PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
21412172-6	2011	Isoflurane-induced actin cytoskeletal changes were accompanied by a significant decrease in protein levels of the endogenous GTPase RhoA that regulates the phosphorylation of myosin light chain protein, suggesting that isoflurane-induced impairment in glial growth and morphological development is, in part, mediated by the RhoA/myosin light chain protein signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	0-10	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	132-136
21412172-6	2011	Isoflurane-induced actin cytoskeletal changes were accompanied by a significant decrease in protein levels of the endogenous GTPase RhoA that regulates the phosphorylation of myosin light chain protein, suggesting that isoflurane-induced impairment in glial growth and morphological development is, in part, mediated by the RhoA/myosin light chain protein signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	0-10	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	324-328
21412172-6	2011	Isoflurane-induced actin cytoskeletal changes were accompanied by a significant decrease in protein levels of the endogenous GTPase RhoA that regulates the phosphorylation of myosin light chain protein, suggesting that isoflurane-induced impairment in glial growth and morphological development is, in part, mediated by the RhoA/myosin light chain protein signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	219-229	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	132-136
21412172-6	2011	Isoflurane-induced actin cytoskeletal changes were accompanied by a significant decrease in protein levels of the endogenous GTPase RhoA that regulates the phosphorylation of myosin light chain protein, suggesting that isoflurane-induced impairment in glial growth and morphological development is, in part, mediated by the RhoA/myosin light chain protein signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	219-229	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	324-328
21453462-0	2011	Isoflurane preconditioning at clinically relevant doses induce protective effects of heme oxygenase-1 on hepatic ischemia reperfusion in rats.	Isoflurane	0-10	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	85-101
21453462-2	2011	The objective of present study was to determine whether clinic relevant doses of isoflurane treatment could be sufficient to activate HO-1 inducing, which confers protective effect against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.	Isoflurane	81-91	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	134-138
21453462-15	2011	Selectively inhibiting HO-1 with ZnPP completed blocked the protective effects of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	82-92	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	23-27
21453462-17	2011	CONCLUSIONS: Clinic relevant doses of isoflurane attenuate ischemia reperfusion injury in rats by increasing the HO-1 expression and activity.	Isoflurane	38-48	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	113-117
21266171-2	2011	We showed previously that the commonly used volatile anesthetic isoflurane increases the transporting activity of EAAT3, the major neuronal EAAT.	Isoflurane	64-74	solute carrier family 1 member 1	Homo sapiens	114-119
21266171-6	2011	This fusion peptide inhibited the isoflurane-increased EAAT3 activity and redistribution to the plasma membrane in C6 cells and hippocampus.	Isoflurane	34-44	solute carrier family 1 member 1	Homo sapiens	55-60
21266171-8	2011	This peptide also attenuated isoflurane-induced increase of PKCalpha in the immunoprecipitates produced by an anti-EAAT3 antibody.	Isoflurane	29-39	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	60-68
21266171-8	2011	This peptide also attenuated isoflurane-induced increase of PKCalpha in the immunoprecipitates produced by an anti-EAAT3 antibody.	Isoflurane	29-39	solute carrier family 1 member 1	Homo sapiens	115-120
21266171-13	2011	The S465 sequence-specific peptide may interrupt this interaction and is an effective inhibitor for the regulation of EAAT3 activity and trafficking by PKCalpha and isoflurane.	Isoflurane	165-175	solute carrier family 1 member 1	Homo sapiens	118-123
21290074-1	2011	The structures and intermolecular interactions in the halogen bonded complexes of anaesthetics (chloroform, halothane, enflurane and isoflurane) with formaldehyde were studied by ab initio MP2 and CCSD(T) methods.	Isoflurane	133-143	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	189-192
21496421-11	2011	Isoflurane-induced neuroprotection might be involved with ERK1/2 activities.	Isoflurane	0-10	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	58-64
21471541-0	2011	Effects of isoflurane on Nfkappab p65, Gadd45a and Jnk1 expression in the vital organs of CBA/CA mice.	Isoflurane	11-21	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	51-55
21245730-8	2011	Isoflurane protected against renal IRI and reduced hepatic and intestinal injury via induction of small-intestinal crypt SK1 mRNA, protein and enzyme activity, and increased sphingosine-1-phosphate.	Isoflurane	0-10	sphingosine kinase 1	Mus musculus	121-124
21245730-10	2011	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane protects against multiorgan injury after renal IRI via induction of the SK1/sphingosine-1-phosphate pathway.	Isoflurane	13-23	sphingosine kinase 1	Mus musculus	96-99
20580572-1	2011	OBJECTIVES: To analyze the hemodynamic effects and myocardial injury using troponin-T and creatine phosphokinase (CPK-MB) with isoflurane and compare it with a control group in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery.	Isoflurane	127-137	phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit type 2 alpha	Homo sapiens	114-117
21107265-0	2011	Effects of intrathecal isoflurane administration on nociception and Fos expression in the rat spinal cord.	Isoflurane	23-33	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	68-71
21107265-9	2011	Immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse transcriptase PCR revealed that isoflurane administration inhibited formalin injection-induced c-fos expression in the spinal cord.	Isoflurane	75-85	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	138-143
22110498-8	2011	Alveolar and plasma concentrations of IL-8 and TNF-alpha were significantly lower in the isoflurane group, whereas alveolar and plasma concentrations of MDA were significantly lower in the propofol group.	Isoflurane	89-99	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	38-42
21059370-0	2011	The common inhaled anesthetic isoflurane increases aggregation of huntingtin and alters calcium homeostasis in a cell model of Huntington"s disease.	Isoflurane	30-40	huntingtin	Mus musculus	66-76
21059370-2	2011	We hypothesized that isoflurane will have similar effects on the polyglutamine huntingtin protein and will cause alterations in intracellular calcium homeostasis.	Isoflurane	21-31	huntingtin	Mus musculus	79-89
21059370-6	2011	Isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane all increased the aggregation of huntingtin in STHdh(Q111/Q111) cells, with isoflurane having the largest effect.	Isoflurane	0-10	huntingtin	Mus musculus	73-83
21059370-6	2011	Isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane all increased the aggregation of huntingtin in STHdh(Q111/Q111) cells, with isoflurane having the largest effect.	Isoflurane	116-126	huntingtin	Mus musculus	73-83
21059370-7	2011	Isoflurane induced greater calcium release from the ER and relatively more cell damage in the STHdh(Q111/Q111) huntingtin cells than in the wild type STHdh(Q7/Q7) striatal cells.	Isoflurane	0-10	huntingtin	Mus musculus	111-121
21059370-9	2011	Xestospongin C inhibited the isoflurane-induced calcium release from the ER, aggregation of huntingtin, and cell damage in the STHdh(Q111/Q111) cells.	Isoflurane	29-39	huntingtin	Mus musculus	92-102
21059370-10	2011	In summary, the Q111 form of huntingtin increases the vulnerability of striatal neurons to isoflurane neurotoxicity through combined actions on the ER IP(3) receptors.	Isoflurane	91-101	huntingtin	Mus musculus	29-39
21249195-8	2011	After isoflurane anesthesia before euthanasia capsaicin caused a TRPV1-mediated increase in the magnitude of LA-LTP.	Isoflurane	6-16	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Mus musculus	65-70
21169791-0	2011	Isoflurane neurotoxicity is mediated by p75NTR-RhoA activation and actin depolymerization.	Isoflurane	0-10	nerve growth factor receptor (TNFR superfamily, member 16)	Mus musculus	40-46
21169791-0	2011	Isoflurane neurotoxicity is mediated by p75NTR-RhoA activation and actin depolymerization.	Isoflurane	0-10	ras homolog family member A	Mus musculus	47-51
21169791-4	2011	It is therefore conceivable that inhibition of RhoA or prevention of cytoskeletal depolymerization might attenuate isoflurane neurotoxicity.	Isoflurane	115-125	ras homolog family member A	Mus musculus	47-51
21169791-11	2011	RESULTS: RhoA activation was increased after 30 and 120 min of isoflurane exposure in neurons; TAT-Pep5 (10 mum) decreased isoflurane-mediated RhoA activation at both time intervals.	Isoflurane	63-73	ras homolog family member A	Mus musculus	9-13
21169791-11	2011	RESULTS: RhoA activation was increased after 30 and 120 min of isoflurane exposure in neurons; TAT-Pep5 (10 mum) decreased isoflurane-mediated RhoA activation at both time intervals.	Isoflurane	123-133	ras homolog family member A	Mus musculus	143-147
21359097-0	2011	Isoflurane preconditioning reduces oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced neuronal injury via B-cell lymphoma 2 protein.	Isoflurane	0-10	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	90-107
21169791-12	2011	Isoflurane decreased drebrin immunofluorescence and enhanced cleaved caspase-3 in neurons, effects that were attenuated by pretreatment with either jasplakinolide (1 mum) or TAT-Pep5.	Isoflurane	0-10	drebrin 1	Mus musculus	21-28
21169791-14	2011	TAT-Pep5 significantly attenuated isoflurane-mediated loss of drebrin immunofluorescence in hippocampal slices.	Isoflurane	34-44	drebrin 1	Mus musculus	62-69
21169791-15	2011	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane results in RhoA activation, cytoskeletal depolymerization, and apoptosis.	Isoflurane	13-23	ras homolog family member A	Mus musculus	35-39
21169791-16	2011	Inhibition of RhoA activation or prevention of downstream actin depolymerization significantly attenuated isoflurane-mediated neurotoxicity in developing neurons.	Isoflurane	106-116	ras homolog family member A	Mus musculus	14-18
21359097-8	2011	These results suggest that isoflurane preconditioning-induced neuroprotection is mediated by Bcl-2.	Isoflurane	27-37	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	93-98
21698053-8	2011	RESULTS: Compared with I/R+S or I/R+V group, emulsified isoflurane preconditioning reduced hepatic I/R-induced lung histologic injury and inhibited the increase of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the lung tissue markedly (5.5+-1.37 and 5.22+-1.33 vs 3.81+-1.62 U/g, P<0.05).	Isoflurane	56-66	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	164-179
21698053-8	2011	RESULTS: Compared with I/R+S or I/R+V group, emulsified isoflurane preconditioning reduced hepatic I/R-induced lung histologic injury and inhibited the increase of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in the lung tissue markedly (5.5+-1.37 and 5.22+-1.33 vs 3.81+-1.62 U/g, P<0.05).	Isoflurane	56-66	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	181-184
21698053-10	2011	Emulsified isoflurane preconditioning also inhibited the increase of ICAM-1 expression (0.79+-0.17 and 0.84+-0.24 vs 0.62+-0.21, P<0.05) and NF-kappaB translocation (4.93+-0.48 and 4.76+-0.57 vs 4.01+-0.86, P<0.05) in the lung tissue markedly.	Isoflurane	11-21	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-75
21389746-6	2011	RESULTS: Isoflurane (2.6%) and sevoflurane (3.4%) used at twice the minimum alveolar concentration significantly prolonged the rtfLORRs in PKC-gamma knockout mice compared to those in wild-type mice.	Isoflurane	9-19	protein kinase C, gamma	Mus musculus	139-148
20875840-3	2010	We have shown that the volatile anesthetic isoflurane increases EAAT3 activity and trafficking to the plasma membrane.	Isoflurane	43-53	solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1	Mus musculus	64-69
22216265-7	2011	Hypoxia-induced EPO mRNA expression in the brain was significantly suppressed by isoflurane in a concentration-dependent manner.	Isoflurane	81-91	erythropoietin	Mus musculus	16-19
22216265-9	2011	Hypoxia-inducible expression of HIF-2alpha protein was also significantly suppressed with isoflurane.	Isoflurane	90-100	endothelial PAS domain protein 1	Mus musculus	32-42
22216265-10	2011	In the experiments using primary cultured astrocytes, isoflurane, pentobarbital, and ketamine suppressed hypoxia-inducible expression of HIF-2alpha protein and EPO mRNA.	Isoflurane	54-64	endothelial PAS domain protein 1	Mus musculus	137-147
22216265-10	2011	In the experiments using primary cultured astrocytes, isoflurane, pentobarbital, and ketamine suppressed hypoxia-inducible expression of HIF-2alpha protein and EPO mRNA.	Isoflurane	54-64	erythropoietin	Mus musculus	160-163
22114680-0	2011	Isoflurane-induced spatial memory impairment in mice is prevented by the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor donepezil.	Isoflurane	0-10	acetylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	73-93
22114680-3	2011	We hypothesized that pretreatment with the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor donepezil, which has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of Alzheimer"s disease, prevents isoflurane-induced spatial memory impairment in aged mice.	Isoflurane	202-212	acetylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	43-63
22114680-12	2011	In conclusions, pretreatment with the AChE inhibitor donepezil prevented isoflurane-induced spatial memory impairment in aged mice.	Isoflurane	73-83	acetylcholinesterase	Mus musculus	38-42
21042202-7	2010	TRESK knockout mice showed a statistically significant 8% increase in isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration compared with wild-type littermates.	Isoflurane	70-80	potassium channel, subfamily K, member 18	Mus musculus	0-5
20881605-1	2010	Isoflurane activates protein kinase A (PKA) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which in turn activates ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels and causes vasodilation.	Isoflurane	0-10	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	21-37
20881605-1	2010	Isoflurane activates protein kinase A (PKA) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which in turn activates ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channels and causes vasodilation.	Isoflurane	0-10	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
20962114-6	2011	Mechanistically, isoflurane anesthesia upregulated and induced small intestinal crypt sphingosine kinase-1 (SK1) as SK1 mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity increased with isoflurane treatment.	Isoflurane	17-27	sphingosine kinase 1	Mus musculus	86-111
20962114-6	2011	Mechanistically, isoflurane anesthesia upregulated and induced small intestinal crypt sphingosine kinase-1 (SK1) as SK1 mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity increased with isoflurane treatment.	Isoflurane	17-27	sphingosine kinase 1	Mus musculus	108-111
20962114-6	2011	Mechanistically, isoflurane anesthesia upregulated and induced small intestinal crypt sphingosine kinase-1 (SK1) as SK1 mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity increased with isoflurane treatment.	Isoflurane	170-180	sphingosine kinase 1	Mus musculus	86-111
20962114-6	2011	Mechanistically, isoflurane anesthesia upregulated and induced small intestinal crypt sphingosine kinase-1 (SK1) as SK1 mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity increased with isoflurane treatment.	Isoflurane	170-180	sphingosine kinase 1	Mus musculus	108-111
20962114-8	2011	Therefore, in addition to its potent anesthetic properties, isoflurane protects against AKI-induced liver and intestine injury via activation of small intestinal SK1 independently of the effects on the kidney.	Isoflurane	60-70	sphingosine kinase 1	Mus musculus	162-165
22069482-0	2011	Anesthetic propofol attenuates the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation and Abeta oligomerization.	Isoflurane	35-45	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	54-63
22069482-3	2011	In addition, recent studies suggest that isoflurane may directly promote the formation of cytotoxic soluble Abeta oligomers, which are thought to be the key pathological species in AD.	Isoflurane	41-51	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	108-113
22069482-5	2011	We therefore set out to compare the effects of isoflurane and propofol alone and in combination on caspase-3 activation and Abeta oligomerization in vitro and in vivo.	Isoflurane	47-57	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	99-108
22069482-7	2011	Here we show for the first time that propofol can attenuate isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation in cultured cells and in the brain tissues of neonatal mice.	Isoflurane	60-70	caspase 3	Mus musculus	79-88
22069482-10	2011	These data suggest that propofol may mitigate the caspase-3 activation by attenuating the isoflurane-induced Abeta42 oligomerization.	Isoflurane	90-100	caspase 3	Mus musculus	50-59
20953965-0	2010	The cellular mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane on arginine vasopressin-induced vasoconstriction.	Isoflurane	61-71	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	100-111
20953965-6	2010	RESULTS: Arginine vasopressin (10-7M) elicited a transient contractile response that was inhibited by isoflurane and sevoflurane in a concentration-dependent manner.	Isoflurane	102-112	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	18-29
20881605-9	2010	Furthermore, increasing PKA activation in cell-attached patches by CPT-cAMP restored isoflurane"s effects in the aged group.	Isoflurane	85-95	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	24-27
20881605-10	2010	These results suggest that aging decreases isoflurane-induced PKA activation, resulting in attenuation of K(ATP) channel opening.	Isoflurane	43-53	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
20727416-14	2010	Since we could recently demonstrate significant hepatoprotective effects of HO-1 induced by isoflurane, the present results may help to establish new concepts in hepatic organ protection.	Isoflurane	92-102	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-80
20875840-4	2010	Thus, we hypothesize that EAAT3 mediates isoflurane-induced anesthesia.	Isoflurane	41-51	solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1	Mus musculus	26-31
20875840-9	2010	However, the EAAT3 knockout mice were more sensitive to isoflurane-induced hypnotic effects, which may be mediated by hypothalamic sleep neural circuits.	Isoflurane	56-66	solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1	Mus musculus	13-18
20875840-12	2010	These results suggest that EAAT3 modulates the sensitivity of neural circuits to isoflurane.	Isoflurane	81-91	solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1	Mus musculus	27-32
20875840-13	2010	These results, along with our previous findings which suggests that isoflurane increases EAAT3 activity, indicate that EAAT3 may regulate isoflurane-induced behavioral changes, including anesthesia.	Isoflurane	68-78	solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1	Mus musculus	89-94
20875840-13	2010	These results, along with our previous findings which suggests that isoflurane increases EAAT3 activity, indicate that EAAT3 may regulate isoflurane-induced behavioral changes, including anesthesia.	Isoflurane	68-78	solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1	Mus musculus	119-124
20875840-13	2010	These results, along with our previous findings which suggests that isoflurane increases EAAT3 activity, indicate that EAAT3 may regulate isoflurane-induced behavioral changes, including anesthesia.	Isoflurane	138-148	solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1	Mus musculus	89-94
20875840-13	2010	These results, along with our previous findings which suggests that isoflurane increases EAAT3 activity, indicate that EAAT3 may regulate isoflurane-induced behavioral changes, including anesthesia.	Isoflurane	138-148	solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1	Mus musculus	119-124
20880454-10	2010	Immunoblotting analysis revealed that the immunoreactivity of PKC epsilon increased significantly in the membrane fractions and deceased significantly in the kytoplasm fractions for cells treated with 1.0 MAC isoflurane as compared with the untreated cells, but not of PKC-alpha, PKC-delta and PKC-zeta (P less than 0.01).	Isoflurane	209-219	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
20880454-10	2010	Immunoblotting analysis revealed that the immunoreactivity of PKC epsilon increased significantly in the membrane fractions and deceased significantly in the kytoplasm fractions for cells treated with 1.0 MAC isoflurane as compared with the untreated cells, but not of PKC-alpha, PKC-delta and PKC-zeta (P less than 0.01).	Isoflurane	209-219	protein kinase C, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	269-278
20880454-0	2010	Isoflurane induces expression of vascular endothelial growth factor through activating protein kinase C in myocardial cells.	Isoflurane	0-10	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	33-67
20880454-11	2010	CONCLUSION: Isoflurane induces myocardial cells to release VEGF through activating PKC-epsilon from the endochylema to the cytomembrane, suggesting a possible novel mechanism of isoflurane protecting myocardial cells.	Isoflurane	12-22	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	59-63
20880454-11	2010	CONCLUSION: Isoflurane induces myocardial cells to release VEGF through activating PKC-epsilon from the endochylema to the cytomembrane, suggesting a possible novel mechanism of isoflurane protecting myocardial cells.	Isoflurane	12-22	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	83-86
20880454-0	2010	Isoflurane induces expression of vascular endothelial growth factor through activating protein kinase C in myocardial cells.	Isoflurane	0-10	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	87-103
20880454-2	2010	This study aimed to investigate the effect of isoflurane on VEGF expression and the potential intracellular signal transduction pathway in cultured rat myocardial cells in order to further reveal the molecular mechanism of myocardial preservation of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	46-56	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	60-64
20880454-11	2010	CONCLUSION: Isoflurane induces myocardial cells to release VEGF through activating PKC-epsilon from the endochylema to the cytomembrane, suggesting a possible novel mechanism of isoflurane protecting myocardial cells.	Isoflurane	178-188	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	59-63
20880454-2	2010	This study aimed to investigate the effect of isoflurane on VEGF expression and the potential intracellular signal transduction pathway in cultured rat myocardial cells in order to further reveal the molecular mechanism of myocardial preservation of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	250-260	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	60-64
20880454-11	2010	CONCLUSION: Isoflurane induces myocardial cells to release VEGF through activating PKC-epsilon from the endochylema to the cytomembrane, suggesting a possible novel mechanism of isoflurane protecting myocardial cells.	Isoflurane	178-188	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	83-86
20880454-6	2010	RESULTS: Isoflurane increased the VEGF expression in myocardial cells in a dose-dependent way.	Isoflurane	9-19	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
20880454-7	2010	VEGF levels were significantly higher in 1.0 and 1.5 MAC isoflurane groups than in the control group (both P < 0.01).	Isoflurane	57-67	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
20693879-2	2010	We demonstrated that isoflurane inhibits primary leukocyte integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) by binding to the allosteric cavity critical for conformational activation to its high-affinity form.	Isoflurane	21-31	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	68-108
20880454-8	2010	The effect of isoflurane on upregulating VEGF expression was blocked by PKC inhibitor calphostin C (P < 0.01), but calphostin C did not alter VEGF expression (P > 0.05).	Isoflurane	14-24	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	41-45
20880454-8	2010	The effect of isoflurane on upregulating VEGF expression was blocked by PKC inhibitor calphostin C (P < 0.01), but calphostin C did not alter VEGF expression (P > 0.05).	Isoflurane	14-24	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
20599911-2	2010	In this study we examined the possible role of connexin36 gap junctions in the anticonvulsant action of isoflurane and compared this to etomidate, an anaesthetic known for having proconvulsant effects.	Isoflurane	104-114	gap junction protein, delta 2	Mus musculus	47-57
20693879-3	2010	It remains to be determined whether the allosteric inhibition of LFA-1 by isoflurane can be generalized to other anesthetics such as sevoflurane.	Isoflurane	74-84	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	65-70
20693879-13	2010	The allosteric mode of action exemplified by sevoflurane and isoflurane via LFA-1 might represent one of the underlying mechanisms of anesthetic-mediated immunomodulation.	Isoflurane	61-71	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	76-81
20693879-2	2010	We demonstrated that isoflurane inhibits primary leukocyte integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) by binding to the allosteric cavity critical for conformational activation to its high-affinity form.	Isoflurane	21-31	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	110-115
20936719-0	2010	[Effects of isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane on expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in LPS-induced rat lung microvascular endothelial cells].	Isoflurane	12-22	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-74
20936719-0	2010	[Effects of isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane on expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in LPS-induced rat lung microvascular endothelial cells].	Isoflurane	12-22	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	79-85
20936719-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane on the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in LPS-induced rat lung microvascular endothelial cells (RLMVECs).	Isoflurane	40-50	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	100-106
20936719-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane on the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in LPS-induced rat lung microvascular endothelial cells (RLMVECs).	Isoflurane	40-50	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	111-117
20660787-0	2010	Multiple binding sites for the general anesthetic isoflurane identified in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor transmembrane domain.	Isoflurane	50-60	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	79-111
20936719-4	2010	RESULT: Isoflurane at concentration of 1.0 MAC up-regulated the expression of ICAM-1 in LPS-induced RLMVECs (P <0.05); while same concentrations of sevoflurane and desflurane down-regulated the expression of ICAM-1 (P<0.05).	Isoflurane	8-18	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-84
20936719-4	2010	RESULT: Isoflurane at concentration of 1.0 MAC up-regulated the expression of ICAM-1 in LPS-induced RLMVECs (P <0.05); while same concentrations of sevoflurane and desflurane down-regulated the expression of ICAM-1 (P<0.05).	Isoflurane	8-18	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	211-217
20936719-7	2010	CONCLUSION: Compared to isoflurane, 1.0 MAC sevoflurane and desflurane down-regulate the expression of ICAM-1, which may be the molecule mechanism of their protective effect in acute lung injury.	Isoflurane	24-34	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-109
20714347-6	2010	Lightweight heterozygotes also exhibit an altered response to the anesthetic isoflurane, reminiscent of unc-79 invertebrate mutant phenotypes.	Isoflurane	77-87	unc-79 homolog	Mus musculus	104-110
20660787-1	2010	An extensive search for isoflurane binding sites in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and the proton gated ion channel from Gloebacter violaceus (GLIC) has been carried out based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in fully hydrated lipid membrane environments.	Isoflurane	24-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	56-88
20660787-1	2010	An extensive search for isoflurane binding sites in the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) and the proton gated ion channel from Gloebacter violaceus (GLIC) has been carried out based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations in fully hydrated lipid membrane environments.	Isoflurane	24-34	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	90-95
20660787-3	2010	Specifically, isoflurane binds persistently to three classes of sites in the nAChR transmembrane domain: (i) An isoflurane dimer occludes the pore, contacting residues identified by previous mutagenesis studies; analogous behavior is observed in GLIC.	Isoflurane	14-24	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	77-82
20660787-3	2010	Specifically, isoflurane binds persistently to three classes of sites in the nAChR transmembrane domain: (i) An isoflurane dimer occludes the pore, contacting residues identified by previous mutagenesis studies; analogous behavior is observed in GLIC.	Isoflurane	112-122	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	77-82
20660787-5	2010	(iii) Isoflurane binds to the subunit centers of both nAChR alpha chains and one of the GLIC chains, in a site that has had little experimental targeting.	Isoflurane	6-16	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	54-59
20003127-8	2010	In vivo isoflurane induced cortical neuroapoptosis compared with air (327+/-80 vs. 34+/-9 caspase-3-positive neurons; P<0.05).	Isoflurane	8-18	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	90-99
20610552-9	2010	The numbers of viable neurons in the CA1 region were significantly increased by isoflurane preconditioning compared with those in the Con group (P < 0.05).	Isoflurane	80-90	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	37-40
20610552-10	2010	The numbers of TUNEL-positive neurons in the CA1 region were significantly decreased after isoflurane preconditioning.	Isoflurane	91-101	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	45-48
20610767-3	2010	Here, we show that isoflurane causes robust activation of CO(2)/pH-sensitive, Phox2b-expressing neurons located in the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) of the rodent brainstem, in vitro and in vivo.	Isoflurane	19-29	paired-like homeobox 2b	Rattus norvegicus	78-84
20610767-4	2010	In brainstem slices from Phox2b-eGFP mice, the firing of pH-sensitive RTN neurons was strongly increased by isoflurane, independent of prevailing pH conditions.	Isoflurane	108-118	paired-like homeobox 2b	Mus musculus	25-31
20003127-9	2010	Dexmedetomidine inhibited isoflurane-induced caspase-3 expression (P<0.05), although the protection achieved did not completely attenuate the isoflurane injury (P<0.05 vs. air).	Isoflurane	26-36	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	45-54
20003127-10	2010	Isoflurane treatment decreased Bcl-2 and pERK protein expression relative to air, an effect reversed by dexmedetomidine treatment.	Isoflurane	0-10	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	31-36
20460989-1	2010	BACKGROUND: The authors have previously shown that the clinically relevant concentrations of inhalational anesthetics dose-dependently inhibit the postsynaptic density protein (PSD)-95, Dlg, and ZO-1 domain-mediated protein interactions between N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors and PSD-95/synaptic-associated protein (SAP) 90 or PSD-93/Chapsyn-110 and that the knockdown of spinal PSD-95/SAP90 significantly reduces the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) for isoflurane in rats.	Isoflurane	459-469	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	147-184
20508187-0	2010	Isoflurane posttreatment reduces neonatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in rats by the sphingosine-1-phosphate/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt pathway.	Isoflurane	0-10	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	141-144
20508187-11	2010	Isoflurane posttreatment significantly preserved phosphorylated Akt expression and decreased cleaved caspase-3 levels.	Isoflurane	0-10	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	64-67
20460994-5	2010	RESULTS: Isoflurane but not sevoflurane significantly increased the neurodegenerative biomarker S100beta in the blood.	Isoflurane	9-19	S100 protein, beta polypeptide, neural	Mus musculus	96-104
20460994-6	2010	Isoflurane treatments significantly increased apoptosis indicated by the activation of caspase-3 and elevation of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase in different brain regions.	Isoflurane	0-10	caspase 3	Mus musculus	87-96
20508187-15	2010	Activation of the sphingosine-1-phosphate/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt pathway may play a key role in isoflurane posttreatment-induced neuroprotection.	Isoflurane	107-117	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
20463581-8	2010	Isoflurane induces mechanical hyperalgesia in mice by a TRPA1-dependent mechanism.	Isoflurane	0-10	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	56-61
20463581-9	2010	Isoflurane also induces TRPA1-dependent constriction of isolated bronchi.	Isoflurane	0-10	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	24-29
20460989-1	2010	BACKGROUND: The authors have previously shown that the clinically relevant concentrations of inhalational anesthetics dose-dependently inhibit the postsynaptic density protein (PSD)-95, Dlg, and ZO-1 domain-mediated protein interactions between N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors and PSD-95/synaptic-associated protein (SAP) 90 or PSD-93/Chapsyn-110 and that the knockdown of spinal PSD-95/SAP90 significantly reduces the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) for isoflurane in rats.	Isoflurane	459-469	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	280-323
20460989-1	2010	BACKGROUND: The authors have previously shown that the clinically relevant concentrations of inhalational anesthetics dose-dependently inhibit the postsynaptic density protein (PSD)-95, Dlg, and ZO-1 domain-mediated protein interactions between N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors and PSD-95/synaptic-associated protein (SAP) 90 or PSD-93/Chapsyn-110 and that the knockdown of spinal PSD-95/SAP90 significantly reduces the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) for isoflurane in rats.	Isoflurane	459-469	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 2	Mus musculus	327-333
20460989-1	2010	BACKGROUND: The authors have previously shown that the clinically relevant concentrations of inhalational anesthetics dose-dependently inhibit the postsynaptic density protein (PSD)-95, Dlg, and ZO-1 domain-mediated protein interactions between N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors and PSD-95/synaptic-associated protein (SAP) 90 or PSD-93/Chapsyn-110 and that the knockdown of spinal PSD-95/SAP90 significantly reduces the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) for isoflurane in rats.	Isoflurane	459-469	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	334-345
20460994-6	2010	Isoflurane treatments significantly increased apoptosis indicated by the activation of caspase-3 and elevation of poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase in different brain regions.	Isoflurane	0-10	poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1	Mus musculus	114-142
20460989-1	2010	BACKGROUND: The authors have previously shown that the clinically relevant concentrations of inhalational anesthetics dose-dependently inhibit the postsynaptic density protein (PSD)-95, Dlg, and ZO-1 domain-mediated protein interactions between N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors and PSD-95/synaptic-associated protein (SAP) 90 or PSD-93/Chapsyn-110 and that the knockdown of spinal PSD-95/SAP90 significantly reduces the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) for isoflurane in rats.	Isoflurane	459-469	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	280-286
20460989-1	2010	BACKGROUND: The authors have previously shown that the clinically relevant concentrations of inhalational anesthetics dose-dependently inhibit the postsynaptic density protein (PSD)-95, Dlg, and ZO-1 domain-mediated protein interactions between N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors and PSD-95/synaptic-associated protein (SAP) 90 or PSD-93/Chapsyn-110 and that the knockdown of spinal PSD-95/SAP90 significantly reduces the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) for isoflurane in rats.	Isoflurane	459-469	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	386-391
20304986-2	2010	Because inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was implicated as one of the mechanisms of isoflurane preconditioning, the effect of iNOS inhibition on rCBF was also studied.	Isoflurane	90-100	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	41-45
20371360-0	2010	Isoflurane"s effect on interfacial dynamics in GAPDH influences methylglyoxal reactivity.	Isoflurane	0-10	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	47-52
20371360-4	2010	We hypothesized that inhaled anesthetics may play a role in protein glycation and examined the effects of isoflurane on MG-induced modification of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH).	Isoflurane	106-116	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	147-187
20371360-5	2010	Isoflurane promoted MG-induced modification of GAPDH as evidenced by an increase in fluorescent glycation products, a change in chromatographic elution patterns and a loss of enzyme activity.	Isoflurane	0-10	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	47-52
20182714-11	2010	CONCLUSION: These findings suggest a similar, regionally specific interference of pentobarbital and isoflurane anaesthesia with in vivo CB1 receptor imaging using [(18)F]MK-9470.	Isoflurane	100-110	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	136-139
20418694-0	2010	Role of caveolin-3 and glucose transporter-4 in isoflurane-induced delayed cardiac protection.	Isoflurane	48-58	caveolin 3	Mus musculus	8-18
20371360-7	2010	Our working model involves the binding of isoflurane to GAPDH, increasing the susceptibility to MG-induced modification of residues involved in oligomerization.	Isoflurane	42-52	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	56-61
20427381-3	2010	Isoflurane significantly increased Akt and GSK-3beta phosphorylation in the young groups.	Isoflurane	0-10	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-38
20427381-3	2010	Isoflurane significantly increased Akt and GSK-3beta phosphorylation in the young groups.	Isoflurane	0-10	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	43-52
20427381-7	2010	Lack of isoflurane-induced cardioprotective effects, seen in the old animals, can be explained by age-related differences in Akt/GSK-3beta signaling pathway and the inability to reduce mPTP opening following ischemia/reperfusion injury.	Isoflurane	8-18	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	129-138
20304986-13	2010	With iNOS inhibition, the increase of rCBF in the IC with isoflurane pretreatment became insignificant.	Isoflurane	58-68	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	5-9
20304986-13	2010	With iNOS inhibition, the increase of rCBF in the IC with isoflurane pretreatment became insignificant.	Isoflurane	58-68	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	38-42
20304986-14	2010	CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that isoflurane pretreatment improved rCBF and increased the regional O(2) supply and consumption in the focal ischemic area but did not affect capillary permeability during the early stage of focal cerebral ischemia.	Isoflurane	39-49	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	72-76
20304986-15	2010	The isoflurane-induced increase in rCBF in the ischemic area became insignificant with inhibition of iNOS.	Isoflurane	4-14	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	35-39
20304986-15	2010	The isoflurane-induced increase in rCBF in the ischemic area became insignificant with inhibition of iNOS.	Isoflurane	4-14	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	101-105
20505374-7	2010	In 12 cases of the isoflurane group, no apparent rCBF and ECoG changes were seen, except a case with decreased rCBF and slow waves.	Isoflurane	19-29	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	111-115
20125034-11	2010	Phosphorylated Akt and eNOS protein expression increased after isoflurane postconditioning compared with the I/R group.	Isoflurane	63-73	nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Oryctolagus cuniculus	23-27
19839950-12	2010	Upregulation of BNP mRNA expression was impeded in the remote area of the LV by both isoflurane and xenon.	Isoflurane	85-95	natriuretic peptide B	Homo sapiens	16-19
20053797-0	2010	Isoflurane via TGF-beta1 release increases caveolae formation and organizes sphingosine kinase signaling in renal proximal tubules.	Isoflurane	0-10	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	15-24
20053797-1	2010	We previously showed that the inhalational anesthetic isoflurane protects against renal proximal tubule necrosis via isoflurane-mediated stimulation and translocation of sphingosine kinase-1 (SK1) with subsequent synthesis of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in renal proximal tubule cells (Kim M, Kim M, Kim N, D"Agati VD, Emala CW Sr, Lee HT.	Isoflurane	54-64	sphingosine kinase 1	Mus musculus	192-195
20053797-3	2010	We also demonstrated that the anti-necrotic and anti-inflammatory effect of isoflurane is due in part to phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization and subsequent release of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) (Lee HT, Kim M, Kim J, Kim N, Emala CW.	Isoflurane	76-86	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	171-203
20053797-3	2010	We also demonstrated that the anti-necrotic and anti-inflammatory effect of isoflurane is due in part to phosphatidylserine (PS) externalization and subsequent release of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) (Lee HT, Kim M, Kim J, Kim N, Emala CW.	Isoflurane	76-86	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	205-214
20053797-5	2010	In this study, we tested the hypothesis that isoflurane, via TGF-beta1 release, increases caveolae formation in the buoyant fraction of the cell membrane of human renal proximal tubule (HK-2) cells to organize SK1 and S1P signaling.	Isoflurane	45-55	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	61-70
20053797-5	2010	In this study, we tested the hypothesis that isoflurane, via TGF-beta1 release, increases caveolae formation in the buoyant fraction of the cell membrane of human renal proximal tubule (HK-2) cells to organize SK1 and S1P signaling.	Isoflurane	45-55	sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	210-213
20053797-7	2010	SK1-HK-2 cells exposed to isoflurane increased caveolae/caveolin formation in the buoyant membrane fractions which contained key signaling intermediates involved in isoflurane-mediated renal tubule protection, including S1P, SK1, ERK MAPK, and TGF-beta1 receptors.	Isoflurane	26-36	sphingosine kinase 1	Mus musculus	0-3
20053797-7	2010	SK1-HK-2 cells exposed to isoflurane increased caveolae/caveolin formation in the buoyant membrane fractions which contained key signaling intermediates involved in isoflurane-mediated renal tubule protection, including S1P, SK1, ERK MAPK, and TGF-beta1 receptors.	Isoflurane	26-36	sphingosine kinase 1	Mus musculus	225-228
20053797-7	2010	SK1-HK-2 cells exposed to isoflurane increased caveolae/caveolin formation in the buoyant membrane fractions which contained key signaling intermediates involved in isoflurane-mediated renal tubule protection, including S1P, SK1, ERK MAPK, and TGF-beta1 receptors.	Isoflurane	26-36	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	230-233
20053797-7	2010	SK1-HK-2 cells exposed to isoflurane increased caveolae/caveolin formation in the buoyant membrane fractions which contained key signaling intermediates involved in isoflurane-mediated renal tubule protection, including S1P, SK1, ERK MAPK, and TGF-beta1 receptors.	Isoflurane	26-36	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	244-253
20053797-7	2010	SK1-HK-2 cells exposed to isoflurane increased caveolae/caveolin formation in the buoyant membrane fractions which contained key signaling intermediates involved in isoflurane-mediated renal tubule protection, including S1P, SK1, ERK MAPK, and TGF-beta1 receptors.	Isoflurane	165-175	sphingosine kinase 1	Mus musculus	0-3
20053797-7	2010	SK1-HK-2 cells exposed to isoflurane increased caveolae/caveolin formation in the buoyant membrane fractions which contained key signaling intermediates involved in isoflurane-mediated renal tubule protection, including S1P, SK1, ERK MAPK, and TGF-beta1 receptors.	Isoflurane	165-175	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	230-233
20053797-7	2010	SK1-HK-2 cells exposed to isoflurane increased caveolae/caveolin formation in the buoyant membrane fractions which contained key signaling intermediates involved in isoflurane-mediated renal tubule protection, including S1P, SK1, ERK MAPK, and TGF-beta1 receptors.	Isoflurane	165-175	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	244-253
20053797-8	2010	Furthermore, treating SK1-HK-2 cells with recombinant TGF-beta1 or PS liposome mixture increased caveolae formation, mimicking the effects of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	142-152	sphingosine kinase 1	Mus musculus	22-25
20053797-8	2010	Furthermore, treating SK1-HK-2 cells with recombinant TGF-beta1 or PS liposome mixture increased caveolae formation, mimicking the effects of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	142-152	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	54-63
20053797-9	2010	Conversely, TGF-beta1-neutralizing antibody blocked the increase in caveolae formation induced by isoflurane in SK1-HK-2 cells.	Isoflurane	98-108	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	12-21
20053797-9	2010	Conversely, TGF-beta1-neutralizing antibody blocked the increase in caveolae formation induced by isoflurane in SK1-HK-2 cells.	Isoflurane	98-108	sphingosine kinase 1	Mus musculus	112-115
20053797-10	2010	The increase in SK1 activity in the caveolae-enriched fractions from isoflurane-treated nonlentivirus-infected HK-2 cells, while smaller in magnitude, was qualitatively similar to that found in the SK1-HK-2 cell line.	Isoflurane	69-79	sphingosine kinase 1	Mus musculus	16-19
20053797-11	2010	Finally, isoflurane also increased caveolae formation in the kidneys of TGF-beta1 +/+ mice but not in TGF-beta1 +/- mice (mice with reduced levels of TGF-beta1).	Isoflurane	9-19	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	72-81
20053797-12	2010	Our study demonstrates that isoflurane organizes several key cytoprotective signaling intermediates including TGF-beta1 receptors, SK1 and ERK, within the caveolae fraction of the plasma membrane.	Isoflurane	28-38	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	110-119
20053797-12	2010	Our study demonstrates that isoflurane organizes several key cytoprotective signaling intermediates including TGF-beta1 receptors, SK1 and ERK, within the caveolae fraction of the plasma membrane.	Isoflurane	28-38	sphingosine kinase 1	Mus musculus	131-134
20053797-12	2010	Our study demonstrates that isoflurane organizes several key cytoprotective signaling intermediates including TGF-beta1 receptors, SK1 and ERK, within the caveolae fraction of the plasma membrane.	Isoflurane	28-38	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	139-142
20505374-9	2010	During sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthesia <2.5 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration, rCBF is affected by ECoG activities rather than pharmacologic action of inhalational anesthetics.	Isoflurane	23-33	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	96-100
20448357-0	2010	[Effect of isoflurane delayed preconditioning on the expression of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 in myocardium during ischemia reperfusion in rabbits].	Isoflurane	11-21	BCL-2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	67-72
20086058-5	2010	Pharmacological inhibition of InsP3R activity and knockdown of its expression nearly abolishes the isoflurane-mediated elevation of the cytosolic calcium concentration and cell death in rodent primary cortical and hippocampal neurons.	Isoflurane	99-109	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 1	Rattus norvegicus	30-36
20086058-6	2010	Inhibition of InsP3R activity by its antagonist xestospongin C significantly inhibits neurodegeneration induced by isoflurane at clinically used concentration in the developing brain of postnatal day 7 rats.	Isoflurane	115-125	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-20
20086058-7	2010	Moreover, our results show that isoflurane activates beta-site amyloid beta precursor protein-cleaving enzyme via activation of the InsP3R.	Isoflurane	32-42	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 1	Rattus norvegicus	132-138
20086058-9	2010	Taken together, our results suggest that Ca2+ dysregulation through overactivation of the InsP3R may be a contributing factor in the mechanism of isoflurane-induced neurodegeneration in rodent neuronal cell culture and during brain development.	Isoflurane	146-156	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 1	Rattus norvegicus	90-96
20459015-0	2010	[Isoflurane produces delayed preconditioning against renal ischemia/reperfusion injury via hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha activation].	Isoflurane	1-11	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	91-123
20459015-13	2010	CONCLUSION: Isoflurane produces delayed preconditioning against renal I/R injury, and this beneficial effectiveness may be mediated by HIF-1 alpha.	Isoflurane	12-22	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	135-146
20448357-0	2010	[Effect of isoflurane delayed preconditioning on the expression of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 in myocardium during ischemia reperfusion in rabbits].	Isoflurane	11-21	caspase-3	Oryctolagus cuniculus	77-86
20448357-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of isoflurane delayed preconditioning on the activation of caspase-3 and the expression of Bcl-2 in rabbit myocardium during ischemia reperfusion and the possible mechanism.	Isoflurane	40-50	caspase-3	Oryctolagus cuniculus	96-105
20448357-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of isoflurane delayed preconditioning on the activation of caspase-3 and the expression of Bcl-2 in rabbit myocardium during ischemia reperfusion and the possible mechanism.	Isoflurane	40-50	BCL-2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	128-133
20448357-12	2010	CONCLUSION: Isoflurane delayed preconditioning can inhibit the apoptosis of myocardium by up-regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and down-regulating the activation of caspase-3, which may be part of the molecular mechanism of isoflurane delayed preconditioning on myocardial preservation.	Isoflurane	12-22	BCL-2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	122-127
20448357-12	2010	CONCLUSION: Isoflurane delayed preconditioning can inhibit the apoptosis of myocardium by up-regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and down-regulating the activation of caspase-3, which may be part of the molecular mechanism of isoflurane delayed preconditioning on myocardial preservation.	Isoflurane	12-22	caspase-3	Oryctolagus cuniculus	166-175
20448357-12	2010	CONCLUSION: Isoflurane delayed preconditioning can inhibit the apoptosis of myocardium by up-regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and down-regulating the activation of caspase-3, which may be part of the molecular mechanism of isoflurane delayed preconditioning on myocardial preservation.	Isoflurane	225-235	BCL-2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	122-127
20448357-12	2010	CONCLUSION: Isoflurane delayed preconditioning can inhibit the apoptosis of myocardium by up-regulating the expression of Bcl-2 and down-regulating the activation of caspase-3, which may be part of the molecular mechanism of isoflurane delayed preconditioning on myocardial preservation.	Isoflurane	225-235	caspase-3	Oryctolagus cuniculus	166-175
19715664-3	2010	The structure, topology, and dynamics of the alpha4 TM2 and (alpha4)(2)(beta2)(3) TM2 in magnetically aligned phospholipid bicelles were investigated using solid-state NMR spectroscopy in the absence and presence of halothane and isoflurane, two clinically used volatile anesthetics.	Isoflurane	230-240	immunoglobulin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	45-51
20097266-0	2010	Genetic reduction of GABA(A) receptor gamma2 subunit expression potentiates the immobilizing action of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	103-113	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 2	Mus musculus	38-44
20097266-7	2010	These immunohistochemical and pharmacological findings suggest that reduced expression of the GABA(A) receptor gamma2 subunit affects the composition and function of spinal GABA(A) receptors and potentiates the immobilizing action of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	234-244	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 2	Mus musculus	111-117
20228895-4	2010	Azi-isoflurane is slightly more hydrophobic than isoflurane, and more potent in tadpoles.	Isoflurane	4-14	ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
20228895-6	2010	Finally, when irradiated at 300 nm, azi-isoflurane adducts to residues known to line isoflurane-binding sites in apoferritin and integrin LFA-1, the only proteins with isoflurane binding sites defined by crystallography.	Isoflurane	40-50	ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 1	Homo sapiens	36-39
20228895-6	2010	Finally, when irradiated at 300 nm, azi-isoflurane adducts to residues known to line isoflurane-binding sites in apoferritin and integrin LFA-1, the only proteins with isoflurane binding sites defined by crystallography.	Isoflurane	40-50	ferritin heavy chain 1	Homo sapiens	113-124
20228895-6	2010	Finally, when irradiated at 300 nm, azi-isoflurane adducts to residues known to line isoflurane-binding sites in apoferritin and integrin LFA-1, the only proteins with isoflurane binding sites defined by crystallography.	Isoflurane	85-95	ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 1	Homo sapiens	36-39
20228895-6	2010	Finally, when irradiated at 300 nm, azi-isoflurane adducts to residues known to line isoflurane-binding sites in apoferritin and integrin LFA-1, the only proteins with isoflurane binding sites defined by crystallography.	Isoflurane	85-95	ferritin heavy chain 1	Homo sapiens	113-124
20038442-3	2010	To investigate this suggestion, we have studied intraplantar capsaicin injection-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 in spinal dorsal horn neurons (which is a recognized marker of spinal nociceptive processing) in rat during isoflurane or sevoflurane anaesthesia after 60 min under anaesthesia.	Isoflurane	258-268	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	108-149
20038442-8	2010	Further, capsaicin injection into isoflurane-, or sevoflurane-, anaesthetized animals reduced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation induced by the gases alone on both sides.	Isoflurane	34-44	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	94-133
20228895-0	2010	Azi-isoflurane, a Photolabel Analog of the Commonly Used Inhaled General Anesthetic Isoflurane.	Isoflurane	84-94	ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
20228895-3	2010	We report here the synthesis and validation of azi-isoflurane, a compound constructed by adding a diazirinyl moiety to the methyl carbon of the commonly used general anesthetic isoflurane.	Isoflurane	51-61	ornithine decarboxylase antizyme 1	Homo sapiens	47-50
20007710-3	2010	We, therefore, set out to assess whether isoflurane can induce apoptosis by regulating Bcl-2 family proteins, enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and activating the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis.	Isoflurane	41-51	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	87-92
20007710-5	2010	Here we show for the first time that treatment with 2% isoflurane for 6 h can increase pro-apoptotic factor Bax levels, decrease anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 levels, increase ROS accumulation, facilitate cytochrome c release from the mitochondria to the cytosol, induce activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and finally cause apoptosis as compared with the control condition.	Isoflurane	55-65	BCL2-associated X protein	Mus musculus	108-111
20007710-5	2010	Here we show for the first time that treatment with 2% isoflurane for 6 h can increase pro-apoptotic factor Bax levels, decrease anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 levels, increase ROS accumulation, facilitate cytochrome c release from the mitochondria to the cytosol, induce activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and finally cause apoptosis as compared with the control condition.	Isoflurane	55-65	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	151-156
20007710-5	2010	Here we show for the first time that treatment with 2% isoflurane for 6 h can increase pro-apoptotic factor Bax levels, decrease anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 levels, increase ROS accumulation, facilitate cytochrome c release from the mitochondria to the cytosol, induce activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and finally cause apoptosis as compared with the control condition.	Isoflurane	55-65	caspase 9	Mus musculus	283-292
20007710-5	2010	Here we show for the first time that treatment with 2% isoflurane for 6 h can increase pro-apoptotic factor Bax levels, decrease anti-apoptotic factor Bcl-2 levels, increase ROS accumulation, facilitate cytochrome c release from the mitochondria to the cytosol, induce activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and finally cause apoptosis as compared with the control condition.	Isoflurane	55-65	caspase 3	Mus musculus	297-306
20007710-6	2010	We have further found that isoflurane can increase the mRNA levels of Bax and reduce the mRNA levels of Bcl-2.	Isoflurane	27-37	BCL2-associated X protein	Mus musculus	70-73
20007710-6	2010	We have further found that isoflurane can increase the mRNA levels of Bax and reduce the mRNA levels of Bcl-2.	Isoflurane	27-37	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	104-109
20007710-9	2010	These results suggest that isoflurane may induce apoptosis through Bcl-2 family proteins- and ROS-associated mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis.	Isoflurane	27-37	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	67-72
19933527-5	2010	RESULTS: Compared with wild-type controls, NMDA receptor GluRepsilon1 subunit knockout mice displayed larger isoflurane MAC values indicating a resistance to the immobilizing action of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	109-119	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA2A (epsilon 1)	Mus musculus	57-69
19933527-5	2010	RESULTS: Compared with wild-type controls, NMDA receptor GluRepsilon1 subunit knockout mice displayed larger isoflurane MAC values indicating a resistance to the immobilizing action of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	185-195	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA2A (epsilon 1)	Mus musculus	57-69
20234131-3	2010	METHODS AND RESULTS: Isoflurane-mediated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt and induction of HSP70 in human kidney proximal tubule (HK-2) cells were inhibited by dimethylsphingosine (DMS), an SK inhibitor, and VPC23019, an S1P(1/3) receptor selective antagonist, in HK-2 cells.	Isoflurane	21-31	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	60-97
19924847-6	2010	Intermolecular interactions of the model are further probed through simulations of the binding of isoflurane to a binding site in horse spleen apoferritin (HSAF).	Isoflurane	98-108	ferritin heavy chain	Equus caballus	143-154
20234131-3	2010	METHODS AND RESULTS: Isoflurane-mediated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt and induction of HSP70 in human kidney proximal tubule (HK-2) cells were inhibited by dimethylsphingosine (DMS), an SK inhibitor, and VPC23019, an S1P(1/3) receptor selective antagonist, in HK-2 cells.	Isoflurane	21-31	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	99-102
19996950-0	2010	Isoflurane postconditioning protects against reperfusion injury by preventing mitochondrial permeability transition by an endothelial nitric oxide synthase-dependent mechanism.	Isoflurane	0-10	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	122-155
20234131-3	2010	METHODS AND RESULTS: Isoflurane-mediated phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt and induction of HSP70 in human kidney proximal tubule (HK-2) cells were inhibited by dimethylsphingosine (DMS), an SK inhibitor, and VPC23019, an S1P(1/3) receptor selective antagonist, in HK-2 cells.	Isoflurane	21-31	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	108-111
19996950-1	2010	BACKGROUND: The role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in isoflurane postconditioning (IsoPC)-elicited cardioprotection is poorly understood.	Isoflurane	68-78	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	24-57
20234131-4	2010	A selective S1P(1) receptor agonist, SEW2781, mimicked isoflurane-induced phosphorylation of ERK and Akt and induction of HSP70.	Isoflurane	55-65	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	93-96
20234131-4	2010	A selective S1P(1) receptor agonist, SEW2781, mimicked isoflurane-induced phosphorylation of ERK and Akt and induction of HSP70.	Isoflurane	55-65	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	101-104
20234131-4	2010	A selective S1P(1) receptor agonist, SEW2781, mimicked isoflurane-induced phosphorylation of ERK and Akt and induction of HSP70.	Isoflurane	55-65	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4	Homo sapiens	122-127
20234131-7	2010	CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our study demonstrates that S1P released via isoflurane-mediated SK1 stimulation produces direct anti-necrotic effects probably via S1P(1) receptor-mediated cytoprotective signaling (ERK/Akt phosphorylation and HSP70 induction) in HK-2 cells.	Isoflurane	72-82	sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	92-95
20234131-7	2010	CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our study demonstrates that S1P released via isoflurane-mediated SK1 stimulation produces direct anti-necrotic effects probably via S1P(1) receptor-mediated cytoprotective signaling (ERK/Akt phosphorylation and HSP70 induction) in HK-2 cells.	Isoflurane	72-82	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	210-213
20234131-7	2010	CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our study demonstrates that S1P released via isoflurane-mediated SK1 stimulation produces direct anti-necrotic effects probably via S1P(1) receptor-mediated cytoprotective signaling (ERK/Akt phosphorylation and HSP70 induction) in HK-2 cells.	Isoflurane	72-82	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	214-217
20234131-7	2010	CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our study demonstrates that S1P released via isoflurane-mediated SK1 stimulation produces direct anti-necrotic effects probably via S1P(1) receptor-mediated cytoprotective signaling (ERK/Akt phosphorylation and HSP70 induction) in HK-2 cells.	Isoflurane	72-82	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4	Homo sapiens	238-243
20308791-4	2010	We have found that AbetaPP{swe} mice treated with isoflurane have increased mortality, less responsiveness after anesthesia, long lasting reduced exploratory behavior, increased number of TUNEL{+} apoptotic cells, and increased ratio of pro-apoptotic proteins in hippocampus, reduced astroglial and increased microglial responses, increased Abeta aggregates and high molecular weight peptides, abnormal chaperone responses and reduced autophagy.	Isoflurane	50-60	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	19-26
21188076-2	2010	We examined the impact of sevoflurane and isoflurane on the dimerization of human serum albumin (HSA), a protein with anesthetic binding sites that are well characterized.	Isoflurane	42-52	albumin	Homo sapiens	82-95
20308791-4	2010	We have found that AbetaPP{swe} mice treated with isoflurane have increased mortality, less responsiveness after anesthesia, long lasting reduced exploratory behavior, increased number of TUNEL{+} apoptotic cells, and increased ratio of pro-apoptotic proteins in hippocampus, reduced astroglial and increased microglial responses, increased Abeta aggregates and high molecular weight peptides, abnormal chaperone responses and reduced autophagy.	Isoflurane	50-60	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	19-24
20498815-8	2010	RESULTS: Preconditioning with isoflurane increased the iNOS expression when compared to the control group (P < 0.05), whereas pre-treatment with both PDTC and isoflurane significantly decreased the iNOS expression compared to isoflurane-treated group (P < 0.05).	Isoflurane	162-172	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	201-205
20498815-8	2010	RESULTS: Preconditioning with isoflurane increased the iNOS expression when compared to the control group (P < 0.05), whereas pre-treatment with both PDTC and isoflurane significantly decreased the iNOS expression compared to isoflurane-treated group (P < 0.05).	Isoflurane	162-172	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	55-59
20498815-0	2010	Preconditioning of isoflurane on spinal cord ischemia can increase the number of inducible nitric oxide synthase-expressing motor neurons in rat.	Isoflurane	19-29	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	81-112
20498815-3	2010	We investigated the possible relationship between the effect of pre-ischemic isoflurane exposure on mild spinal cord ischemia and the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression by using iNOS-specific antibody and pyrrolidinedithio carbamate (PDTC), NF-kappaB inhibitor, in the ventral horn of spinal cord in rats.	Isoflurane	77-87	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	134-165
20498815-3	2010	We investigated the possible relationship between the effect of pre-ischemic isoflurane exposure on mild spinal cord ischemia and the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression by using iNOS-specific antibody and pyrrolidinedithio carbamate (PDTC), NF-kappaB inhibitor, in the ventral horn of spinal cord in rats.	Isoflurane	77-87	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	167-171
20498815-8	2010	RESULTS: Preconditioning with isoflurane increased the iNOS expression when compared to the control group (P < 0.05), whereas pre-treatment with both PDTC and isoflurane significantly decreased the iNOS expression compared to isoflurane-treated group (P < 0.05).	Isoflurane	30-40	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	55-59
20498815-8	2010	RESULTS: Preconditioning with isoflurane increased the iNOS expression when compared to the control group (P < 0.05), whereas pre-treatment with both PDTC and isoflurane significantly decreased the iNOS expression compared to isoflurane-treated group (P < 0.05).	Isoflurane	162-172	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	55-59
20498815-8	2010	RESULTS: Preconditioning with isoflurane increased the iNOS expression when compared to the control group (P < 0.05), whereas pre-treatment with both PDTC and isoflurane significantly decreased the iNOS expression compared to isoflurane-treated group (P < 0.05).	Isoflurane	162-172	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	201-205
20498815-9	2010	CONCLUSIONS: Pre-ischemic isoflurane exposure was related with increase of the iNOS expression via a pathway modulated by NF-kappaB.	Isoflurane	26-36	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	79-83
20498815-10	2010	iNOS may act as an important mediator of delayed preconditioning with isoflurane for the protective effect against spinal cord ischemia.	Isoflurane	70-80	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
19679170-8	2009	Here, we showed that pretreatment with 1.1% or 2.2% isoflurane, but not with 6% or 12% desflurane, increased Bcl-2 expression in the cerebral cortex, improved neurological functions and reduced infarct volumes evaluated at 24 h after the MCAO.	Isoflurane	52-62	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	109-114
19679170-12	2009	Bcl-2 may be involved in the isoflurane preconditioning effect.	Isoflurane	29-39	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
19388896-0	2009	Isoflurane attenuates pulmonary interleukin-1beta and systemic tumor necrosis factor-alpha following mechanical ventilation in healthy mice.	Isoflurane	0-10	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	32-49
19699183-11	2009	This study shows that PCP disrupts sensory gating in the CA3, DG and mPFC in the isoflurane anaesthetised rat.	Isoflurane	81-91	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
19843789-9	2009	The volatile anesthetics isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane at concentrations from 1% to 3% attenuated the tert-butyl hydroperoxide-reduced EAAT3 activity for L-glutamate and L-cysteine.	Isoflurane	25-35	solute carrier family 1 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	145-150
19843795-13	2009	The expression of iNOS was upregulated by LPS and reduced by isoflurane pretreatment.	Isoflurane	61-71	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	18-22
19762740-2	2009	Because isoflurane affects memory, we tested whether isoflurane interfered with the translocation of CaM to the neuronal cell nucleus and attenuated the formation P-CREB.	Isoflurane	53-63	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	101-104
19762740-2	2009	Because isoflurane affects memory, we tested whether isoflurane interfered with the translocation of CaM to the neuronal cell nucleus and attenuated the formation P-CREB.	Isoflurane	53-63	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	165-169
19762740-10	2009	The increase of P-CREB peaked at depolarization duration of 30 s. The increase in P-CREB formation was inhibited by nitrendipine, but not omega-conotoxin, and by isoflurane in a concentration-dependent fashion.	Isoflurane	162-172	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	18-22
19762740-10	2009	The increase of P-CREB peaked at depolarization duration of 30 s. The increase in P-CREB formation was inhibited by nitrendipine, but not omega-conotoxin, and by isoflurane in a concentration-dependent fashion.	Isoflurane	162-172	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	84-88
19762740-11	2009	Pretreatment with the L-type Ca(2+) channel agonist, Bay K 8644, attenuated the inhibition of P-CREB formation by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	114-124	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	96-100
19762740-13	2009	CaM translocation was inhibited by nitrendipine and attenuated by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	66-76	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
19762740-14	2009	Bay K 8644 pretreatment decreased the isoflurane inhibition of CaM translocation to the nucleus.	Isoflurane	38-48	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	63-66
19762740-15	2009	CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that isoflurane inhibits CaM translocation and P-CREB formation.	Isoflurane	39-49	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	59-62
19762740-15	2009	CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that isoflurane inhibits CaM translocation and P-CREB formation.	Isoflurane	39-49	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	83-87
20016413-5	2009	The 3% isoflurane treatment group showed significantly higher levels of S100beta levels and significantly increased average densities of total caspase-3-positive cells in the CA1 hippocampus and RS cortex compared with the control and the 1.3% isoflurane groups.	Isoflurane	7-17	S100 calcium binding protein B	Rattus norvegicus	72-80
20016413-5	2009	The 3% isoflurane treatment group showed significantly higher levels of S100beta levels and significantly increased average densities of total caspase-3-positive cells in the CA1 hippocampus and RS cortex compared with the control and the 1.3% isoflurane groups.	Isoflurane	7-17	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	143-152
20016413-5	2009	The 3% isoflurane treatment group showed significantly higher levels of S100beta levels and significantly increased average densities of total caspase-3-positive cells in the CA1 hippocampus and RS cortex compared with the control and the 1.3% isoflurane groups.	Isoflurane	7-17	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	175-178
20016413-7	2009	Isoflurane at a concentration of 3% for 1 h increased neurodegeneration in the hippocampal CA1 area and the retrosplenial cortex in the developing brain of fetal rats.	Isoflurane	0-10	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	91-94
19672182-0	2009	Isoflurane inhibits the tetrodotoxin-resistant voltage-gated sodium channel Nav1.8.	Isoflurane	0-10	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 10	Homo sapiens	76-82
19672182-5	2009	RESULTS: From a holding potential of -70 mV, isoflurane (0.53 +/- 0.06 mM, 1.8 minimum alveolar concentration at 24 degrees C) reduced normalized peak Na current (INa) of Nav1.8 to 0.55 +/- 0.03 and of endogenous TTX-s Nav to 0.56 +/- 0.06.	Isoflurane	45-55	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 10	Homo sapiens	171-177
19672182-7	2009	Isoflurane did not affect voltage-dependence of activation, but it significantly shifted voltage-dependence of steady-state inactivation by -6 mV for Nav1.8 and by -7 mV for TTX-s Nav.	Isoflurane	0-10	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 10	Homo sapiens	150-156
19672182-9	2009	Isoflurane produced use-dependent block of Nav1.8; at a stimulation frequency of 10 Hz, 0.56 +/- 0.08 mM isoflurane reduced INa to 0.64 +/- 0.01 versus 0.78 +/- 0.01 for control.	Isoflurane	0-10	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 10	Homo sapiens	43-49
19672182-9	2009	Isoflurane produced use-dependent block of Nav1.8; at a stimulation frequency of 10 Hz, 0.56 +/- 0.08 mM isoflurane reduced INa to 0.64 +/- 0.01 versus 0.78 +/- 0.01 for control.	Isoflurane	105-115	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 10	Homo sapiens	43-49
19672182-10	2009	CONCLUSION: Isoflurane inhibited the tetrodotoxin-resistant isoform Nav1.8 with potency comparable to that for endogenous tetrodotoxin-sensitive Nav isoforms, indicating that sensitivity to inhaled anesthetics is conserved across diverse Nav family members.	Isoflurane	12-22	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 10	Homo sapiens	68-74
19672189-0	2009	Delayed treatment with isoflurane attenuates lipopolysaccharide and interferon gamma-induced activation and injury of mouse microglial cells.	Isoflurane	23-33	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	68-84
19672189-1	2009	BACKGROUND: Isoflurane pretreatment can induce protection against lipopolysaccharide and interferon gamma (IFNgamma)-induced injury and activation of mouse microglial cells.	Isoflurane	12-22	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	89-117
19672189-6	2009	RESULTS: Isoflurane applied 0 and 2 h after the initiation of lipopolysaccharide and IFNgamma stimulation improved cell viability.	Isoflurane	9-19	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	85-93
19672189-7	2009	Isoflurane at 2%, but not at 1 or 3%, reduced the lipopolysaccharide and IFNgamma-induced nitrite production and decreased cell viability.	Isoflurane	0-10	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	73-81
19608811-5	2009	This study was designed to investigate the effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane on CPI-17, MYPT1, and MLC phosphorylation in response to angiotensin II (Ang II) in rat aortic smooth muscle.	Isoflurane	70-80	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 14A	Rattus norvegicus	84-90
19608811-5	2009	This study was designed to investigate the effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane on CPI-17, MYPT1, and MLC phosphorylation in response to angiotensin II (Ang II) in rat aortic smooth muscle.	Isoflurane	70-80	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	138-152
19608811-5	2009	This study was designed to investigate the effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane on CPI-17, MYPT1, and MLC phosphorylation in response to angiotensin II (Ang II) in rat aortic smooth muscle.	Isoflurane	70-80	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	154-160
19608811-7	2009	RESULTS: Ang II (10(-7) M) elicited a transient contraction of rat aortic smooth muscle that was inhibited by both sevoflurane and isoflurane in a concentration-dependent manner.	Isoflurane	131-141	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	9-15
19608811-10	2009	Isoflurane also inhibited MLC phosphorylation in response to Ang II, which was associated with decreases in MYPT1/Thr853, but not in CPI-17.	Isoflurane	0-10	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	61-67
19608811-10	2009	Isoflurane also inhibited MLC phosphorylation in response to Ang II, which was associated with decreases in MYPT1/Thr853, but not in CPI-17.	Isoflurane	0-10	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 12A	Rattus norvegicus	108-113
19765574-3	2009	In the present study, using acute murine brain slice preparations, we compared the effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane on synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity (long-term potentiation, LTP) in the CA1 stratum radiatum of the hippocampus.	Isoflurane	94-104	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	207-210
19741497-6	2009	RESULTS: Treatment with a combination of 70% nitrous oxide and 1% isoflurane for 6 h induced caspase-3 activation and apoptosis in H4 naive cells and primary neurons from naive mice.	Isoflurane	66-76	caspase 3	Mus musculus	93-102
19741497-7	2009	The 70% nitrous oxide plus 1% isoflurane, but neither alone, for 6 h induced caspase-3 activation and apoptosis, and increased levels of beta-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme and Abeta in H4-amyloid precursor protein cells.	Isoflurane	30-40	caspase 3	Mus musculus	77-86
19741497-7	2009	The 70% nitrous oxide plus 1% isoflurane, but neither alone, for 6 h induced caspase-3 activation and apoptosis, and increased levels of beta-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme and Abeta in H4-amyloid precursor protein cells.	Isoflurane	30-40	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	193-198
19741497-8	2009	In addition, the nitrous oxide plus isoflurane-induced Abeta generation was reduced by a broad caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD.	Isoflurane	36-46	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	55-60
19741497-9	2009	Finally, the nitrous oxide plus isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation was attenuated by gamma-secretase inhibitor L-685,458, but potentiated by exogenously added Abeta.	Isoflurane	32-42	caspase 3	Mus musculus	51-60
19741497-9	2009	Finally, the nitrous oxide plus isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation was attenuated by gamma-secretase inhibitor L-685,458, but potentiated by exogenously added Abeta.	Isoflurane	32-42	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	164-169
19741497-10	2009	CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the common anesthetics nitrous oxide plus isoflurane may promote neurotoxicity by inducing apoptosis and increasing Abeta levels.	Isoflurane	81-91	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	155-160
19762740-0	2009	Isoflurane inhibits cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein phosphorylation and calmodulin translocation to the nucleus of SH-SY5Y cells.	Isoflurane	0-10	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	104-114
19672189-9	2009	Chelerythrine and bisindolylmalemide IX, protein kinase C inhibitors, abolished isoflurane effects on cell viability and iNOS expression after lipopolysaccharide and IFNgamma application.	Isoflurane	80-90	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	121-125
19672189-9	2009	Chelerythrine and bisindolylmalemide IX, protein kinase C inhibitors, abolished isoflurane effects on cell viability and iNOS expression after lipopolysaccharide and IFNgamma application.	Isoflurane	80-90	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	166-174
19672189-10	2009	Isoflurane also decreased lipopolysaccharide-induced iNOS expression in mouse brain.	Isoflurane	0-10	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	53-57
19672189-11	2009	Late isoflurane application to microglial cells reduced lipopolysaccharide and IFNgamma-induced lactate dehydrogenase release that was not inhibited by aminoguanidine.	Isoflurane	5-15	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	79-87
19672189-12	2009	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that delayed isoflurane treatment can reduce lipopolysaccharide and IFNgamma-induced activation and injury of microglial cells.	Isoflurane	48-58	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	103-111
19389046-5	2009	Our correlative studies have shown that isoflurane can decrease the paw licking times and simultaneously suppress c-fos expression after injection of formalin in the mice.	Isoflurane	40-50	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	114-119
19332643-0	2009	Crystal structure of isoflurane bound to integrin LFA-1 supports a unified mechanism of volatile anesthetic action in the immune and central nervous systems.	Isoflurane	21-31	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	50-55
19332643-3	2009	One such target, the integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), has been shown previously to be inhibited by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	125-135	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	30-70
19332643-3	2009	One such target, the integrin lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), has been shown previously to be inhibited by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	125-135	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	72-77
19332643-5	2009	Here, we describe the crystal structure of the LFA-1 ligand-binding domain (I domain) in complex with isoflurane at 1.6 A.	Isoflurane	102-112	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	47-52
19332643-6	2009	We discovered that isoflurane binds to an allosteric cavity previously implicated as critical for the transition of LFA-1 from the low- to the high-affinity state.	Isoflurane	19-29	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	116-121
19332643-8	2009	These results suggest that the allosteric modulation of protein function by isoflurane, as demonstrated for the integrin LFA-1, might represent a unified mechanism shared by the interactions of volatile anesthetics with targets in the CNS.	Isoflurane	76-86	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	121-126
19467261-0	2009	Cocaine-induced Fos expression is detectable in the frontal cortex and striatum of rats under isoflurane but not alpha-chloralose anesthesia: implications for FMRI.	Isoflurane	94-104	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
19467261-15	2009	In contrast, isoflurane only partially attenuated Fos expression in the orbital and Cg2 subregions of frontal cortex.	Isoflurane	13-23	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	50-53
19388896-13	2009	CONCLUSIONS: The present study is the first to show that isoflurane attenuates the pulmonary IL-1beta and systemic TNF-alpha response following MV in healthy mice.	Isoflurane	57-67	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	93-101
19388896-13	2009	CONCLUSIONS: The present study is the first to show that isoflurane attenuates the pulmonary IL-1beta and systemic TNF-alpha response following MV in healthy mice.	Isoflurane	57-67	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	115-124
19388896-0	2009	Isoflurane attenuates pulmonary interleukin-1beta and systemic tumor necrosis factor-alpha following mechanical ventilation in healthy mice.	Isoflurane	0-10	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	63-90
19299801-15	2009	CONCLUSIONS: During isoflurane anesthesia, two interventions that increase cerebral arteriolar tone, hypocapnia and the autoregulatory response to increasing ABP, were associated with increased RAP and increased aZFP.	Isoflurane	20-30	LDL receptor related protein associated protein 1	Homo sapiens	194-197
19341822-4	2009	When mice without and with collagen-induced arthritis were pooled, compared to CO2, administration of isoflurane was associated with lower production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha (pg/ml, mean +/- SEM) (26.1 +/- 2.82 versus 48.1 +/- 7.99) and IL-6 (25.18 +/- 2.73 versus 48.1 +/- 6.82) (ANOVA, p < 0.05).	Isoflurane	102-112	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	184-193
19341822-4	2009	When mice without and with collagen-induced arthritis were pooled, compared to CO2, administration of isoflurane was associated with lower production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha (pg/ml, mean +/- SEM) (26.1 +/- 2.82 versus 48.1 +/- 7.99) and IL-6 (25.18 +/- 2.73 versus 48.1 +/- 6.82) (ANOVA, p < 0.05).	Isoflurane	102-112	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	257-261
19578285-1	2009	The purpose of this article was to investigate the effects of sedatives and general anesthetics, such as tiletamine-zolazepam, medetomidine, and isoflurane on the short ERG protocol.	Isoflurane	145-155	ETS transcription factor ERG	Canis lupus familiaris	169-172
19578285-5	2009	The amplitude of ERG recorded in isoflurane (5 +/- 3 microV of a-wave and 12 +/- 6 microV of b-wave under light adaptation; 41 +/- 19 microV of b-wave after 1 min dark adaptation; 28 +/- 15 microV of a-wave and 58 +/- 32 microV of b-wave after 5 min dark adaptation) were significantly different from tiletamine-zolazepam (8 +/- 2 microV of a-wave and 24 +/- 9 microV of b-wave under light adaptation; 117 +/- 44 microV of b-wave after 1 min dark adaptation; 59 +/- 18 microV of a-wave and 140 +/- 42 microV of b-wave after 5 min dark adaptation), except in a-wave after 1 min dark adaptation (39 +/- 13 microV in tiletamine-zolazepam and 34 +/- 17 microV in isoflurane).	Isoflurane	33-43	ETS transcription factor ERG	Canis lupus familiaris	17-20
19352168-10	2009	This neurocognitive deficit was prevented by administration of dexmedetomidine, which also inhibited isoflurane-induced caspase-3 expression in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures in vitro; however, gabazine did not modify this neuroapoptosis.	Isoflurane	101-111	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	120-129
19428507-1	2009	The purpose of this study was to characterize the magnitude and duration of cerebral blood flow (CBF) reduction in the somatosensory cortical region in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) induced by endothelin-1 (ET1) microinjection under isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	258-268	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	218-230
19428507-1	2009	The purpose of this study was to characterize the magnitude and duration of cerebral blood flow (CBF) reduction in the somatosensory cortical region in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) induced by endothelin-1 (ET1) microinjection under isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	258-268	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	232-235
19428507-2	2009	MCAO was induced by microinjection of ET1 proximal to the MCA in 41 isoflurane-anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats.	Isoflurane	68-78	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-41
19428507-9	2009	At the doses studied, ET1-induced ischemia in the presence of isoflurane anesthesia can be used as a minimally invasive but variable model of MCAO.	Isoflurane	62-72	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-25
19293697-10	2009	Isoflurane decreased caspase 9 activity, inhibited proliferation, and decreased the proportion of cells in s-phase.	Isoflurane	0-10	caspase 9	Rattus norvegicus	21-30
19293698-0	2009	Inhibition of p75 neurotrophin receptor attenuates isoflurane-mediated neuronal apoptosis in the neonatal central nervous system.	Isoflurane	51-61	nerve growth factor receptor (TNFR superfamily, member 16)	Mus musculus	14-39
19293698-11	2009	RESULTS: Exposure of neurons in vitro (DIV5) to isoflurane decreased tPA in the culture medium, reduced drebrin expression (marker of dendritic filopodial spines), and enhanced Cl-Csp3.	Isoflurane	48-58	drebrin 1	Mus musculus	104-111
19457551-3	2009	Although N/OFQ itself did not specifically increase CORT levels in males or females of either genotype, injection alone (either vehicle or N/OFQ) or isoflurane exposure both increased CORT levels in all groups.	Isoflurane	149-159	cortistatin	Mus musculus	184-188
19457551-6	2009	In fact, isoflurane exposure alone increased CORT levels above basal values.	Isoflurane	9-19	cortistatin	Mus musculus	45-49
19360326-0	2009	Sevoflurane and isoflurane decrease TNF-alpha-induced gene expression in human monocytic THP-1 cells: potential role of intracellular IkappaBalpha regulation.	Isoflurane	16-26	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	36-45
19360326-3	2009	We, therefore, aimed to investigate the effects of the volatile anesthetics sevoflurane and isoflurane on NF-kappaB/IkappaBalpha-dependent intracellular signal transduction in human monocytic THP-1 cells induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and production of interleukin-8 (IL-8) and downstream heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1).	Isoflurane	92-102	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	116-128
19360326-6	2009	Compared to untreated cells, expression of intracellular HO-1-protein and release of IL-8 into cell culture supernatants and corresponding mRNA expression were attenuated in THP-1 cells exposed to sevoflurane and isoflurane, respectively.	Isoflurane	213-223	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	85-89
19293698-11	2009	RESULTS: Exposure of neurons in vitro (DIV5) to isoflurane decreased tPA in the culture medium, reduced drebrin expression (marker of dendritic filopodial spines), and enhanced Cl-Csp3.	Isoflurane	48-58	regulator of calcineurin 3	Mus musculus	180-184
19189985-9	2009	CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition of hippocampal nAChR-dependent NE release by subanaesthetic concentrations of isoflurane supports a role in IA-induced amnesia.	Isoflurane	102-112	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	39-44
19293698-13	2009	TAT-Pep5 blocked isoflurane-mediated increase in Cl-Csp3 and reduced synapses in PND5-7 mouse hippocampi.	Isoflurane	17-27	regulator of calcineurin 3	Mus musculus	52-56
19293698-14	2009	CONCLUSION: tPA, plasmin, or p75 inhibition blocked isoflurane-mediated reduction in dendritic filopodial spines and neuronal apoptosis in vitro.	Isoflurane	52-62	nerve growth factor receptor (TNFR superfamily, member 16)	Mus musculus	29-32
19293698-15	2009	Isoflurane reduced synapses and enhanced Cl-Csp3 in the hippocampus of PND5-7 mice, the latter effect being mitigated by p75 inhibition in vivo.	Isoflurane	0-10	regulator of calcineurin 3	Mus musculus	44-48
19293698-15	2009	Isoflurane reduced synapses and enhanced Cl-Csp3 in the hippocampus of PND5-7 mice, the latter effect being mitigated by p75 inhibition in vivo.	Isoflurane	0-10	nerve growth factor receptor (TNFR superfamily, member 16)	Mus musculus	121-124
19293698-16	2009	These data support the hypothesis that isoflurane neurotoxicity in the developing rodent brain is mediated by reduced synaptic tPA release and enhanced proBDNF/p75-mediated apoptosis.	Isoflurane	39-49	nerve growth factor receptor (TNFR superfamily, member 16)	Mus musculus	160-163
19225397-0	2009	Role for metallothioneins-I/II in isoflurane preconditioning of primary murine neuronal cultures.	Isoflurane	34-44	metallothionein 1	Mus musculus	9-30
19225397-4	2009	In this study, we assess the role of MT-I/II in mediating isoflurane preconditioning in primary neuronal-glial cultures.	Isoflurane	58-68	metallothionein 1	Mus musculus	37-44
19225397-12	2009	Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction showed MT-I/II messenger RNA were upregulated (approximately 2.5-fold) by isoflurane treatments.	Isoflurane	135-145	metallothionein 1	Mus musculus	68-75
19225397-14	2009	Finally, knockdown and knockout of MT-I/II diminished and abolished isoflurane-mediated protection, respectively.	Isoflurane	68-78	metallothionein 1	Mus musculus	35-42
19225397-15	2009	CONCLUSIONS: MT-I/II play an important role in isoflurane-mediated delayed preconditioning against OGD toxicity of neuronal and glial cells in vitro.	Isoflurane	47-57	metallothionein 1	Mus musculus	13-20
19244689-4	2009	It was shown that pharmacological activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha pathway is organ protective, and recent studies demonstrated that isoflurane and xenon lead to hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha upregulation, which is related to the preconditioning effect of the inhalational anaesthetics.	Isoflurane	150-160	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	52-83
19244689-4	2009	It was shown that pharmacological activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha pathway is organ protective, and recent studies demonstrated that isoflurane and xenon lead to hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha upregulation, which is related to the preconditioning effect of the inhalational anaesthetics.	Isoflurane	150-160	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	179-210
19284971-8	2009	Both null mice exhibit a greater hypotensive response to isoflurane, and autonomic blockage under isoflurane anesthesia leads to premature death of thrombospondin-1 null mice.	Isoflurane	98-108	thrombospondin 1	Mus musculus	148-164
19442086-5	2009	CYP2E1 also plays a key role in the metabolism of isoflurane, sevoflurane, enflurane and desflurane.	Isoflurane	50-60	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
19038845-3	2009	Here, we used patch-clamp recordings to explore the actions of a prototypical volatile anesthetic, isoflurane (Iso), on recombinant human Ca(V)3.1 and Ca(V)3.2 isoforms of T-channels.	Isoflurane	99-109	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 G	Homo sapiens	138-146
19038845-3	2009	Here, we used patch-clamp recordings to explore the actions of a prototypical volatile anesthetic, isoflurane (Iso), on recombinant human Ca(V)3.1 and Ca(V)3.2 isoforms of T-channels.	Isoflurane	99-109	immunoglobulin lambda variable 7-43	Homo sapiens	151-159
19038845-3	2009	Here, we used patch-clamp recordings to explore the actions of a prototypical volatile anesthetic, isoflurane (Iso), on recombinant human Ca(V)3.1 and Ca(V)3.2 isoforms of T-channels.	Isoflurane	111-114	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 G	Homo sapiens	138-146
19038845-3	2009	Here, we used patch-clamp recordings to explore the actions of a prototypical volatile anesthetic, isoflurane (Iso), on recombinant human Ca(V)3.1 and Ca(V)3.2 isoforms of T-channels.	Isoflurane	111-114	immunoglobulin lambda variable 7-43	Homo sapiens	151-159
19193890-7	2009	In addition, isoflurane potently blocked currents in recombinant human Ca(V)2.3 (alpha1E) channels with an IC(50) of 206 +/- 22 mum.	Isoflurane	13-23	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 E	Homo sapiens	71-79
19268000-9	2009	In conclusion, Isoflurane induces ALA-S activity and increased excretion of porphyrin precursors in EPP mice.	Isoflurane	15-25	aminolevulinic acid synthase 1	Mus musculus	34-39
19122672-0	2009	Heme oxygenase-1 mediates the anti-inflammatory effect of isoflurane preconditioning in LPS-stimulated macrophages.	Isoflurane	58-68	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	0-16
19122672-6	2009	Treatment or pretreatment with 2% isoflurane induced HO-1 protein expression and caused an induction of HO activity.	Isoflurane	34-44	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	53-57
19059421-11	2009	The present data suggests that isoflurane anaesthesia induces a hippocampus-specific elevation of NR2B subunit composition, enhances LTP in CA1 neurones, and produces hippocampal-dependent cognitive improvement.	Isoflurane	31-41	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA2B (epsilon 2)	Mus musculus	98-102
19059421-11	2009	The present data suggests that isoflurane anaesthesia induces a hippocampus-specific elevation of NR2B subunit composition, enhances LTP in CA1 neurones, and produces hippocampal-dependent cognitive improvement.	Isoflurane	31-41	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	140-143
19122672-9	2009	CONCLUSION: Isoflurane preconditioning exerts its anti-inflammatory activity through the HO-1 pathway in an in vitro inflammation model.	Isoflurane	12-22	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	89-93
19193890-8	2009	Importantly, in vivo electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings in adult Ca(V)2.3 knock-out mice demonstrated alterations in isoflurane-induced burst-suppression activity.	Isoflurane	123-133	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, R type, alpha 1E subunit	Mus musculus	71-79
19194158-9	2009	Isoflurane increased nitric oxide production in human coronary artery endothelial cells concomitantly with an increase in Hsp90-eNOS interaction (immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry).	Isoflurane	0-10	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	122-127
19151276-8	2009	RESULTS: Clinically relevant and equi-effective concentrations of thiopental and isoflurane depressed CA1 neuron synaptically evoked discharge.	Isoflurane	81-91	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	102-105
19116131-3	2009	Using a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study, we previously demonstrated that at a high concentration (higher than clinically relevant concentrations), the inhaled anesthetics halothane and isoflurane, interact with specific amino acid residues (G29, A30, and I31) and induce Abeta oligomerization.	Isoflurane	192-202	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	278-283
19116131-5	2009	Isoflurane and desflurane induce Abeta oligomerization by inducing chemical shift changes of the critical amino acid residues (G29, A30, and I31), reinforcing the evidence that perturbation of these three crucial residues indeed plays an important role in oligomerization.	Isoflurane	0-10	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	33-38
19247759-8	2009	When compared with the control and intralipid groups, emulsified isoflurane increased Bcl-2 expression while decreasing Bax and Caspase-3 expression and enhancing Bcl-2/Bax ratios.	Isoflurane	65-75	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	86-91
19247759-8	2009	When compared with the control and intralipid groups, emulsified isoflurane increased Bcl-2 expression while decreasing Bax and Caspase-3 expression and enhancing Bcl-2/Bax ratios.	Isoflurane	65-75	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	120-123
19247759-8	2009	When compared with the control and intralipid groups, emulsified isoflurane increased Bcl-2 expression while decreasing Bax and Caspase-3 expression and enhancing Bcl-2/Bax ratios.	Isoflurane	65-75	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	128-137
19247759-8	2009	When compared with the control and intralipid groups, emulsified isoflurane increased Bcl-2 expression while decreasing Bax and Caspase-3 expression and enhancing Bcl-2/Bax ratios.	Isoflurane	65-75	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	163-168
19247759-8	2009	When compared with the control and intralipid groups, emulsified isoflurane increased Bcl-2 expression while decreasing Bax and Caspase-3 expression and enhancing Bcl-2/Bax ratios.	Isoflurane	65-75	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	169-172
19199872-5	2009	Neurons made vulnerable to calcium dysregulation by overexpression of mutated presenilin-1 (PS1) or huntingtin (Q-111) proteins showed enhanced apoptosis upon isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	159-169	presenilin 1	Homo sapiens	78-90
19199872-5	2009	Neurons made vulnerable to calcium dysregulation by overexpression of mutated presenilin-1 (PS1) or huntingtin (Q-111) proteins showed enhanced apoptosis upon isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	159-169	presenilin 1	Homo sapiens	92-95
19199872-5	2009	Neurons made vulnerable to calcium dysregulation by overexpression of mutated presenilin-1 (PS1) or huntingtin (Q-111) proteins showed enhanced apoptosis upon isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	159-169	huntingtin	Homo sapiens	100-110
19194158-10	2009	Pretreatment with Hsp90 inhibitors abolished isoflurane-dependent nitric oxide production and decreased Hsp90-eNOS interactions.	Isoflurane	45-55	heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1	Homo sapiens	18-23
18930717-0	2008	Isoflurane preconditioning activates HIF-1alpha, iNOS and Erk1/2 and protects against oxygen-glucose deprivation neuronal injury.	Isoflurane	0-10	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	37-47
19270357-0	2009	[Isoflurane preconditioning decreases the plasma concentration of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and protects myocardium against cardiopulmonary bypass in cardiac valve replacement].	Isoflurane	1-11	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	66-92
19270357-1	2009	OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of isoflurane preconditioning on the plasma concentration of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and myocardial ultramicrostructure in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement.	Isoflurane	36-46	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	94-126
19270357-8	2009	The mean MMP-9 level was significantly reduced in the isoflurane group at T(2) compared with each time point in the control group.	Isoflurane	54-64	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	9-14
19270357-9	2009	The difference in MMP-9 levels between T(1), T(2), T(3) and T(0) was significantly lower in the isoflurane group than that in the control group (P<0.01).	Isoflurane	96-106	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	18-23
19270357-11	2009	CONCLUSION: The plasma concentration of MMP-9 is inhibited by isoflurane preconditioning in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement after CPB, which might be part of its protective mechanism against myocardium injury after CPB.	Isoflurane	62-72	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	40-45
19032555-0	2009	Isoflurane attenuates dynorphin-induced cytotoxicity and downregulation of Bcl-2 expression in differentiated neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.	Isoflurane	0-10	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	75-80
18948126-2	2009	A mutant mouse was engineered to harbor two amino acid substitutions (S270H, L277A) in the GABA(A) receptor (GABA(A)-R) alpha1 subunit; this mutation abolished sensitivity to the volatile anesthetic isoflurane in recombinant GABA(A)-Rs, and reduced in vivo sensitivity to isoflurane in the loss-of-righting-reflex assay.	Isoflurane	199-209	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 2	Mus musculus	91-107
18948126-2	2009	A mutant mouse was engineered to harbor two amino acid substitutions (S270H, L277A) in the GABA(A) receptor (GABA(A)-R) alpha1 subunit; this mutation abolished sensitivity to the volatile anesthetic isoflurane in recombinant GABA(A)-Rs, and reduced in vivo sensitivity to isoflurane in the loss-of-righting-reflex assay.	Isoflurane	199-209	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit alpha 1	Mus musculus	109-126
18948126-2	2009	A mutant mouse was engineered to harbor two amino acid substitutions (S270H, L277A) in the GABA(A) receptor (GABA(A)-R) alpha1 subunit; this mutation abolished sensitivity to the volatile anesthetic isoflurane in recombinant GABA(A)-Rs, and reduced in vivo sensitivity to isoflurane in the loss-of-righting-reflex assay.	Isoflurane	272-282	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 2	Mus musculus	91-107
18948126-2	2009	A mutant mouse was engineered to harbor two amino acid substitutions (S270H, L277A) in the GABA(A) receptor (GABA(A)-R) alpha1 subunit; this mutation abolished sensitivity to the volatile anesthetic isoflurane in recombinant GABA(A)-Rs, and reduced in vivo sensitivity to isoflurane in the loss-of-righting-reflex assay.	Isoflurane	272-282	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit alpha 1	Mus musculus	109-126
18948126-8	2009	Consistent with this observation, isoflurane inhibited both tonic action potential and rebound burst firing in the presence of GABA(A)-R blockade.	Isoflurane	34-44	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 2	Mus musculus	127-136
18948126-10	2009	We conclude that isoflurane enhances inhibition of thalamic neurons in VB via GABA(A)-R-dependent, but in RTN via GABA(A)-R-independent, mechanisms.	Isoflurane	17-27	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 2	Mus musculus	78-87
18948126-10	2009	We conclude that isoflurane enhances inhibition of thalamic neurons in VB via GABA(A)-R-dependent, but in RTN via GABA(A)-R-independent, mechanisms.	Isoflurane	17-27	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 2	Mus musculus	114-123
18971302-0	2009	Subunit-specific effects of isoflurane on neuronal Ih in HCN1 knockout mice.	Isoflurane	28-38	hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 1	Mus musculus	57-61
18971302-4	2009	Inhibition of Ih by isoflurane previously attributed to HCN1 subunit-containing channels (i.e., a hyperpolarizing shift in half-activation voltage [V1/2]) was absent in neurons from HCN1 knockout animals; the remaining inhibition of current amplitude could be attributed to effects on residual HCN2 channels.	Isoflurane	20-30	hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 1	Mus musculus	56-60
18971302-4	2009	Inhibition of Ih by isoflurane previously attributed to HCN1 subunit-containing channels (i.e., a hyperpolarizing shift in half-activation voltage [V1/2]) was absent in neurons from HCN1 knockout animals; the remaining inhibition of current amplitude could be attributed to effects on residual HCN2 channels.	Isoflurane	20-30	hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 1	Mus musculus	182-186
18971302-4	2009	Inhibition of Ih by isoflurane previously attributed to HCN1 subunit-containing channels (i.e., a hyperpolarizing shift in half-activation voltage [V1/2]) was absent in neurons from HCN1 knockout animals; the remaining inhibition of current amplitude could be attributed to effects on residual HCN2 channels.	Isoflurane	20-30	hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated K+ 2	Mus musculus	294-298
18971302-5	2009	We also found that isoflurane increased temporal summation of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in cortical neurons from wild-type mice; this effect was predicted by simulation of anesthetic-induced dendritic Ih inhibition, which also revealed more prominent summation accompanying shifts in V1/2 (an HCN1-like effect) than decreased current amplitude (an HCN2-like effect).	Isoflurane	19-29	hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 1	Mus musculus	310-314
18971302-5	2009	We also found that isoflurane increased temporal summation of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) in cortical neurons from wild-type mice; this effect was predicted by simulation of anesthetic-induced dendritic Ih inhibition, which also revealed more prominent summation accompanying shifts in V1/2 (an HCN1-like effect) than decreased current amplitude (an HCN2-like effect).	Isoflurane	19-29	hyperpolarization-activated, cyclic nucleotide-gated K+ 2	Mus musculus	365-369
18930717-0	2008	Isoflurane preconditioning activates HIF-1alpha, iNOS and Erk1/2 and protects against oxygen-glucose deprivation neuronal injury.	Isoflurane	0-10	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	49-53
18930717-0	2008	Isoflurane preconditioning activates HIF-1alpha, iNOS and Erk1/2 and protects against oxygen-glucose deprivation neuronal injury.	Isoflurane	0-10	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	58-64
18930717-7	2008	Isoflurane accumulated phosphorylation/activation of extracellular signal-related kinases 1 and 2 (Erk1/2) and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha, a transcription factor involved in cell survival.	Isoflurane	0-10	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	99-105
18930717-7	2008	Isoflurane accumulated phosphorylation/activation of extracellular signal-related kinases 1 and 2 (Erk1/2) and hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha, a transcription factor involved in cell survival.	Isoflurane	0-10	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	111-148
18930717-8	2008	Inhibition of the phospho-Erk1/2 partially abolished the isoflurane preconditioning-induced HIF-1alpha protein content accumulation and neuroprotection.	Isoflurane	57-67	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	26-32
18930717-8	2008	Inhibition of the phospho-Erk1/2 partially abolished the isoflurane preconditioning-induced HIF-1alpha protein content accumulation and neuroprotection.	Isoflurane	57-67	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	92-102
18930717-9	2008	Isoflurane also increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA levels, a downstream gene of HIF-1alpha.	Isoflurane	0-10	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	26-57
18930717-9	2008	Isoflurane also increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA levels, a downstream gene of HIF-1alpha.	Isoflurane	0-10	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	59-63
18930717-9	2008	Isoflurane also increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mRNA levels, a downstream gene of HIF-1alpha.	Isoflurane	0-10	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	99-109
18930717-10	2008	Thus, the current results indicate that isoflurane preconditioning activates HIF-1alpha during protection against OGD neuronal injury and the activation might be partly mediated by the Erk1/2 pathway.	Isoflurane	40-50	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	77-87
18930717-10	2008	Thus, the current results indicate that isoflurane preconditioning activates HIF-1alpha during protection against OGD neuronal injury and the activation might be partly mediated by the Erk1/2 pathway.	Isoflurane	40-50	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	185-191
19006075-3	2008	The commonly used inhalation anesthetic isoflurane has previously been reported to induce apoptosis, and to increase levels and aggregation of Alzheimer"s disease-associated amyloid beta-protein (Abeta) in cultured cells.	Isoflurane	40-50	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	196-201
19006075-6	2008	RESULTS: Here we show for the first time that a clinically relevant isoflurane anesthesia (1.4% isoflurane for 2 hours) leads to caspase activation and modest increases in levels of BACE 6 hours after anesthesia in mouse brain.	Isoflurane	68-78	beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1	Mus musculus	182-186
19006075-6	2008	RESULTS: Here we show for the first time that a clinically relevant isoflurane anesthesia (1.4% isoflurane for 2 hours) leads to caspase activation and modest increases in levels of BACE 6 hours after anesthesia in mouse brain.	Isoflurane	96-106	beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1	Mus musculus	182-186
19006075-7	2008	Isoflurane anesthesia induces caspase activation, and increases levels of BACE and Abeta up to 24 hours after anesthesia.	Isoflurane	0-10	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	74-78
19006075-7	2008	Isoflurane anesthesia induces caspase activation, and increases levels of BACE and Abeta up to 24 hours after anesthesia.	Isoflurane	0-10	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	83-88
19006075-8	2008	Isoflurane may increase BACE levels by reducing BACE degradation.	Isoflurane	0-10	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	24-28
19006075-8	2008	Isoflurane may increase BACE levels by reducing BACE degradation.	Isoflurane	0-10	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	48-52
19006075-9	2008	Moreover, the Abeta aggregation inhibitor, clioquinol, was able to attenuate isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation in vivo.	Isoflurane	77-87	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	96-105
18648381-5	2008	Infarct volume at 72 h after transient focal ischemia (90 mins) in isoflurane-anesthetized mice was attenuated in both sexes with alpha-Syn deletion as compared with their wild-type (WT) counterparts.	Isoflurane	67-77	joined toes	Mus musculus	136-139
18708587-2	2008	We have demonstrated that the widely used volatile anesthetic isoflurane blocks the activation-dependent conformational conversion of integrin lymphocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), the major leukocyte cell adhesion molecule, to a high-affinity configuration.	Isoflurane	62-72	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	143-183
18708587-2	2008	We have demonstrated that the widely used volatile anesthetic isoflurane blocks the activation-dependent conformational conversion of integrin lymphocyte function associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), the major leukocyte cell adhesion molecule, to a high-affinity configuration.	Isoflurane	62-72	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	185-190
18708587-3	2008	Perturbation of LFA-1 activation by isoflurane at clinically relevant concentrations leads to the inhibition of T-cell interactions with target cells as well as ligand-triggered intracellular signaling.	Isoflurane	36-46	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	16-21
18708587-4	2008	Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals that isoflurane binds within a cavity in the LFA-1 ligand-binding domain, which is a previously identified drug-binding site for allosteric small-molecule antagonists that stabilize LFA-1 in a low-affinity conformation.	Isoflurane	53-63	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	93-98
18708587-4	2008	Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals that isoflurane binds within a cavity in the LFA-1 ligand-binding domain, which is a previously identified drug-binding site for allosteric small-molecule antagonists that stabilize LFA-1 in a low-affinity conformation.	Isoflurane	53-63	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	230-235
18782655-3	2008	Recent researches have indicated that a clinically relevant isoflurane treatment may induce neurodegeneration and apoptosis by activating the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)) receptor, producing excessive calcium release from ER to the cytoplasm and triggering apoptosis.	Isoflurane	60-70	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3	Homo sapiens	208-223
18689441-5	2008	Clinically relevant concentrations of isoflurane, sevoflurane, enflurane, and desflurane sensitize TRPV1 to capsaicin and protons and reduce the threshold for heat activation.	Isoflurane	38-48	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Homo sapiens	99-104
18473171-4	2008	We thus tested a hypothesis that isoflurane inhibits PKCgamma and CaMKII-alpha translocation after ischemic brain insults.	Isoflurane	33-43	protein kinase C, gamma	Mus musculus	53-61
18473171-8	2008	PKCgamma and CaMKII-alpha are translocated to synaptic membrane from cytosol by cerebral ischemia, although isoflurane significantly inhibited such translocation.	Isoflurane	108-118	protein kinase C, gamma	Mus musculus	0-8
18784475-2	2008	RECENT FINDINGS: In regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) studies with isoflurane and sevoflurane, there is a consistent pattern of rise in rCBF in the anterior cingulate cortex and insula while the thalamus, lingual cortex and cerebellum show a decrease in rCBF, in a dose range of 0.2-1 minimum alveolar concentration.	Isoflurane	69-79	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	50-54
18784475-2	2008	RECENT FINDINGS: In regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) studies with isoflurane and sevoflurane, there is a consistent pattern of rise in rCBF in the anterior cingulate cortex and insula while the thalamus, lingual cortex and cerebellum show a decrease in rCBF, in a dose range of 0.2-1 minimum alveolar concentration.	Isoflurane	69-79	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	138-142
18784475-2	2008	RECENT FINDINGS: In regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) studies with isoflurane and sevoflurane, there is a consistent pattern of rise in rCBF in the anterior cingulate cortex and insula while the thalamus, lingual cortex and cerebellum show a decrease in rCBF, in a dose range of 0.2-1 minimum alveolar concentration.	Isoflurane	69-79	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	138-142
18637015-3	2008	Immunocytochemistry and histochemistry were performed to determine the effects of emulsified isoflurane on formalin-induced changes in Fos-like immunoreactive (Fos-LI)- and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphatediaphorase (NADPH-d)-positive neurons, respectively.	Isoflurane	93-103	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	135-138
18637015-3	2008	Immunocytochemistry and histochemistry were performed to determine the effects of emulsified isoflurane on formalin-induced changes in Fos-like immunoreactive (Fos-LI)- and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphatediaphorase (NADPH-d)-positive neurons, respectively.	Isoflurane	93-103	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	160-163
18689441-6	2008	Furthermore, isoflurane directly activates TRPV1 after stimulation of protein kinase C. Likewise, isoflurane excites TRPV1 and sensory neurons during concomitant application of bradykinin, a key inflammatory mediator formed during tissue injury.	Isoflurane	13-23	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Homo sapiens	43-48
18689441-6	2008	Furthermore, isoflurane directly activates TRPV1 after stimulation of protein kinase C. Likewise, isoflurane excites TRPV1 and sensory neurons during concomitant application of bradykinin, a key inflammatory mediator formed during tissue injury.	Isoflurane	13-23	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Homo sapiens	117-122
18689441-6	2008	Furthermore, isoflurane directly activates TRPV1 after stimulation of protein kinase C. Likewise, isoflurane excites TRPV1 and sensory neurons during concomitant application of bradykinin, a key inflammatory mediator formed during tissue injury.	Isoflurane	13-23	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	177-187
18689441-6	2008	Furthermore, isoflurane directly activates TRPV1 after stimulation of protein kinase C. Likewise, isoflurane excites TRPV1 and sensory neurons during concomitant application of bradykinin, a key inflammatory mediator formed during tissue injury.	Isoflurane	98-108	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Homo sapiens	43-48
18689441-6	2008	Furthermore, isoflurane directly activates TRPV1 after stimulation of protein kinase C. Likewise, isoflurane excites TRPV1 and sensory neurons during concomitant application of bradykinin, a key inflammatory mediator formed during tissue injury.	Isoflurane	98-108	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Homo sapiens	117-122
18689441-6	2008	Furthermore, isoflurane directly activates TRPV1 after stimulation of protein kinase C. Likewise, isoflurane excites TRPV1 and sensory neurons during concomitant application of bradykinin, a key inflammatory mediator formed during tissue injury.	Isoflurane	98-108	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	177-187
18441091-5	2008	Pulmonary inflammation was induced in male B6C3F1 mice by intratracheal administration of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha under isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	119-129	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	90-98
18713898-7	2008	RESULTS: All seven surfactants, isoflurane, and ethanol enhanced GABA(A) receptor function.	Isoflurane	32-42	GABA(A) receptor-associated protein L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	65-72
18713898-9	2008	Six of seven surfactants, isoflurane, and ethanol inhibited NMDA receptor function.	Isoflurane	26-36	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	60-73
18708911-5	2008	Exposure to 60 min of 2.1% isoflurane inhalation with oxygen 24 h before ischemia significantly reduced I/R-induced myocardial infarct size that was associated with overexpression of iNOS protein and increased NO content in the heart.	Isoflurane	27-37	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	183-187
18708911-7	2008	Isoflurane exposure also evoked a robust increase in myocardial NO content, followed by nucleus-bound translocation of p65 or p50 subunit of NF-kappaB and increase in NF-kappaB DNA-binding activity in heart tissues.	Isoflurane	0-10	synaptotagmin 1	Rattus norvegicus	119-122
18708911-9	2008	We conclude that NO generated immediately after isoflurane exposure triggers downstream activation of NF-kappaB, resulting in subsequent upregulation of iNOS expression and NO synthesis that mediate APC-induced delayed cardioprotection.	Isoflurane	48-58	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	153-157
18776993-0	2008	Up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 by isoflurane preconditioning during tolerance against neuronal injury induced by oxygen glucose deprivation.	Isoflurane	37-47	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	17-33
18776993-5	2008	Recently, isoflurane has been shown to up-regulate HO-1 in the liver.	Isoflurane	10-20	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	51-55
18776993-7	2008	Further study by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis showed that isoflurane preconditioning significantly increases HO-1 expression in oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced neuronal injury.	Isoflurane	103-113	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	154-158
18776993-9	2008	These findings indicated that the neuroprotective role of isoflurane preconditioning against OGD-induced injury might be associated with its role in up-regulating HO-1 in ischemic neurons.	Isoflurane	58-68	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	163-167
18700008-4	2008	METHODS: We used 30-40 MHz ultrasound to quantify embryonic and placental morphometry in isoflurane-anesthetized pregnant CD-1 mice from embryonic day 7.5 (E7.5) to E18.5 (full-term), and for C57Bl/6J, B6CBAF1, and hIGFBP1 pregnant transgenic mice at E17.5.	Isoflurane	89-99	CD1 antigen complex	Mus musculus	122-126
18441091-5	2008	Pulmonary inflammation was induced in male B6C3F1 mice by intratracheal administration of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha under isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	119-129	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	103-112
18580536-13	2008	CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that both ketamine and isoflurane diminish the systemic inflammatory response to LPS in the rat as measured by serum cytokines and a reduced IL-6/IL-10 ratio.	Isoflurane	56-66	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	174-178
18339214-0	2008	The effects of isoflurane on adrenomedullin-induced haemodynamic responses in pithed rats.	Isoflurane	15-25	adrenomedullin	Rattus norvegicus	29-43
18339214-3	2008	Previously, we reported that sevoflurane and isoflurane inhibit CGRP-induced haemodynamic responses.	Isoflurane	45-55	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	64-68
18339214-5	2008	We hypothesized that the volatile anaesthetic isoflurane inhibits adrenomedullin-induced haemodynamic responses.	Isoflurane	46-56	adrenomedullin	Rattus norvegicus	66-80
18339214-6	2008	We studied the effects of isoflurane on adrenomedullin-induced haemodynamic responses in pithed rats, which enables us to evaluate the direct cardiovascular effects of drugs without interference from centrally mediated circulatory reflexes.	Isoflurane	26-36	adrenomedullin	Rattus norvegicus	40-54
18339214-13	2008	CONCLUSION: Isoflurane inhibits adrenomedullin-induced vasodilation and positive inotropic effect in pithed rats.	Isoflurane	12-22	adrenomedullin	Rattus norvegicus	32-46
18339214-14	2008	Isoflurane might inhibit the adrenomedullin receptor-mediated response, which is a common pathway for both actions.	Isoflurane	0-10	G protein-coupled receptor 182	Rattus norvegicus	29-52
18339646-7	2008	K+ outward currents displaying the characteristics of TREK-1 were observed following various TREK-1-activating stimuli such as membrane stretch, intracellular acidosis, polyunsaturated fatty acids, isoflurane (ISOFL), riluzole, and acetylcholine (ACh).	Isoflurane	198-208	potassium channel, subfamily K, member 2	Mus musculus	54-60
18339646-7	2008	K+ outward currents displaying the characteristics of TREK-1 were observed following various TREK-1-activating stimuli such as membrane stretch, intracellular acidosis, polyunsaturated fatty acids, isoflurane (ISOFL), riluzole, and acetylcholine (ACh).	Isoflurane	210-215	potassium channel, subfamily K, member 2	Mus musculus	54-60
18339646-9	2008	TREK-1-mediated vasodilator responses to alpha-linolenic acid, ISOFL, or ACh were increased.	Isoflurane	63-68	potassium channel, subfamily K, member 2	Mus musculus	0-6
18580536-13	2008	CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that both ketamine and isoflurane diminish the systemic inflammatory response to LPS in the rat as measured by serum cytokines and a reduced IL-6/IL-10 ratio.	Isoflurane	56-66	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	179-184
18355806-0	2008	Isoflurane preconditioning increases B-cell lymphoma-2 expression and reduces cytochrome c release from the mitochondria in the ischemic penumbra of rat brain.	Isoflurane	0-10	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	37-54
18495358-0	2008	Isoflurane preconditioning reduces mouse microglial activation and injury induced by lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma.	Isoflurane	0-10	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	108-124
18495358-6	2008	Isoflurane preconditioning attenuated these LPS plus IFNgamma effects on the iNOS expression and nitrite accumulation.	Isoflurane	0-10	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	77-81
18495358-8	2008	Isoflurane preconditioning also reduced LPS plus IFNgamma-induced glutamate release.	Isoflurane	0-10	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	49-57
18495358-11	2008	These results suggest that LPS plus IFNgamma activates the iNOS-nitric oxide-glutamate pathway to induce microglial injury and that this activation is attenuated by isoflurane preconditioning.	Isoflurane	165-175	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	36-44
18495358-11	2008	These results suggest that LPS plus IFNgamma activates the iNOS-nitric oxide-glutamate pathway to induce microglial injury and that this activation is attenuated by isoflurane preconditioning.	Isoflurane	165-175	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	59-63
18499598-6	2008	RESULTS: Isoflurane plus nitrous oxide increased the numbers of caspase-3 positive neurons in the spinal cord (P < 0.01).	Isoflurane	9-19	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	64-73
18355806-7	2008	Isoflurane increased the expression of the antiapoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) proteins in the cerebral cortex of rats without brain ischemia.	Isoflurane	0-10	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	57-74
18355806-7	2008	Isoflurane increased the expression of the antiapoptotic B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) proteins in the cerebral cortex of rats without brain ischemia.	Isoflurane	0-10	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	76-81
18355806-8	2008	Rats preconditioned with isoflurane before brain ischemia had increased Bcl-2 expression in the penumbra.	Isoflurane	25-35	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	72-77
18355806-9	2008	Isoflurane preconditioning reduced the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria and the activation of caspase 3 in the penumbra.	Isoflurane	0-10	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	107-116
18355806-11	2008	Our results suggest that isoflurane preconditioning increases Bcl-2 expression to block the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to decrease the cell apoptosis in the penumbra.	Isoflurane	25-35	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	62-67
18419719-0	2008	Isoflurane attenuates myoglobin release during ischemic and/or reperfusion periods.	Isoflurane	0-10	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: myoglobin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	22-31
18419719-12	2008	These increments in dialysate myoglobin levels were suppressed by repeated exposure to isoflurane.	Isoflurane	87-97	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: myoglobin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	30-39
18419719-13	2008	CONCLUSION: Repeated exposure to isoflurane suppressed myocardial myoglobin release caused by both ischemia and reperfusion injury.	Isoflurane	33-43	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: myoglobin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	66-75
18349187-8	2008	RESULTS: While desflurane had no effect, sevoflurane and isoflurane induced p38 phosphorylation with sevoflurane inducing p38 kinase activity.	Isoflurane	57-67	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	76-79
18288650-7	2008	Administration of isoflurane, an anesthetic which is metabolized by CYP2E1, increased the production of *OH in the SN, as measured by the transformation of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid to 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid during local perfusion compared with animals given other anesthetics.	Isoflurane	18-28	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-74
18434534-0	2008	Isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation is dependent on cytosolic calcium and can be attenuated by memantine.	Isoflurane	0-10	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	19-28
18434534-2	2008	We reported that anesthetic isoflurane can induce apoptosis, alter processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), and increase amyloid-beta protein (Abeta) generation.	Isoflurane	28-38	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	153-158
18434534-4	2008	We therefore set out to assess effects of extracellular calcium concentration on isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation in H4 human neuroglioma cells stably transfected to express human full-length APP (H4-APP cells).	Isoflurane	81-91	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	100-109
18434534-8	2008	Memantine (4 microM) inhibited isoflurane-induced elevations in cytosolic calcium levels and attenuated isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation, apoptosis, and cell viability.	Isoflurane	104-114	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	123-132
18434534-10	2008	reduced isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation in brain tissue of naive mice.	Isoflurane	8-18	caspase 3	Mus musculus	27-36
18434534-12	2008	We also show for the first time that the NMDA receptor partial antagonist, memantine, can prevent isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation and apoptosis in vivo and in vitro.	Isoflurane	98-108	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	117-126
18382663-11	2008	In addition, isoflurane down-regulated a panel of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, as well as proteins known to be active in cell migration and chemotaxis (i.e., CRAMP and cofilin-1).	Isoflurane	13-23	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Mus musculus	172-177
18382663-11	2008	In addition, isoflurane down-regulated a panel of pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, as well as proteins known to be active in cell migration and chemotaxis (i.e., CRAMP and cofilin-1).	Isoflurane	13-23	cofilin 1, non-muscle	Mus musculus	182-191
18349187-12	2008	Isoflurane- and sevoflurane-mediated caspase-3 processing and apoptosis could not be abolished by pretreatment with the specific p38 inhibitors SB202190 and SB203580.	Isoflurane	0-10	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	37-46
18349187-12	2008	Isoflurane- and sevoflurane-mediated caspase-3 processing and apoptosis could not be abolished by pretreatment with the specific p38 inhibitors SB202190 and SB203580.	Isoflurane	0-10	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	129-132
18349187-8	2008	RESULTS: While desflurane had no effect, sevoflurane and isoflurane induced p38 phosphorylation with sevoflurane inducing p38 kinase activity.	Isoflurane	57-67	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	122-125
18218685-10	2008	Isoflurane induced nuclear translocation of HIF1alpha in all hearts, but CREB was exclusively activated in healthy but not remodelled myocardium, which expressed higher levels of the CREB antagonist ICER.	Isoflurane	0-10	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	44-53
18218685-10	2008	Isoflurane induced nuclear translocation of HIF1alpha in all hearts, but CREB was exclusively activated in healthy but not remodelled myocardium, which expressed higher levels of the CREB antagonist ICER.	Isoflurane	0-10	cAMP responsive element modulator	Rattus norvegicus	199-203
18292428-12	2008	CONCLUSION: These findings support the hypothesis that the compounds studied modulate GABA(A) or glycine receptors by a mechanism similar to that of isoflurane and ethanol.	Isoflurane	149-159	GABA(A) receptor-associated protein L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	86-93
18349210-0	2008	Suppression of noxious-induced c-fos expression in the rat lumbar spinal cord by isoflurane alone or combined with fentanyl.	Isoflurane	81-91	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	31-36
18349210-3	2008	Since the anesthetic mechanisms differ between inhaled anesthetics and opioids, we evaluated the differential effects of isoflurane and fentanyl on c-fos expression at the lumbar level as a measure of nociceptive information transfer during general anesthesia.	Isoflurane	121-131	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	148-153
18349210-6	2008	RESULTS: The main suppressive effects on lumbar c-fos expression of isoflurane were observed in the superficial lamina II (P = 0.02), whereas fentanyl showed the strongest effects in lamina V (P = 0.05).	Isoflurane	68-78	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	48-53
18292679-0	2008	Isoflurane preconditioning decreases myocardial infarction in rabbits via up-regulation of hypoxia inducible factor 1 that is mediated by mammalian target of rapamycin.	Isoflurane	0-10	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	91-117
18292679-0	2008	Isoflurane preconditioning decreases myocardial infarction in rabbits via up-regulation of hypoxia inducible factor 1 that is mediated by mammalian target of rapamycin.	Isoflurane	0-10	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	138-167
18312143-0	2008	Physiologic responses and plasma endothelin-1 concentrations associated with abrupt cessation of nitric oxide inhalation in isoflurane-anesthetized horses.	Isoflurane	124-134	endothelin 1	Equus caballus	33-45
18292679-10	2008	HIF-1alpha protein expression and DNA binding activity increased after isoflurane preconditioning compared with the ischemia group.	Isoflurane	71-81	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	0-10
18094320-5	2008	These isoflurane-evoked currents reversed polarity close to the Cl(-) equilibrium potential and were totally blocked by the GABA(A)-R antagonist gabazine.	Isoflurane	6-16	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 2	Mus musculus	124-133
18292679-12	2008	CONCLUSIONS: The current results indicate that isoflurane-induced myocardial protection involves activation of the HIF-1 pathway that is mediated by the mammalian target of rapamycin.	Isoflurane	47-57	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	115-120
18292679-12	2008	CONCLUSIONS: The current results indicate that isoflurane-induced myocardial protection involves activation of the HIF-1 pathway that is mediated by the mammalian target of rapamycin.	Isoflurane	47-57	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	153-182
18292680-12	2008	A loss-of-function mutation of the Apaf-1 homolog CED-4 blocked the preconditioning effect of isoflurane, but mutation of the downstream caspase CED-3 did not.	Isoflurane	94-104	Cell death protein 4	Caenorhabditis elegans	50-55
18224701-3	2008	In isoflurane-anesthetized adult rat brain the unidirectional, pseudo first-order rate constant of this exchange in the dehydration direction was determined to be 0.47 +/- 0.05 sec(-1) following intravenous infusion of uniformly 13C-labeled glucose for labeling bicarbonate.	Isoflurane	3-13	secretory blood group 1	Rattus norvegicus	177-183
18094320-8	2008	In addition, isoflurane directly activated alpha(4)beta(2)delta GABA(A)-Rs expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells, and it was more potent at alpha(4)beta(2)delta than at alpha(1)beta(2)gamma(2) receptors (the presumptive extrasynaptic and synaptic GABA(A)-R subtypes in VB neurons).	Isoflurane	13-23	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 2	Mus musculus	64-73
18278471-3	2008	Alzheimer"s presenilin-1 (PS1) mutation increased activity of IP3 receptors and therefore rendered cells vulnerable to isoflurane-induced cytotoxicity.	Isoflurane	119-129	presenilin 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-24
18212564-0	2008	Intermitted pharmacologic pretreatment by xenon, isoflurane, nitrous oxide, and the opioid morphine prevents tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced adhesion molecule expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells.	Isoflurane	49-59	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	109-136
18212570-3	2008	METHODS: The authors determined isoflurane-induced cytotoxicity by measuring caspase-3 activity, lactate dehydrogenase release, MTS (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt) reduction, and imaging analysis of cell damage markers (annexin V and propidium iodide staining) in different cell types.	Isoflurane	32-42	caspase 3	Gallus gallus	77-86
18212570-8	2008	Isoflurane induced significantly more neurotoxicity and greater calcium release from the ER in L286V PC12 and Q111 Huntingtin striatal cells than in their corresponding wild-type controls, both of which were significantly inhibited by the IP3 receptor antagonist xestospongin C. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that isoflurane activates the ER membrane IP3 receptor, producing excessive calcium release and triggering apoptosis.	Isoflurane	0-10	inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor 3	Mus musculus	239-251
18212570-8	2008	Isoflurane induced significantly more neurotoxicity and greater calcium release from the ER in L286V PC12 and Q111 Huntingtin striatal cells than in their corresponding wild-type controls, both of which were significantly inhibited by the IP3 receptor antagonist xestospongin C. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that isoflurane activates the ER membrane IP3 receptor, producing excessive calcium release and triggering apoptosis.	Isoflurane	0-10	inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor 3	Mus musculus	356-368
18212570-8	2008	Isoflurane induced significantly more neurotoxicity and greater calcium release from the ER in L286V PC12 and Q111 Huntingtin striatal cells than in their corresponding wild-type controls, both of which were significantly inhibited by the IP3 receptor antagonist xestospongin C. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that isoflurane activates the ER membrane IP3 receptor, producing excessive calcium release and triggering apoptosis.	Isoflurane	319-329	inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor 3	Mus musculus	239-251
18212570-9	2008	Neurons with enhanced IP3 receptor activity, as in certain cases of familial Alzheimer or Huntington disease, may be especially vulnerable to isoflurane cytotoxicity.	Isoflurane	142-152	inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor 3	Mus musculus	22-34
18227305-0	2008	A presenilin-1 mutation renders neurons vulnerable to isoflurane toxicity.	Isoflurane	54-64	presenilin 1	Rattus norvegicus	2-14
18227305-3	2008	A presenilin-1 (PS1) mutation associated with familial Alzheimer"s disease was shown to increase the activity of IP3 receptors, and therefore may render cells vulnerable to isoflurane-induced cytotoxicity.	Isoflurane	173-183	presenilin 1	Rattus norvegicus	2-14
18227305-3	2008	A presenilin-1 (PS1) mutation associated with familial Alzheimer"s disease was shown to increase the activity of IP3 receptors, and therefore may render cells vulnerable to isoflurane-induced cytotoxicity.	Isoflurane	173-183	presenilin 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
18227305-12	2008	CONCLUSION: Our results show that the L286V PS1 mutation augments the isoflurane-induced [Ca2+]c increase via calcium release from intracellular stores which, in turn, renders the cells vulnerable to isoflurane neurotoxicity.	Isoflurane	70-80	presenilin 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-47
18227305-12	2008	CONCLUSION: Our results show that the L286V PS1 mutation augments the isoflurane-induced [Ca2+]c increase via calcium release from intracellular stores which, in turn, renders the cells vulnerable to isoflurane neurotoxicity.	Isoflurane	200-210	presenilin 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-47
18278471-3	2008	Alzheimer"s presenilin-1 (PS1) mutation increased activity of IP3 receptors and therefore rendered cells vulnerable to isoflurane-induced cytotoxicity.	Isoflurane	119-129	presenilin 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
18195361-6	2008	We demonstrate that isoflurane and sevoflurane, two commonly used general anesthetics, inhibit c-Fos expression in orexinergic but not adjacent melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) neurons; suggesting that wake-active orexinergic neurons are inhibited by these anesthetics.	Isoflurane	20-30	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	95-100
18167082-8	2008	Temperature, heart rate, SAP, DAP, and MAP were significantly higher with isoflurane.	Isoflurane	74-84	death-associated protein 1	Haliaeetus leucocephalus	30-33
18326909-11	2008	Isoflurane group had a lower level of TNF-alpha than I/R group.	Isoflurane	0-10	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	38-47
18043065-5	2007	Western analysis was performed to quantify the expression of the heat shock protein 70, Bcl-2, and survivin 24 h after isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	119-129	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	65-86
17717418-8	2008	RESULTS: Inhalation of isoflurane after induction of endotoxemia attenuated the release of TNF-alpha (-52%, p < 0.05) and IL-1 beta (-39%, p < 0.05) as compared to the LPS group, while IL-6 and IL-10 levels were not significantly altered.	Isoflurane	23-33	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	91-100
17717418-8	2008	RESULTS: Inhalation of isoflurane after induction of endotoxemia attenuated the release of TNF-alpha (-52%, p < 0.05) and IL-1 beta (-39%, p < 0.05) as compared to the LPS group, while IL-6 and IL-10 levels were not significantly altered.	Isoflurane	23-33	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	125-134
17717418-8	2008	RESULTS: Inhalation of isoflurane after induction of endotoxemia attenuated the release of TNF-alpha (-52%, p < 0.05) and IL-1 beta (-39%, p < 0.05) as compared to the LPS group, while IL-6 and IL-10 levels were not significantly altered.	Isoflurane	23-33	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	191-195
17717418-8	2008	RESULTS: Inhalation of isoflurane after induction of endotoxemia attenuated the release of TNF-alpha (-52%, p < 0.05) and IL-1 beta (-39%, p < 0.05) as compared to the LPS group, while IL-6 and IL-10 levels were not significantly altered.	Isoflurane	23-33	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	200-205
18054955-0	2008	Caveolin-3 expression and caveolae are required for isoflurane-induced cardiac protection from hypoxia and ischemia/reperfusion injury.	Isoflurane	52-62	caveolin 3	Mus musculus	0-10
18054955-9	2008	Isoflurane-induced cardiac protection was abolished in Cav-3(-/-) mice (infarct size: 53.4%+/-6.1% vs. 53.2%+/-3.5%, P<0.01; troponin: 102.1+/-22.3 vs. 105.9+/-8.2 ng/ml, P<0.01).	Isoflurane	0-10	caveolin 3	Mus musculus	55-60
18054955-10	2008	Isoflurane-induced cardiac protection is thus dependent on the presence of caveolae and the expression of caveolin-3.	Isoflurane	0-10	caveolin 3	Mus musculus	106-116
19058511-1	2008	In the present study we examined the effect of isoflurane on seizure-like activity at hippocampal CA3 pyramidal region of immature rats in vivo.	Isoflurane	47-57	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	98-101
17898040-3	2007	We sought to determine whether isoflurane stimulates sphingosine kinase (SK) activity and synthesis of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in renal proximal tubule cells to mediate renal protection via the S1P signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	31-41	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	128-131
17898040-3	2007	We sought to determine whether isoflurane stimulates sphingosine kinase (SK) activity and synthesis of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) in renal proximal tubule cells to mediate renal protection via the S1P signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	31-41	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	200-203
17898040-5	2007	This protection with isoflurane was reversed by SK inhibitors (DMS and SKI-II) as well as an S1P(1) receptor antagonist (VPC23019).	Isoflurane	21-31	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	93-96
17898040-7	2007	SK activity as well as SK1 mRNA expression increased in both cultured human proximal tubule cells (HK-2) and mouse kidneys after exposure to isoflurane.	Isoflurane	141-151	sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	23-26
17898040-8	2007	Finally, isoflurane increased the generation of S1P in HK-2 cells.	Isoflurane	9-19	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	48-51
17898040-9	2007	Taken together, our findings indicate that isoflurane activates SK in renal tubule cells and initiates S1P-->S1P(1) receptor signaling to mediate the renal protective effects.	Isoflurane	43-53	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	103-106
17898040-9	2007	Taken together, our findings indicate that isoflurane activates SK in renal tubule cells and initiates S1P-->S1P(1) receptor signaling to mediate the renal protective effects.	Isoflurane	43-53	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	112-115
18043065-11	2007	The expression of Bcl-2, a well-known antiapoptotic protein, in the hippocampus is increased after isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	99-109	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	18-23
18043065-13	2007	Inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibition also abolished isoflurane preconditioning-induced neuroprotection.	Isoflurane	58-68	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-31
18043066-2	2007	A mutation in the presynaptic soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE) protein syntaxin 1A was previously shown to antagonize the anesthetic isoflurane in Caenorhabditis elegans.	Isoflurane	148-158	t-SNARE coiled-coil homology domain-containing protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	86-94
18043066-7	2007	RESULTS: Expression of a truncated syntaxin fragment (residues 1-106) antagonized isoflurane sensitivity in C. elegans.	Isoflurane	82-92	t-SNARE coiled-coil homology domain-containing protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	35-43
18043066-8	2007	This portion of syntaxin interacts with the presynaptic protein UNC-13, suggesting the hypothesis that truncated syntaxin binds to UNC-13 and antagonizes an inhibitory effect of isoflurane on UNC-13 function.	Isoflurane	178-188	t-SNARE coiled-coil homology domain-containing protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	16-24
18043066-8	2007	This portion of syntaxin interacts with the presynaptic protein UNC-13, suggesting the hypothesis that truncated syntaxin binds to UNC-13 and antagonizes an inhibitory effect of isoflurane on UNC-13 function.	Isoflurane	178-188	Phorbol ester/diacylglycerol-binding protein unc-13	Caenorhabditis elegans	64-70
18043066-8	2007	This portion of syntaxin interacts with the presynaptic protein UNC-13, suggesting the hypothesis that truncated syntaxin binds to UNC-13 and antagonizes an inhibitory effect of isoflurane on UNC-13 function.	Isoflurane	178-188	t-SNARE coiled-coil homology domain-containing protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	113-121
18043066-8	2007	This portion of syntaxin interacts with the presynaptic protein UNC-13, suggesting the hypothesis that truncated syntaxin binds to UNC-13 and antagonizes an inhibitory effect of isoflurane on UNC-13 function.	Isoflurane	178-188	Phorbol ester/diacylglycerol-binding protein unc-13	Caenorhabditis elegans	131-137
18043066-8	2007	This portion of syntaxin interacts with the presynaptic protein UNC-13, suggesting the hypothesis that truncated syntaxin binds to UNC-13 and antagonizes an inhibitory effect of isoflurane on UNC-13 function.	Isoflurane	178-188	Phorbol ester/diacylglycerol-binding protein unc-13	Caenorhabditis elegans	131-137
18043066-9	2007	Consistent with this hypothesis, overexpression of UNC-13 suppressed the isoflurane resistance of the truncated syntaxins, and unc-13 loss-of-function mutants were highly isoflurane resistant.	Isoflurane	73-83	Phorbol ester/diacylglycerol-binding protein unc-13	Caenorhabditis elegans	51-57
18043066-9	2007	Consistent with this hypothesis, overexpression of UNC-13 suppressed the isoflurane resistance of the truncated syntaxins, and unc-13 loss-of-function mutants were highly isoflurane resistant.	Isoflurane	171-181	Phorbol ester/diacylglycerol-binding protein unc-13	Caenorhabditis elegans	127-133
18043066-11	2007	Isoflurane was found to inhibit synaptic localization of UNC-13.	Isoflurane	0-10	Phorbol ester/diacylglycerol-binding protein unc-13	Caenorhabditis elegans	57-63
18043066-12	2007	CONCLUSIONS: These data show that UNC-13, an evolutionarily conserved protein that promotes neurotransmitter release, is necessary for isoflurane sensitivity in C. elegans and suggest that its vertebrate homologs may be a component of the general anesthetic mechanism.	Isoflurane	135-145	Phorbol ester/diacylglycerol-binding protein unc-13	Caenorhabditis elegans	34-40
18306624-8	2007	The increasing trend of IL-6 and IL-10 levels were similar in both groups, whereas the level of IL-6 at T1 in propofol group was lower than that of isoflurane group significantly (P < 0.01), however the level of IL-10 was much higher in propofol group than that of isoflurane group at T1 and T2 (P < 0.05).	Isoflurane	268-278	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	96-100
17956078-2	2007	Primary peroxyl radicals, CHF(2)OCH(OO*)CF(3), generated upon 1-e-reduction of isoflurane react quantitatively with MetS via an overall two-electron oxidation mechanism to the corresponding sulfoxide (MetSO).	Isoflurane	79-89	ETS variant transcription factor 3	Homo sapiens	116-120
18073551-3	2007	The authors show that xenon and isoflurane compete for the binding of the coagonist glycine on the NMDA receptor NR1 subunit.	Isoflurane	32-42	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1	Homo sapiens	113-116
18073551-9	2007	The loss of inhibitory effect of xenon and isoflurane in mutant NR1(F639A)/NR2A receptors is explained by increased glycine affinity of the mutant receptors, and inhibition is restored at low glycine concentrations.	Isoflurane	43-53	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1	Homo sapiens	64-67
18073551-9	2007	The loss of inhibitory effect of xenon and isoflurane in mutant NR1(F639A)/NR2A receptors is explained by increased glycine affinity of the mutant receptors, and inhibition is restored at low glycine concentrations.	Isoflurane	43-53	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A	Homo sapiens	75-79
17959942-11	2007	Anesthesia preconditioning with isoflurane prevents I/R-related degradation of the RyR2 and SERCA2a in the sarcoplasmic reticulum.	Isoflurane	32-42	ryanodine receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	83-87
17457130-6	2007	RESULTS: Application of isoflurane (0.5 mM) to the bath solution during cell-attached recordings induced a significant increase in K(ATP) channel activity, which was greatly reduced by pretreatment with a selective inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA), Rp-cAMPS (100 microM).	Isoflurane	24-34	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	228-244
18057828-9	2007	Additionally, serum prolactin and corticosterone levels indicated that 30% isoflurane induced less stress than ether, confirming that 30% isoflurane can both provide results consistent with diethyl ether, while at the same time remove its disadvantages.	Isoflurane	75-85	prolactin	Rattus norvegicus	20-29
17826804-4	2007	At anesthetic doses that produced loss of righting reflex, isoflurane, propofol, and ketamine all reduced phosphorylation of the activating residue T183 of ERK2 (but not of ERK1); S897 of the NR1 NMDA receptor subunit; and S831 (but not S845) of the GluR1 AMPA receptor subunit in cerebral cortex.	Isoflurane	59-69	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	156-160
17826804-4	2007	At anesthetic doses that produced loss of righting reflex, isoflurane, propofol, and ketamine all reduced phosphorylation of the activating residue T183 of ERK2 (but not of ERK1); S897 of the NR1 NMDA receptor subunit; and S831 (but not S845) of the GluR1 AMPA receptor subunit in cerebral cortex.	Isoflurane	59-69	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	173-177
17826804-6	2007	Isoflurane and ketamine also reduced phosphorylation of spinophilin at S94, but oppositely regulated phosphorylation of presynaptic (tyrosine hydroxylase) and postsynaptic (DARPP-32) markers of dopaminergic neurotransmission in striatum.	Isoflurane	0-10	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 9B	Mus musculus	56-67
17826804-6	2007	Isoflurane and ketamine also reduced phosphorylation of spinophilin at S94, but oppositely regulated phosphorylation of presynaptic (tyrosine hydroxylase) and postsynaptic (DARPP-32) markers of dopaminergic neurotransmission in striatum.	Isoflurane	0-10	tyrosine hydroxylase	Mus musculus	133-153
17826804-6	2007	Isoflurane and ketamine also reduced phosphorylation of spinophilin at S94, but oppositely regulated phosphorylation of presynaptic (tyrosine hydroxylase) and postsynaptic (DARPP-32) markers of dopaminergic neurotransmission in striatum.	Isoflurane	0-10	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory inhibitor subunit 1B	Mus musculus	173-181
17596528-6	2007	Mice subjected to renal IR under isoflurane anesthesia also showed a reduction in inflammation evidenced by a reduced renal influx of neutrophils and macrophages, reduced ICAM-1 expression, less upregulation of proinflammatory mRNAs (TNF-alpha, ICAM-1, KC, and IL-1beta) as well as reduced nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB 24 h after renal IR injury.	Isoflurane	33-43	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	171-177
17596528-6	2007	Mice subjected to renal IR under isoflurane anesthesia also showed a reduction in inflammation evidenced by a reduced renal influx of neutrophils and macrophages, reduced ICAM-1 expression, less upregulation of proinflammatory mRNAs (TNF-alpha, ICAM-1, KC, and IL-1beta) as well as reduced nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB 24 h after renal IR injury.	Isoflurane	33-43	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	234-243
17596528-6	2007	Mice subjected to renal IR under isoflurane anesthesia also showed a reduction in inflammation evidenced by a reduced renal influx of neutrophils and macrophages, reduced ICAM-1 expression, less upregulation of proinflammatory mRNAs (TNF-alpha, ICAM-1, KC, and IL-1beta) as well as reduced nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB 24 h after renal IR injury.	Isoflurane	33-43	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	245-251
17596528-6	2007	Mice subjected to renal IR under isoflurane anesthesia also showed a reduction in inflammation evidenced by a reduced renal influx of neutrophils and macrophages, reduced ICAM-1 expression, less upregulation of proinflammatory mRNAs (TNF-alpha, ICAM-1, KC, and IL-1beta) as well as reduced nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB 24 h after renal IR injury.	Isoflurane	33-43	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	261-269
17596528-7	2007	Analysis of specific lymphocyte subset trafficking to the kidney using flow cytometry demonstrated that isoflurane anesthesia reduced intrarenal influx of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and NK1.1+ lymphocytes at 3 h after renal ischemia compared with pentobarbital anesthesia.	Isoflurane	104-114	killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B member 1C	Mus musculus	177-182
17596528-10	2007	In particular, neutrophil, macrophage, and NK1.1+ lymphocyte cell modulation may play a significant role in renal protection by isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	128-138	killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B member 1C	Mus musculus	43-48
17676386-9	2007	Mitochondria cytochrome P-450 liver levels were only diminished after chronic Isoflurane administration.	Isoflurane	78-88	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	13-29
17635398-12	2007	RESULTS: Inhalation of isoflurane reduced the release of TNF-alpha (P < 0.05) and IL-1beta (P < 0.05) in plasma and IL-1beta (P < 0.05) in BALF.	Isoflurane	23-33	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	57-66
17635398-12	2007	RESULTS: Inhalation of isoflurane reduced the release of TNF-alpha (P < 0.05) and IL-1beta (P < 0.05) in plasma and IL-1beta (P < 0.05) in BALF.	Isoflurane	23-33	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	85-93
17635398-12	2007	RESULTS: Inhalation of isoflurane reduced the release of TNF-alpha (P < 0.05) and IL-1beta (P < 0.05) in plasma and IL-1beta (P < 0.05) in BALF.	Isoflurane	23-33	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	122-130
17635398-14	2007	During inhalation of isoflurane, the increased release of NO and iNOS protein from alveolar macrophages was also completely inhibited by propranolol.	Isoflurane	21-31	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	65-69
17585212-9	2007	Isoflurane markedly increased the plasma levels of renin and aldosterone, whereas vasopressin was mostly unchanged.	Isoflurane	0-10	renin	Homo sapiens	51-56
17585220-3	2007	The authors investigated isoform-selective effects of isoflurane on the major Na channel isoforms expressed in excitable tissues.	Isoflurane	54-64	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 8	Rattus norvegicus	78-88
17585220-7	2007	Isoflurane reversibly inhibited all three isoforms in a concentration- and voltage-dependent manner at clinical concentrations (IC50 = 0.70, 0.61, and 0.45 mm, respectively, for Nav1.2, Nav1.4, and Nav1.5 from a physiologic holding potential of -70 mV).	Isoflurane	0-10	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 2	Rattus norvegicus	178-184
17585220-7	2007	Isoflurane reversibly inhibited all three isoforms in a concentration- and voltage-dependent manner at clinical concentrations (IC50 = 0.70, 0.61, and 0.45 mm, respectively, for Nav1.2, Nav1.4, and Nav1.5 from a physiologic holding potential of -70 mV).	Isoflurane	0-10	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 4	Rattus norvegicus	186-192
17585220-7	2007	Isoflurane reversibly inhibited all three isoforms in a concentration- and voltage-dependent manner at clinical concentrations (IC50 = 0.70, 0.61, and 0.45 mm, respectively, for Nav1.2, Nav1.4, and Nav1.5 from a physiologic holding potential of -70 mV).	Isoflurane	0-10	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5	Rattus norvegicus	198-204
17585220-10	2007	Inhibition of Nav1.4 and Nav1.5 by isoflurane was attributed primarily to enhanced inactivation, whereas inhibition of Nav1.2, which had a more positive V1/2 of inactivation, was due primarily to tonic block.	Isoflurane	35-45	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 4	Rattus norvegicus	14-20
17585220-10	2007	Inhibition of Nav1.4 and Nav1.5 by isoflurane was attributed primarily to enhanced inactivation, whereas inhibition of Nav1.2, which had a more positive V1/2 of inactivation, was due primarily to tonic block.	Isoflurane	35-45	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5	Rattus norvegicus	25-31
17585220-11	2007	CONCLUSIONS: Two principal mechanisms contribute to Na channel inhibition by isoflurane: enhanced inactivation due to a hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of steady state fast inactivation (Nav1.5 approximately Nav1.4 > Nav1.2) and tonic block (Nav1.2 > Nav1.4 approximately Nav1.5).	Isoflurane	77-87	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 8	Rattus norvegicus	52-62
17585220-11	2007	CONCLUSIONS: Two principal mechanisms contribute to Na channel inhibition by isoflurane: enhanced inactivation due to a hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of steady state fast inactivation (Nav1.5 approximately Nav1.4 > Nav1.2) and tonic block (Nav1.2 > Nav1.4 approximately Nav1.5).	Isoflurane	77-87	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5	Rattus norvegicus	203-209
17585220-11	2007	CONCLUSIONS: Two principal mechanisms contribute to Na channel inhibition by isoflurane: enhanced inactivation due to a hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of steady state fast inactivation (Nav1.5 approximately Nav1.4 > Nav1.2) and tonic block (Nav1.2 > Nav1.4 approximately Nav1.5).	Isoflurane	77-87	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 4	Rattus norvegicus	224-230
17585220-11	2007	CONCLUSIONS: Two principal mechanisms contribute to Na channel inhibition by isoflurane: enhanced inactivation due to a hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of steady state fast inactivation (Nav1.5 approximately Nav1.4 > Nav1.2) and tonic block (Nav1.2 > Nav1.4 approximately Nav1.5).	Isoflurane	77-87	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 2	Rattus norvegicus	236-242
17585220-11	2007	CONCLUSIONS: Two principal mechanisms contribute to Na channel inhibition by isoflurane: enhanced inactivation due to a hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of steady state fast inactivation (Nav1.5 approximately Nav1.4 > Nav1.2) and tonic block (Nav1.2 > Nav1.4 approximately Nav1.5).	Isoflurane	77-87	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 2	Rattus norvegicus	261-267
17585220-11	2007	CONCLUSIONS: Two principal mechanisms contribute to Na channel inhibition by isoflurane: enhanced inactivation due to a hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of steady state fast inactivation (Nav1.5 approximately Nav1.4 > Nav1.2) and tonic block (Nav1.2 > Nav1.4 approximately Nav1.5).	Isoflurane	77-87	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 4	Rattus norvegicus	273-279
17585220-11	2007	CONCLUSIONS: Two principal mechanisms contribute to Na channel inhibition by isoflurane: enhanced inactivation due to a hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of steady state fast inactivation (Nav1.5 approximately Nav1.4 > Nav1.2) and tonic block (Nav1.2 > Nav1.4 approximately Nav1.5).	Isoflurane	77-87	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5	Rattus norvegicus	294-300
18204149-0	2007	Expression of anion exchanger 3 influences respiratory rate in awake and isoflurane anesthetized mice.	Isoflurane	73-83	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	14-31
18204149-7	2007	Recovery from isoflurane anesthesia in respect to RR regaining baseline values was more pronounced in AE3 KO.	Isoflurane	14-24	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 3	Mus musculus	102-105
17898367-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Activation of the mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive K+ channel (mitoK(ATP)) has been proposed as a critical step in myocardial protection by isoflurane-induced preconditioning in humans and animals.	Isoflurane	172-182	ATPase phospholipid transporting 8A2	Homo sapiens	68-71
17898367-1	2007	BACKGROUND: Activation of the mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive K+ channel (mitoK(ATP)) has been proposed as a critical step in myocardial protection by isoflurane-induced preconditioning in humans and animals.	Isoflurane	172-182	ATPase phospholipid transporting 8A2	Homo sapiens	95-105
17898367-3	2007	In this study, we examined the direct effect of isoflurane and ROS on human cardiac mitoK(ATP) channels reconstituted into the lipid bilayers.	Isoflurane	48-58	ATPase phospholipid transporting 8A2	Homo sapiens	84-94
17898367-7	2007	Addition of isoflurane (0.8 mM) increased the open probability of the mitoK(ATP) channels, either in the presence or absence of ATP inhibition (0.5 mM).	Isoflurane	12-22	ATPase phospholipid transporting 8A2	Homo sapiens	70-80
17898367-10	2007	CONCLUSIONS: These data confirm that isoflurane, as well as ROS, directly activates reconstituted human cardiac mitoK(ATP) channel in vitro, without apparent involvement of cytosolic protein kinases, as commonly proposed.	Isoflurane	37-47	ATPase phospholipid transporting 8A2	Homo sapiens	112-122
17898367-11	2007	Activation of the mitoK(ATP) channel may contribute to the myocardial protective effect of isoflurane in the human heart.	Isoflurane	91-101	ATPase phospholipid transporting 8A2	Homo sapiens	18-28
17898380-0	2007	Isoflurane bidirectionally modulates the paired-pulse responses in the rat hippocampal CA1 field in vivo.	Isoflurane	0-10	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
17898380-8	2007	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane appeared to affect multiple sites of CA1 synapses: 1) the depression of presynaptic glutamatergic transmission as shown by depressed EPSP and increased PPF; 2) the depression of pyramidal neurons as shown by prolonged PPF and depressed PSA under high concentration; and 3) the depression of interneurons as shown by the greater synaptic efficacy.	Isoflurane	13-23	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
17786293-0	2007	Norepinephrine and vasopressin counteract anti-inflammatory effects of isoflurane in endotoxemic rats.	Isoflurane	71-81	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	19-30
17786293-4	2007	administration of noradrenaline or vasopressin on the anti-inflammatory effects of isoflurane during experimental endotoxemia.	Isoflurane	83-93	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	35-46
17786293-10	2007	In the LPS-isoflurane-vasopressin group, vasopressin was administered at 0.5 IE/kg/h 10 min prior to LPS and isoflurane.	Isoflurane	11-21	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	22-33
17786293-16	2007	Inhalation of isoflurane significantly attenuated plasma levels of TNFalpha (-65%) and IL-1beta (-53%) compared to the LPS-only group whereas it had no effect on nitrite production from cultured AM.	Isoflurane	14-24	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	67-75
17786293-16	2007	Inhalation of isoflurane significantly attenuated plasma levels of TNFalpha (-65%) and IL-1beta (-53%) compared to the LPS-only group whereas it had no effect on nitrite production from cultured AM.	Isoflurane	14-24	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	87-95
17786293-17	2007	Preexisting infusions of norepinephrine or vasopressin abolished the anti-inflammatory effects of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	98-108	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	43-54
17786293-18	2007	The data demonstrate that the administration of norepinephrine or vasopressin both counteracted the anti-inflammatory effects of inhaled isoflurane on proinflammatory cytokine release during experimental endotoxemia in rats.	Isoflurane	137-147	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	66-77
17578963-0	2007	The mechanism behind the inhibitory effect of isoflurane on angiotensin II-induced vascular contraction is different from that of sevoflurane.	Isoflurane	46-56	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	60-74
17578963-3	2007	The current study was designed to determine the mechanisms by which isoflurane inhibits Ang II-induced contraction of rat aortic smooth muscle.	Isoflurane	68-78	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	88-94
17578963-4	2007	METHODS: The effects of isoflurane on vasoconstriction, increase in [Ca(2+)](i), and phosphorylation of PKC in response to Ang II (10(-7) M) were investigated, using an isometric force transducer, a fluorometer, and Western blotting, respectively.	Isoflurane	24-34	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	123-129
17578963-6	2007	Isoflurane (1.2%-3.5%) inhibited Ang II-induced contraction of rat aortic smooth muscle in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.05 at 1.2%, P < 0.01 at 2.3% and 3.5% isoflurane, n = 6).	Isoflurane	0-10	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	33-39
17578963-6	2007	Isoflurane (1.2%-3.5%) inhibited Ang II-induced contraction of rat aortic smooth muscle in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.05 at 1.2%, P < 0.01 at 2.3% and 3.5% isoflurane, n = 6).	Isoflurane	175-185	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	33-39
17578963-7	2007	Isoflurane also inhibited elevation of [Ca(2+)](i) in response to Ang II (P < 0.01 at 2.3% and 3.5% isoflurane, n = 6), but failed to affect Ang II-induced phosphorylation of PKC at concentrations up to 3.5% (n = 7).	Isoflurane	0-10	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	66-72
17578963-7	2007	Isoflurane also inhibited elevation of [Ca(2+)](i) in response to Ang II (P < 0.01 at 2.3% and 3.5% isoflurane, n = 6), but failed to affect Ang II-induced phosphorylation of PKC at concentrations up to 3.5% (n = 7).	Isoflurane	0-10	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	144-150
17578963-7	2007	Isoflurane also inhibited elevation of [Ca(2+)](i) in response to Ang II (P < 0.01 at 2.3% and 3.5% isoflurane, n = 6), but failed to affect Ang II-induced phosphorylation of PKC at concentrations up to 3.5% (n = 7).	Isoflurane	0-10	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	178-181
17578963-8	2007	CONCLUSION: These results suggest that, unlike sevoflurane, the inhibitory effect of isoflurane on Ang II-induced contraction is mainly mediated by attenuation of the Ca(2+)-mediated signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	85-95	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	99-105
17522519-0	2007	Heme oxygenase-1 induction by the clinically used anesthetic isoflurane protects rat livers from ischemia/reperfusion injury.	Isoflurane	61-71	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-16
17522519-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: It was the aim of this study to characterize the influence of isoflurane-induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression on hepatocellular integrity after ischemia and reperfusion.	Isoflurane	73-83	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	92-108
17522519-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: It was the aim of this study to characterize the influence of isoflurane-induced heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression on hepatocellular integrity after ischemia and reperfusion.	Isoflurane	73-83	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	110-114
17522519-6	2007	RESULTS: Isoflurane pretreatment increased hepatic HO-1 mRNA, HO-1 protein, HO enzyme activity, and decreased plasma levels of AST, ALT, and alpha-GST.	Isoflurane	9-19	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-55
17522519-6	2007	RESULTS: Isoflurane pretreatment increased hepatic HO-1 mRNA, HO-1 protein, HO enzyme activity, and decreased plasma levels of AST, ALT, and alpha-GST.	Isoflurane	9-19	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-66
17522519-7	2007	Histologic analysis of livers obtained from isoflurane-pretreated rats showed a reduction of necrotic areas, particularly in the perivenular region, the predominant site of isoflurane-induced HO-1 expression.	Isoflurane	44-54	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	192-196
17522519-7	2007	Histologic analysis of livers obtained from isoflurane-pretreated rats showed a reduction of necrotic areas, particularly in the perivenular region, the predominant site of isoflurane-induced HO-1 expression.	Isoflurane	173-183	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	192-196
17522519-11	2007	CONCLUSIONS: This study provides first evidence that pretreatment with the nontoxic and clinically approved anesthetic isoflurane induces hepatic HO-1 expression, and thereby protects rat livers from ischemia/reperfusion injury.	Isoflurane	119-129	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	146-150
17457130-0	2007	Isoflurane activates sarcolemmal adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle cells: a role for protein kinase A.	Isoflurane	0-10	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	129-145
17457130-6	2007	RESULTS: Application of isoflurane (0.5 mM) to the bath solution during cell-attached recordings induced a significant increase in K(ATP) channel activity, which was greatly reduced by pretreatment with a selective inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA), Rp-cAMPS (100 microM).	Isoflurane	24-34	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	246-249
17457130-6	2007	RESULTS: Application of isoflurane (0.5 mM) to the bath solution during cell-attached recordings induced a significant increase in K(ATP) channel activity, which was greatly reduced by pretreatment with a selective inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA), Rp-cAMPS (100 microM).	Isoflurane	24-34	calmodulin 2, pseudogene 1	Rattus norvegicus	255-260
17457130-8	2007	Isoflurane significantly activated wild-type recombinant SUR2B/Kir6.1 in cell-attached patches.	Isoflurane	0-10	potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 8	Rattus norvegicus	63-69
17457130-9	2007	Isoflurane-induced activation of wild-type channels was diminished in the PKA-insensitive mutant SUR2B-T633A/Kir6.1, SUR2B-S1465A/Kir6.1, and SUR2B/Kir6.1-S385A.	Isoflurane	0-10	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	74-77
17457130-9	2007	Isoflurane-induced activation of wild-type channels was diminished in the PKA-insensitive mutant SUR2B-T633A/Kir6.1, SUR2B-S1465A/Kir6.1, and SUR2B/Kir6.1-S385A.	Isoflurane	0-10	potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 8	Rattus norvegicus	109-115
17457130-9	2007	Isoflurane-induced activation of wild-type channels was diminished in the PKA-insensitive mutant SUR2B-T633A/Kir6.1, SUR2B-S1465A/Kir6.1, and SUR2B/Kir6.1-S385A.	Isoflurane	0-10	potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 8	Rattus norvegicus	130-136
17457130-9	2007	Isoflurane-induced activation of wild-type channels was diminished in the PKA-insensitive mutant SUR2B-T633A/Kir6.1, SUR2B-S1465A/Kir6.1, and SUR2B/Kir6.1-S385A.	Isoflurane	0-10	potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 8	Rattus norvegicus	130-136
17457130-10	2007	In addition, the authors demonstrated that isoflurane-induced PKA activation was associated with isoflurane-induced decreases in isometric tension in the rat aorta.	Isoflurane	43-53	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
17457130-10	2007	In addition, the authors demonstrated that isoflurane-induced PKA activation was associated with isoflurane-induced decreases in isometric tension in the rat aorta.	Isoflurane	97-107	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
17457130-11	2007	CONCLUSION: These results indicate that isoflurane activates K(ATP) channels via PKA activation.	Isoflurane	40-50	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	81-84
17457130-12	2007	PKA-dependent vasodilation induced by isoflurane also was observed in isometric tension experiments.	Isoflurane	38-48	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
17457130-13	2007	Analysis of expressed vascular-type K(ATP) channels suggested that PKA-mediated phosphorylation of both Kir6.1 and SUR2B subunits plays a pivotal role in isoflurane-induced vascular K(ATP) channel activation.	Isoflurane	154-164	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
17457130-13	2007	Analysis of expressed vascular-type K(ATP) channels suggested that PKA-mediated phosphorylation of both Kir6.1 and SUR2B subunits plays a pivotal role in isoflurane-induced vascular K(ATP) channel activation.	Isoflurane	154-164	potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 8	Rattus norvegicus	104-110
17272740-6	2007	Hearts of wild-type (WT) mice showed rapid phosphorylation of Src and Cav-1 after isoflurane and ischemic preconditioning.	Isoflurane	82-92	Rous sarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	62-65
17272740-6	2007	Hearts of wild-type (WT) mice showed rapid phosphorylation of Src and Cav-1 after isoflurane and ischemic preconditioning.	Isoflurane	82-92	caveolin 1, caveolae protein	Mus musculus	70-75
17272740-7	2007	The Src inhibitor PP2 reduced phosphorylation of Src (Y416) and Cav-1 in the heart and abolished isoflurane-induced cardiac protection in WT mice.	Isoflurane	97-107	Rous sarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	4-7
17272740-7	2007	The Src inhibitor PP2 reduced phosphorylation of Src (Y416) and Cav-1 in the heart and abolished isoflurane-induced cardiac protection in WT mice.	Isoflurane	97-107	neuropeptide Y receptor Y6	Mus musculus	18-21
17272740-9	2007	Cav-1(-/-) mice exposed to isoflurane showed significant alterations in Src phosphorylation and recruitment of C-terminal Src kinase, a negative regulator of Src, when compared to WT mice.	Isoflurane	27-37	caveolin 1, caveolae protein	Mus musculus	0-5
17272740-9	2007	Cav-1(-/-) mice exposed to isoflurane showed significant alterations in Src phosphorylation and recruitment of C-terminal Src kinase, a negative regulator of Src, when compared to WT mice.	Isoflurane	27-37	Rous sarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	72-75
17272740-9	2007	Cav-1(-/-) mice exposed to isoflurane showed significant alterations in Src phosphorylation and recruitment of C-terminal Src kinase, a negative regulator of Src, when compared to WT mice.	Isoflurane	27-37	Rous sarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	122-125
17272740-9	2007	Cav-1(-/-) mice exposed to isoflurane showed significant alterations in Src phosphorylation and recruitment of C-terminal Src kinase, a negative regulator of Src, when compared to WT mice.	Isoflurane	27-37	Rous sarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	122-125
17622749-4	2007	METHODS AND RESULTS: In human proximal tubule (HK-2) cell culture, 16-hour exposure to volatile anesthetics (isoflurane, halothane, sevoflurane) caused membrane externalization of PS detected by positive annexin-V staining and increased the release of TGF-beta1 into the cell culture media.	Isoflurane	109-119	annexin A5	Homo sapiens	204-213
17593869-4	2007	The IL-6/IL-10 ratio significantly increased with propofol compared with isoflurane on day 1 after surgery and the IL-10 level significantly increased with isoflurane on day 1 after surgery.	Isoflurane	73-83	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	4-8
17593869-4	2007	The IL-6/IL-10 ratio significantly increased with propofol compared with isoflurane on day 1 after surgery and the IL-10 level significantly increased with isoflurane on day 1 after surgery.	Isoflurane	156-166	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	115-120
17413994-9	2007	At any given MAC concentration of the anesthetic, BIS and SEF(95) values were significantly lower under isoflurane compared with halothane anesthesia both during wash-in and wash-out phases (P<0.001).	Isoflurane	104-114	interleukin 17 receptor D	Homo sapiens	58-61
17414419-10	2007	Renal cortices of isoflurane-treated mice had significantly reduced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta messenger RNA and showed less apoptosis.	Isoflurane	18-28	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	82-115
17414419-10	2007	Renal cortices of isoflurane-treated mice had significantly reduced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta messenger RNA and showed less apoptosis.	Isoflurane	18-28	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	117-126
17414419-10	2007	Renal cortices of isoflurane-treated mice had significantly reduced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta messenger RNA and showed less apoptosis.	Isoflurane	18-28	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	132-140
17414419-11	2007	Isoflurane-treated mice had lower plasma levels of TNF-alpha, KC, and IL-6.	Isoflurane	0-10	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	51-60
17414419-11	2007	Isoflurane-treated mice had lower plasma levels of TNF-alpha, KC, and IL-6.	Isoflurane	0-10	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	70-74
17287498-1	2007	The anesthetic isoflurane has been reported to induce apoptosis and increase Abeta generation and aggregation.	Isoflurane	15-25	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	77-82
17287498-3	2007	We therefore set out to assess whether the effects of isoflurane on apoptosis are linked to amyloid beta-protein (Abeta) generation and aggregation.	Isoflurane	54-64	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	114-119
17287498-4	2007	For this purpose, we assessed the effects of isoflurane on beta-site amyloid beta precursor protein (APP)-cleaving enzyme (BACE) and gamma-secretase, the proteases responsible for Abeta generation.	Isoflurane	45-55	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	123-127
17287498-4	2007	For this purpose, we assessed the effects of isoflurane on beta-site amyloid beta precursor protein (APP)-cleaving enzyme (BACE) and gamma-secretase, the proteases responsible for Abeta generation.	Isoflurane	45-55	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	180-185
17287498-7	2007	Isoflurane increased the levels of BACE and gamma-secretase and secreted Abeta in the H4-APP cells.	Isoflurane	0-10	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	35-39
17287498-7	2007	Isoflurane increased the levels of BACE and gamma-secretase and secreted Abeta in the H4-APP cells.	Isoflurane	0-10	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	73-78
17287498-8	2007	Isoflurane-induced Abeta generation could be blocked by the broad-based caspase inhibitor Z-VAD.	Isoflurane	0-10	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	19-24
17287498-9	2007	The Abeta aggregation inhibitors, iAbeta5 and clioquinol, selectively attenuated caspase-3 activation induced by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	113-123	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	81-90
17287498-10	2007	However, isoflurane was able to induce caspase-3 activation in the absence of any detectable alterations of Abeta generation in naive H4 cells.	Isoflurane	9-19	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	39-48
17287498-11	2007	Finally, Abeta potentiated the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation in naive H4 cells.	Isoflurane	31-41	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	9-14
17287498-11	2007	Finally, Abeta potentiated the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation in naive H4 cells.	Isoflurane	31-41	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	50-59
17287498-12	2007	Collectively, these findings suggest that isoflurane can induce apoptosis, which, in turn, increases BACE and gamma-secretase levels and Abeta secretion.	Isoflurane	42-52	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	101-105
17287498-12	2007	Collectively, these findings suggest that isoflurane can induce apoptosis, which, in turn, increases BACE and gamma-secretase levels and Abeta secretion.	Isoflurane	42-52	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	137-142
17287498-15	2007	The result is a vicious cycle of isoflurane-induced apoptosis, Abeta generation and aggregation, and additional rounds of apoptosis, leading to cell death.	Isoflurane	33-43	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	63-68
17242089-0	2007	Halothane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane increase the kinetics of Ca2+-induced conformational change of recombinant human cardiac troponin C.	Isoflurane	11-21	troponin C1, slow skeletal and cardiac type	Homo sapiens	120-138
17622749-4	2007	METHODS AND RESULTS: In human proximal tubule (HK-2) cell culture, 16-hour exposure to volatile anesthetics (isoflurane, halothane, sevoflurane) caused membrane externalization of PS detected by positive annexin-V staining and increased the release of TGF-beta1 into the cell culture media.	Isoflurane	109-119	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	252-261
17488147-15	2007	Inhalation agents (isoflurane, sevoflurane) provide the benefit of being hypnotic and hypotensive agents at clinical concentrations, and are used alone or in combination with adjuvant agents to limit tachycardia and rebound hypertension, for example, inhibitors of the autonomic nervous system (clonidine, beta-blockers) or ACE inhibitors.	Isoflurane	19-29	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	324-327
17708068-0	2007	Isoflurane reduces the synthesis of surfactant-related protein a of alveolar type II cells injured by H2O2.	Isoflurane	0-10	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	36-64
17708068-1	2007	The influence of isoflurane (Iso) on the synthesis of surfactant-related protein A (SP-A) of alveolar type II (AT II) cells in primary culture and after injury by H2O2 was investigated.	Isoflurane	17-27	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	54-82
17708068-1	2007	The influence of isoflurane (Iso) on the synthesis of surfactant-related protein A (SP-A) of alveolar type II (AT II) cells in primary culture and after injury by H2O2 was investigated.	Isoflurane	17-27	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	84-88
17708068-1	2007	The influence of isoflurane (Iso) on the synthesis of surfactant-related protein A (SP-A) of alveolar type II (AT II) cells in primary culture and after injury by H2O2 was investigated.	Isoflurane	29-32	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	54-82
17708068-1	2007	The influence of isoflurane (Iso) on the synthesis of surfactant-related protein A (SP-A) of alveolar type II (AT II) cells in primary culture and after injury by H2O2 was investigated.	Isoflurane	29-32	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	84-88
16861427-5	2006	Neuroprotection was associated with a smaller increase in [Ca2+]i in hypoxic neurons and required IP3 receptors and phospholipase C. In hypoxic neurons, isoflurane increased the phosphorylation of the Ca2+-dependent MAP kinases Pyk2 and p42/44 (ERK).	Isoflurane	153-163	PTK2 protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta	Mus musculus	228-232
17122584-9	2006	Cycloheximide, an inhibitor for protein synthesis, completely abrogated the induction of HIF-1alpha protein by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	111-121	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	89-99
17122584-10	2006	Isoflurane stimulated heme oxygenase 1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and VEGF mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner, and inactivation of HIF-1alpha attenuated the induction of VEGF mRNA by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	0-10	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	22-71
17122584-10	2006	Isoflurane stimulated heme oxygenase 1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and VEGF mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner, and inactivation of HIF-1alpha attenuated the induction of VEGF mRNA by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	0-10	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	77-81
17122584-10	2006	Isoflurane stimulated heme oxygenase 1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and VEGF mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner, and inactivation of HIF-1alpha attenuated the induction of VEGF mRNA by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	0-10	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	194-198
17122584-10	2006	Isoflurane stimulated heme oxygenase 1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and VEGF mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner, and inactivation of HIF-1alpha attenuated the induction of VEGF mRNA by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	207-217	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	155-165
17122584-10	2006	Isoflurane stimulated heme oxygenase 1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and VEGF mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner, and inactivation of HIF-1alpha attenuated the induction of VEGF mRNA by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	207-217	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	194-198
17122584-11	2006	CONCLUSION: Isoflurane can up-regulate HIF-1alpha and enhance HIF-1-responsive genes heme oxygenase 1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and VEGF mRNA expression in Hep3B cells.	Isoflurane	12-22	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	39-49
17122584-11	2006	CONCLUSION: Isoflurane can up-regulate HIF-1alpha and enhance HIF-1-responsive genes heme oxygenase 1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and VEGF mRNA expression in Hep3B cells.	Isoflurane	12-22	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	85-134
17122584-11	2006	CONCLUSION: Isoflurane can up-regulate HIF-1alpha and enhance HIF-1-responsive genes heme oxygenase 1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and VEGF mRNA expression in Hep3B cells.	Isoflurane	12-22	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	140-144
17122584-12	2006	The induction of HIF-1alpha by isoflurane does not involve protein degradation but depends on translation pathway.	Isoflurane	31-41	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	17-27
16861402-3	2006	Delayed myocardial preconditioning by isoflurane is mediated by eNOS in male rabbits, but whether females are similarly protected by isoflurane is unknown.	Isoflurane	38-48	nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Oryctolagus cuniculus	64-68
16861403-0	2006	Extracellular signal-regulated kinases trigger isoflurane preconditioning concomitant with upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and vascular endothelial growth factor expression in rats.	Isoflurane	47-57	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	143-177
16861403-2	2006	We tested the hypothesis that isoflurane preconditioning is triggered by Erk1/2 concomitant with upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in rats instrumented for hemodynamic measurement and subjected to a 30-min coronary artery occlusion and 2-h reperfusion.	Isoflurane	30-40	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	73-79
16861403-2	2006	We tested the hypothesis that isoflurane preconditioning is triggered by Erk1/2 concomitant with upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in rats instrumented for hemodynamic measurement and subjected to a 30-min coronary artery occlusion and 2-h reperfusion.	Isoflurane	30-40	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	113-144
16861403-2	2006	We tested the hypothesis that isoflurane preconditioning is triggered by Erk1/2 concomitant with upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in rats instrumented for hemodynamic measurement and subjected to a 30-min coronary artery occlusion and 2-h reperfusion.	Isoflurane	30-40	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	146-156
16861403-2	2006	We tested the hypothesis that isoflurane preconditioning is triggered by Erk1/2 concomitant with upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in rats instrumented for hemodynamic measurement and subjected to a 30-min coronary artery occlusion and 2-h reperfusion.	Isoflurane	30-40	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	162-196
16861403-2	2006	We tested the hypothesis that isoflurane preconditioning is triggered by Erk1/2 concomitant with upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in rats instrumented for hemodynamic measurement and subjected to a 30-min coronary artery occlusion and 2-h reperfusion.	Isoflurane	30-40	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	198-202
16861403-8	2006	Isoflurane-induced increases in phospho-Erk1/2, HIF-1alpha, and VEGF expression were also inhibited by PD 098059 pretreatment.	Isoflurane	0-10	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	40-46
16861403-8	2006	Isoflurane-induced increases in phospho-Erk1/2, HIF-1alpha, and VEGF expression were also inhibited by PD 098059 pretreatment.	Isoflurane	0-10	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	48-58
16861403-8	2006	Isoflurane-induced increases in phospho-Erk1/2, HIF-1alpha, and VEGF expression were also inhibited by PD 098059 pretreatment.	Isoflurane	0-10	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	64-68
16861403-9	2006	CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that Erk1/2 triggers isoflurane preconditioning concomitant with HIF-1alpha and VEGF upregulation in vivo.	Isoflurane	55-65	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	39-45
16861403-9	2006	CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that Erk1/2 triggers isoflurane preconditioning concomitant with HIF-1alpha and VEGF upregulation in vivo.	Isoflurane	55-65	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	114-118
17243642-5	2007	In this review, we presented the antagonistic action of orexin-A to isoflurane anesthesia in terms of the cortical release of acetylcholine and EEG arousal.	Isoflurane	68-78	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Homo sapiens	56-62
17122584-0	2006	Up-regulation of hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha by isoflurane in Hep3B cells.	Isoflurane	52-62	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	17-48
17122584-1	2006	BACKGROUND: The volatile anesthetic isoflurane induces hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1-responsive genes heme oxygenase 1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression.	Isoflurane	36-46	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	55-87
17122584-1	2006	BACKGROUND: The volatile anesthetic isoflurane induces hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1-responsive genes heme oxygenase 1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression.	Isoflurane	36-46	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	105-154
17122584-1	2006	BACKGROUND: The volatile anesthetic isoflurane induces hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1-responsive genes heme oxygenase 1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression.	Isoflurane	36-46	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	160-194
17122584-1	2006	BACKGROUND: The volatile anesthetic isoflurane induces hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1-responsive genes heme oxygenase 1, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression.	Isoflurane	36-46	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	196-200
17122584-2	2006	Little is known about the extent to which induction of HIF-1alpha is affected by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	81-91	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	55-65
17122584-4	2006	RESULTS: Isoflurane induced a time- and concentration-dependent increase in HIF-1alpha protein but not for HIF-1alpha messenger RNA (mRNA) in Hep3B cells.	Isoflurane	9-19	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	76-86
17122584-6	2006	Similarly, HIF-1alpha transcriptional activity was higher in Hep3B cells exposed to 2% isoflurane for 16 h than that in control cells.	Isoflurane	87-97	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	11-21
17122584-7	2006	The combination of 2% isoflurane and desferrioxamine, a hypoxia mimetic, caused a higher level of HIF-1alpha protein than that induced by 2% isoflurane alone.	Isoflurane	22-32	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	98-108
17122584-7	2006	The combination of 2% isoflurane and desferrioxamine, a hypoxia mimetic, caused a higher level of HIF-1alpha protein than that induced by 2% isoflurane alone.	Isoflurane	141-151	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	98-108
17234824-2	2006	The inhalation anesthetic isoflurane has been shown to enhance beta-amyloid protein (Abeta) oligomerization and generation, to potentiate the cytotoxicity of Abeta, and to induce apoptosis.	Isoflurane	26-36	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	85-90
17234824-2	2006	The inhalation anesthetic isoflurane has been shown to enhance beta-amyloid protein (Abeta) oligomerization and generation, to potentiate the cytotoxicity of Abeta, and to induce apoptosis.	Isoflurane	26-36	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	158-163
17234824-3	2006	To address the molecular mechanisms of dementia and delirium associated with anesthesia and surgery, we assessed whether the Abeta fibrillar aggregation inhibitor Congo red can attenuate isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation in H4 human neuroglioma cells overexpressing human beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP).	Isoflurane	187-197	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	206-215
17234824-10	2006	These findings suggest that isoflurane-induced Abeta oligomerization and apoptosis may contribute to the risk of postoperative cognitive dysfunction and provide a potential pathogenic link between delirium and dementia.	Isoflurane	28-38	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	47-52
16931986-7	2006	By contrast, the open probability of truncated Kir6.2DeltaC26, which forms a functional channel without SUR2A, was attenuated by isoflurane at both pHi 7.4 and pHi 6.8.	Isoflurane	129-139	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	148-151
16931986-7	2006	By contrast, the open probability of truncated Kir6.2DeltaC26, which forms a functional channel without SUR2A, was attenuated by isoflurane at both pHi 7.4 and pHi 6.8.	Isoflurane	129-139	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	160-163
16931986-8	2006	Coexpression of Kir6.2DeltaC26 with SUR2A restored pHi sensitivity of channel activation by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	92-102	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 11	Homo sapiens	16-22
16931986-8	2006	Coexpression of Kir6.2DeltaC26 with SUR2A restored pHi sensitivity of channel activation by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	92-102	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	51-54
16931986-9	2006	Site-directed mutagenesis within the Walker motifs of SUR2A abolished isoflurane activation of KATP channel at pHi 6.8.	Isoflurane	70-80	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	111-114
16931986-11	2006	CONCLUSIONS: The nucleotide binding domains of SUR2A play a crucial role in isoflurane facilitation of the KATP channel activity at moderately acidic pHi as would occur during early ischemia.	Isoflurane	76-86	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	150-153
16892147-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of different concentrations of Isoflurane on the level of surfactant protein A(SP-A) and the expression of SP-A mRNA in the lung of rats.	Isoflurane	65-75	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	113-117
16892147-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: To examine the effects of different concentrations of Isoflurane on the level of surfactant protein A(SP-A) and the expression of SP-A mRNA in the lung of rats.	Isoflurane	65-75	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	141-145
16892147-10	2006	Isoflurane, after three doses, significantly reduced the SP-A content in BALF.	Isoflurane	0-10	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	57-61
16892147-12	2006	RT-PCR indicated a reduced expression of SP-A mRNA in the lung after 1.5% and 2.0% isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	83-93	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	41-45
16892147-14	2006	CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that 1.5% or more than 1.5% isoflurane exposure for eight hours could decrease the expression of the SP-A mRNA and synthesis of SP-A in rats, and maybe it could also affect the secretion and reuse.	Isoflurane	64-74	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	137-141
16892147-14	2006	CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that 1.5% or more than 1.5% isoflurane exposure for eight hours could decrease the expression of the SP-A mRNA and synthesis of SP-A in rats, and maybe it could also affect the secretion and reuse.	Isoflurane	64-74	surfactant protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	164-168
16806162-5	2006	Isoflurane exposure induced phosphorylation/activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK).	Isoflurane	0-10	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	58-95
16806162-5	2006	Isoflurane exposure induced phosphorylation/activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK).	Isoflurane	0-10	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	97-100
16806162-6	2006	Inhibition of the phospho-ERK expression abolished the isoflurane preconditioning-induced protection.	Isoflurane	55-65	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	26-29
16806162-7	2006	Isoflurane exposure also increased the expression of early growth response gene 1 (Egr-1) and Bcl-2, proteins downstream of ERK.	Isoflurane	0-10	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	53-81
16806162-7	2006	Isoflurane exposure also increased the expression of early growth response gene 1 (Egr-1) and Bcl-2, proteins downstream of ERK.	Isoflurane	0-10	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	83-88
16806162-7	2006	Isoflurane exposure also increased the expression of early growth response gene 1 (Egr-1) and Bcl-2, proteins downstream of ERK.	Isoflurane	0-10	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	94-99
16806162-7	2006	Isoflurane exposure also increased the expression of early growth response gene 1 (Egr-1) and Bcl-2, proteins downstream of ERK.	Isoflurane	0-10	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	124-127
16806162-10	2006	The increased expression of Egr-1 and Bcl-2 by isoflurane was inhibited by ERK inhibition.	Isoflurane	47-57	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	28-33
16806162-10	2006	The increased expression of Egr-1 and Bcl-2 by isoflurane was inhibited by ERK inhibition.	Isoflurane	47-57	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	38-43
16806162-10	2006	The increased expression of Egr-1 and Bcl-2 by isoflurane was inhibited by ERK inhibition.	Isoflurane	47-57	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	75-78
16806162-11	2006	Thus, our results suggest a role of ERK/Egr-1/Bcl-2 pathway in the isoflurane preconditioning-induced protection in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.	Isoflurane	67-77	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	36-39
16806162-11	2006	Thus, our results suggest a role of ERK/Egr-1/Bcl-2 pathway in the isoflurane preconditioning-induced protection in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.	Isoflurane	67-77	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	40-45
16806162-11	2006	Thus, our results suggest a role of ERK/Egr-1/Bcl-2 pathway in the isoflurane preconditioning-induced protection in the human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.	Isoflurane	67-77	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	46-51
16648187-3	2006	We tested the hypothesis that expression and activity of 12-LO mediate delayed cardiac protection induced by isoflurane in the mouse heart in vivo.	Isoflurane	109-119	arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase	Mus musculus	57-62
16648187-4	2006	Mice were pretreated with 1.4% isoflurane for 30 min and allowed to recover for 1, 12, or 24 h. Immunoblot analysis showed isoflurane significantly enhanced 12-LO protein expression at 12 and 24 h after isoflurane exposure, and this induction of 12-LO was confirmed by immunohistochemistry of whole heart sections at 24 h. The induced protein expression appeared to be localized to intercalated disc regions adjoining adjacent cardiac myocytes.	Isoflurane	31-41	arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase	Mus musculus	157-162
16648187-4	2006	Mice were pretreated with 1.4% isoflurane for 30 min and allowed to recover for 1, 12, or 24 h. Immunoblot analysis showed isoflurane significantly enhanced 12-LO protein expression at 12 and 24 h after isoflurane exposure, and this induction of 12-LO was confirmed by immunohistochemistry of whole heart sections at 24 h. The induced protein expression appeared to be localized to intercalated disc regions adjoining adjacent cardiac myocytes.	Isoflurane	123-133	arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase	Mus musculus	157-162
16648187-4	2006	Mice were pretreated with 1.4% isoflurane for 30 min and allowed to recover for 1, 12, or 24 h. Immunoblot analysis showed isoflurane significantly enhanced 12-LO protein expression at 12 and 24 h after isoflurane exposure, and this induction of 12-LO was confirmed by immunohistochemistry of whole heart sections at 24 h. The induced protein expression appeared to be localized to intercalated disc regions adjoining adjacent cardiac myocytes.	Isoflurane	123-133	arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase	Mus musculus	246-251
16648187-4	2006	Mice were pretreated with 1.4% isoflurane for 30 min and allowed to recover for 1, 12, or 24 h. Immunoblot analysis showed isoflurane significantly enhanced 12-LO protein expression at 12 and 24 h after isoflurane exposure, and this induction of 12-LO was confirmed by immunohistochemistry of whole heart sections at 24 h. The induced protein expression appeared to be localized to intercalated disc regions adjoining adjacent cardiac myocytes.	Isoflurane	123-133	arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase	Mus musculus	157-162
16648187-4	2006	Mice were pretreated with 1.4% isoflurane for 30 min and allowed to recover for 1, 12, or 24 h. Immunoblot analysis showed isoflurane significantly enhanced 12-LO protein expression at 12 and 24 h after isoflurane exposure, and this induction of 12-LO was confirmed by immunohistochemistry of whole heart sections at 24 h. The induced protein expression appeared to be localized to intercalated disc regions adjoining adjacent cardiac myocytes.	Isoflurane	123-133	arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase	Mus musculus	246-251
16648187-8	2006	These data suggest that 12-LO is an important mediator of isoflurane-induced delayed preconditioning.	Isoflurane	58-68	arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase	Mus musculus	24-29
16861427-5	2006	Neuroprotection was associated with a smaller increase in [Ca2+]i in hypoxic neurons and required IP3 receptors and phospholipase C. In hypoxic neurons, isoflurane increased the phosphorylation of the Ca2+-dependent MAP kinases Pyk2 and p42/44 (ERK).	Isoflurane	153-163	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	245-248
16861427-7	2006	JNK was phosphorylated in hypoxic neurons in the presence of isoflurane, as was the transcription factor c-Jun; JNK inhibition with SP600125 prevented both phosphorylation of c-Jun and neuroprotection.	Isoflurane	61-71	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	0-3
16861427-7	2006	JNK was phosphorylated in hypoxic neurons in the presence of isoflurane, as was the transcription factor c-Jun; JNK inhibition with SP600125 prevented both phosphorylation of c-Jun and neuroprotection.	Isoflurane	61-71	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	112-115
16861427-8	2006	Isoflurane decreased phosphorylation of the pro-apoptotic cofactors Bad and p90RSK and increased Akt phosphorylation.	Isoflurane	0-10	ribosomal protein S6 kinase, polypeptide 2	Mus musculus	76-82
16871065-9	2006	CONCLUSION: The differential effects of volatile anesthetics on acetylcholine-promoted guanosine nucleotide exchange at Galphaq are consistent with the apparent more potent direct effect of halothane and sevoflurane compared with isoflurane on muscarinic receptor-mediated contraction of isolated airway smooth muscle.	Isoflurane	230-240	G protein subunit alpha q	Homo sapiens	120-127
16551837-12	2006	Akt phosphorylation and Bcl-2 and phospho-Bad expression increased after isoflurane preconditioning, whereas Bax expression decreased.	Isoflurane	73-83	BCL-2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	24-29
16809998-12	2006	The isoflurane effect was reversed in a dose-dependent manner by bicuculline (CA1 percentage alive: 1 mg/kg, 44 +/- 22; 2 mg/kg, 21 +/- 15).	Isoflurane	4-14	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
16790633-8	2006	To determine if isoflurane-induced changes in extracellular 5-HT involve the serotonin transporter (SERT), similar microdialysis studies were performed in C57BL/6 wild-type (SERT +/+) and homozygous SERT knockout (SERT -/-) mice exposed to either 1 MAC isoflurane in 40% O2 in air or to 40% O2 in air alone for a period of 80 min.	Isoflurane	16-26	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, serotonin), member 4	Mus musculus	77-98
16790633-8	2006	To determine if isoflurane-induced changes in extracellular 5-HT involve the serotonin transporter (SERT), similar microdialysis studies were performed in C57BL/6 wild-type (SERT +/+) and homozygous SERT knockout (SERT -/-) mice exposed to either 1 MAC isoflurane in 40% O2 in air or to 40% O2 in air alone for a period of 80 min.	Isoflurane	16-26	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, serotonin), member 4	Mus musculus	100-104
16790633-9	2006	Isoflurane produced a significant decrease in hippocampal 5-HT in SERT +/+ and SERT -/-, and this decrease was larger in SERT -/- compared with SERT +/+: to 22.4% +/- 8.5% versus 50.2% +/- 17.4% of the baseline 5-HT level, respectively.	Isoflurane	0-10	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, serotonin), member 4	Mus musculus	66-70
16790633-9	2006	Isoflurane produced a significant decrease in hippocampal 5-HT in SERT +/+ and SERT -/-, and this decrease was larger in SERT -/- compared with SERT +/+: to 22.4% +/- 8.5% versus 50.2% +/- 17.4% of the baseline 5-HT level, respectively.	Isoflurane	0-10	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, serotonin), member 4	Mus musculus	79-83
16790633-9	2006	Isoflurane produced a significant decrease in hippocampal 5-HT in SERT +/+ and SERT -/-, and this decrease was larger in SERT -/- compared with SERT +/+: to 22.4% +/- 8.5% versus 50.2% +/- 17.4% of the baseline 5-HT level, respectively.	Isoflurane	0-10	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, serotonin), member 4	Mus musculus	79-83
16790633-9	2006	Isoflurane produced a significant decrease in hippocampal 5-HT in SERT +/+ and SERT -/-, and this decrease was larger in SERT -/- compared with SERT +/+: to 22.4% +/- 8.5% versus 50.2% +/- 17.4% of the baseline 5-HT level, respectively.	Isoflurane	0-10	solute carrier family 6 (neurotransmitter transporter, serotonin), member 4	Mus musculus	79-83
16645451-1	2006	BACKGROUND: The common inhalation anesthetic isoflurane has previously been reported to enhance the aggregation and cytotoxicity of the Alzheimer disease-associated amyloid beta protein (Abeta), the principal peptide component of cerebral beta-amyloid deposits.	Isoflurane	45-55	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	187-192
16645451-5	2006	RESULTS: Two percent isoflurane caused apoptosis, altered processing of APP, and increased production of Abeta in H4 human neuroglioma cell lines.	Isoflurane	21-31	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	105-110
16632808-3	2006	We tested the hypothesis that Bcl-2 mediates myocardial protection by isoflurane or brief ischemic episodes during reperfusion in rabbits (n = 91) subjected to a 30-min left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed by 3 h reperfusion.	Isoflurane	70-80	BCL-2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	30-35
16645452-0	2006	Isoflurane neuroprotection in rat hippocampal slices decreases with aging: changes in intracellular Ca2+ regulation and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated Ca2+ influx.	Isoflurane	0-10	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	100-103
16632808-8	2006	The results suggest that Bcl-2 mediates isoflurane-induced and ischemic postconditioning by indirectly modulating mPTP activity in vivo.	Isoflurane	40-50	BCL-2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	25-30
16645452-0	2006	Isoflurane neuroprotection in rat hippocampal slices decreases with aging: changes in intracellular Ca2+ regulation and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated Ca2+ influx.	Isoflurane	0-10	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	159-162
16645452-8	2006	Isoflurane, 1%, reduced death of CA1, CA3, and dentate neurons in slices from 5-day-old rats but not those from 23-month-old rats.	Isoflurane	0-10	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
16632840-2	2006	We tested the hypothesis that the neuroprotective efficacy of isoflurane can be prolonged with the administration of z-IETD-fmk, a specific inhibitor of caspase 8.	Isoflurane	62-72	caspase 8	Rattus norvegicus	153-162
16632840-11	2006	These results suggest that a combination of isoflurane and a caspase 8 inhibitor can produce neuroprotection that is evident even after a recovery period of 14 days.	Isoflurane	44-54	caspase 8	Rattus norvegicus	61-70
16645452-8	2006	Isoflurane, 1%, reduced death of CA1, CA3, and dentate neurons in slices from 5-day-old rats but not those from 23-month-old rats.	Isoflurane	0-10	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	38-41
16645453-0	2006	Infarct-remodeled myocardium is receptive to protection by isoflurane postconditioning: role of protein kinase B/Akt signaling.	Isoflurane	59-69	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	113-116
16645453-13	2006	CONCLUSIONS: Infarct-remodeled myocardium is receptive to protection by isoflurane postconditioning via protein kinase B/Akt signaling.	Isoflurane	72-82	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	121-124
16645455-11	2006	CONCLUSION: The authors demonstrated that orexin-A was more potent than orexin-B in producing alteration of cholinergic basal forebrain neuronal activity and that the cortical activation induced by the PPTg stimulation against isoflurane anesthesia may be mediated through the orexin-1 receptors in the basal forebrain.	Isoflurane	227-237	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	42-50
16624950-4	2006	Extracellular single-unit activity of WDR neurons was recorded in isoflurane-anesthetized MOR(-/-) and wild-type C57BL/6 mice.	Isoflurane	66-76	opioid receptor, mu 1	Mus musculus	90-93
16571974-0	2006	Isoflurane, but not sevoflurane, increases transendothelial albumin permeability in the isolated rat lung: role for enhanced phosphorylation of caveolin-1.	Isoflurane	0-10	caveolin 1	Rattus norvegicus	144-154
16571974-11	2006	The isoflurane-induced increase in uptake of I-albumin in wild-type RLMVECs was abolished in the Y14F-caveolin-1 mutant expressing cells.	Isoflurane	4-14	caveolin 1	Rattus norvegicus	102-112
16571974-12	2006	Isoflurane also caused a twofold increase in Src and caveolin-1 phosphorylation.	Isoflurane	0-10	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	45-48
16571974-12	2006	Isoflurane also caused a twofold increase in Src and caveolin-1 phosphorylation.	Isoflurane	0-10	caveolin 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-63
16827187-0	2006	Protective effect of isoflurane and sevoflurane on ischemic neurons and expression of Bcl-2 and ICE genes in rat brain.	Isoflurane	21-31	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	86-91
16466907-0	2006	Reeler mutant mice exhibit seizures during recovery from isoflurane-induced anesthesia.	Isoflurane	57-67	reelin	Mus musculus	0-6
16466907-6	2006	These data reveal that reeler mice display isoflurane-induced seizures and provide support for the hypothesis that developmental anomalies may predispose the central nervous system to anesthesia-induced seizures.	Isoflurane	43-53	reelin	Mus musculus	23-29
16473332-9	2006	All rats pretreated with isoflurane had better CA3 neuronal survival than rats receiving fentanyl pre- and post-TBI.	Isoflurane	25-35	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
16473332-10	2006	In rats pretreated with fentanyl, post-traumatic isoflurane failed to affect function but improved CA3 neuronal survival vs. rats given fentanyl pre- and post-TBI.	Isoflurane	49-59	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	99-102
16492827-12	2006	The results suggest that sevoflurane and isoflurane inhibit mainly on glutamate-mediated orthodromic pathways, whereas thiopental and propofol enhance gamma-aminobutyric acid-A-mediated recurrent inhibitory pathways in CA1 neurons, thus providing further evidence that the mechanisms of general anesthetics are drug- and pathway-specific.	Isoflurane	41-51	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	219-222
16480463-1	2006	BACKGROUND: In this study, we tested the hypothesis that escalating drug concentrations of isoflurane are associated with a significant decline in cerebral blood flow (CBF) in regions sub-serving conscious brain activity, including specifically the thalamus.	Isoflurane	91-101	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	168-171
16480463-7	2006	Throughout all three MAC levels of sedation, isoflurane caused an increased regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the anterior cingulate and decreased rCBF in the cerebellum.	Isoflurane	45-55	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	106-110
16480463-7	2006	Throughout all three MAC levels of sedation, isoflurane caused an increased regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the anterior cingulate and decreased rCBF in the cerebellum.	Isoflurane	45-55	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	152-156
16480463-8	2006	Initially, isoflurane (0 vs. 0.2 MAC) significantly increased relative rCBF in the medial frontal gyrus and in the nucleus accumbens.	Isoflurane	11-21	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	71-75
16480463-14	2006	At 1 MAC of isoflurane, rCBF decreased in the thalamus.	Isoflurane	12-22	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	24-28
16508399-10	2006	Production of CXCL1 and CXCL2/3 in the bronchoalveolar lavage was reduced when isoflurane was given 1 h but not 12 h before lipopolysaccharide, suggesting different mechanisms for early and late protection.	Isoflurane	79-89	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1	Mus musculus	14-19
16508399-10	2006	Production of CXCL1 and CXCL2/3 in the bronchoalveolar lavage was reduced when isoflurane was given 1 h but not 12 h before lipopolysaccharide, suggesting different mechanisms for early and late protection.	Isoflurane	79-89	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	24-29
16434759-0	2006	Role of Erk1/2, p70s6K, and eNOS in isoflurane-induced cardioprotection during early reperfusion in vivo.	Isoflurane	36-46	ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	16-22
16431879-2	2006	However, mice deficient in the type I NOS isoform (nNOS) are reported to have a similar MAC for isoflurane and are not affected by non-isoform specific inhibitors.	Isoflurane	96-106	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	51-55
16431879-3	2006	METHODS: We determined whether the nNOS specific inhibitor, 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), had an effect on isoflurane MAC and righting reflex (RRF) and investigated spontaneous motor activity in an open-field study in wild-type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice.	Isoflurane	101-111	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	35-39
16409641-0	2006	Isoflurane depresses hippocampal CA1 glutamate nerve terminals without inhibiting fiber volleys.	Isoflurane	0-10	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
16409641-10	2006	Isoflurane depression of EPSP amplitudes could also be partly reversed by high external Ca2+ (4 mM) that also decreased facilitation.	Isoflurane	0-10	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	88-91
16409641-17	2006	CONCLUSION: Isoflurane appears to depress CA1 synapses at presynaptic sites downstream from Na channels, as evident by the increased facilitation that accompanies EPSP depression.	Isoflurane	12-22	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	42-45
16394696-0	2006	Mechanism of hepatic heme oxygenase-1 induction by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	51-61	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	21-37
16394696-2	2006	The authors recently showed that isoflurane and sevoflurane up-regulate the inducible isoform heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1).	Isoflurane	33-43	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-110
16394696-2	2006	The authors recently showed that isoflurane and sevoflurane up-regulate the inducible isoform heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1).	Isoflurane	33-43	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	112-116
16394696-10	2006	RESULTS: In contrast to pentobarbital, isoflurane induced HO-1 after 4-6 h in hepatocytes in the pericentral region of the liver.	Isoflurane	39-49	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-62
16394696-14	2006	CONCLUSION: The up-regulation of HO-1 by isoflurane in the liver is restricted to parenchymal cells and depends on Kupffer cell function.	Isoflurane	41-51	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	33-37
16414556-3	2006	NGF was injected into the biceps femoris muscle unilaterally, and at various intervals afterwards the electromyographic (EMG) activity from the same muscle was recorded in response to mechanical von Frey hair stimulation of the plantar surface of the hind paw in isoflurane-anesthetized mice.	Isoflurane	263-273	nerve growth factor	Mus musculus	0-3
16006547-2	2005	We tested the hypothesis that isoflurane-induced SWOP is mediated through upregulation of inducible NOS (iNOS).	Isoflurane	30-40	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	90-103
16006547-2	2005	We tested the hypothesis that isoflurane-induced SWOP is mediated through upregulation of inducible NOS (iNOS).	Isoflurane	30-40	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	105-109
16006547-7	2005	iNOS expression and activity in the heart were increased 24-72 h after inhalation of 1.5 MAC isoflurane; this increase was less pronounced after inhalation of 0.75 MAC isoflurane.	Isoflurane	93-103	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
16006547-7	2005	iNOS expression and activity in the heart were increased 24-72 h after inhalation of 1.5 MAC isoflurane; this increase was less pronounced after inhalation of 0.75 MAC isoflurane.	Isoflurane	168-178	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
16006547-8	2005	A selective iNOS inhibitor, 1400W (10 microM), abolished iNOS activation and cardioprotection induced 48 h after inhalation of 1.5 MAC isoflurane.	Isoflurane	135-145	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	12-16
16006547-8	2005	A selective iNOS inhibitor, 1400W (10 microM), abolished iNOS activation and cardioprotection induced 48 h after inhalation of 1.5 MAC isoflurane.	Isoflurane	135-145	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	57-61
16006547-9	2005	These results suggest that isoflurane inhalation induces SWOP after 24-72 h through overexpression and activation of iNOS in the rat heart.	Isoflurane	27-37	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	117-121
16434759-0	2006	Role of Erk1/2, p70s6K, and eNOS in isoflurane-induced cardioprotection during early reperfusion in vivo.	Isoflurane	36-46	nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Oryctolagus cuniculus	28-32
16434759-3	2006	We tested the hypothesis Erk1/2, p70s6K, and eNOS mediate isoflurane-induced postconditioning in rabbit myocardium in vivo.	Isoflurane	58-68	nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Oryctolagus cuniculus	45-49
16434759-8	2006	CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the protective effects of isoflurane against infarction during early reperfusion are mediated by Erk1/2, p70s6K, and eNOS in vivo.	Isoflurane	63-73	ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	142-148
16434759-8	2006	CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the protective effects of isoflurane against infarction during early reperfusion are mediated by Erk1/2, p70s6K, and eNOS in vivo.	Isoflurane	63-73	nitric oxide synthase, endothelial	Oryctolagus cuniculus	154-158
16434762-0	2006	Isoflurane tolerance against focal cerebral ischemia is attenuated by adenosine A1 receptor antagonists.	Isoflurane	0-10	adenosine A1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	70-91
16434762-1	2006	PURPOSE: To investigate the role of the adenosine A1 receptor in the rapid tolerance to cerebral ischemia induced by isoflurane preconditioning.	Isoflurane	117-127	adenosine A1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	40-61
16434762-11	2006	CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that preconditioning with isoflurane reduces focal cerebral ischemic injury in rats, and the adenosine A1 receptor antagonist (DPCPX) attenuates the neuroprotection induced by isoflurane preconditioning.	Isoflurane	219-229	adenosine A1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	136-157
15923266-4	2005	METHODS: We analysed the effects of halothane and isoflurane on the binding of purified recombinant rat synaptotagmin 1 C2A, C2B and C2AB domains to radiolabelled phospholipid liposomes.	Isoflurane	50-60	synaptotagmin 1	Rattus norvegicus	104-119
16306729-3	2005	The authors aimed to clarify (1) whether nitrous oxide preconditions the heart, (2) how it affects protein kinase C (PKC) and tyrosine kinases (such as Src) as central mediators of preconditioning, and (3) whether isoflurane-induced preconditioning is influenced by nitrous oxide.	Isoflurane	214-224	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	152-155
16249673-0	2005	Isoflurane postconditioning prevents opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore through inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta.	Isoflurane	0-10	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	117-147
16249673-11	2005	LY294002 inhibited isoflurane-induced phosphorylation of protein kinase B/Akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta and opened mPTP as determined by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide measurements.	Isoflurane	19-29	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-77
16249673-11	2005	LY294002 inhibited isoflurane-induced phosphorylation of protein kinase B/Akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta and opened mPTP as determined by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide measurements.	Isoflurane	19-29	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	82-112
16249673-11	2005	LY294002 inhibited isoflurane-induced phosphorylation of protein kinase B/Akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta and opened mPTP as determined by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide measurements.	Isoflurane	19-29	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, U	Mus musculus	124-128
16249673-14	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Anesthetic postconditioning by isoflurane effectively protects against reperfusion damage by preventing opening of the mPTP through inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta.	Isoflurane	44-54	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, U	Mus musculus	132-136
16249673-14	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Anesthetic postconditioning by isoflurane effectively protects against reperfusion damage by preventing opening of the mPTP through inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta.	Isoflurane	44-54	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	159-189
16249675-0	2005	Isoflurane inhibits cardiac myocyte apoptosis during oxidative and inflammatory stress by activating Akt and enhancing Bcl-2 expression.	Isoflurane	0-10	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-104
16249675-0	2005	Isoflurane inhibits cardiac myocyte apoptosis during oxidative and inflammatory stress by activating Akt and enhancing Bcl-2 expression.	Isoflurane	0-10	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	119-124
16249675-3	2005	The authors tested whether isoflurane reduces apoptosis in cardiomyocytes subjected to oxidative or inflammatory stress by enhancing Akt and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2).	Isoflurane	27-37	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	133-136
16249675-3	2005	The authors tested whether isoflurane reduces apoptosis in cardiomyocytes subjected to oxidative or inflammatory stress by enhancing Akt and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2).	Isoflurane	27-37	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	141-158
16249675-3	2005	The authors tested whether isoflurane reduces apoptosis in cardiomyocytes subjected to oxidative or inflammatory stress by enhancing Akt and B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2).	Isoflurane	27-37	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	160-165
16249675-11	2005	Isoflurane enhanced phospho-Akt and Bcl-2 expression.	Isoflurane	0-10	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
16249675-11	2005	Isoflurane enhanced phospho-Akt and Bcl-2 expression.	Isoflurane	0-10	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	36-41
16249675-13	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane protects cardiomyocytes against apoptosis induced by hypoxia, H2O2, or activated neutrophils through Akt activation and increased Bcl-2 expression.	Isoflurane	13-23	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	125-128
16249675-13	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane protects cardiomyocytes against apoptosis induced by hypoxia, H2O2, or activated neutrophils through Akt activation and increased Bcl-2 expression.	Isoflurane	13-23	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	154-159
16143577-10	2005	Ischaemic and pharmacological preconditioning with diazoxide and isoflurane induced ischaemic tolerance in the cultured neurones via mitoK(ATP) channels without an increase in Kir6.2 expression, and induced upregulation of EAAC1 expression.	Isoflurane	65-75	potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 11	Rattus norvegicus	176-182
16143577-10	2005	Ischaemic and pharmacological preconditioning with diazoxide and isoflurane induced ischaemic tolerance in the cultured neurones via mitoK(ATP) channels without an increase in Kir6.2 expression, and induced upregulation of EAAC1 expression.	Isoflurane	65-75	solute carrier family 1 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	223-228
16192521-0	2005	The effect of anesthesia by diethyl ether or isoflurane on activity of cytochrome P450 2E1 and P450 reductases in rat liver.	Isoflurane	45-55	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-90
16192769-3	2005	Motivated by this hypothesis, the authors measured the ability of syntaxin 1A and proteins that interact with syntaxin to bind to halothane and isoflurane.	Isoflurane	144-154	syntaxin 1A	Rattus norvegicus	66-77
16086037-0	2005	Mechanisms of xenon- and isoflurane-induced preconditioning - a potential link to the cytoskeleton via the MAPKAPK-2/HSP27 pathway.	Isoflurane	25-35	MAPK activated protein kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	107-116
16086037-0	2005	Mechanisms of xenon- and isoflurane-induced preconditioning - a potential link to the cytoskeleton via the MAPKAPK-2/HSP27 pathway.	Isoflurane	25-35	heat shock protein family B (small) member 1	Rattus norvegicus	117-122
16129978-3	2005	Because isoflurane increases intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and Ca2+ is involved in many processes related to preconditioning, the authors hypothesized that isoflurane preconditions neurons via Ca2+-dependent processes involving the Ca2+- binding protein calmodulin and the mitogen-activated protein kinase-ERK pathway.	Isoflurane	8-18	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
16129978-3	2005	Because isoflurane increases intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and Ca2+ is involved in many processes related to preconditioning, the authors hypothesized that isoflurane preconditions neurons via Ca2+-dependent processes involving the Ca2+- binding protein calmodulin and the mitogen-activated protein kinase-ERK pathway.	Isoflurane	160-170	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
16129978-3	2005	Because isoflurane increases intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and Ca2+ is involved in many processes related to preconditioning, the authors hypothesized that isoflurane preconditions neurons via Ca2+-dependent processes involving the Ca2+- binding protein calmodulin and the mitogen-activated protein kinase-ERK pathway.	Isoflurane	160-170	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
16129978-3	2005	Because isoflurane increases intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and Ca2+ is involved in many processes related to preconditioning, the authors hypothesized that isoflurane preconditions neurons via Ca2+-dependent processes involving the Ca2+- binding protein calmodulin and the mitogen-activated protein kinase-ERK pathway.	Isoflurane	160-170	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
16129978-3	2005	Because isoflurane increases intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and Ca2+ is involved in many processes related to preconditioning, the authors hypothesized that isoflurane preconditions neurons via Ca2+-dependent processes involving the Ca2+- binding protein calmodulin and the mitogen-activated protein kinase-ERK pathway.	Isoflurane	160-170	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
16129978-3	2005	Because isoflurane increases intracellular Ca2+ concentrations and Ca2+ is involved in many processes related to preconditioning, the authors hypothesized that isoflurane preconditions neurons via Ca2+-dependent processes involving the Ca2+- binding protein calmodulin and the mitogen-activated protein kinase-ERK pathway.	Isoflurane	160-170	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	258-268
16129978-6	2005	RESULTS: Preconditioning with 0.5-1.5% isoflurane decreased neuron death in CA1 and CA3 regions of hippocampal slice cultures after oxygen-glucose deprivation.	Isoflurane	39-49	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
16129978-6	2005	RESULTS: Preconditioning with 0.5-1.5% isoflurane decreased neuron death in CA1 and CA3 regions of hippocampal slice cultures after oxygen-glucose deprivation.	Isoflurane	39-49	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	84-87
16129978-9	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane, at clinical concentrations, preconditions neurons in hippocampal slice cultures by mechanisms that apparently involve release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum, transient increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration, the Ca2+ binding protein calmodulin, and phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase p42/44.	Isoflurane	13-23	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	154-157
16129978-9	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane, at clinical concentrations, preconditions neurons in hippocampal slice cultures by mechanisms that apparently involve release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum, transient increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration, the Ca2+ binding protein calmodulin, and phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase p42/44.	Isoflurane	13-23	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	228-231
16129978-9	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane, at clinical concentrations, preconditions neurons in hippocampal slice cultures by mechanisms that apparently involve release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum, transient increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration, the Ca2+ binding protein calmodulin, and phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase p42/44.	Isoflurane	13-23	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	228-231
16129978-9	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane, at clinical concentrations, preconditions neurons in hippocampal slice cultures by mechanisms that apparently involve release of Ca2+ from the endoplasmic reticulum, transient increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration, the Ca2+ binding protein calmodulin, and phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase p42/44.	Isoflurane	13-23	calmodulin 1	Rattus norvegicus	273-283
16534263-3	2005	RECENT FINDINGS: Commonly used volatile anaesthetic agents such as isoflurane or sevoflurane cause immobility by modulating multiple molecular targets predominantly in the spinal cord, including gamma-aminobutyric acidA receptors, glycine receptors, glutamate receptors and TREK-1 potassium channels.	Isoflurane	67-77	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens	274-280
16301223-0	2005	Isoflurane protects renal function against ischemia and reperfusion through inhibition of protein kinases, JNK and ERK.	Isoflurane	0-10	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	107-110
16301223-0	2005	Isoflurane protects renal function against ischemia and reperfusion through inhibition of protein kinases, JNK and ERK.	Isoflurane	0-10	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	115-118
16301223-7	2005	Inhibition of the protein kinases, JNK and ERK, might be involved in the mechanisms of isoflurane preconditioning.	Isoflurane	87-97	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	35-38
16301223-7	2005	Inhibition of the protein kinases, JNK and ERK, might be involved in the mechanisms of isoflurane preconditioning.	Isoflurane	87-97	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
16427527-11	2005	Anti-diuretic hormone increased with its peak during surgery and the isoflurane group had significantly higher values than the sevoflurane group.	Isoflurane	69-79	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	0-21
16223404-6	2005	RESULTS: There were four immediate early genes/transcription factors (early growth response 1, c-fos, nerve growth factor-induced factor A and Knox-24) whose mRNA expression was increased to more than 1.4-fold of control levels under the conditions of isoflurane, OGD or isoflurane plus OGD.	Isoflurane	252-262	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	95-100
16223404-7	2005	Isoflurane increased the mRNA expression of heme oxygenase, a 32-kDa heat-shock protein, and decreased the mRNA expression of caspase-2, calpain 1 and the Bcl-2-associated death agonist.	Isoflurane	0-10	caspase 2	Rattus norvegicus	126-135
16223404-7	2005	Isoflurane increased the mRNA expression of heme oxygenase, a 32-kDa heat-shock protein, and decreased the mRNA expression of caspase-2, calpain 1 and the Bcl-2-associated death agonist.	Isoflurane	0-10	calpain 1	Rattus norvegicus	137-146
16223404-7	2005	Isoflurane increased the mRNA expression of heme oxygenase, a 32-kDa heat-shock protein, and decreased the mRNA expression of caspase-2, calpain 1 and the Bcl-2-associated death agonist.	Isoflurane	0-10	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	155-160
16192500-8	2005	Isoflurane and morphine reduced cytochrome c translocation and TUNEL staining.	Isoflurane	0-10	cytochrome c	Oryctolagus cuniculus	32-44
16192517-2	2005	Human TRESK is potently activated by halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane, making it the most sensitive volatile anesthetic-activated K2P channel yet described.	Isoflurane	48-58	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 18	Homo sapiens	6-11
16192517-2	2005	Human TRESK is potently activated by halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane, making it the most sensitive volatile anesthetic-activated K2P channel yet described.	Isoflurane	48-58	keratin 76	Homo sapiens	148-151
16192517-4	2005	Currents passed by mouse and rat TRESK were enhanced by isoflurane at clinical concentrations but with significantly lower efficacy than human TRESK.	Isoflurane	56-66	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 18	Homo sapiens	33-38
16192517-12	2005	In particular, we found stereospecific differences in response to isoflurane by the rodent TRESKs but not by human TRESK.	Isoflurane	66-76	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 18	Homo sapiens	91-96
16269307-11	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane anesthesia administered simultaneously with the injection of LPS decreases serum production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 despite bilateral transection of the vagus nerve.	Isoflurane	13-23	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	119-128
16269307-11	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane anesthesia administered simultaneously with the injection of LPS decreases serum production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 despite bilateral transection of the vagus nerve.	Isoflurane	13-23	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	133-137
16129978-0	2005	Isoflurane preconditions hippocampal neurons against oxygen-glucose deprivation: role of intracellular Ca2+ and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling.	Isoflurane	0-10	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
16023603-5	2005	Isoflurane significantly inhibited plasma levels of TNFalpha and IL-1beta by 69.3% and 61.8%, respectively.	Isoflurane	0-10	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	52-60
16023603-5	2005	Isoflurane significantly inhibited plasma levels of TNFalpha and IL-1beta by 69.3% and 61.8%, respectively.	Isoflurane	0-10	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	65-73
16222884-6	2005	Measurements during the 20-min period showed that inspired and end-tidal isoflurane concentrations decreased in the FGF 1-l/min group but increased in the FGF 4-l/min group compared with baseline values.	Isoflurane	73-83	fibroblast growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	116-121
15983461-9	2005	Halothane and isoflurane (0.5-1.5 MAC) significantly inhibited NCX (P < 0.05; paired comparisons), whereas sevoflurane at less than 1.5 MAC did not inhibit NCX.	Isoflurane	14-24	solute carrier family 8 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	63-66
15954957-6	2005	RESULTS: MACs for halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane in NOP-/- mice were 1.60 (SD 0.06), 1.68 (0.08) and 3.36 (0.07)%, respectively.	Isoflurane	29-39	crystallin, gamma B	Mus musculus	59-62
16027086-0	2005	[Effects of propofol and isoflurane on serum neuron-specific enolase level in surgical patients with acute craniocerebral trauma: a comparative study].	Isoflurane	25-35	enolase 2	Homo sapiens	45-68
16027086-8	2005	Serum NSE level after completion of surgery was significantly lower in propofol group than in isoflurane group (P<0.05).	Isoflurane	94-104	enolase 2	Homo sapiens	6-9
15920195-2	2005	Using patch-clamp techniques, we found that exposure of isolated guinea pig cardiomyocytes to 1 mM of isoflurane after phorbol ester stimulation of PKC facilitates the induction of larger (P < or = 0.05) sarcolemmal K(ATP) channel currents (IKATP) during cell dialysis with 0.5, compared to 1.0, mM of ATP in the pipette (10 +/- 5 versus 2 +/- 1 pA/pF in five and six cells, respectively).	Isoflurane	102-112	Prkca	Cavia porcellus	148-151
15920195-3	2005	A PKC inhibitor, bisindolylmaleimide, abolished the induction of IKATP by a second brief isoflurane exposure under these conditions.	Isoflurane	89-99	Prkca	Cavia porcellus	2-5
15920195-7	2005	Facilitation of IKATP by isoflurane during the reduction of intracellular ATP is dependent on PKC, whereas "preconditioning" myocytes with isoflurane causes persistent changes in sarcolemmal KATP channel function, which enhance the induction of IKATP by a diacylglycerol.	Isoflurane	25-35	Prkca	Cavia porcellus	94-97
15920196-3	2005	Although the NR3B subunit prominently reduced the current amplitude of NR1/NR2A-B channels, the sensitivities of NR1/NR2A-B channels to Mg2+, ketamine, isoflurane, nitrous oxide, and ethanol were not altered by coexpression of the NR3B subunit.	Isoflurane	152-162	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	113-116
15920216-3	2005	Comparison of patients breathing desflurane and isoflurane showed an evoked cortical amplitude (N37-P45) of 0.53 +/- 0.3 microV versus 1.3 +/- 0.8 microV (P = 0.014), respectively.	Isoflurane	48-58	nuclear factor, erythroid 2	Homo sapiens	100-103
16130059-3	2005	In the present study, the authors aimed to compare the effects of ketamine anesthesia and isoflurane anesthesia with respect to serum and tracheobronchial aspirate (TBA) IL-6 levels in infants undergoing CPB for cardiac surgery.	Isoflurane	90-100	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	170-174
16236684-7	2005	SPB control was maintained better with sevoflurane and isoflurane than desflurane; median SBP was outside the target range during 32% (range, 15%-55%) of study time with isoflurane, 26% (12%-42%) with sevoflurane, and 44% (20%-80%) with desflurane.	Isoflurane	55-65	surfactant protein B	Homo sapiens	0-3
15851883-0	2005	Modulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor-mediated spontaneous inhibitory postsynaptic currents in auditory cortex by midazolam and isoflurane.	Isoflurane	144-154	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	14-44
15851883-10	2005	CONCLUSIONS: The dose dependence of isoflurane effects on GABA(A) sIPSCs in pyramidal cells is consistent with effects on auditory evoked response in vivo.	Isoflurane	36-46	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	58-65
15862801-9	2005	Isoflurane was found to inhibit recombinant nNOS and iNOS activities at high concentrations (EC50=20 mM).	Isoflurane	0-10	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-48
15862801-9	2005	Isoflurane was found to inhibit recombinant nNOS and iNOS activities at high concentrations (EC50=20 mM).	Isoflurane	0-10	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	53-57
15862801-10	2005	Our data suggest a putative role for iNOS in the increase in NO levels produced by isoflurane and sevoflurane, whereas nNOS activity is probably inhibited during anaesthesia.	Isoflurane	83-93	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	37-41
15976221-2	2005	Isoflurane enhances the action of kainate receptors comprising GluR6 subunits expressed in oocytes.	Isoflurane	0-10	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 2 (beta 2)	Mus musculus	63-68
15976221-7	2005	A Q/R mutation that dominantly affects kainate receptors containing the GluR6 subunit in mice increased isoflurane minimum alveolar concentration (by 12%; P < 0.01), decreased desflurane minimum alveolar concentration (by 18%; P < 0.001), and did not change halothane minimum alveolar concentration (P = 0.25).	Isoflurane	104-114	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 2 (beta 2)	Mus musculus	72-77
15915027-13	2005	CONCLUSION: Sevoflurane and isoflurane induce apoptosis in T lymphocytes via increased mitochondrial membrane permeability and caspase-3 activation, but independently of death receptor signaling.	Isoflurane	28-38	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	127-136
15915031-3	2005	RESULTS: Consecutive injections of fibrinogen and thrombin caused increases in blood pressure, with the peak values obtained in the isoflurane and sevoflurane groups being lower than the control values.	Isoflurane	132-142	coagulation factor II	Rattus norvegicus	50-58
15983461-12	2005	CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that volatile anesthetics, especially halothane and isoflurane, interfere with neuronal [Ca2+]i regulation by inhibiting NCX but not SOCC-mediated Ca2+ influx (except high concentrations of halothane).	Isoflurane	85-95	solute carrier family 8 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	154-157
15791007-4	2005	The crystal structures of the halothane/apoferritin and isoflurane/apoferritin complexes were determined at 1.75 A resolution, revealing a common anesthetic binding pocket within an interhelical dimerization interface.	Isoflurane	56-66	ferritin heavy chain 1	Homo sapiens	67-78
15777762-0	2005	Isoflurane and sevoflurane affect cell survival and BCL-2/BAX ratio differently.	Isoflurane	0-10	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	52-57
15777762-0	2005	Isoflurane and sevoflurane affect cell survival and BCL-2/BAX ratio differently.	Isoflurane	0-10	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
15777762-6	2005	Isoflurane at 2.4% for 24 h induced cytotoxicity in both cell types, which was characterized by nuclear condensation and fragmentation and activation of caspases 3 and 9.	Isoflurane	0-10	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	153-169
15777762-8	2005	Isoflurane decreased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio by as much as 36% (P < 0.05).	Isoflurane	0-10	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	25-30
15777762-8	2005	Isoflurane decreased the Bcl-2/Bax ratio by as much as 36% (P < 0.05).	Isoflurane	0-10	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
15777762-10	2005	These results suggest that isoflurane and sevoflurane differentially affect the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and cell survival.	Isoflurane	27-37	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	80-85
15777762-10	2005	These results suggest that isoflurane and sevoflurane differentially affect the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and cell survival.	Isoflurane	27-37	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
15777762-11	2005	At equipotent concentrations, isoflurane, but not sevoflurane, induces cytotoxicity in both PC12 cells and primary cortical neurons and decreases the Bcl-2/Bax ratio.	Isoflurane	30-40	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	150-155
15777762-11	2005	At equipotent concentrations, isoflurane, but not sevoflurane, induces cytotoxicity in both PC12 cells and primary cortical neurons and decreases the Bcl-2/Bax ratio.	Isoflurane	30-40	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	156-159
15680938-0	2005	Transmembrane residues define the action of isoflurane at the GABAA receptor alpha-3 subunit.	Isoflurane	44-54	gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor subunit alpha3	Homo sapiens	62-84
15709112-0	2005	Isoflurane induces a protein kinase C alpha-dependent increase in cell-surface protein level and activity of glutamate transporter type 3.	Isoflurane	0-10	protein kinase C, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	21-43
15709112-2	2005	We have shown that the commonly used anesthetic isoflurane increased the activity of glutamate transporter type 3 (excitatory amino acid transporter 3, EAAT3) possibly via a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent pathway.	Isoflurane	48-58	solute carrier family 1 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	85-150
15709112-2	2005	We have shown that the commonly used anesthetic isoflurane increased the activity of glutamate transporter type 3 (excitatory amino acid transporter 3, EAAT3) possibly via a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent pathway.	Isoflurane	48-58	solute carrier family 1 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-157
15709112-2	2005	We have shown that the commonly used anesthetic isoflurane increased the activity of glutamate transporter type 3 (excitatory amino acid transporter 3, EAAT3) possibly via a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent pathway.	Isoflurane	48-58	protein kinase C, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	192-195
15709112-3	2005	In this study, we showed that isoflurane induced a time- and concentration-dependent redistribution of EAAT3 to the cell membrane in C6 glioma cells.	Isoflurane	30-40	solute carrier family 1 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-108
15709112-5	2005	This isoflurane-induced EAAT3 redistribution was also blocked when the expression of PKC alpha but not PKC beta proteins was down-regulated by the respective antisense oligonucleotides.	Isoflurane	5-15	solute carrier family 1 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-29
15709112-5	2005	This isoflurane-induced EAAT3 redistribution was also blocked when the expression of PKC alpha but not PKC beta proteins was down-regulated by the respective antisense oligonucleotides.	Isoflurane	5-15	protein kinase C, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	85-94
15709112-5	2005	This isoflurane-induced EAAT3 redistribution was also blocked when the expression of PKC alpha but not PKC beta proteins was down-regulated by the respective antisense oligonucleotides.	Isoflurane	5-15	protein kinase C, beta	Rattus norvegicus	103-111
15709112-6	2005	The isoflurane-induced increase of glutamate uptake by EAAT3 was abolished by the down-regulation of PKC alpha expression.	Isoflurane	4-14	solute carrier family 1 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	55-60
15709112-6	2005	The isoflurane-induced increase of glutamate uptake by EAAT3 was abolished by the down-regulation of PKC alpha expression.	Isoflurane	4-14	protein kinase C, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	101-110
15709112-7	2005	Immunoprecipitation with an anti-EAAT3 antibody pulled down more PKC alpha in cells exposed to isoflurane than in control cells.	Isoflurane	95-105	solute carrier family 1 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	33-38
15709112-7	2005	Immunoprecipitation with an anti-EAAT3 antibody pulled down more PKC alpha in cells exposed to isoflurane than in control cells.	Isoflurane	95-105	protein kinase C, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	65-74
15709112-8	2005	Isoflurane also increased the phosphorylated EAAT3 and the redistribution of PKC alpha to the particulate fraction of cells.	Isoflurane	0-10	solute carrier family 1 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	45-50
15709112-8	2005	Isoflurane also increased the phosphorylated EAAT3 and the redistribution of PKC alpha to the particulate fraction of cells.	Isoflurane	0-10	protein kinase C, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	77-86
15709112-9	2005	Consistent with the results in C6 cells, isoflurane also increased EAAT3 cell-surface expression and enhanced the association of PKC alpha with EAAT3 in rat hippocampal synaptosomes.	Isoflurane	41-51	solute carrier family 1 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	67-72
15709112-9	2005	Consistent with the results in C6 cells, isoflurane also increased EAAT3 cell-surface expression and enhanced the association of PKC alpha with EAAT3 in rat hippocampal synaptosomes.	Isoflurane	41-51	protein kinase C, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	129-138
15709112-9	2005	Consistent with the results in C6 cells, isoflurane also increased EAAT3 cell-surface expression and enhanced the association of PKC alpha with EAAT3 in rat hippocampal synaptosomes.	Isoflurane	41-51	solute carrier family 1 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	144-149
15709112-10	2005	Our results suggest that the isoflurane-induced increase in EAAT3 activity requires an increased amount of EAAT3 protein in the plasma membrane.	Isoflurane	29-39	solute carrier family 1 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	60-65
15709112-10	2005	Our results suggest that the isoflurane-induced increase in EAAT3 activity requires an increased amount of EAAT3 protein in the plasma membrane.	Isoflurane	29-39	solute carrier family 1 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	107-112
15731600-0	2005	Isoflurane neuroprotection in hypoxic hippocampal slice cultures involves increases in intracellular Ca2+ and mitogen-activated protein kinases.	Isoflurane	0-10	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	101-104
15731600-1	2005	BACKGROUND: The volatile anesthetic isoflurane reduces acute and delayed neuron death in vitro models of brain ischemia, an action that the authors hypothesize is related to moderate increases in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i).	Isoflurane	36-46	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	234-237
15731600-2	2005	Specifically, the authors propose that during hypoxia, moderate increases in [Ca2+]i in the presence of isoflurane stimulates the Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation of members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP) kinase Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway that are critical for neuroprotective signaling and suppression of apoptosis.	Isoflurane	104-114	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
15731600-2	2005	Specifically, the authors propose that during hypoxia, moderate increases in [Ca2+]i in the presence of isoflurane stimulates the Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation of members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP) kinase Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway that are critical for neuroprotective signaling and suppression of apoptosis.	Isoflurane	104-114	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	130-133
15731600-2	2005	Specifically, the authors propose that during hypoxia, moderate increases in [Ca2+]i in the presence of isoflurane stimulates the Ca2+-dependent phosphorylation of members of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP) kinase Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway that are critical for neuroprotective signaling and suppression of apoptosis.	Isoflurane	104-114	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	237-240
15731600-6	2005	RESULTS: Isoflurane, 1%, decreased neuron death in CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus neurons after 60 but not 75 min of hypoxia.	Isoflurane	9-19	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
15731600-6	2005	RESULTS: Isoflurane, 1%, decreased neuron death in CA1, CA3, and dentate gyrus neurons after 60 but not 75 min of hypoxia.	Isoflurane	9-19	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
15731600-8	2005	Isoflurane also increased the phosphorylation of Akt during hypoxia.	Isoflurane	0-10	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-52
15542537-0	2005	Role of protein kinase C-epsilon (PKCepsilon) in isoflurane-induced cardioprotection.	Isoflurane	49-59	protein kinase C, epsilon	Rattus norvegicus	8-32
15542537-0	2005	Role of protein kinase C-epsilon (PKCepsilon) in isoflurane-induced cardioprotection.	Isoflurane	49-59	protein kinase C, epsilon	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
15542537-2	2005	We investigated whether cardioprotection by activation of PKCepsilon depends on the isoflurane concentration.	Isoflurane	84-94	protein kinase C, epsilon	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
15542537-11	2005	PKCepsilon was translocated to the membrane fraction after administration of 0.4 MAC isoflurane, but not after 1.0 or 1.75 MAC.	Isoflurane	85-95	protein kinase C, epsilon	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
15680938-5	2005	Mutation of alanine residue 315 within the TM3 to tryptophan increased the potency of GABA and abolished isoflurane modulation.	Isoflurane	105-115	tropomyosin 3	Homo sapiens	43-46
15680938-7	2005	These findings are consistent with the action of isoflurane on a critical site within the transmembrane domains of the receptor and suggest a degree of functional homology between the GABA(A) alpha-1, -2, and -3 subunits.	Isoflurane	49-59	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	192-199
15297469-13	2004	These data suggest that sevoflurane and isoflurane inhibit CGRP-induced vasodilation at the site between the CGRP receptor and adenylate cyclase activation.	Isoflurane	40-50	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	59-63
15618790-9	2005	Isoflurane blocked the nAChR in both resting and activated states.	Isoflurane	0-10	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	23-28
15618790-13	2005	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane, sevoflurane, and halothane potently blocked the alpha4beta2 nAChR.	Isoflurane	13-23	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	85-90
16261463-0	2005	Insulin secretion and glucose utilization are impaired under general anesthesia with sevoflurane as well as isoflurane in a concentration-independent manner.	Isoflurane	108-118	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
15562060-5	2004	With both whole-cell voltage-clamp and patch-clamp recording, TRESK currents increased up to three-fold by clinical concentrations of isoflurane, halothane, sevoflurane, and desflurane.	Isoflurane	134-144	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 18	Homo sapiens	62-67
15564939-6	2004	Isoflurane also attenuated the total density of the Na3VO4-induced, tyrosine-phosphorylated substrate bands and the density of tyrosine-phosphorylated PLCgamma-1 band and p42MAPK band (P < 0.05-0.005; n = 4) in a concentration-dependent manner.	Isoflurane	0-10	phospholipase C, gamma 1	Rattus norvegicus	151-161
15564939-6	2004	Isoflurane also attenuated the total density of the Na3VO4-induced, tyrosine-phosphorylated substrate bands and the density of tyrosine-phosphorylated PLCgamma-1 band and p42MAPK band (P < 0.05-0.005; n = 4) in a concentration-dependent manner.	Isoflurane	0-10	mitogen activated protein kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	171-178
15574546-3	2004	We investigated the effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane on Ang II-induced vasoconstriction in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).	Isoflurane	47-57	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	61-67
15574546-4	2004	METHODS: The dose-dependent effects of sevoflurane and isoflurane on the Ang II-induced contraction of aortic rings, in the presence and absence of an intact endothelium, were investigated in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY) and SHR and compared using isometric force transducers.	Isoflurane	55-65	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	73-79
15574546-7	2004	Sevoflurane and isoflurane (1-3 minimum alveolar concentration) concentration-dependently inhibited the Ang II-induced contraction of endothelium-intact rings from WKY; an effect that was greatly enhanced following removal of the endothelium.	Isoflurane	16-26	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	104-110
15574546-9	2004	The inhibitory effects of isoflurane on the Ang II-induced contraction of aortic rings from both strains appeared to be stronger than that of sevoflurane at equipotent concentrations.	Isoflurane	26-36	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	44-50
15574546-10	2004	CONCLUSION: Our finding that the inhibitory effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane on Ang II-induced vasoconstriction are enhanced in SHR may, at least in part, account for the anesthesia-induced systemic hypotension frequently seen in hypertensive patients.	Isoflurane	55-65	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	85-91
15644869-5	2005	Isoflurane had about the same potency in blocking Ca(v)3.3 and nRT currents, but enflurane, etomidate, propofol, and ethanol exhibited 2-4 fold higher potency in blocking nRT vs Ca(v)3.3 currents.	Isoflurane	0-10	immunoglobulin lambda variable 7-46	Homo sapiens	50-58
15674507-10	2005	RESULTS: Isoflurane and sevoflurane concentration-dependently suppressed adhesion of HL-60 cells to E-selectin-coated plates.	Isoflurane	9-19	selectin E	Homo sapiens	100-110
15556163-3	2004	Isoflurane-induced changes in MAP were monitored in rats following pretreatment with vehicle or one of the following NOS inhibitors: L-NG)monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), which is non-selective; L-NG)nitro arginine (L-NOARG), which is more selective for nNOS and eNOS; and 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), which is selective for nNOS.	Isoflurane	0-10	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	253-257
15556163-3	2004	Isoflurane-induced changes in MAP were monitored in rats following pretreatment with vehicle or one of the following NOS inhibitors: L-NG)monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), which is non-selective; L-NG)nitro arginine (L-NOARG), which is more selective for nNOS and eNOS; and 7-nitroindazole (7-NI), which is selective for nNOS.	Isoflurane	0-10	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	319-323
15556163-11	2004	These findings indicate that the early-phase isoflurane-induced hypotension may involve nNOS as well as eNOS.	Isoflurane	45-55	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	88-92
15556163-12	2004	The nNOS may participate in regulation of isoflurane-induced neuronal release of endogenous opioid peptide, which produces a vasodilation that is dependent on NO derived from an action of eNOS.	Isoflurane	42-52	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-8
15297469-13	2004	These data suggest that sevoflurane and isoflurane inhibit CGRP-induced vasodilation at the site between the CGRP receptor and adenylate cyclase activation.	Isoflurane	40-50	calcitonin related polypeptide alpha	Homo sapiens	109-113
15003977-11	2004	CONCLUSIONS: In C3 mice, spontaneous ventilation was less affected during sevoflurane compared with either isoflurane or desflurane anaesthesia.	Isoflurane	107-117	complement component 3	Mus musculus	16-18
15564939-7	2004	CONCLUSION: The findings of the current study, that isoflurane dose-dependently inhibits both the Na3VO4-stimulated contraction and tyrosine phosphorylation of a set of proteins including PLCgamma-1 and p42MAPK in rat aortic smooth muscle, suggest that isoflurane depresses protein tyrosine phosphorylation-modulated contraction of vascular smooth muscle, especially that mediated by the tyrosine-phosphorylated PLCgamma-1 and MAPK signaling pathways.	Isoflurane	52-62	phospholipase C, gamma 1	Rattus norvegicus	188-198
15564939-7	2004	CONCLUSION: The findings of the current study, that isoflurane dose-dependently inhibits both the Na3VO4-stimulated contraction and tyrosine phosphorylation of a set of proteins including PLCgamma-1 and p42MAPK in rat aortic smooth muscle, suggest that isoflurane depresses protein tyrosine phosphorylation-modulated contraction of vascular smooth muscle, especially that mediated by the tyrosine-phosphorylated PLCgamma-1 and MAPK signaling pathways.	Isoflurane	52-62	mitogen activated protein kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	203-210
15564939-7	2004	CONCLUSION: The findings of the current study, that isoflurane dose-dependently inhibits both the Na3VO4-stimulated contraction and tyrosine phosphorylation of a set of proteins including PLCgamma-1 and p42MAPK in rat aortic smooth muscle, suggest that isoflurane depresses protein tyrosine phosphorylation-modulated contraction of vascular smooth muscle, especially that mediated by the tyrosine-phosphorylated PLCgamma-1 and MAPK signaling pathways.	Isoflurane	52-62	phospholipase C, gamma 1	Rattus norvegicus	412-422
15564939-7	2004	CONCLUSION: The findings of the current study, that isoflurane dose-dependently inhibits both the Na3VO4-stimulated contraction and tyrosine phosphorylation of a set of proteins including PLCgamma-1 and p42MAPK in rat aortic smooth muscle, suggest that isoflurane depresses protein tyrosine phosphorylation-modulated contraction of vascular smooth muscle, especially that mediated by the tyrosine-phosphorylated PLCgamma-1 and MAPK signaling pathways.	Isoflurane	52-62	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	206-210
15488052-4	2004	Using flow cytometry, we studied whether propofol anaesthesia (n = 9) or isoflurane anaesthesia (n = 9) had more effect on the decrease in the Th1/Th2 ratio after surgery in patients undergoing craniotomy.	Isoflurane	73-83	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	143-146
15488052-5	2004	The Th1/Th2 ratio decreased significantly after isoflurane anaesthesia (p = 0.011), while it did not change after propofol anaesthesia.	Isoflurane	48-58	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	4-7
15595580-2	2004	We therefore evaluated the effects of isoflurane administration before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on postoperative cardiac troponin I (cTnI) release and clinical outcome in a large group of adult patients scheduled for cardiac surgery.	Isoflurane	38-48	troponin I3, cardiac type	Homo sapiens	117-135
15595580-2	2004	We therefore evaluated the effects of isoflurane administration before cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) on postoperative cardiac troponin I (cTnI) release and clinical outcome in a large group of adult patients scheduled for cardiac surgery.	Isoflurane	38-48	troponin I3, cardiac type	Homo sapiens	137-141
15277921-0	2004	Protein kinase C-epsilon primes the cardiac sarcolemmal adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel to modulation by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	124-134	protein kinase C epsilon type	Cavia porcellus	0-24
15505448-0	2004	Isoflurane alters the amount of dopamine transporter expressed on the plasma membrane in humans.	Isoflurane	0-10	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	32-52
15505448-1	2004	BACKGROUND: Isoflurane increases extracellular dopamine concentration and causes trafficking of the dopamine transporter (DAT) in transfected cells.	Isoflurane	12-22	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	100-120
15505448-1	2004	BACKGROUND: Isoflurane increases extracellular dopamine concentration and causes trafficking of the dopamine transporter (DAT) in transfected cells.	Isoflurane	12-22	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	122-125
15505448-2	2004	Also, the binding potentials of highly specific positron-emitting DAT ligands are altered by isoflurane in rhesus monkeys.	Isoflurane	93-103	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Macaca mulatta	66-69
15505448-10	2004	CONCLUSION: Isoflurane causes a dose-dependent change in the [F-18]FECNT binding potential for DAT consistent with isoflurane causing trafficking of the DAT between the plasma membrane and the cell interior.	Isoflurane	12-22	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	95-98
15505448-10	2004	CONCLUSION: Isoflurane causes a dose-dependent change in the [F-18]FECNT binding potential for DAT consistent with isoflurane causing trafficking of the DAT between the plasma membrane and the cell interior.	Isoflurane	12-22	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	153-156
15505448-10	2004	CONCLUSION: Isoflurane causes a dose-dependent change in the [F-18]FECNT binding potential for DAT consistent with isoflurane causing trafficking of the DAT between the plasma membrane and the cell interior.	Isoflurane	115-125	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	95-98
15505448-10	2004	CONCLUSION: Isoflurane causes a dose-dependent change in the [F-18]FECNT binding potential for DAT consistent with isoflurane causing trafficking of the DAT between the plasma membrane and the cell interior.	Isoflurane	115-125	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	153-156
15505448-11	2004	Concentrations of isoflurane below minimum alveolar concentration causes DAT to be trafficked to the plasma membrane from the cell interior, but no net trafficking occurs at higher concentrations.	Isoflurane	18-28	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	73-76
15505448-12	2004	The data are most easily explained if isoflurane alters the amount of functionally expressed DAT through an indirect pathway.	Isoflurane	38-48	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	93-96
15449957-2	2004	Binding to serum albumin is exothermic, yielding enthalpies (DeltaH(obs)) of -3 to -6 kcal/mol for BSA with a rank order of apparent equilibrium association constants (K(a) values): desflurane > isoflurane approximately enflurane > halothane >or= sevoflurane, with the differences being largely ascribed to entropic contributions.	Isoflurane	198-208	albumin	Bos taurus	11-24
15448526-0	2004	Influence of GABAA receptor gamma2 splice variants on receptor kinetics and isoflurane modulation.	Isoflurane	76-86	tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	28-34
15448526-12	2004	Coexpression with a gamma2 subunit caused these effects of isoflurane to be substantially reduced or abolished.	Isoflurane	59-69	tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	20-26
15254804-8	2004	FINDINGS: Prolonged isoflurane (1.8 vol%) anesthesia significantly increased EEG activity, plasma, cortical extracellular, and CSF glutamate, cortical and hippocampal 125I-Mk801 NMDA receptor binding, and cerebral water content in brain-injured rats.	Isoflurane	20-30	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	127-130
15254804-10	2004	At 24 hours, CSF glutamate was significantly reduced following long isoflurane anesthesia compared to rats previously subjected to short anesthesia despite an earlier significant increase.	Isoflurane	68-78	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
15194624-0	2004	Thiopental and isoflurane attenuate the decrease in hippocampal phosphorylated Focal Adhesion Kinase (pp125FAK) content induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation.	Isoflurane	15-25	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	102-110
15194624-2	2004	Here, we hypothesized that oxygen-glucose deprivation decreases the ATP-dependent phosphorylation process of Focal Adhesion Kinase (pp125FAK, a functionally important non-receptor tyrosine kinase), and that this phenomenon is attenuated by thiopental and isoflurane.	Isoflurane	255-265	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	132-140
15194624-9	2004	Under control conditions, thiopental (1, 10, and 100 microM) and isoflurane (0.5, 1, and 2%) increased pp125FAK phosphorylation in a concentration-related fashion.	Isoflurane	65-75	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	103-111
15170819-0	2004	Isoflurane induces dopamine transporter trafficking into the cell cytoplasm.	Isoflurane	0-10	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	19-39
15170819-1	2004	Previous investigations have shown that the binding of a selective hydrophilic positron emission tomography radiotracer for the dopamine transporter (DAT) (2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-(2-18F-fluoroethyl)nortropane) decreased in monkey striatum during deep isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	272-282	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	128-148
15170819-1	2004	Previous investigations have shown that the binding of a selective hydrophilic positron emission tomography radiotracer for the dopamine transporter (DAT) (2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-(2-18F-fluoroethyl)nortropane) decreased in monkey striatum during deep isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	272-282	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	150-153
15170819-2	2004	Immunohistochemistry experiments suggested but did not prove that isoflurane induced a decrease in cell surface DAT.	Isoflurane	66-76	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	112-115
15170819-3	2004	The present investigation was undertaken to demonstrate quantitatively the isoflurane-induced internalization of DAT using a rapid and relatively uncomplicated biochemical technique in human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cells stably expressing the human DAT (h-DAT) protein.	Isoflurane	75-85	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	113-116
15170819-3	2004	The present investigation was undertaken to demonstrate quantitatively the isoflurane-induced internalization of DAT using a rapid and relatively uncomplicated biochemical technique in human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cells stably expressing the human DAT (h-DAT) protein.	Isoflurane	75-85	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	252-255
15170819-3	2004	The present investigation was undertaken to demonstrate quantitatively the isoflurane-induced internalization of DAT using a rapid and relatively uncomplicated biochemical technique in human embryonic kidney (HEK-293) cells stably expressing the human DAT (h-DAT) protein.	Isoflurane	75-85	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	252-255
15170819-4	2004	Biotinylation followed by Western blot analysis was used to determine the extent of change in cell surface expression of the DAT under control conditions and in the presence of a clinically relevant concentration of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	216-226	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	125-128
15170819-5	2004	Isoflurane treatment for 30 min resulted in a highly significant decrease in the amount of h-DAT on the cell surface (21 +/- 15% of control; P < 0.01) (mean +/- SD; n = 4).	Isoflurane	0-10	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	93-96
15170819-6	2004	These data are consistent with the hypothesis that isoflurane results in internalization of DAT from the cell membrane and further validate our qualitative results reported previously.	Isoflurane	51-61	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	92-95
15196104-11	2004	As MPG mitigated the increase in [Ca2+]i, isoflurane seems to enhance ROS-mediated effects on intracellular Ca2+ handling in cellular ischemia.	Isoflurane	42-52	N-methylpurine-DNA glycosylase	Rattus norvegicus	3-6
15108964-0	2004	Isoflurane produces delayed preconditioning against myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury: role of cyclooxygenase-2.	Isoflurane	0-10	prostaglandin G/H synthase 2	Oryctolagus cuniculus	104-120
15087624-1	2004	BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to determine whether endothelin-A receptor blockade (ETAB) impairs hemodynamic and hormonal regulation compared with controls and angiotensin II receptor blockade (AT1B) during hypotensive hemorrhage in dogs under isoflurane-nitrous oxide anesthesia.	Isoflurane	258-268	endothelin receptor type A	Canis lupus familiaris	65-86
14980940-17	2004	After 7 days, the number of caspase-3 and -9 positive neurons was more in the isoflurane group (P < 0.05).	Isoflurane	78-88	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	28-44
15041589-0	2004	Xenon and isoflurane differentially modulate lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of the nuclear transcription factor KB and production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in monocytes.	Isoflurane	10-20	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	140-167
15041589-0	2004	Xenon and isoflurane differentially modulate lipopolysaccharide-induced activation of the nuclear transcription factor KB and production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in monocytes.	Isoflurane	10-20	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	172-185
15041589-2	2004	In this study, we investigated the effect of xenon and isoflurane on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced activation of the nuclear transcription factor (NF)-kappaB and production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-6 in vitro.	Isoflurane	55-65	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	124-164
15041589-8	2004	In contrast, isoflurane inhibited the activation of NF-kappaB, which was associated with a decreased production of TNF-alpha and IL-6.	Isoflurane	13-23	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	52-61
15041589-8	2004	In contrast, isoflurane inhibited the activation of NF-kappaB, which was associated with a decreased production of TNF-alpha and IL-6.	Isoflurane	13-23	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	115-124
15041589-8	2004	In contrast, isoflurane inhibited the activation of NF-kappaB, which was associated with a decreased production of TNF-alpha and IL-6.	Isoflurane	13-23	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	129-133
15041589-9	2004	Our results demonstrate that xenon and isoflurane have opposite effects on the LPS-induced production of TNF-alpha and IL-6.	Isoflurane	39-49	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	105-114
15041589-9	2004	Our results demonstrate that xenon and isoflurane have opposite effects on the LPS-induced production of TNF-alpha and IL-6.	Isoflurane	39-49	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	119-123
15041589-10	2004	Furthermore, xenon increases, whereas isoflurane inhibits the activation of NF-kappaB, providing a possible molecular mechanism for the different effects on monocyte TNF-alpha and IL-6 production.	Isoflurane	38-48	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	76-85
15041589-10	2004	Furthermore, xenon increases, whereas isoflurane inhibits the activation of NF-kappaB, providing a possible molecular mechanism for the different effects on monocyte TNF-alpha and IL-6 production.	Isoflurane	38-48	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	166-175
15041589-10	2004	Furthermore, xenon increases, whereas isoflurane inhibits the activation of NF-kappaB, providing a possible molecular mechanism for the different effects on monocyte TNF-alpha and IL-6 production.	Isoflurane	38-48	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	180-184
15041589-11	2004	IMPLICATIONS: This study has shown that monocytes respond to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence of xenon with an increased activation of nuclear transcription factor (NF)-kappaB, whereas isoflurane inhibits LPS-induced activation of NF-kappaB.	Isoflurane	193-203	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	239-248
15108964-13	2004	Furthermore, COX-2 is an important mediator of isoflurane-induced delayed preconditioning.	Isoflurane	47-57	cytochrome c oxidase subunit II	Oryctolagus cuniculus	13-18
15108965-0	2004	Protein kinase C translocation and Src protein tyrosine kinase activation mediate isoflurane-induced preconditioning in vivo: potential downstream targets of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels and reactive oxygen species.	Isoflurane	82-92	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	0-16
15108965-0	2004	Protein kinase C translocation and Src protein tyrosine kinase activation mediate isoflurane-induced preconditioning in vivo: potential downstream targets of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channels and reactive oxygen species.	Isoflurane	82-92	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	35-38
15108965-1	2004	BACKGROUND: The authors tested the hypotheses that protein kinase C (PKC)-specific isoform translocation and Src protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) activation play important roles in isoflurane-induced preconditioning in vivo.	Isoflurane	178-188	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	51-67
15108965-1	2004	BACKGROUND: The authors tested the hypotheses that protein kinase C (PKC)-specific isoform translocation and Src protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) activation play important roles in isoflurane-induced preconditioning in vivo.	Isoflurane	178-188	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	69-72
15108965-1	2004	BACKGROUND: The authors tested the hypotheses that protein kinase C (PKC)-specific isoform translocation and Src protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) activation play important roles in isoflurane-induced preconditioning in vivo.	Isoflurane	178-188	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	109-112
15108965-7	2004	Chelerythrine, rottlerin, PKC-epsilonV1-2 peptide, lavendustin A, PP1, 5-hydroxydecanote, and N-acetylcysteine abolished the anti-ischemic actions of isoflurane (58 +/- 2% [n = 8], 50 +/- 3% [n = 9], 53 +/- 2% [n = 9], 59 +/- 3% [n = 6], 57 +/- 3% [n = 7], 60 +/- 3% [n = 7], and 53 +/- 3% [n = 6], respectively).	Isoflurane	150-160	neuropeptide Y receptor Y4	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
15108965-8	2004	Isoflurane stimulated translocation of the delta and epsilon isoforms of PKC to sarcolemmal and mitochondrial membranes, respectively.	Isoflurane	0-10	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
15108965-9	2004	CONCLUSIONS: Protein kinase C-delta, PKC-epsilon, and Src PTK mediate isoflurane-induced preconditioning in the intact rat heart.	Isoflurane	70-80	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	54-57
14642446-5	2003	Uninjured rats treated with fentanyl vs. isoflurane showed 35-45% higher CMRglu in all brain structures (p<0.05) except CA3.	Isoflurane	41-51	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	123-126
15013491-2	2004	Prior to FDG injection, 12 mice were anesthetized with isoflurane gas; 11 mice were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of a ketamine/xylazine mixture; and 11 mice were awake.	Isoflurane	55-65	growth arrest specific 8	Mus musculus	66-73
15290420-6	2004	RESULTS: Isoflurane activated p38 MAPK by itself, but halothane did not.	Isoflurane	9-19	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	30-33
15290420-7	2004	Halothane or isoflurane augmented the LPS- and TNF-induced activation of p38 MAPK.	Isoflurane	13-23	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	47-50
15290420-7	2004	Halothane or isoflurane augmented the LPS- and TNF-induced activation of p38 MAPK.	Isoflurane	13-23	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	73-76
15621932-9	2004	Isoflurane had no effect on plasma antioxidant enzymes, but, similar to the others, isoflurane decreased the plasma zinc levels, erythrocyte SOD and GSH-Px activities and trace element levels.	Isoflurane	84-94	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	141-144
15290420-0	2004	The volatile anesthetics halothane and isoflurane differentially modulate proinflammatory cytokine-induced p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation.	Isoflurane	39-49	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	107-110
15290420-2	2004	Toward a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the modulation exerted by these agents, we focused on the effects of halothane and isoflurane on the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which plays a critical role in the cellular responses to extracellular stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 1 (IL-1).	Isoflurane	148-158	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	180-216
15290420-2	2004	Toward a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the modulation exerted by these agents, we focused on the effects of halothane and isoflurane on the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which plays a critical role in the cellular responses to extracellular stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 1 (IL-1).	Isoflurane	148-158	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	378-399
15290420-2	2004	Toward a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the modulation exerted by these agents, we focused on the effects of halothane and isoflurane on the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which plays a critical role in the cellular responses to extracellular stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 1 (IL-1).	Isoflurane	148-158	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	401-404
15290420-2	2004	Toward a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind the modulation exerted by these agents, we focused on the effects of halothane and isoflurane on the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), which plays a critical role in the cellular responses to extracellular stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin 1 (IL-1).	Isoflurane	148-158	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	410-430
14642446-6	2003	After TBI in rats treated with isoflurane, CMRglu increased significantly only in ipsilateral CA1 and ipsilateral parietal cortex (p<0.05 vs. isoflurane uninjured).	Isoflurane	31-41	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-97
14621991-9	2003	Halothane photolabeling of deltaTyr-228 provides initial evidence that halothane and isoflurane bind within this pocket with occupancy or access increased in the nAChR desensitized state compared to the closed channel state.	Isoflurane	85-95	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	162-167
14639147-4	2003	METHODS: Rat cultured C6 glioma cells that express excitatory amino acid transporter type 3 (EAAT3) were exposed to isoflurane at various concentrations (0.5-4.0%) or for different periods (1-24 h) at 37 degrees C. EAAT3 mRNA, proteins, and activity were quantified.	Isoflurane	116-126	solute carrier family 1 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-98
14639147-5	2003	RESULTS: Isoflurane induced a time- and concentration-dependent increase in the mRNA and protein levels of EAAT3 in C6 cells.	Isoflurane	9-19	solute carrier family 1 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	107-112
14639147-6	2003	The maximal increase was induced by 2% isoflurane, and the cells incubated with 2% isoflurane for 3 and 7 h expressed the highest levels of EAAT3 mRNA and proteins, respectively.	Isoflurane	39-49	solute carrier family 1 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	140-145
14639147-6	2003	The maximal increase was induced by 2% isoflurane, and the cells incubated with 2% isoflurane for 3 and 7 h expressed the highest levels of EAAT3 mRNA and proteins, respectively.	Isoflurane	83-93	solute carrier family 1 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	140-145
14639147-10	2003	The combination of 2% isoflurane and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate caused a higher level of EAAT3 expression than that induced by 2% isoflurane alone.	Isoflurane	22-32	solute carrier family 1 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-99
14639147-10	2003	The combination of 2% isoflurane and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate caused a higher level of EAAT3 expression than that induced by 2% isoflurane alone.	Isoflurane	135-145	solute carrier family 1 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-99
14639147-12	2003	CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that isoflurane increases the expression and activity of EAAT3 by stabilizing EAAT3 mRNA and proteins via protein kinase C- and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-independent pathways.	Isoflurane	52-62	solute carrier family 1 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	104-109
14639147-12	2003	CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that isoflurane increases the expression and activity of EAAT3 by stabilizing EAAT3 mRNA and proteins via protein kinase C- and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-independent pathways.	Isoflurane	52-62	solute carrier family 1 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	125-130
14633539-0	2003	Orexin a elicits arousal electroencephalography without sympathetic cardiovascular activation in isoflurane-anesthetized rats.	Isoflurane	97-107	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
14633539-2	2003	The administration of orexin A changed burst suppression patterns to arousal patterns on the EEG at 1.0 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC) isoflurane and decreased the burst suppression ratio at 1.5 MAC isoflurane.	Isoflurane	152-162	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	22-30
14633539-2	2003	The administration of orexin A changed burst suppression patterns to arousal patterns on the EEG at 1.0 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration (MAC) isoflurane and decreased the burst suppression ratio at 1.5 MAC isoflurane.	Isoflurane	216-226	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	22-30
14633539-4	2003	These findings demonstrated that orexin A elicited anesthetic arousal under isoflurane anesthesia in terms of EEG pattern without sympathetic cardiovascular activation in the rat.	Isoflurane	76-86	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	33-41
14633539-7	2003	Orexin A induced EEG arousal without sympathetic cardiovascular activation in the isoflurane-anesthetized rat.	Isoflurane	82-92	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
12873938-10	2003	These results indicate that 5HT2A receptors are in the neural circuitry influencing isoflurane MAC.	Isoflurane	84-94	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Rattus norvegicus	28-33
14576552-7	2003	RESULTS: Isoflurane reduced the percentage of hippocampal CA1 dead neurons (e.g., 10 min bilateral carotid occlusion + hypotension: 43 +/- 18 (isoflurane) vs. 67 +/- 20 (fentanyl/N2O), P = 0.003; 20 min bilateral carotid occlusion + normotension: 49 +/- 27 (isoflurane) vs. 71 +/- 22 (fentanyl/N2O), P = 0.003).	Isoflurane	9-19	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	58-61
14576552-8	2003	Isoflurane also reduced CA3 damage and improved neurologic function under all conditions.	Isoflurane	0-10	carbonic anhydrase 3	Mus musculus	24-27
12967683-7	2003	These findings suggest that early-phase isoflurane-induced hypotension may be due to activation of peripheral mu-opioid receptors by an endogenous opioid peptide, possibly related to methionine-enkephalin.	Isoflurane	40-50	proenkephalin	Rattus norvegicus	194-204
12873938-11	2003	These results, together with the blocking action of isoflurane on expressed 5HT2A receptors, strengthen the case for a role for 5HT2A receptors to isoflurane-induced immobility.	Isoflurane	52-62	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Rattus norvegicus	128-133
12873938-11	2003	These results, together with the blocking action of isoflurane on expressed 5HT2A receptors, strengthen the case for a role for 5HT2A receptors to isoflurane-induced immobility.	Isoflurane	147-157	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Rattus norvegicus	128-133
12873954-7	2003	Isoflurane and the selective GABA(A) agonist muscimol (25 micro M) reduced cell death after OGD to values similar to slices not exposed to OGD, with the exception that muscimol did not reduce cell death in CA3 neurons 2 days after OGD.	Isoflurane	0-10	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	206-209
12873938-11	2003	These results, together with the blocking action of isoflurane on expressed 5HT2A receptors, strengthen the case for a role for 5HT2A receptors to isoflurane-induced immobility.	Isoflurane	52-62	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A	Rattus norvegicus	76-81
12832088-0	2003	The effect of isoflurane on erythrocyte membranes studied by ATR-FTIR.	Isoflurane	14-24	ATR serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	61-64
12873954-12	2003	In organotypic cultures of rat hippocampus, we show that protection of CA1, CA3, and dentate neurons by 1% isoflurane from death caused by oxygen and glucose deprivation involves GABA(A) receptors.	Isoflurane	107-117	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
12873954-12	2003	In organotypic cultures of rat hippocampus, we show that protection of CA1, CA3, and dentate neurons by 1% isoflurane from death caused by oxygen and glucose deprivation involves GABA(A) receptors.	Isoflurane	107-117	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	76-79
12869642-10	2003	These results are consistent with direct inhibition of oxytocin and vasopressin release from the neurohypophysis by isoflurane and propofol.	Isoflurane	116-126	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	68-79
12625507-8	2003	Insulin sensitivity was greatly impaired by anesthesia with isoflurane, but was not affected by use of the anxiolytic agent diazepam.	Isoflurane	60-70	insulin	Sus scrofa	0-7
12699513-6	2003	RESULTS: Isoflurane reduced significantly the expression of PSGL-1 on unstimulated monocytes, whereas the remaining selectins and beta2-integrins were not affected.	Isoflurane	9-19	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	60-66
12699513-8	2003	Furthermore, at 1 MAC isoflurane the FMLP-induced increase in CD11a expression was significantly inhibited.	Isoflurane	22-32	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	37-41
12699513-8	2003	Furthermore, at 1 MAC isoflurane the FMLP-induced increase in CD11a expression was significantly inhibited.	Isoflurane	22-32	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	62-67
12699513-10	2003	CONCLUSION: Isoflurane increases the removal of the selectin PSGL-1 from the monocyte surface.	Isoflurane	12-22	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	61-67
12552200-0	2003	Interaction of isoflurane with the dopamine transporter.	Isoflurane	15-25	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	35-55
12552200-2	2003	Because the dopamine transporter (DAT) is a key regulator of DA, it is likely affected by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	90-100	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	12-32
12552200-2	2003	Because the dopamine transporter (DAT) is a key regulator of DA, it is likely affected by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	90-100	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
12552200-3	2003	This study investigates the hypothesis that isoflurane inhibits DA reuptake by causing DAT to be trafficked into the cell.	Isoflurane	44-54	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
12552200-7	2003	Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses were performed in rats to determine if isoflurane administration would change the total amount of DAT.	Isoflurane	86-96	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	145-148
12552200-14	2003	CONCLUSIONS: The experiments indicate that DAT is trafficked into the cell by isoflurane without changing the total amount of DAT in the striatum.	Isoflurane	78-88	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
12456428-0	2002	Isoflurane, but not halothane, depresses c-fos expression in rat spinal cord at concentrations that suppress reflex movement after supramaximal noxious stimulation.	Isoflurane	0-10	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	41-46
12502982-7	2003	RESULTS: Halothane, isoflurane, and enflurane (1 minimum alveolar concentration [MAC], 4 h) decreased rmIL-1beta-stimulated AT II cell secretions of interleukin-6, MIP-2, and MCP-1, but did not modify total protein secretion.	Isoflurane	20-30	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	149-162
12502982-7	2003	RESULTS: Halothane, isoflurane, and enflurane (1 minimum alveolar concentration [MAC], 4 h) decreased rmIL-1beta-stimulated AT II cell secretions of interleukin-6, MIP-2, and MCP-1, but did not modify total protein secretion.	Isoflurane	20-30	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Rattus norvegicus	164-169
12502982-7	2003	RESULTS: Halothane, isoflurane, and enflurane (1 minimum alveolar concentration [MAC], 4 h) decreased rmIL-1beta-stimulated AT II cell secretions of interleukin-6, MIP-2, and MCP-1, but did not modify total protein secretion.	Isoflurane	20-30	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Rattus norvegicus	175-180
12502984-8	2003	Isoflurane pretreatment prevented the acidosis and endothelial damage to mesenteric and aortic vessels, and attenuated the increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha associated with lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation.	Isoflurane	0-10	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	135-162
12502984-9	2003	CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with 30 min of isoflurane attenuated the decrease in MAP and endothelium-dependent vasodilation, the acidosis, the increase in tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and the damage to the vascular endothelium associated with lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in rats.	Isoflurane	40-50	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	152-179
12505937-6	2003	Volatile anesthetics did not attenuate the release of CGRP after spinal cord stimulation, whereas isoflurane at 2% and halothane at 1.5% significantly inhibited depressor responses to exogenously administered CGRP.	Isoflurane	98-108	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	209-213
12505937-8	2003	Thus, isoflurane and halothane at large concentrations attenuate NANC depressor responses by attenuating the depressor action of CGRP, not CGRP release.	Isoflurane	6-16	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	129-133
12505937-9	2003	IMPLICATIONS: The anesthetics isoflurane and halothane attenuate nonadrenergic, noncholinergic depressor responses mediated by calcitonin gene-related peptide in the rat without affecting the release of the peptide.	Isoflurane	30-40	calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha	Rattus norvegicus	127-158
12145051-1	2002	UNLABELLED: Isoflurane and normal alkanols reduce the apparent agonist dissociation constant (Kd) of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) at clinically relevant concentrations, whereas cyclopropane and butane do not.	Isoflurane	12-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	105-137
12357151-6	2002	NMDA-gated currents mediated by NR2A-containing receptors were less sensitive to isoflurane than those mediated by NR2B-containing receptors.	Isoflurane	81-91	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A	Homo sapiens	32-36
12357151-10	2002	This effect of isoflurane was subunit dependent with the NR2B-containing receptors more sensitive to isoflurane than the NR2A-containing receptors.	Isoflurane	15-25	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Homo sapiens	57-61
12357151-10	2002	This effect of isoflurane was subunit dependent with the NR2B-containing receptors more sensitive to isoflurane than the NR2A-containing receptors.	Isoflurane	15-25	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A	Homo sapiens	121-125
12357151-10	2002	This effect of isoflurane was subunit dependent with the NR2B-containing receptors more sensitive to isoflurane than the NR2A-containing receptors.	Isoflurane	101-111	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Homo sapiens	57-61
12198042-4	2002	Therefore, we assessed whether isoflurane affects the activation of the selectins P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) and L-selectin and the beta(2)-integrins CD11a and CD11b.	Isoflurane	31-41	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	82-114
12198042-4	2002	Therefore, we assessed whether isoflurane affects the activation of the selectins P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) and L-selectin and the beta(2)-integrins CD11a and CD11b.	Isoflurane	31-41	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	116-122
12198042-4	2002	Therefore, we assessed whether isoflurane affects the activation of the selectins P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) and L-selectin and the beta(2)-integrins CD11a and CD11b.	Isoflurane	31-41	selectin L	Homo sapiens	128-138
12198042-7	2002	Activation of adhesion molecules was evaluated via flow cytometry, and 1 MAC isoflurane reduced the expression of CD11a in the unstimulated samples.	Isoflurane	77-87	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	114-119
12198042-8	2002	After stimulation with FMLP and PMA, shedding of L-selectin was lower in the presence of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	89-99	selectin L	Homo sapiens	49-59
12198042-9	2002	Furthermore, 1 MAC isoflurane reduced FMLP-induced activation of CD11a and CD11b compared with unexposed blood samples.	Isoflurane	19-29	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	65-70
12198042-9	2002	Furthermore, 1 MAC isoflurane reduced FMLP-induced activation of CD11a and CD11b compared with unexposed blood samples.	Isoflurane	19-29	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	75-80
12198042-11	2002	First, isoflurane inhibits the activation of L-selectin, which mediates the neutrophil tethering and rolling on the vascular endothelium.	Isoflurane	7-17	selectin L	Homo sapiens	45-55
12198042-12	2002	Second, isoflurane attenuates the activation of both beta(2)-integrins-CD11a and CD11b-which mediate firm adhesion and transendothelial migration.	Isoflurane	8-18	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	71-76
12198042-12	2002	Second, isoflurane attenuates the activation of both beta(2)-integrins-CD11a and CD11b-which mediate firm adhesion and transendothelial migration.	Isoflurane	8-18	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	81-86
12198042-14	2002	This study indicates that the inhibiting effect of isoflurane on neutrophil recruitment may be mediated by a decreased activation of the L-selectin and by attenuation of the activation of the beta(2)-integrins CD11a and CD11b.	Isoflurane	51-61	selectin L	Homo sapiens	137-147
12198042-14	2002	This study indicates that the inhibiting effect of isoflurane on neutrophil recruitment may be mediated by a decreased activation of the L-selectin and by attenuation of the activation of the beta(2)-integrins CD11a and CD11b.	Isoflurane	51-61	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	210-215
12198042-14	2002	This study indicates that the inhibiting effect of isoflurane on neutrophil recruitment may be mediated by a decreased activation of the L-selectin and by attenuation of the activation of the beta(2)-integrins CD11a and CD11b.	Isoflurane	51-61	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	220-225
12514331-4	2002	Electroacupuncture for 30 minutes at LI-4, SP-6, ST-36 and TH-8 acupoints lowered the MAC of isoflurane by 17.5 +/- 3.1%, 21.3 +/- 8.0%, 20.5 +/- 8.2% and 15.6    3.1%, respectively (p < 0.05).	Isoflurane	93-103	Sp6 transcription factor	Canis lupus familiaris	43-47
12514331-9	2002	These results indicate that EA at LI-4, SP-6 and ST-36 have advantages in isoflurane anesthesia in terms of reducing the dose of anesthetics and minimizing cardiovascular side effects.	Isoflurane	74-84	Sp6 transcription factor	Canis lupus familiaris	34-44
12411807-11	2002	The inhibitory effects of isoflurane on I(Kdr) chord conductance were greater than those on I(Ca,L) (P < 0.05; n = 6/group).	Isoflurane	26-36	vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Cavia porcellus	42-45
12411807-12	2002	Both I(Ca,L) inactivation and I(Kdr) activation kinetics were accelerated by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	77-87	vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Cavia porcellus	32-35
12411807-14	2002	CONCLUSION: At the lower anesthetic concentration, the prolongation of the APD may be the result of the dominant inhibitory effects of isoflurane on I(Kdr).	Isoflurane	135-145	vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Cavia porcellus	151-154
12411807-16	2002	Because I(Kdr) is significantly inhibited by isoflurane, I(Kir) appears to be the major repolarizing current, which is minimally affected by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	45-55	vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2	Cavia porcellus	10-13
12351264-4	2002	At clinical concentrations, human NET was inhibited only by halothane (50% inhibitory concentration [IC(50)] = 0.54 mM), rat DAT was sensitive to both halothane and isoflurane (IC(50) = 0.60 and 0.64 mM, respectively), and rat GAT-1 was insensitive to both volatile anesthetics.	Isoflurane	165-175	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	125-128
12218532-0	2002	Isoflurane alters angiotensin II-induced Ca2+ mobilization in aortic smooth muscle cells from hypertensive rats: implication of cytoskeleton.	Isoflurane	0-10	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	18-32
12218532-2	2002	Isoflurane was reported to decrease vascular tone through an alteration of vascular smooth muscle cell vasomotor response to several agonists, but its effect on AngII signaling is not known.	Isoflurane	0-10	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	161-166
12218532-4	2002	In this study, the authors tested the hypothesis that (1) isoflurane alters AngII-induced intracellular Ca mobilization in aortic vascular smooth muscle cell from Wistar Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats, and (2) this effect could be associated with an alteration of the organization of microtubular network, reported to be involved in AngII signaling.	Isoflurane	58-68	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	76-81
12218532-4	2002	In this study, the authors tested the hypothesis that (1) isoflurane alters AngII-induced intracellular Ca mobilization in aortic vascular smooth muscle cell from Wistar Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats, and (2) this effect could be associated with an alteration of the organization of microtubular network, reported to be involved in AngII signaling.	Isoflurane	58-68	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	344-349
12218532-5	2002	METHODS: The effect of 0.5-3% isoflurane was studied (1) on AngII (10 m)-induced intracellular Ca mobilization, intracellular Ca release from internal stores, and Ca influx in Fura-2 loaded cultured aortic vascular smooth muscle cell isolated from 6-week-old Wistar Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats, using fluorescent imaging microscopy; and (2) on the organization of cytoskeletal elements, using immunofluorescence labeling.	Isoflurane	30-40	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	60-65
12218532-6	2002	RESULTS: In both stains, isoflurane decreased in a concentration-dependent manner AngII-induced intracellular Ca mobilization, Ca release from internal stores, and Ca influx through nifedipine-insensitive Ca channels.	Isoflurane	25-35	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	82-87
12218532-8	2002	In both strains, the effect of isoflurane on AngII- Ca mobilization was abolished by impairment with nocodazole, vinblastine, or paclitaxel of microtubules polymerization.	Isoflurane	31-41	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	45-50
12218532-10	2002	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane decreased AngII-induced Ca mobilization at clinically relevant concentrations, suggesting that vascular response to AngII could be altered during isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	13-23	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	34-39
12218532-10	2002	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane decreased AngII-induced Ca mobilization at clinically relevant concentrations, suggesting that vascular response to AngII could be altered during isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	13-23	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	140-145
12218532-10	2002	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane decreased AngII-induced Ca mobilization at clinically relevant concentrations, suggesting that vascular response to AngII could be altered during isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	170-180	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	34-39
12218532-10	2002	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane decreased AngII-induced Ca mobilization at clinically relevant concentrations, suggesting that vascular response to AngII could be altered during isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	170-180	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	140-145
12145051-1	2002	UNLABELLED: Isoflurane and normal alkanols reduce the apparent agonist dissociation constant (Kd) of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) at clinically relevant concentrations, whereas cyclopropane and butane do not.	Isoflurane	12-22	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	139-144
12102568-0	2002	Effects of ketamine-xylazine and isoflurane on insulin sensitivity in dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate-treated minipigs (Sus scrofa domestica).	Isoflurane	33-43	insulin	Sus scrofa	47-54
12131100-2	2002	METHODS: Rat vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cell and human umbilical vascular endothelial cell (HUVEC) cultures were used to determine whether pretreatment with 30 min of isoflurane decreases cell death from tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 1 (IL-1 beta), and interferon (IFN-gamma) alone or in combination.	Isoflurane	169-179	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	206-233
11981163-15	2002	Isoflurane at 2 MAC depressed both HR plateaus and decreased BP50 in both groups.	Isoflurane	0-10	Blood pressure QTL 50	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
12003817-6	2002	In terms of HR, ISO is the preferred anesthetic for the Swiss, CD-1, and C57Bl6 strains.	Isoflurane	16-19	CD1 antigen complex	Mus musculus	63-67
11927486-8	2002	Constriction to ET-1 was reduced by 2 MAC of isoflurane [21 +/- 1% (control) vs 13 +/- 5% (2 MAC) constriction to ET-1 10(-8) M, P < 0.05], but not by 1 MAC of isoflurane in control vessels.	Isoflurane	163-173	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-20
11605938-4	2001	To obtain an indication whether these findings may be specific to Kv3 channels, the effects of enflurane and isoflurane on human Kv1.1 channels were also investigated.	Isoflurane	109-119	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	129-134
11927486-8	2002	Constriction to ET-1 was reduced by 2 MAC of isoflurane [21 +/- 1% (control) vs 13 +/- 5% (2 MAC) constriction to ET-1 10(-8) M, P < 0.05], but not by 1 MAC of isoflurane in control vessels.	Isoflurane	45-55	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-20
11927486-8	2002	Constriction to ET-1 was reduced by 2 MAC of isoflurane [21 +/- 1% (control) vs 13 +/- 5% (2 MAC) constriction to ET-1 10(-8) M, P < 0.05], but not by 1 MAC of isoflurane in control vessels.	Isoflurane	45-55	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-118
11927486-9	2002	Constriction to ET-1 was greatly attenuated by 1 or 2 MAC of isoflurane after SAH [32 +/- 5% (SAH) vs 18 +/- 4% (SAH/2 MAC) constriction to ET-1 10(-8) M, P < 0.05].	Isoflurane	61-71	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	140-144
11927486-10	2002	CONCLUSION: In rats, isoflurane does not further impair EDD after SAH and modulates the constrictive response to ET-1.	Isoflurane	21-31	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	113-117
12020046-1	2002	The study investigated in vitro effects of halothane, isoflurane, ketamine, sevoflurane, prilocaine, diazepam, and midazolam on enzymatic activity of human red blood cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD; E.C.	Isoflurane	54-64	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	171-204
11964602-12	2002	MPG and MnTBAP themselves had no effect on infarct size (MPG, 50 +/- 14%; MnTBAP, 56 +/- 15%), but both abolished the preconditioning effect of isoflurane (isoflurane + MPG, 50 +/- 24%, P = 0.02; isoflurane + MnTBAP, 55 +/- 10%, P = 0.001).	Isoflurane	144-154	DNA-3-methyladenine glycosylase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-3
11818770-0	2002	Isoflurane and nociception: spinal alpha2A adrenoceptors mediate antinociception while supraspinal alpha1 adrenoceptors mediate pronociception.	Isoflurane	0-10	adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a	Mus musculus	35-42
11818770-8	2002	The alpha2-adrenoceptor antagonist yohimbine inhibited isoflurane antinociception, and this effect was mediated by spinal alpha2 adrenoceptors.	Isoflurane	55-65	adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a	Mus musculus	122-142
11818770-9	2002	Null mice for the alpha2A-adrenoceptor subtype showed a reduced antinociceptive response to isoflurane.	Isoflurane	92-102	adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a	Mus musculus	18-38
11818770-10	2002	CONCLUSIONS: The authors suggest that, at clinically effective concentrations, isoflurane can modulate nociception via three different mechanisms: (1) a pronociceptive effect requiring descending spinal pathways, brainstem noradrenergic nuclei, and supraspinal alpha1 adrenoceptors; (2) an antinociceptive effect requiring descending noradrenergic neurons and spinal alpha2A adrenoceptors; and (3) an antinociceptive effect mediated within the spinal cord for which no role for adrenergic mechanism has been found.	Isoflurane	79-89	adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a	Mus musculus	367-374
11753011-11	2002	Two MAC isoflurane led to an increase of the percentage of platelets expressing CD62P in the unstimulated and TRAP-6 stimulated samples, and of the amount of CD62P epitopes on the surface of platelets in the ADP-stimulated samples.	Isoflurane	8-18	selectin P	Homo sapiens	80-85
11753011-11	2002	Two MAC isoflurane led to an increase of the percentage of platelets expressing CD62P in the unstimulated and TRAP-6 stimulated samples, and of the amount of CD62P epitopes on the surface of platelets in the ADP-stimulated samples.	Isoflurane	8-18	selectin P	Homo sapiens	158-163
11753020-10	2002	Isoflurane also reduced cell death in CA1 and CA3 caused by application of 100 but not 500 microm glutamate.	Isoflurane	0-10	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-41
11753020-10	2002	Isoflurane also reduced cell death in CA1 and CA3 caused by application of 100 but not 500 microm glutamate.	Isoflurane	0-10	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
11772805-5	2002	We examined the effects of halothane, isoflurane, enflurane, diethyl ether, and ethanol on SP-induced currents mediated by SPR expressed in Xenopus oocytes, by using a whole-cell voltage clamp.	Isoflurane	38-48	tachykinin precursor 1 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	91-93
11748407-6	2001	The percentages of lymphocytes with caspase 3-like activity were increased (controls: 10.0 +/- 1.1%; sevoflurane: 13.8 +/- 1.2%; isoflurane: 17.0 +/- 1.3%).	Isoflurane	129-139	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	36-45
11736674-8	2001	CONCLUSION: These results indicate that low-flow sevoflurane and isoflurane anaesthesia have the same effect on hepatic function, as assessed by plasma alpha GST concentrations.	Isoflurane	65-75	glutathione S-transferase kappa 1	Homo sapiens	158-161
11605938-10	2001	IC50 values for inhibition of Kv1.1 channels were 2,800 and 5,200 microM, and Hill coefficients were 3.9 and 5.6 for enflurane and isoflurane, respectively.	Isoflurane	131-141	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	30-35
11605943-7	2001	The isoflurane-induced enhancement of norepinephrine response was still observed after inhibitions of the nitric oxide, endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor, cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways, or after blockade of endothelin-1, angiotensin-II, and serotonin receptors; however, it was prevented by superoxide dismutase.	Isoflurane	4-14	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	227-239
11605943-7	2001	The isoflurane-induced enhancement of norepinephrine response was still observed after inhibitions of the nitric oxide, endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor, cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways, or after blockade of endothelin-1, angiotensin-II, and serotonin receptors; however, it was prevented by superoxide dismutase.	Isoflurane	4-14	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	241-255
11506125-5	2001	The effects of halothane (1.0-3.0%) or isoflurane (3.0%) on IL-1beta (20 ng/ml)-induced inhibition of the contractile responses to KCl (30 mM) and phenylephrine (10(-9)-10(-5) M) were studied.	Isoflurane	39-49	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	60-68
11323344-6	2001	Volatile anesthetics inhibited NR1/NR2A and NR1/NR2B glutamate receptor function in a reversible, concentration-dependent, voltage-insensitive and noncompetitive manner (half-maximal inhibitory concentration at NR1/NR2A receptors: 1.30 +/- 0.02 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration [MAC] for isoflurane, 1.18 +/- 0.03 MAC for desflurane, 1.24 +/- 0.06 MAC for sevoflurane; at NR1/NR2B receptors: 1.33 +/- 0.12 MAC for isoflurane, 1.22 +/- 0.08 MAC for desflurane, and 1.28 +/- 0.08 MAC for sevoflurane).	Isoflurane	423-433	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	31-34
11465592-0	2001	Effect of the deficiency of spinal PSD-95/SAP90 on the minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration of isoflurane in rats.	Isoflurane	100-110	DLG associated protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	35-41
11465592-0	2001	Effect of the deficiency of spinal PSD-95/SAP90 on the minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration of isoflurane in rats.	Isoflurane	100-110	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	42-47
11465592-13	2001	CONCLUSION: The results indicate not only a significant decrease in MAC for isoflurane but also an attenuation in the NMDA-induced increase in isoflurane MAC in the PSD-95/SAP90 antisense-treated animals, which suggests that PSD-95/SAP90 may mediate the role of the NMDA receptor in determining the MAC of inhalational anesthetics.	Isoflurane	76-86	DLG associated protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	165-171
11465592-13	2001	CONCLUSION: The results indicate not only a significant decrease in MAC for isoflurane but also an attenuation in the NMDA-induced increase in isoflurane MAC in the PSD-95/SAP90 antisense-treated animals, which suggests that PSD-95/SAP90 may mediate the role of the NMDA receptor in determining the MAC of inhalational anesthetics.	Isoflurane	76-86	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	172-177
11465592-13	2001	CONCLUSION: The results indicate not only a significant decrease in MAC for isoflurane but also an attenuation in the NMDA-induced increase in isoflurane MAC in the PSD-95/SAP90 antisense-treated animals, which suggests that PSD-95/SAP90 may mediate the role of the NMDA receptor in determining the MAC of inhalational anesthetics.	Isoflurane	143-153	DLG associated protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	165-171
11465592-13	2001	CONCLUSION: The results indicate not only a significant decrease in MAC for isoflurane but also an attenuation in the NMDA-induced increase in isoflurane MAC in the PSD-95/SAP90 antisense-treated animals, which suggests that PSD-95/SAP90 may mediate the role of the NMDA receptor in determining the MAC of inhalational anesthetics.	Isoflurane	143-153	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	172-177
11465598-10	2001	The effect of isoflurane on LTP induction was reversible and could be prevented by antagonizing gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAA).	Isoflurane	14-24	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	96-136
11465598-10	2001	The effect of isoflurane on LTP induction was reversible and could be prevented by antagonizing gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors (GABAA).	Isoflurane	14-24	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	138-143
11465598-13	2001	CONCLUSIONS: The prevention of the isoflurane-induced depression of LTP by the GABAA antagonist picrotoxin suggests an involvement of GABAA receptors.	Isoflurane	35-45	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	79-84
11465598-13	2001	CONCLUSIONS: The prevention of the isoflurane-induced depression of LTP by the GABAA antagonist picrotoxin suggests an involvement of GABAA receptors.	Isoflurane	35-45	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	134-139
11404329-2	2001	Loss-of-function mutants of the gene goa-1, which codes for the alpha-subunit of Go, have EC(50)s for the VA isoflurane of 1.7- to 2.4-fold that of wild type.	Isoflurane	109-119	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha	Caenorhabditis elegans	37-42
11404329-3	2001	Strains overexpressing egl-10, which codes for an RGS protein negatively regulating goa-1, are also isoflurane resistant.	Isoflurane	100-110	Regulator of G-protein signaling egl-10	Caenorhabditis elegans	23-29
11404329-3	2001	Strains overexpressing egl-10, which codes for an RGS protein negatively regulating goa-1, are also isoflurane resistant.	Isoflurane	100-110	Guanine nucleotide-binding protein G(o) subunit alpha	Caenorhabditis elegans	84-89
11424467-6	2001	There were significant differences in the BIS and the SEF 95 at 2.0 MAC between isoflurane and sevoflurane groups.	Isoflurane	80-90	interleukin 17 receptor D	Homo sapiens	54-57
11434912-3	2001	In this study, we examined the induction of two heat shock proteins, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), in the livers of rats pretreated with or without phenobarbital, followed by exposure to isoflurane or halothane under hypoxic conditions.	Isoflurane	216-226	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	69-90
11434912-3	2001	In this study, we examined the induction of two heat shock proteins, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), in the livers of rats pretreated with or without phenobarbital, followed by exposure to isoflurane or halothane under hypoxic conditions.	Isoflurane	216-226	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	121-125
11434912-10	2001	These findings demonstrate that there is a significant difference in hepatic injury, and in the induction of HO-1 and HSP70 between halothane-hypoxia and isoflurane-hypoxia treatments.	Isoflurane	154-164	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-113
11434912-10	2001	These findings demonstrate that there is a significant difference in hepatic injury, and in the induction of HO-1 and HSP70 between halothane-hypoxia and isoflurane-hypoxia treatments.	Isoflurane	154-164	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1B	Rattus norvegicus	118-123
11515322-2	2001	Ambient operating room isoflurane levels were found to produce strong positive signals in the "H" mode when the CAM was used to monitor the efficacy of decontamination procedures during routine surgical procedures on HD-poisoned animals requiring up to 8 hours of general anesthesia.	Isoflurane	23-33	calmodulin 3	Homo sapiens	112-115
11515322-3	2001	Subsequent testing showed that isoflurane, as well as desflurane, sevoflurane, halothane and methoxyflurane, produce two ionization peaks in the CAM response.	Isoflurane	31-41	calmodulin 3	Homo sapiens	145-148
11323344-6	2001	Volatile anesthetics inhibited NR1/NR2A and NR1/NR2B glutamate receptor function in a reversible, concentration-dependent, voltage-insensitive and noncompetitive manner (half-maximal inhibitory concentration at NR1/NR2A receptors: 1.30 +/- 0.02 minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration [MAC] for isoflurane, 1.18 +/- 0.03 MAC for desflurane, 1.24 +/- 0.06 MAC for sevoflurane; at NR1/NR2B receptors: 1.33 +/- 0.12 MAC for isoflurane, 1.22 +/- 0.08 MAC for desflurane, and 1.28 +/- 0.08 MAC for sevoflurane).	Isoflurane	297-307	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 1 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	31-34
11575339-5	2001	Anaesthetic usage for a 70 kg patient was 0.44e(-0.51t)+0.044e(-0.013t)+0.058e(-0.00098t) ml min(-1) of liquid isoflurane, where t is duration of anaesthesia in minutes.	Isoflurane	111-121	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	93-99
11186231-11	2000	CA1 hippocampal damage was attenuated in isoflurane-treated rats (p < 0.05).	Isoflurane	41-51	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
11132749-1	2000	PURPOSE: To investigate the changes of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system by nicardipine administration during isoflurane or sevoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	113-123	renin	Homo sapiens	39-44
11132749-10	2000	Plasma concentration of angiotensin I increased at 20 and 30 min after nicardipine administration in the isoflurane group but not in the sevoflurane group.	Isoflurane	105-115	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	24-37
11186231-13	2000	Isoflurane improved functional outcome and attenuated damage to CA1 versus fentanyl in rats subjected to CCI.	Isoflurane	0-10	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	64-67
11020766-7	2000	Glycine and GABAA receptors were potentiated by gaseous anesthetics much less than by isoflurane, whereas nitrous oxide inhibited GABAC receptors.	Isoflurane	86-96	GABA(A) receptor-associated protein L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	12-17
10839927-0	2000	Halothane and isoflurane augment depolarization-induced cytosolic CA2+ transients and attenuate carbachol-stimulated CA2+ transients.	Isoflurane	14-24	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	66-69
10947757-5	2000	Before incision, in both groups IL-1beta and IFN-gamma showed a decrease (p<0.01 for IL-1beta in isoflurane group and p<0.05 for the others) compared with pre-induction.	Isoflurane	100-110	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	32-40
10947757-5	2000	Before incision, in both groups IL-1beta and IFN-gamma showed a decrease (p<0.01 for IL-1beta in isoflurane group and p<0.05 for the others) compared with pre-induction.	Isoflurane	100-110	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	45-54
10947757-5	2000	Before incision, in both groups IL-1beta and IFN-gamma showed a decrease (p<0.01 for IL-1beta in isoflurane group and p<0.05 for the others) compared with pre-induction.	Isoflurane	100-110	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	88-96
10866902-9	2000	The addition of metyrapone to isoflurane also reduced plasma TNF-alpha; however, values among other groups were similar.	Isoflurane	30-40	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	61-70
10880510-12	2000	As with TREK1, TREK2 is activated by the volatile general anesthetics chloroform, halothane, and isoflurane and by the neuroprotective agent riluzole.	Isoflurane	97-107	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens	8-13
10880510-12	2000	As with TREK1, TREK2 is activated by the volatile general anesthetics chloroform, halothane, and isoflurane and by the neuroprotective agent riluzole.	Isoflurane	97-107	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 10	Homo sapiens	15-20
10861165-12	2000	This increase in caspase-9 activity was blocked by isoflurane at 1.6 MAC and halothane at 1.2 MAC.	Isoflurane	51-61	caspase 9	Rattus norvegicus	17-26
10839927-8	2000	In contrast, halothane and isoflurane reduced the carbachol-evoked [Ca2+]cyt transient when the intracellular Ca2+ stores were full but had no effect when the Ca2+ stores were partially depleted by KCl stimulation.	Isoflurane	27-37	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	68-71
10839927-8	2000	In contrast, halothane and isoflurane reduced the carbachol-evoked [Ca2+]cyt transient when the intracellular Ca2+ stores were full but had no effect when the Ca2+ stores were partially depleted by KCl stimulation.	Isoflurane	27-37	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	110-113
10839927-8	2000	In contrast, halothane and isoflurane reduced the carbachol-evoked [Ca2+]cyt transient when the intracellular Ca2+ stores were full but had no effect when the Ca2+ stores were partially depleted by KCl stimulation.	Isoflurane	27-37	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	110-113
10839927-0	2000	Halothane and isoflurane augment depolarization-induced cytosolic CA2+ transients and attenuate carbachol-stimulated CA2+ transients.	Isoflurane	14-24	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	117-120
10839927-10	2000	These data suggest the involvement of an intracellular Ca2+ translocation from the caffeine-sensitive Ca2+ store to the inositol triphosphate-sensitive Ca2+ store that was altered by halothane and isoflurane.	Isoflurane	197-207	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	55-58
10839927-3	2000	Using a human neuroblastoma cell line, the effects of halothane and isoflurane on cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) in response to K+ and carbachol stimulation were investigated.	Isoflurane	68-78	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	92-95
10839927-10	2000	These data suggest the involvement of an intracellular Ca2+ translocation from the caffeine-sensitive Ca2+ store to the inositol triphosphate-sensitive Ca2+ store that was altered by halothane and isoflurane.	Isoflurane	197-207	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	102-105
10839927-10	2000	These data suggest the involvement of an intracellular Ca2+ translocation from the caffeine-sensitive Ca2+ store to the inositol triphosphate-sensitive Ca2+ store that was altered by halothane and isoflurane.	Isoflurane	197-207	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	102-105
10839927-7	2000	RESULTS: Halothane and isoflurane in clinically relevant concentrations enhanced the K+-evoked [Ca2+]cyt transient whether intracellular Ca2+ stores were full or partially depleted.	Isoflurane	23-33	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	96-99
10839927-7	2000	RESULTS: Halothane and isoflurane in clinically relevant concentrations enhanced the K+-evoked [Ca2+]cyt transient whether intracellular Ca2+ stores were full or partially depleted.	Isoflurane	23-33	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	137-140
10781476-8	2000	The expression of c-fos mRNA was transiently increased in the brain, and more strikingly and for longer times, in the kidney with all three anesthetics; the expression of c-fos mRNA was decreased in the heart with isoflurane and pentobarbital and increased in the liver with isoflurane and propofol.	Isoflurane	214-224	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	171-176
10781476-8	2000	The expression of c-fos mRNA was transiently increased in the brain, and more strikingly and for longer times, in the kidney with all three anesthetics; the expression of c-fos mRNA was decreased in the heart with isoflurane and pentobarbital and increased in the liver with isoflurane and propofol.	Isoflurane	214-224	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	18-23
10781476-8	2000	The expression of c-fos mRNA was transiently increased in the brain, and more strikingly and for longer times, in the kidney with all three anesthetics; the expression of c-fos mRNA was decreased in the heart with isoflurane and pentobarbital and increased in the liver with isoflurane and propofol.	Isoflurane	275-285	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	18-23
10781476-8	2000	The expression of c-fos mRNA was transiently increased in the brain, and more strikingly and for longer times, in the kidney with all three anesthetics; the expression of c-fos mRNA was decreased in the heart with isoflurane and pentobarbital and increased in the liver with isoflurane and propofol.	Isoflurane	275-285	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	171-176
10653787-5	2000	After correcting for nonspecific partitioning into the lipid, the equilibrium dissociation constant, K(d), of isoflurane binding to nAChR at 15 degrees C was found to be 0.36 +/- 0.03 mM.	Isoflurane	110-120	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	132-137
10794813-7	2000	The IC(50) values of the volatile anesthetics, halothane, sevoflurane, enflurane, and isoflurane for hIK1 inhibition were 0.69, 0.42, 1.01 and 1.03 mM, respectively, and were in the clinically used concentration range.	Isoflurane	86-96	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4	Homo sapiens	101-105
10754630-4	2000	METHODS: Nitrite release and iNOS expression were determined using the Griess reaction and Western and Northern blot techniques, respectively, in J774 murine macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and gamma-interferon in the absence and presence of various concentrations (0.25-2.0 minimum alveolar concentration [MAC]) of volatile anesthetics (i.e., halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, desflurane).	Isoflurane	381-391	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	209-225
10714848-9	2000	Sevoflurane and isoflurane produced significant and dose-dependent inhibition of CO-stimulated sGC activity.	Isoflurane	16-26	guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 2	Rattus norvegicus	95-98
10719962-6	2000	Administration of 1 MAC isoflurane or sevoflurane before ischemia significantly attenuated IR-induced increases in the coefficient of filtration and the wet-to-dry lung weight ratio, inhibited increases in the rate of increase of lactate dehydrogenase activity and tumor necrosis factor alpha in the perfusate, and abrogated the decrease in nitric oxide metabolites in the perfusate.	Isoflurane	24-34	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	265-292
10594421-4	1999	A significant increase in alpha glutathione S-transferase concentration was observed only in the isoflurane group.	Isoflurane	97-107	glutathione S-transferase kappa 1	Homo sapiens	32-57
10638913-4	2000	METHODS: Washed platelets were stimulated by thrombin after incubation with 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 mM sevoflurane, halothane, or isoflurane.	Isoflurane	123-133	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	45-53
10592290-0	1999	Isoflurane anesthesia enhances the inhibitory effects of cocaine and GBR12909 on dopamine transporter: PET studies in combination with microdialysis in the monkey brain.	Isoflurane	0-10	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	81-101
10592290-9	1999	Taken together, these observations indicated that isoflurane anesthesia enhanced not only the direct inhibitory effects of cocaine and GBR12909 on DAT, but also their indirect effects on dopamine D(2) receptors.	Isoflurane	50-60	solute carrier family 6 member 3	Homo sapiens	147-150
10594421-7	1999	The significant increases in alpha glutathione S-transferase concentrations in patients receiving isoflurane suggest a transient disturbance of hepatocellular function.	Isoflurane	98-108	glutathione S-transferase kappa 1	Homo sapiens	35-60
10937864-3	1999	I found that halothane did not alter Ca2+ binding to cardiac troponin C. However, halothane and isoflurane reversibly decreased the Ca2+ affinity of calmodulin at low anesthetic concentration, and irreversibly increased the Ca2+ affinity of calmodulin at high anesthetic concentration.	Isoflurane	96-106	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	149-159
10567550-3	1999	The ZZZ1 and MDP1/RSP5 gene products appear to play important roles in determining effective anesthetic dose in yeast since increased levels of either gene increases isoflurane sensitivity whereas decreased activity decreases sensitivity.	Isoflurane	166-176	NEDD4 family E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	13-17
10567550-3	1999	The ZZZ1 and MDP1/RSP5 gene products appear to play important roles in determining effective anesthetic dose in yeast since increased levels of either gene increases isoflurane sensitivity whereas decreased activity decreases sensitivity.	Isoflurane	166-176	NEDD4 family E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	18-22
10937864-3	1999	I found that halothane did not alter Ca2+ binding to cardiac troponin C. However, halothane and isoflurane reversibly decreased the Ca2+ affinity of calmodulin at low anesthetic concentration, and irreversibly increased the Ca2+ affinity of calmodulin at high anesthetic concentration.	Isoflurane	96-106	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	241-251
10567326-8	1999	The values subsequently remained unchanged in control patients (3.62+/-0.94 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1)), whereas they significantly increased after isoflurane preconditioning (4.74+/-0.	Isoflurane	153-163	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	100-106
10611444-2	1999	At sub-anesthetic doses, halothane, isoflurane, enflurane and sevoflurane inhibit exchange of GTPgammaS for GDP bound to Galpha subunits and markedly enhance the dissociation of GTPgammaS, but fail to suppress GDPbetaS release.	Isoflurane	36-46	succinate-CoA ligase GDP/ADP-forming subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	121-127
10553845-8	1999	The increases in IL-8 and interferon gamma were 1.5-3 times greater during isoflurane than propofol anesthesia.	Isoflurane	75-85	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	17-21
11715459-1	1999	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of isoflurane-induced hypotension on the hemodynamics and the changes of plasma beta 2 microglobulins and creatine during cerebral aneurysm operation.	Isoflurane	41-51	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	118-124
10512285-10	1999	PKCgamma knockout mice had significantly higher MAC values than control animals for isoflurane, but not for halothane or desflurane, which implies that protein phosphorylation by PKCgamma can alter sensitivity to isoflurane.	Isoflurane	84-94	protein kinase C, gamma	Mus musculus	0-8
10512285-10	1999	PKCgamma knockout mice had significantly higher MAC values than control animals for isoflurane, but not for halothane or desflurane, which implies that protein phosphorylation by PKCgamma can alter sensitivity to isoflurane.	Isoflurane	84-94	protein kinase C, gamma	Mus musculus	179-187
10512285-10	1999	PKCgamma knockout mice had significantly higher MAC values than control animals for isoflurane, but not for halothane or desflurane, which implies that protein phosphorylation by PKCgamma can alter sensitivity to isoflurane.	Isoflurane	213-223	protein kinase C, gamma	Mus musculus	0-8
10512285-10	1999	PKCgamma knockout mice had significantly higher MAC values than control animals for isoflurane, but not for halothane or desflurane, which implies that protein phosphorylation by PKCgamma can alter sensitivity to isoflurane.	Isoflurane	213-223	protein kinase C, gamma	Mus musculus	179-187
10512285-12	1999	Absence of the neural form of protein kinase C increases minimum alveolar anesthetic concentration for isoflurane, indicating that protein phosphorylation by the gamma-isoform of protein kinase C (PKCgamma) can influence the potency of this anesthetic.	Isoflurane	103-113	protein kinase C, gamma	Mus musculus	197-205
10674505-3	2000	Our aim was to compare the rate of change of CBFV when end-tidal CO2 (P(ET)CO2) was rapidly altered during halothane or isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	120-130	complement C2	Homo sapiens	70-78
10492417-0	1999	Vasopressin and angiotensin II in blood pressure control during isoflurane anesthesia in rats.	Isoflurane	64-74	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	0-11
10492417-0	1999	Vasopressin and angiotensin II in blood pressure control during isoflurane anesthesia in rats.	Isoflurane	64-74	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	16-30
10492417-7	1999	CONCLUSION: It is concluded that AVP contributes to the maintenance of blood pressure when the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and/or RAS are blocked during isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	156-166	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
10456816-11	1999	CONCLUSIONS: The NMDA receptor and the NK-1 receptor are important determinants of the MAC of isoflurane, exerting this influence by inhibition of pain transmission in the spinal cord, while mGlu and AMPA receptors have no effect on the MAC of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	94-104	tachykinin receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-52
10456816-11	1999	CONCLUSIONS: The NMDA receptor and the NK-1 receptor are important determinants of the MAC of isoflurane, exerting this influence by inhibition of pain transmission in the spinal cord, while mGlu and AMPA receptors have no effect on the MAC of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	244-254	tachykinin receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-52
10321245-4	1999	Chloroform, diethyl ether, halothane and isoflurane activated TREK-1, whereas only halothane and isoflurane activated TASK.	Isoflurane	41-51	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens	62-68
10360866-0	1999	Effects of halothane and isoflurane on fast and slow inactivation of human heart hH1a sodium channels.	Isoflurane	25-35	H1.5 linker histone, cluster member	Homo sapiens	81-84
10360866-13	1999	CONCLUSIONS: In a heterologous expression system, halothane and isoflurane interact with the hH1a channels and suppress the sodium current.	Isoflurane	64-74	H1.1 linker histone, cluster member	Homo sapiens	93-97
10443616-14	1999	Reduced expression of the adhesion molecule CD11b on PMNs in the presence of sevoflurane or isoflurane is, at least in part, responsible for the cardioprotective effect.	Isoflurane	92-102	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	44-49
10402988-10	1999	During isoflurane anesthesia in animals with flaps, significantly higher (p < 0.05) RBC velocities were recorded in arterioles A1 (24.4%), A2-2 (28.2%), and A3 (17.4%).	Isoflurane	7-17	UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A7C	Rattus norvegicus	142-146
10201687-7	1999	RESULTS: Isoflurane at 0.5, 1, and 2 minimum alveolar concentrations increased basal [Ca2+]i in cortical slices in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.05).	Isoflurane	9-19	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
10201687-10	1999	In dissociated CA1 neurons, isoflurane reversibly increased basal [Ca2+]i by 15 nM (P < 0.05).	Isoflurane	28-38	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-18
10201687-10	1999	In dissociated CA1 neurons, isoflurane reversibly increased basal [Ca2+]i by 15 nM (P < 0.05).	Isoflurane	28-38	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
10201687-12	1999	CONCLUSIONS: (1) Isoflurane and halothane reversibly increase [Ca2+]i in isolated neurons and in neurons within brain slices.	Isoflurane	17-27	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	63-66
10051668-7	1999	The syntaxin allelic variation was striking, particularly for isoflurane, where a 33-fold range of sensitivities was seen.	Isoflurane	62-72	t-SNARE coiled-coil homology domain-containing protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	4-12
10051668-9	1999	As assessed by pharmacological criteria, halothane and isoflurane themselves reduced cholinergic transmission, and the presynaptic anesthetic effect was blocked by the resistant syntaxin mutation.	Isoflurane	55-65	t-SNARE coiled-coil homology domain-containing protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	178-186
10081544-5	1999	There was a significantly greater number of patients with abnormal AST and ALT values in the isoflurane group than in the sevoflurane group.	Isoflurane	93-103	solute carrier family 17 member 5	Homo sapiens	67-70
10078678-0	1999	Clinical isoflurane metabolism by cytochrome P450 2E1.	Isoflurane	9-19	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	34-53
10078678-1	1999	BACKGROUND: Some evidence suggests that isoflurane metabolism to trifluoroacetic acid and inorganic fluoride by human liver microsomes in vitro is catalyzed by cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1).	Isoflurane	40-50	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	160-179
10078678-1	1999	BACKGROUND: Some evidence suggests that isoflurane metabolism to trifluoroacetic acid and inorganic fluoride by human liver microsomes in vitro is catalyzed by cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1).	Isoflurane	40-50	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	181-187
10078690-9	1999	In experiment 2, isoflurane reduced the mean +/- SD percentage of dead hippocampal CA1 neurons compared with fentanyl-nitrous oxide (43+/-22% vs. 87+/-10%; P<0.001).	Isoflurane	17-27	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-86
9793665-6	1998	RESULTS: AST, ALT and GTP increased peaking seven days after anaesthesia, especially in the isoflurane group.	Isoflurane	92-102	inactive glutathione hydrolase 2	Homo sapiens	22-25
10078399-7	1999	The times to recovery of TOF ratio to 0.8 were 40 +/- 10.0, 36 +/- 8.5 and 29 +/- 5.5 min in the sevoflurane, isoflurane and propofol groups respectively (P = 0.017 between the sevoflurane and propofol groups).	Isoflurane	110-120	FEZ family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	25-28
9823456-0	1998	The anesthetic isoflurane decreases ionized calcium and increases parathyroid hormone and osteocalcin in cynomolgus monkeys.	Isoflurane	15-25	parathyroid hormone	Macaca fascicularis	66-85
9743401-0	1998	Paralysis only slightly reduces the febrile response to interleukin-2 during isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	77-87	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	56-69
9952163-3	1999	gas-1 confers different sensitivities to stereoisomers of isoflurane, and thus may be a direct target for volatile anesthetics.	Isoflurane	58-68	putative NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] iron-sulfur protein 2, mitochondrial	Caenorhabditis elegans	0-5
9972753-8	1999	dRoR decreased to 5 +/- 1%/s during isoflurane anesthesia but to only 24 +/- 2%/s during sevoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	36-46	Ror	Drosophila melanogaster	0-4
9893123-9	1999	Under conditions of mild ATP depletion (Na ionophore-induced increased ATP consumption; PLA2-induced mitochondrial suppression), isoflurane provoked moderate/severe ATP reductions and cell death.	Isoflurane	129-139	phospholipase A2, group IB, pancreas	Mus musculus	88-92
9793670-5	1998	RESULTS: The number of patients with abnormal values in AST, ALT and GTP was larger in the isoflurane than in the sevoflurane group.	Isoflurane	91-101	solute carrier family 17 member 5	Homo sapiens	56-59
9793670-5	1998	RESULTS: The number of patients with abnormal values in AST, ALT and GTP was larger in the isoflurane than in the sevoflurane group.	Isoflurane	91-101	inactive glutathione hydrolase 2	Homo sapiens	69-72
9720776-14	1998	When slices were exposed to low Ca2+/high Mg2+ solution, isoflurane (1 and 3%) depressed the f.e.p.s.ps in aged slices to the same extent as in young slices.	Isoflurane	57-67	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
9645277-5	1998	RESULTS: During general anaesthesia with fentanyl, thiopental, isoflurane and nitrous oxide there was a significant decrease of circulating NK cells in the peripheral blood accompanied by a significant increase of B cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes.	Isoflurane	63-73	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	226-229
9579518-4	1998	RESULTS: Studies with two-electrode voltage clamp at room temperature showed that halothane, isoflurane, and desflurane increased TOK1 outward currents by 48-65% in barium Frog Ringer"s perfusate.	Isoflurane	93-103	Tok1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	130-134
9579493-13	1998	Isoflurane significantly increased the gain of shivering (as calculated from the initial increase), from -684 +/- 266 to -1483 +/- 752 ml x min(-1) x degrees C(-1).	Isoflurane	0-10	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	140-146
9587731-2	1998	Isoflurane was delivered during the inspiratory phase and consumption investigated at 10, 15 and 25 cycles min-1.	Isoflurane	0-10	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	107-112
9918761-0	1998	Effect of isoflurane on endothelin-1 mediated airway smooth muscle contraction.	Isoflurane	10-20	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-36
9918761-9	1998	Our data suggests that isoflurane at 2% concentration, attenuated ET-1 induced tracheal contraction at 100 and 200 nM concentrations by 20%.	Isoflurane	23-33	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	66-70
9918761-10	1998	This is the first demonstration indicating that, at a clinically relevant dose, isoflurane depresses ET-1 induced ASM constriction.	Isoflurane	80-90	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-105
28921323-2	1998	METHODS: Eighty patients of ASA physical status I or II were randomly assigned to one of four groups: sevoflurane at 3 or 61 min-1 and isoflurane at 3 or 61 min-1.	Isoflurane	135-145	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	157-162
28921323-4	1998	The consumption of sevoflurane and isoflurane was measured by weighing the bottle of liquid agent, which was greater in the groups receiving 61 min-1 gas than in those receiving 31 min-1.	Isoflurane	35-45	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	144-149
28921323-4	1998	The consumption of sevoflurane and isoflurane was measured by weighing the bottle of liquid agent, which was greater in the groups receiving 61 min-1 gas than in those receiving 31 min-1.	Isoflurane	35-45	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	181-186
9161751-0	1997	Intrathecal neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist reduces isoflurane MAC in rats.	Isoflurane	53-63	tachykinin receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-33
9509212-6	1998	RESULTS: Isoflurane significantly decreased ABF and increased pre-ejection period/left ventricular ejection time (PEP/LVET), when compared with control values previously recorded 5 min after induction with halothane-fentanyl and atracurium (respectively, 80 +/- 7%, mean +/- SD; P < 0.001 and 111 +/- 11%; P = 0.017, 5 min after EEC of isoflurane reached 1%, then respectively, 75 +/- 12%; P < 0.001 and 119 +/- 16%; P < 0.001, at the end of the isoflurane inhalation period).	Isoflurane	9-19	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Homo sapiens	114-117
9509212-6	1998	RESULTS: Isoflurane significantly decreased ABF and increased pre-ejection period/left ventricular ejection time (PEP/LVET), when compared with control values previously recorded 5 min after induction with halothane-fentanyl and atracurium (respectively, 80 +/- 7%, mean +/- SD; P < 0.001 and 111 +/- 11%; P = 0.017, 5 min after EEC of isoflurane reached 1%, then respectively, 75 +/- 12%; P < 0.001 and 119 +/- 16%; P < 0.001, at the end of the isoflurane inhalation period).	Isoflurane	339-349	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Homo sapiens	114-117
9509212-6	1998	RESULTS: Isoflurane significantly decreased ABF and increased pre-ejection period/left ventricular ejection time (PEP/LVET), when compared with control values previously recorded 5 min after induction with halothane-fentanyl and atracurium (respectively, 80 +/- 7%, mean +/- SD; P < 0.001 and 111 +/- 11%; P = 0.017, 5 min after EEC of isoflurane reached 1%, then respectively, 75 +/- 12%; P < 0.001 and 119 +/- 16%; P < 0.001, at the end of the isoflurane inhalation period).	Isoflurane	455-465	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Homo sapiens	114-117
9558432-14	1998	In group 1 (0.2% isoflurane) surgical stimulation resulted in decreases of delta over the whole cortex (F2, C3, P3, O1) and in marked increases of alpha predominantly at central leads (C3)(p < 0.05 vs BL).	Isoflurane	17-27	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	104-119
9447865-3	1998	In this study, the authors investigated the possible role of G proteins and protein kinase C in the effects of halothane and isoflurane in the absence and presence of alpha1-adrenergic stimulation on the cardiac INa.	Isoflurane	125-135	Prkca	Cavia porcellus	76-92
9447865-15	1998	In contrast, PKC is involved in the modulation of cardiac INa by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	65-75	Prkca	Cavia porcellus	13-16
9447865-18	1998	In the case of isoflurane, the positive interaction with methoxamine is coupled to PTX-insensitive G proteins and PKC.	Isoflurane	15-25	Prkca	Cavia porcellus	114-117
9305560-1	1997	PURPOSE: The effect of isoflurane on the subcortical P14 component of the median nerve somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) is poorly known.	Isoflurane	23-33	ribonuclease P/MRP subunit p14	Homo sapiens	53-56
9305560-2	1997	We studied whether the P14 wave from the upper brainstem, recorded with a nasopharyngeal electrode, was attenuated at the isoflurane-induced EEG burst-suppression level.	Isoflurane	122-132	ribonuclease P/MRP subunit p14	Homo sapiens	23-26
9305560-11	1997	CONCLUSION: We conclude that P14 can reliably be recorded with nasopharyngeal electrodes during isoflurane anaesthesia, even during EEG burst-suppression, when the N20 wave is attenuated.	Isoflurane	96-106	ribonuclease P/MRP subunit p14	Homo sapiens	29-32
9232306-9	1997	Recordings of haemodynamic data showed some myocardial depression from isoflurane: decreased ABF (indexed to body surface area) and lengthened PEP/LVET (2.24 +/- 0.53 L.min-1.m-2 and 0.32 +/- 0.05 respectively, before introduction of isoflurane and 1.71 +/ 0.53 L.min-1.m-2 (P = 0.027) and 0.39 +/- 0.06 (P = 0.007) with isoflurane).	Isoflurane	71-81	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Homo sapiens	143-146
9161752-9	1997	CONCLUSION: Enflurane decreases the stability of EDRF/NO released after Bk stimulation while isoflurane can have opposite effects depending on whether the relaxation results from basal or Bk-stimulated release of endothelial derived relaxing factor(s).	Isoflurane	93-103	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	188-190
9495821-3	1998	We now report that mutation of these residues within either GABAA alpha2 (S270 or A291) or beta1 (S265 or M286) subunits resulted in receptors that retain normal or near-normal gating by GABA but are insensitive to clinically relevant concentrations of another inhaled anesthetic, isoflurane.	Isoflurane	281-291	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	91-96
9602580-4	1998	With isoflurane, mean rate decreased from 72 (SD 9.7) to 67 (10.4) beat min-1 and with halothane from 76 (10.1) to 65 (9.1) beat min-1 (P < 0.05).	Isoflurane	5-15	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	72-77
9602580-6	1998	Cardiac index decreased from 3.1 (1.03) to 2.7 (0.71) litre min-1 m-2 with isoflurane and from 3.1 (0.98) to 2.5 (0.57) litre min-1 m-2 with halothane (P < 0.05).	Isoflurane	75-85	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	60-65
9602597-0	1998	Effects of isoflurane-nitrous oxide anaesthesia on insulin secretion in female patients.	Isoflurane	11-21	insulin	Homo sapiens	51-58
9375970-3	1997	In this paper we address submolecular mechanisms for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor modulation by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	107-117	Resistant to dieldrin	Drosophila melanogaster	53-92
9195357-16	1997	CONCLUSION: The combination of hemodilution and PGE1 induced controlled hypotension causes significant responses, especially in a renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system under isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	173-183	renin	Homo sapiens	130-135
9161751-8	1997	CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the NK-1 receptor plays an important role in determining the MAC of isoflurane by inhibition of pain transmission in the spinal cord.	Isoflurane	107-117	tachykinin receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-56
9161752-5	1997	The effect of 4% enflurane or 2% isoflurane on EDRF/NO-induced relaxation was determined.	Isoflurane	33-43	alpha hemoglobin stabilizing protein	Homo sapiens	47-51
9161752-7	1997	On the other hand, isoflurane, added either upstream or down-stream to BAEC, potentiated the relaxation induced by the basal release of EDRF but attenuated the relaxation induced by the Bk stimulated release of EDRF.	Isoflurane	19-29	alpha hemoglobin stabilizing protein	Homo sapiens	136-140
9161752-7	1997	On the other hand, isoflurane, added either upstream or down-stream to BAEC, potentiated the relaxation induced by the basal release of EDRF but attenuated the relaxation induced by the Bk stimulated release of EDRF.	Isoflurane	19-29	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	186-188
9161752-7	1997	On the other hand, isoflurane, added either upstream or down-stream to BAEC, potentiated the relaxation induced by the basal release of EDRF but attenuated the relaxation induced by the Bk stimulated release of EDRF.	Isoflurane	19-29	alpha hemoglobin stabilizing protein	Homo sapiens	211-215
9135191-5	1997	After equilibration total flow were reduced to 500 ml.min-1; at these flows the initial decline in end-expired agent concentration was minimal with desflurane, intermediate with sevoflurane and greatest with isoflurane.	Isoflurane	208-218	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	54-59
9143381-5	1997	During general anesthesia with fentanyl, thiopental, and isoflurane, there was a significant decrease of circulating NK cells in the peripheral blood accompanied by a significant increase of B cells and CD8+ T lymphocytes.	Isoflurane	57-67	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	203-206
9147027-10	1997	Isoflurane produced a 50% increase of beta-glucuronidase activity and a 35% diminution of tryptophan pyrrolase.	Isoflurane	0-10	glucuronidase, beta	Mus musculus	38-56
9105232-0	1997	Isoflurane-induced cerebral hyperemia in neuronal nitric oxide synthase gene deficient mice.	Isoflurane	0-10	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	41-71
9105232-4	1997	The present study was designed to examine the role of the two constitutive NOS isoforms in cerebral blood flow (CBF) response to isoflurane using this nNOS knockout mouse.	Isoflurane	129-139	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	112-115
9105232-6	1997	Subsequently, a NOS inhibitor, N omega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), was administered intravenously (20 mg/kg), and 45 min later, the rCBF response to isoflurane was tested again.	Isoflurane	147-157	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	130-134
9105232-9	1997	RESULTS: Isoflurane produced dose-dependent increases in rCBF by 25 +/- 3%, 74 +/- 10%, and 108 +/- 14% (SEM) in 129/SV mice and by 32 +/- 2%, 71 +/- 3%, and 96 +/- 7% in C57BL/6 mice at 1.2, 1.8, and 2.4 vol%, respectively.	Isoflurane	9-19	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	57-61
9105232-12	1997	In nNOS knockout mice, isoflurane increased rCBF by 67 +/- 8%, 88 +/- 12%, and 112 +/- 18% at 1.2, 1.8, and 2.4 vol%, respectively.	Isoflurane	23-33	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	3-7
9105232-12	1997	In nNOS knockout mice, isoflurane increased rCBF by 67 +/- 8%, 88 +/- 12%, and 112 +/- 18% at 1.2, 1.8, and 2.4 vol%, respectively.	Isoflurane	23-33	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	44-48
9105232-14	1997	Administration of L-NNA in the knockout mice attenuated the rCBF response to isoflurane at 1.2 and 1.8 vol% but had no effect on the response at 2.4 vol%.	Isoflurane	77-87	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	60-64
9105232-15	1997	CONCLUSIONS: In nNOS knockout mice, the cerebral hyperemic response to isoflurane is preserved by compensatory mechanism(s) that is NO-independent at 2.4 vol%, although it may involve eNOS at 1.2 and 1.8 vol%.	Isoflurane	71-81	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	16-20
9105232-16	1997	It is suggested that in wild-type mice, eNOS and nNOS contribute to isoflurane-induced increase in rCBF.	Isoflurane	68-78	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	40-44
9105232-16	1997	It is suggested that in wild-type mice, eNOS and nNOS contribute to isoflurane-induced increase in rCBF.	Isoflurane	68-78	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	49-53
9105232-16	1997	It is suggested that in wild-type mice, eNOS and nNOS contribute to isoflurane-induced increase in rCBF.	Isoflurane	68-78	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	99-103
9061113-1	1997	BACKGROUND: Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilation and isoflurane anesthesia may opposingly affect the sympathetic nervous and renin-angiotensin systems.	Isoflurane	68-78	renin	Homo sapiens	140-145
9135354-6	1997	Mean serum AST concentration increased from 17.5 (4.9) to 31.7 (3.5) iu litre-1 in the sevoflurane group and from 17.3 (2.4) to 34.8 (5.7) iu litre-1 in the isoflurane group, 20 h after induction of anaesthesia.	Isoflurane	157-167	solute carrier family 17 member 5	Homo sapiens	11-14
9061113-9	1997	Strikingly, the sympathoexcitatory response to PEEP10 was inhibited, whereas AII increased markedly (+284 +/- 64 pg/ml, P < 0.05) during PEEP10 and isoflurane.	Isoflurane	151-161	angiotensinogen	Homo sapiens	77-80
9061113-11	1997	CONCLUSION: The data suggest that renin-angiotensin activation is important to attenuate the impact of PEEP ventilation on cardiovascular performance during administration of the sympathodepressant isoflurane.	Isoflurane	198-208	renin	Sus scrofa	34-39
9061113-12	1997	Interference with the renin-angiotensin system may cause cardiovascular decompensation in isoflurane anesthetized patients subjected to PEEP-ventilation.	Isoflurane	90-100	renin	Homo sapiens	22-27
8916817-11	1996	RESULTS: Isoflurane and desflurane in both 50% oxygen-nitrous oxide and 100% oxygen were associated with a significant decrease in the amplitude and an increase in the latency of the cortical P40, whereas subcortical P29 latency did not vary significantly.	Isoflurane	9-19	interleukin 9	Homo sapiens	192-195
9059207-6	1997	In membranes formed with L-SR-extracted lipids, isoflurane induced the largest increase in gCa (1260 (SEM 304) % increase, n = 4, 0.94 mmol litre-1), followed by enflurane (264 (75)%, n = 5, 1.88 mmol litre-1) and halothane (53 (33)%, n = 5; 1.54 mmol litre-1).	Isoflurane	48-58	grancalcin	Homo sapiens	91-94
9323446-0	1997	Nitrous oxide attenuates the protective effect of isoflurane on microtubule-associated protein2 degradation during forebrain ischemia in the rat.	Isoflurane	50-60	microtubule-associated protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	64-95
9323446-7	1997	In the frontoparietal cortex and hippocampus, MAP2 was significantly protected from degradation when isoflurane was used combined with nitrogen (N2).	Isoflurane	101-111	microtubule-associated protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
9893740-0	1997	Preventive effect of isoflurane on destruction of cytochrome P450 during reductive dehalogenation of carbon tetrachloride in guinea-pig liver microsomes.	Isoflurane	21-31	cytochrome P450 3A14	Cavia porcellus	50-65
9893740-4	1997	With the addition of isoflurane in the same incubation system, the decrease in cytochrome P450 was to 84.9%.	Isoflurane	21-31	cytochrome P450 3A14	Cavia porcellus	79-94
9893740-7	1997	These findings indicate that isoflurane interacts with cytochrome P450 to prevent the cytochrome P450 destruction during the anaerobic dechlorination of carbon tetrachloride in guinea-pig liver microsomes.	Isoflurane	29-39	cytochrome P450 3A14	Cavia porcellus	55-70
9893740-7	1997	These findings indicate that isoflurane interacts with cytochrome P450 to prevent the cytochrome P450 destruction during the anaerobic dechlorination of carbon tetrachloride in guinea-pig liver microsomes.	Isoflurane	29-39	cytochrome P450 3A14	Cavia porcellus	86-101
9038437-2	1996	The average consumption (SD) of isoflurane in 37 patients anaesthetised using the A mode of the Carden system with a mean fresh gas flow of 2.61 min-1 was 11.1 (4.2) g.h-1, while that in 40 patients anaesthetised using the circle absorber mode with a mean fresh gas flow of 1.21 min-1 was 4.7 (1.0) g.h-1.	Isoflurane	32-42	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	279-284
8916833-6	1996	Although basal [Ca2+]i was unaltered by the anesthetics, both halothane and enflurane, in a dose-dependent manner, depressed the peak and plateau of the [Ca2+]i transient elicited by 10 nM bradykinin, whereas isoflurane had no effect.	Isoflurane	209-219	kininogen 1	Bos taurus	189-199
8916817-11	1996	RESULTS: Isoflurane and desflurane in both 50% oxygen-nitrous oxide and 100% oxygen were associated with a significant decrease in the amplitude and an increase in the latency of the cortical P40, whereas subcortical P29 latency did not vary significantly.	Isoflurane	9-19	SYF2 pre-mRNA splicing factor	Homo sapiens	217-220
8712453-4	1996	METHODS: The effect of halothane and isoflurane on the Ca2+ response to bradykinin of bovine aortic endothelial (BAE) cells was investigated using the fluorescent Ca2+ indicator fura-2.	Isoflurane	37-47	kininogen 1	Bos taurus	72-82
8891875-5	1996	Isoflurane caused an increase in HR at 0.5, 1, and 1.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) and a decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) and MAP at 1 and 1.5 MAC.	Isoflurane	0-10	sex hormone-binding globulin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	149-152
8891875-5	1996	Isoflurane caused an increase in HR at 0.5, 1, and 1.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) and a decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP, DBP) and MAP at 1 and 1.5 MAC.	Isoflurane	0-10	vitamin D-binding protein	Oryctolagus cuniculus	154-157
8712453-0	1996	Effects of halothane and isoflurane on bradykinin-evoked Ca2+ influx inbovine aortic endothelial cells.	Isoflurane	25-35	kininogen 1	Bos taurus	39-49
8712453-10	1996	RESULTS: The results of the current study indicate that the initial Ca2+ increase in response to bradykinin stimulation is not affected by halothane, but that pulse applications of halothane (0.4-2 mM) or isoflurane (0.5-1 mM) reversibly reduce the sustained cytosolic Ca2+ increase initiated either by bradykinin or by the Ca2+ pump inhibitor thapsigargin.	Isoflurane	205-215	kininogen 1	Bos taurus	303-313
8712453-14	1996	CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest that the effects of halothane and isoflurane on Ca2+ homeostasis in BAE cells reflect, for the most part, a reduction of the thapsigargin- or bradykinin-evoked Ca2+ influx, which would be consequent to a cellular depolarization caused by an inhibition of the Ca(2+)-dependent K+ channel activity initiated after cell stimulation.	Isoflurane	74-84	kininogen 1	Bos taurus	182-192
8818866-4	1996	The formation of the 445 nm band in the mixture of reduced cytochrome P-450 and carbon tetrachloride, and cytochrome P-450 reduction by NADPH were both accelerated by isoflurane, without alteration of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity.	Isoflurane	167-177	cytochrome P450 3A14	Cavia porcellus	59-75
8854220-4	1996	The rate of cytochrome P-450 reduction by NADPH affected in the presence of isoflurane was investigated by spectrometric measurement of the CO-cytochrome P-450 complex formation at various times.	Isoflurane	76-86	cytochrome P450 3A14	Cavia porcellus	12-28
8854220-4	1996	The rate of cytochrome P-450 reduction by NADPH affected in the presence of isoflurane was investigated by spectrometric measurement of the CO-cytochrome P-450 complex formation at various times.	Isoflurane	76-86	cytochrome P450 3A14	Cavia porcellus	143-159
8854220-5	1996	Due to the addition of isoflurane, the Vmax values for aniline hydroxylation evidently increased except in high isoflurane concentration (3.33 mM) and for aminopyrine N-demethylation the value was significantly low only in the presence of a high isoflurane concentration, whereas the K(m) values significantly decreased in aniline hydroxylation and increased in aminopyrine N-demethylation, and isoflurane also accelerated the rate of cytochrome P-450 reduction by NADPH.	Isoflurane	23-33	cytochrome P450 3A14	Cavia porcellus	435-451
8854220-6	1996	These results reflect the inhibition of aminopyrine N-demethylation and activation of aniline hydroxylation in the presence of isoflurane as a consequence of isoflurane-accelerated cytochrome P-450 reduction by NADPH and/or drug-enzyme binding properties, and may have implications on the metabolism of perioperatively administered drugs during isoflurane anaesthesia.	Isoflurane	127-137	cytochrome P450 3A14	Cavia porcellus	181-197
8854220-6	1996	These results reflect the inhibition of aminopyrine N-demethylation and activation of aniline hydroxylation in the presence of isoflurane as a consequence of isoflurane-accelerated cytochrome P-450 reduction by NADPH and/or drug-enzyme binding properties, and may have implications on the metabolism of perioperatively administered drugs during isoflurane anaesthesia.	Isoflurane	158-168	cytochrome P450 3A14	Cavia porcellus	181-197
8854220-6	1996	These results reflect the inhibition of aminopyrine N-demethylation and activation of aniline hydroxylation in the presence of isoflurane as a consequence of isoflurane-accelerated cytochrome P-450 reduction by NADPH and/or drug-enzyme binding properties, and may have implications on the metabolism of perioperatively administered drugs during isoflurane anaesthesia.	Isoflurane	158-168	cytochrome P450 3A14	Cavia porcellus	181-197
8741472-3	1996	We studied the depressant effects of halothane, isoflurane, enflurane, and sevoflurane on MSR amplitudes as a function of anesthetic concentration comparing with MAC value of each anesthetics.	Isoflurane	48-58	5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase reductase	Rattus norvegicus	90-93
8741472-8	1996	Concentration-response curves for MSR amplitudes were constructed and the concentrations which produced a half-maximum inhibition (IC50) were 0.56, 0.65, 0.97 and 1.18 mM for halothane, isoflurane, enflurane, and sevoflurane, respectively.	Isoflurane	186-196	5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase reductase	Rattus norvegicus	34-37
8773862-6	1996	RESULTS: Isoflurane at both doses caused equal decreases in mitral inflow A(atrial systole) velocity (control: 43 +/- 12.3 cm.sec-1 vs MAC 1: 31 +/- 6.0 cm.sec-1 and MAC 1.5: 31.3 +/- 7.9 cm.sec-1 P < 0.01), the deceleration time of the mitral inflow E (early) velocity (control: 178 +/- 31.7 msec versus MAC 1: 127 +/- 38.3 msec and MAC 1.5: 137 +/- 28.4 msec, P < 0.01), and mean blood pressure (control: 91.1 +/- 15.4 mmHg versus MAC 1: 76.1 +/- 8.8 mmHg and MAC 1.5: 71.9 +/- 6.2 mmHg, P < 0.002).	Isoflurane	9-19	secretory blood group 1, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	126-131
8773862-6	1996	RESULTS: Isoflurane at both doses caused equal decreases in mitral inflow A(atrial systole) velocity (control: 43 +/- 12.3 cm.sec-1 vs MAC 1: 31 +/- 6.0 cm.sec-1 and MAC 1.5: 31.3 +/- 7.9 cm.sec-1 P < 0.01), the deceleration time of the mitral inflow E (early) velocity (control: 178 +/- 31.7 msec versus MAC 1: 127 +/- 38.3 msec and MAC 1.5: 137 +/- 28.4 msec, P < 0.01), and mean blood pressure (control: 91.1 +/- 15.4 mmHg versus MAC 1: 76.1 +/- 8.8 mmHg and MAC 1.5: 71.9 +/- 6.2 mmHg, P < 0.002).	Isoflurane	9-19	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	135-140
8773862-6	1996	RESULTS: Isoflurane at both doses caused equal decreases in mitral inflow A(atrial systole) velocity (control: 43 +/- 12.3 cm.sec-1 vs MAC 1: 31 +/- 6.0 cm.sec-1 and MAC 1.5: 31.3 +/- 7.9 cm.sec-1 P < 0.01), the deceleration time of the mitral inflow E (early) velocity (control: 178 +/- 31.7 msec versus MAC 1: 127 +/- 38.3 msec and MAC 1.5: 137 +/- 28.4 msec, P < 0.01), and mean blood pressure (control: 91.1 +/- 15.4 mmHg versus MAC 1: 76.1 +/- 8.8 mmHg and MAC 1.5: 71.9 +/- 6.2 mmHg, P < 0.002).	Isoflurane	9-19	secretory blood group 1, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	156-161
8773862-6	1996	RESULTS: Isoflurane at both doses caused equal decreases in mitral inflow A(atrial systole) velocity (control: 43 +/- 12.3 cm.sec-1 vs MAC 1: 31 +/- 6.0 cm.sec-1 and MAC 1.5: 31.3 +/- 7.9 cm.sec-1 P < 0.01), the deceleration time of the mitral inflow E (early) velocity (control: 178 +/- 31.7 msec versus MAC 1: 127 +/- 38.3 msec and MAC 1.5: 137 +/- 28.4 msec, P < 0.01), and mean blood pressure (control: 91.1 +/- 15.4 mmHg versus MAC 1: 76.1 +/- 8.8 mmHg and MAC 1.5: 71.9 +/- 6.2 mmHg, P < 0.002).	Isoflurane	9-19	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	166-171
8773862-6	1996	RESULTS: Isoflurane at both doses caused equal decreases in mitral inflow A(atrial systole) velocity (control: 43 +/- 12.3 cm.sec-1 vs MAC 1: 31 +/- 6.0 cm.sec-1 and MAC 1.5: 31.3 +/- 7.9 cm.sec-1 P < 0.01), the deceleration time of the mitral inflow E (early) velocity (control: 178 +/- 31.7 msec versus MAC 1: 127 +/- 38.3 msec and MAC 1.5: 137 +/- 28.4 msec, P < 0.01), and mean blood pressure (control: 91.1 +/- 15.4 mmHg versus MAC 1: 76.1 +/- 8.8 mmHg and MAC 1.5: 71.9 +/- 6.2 mmHg, P < 0.002).	Isoflurane	9-19	secretory blood group 1, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	191-198
8773862-6	1996	RESULTS: Isoflurane at both doses caused equal decreases in mitral inflow A(atrial systole) velocity (control: 43 +/- 12.3 cm.sec-1 vs MAC 1: 31 +/- 6.0 cm.sec-1 and MAC 1.5: 31.3 +/- 7.9 cm.sec-1 P < 0.01), the deceleration time of the mitral inflow E (early) velocity (control: 178 +/- 31.7 msec versus MAC 1: 127 +/- 38.3 msec and MAC 1.5: 137 +/- 28.4 msec, P < 0.01), and mean blood pressure (control: 91.1 +/- 15.4 mmHg versus MAC 1: 76.1 +/- 8.8 mmHg and MAC 1.5: 71.9 +/- 6.2 mmHg, P < 0.002).	Isoflurane	9-19	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	166-171
8773862-6	1996	RESULTS: Isoflurane at both doses caused equal decreases in mitral inflow A(atrial systole) velocity (control: 43 +/- 12.3 cm.sec-1 vs MAC 1: 31 +/- 6.0 cm.sec-1 and MAC 1.5: 31.3 +/- 7.9 cm.sec-1 P < 0.01), the deceleration time of the mitral inflow E (early) velocity (control: 178 +/- 31.7 msec versus MAC 1: 127 +/- 38.3 msec and MAC 1.5: 137 +/- 28.4 msec, P < 0.01), and mean blood pressure (control: 91.1 +/- 15.4 mmHg versus MAC 1: 76.1 +/- 8.8 mmHg and MAC 1.5: 71.9 +/- 6.2 mmHg, P < 0.002).	Isoflurane	9-19	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	166-171
8773862-6	1996	RESULTS: Isoflurane at both doses caused equal decreases in mitral inflow A(atrial systole) velocity (control: 43 +/- 12.3 cm.sec-1 vs MAC 1: 31 +/- 6.0 cm.sec-1 and MAC 1.5: 31.3 +/- 7.9 cm.sec-1 P < 0.01), the deceleration time of the mitral inflow E (early) velocity (control: 178 +/- 31.7 msec versus MAC 1: 127 +/- 38.3 msec and MAC 1.5: 137 +/- 28.4 msec, P < 0.01), and mean blood pressure (control: 91.1 +/- 15.4 mmHg versus MAC 1: 76.1 +/- 8.8 mmHg and MAC 1.5: 71.9 +/- 6.2 mmHg, P < 0.002).	Isoflurane	9-19	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	166-171
8773862-6	1996	RESULTS: Isoflurane at both doses caused equal decreases in mitral inflow A(atrial systole) velocity (control: 43 +/- 12.3 cm.sec-1 vs MAC 1: 31 +/- 6.0 cm.sec-1 and MAC 1.5: 31.3 +/- 7.9 cm.sec-1 P < 0.01), the deceleration time of the mitral inflow E (early) velocity (control: 178 +/- 31.7 msec versus MAC 1: 127 +/- 38.3 msec and MAC 1.5: 137 +/- 28.4 msec, P < 0.01), and mean blood pressure (control: 91.1 +/- 15.4 mmHg versus MAC 1: 76.1 +/- 8.8 mmHg and MAC 1.5: 71.9 +/- 6.2 mmHg, P < 0.002).	Isoflurane	9-19	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	166-171
8773862-7	1996	Isoflurane at both doses caused an equal increase in the E/A ratio (control: 1.5 +/- 0.57 vs MAC 1: 2.0 +/- 0.6 and MAC 1.5: 2.2 +/- 0.78, P < 0.01).	Isoflurane	0-10	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	93-98
8773862-7	1996	Isoflurane at both doses caused an equal increase in the E/A ratio (control: 1.5 +/- 0.57 vs MAC 1: 2.0 +/- 0.6 and MAC 1.5: 2.2 +/- 0.78, P < 0.01).	Isoflurane	0-10	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	116-121
8610122-6	1996	Unlabeled halothane reduced labeling more than did isoflurane, suggesting differences in the binding domains for inhalational anesthetics in the nAChR.	Isoflurane	51-61	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	145-150
8818866-4	1996	The formation of the 445 nm band in the mixture of reduced cytochrome P-450 and carbon tetrachloride, and cytochrome P-450 reduction by NADPH were both accelerated by isoflurane, without alteration of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase activity.	Isoflurane	167-177	cytochrome P450 3A14	Cavia porcellus	106-122
8786535-8	1996	As with F3, isoflurane, enflurane and halothane potentiated kainate-induced currents of GluR6 receptors.	Isoflurane	12-22	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 2 S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	88-93
8623967-12	1996	We conclude that 1) intraoperative myogenic MEP monitoring is feasible during isoflurane or sevoflurane anesthesia if stimulation is performed with a short train of rectangular pulses, and 2) that electromyographic monitoring of neuromuscular block is useful to assess intraoperative MEP changes under partial neuromuscular block.	Isoflurane	78-88	neurolysin	Homo sapiens	44-47
8672377-4	1996	Compared with baseline, the subanaesthetic concentrations of isoflurane did not change the latencies of the evoked potentials, but caused a significant reduction in the amplitudes of the LEP and SEP at 0.16 and 0.24 vol% and of the AEP at all three concentrations.	Isoflurane	61-71	leptin	Homo sapiens	187-190
8928395-5	1996	Isoflurane caused significant (P < .05) dose-dependent reduction in Q, SV, SAP, DAP, and MAP in the PRE, HYP, and SUP dogs.	Isoflurane	0-10	death-associated protein 1	Canis lupus familiaris	83-86
8602673-0	1996	Attenuated hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction during isoflurane anesthesia is abolished by cyclooxygenase inhibition in chronically instrumented dogs.	Isoflurane	53-63	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1	Canis lupus familiaris	91-105
8602673-4	1996	Moreover, because volatile anesthetics increase the production of cyclooxygenase metabolites, it was hypothesized that attenuation of HPV during isoflurane anesthesia would be abolished by cyclooxygenase inhibition.	Isoflurane	145-155	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1	Canis lupus familiaris	66-80
8602673-4	1996	Moreover, because volatile anesthetics increase the production of cyclooxygenase metabolites, it was hypothesized that attenuation of HPV during isoflurane anesthesia would be abolished by cyclooxygenase inhibition.	Isoflurane	145-155	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1	Canis lupus familiaris	189-203
8602673-10	1996	Cyclooxygenase inhibition abolished the isoflurane-induced attenuation of HPV.	Isoflurane	40-50	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1	Canis lupus familiaris	0-14
8602673-12	1996	Cyclooxygenase inhibition potentiated the magnitude of HPV in both the conscious and isoflurane-anesthetized states, which indicates that vasodilator metabolites of the cyclooxygenase pathways modulate HPV under these conditions.	Isoflurane	85-95	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1	Canis lupus familiaris	0-14
8602673-12	1996	Cyclooxygenase inhibition potentiated the magnitude of HPV in both the conscious and isoflurane-anesthetized states, which indicates that vasodilator metabolites of the cyclooxygenase pathways modulate HPV under these conditions.	Isoflurane	85-95	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1	Canis lupus familiaris	169-183
8721129-1	1996	Although isoflurane inhibits TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta release from human monocytes stimulated by LPS in dose dependent fashion, it is unclear whether sevoflurane has the same effects.	Isoflurane	9-19	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	29-38
8721129-1	1996	Although isoflurane inhibits TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta release from human monocytes stimulated by LPS in dose dependent fashion, it is unclear whether sevoflurane has the same effects.	Isoflurane	9-19	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	43-52
8672327-0	1995	Effects of halothane, enflurane and isoflurane on contraction of rat aorta induced by endothelin-1.	Isoflurane	36-46	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	86-98
8770230-0	1996	19F nuclear magnetic resonance investigation of stereoselective binding of isoflurane to bovine serum albumin.	Isoflurane	75-85	albumin	Homo sapiens	96-109
8770230-3	1996	Bovine serum albumin (BSA), a soluble protein devoid of lipid, contains specific binding sites for isoflurane and other anesthetics.	Isoflurane	99-109	albumin	Homo sapiens	7-20
8672327-2	1995	These studies were performed to see if halothane, enflurane and isoflurane attenuate endothelin-1-evoked contraction and if they interact with endothelium-dependent or -independent vasoactive substances.	Isoflurane	64-74	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	85-97
8672327-7	1995	Isoflurane at 1 and 2 MAC concentration, and enflurane at 2 MAC, induced a rightward shift of the dose-response curve obtained with endothelin-1 in both endothelium denuded and intact rings, associated with a decrease in maximal tension generated in the latter rings.	Isoflurane	0-10	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	132-144
8672327-10	1995	The present study indicates that isoflurane at 1 and 2 MAC, and enflurane at 2 MAC, significantly decreased endothelin-1-induced contraction of isolated rat aorta.	Isoflurane	33-43	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	108-120
7590142-5	1995	In those animals previously intoxicated with ethanol that received isoflurane, ALA-S activity was increased (control values: 0.071 +/- 0.022 nmol/mg, n = 10; treated animals: 0.110 +/- 0.034 nmol/mg, n = 8) and blood PBGase and deaminase were strikingly diminished (control values, n = 10: PBGase: 0.101 +/- 0.015 nmol/mg, deaminase: 0.242 +/- 0.075 nmol/mg; treated animals, n = 6: PBGase: 0.063 +/- 0.013 nmol/mg; deaminase: 0.145 +/- 0.045 nmol/mg).	Isoflurane	67-77	5'-aminolevulinate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	79-84
7590142-7	1995	The time-response study showed that liver ALA-S is enhanced at shorter times of anesthesia with isoflurane and that blood PBGase and deaminase appeared inhibited later in animals previously treated with ethanol.	Isoflurane	96-106	5'-aminolevulinate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	42-47
7661348-8	1995	Study 1: The peripheral carbon dioxide sensitivities averaged 0.50 +/- 0.08 (control) and 0.28 +/- 0.05 l.min-1.mmHg-1 (isoflurane; P < 0.01).	Isoflurane	120-130	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	106-111
7661348-10	1995	Study 2: Within 30 s of exposure to 0.1 MAC isoflurane, ventilation decreased significantly, from 17.7 +/- 1.6 (hypoxia, awake) to 15.0 +/- 1.5 l.min-1 (hypoxia, isoflurane).	Isoflurane	44-54	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	146-151
7661348-10	1995	Study 2: Within 30 s of exposure to 0.1 MAC isoflurane, ventilation decreased significantly, from 17.7 +/- 1.6 (hypoxia, awake) to 15.0 +/- 1.5 l.min-1 (hypoxia, isoflurane).	Isoflurane	162-172	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	146-151
7645702-3	1995	Using a fresh gas flow of 2 l.min-1, the ratio of inspired isoflurane concentration to isoflurane vaporizer setting was found to be approximately 4/5th after 5 min of anaesthesia.	Isoflurane	59-69	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	30-35
7646559-0	1995	Isoflurane and cytochrome b5 stimulation of 2-chloro-1,1-difluoroethene metabolism by reconstituted rat CYP2B1 and CYP2C6.	Isoflurane	0-10	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 6, variant 1	Rattus norvegicus	115-121
7646559-5	1995	Isoflurane was a potent stimulator of CDE metabolism, increasing it nearly 5-fold when catalyzed by CYP2B1, but only 2-fold when catalyzed by CYP2C6.	Isoflurane	0-10	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	100-106
7646559-5	1995	Isoflurane was a potent stimulator of CDE metabolism, increasing it nearly 5-fold when catalyzed by CYP2B1, but only 2-fold when catalyzed by CYP2C6.	Isoflurane	0-10	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 6, variant 1	Rattus norvegicus	142-148
7646559-0	1995	Isoflurane and cytochrome b5 stimulation of 2-chloro-1,1-difluoroethene metabolism by reconstituted rat CYP2B1 and CYP2C6.	Isoflurane	0-10	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	104-110
7645702-3	1995	Using a fresh gas flow of 2 l.min-1, the ratio of inspired isoflurane concentration to isoflurane vaporizer setting was found to be approximately 4/5th after 5 min of anaesthesia.	Isoflurane	87-97	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	30-35
7604990-4	1995	METHODS: The fluorescence emission of calmodulin was obtained over a range of Ca2+ concentrations (10(-7)-10(-4)M) in the presence and absence of halothane and isoflurane.	Isoflurane	160-170	calmodulin	Bos taurus	38-48
7604990-0	1995	Halothane and isoflurane alter the Ca2+ binding properties of calmodulin.	Isoflurane	14-24	calmodulin	Bos taurus	62-72
7646559-7	1995	Cytochrome b5 was not required for isoflurane-facilitated CDE metabolism; however, the addition of cytochrome b5 to CYP2B1 increased CDE metabolism 71 and 44%, in the absence and presence of isoflurane, respectively.	Isoflurane	191-201	cytochrome b5 type A	Rattus norvegicus	99-112
7646559-8	1995	In reconstituted CYP2B1, isoflurane generated a type I difference spectrum of approximately twice the magnitude of CDE and stimulated NADPH consumption more so than CDE.	Isoflurane	25-35	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-23
7541615-11	1995	CONCLUSIONS: Although acute nonselective inhibition of nitric oxide synthase reduces the anesthetic requirements of wild-type mice, a chronic congenital deficiency of neuronal nitric oxide synthase or a week of L-NAME treatment of wild-type mice does not produce a state of greater sensitivity to the effects of isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	312-322	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	167-197
7604990-3	1995	We therefore examined the effects of halothane and isoflurane on the Ca(2+)-binding properties of bovine brain calmodulin.	Isoflurane	51-61	calmodulin	Bos taurus	111-121
7604990-12	1995	At 0.57% (0.25 mM) halothane and 1.7% (0.66 mM) isoflurane, the affinity of calmodulin for Ca2+ relative to control was decreased.	Isoflurane	48-58	calmodulin	Bos taurus	76-86
7552780-7	1995	Unanesthetized injured mice exhibited maximal lung myeloperoxidase activity 2 h after zymosan injection (.671 +/- .07 delta OD.min-1), which was significantly attenuated (p < .01) in injured mice anesthetized with halothane (.369 +/- .054) and isoflurane (.324 +/- .055).	Isoflurane	247-257	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	51-66
7637187-0	1995	[The effect of isoflurane on the secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta from LPS-stimulated human peripheral blood monocytes].	Isoflurane	15-25	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	46-55
7637187-0	1995	[The effect of isoflurane on the secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta from LPS-stimulated human peripheral blood monocytes].	Isoflurane	15-25	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	60-69
7637187-4	1995	TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta secretions increased after LPS stimulation and this increase was inhibited by isoflurane in dose-dependent fashion.	Isoflurane	102-112	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	0-9
7637187-4	1995	TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta secretions increased after LPS stimulation and this increase was inhibited by isoflurane in dose-dependent fashion.	Isoflurane	102-112	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	14-23
7637187-6	1995	We concluded that isoflurane could inhibit TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta secretions from peripheral blood monocytes stimulated by LPS in a dose-dependent fashion and that the inhibitory action of isoflurane was reversible.	Isoflurane	18-28	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	43-52
7637187-6	1995	We concluded that isoflurane could inhibit TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta secretions from peripheral blood monocytes stimulated by LPS in a dose-dependent fashion and that the inhibitory action of isoflurane was reversible.	Isoflurane	18-28	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	57-66
7856894-2	1995	In humans, various methods for measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF) have produced results compatible with a redistribution of CBF toward deep brain structures during isoflurane anesthesia in humans.	Isoflurane	165-175	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	62-65
7856894-2	1995	In humans, various methods for measuring cerebral blood flow (CBF) have produced results compatible with a redistribution of CBF toward deep brain structures during isoflurane anesthesia in humans.	Isoflurane	165-175	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	125-128
7856894-16	1995	CONCLUSIONS: There is a difference in the human rCBF distribution between halothane and isoflurane with higher relative flows in subcortical regions during isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	88-98	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	48-52
7856894-16	1995	CONCLUSIONS: There is a difference in the human rCBF distribution between halothane and isoflurane with higher relative flows in subcortical regions during isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	156-166	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	48-52
7870045-4	1995	Thus, transfection with the beta 2 subunit reduced the efficacy of both isoflurane and halothane, whereas transfection with the beta 3 subunit increased the efficacy of isoflurane but not halothane, compared with values obtained in WSS-1 cells.	Isoflurane	72-82	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	28-34
7696059-3	1995	Isoflurane reduced the initial increase in ventilation significantly by 3.12 (95% confidence limits 1.69, 4.55) litre min-1 (P < 0.05) and domperidone increased the initial increase in ventilation by 1.78 (0.35, 3.21) litre min-1 (P < 0.05).	Isoflurane	0-10	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	118-123
8835632-5	1995	The relevant results for each of the 3 anaesthetic methods were as follows: i) treatment with isoflurane induced a significant reduction in the number and function of CD4+ cells at 10 min, which was reversed at 48 h; a functional but not reversible decrease of CD19+ cells was obtained, ii) treatment with neuroleptic drugs induced a significant progressive functional impairment of CD4+ and CD19+ cells, and iii) local anaesthesia caused a significant functional impairment of CD8+ cells at 48 h and a significant functional impairment of CD19+ cells at 10 min and 48 h.	Isoflurane	94-104	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	167-170
7720526-6	1995	Two samples in which isoflurane potentiated CDE metabolism to the greatest rates had higher coumarin 7-hydroxylase (indicative of CYP2A6), 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (CYP2B6), and nifedipine oxidase (CYP3A4) activities than the other eight samples.	Isoflurane	21-31	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	92-114
7720526-6	1995	Two samples in which isoflurane potentiated CDE metabolism to the greatest rates had higher coumarin 7-hydroxylase (indicative of CYP2A6), 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (CYP2B6), and nifedipine oxidase (CYP3A4) activities than the other eight samples.	Isoflurane	21-31	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily A member 6	Homo sapiens	130-136
7720526-6	1995	Two samples in which isoflurane potentiated CDE metabolism to the greatest rates had higher coumarin 7-hydroxylase (indicative of CYP2A6), 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (CYP2B6), and nifedipine oxidase (CYP3A4) activities than the other eight samples.	Isoflurane	21-31	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	170-176
7720526-6	1995	Two samples in which isoflurane potentiated CDE metabolism to the greatest rates had higher coumarin 7-hydroxylase (indicative of CYP2A6), 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (CYP2B6), and nifedipine oxidase (CYP3A4) activities than the other eight samples.	Isoflurane	21-31	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	183-201
7720526-6	1995	Two samples in which isoflurane potentiated CDE metabolism to the greatest rates had higher coumarin 7-hydroxylase (indicative of CYP2A6), 7-ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase (CYP2B6), and nifedipine oxidase (CYP3A4) activities than the other eight samples.	Isoflurane	21-31	cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4	Homo sapiens	203-209
7720526-8	1995	In microsomes from cells transfected with cDNAs coding for individual human P450s, CDE metabolism by CYP2B6 was stimulated (216%) by isoflurane, whereas isoflurane did not stimulate CDE metabolism by human CYP2A6, CYP3A4, CYP2D6, or CYP2E1.	Isoflurane	133-143	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6	Homo sapiens	101-107
7720526-9	1995	Isoflurane highly increased CDE defluorination in purified rat CYP2B1 (470%).	Isoflurane	0-10	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-69
8835632-5	1995	The relevant results for each of the 3 anaesthetic methods were as follows: i) treatment with isoflurane induced a significant reduction in the number and function of CD4+ cells at 10 min, which was reversed at 48 h; a functional but not reversible decrease of CD19+ cells was obtained, ii) treatment with neuroleptic drugs induced a significant progressive functional impairment of CD4+ and CD19+ cells, and iii) local anaesthesia caused a significant functional impairment of CD8+ cells at 48 h and a significant functional impairment of CD19+ cells at 10 min and 48 h.	Isoflurane	94-104	CD19 molecule	Homo sapiens	261-265
8835632-5	1995	The relevant results for each of the 3 anaesthetic methods were as follows: i) treatment with isoflurane induced a significant reduction in the number and function of CD4+ cells at 10 min, which was reversed at 48 h; a functional but not reversible decrease of CD19+ cells was obtained, ii) treatment with neuroleptic drugs induced a significant progressive functional impairment of CD4+ and CD19+ cells, and iii) local anaesthesia caused a significant functional impairment of CD8+ cells at 48 h and a significant functional impairment of CD19+ cells at 10 min and 48 h.	Isoflurane	94-104	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	383-386
8835632-5	1995	The relevant results for each of the 3 anaesthetic methods were as follows: i) treatment with isoflurane induced a significant reduction in the number and function of CD4+ cells at 10 min, which was reversed at 48 h; a functional but not reversible decrease of CD19+ cells was obtained, ii) treatment with neuroleptic drugs induced a significant progressive functional impairment of CD4+ and CD19+ cells, and iii) local anaesthesia caused a significant functional impairment of CD8+ cells at 48 h and a significant functional impairment of CD19+ cells at 10 min and 48 h.	Isoflurane	94-104	CD19 molecule	Homo sapiens	392-396
8835632-5	1995	The relevant results for each of the 3 anaesthetic methods were as follows: i) treatment with isoflurane induced a significant reduction in the number and function of CD4+ cells at 10 min, which was reversed at 48 h; a functional but not reversible decrease of CD19+ cells was obtained, ii) treatment with neuroleptic drugs induced a significant progressive functional impairment of CD4+ and CD19+ cells, and iii) local anaesthesia caused a significant functional impairment of CD8+ cells at 48 h and a significant functional impairment of CD19+ cells at 10 min and 48 h.	Isoflurane	94-104	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	478-481
8835632-5	1995	The relevant results for each of the 3 anaesthetic methods were as follows: i) treatment with isoflurane induced a significant reduction in the number and function of CD4+ cells at 10 min, which was reversed at 48 h; a functional but not reversible decrease of CD19+ cells was obtained, ii) treatment with neuroleptic drugs induced a significant progressive functional impairment of CD4+ and CD19+ cells, and iii) local anaesthesia caused a significant functional impairment of CD8+ cells at 48 h and a significant functional impairment of CD19+ cells at 10 min and 48 h.	Isoflurane	94-104	CD19 molecule	Homo sapiens	392-396
8010482-11	1994	Isoflurane and octanol also produced concentration-dependent inhibition of the [Ca2+]i response to TRH.	Isoflurane	0-10	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	99-102
7875542-4	1994	Liver and kidney delta-Aminolevulinic acid synthetase (ALA-S) activities were 85% (P < 0.01) induced after the third dose of Enflurane, instead induction of this enzyme was only detected, in animals receiving one dose of Isoflurane.	Isoflurane	224-234	5'-aminolevulinate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	17-53
7875542-4	1994	Liver and kidney delta-Aminolevulinic acid synthetase (ALA-S) activities were 85% (P < 0.01) induced after the third dose of Enflurane, instead induction of this enzyme was only detected, in animals receiving one dose of Isoflurane.	Isoflurane	224-234	5'-aminolevulinate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	55-60
7912947-9	1994	The addition of fentanyl (balanced) or isoflurane to the anaesthetic mixture produced further increases in thenar muscle blood flow to reach, respectively, 26.2 (16) and 26.8 (13.6) ml min-1/100 g during steady state anaesthesia.	Isoflurane	39-49	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	185-196
7933971-7	1994	Results indicate that both pentobarbital and isoflurane elicit changes in blood pressure, heart rate, vasopressin, plasma renin activity and ventilatory drive that should be considered when using either of these anesthetic agents in acute studies.	Isoflurane	45-55	vasopressin	Sus scrofa	102-113
7933971-7	1994	Results indicate that both pentobarbital and isoflurane elicit changes in blood pressure, heart rate, vasopressin, plasma renin activity and ventilatory drive that should be considered when using either of these anesthetic agents in acute studies.	Isoflurane	45-55	renin	Sus scrofa	122-127
7830493-9	1995	Isoflurane also inhibited sGC activity, but to a lesser extent than halothane.	Isoflurane	0-10	guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 2	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
7992901-10	1994	RESULTS: In the control and intravenous lidocaine groups, an increase in isoflurane concentration from 2% to 3% significantly increased systolic blood pressure (peak changes of 16 +/- 5 and 15 +/- 6 mmHg, respectively) and heart rate (peak changes of 23 +/- 3 and 13 +/- 4 beats.min-1, respectively).	Isoflurane	73-83	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	279-284
7992901-12	1994	Blood pressure and heart rate responses to a change to 3% isoflurane were significantly blunted in the groups receiving clonidine (peak changes of 4 +/- 4 mmHg and 8 +/- 3 beats.min-1, respectively) or nasal lidocaine (peak changes of 2 +/- 1 mmHg and 4 +/- 2 beats.min-1, respectively) compared with the control group.	Isoflurane	58-68	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	178-183
7992901-12	1994	Blood pressure and heart rate responses to a change to 3% isoflurane were significantly blunted in the groups receiving clonidine (peak changes of 4 +/- 4 mmHg and 8 +/- 3 beats.min-1, respectively) or nasal lidocaine (peak changes of 2 +/- 1 mmHg and 4 +/- 2 beats.min-1, respectively) compared with the control group.	Isoflurane	58-68	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	266-271
7837396-3	1994	In order to select a suitable volatile anaesthetic from the standpoint of cytoskeletal protein breakdown during cerebral ischemia, we compared the effect of isoflurane, halothane and sevoflurane on MAP 2 degradation during 20 min of forebrain ischemia in the rat.	Isoflurane	157-167	microtubule-associated protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	198-203
7837396-7	1994	MAP 2 in the frontoparietal cortex and hippocampus was significantly protected from degradation with isoflurane anaesthesia more than with halothane and sevoflurane anaesthesia.	Isoflurane	101-111	microtubule-associated protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
7527229-13	1994	NAG excretion started to increase after inhalation of either sevoflurane or isoflurane.	Isoflurane	76-86	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	0-3
8017643-9	1994	The rapid increase to 1.66 MAC increased mean arterial blood pressure, heart rate, and plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations, and plasma renin activity with both desflurane and isoflurane, the former usually producing a response of greater magnitude than the latter.	Isoflurane	192-202	renin	Homo sapiens	152-157
8017643-16	1994	CONCLUSIONS: In healthy male volunteers, rapid increases of desflurane or isoflurane from 0.55 to 1.66 MAC increase sympathetic and renin-angiotensin system activity, and cause transient increases in arterial blood pressure and heart rate.	Isoflurane	74-84	renin	Homo sapiens	132-137
8017648-2	1994	Do isoflurane and halothane (0.5-3.0% in the gas phase) inhibit contractions evoked in isolated porcine coronary artery rings (without endothelium) by the specific Ca2+ mobilizing agonists serotonin, endothelin-1, and F-?	Isoflurane	3-13	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	200-212
8198912-1	1994	We have examined the activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) in rat cortical synaptosomes in the presence of three volatile anaesthetic agents: enflurane, halothane and isoflurane.	Isoflurane	174-184	choline O-acetyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	33-58
8198917-0	1994	Comparison of the effects of isoflurane and propofol on hepatic glutathione-S-transferase concentrations during and after prolonged anaesthesia.	Isoflurane	29-39	glutathione S-transferase kappa 1	Homo sapiens	64-89
8171950-10	1994	It is concluded that the poikilocapnic HVR to PEO2"s of 8.7 kPa was maintained during 0.85 MAC isoflurane.	Isoflurane	95-105	solute carrier family 25 member 4	Homo sapiens	46-50
8140871-2	1994	The influence in vivo of nitrous oxide (N2O) per se and the addition of a halogenated volatile anaesthetic (halothane or isoflurane) on ADP-induced platelet aggregation and release of beta-thromboglobulin into plasma was evaluated.	Isoflurane	121-131	pro-platelet basic protein	Homo sapiens	184-204
8110555-11	1994	Increasing isoflurane anaesthesia from 1 to 2 MAC increased mean CBF from 41 to 49 ml/100 g min-1 (P < 0.01) and decreased mean CMRO2 from 1.5 to 1.1 ml/100 g min-1 (P < 0.001) and thus abolished the coupling between flow and metabolism.	Isoflurane	11-21	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	92-97
8110555-11	1994	Increasing isoflurane anaesthesia from 1 to 2 MAC increased mean CBF from 41 to 49 ml/100 g min-1 (P < 0.01) and decreased mean CMRO2 from 1.5 to 1.1 ml/100 g min-1 (P < 0.001) and thus abolished the coupling between flow and metabolism.	Isoflurane	11-21	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	162-167
8141810-1	1993	DNA single strand breaks were determined in peripheral lymphocytes of neurosurgical patients before and after 180 min of general anesthesia with isoflurane (CAS 26675-46-7)-nitrous oxide-oxygen.	Isoflurane	145-155	BCAR1 scaffold protein, Cas family member	Homo sapiens	157-160
7690453-2	1993	Isoflurane enhanced gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-activated chloride currents in cells that expressed heteromeric GABAA receptors consisting of combinations of alpha 1 or alpha 2, beta 1, and gamma 2 subunits and in cells that expressed receptors consisting of combinations of only alpha and beta subunits.	Isoflurane	0-10	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	161-179
8214760-0	1993	Identification of cytochrome P450 2E1 as the predominant enzyme catalyzing human liver microsomal defluorination of sevoflurane, isoflurane, and methoxyflurane.	Isoflurane	129-139	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	18-37
8363075-8	1993	RESULTS: At 1.0 MAC, mean +/- SD CBF values for the desflurane and isoflurane groups were 18 +/- 2 and 20 +/- 3 ml x 100 g-1 x min-1, respectively.	Isoflurane	67-77	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	127-132
8141457-2	1994	METHODS: We determined the effect of halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane on the binding of the Ca2+ channel blocker PN200-110 to skeletal muscle membranes isolated from malignant hyperthermia-susceptible and normal pigs.	Isoflurane	63-73	carbonic anhydrase 2	Sus scrofa	96-99
8289749-3	1993	Halothane did so most profoundly, resulting in a maximum slowing of 40 beats-1 compared with a maximum slowing of about 20 beats min-1 with both isoflurane and enflurane.	Isoflurane	145-155	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	129-134
7690453-2	1993	Isoflurane enhanced gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-activated chloride currents in cells that expressed heteromeric GABAA receptors consisting of combinations of alpha 1 or alpha 2, beta 1, and gamma 2 subunits and in cells that expressed receptors consisting of combinations of only alpha and beta subunits.	Isoflurane	0-10	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1	Homo sapiens	181-187
7690453-2	1993	Isoflurane enhanced gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-activated chloride currents in cells that expressed heteromeric GABAA receptors consisting of combinations of alpha 1 or alpha 2, beta 1, and gamma 2 subunits and in cells that expressed receptors consisting of combinations of only alpha and beta subunits.	Isoflurane	0-10	tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	193-200
7690453-3	1993	Receptors consisting of alpha 2 and gamma 2 subunits were poorly expressed but were sensitive to isoflurane.	Isoflurane	97-107	tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	36-43
8342841-7	1993	RESULTS: The rCBF of the ischemic cortex (IC) and the non-ischemic contralateral cortex (CC) of the isoflurane group were significantly higher than those of the pentobarbital group.	Isoflurane	100-110	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	13-17
8123401-0	1993	Isoflurane reduces microtubule-associated protein 2 degradation compared with halothane during forebrain ischaemia in the rat.	Isoflurane	0-10	microtubule-associated protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	19-51
8123401-7	1993	MtP2 degradation in the frontoparietal cortex and hippocampus was significantly (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01) less with isoflurane anaesthesia (75.6 (SD 10.7)% and 72.3 (12.8)%, respectively) than with halothane (65.0 (13.1)% and 54.7 (13.9)%, respectively).	Isoflurane	120-130	microtubule-associated protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
8097700-9	1993	These data indicate that isoflurane is an efficient uncoupler of cytochrome P-450, and suggests that increased CDE metabolism by isoflurane may result from a coupling of isoflurane-stimulated cytochrome P-450 activity to CDE oxidation.	Isoflurane	25-35	cytochrome P-450	Oryctolagus cuniculus	65-81
8320811-4	1993	Also, TOF ratio decreased by 12% in a mild case, by 22% in a moderate case, and 48% in a severe case during isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	108-118	FEZ family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	6-9
8386245-8	1993	Isoflurane 2.0% inhibited [Ca++]i responses evoked by vasopressin by 35 to 41%.	Isoflurane	0-10	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	54-65
8386245-10	1993	The anesthetic attenuated inositol phosphate generation evoked by vasopressin and platelet-derived growth factor, suggesting a mechanism for isoflurane action on Ca++ release.	Isoflurane	141-151	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	66-77
8386245-14	1993	It is suggested that isoflurane attenuates total inositol phosphate formation and Ca++ release evoked by vasopressin and platelet-derived growth factor while having limited effects on agonist-induced Ca++ entry.	Isoflurane	21-31	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	105-116
8097700-9	1993	These data indicate that isoflurane is an efficient uncoupler of cytochrome P-450, and suggests that increased CDE metabolism by isoflurane may result from a coupling of isoflurane-stimulated cytochrome P-450 activity to CDE oxidation.	Isoflurane	25-35	cytochrome P-450	Oryctolagus cuniculus	192-208
8097700-9	1993	These data indicate that isoflurane is an efficient uncoupler of cytochrome P-450, and suggests that increased CDE metabolism by isoflurane may result from a coupling of isoflurane-stimulated cytochrome P-450 activity to CDE oxidation.	Isoflurane	129-139	cytochrome P-450	Oryctolagus cuniculus	192-208
8097700-9	1993	These data indicate that isoflurane is an efficient uncoupler of cytochrome P-450, and suggests that increased CDE metabolism by isoflurane may result from a coupling of isoflurane-stimulated cytochrome P-450 activity to CDE oxidation.	Isoflurane	129-139	cytochrome P-450	Oryctolagus cuniculus	192-208
8476618-13	1993	ED50 and ED95 for pancuronium with balanced anesthesia and for desflurane or isoflurane in low and high MACs, as well as speed of recovery, were determined.	Isoflurane	77-87	myristoylated alanine rich protein kinase C substrate	Homo sapiens	104-108
1479810-6	1992	The results of this study indicate that anesthesia with isoflurane significantly alters the glucose/insulin response to an intravenous glucose tolerance test and, therefore, is unsuitable for studies when glucose tolerance is to be assessed.	Isoflurane	56-66	insulin	Homo sapiens	100-107
7681394-4	1993	Our data confirm that isoflurane enhances the precentral P22 and that the enhanced "P22" arises from the same generator as the P22 recorded before isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	147-157	calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1	Homo sapiens	83-87
8434746-0	1993	Effects of halothane and isoflurane on beta-endorphin release in children.	Isoflurane	25-35	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	39-53
8434746-3	1993	Beta-endorphin release was most increased with isoflurane, especially during the maintenance period.	Isoflurane	47-57	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	0-14
1643040-1	1992	Analysis of isoflurane binding to serum albumin.	Isoflurane	12-22	albumin	Homo sapiens	34-47
1643040-2	1992	This paper characterizes the low-affinity ligand binding interactions of a fluorinated volatile anesthetic, isoflurane (CHF2OCHClCF3), with bovine serum albumin (BSA) using 19F-NMR transverse relaxation (T2).	Isoflurane	108-118	albumin	Homo sapiens	147-160
1314526-3	1992	It was found that the required hypotension (51 (SEM 1) mmHg) could be obtained and maintained at much lower isoflurane concentrations (less than 1%) after blockade of the angiotensin converting enzyme activity by enalaprilat (2.5 mg i.v.)	Isoflurane	108-118	SEM1 26S proteasome subunit	Homo sapiens	48-53
1318010-11	1992	It appears that while halothane and isoflurane suppress both IK and ICa, these anesthetics preferentially reduce ICa.	Isoflurane	36-46	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C	Canis lupus familiaris	61-71
1642941-6	1992	Compared with nitrous oxide, isoflurane significantly increased the latencies of the AER waves Pa (P = 0.02) and Nb (P = 0.02), and the SSER waves N20 (P = 0.001) and P25 (P = 0.04).	Isoflurane	29-39	tubulin polymerization promoting protein	Homo sapiens	167-170
1952037-8	1991	With respect to time course, earlier and more marked increases of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) levels were observed in the isoflurane groups compared to the halothane groups (P less than 0.01), representing the more rapid elimination of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	154-164	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	99-119
1736699-7	1992	In the rostral sections, in the isoflurane- and halothane-normothermia groups, moderate to severe injury was observed in striatum, cerebral cortex, hippocampus (CA1 and CA3 areas), and reticular nucleus of the thalamus (e.g., the median scores for the CA1 area were 3 in both the halothane-hypothermia and the isoflurane-normothermia groups), and there were no differences between the two groups.	Isoflurane	32-42	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	161-164
1736699-7	1992	In the rostral sections, in the isoflurane- and halothane-normothermia groups, moderate to severe injury was observed in striatum, cerebral cortex, hippocampus (CA1 and CA3 areas), and reticular nucleus of the thalamus (e.g., the median scores for the CA1 area were 3 in both the halothane-hypothermia and the isoflurane-normothermia groups), and there were no differences between the two groups.	Isoflurane	32-42	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	169-172
1736699-7	1992	In the rostral sections, in the isoflurane- and halothane-normothermia groups, moderate to severe injury was observed in striatum, cerebral cortex, hippocampus (CA1 and CA3 areas), and reticular nucleus of the thalamus (e.g., the median scores for the CA1 area were 3 in both the halothane-hypothermia and the isoflurane-normothermia groups), and there were no differences between the two groups.	Isoflurane	32-42	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	252-255
1952174-2	1991	In the isoflurane group, plasma fluoride increased from a mean concentration of 3.1 mumol/L to 20.0 mumol/L at the end of sedation, continued to increase to a peak of 25.3 mumol/L 16 h later, and then decreased exponentially (t1/2 = 111 h) to reach normal levels by the fifth day.	Isoflurane	7-17	interleukin 1 receptor like 1	Homo sapiens	226-238
1874810-8	1991	In isoflurane-anesthetized sham rats (n = 5; no ischemia), CBF was approximately three times greater than in methohexital-treated (n = 5) sham rats.	Isoflurane	3-13	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	59-62
1952037-8	1991	With respect to time course, earlier and more marked increases of epinephrine, norepinephrine, and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) levels were observed in the isoflurane groups compared to the halothane groups (P less than 0.01), representing the more rapid elimination of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	154-164	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	121-124
1677545-3	1991	Effective vecuronium infusion requirements averaged 1.5 +/- 0.1 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 (mean +/- SEM) during isoflurane-narcotic-nitrous oxide anesthesia, 1.9 +/- 0.1 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 during halothane-narcotic-nitrous oxide anesthesia, and 2.4 +/- 0.3 micrograms.kg-1.min-1 during narcotic-nitrous oxide anesthesia.	Isoflurane	108-118	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	80-85
2031817-8	1991	For isoflurane, the PE"-Pa gradient was small relative to Pa and did not differ significantly between young and elderly.	Isoflurane	4-14	carnosine dipeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	20-26
15278623-2	1991	To confirm this, we determined the incidence of opisthotonus induced by four different halogenated ethers (2.0% sevoflurane, 1.3% isoflurane, 2.0% enflurane, and 0.5% methoxyflurane) and 1.0% halothane, a haloalkane, in male ddN mice.	Isoflurane	130-140	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	48-60
15278623-4	1991	In each age group, the incidence of opisthotonus occurred in the following order: sevoflurane > isoflurane > enflurane > methoxyflurane > halothane.	Isoflurane	99-109	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	36-48
1673324-7	1991	Plasma renin activity levels increased 48% with sodium nitroprusside and 126% with isoflurane.	Isoflurane	83-93	renin	Homo sapiens	7-12
2033449-4	1991	The effect of isoflurane (superimposed on a baseline of N2O/narcotic anesthesia) on MEP"s in response to cortical stimulation is specifically examined.	Isoflurane	14-24	cathepsin L	Homo sapiens	84-87
2033449-14	1991	Addition of isoflurane [isoflurane)exp, less than or equal to 0.5%) to pre-existing anesthesia caused marked attenuation of MEP amplitudes in all patients within 5 minutes of its application, without affecting neuromuscular transmission as judged by direct peripheral nerve stimulation.	Isoflurane	12-22	cathepsin L	Homo sapiens	124-127
2033449-14	1991	Addition of isoflurane [isoflurane)exp, less than or equal to 0.5%) to pre-existing anesthesia caused marked attenuation of MEP amplitudes in all patients within 5 minutes of its application, without affecting neuromuscular transmission as judged by direct peripheral nerve stimulation.	Isoflurane	24-34	cathepsin L	Homo sapiens	124-127
1678296-6	1991	In hippocampal CA1 neurons, on the other hand, there was a relatively small potentiation of the effects of isoflurane at the maximally effective dexmedetomidine concentration (1 nM).	Isoflurane	107-117	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-18
2031817-10	1991	In the elderly, PE"-Pa for halothane was significantly greater than in the young and than PE"-Pa for isoflurane.	Isoflurane	101-111	carnosine dipeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	90-96
1986663-2	1991	The current study compared the effects of halothane, enflurane, and isoflurane on resting membrane potential and conductance of hippocampal CA1 neurons in vitro.	Isoflurane	68-78	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	140-143
2048706-12	1991	With the respective inhalational agents, Rin increased maximally between 3% (halothane) or 8% (enflurane) and 21% (isoflurane), Rex between 16% (halothane, enflurane) and 29% (isoflurane).	Isoflurane	115-125	Ras like without CAAX 2	Homo sapiens	41-44
2048706-12	1991	With the respective inhalational agents, Rin increased maximally between 3% (halothane) or 8% (enflurane) and 21% (isoflurane), Rex between 16% (halothane, enflurane) and 29% (isoflurane).	Isoflurane	176-186	Ras like without CAAX 2	Homo sapiens	41-44
2360736-5	1990	Isoflurane administration both with and without nitrous oxide led to a decrease of MSA (P less than 0.05).	Isoflurane	0-10	thyroid peroxidase	Homo sapiens	83-86
2393109-5	1990	However, mean surface PO2 of liver and small intestine decreased to similar degrees (20%) during isoflurane and enflurane.	Isoflurane	97-107	PO2	Sus scrofa	22-25
2277565-12	1990	This result indicates that isoflurane anesthesia can block the plasma NPY as well as catecholamines during surgical stress.	Isoflurane	27-37	neuropeptide Y	Homo sapiens	70-73
2360736-6	1990	However, during nitrous oxide/isoflurane anesthesia (1.0 MAC) MSA was 76 +/- 38% higher than when isoflurane was used alone, although this implied a decrease in anesthetic depth to 0.5 MAC.	Isoflurane	30-40	thyroid peroxidase	Homo sapiens	62-65
2360736-6	1990	However, during nitrous oxide/isoflurane anesthesia (1.0 MAC) MSA was 76 +/- 38% higher than when isoflurane was used alone, although this implied a decrease in anesthetic depth to 0.5 MAC.	Isoflurane	98-108	thyroid peroxidase	Homo sapiens	62-65
2360736-8	1990	During undisturbed propofol, nitrous oxide, and/or isoflurane administration (up to 1.0 MAC), MSA retained its normal pulse synchronous pattern, indicating that modulation of sympathetic outflow from arterial baroreceptors was still present.	Isoflurane	51-61	thyroid peroxidase	Homo sapiens	94-97
2360744-5	1990	Ten minutes after the beginning of the administration of isoflurane, total leucine carbon flux, leucine oxidation, and leucine incorporation into proteins decreased (P less than 0.05), resulting in a slight decrease in the ratio of leucine oxidation to nonoxidative leucine disappearance (LOX/NOLD, P less than 0.05), an indicator of leucine catabolism.	Isoflurane	57-67	lysyl oxidase	Canis lupus familiaris	289-292
2360744-9	1990	These data strongly suggest a widespread and immediate metabolic effect of isoflurane anesthesia, which includes peripheral insulin resistance to glucose disposal, decreased lipolysis, and a progressive increase in protein wasting with increasing duration of anesthesia.	Isoflurane	75-85	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	124-131
33772342-12	2021	Intranasal LVS was also found to significantly prevent the ISO-induced apoptosis by reducing Bax and cleaved caspase-3, and by increasing Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL.	Isoflurane	59-62	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	93-96
33791908-0	2021	Early Isoflurane Exposure Impairs Synaptic Development in Fmr1 KO Mice via the mTOR Pathway.	Isoflurane	6-16	fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1	Mus musculus	58-62
33791908-0	2021	Early Isoflurane Exposure Impairs Synaptic Development in Fmr1 KO Mice via the mTOR Pathway.	Isoflurane	6-16	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Mus musculus	79-83
33791908-6	2021	Isoflurane exposure caused reduction in Synpasin-1, PSD-95, and Gephyrin puncta that was significantly lower in Fmr1-KO mice than in WT mice.	Isoflurane	0-10	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4	Mus musculus	52-58
33791908-6	2021	Isoflurane exposure caused reduction in Synpasin-1, PSD-95, and Gephyrin puncta that was significantly lower in Fmr1-KO mice than in WT mice.	Isoflurane	0-10	gephyrin	Mus musculus	64-72
33791908-6	2021	Isoflurane exposure caused reduction in Synpasin-1, PSD-95, and Gephyrin puncta that was significantly lower in Fmr1-KO mice than in WT mice.	Isoflurane	0-10	fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1	Mus musculus	112-116
33791908-8	2021	Early developmental exposure to isoflurane causes more profound synapse loss in Fmr1- KO than WT mice, and this effect is mediated by a pathologic increase in mTOR pathway activity.	Isoflurane	32-42	fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein 1	Mus musculus	80-84
33791908-8	2021	Early developmental exposure to isoflurane causes more profound synapse loss in Fmr1- KO than WT mice, and this effect is mediated by a pathologic increase in mTOR pathway activity.	Isoflurane	32-42	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Mus musculus	159-163
33772342-12	2021	Intranasal LVS was also found to significantly prevent the ISO-induced apoptosis by reducing Bax and cleaved caspase-3, and by increasing Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL.	Isoflurane	59-62	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	109-118
33772342-12	2021	Intranasal LVS was also found to significantly prevent the ISO-induced apoptosis by reducing Bax and cleaved caspase-3, and by increasing Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL.	Isoflurane	59-62	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	138-143
33772342-12	2021	Intranasal LVS was also found to significantly prevent the ISO-induced apoptosis by reducing Bax and cleaved caspase-3, and by increasing Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL.	Isoflurane	59-62	Bcl2-like 1	Rattus norvegicus	148-154
29345054-3	2018	This study was designed to investigate whether isoflurane contributed to the POCD occurrence through A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR) in aged mice.	Isoflurane	47-57	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	101-122
29345054-6	2018	However, A1AR KO mice with isoflurane exposure performed better than WT mice with isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	27-37	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	9-13
33764684-0	2021	Effect of basal forebrain somatostatin and parvalbumin neurons in propofol and isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	79-89	parvalbumin	Mus musculus	43-54
29345054-3	2018	This study was designed to investigate whether isoflurane contributed to the POCD occurrence through A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR) in aged mice.	Isoflurane	47-57	adenosine A1 receptor	Mus musculus	124-128
29345054-10	2018	CONCLUSIONS: We found an association between isoflurane exposure, impairment of spatial memory, decreasing level of NR2B, and increasing levels of A-beta and P-tau, presumably via the activation of the A1A receptor.	Isoflurane	45-55	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA2B (epsilon 2)	Mus musculus	116-120
34895041-9	2021	Maprotiline treatment restored isoflurane-induced reduction of TREM2 in BV2 microglial cells.	Isoflurane	31-41	triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2	Mus musculus	63-68
29345054-10	2018	CONCLUSIONS: We found an association between isoflurane exposure, impairment of spatial memory, decreasing level of NR2B, and increasing levels of A-beta and P-tau, presumably via the activation of the A1A receptor.	Isoflurane	45-55	histocompatibility 2, class II antigen A, beta 1	Mus musculus	147-153
34515180-0	2022	The Protective Effect of Notoginsenoside R1 on Isoflurane-Induced Neurological Impairment in the Rats via Regulating miR-29a Expression and Neuroinflammation.	Isoflurane	47-57	reticulon 4 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	25-43
34515180-8	2022	RESULTS: NGR1 attenuated neurological impairment induced by isoflurane, shown by the decrease in neurological function score and escape latency and the increase in staying time in the original quadrant in rats.	Isoflurane	60-70	reticulon 4 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	9-13
34515180-9	2022	NGR1 reversed the downregulation of miR-29a expression induced by isoflurane treatment.	Isoflurane	66-76	reticulon 4 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
34515180-9	2022	NGR1 reversed the downregulation of miR-29a expression induced by isoflurane treatment.	Isoflurane	66-76	microRNA 29a	Rattus norvegicus	36-43
34515180-10	2022	After the treatment of NGR1, the elevated levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta induced by isoflurane were all decreased significantly in the hippocampal tissues of rats.	Isoflurane	93-103	reticulon 4 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	23-27
34515180-10	2022	After the treatment of NGR1, the elevated levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta induced by isoflurane were all decreased significantly in the hippocampal tissues of rats.	Isoflurane	93-103	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	52-56
34515180-10	2022	After the treatment of NGR1, the elevated levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta induced by isoflurane were all decreased significantly in the hippocampal tissues of rats.	Isoflurane	93-103	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	58-67
34515180-10	2022	After the treatment of NGR1, the elevated levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta induced by isoflurane were all decreased significantly in the hippocampal tissues of rats.	Isoflurane	93-103	interleukin 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	73-81
34515180-12	2022	CONCLUSION: NGR1 protects against isoflurane-induced neurological impairment.	Isoflurane	34-44	reticulon 4 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	12-16
34883483-0	2021	The Protective Effect of Picroside II on Isoflurane-Induced Neuronal Injury in Rats via Downregulating miR-195.	Isoflurane	41-51	microRNA 195	Rattus norvegicus	103-110
34883483-3	2021	We aimed to explore the protective effects of picroside II and the role of microRNA-195 (miR-195) on isoflurane-induced neuronal injury in rats.	Isoflurane	101-111	microRNA 195	Rattus norvegicus	75-87
34883483-3	2021	We aimed to explore the protective effects of picroside II and the role of microRNA-195 (miR-195) on isoflurane-induced neuronal injury in rats.	Isoflurane	101-111	microRNA 195	Rattus norvegicus	89-96
34851228-7	2021	Metformin could restore the isoflurane- and STZ-induced hippocampal tissue damage, cognitive and memory impairment in exposed space via improving the oxidative stress, upregulating the contents of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in the hippocampus tissues of diabetic mice.	Isoflurane	28-38	glucagon	Mus musculus	197-220
34851228-7	2021	Metformin could restore the isoflurane- and STZ-induced hippocampal tissue damage, cognitive and memory impairment in exposed space via improving the oxidative stress, upregulating the contents of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in the hippocampus tissues of diabetic mice.	Isoflurane	28-38	glucagon	Mus musculus	222-227
34851228-7	2021	Metformin could restore the isoflurane- and STZ-induced hippocampal tissue damage, cognitive and memory impairment in exposed space via improving the oxidative stress, upregulating the contents of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in the hippocampus tissues of diabetic mice.	Isoflurane	28-38	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Mus musculus	233-277
34851228-7	2021	Metformin could restore the isoflurane- and STZ-induced hippocampal tissue damage, cognitive and memory impairment in exposed space via improving the oxidative stress, upregulating the contents of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in the hippocampus tissues of diabetic mice.	Isoflurane	28-38	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Mus musculus	279-282
34857359-6	2022	Compounds that alleviated both aspects of neurotoxicity were then blindly tested for the ability to inhibit induction of caspase-3 by isoflurane in P7 mice.	Isoflurane	134-144	caspase 3	Mus musculus	121-130
34979260-6	2022	We built the PND models with 18-month C57BL/6 male mice by exploratory laparotomy under isoflurane inhalation anesthesia, and treated by tNIR light with wavelength 810 nm for 2 weeks.	Isoflurane	88-98	natriuretic peptide type A	Mus musculus	13-16
34856557-0	2022	Effects of Long Noncoding RNA H19 on Isoflurane-Induced Cognitive Dysregulation by Promoting Neuroinflammation.	Isoflurane	37-47	H19, imprinted maternally expressed transcript	Mus musculus	30-33
34856557-8	2022	RESULTS: 1.5% and 2% ISO led to the neurotoxicity of HT22 cells and increased expression of H19.	Isoflurane	21-24	H19, imprinted maternally expressed transcript	Mus musculus	92-95
34895041-0	2021	Maprotiline ameliorates isoflurane-induced microglial activation via regulating triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cells 2 (TREM2).	Isoflurane	24-34	triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2	Mus musculus	80-128
34895041-0	2021	Maprotiline ameliorates isoflurane-induced microglial activation via regulating triggering receptor expressed in myeloid cells 2 (TREM2).	Isoflurane	24-34	triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2	Mus musculus	130-135
34895041-7	2021	Isoflurane-induced expression and production of inflammatory markers including tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-1beta, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were decreased in maprotiline-treated cells.	Isoflurane	0-10	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	79-100
34895041-7	2021	Isoflurane-induced expression and production of inflammatory markers including tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-1beta, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were decreased in maprotiline-treated cells.	Isoflurane	0-10	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	102-111
34895041-7	2021	Isoflurane-induced expression and production of inflammatory markers including tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-1beta, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were decreased in maprotiline-treated cells.	Isoflurane	0-10	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	114-136
34895041-7	2021	Isoflurane-induced expression and production of inflammatory markers including tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-1beta, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were decreased in maprotiline-treated cells.	Isoflurane	0-10	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	138-154
34895041-7	2021	Isoflurane-induced expression and production of inflammatory markers including tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-1beta, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were decreased in maprotiline-treated cells.	Isoflurane	0-10	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	156-161
34895041-10	2021	In addition, the knockdown of TREM2 abolished the beneficial effects of maprotiline against isoflurane.	Isoflurane	92-102	triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2	Mus musculus	30-35
34384592-4	2021	The role of voltage-gated sodium channel (Nav) subtype expression in determining isoflurane sensitivity was probed by overexpression or knockdown of specific Nav subtypes in identified interneurones.	Isoflurane	81-91	sodium channel, voltage-gated, type X, alpha	Mus musculus	12-40
34584552-0	2021	Overexpression of miR-133b protects against isoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment.	Isoflurane	44-54	microRNA 133b	Rattus norvegicus	18-26
34584552-2	2021	The aim of the present study was to investigated the role and potential mechanism of miR-133b in isoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment.	Isoflurane	97-107	microRNA 133b	Rattus norvegicus	85-93
34584552-7	2021	The MWM test results indicated that during the training period, the time required to locate the platform was significantly increased for rats exposed to isoflurane, and this increased time was reduced by the overexpression of miR-133b.	Isoflurane	153-163	microRNA 133b	Rattus norvegicus	226-234
34584552-8	2021	The results of a probe trial indicated that isoflurane exposure increased escape latency and decreased the time spent in the platform area for isoflurane-treated rats; however, these effects were reversed by the injection of miR-133b agomir.	Isoflurane	44-54	microRNA 133b	Rattus norvegicus	225-233
34584552-9	2021	The in vitro experiments demonstrated that the overexpression of miR-133b attenuated the reduction of neuronal cell viability induced by isoflurane, and inhibited the isoflurane-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons.	Isoflurane	137-147	microRNA 133b	Rattus norvegicus	65-73
34584552-9	2021	The in vitro experiments demonstrated that the overexpression of miR-133b attenuated the reduction of neuronal cell viability induced by isoflurane, and inhibited the isoflurane-induced apoptosis of hippocampal neurons.	Isoflurane	167-177	microRNA 133b	Rattus norvegicus	65-73
34584552-10	2021	In conclusion, the present study revealed that the overexpression of miR-133b attenuated isoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment in rats.	Isoflurane	89-99	microRNA 133b	Rattus norvegicus	69-77
34584552-11	2021	Furthermore, miR-133b overexpression promoted the viability of hippocampal neurons and their resistance to apoptosis when exposed to isoflurane.	Isoflurane	133-143	microRNA 133b	Rattus norvegicus	13-21
34536986-0	2021	Isoflurane induces Art2-Rsp5-dependent endocytosis of Bap2 in yeast.	Isoflurane	0-10	Ecm21p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	19-23
34536986-0	2021	Isoflurane induces Art2-Rsp5-dependent endocytosis of Bap2 in yeast.	Isoflurane	0-10	NEDD4 family E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	24-28
34536986-0	2021	Isoflurane induces Art2-Rsp5-dependent endocytosis of Bap2 in yeast.	Isoflurane	0-10	branched-chain amino acid permease BAP2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	54-58
34536986-3	2021	Bap2, an amino acid transporter localized on the plasma membrane, was endocytosed when yeast cells were treated with isoflurane.	Isoflurane	117-127	branched-chain amino acid permease BAP2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-4
34536986-4	2021	Depletion of RSP5, an E3 ligase, prevented this endocytosis and Bap2 was ubiquitinated in response to isoflurane, indicating a ubiquitin-dependent process.	Isoflurane	102-112	branched-chain amino acid permease BAP2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	64-68
34536986-4	2021	Depletion of RSP5, an E3 ligase, prevented this endocytosis and Bap2 was ubiquitinated in response to isoflurane, indicating a ubiquitin-dependent process.	Isoflurane	102-112	ubiquitin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	127-136
34536986-6	2021	These results suggest that isoflurane affects Bap2 via an Art2-Rsp5-dependent ubiquitination system.	Isoflurane	27-37	branched-chain amino acid permease BAP2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	46-50
34536986-6	2021	These results suggest that isoflurane affects Bap2 via an Art2-Rsp5-dependent ubiquitination system.	Isoflurane	27-37	Ecm21p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	58-62
34536986-6	2021	These results suggest that isoflurane affects Bap2 via an Art2-Rsp5-dependent ubiquitination system.	Isoflurane	27-37	NEDD4 family E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	63-67
34181233-0	2021	Isoflurane Alleviates Myocardial Injury Induced by Hypoxia/Reoxygenation by Regulating miR-18a-5p.	Isoflurane	0-10	microRNA 18a	Homo sapiens	87-94
34181233-10	2021	Transfection of miR-18a-5p under ISO reduced the protective effect of 1% ISO against myocardial cell damage.	Isoflurane	33-36	microRNA 18a	Homo sapiens	16-23
34181233-10	2021	Transfection of miR-18a-5p under ISO reduced the protective effect of 1% ISO against myocardial cell damage.	Isoflurane	73-76	microRNA 18a	Homo sapiens	16-23
34181233-12	2021	In the in vitro cell model of myocardium, ISO alleviated cardiomyocyte injury caused by hypoxia/reoxygenation by down-regulating the expression of miR-18a-5p.	Isoflurane	42-45	microRNA 18a	Homo sapiens	147-154
34256097-0	2021	MicroRNA-21 mediates the protective role of emulsified isoflurane against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice by targeting SPP1.	Isoflurane	55-65	microRNA 21a	Mus musculus	0-11
34256097-0	2021	MicroRNA-21 mediates the protective role of emulsified isoflurane against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice by targeting SPP1.	Isoflurane	55-65	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Mus musculus	134-138
34256097-2	2021	This research explored the role of emulsified isoflurane (EI) in myocardial I/R injury through the interaction with microRNA-21 (miR-21).	Isoflurane	46-56	microRNA 21a	Mus musculus	116-127
34256097-2	2021	This research explored the role of emulsified isoflurane (EI) in myocardial I/R injury through the interaction with microRNA-21 (miR-21).	Isoflurane	46-56	microRNA 21a	Mus musculus	129-135
34384592-6	2021	The relative expression of Nav1.1 (associated with lower sensitivity) and Nav1.6 (associated with higher sensitivity) determined the sensitivity of exocytosis to isoflurane.	Isoflurane	162-172	sodium channel, voltage-gated, type I, alpha	Mus musculus	27-33
34384592-6	2021	The relative expression of Nav1.1 (associated with lower sensitivity) and Nav1.6 (associated with higher sensitivity) determined the sensitivity of exocytosis to isoflurane.	Isoflurane	162-172	sodium channel, voltage-gated, type VIII, alpha	Mus musculus	74-80
34384592-7	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane inhibits synaptic vesicle exocytosis from hippocampal glutamatergic neurones and GABAergic interneurones in a cell-type-specific manner depending on their expression of voltage-gated sodium channel subtypes.	Isoflurane	13-23	sodium channel, voltage-gated, type X, alpha	Mus musculus	193-221
34553399-0	2022	Fraxetin suppresses reactive oxygen species-dependent autophagy by the PI3K/Akt pathway to inhibit isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in hippocampal neuronal cells.	Isoflurane	99-109	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	76-79
34332342-7	2021	Additionally, isoflurane pretreatment inhibited caspase-11 expression and noncanonical pyroptosis-related production of cytokines (IL-1beta and IL-18).	Isoflurane	14-24	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	131-139
34332342-7	2021	Additionally, isoflurane pretreatment inhibited caspase-11 expression and noncanonical pyroptosis-related production of cytokines (IL-1beta and IL-18).	Isoflurane	14-24	interleukin 18	Mus musculus	144-149
34332342-8	2021	Interestingly, isoflurane preconditioning reduced intracellular Ca2+ levels, NF-kappaB translocation, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in LPS-induced macrophages.	Isoflurane	15-25	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	77-86
34332342-8	2021	Interestingly, isoflurane preconditioning reduced intracellular Ca2+ levels, NF-kappaB translocation, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation in LPS-induced macrophages.	Isoflurane	15-25	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	106-111
34332026-5	2021	We also examined the change of c-Fos expression induced by isoflurane exposure in cerebellum granule cells of both mutant and WT rats.	Isoflurane	59-69	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	31-36
34553399-8	2022	Fraxetin suppressed isoflurane-induced PI3K/Akt inactivation in HT22 cells.	Isoflurane	20-30	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	44-47
34553399-10	2022	In conclusion, fraxetin suppressed ROS-dependent autophagy by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway to inhibit isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in hippocampal neuronal cells.	Isoflurane	105-115	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	82-85
34332026-7	2021	Moreover, isoflurane exposure induced a greater reduction in c-Fos expression in cerebellum granule cells of Gabra6100Q rats than WT rats.	Isoflurane	10-20	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	61-66
34458282-0	2021	Isoflurane Suppresses Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion and Facilitates Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells Through Targeting miR-216.	Isoflurane	0-10	microRNA 216a	Homo sapiens	132-139
34530841-12	2021	RESULTS: Surgery under inhaled isoflurane anesthesia induced cognitive impairments and elevated the expression of MD2 in the hippocampus.	Isoflurane	31-41	lymphocyte antigen 96	Mus musculus	114-117
34162222-8	2021	Results: Like MH/EHS patients, Casq1-KO and Casq1-CKO mice had faster basal heart rate, and ventricular tachycardia upon exposure to 2% isoflurane, which could be relieved by dantrolene.	Isoflurane	136-146	calsequestrin 1	Homo sapiens	31-36
34162222-8	2021	Results: Like MH/EHS patients, Casq1-KO and Casq1-CKO mice had faster basal heart rate, and ventricular tachycardia upon exposure to 2% isoflurane, which could be relieved by dantrolene.	Isoflurane	136-146	calsequestrin 1	Homo sapiens	44-49
34162222-10	2021	Accordingly, the ventricular cardiomyocytes from Casq1-CKO mice displayed dantrolene-sensitive increased Ca2+ waves and diastole premature Ca2+ transients/oscillations upon isoflurane.	Isoflurane	173-183	calsequestrin 1	Mus musculus	49-54
34162222-14	2021	Mechanistically, exposure to 2% isoflurane or heating at 41oC induced Casq1 oligomerization in mouse ventricular and skeletal muscle tissues, leading to a reduced Casq1/RyR2 interaction and increased RyR2 activity in the ventricle.	Isoflurane	32-42	calsequestrin 1	Mus musculus	70-75
34162222-14	2021	Mechanistically, exposure to 2% isoflurane or heating at 41oC induced Casq1 oligomerization in mouse ventricular and skeletal muscle tissues, leading to a reduced Casq1/RyR2 interaction and increased RyR2 activity in the ventricle.	Isoflurane	32-42	calsequestrin 1	Mus musculus	163-168
34162222-14	2021	Mechanistically, exposure to 2% isoflurane or heating at 41oC induced Casq1 oligomerization in mouse ventricular and skeletal muscle tissues, leading to a reduced Casq1/RyR2 interaction and increased RyR2 activity in the ventricle.	Isoflurane	32-42	ryanodine receptor 2, cardiac	Mus musculus	169-173
34162222-14	2021	Mechanistically, exposure to 2% isoflurane or heating at 41oC induced Casq1 oligomerization in mouse ventricular and skeletal muscle tissues, leading to a reduced Casq1/RyR2 interaction and increased RyR2 activity in the ventricle.	Isoflurane	32-42	ryanodine receptor 2, cardiac	Mus musculus	200-204
34101131-0	2021	Histone Deacetylase 2-Mediated Epigenetic Regulation is Involved in the Early Isoflurane Exposure-Related Increase in Susceptibility to Anxiety-Like Behaviour Evoked by Chronic Variable Stress in Mice.	Isoflurane	78-88	histone deacetylase 2	Mus musculus	0-21
34101131-8	2021	Increased HDAC2 expression in the amygdala was associated with an increase in the CVS-induced repression of acetyl-H3K9 and BDNF expression and an enhanced CVS-evoked anxiety-like behavioural phenotype in mice neonatal isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	219-229	histone deacetylase 2	Mus musculus	10-15
34403389-1	2021	BACKGROUND: Orexin, a neuropeptide derived from the perifornical area of the hypothalamus (PeFLH), promotes the recovery of propofol, isoflurane, and sevoflurane anesthesias, without influencing the induction time.	Isoflurane	134-144	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	12-18
34470604-2	2021	The current study was designed to determine the effects of sevoflurane (SEVO) and isoflurane (ISO) on phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and Rho kinase (ROCK) mediated KCl-induced vasoconstriction in aged type 2 diabetic rats.	Isoflurane	82-92	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit gamma	Rattus norvegicus	102-127
34470604-2	2021	The current study was designed to determine the effects of sevoflurane (SEVO) and isoflurane (ISO) on phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and Rho kinase (ROCK) mediated KCl-induced vasoconstriction in aged type 2 diabetic rats.	Isoflurane	94-97	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit gamma	Rattus norvegicus	102-127
34216683-8	2021	In addition, BCA treatment reversed isoflurane-induced SOD and CAT activity reduction, GSH level decline and MDA level increase.	Isoflurane	36-46	catalase	Homo sapiens	63-66
34216683-10	2021	The increase in nuclear Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 expression induced by isoflurane was amplified by treatment with BCA.	Isoflurane	66-76	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	24-28
34216683-10	2021	The increase in nuclear Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 expression induced by isoflurane was amplified by treatment with BCA.	Isoflurane	66-76	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	30-34
34216683-10	2021	The increase in nuclear Nrf2, HO-1 and NQO1 expression induced by isoflurane was amplified by treatment with BCA.	Isoflurane	66-76	NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	39-43
34216683-11	2021	These inhibitory effects of BCA on isoflurane-induced oxidative stress, viability reduction and cell apoptosis were attenuated in Nrf2 knockdown SH-SY5Y cells.	Isoflurane	35-45	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	130-134
34458282-8	2021	MiR-216 expression was detected in isoflurane-induced SW620 and HCT116 cells by RT-qPCR.	Isoflurane	35-45	microRNA 216a	Homo sapiens	0-7
34458282-13	2021	MiR-216 mimic ameliorated the reduction in proliferation, migration, and invasion and the increase in apoptosis for 40 muM isoflurane-induced SW620 and HCT116 cells.	Isoflurane	123-133	microRNA 216a	Homo sapiens	0-7
34458282-15	2021	Furthermore, miR-216 is an underlying target of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	48-58	microRNA 216a	Homo sapiens	13-20
34257294-4	2021	Cpd1 reduces resting intracellular Ca2+, inhibits halothane- and isoflurane-induced Ca2+ release, suppresses caffeine-induced contracture in skeletal muscle, reduces sarcolemmal cation influx, and prevents or reverses the fulminant MH crisis induced by isoflurane anesthesia and rescues animals from heat stroke caused by environmental heat stress.	Isoflurane	65-75	acidic (leucine-rich) nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family, member E	Mus musculus	0-4
34308776-0	2021	Isoflurane upregulates microRNA-9-3p to protect rats from hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury through inhibiting fibronectin type III domain containing 3B.	Isoflurane	0-10	microRNA 93	Rattus norvegicus	23-36
34308776-0	2021	Isoflurane upregulates microRNA-9-3p to protect rats from hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury through inhibiting fibronectin type III domain containing 3B.	Isoflurane	0-10	fibronectin type III domain containing 3B	Rattus norvegicus	113-154
34308776-1	2021	Isoflurane has been studied in ischemia-reperfusion injury, while the regulatory mechanism by which isoflurane regulates microRNA(miR)-9-3p in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (HIRI) via targeting fibronectin type III domain containing 3B (FNDC3B) remains seldom investigated.	Isoflurane	100-110	microRNA 93	Rattus norvegicus	121-139
34257720-0	2021	Cannabinoid receptor 2 deficiency enhances isoflurane-induced spatial cognitive impairment in adult mice by affecting neuroinflammation, neurogenesis and neuroplasticity.	Isoflurane	43-53	cannabinoid receptor 2 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	0-22
34308776-1	2021	Isoflurane has been studied in ischemia-reperfusion injury, while the regulatory mechanism by which isoflurane regulates microRNA(miR)-9-3p in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (HIRI) via targeting fibronectin type III domain containing 3B (FNDC3B) remains seldom investigated.	Isoflurane	100-110	fibronectin type III domain containing 3B	Rattus norvegicus	200-241
34308776-1	2021	Isoflurane has been studied in ischemia-reperfusion injury, while the regulatory mechanism by which isoflurane regulates microRNA(miR)-9-3p in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury (HIRI) via targeting fibronectin type III domain containing 3B (FNDC3B) remains seldom investigated.	Isoflurane	100-110	fibronectin type III domain containing 3B	Rattus norvegicus	243-249
34308776-2	2021	This study aims to determine the role of miR-9-3p in HIRI progression under the treatment of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	93-103	microRNA 93	Rattus norvegicus	41-49
34308776-7	2021	Isoflurane treatment upregulated miR-9-3p and attenuated pathological changes, inflammation, oxidative stress, transaminases, and hepatocyte apoptosis in HIRI rat liver tissues.	Isoflurane	0-10	microRNA 93	Rattus norvegicus	33-41
34308776-8	2021	MiR-9-3p upregulation further strengthened the effect of isoflurane on HIRI, while miR-9-3p downregulation suppressed the therapeutic role of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	57-67	microRNA 93	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
34308776-8	2021	MiR-9-3p upregulation further strengthened the effect of isoflurane on HIRI, while miR-9-3p downregulation suppressed the therapeutic role of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	142-152	microRNA 93	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
34308776-8	2021	MiR-9-3p upregulation further strengthened the effect of isoflurane on HIRI, while miR-9-3p downregulation suppressed the therapeutic role of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	142-152	microRNA 93	Rattus norvegicus	83-91
34308776-10	2021	Isoflurane upregulates miR-9-3p to protect rats from HIRI by inhibiting FNDC3VB.	Isoflurane	0-10	microRNA 93	Rattus norvegicus	23-31
34262087-7	2021	The isoflurane-induced impairment of oogenesis was associated with abl-1, ced-3, but not cep-1.	Isoflurane	4-14	Tyrosine-protein kinase;Tyrosine-protein kinase abl-1;uncharacterized protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	67-72
34262087-7	2021	The isoflurane-induced impairment of oogenesis was associated with abl-1, ced-3, but not cep-1.	Isoflurane	4-14	Cell death protein 3 subunit p17	Caenorhabditis elegans	74-79
34262087-10	2021	These findings suggest that isoflurane may impair oogenesis through abl-1- and ced-3-associated, but not cep-1-associated, germ cell apoptosis and oxidative stress, pending further investigation.	Isoflurane	28-38	Tyrosine-protein kinase;Tyrosine-protein kinase abl-1;uncharacterized protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	68-73
34262087-10	2021	These findings suggest that isoflurane may impair oogenesis through abl-1- and ced-3-associated, but not cep-1-associated, germ cell apoptosis and oxidative stress, pending further investigation.	Isoflurane	28-38	Cell death protein 3 subunit p17	Caenorhabditis elegans	79-84
34257294-4	2021	Cpd1 reduces resting intracellular Ca2+, inhibits halothane- and isoflurane-induced Ca2+ release, suppresses caffeine-induced contracture in skeletal muscle, reduces sarcolemmal cation influx, and prevents or reverses the fulminant MH crisis induced by isoflurane anesthesia and rescues animals from heat stroke caused by environmental heat stress.	Isoflurane	253-263	acidic (leucine-rich) nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family, member E	Mus musculus	0-4
34392240-0	2021	miR-124-3p Ameliorates Isoflurane-Induced Learning and Memory Impairment via Targeting STAT3 and Inhibiting Neuroinflammation.	Isoflurane	23-33	microRNA 124-3	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
34305534-0	2021	NLRP3 Inflammasome: A Potential Target in Isoflurane Pretreatment Alleviates Stroke-Induced Retinal Injury in Diabetes.	Isoflurane	42-52	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	0-5
34305534-7	2021	Isoflurane has been demonstrated to inhibit the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and show neuroprotective effects.	Isoflurane	0-10	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	66-71
34305534-11	2021	Of note, isoflurane pretreatment inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the retina, indicating that isoflurane pretreatment may provide substantial retinal protection in stroke-induced retinal injury in diabetes.	Isoflurane	9-19	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	47-52
34305534-11	2021	Of note, isoflurane pretreatment inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the retina, indicating that isoflurane pretreatment may provide substantial retinal protection in stroke-induced retinal injury in diabetes.	Isoflurane	108-118	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	47-52
34168482-0	2021	Genistein Attenuates Isoflurane-Induced Neuroinflammation by Inhibiting TLR4-Mediated Microglial-Polarization in vivo and in vitro.	Isoflurane	21-31	toll-like receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	72-76
34168482-10	2021	In addition, genistein reduced isoflurane-induced protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6, p-TAK1, p-p38, p-ERK, p-IkappaBalpha and p-NF-kappaB in rat hippocampus.	Isoflurane	31-41	toll-like receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	79-83
34168482-10	2021	In addition, genistein reduced isoflurane-induced protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6, p-TAK1, p-p38, p-ERK, p-IkappaBalpha and p-NF-kappaB in rat hippocampus.	Isoflurane	31-41	MYD88, innate immune signal transduction adaptor	Rattus norvegicus	85-90
34168482-10	2021	In addition, genistein reduced isoflurane-induced protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6, p-TAK1, p-p38, p-ERK, p-IkappaBalpha and p-NF-kappaB in rat hippocampus.	Isoflurane	31-41	TNF receptor associated factor 6	Rattus norvegicus	92-97
34168482-10	2021	In addition, genistein reduced isoflurane-induced protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6, p-TAK1, p-p38, p-ERK, p-IkappaBalpha and p-NF-kappaB in rat hippocampus.	Isoflurane	31-41	mitogen activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7	Rattus norvegicus	101-105
34168482-10	2021	In addition, genistein reduced isoflurane-induced protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6, p-TAK1, p-p38, p-ERK, p-IkappaBalpha and p-NF-kappaB in rat hippocampus.	Isoflurane	31-41	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	109-112
34168482-10	2021	In addition, genistein reduced isoflurane-induced protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6, p-TAK1, p-p38, p-ERK, p-IkappaBalpha and p-NF-kappaB in rat hippocampus.	Isoflurane	31-41	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	116-119
34168482-10	2021	In addition, genistein reduced isoflurane-induced protein expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, TRAF6, p-TAK1, p-p38, p-ERK, p-IkappaBalpha and p-NF-kappaB in rat hippocampus.	Isoflurane	31-41	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	123-135
34168482-11	2021	In BV2 cells exposed to isoflurane, genistein treatment decreased IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA expressions, promoted M2 and suppressed M1 microglia polarization.	Isoflurane	24-34	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	66-74
34168482-11	2021	In BV2 cells exposed to isoflurane, genistein treatment decreased IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA expressions, promoted M2 and suppressed M1 microglia polarization.	Isoflurane	24-34	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	76-85
34168482-11	2021	In BV2 cells exposed to isoflurane, genistein treatment decreased IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA expressions, promoted M2 and suppressed M1 microglia polarization.	Isoflurane	24-34	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	87-91
34168482-11	2021	In BV2 cells exposed to isoflurane, genistein treatment decreased IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA expressions, promoted M2 and suppressed M1 microglia polarization.	Isoflurane	24-34	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 15	Mus musculus	96-100
34690137-6	2021	However, long-term exposure to sevoflurane or isoflurane significantly increased the Abeta deposition in CA1 and CA3 regions of hippocampus, as well as the glial cell activation in amygdala.	Isoflurane	46-56	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	85-90
34690137-7	2021	Besides, the PSD-95 expression was decreased in 5xFAD mice with exposure to sevoflurane or isoflurane and the caspase-3 activation was enhanced in isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane groups.	Isoflurane	91-101	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4	Mus musculus	13-19
34690137-7	2021	Besides, the PSD-95 expression was decreased in 5xFAD mice with exposure to sevoflurane or isoflurane and the caspase-3 activation was enhanced in isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane groups.	Isoflurane	147-157	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4	Mus musculus	13-19
34690137-7	2021	Besides, the PSD-95 expression was decreased in 5xFAD mice with exposure to sevoflurane or isoflurane and the caspase-3 activation was enhanced in isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane groups.	Isoflurane	147-157	caspase 3	Mus musculus	110-119
34168482-14	2021	Conclusion: Genistein attenuates isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting TLR4-mediated microglial inflammation in vivo and in vitro.	Isoflurane	33-43	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	80-84
34127616-11	2021	CONCLUSIONS: The expression of chloride cotransporters, NKCC1 and KCC2, is altered by testosterone in female rats and corresponds to a cognitive deficit after isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	159-169	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	56-61
34127616-11	2021	CONCLUSIONS: The expression of chloride cotransporters, NKCC1 and KCC2, is altered by testosterone in female rats and corresponds to a cognitive deficit after isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	159-169	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	66-70
33909880-9	2021	Isoflurane (0.6%; 0.25 mM; Ndufs4(KO) EC95) increased the holding current in knockout (DeltaHolding current, 126 pA (95% CI, 99 to 152 pA); DeltaHolding current P < 0.001; n = 21) but not wild-type (DeltaHolding current, 2 7 pA (95% CI, 9 to 47 pA); DeltaHolding current, P = 0.030; n = 25) spinal cord slices.	Isoflurane	0-10	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S4	Mus musculus	27-33
33909880-15	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane increased an outwardly rectifying potassium current in ventral horn neurons of the Ndufs4(KO) mouse at a concentration much lower than in controls.	Isoflurane	13-23	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S4	Mus musculus	107-113
34220315-7	2021	Results: Isoflurane upregulated the expression of ire-1 and pek-1 whereas the expression of atf-6 was unaffected.	Isoflurane	9-19	Endoribonuclease;Serine/threonine-protein kinase	Caenorhabditis elegans	50-55
34220315-7	2021	Results: Isoflurane upregulated the expression of ire-1 and pek-1 whereas the expression of atf-6 was unaffected.	Isoflurane	9-19	Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase pek-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	60-65
34220315-8	2021	The expression of both sel-1 and sel-11 was decreased by isoflurane exposure, possibly indicating the inhibition of retro-translocation.	Isoflurane	57-67	Suppressor/Enhancer of Lin-12	Caenorhabditis elegans	23-28
34220315-8	2021	The expression of both sel-1 and sel-11 was decreased by isoflurane exposure, possibly indicating the inhibition of retro-translocation.	Isoflurane	57-67	E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase hrd-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	33-39
34220315-9	2021	The expression of cdc-48.1 and cdc-48.2 was decreased and higher ubiquitinated protein levels were observed in the isoflurane group than in the control, suggesting that deubiquitination and degradation of misfolded proteins were interrupted.	Isoflurane	115-125	Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase homolog 1	Caenorhabditis elegans	18-26
34220315-9	2021	The expression of cdc-48.1 and cdc-48.2 was decreased and higher ubiquitinated protein levels were observed in the isoflurane group than in the control, suggesting that deubiquitination and degradation of misfolded proteins were interrupted.	Isoflurane	115-125	Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase homolog 2	Caenorhabditis elegans	31-39
34220315-10	2021	The chemotaxis indices of ire-1, pek-1, sel-1, and sel-11 mutants decreased significantly compared to N2, and they were not suppressed further even after the repeated isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	167-177	Endoribonuclease;Serine/threonine-protein kinase	Caenorhabditis elegans	26-31
34220315-10	2021	The chemotaxis indices of ire-1, pek-1, sel-1, and sel-11 mutants decreased significantly compared to N2, and they were not suppressed further even after the repeated isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	167-177	Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2-alpha kinase pek-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	33-38
34220315-10	2021	The chemotaxis indices of ire-1, pek-1, sel-1, and sel-11 mutants decreased significantly compared to N2, and they were not suppressed further even after the repeated isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	167-177	Suppressor/Enhancer of Lin-12	Caenorhabditis elegans	40-45
34220315-10	2021	The chemotaxis indices of ire-1, pek-1, sel-1, and sel-11 mutants decreased significantly compared to N2, and they were not suppressed further even after the repeated isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	167-177	E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase hrd-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	51-57
34557651-0	2021	Magnetic resonance imaging under isoflurane anesthesia alters cortical cyclooxygenase-2 expression and glial cell morphology during sepsis-associated neurological dysfunction in rats.	Isoflurane	33-43	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	71-87
34557651-5	2021	MRI under isoflurane anesthesia reduced blood-brain barrier breakdown, decreased circularity of white matter astrocytes, and increased neuronal cyclooxygenase-2 immunoreactivity in the cortex 24 hours after laparotomy.	Isoflurane	10-20	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	144-160
34392240-0	2021	miR-124-3p Ameliorates Isoflurane-Induced Learning and Memory Impairment via Targeting STAT3 and Inhibiting Neuroinflammation.	Isoflurane	23-33	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	87-92
34392240-2	2021	This study was designed to investigate the potential role of microRNA-124-3p (miR-124-3p) in isoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment in rats.	Isoflurane	93-103	microRNA 124-3	Rattus norvegicus	61-76
34392240-2	2021	This study was designed to investigate the potential role of microRNA-124-3p (miR-124-3p) in isoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment in rats.	Isoflurane	93-103	microRNA 124-3	Rattus norvegicus	78-88
34392240-10	2021	DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Combining the results of the current study demonstrates that miR-124-3p may have pivotal roles in improving isoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment via targeting STAT3 and inhibiting neuroinflammation.	Isoflurane	131-141	microRNA 124-3	Rattus norvegicus	84-94
34392240-10	2021	DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Combining the results of the current study demonstrates that miR-124-3p may have pivotal roles in improving isoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment via targeting STAT3 and inhibiting neuroinflammation.	Isoflurane	131-141	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	195-200
35504002-2	2022	The aim of this study is to investigate the underlying mechanisms in response to early isoflurane exposure on synaptic PSD-95 PDZ2 domain disruption that altered spine densities and cognitive function.	Isoflurane	87-97	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4	Mus musculus	119-125
35164634-1	2022	This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of long non-coding RNA maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) in cognitive dysfunction induced by isoflurane (ISO).	Isoflurane	161-164	similar to GTL2, imprinted maternally expressed untranslated	Rattus norvegicus	78-105
35164634-1	2022	This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of long non-coding RNA maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) in cognitive dysfunction induced by isoflurane (ISO).	Isoflurane	161-164	similar to GTL2, imprinted maternally expressed untranslated	Rattus norvegicus	107-111
35164634-8	2022	MEG3 was increased in hippocampal tissues and HT22 after ISO treatment (P < 0.05).	Isoflurane	57-60	similar to GTL2, imprinted maternally expressed untranslated	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
35164634-9	2022	MEG3 downregulation alleviated the increase in neurological severity score and cognitive dysfunction caused by ISO treatment (P < 0.05).	Isoflurane	111-114	similar to GTL2, imprinted maternally expressed untranslated	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
35164634-10	2022	In vitro, MEG3 downregulation alleviates the decrease in cell activity and increased apoptosis induced by ISO.	Isoflurane	106-109	similar to GTL2, imprinted maternally expressed untranslated	Rattus norvegicus	10-14
35164634-11	2022	What"s more, MEG3 reduction eliminated activation of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress promoted by ISO treatment in rats and HT22 (P < 0.05).	Isoflurane	104-107	similar to GTL2, imprinted maternally expressed untranslated	Rattus norvegicus	13-17
35164634-13	2022	Inhibition of miR-7-5p eliminated the alleviating effects of MEG3 downregulation on cognitive dysfunction caused by ISO treatment.	Isoflurane	116-119	similar to GTL2, imprinted maternally expressed untranslated	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
35164634-14	2022	Decreased MEG3 alleviates cognitive dysfunction caused by ISO by targeting miR-7-5p and play a neuroprotective effect.	Isoflurane	58-61	similar to GTL2, imprinted maternally expressed untranslated	Rattus norvegicus	10-14
35164969-4	2022	RESULTS: Isoflurane and sevoflurane depressed activity-driven presynaptic Ca2+ transients in a neurone-type-specific manner, with greater potency for inhibition of glutamate and SST+ compared with PV+ and VIP+ neurone presynaptic activation.	Isoflurane	9-19	somatostatin	Mus musculus	178-181
35164969-4	2022	RESULTS: Isoflurane and sevoflurane depressed activity-driven presynaptic Ca2+ transients in a neurone-type-specific manner, with greater potency for inhibition of glutamate and SST+ compared with PV+ and VIP+ neurone presynaptic activation.	Isoflurane	9-19	vasoactive intestinal polypeptide	Mus musculus	205-208
35471722-0	2022	Isoflurane and Sevoflurane Induce Cognitive Impairment in Neonatal Rats by Inhibiting Neural Stem Cell Development Through Microglial Activation, Neuroinflammation, and Suppression of VEGFR2 Signaling Pathway.	Isoflurane	0-10	kinase insert domain receptor	Rattus norvegicus	184-190
35471722-8	2022	Isoflurane and sevoflurane decreased the levels of Nestin, Sox2, and p-VEGFR2, activated microglia, decreased the number of NSCs and reduced neurogenesis and the proliferation of NSCs, and increased the levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and CD11b.	Isoflurane	0-10	nestin	Rattus norvegicus	51-57
35471722-8	2022	Isoflurane and sevoflurane decreased the levels of Nestin, Sox2, and p-VEGFR2, activated microglia, decreased the number of NSCs and reduced neurogenesis and the proliferation of NSCs, and increased the levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and CD11b.	Isoflurane	0-10	SRY-box transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	59-63
35471722-8	2022	Isoflurane and sevoflurane decreased the levels of Nestin, Sox2, and p-VEGFR2, activated microglia, decreased the number of NSCs and reduced neurogenesis and the proliferation of NSCs, and increased the levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and CD11b.	Isoflurane	0-10	kinase insert domain receptor	Rattus norvegicus	71-77
35471722-8	2022	Isoflurane and sevoflurane decreased the levels of Nestin, Sox2, and p-VEGFR2, activated microglia, decreased the number of NSCs and reduced neurogenesis and the proliferation of NSCs, and increased the levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and CD11b.	Isoflurane	0-10	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	213-217
35471722-8	2022	Isoflurane and sevoflurane decreased the levels of Nestin, Sox2, and p-VEGFR2, activated microglia, decreased the number of NSCs and reduced neurogenesis and the proliferation of NSCs, and increased the levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and CD11b.	Isoflurane	0-10	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	219-228
35471722-8	2022	Isoflurane and sevoflurane decreased the levels of Nestin, Sox2, and p-VEGFR2, activated microglia, decreased the number of NSCs and reduced neurogenesis and the proliferation of NSCs, and increased the levels of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and CD11b.	Isoflurane	0-10	integrin subunit alpha M	Rattus norvegicus	234-239
35471722-9	2022	Our results suggested that isoflurane and sevoflurane induced cognitive impairment in rats by inhibiting NSC development and neurogenesis via microglial activation, neuroinflammation, and suppression of VEGFR2 signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	27-37	kinase insert domain receptor	Rattus norvegicus	203-209
35486353-9	2022	A miR-128-3p"s interconnection with specificity protein 1 (SP1) was pinpointed, and aggrandized mRNA levels of SP1 were found under ISO state.	Isoflurane	132-135	Sp1 transcription factor	Rattus norvegicus	36-57
35394127-3	2022	OBJECTIVES: To investigate the role of TLR4-small interfering RNA (siRNA) in learning and memory impairment in young mice induced by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	133-143	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	39-43
35388108-3	2022	The induced expression of hsp-4::GFP by isoflurane was attenuated in the isoflurane-melatonin group.	Isoflurane	40-50	Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP homolog;Heat shock 70 kDa protein D	Caenorhabditis elegans	26-31
35388108-3	2022	The induced expression of hsp-4::GFP by isoflurane was attenuated in the isoflurane-melatonin group.	Isoflurane	73-83	Endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP homolog;Heat shock 70 kDa protein D	Caenorhabditis elegans	26-31
35388108-4	2022	Isoflurane upregulated the expression of ire-1, whereas melatonin did not induce ire-1 expression in C. elegans even after isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	0-10	Endoribonuclease;Serine/threonine-protein kinase	Caenorhabditis elegans	41-46
35388108-6	2022	The reduced expression of sel-1, sel-11, cdc-48.1, and cdc-48.2 due to isoflurane was restored by melatonin, although not up to the level of the control group.	Isoflurane	71-81	Suppressor/Enhancer of Lin-12	Caenorhabditis elegans	26-31
35388108-6	2022	The reduced expression of sel-1, sel-11, cdc-48.1, and cdc-48.2 due to isoflurane was restored by melatonin, although not up to the level of the control group.	Isoflurane	71-81	E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase hrd-1	Caenorhabditis elegans	33-39
35388108-6	2022	The reduced expression of sel-1, sel-11, cdc-48.1, and cdc-48.2 due to isoflurane was restored by melatonin, although not up to the level of the control group.	Isoflurane	71-81	Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase homolog 1	Caenorhabditis elegans	41-49
35388108-6	2022	The reduced expression of sel-1, sel-11, cdc-48.1, and cdc-48.2 due to isoflurane was restored by melatonin, although not up to the level of the control group.	Isoflurane	71-81	Transitional endoplasmic reticulum ATPase homolog 2	Caenorhabditis elegans	55-63
35164634-0	2022	Long Non-Coding RNA maternally expressed 3 (MEG3) regulates isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction by targeting miR-7-5p.	Isoflurane	60-70	similar to GTL2, imprinted maternally expressed untranslated	Rattus norvegicus	44-48
35164634-1	2022	This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of long non-coding RNA maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) in cognitive dysfunction induced by isoflurane (ISO).	Isoflurane	149-159	similar to GTL2, imprinted maternally expressed untranslated	Rattus norvegicus	78-105
35164634-1	2022	This study aimed to investigate the role and mechanism of long non-coding RNA maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) in cognitive dysfunction induced by isoflurane (ISO).	Isoflurane	149-159	similar to GTL2, imprinted maternally expressed untranslated	Rattus norvegicus	107-111
35107833-8	2022	Furthermore, HEAP-METRIC PC-MRI revealed CSF flow was reduced by isoflurane anesthesia, accompanied by reduction of glymphatic function as measured by dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI.	Isoflurane	65-75	colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)	Mus musculus	41-44
35532539-0	2022	Isoflurane Promotes Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration by Regulating BACH1 and miR-375 in Prostate Cancer Cells In Vitro.	Isoflurane	0-10	BTB domain and CNC homolog 1	Homo sapiens	78-83
35532539-0	2022	Isoflurane Promotes Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and Migration by Regulating BACH1 and miR-375 in Prostate Cancer Cells In Vitro.	Isoflurane	0-10	microRNA 375	Homo sapiens	88-95
35532539-1	2022	The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of isoflurane in proliferation, invasion, and migration in prostate cancer (PC) cells in vitro by regulating BACH1 and miR-375.	Isoflurane	58-68	BTB domain and CNC homolog 1	Homo sapiens	164-169
35532539-1	2022	The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of isoflurane in proliferation, invasion, and migration in prostate cancer (PC) cells in vitro by regulating BACH1 and miR-375.	Isoflurane	58-68	microRNA 375	Homo sapiens	174-181
35532539-9	2022	In addition, isoflurane elevated the levels of BACH1 and miR-375 in a dosage-dependent manner in PC cells.	Isoflurane	13-23	BTB domain and CNC homolog 1	Homo sapiens	47-52
35532539-9	2022	In addition, isoflurane elevated the levels of BACH1 and miR-375 in a dosage-dependent manner in PC cells.	Isoflurane	13-23	microRNA 375	Homo sapiens	57-64
35532539-10	2022	Transfection with miR-375 inhibitor or sh-BACH1 repressed PC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, while exposure to 2% isoflurane for 4 h before transfection counteracted the inhibitory effects of sh-BACH1 or miR-375 inhibitor on PC cells.	Isoflurane	127-137	microRNA 375	Homo sapiens	18-25
35532539-10	2022	Transfection with miR-375 inhibitor or sh-BACH1 repressed PC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, while exposure to 2% isoflurane for 4 h before transfection counteracted the inhibitory effects of sh-BACH1 or miR-375 inhibitor on PC cells.	Isoflurane	127-137	BTB domain and CNC homolog 1	Homo sapiens	42-47
35532539-10	2022	Transfection with miR-375 inhibitor or sh-BACH1 repressed PC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, while exposure to 2% isoflurane for 4 h before transfection counteracted the inhibitory effects of sh-BACH1 or miR-375 inhibitor on PC cells.	Isoflurane	127-137	BTB domain and CNC homolog 1	Homo sapiens	208-213
35532539-10	2022	Transfection with miR-375 inhibitor or sh-BACH1 repressed PC cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, while exposure to 2% isoflurane for 4 h before transfection counteracted the inhibitory effects of sh-BACH1 or miR-375 inhibitor on PC cells.	Isoflurane	127-137	microRNA 375	Homo sapiens	217-224
35532539-11	2022	PTEN expression was suppressed after 2% isoflurane treatment, but the transfection with miR-375 inhibitor partly abrogated this suppressive effect in PC cells.	Isoflurane	40-50	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	0-4
35532539-13	2022	miR-375 mimic could partially reverse the inhibitory effects of sh-BACH1 on the proliferation, invasion, and migration of isoflurane-treated PC cells.	Isoflurane	122-132	microRNA 375	Homo sapiens	0-7
35532539-13	2022	miR-375 mimic could partially reverse the inhibitory effects of sh-BACH1 on the proliferation, invasion, and migration of isoflurane-treated PC cells.	Isoflurane	122-132	BTB domain and CNC homolog 1	Homo sapiens	67-72
35532539-14	2022	Isoflurane facilitated PC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by activating BACH1 to upregulate miR-375.	Isoflurane	0-10	BTB domain and CNC homolog 1	Homo sapiens	84-89
35532539-14	2022	Isoflurane facilitated PC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by activating BACH1 to upregulate miR-375.	Isoflurane	0-10	microRNA 375	Homo sapiens	104-111
35180472-5	2022	We found that isoflurane attenuated one of major neutrophil chemoattractants LTB4 mediated response via its receptor BLT1 in neutrophils.	Isoflurane	14-24	leukotriene B4 receptor	Homo sapiens	117-121
35180472-6	2022	Furthermore, we have shown that isoflurane directly bound to BLT1 by a competition assay using newly developed labeled BLT1 antagonist, suggesting that isoflurane would be a BLT1 antagonist.	Isoflurane	32-42	leukotriene B4 receptor	Homo sapiens	61-65
35180472-6	2022	Furthermore, we have shown that isoflurane directly bound to BLT1 by a competition assay using newly developed labeled BLT1 antagonist, suggesting that isoflurane would be a BLT1 antagonist.	Isoflurane	32-42	leukotriene B4 receptor	Homo sapiens	119-123
35180472-6	2022	Furthermore, we have shown that isoflurane directly bound to BLT1 by a competition assay using newly developed labeled BLT1 antagonist, suggesting that isoflurane would be a BLT1 antagonist.	Isoflurane	32-42	leukotriene B4 receptor	Homo sapiens	174-178
35180472-6	2022	Furthermore, we have shown that isoflurane directly bound to BLT1 by a competition assay using newly developed labeled BLT1 antagonist, suggesting that isoflurane would be a BLT1 antagonist.	Isoflurane	152-162	leukotriene B4 receptor	Homo sapiens	61-65
35180472-6	2022	Furthermore, we have shown that isoflurane directly bound to BLT1 by a competition assay using newly developed labeled BLT1 antagonist, suggesting that isoflurane would be a BLT1 antagonist.	Isoflurane	152-162	leukotriene B4 receptor	Homo sapiens	119-123
35180472-6	2022	Furthermore, we have shown that isoflurane directly bound to BLT1 by a competition assay using newly developed labeled BLT1 antagonist, suggesting that isoflurane would be a BLT1 antagonist.	Isoflurane	152-162	leukotriene B4 receptor	Homo sapiens	174-178
35394127-10	2022	RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the number of times the mice crossed the platform, and the time spent at the circumjacent area I and II of the platform were significantly decreased in the isoflurane group; the TLR4, TNF-alpha and IL-6 expressions were significantly increased in the isoflurane group, as compared to control; the results were reversed after the TLR4 interference.	Isoflurane	198-208	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	240-244
35394127-10	2022	RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the number of times the mice crossed the platform, and the time spent at the circumjacent area I and II of the platform were significantly decreased in the isoflurane group; the TLR4, TNF-alpha and IL-6 expressions were significantly increased in the isoflurane group, as compared to control; the results were reversed after the TLR4 interference.	Isoflurane	198-208	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	371-375
35394127-10	2022	RESULTS: Compared with the control group, the number of times the mice crossed the platform, and the time spent at the circumjacent area I and II of the platform were significantly decreased in the isoflurane group; the TLR4, TNF-alpha and IL-6 expressions were significantly increased in the isoflurane group, as compared to control; the results were reversed after the TLR4 interference.	Isoflurane	293-303	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	226-235
35394127-12	2022	Compared with the control group, the apoptosis rate and JNK protein expression in the isoflurane group were significantly increased, CREB1 protein expression was significantly decreased, and BDNF and ERK1/2 protein expressions showed no significant changes.	Isoflurane	86-96	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	56-59
35394127-13	2022	Compared with the isoflurane group, the apoptosis rate of the TLR-siRNA group was significantly decreased, BDNF and CREB1 protein expressions were significantly increased, and ERK1/2 and JNK did not change significantly.	Isoflurane	18-28	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	107-111
35394127-13	2022	Compared with the isoflurane group, the apoptosis rate of the TLR-siRNA group was significantly decreased, BDNF and CREB1 protein expressions were significantly increased, and ERK1/2 and JNK did not change significantly.	Isoflurane	18-28	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	116-121
35419168-0	2022	Isoflurane Attenuates Cerebral Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury via the TLR4-NLRP3 Signalling Pathway in Diabetic Mice.	Isoflurane	0-10	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	68-72
35419168-0	2022	Isoflurane Attenuates Cerebral Ischaemia-Reperfusion Injury via the TLR4-NLRP3 Signalling Pathway in Diabetic Mice.	Isoflurane	0-10	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	73-78
35419168-11	2022	Then, we found that ISO decreased TLR4-NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia and the excessive autophagy induced by CIRI in diabetic mice.	Isoflurane	20-23	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	34-38
35419168-11	2022	Then, we found that ISO decreased TLR4-NLRP3 inflammasome activation in microglia and the excessive autophagy induced by CIRI in diabetic mice.	Isoflurane	20-23	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	39-44
35419168-12	2022	The TLR4-specific agonist CRX-527 reversed the neuroprotective effects of ISO.	Isoflurane	74-77	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	4-8
35419168-12	2022	The TLR4-specific agonist CRX-527 reversed the neuroprotective effects of ISO.	Isoflurane	74-77	cone-rod homeobox	Mus musculus	26-29
35419168-13	2022	In summary, our study indicated that ISO exerts neuroprotective effects against the neuroinflammation and autophagy observed during diabetic stroke via the TLR4-NLRP3 signalling pathway.	Isoflurane	37-40	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	156-160
35419168-13	2022	In summary, our study indicated that ISO exerts neuroprotective effects against the neuroinflammation and autophagy observed during diabetic stroke via the TLR4-NLRP3 signalling pathway.	Isoflurane	37-40	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	161-166
35504002-8	2022	Isoflurane-induced impairment in recognition memory was preventable by the introduction of YC-1.	Isoflurane	0-10	RNA binding motif, single stranded interacting protein 1	Mus musculus	91-95
35218336-0	2022	Neuroprotective effect of AGGF1 against isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in aged rats through activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.	Isoflurane	40-50	angiogenic factor with G patch and FHA domains 1	Rattus norvegicus	26-31
35368262-1	2022	Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) commonly occur in elderly patients, and isoflurane could be a risk factor.	Isoflurane	85-95	natriuretic peptide type A	Mus musculus	40-43
35368262-6	2022	Ubiquitin function was decreased while the apoptosis was activated, and CHIP protein expression decline altered synapsin expression and phosphorylation associated with the neurodegeneration in isoflurane-induced PND.	Isoflurane	193-203	natriuretic peptide type A	Mus musculus	212-215
35368262-9	2022	Per our observation, the decline in CHIP protein expression and synaptic degeneration might reveal the reason for synaptic degeneration in the underlying pathogenesis of PND caused by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	184-194	natriuretic peptide type A	Mus musculus	170-173
35218336-3	2022	qPCR and western blot assays were applied to detect the correlation between the expression of AGGF1 and isoflurane administration.	Isoflurane	104-114	angiogenic factor with G-patch and FHA domains 1	Homo sapiens	94-99
35218336-8	2022	Results: In this study, the results revealed that isoflurane induced a decrease in AGGF1 expression in the hippocampus of aged rats.	Isoflurane	50-60	angiogenic factor with G patch and FHA domains 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-88
35218336-12	2022	Conclusion: AGGF1 has neuroprotective effect against isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in aged rats via activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathways.	Isoflurane	53-63	angiogenic factor with G patch and FHA domains 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-17
15815236-8	1989	Regional values of the ratio of rCBF/rCMRglc indicated that during hypocapnia and hypotension induced by isoflurane in nitrous oxide/oxygen, the individual brain areas were perfused according to their metabolic needs.	Isoflurane	105-115	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	32-36
34964706-3	2022	Our results show that mirtazapine attenuated isoflurane-induced expression of microglia-specific protein Iba1 in BV2 microglia.	Isoflurane	45-55	allograft inflammatory factor 1	Homo sapiens	105-109
34964706-4	2022	Mirtazapine prevented isoflurane-induced production of the pro-inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-18 by inhibiting the activation of the nod-like receptor family protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in BV2 microglia.	Isoflurane	22-32	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	84-106
34964706-4	2022	Mirtazapine prevented isoflurane-induced production of the pro-inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-18 by inhibiting the activation of the nod-like receptor family protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in BV2 microglia.	Isoflurane	22-32	interleukin 18	Homo sapiens	111-116
34964706-4	2022	Mirtazapine prevented isoflurane-induced production of the pro-inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-18 by inhibiting the activation of the nod-like receptor family protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in BV2 microglia.	Isoflurane	22-32	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	189-194
34964706-5	2022	The increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and elevated expression level of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) in isoflurane-induced BV2 microglia were mitigated by mirtazapine.	Isoflurane	114-124	NADPH oxidase 4	Homo sapiens	88-103
34964706-5	2022	The increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and elevated expression level of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) in isoflurane-induced BV2 microglia were mitigated by mirtazapine.	Isoflurane	114-124	NADPH oxidase 4	Homo sapiens	105-109
34964706-6	2022	Isoflurane exposure reduced triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) expression in BV2 microglia, which was restored by mirtazapine.	Isoflurane	0-10	triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2	Homo sapiens	28-76
34964706-6	2022	Isoflurane exposure reduced triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) expression in BV2 microglia, which was restored by mirtazapine.	Isoflurane	0-10	triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2	Homo sapiens	78-83
34964706-8	2022	From these results, we could infer that mirtazapine exerted a protective effect on BV2 microglia against isoflurane exposure-caused microglia activation, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress via inducing TREM2 activation.	Isoflurane	105-115	triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2	Homo sapiens	207-212
35187972-0	2022	Inhibition of SET domain-containing (lysine methyltransferase) 7 alleviates cognitive impairment through suppressing the activation of NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome in isoflurane-induced aged mice.	Isoflurane	179-189	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	135-162
35187972-6	2022	The effect of SETD7 on the hippocampus in isoflurane-induced aged mice was examined by Western blot and TUNEL assay.	Isoflurane	42-52	SET domain containing (lysine methyltransferase) 7	Mus musculus	14-19
35187972-8	2022	RESULTS: The data of this research revealed that SETD7 knockdown improved cognitive impairment in isoflurane-anesthetized mice, ameliorated cell pyroptosis, inhibited the release of inflammatory cytokines, and suppressed the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in the hippocampus in isoflurane-induced aged mice.	Isoflurane	98-108	SET domain containing (lysine methyltransferase) 7	Mus musculus	49-54
35187972-8	2022	RESULTS: The data of this research revealed that SETD7 knockdown improved cognitive impairment in isoflurane-anesthetized mice, ameliorated cell pyroptosis, inhibited the release of inflammatory cytokines, and suppressed the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in the hippocampus in isoflurane-induced aged mice.	Isoflurane	280-290	SET domain containing (lysine methyltransferase) 7	Mus musculus	49-54
35187972-9	2022	CONCLUSION: Collectively, these results provided evidence that the inhibition of SETD7 could alleviate neuroinflammation, pyroptosis, and cognitive impairment by suppressing the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in isoflurane-induced aged mice.	Isoflurane	218-228	SET domain containing (lysine methyltransferase) 7	Mus musculus	81-86
35187972-9	2022	CONCLUSION: Collectively, these results provided evidence that the inhibition of SETD7 could alleviate neuroinflammation, pyroptosis, and cognitive impairment by suppressing the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in isoflurane-induced aged mice.	Isoflurane	218-228	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	196-201
2782647-1	1989	Catecholamine and renin-angiotensin responses to enflurane- or isoflurane-hypotensive anesthesia were compared in a randomized study.	Isoflurane	63-73	renin	Homo sapiens	18-23
15815270-0	1989	Concentration-related changes in the rate of CSF formation and resistance to reabsorption of CSF during enflurane and isoflurane anesthesia in dogs.	Isoflurane	118-128	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	45-48
15815270-0	1989	Concentration-related changes in the rate of CSF formation and resistance to reabsorption of CSF during enflurane and isoflurane anesthesia in dogs.	Isoflurane	118-128	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	93-96
2496439-0	1989	Respiratory and cardiovascular effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone as modified by isoflurane, enflurane, pentobarbital and ketamine.	Isoflurane	87-97	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	42-71
2900611-9	1988	The double mutant unc-79; unc-80 is more sensitive to halothane, isoflurane, and fluroxene than is either mutant alone.	Isoflurane	65-75	Uncoordinated protein 79	Caenorhabditis elegans	18-24
2900611-9	1988	The double mutant unc-79; unc-80 is more sensitive to halothane, isoflurane, and fluroxene than is either mutant alone.	Isoflurane	65-75	Protein unc-80	Caenorhabditis elegans	26-32
3396546-2	1988	Plasma renin activity rose significantly during both halothane and isoflurane anaesthesia without surgery, and increased further after the commencement of operation.	Isoflurane	67-77	renin	Homo sapiens	7-12
3288006-3	1988	Isoflurane seemed to induce glucose intolerance (glucose disappearance rate K10-60 min = 1.628 +/- 0.462% min-1 [control] versus 1.086 +/- 0.920% min-1 [anesthesia], P less than 0.05) partly due to a decreased glucose induced insulin response.	Isoflurane	0-10	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	106-111
3288006-3	1988	Isoflurane seemed to induce glucose intolerance (glucose disappearance rate K10-60 min = 1.628 +/- 0.462% min-1 [control] versus 1.086 +/- 0.920% min-1 [anesthesia], P less than 0.05) partly due to a decreased glucose induced insulin response.	Isoflurane	0-10	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	146-151
2837263-3	1988	In contrast, isoflurane increased CA1 neurone excitability (0.25-0.75 vol%) and produced postsynaptic depression of dentate neurones (0.5-4.0 vol%).	Isoflurane	13-23	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	34-37
3396546-0	1988	Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and plasma vasopressin in surgical patients anaesthetized with halothane or isoflurane.	Isoflurane	113-123	renin	Homo sapiens	0-5
3396546-4	1988	Plasma vasopressin decreased during halothane and isoflurane anaesthesia to half of the control values, but rose significantly during cholecystectomy.	Isoflurane	50-60	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	7-18
3396546-6	1988	The results demonstrate that isoflurane stimulates the renin-angiotensin system to a similar extent as halothane, although it causes hypotension by a different mechanism.	Isoflurane	29-39	renin	Homo sapiens	55-60
3364667-7	1988	In a second series, with 5 subjects, the concentration of halothane, enflurane or isoflurane was first increased to a steady state of MAC 1.0.	Isoflurane	82-92	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	134-139
3345272-0	1988	Plasma glutathione S-transferase concentration as a measure of hepatocellular integrity following a single general anaesthetic with halothane, enflurane or isoflurane.	Isoflurane	156-166	glutathione S-transferase kappa 1	Homo sapiens	7-32
3345272-4	1988	Abnormal GST concentrations were found in 50% of patients following halothane anaesthesia, 20% following enflurane and 11% after isoflurane.	Isoflurane	129-139	glutathione S-transferase kappa 1	Homo sapiens	9-12
3278496-5	1988	mean) determined prior to administration of volatile agents were 28 +/- 5 ml x 100(-1) x min-1 and 2.0 +/- 0.3 ml x 100 g-1 x min-1, respectively, in the isoflurane group.	Isoflurane	154-164	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	89-102
15235845-2	1988	We reported previously that, unexpectedly, isoflurane more frequently produced opisthotonus in young mice, especially during the induction period, than enflurane.	Isoflurane	43-53	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	79-91
15235845-5	1988	The percentage incidence of opisthotonus was 93% for sevoflurane, 81% for isoflurane, 64% for enflurane, 17% for methoxyflurane and 2% for halothane.	Isoflurane	74-84	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	28-40
2889401-3	1987	CDE alone decreased cytochrome P-450 from phenobarbital-treated rats by as much as 37%, but the addition of isoflurane or halothane to incubations containing CDE increased the loss of cytochrome P-450 nearly twofold.	Isoflurane	108-118	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	184-200
3446832-0	1987	[The effects of isoflurane on EEG, CBF and cerebral metabolic rates].	Isoflurane	16-26	CCAAT enhancer binding protein zeta	Homo sapiens	35-38
3740504-7	1986	LCGU was significantly reduced by isoflurane in the CA1-CA2 field and dentate gyrus of hippocampus.	Isoflurane	34-44	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
3674476-0	1987	Opisthotonus during exposure to isoflurane, enflurane, and halothane in mice.	Isoflurane	32-42	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	0-12
3674476-1	1987	Some strains of mice, in whom anesthesia was induced with 1.2% isoflurane in air, developed episodes of intense opisthotonus, lasting 1-2 min.	Isoflurane	63-73	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	112-124
3674476-2	1987	Occasionally, opisthotonus also occurred transiently on emergence from isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	71-81	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	14-26
3740504-7	1986	LCGU was significantly reduced by isoflurane in the CA1-CA2 field and dentate gyrus of hippocampus.	Isoflurane	34-44	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
2992730-1	1985	We studied the effect of halothane, enflurane and isoflurane on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity using [3H]-benzoyl-phenylalanyl-alanyl-proline (BPAP) as a substrate.	Isoflurane	50-60	angiotensin-converting enzyme	Oryctolagus cuniculus	64-93
3756049-2	1986	The influence of isoflurane on the binding to human serum and isolated human serum albumin (HSA), of drugs (diazepam, phenytoin and warfarin) highly bound to serum proteins, was studied in vitro by equilibrium dialysis.	Isoflurane	17-27	albumin	Rattus norvegicus	77-90
3946810-7	1986	SAP decreased 30% during isoflurane administration, 25% during halothane, 21% following fentanyl, and 16% following ketamine.	Isoflurane	25-35	SH2 domain containing 1A	Homo sapiens	0-3
2992730-1	1985	We studied the effect of halothane, enflurane and isoflurane on angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity using [3H]-benzoyl-phenylalanyl-alanyl-proline (BPAP) as a substrate.	Isoflurane	50-60	angiotensin-converting enzyme	Oryctolagus cuniculus	95-98
7109827-1	1982	Exposure of rats to the volatile anesthetics, halothane, enflurane and isoflurane and low FIO2 (0.8%) for two hours results in a transient induction of ODC appearing maximally four hours after exposure.	Isoflurane	71-81	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-155
6731913-0	1984	Relationship between cerebral blood volume and CSF pressure during anesthesia with isoflurane or fentanyl in dogs.	Isoflurane	83-93	colony stimulating factor 2	Canis lupus familiaris	47-50
7139395-0	1982	Arginine vasopressin response to anaesthesia produced by halothane, enflurane and isoflurane.	Isoflurane	82-92	vasopressin-neurophysin 2-copeptin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-20
7139395-3	1982	Ten rabbits were studied to determine the response of plasma AVP to a predetermined time/concentration "dose" of halothane, enflurane or isoflurane.	Isoflurane	137-147	vasopressin-neurophysin 2-copeptin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	61-64
7109827-3	1982	The concentration of anesthetic used to produce the ODC induction were 0.5% halothane, 1.5% enflurane and 1.4% isoflurane.	Isoflurane	111-121	ornithine decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
33586613-0	2021	MiR-191 downregulation protects against isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity through targeting BDNF.	Isoflurane	40-50	microRNA 191	Rattus norvegicus	0-7
7457978-3	1981	Tail-clamp ED50S for cyclopropane, enflurane, and isoflurane in quaking and control mice were not significantly different.	Isoflurane	50-60	quaking, KH domain containing RNA binding	Mus musculus	64-71
33894411-8	2021	To understand the interaction between VAs and TLR5, a docking simulation was performed, which indicated that isoflurane and sevoflurane docked into the binding interphase between TLR5 and flagellin.	Isoflurane	109-119	toll like receptor 5	Homo sapiens	46-50
33894411-8	2021	To understand the interaction between VAs and TLR5, a docking simulation was performed, which indicated that isoflurane and sevoflurane docked into the binding interphase between TLR5 and flagellin.	Isoflurane	109-119	toll like receptor 5	Homo sapiens	179-183
33211285-6	2021	In addition, Ramelteon displayed a robust anti-inflammatory capacity against isoflurane-induced insults and inflammation by reducing the generation of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1), matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and MMP-9.	Isoflurane	77-87	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	170-178
33586613-0	2021	MiR-191 downregulation protects against isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity through targeting BDNF.	Isoflurane	40-50	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	91-95
33586613-2	2021	This study aimed to explore the effect of miR-191 on isoflurane-induced cognition impairment and neurotoxicity in vivo and in vitro, as well as its potential mechanism.	Isoflurane	53-63	microRNA 191	Rattus norvegicus	42-49
33586613-9	2021	Results: miR-191 was up-regulated in the hippocampal tissues of rats exposed to isoflurane.	Isoflurane	80-90	microRNA 191	Rattus norvegicus	9-16
33586613-10	2021	Downregulation of miR-191 ameliorated isoflurane-induced cognition impairment, including the increase of the neurological score and the escape latency, and the decrease of the time spent in the original quadrant for the rats exposed to isoflurane.	Isoflurane	38-48	microRNA 191	Rattus norvegicus	18-25
33586613-10	2021	Downregulation of miR-191 ameliorated isoflurane-induced cognition impairment, including the increase of the neurological score and the escape latency, and the decrease of the time spent in the original quadrant for the rats exposed to isoflurane.	Isoflurane	236-246	microRNA 191	Rattus norvegicus	18-25
33586613-11	2021	Isoflurane exposure inhibited hippocampal neuron viability and promoted cell apoptosis, which was reversed by down-regulation of miR-191.	Isoflurane	0-10	microRNA 191	Rattus norvegicus	129-136
33586613-13	2021	Conclusions: Isoflurane causes some neurotoxic effect which is mediated through miR-191 abnormal expression targeting BDNF.	Isoflurane	13-23	microRNA 191	Rattus norvegicus	80-87
33586613-13	2021	Conclusions: Isoflurane causes some neurotoxic effect which is mediated through miR-191 abnormal expression targeting BDNF.	Isoflurane	13-23	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	118-122
33586613-14	2021	Downregulation of miR-191 has a protective role against isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity, regulates the vitality and slows down neuronal cell apoptosis.	Isoflurane	56-66	microRNA 191	Rattus norvegicus	18-25
34024225-0	2021	Neuroprotective effect of miR-212-5p on isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction by inhibiting neuroinflammation.	Isoflurane	40-50	microRNA 212	Rattus norvegicus	26-33
34024225-9	2021	The protein levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha were increased in isoflurane treated rats.	Isoflurane	70-80	interleukin 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	22-30
34024225-9	2021	The protein levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha were increased in isoflurane treated rats.	Isoflurane	70-80	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	32-36
34024225-9	2021	The protein levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha were increased in isoflurane treated rats.	Isoflurane	70-80	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	42-51
34024225-13	2021	CONCLUSION: miR-212-5p showed a neuroprotective effect in isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction rats by inhibiting neuroinflammation.	Isoflurane	58-68	microRNA 212	Rattus norvegicus	12-19
33636236-6	2021	These findings provided evidence that the cognitive ability of aged rats was injured by isoflurane exposure and isoflurane also inhibited the viability and enhanced the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons by damaging the mitochondria through inhibition of the NR2B/CaMKII/CREB pathway and its harmful roles could be partially ameliorated by CdCl2.	Isoflurane	112-122	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	257-261
33636236-6	2021	These findings provided evidence that the cognitive ability of aged rats was injured by isoflurane exposure and isoflurane also inhibited the viability and enhanced the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons by damaging the mitochondria through inhibition of the NR2B/CaMKII/CREB pathway and its harmful roles could be partially ameliorated by CdCl2.	Isoflurane	112-122	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	269-273
33636236-0	2021	Isoflurane triggers the acute cognitive impairment of aged rats by damaging hippocampal neurons via the NR2B/CaMKII/CREB pathway.	Isoflurane	0-10	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	104-108
33924243-0	2021	Role of SIRT1 in Isoflurane Conditioning-Induced Neurovascular Protection against Delayed Cerebral Ischemia Secondary to Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.	Isoflurane	17-27	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	8-13
33636236-0	2021	Isoflurane triggers the acute cognitive impairment of aged rats by damaging hippocampal neurons via the NR2B/CaMKII/CREB pathway.	Isoflurane	0-10	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	116-120
33636236-5	2021	Isoflurane jeopardized hippocampal neurons by directly inactivating the NR2B/CaMKII/CREB pathway and its harmful effects could be ameliorated by adding CaMKII activator CdCl2.	Isoflurane	0-10	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	72-76
33636236-5	2021	Isoflurane jeopardized hippocampal neurons by directly inactivating the NR2B/CaMKII/CREB pathway and its harmful effects could be ameliorated by adding CaMKII activator CdCl2.	Isoflurane	0-10	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	84-88
33878909-0	2021	Neuroprotective effect of miR-204-5p downregulation against isoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment via targeting EphB2 and inhibiting neuroinflammation.	Isoflurane	60-70	Eph receptor B2	Rattus norvegicus	124-129
33878909-11	2021	CONCLUSION: Downregulated miR-204-5p exerts protective effects against isoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment via targeting EphB2 and inhibiting neuroinflammation.	Isoflurane	71-81	Eph receptor B2	Rattus norvegicus	135-140
33924243-1	2021	We recently reported that isoflurane conditioning provided multifaceted protection against subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-induced delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), and this protection was through the upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS).	Isoflurane	26-36	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	214-247
33924243-1	2021	We recently reported that isoflurane conditioning provided multifaceted protection against subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)-induced delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI), and this protection was through the upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS).	Isoflurane	26-36	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	249-253
33924243-3	2021	The aim of our current study is to examine the role of SIRT1 in isoflurane conditioning-induced neurovascular protection against SAH-induced DCI.	Isoflurane	64-74	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	55-60
34017394-0	2021	Elevating miR-378 strengthens the isoflurane-mediated effects on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice via suppression of MAPK1.	Isoflurane	34-44	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	131-136
34017394-3	2021	Thus, this work aimed to identify the mechanism of isoflurane (ISO) post-treatment in MI/RI by regulating microRNA-378 (miR-378) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1).	Isoflurane	51-61	microRNA 378a	Mus musculus	106-118
34017394-0	2021	Elevating miR-378 strengthens the isoflurane-mediated effects on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice via suppression of MAPK1.	Isoflurane	34-44	microRNA 378a	Mus musculus	10-17
34017394-3	2021	Thus, this work aimed to identify the mechanism of isoflurane (ISO) post-treatment in MI/RI by regulating microRNA-378 (miR-378) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1).	Isoflurane	51-61	microRNA 378a	Mus musculus	120-127
34017394-3	2021	Thus, this work aimed to identify the mechanism of isoflurane (ISO) post-treatment in MI/RI by regulating microRNA-378 (miR-378) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1).	Isoflurane	51-61	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	133-167
34017394-3	2021	Thus, this work aimed to identify the mechanism of isoflurane (ISO) post-treatment in MI/RI by regulating microRNA-378 (miR-378) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1).	Isoflurane	51-61	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	169-174
34017394-3	2021	Thus, this work aimed to identify the mechanism of isoflurane (ISO) post-treatment in MI/RI by regulating microRNA-378 (miR-378) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1).	Isoflurane	63-66	microRNA 378a	Mus musculus	106-118
34017394-3	2021	Thus, this work aimed to identify the mechanism of isoflurane (ISO) post-treatment in MI/RI by regulating microRNA-378 (miR-378) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1).	Isoflurane	63-66	microRNA 378a	Mus musculus	120-127
34017394-3	2021	Thus, this work aimed to identify the mechanism of isoflurane (ISO) post-treatment in MI/RI by regulating microRNA-378 (miR-378) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1).	Isoflurane	63-66	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	133-167
34017394-3	2021	Thus, this work aimed to identify the mechanism of isoflurane (ISO) post-treatment in MI/RI by regulating microRNA-378 (miR-378) and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1).	Isoflurane	63-66	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	169-174
34017394-9	2021	ISO elevated miR-378 to target MAPK1.	Isoflurane	0-3	microRNA 378a	Mus musculus	13-20
34017394-9	2021	ISO elevated miR-378 to target MAPK1.	Isoflurane	0-3	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	31-36
34017394-11	2021	Up-regulated miR-378 further enhanced the protective effect of ISO on MI/RI mice.	Isoflurane	63-66	microRNA 378a	Mus musculus	13-20
34017394-13	2021	CONCLUSION: This study highlights that elevating miR-378 strengthens the isoflurane-mediated effects on MI/RI in mice via suppressing MAPK1, which provides a potential treatment for MI/RI.	Isoflurane	73-83	microRNA 378a	Mus musculus	49-56
34017394-13	2021	CONCLUSION: This study highlights that elevating miR-378 strengthens the isoflurane-mediated effects on MI/RI in mice via suppressing MAPK1, which provides a potential treatment for MI/RI.	Isoflurane	73-83	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	134-139
33621420-0	2021	Isoflurane post-conditioning contributes to anti-apoptotic effect after cerebral ischaemia in rats through the ERK5/MEF2D signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	0-10	mitogen-activated protein kinase 7	Rattus norvegicus	111-115
33875453-5	2021	We find that propofol, etomidate, and isoflurane significantly impair syntaxin1A mobility, while ketamine and sevoflurane have little effect.	Isoflurane	38-48	Syntaxin 1A	Drosophila melanogaster	70-80
33609559-8	2021	However, PDE4D knockout mice are largely protected from the effect of pharmacologic PDE4 inhibition, suggesting that PDE4D is the predominant, but not the sole PDE4 subtype involved in potentiating Isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	198-208	phosphodiesterase 4D, cAMP specific	Mus musculus	9-14
33609559-8	2021	However, PDE4D knockout mice are largely protected from the effect of pharmacologic PDE4 inhibition, suggesting that PDE4D is the predominant, but not the sole PDE4 subtype involved in potentiating Isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	198-208	phosphodiesterase 4D, cAMP specific	Mus musculus	117-122
33609559-12	2021	Our findings suggest that PDE4/PDE4D inhibition may serve as a tool to delineate the exact molecular mechanisms of Isoflurane anesthesia, which remain poorly understood, and may potentially be exploited to reduce the clinical doses of Isoflurane required to maintain hypnosis.	Isoflurane	115-125	phosphodiesterase 4D, cAMP specific	Mus musculus	31-36
33609559-12	2021	Our findings suggest that PDE4/PDE4D inhibition may serve as a tool to delineate the exact molecular mechanisms of Isoflurane anesthesia, which remain poorly understood, and may potentially be exploited to reduce the clinical doses of Isoflurane required to maintain hypnosis.	Isoflurane	235-245	phosphodiesterase 4D, cAMP specific	Mus musculus	31-36
33621420-0	2021	Isoflurane post-conditioning contributes to anti-apoptotic effect after cerebral ischaemia in rats through the ERK5/MEF2D signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	0-10	myocyte enhancer factor 2D	Rattus norvegicus	116-121
33621420-9	2021	We found that MEF2D was involved in nerve protection after I/R injury, and post-treatment of ISO significantly promoted the phosphorylation of ERK5, increased MEF2D transcriptional activity, inhibited the expression of caspase-3 and played a role of brain protection.	Isoflurane	93-96	myocyte enhancer factor 2D	Rattus norvegicus	14-19
33621420-9	2021	We found that MEF2D was involved in nerve protection after I/R injury, and post-treatment of ISO significantly promoted the phosphorylation of ERK5, increased MEF2D transcriptional activity, inhibited the expression of caspase-3 and played a role of brain protection.	Isoflurane	93-96	mitogen-activated protein kinase 7	Rattus norvegicus	143-147
33621420-9	2021	We found that MEF2D was involved in nerve protection after I/R injury, and post-treatment of ISO significantly promoted the phosphorylation of ERK5, increased MEF2D transcriptional activity, inhibited the expression of caspase-3 and played a role of brain protection.	Isoflurane	93-96	myocyte enhancer factor 2D	Rattus norvegicus	159-164
33621420-9	2021	We found that MEF2D was involved in nerve protection after I/R injury, and post-treatment of ISO significantly promoted the phosphorylation of ERK5, increased MEF2D transcriptional activity, inhibited the expression of caspase-3 and played a role of brain protection.	Isoflurane	93-96	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	219-228
33732350-0	2021	Inhibition of SUMO2/3 antagonizes isoflurane-induced cancer-promoting effect in hepatocellular carcinoma Hep3B cells.	Isoflurane	34-44	small ubiquitin like modifier 2	Homo sapiens	14-21
31288581-8	2021	Median (25-75 percentile) urinary NGAL was 167 (51-215) pg/ml in the isoflurane group compared with 362 (149-508) pg/ml in the propofol group (p = .093).	Isoflurane	69-79	lipocalin 2	Sus scrofa	34-38
31599811-9	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Propofol, isoflurane, sevoflurane, or desflurane have similar effects on CSF and serum caspase-3.	Isoflurane	23-33	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	100-109
33732350-6	2021	The results demonstrated that the formation of SUMO2/3 conjugates was significantly increased following HCC cells being exposed to isoflurane for 0.5 h, and continued to increase for 48 h, even after the drug had been withdrawn.	Isoflurane	131-141	small ubiquitin like modifier 2	Homo sapiens	47-54
33732350-8	2021	SUMO specific protease 3 (SENP3), which inhibits the binding of SUMO2/3 to its target proteins, was overexpressed and it was discovered that isoflurane-induced SUMOylation was significantly inhibited, and accordingly, the proliferation and invasion abilities of HCC cells were decreased to a certain extent.	Isoflurane	141-151	SUMO specific peptidase 3	Homo sapiens	26-31
33732350-8	2021	SUMO specific protease 3 (SENP3), which inhibits the binding of SUMO2/3 to its target proteins, was overexpressed and it was discovered that isoflurane-induced SUMOylation was significantly inhibited, and accordingly, the proliferation and invasion abilities of HCC cells were decreased to a certain extent.	Isoflurane	141-151	small ubiquitin like modifier 2	Homo sapiens	64-71
33732350-9	2021	These findings indicated that SUMO2/3 is involved in the progression of HCC cells, at least in the Hep3B cell line, induced by the anesthetic isoflurane, and that inhibition of SUMO2/3 may antagonize the response.	Isoflurane	142-152	small ubiquitin like modifier 2	Homo sapiens	30-37
33373660-0	2021	Isoflurane post-conditioning attenuates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by reducing apoptotic through Activating the BMP7/SMAD Signaling Pathway in Rats.	Isoflurane	0-10	bone morphogenetic protein 7	Rattus norvegicus	122-126
33373660-10	2021	The present results of this study indicated that the neuroprotection of 1.5% isoflurane postconditioning to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is related to the activating of BMP7/Smad1/5/9 and p38MAPK signal pathway.	Isoflurane	77-87	bone morphogenetic protein 7	Rattus norvegicus	177-181
33373660-10	2021	The present results of this study indicated that the neuroprotection of 1.5% isoflurane postconditioning to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury is related to the activating of BMP7/Smad1/5/9 and p38MAPK signal pathway.	Isoflurane	77-87	SMAD family member 1	Rattus norvegicus	182-191
33859779-6	2021	Results: Compared to WT mice, measurements of isoflurane usage and anesthesia induction time were higher in MMP3-KO mice and lower in WT that had been treated with MMP3 (WT+MMP3), while anesthesia emergence times were shorter in MMP3-KO mice and longer in WT+MMP3 mice than in WT.	Isoflurane	46-56	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Mus musculus	108-112
33859779-10	2021	Conclusion: MMP3 increases BBB permeability following the administration of isoflurane by upregulating the ERK signaling pathway, which subsequently reduces TJ and VE-cadherin proteins in BMVECs.	Isoflurane	76-86	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Mus musculus	12-16
33859779-10	2021	Conclusion: MMP3 increases BBB permeability following the administration of isoflurane by upregulating the ERK signaling pathway, which subsequently reduces TJ and VE-cadherin proteins in BMVECs.	Isoflurane	76-86	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	107-110
33859779-10	2021	Conclusion: MMP3 increases BBB permeability following the administration of isoflurane by upregulating the ERK signaling pathway, which subsequently reduces TJ and VE-cadherin proteins in BMVECs.	Isoflurane	76-86	cadherin 5	Mus musculus	164-175
33746711-5	2021	Then, we selectively ablated LHb glutamatergic neurons in Vglut2-cre mice, which caused a longer induction time and less recovery time along with a decrease in delta-band power in mice under isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	191-201	solute carrier family 17 (sodium-dependent inorganic phosphate cotransporter), member 6	Mus musculus	58-64
33370590-0	2021	Silencing of miR-302b-3p alleviates isoflurane-induced neuronal injury by regulating PTEN expression and AKT pathway.	Isoflurane	36-46	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Rattus norvegicus	85-89
33370590-0	2021	Silencing of miR-302b-3p alleviates isoflurane-induced neuronal injury by regulating PTEN expression and AKT pathway.	Isoflurane	36-46	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	105-108
33370590-9	2021	Silencing of PTEN partially reversed the protecting effects of silenced miR-302b-3p on ISO-induced injury of hippocampal neurons.	Isoflurane	87-90	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Rattus norvegicus	13-17
33370590-10	2021	Further, miR-302b-3p activated the AKT signaling pathway in neurons exposed to ISO by downregulation of PTEN.	Isoflurane	79-82	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-38
33370590-10	2021	Further, miR-302b-3p activated the AKT signaling pathway in neurons exposed to ISO by downregulation of PTEN.	Isoflurane	79-82	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Rattus norvegicus	104-108
33370590-11	2021	Finally, in vivo studies revealed that silencing of miR-302b-3p alleviates ISO-induced injury and spatial memory impairment of rats partly by upregulation of PTEN.	Isoflurane	75-78	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Rattus norvegicus	158-162
33370590-12	2021	Overall, our findings indicated that miR-302b-3p targets PTEN to activate the AKT pathway, and silencing of miR-302b-3p plays a neuroprotective role in ISO-induced neuronal injury by the PTEN/AKT pathway, suggesting miR-302b-3p as a crucial target for ISO-induced neuronal injury.	Isoflurane	152-155	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Rattus norvegicus	57-61
33370590-12	2021	Overall, our findings indicated that miR-302b-3p targets PTEN to activate the AKT pathway, and silencing of miR-302b-3p plays a neuroprotective role in ISO-induced neuronal injury by the PTEN/AKT pathway, suggesting miR-302b-3p as a crucial target for ISO-induced neuronal injury.	Isoflurane	152-155	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
33370590-12	2021	Overall, our findings indicated that miR-302b-3p targets PTEN to activate the AKT pathway, and silencing of miR-302b-3p plays a neuroprotective role in ISO-induced neuronal injury by the PTEN/AKT pathway, suggesting miR-302b-3p as a crucial target for ISO-induced neuronal injury.	Isoflurane	152-155	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Rattus norvegicus	187-191
33370590-12	2021	Overall, our findings indicated that miR-302b-3p targets PTEN to activate the AKT pathway, and silencing of miR-302b-3p plays a neuroprotective role in ISO-induced neuronal injury by the PTEN/AKT pathway, suggesting miR-302b-3p as a crucial target for ISO-induced neuronal injury.	Isoflurane	152-155	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	192-195
33370590-12	2021	Overall, our findings indicated that miR-302b-3p targets PTEN to activate the AKT pathway, and silencing of miR-302b-3p plays a neuroprotective role in ISO-induced neuronal injury by the PTEN/AKT pathway, suggesting miR-302b-3p as a crucial target for ISO-induced neuronal injury.	Isoflurane	252-255	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Rattus norvegicus	57-61
33508982-0	2021	Nrf2 mediates the neuroprotective effect of isoflurane preconditioning in cortical neuron injury induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation.	Isoflurane	44-54	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	0-4
33644540-0	2021	Roflumilast Ameliorates Isoflurane-Induced Inflammation in Astrocytes via the CREB/BDNF Signaling Pathway.	Isoflurane	24-34	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	78-82
33644540-0	2021	Roflumilast Ameliorates Isoflurane-Induced Inflammation in Astrocytes via the CREB/BDNF Signaling Pathway.	Isoflurane	24-34	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	83-87
33644540-11	2021	Results: The upregulated iNOS, excessive production of NO, IL-6, and MCP-1, and activated COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathways in the astrocytes induced by isoflurane were significantly reversed by the introduction of roflumilast, in a dose-dependent manner.	Isoflurane	149-159	inositol-3-phosphate synthase 1	Homo sapiens	25-29
33644540-11	2021	Results: The upregulated iNOS, excessive production of NO, IL-6, and MCP-1, and activated COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathways in the astrocytes induced by isoflurane were significantly reversed by the introduction of roflumilast, in a dose-dependent manner.	Isoflurane	149-159	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	59-63
33644540-11	2021	Results: The upregulated iNOS, excessive production of NO, IL-6, and MCP-1, and activated COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathways in the astrocytes induced by isoflurane were significantly reversed by the introduction of roflumilast, in a dose-dependent manner.	Isoflurane	149-159	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	69-74
33644540-11	2021	Results: The upregulated iNOS, excessive production of NO, IL-6, and MCP-1, and activated COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathways in the astrocytes induced by isoflurane were significantly reversed by the introduction of roflumilast, in a dose-dependent manner.	Isoflurane	149-159	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	90-95
33644540-13	2021	In addition, the COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathway activated by isoflurane can be inactivated by recombinant human BDNF.	Isoflurane	59-69	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	17-22
33644540-13	2021	In addition, the COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathway activated by isoflurane can be inactivated by recombinant human BDNF.	Isoflurane	59-69	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	110-114
33644540-14	2021	Finally, the regulatory effect of roflumilast against the isoflurane-activated COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathway was significantly blocked by ANA-12, which is a BDNF inhibitor.	Isoflurane	58-68	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	79-84
33644540-14	2021	Finally, the regulatory effect of roflumilast against the isoflurane-activated COX-2/PGE2 signaling pathway was significantly blocked by ANA-12, which is a BDNF inhibitor.	Isoflurane	58-68	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	156-160
33644540-15	2021	Conclusion: Roflumilast might ameliorate isoflurane-induced inflammation in astrocytes via the CREB/BDNF signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	41-51	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	95-99
33644540-15	2021	Conclusion: Roflumilast might ameliorate isoflurane-induced inflammation in astrocytes via the CREB/BDNF signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	41-51	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	100-104
33355378-0	2021	Isoflurane reduces septic neuron injury by HO-1-mediated abatement of inflammation and apoptosis.	Isoflurane	0-10	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	43-47
33708168-6	2021	We found that ISO significantly induced an increased surface expression of the GABAA receptor subunit, alpha5, in the hippocampus of the mice.	Isoflurane	14-17	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit alpha 5	Mus musculus	79-109
33708168-8	2021	Meanwhile, we found the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and IL-6 in the brains of mice exposed to ISO were significantly increased.	Isoflurane	152-155	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	45-67
33708168-8	2021	Meanwhile, we found the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and IL-6 in the brains of mice exposed to ISO were significantly increased.	Isoflurane	152-155	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	69-96
33708168-8	2021	Meanwhile, we found the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and IL-6 in the brains of mice exposed to ISO were significantly increased.	Isoflurane	152-155	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	98-107
33708168-8	2021	Meanwhile, we found the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and IL-6 in the brains of mice exposed to ISO were significantly increased.	Isoflurane	152-155	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	114-118
33508982-1	2021	OBJECTIVE: To investigate how nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) involved in the protective effect of isoflurane (Iso) preconditioning in oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced cortical neuron injury.	Isoflurane	109-119	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	30-64
33508982-1	2021	OBJECTIVE: To investigate how nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) involved in the protective effect of isoflurane (Iso) preconditioning in oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced cortical neuron injury.	Isoflurane	109-119	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	66-70
33508982-1	2021	OBJECTIVE: To investigate how nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) involved in the protective effect of isoflurane (Iso) preconditioning in oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced cortical neuron injury.	Isoflurane	121-124	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	30-64
33508982-1	2021	OBJECTIVE: To investigate how nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) involved in the protective effect of isoflurane (Iso) preconditioning in oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced cortical neuron injury.	Isoflurane	121-124	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	66-70
33508982-6	2021	Iso preconditioning increased the Nrf2 nuclear translocation in cortical neurons.	Isoflurane	0-3	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	34-38
33508982-7	2021	Meanwhile, Iso decreased the OGD-induced apoptosis with the down-regulations of Bax and Caspase-3 and the up-regulation of Bcl-2, which was reversed by ML385.	Isoflurane	11-14	BCL2-associated X protein	Mus musculus	80-83
33508982-7	2021	Meanwhile, Iso decreased the OGD-induced apoptosis with the down-regulations of Bax and Caspase-3 and the up-regulation of Bcl-2, which was reversed by ML385.	Isoflurane	11-14	caspase 3	Mus musculus	88-97
33508982-7	2021	Meanwhile, Iso decreased the OGD-induced apoptosis with the down-regulations of Bax and Caspase-3 and the up-regulation of Bcl-2, which was reversed by ML385.	Isoflurane	11-14	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	123-128
33508982-10	2021	CONCLUSION: Iso preconditioning up-regulated Nrf2 level to play its protective role in OGD-induced mouse cortical neuron injury.	Isoflurane	12-15	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	45-49
33530488-2	2021	Here, we provide the first comprehensive time-dependent analysis of the effects of the commonly administered inhalational anaesthetic, isoflurane, on the murine circadian clock, by analysing its effects on (a) behavioural locomotor rhythms and (b) PER2::LUC expression in the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the mouse brain.	Isoflurane	135-145	period circadian clock 2	Mus musculus	248-252
33188746-9	2021	Moreover, chemogenetic activation of Tac1 POA neurons stabilizes the wake state against both isoflurane- and sevoflurane-induced unconsciousness.	Isoflurane	93-103	tachykinin 1	Mus musculus	37-41
33188746-10	2021	Tac1-activated mice display a partial resistance to entering isoflurane anesthesia and a more pronounced ability to exit both isoflurane- and sevoflurane-induced unconscious states.	Isoflurane	61-71	tachykinin 1	Mus musculus	0-4
33188746-10	2021	Tac1-activated mice display a partial resistance to entering isoflurane anesthesia and a more pronounced ability to exit both isoflurane- and sevoflurane-induced unconscious states.	Isoflurane	126-136	tachykinin 1	Mus musculus	0-4
33433724-4	2021	Wild type and Sarm1 knock out mice were exposed to isoflurane.	Isoflurane	51-61	sterile alpha and HEAT/Armadillo motif containing 1	Mus musculus	14-19
33519423-0	2020	Atorvastatin Attenuates Isoflurane-Induced Activation of ROS-p38MAPK/ATF2 Pathway, Neuronal Degeneration, and Cognitive Impairment of the Aged Mice.	Isoflurane	24-34	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	61-68
33519423-0	2020	Atorvastatin Attenuates Isoflurane-Induced Activation of ROS-p38MAPK/ATF2 Pathway, Neuronal Degeneration, and Cognitive Impairment of the Aged Mice.	Isoflurane	24-34	activating transcription factor 2	Mus musculus	69-73
33519423-9	2020	Furthermore, atorvastatin ameliorated the isoflurane-induced activation of p38MAPK/ATF-2 signaling.	Isoflurane	42-52	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	75-82
33519423-9	2020	Furthermore, atorvastatin ameliorated the isoflurane-induced activation of p38MAPK/ATF-2 signaling.	Isoflurane	42-52	activating transcription factor 2	Mus musculus	83-88
33519423-10	2020	In a cellular study, we proved that isoflurane could induce oxidative stress and inflammation by activating the p38MAPK/ATF-2 pathway in BV-2 microglia cells.	Isoflurane	36-46	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	112-119
33519423-10	2020	In a cellular study, we proved that isoflurane could induce oxidative stress and inflammation by activating the p38MAPK/ATF-2 pathway in BV-2 microglia cells.	Isoflurane	36-46	activating transcription factor 2	Mus musculus	120-125
33519423-11	2020	In addition, SB203580, a selected p38MAPK inhibitor, inhibited the isoflurane-induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis.	Isoflurane	67-77	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	34-41
33433724-9	2021	We found that Sarm1 deletion suppressed isoflurane induced cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation.	Isoflurane	40-50	sterile alpha and HEAT/Armadillo motif containing 1	Mus musculus	14-19
33433724-10	2021	Deletion of Sarm1 inhibited isoflurane induced alphaII-spectrin degradation and TrkB cleavage, which indicates suppression of Calpain activation.	Isoflurane	28-38	sterile alpha and HEAT/Armadillo motif containing 1	Mus musculus	12-17
33433724-10	2021	Deletion of Sarm1 inhibited isoflurane induced alphaII-spectrin degradation and TrkB cleavage, which indicates suppression of Calpain activation.	Isoflurane	28-38	spectrin alpha, non-erythrocytic 1	Mus musculus	47-63
33433724-11	2021	Finally, deletion of Sarm1 suppressed isoflurane induced MAPK signaling both in vivo and in vitro.	Isoflurane	38-48	sterile alpha and HEAT/Armadillo motif containing 1	Mus musculus	21-26
33434191-0	2021	GABAergic neurons are susceptible to BAX-dependent apoptosis following isoflurane exposure in the neonatal period.	Isoflurane	71-81	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	37-40
33434191-3	2021	We show that Bax deficiency blocks neuronal death following exposure to isoflurane during the neonatal period.	Isoflurane	72-82	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	13-16
33434191-4	2021	Blocking Bax-mediated neuron death attenuated the neuroinflammatory response of microglia following isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	100-110	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	9-12
33434191-8	2021	Collectively, these findings show that while GABAergic neurons in the neonatal brain undergo elevated Bax-dependent apoptotic cell death following exposure to isoflurane, this does not appear to have long-lasting consequences on overall neurological function later in life.	Isoflurane	159-169	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	102-105
33433724-12	2021	Our findings suggest that isoflurane anesthesia induced cognitive impairment is prevented by Sarm1 deletion in mice, making Sarm1 a potent therapeutic target for treating or preventing POCD.	Isoflurane	26-36	sterile alpha and HEAT/Armadillo motif containing 1	Mus musculus	93-98
33433724-12	2021	Our findings suggest that isoflurane anesthesia induced cognitive impairment is prevented by Sarm1 deletion in mice, making Sarm1 a potent therapeutic target for treating or preventing POCD.	Isoflurane	26-36	sterile alpha and HEAT/Armadillo motif containing 1	Mus musculus	124-129
32833118-8	2021	Additionally, activation of AKT/mTOR was found after isoflurane treatment, and mTOR inhibition abolished isoflurane-induced histone deacetylase 6 expression.	Isoflurane	105-115	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	28-31
33094567-0	2021	Dopamine D1 receptor in the NAc shell is involved in delayed emergence from isoflurane anesthesia in aged mice.	Isoflurane	76-86	dopamine receptor D1	Mus musculus	0-20
33373319-4	2020	ISO reduced the expression and activation of COX2 and iNOS in OGD-challenged microglia.	Isoflurane	0-3	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	45-49
32833118-0	2021	Isoflurane promotes proliferation of squamous cervical cancer cells through mTOR-histone deacetylase 6 pathway.	Isoflurane	0-10	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	76-80
32833118-0	2021	Isoflurane promotes proliferation of squamous cervical cancer cells through mTOR-histone deacetylase 6 pathway.	Isoflurane	0-10	histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens	81-102
32833118-6	2021	Isoflurane significantly promoted the proliferation of both SiHa and Caski cells, accompanied by upregulation of PCNA protein expression.	Isoflurane	0-10	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens	113-117
32833118-7	2021	Isoflurane increased the level of histone deacetylase 6 protein expression in both cells, and knockdown of histone deacetylase 6 attenuated the pro-proliferation effects of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	0-10	histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens	34-55
32833118-7	2021	Isoflurane increased the level of histone deacetylase 6 protein expression in both cells, and knockdown of histone deacetylase 6 attenuated the pro-proliferation effects of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	173-183	histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens	107-128
32833118-8	2021	Additionally, activation of AKT/mTOR was found after isoflurane treatment, and mTOR inhibition abolished isoflurane-induced histone deacetylase 6 expression.	Isoflurane	53-63	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	28-31
32833118-8	2021	Additionally, activation of AKT/mTOR was found after isoflurane treatment, and mTOR inhibition abolished isoflurane-induced histone deacetylase 6 expression.	Isoflurane	53-63	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	32-36
32833118-8	2021	Additionally, activation of AKT/mTOR was found after isoflurane treatment, and mTOR inhibition abolished isoflurane-induced histone deacetylase 6 expression.	Isoflurane	53-63	histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens	124-145
32833118-8	2021	Additionally, activation of AKT/mTOR was found after isoflurane treatment, and mTOR inhibition abolished isoflurane-induced histone deacetylase 6 expression.	Isoflurane	105-115	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	32-36
32833118-8	2021	Additionally, activation of AKT/mTOR was found after isoflurane treatment, and mTOR inhibition abolished isoflurane-induced histone deacetylase 6 expression.	Isoflurane	105-115	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	79-83
32833118-8	2021	Additionally, activation of AKT/mTOR was found after isoflurane treatment, and mTOR inhibition abolished isoflurane-induced histone deacetylase 6 expression.	Isoflurane	105-115	histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens	124-145
32833118-10	2021	In conclusion, Isoflurane enhanced proliferation of cervical cancer cells through upregulation of histone deacetylase 6, which was associated with mTOR-dependent pathway, but not AKT-mediated pathway.	Isoflurane	15-25	histone deacetylase 6	Homo sapiens	98-119
32833118-10	2021	In conclusion, Isoflurane enhanced proliferation of cervical cancer cells through upregulation of histone deacetylase 6, which was associated with mTOR-dependent pathway, but not AKT-mediated pathway.	Isoflurane	15-25	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	147-151
33373319-4	2020	ISO reduced the expression and activation of COX2 and iNOS in OGD-challenged microglia.	Isoflurane	0-3	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	54-58
33373319-5	2020	ISO repressed the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in OGD-exposed microglia.	Isoflurane	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	32-59
33373319-5	2020	ISO repressed the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in OGD-exposed microglia.	Isoflurane	0-3	interleukin 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	61-83
33373319-5	2020	ISO repressed the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in OGD-exposed microglia.	Isoflurane	0-3	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	85-89
33373319-5	2020	ISO repressed the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in OGD-exposed microglia.	Isoflurane	0-3	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Rattus norvegicus	101-135
33373319-6	2020	ISO also decreased nucleosomal fragmentation and caspase-3 activity but increased mitochondrial membrane potential in OGD-stimulated microglia and neurons.	Isoflurane	0-3	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	49-58
33270674-14	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Testing cognitive performance after intracerebroventricular injection of different amyloid beta subspecies revealed that Abeta pyro might be less harmful, which was reversed by isoflurane anaesthesia.	Isoflurane	190-200	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	134-139
33376303-9	2020	The expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, VEGF, TF, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 were elevated by stimulation with isoflurane, which were significantly suppressed by the administration of agomelatine.	Isoflurane	111-121	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	25-29
33376303-9	2020	The expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, VEGF, TF, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 were elevated by stimulation with isoflurane, which were significantly suppressed by the administration of agomelatine.	Isoflurane	111-121	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 15	Mus musculus	31-35
33376303-9	2020	The expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, VEGF, TF, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 were elevated by stimulation with isoflurane, which were significantly suppressed by the administration of agomelatine.	Isoflurane	111-121	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	37-46
33376303-9	2020	The expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, VEGF, TF, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 were elevated by stimulation with isoflurane, which were significantly suppressed by the administration of agomelatine.	Isoflurane	111-121	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	48-52
33376303-9	2020	The expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, VEGF, TF, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 were elevated by stimulation with isoflurane, which were significantly suppressed by the administration of agomelatine.	Isoflurane	111-121	inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor 3	Mus musculus	54-56
33376303-9	2020	The expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, VEGF, TF, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 were elevated by stimulation with isoflurane, which were significantly suppressed by the administration of agomelatine.	Isoflurane	111-121	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	58-64
33376303-9	2020	The expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, TNF-alpha, VEGF, TF, VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 were elevated by stimulation with isoflurane, which were significantly suppressed by the administration of agomelatine.	Isoflurane	111-121	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	70-76
33376303-10	2020	The up-regulation of transcriptional factor Egr-1 induced by isoflurane was down-regulated by agomelatine.	Isoflurane	61-71	early growth response 1	Mus musculus	44-49
33376303-11	2020	Conclusion: Agomelatine might attenuate isoflurane-induced inflammation and damage via down-regulating Egr-1 in brain endothelial cells.	Isoflurane	40-50	early growth response 1	Mus musculus	103-108
33392215-6	2020	Rats anesthetized with isoflurane also exhibited increases in bcl-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) during inflammation, whereas rats anesthetized with Propofol did not.	Isoflurane	23-33	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	62-67
33392215-6	2020	Rats anesthetized with isoflurane also exhibited increases in bcl-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) during inflammation, whereas rats anesthetized with Propofol did not.	Isoflurane	23-33	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	69-100
33392215-6	2020	Rats anesthetized with isoflurane also exhibited increases in bcl-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) during inflammation, whereas rats anesthetized with Propofol did not.	Isoflurane	23-33	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	106-122
33392215-6	2020	Rats anesthetized with isoflurane also exhibited increases in bcl-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) during inflammation, whereas rats anesthetized with Propofol did not.	Isoflurane	23-33	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	123-127
33333797-0	2020	Isoflurane Potentiation of GABAA Receptors Is Reduced but Not Eliminated by the beta3(N265M) Mutation.	Isoflurane	0-10	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 3	Mus musculus	80-85
33333797-7	2020	Under the same conditions, receptors incorporating the beta3(N265M) mutation were enhanced by approximately 1.5- to two-fold; i.e., modulation by isoflurane was attenuated by approximately one-half.	Isoflurane	146-156	cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 3	Mus musculus	55-60
33299036-0	2020	Global genetic deletion of CaV3.3 channels facilitates anaesthetic induction and enhances isoflurane-sparing effects of T-type calcium channel blockers.	Isoflurane	90-100	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, alpha 1I subunit	Mus musculus	27-33
33299036-1	2020	We previously documented that the CaV3.3 isoform of T-type calcium channels (T-channels) is inhibited by clinically relevant concentrations of volatile anaesthetics, including isoflurane.	Isoflurane	176-186	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, alpha 1I subunit	Mus musculus	34-40
33299036-5	2020	Furthermore, we found that TTA-P2 facilitated isoflurane induction of hypnosis in the CaV3.3 KO mice more robustly than in the WT mice.	Isoflurane	46-56	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, alpha 1I subunit	Mus musculus	86-92
32594049-15	2020	These results verify that the Atg5 autophagy pathway can be regulated to maintain appropriate levels of autophagy, which can inhibit the neurotoxicity induced by emulsified isoflurane anesthetic in fetal neural stem cells.	Isoflurane	173-183	autophagy related 5	Rattus norvegicus	30-34
33428147-6	2020	Serum AMH was significantly decreased, and FSH and LH levels profoundly increased in the 5000, 10 000, and 20 000 ppm isoflurane exposure groups compared to the control group.	Isoflurane	118-128	anti-Mullerian hormone	Mus musculus	6-9
33428147-6	2020	Serum AMH was significantly decreased, and FSH and LH levels profoundly increased in the 5000, 10 000, and 20 000 ppm isoflurane exposure groups compared to the control group.	Isoflurane	118-128	follicle stimulating hormone beta	Mus musculus	43-46
32114864-3	2020	GSP has strong antioxidant capacities, suggesting potential cognitive benefits.Objective: This study investigates whether GSP pre-treatment can alleviate isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice.Materials and methods: C57BL/6J mice were pre-treated with either GSP 25-100 mg/kg/d for seven days or GSP 100-400 mg/kg as a single dose before the 6 h isoflurane anaesthesia.	Isoflurane	154-164	GNAS (guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha stimulating) complex locus	Mus musculus	122-125
30794116-0	2020	Obesity caused by a high-fat diet regulates the Sirt1/PGC-1alpha/FNDC5/BDNF pathway to exacerbate isoflurane-induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction in older mice.	Isoflurane	98-108	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	48-53
30794116-0	2020	Obesity caused by a high-fat diet regulates the Sirt1/PGC-1alpha/FNDC5/BDNF pathway to exacerbate isoflurane-induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction in older mice.	Isoflurane	98-108	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	54-64
30794116-0	2020	Obesity caused by a high-fat diet regulates the Sirt1/PGC-1alpha/FNDC5/BDNF pathway to exacerbate isoflurane-induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction in older mice.	Isoflurane	98-108	fibronectin type III domain containing 5	Mus musculus	65-70
30794116-0	2020	Obesity caused by a high-fat diet regulates the Sirt1/PGC-1alpha/FNDC5/BDNF pathway to exacerbate isoflurane-induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction in older mice.	Isoflurane	98-108	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	71-75
32114864-6	2020	In the hippocampus of mice exposed to isoflurane, GSP 200 mg/kg increased the total SOD activity on the 1st and 3rd day and reversed the decreased activity of the NR2B/CREB pathway.Discussion and conclusions: These findings suggest that GSP improves isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction by protecting against perturbing antioxidant enzyme activities and NR2B/CREB pathway.	Isoflurane	250-260	GNAS (guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha stimulating) complex locus	Mus musculus	50-53
32114864-3	2020	GSP has strong antioxidant capacities, suggesting potential cognitive benefits.Objective: This study investigates whether GSP pre-treatment can alleviate isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice.Materials and methods: C57BL/6J mice were pre-treated with either GSP 25-100 mg/kg/d for seven days or GSP 100-400 mg/kg as a single dose before the 6 h isoflurane anaesthesia.	Isoflurane	154-164	GNAS (guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha stimulating) complex locus	Mus musculus	122-125
32114864-7	2020	Therefore, GSP may possess a potential prophylactic role in isoflurane-induced and other oxidative stress-related cognitive decline.	Isoflurane	60-70	GNAS (guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha stimulating) complex locus	Mus musculus	11-14
32114864-3	2020	GSP has strong antioxidant capacities, suggesting potential cognitive benefits.Objective: This study investigates whether GSP pre-treatment can alleviate isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in mice.Materials and methods: C57BL/6J mice were pre-treated with either GSP 25-100 mg/kg/d for seven days or GSP 100-400 mg/kg as a single dose before the 6 h isoflurane anaesthesia.	Isoflurane	154-164	GNAS (guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha stimulating) complex locus	Mus musculus	122-125
32114864-6	2020	In the hippocampus of mice exposed to isoflurane, GSP 200 mg/kg increased the total SOD activity on the 1st and 3rd day and reversed the decreased activity of the NR2B/CREB pathway.Discussion and conclusions: These findings suggest that GSP improves isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction by protecting against perturbing antioxidant enzyme activities and NR2B/CREB pathway.	Isoflurane	38-48	GNAS (guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha stimulating) complex locus	Mus musculus	50-53
33328920-4	2020	In this study, we observed the effects of pretreated 24-h SD in adult isoflurane-exposed mice on the cognitive behaviors, the Ca2+ signals of dorsal hippocampal CA1 (dCA1) neurons in vivo with fiber photometry, and the density of dendritic spines in hippocampal neurons.	Isoflurane	70-80	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	126-129
33328920-4	2020	In this study, we observed the effects of pretreated 24-h SD in adult isoflurane-exposed mice on the cognitive behaviors, the Ca2+ signals of dorsal hippocampal CA1 (dCA1) neurons in vivo with fiber photometry, and the density of dendritic spines in hippocampal neurons.	Isoflurane	70-80	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	161-164
33328920-6	2020	Only the treatment of SD followed by isoflurane exposure could reversibly decrease the amplitude of Ca2+ signals when mice were freely moving and increase the duration of Ca2+ signals during the long-term memory behavior test.	Isoflurane	37-47	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	100-103
33328920-6	2020	Only the treatment of SD followed by isoflurane exposure could reversibly decrease the amplitude of Ca2+ signals when mice were freely moving and increase the duration of Ca2+ signals during the long-term memory behavior test.	Isoflurane	37-47	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	171-174
32901993-4	2020	Our reporter assay showed that volatile anesthetics isoflurane and sevoflurane increased the activation of TLR9, while propofol attenuated it.	Isoflurane	52-62	toll like receptor 9	Homo sapiens	107-111
32130571-0	2020	TGF-beta3/Smad3 Contributes to Isoflurane Postconditioning Against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Upregulating MEF2C.	Isoflurane	31-41	transforming growth factor, beta 3	Rattus norvegicus	0-9
32130571-0	2020	TGF-beta3/Smad3 Contributes to Isoflurane Postconditioning Against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Upregulating MEF2C.	Isoflurane	31-41	SMAD family member 3	Rattus norvegicus	10-15
32130571-0	2020	TGF-beta3/Smad3 Contributes to Isoflurane Postconditioning Against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Upregulating MEF2C.	Isoflurane	31-41	myocyte enhancer factor 2C	Rattus norvegicus	120-125
32130571-2	2020	We previously demonstrated that the transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1)/Smads signaling pathway is involved in the neuroprotective effect of isoflurane postconditioning.	Isoflurane	151-161	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-69
32130571-2	2020	We previously demonstrated that the transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1)/Smads signaling pathway is involved in the neuroprotective effect of isoflurane postconditioning.	Isoflurane	151-161	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-80
32952626-9	2020	The isoflurane-induced changes in the MAPK pathway signaling proteins ERK1/2, JNK and p38 were also reversed with MS-275 pre-treatment.	Isoflurane	4-14	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	70-76
32952626-9	2020	The isoflurane-induced changes in the MAPK pathway signaling proteins ERK1/2, JNK and p38 were also reversed with MS-275 pre-treatment.	Isoflurane	4-14	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
32952626-9	2020	The isoflurane-induced changes in the MAPK pathway signaling proteins ERK1/2, JNK and p38 were also reversed with MS-275 pre-treatment.	Isoflurane	4-14	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
33304268-7	2020	Then BiP was silenced by small interfering RNA (siRNA) to explore the mechanism of how isoflurane and propofol affect neurons.	Isoflurane	87-97	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Homo sapiens	5-8
33304268-12	2020	After knockdown of BiP, the application of 1% isoflurane and 1.2 mug/ml of propofol led to the decrease of GABAAR alpha1 subunit protein content and viability of cell, as well as aggravation of ER stress.	Isoflurane	46-56	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Homo sapiens	19-22
33304268-13	2020	Conclusion: A combination of 1% isoflurane and 1.2 mug/ml of propofol causes the least damage than do other dosages of both two drugs, and endogenous BiP plays an important role in this process.	Isoflurane	32-42	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Homo sapiens	150-153
32130571-4	2020	In this study, we explored the roles of the TGF-beta3/Smad3 signaling pathway and myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C) in neuroprotection induced by isoflurane postconditioning.	Isoflurane	147-157	myocyte enhancer factor 2C	Rattus norvegicus	82-108
32130571-4	2020	In this study, we explored the roles of the TGF-beta3/Smad3 signaling pathway and myocyte enhancer factor 2C (MEF2C) in neuroprotection induced by isoflurane postconditioning.	Isoflurane	147-157	myocyte enhancer factor 2C	Rattus norvegicus	110-115
32130571-7	2020	Moreover, isoflurane postconditioning upregulated the expressions of TGF-beta3, p-Smad3, and MEF2C.	Isoflurane	10-20	transforming growth factor, beta 3	Rattus norvegicus	69-78
32130571-7	2020	Moreover, isoflurane postconditioning upregulated the expressions of TGF-beta3, p-Smad3, and MEF2C.	Isoflurane	10-20	myocyte enhancer factor 2C	Rattus norvegicus	93-98
32130571-10	2020	These results indicate that the TGF-beta3/Smad3 signaling pathway contributes to the neuroprotection of isoflurane postconditioning after CIRI and is possibly related to MEF2C.	Isoflurane	104-114	transforming growth factor, beta 3	Rattus norvegicus	32-41
32130571-10	2020	These results indicate that the TGF-beta3/Smad3 signaling pathway contributes to the neuroprotection of isoflurane postconditioning after CIRI and is possibly related to MEF2C.	Isoflurane	104-114	SMAD family member 3	Rattus norvegicus	42-47
32130571-10	2020	These results indicate that the TGF-beta3/Smad3 signaling pathway contributes to the neuroprotection of isoflurane postconditioning after CIRI and is possibly related to MEF2C.	Isoflurane	104-114	myocyte enhancer factor 2C	Rattus norvegicus	170-175
32968431-0	2020	Isoflurane suppresses lung ischemia-reperfusion injury by inactivating NF-kappaB and inhibiting cell apoptosis.	Isoflurane	0-10	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	71-80
32968431-6	2020	Isoflurane pretreatment decreased HR-induced IL-6 and IL-8 expression levels in A549 cells.	Isoflurane	0-10	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	45-49
32968431-6	2020	Isoflurane pretreatment decreased HR-induced IL-6 and IL-8 expression levels in A549 cells.	Isoflurane	0-10	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	54-58
32968431-7	2020	Isoflurane pretreatment also inhibited HR-induced cell apoptosis and Bax expression, and reversed HR-induced downregulation of Bcl-2 expression.	Isoflurane	0-10	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	69-72
32968431-7	2020	Isoflurane pretreatment also inhibited HR-induced cell apoptosis and Bax expression, and reversed HR-induced downregulation of Bcl-2 expression.	Isoflurane	0-10	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	127-132
32968431-8	2020	Moreover, isoflurane pretreatment decreased HR-induced NF-kappaB phosphorylated-p65 protein expression and NF-kappaB activation.	Isoflurane	10-20	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	55-64
32968431-8	2020	Moreover, isoflurane pretreatment decreased HR-induced NF-kappaB phosphorylated-p65 protein expression and NF-kappaB activation.	Isoflurane	10-20	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	80-83
32968431-8	2020	Moreover, isoflurane pretreatment decreased HR-induced NF-kappaB phosphorylated-p65 protein expression and NF-kappaB activation.	Isoflurane	10-20	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	107-116
32968431-10	2020	In conclusion, the results indicated that isoflurane suppressed LIRI by inhibiting the activation of NF-kappaB and the induction of cell apoptosis.	Isoflurane	42-52	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	101-110
32901993-7	2020	Our structural analysis using photoactivable anesthetics and rigid docking simulation showed that isoflurane and sevoflurane bound to both TLR9 dimer interface and 5"-xCx DNA binding site.	Isoflurane	98-108	toll like receptor 9	Homo sapiens	139-143
33192246-3	2020	In this study, based on a transgenic mouse line expressing ChAT-IRES-Cre, we applied a fiber photometry system combined with GCaMPs expression in the BF and found that both isoflurane and propofol inhibit the activity of BF cholinergic neurons, which is closely related to the consciousness transition.	Isoflurane	173-183	choline acetyltransferase	Mus musculus	59-63
33043765-7	2021	Whether AMPK mediated the isoflurane-induced apoptosis and autophagy was explored by adding an AMPK inhibitor (Compound C).	Isoflurane	26-36	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	8-12
33030094-0	2020	Role of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase in Isoflurane Conditioning-Induced Neurovascular Protection in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.	Isoflurane	45-55	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	8-41
33030094-2	2020	The aim of our current study is to define the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in isoflurane conditioning-induced neurovascular protection after SAH.	Isoflurane	98-108	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	54-87
33030094-2	2020	The aim of our current study is to define the role of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in isoflurane conditioning-induced neurovascular protection after SAH.	Isoflurane	98-108	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	89-93
33030094-9	2020	Isoflurane-induced changes in the eNOS protein expression were measured.	Isoflurane	0-10	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	34-38
33030094-10	2020	eNOS protein expression was significantly increased by isoflurane conditioning in naive mice as well as mice subjected to SAH.	Isoflurane	55-65	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	0-4
33030094-14	2020	Conclusions Our data indicate isoflurane conditioning provides robust protection against SAH-induced vasospasm and neurological deficits, and that this delayed cerebral ischemia protection is critically mediated via isoflurane-induced augmentation of eNOS.	Isoflurane	30-40	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	251-255
33030094-14	2020	Conclusions Our data indicate isoflurane conditioning provides robust protection against SAH-induced vasospasm and neurological deficits, and that this delayed cerebral ischemia protection is critically mediated via isoflurane-induced augmentation of eNOS.	Isoflurane	216-226	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	251-255
33043765-9	2021	RESULTS: Isoflurane inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis evidenced by upregulation of active caspase-3/9 in HeLa cells.	Isoflurane	9-19	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	103-114
33043765-11	2021	Further results showed isoflurane activated the AMPK/mTOR pathway and induced autophagy.	Isoflurane	23-33	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	48-52
33043765-11	2021	Further results showed isoflurane activated the AMPK/mTOR pathway and induced autophagy.	Isoflurane	23-33	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	53-57
33043765-12	2021	In addition, inhibition of AMPK led to ameliorated effects of isoflurane on apoptosis and autophagy.	Isoflurane	62-72	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	27-31
33043765-13	2021	In vivo experiments proved isoflurane could repress tumorigenesis, activate AMPK, and induce autophagy in Xenograft mouse.	Isoflurane	27-37	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	76-80
33043765-14	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane activated AMPK to inhibit proliferation and promote apoptosis and autophagy both in vitro and in vivo.	Isoflurane	13-23	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2	Homo sapiens	34-38
32930727-0	2020	Androgenic Modulation of the Chloride Transporter NKCC1 Contributes to Age-dependent Isoflurane Neurotoxicity in Male Rats.	Isoflurane	85-95	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	50-55
32930727-0	2020	Androgenic Modulation of the Chloride Transporter NKCC1 Contributes to Age-dependent Isoflurane Neurotoxicity in Male Rats.	Isoflurane	85-95	renin binding protein	Rattus norvegicus	71-74
32930727-3	2020	The hypothesis was that androgen signaling, NKCC1 function, and the age of isoflurane exposure are critical for the manifestation of anesthetic neurotoxicity in male rats.	Isoflurane	75-85	renin binding protein	Rattus norvegicus	68-71
32930727-13	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Vulnerability to isoflurane neurotoxicity is abolished by blocking the androgen receptor, disrupting the function of NKCC1, or delaying the time of exposure to at least 2 weeks of age in male rats.	Isoflurane	30-40	androgen receptor	Rattus norvegicus	84-101
32930727-13	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Vulnerability to isoflurane neurotoxicity is abolished by blocking the androgen receptor, disrupting the function of NKCC1, or delaying the time of exposure to at least 2 weeks of age in male rats.	Isoflurane	30-40	solute carrier family 12 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	130-135
32773682-13	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Mutations in the mitochondrial complex I subunit ND23 increase susceptibility to isoflurane-induced toxicity and to oxidative stress in Drosophila.	Isoflurane	94-104	NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 23 kDa subunit	Drosophila melanogaster	62-66
32773682-6	2020	RESULTS: Exposure of 10- to 13-day-old male ND23 flies to isoflurane in 5%, 21%, or 75% oxygen resulted in 16.0 +- 14.9% (n = 10), 48.2 +- 16.1% (n = 9), and 99.2 +- 2.0% (n = 10) mortality, respectively.	Isoflurane	58-68	NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 23 kDa subunit	Drosophila melanogaster	44-48
32930727-13	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Vulnerability to isoflurane neurotoxicity is abolished by blocking the androgen receptor, disrupting the function of NKCC1, or delaying the time of exposure to at least 2 weeks of age in male rats.	Isoflurane	30-40	renin binding protein	Rattus norvegicus	193-196
32773682-9	2020	The mortality of 10- to 13-day-old ND23 flies exposed to isoflurane was rescued by neuron- or glia-specific expression of wild-type ND23.	Isoflurane	57-67	NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 23 kDa subunit	Drosophila melanogaster	35-39
32773689-2	2020	Phox2b-expressing chemosensitive neurons in the retrotrapezoid nucleus, a respiratory control center, are activated by isoflurane, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.	Isoflurane	119-129	paired-like homeobox 2b	Mus musculus	0-6
32773689-4	2020	METHODS: The contribution of sodium leak channels to isoflurane-, sevoflurane-, and propofol-evoked activity of Phox2b-expressing retrotrapezoid nucleus neurons and respiratory output were evaluated in wild-type and genetically modified mice lacking sodium leak channels (both sexes).	Isoflurane	53-63	paired-like homeobox 2b	Mus musculus	112-118
32773682-9	2020	The mortality of 10- to 13-day-old ND23 flies exposed to isoflurane was rescued by neuron- or glia-specific expression of wild-type ND23.	Isoflurane	57-67	NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 23 kDa subunit	Drosophila melanogaster	132-136
32773689-8	2020	At these concentrations, isoflurane increased activity of Phox2b-expressing retrotrapezoid nucleus neurons from 1.1 +- 0.2 to 2.8 +- 0.2 Hz (P < 0.001, n = 5), which was eliminated by bath application of gadolinium or genetic silencing of sodium leak channel.	Isoflurane	25-35	paired-like homeobox 2b	Mus musculus	58-64
32855738-0	2020	Tetramethylpyrazine ameliorates isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction by inhibiting neuroinflammation via miR-150 in rats.	Isoflurane	32-42	microRNA 150	Rattus norvegicus	109-116
32773682-10	2020	Isoflurane and sevoflurane differentially affected expression of antioxidant genes in 10- to 13-day-old ND23 flies.	Isoflurane	0-10	NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 23 kDa subunit	Drosophila melanogaster	104-108
32773682-12	2020	The mortality of heterozygous ND23 flies exposed to isoflurane in 75% oxygen increased with age, resulting in 54.0 +- 19.6% (n = 4) mortality at 33 to 39 days old, and the percent mortality varied in different genetic backgrounds.	Isoflurane	52-62	NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 23 kDa subunit	Drosophila melanogaster	30-34
32855738-8	2020	The expression of miR-150 was inhibited by isoflurane exposure, but was enhanced by TMP treatment in rats.	Isoflurane	43-53	microRNA 150	Rattus norvegicus	18-25
32855738-9	2020	Furthermore, the overexpression of miR-150 alleviated the isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction and neuroinflammation, while the neuroprotective effects of TMP were significantly abrogated by the knockdown of miR-150.	Isoflurane	58-68	microRNA 150	Rattus norvegicus	35-42
32855738-10	2020	AKT3 was a direct target of miR-150, and its mRNA expression was significantly decreased by the overexpression of miR-150 in isoflurane- and TMP-treated rats.	Isoflurane	125-135	AKT serine/threonine kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
32855738-10	2020	AKT3 was a direct target of miR-150, and its mRNA expression was significantly decreased by the overexpression of miR-150 in isoflurane- and TMP-treated rats.	Isoflurane	125-135	microRNA 150	Rattus norvegicus	28-35
32855738-10	2020	AKT3 was a direct target of miR-150, and its mRNA expression was significantly decreased by the overexpression of miR-150 in isoflurane- and TMP-treated rats.	Isoflurane	125-135	microRNA 150	Rattus norvegicus	114-121
32855738-11	2020	These results demonstrated the protective effects of TMP against isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction, which were achieved by attenuating neuroinflammation via the regulation of the miR-150/AKT3 pathway.	Isoflurane	65-75	microRNA 150	Rattus norvegicus	186-193
32855738-11	2020	These results demonstrated the protective effects of TMP against isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction, which were achieved by attenuating neuroinflammation via the regulation of the miR-150/AKT3 pathway.	Isoflurane	65-75	AKT serine/threonine kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	194-198
32681443-12	2020	Additionally, miR-214-3p silencing reversed the influence of BACE1-AS knockdown on isoflurane-mediated proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy in Abeta-induced SK-N-SH and SK-N-AS cells.	Isoflurane	83-93	BACE1 antisense RNA	Homo sapiens	61-69
32681443-0	2020	Long Non-Coding RNA BACE1-AS Modulates Isoflurane-Induced Neurotoxicity to Alzheimer"s Disease Through Sponging miR-214-3p.	Isoflurane	39-49	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	20-25
32441136-12	2020	UTI attenuated the TNF-alpha and IL-1beta release induced by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	61-71	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	19-28
32441136-12	2020	UTI attenuated the TNF-alpha and IL-1beta release induced by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	61-71	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	33-41
32735882-0	2020	Isoflurane promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of bladder cancer cells through HIF-1alpha-beta-catenin/Notch1 pathways.	Isoflurane	0-10	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	104-114
32735882-0	2020	Isoflurane promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of bladder cancer cells through HIF-1alpha-beta-catenin/Notch1 pathways.	Isoflurane	0-10	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	115-127
32735882-0	2020	Isoflurane promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and metastasis of bladder cancer cells through HIF-1alpha-beta-catenin/Notch1 pathways.	Isoflurane	0-10	notch receptor 1	Homo sapiens	128-134
32735882-9	2020	In addition, isoflurane was shown to increase HIF-1alpha and its nuclear accumulation in bladder cancer cells.	Isoflurane	13-23	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	46-56
32735882-10	2020	HIF-1alpha knockdown inhibited bladder cancer cell proliferation and delayed EMT, which was reversed in the presence of 4-h exposure to 2% isoflurane.	Isoflurane	139-149	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	0-10
32735882-11	2020	Likewise, we found isoflurane modulated beta-catenin/Notch1 pathways via HIF-1alpha.	Isoflurane	19-29	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	40-52
32735882-11	2020	Likewise, we found isoflurane modulated beta-catenin/Notch1 pathways via HIF-1alpha.	Isoflurane	19-29	notch receptor 1	Homo sapiens	53-59
32735882-11	2020	Likewise, we found isoflurane modulated beta-catenin/Notch1 pathways via HIF-1alpha.	Isoflurane	19-29	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	73-83
32681443-5	2020	The expression of BACE1-AS and miR-214-3p in the plasma of AD patients and SK-N-SH and SK-N-AS cells treated with Abeta and isoflurane was assessed through quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).	Isoflurane	124-134	BACE1 antisense RNA	Homo sapiens	18-26
32681443-12	2020	Additionally, miR-214-3p silencing reversed the influence of BACE1-AS knockdown on isoflurane-mediated proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy in Abeta-induced SK-N-SH and SK-N-AS cells.	Isoflurane	83-93	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	145-150
32681443-9	2020	We found that BACE1-AS was upregulated and miR-214-3p was downregulated in the plasma of AD patients and SK-N-SH and SK-N-AS cells treated with Abeta and isoflurane.	Isoflurane	154-164	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	14-19
32681443-13	2020	In conclusion, BACE1-AS aggravated isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity to AD via sponging miR-214-3p.	Isoflurane	35-45	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	15-20
32681443-10	2020	Both BACE1-AS depletion and miR-214-3p augmentation restored the suppression of proliferation and the facilitation of apoptosis and autophagy of Abeta-treated SK-N-SH and SK-N-AS cells induced by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	196-206	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	5-10
32500379-9	2020	Therapies with anti-viral properties that raise HO-1 include certain anesthetics (sevoflurane or isoflurane), hemin, estrogen, statins, curcumin, resveratrol, and melatonin.	Isoflurane	97-107	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	48-52
32681443-10	2020	Both BACE1-AS depletion and miR-214-3p augmentation restored the suppression of proliferation and the facilitation of apoptosis and autophagy of Abeta-treated SK-N-SH and SK-N-AS cells induced by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	196-206	microRNA 214	Homo sapiens	28-35
32681443-10	2020	Both BACE1-AS depletion and miR-214-3p augmentation restored the suppression of proliferation and the facilitation of apoptosis and autophagy of Abeta-treated SK-N-SH and SK-N-AS cells induced by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	196-206	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	145-150
32997222-0	2020	Desoxyrhapontigenin attenuates neuronal apoptosis in an isoflurane-induced neuronal injury model by modulating the TLR-4/cyclin B1/Sirt-1 pathway.	Isoflurane	56-66	toll-like receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	115-120
32997222-0	2020	Desoxyrhapontigenin attenuates neuronal apoptosis in an isoflurane-induced neuronal injury model by modulating the TLR-4/cyclin B1/Sirt-1 pathway.	Isoflurane	56-66	cyclin B1	Rattus norvegicus	121-130
32997222-0	2020	Desoxyrhapontigenin attenuates neuronal apoptosis in an isoflurane-induced neuronal injury model by modulating the TLR-4/cyclin B1/Sirt-1 pathway.	Isoflurane	56-66	sirtuin 1	Rattus norvegicus	131-137
33065792-0	2020	Isoflurane preconditioning effects on brain damage induced by electromagnetic pulse radiation through epigenetic modification of BDNF gene transcription.	Isoflurane	0-10	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	129-133
32626997-11	2020	Furthermore, isoflurane exposure promoted the activation of microglia and caspase-1, and the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-18, all of which were alleviated following PYPAF1 silencing.	Isoflurane	13-23	caspase 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-83
32727273-0	2020	Isoflurane inhibits astrocyte Kir4.1-5.1 channels.	Isoflurane	0-10	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 10	Homo sapiens	30-36
32727273-3	2020	We found that RTN astrocytes respond to clinically relevant levels of isoflurane by inhibition of a CO2/H+-sensitive Kir4.1-Kir5.1-like conductance (50% effective concentration [EC50] = 0.8 mM or ~1.7%).	Isoflurane	70-80	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 10	Homo sapiens	117-123
32727273-3	2020	We found that RTN astrocytes respond to clinically relevant levels of isoflurane by inhibition of a CO2/H+-sensitive Kir4.1-Kir5.1-like conductance (50% effective concentration [EC50] = 0.8 mM or ~1.7%).	Isoflurane	70-80	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 16	Homo sapiens	124-130
32727273-4	2020	We went on to confirm that similar levels of isoflurane (EC50= 0.53 mM or 1.1%) inhibit recombinant Kir4.1-Kir5.1 channels but not homomeric Kir4.1 channels expressed in HEK293 cells.	Isoflurane	45-55	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 10	Homo sapiens	100-106
32727273-4	2020	We went on to confirm that similar levels of isoflurane (EC50= 0.53 mM or 1.1%) inhibit recombinant Kir4.1-Kir5.1 channels but not homomeric Kir4.1 channels expressed in HEK293 cells.	Isoflurane	45-55	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 16	Homo sapiens	107-113
32580996-6	2020	Analysis of chimeric TRPA1 proteins and mutagenesis combined reveals two amino acid residues located in the S5 domain, Ser876 and Thr877, that are critical for the inhibitory effects of isoflurane and propofol.	Isoflurane	186-196	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	21-26
32789575-9	2020	The expression of VEGF but not HO-1 was induced by Iso.	Isoflurane	51-54	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	18-22
32727273-6	2020	These results identify Kir4.1-Kir5.1 channels in astrocytes as novel targets of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	80-90	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 10	Homo sapiens	23-29
32727273-6	2020	These results identify Kir4.1-Kir5.1 channels in astrocytes as novel targets of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	80-90	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 16	Homo sapiens	30-36
32663520-0	2020	The protective effect of trilobatin against isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in mouse hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells involves the Nrf2/ARE pathway.	Isoflurane	44-54	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	131-135
32663520-4	2020	The effects of trilobatin on cell viability, LDH release, apoptosis, and caspase-3/7 activity in isoflurane-induced HT22 cells were explored by CCK-8, LDH release assay, flow cytometry analysis, and caspase-3/7 activity assay, respectively.	Isoflurane	97-107	caspase 3	Mus musculus	73-84
32663520-7	2020	Results suggested that exposure to isoflurane significantly reduced cell viability and increased LDH release, apoptotic rate and caspase-3/7 activity in HT22 cells, which were abolished by trilobatin.	Isoflurane	35-45	caspase 3	Mus musculus	129-140
32663520-8	2020	Trilobatin reversed isoflurane-induced increase of ROS and MDA levels and reduction of SOD and CAT activities in HT22 cells.	Isoflurane	20-30	catalase	Mus musculus	95-98
32663520-9	2020	Additionally, trilobatin promoted the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 as well as the mRNA and protein expression of HO-1 and NQO1 in HT22 cells exposed to isoflurane.	Isoflurane	153-163	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	114-118
32663520-9	2020	Additionally, trilobatin promoted the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 as well as the mRNA and protein expression of HO-1 and NQO1 in HT22 cells exposed to isoflurane.	Isoflurane	153-163	NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1	Mus musculus	123-127
32663520-10	2020	Nrf2 knockdown attenuated the effects of trilobatin on isoflurane-induced viability reduction, LDH release, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in HT22 cells.	Isoflurane	55-65	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	0-4
32522601-0	2020	Isoflurane versus sevoflurane for early brain injury and expression of sphingosine kinase 1 after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage.	Isoflurane	0-10	sphingosine kinase 1	Mus musculus	71-91
32522601-10	2020	Both 2% isoflurane and 3% sevoflurane significantly improved neurobehavioral function, and brain edema at 24 hours after SAH and attenuated cell death, associated with an increase in SphK1, a decrease in cleaved caspase-3 and COX2.	Isoflurane	8-18	sphingosine kinase 1	Mus musculus	183-188
32522601-10	2020	Both 2% isoflurane and 3% sevoflurane significantly improved neurobehavioral function, and brain edema at 24 hours after SAH and attenuated cell death, associated with an increase in SphK1, a decrease in cleaved caspase-3 and COX2.	Isoflurane	8-18	caspase 3	Mus musculus	212-221
32522601-10	2020	Both 2% isoflurane and 3% sevoflurane significantly improved neurobehavioral function, and brain edema at 24 hours after SAH and attenuated cell death, associated with an increase in SphK1, a decrease in cleaved caspase-3 and COX2.	Isoflurane	8-18	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	226-230
32522601-12	2020	These findings suggest that both 2% isoflurane and 3% sevoflurane significantly inhibited EBI by suppressing post-SAH apoptosis and brain inflammation possibly via the SphK1-related pathway.	Isoflurane	36-46	sphingosine kinase 1	Mus musculus	168-173
32149756-5	2020	METHODS: The effect of anesthetics isoflurane, sevoflurane, propofol, and dexmedetomidine on TLR2 activation was examined by reporter assays.	Isoflurane	35-45	toll like receptor 2	Homo sapiens	93-97
32626997-11	2020	Furthermore, isoflurane exposure promoted the activation of microglia and caspase-1, and the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-18, all of which were alleviated following PYPAF1 silencing.	Isoflurane	13-23	interleukin 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	106-128
32626997-11	2020	Furthermore, isoflurane exposure promoted the activation of microglia and caspase-1, and the secretion of interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-18, all of which were alleviated following PYPAF1 silencing.	Isoflurane	13-23	interleukin 18	Rattus norvegicus	133-138
32626997-12	2020	Moreover, isoflurane exposure induced neuronal apoptosis, elevated the levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3, and inhibited the expression of Bcl-2; all of these effects were partially abrogated following PYPAF1 silencing.	Isoflurane	10-20	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	81-84
32626997-12	2020	Moreover, isoflurane exposure induced neuronal apoptosis, elevated the levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3, and inhibited the expression of Bcl-2; all of these effects were partially abrogated following PYPAF1 silencing.	Isoflurane	10-20	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	97-106
32626997-12	2020	Moreover, isoflurane exposure induced neuronal apoptosis, elevated the levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3, and inhibited the expression of Bcl-2; all of these effects were partially abrogated following PYPAF1 silencing.	Isoflurane	10-20	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	140-145
32467161-6	2020	General anesthetics, such as chloroform, isoflurane, diethyl ether, xenon, and propofol, disrupt lipid rafts and activate PLD2.	Isoflurane	41-51	phospholipase D2	Homo sapiens	122-126
32188832-9	2020	The results indicated that isoflurane exposure inhibited NSC viability and proliferation, promoted NSC apoptosis as well as increased caspase-3 activation and down-regulated the expressions of p-Akt and p-GSK-3beta in NSCs, and that isoflurane exposure on neonatal mice would induce late cognitive impairment.	Isoflurane	27-37	caspase 3	Mus musculus	134-143
32467161-3	2020	Here we show that inhaled anesthetics (chloroform and isoflurane) activate TREK-1 through disruption of phospholipase D2 (PLD2) localization to lipid rafts and subsequent production of signaling lipid phosphatidic acid (PA).	Isoflurane	54-64	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens	75-81
32467161-3	2020	Here we show that inhaled anesthetics (chloroform and isoflurane) activate TREK-1 through disruption of phospholipase D2 (PLD2) localization to lipid rafts and subsequent production of signaling lipid phosphatidic acid (PA).	Isoflurane	54-64	phospholipase D2	Homo sapiens	104-120
32467161-3	2020	Here we show that inhaled anesthetics (chloroform and isoflurane) activate TREK-1 through disruption of phospholipase D2 (PLD2) localization to lipid rafts and subsequent production of signaling lipid phosphatidic acid (PA).	Isoflurane	54-64	phospholipase D2	Homo sapiens	122-126
32188832-9	2020	The results indicated that isoflurane exposure inhibited NSC viability and proliferation, promoted NSC apoptosis as well as increased caspase-3 activation and down-regulated the expressions of p-Akt and p-GSK-3beta in NSCs, and that isoflurane exposure on neonatal mice would induce late cognitive impairment.	Isoflurane	27-37	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	195-198
32188832-9	2020	The results indicated that isoflurane exposure inhibited NSC viability and proliferation, promoted NSC apoptosis as well as increased caspase-3 activation and down-regulated the expressions of p-Akt and p-GSK-3beta in NSCs, and that isoflurane exposure on neonatal mice would induce late cognitive impairment.	Isoflurane	27-37	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	Mus musculus	205-214
32188832-11	2020	Addinonally, the protective effects of L-theanine on isoflurane-injured NSCs could be reversed by Akt inhibitor Triciribine.	Isoflurane	53-63	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	98-101
32633405-0	2020	Neuroprotective effect of DUSP14 overexpression against isoflurane-induced inflammatory response, pyroptosis and cognitive impairment in aged rats through inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome.	Isoflurane	56-66	dual specificity phosphatase 14	Rattus norvegicus	26-32
32633405-0	2020	Neuroprotective effect of DUSP14 overexpression against isoflurane-induced inflammatory response, pyroptosis and cognitive impairment in aged rats through inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome.	Isoflurane	56-66	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Rattus norvegicus	170-175
32633405-11	2020	RESULTS: Isoflurane exposure led to brain injury, inflammatory response, cognitive dysfunction in aged rats and decreased the expression of DUSP14.	Isoflurane	9-19	dual specificity phosphatase 14	Rattus norvegicus	140-146
32633405-12	2020	Overexpression of DUSP14 could inhibit apoptosis, inflammation, pyroptosis, brain tissue damage, and improve cognitive dysfunction of aged rats after isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	150-160	dual specificity phosphatase 14	Rattus norvegicus	18-24
32633405-14	2020	CONCLUSIONS: DUSP14 may effectively protect against isoflurane-induced neuro-inflammation, brain damage and cognitive dysfunction, indicating that DUSP14 may be a potential predictor and therapeutic target for POCD.	Isoflurane	52-62	dual specificity phosphatase 14	Rattus norvegicus	13-19
32633405-14	2020	CONCLUSIONS: DUSP14 may effectively protect against isoflurane-induced neuro-inflammation, brain damage and cognitive dysfunction, indicating that DUSP14 may be a potential predictor and therapeutic target for POCD.	Isoflurane	52-62	dual specificity phosphatase 14	Rattus norvegicus	147-153
32268932-3	2020	We hypothesized that both Bup and BupSR would significantly decrease the required minimum alveolar concentration(MAC) of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	121-131	COMM domain containing 3	Mus musculus	26-29
32897214-4	2020	The protective effect of isoflurane preconditioning against hepatic I/R injury was evaluated by assessing the pathological score of HE staining of the liver tissue and serum ALT and AST levels.	Isoflurane	25-35	glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble	Mus musculus	174-177
32897214-4	2020	The protective effect of isoflurane preconditioning against hepatic I/R injury was evaluated by assessing the pathological score of HE staining of the liver tissue and serum ALT and AST levels.	Isoflurane	25-35	transmembrane protease, serine 11d	Mus musculus	182-185
32897214-8	2020	Serum ALT and AST levels significantly increased in the sham group (P < 0.05), and were significantly lower in isoflurane group than in I/R group (P < 0.05).	Isoflurane	111-121	glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble	Mus musculus	6-9
32897214-8	2020	Serum ALT and AST levels significantly increased in the sham group (P < 0.05), and were significantly lower in isoflurane group than in I/R group (P < 0.05).	Isoflurane	111-121	transmembrane protease, serine 11d	Mus musculus	14-17
32897214-9	2020	The serum levels of IL-1beta and IL-18 were significantly higher in I/R group than in sham group (P < 0.05), and were significantly lower in isoflurane group than in I/R group (P < 0.05).	Isoflurane	141-151	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	20-28
32897214-9	2020	The serum levels of IL-1beta and IL-18 were significantly higher in I/R group than in sham group (P < 0.05), and were significantly lower in isoflurane group than in I/R group (P < 0.05).	Isoflurane	141-151	interleukin 18	Mus musculus	33-38
32897214-10	2020	The expression of GSDMD in the I/R group was significantly higher than that in sham group, and was significantly lower in isoflurane group than in I/R group (P < 0.05).	Isoflurane	122-132	gasdermin D	Mus musculus	18-23
32268932-9	2020	Analysis showed that both Bup and BupSR significantly decreased isoflurane requirements by 25.5% and 14.4%, respectively.	Isoflurane	64-74	COMM domain containing 3	Mus musculus	26-29
31933141-0	2020	Up-regulation of miR-106a targets LIMK1 and contributes to cognitive impairment induced by isoflurane anesthesia in mice.	Isoflurane	91-101	microRNA 106a	Mus musculus	17-25
31987857-6	2020	RESULTS: All the investigated VAs (chloroform, halothane, isoflurane, sevoflurane) inhibited both the agonist-induced (pregnenolone sulfate, CIM0216) and heat-activated Ca2+ signals and transmembrane currents in a concentration dependent way in HEK293T cells overexpressing recombinant TRPM3.	Isoflurane	58-68	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 3	Homo sapiens	286-291
31533001-9	2020	To conclude, this study demonstrated that miR-24 could attenuate isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in rat hippocampus via anti-oxidative stress function and inhibiting p27kip1 expression.	Isoflurane	65-75	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B	Rattus norvegicus	167-174
31933141-2	2020	OBJECTIVE: To explore the role and potential mechanism of miR-106a in isoflurane anesthesia-induced cognitive impairment.	Isoflurane	70-80	microRNA 106a	Mus musculus	58-66
31981008-6	2020	Careful motion-correction image acquisition, and avoiding repeated exposure to isoflurane, facilitates detection of hippocampus CA1 laminae oxidative stress with QUEnch-assiSTed (QUEST) MRI.	Isoflurane	79-89	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	128-131
31933141-10	2020	Decreased expression levels of miR-106a improved the cognitive impairment of the mice treated with isoflurane.	Isoflurane	99-109	microRNA 106a	Mus musculus	31-39
31981008-7	2020	Intriguingly, age- and isoflurane-related oxidative stress is localized to the stratum lacunosum of the CA1 region.	Isoflurane	23-33	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	104-107
31933141-11	2020	Intrahippocampally injected antagomir of miR-106a also increased LIMK1 and Bcl-2 levels, decreased the BAX and cleaved caspase3 expression levels in the mice treated with isoflurane.	Isoflurane	171-181	microRNA 106a	Mus musculus	41-49
31933141-11	2020	Intrahippocampally injected antagomir of miR-106a also increased LIMK1 and Bcl-2 levels, decreased the BAX and cleaved caspase3 expression levels in the mice treated with isoflurane.	Isoflurane	171-181	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	75-80
31933141-11	2020	Intrahippocampally injected antagomir of miR-106a also increased LIMK1 and Bcl-2 levels, decreased the BAX and cleaved caspase3 expression levels in the mice treated with isoflurane.	Isoflurane	171-181	BCL2-associated X protein	Mus musculus	103-106
31933141-12	2020	CONCLUSION: Decrease of LIMK1 expression by miR-106a played an important role in isoflurane anesthesia-induced cognitive impairment.	Isoflurane	81-91	LIM-domain containing, protein kinase	Mus musculus	24-29
31933141-12	2020	CONCLUSION: Decrease of LIMK1 expression by miR-106a played an important role in isoflurane anesthesia-induced cognitive impairment.	Isoflurane	81-91	microRNA 106a	Mus musculus	44-52
31950542-0	2020	HDAC1 and HDAC2 regulate anti-inflammatory effects of anesthetic isoflurane in human monocytes.	Isoflurane	65-75	histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
31950542-0	2020	HDAC1 and HDAC2 regulate anti-inflammatory effects of anesthetic isoflurane in human monocytes.	Isoflurane	65-75	histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens	10-15
31950542-3	2020	Pre-exposure of 1.5% isoflurane for 0.5 h induced anti-inflammatory effects (measured by cytokine production of TNF-alpha, IL-8, and IL-1beta) in both human THP-1 cells and primary human peripheral blood monocytes stimulated by lipopolysaccharide.	Isoflurane	21-31	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	112-121
31950542-3	2020	Pre-exposure of 1.5% isoflurane for 0.5 h induced anti-inflammatory effects (measured by cytokine production of TNF-alpha, IL-8, and IL-1beta) in both human THP-1 cells and primary human peripheral blood monocytes stimulated by lipopolysaccharide.	Isoflurane	21-31	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	123-127
31950542-3	2020	Pre-exposure of 1.5% isoflurane for 0.5 h induced anti-inflammatory effects (measured by cytokine production of TNF-alpha, IL-8, and IL-1beta) in both human THP-1 cells and primary human peripheral blood monocytes stimulated by lipopolysaccharide.	Isoflurane	21-31	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	133-141
31950542-5	2020	Trichostatin A also blocked isoflurane-upregulated HDAC1-3 expression and isoflurane-reduced nuclear translocation of p65 and p50 subunits of NF-kappaB.	Isoflurane	28-38	histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens	51-56
31950542-5	2020	Trichostatin A also blocked isoflurane-upregulated HDAC1-3 expression and isoflurane-reduced nuclear translocation of p65 and p50 subunits of NF-kappaB.	Isoflurane	74-84	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	118-121
31950542-5	2020	Trichostatin A also blocked isoflurane-upregulated HDAC1-3 expression and isoflurane-reduced nuclear translocation of p65 and p50 subunits of NF-kappaB.	Isoflurane	74-84	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	126-129
31950542-6	2020	The ability of isoflurane to reduce NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and pro-inflammatory responses in the cell line were blocked by gene-silencing of HDAC1 and HDAC2, but not by gene-silencing of HDAC3.	Isoflurane	15-25	histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens	150-155
31950542-6	2020	The ability of isoflurane to reduce NF-kappaB nuclear translocation and pro-inflammatory responses in the cell line were blocked by gene-silencing of HDAC1 and HDAC2, but not by gene-silencing of HDAC3.	Isoflurane	15-25	histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens	160-165
31950542-7	2020	A co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assay demonstrated that the decreased interaction between HDAC1 and HDAC2 through lipopolysaccharide was restored by isoflurane pre-treatment.	Isoflurane	150-160	histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens	91-96
31950542-7	2020	A co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assay demonstrated that the decreased interaction between HDAC1 and HDAC2 through lipopolysaccharide was restored by isoflurane pre-treatment.	Isoflurane	150-160	histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens	101-106
31678237-9	2020	In conclusion, this study provided evidence that Dex could alleviate isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity through inhibition of the TLR2/NF-kappaB signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	69-79	toll-like receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	128-132
31950542-8	2020	These findings were validated in primary human peripheral blood monocytes wherein gene-silencing of HDAC1 and HDAC2 resulted in increased cytokine production and NF-kappaB nuclear translocation induced by isoflurane pre-exposure and LPS stimulation.	Isoflurane	205-215	histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens	100-105
31950542-8	2020	These findings were validated in primary human peripheral blood monocytes wherein gene-silencing of HDAC1 and HDAC2 resulted in increased cytokine production and NF-kappaB nuclear translocation induced by isoflurane pre-exposure and LPS stimulation.	Isoflurane	205-215	histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens	110-115
31950542-9	2020	These results indicate that anti-inflammatory effects of the volatile anesthetic isoflurane in human monocytes involve regulation of HDAC1 and HDAC2.	Isoflurane	81-91	histone deacetylase 1	Homo sapiens	133-138
31950542-9	2020	These results indicate that anti-inflammatory effects of the volatile anesthetic isoflurane in human monocytes involve regulation of HDAC1 and HDAC2.	Isoflurane	81-91	histone deacetylase 2	Homo sapiens	143-148
32258113-0	2020	Isoflurane Postconditioning Upregulates Phosphorylated Connexin 43 in the Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model and Is Probably Associated with the TGF-beta1/Smad2/3 Signaling Pathway.	Isoflurane	0-10	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	55-66
32258113-0	2020	Isoflurane Postconditioning Upregulates Phosphorylated Connexin 43 in the Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model and Is Probably Associated with the TGF-beta1/Smad2/3 Signaling Pathway.	Isoflurane	0-10	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	149-158
32258113-0	2020	Isoflurane Postconditioning Upregulates Phosphorylated Connexin 43 in the Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion Model and Is Probably Associated with the TGF-beta1/Smad2/3 Signaling Pathway.	Isoflurane	0-10	SMAD family member 2	Rattus norvegicus	159-166
32258113-11	2020	Conclusion: Isoflurane postconditioning (ISPOC) may alleviate cerebral I/R injury through upregulating the expression of p-Cx43, and the TGF-beta1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway may be involved in the process.beta1 (TGF.	Isoflurane	12-22	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Rattus norvegicus	123-127
31678237-0	2020	Dexmedetomidine pretreatment attenuates isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity via inhibiting the TLR2/NF-kappaB signaling pathway in neonatal rats.	Isoflurane	40-50	toll-like receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	92-96
31678237-2	2020	In our study, we explored the effects of Dex on isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity through the TLR2/NF-kappaB signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	48-58	toll-like receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	93-97
31678237-6	2020	Consequently, we found isoflurane inhalation resulted in increased cell apoptosis, inflammation and TLR2/NF-kappaB signaling pathway activation, and decreased PSD95 expression and spatial learning and memory abilities.	Isoflurane	23-33	toll-like receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	100-104
31678237-6	2020	Consequently, we found isoflurane inhalation resulted in increased cell apoptosis, inflammation and TLR2/NF-kappaB signaling pathway activation, and decreased PSD95 expression and spatial learning and memory abilities.	Isoflurane	23-33	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	159-164
32048972-0	2020	Isoflurane preconditioning protects the myocardium against ischemia and reperfusion injury by upregulating GRM1 expression.	Isoflurane	0-10	glutamate receptor, metabotropic 1	Mus musculus	107-111
31926429-5	2020	Isoflurane at sub-anesthetic concentrations increased the spontaneous firing rate of CA3 pyramidal neurons, whereas anesthetic concentrations of isoflurane decreased the firing rate.	Isoflurane	0-10	carbonic anhydrase 3	Mus musculus	85-88
31926429-6	2020	Isoflurane at sub-anesthetic concentrations enhanced NALCN conductance but minimally inhibited Nav currents.	Isoflurane	0-10	sodium leak channel, non-selective	Mus musculus	53-58
31926429-9	2020	Isoflurane at low concentrations induced hyperactivity in vivo, which was diminished in NALCN knockdown mice.	Isoflurane	0-10	sodium leak channel, non-selective	Mus musculus	88-93
31926429-10	2020	In conclusion, enhancement of NALCN by isoflurane contributes to its bidirectional modulation of neuronal excitability and the hyperactivity during induction.	Isoflurane	39-49	sodium leak channel, non-selective	Mus musculus	30-35
32011832-0	2020	Vitexin improves neuron apoptosis and memory impairment induced by isoflurane via regulation of miR-409 expression.	Isoflurane	67-77	microRNA 409	Homo sapiens	96-103
32011832-12	2020	Further testing showed that isoflurane could significantly decrease the cell viability and increase the apoptosis of PC-12, the expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-6) and ROS (p < 0.05).	Isoflurane	28-38	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	166-175
32011832-12	2020	Further testing showed that isoflurane could significantly decrease the cell viability and increase the apoptosis of PC-12, the expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-6) and ROS (p < 0.05).	Isoflurane	28-38	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	180-184
32011832-15	2020	Further studies showed that overexpression of miR-409 could significantly promote the effect of vitexin on isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity (p < 0.05).	Isoflurane	107-117	microRNA 409	Homo sapiens	46-53
32011832-17	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Vitexin has protective effects against isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity by targeting miR-409 and the AMPK/GSK3beta pathway.	Isoflurane	52-62	microRNA 409	Homo sapiens	98-105
32011832-17	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Vitexin has protective effects against isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity by targeting miR-409 and the AMPK/GSK3beta pathway.	Isoflurane	52-62	protein kinase AMP-activated non-catalytic subunit beta 1	Homo sapiens	114-118
32011832-17	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Vitexin has protective effects against isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity by targeting miR-409 and the AMPK/GSK3beta pathway.	Isoflurane	52-62	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	119-127
32048972-9	2020	RESULTS: ISO preconditioning significantly reduced the IR induced infarct volumes and reversed the GRM1 protein expression level in I/R induced myocardial injury.	Isoflurane	9-12	glutamate receptor, metabotropic 1	Mus musculus	99-103
32048972-11	2020	CONCLUSION: The results of the present study have demonstrated that the expression of GRM1 provides a protective role in ISO preconditioning against I/R-induced myocardial infarction by reduce the oxidative stress and DNA damage.	Isoflurane	121-124	glutamate receptor, metabotropic 1	Mus musculus	86-90
31493241-5	2020	We hypothesized that both acute application of H2O2 and an early exposure (at PND 7) to GA consisting of midazolam (9 mg/kg), 70% nitrous oxide, and 0.75% isoflurane can affect excitability of subicular neurons and that superoxide dismutase and catalase mimetic, EUK-134, may reverse GA-mediated hyperexcitability in the subiculum.	Isoflurane	155-165	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	245-253
32337958-0	2020	Neuroprotective effects of isoflurane against lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation in BV2 microglial cells by regulating HMGB1/TLRs pathway.	Isoflurane	27-37	high mobility group box 1	Mus musculus	129-134
32337958-6	2020	Furthermore, we demonstrated that overexpression of high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) could reverse the reduction in NO concentration, enhancement of cell BV2 viability and inhibition of inflammatory response, which were mediated by isoflurane in LPS-induced BV2 cells.	Isoflurane	241-251	high mobility group box 1	Mus musculus	52-77
32337958-6	2020	Furthermore, we demonstrated that overexpression of high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) could reverse the reduction in NO concentration, enhancement of cell BV2 viability and inhibition of inflammatory response, which were mediated by isoflurane in LPS-induced BV2 cells.	Isoflurane	241-251	high mobility group box 1	Mus musculus	87-92
32337958-7	2020	Therefore, we suggested that isoflurane inhibits the activation of LPS-induced neuro microglia and reduces the release of inflammatory factors by regulating HMGB1, suggesting that isoflurane might play a protective role in LPS-induced neuroinflammation through the HMGB1 pathway.	Isoflurane	29-39	high mobility group box 1	Mus musculus	157-162
32337958-7	2020	Therefore, we suggested that isoflurane inhibits the activation of LPS-induced neuro microglia and reduces the release of inflammatory factors by regulating HMGB1, suggesting that isoflurane might play a protective role in LPS-induced neuroinflammation through the HMGB1 pathway.	Isoflurane	29-39	high mobility group box 1	Mus musculus	265-270
32337958-7	2020	Therefore, we suggested that isoflurane inhibits the activation of LPS-induced neuro microglia and reduces the release of inflammatory factors by regulating HMGB1, suggesting that isoflurane might play a protective role in LPS-induced neuroinflammation through the HMGB1 pathway.	Isoflurane	180-190	high mobility group box 1	Mus musculus	157-162
32337958-7	2020	Therefore, we suggested that isoflurane inhibits the activation of LPS-induced neuro microglia and reduces the release of inflammatory factors by regulating HMGB1, suggesting that isoflurane might play a protective role in LPS-induced neuroinflammation through the HMGB1 pathway.	Isoflurane	180-190	high mobility group box 1	Mus musculus	265-270
29886761-6	2020	Isoflurane-induced elevated cleaved caspase-3, Bad, and Bax expression, were down-regulated on paeonol administration.	Isoflurane	0-10	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
29886761-9	2020	Isoflurane-induced activation of JNK/p38MAPK signaling and suppressed ERK signaling and were effectively regulated by paeonol.	Isoflurane	0-10	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
29886761-9	2020	Isoflurane-induced activation of JNK/p38MAPK signaling and suppressed ERK signaling and were effectively regulated by paeonol.	Isoflurane	0-10	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
31535657-10	2020	Downregulation of hippocampal D1 dopamine receptors and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3beta/total glycogen synthase kinase-3beta and upregulation of catechol-O-methyltransferase may be associated with differing memory performance after exposure to isoflurane or sevoflurane.	Isoflurane	258-268	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Mus musculus	159-187
31535657-11	2020	These results confirm that sevoflurane has less effect on cognitive impairment than isoflurane, which may be related to expression of D1 dopamine receptors and catechol-O-methyltransferase and phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta in the hippocampus.	Isoflurane	84-94	catechol-O-methyltransferase	Mus musculus	160-188
31535657-11	2020	These results confirm that sevoflurane has less effect on cognitive impairment than isoflurane, which may be related to expression of D1 dopamine receptors and catechol-O-methyltransferase and phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta in the hippocampus.	Isoflurane	84-94	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Mus musculus	212-242
31535661-10	2020	Taken together, our findings suggest that GLYX-13 pretreatment alleviates isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction by protecting against perturbation of the NR2B/CaMKII/CREB signaling pathway in the hippocampus.	Isoflurane	74-84	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA2B (epsilon 2)	Mus musculus	157-161
31535661-10	2020	Taken together, our findings suggest that GLYX-13 pretreatment alleviates isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction by protecting against perturbation of the NR2B/CaMKII/CREB signaling pathway in the hippocampus.	Isoflurane	74-84	calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, beta	Mus musculus	162-168
31535661-10	2020	Taken together, our findings suggest that GLYX-13 pretreatment alleviates isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction by protecting against perturbation of the NR2B/CaMKII/CREB signaling pathway in the hippocampus.	Isoflurane	74-84	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	169-173
31672664-11	2020	Pretreatment with ifenprodil and downregulated calpain-2 expression significantly alleviated these neurotoxicity responses and cognitive deficiency after isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	154-164	calpain 2	Rattus norvegicus	47-56
31672664-12	2020	CONCLUSIONS: A significant increase in NR2B, excessive activation of calpain-2 and increased cleavage of plasmalemmal KCC2, are involved in isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity and long-term cognitive deficiency.	Isoflurane	140-150	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	39-43
31672664-12	2020	CONCLUSIONS: A significant increase in NR2B, excessive activation of calpain-2 and increased cleavage of plasmalemmal KCC2, are involved in isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity and long-term cognitive deficiency.	Isoflurane	140-150	calpain 2	Rattus norvegicus	69-78
31672664-12	2020	CONCLUSIONS: A significant increase in NR2B, excessive activation of calpain-2 and increased cleavage of plasmalemmal KCC2, are involved in isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity and long-term cognitive deficiency.	Isoflurane	140-150	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	118-122
31672664-14	2020	The KCC2 cleavage mediated by NR2B and calpain-2 is a major determinant of isoflurane-induced long-term cognitive deficiency.	Isoflurane	75-85	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	4-8
31672664-14	2020	The KCC2 cleavage mediated by NR2B and calpain-2 is a major determinant of isoflurane-induced long-term cognitive deficiency.	Isoflurane	75-85	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	30-34
31672664-14	2020	The KCC2 cleavage mediated by NR2B and calpain-2 is a major determinant of isoflurane-induced long-term cognitive deficiency.	Isoflurane	75-85	calpain 2	Rattus norvegicus	39-48
32062618-0	2020	Isoflurane-induced expression of miR-140-5p aggravates neurotoxicity in diabetic rats by targeting SNX12.	Isoflurane	0-10	microRNA 140	Rattus norvegicus	33-40
32062618-0	2020	Isoflurane-induced expression of miR-140-5p aggravates neurotoxicity in diabetic rats by targeting SNX12.	Isoflurane	0-10	sorting nexin 12	Rattus norvegicus	99-104
32062618-3	2020	The present study was designed to investigate the role and mechanism of miR-140-5p on isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in diabetic rats.	Isoflurane	86-96	microRNA 140	Rattus norvegicus	72-79
32062618-6	2020	Secondly, miR-140-5p was up-regulated in diabetic rats treated with isoflurane.	Isoflurane	68-78	microRNA 140	Rattus norvegicus	10-17
32062618-9	2020	At last, the neuroprotective effect of miR-140-5p knockdown against isoflurane-aggravated neurotoxicity in diabetic rats was dependent on up-regulation of SNX12 and inhibition of cell apoptosis.	Isoflurane	68-78	sorting nexin 12	Rattus norvegicus	155-160
32062618-10	2020	In summary, these meaningful results demonstrated the mitigation of miR-140-5p knockdown against isoflurane-aggravated neurotoxicity in diabetic rats via SNX12, suggesting a novel target for neuroprotection in diabetes under isoflurane treatment.	Isoflurane	97-107	sorting nexin 12	Rattus norvegicus	154-159
32062618-10	2020	In summary, these meaningful results demonstrated the mitigation of miR-140-5p knockdown against isoflurane-aggravated neurotoxicity in diabetic rats via SNX12, suggesting a novel target for neuroprotection in diabetes under isoflurane treatment.	Isoflurane	225-235	sorting nexin 12	Rattus norvegicus	154-159
31672664-0	2020	NR2B receptor- and calpain-mediated KCC2 cleavage resulted in cognitive deficiency exposure to isoflurane.	Isoflurane	95-105	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
31672664-0	2020	NR2B receptor- and calpain-mediated KCC2 cleavage resulted in cognitive deficiency exposure to isoflurane.	Isoflurane	95-105	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	36-40
31672664-7	2020	RESULTS: There was a significant increase in the level of NR2B instead of NR2A exposure to isoflurane.	Isoflurane	91-101	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A	Rattus norvegicus	74-78
31672664-8	2020	Calpain-2 was excessively activated via NR2B after 6 h of isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	58-68	calpain 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-9
31672664-8	2020	Calpain-2 was excessively activated via NR2B after 6 h of isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	58-68	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	40-44
31672664-9	2020	The expression of plasmalemmal KCC2 and 4.1 N protein was significantly decreased treated with isoflurane.	Isoflurane	95-105	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	31-45
31894125-0	2019	Isoflurane preconditioning protects hepatocytes from oxygen glucose deprivation injury by regulating FoxO6.	Isoflurane	0-10	forkhead box O6	Homo sapiens	101-106
31704096-0	2019	Neuroprotection of miR-214 against isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity involves the PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway in human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y.	Isoflurane	35-45	microRNA 214	Homo sapiens	19-26
31704096-0	2019	Neuroprotection of miR-214 against isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity involves the PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway in human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y.	Isoflurane	35-45	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	81-85
31704096-0	2019	Neuroprotection of miR-214 against isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity involves the PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway in human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y.	Isoflurane	35-45	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	91-94
31704096-2	2019	The present study aimed to illustrate the effects and underlying mechanisms of miR-214 on isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y.	Isoflurane	90-100	microRNA 214	Homo sapiens	79-86
31704096-7	2019	We found that isoflurane exposure induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells, as evidenced by the reduced cell viability, increased LDH release, apoptotic rate, caspase-3/7 activity, and oxidative stress levels.	Isoflurane	14-24	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	157-166
31704096-8	2019	Moreover, isoflurane exposure decreased the expression of miR-214 and affected the PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway in SH-SY5Y cells.	Isoflurane	10-20	microRNA 214	Homo sapiens	58-65
31704096-8	2019	Moreover, isoflurane exposure decreased the expression of miR-214 and affected the PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway in SH-SY5Y cells.	Isoflurane	10-20	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	83-87
31220224-5	2019	In the second set of experiments, fetal brains exposed to isoflurane at E16 had diminished expression of the reelin and glutamic acid decarboxylase 67, proteins critical for neuronal migration.	Isoflurane	58-68	reelin	Rattus norvegicus	109-115
31704096-8	2019	Moreover, isoflurane exposure decreased the expression of miR-214 and affected the PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway in SH-SY5Y cells.	Isoflurane	10-20	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	93-96
31704096-9	2019	miR-214 overexpression significantly suppressed isoflurane-induced viability reduction, LDH release, apoptosis and oxidative stress, as well as inactivation of the PI3K/Akt pathway in SH-SY5Y cells.	Isoflurane	48-58	microRNA 214	Homo sapiens	0-7
31704096-11	2019	Moreover, PTEN upregulation blocked the effects of miR-214 on isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells.	Isoflurane	62-72	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	10-14
31704096-11	2019	Moreover, PTEN upregulation blocked the effects of miR-214 on isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells.	Isoflurane	62-72	microRNA 214	Homo sapiens	51-58
31704096-12	2019	In conclusion, miR-214 protected against isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells via regulation of PI3K/Akt pathway by targeting PTEN, contributing to better understanding the underlying mechanisms of anesthetics-induce neurotoxicity.	Isoflurane	41-51	microRNA 214	Homo sapiens	15-22
31704096-12	2019	In conclusion, miR-214 protected against isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells via regulation of PI3K/Akt pathway by targeting PTEN, contributing to better understanding the underlying mechanisms of anesthetics-induce neurotoxicity.	Isoflurane	41-51	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	114-117
31704096-12	2019	In conclusion, miR-214 protected against isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells via regulation of PI3K/Akt pathway by targeting PTEN, contributing to better understanding the underlying mechanisms of anesthetics-induce neurotoxicity.	Isoflurane	41-51	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	139-143
31894125-4	2019	In this study, we explored the role and mechanism of FoxO6 in the protective effect of isoflurane preconditioning during hepatocyte injury caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD).	Isoflurane	87-97	forkhead box O6	Homo sapiens	53-58
31131895-0	2019	microRNA-124 attenuates isoflurane-induced neurological deficits in neonatal rats via binding to EGR1.	Isoflurane	24-34	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	97-101
31131895-8	2019	In response to isoflurane exposure, miR-124 expression was reduced and EGR1 expression was increased in the hippocampal tissues and neurons.	Isoflurane	15-25	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-75
31131895-12	2019	Upregulated miR-124 inhibited the expression of EGR1, by which mechanism miR-124 reduced the neurological deficits induced by isoflurane in neonatal rats through inhibiting apoptosis of hippocampal neurons.	Isoflurane	126-136	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-52
31894125-6	2019	Data showed that 3% isoflurane preconditioning inhibited FoxO6 expression, caspase-3 activity, and reactive oxygen species production and promoted cell viability.	Isoflurane	20-30	forkhead box O6	Homo sapiens	57-62
31894125-6	2019	Data showed that 3% isoflurane preconditioning inhibited FoxO6 expression, caspase-3 activity, and reactive oxygen species production and promoted cell viability.	Isoflurane	20-30	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	75-84
31894125-7	2019	FoxO6 overexpression abolished the effects of 3% isoflurane preconditioning on caspase-3 activity, reactive oxygen species production, and cell viability in these cells.	Isoflurane	49-59	forkhead box O6	Homo sapiens	0-5
31894125-7	2019	FoxO6 overexpression abolished the effects of 3% isoflurane preconditioning on caspase-3 activity, reactive oxygen species production, and cell viability in these cells.	Isoflurane	49-59	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	79-88
31894125-8	2019	Moreover, FoxO6 regulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) expression via c-Myc after 3% isoflurane preconditioning and OGD exposure.	Isoflurane	105-115	forkhead box O6	Homo sapiens	10-15
31894125-8	2019	Moreover, FoxO6 regulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) expression via c-Myc after 3% isoflurane preconditioning and OGD exposure.	Isoflurane	105-115	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	26-67
31894125-8	2019	Moreover, FoxO6 regulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) expression via c-Myc after 3% isoflurane preconditioning and OGD exposure.	Isoflurane	105-115	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	69-73
31894125-8	2019	Moreover, FoxO6 regulated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf2) expression via c-Myc after 3% isoflurane preconditioning and OGD exposure.	Isoflurane	105-115	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	90-95
31894125-9	2019	Thus, isoflurane preconditioning prevented OGD-induced injury in LO2 cells by modulating FoxO6, c-Myc, and Nrf2 signaling.	Isoflurane	6-16	forkhead box O6	Homo sapiens	89-94
31894125-9	2019	Thus, isoflurane preconditioning prevented OGD-induced injury in LO2 cells by modulating FoxO6, c-Myc, and Nrf2 signaling.	Isoflurane	6-16	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	96-101
31894125-9	2019	Thus, isoflurane preconditioning prevented OGD-induced injury in LO2 cells by modulating FoxO6, c-Myc, and Nrf2 signaling.	Isoflurane	6-16	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	107-111
31803045-0	2019	Melatonin and Rapamycin Attenuate Isoflurane-Induced Cognitive Impairment Through Inhibition of Neuroinflammation by Suppressing the mTOR Signaling in the Hippocampus of Aged Mice.	Isoflurane	34-44	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Mus musculus	133-137
31746297-0	2019	Isoflurane-induced miR-140-5p aggravates neurotoxicity in diabetic rats by targeting SNX12.	Isoflurane	0-10	microRNA 140	Rattus norvegicus	19-26
31746297-0	2019	Isoflurane-induced miR-140-5p aggravates neurotoxicity in diabetic rats by targeting SNX12.	Isoflurane	0-10	sorting nexin 12	Rattus norvegicus	85-90
31746297-3	2019	The present study was designed to explore the role and mechanism of miR-140-5p on isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in diabetic rats.	Isoflurane	82-92	microRNA 140	Rattus norvegicus	68-75
31675483-0	2019	Volatile anesthetics isoflurane and sevoflurane directly target and attenuate Toll-like receptor 4 system.	Isoflurane	21-31	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	78-98
31675483-3	2019	In septic mice, the commonly used volatile anesthetic isoflurane attenuated the production of 5-lipoxygenase products and IL-10 and reduced CD11b and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression on neutrophils, suggesting the attenuation of TLR4 signaling.	Isoflurane	54-64	arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase	Mus musculus	94-108
31675483-3	2019	In septic mice, the commonly used volatile anesthetic isoflurane attenuated the production of 5-lipoxygenase products and IL-10 and reduced CD11b and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression on neutrophils, suggesting the attenuation of TLR4 signaling.	Isoflurane	54-64	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	122-127
31675483-3	2019	In septic mice, the commonly used volatile anesthetic isoflurane attenuated the production of 5-lipoxygenase products and IL-10 and reduced CD11b and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression on neutrophils, suggesting the attenuation of TLR4 signaling.	Isoflurane	54-64	integrin alpha M	Mus musculus	140-145
31675483-3	2019	In septic mice, the commonly used volatile anesthetic isoflurane attenuated the production of 5-lipoxygenase products and IL-10 and reduced CD11b and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression on neutrophils, suggesting the attenuation of TLR4 signaling.	Isoflurane	54-64	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	150-183
31675483-3	2019	In septic mice, the commonly used volatile anesthetic isoflurane attenuated the production of 5-lipoxygenase products and IL-10 and reduced CD11b and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression on neutrophils, suggesting the attenuation of TLR4 signaling.	Isoflurane	54-64	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	241-245
31675483-5	2019	The binding sites of volatile anesthetics isoflurane and sevoflurane were located near critical residues for TLR4-MD-2 complex formation and TLR4-MD-2-LPS dimerization.	Isoflurane	42-52	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	109-113
31675483-5	2019	The binding sites of volatile anesthetics isoflurane and sevoflurane were located near critical residues for TLR4-MD-2 complex formation and TLR4-MD-2-LPS dimerization.	Isoflurane	42-52	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	141-145
31675483-7	2019	Considering the important role of TLR4 system in the perioperative settings, these findings suggest the possibility that anesthetic choice may modulate the outcome in patients or surgical cases in which TLR4 activation is expected.-Okuno, T., Koutsogiannaki, S., Hou, L., Bu, W., Ohto, U., Eckenhoff, R. G., Yokomizo, T., Yuki, K. Volatile anesthetics isoflurane and sevoflurane directly target and attenuate toll-like receptor 4 system.	Isoflurane	352-362	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	203-207
31746297-5	2019	Expression of miR-140-5p in diabetic rats under isoflurane treatment was evaluated via qRT-PCR (quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction).	Isoflurane	48-58	microRNA 140	Rattus norvegicus	14-21
31746297-9	2019	MiR-140-5p was up-regulated in diabetic rats under isoflurane treatment.	Isoflurane	51-61	microRNA 140	Rattus norvegicus	0-7
31746297-12	2019	The neuroprotective effect of miR-140-5p against isoflurane-aggravated neurotoxicity in diabetic rats dependent on up-regulation of SNX12 and inhibition of cell apoptosis.	Isoflurane	49-59	microRNA 140	Rattus norvegicus	30-37
31746297-12	2019	The neuroprotective effect of miR-140-5p against isoflurane-aggravated neurotoxicity in diabetic rats dependent on up-regulation of SNX12 and inhibition of cell apoptosis.	Isoflurane	49-59	sorting nexin 12	Rattus norvegicus	132-137
31436548-2	2019	We tested the hypothesis that isoflurane causes a lasting disruption in myelin development via actions on the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway.	Isoflurane	30-40	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	110-139
31746297-13	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Knockdown of miR-140-5p relieved isoflurane-aggravated neurotoxicity in diabetic rats through targeting SNX12, suggesting a novel target for neuroprotection in diabetes under isoflurane treatment.	Isoflurane	46-56	microRNA 140	Rattus norvegicus	26-33
31746297-13	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Knockdown of miR-140-5p relieved isoflurane-aggravated neurotoxicity in diabetic rats through targeting SNX12, suggesting a novel target for neuroprotection in diabetes under isoflurane treatment.	Isoflurane	46-56	sorting nexin 12	Rattus norvegicus	117-122
31746297-13	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Knockdown of miR-140-5p relieved isoflurane-aggravated neurotoxicity in diabetic rats through targeting SNX12, suggesting a novel target for neuroprotection in diabetes under isoflurane treatment.	Isoflurane	188-198	microRNA 140	Rattus norvegicus	26-33
31746297-13	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Knockdown of miR-140-5p relieved isoflurane-aggravated neurotoxicity in diabetic rats through targeting SNX12, suggesting a novel target for neuroprotection in diabetes under isoflurane treatment.	Isoflurane	188-198	sorting nexin 12	Rattus norvegicus	117-122
31545984-5	2019	Other volatile anesthetics, including isoflurane, enflurane, and halothane, induced IL-6 mRNA in fetal brains as well as sevoflurane, but propofol did not.	Isoflurane	38-48	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	84-88
31650158-0	2019	Beclin1-mediated ferroptosis activation is associated with isoflurane-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.	Isoflurane	59-69	beclin 1	Homo sapiens	0-7
31650158-5	2019	In addition, isoflurane upregulated Beclin1 phosphorylation, followed by the formation of a Beclin1-solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) complex, which affected the activity of cystine/glutamate antipoter and further regulated ferroptotic cell death.	Isoflurane	13-23	beclin 1	Homo sapiens	36-43
31650158-5	2019	In addition, isoflurane upregulated Beclin1 phosphorylation, followed by the formation of a Beclin1-solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) complex, which affected the activity of cystine/glutamate antipoter and further regulated ferroptotic cell death.	Isoflurane	13-23	beclin 1	Homo sapiens	92-99
31650158-5	2019	In addition, isoflurane upregulated Beclin1 phosphorylation, followed by the formation of a Beclin1-solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) complex, which affected the activity of cystine/glutamate antipoter and further regulated ferroptotic cell death.	Isoflurane	13-23	solute carrier family 7 member 11	Homo sapiens	100-133
31650158-5	2019	In addition, isoflurane upregulated Beclin1 phosphorylation, followed by the formation of a Beclin1-solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) complex, which affected the activity of cystine/glutamate antipoter and further regulated ferroptotic cell death.	Isoflurane	13-23	solute carrier family 7 member 11	Homo sapiens	135-142
31650158-6	2019	Accordingly, Beclin1 overexpression aggravated isoflurane-induced cell damage by upregulating ferroptosis.	Isoflurane	47-57	beclin 1	Homo sapiens	13-20
31650158-8	2019	These findings indicate that Beclin1 may regulate ferroptosis in a manner involving inhibition of glutamate exchange activity of system xc(-), which is implicated in isoflurane-induced toxicity.	Isoflurane	166-176	beclin 1	Homo sapiens	29-36
31436548-14	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Early postnatal exposure to isoflurane in mice causes lasting disruptions of oligodendrocyte development in the hippocampus via actions on the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway.	Isoflurane	41-51	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	156-185
31652451-0	2019	Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates isoflurane/surgery-induced cognitive disorders and sirtuin 3 dysfunction.	Isoflurane	27-37	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3A	Mus musculus	12-15
31555994-0	2019	TGF-beta2/Smad3 Signaling Pathway Activation Through Enhancing VEGF and CD34 Ameliorates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury After Isoflurane Post-conditioning in Rats.	Isoflurane	132-142	transforming growth factor, beta 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-9
31555994-0	2019	TGF-beta2/Smad3 Signaling Pathway Activation Through Enhancing VEGF and CD34 Ameliorates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury After Isoflurane Post-conditioning in Rats.	Isoflurane	132-142	SMAD family member 3	Rattus norvegicus	10-15
31197433-0	2019	Isoflurane produces antidepressant effects inducing BDNF-TrkB signaling in CUMS mice.	Isoflurane	0-10	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	52-56
31197433-0	2019	Isoflurane produces antidepressant effects inducing BDNF-TrkB signaling in CUMS mice.	Isoflurane	0-10	neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2	Mus musculus	57-61
31197433-2	2019	Recently, isoflurane was found to activate the tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling which is the underlying mechanism of the rapid antidepressant ketamine.	Isoflurane	10-20	neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2	Mus musculus	47-76
31197433-2	2019	Recently, isoflurane was found to activate the tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) signaling which is the underlying mechanism of the rapid antidepressant ketamine.	Isoflurane	10-20	neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2	Mus musculus	78-82
31197433-7	2019	RESULTS: A brief burst-suppressing isoflurane anesthesia rapidly reversed the behavioral deficits caused by CUMS procedure, normalized the expression of BDNF and further activated the TrkB signaling pathway in CUMS-induced stressed mice in both prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HC).	Isoflurane	35-45	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	153-157
31197433-7	2019	RESULTS: A brief burst-suppressing isoflurane anesthesia rapidly reversed the behavioral deficits caused by CUMS procedure, normalized the expression of BDNF and further activated the TrkB signaling pathway in CUMS-induced stressed mice in both prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HC).	Isoflurane	35-45	neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2	Mus musculus	184-188
31197433-9	2019	Isoflurane significantly promoted the formation of dendritic spines in both medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), CA1, CA3, and DG of the hippocampus.	Isoflurane	0-10	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	109-112
31197433-9	2019	Isoflurane significantly promoted the formation of dendritic spines in both medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), CA1, CA3, and DG of the hippocampus.	Isoflurane	0-10	carbonic anhydrase 3	Mus musculus	114-117
31197433-10	2019	CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that isoflurane exerts a rapid antidepressant-like effect in CUMS depression animal model, and the activation of BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway plays an indispensable role in the biological and behavioral antidepressant effects of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	37-47	neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2	Mus musculus	150-154
31197433-10	2019	CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that isoflurane exerts a rapid antidepressant-like effect in CUMS depression animal model, and the activation of BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway plays an indispensable role in the biological and behavioral antidepressant effects of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	260-270	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	145-149
31197433-10	2019	CONCLUSION: Our study indicates that isoflurane exerts a rapid antidepressant-like effect in CUMS depression animal model, and the activation of BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway plays an indispensable role in the biological and behavioral antidepressant effects of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	260-270	neurotrophic tyrosine kinase, receptor, type 2	Mus musculus	150-154
31618823-4	2019	Here, we used a mouse model to test the hypothesis that early developmental exposure to isoflurane causes cellular and molecular alteration in the pain perception circuitry that causes a predisposition to chronic, neuropathic pain via a pathologic upregulation of the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	88-98	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	303-307
31600350-2	2019	Here, we show that repeated exposures of neonatal and old triple transgenic AD (3xTg) and non-transgenic (NonTg) mice to isoflurane (Iso) distinctly increased neurodegeneration as measured by S100beta levels, intracellular Abeta, Tau oligomerization, and apoptotic markers.	Isoflurane	121-131	S100 calcium binding protein A1	Mus musculus	192-200
31600350-2	2019	Here, we show that repeated exposures of neonatal and old triple transgenic AD (3xTg) and non-transgenic (NonTg) mice to isoflurane (Iso) distinctly increased neurodegeneration as measured by S100beta levels, intracellular Abeta, Tau oligomerization, and apoptotic markers.	Isoflurane	121-131	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	223-228
31600350-2	2019	Here, we show that repeated exposures of neonatal and old triple transgenic AD (3xTg) and non-transgenic (NonTg) mice to isoflurane (Iso) distinctly increased neurodegeneration as measured by S100beta levels, intracellular Abeta, Tau oligomerization, and apoptotic markers.	Isoflurane	133-136	S100 calcium binding protein A1	Mus musculus	192-200
31600350-2	2019	Here, we show that repeated exposures of neonatal and old triple transgenic AD (3xTg) and non-transgenic (NonTg) mice to isoflurane (Iso) distinctly increased neurodegeneration as measured by S100beta levels, intracellular Abeta, Tau oligomerization, and apoptotic markers.	Isoflurane	133-136	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	223-228
31250275-0	2019	Isoflurane-Induced Postoperative Neurovascular and Cognitive Dysfunction Is Associated with VEGF Overexpression in Aged Rats.	Isoflurane	0-10	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	92-96
31399212-0	2019	Orexin activated emergence from isoflurane anaesthesia involves excitation of ventral tegmental area dopaminergic neurones in rats.	Isoflurane	32-42	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
31399212-7	2019	RESULTS: Injection of orexin-A (100 pmol) into the VTA reduced emergence time [from 949 (118) to 727 (101) s; P=0.0058] and reduced the electroencephalographic burst-suppression ratio (BSR) (26.6 [10.2]% vs 44.3 [6.8]%; P=0.0027) during isoflurane anaesthesia.	Isoflurane	237-247	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	22-30
31399212-11	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Orexin promotes emergence from isoflurane anaesthesia through activation of dopaminergic neurones in the VTA.	Isoflurane	44-54	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	13-19
31250275-4	2019	VEGF protein expression was increased in the hippocampus after isoflurane exposure, suggesting that inhalation anaesthesia induces hippocampal VEGF protein overexpression in aged rats.	Isoflurane	63-73	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
31250275-4	2019	VEGF protein expression was increased in the hippocampus after isoflurane exposure, suggesting that inhalation anaesthesia induces hippocampal VEGF protein overexpression in aged rats.	Isoflurane	63-73	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	143-147
31250275-6	2019	Inhibition of VEGF also significantly attenuated the isoflurane-induced cognitive deficits in the Morris water maze task.	Isoflurane	53-63	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
31250275-7	2019	Together, our findings show, for the first time, that elevated expression of brain VEGF after isoflurane exposure contributes to POCD in aged rats.	Isoflurane	94-104	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	83-87
31311447-0	2019	Ulinastatin attenuates isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in aged rats by inhibiting neuroinflammation and beta-amyloid peptide expression in the brain.	Isoflurane	23-33	alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor	Rattus norvegicus	0-11
31311447-2	2019	This study was designed to explore the mechanisms for ulinastatin (UTI) to attenuate isoflurane-induced cognitive decline in Fischer-344 rats.	Isoflurane	85-95	alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor	Rattus norvegicus	54-65
31311447-11	2019	Conclusion: These results suggest that UTI inhibits neuronal apoptosis in rat brain by attenuating increased expression of Abeta42 and inflammatory cytokines, which may contribute to its alleviation of isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats.	Isoflurane	202-212	alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
31311447-12	2019	Moreover, UTI pre-treatment before isoflurane exposure showed more effective than post-treatment.	Isoflurane	35-45	alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor	Rattus norvegicus	10-13
31311447-2	2019	This study was designed to explore the mechanisms for ulinastatin (UTI) to attenuate isoflurane-induced cognitive decline in Fischer-344 rats.	Isoflurane	85-95	alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
31311447-5	2019	of 100,000 U/kg UTI followed by 1.2% isoflurane exposure).	Isoflurane	37-47	alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor	Rattus norvegicus	16-19
31311447-9	2019	The ratio of apoptotic cells and the expression of cleaved caspase-3 were increased after isoflurane exposure, indicating that isoflurane could induce neuronal apoptosis, while both pre- and post-treatment with UTI could diminish these effects.	Isoflurane	90-100	alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor	Rattus norvegicus	211-214
31311447-10	2019	Moreover, UTI inhibited the expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and Abeta induced by isoflurane in rat brain harvested at 16 h after isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	83-93	alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor	Rattus norvegicus	10-13
31311447-10	2019	Moreover, UTI inhibited the expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and Abeta induced by isoflurane in rat brain harvested at 16 h after isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	83-93	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	42-51
31311447-10	2019	Moreover, UTI inhibited the expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and Abeta induced by isoflurane in rat brain harvested at 16 h after isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	83-93	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	53-61
31311447-10	2019	Moreover, UTI inhibited the expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and Abeta induced by isoflurane in rat brain harvested at 16 h after isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	131-141	alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor	Rattus norvegicus	10-13
31311447-10	2019	Moreover, UTI inhibited the expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and Abeta induced by isoflurane in rat brain harvested at 16 h after isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	131-141	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	42-51
31356232-0	2019	Syntaxin1A Neomorphic Mutations Promote Rapid Recovery from Isoflurane Anesthesia in Drosophila melanogaster.	Isoflurane	60-70	Syntaxin 1A	Drosophila melanogaster	0-10
31356232-3	2019	Hypothesizing that recovery from anesthesia may involve a presynaptic component, the authors tested whether syntaxin1A mutations facilitated recovery from isoflurane anesthesia in Drosophila melanogaster.	Isoflurane	155-165	Syntaxin 1A	Drosophila melanogaster	108-118
31356232-7	2019	RESULTS: Drosophila expressing a truncated syntaxin1A (syx, n = 40) were resistant to isoflurane induction for a behavioral responsiveness endpoint (ED50 0.30 +- 0.01% isoflurane, P &lt; 0.001) compared with control (0.240 +- 0.002% isoflurane, n = 40).	Isoflurane	86-96	Syntaxin 1A	Drosophila melanogaster	43-53
31356232-7	2019	RESULTS: Drosophila expressing a truncated syntaxin1A (syx, n = 40) were resistant to isoflurane induction for a behavioral responsiveness endpoint (ED50 0.30 +- 0.01% isoflurane, P &lt; 0.001) compared with control (0.240 +- 0.002% isoflurane, n = 40).	Isoflurane	86-96	Syntaxin 1A	Drosophila melanogaster	55-58
31356232-7	2019	RESULTS: Drosophila expressing a truncated syntaxin1A (syx, n = 40) were resistant to isoflurane induction for a behavioral responsiveness endpoint (ED50 0.30 +- 0.01% isoflurane, P &lt; 0.001) compared with control (0.240 +- 0.002% isoflurane, n = 40).	Isoflurane	168-178	Syntaxin 1A	Drosophila melanogaster	43-53
31356232-7	2019	RESULTS: Drosophila expressing a truncated syntaxin1A (syx, n = 40) were resistant to isoflurane induction for a behavioral responsiveness endpoint (ED50 0.30 +- 0.01% isoflurane, P &lt; 0.001) compared with control (0.240 +- 0.002% isoflurane, n = 40).	Isoflurane	168-178	Syntaxin 1A	Drosophila melanogaster	55-58
31356232-7	2019	RESULTS: Drosophila expressing a truncated syntaxin1A (syx, n = 40) were resistant to isoflurane induction for a behavioral responsiveness endpoint (ED50 0.30 +- 0.01% isoflurane, P &lt; 0.001) compared with control (0.240 +- 0.002% isoflurane, n = 40).	Isoflurane	168-178	Syntaxin 1A	Drosophila melanogaster	43-53
31356232-7	2019	RESULTS: Drosophila expressing a truncated syntaxin1A (syx, n = 40) were resistant to isoflurane induction for a behavioral responsiveness endpoint (ED50 0.30 +- 0.01% isoflurane, P &lt; 0.001) compared with control (0.240 +- 0.002% isoflurane, n = 40).	Isoflurane	168-178	Syntaxin 1A	Drosophila melanogaster	55-58
31356232-8	2019	Recovery from isoflurane anesthesia was also faster, with syx-expressing flies showing greater levels of responsiveness earlier in recovery (reaction proportion 0.66 +- 0.48, P &lt; 0.001, n = 68) than controls (0.22 +- 0.42, n = 68 and 0.33 +- 0.48, n = 66).	Isoflurane	14-24	Syntaxin 1A	Drosophila melanogaster	58-61
31356232-11	2019	CONCLUSIONS: The same neomorphic syntaxin1A mutation that confers isoflurane resistance in cell culture and nematodes also produces isoflurane resistance in Drosophila.	Isoflurane	66-76	Syntaxin 1A	Drosophila melanogaster	33-43
31356232-11	2019	CONCLUSIONS: The same neomorphic syntaxin1A mutation that confers isoflurane resistance in cell culture and nematodes also produces isoflurane resistance in Drosophila.	Isoflurane	132-142	Syntaxin 1A	Drosophila melanogaster	33-43
31389588-0	2019	Adiponectin improves isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in elderly rats via inhibiting p38-MAPK signal pathway in hippocampus.	Isoflurane	21-31	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	0-11
30821219-0	2019	Isoflurane exposure in infant rats acutely increases aquaporin 4 and does not cause neurocognitive impairment.	Isoflurane	0-10	aquaporin 4	Rattus norvegicus	53-64
30821219-6	2019	Acute (P11) and long-term (P33) effects of 6-hour anesthetic isoflurane exposure on AQP4 expression were analyzed in whole brains of P11 and P33 rats by RT-qPCR and Western blot.	Isoflurane	61-71	aquaporin 4	Rattus norvegicus	84-88
30821219-6	2019	Acute (P11) and long-term (P33) effects of 6-hour anesthetic isoflurane exposure on AQP4 expression were analyzed in whole brains of P11 and P33 rats by RT-qPCR and Western blot.	Isoflurane	61-71	S100 calcium binding protein A10	Rattus norvegicus	133-136
30821219-8	2019	The analysis revealed that isoflurane increased acutely both mRNA (~4.5 fold) and protein (~90%) levels of AQP4 in P11 rats compared with control group.	Isoflurane	27-37	aquaporin 4	Rattus norvegicus	107-111
30821219-8	2019	The analysis revealed that isoflurane increased acutely both mRNA (~4.5 fold) and protein (~90%) levels of AQP4 in P11 rats compared with control group.	Isoflurane	27-37	S100 calcium binding protein A10	Rattus norvegicus	115-118
30821219-12	2019	In this case, acutely increased AQP4 after isoflurane anesthesia may have a protective role in neurocognition.	Isoflurane	43-53	aquaporin 4	Rattus norvegicus	32-36
31317263-0	2019	Isoflurane induces c-Fos expression in the area postrema of the rat.	Isoflurane	0-10	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	19-24
31317263-3	2019	In this study, we assessed whether isoflurane induced the expression of c-Fos, a neuronal activation marker, in the area postrema (AP), the locus of the CTZ, in rats, which do not have vomiting action.	Isoflurane	35-45	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	72-77
31317263-7	2019	RESULTS: One-way analysis of variance showed that isoflurane exposure significantly increased c-Fos expression in the AP; however, the rats pretreated with 4 mg/kg ondansetron showed significantly decreased c-Fos expression.	Isoflurane	50-60	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	94-99
31389588-0	2019	Adiponectin improves isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in elderly rats via inhibiting p38-MAPK signal pathway in hippocampus.	Isoflurane	21-31	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	93-96
31389588-1	2019	OBJECTIVE:   To investigate the intervention of exogenous adiponectin in the elderly rats with cognitive dysfunction induced by isoflurane through mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in hippocampus.	Isoflurane	128-138	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	58-69
31389588-9	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Exogenous adiponectin can improve the cognitive dysfunction of the elderly rats after anesthesia using isoflurane, possibly by inhibiting the p38-MAPK signal pathway in hippocampus.	Isoflurane	116-126	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	23-34
31389588-9	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Exogenous adiponectin can improve the cognitive dysfunction of the elderly rats after anesthesia using isoflurane, possibly by inhibiting the p38-MAPK signal pathway in hippocampus.	Isoflurane	116-126	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	155-158
31307382-10	2019	In the isoflurane (not propofol) group, inflammation increased the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (62%, p = 0.0012), heme oxygenase-1 (67%, p = 0.0011), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (31%, p = 0.023) in the brain.	Isoflurane	7-17	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	81-112
30412001-0	2019	TREK-2 Mediates the Neuroprotective Effect of Isoflurane Preconditioning Against Acute Cerebral Ischemia in the Rat.	Isoflurane	46-56	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 10	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
30412001-7	2019	Subsequently, the expression of TREK-2 was regulated by siRNA transfection in the brain to clarify its role in the neuroprotection of isoflurane preconditioning.	Isoflurane	134-144	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 10	Rattus norvegicus	32-38
30412001-12	2019	The downregulation of TREK-2 through siRNA could significantly attenuate the isoflurane preconditioning-induced neuroprotective effects.	Isoflurane	77-87	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 10	Rattus norvegicus	22-28
30412001-13	2019	Isoflurane preconditioning-induced neuroprotective effects against ischemia-reperfusion injury are associated with the increase in TREK-2 channel activation.	Isoflurane	0-10	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 10	Rattus norvegicus	131-137
31340920-0	2019	[Effect of ulinastatin on isoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus of rats].	Isoflurane	26-36	alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor	Rattus norvegicus	11-22
31340920-1	2019	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of ulinastatin pretreatment on isoflurane-induced mitochondria-dependent neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus of rats.	Isoflurane	68-78	alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor	Rattus norvegicus	40-51
31340920-5	2019	RESULTS: Compared with those in the control group, the rats with acute exposure to isoflurane showed markedly increased TUNEL-positive cells in the hippocampus (P &amp;lt; 0.05), which were obviously reduced by ulinastatin pretreatment (P &amp;lt; 0.05).	Isoflurane	83-93	alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor	Rattus norvegicus	211-222
31340920-7	2019	Acute exposure to isoflurane resulted in obviously increased cellular ROS, cytochrome C release and caspase-3 activity in the hippocampal neurons (P &amp;lt; 0.05), and these changes were significantly inhibited by ulinastatin pretreatment (P &amp;lt; 0.05).	Isoflurane	18-28	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	100-109
31340920-7	2019	Acute exposure to isoflurane resulted in obviously increased cellular ROS, cytochrome C release and caspase-3 activity in the hippocampal neurons (P &amp;lt; 0.05), and these changes were significantly inhibited by ulinastatin pretreatment (P &amp;lt; 0.05).	Isoflurane	18-28	alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor	Rattus norvegicus	215-226
31340920-8	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Ulinastatin pretreatment provides neuroprotection against isoflurane-induced apoptosis of the hippocampal neurons in rats possibly by inhibiting mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathway.	Isoflurane	71-81	alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor	Rattus norvegicus	13-24
29113646-1	2019	We aimed to determine whether subcutaneous injection of recombinant canine interferon-gamma (rCaIFN-gamma) 1h before general anesthesia with a combination of propofol and isoflurane (P-I) changes the cytotoxic activity of natural killer (NK) cells during anesthesia in dogs.	Isoflurane	171-181	interferon gamma	Canis lupus familiaris	75-91
31307382-10	2019	In the isoflurane (not propofol) group, inflammation increased the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (62%, p = 0.0012), heme oxygenase-1 (67%, p = 0.0011), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (31%, p = 0.023) in the brain.	Isoflurane	7-17	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	132-148
31307382-10	2019	In the isoflurane (not propofol) group, inflammation increased the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (62%, p = 0.0012), heme oxygenase-1 (67%, p = 0.0011), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (31%, p = 0.023) in the brain.	Isoflurane	7-17	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	172-203
31307382-13	2019	CONCLUSIONS: In the setting of inflammation, rats exposed to isoflurane show increased hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha expression despite a lack of hypoxia, increased oxidative stress in the brain, and increased serum lactate, all of which suggest a relative increase in anaerobic metabolism compared to propofol.	Isoflurane	61-71	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	87-118
30989480-9	2019	Additionally, lidocaine suppressed the ratio of Bax (the apoptosis-promoting protein) to Bcl-2 (the apoptosis-inhibiting protein) caused by isoflurane in H4 cells.	Isoflurane	140-150	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	48-51
31180517-11	2019	LPS-induced apoptosis was facilitated via the expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 like 1 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, which were subsequently restored following treatment with isoflurane and callistephin.	Isoflurane	177-187	poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1	Mus musculus	60-117
31158310-6	2019	The pattern of slow-wave activity induced by low-dose isoflurane was altered in Grin2a KO mice in the 3rd postnatal week and at 1 month of age.	Isoflurane	54-64	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA2A (epsilon 1)	Mus musculus	80-86
30989480-9	2019	Additionally, lidocaine suppressed the ratio of Bax (the apoptosis-promoting protein) to Bcl-2 (the apoptosis-inhibiting protein) caused by isoflurane in H4 cells.	Isoflurane	140-150	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	89-94
31297044-0	2019	TGF-beta2 Induces Gli1 in a Smad3-Dependent Manner Against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury After Isoflurane Post-conditioning in Rats.	Isoflurane	102-112	transforming growth factor, beta 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-9
31297044-0	2019	TGF-beta2 Induces Gli1 in a Smad3-Dependent Manner Against Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury After Isoflurane Post-conditioning in Rats.	Isoflurane	102-112	GLI family zinc finger 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-22
30896808-0	2019	The function of miRNA-153 against isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity via Nrf2/ARE cytoprotection.	Isoflurane	34-44	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	71-75
30935682-0	2019	Serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus mediate the arousal-promoting effect of orexin during isoflurane anesthesia in male rats.	Isoflurane	103-113	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	89-95
30935682-5	2019	Electroencephalogram (EEG) changes were also recorded and analyzed to illuminate the effect of orexin injection into the DRN on cortical excitability under isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	156-166	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	95-101
30935682-8	2019	In contrast, administration of orexin receptor type 1 antagonist SB-334867 (20 mug) prolonged emergence time from isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	114-124	hypocretin receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-53
30935682-9	2019	Microinjection of orexin-A induced an arousal pattern on EEG, and decreased the burst suppression ratio under isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	110-120	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	18-26
30935682-10	2019	Isoflurane anesthesia inhibited the activity of serotonergic neurons, as shown by decrease in the number of c-Fos-immunoreactive serotonergic neurons when compared with the sham group.	Isoflurane	0-10	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	108-113
30676695-3	2019	In the present study, we investigated whether cyclin B1-mediated cell cycle activation pathway is a contributing factor in developmental isoflurane neurotoxicity.	Isoflurane	137-147	cyclin B1	Mus musculus	46-55
30676695-7	2019	RESULTS: We found that isoflurane exposure leads to upregulated expression of cell cycle-related biomarkers Cyclin B1, Phospho-CDK1(Thr-161), Phospho-n-myc and downregulated Phospho-CDK1 (Tyr-15).	Isoflurane	23-33	cyclin B1	Mus musculus	108-117
30676695-7	2019	RESULTS: We found that isoflurane exposure leads to upregulated expression of cell cycle-related biomarkers Cyclin B1, Phospho-CDK1(Thr-161), Phospho-n-myc and downregulated Phospho-CDK1 (Tyr-15).	Isoflurane	23-33	cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Mus musculus	127-131
30676695-7	2019	RESULTS: We found that isoflurane exposure leads to upregulated expression of cell cycle-related biomarkers Cyclin B1, Phospho-CDK1(Thr-161), Phospho-n-myc and downregulated Phospho-CDK1 (Tyr-15).	Isoflurane	23-33	v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral related oncogene, neuroblastoma derived	Mus musculus	150-155
30676695-7	2019	RESULTS: We found that isoflurane exposure leads to upregulated expression of cell cycle-related biomarkers Cyclin B1, Phospho-CDK1(Thr-161), Phospho-n-myc and downregulated Phospho-CDK1 (Tyr-15).	Isoflurane	23-33	cyclin-dependent kinase 1	Mus musculus	182-186
30676695-8	2019	In addition, isoflurane induced increase in Bcl-xL phosphorylation, cytochrome c release, and caspase-3 activation that resulted in neuronal cell death.	Isoflurane	13-23	BCL2-like 1	Mus musculus	44-50
30676695-8	2019	In addition, isoflurane induced increase in Bcl-xL phosphorylation, cytochrome c release, and caspase-3 activation that resulted in neuronal cell death.	Isoflurane	13-23	caspase 3	Mus musculus	94-103
30792243-5	2019	Isoflurane at clinically relevant concentrations induced a hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of steady-state inactivation and slowed recovery from fast inactivation in all three Nav subtypes, with the voltage of half-maximal steady-state inactivation significantly more positive for Nav1.1 (-49.7 +- 3.9 mV) than for Nav1.2 (-57.5 +- 1.2 mV) or Nav1.6 (-58.0 +- 3.8 mV).	Isoflurane	0-10	sodium channel, voltage-gated, type I, alpha	Mus musculus	297-303
30792243-5	2019	Isoflurane at clinically relevant concentrations induced a hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of steady-state inactivation and slowed recovery from fast inactivation in all three Nav subtypes, with the voltage of half-maximal steady-state inactivation significantly more positive for Nav1.1 (-49.7 +- 3.9 mV) than for Nav1.2 (-57.5 +- 1.2 mV) or Nav1.6 (-58.0 +- 3.8 mV).	Isoflurane	0-10	sodium channel, voltage-gated, type II, alpha	Mus musculus	331-337
30792243-5	2019	Isoflurane at clinically relevant concentrations induced a hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of steady-state inactivation and slowed recovery from fast inactivation in all three Nav subtypes, with the voltage of half-maximal steady-state inactivation significantly more positive for Nav1.1 (-49.7 +- 3.9 mV) than for Nav1.2 (-57.5 +- 1.2 mV) or Nav1.6 (-58.0 +- 3.8 mV).	Isoflurane	0-10	sodium channel, voltage-gated, type VIII, alpha	Mus musculus	359-365
30792243-6	2019	Isoflurane significantly inhibited peak Na+ current (I Na) in a voltage-dependent manner: at a physiologically relevant holding potential of -70 mV, isoflurane inhibited peak I Na of Nav1.2 (16.5% +- 5.5%) and Nav1.6 (18.0% +- 7.8%), but not of Nav1.1 (1.2% +- 0.8%).	Isoflurane	0-10	sodium channel, voltage-gated, type II, alpha	Mus musculus	183-189
30792243-6	2019	Isoflurane significantly inhibited peak Na+ current (I Na) in a voltage-dependent manner: at a physiologically relevant holding potential of -70 mV, isoflurane inhibited peak I Na of Nav1.2 (16.5% +- 5.5%) and Nav1.6 (18.0% +- 7.8%), but not of Nav1.1 (1.2% +- 0.8%).	Isoflurane	0-10	sodium channel, voltage-gated, type VIII, alpha	Mus musculus	210-216
30792243-6	2019	Isoflurane significantly inhibited peak Na+ current (I Na) in a voltage-dependent manner: at a physiologically relevant holding potential of -70 mV, isoflurane inhibited peak I Na of Nav1.2 (16.5% +- 5.5%) and Nav1.6 (18.0% +- 7.8%), but not of Nav1.1 (1.2% +- 0.8%).	Isoflurane	0-10	sodium channel, voltage-gated, type I, alpha	Mus musculus	245-251
30792243-6	2019	Isoflurane significantly inhibited peak Na+ current (I Na) in a voltage-dependent manner: at a physiologically relevant holding potential of -70 mV, isoflurane inhibited peak I Na of Nav1.2 (16.5% +- 5.5%) and Nav1.6 (18.0% +- 7.8%), but not of Nav1.1 (1.2% +- 0.8%).	Isoflurane	149-159	sodium channel, voltage-gated, type II, alpha	Mus musculus	183-189
30792243-6	2019	Isoflurane significantly inhibited peak Na+ current (I Na) in a voltage-dependent manner: at a physiologically relevant holding potential of -70 mV, isoflurane inhibited peak I Na of Nav1.2 (16.5% +- 5.5%) and Nav1.6 (18.0% +- 7.8%), but not of Nav1.1 (1.2% +- 0.8%).	Isoflurane	149-159	sodium channel, voltage-gated, type VIII, alpha	Mus musculus	210-216
30792243-6	2019	Isoflurane significantly inhibited peak Na+ current (I Na) in a voltage-dependent manner: at a physiologically relevant holding potential of -70 mV, isoflurane inhibited peak I Na of Nav1.2 (16.5% +- 5.5%) and Nav1.6 (18.0% +- 7.8%), but not of Nav1.1 (1.2% +- 0.8%).	Isoflurane	149-159	sodium channel, voltage-gated, type I, alpha	Mus musculus	245-251
30792243-7	2019	Since Nav subtypes are differentially expressed both between neuronal types and within neurons, greater inhibition of Nav1.2 and Nav1.6 compared with Nav1.1 could contribute to neurotransmitter-selective effects of isoflurane on synaptic transmission.	Isoflurane	215-225	sodium channel, voltage-gated, type II, alpha	Mus musculus	118-124
30792243-7	2019	Since Nav subtypes are differentially expressed both between neuronal types and within neurons, greater inhibition of Nav1.2 and Nav1.6 compared with Nav1.1 could contribute to neurotransmitter-selective effects of isoflurane on synaptic transmission.	Isoflurane	215-225	neuron navigator 1	Mus musculus	118-122
30792243-7	2019	Since Nav subtypes are differentially expressed both between neuronal types and within neurons, greater inhibition of Nav1.2 and Nav1.6 compared with Nav1.1 could contribute to neurotransmitter-selective effects of isoflurane on synaptic transmission.	Isoflurane	215-225	sodium channel, voltage-gated, type I, alpha	Mus musculus	150-156
31082959-0	2019	Mechanism of Emulsified Isoflurane Postconditioning-Induced Activation of the Nrf2-Antioxidant Response Element Signaling Pathway During Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion: The Relationship With Reactive Oxygen Species.	Isoflurane	24-34	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	78-82
30986231-4	2019	This study aimed to investigate the impact of isoflurane on the growth and migration of derivatives of the renal cell line RCC4.	Isoflurane	46-56	solute carrier family 49 member 4	Homo sapiens	123-127
30712242-0	2019	Cytosolic HMGB1 Mediates Autophagy Activation in an Emulsified Isoflurane Anesthesia Cell Model.	Isoflurane	63-73	high mobility group box 1	Homo sapiens	10-15
30712242-4	2019	However, the effect of intracellular HMGB1 during emulsified isoflurane (EI) exposure is poorly understood.	Isoflurane	61-71	high mobility group box 1	Homo sapiens	37-42
30611001-0	2019	Isoflurane preconditioning ameliorates electromagnetic pulse-induced neural damage by shifting microglia polarization toward anti-inflammatory phenotype via upregulation of SOCS1.	Isoflurane	0-10	suppressor of cytokine signaling 1	Homo sapiens	173-178
31024240-0	2019	Isoflurane Post-conditioning Ameliorates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Enhancing Angiogenesis Through Activating the Shh/Gli Signaling Pathway in Rats.	Isoflurane	0-10	sonic hedgehog signaling molecule	Rattus norvegicus	127-130
31024240-0	2019	Isoflurane Post-conditioning Ameliorates Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Enhancing Angiogenesis Through Activating the Shh/Gli Signaling Pathway in Rats.	Isoflurane	0-10	GLI family zinc finger 1	Rattus norvegicus	131-134
30707122-2	2019	WHAT THIS ARTICLE TELLS US THAT IS NEW: In a tamoxifen-activated astrocyte-specific Ndufs4(KO) mouse, the induction EC50s for tail clamp in both isoflurane and halothane were similar between the control and astrocyte-specific Ndufs4(KO) mice at 3 weeks after 4-hydroxy tamoxifen injection.	Isoflurane	145-155	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S4	Mus musculus	84-90
30798915-10	2019	Several GAs that are commonly used to induce LOC in human patients also activate AMPK (e.g. propofol, sevoflurane, isoflurane, dexmedetomidine, ketamine, midazolam).	Isoflurane	115-125	protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1	Homo sapiens	81-85
30823941-9	2019	At T2, T3, T4, serum cortisol and blood glucose in propofol group were having less increasing pattern, and were lower than those in isoflurane group (all p&lt;0.001), while insulin levels in propofol group were higher than those in isoflurane group (all p&lt;0.001).	Isoflurane	232-242	insulin	Homo sapiens	173-180
30639121-9	2019	RESULTS: In young adult worms exposed to isoflurane, the genetic expressions of C31C9.2, F26H9.5, and Y62E10 A.13 were decreased, and a significant decrease was shown in Y62E10 A.13.	Isoflurane	41-51	O-phosphoserine phosphohydrolase	Caenorhabditis elegans	102-113
30585907-8	2019	The ACh in the hippocampus and serum was decreased after ISO exposure; meanwhile, the expression of ChAT, alpha7-nAChRs, and NR2B was downregulated.	Isoflurane	57-60	choline O-acetyltransferase	Homo sapiens	100-104
30639121-9	2019	RESULTS: In young adult worms exposed to isoflurane, the genetic expressions of C31C9.2, F26H9.5, and Y62E10 A.13 were decreased, and a significant decrease was shown in Y62E10 A.13.	Isoflurane	41-51	O-phosphoserine phosphohydrolase	Caenorhabditis elegans	170-181
30447378-0	2019	Dose-dependent effects of isoflurane on TrkB and GSK3beta signaling: Importance of burst suppression pattern.	Isoflurane	26-36	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	40-44
30447378-0	2019	Dose-dependent effects of isoflurane on TrkB and GSK3beta signaling: Importance of burst suppression pattern.	Isoflurane	26-36	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	49-57
30447378-1	2019	OBJECTIVES: Deep burst-suppressing isoflurane anesthesia regulates signaling pathways connected with antidepressant responses in the rodent brain: activation of TrkB neurotrophin receptor and inhibition of GSK3beta kinase (glycogen synthase kinase 3beta).	Isoflurane	35-45	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	161-165
30447378-1	2019	OBJECTIVES: Deep burst-suppressing isoflurane anesthesia regulates signaling pathways connected with antidepressant responses in the rodent brain: activation of TrkB neurotrophin receptor and inhibition of GSK3beta kinase (glycogen synthase kinase 3beta).	Isoflurane	35-45	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	206-214
30447378-1	2019	OBJECTIVES: Deep burst-suppressing isoflurane anesthesia regulates signaling pathways connected with antidepressant responses in the rodent brain: activation of TrkB neurotrophin receptor and inhibition of GSK3beta kinase (glycogen synthase kinase 3beta).	Isoflurane	35-45	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	223-253
30447378-8	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane dose-dependently regulates TrkB and GSK3beta signaling and dosing associated with therapeutic outcomes in depressed patients produces most prominent effects.	Isoflurane	13-23	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	51-55
30447378-8	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane dose-dependently regulates TrkB and GSK3beta signaling and dosing associated with therapeutic outcomes in depressed patients produces most prominent effects.	Isoflurane	13-23	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	60-68
30585907-8	2019	The ACh in the hippocampus and serum was decreased after ISO exposure; meanwhile, the expression of ChAT, alpha7-nAChRs, and NR2B was downregulated.	Isoflurane	57-60	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Homo sapiens	125-129
30787593-9	2019	Conclusion: We can conclude that ketamine prevented the cognitive impairment induced by isoflurane anesthesia through anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects via the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3beta pathway.	Isoflurane	88-98	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	194-203
30787593-0	2019	Neuroprotective potential of ketamine prevents developing brain structure impairment and alteration of neurocognitive function induced via isoflurane through the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3beta pathway.	Isoflurane	139-149	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	167-170
30530044-0	2019	Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway contributes to isoflurane postconditioning against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and is possibly related to the transforming growth factorbeta1/Smad3 signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	50-60	Wnt family member 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
30787593-0	2019	Neuroprotective potential of ketamine prevents developing brain structure impairment and alteration of neurocognitive function induced via isoflurane through the PI3K/AKT/GSK-3beta pathway.	Isoflurane	139-149	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	171-180
30787593-1	2019	Background: The aim of the current experimental study was to scrutinize the neuroprotective effect of ketamine on the isoflurane (iso)-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats via phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta) pathway.	Isoflurane	118-128	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit beta	Rattus norvegicus	177-202
30787593-1	2019	Background: The aim of the current experimental study was to scrutinize the neuroprotective effect of ketamine on the isoflurane (iso)-induced cognitive dysfunction in rats via phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK-3beta) pathway.	Isoflurane	118-121	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit beta	Rattus norvegicus	177-202
30601214-2	2019	WHAT THIS ARTICLE TELLS US THAT IS NEW: Neonatal PSD-95 PDZ2WT peptide treatment mimics the effects of isoflurane (~1 minimum alveolar concentration) by altering dendritic spine morphology, neural plasticity, and memory without inducing detectable increases in apoptosis or changes in synaptic density.These results indicate that a single dose of isoflurane (~1 minimum alveolar concentration) or PSD-95 PDZ2WT peptide alters dendritic spine architecture and functions important for cognition in the developing brain.	Isoflurane	103-113	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4	Mus musculus	49-55
30601214-2	2019	WHAT THIS ARTICLE TELLS US THAT IS NEW: Neonatal PSD-95 PDZ2WT peptide treatment mimics the effects of isoflurane (~1 minimum alveolar concentration) by altering dendritic spine morphology, neural plasticity, and memory without inducing detectable increases in apoptosis or changes in synaptic density.These results indicate that a single dose of isoflurane (~1 minimum alveolar concentration) or PSD-95 PDZ2WT peptide alters dendritic spine architecture and functions important for cognition in the developing brain.	Isoflurane	103-113	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4	Mus musculus	397-403
30601214-2	2019	WHAT THIS ARTICLE TELLS US THAT IS NEW: Neonatal PSD-95 PDZ2WT peptide treatment mimics the effects of isoflurane (~1 minimum alveolar concentration) by altering dendritic spine morphology, neural plasticity, and memory without inducing detectable increases in apoptosis or changes in synaptic density.These results indicate that a single dose of isoflurane (~1 minimum alveolar concentration) or PSD-95 PDZ2WT peptide alters dendritic spine architecture and functions important for cognition in the developing brain.	Isoflurane	347-357	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4	Mus musculus	49-55
30601214-14	2019	Prevention of recognition memory and long-term potentiation deficits with a NO donor supports a role for the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor/PSD-95/neuronal NO synthase pathway in mediating these aspects of isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment.	Isoflurane	205-215	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4	Mus musculus	139-145
30530044-0	2019	Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway contributes to isoflurane postconditioning against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and is possibly related to the transforming growth factorbeta1/Smad3 signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	50-60	catenin beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	4-16
30530044-0	2019	Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway contributes to isoflurane postconditioning against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury and is possibly related to the transforming growth factorbeta1/Smad3 signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	50-60	SMAD family member 3	Rattus norvegicus	186-191
30680310-0	2019	Isoflurane Inhibits Dopaminergic Synaptic Vesicle Exocytosis Coupled to CaV2.1 and CaV2.2 in Rat Midbrain Neurons.	Isoflurane	0-10	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 A	Rattus norvegicus	72-78
30779102-1	2019	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of isoflurane on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury through the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	40-50	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	105-141
30779102-11	2019	After intervention with isoflurane, the cardiac function of rats was significantly improved (p<0.01), the pathological damage in myocardial tissues was alleviated, the area of myocardial infarction was reduced (p<0.01), the MDA content declined (p<0.01), the SOD activity was increased (p<0.01), and the expression levels of p-p38 and p-tau protein were decreased (p<0.01).	Isoflurane	24-34	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	327-330
30683137-0	2019	RhoA/rho-kinase, nitric oxide and inflammatory response in LIMA during OPCABG with isoflurane preconditioning.	Isoflurane	83-93	ras homolog family member A	Homo sapiens	0-4
30683137-9	2019	CONCLUSION: Our findings provide some insight that prior interrupted isoflurane administration could regulate miR-221, and downstream effectors (mRNAs) and resulted in actual attenuation of inflammation and spasm of LIMA in patients undergoing OPCABG surgery.	Isoflurane	69-79	microRNA 221	Homo sapiens	110-117
30680310-8	2019	Pharmacological isolation of presynaptic Ca2+ channel subtypes showed that isoflurane inhibited KCl-evoked exocytosis mediated exclusively by either CaV2.1 (P/Q-type Ca2+ channels; 30 +- 5% inhibition; p = 0.0002) or by CaV2.2 (N-type Ca2+ channels; 35 +- 11% inhibition; p = 0.015).	Isoflurane	75-85	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 A	Rattus norvegicus	149-155
30680310-11	2019	Thus, isoflurane inhibits exocytosis from dopaminergic neurons by a mechanism distinct from that in non-dopaminergic neurons involving reduced Ca2+ entry through CaV2.1 and/or CaV2.2.	Isoflurane	6-16	calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 A	Rattus norvegicus	162-168
29931049-0	2019	Vascular endothelial growth factor regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation is involved in isoflurane cardiac preconditioning.	Isoflurane	114-124	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	0-34
30687003-4	2018	We observed in embryonic mouse primary cortical neuronal cultures (day-in-vitro 7) that 6 h of 2% isoflurane exposure was associated with decreased transcription and protein expression of the lipid repair enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4.	Isoflurane	98-108	glutathione peroxidase 4	Mus musculus	212-236
30396079-0	2019	Effects of ADAM2 silencing on isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction via the P13K/Akt signaling pathway in immature rats.	Isoflurane	30-40	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 2	Rattus norvegicus	11-16
30396079-0	2019	Effects of ADAM2 silencing on isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction via the P13K/Akt signaling pathway in immature rats.	Isoflurane	30-40	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	84-87
30396079-2	2019	The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects involved with disintegrin and metallopeptidase domain 2 (ADAM2) silencing on isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction via the P13 K/Akt signaling pathway in immature rats.	Isoflurane	137-147	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 2	Rattus norvegicus	117-122
30396079-2	2019	The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects involved with disintegrin and metallopeptidase domain 2 (ADAM2) silencing on isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction via the P13 K/Akt signaling pathway in immature rats.	Isoflurane	137-147	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	192-195
30396079-10	2019	Our study ultimately identified that ADAM2 silencing alleviates isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction by activating the P13 K/Akt signaling pathway in immature rats.	Isoflurane	64-74	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 2	Rattus norvegicus	37-42
30396079-10	2019	Our study ultimately identified that ADAM2 silencing alleviates isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction by activating the P13 K/Akt signaling pathway in immature rats.	Isoflurane	64-74	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-132
30723536-0	2019	Isoflurane Preconditioning Attenuates Brain Injury Induced by Electromagnetic Pulse via the TLR4/NFkappaB Signaling Pathway.	Isoflurane	0-10	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	92-96
30723536-0	2019	Isoflurane Preconditioning Attenuates Brain Injury Induced by Electromagnetic Pulse via the TLR4/NFkappaB Signaling Pathway.	Isoflurane	0-10	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	97-105
29931049-3	2019	Therefore, this study examined the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in isoflurane cardiac preconditioning.	Isoflurane	88-98	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	43-77
29931049-3	2019	Therefore, this study examined the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in isoflurane cardiac preconditioning.	Isoflurane	88-98	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	79-83
29931049-6	2019	The beneficial effects of isoflurane were blocked by neutralizing antibody against VEGF (nVEGF).	Isoflurane	26-36	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	83-87
29931049-10	2019	The protective effect of isoflurane on CMs was compromised by nVEGF and after VEGF in ECs was inhibited with hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha short hairpin RNA (shRNA).	Isoflurane	25-35	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	63-67
29931049-10	2019	The protective effect of isoflurane on CMs was compromised by nVEGF and after VEGF in ECs was inhibited with hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha short hairpin RNA (shRNA).	Isoflurane	25-35	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	109-140
29931049-12	2019	Conclusion: Isoflurane cardiac preconditioning is associated with VEGF regulation of phosphorylation of eNOS and nitric oxide production.	Isoflurane	12-22	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	66-70
30423425-2	2019	The present study was designed to assess whether other structurally diverse anesthetic agents (pentobarbital, ethanol, chloral hydrate, isoflurane) also impair brain p-MEK to p-ERK signal and increase p-FADD during the particular time course of "sleep" in mice.	Isoflurane	136-146	midkine	Mus musculus	168-171
31647393-0	2019	Dissecting the Biological Effects of Isoflurane through the Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) and microRNAs (miRNAs).	Isoflurane	37-47	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	60-91
31647393-0	2019	Dissecting the Biological Effects of Isoflurane through the Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) and microRNAs (miRNAs).	Isoflurane	37-47	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	93-97
30651766-0	2019	HIF-alpha/PKM2 and PI3K-AKT pathways involved in the protection by dexmedetomidine against isoflurane or bupivacaine-induced apoptosis in hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells.	Isoflurane	91-101	pyruvate kinase, muscle	Mus musculus	10-14
30651766-0	2019	HIF-alpha/PKM2 and PI3K-AKT pathways involved in the protection by dexmedetomidine against isoflurane or bupivacaine-induced apoptosis in hippocampal neuronal HT22 cells.	Isoflurane	91-101	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	24-27
31413236-6	2019	When hypothermia was induced in mice by using isoflurane anesthesia, the short form variant, which encodes full-length functional CIRBP, was predominantly detected.	Isoflurane	46-56	cold inducible RNA binding protein	Mus musculus	130-135
31556575-0	2019	Inactivation of P2YR12 contributes to isoflurane-induced neuronal injury by altering TLR-4/BDNF/TNF-alpha.	Isoflurane	38-48	toll-like receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	85-90
31556575-0	2019	Inactivation of P2YR12 contributes to isoflurane-induced neuronal injury by altering TLR-4/BDNF/TNF-alpha.	Isoflurane	38-48	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	91-95
31556575-0	2019	Inactivation of P2YR12 contributes to isoflurane-induced neuronal injury by altering TLR-4/BDNF/TNF-alpha.	Isoflurane	38-48	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	96-105
31556575-10	2019	In addition, apoptosis of neuronal cells decreased in the prasugrel-treated group, as it ameliorated expression of the PI3K, Bcl-2, Bad, and Akt proteins in the isoflurane-induced neuronal injury rats.	Isoflurane	161-171	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	125-130
31556575-10	2019	In addition, apoptosis of neuronal cells decreased in the prasugrel-treated group, as it ameliorated expression of the PI3K, Bcl-2, Bad, and Akt proteins in the isoflurane-induced neuronal injury rats.	Isoflurane	161-171	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	141-144
30277612-6	2019	RPE cells exposed to isoflurane expressed higher TRAF5 and NF-kappaB than those pretreated with AS, suggesting a critical role of TRAF5 therein.	Isoflurane	21-31	TNF receptor associated factor 5	Homo sapiens	49-54
30277612-6	2019	RPE cells exposed to isoflurane expressed higher TRAF5 and NF-kappaB than those pretreated with AS, suggesting a critical role of TRAF5 therein.	Isoflurane	21-31	TNF receptor associated factor 5	Homo sapiens	130-135
30277612-7	2019	In Morris water maze (MWM) assay, Sprague-Dawley rats pretreated with AS and then exposed to isoflurane spent less time in swimming to the platform, and their TRAF5 expression was significantly lower than those received anesthesia alone.	Isoflurane	93-103	TNF receptor-associated factor 5	Rattus norvegicus	159-164
30277612-9	2019	Although the link between TRAF5 and neurodegeneration requires more in-depth investigations, our study provide a novel hint on the pathological mechanism of isoflurane and suggest a potential target for eliminating persistent side effect of anesthesia.	Isoflurane	157-167	TNF receptor associated factor 5	Homo sapiens	26-31
30205413-3	2019	Isoflurane (ISO), a volatile anesthetic agent routinely used in newborn surgery, has been reported to upregulate heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression.	Isoflurane	12-15	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	131-135
30205413-3	2019	Isoflurane (ISO), a volatile anesthetic agent routinely used in newborn surgery, has been reported to upregulate heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression.	Isoflurane	0-10	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	113-129
30423425-2	2019	The present study was designed to assess whether other structurally diverse anesthetic agents (pentobarbital, ethanol, chloral hydrate, isoflurane) also impair brain p-MEK to p-ERK signal and increase p-FADD during the particular time course of "sleep" in mice.	Isoflurane	136-146	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3	Mus musculus	175-180
30205413-3	2019	Isoflurane (ISO), a volatile anesthetic agent routinely used in newborn surgery, has been reported to upregulate heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression.	Isoflurane	0-10	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	131-135
30205413-3	2019	Isoflurane (ISO), a volatile anesthetic agent routinely used in newborn surgery, has been reported to upregulate heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) expression.	Isoflurane	12-15	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	113-129
30423425-2	2019	The present study was designed to assess whether other structurally diverse anesthetic agents (pentobarbital, ethanol, chloral hydrate, isoflurane) also impair brain p-MEK to p-ERK signal and increase p-FADD during the particular time course of "sleep" in mice.	Isoflurane	136-146	Fas (TNFRSF6)-associated via death domain	Mus musculus	203-207
31251980-3	2019	Here we investigate the mechanism by which isoflurane prevents sensing of the repulsive guidance cue, Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A).	Isoflurane	43-53	semaphorin 3A	Homo sapiens	102-115
31251980-3	2019	Here we investigate the mechanism by which isoflurane prevents sensing of the repulsive guidance cue, Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A).	Isoflurane	43-53	semaphorin 3A	Homo sapiens	117-123
31251980-5	2019	RESULTS: Isoflurane exposure prevents Sema3A induced growth cone collapse.	Isoflurane	9-19	semaphorin 3A	Homo sapiens	38-44
31251980-7	2019	Both a Na-K-Cl cotransporter 1 antagonism (bumetanide, BUM) and a chloride ionophore (IONO) prevent isoflurane from disrupting growth cone sensing of Sema3A.	Isoflurane	100-110	semaphorin 3A	Homo sapiens	150-156
30613136-3	2019	We investigated whether isoflurane cause neurotoxicity to the central nervous system by regulating the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and excitatory amino acid transporter1 (EAAT1) in young rats.	Isoflurane	24-34	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	145-179
30613136-3	2019	We investigated whether isoflurane cause neurotoxicity to the central nervous system by regulating the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) and excitatory amino acid transporter1 (EAAT1) in young rats.	Isoflurane	24-34	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	181-186
30613136-10	2019	However, the -induced increase in NR2A, EAAT1 and caspase-3 and the decrease in NR2B in isoflurane-exposed rats were ameliorated in the rats treated with single or dual doses of dexmedetomidine.	Isoflurane	88-98	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	80-84
30613136-9	2019	Results: Protein levels of NR2A, EAAT1 and caspase-3 were significantly increased in hippocampus of the isoflurane group from 2 h to 3 days, while NR2B levels were decreased.	Isoflurane	104-114	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A	Rattus norvegicus	27-31
30613136-11	2019	Isoflurane-induced neuronal damage in neonatal rats is due in part to the increase in NR2A and EAAT1 and the decrease in NR2B in the hippocampus.	Isoflurane	0-10	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A	Rattus norvegicus	86-90
30613136-9	2019	Results: Protein levels of NR2A, EAAT1 and caspase-3 were significantly increased in hippocampus of the isoflurane group from 2 h to 3 days, while NR2B levels were decreased.	Isoflurane	104-114	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	33-38
30613136-11	2019	Isoflurane-induced neuronal damage in neonatal rats is due in part to the increase in NR2A and EAAT1 and the decrease in NR2B in the hippocampus.	Isoflurane	0-10	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	95-100
30613136-9	2019	Results: Protein levels of NR2A, EAAT1 and caspase-3 were significantly increased in hippocampus of the isoflurane group from 2 h to 3 days, while NR2B levels were decreased.	Isoflurane	104-114	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	43-52
30613136-11	2019	Isoflurane-induced neuronal damage in neonatal rats is due in part to the increase in NR2A and EAAT1 and the decrease in NR2B in the hippocampus.	Isoflurane	0-10	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	121-125
30613136-12	2019	Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine protects the brain against the use of isoflurane through the regulation of NR2A, NR2B and EAAT1.	Isoflurane	66-76	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A	Rattus norvegicus	103-107
30613136-9	2019	Results: Protein levels of NR2A, EAAT1 and caspase-3 were significantly increased in hippocampus of the isoflurane group from 2 h to 3 days, while NR2B levels were decreased.	Isoflurane	104-114	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	147-151
30613136-12	2019	Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine protects the brain against the use of isoflurane through the regulation of NR2A, NR2B and EAAT1.	Isoflurane	66-76	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	109-113
30613136-12	2019	Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine protects the brain against the use of isoflurane through the regulation of NR2A, NR2B and EAAT1.	Isoflurane	66-76	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	118-123
30365086-13	2018	PPAR-alpha and Bcl-2 expression, at the mRNA and protein levels, was significantly reduced in the isoflurane group compared with the control (P&lt;0.05).	Isoflurane	98-108	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	15-20
30316632-3	2018	The continuous use of isoflurane for anesthesia during dynamic imaging acquisition slowed down the excretion of 18F-ASu-BF3 and enabled visualization of PC3 tumor xenografts in mice.	Isoflurane	22-32	forkhead box C2	Mus musculus	120-123
30316632-3	2018	The continuous use of isoflurane for anesthesia during dynamic imaging acquisition slowed down the excretion of 18F-ASu-BF3 and enabled visualization of PC3 tumor xenografts in mice.	Isoflurane	22-32	chromobox 8	Mus musculus	153-156
30365086-13	2018	PPAR-alpha and Bcl-2 expression, at the mRNA and protein levels, was significantly reduced in the isoflurane group compared with the control (P&lt;0.05).	Isoflurane	98-108	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-10
30198359-0	2018	Effects of propofol and isoflurane on excitatory amino acid carrier 1 mRNA and glutathione protein levels in rat hippocampus.	Isoflurane	24-34	solute carrier family 1 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-69
30524241-0	2018	Inhibiting the NLRP3 Inflammasome With MCC950 Ameliorates Isoflurane-Induced Pyroptosis and Cognitive Impairment in Aged Mice.	Isoflurane	58-68	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	15-20
30524241-3	2018	This study explores the protective effects of the NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 on pyroptosis and cognitive impairment in aged mice exposed to isoflurane.	Isoflurane	149-159	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	50-55
30524241-8	2018	We found that isoflurane GA caused upregulations of hippocampal NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and IL-18 and the activation of pyroptosis, which is NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent; this consequently gave rise to neuronal damage and cognitive impairment in aged mice.	Isoflurane	14-24	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	64-69
30524241-8	2018	We found that isoflurane GA caused upregulations of hippocampal NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and IL-18 and the activation of pyroptosis, which is NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent; this consequently gave rise to neuronal damage and cognitive impairment in aged mice.	Isoflurane	14-24	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	90-107
30524241-8	2018	We found that isoflurane GA caused upregulations of hippocampal NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and IL-18 and the activation of pyroptosis, which is NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent; this consequently gave rise to neuronal damage and cognitive impairment in aged mice.	Isoflurane	14-24	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	109-117
30524241-8	2018	We found that isoflurane GA caused upregulations of hippocampal NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and IL-18 and the activation of pyroptosis, which is NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent; this consequently gave rise to neuronal damage and cognitive impairment in aged mice.	Isoflurane	14-24	interleukin 18	Mus musculus	124-129
30524241-8	2018	We found that isoflurane GA caused upregulations of hippocampal NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), and IL-18 and the activation of pyroptosis, which is NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent; this consequently gave rise to neuronal damage and cognitive impairment in aged mice.	Isoflurane	14-24	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	173-178
30524241-9	2018	Interestingly, pretreatment with NLRP3 inflammasome inhibitor MCC950 not only provided a neuroprotective effect against the inflammasome activation but also ameliorated pyroptosis and cognitive impairment in aged mice exposed to isoflurane.	Isoflurane	229-239	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	33-38
30524241-10	2018	Our data demonstrate that pyroptosis is involved in NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in aged mice and suggest that inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome with MCC950 may have clinically therapeutic benefits for elderly patients undertaking GA.	Isoflurane	80-90	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	52-57
30336854-9	2018	CONCLUSIONS: Age-related decrease in OX1R expression is associated with delayed emergence from isoflurane anaesthesia in aged rats.	Isoflurane	95-105	hypocretin receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	37-41
30198359-1	2018	OBJECTIVE: We compared the effects of two anesthetics, isoflurane and propofol, on the nuclear or cytosolic localization of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), mRNA expression levels of excitatory amino acid carrier 1 (EAAC1), and glutathione (GSH) protein levels in the rat hippocampus.	Isoflurane	55-65	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	124-167
30198359-6	2018	CONCLUSION: Treatment with isoflurane or propofol may enhance GSH production by facilitating translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus and increasing EAAC1mRNA expression in the rat hippocampus.	Isoflurane	27-37	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	110-114
30198359-6	2018	CONCLUSION: Treatment with isoflurane or propofol may enhance GSH production by facilitating translocation of Nrf2 into the nucleus and increasing EAAC1mRNA expression in the rat hippocampus.	Isoflurane	27-37	solute carrier family 1 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	147-152
30198359-7	2018	Isoflurane and propofol show similar profiles in EAAC1 expression-associated GSH production.	Isoflurane	0-10	solute carrier family 1 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-54
30040951-0	2018	Sirt1 mediates improvement of isoflurane-induced memory impairment following hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning in middle-aged mice.	Isoflurane	30-40	sirtuin 1	Mus musculus	0-5
30338764-14	2018	The PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which was downregulated following HI insult, was activated by mangiferin and/or isoflurane.	Isoflurane	112-122	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	9-12
30221701-0	2018	BACE1 gene silencing alleviates isoflurane anesthesia-induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction in immature rats by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	32-42	beta-secretase 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
30221701-0	2018	BACE1 gene silencing alleviates isoflurane anesthesia-induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction in immature rats by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	32-42	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	138-141
30221701-2	2018	The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE1) gene silencing on isoflurane anesthesia-induced POCD in immature rats via the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	143-153	beta-secretase 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-116
30221701-2	2018	The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of beta-site amyloid precursor protein cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE1) gene silencing on isoflurane anesthesia-induced POCD in immature rats via the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	143-153	beta-secretase 1	Rattus norvegicus	118-123
30221701-9	2018	Additionally, it was determined that silencing BACE1 improved the pathological state induced by isoflurane anesthesia in immature rats, and attenuated the inflammatory response and the levels of APP and Abeta in hippocampal tissues.	Isoflurane	96-106	beta-secretase 1	Rattus norvegicus	47-52
30221701-11	2018	Taken together, these results indicated that BACE1 gene silencing may improve isoflurane anesthesia-induced POCD in immature rats by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and inhibiting the Abeta generated by APP.	Isoflurane	78-88	beta-secretase 1	Rattus norvegicus	45-50
30221701-11	2018	Taken together, these results indicated that BACE1 gene silencing may improve isoflurane anesthesia-induced POCD in immature rats by activating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and inhibiting the Abeta generated by APP.	Isoflurane	78-88	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	153-156
30177870-12	2018	Using this kit, we found that isoflurane markedly affected brain connectivity compared with that in awake rats, and that the effect was less pronounced, but still significant, when light isoflurane sedation was used instead.	Isoflurane	30-40	KIT proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	11-14
30278199-0	2018	Effect of melatonin on attenuating the isoflurane-induced oxidative damage is related to PKCalpha/Nrf2 signaling pathway in developing rats.	Isoflurane	39-49	protein kinase C, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	89-97
30278199-0	2018	Effect of melatonin on attenuating the isoflurane-induced oxidative damage is related to PKCalpha/Nrf2 signaling pathway in developing rats.	Isoflurane	39-49	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	98-102
30278199-4	2018	This study aims to determine whether the effect of melatonin on isoflurane-induced oxidative stress is related to activation of the PKCalpha/Nrf2 signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	64-74	protein kinase C, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	132-140
30278199-4	2018	This study aims to determine whether the effect of melatonin on isoflurane-induced oxidative stress is related to activation of the PKCalpha/Nrf2 signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	64-74	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	141-145
30217191-0	2018	NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis is proposed to be involved in the mechanism of age-dependent isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment.	Isoflurane	101-111	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	0-5
30217191-2	2018	recently published a paper, titled "Critical role of NLRP3-caspase-1 pathway in age-dependent isoflurane-induced microglial inflammatory response and cognitive impairment".	Isoflurane	94-104	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	53-58
30217191-4	2018	Here, we propose that NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis may be involved in the mechanism of age-dependent isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment and discuss that inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation with a novel inhibitor MCC950 may ameliorate age-dependent isoflurane-induced neuro-inflammation.	Isoflurane	112-122	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	22-27
30217191-4	2018	Here, we propose that NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis may be involved in the mechanism of age-dependent isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment and discuss that inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation with a novel inhibitor MCC950 may ameliorate age-dependent isoflurane-induced neuro-inflammation.	Isoflurane	112-122	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	180-185
30217191-4	2018	Here, we propose that NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis may be involved in the mechanism of age-dependent isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment and discuss that inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation with a novel inhibitor MCC950 may ameliorate age-dependent isoflurane-induced neuro-inflammation.	Isoflurane	269-279	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	22-27
30217191-4	2018	Here, we propose that NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent pyroptosis may be involved in the mechanism of age-dependent isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment and discuss that inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation with a novel inhibitor MCC950 may ameliorate age-dependent isoflurane-induced neuro-inflammation.	Isoflurane	269-279	NLR family pyrin domain containing 3	Homo sapiens	180-185
30067911-10	2018	Uncovering chloroform and isoflurane modulatory sites will further our understanding of the TRPV1 molecular machinery and open the possibility of developing site-specific drugs.	Isoflurane	26-36	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Homo sapiens	92-97
30074932-7	2018	Compared to baseline, at their isoflurane EC50, Ndufs4(KO) maintained power in delta (1.08; 1.38), theta (0.36; 0.26), and alpha (0.09; 0.069) frequency bands but decreased in beta (0.041; 0.023) and gamma (0.020; 0.0068) frequency bands (N = 5).	Isoflurane	31-41	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S4	Mus musculus	48-54
30278199-13	2018	These results suggest that the attenuating effect of melatonin on isoflurane-induced oxidative stress is related to activation of the PKCalpha/Nrf2 signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	66-76	protein kinase C, alpha	Rattus norvegicus	134-142
30278199-13	2018	These results suggest that the attenuating effect of melatonin on isoflurane-induced oxidative stress is related to activation of the PKCalpha/Nrf2 signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	66-76	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	143-147
30177870-12	2018	Using this kit, we found that isoflurane markedly affected brain connectivity compared with that in awake rats, and that the effect was less pronounced, but still significant, when light isoflurane sedation was used instead.	Isoflurane	187-197	KIT proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	11-14
30049952-6	2018	Isoflurane exposure increases expression of phospho-S6, a marker of mTOR pathway activity, in a concentration-dependent fashion and this effect occurs throughout neuronal development.	Isoflurane	0-10	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	68-72
30049952-7	2018	The mTOR 1 complex (mTORC1) and the mTOR 2 complex (mTORC2) branches of the pathway are both activated by isoflurane exposure and this is reversible with branch-specific inhibitors.	Isoflurane	106-116	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	4-8
30049952-7	2018	The mTOR 1 complex (mTORC1) and the mTOR 2 complex (mTORC2) branches of the pathway are both activated by isoflurane exposure and this is reversible with branch-specific inhibitors.	Isoflurane	106-116	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	20-24
30049952-7	2018	The mTOR 1 complex (mTORC1) and the mTOR 2 complex (mTORC2) branches of the pathway are both activated by isoflurane exposure and this is reversible with branch-specific inhibitors.	Isoflurane	106-116	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2	Mus musculus	52-58
30049952-7	2018	The mTOR 1 complex (mTORC1) and the mTOR 2 complex (mTORC2) branches of the pathway are both activated by isoflurane exposure and this is reversible with branch-specific inhibitors.	Isoflurane	106-116	CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1	Mus musculus	20-26
29756489-6	2018	Results The MPO level, wet/dry weight ratio, and histopathology scores were lower and the Bcl2a1 and Bcl2l2 expressions were upregulated in both the CLP + sevoflurane and CLP + isoflurane groups compared with the CLP group.	Isoflurane	177-187	BCL2-related protein A1	Rattus norvegicus	90-96
30002419-5	2018	In addition, dFC analysis revealed a dominance of dynamic functional states (dFS) exhibiting modular structure in mice anesthetized with a low dose of isoflurane, while at high isoflurane levels dFS showing widespread unstructured correlation displayed highest weights.	Isoflurane	151-161	dfc	Drosophila melanogaster	13-16
30002419-8	2018	Combining the results of stationary and dynamic FC analysis indicates that increasing isoflurane levels leads to loss of modular network organization, which includes loss of the strong bilateral interactions between homotopic brain areas.	Isoflurane	86-96	dfc	Drosophila melanogaster	48-50
29938552-0	2018	Isoflurane decreases interleukin-2 production by increasing c-Cbl and Cbl-b expression in rat peripheral blood mononuclear cells.	Isoflurane	0-10	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	21-34
29756489-6	2018	Results The MPO level, wet/dry weight ratio, and histopathology scores were lower and the Bcl2a1 and Bcl2l2 expressions were upregulated in both the CLP + sevoflurane and CLP + isoflurane groups compared with the CLP group.	Isoflurane	177-187	Bcl2-like 2	Rattus norvegicus	101-107
29938552-0	2018	Isoflurane decreases interleukin-2 production by increasing c-Cbl and Cbl-b expression in rat peripheral blood mononuclear cells.	Isoflurane	0-10	Cbl proto-oncogene	Rattus norvegicus	60-65
29938552-0	2018	Isoflurane decreases interleukin-2 production by increasing c-Cbl and Cbl-b expression in rat peripheral blood mononuclear cells.	Isoflurane	0-10	Cbl proto-oncogene B	Rattus norvegicus	70-75
29938552-8	2018	Conclusion Isoflurane influences ubiquitin, c-Cbl, and Cbl-b expression in rat PBMCs, indicating suppression of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways.	Isoflurane	11-21	Cbl proto-oncogene	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
29476795-6	2018	RESULTS: Isoflurane increased liver, kidney and brain ALA-S activity of AIP females but only affected kidney AIP males.	Isoflurane	9-19	aminolevulinic acid synthase 1	Mus musculus	54-59
29938552-8	2018	Conclusion Isoflurane influences ubiquitin, c-Cbl, and Cbl-b expression in rat PBMCs, indicating suppression of receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways.	Isoflurane	11-21	Cbl proto-oncogene B	Rattus norvegicus	55-60
29749446-3	2018	In addition, it has been reported that isoflurane can induce caspase-3 activation and is associated with apoptosis of tumor cells.	Isoflurane	39-49	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	61-70
29749446-12	2018	In addition, a molecular mechanism analysis indicated that isoflurane inhibited PI3K and AKT expression in liver cancer cells.	Isoflurane	59-69	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	89-92
29749446-13	2018	Isoflurane also induced caspase-3 activation in liver cancer cells.	Isoflurane	0-10	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	24-33
29749446-15	2018	In conclusion, these findings indicated that isoflurane treatment efficiently attenuated surgical pain and inhibited tumor aggressiveness via regulation of NF-kappaB activity and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thus suggesting that isoflurane is an efficient anesthetic drug that induces pain remission and promotes apoptosis of liver cancer cells.	Isoflurane	45-55	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	188-191
29749446-15	2018	In conclusion, these findings indicated that isoflurane treatment efficiently attenuated surgical pain and inhibited tumor aggressiveness via regulation of NF-kappaB activity and the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, thus suggesting that isoflurane is an efficient anesthetic drug that induces pain remission and promotes apoptosis of liver cancer cells.	Isoflurane	232-242	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	188-191
29674333-0	2018	Intravenous and Intratracheal Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone and Its Analog Taltirelin Reverse Opioid-Induced Respiratory Depression in Isoflurane Anesthetized Rats.	Isoflurane	135-145	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Rattus norvegicus	30-59
28986748-7	2018	Isoflurane, but not desflurane, plus surgery increased escape latency and escape distance in Barnes maze probe test and reduced postsynaptic density-95, synaptophysin, and ATP levels as compared to control condition in AD Tg mice.	Isoflurane	0-10	synaptophysin	Mus musculus	153-166
29476795-8	2018	PBG-D activity was further reduced by Isoflurane in liver male T1; in AIP male mice activity remained in its low basal levels.	Isoflurane	38-48	hydroxymethylbilane synthase	Mus musculus	0-5
29620198-0	2018	Isoflurane-induced postoperative cognitive dysfunction is mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha-dependent neuroinflammation in aged rats.	Isoflurane	0-10	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	70-101
29436370-12	2018	Isoflurane enhanced the analgesic effects of Ac and EA and altered serum S100beta and left sciatic nerve NGF levels in rats with NP.	Isoflurane	0-10	S100 calcium binding protein B	Rattus norvegicus	73-81
29436370-12	2018	Isoflurane enhanced the analgesic effects of Ac and EA and altered serum S100beta and left sciatic nerve NGF levels in rats with NP.	Isoflurane	0-10	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	105-108
29620198-4	2018	The aim of the present study was to determine the role of HIF-1alpha in isoflurane-induced neuroinflammation and the resulting cognitive impairment.	Isoflurane	72-82	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
29620198-5	2018	Following a 4-h exposure to 1.5% isoflurane in 20-month-old rats, increased expression of HIF-1alpha protein, activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB signaling and increased expression of TNF-1alpha were observed in the hippocampus of isoflurane-exposed rats compared with the control group.	Isoflurane	33-43	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	90-100
29620198-6	2018	Pharmacological inhibition of HIF-1alpha activation by 5-[1-(phenylmethyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl]-2-furanmethanol (YC-1) markedly suppressed the enhanced expression of HIF-1alpha, disrupted NF-kappaB signaling pathway activity and inhibited the isoflurane-induced increase of TNF-1alpha expression.	Isoflurane	239-249	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
29620198-6	2018	Pharmacological inhibition of HIF-1alpha activation by 5-[1-(phenylmethyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl]-2-furanmethanol (YC-1) markedly suppressed the enhanced expression of HIF-1alpha, disrupted NF-kappaB signaling pathway activity and inhibited the isoflurane-induced increase of TNF-1alpha expression.	Isoflurane	239-249	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	162-172
29620198-8	2018	These results suggest that hippocampal HIF-1alpha appears to be involved in an upstream mechanism of isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment.	Isoflurane	101-111	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
29661379-4	2018	The volatile anaesthetic isoflurane selectively decreases the frequency of spontaneous excitatory events in hippocampal slices from Ndufs4(KO) mice.	Isoflurane	25-35	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S4	Mus musculus	132-138
29627444-6	2018	Sevoflurane, desflurane, and isoflurane as well as xenon and argon accelerated by a factor of ~1.5 channel desensitization of the main ASICs of the central nervous system: homomeric ASIC1a and heteromeric ASIC1a/2a and ASIC1a/2b.	Isoflurane	29-39	acid-sensing (proton-gated) ion channel 1	Mus musculus	205-211
29627444-6	2018	Sevoflurane, desflurane, and isoflurane as well as xenon and argon accelerated by a factor of ~1.5 channel desensitization of the main ASICs of the central nervous system: homomeric ASIC1a and heteromeric ASIC1a/2a and ASIC1a/2b.	Isoflurane	29-39	acid-sensing (proton-gated) ion channel 1	Mus musculus	205-211
29627444-8	2018	For example, isoflurane accelerated desensitization of homomeric ASIC1a from 1.0 +- 0.4 s (mean +- SD) to 0.6 +- 0.2 s (n = 12; p = 0.0003) and decreased current amplitudes from 12.1 +- 7.5 muA to 9.3 +- 5.6 muA (n = 12; p = 0.0009).	Isoflurane	13-23	acid-sensing (proton-gated) ion channel 1	Mus musculus	65-71
29627444-6	2018	Sevoflurane, desflurane, and isoflurane as well as xenon and argon accelerated by a factor of ~1.5 channel desensitization of the main ASICs of the central nervous system: homomeric ASIC1a and heteromeric ASIC1a/2a and ASIC1a/2b.	Isoflurane	29-39	acid-sensing (proton-gated) ion channel 1	Mus musculus	182-188
29661379-7	2018	RESULTS: Isoflurane specifically inhibits complex I dependent respiration at lower concentrations in mitochondria from Ndufs4(KO) than from wild-type mice.	Isoflurane	9-19	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S4	Mus musculus	119-125
29661379-9	2018	After high frequency stimulation, both Ndufs4(KO) and wild-type hippocampal slices exhibit striking synaptic depression in isoflurane at twice the 50% effective concentrations (EC50).	Isoflurane	123-133	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S4	Mus musculus	39-45
29661379-11	2018	Application of a selective A1 adenosine receptor antagonist partially eliminates isoflurane-induced short-term depression in both wild-type and Ndufs4(KO) slices, implicating an additional mitochondria-dependent effect on exocytosis.	Isoflurane	81-91	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S4	Mus musculus	144-150
29677106-6	2018	Plasma insulin levels were significantly lower in the isoflurane group when compared with those in the other groups, whereas blood FFA levels were increased in the propofol groups when compared with the other groups.	Isoflurane	54-64	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	7-14
29488606-10	2018	Mechanistically, isoflurane promoted PI3K/AKT activation, upregulated B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein and Bcl-2 expression levels, and reduced the expression levels of caspase-3 and caspase-8 in myocardial cells.	Isoflurane	17-27	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	42-45
29488606-10	2018	Mechanistically, isoflurane promoted PI3K/AKT activation, upregulated B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein and Bcl-2 expression levels, and reduced the expression levels of caspase-3 and caspase-8 in myocardial cells.	Isoflurane	17-27	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	70-87
29488606-10	2018	Mechanistically, isoflurane promoted PI3K/AKT activation, upregulated B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein and Bcl-2 expression levels, and reduced the expression levels of caspase-3 and caspase-8 in myocardial cells.	Isoflurane	17-27	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	89-94
29488606-10	2018	Mechanistically, isoflurane promoted PI3K/AKT activation, upregulated B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein and Bcl-2 expression levels, and reduced the expression levels of caspase-3 and caspase-8 in myocardial cells.	Isoflurane	17-27	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	121-126
29488606-10	2018	Mechanistically, isoflurane promoted PI3K/AKT activation, upregulated B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein and Bcl-2 expression levels, and reduced the expression levels of caspase-3 and caspase-8 in myocardial cells.	Isoflurane	17-27	caspase 3	Mus musculus	183-192
29488606-10	2018	Mechanistically, isoflurane promoted PI3K/AKT activation, upregulated B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-associated X protein and Bcl-2 expression levels, and reduced the expression levels of caspase-3 and caspase-8 in myocardial cells.	Isoflurane	17-27	caspase 8	Mus musculus	197-206
29488606-11	2018	In conclusion, the findings indicated that isoflurane is beneficial for pain attenuation and inhibits apoptosis of myocardial cells via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in mice during cardiac surgery.	Isoflurane	43-53	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	145-148
29227343-0	2018	Golgi fragmentation induced by overactivated cyclin-dependent kinase 5 is associated with isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity.	Isoflurane	90-100	cyclin dependent kinase 5	Homo sapiens	45-70
29669111-9	2018	In conclusion, this study showed modulations of hOGG1 and XRCC1 expression especially 1 day after elective surgery in patients undergoing PROP and ISO anaesthesia.	Isoflurane	147-150	8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	48-53
29669111-9	2018	In conclusion, this study showed modulations of hOGG1 and XRCC1 expression especially 1 day after elective surgery in patients undergoing PROP and ISO anaesthesia.	Isoflurane	147-150	X-ray repair cross complementing 1	Homo sapiens	58-63
29596419-0	2018	Correction: Early postnatal exposure to isoflurane causes cognitive deficits and disrupts development of newborn hippocampal neurons via activation of the mTOR pathway.	Isoflurane	40-50	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	155-159
29588456-3	2018	We found that the gas anesthetic isoflurane and the opiate morphine potentiated aggregation and mislocalization of Phox2B variants, similar to that seen in CCHS, and observed transcript and protein level changes consistent with activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) unfolded protein response.	Isoflurane	33-43	paired like homeobox 2B	Homo sapiens	115-121
29588456-5	2018	We also observed that isoflurane hindered the folding and activity of proteins that rely heavily on ER function, like the CFTR channel.	Isoflurane	22-32	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	122-126
29289695-0	2018	Calpain and JNK pathways participate in isoflurane - induced nucleus translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor in the brain of neonatal rats.	Isoflurane	40-50	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	12-15
29289695-0	2018	Calpain and JNK pathways participate in isoflurane - induced nucleus translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor in the brain of neonatal rats.	Isoflurane	40-50	apoptosis inducing factor, mitochondria associated 1	Rattus norvegicus	86-111
29289695-3	2018	Whether isoflurane induces neuroapoptosis by activation of AIF and its possible mechanism are underdetermined.	Isoflurane	8-18	apoptosis inducing factor, mitochondria associated 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-62
29289695-5	2018	Moreover, the effects of calpain inhibitor MDL-28170 or JNK inhibitor SP600125 on isoflurane-induced AIF release, caspase activation and cognitive deficits were assessed.	Isoflurane	82-92	apoptosis inducing factor, mitochondria associated 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-104
29289695-6	2018	We found isoflurane activated CytC-caspase-3 dependent apoptosis pathway mainly in the early phase (0-6 h after exposure).	Isoflurane	9-19	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	35-44
29289695-7	2018	Moreover, isoflurane activated mitochondrial mu-calpain, induced AIF truncation during early phase and activated m-calpain, induced AIF release from the mitochondria to cytosol and translocation into the nucleus in the late phase (6-24 h after exposure).	Isoflurane	10-20	apoptosis inducing factor, mitochondria associated 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-68
29289695-7	2018	Moreover, isoflurane activated mitochondrial mu-calpain, induced AIF truncation during early phase and activated m-calpain, induced AIF release from the mitochondria to cytosol and translocation into the nucleus in the late phase (6-24 h after exposure).	Isoflurane	10-20	calpain 2	Rattus norvegicus	113-122
29289695-7	2018	Moreover, isoflurane activated mitochondrial mu-calpain, induced AIF truncation during early phase and activated m-calpain, induced AIF release from the mitochondria to cytosol and translocation into the nucleus in the late phase (6-24 h after exposure).	Isoflurane	10-20	apoptosis inducing factor, mitochondria associated 1	Rattus norvegicus	132-135
29289695-8	2018	MDL-28170 attenuated the isoflurane-induced mitochondrial AIF truncation, release and nuclear translocation, but did not change the expression of cleaved-caspase-3 and mitochondrial Bax and Bcl-2 proteins.	Isoflurane	25-35	apoptosis inducing factor, mitochondria associated 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
29665808-0	2018	Critical role of NLRP3-caspase-1 pathway in age-dependent isoflurane-induced microglial inflammatory response and cognitive impairment.	Isoflurane	58-68	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	17-22
29665808-0	2018	Critical role of NLRP3-caspase-1 pathway in age-dependent isoflurane-induced microglial inflammatory response and cognitive impairment.	Isoflurane	58-68	caspase 1	Mus musculus	23-32
29665808-3	2018	This study is carried out to determine the critical role of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)-caspase-1 pathway in isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment.	Isoflurane	121-131	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	64-91
29665808-3	2018	This study is carried out to determine the critical role of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)-caspase-1 pathway in isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment.	Isoflurane	121-131	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	93-98
29665808-3	2018	This study is carried out to determine the critical role of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3)-caspase-1 pathway in isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment.	Isoflurane	121-131	caspase 1	Mus musculus	100-109
29665808-13	2018	Isoflurane activated NLRP3-caspase-1 pathway and increased the secretion of IL-18 and IL-1beta in cells pretreated with lipopolysaccharide but not in cells without pretreatment.	Isoflurane	0-10	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	21-26
29665808-13	2018	Isoflurane activated NLRP3-caspase-1 pathway and increased the secretion of IL-18 and IL-1beta in cells pretreated with lipopolysaccharide but not in cells without pretreatment.	Isoflurane	0-10	caspase 1	Mus musculus	27-36
29665808-13	2018	Isoflurane activated NLRP3-caspase-1 pathway and increased the secretion of IL-18 and IL-1beta in cells pretreated with lipopolysaccharide but not in cells without pretreatment.	Isoflurane	0-10	interleukin 18	Mus musculus	76-81
29665808-13	2018	Isoflurane activated NLRP3-caspase-1 pathway and increased the secretion of IL-18 and IL-1beta in cells pretreated with lipopolysaccharide but not in cells without pretreatment.	Isoflurane	0-10	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	86-94
29665808-14	2018	Downregulation of NLRP3 attenuated the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	75-85	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	18-23
29665808-14	2018	Downregulation of NLRP3 attenuated the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	75-85	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	53-58
29665808-15	2018	CONCLUSIONS: NLRP3 priming status in aged mouse brain may be involved in isoflurane-induced hippocampal inflammation and cognitive impairment.	Isoflurane	73-83	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	13-18
29289695-9	2018	SP600125 attenuated isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis by inhibiting both AIF and caspase-3 pathways and reduced cognitive impairment in neonatal rats.	Isoflurane	20-30	apoptosis inducing factor, mitochondria associated 1	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
29289695-9	2018	SP600125 attenuated isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis by inhibiting both AIF and caspase-3 pathways and reduced cognitive impairment in neonatal rats.	Isoflurane	20-30	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	81-90
29289695-10	2018	This is the first study to provide the evidence that isoflurane induced AIF-dependent neuroapoptosis by activation of mitochondrial mu-calpain and m-calpain in neonatal rats.	Isoflurane	53-63	apoptosis inducing factor, mitochondria associated 1	Rattus norvegicus	72-75
29289695-10	2018	This is the first study to provide the evidence that isoflurane induced AIF-dependent neuroapoptosis by activation of mitochondrial mu-calpain and m-calpain in neonatal rats.	Isoflurane	53-63	calpain 2	Rattus norvegicus	147-156
29289695-11	2018	JNK inhibition reversed isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis and subsequent long-term neurocognitive impairment, acting via inhibiting activation of both AIF and caspase-3 pathways.	Isoflurane	24-34	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
29289695-11	2018	JNK inhibition reversed isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis and subsequent long-term neurocognitive impairment, acting via inhibiting activation of both AIF and caspase-3 pathways.	Isoflurane	24-34	apoptosis inducing factor, mitochondria associated 1	Rattus norvegicus	151-154
29289695-11	2018	JNK inhibition reversed isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis and subsequent long-term neurocognitive impairment, acting via inhibiting activation of both AIF and caspase-3 pathways.	Isoflurane	24-34	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	159-168
29227343-3	2018	However, whether isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity is relevant to aberrant Cdk5 activation and subsequent Golgi fragmentation remains unknown.	Isoflurane	17-27	cyclin dependent kinase 5	Homo sapiens	74-78
29227343-8	2018	Our results showed that Cdk5 activity and the number of fragmented Golgi increased significantly after isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	103-113	cyclin dependent kinase 5	Homo sapiens	24-28
29227343-10	2018	Meanwhile, pharmacological inhibition of Cdk5 activity by 8 microM roscovitine alleviated isoflurane-induced Golgi fragmentation and neurotoxicity.	Isoflurane	90-100	cyclin dependent kinase 5	Homo sapiens	41-45
29227343-11	2018	Cumulatively, this study shows that aberrant Cdk5 activation-induced Golgi fragmentation is relevant to isoflurane neurotoxicity and indicates that a Cdk5 inhibitor may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the prevention of isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity.	Isoflurane	104-114	cyclin dependent kinase 5	Homo sapiens	45-49
29227343-11	2018	Cumulatively, this study shows that aberrant Cdk5 activation-induced Golgi fragmentation is relevant to isoflurane neurotoxicity and indicates that a Cdk5 inhibitor may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the prevention of isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity.	Isoflurane	104-114	cyclin dependent kinase 5	Homo sapiens	150-154
29227343-11	2018	Cumulatively, this study shows that aberrant Cdk5 activation-induced Golgi fragmentation is relevant to isoflurane neurotoxicity and indicates that a Cdk5 inhibitor may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the prevention of isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity.	Isoflurane	228-238	cyclin dependent kinase 5	Homo sapiens	45-49
29227343-11	2018	Cumulatively, this study shows that aberrant Cdk5 activation-induced Golgi fragmentation is relevant to isoflurane neurotoxicity and indicates that a Cdk5 inhibitor may be a potential therapeutic candidate for the prevention of isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity.	Isoflurane	228-238	cyclin dependent kinase 5	Homo sapiens	150-154
28887194-8	2018	Overall, our results demonstrate that hippocampal HIF-1alpha/VEGF signaling seems to be the upstream mechanism of isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment, and provides apotential preventive and therapeutic target for POCD.	Isoflurane	114-124	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
28887194-0	2018	Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha is involved in isoflurane-induced blood-brain barrier disruption in aged rats model of POCD.	Isoflurane	47-57	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-31
28887194-4	2018	The aim of the present study was to determine the role of HIF-1alpha in isoflurane-induced blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption and resultant cognitive impairment.	Isoflurane	72-82	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	58-68
28887194-8	2018	Overall, our results demonstrate that hippocampal HIF-1alpha/VEGF signaling seems to be the upstream mechanism of isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment, and provides apotential preventive and therapeutic target for POCD.	Isoflurane	114-124	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
28887194-5	2018	After a 4-h exposure to 1.5% isoflurane in 20-month-old rats, increases in vascular permeability, and disrupted BBB ultrastructure were accompanied by the degradation of tight junction proteins occludin and collagen type IV in brain blood vessels.	Isoflurane	29-39	occludin	Rattus norvegicus	194-202
28887194-6	2018	Increases in HIF-1alpha and VEGF proteins and activation of MMP-2 in the hippocampus were also observed in the hippocamp of isoflurane-exposed rats compared with control rats.	Isoflurane	124-134	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	13-23
29511370-1	2018	Background: The study examined the difference in the expression of the receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) between anaesthesia with propofol and isoflurane in rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI).	Isoflurane	151-161	receptor for activated C kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-104
28887194-6	2018	Increases in HIF-1alpha and VEGF proteins and activation of MMP-2 in the hippocampus were also observed in the hippocamp of isoflurane-exposed rats compared with control rats.	Isoflurane	124-134	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	28-32
28887194-6	2018	Increases in HIF-1alpha and VEGF proteins and activation of MMP-2 in the hippocampus were also observed in the hippocamp of isoflurane-exposed rats compared with control rats.	Isoflurane	124-134	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Rattus norvegicus	60-65
28887194-7	2018	Pharmacological inhibition of HIF-1alpha activation by 3-(5"-hydroxymethyl-2"-furyl)-1-benzylindazole (YC-1) markedly suppressed the expression of HIF-1alpha, VEGF and MMP-2, and mitigated the severity of BBB disruption.YC-1 pretreatment also significantly attenuated isoflurane-induced cognitive deficits in the Morris water maze task.	Isoflurane	268-278	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	30-40
29298877-3	2018	To identify the putative structural domains of Cx36, responsible for the dual effect of n-alcohols, we performed structural modeling of Cx36 protein docking with hexanol and isoflurane that stimulated as well as nonanol and carbenoxolone that inhibited the conductance of Cx36 GJs and revealed their multiple common docking sites and a single pocket accessible only to hexanol and isoflurane.	Isoflurane	174-184	gap junction protein delta 2	Homo sapiens	47-51
29298877-3	2018	To identify the putative structural domains of Cx36, responsible for the dual effect of n-alcohols, we performed structural modeling of Cx36 protein docking with hexanol and isoflurane that stimulated as well as nonanol and carbenoxolone that inhibited the conductance of Cx36 GJs and revealed their multiple common docking sites and a single pocket accessible only to hexanol and isoflurane.	Isoflurane	174-184	gap junction protein delta 2	Homo sapiens	136-140
29298877-3	2018	To identify the putative structural domains of Cx36, responsible for the dual effect of n-alcohols, we performed structural modeling of Cx36 protein docking with hexanol and isoflurane that stimulated as well as nonanol and carbenoxolone that inhibited the conductance of Cx36 GJs and revealed their multiple common docking sites and a single pocket accessible only to hexanol and isoflurane.	Isoflurane	174-184	gap junction protein delta 2	Homo sapiens	136-140
29298877-3	2018	To identify the putative structural domains of Cx36, responsible for the dual effect of n-alcohols, we performed structural modeling of Cx36 protein docking with hexanol and isoflurane that stimulated as well as nonanol and carbenoxolone that inhibited the conductance of Cx36 GJs and revealed their multiple common docking sites and a single pocket accessible only to hexanol and isoflurane.	Isoflurane	381-391	gap junction protein delta 2	Homo sapiens	47-51
29298877-3	2018	To identify the putative structural domains of Cx36, responsible for the dual effect of n-alcohols, we performed structural modeling of Cx36 protein docking with hexanol and isoflurane that stimulated as well as nonanol and carbenoxolone that inhibited the conductance of Cx36 GJs and revealed their multiple common docking sites and a single pocket accessible only to hexanol and isoflurane.	Isoflurane	381-391	gap junction protein delta 2	Homo sapiens	136-140
29298877-3	2018	To identify the putative structural domains of Cx36, responsible for the dual effect of n-alcohols, we performed structural modeling of Cx36 protein docking with hexanol and isoflurane that stimulated as well as nonanol and carbenoxolone that inhibited the conductance of Cx36 GJs and revealed their multiple common docking sites and a single pocket accessible only to hexanol and isoflurane.	Isoflurane	381-391	gap junction protein delta 2	Homo sapiens	136-140
29298877-6	2018	Our findings suggest that the stimulatory effect of hexanol and isoflurane on Cx36 GJ conductance could be achieved by re-shuffling of the inter-subunit disulphide bond between C264 and C92 to the intra-subunit one between C264 and C87.	Isoflurane	64-74	gap junction protein delta 2	Homo sapiens	78-82
29511437-5	2018	In the present study, we showed that 2% isoflurane exposure for 2 h triggered Drp1 dephosphorylation at serine 656 and increased translocation of Drp1 and Bax from cytosol to mitochondria, concomitant with cytochrome C leakage into the cytosol.	Isoflurane	40-50	dynamin 1-like	Rattus norvegicus	78-82
29511437-5	2018	In the present study, we showed that 2% isoflurane exposure for 2 h triggered Drp1 dephosphorylation at serine 656 and increased translocation of Drp1 and Bax from cytosol to mitochondria, concomitant with cytochrome C leakage into the cytosol.	Isoflurane	40-50	dynamin 1-like	Rattus norvegicus	146-150
29511437-5	2018	In the present study, we showed that 2% isoflurane exposure for 2 h triggered Drp1 dephosphorylation at serine 656 and increased translocation of Drp1 and Bax from cytosol to mitochondria, concomitant with cytochrome C leakage into the cytosol.	Isoflurane	40-50	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	155-158
29511437-6	2018	Remarkably, pretreatment with mdivi-1 not only alleviated isoflurane-induced disturbed mitochondrial translocation of Drp1 and Bax and almost restored morphological changes, but also inhibited cytochrome C release, caspase9 and caspase3 activation in hippocampi.	Isoflurane	58-68	dynamin 1-like	Rattus norvegicus	118-122
29511437-6	2018	Remarkably, pretreatment with mdivi-1 not only alleviated isoflurane-induced disturbed mitochondrial translocation of Drp1 and Bax and almost restored morphological changes, but also inhibited cytochrome C release, caspase9 and caspase3 activation in hippocampi.	Isoflurane	58-68	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	127-130
29511437-6	2018	Remarkably, pretreatment with mdivi-1 not only alleviated isoflurane-induced disturbed mitochondrial translocation of Drp1 and Bax and almost restored morphological changes, but also inhibited cytochrome C release, caspase9 and caspase3 activation in hippocampi.	Isoflurane	58-68	caspase 9	Rattus norvegicus	215-223
29511437-6	2018	Remarkably, pretreatment with mdivi-1 not only alleviated isoflurane-induced disturbed mitochondrial translocation of Drp1 and Bax and almost restored morphological changes, but also inhibited cytochrome C release, caspase9 and caspase3 activation in hippocampi.	Isoflurane	58-68	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	228-236
29511437-8	2018	Taken together, isoflurane-induced Drp1 activation and translocation led to excessive mitochondrial fission and subsequently contributed to the synaptic injury and long-term cognitive impairment.	Isoflurane	16-26	dynamin 1-like	Rattus norvegicus	35-39
29511370-9	2018	Conclusion: There were significant differences in inflammation and apoptosis, including the expression of RACK1 and TLR4, after myocardial IRI between the propofol and isoflurane groups.	Isoflurane	168-178	receptor for activated C kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	106-111
29511370-9	2018	Conclusion: There were significant differences in inflammation and apoptosis, including the expression of RACK1 and TLR4, after myocardial IRI between the propofol and isoflurane groups.	Isoflurane	168-178	toll-like receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	116-120
29511370-1	2018	Background: The study examined the difference in the expression of the receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1) between anaesthesia with propofol and isoflurane in rats with myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI).	Isoflurane	151-161	receptor for activated C kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	106-111
29325538-9	2018	CONCLUSION: Inhalation of isoflurane at 1.3% during pregnancy has no significant influence on learning and memory of the offspring; exposure to isoflurane at 2.0% causes damage to spatial memory associated with inhibition of CREB phosphorylation in the granular cell layer of hippocampus dentate gyrus.	Isoflurane	144-154	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	225-229
29434742-0	2018	Resveratrol protects neuronal cells from isoflurane-induced inflammation and oxidative stress-associated death by attenuating apoptosis via Akt/p38 MAPK signaling.	Isoflurane	41-51	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	140-143
29434742-0	2018	Resveratrol protects neuronal cells from isoflurane-induced inflammation and oxidative stress-associated death by attenuating apoptosis via Akt/p38 MAPK signaling.	Isoflurane	41-51	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	144-147
29434742-5	2018	In addition, western blot analysis demonstrated that resveratrol treatment significantly attenuated isoflurane-induced decreases in the activated phosphorylated (p)-Akt/Akt ratio and increases in the p-p38/p38 MAPK protein ratio in PC12 cells.	Isoflurane	100-110	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	165-168
29434742-5	2018	In addition, western blot analysis demonstrated that resveratrol treatment significantly attenuated isoflurane-induced decreases in the activated phosphorylated (p)-Akt/Akt ratio and increases in the p-p38/p38 MAPK protein ratio in PC12 cells.	Isoflurane	100-110	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	169-172
29434742-5	2018	In addition, western blot analysis demonstrated that resveratrol treatment significantly attenuated isoflurane-induced decreases in the activated phosphorylated (p)-Akt/Akt ratio and increases in the p-p38/p38 MAPK protein ratio in PC12 cells.	Isoflurane	100-110	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	202-205
29434742-5	2018	In addition, western blot analysis demonstrated that resveratrol treatment significantly attenuated isoflurane-induced decreases in the activated phosphorylated (p)-Akt/Akt ratio and increases in the p-p38/p38 MAPK protein ratio in PC12 cells.	Isoflurane	100-110	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	206-209
29434742-6	2018	These findings indicated that resveratrol was able to protect neuronal cells from isoflurane-induced inflammation and oxidative stress-associated death by attenuating apoptosis via Akt/p38 MAPK signaling.	Isoflurane	82-92	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	181-184
29434742-6	2018	These findings indicated that resveratrol was able to protect neuronal cells from isoflurane-induced inflammation and oxidative stress-associated death by attenuating apoptosis via Akt/p38 MAPK signaling.	Isoflurane	82-92	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	185-188
29198958-5	2018	Here we show that muscarinic cation current (mICAT) mediated by TRPC4 and TRPC6 channels in mouse ileal myocytes was strongly inhibited by isoflurane (0.5mM), one of the most commonly used inhalation anesthetics.	Isoflurane	139-149	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 4	Mus musculus	64-69
29198958-5	2018	Here we show that muscarinic cation current (mICAT) mediated by TRPC4 and TRPC6 channels in mouse ileal myocytes was strongly inhibited by isoflurane (0.5mM), one of the most commonly used inhalation anesthetics.	Isoflurane	139-149	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 6	Mus musculus	74-79
29040168-10	2018	Isoflurane elevated microRNA-21 and the ratio of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase dimers/monomers and decreased mitochondrial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels 5 min after ischemia in C57BL/6 but not db/db mice.	Isoflurane	0-10	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	49-82
29040168-11	2018	MicroRNA-21 knockout blocked these favorable effects of isoflurane, whereas endothelial nitric-oxide synthase knockout had no effect on the expression of microRNA-21 but blocked the inhibitory effect of isoflurane preconditioning on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.	Isoflurane	203-213	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	76-109
29040168-12	2018	CONCLUSIONS: Failure of isoflurane cardiac preconditioning in obese type 2 diabetic db/db mice is associated with aberrant regulation of microRNA-21, endothelial nitric-oxide synthase, and mitochondrial respiratory complex I.	Isoflurane	24-34	nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell	Mus musculus	150-183
29091893-0	2018	Isoflurane post-conditioning down-regulates expression of aquaporin 4 in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and is possibly related to bone morphogenetic protein 4/Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	0-10	aquaporin 4	Rattus norvegicus	58-69
29091893-0	2018	Isoflurane post-conditioning down-regulates expression of aquaporin 4 in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and is possibly related to bone morphogenetic protein 4/Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	0-10	bone morphogenetic protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	147-175
29091893-0	2018	Isoflurane post-conditioning down-regulates expression of aquaporin 4 in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and is possibly related to bone morphogenetic protein 4/Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	0-10	SMAD family member 1	Rattus norvegicus	176-183
29091893-2	2018	This study aimed to investigate the relationship between AQP4, bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4)/Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway and isoflurane post-conditiong, which has effects on brain edema in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.	Isoflurane	131-141	aquaporin 4	Rattus norvegicus	57-61
29091893-2	2018	This study aimed to investigate the relationship between AQP4, bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4)/Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway and isoflurane post-conditiong, which has effects on brain edema in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.	Isoflurane	131-141	bone morphogenetic protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	63-91
29091893-2	2018	This study aimed to investigate the relationship between AQP4, bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4)/Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway and isoflurane post-conditiong, which has effects on brain edema in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.	Isoflurane	131-141	bone morphogenetic protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	93-97
29091893-2	2018	This study aimed to investigate the relationship between AQP4, bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4)/Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway and isoflurane post-conditiong, which has effects on brain edema in rats with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury.	Isoflurane	131-141	SMAD family member 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-106
29091893-14	2018	CONCLUSION: Isoflurane post-conditioning may inhibit occurrence of brain edema and reduce cerebral I/R injury through down-regulating expression of AQP4, This process may be related to the activation of BMP4/Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	12-22	aquaporin 4	Rattus norvegicus	148-152
29091893-14	2018	CONCLUSION: Isoflurane post-conditioning may inhibit occurrence of brain edema and reduce cerebral I/R injury through down-regulating expression of AQP4, This process may be related to the activation of BMP4/Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	12-22	bone morphogenetic protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	203-207
29091893-14	2018	CONCLUSION: Isoflurane post-conditioning may inhibit occurrence of brain edema and reduce cerebral I/R injury through down-regulating expression of AQP4, This process may be related to the activation of BMP4/Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	12-22	SMAD family member 1	Rattus norvegicus	208-215
28699288-8	2018	The K+ channel activator isoflurane and Cl- channel blocker NPPB significantly decreased [Ca2+ ]i in the LCC.	Isoflurane	25-35	carbonic anhydrase 2	Mus musculus	90-93
29617679-10	2018	Furthermore, isoflurane increased caspase-3 expression and decreased protein expressions of p-Akt and p-GSK-3beta both in vivo and in vitro.	Isoflurane	13-23	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	34-43
29617679-10	2018	Furthermore, isoflurane increased caspase-3 expression and decreased protein expressions of p-Akt and p-GSK-3beta both in vivo and in vitro.	Isoflurane	13-23	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-97
29617679-10	2018	Furthermore, isoflurane increased caspase-3 expression and decreased protein expressions of p-Akt and p-GSK-3beta both in vivo and in vitro.	Isoflurane	13-23	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	104-113
29617679-13	2018	CONCLUSION: We for the first time showed that simvastatin, by upregulating Akt/GSK-3beta signaling pathway, alleviated isoflurane-induced neurogenetic damage and neurocognitive deficits in developing rat brain.	Isoflurane	119-129	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	75-78
29617679-13	2018	CONCLUSION: We for the first time showed that simvastatin, by upregulating Akt/GSK-3beta signaling pathway, alleviated isoflurane-induced neurogenetic damage and neurocognitive deficits in developing rat brain.	Isoflurane	119-129	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	79-88
29221728-0	2018	Emulsified isoflurane induces release of cytochrome C in human neuroblastoma SHSY-5Y cells via JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinases) signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	11-21	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	41-53
29977977-5	2018	We have previously showed that volatile anesthetic isoflurane inhibited LFA-1 and Mac-1.	Isoflurane	51-61	integrin alpha L	Mus musculus	72-77
29977977-5	2018	We have previously showed that volatile anesthetic isoflurane inhibited LFA-1 and Mac-1.	Isoflurane	51-61	integrin alpha M	Mus musculus	82-87
29977977-10	2018	Isoflurane attenuated neutrophil recruitment and liver injury in WT and LFA-1 KO mice.	Isoflurane	0-10	integrin alpha L	Mus musculus	72-77
29977977-11	2018	Mac-1 KO mice had limited neutrophil recruitment and liver injury, both of which were not attenuated by isoflurane further, suggesting that isoflurane mitigated liver injury via Mac-1.	Isoflurane	140-150	integrin alpha M	Mus musculus	0-5
29977977-11	2018	Mac-1 KO mice had limited neutrophil recruitment and liver injury, both of which were not attenuated by isoflurane further, suggesting that isoflurane mitigated liver injury via Mac-1.	Isoflurane	140-150	integrin alpha M	Mus musculus	178-183
29977977-14	2018	In conclusion, isoflurane exposure attenuated neutrophil recruitment and liver injury via Mac-1.	Isoflurane	15-25	integrin alpha M	Mus musculus	90-95
29221728-0	2018	Emulsified isoflurane induces release of cytochrome C in human neuroblastoma SHSY-5Y cells via JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinases) signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	11-21	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	95-98
29221728-0	2018	Emulsified isoflurane induces release of cytochrome C in human neuroblastoma SHSY-5Y cells via JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinases) signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	11-21	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	100-124
29218001-0	2017	Upregulation of Cdh1 Attenuates Isoflurane-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis and Long-Term Cognitive Impairments in Developing Rats.	Isoflurane	32-42	cadherin 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-20
28951521-0	2017	Isoflurane promotes glucose metabolism through up-regulation of miR-21 and suppresses mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in ovarian cancer cells.	Isoflurane	0-10	microRNA 21	Homo sapiens	64-70
28951521-6	2017	We observed the glucose uptake, lactate production and extracellular acidification of two ovarian cancer cell lines, SKOV3 and TOV21G were significantly stimulated by isoflurane treatments at 1 and 2 h. The glycolysis enzymes, HK2, PKM2, and LDHA were up-regulated by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	167-177	hexokinase 2	Homo sapiens	227-230
28951521-6	2017	We observed the glucose uptake, lactate production and extracellular acidification of two ovarian cancer cell lines, SKOV3 and TOV21G were significantly stimulated by isoflurane treatments at 1 and 2 h. The glycolysis enzymes, HK2, PKM2, and LDHA were up-regulated by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	167-177	pyruvate kinase M1/2	Homo sapiens	232-236
28951521-6	2017	We observed the glucose uptake, lactate production and extracellular acidification of two ovarian cancer cell lines, SKOV3 and TOV21G were significantly stimulated by isoflurane treatments at 1 and 2 h. The glycolysis enzymes, HK2, PKM2, and LDHA were up-regulated by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	167-177	lactate dehydrogenase A	Homo sapiens	242-246
28951521-7	2017	We report that miR-21 was induced by isoflurane treatments in ovarian cancer cells, leading to the elevated AKT phosphorylation and up-regulation of glycolysis enzymes.	Isoflurane	37-47	microRNA 21	Homo sapiens	15-21
29045576-0	2017	Activation of cannabinoid receptor 1 is involved in protection against mitochondrial dysfunction and cerebral ischaemic tolerance induced by isoflurane preconditioning.	Isoflurane	141-151	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	14-36
29045576-9	2017	Isoflurane preconditioning increased the expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-X L and reduced apoptosis in neurones.	Isoflurane	0-10	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	83-88
29045576-9	2017	Isoflurane preconditioning increased the expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-X L and reduced apoptosis in neurones.	Isoflurane	0-10	Bcl2-like 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-100
29218001-6	2017	The level of Cdh1 in the hippocampus was downregulated during isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis.	Isoflurane	62-72	cadherin 1	Rattus norvegicus	13-17
29218001-7	2017	Cdh1-encoding lentivirus was transfected before isoflurane-treatment to increase the level of Cdh1.	Isoflurane	48-58	cadherin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
29218001-8	2017	Our results showed that Cdh1 overexpression by a recombinant Cdh1-encoding lentivirus reduced isoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis.	Isoflurane	94-104	cadherin 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-28
29218001-8	2017	Our results showed that Cdh1 overexpression by a recombinant Cdh1-encoding lentivirus reduced isoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis.	Isoflurane	94-104	cadherin 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
29218001-9	2017	Moreover, bilateral intra-hippocampal injection with Cdh1-encoding lentivirus attenuated long-term cognitive deficits after exposure to isoflurane in developing rats.	Isoflurane	136-146	cadherin 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-57
29136012-8	2017	Excitatory synaptic transmission in the parietal association cortex in slices from Ndufs4(KO) animals was hypersensitive to isoflurane compared to control slices.	Isoflurane	124-134	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S4	Mus musculus	83-89
29218001-10	2017	Our study indicates that Cdh1 is an important target to prevent isoflurane-induced developmental neurotoxicity.	Isoflurane	64-74	cadherin 1	Rattus norvegicus	25-29
28902674-5	2017	RESULTS: Monosynaptic population excitatory postsynaptic potentials at the basal and apical dendrites of CA1 were significantly decreased at greater than or equal to 0.25% (n = 4) and greater than or equal to 1.0% (n = 6) isoflurane, respectively.	Isoflurane	222-232	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	105-108
28743056-11	2017	MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: Memory impairment induced by isoflurane exposure is associated with dysregulated histone acetylation in the hippocampus, which affects BDNF expression and hence BDNF downstream signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	48-58	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	154-158
28743056-11	2017	MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: Memory impairment induced by isoflurane exposure is associated with dysregulated histone acetylation in the hippocampus, which affects BDNF expression and hence BDNF downstream signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	48-58	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	180-184
28981700-2	2017	Volatile anaesthetics including isoflurane have been found to activate the kainate (GluK2) receptor.	Isoflurane	32-42	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, kainate 2 (beta 2)	Mus musculus	84-89
28950663-0	2017	Betulinic acid protects the neuronal damage in new born rats from isoflurane-induced apoptosis in the developing brain by blocking FASL-FAS signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	66-76	Fas ligand	Rattus norvegicus	131-135
28950663-11	2017	Present study concludes the neuroprotective effect of betulinic acid in isoflurane-induced brain damage in developing brain by attenuating the apoptosis through Fas/FASL pathway inhibition.	Isoflurane	72-82	Fas ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6)	Mus musculus	165-169
28938523-4	2017	We found that under hypothermic condition, anesthetic of isoflurane enhances various signals expression in hippocampus, including Hspd1, Actb, Mgst1, THBS4, Syp, C1QC, Serpine, Plat, and Ngf, which were related to cellular stress, neural plasticity responses, and hippocampal injury.	Isoflurane	57-67	heat shock protein family D (Hsp60) member 1	Homo sapiens	130-135
28938523-4	2017	We found that under hypothermic condition, anesthetic of isoflurane enhances various signals expression in hippocampus, including Hspd1, Actb, Mgst1, THBS4, Syp, C1QC, Serpine, Plat, and Ngf, which were related to cellular stress, neural plasticity responses, and hippocampal injury.	Isoflurane	57-67	actin beta	Homo sapiens	137-141
28938523-4	2017	We found that under hypothermic condition, anesthetic of isoflurane enhances various signals expression in hippocampus, including Hspd1, Actb, Mgst1, THBS4, Syp, C1QC, Serpine, Plat, and Ngf, which were related to cellular stress, neural plasticity responses, and hippocampal injury.	Isoflurane	57-67	microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	143-148
28938523-4	2017	We found that under hypothermic condition, anesthetic of isoflurane enhances various signals expression in hippocampus, including Hspd1, Actb, Mgst1, THBS4, Syp, C1QC, Serpine, Plat, and Ngf, which were related to cellular stress, neural plasticity responses, and hippocampal injury.	Isoflurane	57-67	thrombospondin 4	Homo sapiens	150-155
28938523-4	2017	We found that under hypothermic condition, anesthetic of isoflurane enhances various signals expression in hippocampus, including Hspd1, Actb, Mgst1, THBS4, Syp, C1QC, Serpine, Plat, and Ngf, which were related to cellular stress, neural plasticity responses, and hippocampal injury.	Isoflurane	57-67	synaptophysin	Homo sapiens	157-160
28938523-4	2017	We found that under hypothermic condition, anesthetic of isoflurane enhances various signals expression in hippocampus, including Hspd1, Actb, Mgst1, THBS4, Syp, C1QC, Serpine, Plat, and Ngf, which were related to cellular stress, neural plasticity responses, and hippocampal injury.	Isoflurane	57-67	complement C1q C chain	Homo sapiens	162-166
28938523-4	2017	We found that under hypothermic condition, anesthetic of isoflurane enhances various signals expression in hippocampus, including Hspd1, Actb, Mgst1, THBS4, Syp, C1QC, Serpine, Plat, and Ngf, which were related to cellular stress, neural plasticity responses, and hippocampal injury.	Isoflurane	57-67	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	177-181
28938523-5	2017	Importantly, isoflurane and propofol anesthesia reduced fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) expressions, enhanced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Iba1 and phosphorylated-Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) levels as well as down-regulated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) family members, including p38, ERK1/2 and JNK, in the hippocampus of animals.	Isoflurane	13-23	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	82-86
28938523-5	2017	Importantly, isoflurane and propofol anesthesia reduced fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) expressions, enhanced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Iba1 and phosphorylated-Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) levels as well as down-regulated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) family members, including p38, ERK1/2 and JNK, in the hippocampus of animals.	Isoflurane	13-23	activity regulated cytoskeleton associated protein	Homo sapiens	92-142
28938523-5	2017	Importantly, isoflurane and propofol anesthesia reduced fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) expressions, enhanced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Iba1 and phosphorylated-Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) levels as well as down-regulated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) family members, including p38, ERK1/2 and JNK, in the hippocampus of animals.	Isoflurane	13-23	activity regulated cytoskeleton associated protein	Homo sapiens	144-147
28938523-5	2017	Importantly, isoflurane and propofol anesthesia reduced fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) expressions, enhanced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Iba1 and phosphorylated-Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) levels as well as down-regulated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) family members, including p38, ERK1/2 and JNK, in the hippocampus of animals.	Isoflurane	13-23	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Homo sapiens	171-202
28938523-5	2017	Importantly, isoflurane and propofol anesthesia reduced fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) expressions, enhanced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Iba1 and phosphorylated-Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) levels as well as down-regulated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) family members, including p38, ERK1/2 and JNK, in the hippocampus of animals.	Isoflurane	13-23	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Homo sapiens	204-208
28938523-5	2017	Importantly, isoflurane and propofol anesthesia reduced fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) expressions, enhanced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Iba1 and phosphorylated-Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) levels as well as down-regulated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) family members, including p38, ERK1/2 and JNK, in the hippocampus of animals.	Isoflurane	13-23	allograft inflammatory factor 1	Homo sapiens	211-215
28938523-5	2017	Importantly, isoflurane and propofol anesthesia reduced fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) expressions, enhanced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Iba1 and phosphorylated-Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) levels as well as down-regulated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) family members, including p38, ERK1/2 and JNK, in the hippocampus of animals.	Isoflurane	13-23	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2	Homo sapiens	220-265
28938523-5	2017	Importantly, isoflurane and propofol anesthesia reduced fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) expressions, enhanced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Iba1 and phosphorylated-Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) levels as well as down-regulated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) family members, including p38, ERK1/2 and JNK, in the hippocampus of animals.	Isoflurane	13-23	eukaryotic translation elongation factor 2	Homo sapiens	267-271
28938523-5	2017	Importantly, isoflurane and propofol anesthesia reduced fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) expressions, enhanced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Iba1 and phosphorylated-Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) levels as well as down-regulated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) family members, including p38, ERK1/2 and JNK, in the hippocampus of animals.	Isoflurane	13-23	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	374-377
28938523-5	2017	Importantly, isoflurane and propofol anesthesia reduced fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) expressions, enhanced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Iba1 and phosphorylated-Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) levels as well as down-regulated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) family members, including p38, ERK1/2 and JNK, in the hippocampus of animals.	Isoflurane	13-23	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	379-385
28938523-5	2017	Importantly, isoflurane and propofol anesthesia reduced fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) and activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc) expressions, enhanced glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), Iba1 and phosphorylated-Eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2) levels as well as down-regulated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) family members, including p38, ERK1/2 and JNK, in the hippocampus of animals.	Isoflurane	13-23	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	390-393
28902674-6	2017	The perforant path evoked multisynaptic response at CA1 was decreased by ~50% at greater than or equal to 0.25% isoflurane (n = 5).	Isoflurane	112-122	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
28902674-9	2017	Spontaneous hippocampal local field potential at 0.8 to 300 Hz was dose-dependently suppressed by isoflurane (n = 6), with local field potential power in the 50- to 150-Hz band showing the highest decrease with isoflurane dose, commensurate with the decrease in trisynaptic CA1 response.	Isoflurane	98-108	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	274-277
29149981-8	2017	There were 2.3- and 1.7-fold increases in Bcl-2 mRNA levels in isoflurane and sevoflurane IP groups, respectively, compared with corresponding non-IP groups (both P &lt; .05).	Isoflurane	63-73	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	42-47
29067116-1	2017	The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of isoflurane + N2O inhalation and propofol + fentanyl anesthesia on myocardial function as assessed by cardiac troponin T (cTnT).	Isoflurane	52-62	troponin T2, cardiac type	Homo sapiens	153-171
29067116-1	2017	The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of isoflurane + N2O inhalation and propofol + fentanyl anesthesia on myocardial function as assessed by cardiac troponin T (cTnT).	Isoflurane	52-62	troponin T2, cardiac type	Homo sapiens	173-177
27125849-9	2017	Compared with fentanyl/fluanisone/midazolam anesthesia, isoflurane resulted in a shorter time to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), less use of epinephrine, increased coronary perfusion pressure during cardiopulmonary resusitation, higher mean arterial pressure post-ROSC, increased plasma levels of endothelin-1, and decreased levels of epinephrine.	Isoflurane	56-66	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	307-319
28944872-0	2017	Isoflurane exposure regulates the cell viability and BDNF expression of astrocytes via upregulation of TREK-1.	Isoflurane	0-10	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	53-57
28944872-0	2017	Isoflurane exposure regulates the cell viability and BDNF expression of astrocytes via upregulation of TREK-1.	Isoflurane	0-10	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens	103-109
28944872-3	2017	The present study investigated the role of TWIK-related K+ channel (TREK-1) in isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment.	Isoflurane	79-89	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens	68-74
28944872-6	2017	The results demonstrated that, prior to manipulating TREK-1, isoflurane significantly decreased the cell viability and BDNF expression, and increased Bax, caspase-3 and TREK-1 expression was observed.	Isoflurane	61-71	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	119-123
28944872-8	2017	Furthermore, lentiviral-mediated short hairpin RNA knockdown of TREK-1 effectively inhibited the isoflurane-induced changes in BDNF, Bax and caspase-3 expression.	Isoflurane	97-107	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens	64-70
28944872-8	2017	Furthermore, lentiviral-mediated short hairpin RNA knockdown of TREK-1 effectively inhibited the isoflurane-induced changes in BDNF, Bax and caspase-3 expression.	Isoflurane	97-107	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	127-131
28944872-8	2017	Furthermore, lentiviral-mediated short hairpin RNA knockdown of TREK-1 effectively inhibited the isoflurane-induced changes in BDNF, Bax and caspase-3 expression.	Isoflurane	97-107	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	133-136
28944872-8	2017	Furthermore, lentiviral-mediated short hairpin RNA knockdown of TREK-1 effectively inhibited the isoflurane-induced changes in BDNF, Bax and caspase-3 expression.	Isoflurane	97-107	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	141-150
28944872-9	2017	Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that isoflurane-induced cell damage in astrocytes may be associated with TREK-1-mediated inhibition of BDNF and provide a reference for the safe use of isoflurane anesthesia in infants and children.	Isoflurane	63-73	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens	131-137
28944872-9	2017	Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that isoflurane-induced cell damage in astrocytes may be associated with TREK-1-mediated inhibition of BDNF and provide a reference for the safe use of isoflurane anesthesia in infants and children.	Isoflurane	63-73	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	161-165
28944872-9	2017	Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that isoflurane-induced cell damage in astrocytes may be associated with TREK-1-mediated inhibition of BDNF and provide a reference for the safe use of isoflurane anesthesia in infants and children.	Isoflurane	210-220	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens	131-137
28944872-9	2017	Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that isoflurane-induced cell damage in astrocytes may be associated with TREK-1-mediated inhibition of BDNF and provide a reference for the safe use of isoflurane anesthesia in infants and children.	Isoflurane	210-220	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	161-165
29042297-0	2017	TREK-1 pathway mediates isoflurane-induced memory impairment in middle-aged mice.	Isoflurane	24-34	potassium channel, subfamily K, member 2	Mus musculus	0-6
29042297-5	2017	In the current study, we determined that exposure to isoflurane affected memory in middle-aged mice and altered TREK-1 expression.	Isoflurane	53-63	potassium channel, subfamily K, member 2	Mus musculus	112-118
29042297-6	2017	In addition, TREK-1 over-expression exacerbated isoflurane-induced memory impairment, while TREK-1 silence attenuated the impairment.	Isoflurane	48-58	potassium channel, subfamily K, member 2	Mus musculus	13-19
29149981-9	2017	Caspase 3 level was significantly high in the isoflurane non-IP group compared with the sham group; however, there were no differences among the sevoflurane groups.	Isoflurane	46-56	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	0-9
29118914-6	2017	In addition, in response to a nociceptive stimulus, the infusion of 10 microg kg-1 h-1 remifentanil reduced isoflurane-induced apoptosis in the hippocampus (P = 0.003 in CA1, P = 0.002 in CA3) but not in the cortex or thalamus.	Isoflurane	108-118	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	188-191
29066839-0	2017	Calcineurin/P-ERK/Egr-1 Pathway is Involved in Fear Memory Impairment after Isoflurane Exposure in Mice.	Isoflurane	76-86	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	14-17
29066839-0	2017	Calcineurin/P-ERK/Egr-1 Pathway is Involved in Fear Memory Impairment after Isoflurane Exposure in Mice.	Isoflurane	76-86	early growth response 1	Mus musculus	18-23
29066839-3	2017	We investigated whether isoflurane impairment of fear memory formation was associated with altered CaN activity and downstream phosphorylated-extracellular signal-regulated kinases (p-ERK) and early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1) expression in hippocampus and amygdala.	Isoflurane	24-34	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	184-187
29066839-3	2017	We investigated whether isoflurane impairment of fear memory formation was associated with altered CaN activity and downstream phosphorylated-extracellular signal-regulated kinases (p-ERK) and early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1) expression in hippocampus and amygdala.	Isoflurane	24-34	early growth response 1	Mus musculus	223-228
29066839-9	2017	Hippocampus and amygdala from isoflurane-exposed mice had enhanced CaN activity, reduced p-ERK/ERK and Egr-1 expression.	Isoflurane	30-40	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	91-94
29066839-9	2017	Hippocampus and amygdala from isoflurane-exposed mice had enhanced CaN activity, reduced p-ERK/ERK and Egr-1 expression.	Isoflurane	30-40	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	95-98
29066839-9	2017	Hippocampus and amygdala from isoflurane-exposed mice had enhanced CaN activity, reduced p-ERK/ERK and Egr-1 expression.	Isoflurane	30-40	early growth response 1	Mus musculus	103-108
29066839-11	2017	These results indicate calcineurin/p-ERK/Egr-1 Pathway is involved in fear memory impairment after isoflurane exposure in mice.	Isoflurane	99-109	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	37-40
29066839-11	2017	These results indicate calcineurin/p-ERK/Egr-1 Pathway is involved in fear memory impairment after isoflurane exposure in mice.	Isoflurane	99-109	early growth response 1	Mus musculus	41-46
29212205-0	2017	JNK inhibitor alleviates apoptosis of fetal neural stem cells induced by emulsified isoflurane.	Isoflurane	84-94	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
28446807-7	2017	In contrast, isoflurane anesthesia prevented an increase in blood pressure in the nesf/NUCB2-Tg mice.	Isoflurane	13-23	nucleobindin 2	Mus musculus	87-92
28798343-4	2017	We also found that isoflurane increased activity of the parvalbumin interneurons, and facilitated GABAergic transmission in wild type mice but not in transgenic mice with reduced TrkB expression in parvalbumin interneurons.	Isoflurane	19-29	parvalbumin	Mus musculus	56-67
28210810-0	2017	Was isoflurane the only cause of IL-1beta upregulation?	Isoflurane	4-14	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	33-41
28959036-3	2017	DT40 or SH-SY5Y cells with only or over 99% expression of InsP3R-1 were treated with isoflurane or propofol.	Isoflurane	85-95	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	58-66
28959036-10	2017	Both propofol and isoflurane increased autophagy induction (P &lt; 0.05) in an mTOR- and InsP3R- activity dependent manner.	Isoflurane	18-28	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	79-83
28669717-10	2017	The protein level of alpha5 GABAA receptor (alpha5GABAAR), gephyrin, and dystrophin were significantly increased, whereas the expression of miR-30a, miR-31, miR-190a, and miR-190b was significantly decreased in the hippocampus and mPFC in aged rats exposed to isoflurane and sevoflurane compared to control rats.	Isoflurane	260-270	microRNA 30a	Rattus norvegicus	140-147
28669717-10	2017	The protein level of alpha5 GABAA receptor (alpha5GABAAR), gephyrin, and dystrophin were significantly increased, whereas the expression of miR-30a, miR-31, miR-190a, and miR-190b was significantly decreased in the hippocampus and mPFC in aged rats exposed to isoflurane and sevoflurane compared to control rats.	Isoflurane	260-270	microRNA 190b	Rattus norvegicus	171-179
28642137-0	2017	Overexpression cdc42 attenuates isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in developmental brain of rats.	Isoflurane	32-42	cell division cycle 42	Rattus norvegicus	15-20
28642137-6	2017	However, whether cdc42 provided a protective role in isoflurane induced synaptogenesis dysfunction still unknown.	Isoflurane	53-63	cell division cycle 42	Rattus norvegicus	17-22
28642137-9	2017	Therefore, we investigated the effect of isoflurane on cdc42 and its upstream Calcium/Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and its downstream p21 activated kinase 3 (PAK3), then determined whether CaMKIIalpha/cdc42/PAK3 signaling pathway was involved in neurotoxicity and cognitive deficiency induced by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	41-51	cell division cycle 42	Rattus norvegicus	55-60
28642137-10	2017	Our study found that isoflurane induced neurotoxicity and resulted in cognitive impairment in young rats through suppressed CaMKIIalpha/cdc42/PAK3 signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	21-31	cell division cycle 42	Rattus norvegicus	136-141
28642137-10	2017	Our study found that isoflurane induced neurotoxicity and resulted in cognitive impairment in young rats through suppressed CaMKIIalpha/cdc42/PAK3 signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	21-31	p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	142-146
28642137-11	2017	Cdc42 over-expression could reverse neurotoxicity and improve cognitive impairment induced by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	94-104	cell division cycle 42	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
28857857-0	2017	Isoflurane Preconditioning Alleviated Murine Liver Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury by Restoring AMPK/mTOR-Mediated Autophagy.	Isoflurane	0-10	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Mus musculus	101-105
28857857-14	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that isoflurane preconditioning attenuates liver IR injury via AMPK/mTOR-mediated hepatocellular autophagy restoration.	Isoflurane	39-49	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Mus musculus	102-106
28979702-0	2017	Chikusetsu saponin IVa attenuates isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity and cognitive deficits via SIRT1/ERK1/2 in developmental rats.	Isoflurane	34-44	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	100-106
28979702-5	2017	We found that, anesthesia with 1.8% isoflurane for 6 h significantly decreased the expression of SIRT1 in hippocampus.	Isoflurane	36-46	sirtuin 1	Rattus norvegicus	97-102
28870160-0	2017	TREK-1 mediates isoflurane-induced cytotoxicity in astrocytes.	Isoflurane	16-26	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens	0-6
28870160-8	2017	Moreover, with prolonged exposure to isoflurane, the TREK-1 level increased, and the BDNF level was reduced.	Isoflurane	37-47	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens	53-59
28870160-8	2017	Moreover, with prolonged exposure to isoflurane, the TREK-1 level increased, and the BDNF level was reduced.	Isoflurane	37-47	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	85-89
28870160-9	2017	TREK-1 knockdown promoted the survival of astrocytes and increased BDNF expression following isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	93-103	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens	0-6
28870160-9	2017	TREK-1 knockdown promoted the survival of astrocytes and increased BDNF expression following isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	93-103	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	67-71
28870160-11	2017	TREK-1 plays an important role in isoflurane-induced cultured astrocytic cytotoxicity by down-regulating the expression of BDNF.	Isoflurane	34-44	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 2	Homo sapiens	0-6
28870160-11	2017	TREK-1 plays an important role in isoflurane-induced cultured astrocytic cytotoxicity by down-regulating the expression of BDNF.	Isoflurane	34-44	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	123-127
28969308-13	2017	Conclusion: A single isoflurane exposure to early post-natal mice caused a hippocampal-dependent memory deficit that was not prevented by pre-administration of TAT-Pep5, although TAT-Pep5, an inhibitor of p75NTR, has been shown to reduce isoflurane-induced apoptosis.	Isoflurane	21-31	nerve growth factor receptor (TNFR superfamily, member 16)	Mus musculus	205-211
28798343-0	2017	Isoflurane produces antidepressant effects and induces TrkB signaling in rodents.	Isoflurane	0-10	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	55-59
28798343-2	2017	We show that a single isoflurane anesthesia produces antidepressant-like behavioural effects in the learned helplessness paradigm and regulates molecular events implicated in the mechanism of action of rapid-acting antidepressant ketamine: activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) receptor TrkB, facilitation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta).	Isoflurane	22-32	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	254-287
28798343-2	2017	We show that a single isoflurane anesthesia produces antidepressant-like behavioural effects in the learned helplessness paradigm and regulates molecular events implicated in the mechanism of action of rapid-acting antidepressant ketamine: activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) receptor TrkB, facilitation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta).	Isoflurane	22-32	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	289-293
28798343-2	2017	We show that a single isoflurane anesthesia produces antidepressant-like behavioural effects in the learned helplessness paradigm and regulates molecular events implicated in the mechanism of action of rapid-acting antidepressant ketamine: activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) receptor TrkB, facilitation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta).	Isoflurane	22-32	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	304-308
28798343-2	2017	We show that a single isoflurane anesthesia produces antidepressant-like behavioural effects in the learned helplessness paradigm and regulates molecular events implicated in the mechanism of action of rapid-acting antidepressant ketamine: activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) receptor TrkB, facilitation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta).	Isoflurane	22-32	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	326-355
28798343-2	2017	We show that a single isoflurane anesthesia produces antidepressant-like behavioural effects in the learned helplessness paradigm and regulates molecular events implicated in the mechanism of action of rapid-acting antidepressant ketamine: activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) receptor TrkB, facilitation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta).	Isoflurane	22-32	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	357-361
28798343-2	2017	We show that a single isoflurane anesthesia produces antidepressant-like behavioural effects in the learned helplessness paradigm and regulates molecular events implicated in the mechanism of action of rapid-acting antidepressant ketamine: activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) receptor TrkB, facilitation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta).	Isoflurane	22-32	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	399-429
28798343-2	2017	We show that a single isoflurane anesthesia produces antidepressant-like behavioural effects in the learned helplessness paradigm and regulates molecular events implicated in the mechanism of action of rapid-acting antidepressant ketamine: activation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) receptor TrkB, facilitation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta).	Isoflurane	22-32	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	431-439
28277329-13	2017	In vitro, SP-B expression was higher in sevoflurane than isoflurane (P = .026).	Isoflurane	57-67	surfactant protein B	Rattus norvegicus	10-14
28488766-0	2017	Brief isoflurane anesthesia regulates striatal AKT-GSK3beta signaling and ameliorates motor deficits in a rat model of early-stage Parkinson"s disease.	Isoflurane	6-16	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
28488766-0	2017	Brief isoflurane anesthesia regulates striatal AKT-GSK3beta signaling and ameliorates motor deficits in a rat model of early-stage Parkinson"s disease.	Isoflurane	6-16	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	51-59
28488766-4	2017	Deep but brief (20-min) isoflurane anesthesia exposure increased the phosphorylation of GSK3beta at the inhibitory Ser9 residue, and induced phosphorylation of AKTThr308 (protein kinase B; negative regulator of GSK3beta) in the striatum of naive rats and rats with unilateral striatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion.	Isoflurane	24-34	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	88-96
28488766-4	2017	Deep but brief (20-min) isoflurane anesthesia exposure increased the phosphorylation of GSK3beta at the inhibitory Ser9 residue, and induced phosphorylation of AKTThr308 (protein kinase B; negative regulator of GSK3beta) in the striatum of naive rats and rats with unilateral striatal 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion.	Isoflurane	24-34	glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	211-219
28464236-0	2017	Neuroprotection by plumbagin involves BDNF-TrkB-PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2/JNK pathways in isoflurane-induced neonatal rats.	Isoflurane	84-94	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	38-42
29067448-0	2017	Downregulation of microRNA-448 improves isoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment in rats.	Isoflurane	40-50	microRNA 448	Rattus norvegicus	18-30
29067448-1	2017	The present study aimed to investigate the potential role of microRNA-448 (miR-448) in isoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment in rats.	Isoflurane	87-97	microRNA 448	Rattus norvegicus	61-73
29067448-1	2017	The present study aimed to investigate the potential role of microRNA-448 (miR-448) in isoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment in rats.	Isoflurane	87-97	microRNA 448	Rattus norvegicus	75-82
29067448-7	2017	In addition, isoflurane treatment induced neuron apoptosis and miR-448 was highly expressed in the hippocampal tissue of isoflurane-treated rats.	Isoflurane	13-23	microRNA 448	Rattus norvegicus	63-70
29067448-7	2017	In addition, isoflurane treatment induced neuron apoptosis and miR-448 was highly expressed in the hippocampal tissue of isoflurane-treated rats.	Isoflurane	121-131	microRNA 448	Rattus norvegicus	63-70
29067448-9	2017	Combined the results of the current study indicate that miR-448 knockdown may have pivotal roles in improving isoflurane-induced learning and memory impairment via suppressing neuron apoptosis.	Isoflurane	110-120	microRNA 448	Rattus norvegicus	56-63
28683067-0	2017	Early postnatal exposure to isoflurane causes cognitive deficits and disrupts development of newborn hippocampal neurons via activation of the mTOR pathway.	Isoflurane	28-38	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Mus musculus	143-147
28671983-0	2017	Isoflurane promotes phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils through AMPK-mediated ADAM17/Mer signaling.	Isoflurane	0-10	a disintegrin and metallopeptidase domain 17	Mus musculus	80-86
28671983-0	2017	Isoflurane promotes phagocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils through AMPK-mediated ADAM17/Mer signaling.	Isoflurane	0-10	MER proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase	Mus musculus	87-90
28671983-4	2017	Isoflurane significantly increased the surface expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase Mer in macrophages, but markedly decreased the levels of a soluble form of Mer protein in the medium.	Isoflurane	0-10	MER proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase	Mus musculus	90-93
28671983-4	2017	Isoflurane significantly increased the surface expression of the receptor tyrosine kinase Mer in macrophages, but markedly decreased the levels of a soluble form of Mer protein in the medium.	Isoflurane	0-10	MER proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase	Mus musculus	165-168
28671983-5	2017	Isoflurane treatment also caused a decrease in a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) on the cell surface and a concomitant increase in its cytoplasmic fraction.	Isoflurane	0-10	a disintegrin and metallopeptidase domain 17	Mus musculus	87-93
28671983-10	2017	Increased macrophage efferocytosis following isoflurane treatment correlates with upregulation of Mer surface expression through AMPK-mediated blockade of ADAM17 trafficking to the cell membrane.	Isoflurane	45-55	MER proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase	Mus musculus	98-101
28671983-10	2017	Increased macrophage efferocytosis following isoflurane treatment correlates with upregulation of Mer surface expression through AMPK-mediated blockade of ADAM17 trafficking to the cell membrane.	Isoflurane	45-55	a disintegrin and metallopeptidase domain 17	Mus musculus	155-161
28868166-8	2017	CONCLUSION: The effect of isoflurane on the circadian clock is time-dependent, and administered isoflurane anaesthesia at night had minimal effect on clock gene expression.	Isoflurane	26-36	clock circadian regulator	Rattus norvegicus	54-59
28464236-8	2017	Down-regulated PI3K/Akt signalling following isoflurane was activated by plumbagin as evidenced by raised PI3K/Akt pathway proteins - mTORc1, Akt, phospho-Akt, GSK-3beta, phospho-GSK-3beta, PTEN and NF-kappaBp65 in the hippocampal tissues as detected by Western blotting.	Isoflurane	45-55	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-23
27194299-0	2017	Anesthetic Isoflurane Induces DNA Damage Through Oxidative Stress and p53 Pathway.	Isoflurane	11-21	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	70-73
27194299-13	2017	Finally, p53 activator (actinomycin D) and inhibitor (pifithrin-alpha) attenuated and potentiated the isoflurane-induced increase in gammaH2A.X level, respectively.	Isoflurane	102-112	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	9-12
27194299-7	2017	Thus, we determined the interaction of isoflurane with reactive oxygen species (ROS), CAD, and p53 to illustrate the underlying mechanisms.	Isoflurane	39-49	DNA fragmentation factor, beta subunit	Mus musculus	86-89
27194299-14	2017	These findings suggest that isoflurane might induce DNA damage, as represented by increased gammaH2A.X level, via induction of oxidative stress and inhibition of the repair of DNA damage through the p53 signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	28-38	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	199-202
27194299-7	2017	Thus, we determined the interaction of isoflurane with reactive oxygen species (ROS), CAD, and p53 to illustrate the underlying mechanisms.	Isoflurane	39-49	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	95-98
27194299-9	2017	We showed that isoflurane increased levels of gammaH2A.X, cleaved caspase-3, and nucleus translocation of CAD and decreased levels of inhibitor of CAD (ICAD) and p53.	Isoflurane	15-25	DNA fragmentation factor, beta subunit	Mus musculus	106-109
27194299-9	2017	We showed that isoflurane increased levels of gammaH2A.X, cleaved caspase-3, and nucleus translocation of CAD and decreased levels of inhibitor of CAD (ICAD) and p53.	Isoflurane	15-25	DNA fragmentation factor, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	134-150
27194299-9	2017	We showed that isoflurane increased levels of gammaH2A.X, cleaved caspase-3, and nucleus translocation of CAD and decreased levels of inhibitor of CAD (ICAD) and p53.	Isoflurane	15-25	DNA fragmentation factor, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	152-156
27194299-9	2017	We showed that isoflurane increased levels of gammaH2A.X, cleaved caspase-3, and nucleus translocation of CAD and decreased levels of inhibitor of CAD (ICAD) and p53.	Isoflurane	15-25	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	162-165
28294340-0	2017	Neuroprotective effects of artemisinin against isoflurane-induced cognitive impairments and neuronal cell death involve JNK/ERK1/2 signalling and improved hippocampal histone acetylation in neonatal rats.	Isoflurane	47-57	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	120-123
28903389-0	2017	Epithelial HO-1/STAT3 affords the protection of subanesthetic isoflurane against zymosan-induced lung injury in mice.	Isoflurane	62-72	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	11-15
28903389-0	2017	Epithelial HO-1/STAT3 affords the protection of subanesthetic isoflurane against zymosan-induced lung injury in mice.	Isoflurane	62-72	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	16-21
28903389-7	2017	Mechanisticly, the epithelial protective effects of ISO on zymosan insult in vivo and in vitro were mediated by a positive feedback loop comprising STAT3 and HO-1.	Isoflurane	52-55	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	148-153
28903389-7	2017	Mechanisticly, the epithelial protective effects of ISO on zymosan insult in vivo and in vitro were mediated by a positive feedback loop comprising STAT3 and HO-1.	Isoflurane	52-55	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	158-162
28903389-9	2017	Overall, HO-1/STAT3 signaling is in favor of lung epithelial protection of ISO in zymosan-challenged mice, suggesting ISO as a valuable therapeutic agent for ALI.	Isoflurane	75-78	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	9-13
28903389-9	2017	Overall, HO-1/STAT3 signaling is in favor of lung epithelial protection of ISO in zymosan-challenged mice, suggesting ISO as a valuable therapeutic agent for ALI.	Isoflurane	75-78	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	14-19
28903389-9	2017	Overall, HO-1/STAT3 signaling is in favor of lung epithelial protection of ISO in zymosan-challenged mice, suggesting ISO as a valuable therapeutic agent for ALI.	Isoflurane	118-121	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	9-13
28903389-9	2017	Overall, HO-1/STAT3 signaling is in favor of lung epithelial protection of ISO in zymosan-challenged mice, suggesting ISO as a valuable therapeutic agent for ALI.	Isoflurane	118-121	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	14-19
28294340-0	2017	Neuroprotective effects of artemisinin against isoflurane-induced cognitive impairments and neuronal cell death involve JNK/ERK1/2 signalling and improved hippocampal histone acetylation in neonatal rats.	Isoflurane	47-57	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	124-130
28294340-4	2017	Isoflurane-induced upregulated cleaved caspase-3, Bax and Bad expression were downregulated.	Isoflurane	0-10	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	50-53
28294340-7	2017	Isoflurane-induced activation of JNK signalling and downregulated ERK1/2 expression was effectively modulated by artemisinin.	Isoflurane	0-10	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
28294340-7	2017	Isoflurane-induced activation of JNK signalling and downregulated ERK1/2 expression was effectively modulated by artemisinin.	Isoflurane	0-10	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	66-72
28413517-0	2017	Isoflurane anesthesia induces liver injury by regulating the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1.	Isoflurane	0-10	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	75-103
28240723-0	2017	Prolonged duration of isoflurane anesthesia impairs spatial recognition memory through the activation of JNK1/2 in the hippocampus of mice.	Isoflurane	22-32	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	105-111
28240723-6	2017	Mice treated with isoflurane for 4 h showed significantly decreased spontaneous alternations and decreased exploration parameters compared with the no anesthesia group, but this was not observed in mice treated with isoflurane for 1 or 2 h. The protein levels of p-JNK1/2 in the hippocampus were significantly increased at 10 min after isoflurane anesthesia for 1, 2, and 4 h compared with no anesthesia.	Isoflurane	18-28	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	265-271
28240723-7	2017	However, only isoflurane anesthesia for 4 h still increased JNK1/2 and p-JNK1/2 levels at 24 h after anesthesia.	Isoflurane	14-24	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	60-66
28240723-7	2017	However, only isoflurane anesthesia for 4 h still increased JNK1/2 and p-JNK1/2 levels at 24 h after anesthesia.	Isoflurane	14-24	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	73-79
28240723-8	2017	We concluded that prolonged duration of isoflurane anesthesia maintained the activation of JNK1/2, which led to memory impairment at 24 h after anesthesia.	Isoflurane	40-50	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Mus musculus	91-97
28238830-0	2017	Blood -brain barrier disruption was less under isoflurane than pentobarbital anesthesia via a PI3K/Akt pathway in early cerebral ischemia.	Isoflurane	47-57	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-102
28238830-2	2017	The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway has been reported to be involved in modulating BBB permeability and in isoflurane induced neuroprotection.	Isoflurane	130-140	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit gamma	Rattus norvegicus	4-29
28238830-2	2017	The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway has been reported to be involved in modulating BBB permeability and in isoflurane induced neuroprotection.	Isoflurane	130-140	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	37-40
28238830-13	2017	Our data demonstrated the importance of choice of anesthetics and suggest that PI3K/Akt signaling pathway plays a significant role in altering BBB disruption in cerebral ischemia during isoflurane but not during pentobarbital anesthesia.	Isoflurane	186-196	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	84-87
28328748-0	2017	Cyclophilin D Modulates the Cardiac Mitochondrial Target of Isoflurane, Sevoflurane, and Desflurane.	Isoflurane	60-70	peptidylprolyl isomerase F (cyclophilin F)	Mus musculus	0-13
28328748-8	2017	CONCLUSIONS: This study showed different effects of isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane on mitochondrial functions and highlighted the implication of CypD in the regulation of adenosine diphosphate consumption and complex I-induced radical oxygen species production.	Isoflurane	52-62	peptidylprolyl isomerase F (cyclophilin F)	Mus musculus	154-158
28539818-0	2017	Isoflurane preconditioning inhibits the effects of tissue-type plasminogen activator on brain endothelial cell in an in vitro model of ischemic stroke.	Isoflurane	0-10	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	51-84
28539818-11	2017	Our findings suggest that isoflurane pretreatment could attenuate tPA-exaggerated brain ischemic injury, by reducing tPA-induced LRP/NF-kappaB/Cox-2 in endothelial cells, endothelial MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation, and subsequent pro-apoptotic molecule in neurons after OGD/R.	Isoflurane	26-36	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	66-69
28539818-11	2017	Our findings suggest that isoflurane pretreatment could attenuate tPA-exaggerated brain ischemic injury, by reducing tPA-induced LRP/NF-kappaB/Cox-2 in endothelial cells, endothelial MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation, and subsequent pro-apoptotic molecule in neurons after OGD/R.	Isoflurane	26-36	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	117-120
28539818-11	2017	Our findings suggest that isoflurane pretreatment could attenuate tPA-exaggerated brain ischemic injury, by reducing tPA-induced LRP/NF-kappaB/Cox-2 in endothelial cells, endothelial MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation, and subsequent pro-apoptotic molecule in neurons after OGD/R.	Isoflurane	26-36	LDL receptor related protein 1	Homo sapiens	129-132
28539818-11	2017	Our findings suggest that isoflurane pretreatment could attenuate tPA-exaggerated brain ischemic injury, by reducing tPA-induced LRP/NF-kappaB/Cox-2 in endothelial cells, endothelial MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation, and subsequent pro-apoptotic molecule in neurons after OGD/R.	Isoflurane	26-36	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	133-142
28539818-11	2017	Our findings suggest that isoflurane pretreatment could attenuate tPA-exaggerated brain ischemic injury, by reducing tPA-induced LRP/NF-kappaB/Cox-2 in endothelial cells, endothelial MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation, and subsequent pro-apoptotic molecule in neurons after OGD/R.	Isoflurane	26-36	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	143-148
28539818-11	2017	Our findings suggest that isoflurane pretreatment could attenuate tPA-exaggerated brain ischemic injury, by reducing tPA-induced LRP/NF-kappaB/Cox-2 in endothelial cells, endothelial MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation, and subsequent pro-apoptotic molecule in neurons after OGD/R.	Isoflurane	26-36	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	183-188
28539818-11	2017	Our findings suggest that isoflurane pretreatment could attenuate tPA-exaggerated brain ischemic injury, by reducing tPA-induced LRP/NF-kappaB/Cox-2 in endothelial cells, endothelial MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation, and subsequent pro-apoptotic molecule in neurons after OGD/R.	Isoflurane	26-36	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	193-198
28345549-7	2017	RESULTS: The 0.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) isoflurane in 60% oxygen was the best combination of oxygen and isoflurane for reducing mortality in experimental sepsis induced by CLP, intraperitoneal injection of LPS, or zymosan.	Isoflurane	54-64	hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1	Mus musculus	186-189
28345549-7	2017	RESULTS: The 0.5 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) isoflurane in 60% oxygen was the best combination of oxygen and isoflurane for reducing mortality in experimental sepsis induced by CLP, intraperitoneal injection of LPS, or zymosan.	Isoflurane	118-128	hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1	Mus musculus	186-189
28485776-0	2017	Isoflurane and sevoflurane affects Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways in hippocampal formation of neonatal rats.	Isoflurane	0-10	Wnt family member 2	Rattus norvegicus	35-38
28485776-0	2017	Isoflurane and sevoflurane affects Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathways in hippocampal formation of neonatal rats.	Isoflurane	0-10	catenin beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-51
28485776-2	2017	The aim of this study was to investigate whether the Wnt pathway was involved in neonatal isoflurane and sevoflurane exposure-induced neurocognitive impairment.	Isoflurane	90-100	Wnt family member 2	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
28485776-8	2017	RESULTS: The results showed that isoflurane or sevoflurane could significantly increase neonatal death and cell lost in the developing brain and the Wnt inhibitor could improve the cell degeneration.	Isoflurane	33-43	Wnt family member 2	Rattus norvegicus	149-152
28485776-11	2017	q-PCR and Western blot demonstrated that isoflurane or sevoflurane affects expression levels of Wnt3a, GSK 3beta and beta-catenin.	Isoflurane	41-51	Wnt family member 3A	Rattus norvegicus	96-101
28485776-11	2017	q-PCR and Western blot demonstrated that isoflurane or sevoflurane affects expression levels of Wnt3a, GSK 3beta and beta-catenin.	Isoflurane	41-51	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	103-112
28485776-11	2017	q-PCR and Western blot demonstrated that isoflurane or sevoflurane affects expression levels of Wnt3a, GSK 3beta and beta-catenin.	Isoflurane	41-51	catenin beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	117-129
28485779-7	2017	Isoflurane increased the expression of interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) and activated caspase 3 in the hippocampus, but not cortex of the rats.	Isoflurane	0-10	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	39-56
28485779-7	2017	Isoflurane increased the expression of interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) and activated caspase 3 in the hippocampus, but not cortex of the rats.	Isoflurane	0-10	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	58-66
28485779-7	2017	Isoflurane increased the expression of interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) and activated caspase 3 in the hippocampus, but not cortex of the rats.	Isoflurane	0-10	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	82-91
28485779-11	2017	At the same time, IL-1beta may play an important role in this isoflurane effect.	Isoflurane	62-72	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	18-26
28549492-0	2017	Ginsenoside Rb1 Attenuates Isoflurane/surgery-induced Cognitive Dysfunction via Inhibiting Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress.	Isoflurane	27-37	RB transcriptional corepressor 1	Mus musculus	12-15
28549492-4	2017	We therefore set out to determine whether ginsenoside Rb1 can attenuate isoflurane/surgery-induced cognitive dysfunction via inhibiting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress.	Isoflurane	72-82	RB transcriptional corepressor 1	Mus musculus	54-57
28549492-10	2017	RESULTS: Here we show for the first time that the ginsenoside Rb1 treatment attenuated the isoflurane/surgery-induced cognitive impairment.	Isoflurane	91-101	RB transcriptional corepressor 1	Mus musculus	62-65
28549492-11	2017	Moreover, ginsenoside Rb1 attenuated the isoflurane/surgery-induced synapse dysfunction.	Isoflurane	41-51	RB transcriptional corepressor 1	Mus musculus	22-25
28549492-12	2017	Finally, ginsenoside Rb1 mitigated the isoflurane/surgery-induced elevation levels of reactive oxygen species, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in the mice hippocampus.	Isoflurane	39-49	RB transcriptional corepressor 1	Mus musculus	21-24
28549492-12	2017	Finally, ginsenoside Rb1 mitigated the isoflurane/surgery-induced elevation levels of reactive oxygen species, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in the mice hippocampus.	Isoflurane	39-49	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	111-138
28549492-12	2017	Finally, ginsenoside Rb1 mitigated the isoflurane/surgery-induced elevation levels of reactive oxygen species, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 in the mice hippocampus.	Isoflurane	39-49	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	143-156
28549492-13	2017	CONCLUSION: These results suggest that ginsenoside Rb1 may attenuate the isoflurane/surgery-induced cognitive impairment by inhibiting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress pending future studies.	Isoflurane	73-83	RB transcriptional corepressor 1	Mus musculus	51-54
28565808-0	2017	Rutin attenuates isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis via modulating JNK and p38 MAPK pathways in the hippocampi of neonatal rats.	Isoflurane	17-27	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
28565808-0	2017	Rutin attenuates isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis via modulating JNK and p38 MAPK pathways in the hippocampi of neonatal rats.	Isoflurane	17-27	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	74-77
28565808-11	2017	The expression levels of caspase-3, Bad, Bax and MAPK proteins, which were increased following isoflurane treatment, were rescued by rutin treatment.	Isoflurane	95-105	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	25-34
28565808-11	2017	The expression levels of caspase-3, Bad, Bax and MAPK proteins, which were increased following isoflurane treatment, were rescued by rutin treatment.	Isoflurane	95-105	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	41-44
28565808-11	2017	The expression levels of caspase-3, Bad, Bax and MAPK proteins, which were increased following isoflurane treatment, were rescued by rutin treatment.	Isoflurane	95-105	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	49-53
28565808-13	2017	Rutin provided neuroprotection against isoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis and improved the learning and memory of rats by effectively regulating the expression levels of proteins in the MAPK pathway.	Isoflurane	39-49	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	189-193
28303501-0	2017	Isoflurane Postconditioning Inhibits tPA-Induced Matrix Metalloproteinases Activation After Hypoxic Injury via Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Pathway.	Isoflurane	0-10	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	37-40
28303501-0	2017	Isoflurane Postconditioning Inhibits tPA-Induced Matrix Metalloproteinases Activation After Hypoxic Injury via Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein and Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase Pathway.	Isoflurane	0-10	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	164-201
28303501-3	2017	Previously, we showed that isoflurane postconditioning reduced intracranial hemorrhage following tPA treatment after cerebral ischemia.	Isoflurane	27-37	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	97-100
28303501-4	2017	Here, we investigated the mechanism by which isoflurane postconditioning reduces tPA-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation following hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in brain endothelial cells.	Isoflurane	45-55	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	81-84
28303501-4	2017	Here, we investigated the mechanism by which isoflurane postconditioning reduces tPA-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation following hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in brain endothelial cells.	Isoflurane	45-55	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	93-98
28303501-4	2017	Here, we investigated the mechanism by which isoflurane postconditioning reduces tPA-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation following hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in brain endothelial cells.	Isoflurane	45-55	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	103-108
28303501-6	2017	Cells were treated with isoflurane for 1 h of the reoxygenation condition and the effect of isoflurane postconditioning on MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation was assessed.	Isoflurane	92-102	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	123-128
28303501-6	2017	Cells were treated with isoflurane for 1 h of the reoxygenation condition and the effect of isoflurane postconditioning on MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation was assessed.	Isoflurane	92-102	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	133-138
28303501-7	2017	Involvement of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP), which is a receptor for tPA, and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and NF-kappaB pathway in isoflurane postconditioning was assessed using LRP inhibitor (receptor-associated protein, RAP) and ERK-1/2 inhibitor (PD98059).	Isoflurane	177-187	low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1	Mus musculus	65-68
28303501-7	2017	Involvement of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP), which is a receptor for tPA, and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and NF-kappaB pathway in isoflurane postconditioning was assessed using LRP inhibitor (receptor-associated protein, RAP) and ERK-1/2 inhibitor (PD98059).	Isoflurane	177-187	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	108-145
28303501-7	2017	Involvement of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP), which is a receptor for tPA, and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and NF-kappaB pathway in isoflurane postconditioning was assessed using LRP inhibitor (receptor-associated protein, RAP) and ERK-1/2 inhibitor (PD98059).	Isoflurane	177-187	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	147-150
28303501-7	2017	Involvement of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP), which is a receptor for tPA, and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and NF-kappaB pathway in isoflurane postconditioning was assessed using LRP inhibitor (receptor-associated protein, RAP) and ERK-1/2 inhibitor (PD98059).	Isoflurane	177-187	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	156-165
28303501-7	2017	Involvement of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP), which is a receptor for tPA, and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and NF-kappaB pathway in isoflurane postconditioning was assessed using LRP inhibitor (receptor-associated protein, RAP) and ERK-1/2 inhibitor (PD98059).	Isoflurane	177-187	low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1	Mus musculus	224-227
28303501-7	2017	Involvement of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP), which is a receptor for tPA, and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and NF-kappaB pathway in isoflurane postconditioning was assessed using LRP inhibitor (receptor-associated protein, RAP) and ERK-1/2 inhibitor (PD98059).	Isoflurane	177-187	low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein associated protein 1	Mus musculus	268-271
28303501-7	2017	Involvement of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP), which is a receptor for tPA, and the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and NF-kappaB pathway in isoflurane postconditioning was assessed using LRP inhibitor (receptor-associated protein, RAP) and ERK-1/2 inhibitor (PD98059).	Isoflurane	177-187	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	277-284
28303501-8	2017	Isoflurane postconditioning decreased tPA-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation under H/R.	Isoflurane	0-10	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	38-41
28303501-8	2017	Isoflurane postconditioning decreased tPA-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation under H/R.	Isoflurane	0-10	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	50-55
28303501-8	2017	Isoflurane postconditioning decreased tPA-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation under H/R.	Isoflurane	0-10	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	60-65
28303501-10	2017	Isoflurane postconditioning suppressed LRP expression, increased ERK-1/2 activation, and suppressed MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation, comparable to the effect of RAP.	Isoflurane	0-10	low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1	Mus musculus	39-42
28303501-10	2017	Isoflurane postconditioning suppressed LRP expression, increased ERK-1/2 activation, and suppressed MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation, comparable to the effect of RAP.	Isoflurane	0-10	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	65-72
28303501-10	2017	Isoflurane postconditioning suppressed LRP expression, increased ERK-1/2 activation, and suppressed MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation, comparable to the effect of RAP.	Isoflurane	0-10	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	100-105
28303501-10	2017	Isoflurane postconditioning suppressed LRP expression, increased ERK-1/2 activation, and suppressed MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation, comparable to the effect of RAP.	Isoflurane	0-10	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	110-115
28303501-11	2017	Activation of ERK-1/2, inhibition of NF-kappaB activation, and suppression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation by isoflurane postconditioning were abolished with PD98059 treatment.	Isoflurane	108-118	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	78-83
28303501-11	2017	Activation of ERK-1/2, inhibition of NF-kappaB activation, and suppression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation by isoflurane postconditioning were abolished with PD98059 treatment.	Isoflurane	108-118	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	88-93
28303501-12	2017	These finding indicate that isoflurane postconditioning inhibits tPA-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation following H/R via the LRP/ERK/NF-kappaB pathway in bEnd.3.	Isoflurane	28-38	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	65-68
28303501-12	2017	These finding indicate that isoflurane postconditioning inhibits tPA-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation following H/R via the LRP/ERK/NF-kappaB pathway in bEnd.3.	Isoflurane	28-38	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	77-82
28303501-12	2017	These finding indicate that isoflurane postconditioning inhibits tPA-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation following H/R via the LRP/ERK/NF-kappaB pathway in bEnd.3.	Isoflurane	28-38	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	87-92
28303501-12	2017	These finding indicate that isoflurane postconditioning inhibits tPA-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation following H/R via the LRP/ERK/NF-kappaB pathway in bEnd.3.	Isoflurane	28-38	low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1	Mus musculus	126-129
28303501-12	2017	These finding indicate that isoflurane postconditioning inhibits tPA-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation following H/R via the LRP/ERK/NF-kappaB pathway in bEnd.3.	Isoflurane	28-38	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	130-133
28303501-12	2017	These finding indicate that isoflurane postconditioning inhibits tPA-induced MMP-2 and MMP-9 activation following H/R via the LRP/ERK/NF-kappaB pathway in bEnd.3.	Isoflurane	28-38	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	134-143
28320952-7	2017	Interestingly, we show that anesthetics share with the antagonist A-967079 a potential binding pocket lined by residues in the S5, S6, and the first pore helix; isoflurane competitively disrupts A-967079 antagonism, and introducing these mammalian TRPA1 residues into dTRPA1 recapitulates anesthetic agonism.	Isoflurane	161-171	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	248-253
28320952-7	2017	Interestingly, we show that anesthetics share with the antagonist A-967079 a potential binding pocket lined by residues in the S5, S6, and the first pore helix; isoflurane competitively disrupts A-967079 antagonism, and introducing these mammalian TRPA1 residues into dTRPA1 recapitulates anesthetic agonism.	Isoflurane	161-171	Transient receptor potential cation channel A1	Drosophila melanogaster	268-274
28413517-8	2017	Compared with the control group, levels of IGF-1 and IGF-1R mRNA and protein were significantly decreased following exposure to isoflurane (all P&lt;0.05).	Isoflurane	128-138	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-48
28413517-8	2017	Compared with the control group, levels of IGF-1 and IGF-1R mRNA and protein were significantly decreased following exposure to isoflurane (all P&lt;0.05).	Isoflurane	128-138	insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	53-59
28413517-9	2017	The necrosis rate and liver apoptosis were significantly increased in the group treated with isoflurane alone compared with the control group (P&lt;0.05), but were significantly decreased compared with the isoflurane group following application of IGF-1 (P&lt;0.05).	Isoflurane	93-103	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	248-253
28413517-9	2017	The necrosis rate and liver apoptosis were significantly increased in the group treated with isoflurane alone compared with the control group (P&lt;0.05), but were significantly decreased compared with the isoflurane group following application of IGF-1 (P&lt;0.05).	Isoflurane	206-216	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	248-253
28413517-10	2017	Additionally, isoflurane exposure significantly increased levels of caspase-3 compared with the control group (P&lt;0.05), but decreased levels of Bcl-xL (P&lt;0.05).	Isoflurane	14-24	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	68-77
28413517-10	2017	Additionally, isoflurane exposure significantly increased levels of caspase-3 compared with the control group (P&lt;0.05), but decreased levels of Bcl-xL (P&lt;0.05).	Isoflurane	14-24	Bcl2-like 1	Rattus norvegicus	147-153
28413517-12	2017	The present study therefore suggests that isoflurane induces liver injury in part by regulating the expression of IGF-1 and that application of IGF-1 may protect against liver injury induced by isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	42-52	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-119
28413517-12	2017	The present study therefore suggests that isoflurane induces liver injury in part by regulating the expression of IGF-1 and that application of IGF-1 may protect against liver injury induced by isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	194-204	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	144-149
28050702-0	2017	Selective induction of IL-1beta after a brief isoflurane anesthetic in children undergoing MRI examination.	Isoflurane	46-56	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	23-31
28168839-0	2017	Histamine H3 Receptor Antagonist Prevents Memory Deficits and Synaptic Plasticity Disruption Following Isoflurane Exposure.	Isoflurane	103-113	histamine receptor H3	Rattus norvegicus	0-21
28050702-16	2017	CONCLUSIONS: A brief (approximately 60 min) exposure to isoflurane general anesthesia, without induced surgical stress, significantly increased serum IL-1beta, a selective activation marker of systemic inflammation (IL-1beta pathway).	Isoflurane	56-66	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	150-158
28050702-16	2017	CONCLUSIONS: A brief (approximately 60 min) exposure to isoflurane general anesthesia, without induced surgical stress, significantly increased serum IL-1beta, a selective activation marker of systemic inflammation (IL-1beta pathway).	Isoflurane	56-66	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	216-224
28050702-13	2017	RESULTS: For all patients, interleukin-1beta increased after isoflurane when compared to pre-isoflurane samples (pre = 25.97 +- 9.01, post = 38.53 +- 16.56, p = 0.0002).	Isoflurane	61-71	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	27-44
28386342-0	2017	Hydrogen-rich saline attenuates isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation and cognitive impairment via inhibition of isoflurane-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduction in ATP levels.	Isoflurane	32-42	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	51-60
28003439-4	2017	Our previous in vitro study showed that volatile anesthetic isoflurane directly inhibits leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) and macrophage-1 antigen (Mac-1), critical adhesion molecules on leukocytes.	Isoflurane	60-70	integrin alpha L	Mus musculus	89-128
28003439-4	2017	Our previous in vitro study showed that volatile anesthetic isoflurane directly inhibits leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) and macrophage-1 antigen (Mac-1), critical adhesion molecules on leukocytes.	Isoflurane	60-70	integrin alpha L	Mus musculus	130-135
28003439-4	2017	Our previous in vitro study showed that volatile anesthetic isoflurane directly inhibits leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) and macrophage-1 antigen (Mac-1), critical adhesion molecules on leukocytes.	Isoflurane	60-70	integrin alpha M	Mus musculus	141-161
28003439-4	2017	Our previous in vitro study showed that volatile anesthetic isoflurane directly inhibits leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) and macrophage-1 antigen (Mac-1), critical adhesion molecules on leukocytes.	Isoflurane	60-70	integrin alpha M	Mus musculus	163-168
28003439-5	2017	Thus, the role of isoflurane exposure on in vivo LFA-1 and Mac-1 function was examined using polymicrobial abdominal sepsis model in mice.	Isoflurane	18-28	integrin alpha L	Mus musculus	49-54
28003439-5	2017	Thus, the role of isoflurane exposure on in vivo LFA-1 and Mac-1 function was examined using polymicrobial abdominal sepsis model in mice.	Isoflurane	18-28	integrin alpha M	Mus musculus	59-64
28003439-11	2017	Isoflurane impaired neutrophil recruitment to the abdominal cavity by inhibiting LFA-1 function.	Isoflurane	0-10	integrin alpha L	Mus musculus	81-86
28003439-12	2017	Isoflurane also impaired bacterial phagocytosis via complement receptors including Mac-1.	Isoflurane	0-10	integrin alpha M	Mus musculus	83-88
28003439-13	2017	In conclusion, prolonged isoflurane exposure worsened the outcome of experimental polymicrobial abdominal sepsis and was associated with impaired neutrophil recruitment and bacterial phagocytosis via reduced LFA-1 and Mac-1 function.	Isoflurane	25-35	integrin alpha L	Mus musculus	208-213
28003439-13	2017	In conclusion, prolonged isoflurane exposure worsened the outcome of experimental polymicrobial abdominal sepsis and was associated with impaired neutrophil recruitment and bacterial phagocytosis via reduced LFA-1 and Mac-1 function.	Isoflurane	25-35	integrin alpha M	Mus musculus	218-223
28115220-0	2017	Anti-RAGE antibody attenuates isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in aged rats.	Isoflurane	30-40	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Rattus norvegicus	5-9
28115220-3	2017	The present study aimed to determine whether the RAGE-specific antibody protects against BBB disruption and cognitive impairment induced by isoflurane exposure in aged rats.	Isoflurane	140-150	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Rattus norvegicus	49-53
28115220-5	2017	The isoflurane anesthesia resulted in the upregulation of hippocampal RAGE expression, disruption of BBB integrity, neuroinflammation, and beta-amyloid (Abeta) accumulation in aged rats.	Isoflurane	4-14	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Rattus norvegicus	70-74
28115220-10	2017	These results demonstrate that RAGE signaling is involved in BBB damage after isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	78-88	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Rattus norvegicus	31-35
28115220-11	2017	Thus, the RAGE antibody represents a novel therapeutic intervention to prevent isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment.	Isoflurane	79-89	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Rattus norvegicus	10-14
28386342-4	2017	This study aimed to investigate the protective effect of hydrogen, a novel antioxidant, against isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation and cognitive impairment.	Isoflurane	96-106	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	115-124
28386342-7	2017	RESULTS: We found that HS attenuated isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation.	Isoflurane	37-47	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	56-65
28386342-10	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that HS attenuates isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation and cognitive impairment via inhibition of isoflurane-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduction in ATP levels.	Isoflurane	52-62	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	71-80
28062998-10	2017	SKF96365 and knock down of TRPC6 were able to inhibit the high glucose-induced increase of cytosolic Ca2+ and decrease isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells cultured with high glucose.	Isoflurane	119-129	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 6	Homo sapiens	27-32
28386342-1	2017	OBJECTIVES: The inhaled general anesthetic isoflurane has been shown to induce caspase-3 activation in vitro and in vivo.	Isoflurane	43-53	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	79-88
28386342-3	2017	Isoflurane can induce caspase-3 activation by causing accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduction in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels.	Isoflurane	0-10	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	22-31
26803495-9	2017	In contrast, a ROS scavenger NAC sustained the isoflurane-induced ATP elevation.	Isoflurane	47-57	synuclein alpha	Homo sapiens	29-32
27515785-6	2017	Furthermore, 4P-PDOT, a selective MT2 antagonist, blocked the protective effects of melatonin on isoflurane-induced decreases in both hippocampal MT2 expression and downstream CREB phosphorylation.	Isoflurane	97-107	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	176-180
27817157-12	2017	TAT-Pep5 pretreatment significantly blocked the isoflurane-mediated decrease in the beta-III tubulin to nestin ratio (p = 0.012) on day 1.	Isoflurane	48-58	VPS11 core subunit of CORVET and HOPS complexes	Homo sapiens	4-8
27836791-8	2017	In addition, BPV (pic) treatment reversed the activation of NR2B-containing NMDARs induced by repeated isoflurane exposures, while in turn, the antagonism of NR2B subunit with ifenprodil alleviated tau phosphorylation, indicating a possible role of NR2B as the downstream of PTEN in mediating tau phosphorylation in the neonatal rats repeatedly exposed to isoflurane.	Isoflurane	356-366	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	158-162
27836791-8	2017	In addition, BPV (pic) treatment reversed the activation of NR2B-containing NMDARs induced by repeated isoflurane exposures, while in turn, the antagonism of NR2B subunit with ifenprodil alleviated tau phosphorylation, indicating a possible role of NR2B as the downstream of PTEN in mediating tau phosphorylation in the neonatal rats repeatedly exposed to isoflurane.	Isoflurane	356-366	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	158-162
27836791-9	2017	In conclusion, our results reveal a novel role of PTEN in mediating tau phosphorylation and cognitive deficits caused by neonatal repeated exposures to isoflurane, implying that targeting on PTEN may be a potential therapeutic approach for the anesthetic-related cognitive decline in the developing brain.	Isoflurane	152-162	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Rattus norvegicus	50-54
27836791-9	2017	In conclusion, our results reveal a novel role of PTEN in mediating tau phosphorylation and cognitive deficits caused by neonatal repeated exposures to isoflurane, implying that targeting on PTEN may be a potential therapeutic approach for the anesthetic-related cognitive decline in the developing brain.	Isoflurane	152-162	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Rattus norvegicus	191-195
27836791-0	2017	Pharmacological inhibition of PTEN attenuates cognitive deficits caused by neonatal repeated exposures to isoflurane via inhibition of NR2B-mediated tau phosphorylation in rats.	Isoflurane	106-116	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Rattus norvegicus	30-34
27836791-0	2017	Pharmacological inhibition of PTEN attenuates cognitive deficits caused by neonatal repeated exposures to isoflurane via inhibition of NR2B-mediated tau phosphorylation in rats.	Isoflurane	106-116	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	135-139
27836791-3	2017	Our previous study has indicated the involvement of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) in isoflurane-induced decrease of self-renewal capacity in hippocampal neural precursor cells.	Isoflurane	118-128	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Rattus norvegicus	109-113
27836791-5	2017	Therefore, in the present in vivo study, we aimed to examine the effects of PTEN inhibition on the cognitive dysfunction and tau hyperphosphorylation caused by neonatal repeated exposures to isoflurane.	Isoflurane	191-201	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Rattus norvegicus	76-80
27836791-6	2017	Our results showed that the neonatal repeated exposures to isoflurane resulted in the activation of PTEN in the hippocampus.	Isoflurane	59-69	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Rattus norvegicus	100-104
27836791-7	2017	The treatment of PTEN inhibitor BPV (pic) restored PSD-95 synthesis, and attenuated tau phosphorylation as well as the cognitive dysfunction caused by the repeated isoflurane exposures.	Isoflurane	164-174	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Rattus norvegicus	17-21
27836791-8	2017	In addition, BPV (pic) treatment reversed the activation of NR2B-containing NMDARs induced by repeated isoflurane exposures, while in turn, the antagonism of NR2B subunit with ifenprodil alleviated tau phosphorylation, indicating a possible role of NR2B as the downstream of PTEN in mediating tau phosphorylation in the neonatal rats repeatedly exposed to isoflurane.	Isoflurane	103-113	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	60-64
27817157-14	2017	Isoflurane may be a powerful neuronal modulator during the early developmental period, partly mediated by activation of p75NTR.	Isoflurane	0-10	nerve growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	120-126
27940100-5	2017	Because adhesion molecule leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) is functionally important in NK cells and is inhibited by commonly used volatile anesthetics isoflurane and sevoflurane, we hypothesized that these anesthetics would attenuate NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity.	Isoflurane	167-177	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	26-65
27940100-5	2017	Because adhesion molecule leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) is functionally important in NK cells and is inhibited by commonly used volatile anesthetics isoflurane and sevoflurane, we hypothesized that these anesthetics would attenuate NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity.	Isoflurane	167-177	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	67-72
27940100-9	2017	Our data suggest that isoflurane and sevoflurane attenuated NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity at least partly by their LFA-1 inhibition in vitro.	Isoflurane	22-32	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	115-120
27918332-9	2017	Isoflurane enhanced the expression of heme oxygenase-1, glial fibrillary acidic protein, cleaved caspase-3, and Iba-1 in the spinal cord.	Isoflurane	0-10	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-54
27865880-0	2017	NOD2 mediates isoflurane preconditioning-induced protection of myocardial injury.	Isoflurane	14-24	nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
27865880-3	2017	In this study, we report that isoflurane, a commonly used inhaled anesthetic, can protect cardiomyocytes from anoxia/reoxygenation injury by a nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2)-dependent mechanism.	Isoflurane	30-40	nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 2	Homo sapiens	199-203
27865880-5	2017	In addition, western blot revealed that isoflurane reduces the expression of NOD2.	Isoflurane	40-50	nucleotide binding oligomerization domain containing 2	Homo sapiens	77-81
27865880-7	2017	Following preconditioning with SB203580, a p38MAPK inhibitor, the inhibitory effect of isoflurane on cardiomyocytes autophagy was further enhanced, which suggests that p38MAPK is involved in the mechanism of cardioprotection provided by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	87-97	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	43-50
27865880-7	2017	Following preconditioning with SB203580, a p38MAPK inhibitor, the inhibitory effect of isoflurane on cardiomyocytes autophagy was further enhanced, which suggests that p38MAPK is involved in the mechanism of cardioprotection provided by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	87-97	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	168-175
27865880-7	2017	Following preconditioning with SB203580, a p38MAPK inhibitor, the inhibitory effect of isoflurane on cardiomyocytes autophagy was further enhanced, which suggests that p38MAPK is involved in the mechanism of cardioprotection provided by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	237-247	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	168-175
27918332-9	2017	Isoflurane enhanced the expression of heme oxygenase-1, glial fibrillary acidic protein, cleaved caspase-3, and Iba-1 in the spinal cord.	Isoflurane	0-10	allograft inflammatory factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	112-117
27693962-0	2016	Effects of activin A and its downstream ERK1/2 in oxygen and glucose deprivation after isoflurane-induced postconditioning.	Isoflurane	87-97	inhibin subunit beta A	Rattus norvegicus	11-20
27396693-8	2017	Isoflurane exposure produced a significant increase in c-Fos-positive cells in the nucleus of the solitary tract and vestibular nuclei but not in the area postrema or dorsal motor nucleus.	Isoflurane	0-10	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	55-60
27396693-9	2017	These results indicate that the abdominal vagus plays no role in isoflurane-induced emesis and suggest that isoflurane activates emesis by action on the hindbrain, as shown by c-Fos labeling.	Isoflurane	108-118	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	176-181
27856360-0	2017	Sensitivity to isoflurane anesthesia increases in autism spectrum disorder Shank3+/ c mutant mouse model.	Isoflurane	15-25	SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3	Mus musculus	75-81
27856360-6	2017	Our study demonstrates that a Shank3+/DeltaC mutation in mice is associated with a reduction in both the MAC and RREC50 of isoflurane and down regulation of NR1 in vestibular nuclei and PSD95 in spinal cord.	Isoflurane	123-133	SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3	Mus musculus	30-36
27856360-7	2017	Decreased expression of NR1 and PSD95 in the central nervous system of Shank3+/DeltaC mice could help reduce the MAC and RREC50 of isoflurane, which would warrant confirmation in a clinical study.	Isoflurane	131-141	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA1 (zeta 1)	Mus musculus	24-27
27856360-7	2017	Decreased expression of NR1 and PSD95 in the central nervous system of Shank3+/DeltaC mice could help reduce the MAC and RREC50 of isoflurane, which would warrant confirmation in a clinical study.	Isoflurane	131-141	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4	Mus musculus	32-37
27856360-7	2017	Decreased expression of NR1 and PSD95 in the central nervous system of Shank3+/DeltaC mice could help reduce the MAC and RREC50 of isoflurane, which would warrant confirmation in a clinical study.	Isoflurane	131-141	SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3	Mus musculus	71-77
27876652-5	2017	When combining the two age groups (P20+P40), the animals exposed to isoflurane had 3.6 times as many apoptotic cells as the control animals.	Isoflurane	68-78	tubulin polymerization promoting protein family member 3	Homo sapiens	35-38
27876652-5	2017	When combining the two age groups (P20+P40), the animals exposed to isoflurane had 3.6 times as many apoptotic cells as the control animals.	Isoflurane	68-78	interleukin 9	Homo sapiens	39-42
27769790-0	2016	Isoflurane neurotoxicity involves activation of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha via intracellular calcium in neonatal rodents.	Isoflurane	0-10	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	48-79
27769790-1	2016	OBJECTIVE: Previously, we found that the inhaled anesthetic isoflurane up-regulated the transcriptional factor hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha protein levels during induction of neurodegeneration in the brain of neonatal rats.	Isoflurane	60-70	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	111-148
27769790-2	2016	Here, we investigated the role of HIF-1alpha and the underlying signaling pathway in the neurodegenration induced by isoflurane in rodent developing brain.	Isoflurane	117-127	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	34-44
27769790-7	2016	The role of HIF-1alpha on juvenile learning and memory impairment induced by isoflurane was studied by fear conditioning and extinction test and Morris water maze test.	Isoflurane	77-87	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	12-22
27769790-8	2016	RESULTS: Isoflurane induced HIF-1alpha gene expression and transcriptional activity in vitro.	Isoflurane	9-19	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	28-38
27769790-9	2016	Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of HIF-1alpha or knockdown of HIF-1alpha by shRNA counteracted the neurotoxicity of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	124-134	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	43-53
27769790-9	2016	Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of HIF-1alpha or knockdown of HIF-1alpha by shRNA counteracted the neurotoxicity of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	124-134	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	70-80
27769790-10	2016	Ca2+ signaling pathways involving PLC-gamma activation are required for isoflurane-evoked HIF-1alpha accumulation.	Isoflurane	72-82	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	90-100
27769790-12	2016	CONCLUSION: HIF-1alpha activation via cytosolic Ca2+ signaling pathway play a role in the mechanism of isoflurane-induced neurodegeneration in neonatal rodents, suggesting HIF-1alpha as a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of the deleterious effects of prolonged exposures to anesthetics.	Isoflurane	103-113	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	12-22
27769790-12	2016	CONCLUSION: HIF-1alpha activation via cytosolic Ca2+ signaling pathway play a role in the mechanism of isoflurane-induced neurodegeneration in neonatal rodents, suggesting HIF-1alpha as a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of the deleterious effects of prolonged exposures to anesthetics.	Isoflurane	103-113	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	172-182
27693962-0	2016	Effects of activin A and its downstream ERK1/2 in oxygen and glucose deprivation after isoflurane-induced postconditioning.	Isoflurane	87-97	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	40-46
27693962-4	2016	However, whether activin A and its downstream ERK1/2 were involved in isoflurane postconditioning-induced neuroprotection is unknown.	Isoflurane	70-80	inhibin subunit beta A	Rattus norvegicus	17-26
27878303-0	2016	Neuroprotective effects of vitexin against isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity by targeting the TRPV1 and NR2B signaling pathways.	Isoflurane	43-53	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-98
27878303-0	2016	Neuroprotective effects of vitexin against isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity by targeting the TRPV1 and NR2B signaling pathways.	Isoflurane	43-53	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	103-107
27841000-0	2016	A mutation in beta-amyloid precursor protein renders SH-SY5Y cells vulnerable to isoflurane toxicity: The role of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors.	Isoflurane	81-91	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	14-44
27878303-5	2016	In addition, treatment with vitexin suppressed isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation and increased beta-secretase 1 levels in PC12 cells.	Isoflurane	47-57	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	66-75
27841000-2	2016	The authors of the present study hypothesized that a mutation in beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP), which is a gene associated with familial Alzheimer"s disease, may render cells vulnerable to isoflurane-induced cytotoxicity via activation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R).	Isoflurane	196-206	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	65-95
27841000-5	2016	Treatment with isoflurane (1 MAC) for 8 h induced a higher degree of cytotoxicity, and a marked increase in [Ca2+]c and IP3R protein levels in mutated APP-transfected SH-SY5Y cells compared with vector-transfected SH-SY5Y cells.	Isoflurane	15-25	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3	Homo sapiens	120-124
27878303-7	2016	These results suggest that vitexin mediates its protective effects against isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity by targeting the TRPV1 and NR2B signaling pathways.	Isoflurane	75-85	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	125-130
27841000-2	2016	The authors of the present study hypothesized that a mutation in beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP), which is a gene associated with familial Alzheimer"s disease, may render cells vulnerable to isoflurane-induced cytotoxicity via activation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R).	Isoflurane	196-206	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3	Homo sapiens	286-290
27878303-7	2016	These results suggest that vitexin mediates its protective effects against isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity by targeting the TRPV1 and NR2B signaling pathways.	Isoflurane	75-85	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	135-139
27897153-0	2016	Isoflurane Promotes Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Malignancy by Activating the Akt-Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Signaling Pathway.	Isoflurane	0-10	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	76-109
27586008-0	2016	Isoflurane anesthesia exacerbates learning and memory impairment in zinc-deficient APP/PS1 transgenic mice.	Isoflurane	0-10	presenilin 1	Mus musculus	87-90
27586008-6	2016	The results demonstrated that isoflurane exposure showed no impact on learning and memory function, but induced transient elevation of neuroapoptosis in Zn-adequate APP/PS1 mice.	Isoflurane	30-40	presenilin 1	Mus musculus	169-172
27586008-7	2016	Exposure of isoflurane exhibited significant neuroapoptosis, Abeta generation, tau phosphorylation, and learning and memory impairment in APP/PS1 mice in the presence of Zn deficiency.	Isoflurane	12-22	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	61-66
27586008-7	2016	Exposure of isoflurane exhibited significant neuroapoptosis, Abeta generation, tau phosphorylation, and learning and memory impairment in APP/PS1 mice in the presence of Zn deficiency.	Isoflurane	12-22	presenilin 1	Mus musculus	142-145
27586008-8	2016	Appropriate Zn treatment improved learning and memory function, and prevented isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis in APP/PS1 mice.	Isoflurane	78-88	presenilin 1	Mus musculus	119-122
27586008-9	2016	Isoflurane exposure may cause potential neurotoxicity, which is tolerated to some extent in Zn-adequate APP/PS1 mice.	Isoflurane	0-10	presenilin 1	Mus musculus	108-111
27544482-0	2016	Isoflurane-induced inactivation of CREB through histone deacetylase 4 is responsible for cognitive impairment in developing brain.	Isoflurane	0-10	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	35-39
27544482-0	2016	Isoflurane-induced inactivation of CREB through histone deacetylase 4 is responsible for cognitive impairment in developing brain.	Isoflurane	0-10	histone deacetylase 4	Mus musculus	48-69
27544482-3	2016	Here we have shown that administration of isoflurane (1.4%) for 2h leads to transcriptional inactivation of CREB which results in loss of dendritic outgrowth and decreased expression level of proteins essential for memory and cognitive functions, such as BDNF, and c-fos in the developing brain of mice at postnatal day 7 (PND7).	Isoflurane	42-52	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	108-112
27544482-3	2016	Here we have shown that administration of isoflurane (1.4%) for 2h leads to transcriptional inactivation of CREB which results in loss of dendritic outgrowth and decreased expression level of proteins essential for memory and cognitive functions, such as BDNF, and c-fos in the developing brain of mice at postnatal day 7 (PND7).	Isoflurane	42-52	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	255-259
27544482-3	2016	Here we have shown that administration of isoflurane (1.4%) for 2h leads to transcriptional inactivation of CREB which results in loss of dendritic outgrowth and decreased expression level of proteins essential for memory and cognitive functions, such as BDNF, and c-fos in the developing brain of mice at postnatal day 7 (PND7).	Isoflurane	42-52	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	265-270
27544482-4	2016	To elucidate the molecular mechanism, we found that exposure to isoflurane leads to an increase in nuclear translocation of HDAC4, which interacts with CREB in the nucleus.	Isoflurane	64-74	histone deacetylase 4	Mus musculus	124-129
27544482-4	2016	To elucidate the molecular mechanism, we found that exposure to isoflurane leads to an increase in nuclear translocation of HDAC4, which interacts with CREB in the nucleus.	Isoflurane	64-74	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	152-156
27544482-6	2016	As a result, the expression level of BDNF, and c-fos were significantly down-regulated after administration of isoflurane in PND7 brain.	Isoflurane	111-121	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	37-41
27544482-6	2016	As a result, the expression level of BDNF, and c-fos were significantly down-regulated after administration of isoflurane in PND7 brain.	Isoflurane	111-121	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	47-52
27544482-8	2016	Moreover, administration of lentiviral particles of HDAC4 RNAi in primary neurons rescues neurite outgrowth following isoflurane treatment.	Isoflurane	118-128	histone deacetylase 4	Mus musculus	52-57
27544482-9	2016	Taken together, our study suggests that HDAC4-induced transcriptional inactivation of CREB is responsible for isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in the brain.	Isoflurane	110-120	histone deacetylase 4	Mus musculus	40-45
27544482-9	2016	Taken together, our study suggests that HDAC4-induced transcriptional inactivation of CREB is responsible for isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction in the brain.	Isoflurane	110-120	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	86-90
27897153-0	2016	Isoflurane Promotes Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Malignancy by Activating the Akt-Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Signaling Pathway.	Isoflurane	0-10	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	111-115
27897153-7	2016	RESULTS We demonstrated that isoflurane promotes proliferation, migration and invasiveness of NSCLC cells, as well as upregulation of the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway in NSCLC cells.	Isoflurane	29-39	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	138-141
27897153-7	2016	RESULTS We demonstrated that isoflurane promotes proliferation, migration and invasiveness of NSCLC cells, as well as upregulation of the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway in NSCLC cells.	Isoflurane	29-39	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	142-146
27897153-8	2016	Pharmacological inhibition of Akt-mTOR signaling abolished the ability of isoflurane to promote proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells, indicating that isoflurane promotes NSCLC cell malignancy by activating the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	74-84	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	30-33
27897153-8	2016	Pharmacological inhibition of Akt-mTOR signaling abolished the ability of isoflurane to promote proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells, indicating that isoflurane promotes NSCLC cell malignancy by activating the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	74-84	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	34-38
27897153-8	2016	Pharmacological inhibition of Akt-mTOR signaling abolished the ability of isoflurane to promote proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells, indicating that isoflurane promotes NSCLC cell malignancy by activating the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	74-84	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	227-230
27897153-8	2016	Pharmacological inhibition of Akt-mTOR signaling abolished the ability of isoflurane to promote proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells, indicating that isoflurane promotes NSCLC cell malignancy by activating the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	74-84	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	231-235
27897153-8	2016	Pharmacological inhibition of Akt-mTOR signaling abolished the ability of isoflurane to promote proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells, indicating that isoflurane promotes NSCLC cell malignancy by activating the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	167-177	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	30-33
27897153-8	2016	Pharmacological inhibition of Akt-mTOR signaling abolished the ability of isoflurane to promote proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells, indicating that isoflurane promotes NSCLC cell malignancy by activating the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	167-177	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	34-38
27897153-8	2016	Pharmacological inhibition of Akt-mTOR signaling abolished the ability of isoflurane to promote proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells, indicating that isoflurane promotes NSCLC cell malignancy by activating the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	167-177	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	227-230
27897153-8	2016	Pharmacological inhibition of Akt-mTOR signaling abolished the ability of isoflurane to promote proliferation, migration, and invasion of NSCLC cells, indicating that isoflurane promotes NSCLC cell malignancy by activating the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	167-177	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	231-235
27897153-9	2016	CONCLUSIONS Isoflurane promotes NSCLC proliferation, migration and invasion by activating the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	12-22	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	94-97
27897153-9	2016	CONCLUSIONS Isoflurane promotes NSCLC proliferation, migration and invasion by activating the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	12-22	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	98-102
27337223-10	2016	These effects are additive with those of isoflurane, consistent with a role for alpha2A-AR presynaptic heteroreceptor inhibition of nonadrenergic synaptic transmission in the anesthetic-sparing effects of alpha2A-AR agonists.	Isoflurane	41-51	adrenoceptor alpha 2A	Rattus norvegicus	205-215
27734482-7	2016	Both propofol and isoflurane improved left ventricular diastolic function as evidenced by significant increases in E/A ratios, and significant decreases in deceleration time and isovolumetric relaxation time; the improvement was greater in the isoflurane group (between groups, p = 0.001 for both E/A ratio and deceleration time at T1 and T2 and p = 0.006 for isovolumetric relaxation time at both T1 and T2 ).	Isoflurane	18-28	interleukin 1 receptor like 1	Homo sapiens	332-341
27734482-7	2016	Both propofol and isoflurane improved left ventricular diastolic function as evidenced by significant increases in E/A ratios, and significant decreases in deceleration time and isovolumetric relaxation time; the improvement was greater in the isoflurane group (between groups, p = 0.001 for both E/A ratio and deceleration time at T1 and T2 and p = 0.006 for isovolumetric relaxation time at both T1 and T2 ).	Isoflurane	18-28	interleukin 1 receptor like 1	Homo sapiens	398-407
27734482-7	2016	Both propofol and isoflurane improved left ventricular diastolic function as evidenced by significant increases in E/A ratios, and significant decreases in deceleration time and isovolumetric relaxation time; the improvement was greater in the isoflurane group (between groups, p = 0.001 for both E/A ratio and deceleration time at T1 and T2 and p = 0.006 for isovolumetric relaxation time at both T1 and T2 ).	Isoflurane	244-254	interleukin 1 receptor like 1	Homo sapiens	332-341
27734482-7	2016	Both propofol and isoflurane improved left ventricular diastolic function as evidenced by significant increases in E/A ratios, and significant decreases in deceleration time and isovolumetric relaxation time; the improvement was greater in the isoflurane group (between groups, p = 0.001 for both E/A ratio and deceleration time at T1 and T2 and p = 0.006 for isovolumetric relaxation time at both T1 and T2 ).	Isoflurane	244-254	interleukin 1 receptor like 1	Homo sapiens	398-407
27768775-0	2016	Dexmedetomidine Acts via the JAK2/STAT3 Pathway to Attenuate Isoflurane-Induced Neurocognitive Deficits in Senile Mice.	Isoflurane	61-71	Janus kinase 2	Mus musculus	29-33
27768775-0	2016	Dexmedetomidine Acts via the JAK2/STAT3 Pathway to Attenuate Isoflurane-Induced Neurocognitive Deficits in Senile Mice.	Isoflurane	61-71	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	34-39
27768775-14	2016	Increased phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 in the hippocampus induced by isoflurane was augmented by dexmedetomidine.	Isoflurane	74-84	Janus kinase 2	Mus musculus	29-33
27768775-14	2016	Increased phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3 in the hippocampus induced by isoflurane was augmented by dexmedetomidine.	Isoflurane	74-84	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	38-43
27768775-16	2016	Isoflurane promoted neuronal apoptosis and increased the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and BAD, and reduced Bcl-2 expression.	Isoflurane	0-10	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	110-115
27768775-18	2016	CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine could protect against isoflurane-induced spatial learning and memory impairment in senile mice by stimulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	50-60	Janus kinase 2	Mus musculus	142-146
27768775-18	2016	CONCLUSION: Dexmedetomidine could protect against isoflurane-induced spatial learning and memory impairment in senile mice by stimulating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	50-60	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	147-152
27474329-9	2016	MnSOD protein expression and enzymatic activity were increased drastically in response to isoflurane exposure in the hearts of the WKY rats (p&lt;0.05) but not in the SHRs.	Isoflurane	90-100	superoxide dismutase 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
27882174-0	2016	Reduction of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and cyclooxygenase-2 signaling by isoflurane inhibits proliferation and apoptosis evasion in human papillomavirus-infected laryngeal papillomas.	Isoflurane	84-94	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	13-49
27882174-0	2016	Reduction of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and cyclooxygenase-2 signaling by isoflurane inhibits proliferation and apoptosis evasion in human papillomavirus-infected laryngeal papillomas.	Isoflurane	84-94	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	54-70
27882174-5	2016	The inhibitory effects of ISO on COX2 expression and activity depended on the inactivation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in LP cells.	Isoflurane	26-29	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	33-37
27882174-5	2016	The inhibitory effects of ISO on COX2 expression and activity depended on the inactivation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in LP cells.	Isoflurane	26-29	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	94-130
27802272-0	2016	Isoflurane and Sevoflurane Induce Severe Hepatic Insulin Resistance in a Canine Model.	Isoflurane	0-10	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	49-56
27255599-9	2016	Taurine pretreatment dose-dependently inhibited isoflurane-induced increase in expression of ER stress biomarkers except for P-EIF2alpha and ATF-4, and reversed isoflurane-induced changes in apoptosis-related proteins.	Isoflurane	48-58	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A	Rattus norvegicus	127-136
27255599-9	2016	Taurine pretreatment dose-dependently inhibited isoflurane-induced increase in expression of ER stress biomarkers except for P-EIF2alpha and ATF-4, and reversed isoflurane-induced changes in apoptosis-related proteins.	Isoflurane	48-58	activating transcription factor 4	Rattus norvegicus	141-146
27513199-0	2016	Isoflurane attenuates mouse microglial engulfment induced by lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma possibly by inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.	Isoflurane	0-10	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	84-100
27513199-0	2016	Isoflurane attenuates mouse microglial engulfment induced by lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma possibly by inhibition of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase.	Isoflurane	0-10	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	127-130
27513199-2	2016	This study was designed to assess the effects of isoflurane on the microglial engulfment induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and the involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in these effects.	Isoflurane	49-59	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	130-146
27513199-2	2016	This study was designed to assess the effects of isoflurane on the microglial engulfment induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and the involvement of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in these effects.	Isoflurane	49-59	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	148-157
27513199-5	2016	Isoflurane concentration dependently decreased microglial engulfment stimulated by LPS and IFN-gamma.	Isoflurane	0-10	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	91-100
27513199-8	2016	SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, abolished the LPS-induced and IFN-gamma-induced increase of engulfment activity, whereas anisomycin, a p38 MAPK activator, partly reversed the isoflurane-decreased microglial engulfment activity.	Isoflurane	175-185	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	62-71
27513199-9	2016	These results suggest that isoflurane reduces LPS-induced and IFN-gamma-induced microglial engulfment and that these effects may be mediated by inhibiting p38 MAPK.	Isoflurane	27-37	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	62-71
27513199-9	2016	These results suggest that isoflurane reduces LPS-induced and IFN-gamma-induced microglial engulfment and that these effects may be mediated by inhibiting p38 MAPK.	Isoflurane	27-37	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	155-163
27591459-12	2016	RESULTS: Following isoflurane administration, there were less than 1% cells in apoptosis highlighted in rat livers from groups IM, I1 and I2.	Isoflurane	19-29	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 1A	Rattus norvegicus	131-140
27469140-0	2016	Isoflurane Preconditioning Induces Neuroprotection by Up-Regulation of TREK1 in a Rat Model of Spinal Cord Ischemic Injury.	Isoflurane	0-10	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 2	Rattus norvegicus	71-76
27469140-10	2016	Results showed that the mRNA and protein expressions of TREK1 increased significantly in group C and D. In neurons, when TREK1 silenced, isoflurane treatment improved the caspase-3 activity.	Isoflurane	137-147	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 2	Rattus norvegicus	56-61
27469140-10	2016	Results showed that the mRNA and protein expressions of TREK1 increased significantly in group C and D. In neurons, when TREK1 silenced, isoflurane treatment improved the caspase-3 activity.	Isoflurane	137-147	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 2	Rattus norvegicus	121-126
27469140-10	2016	Results showed that the mRNA and protein expressions of TREK1 increased significantly in group C and D. In neurons, when TREK1 silenced, isoflurane treatment improved the caspase-3 activity.	Isoflurane	137-147	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	171-180
27469140-13	2016	In conclusion, isoflurane-induced neuroprotection in spinal cord ischemic injury may be associated with the up-regulation of TREK1.	Isoflurane	15-25	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 2	Rattus norvegicus	125-130
27452780-12	2016	RESULTS: Following isoflurane administration, there were less than 1% cells in apoptosis highlighted in rat livers from groups IM, I1 and I2.	Isoflurane	19-29	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory (inhibitor) subunit 1A	Rattus norvegicus	131-140
27061744-5	2016	Our results elucidate that MINO down-regulated the isoflurane-induced and surgery-induced enhancement in the protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, interferon-gamma and microglia marker Iba-1, and up-regulated protein levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 and IL-10.	Isoflurane	51-61	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	183-205
27307148-8	2016	Decreased acetylation and increased HDAC2 activity were observed in the hippocampus of isoflurane-exposed rats and hippocampal neurons.	Isoflurane	87-97	histone deacetylase 2	Rattus norvegicus	36-41
27307148-9	2016	Furthermore, postnatal isoflurane exposure decreased histone acetylation of hippocampal neurons in the promoter regions of GLT-1 and mGLuR1/5, but not mGLuR2/3.	Isoflurane	23-33	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	123-128
27307148-9	2016	Furthermore, postnatal isoflurane exposure decreased histone acetylation of hippocampal neurons in the promoter regions of GLT-1 and mGLuR1/5, but not mGLuR2/3.	Isoflurane	23-33	glutamate metabotropic receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	133-139
27536989-0	2016	Maternal Exposure of Rats to Isoflurane during Late Pregnancy Impairs Spatial Learning and Memory in the Offspring by Up-Regulating the Expression of Histone Deacetylase 2.	Isoflurane	29-39	histone deacetylase 2	Rattus norvegicus	150-171
27498564-9	2016	Isoflurane concentrations that anesthetize only Ndufs4(KO) mice (0.6%) decreased the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) only in Ndufs4(KO) CA1 neurons, while concentrations effective in control mice (1.2%) decreased sEPSC frequencies in both control and Ndufs4(KO) CA1 pyramidal cells.	Isoflurane	0-10	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S4	Mus musculus	48-54
27498564-9	2016	Isoflurane concentrations that anesthetize only Ndufs4(KO) mice (0.6%) decreased the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) only in Ndufs4(KO) CA1 neurons, while concentrations effective in control mice (1.2%) decreased sEPSC frequencies in both control and Ndufs4(KO) CA1 pyramidal cells.	Isoflurane	0-10	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S4	Mus musculus	160-166
27498564-9	2016	Isoflurane concentrations that anesthetize only Ndufs4(KO) mice (0.6%) decreased the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) only in Ndufs4(KO) CA1 neurons, while concentrations effective in control mice (1.2%) decreased sEPSC frequencies in both control and Ndufs4(KO) CA1 pyramidal cells.	Isoflurane	0-10	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	171-174
27498564-9	2016	Isoflurane concentrations that anesthetize only Ndufs4(KO) mice (0.6%) decreased the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) only in Ndufs4(KO) CA1 neurons, while concentrations effective in control mice (1.2%) decreased sEPSC frequencies in both control and Ndufs4(KO) CA1 pyramidal cells.	Isoflurane	0-10	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S4	Mus musculus	160-166
27498564-9	2016	Isoflurane concentrations that anesthetize only Ndufs4(KO) mice (0.6%) decreased the frequency of spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents (sEPSCs) only in Ndufs4(KO) CA1 neurons, while concentrations effective in control mice (1.2%) decreased sEPSC frequencies in both control and Ndufs4(KO) CA1 pyramidal cells.	Isoflurane	0-10	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	297-300
27498564-12	2016	We propose that CA1 presynaptic excitatory neurotransmission is hypersensitive to isoflurane in Ndufs4(KO) mice due to the inhibition of pre-existing reduced complex I function, reaching a critical reduction that can no longer meet metabolic demands.	Isoflurane	82-92	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	16-19
27498564-12	2016	We propose that CA1 presynaptic excitatory neurotransmission is hypersensitive to isoflurane in Ndufs4(KO) mice due to the inhibition of pre-existing reduced complex I function, reaching a critical reduction that can no longer meet metabolic demands.	Isoflurane	82-92	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S4	Mus musculus	96-102
27536989-8	2016	The results showed that maternal exposure to isoflurane impaired learning and memory of the offspring, impaired the structure of the hippocampus, increased HDAC2 mRNA and downregulated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) mRNA, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2 subunit B (NR2B) mRNA and NR2B protein in the hippocampus.	Isoflurane	45-55	histone deacetylase 2	Rattus norvegicus	156-161
27536989-8	2016	The results showed that maternal exposure to isoflurane impaired learning and memory of the offspring, impaired the structure of the hippocampus, increased HDAC2 mRNA and downregulated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) mRNA, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2 subunit B (NR2B) mRNA and NR2B protein in the hippocampus.	Isoflurane	45-55	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	257-261
27536989-8	2016	The results showed that maternal exposure to isoflurane impaired learning and memory of the offspring, impaired the structure of the hippocampus, increased HDAC2 mRNA and downregulated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) mRNA, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2 subunit B (NR2B) mRNA and NR2B protein in the hippocampus.	Isoflurane	45-55	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	269-310
27536989-8	2016	The results showed that maternal exposure to isoflurane impaired learning and memory of the offspring, impaired the structure of the hippocampus, increased HDAC2 mRNA and downregulated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) mRNA, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2 subunit B (NR2B) mRNA and NR2B protein in the hippocampus.	Isoflurane	45-55	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	312-316
27536989-8	2016	The results showed that maternal exposure to isoflurane impaired learning and memory of the offspring, impaired the structure of the hippocampus, increased HDAC2 mRNA and downregulated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB) mRNA, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 2 subunit B (NR2B) mRNA and NR2B protein in the hippocampus.	Isoflurane	45-55	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	327-331
27536989-10	2016	These results suggest that exposure to isoflurane during late pregnancy can damage the learning and memory of the offspring rats via the HDAC2-CREB -NR2B pathway.	Isoflurane	39-49	histone deacetylase 2	Rattus norvegicus	137-142
27536989-10	2016	These results suggest that exposure to isoflurane during late pregnancy can damage the learning and memory of the offspring rats via the HDAC2-CREB -NR2B pathway.	Isoflurane	39-49	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	143-147
27536989-10	2016	These results suggest that exposure to isoflurane during late pregnancy can damage the learning and memory of the offspring rats via the HDAC2-CREB -NR2B pathway.	Isoflurane	39-49	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	149-153
27193325-3	2016	The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of H3R antagonist ciproxifan on isoflurane-induced deficits in an object recognition task.	Isoflurane	81-91	histamine receptor H3	Mus musculus	52-55
27347826-0	2016	Effects of anesthesia with isoflurane on plasma concentrations of adrenocorticotropic hormone in samples obtained from the cavernous sinus and jugular vein of horses.	Isoflurane	27-37	pro-opiomelanocortin	Equus caballus	66-93
26919917-0	2016	Orexin-A facilitates emergence of the rat from isoflurane anesthesia via mediation of the basal forebrain.	Isoflurane	47-57	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
26919917-1	2016	Previous studies have demonstrated that orexinergic neurons involve in promoting emergence from anesthesia of propofol, an intravenous anesthetics, while whether both of orexin-A and orexin-B have promotive action on emergence via mediation of basal forebrain (BF) in isoflurane anesthesia has not been elucidated.	Isoflurane	268-278	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	170-178
26919917-2	2016	In this study, we observed c-Fos expressions in orexinergic neurons following isoflurane inhalation (for 0, 30, 60, and 120min) and at the time when the righting reflex returned after the cessation of anesthesia.	Isoflurane	78-88	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	27-32
26919917-6	2016	The results showed that the numbers of c-Fos-immunoreactive orexinergic neurons in the hypothalamus decreased over time with continued isoflurane inhalation, but restored at emergence.	Isoflurane	135-145	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	39-44
26919917-8	2016	Administration of orexins had no effect on the induction time, but orexin-A facilitated the emergence of rats from isoflurane anesthesia while orexin-B didn"t.	Isoflurane	115-125	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	67-75
26919917-10	2016	The results indicate that orexin-A plays a promotive role in the emergence of isoflurane anesthesia and this effect is mediated by the basal forebrain.	Isoflurane	78-88	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	26-34
27023766-11	2016	Mice anesthetized with isoflurane and sevoflurane showed thinner alveolar septa, lower VILI scores, lower polymorph neutrophil counts, and lower interleukin-1beta concentrations than ketamine mice.	Isoflurane	23-33	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	145-162
27347079-0	2016	TNF-alpha receptor antagonist attenuates isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in aged rats.	Isoflurane	41-51	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	0-9
27347033-0	2016	Increased extrasynaptic GluN2B expression is involved in cognitive impairment after isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	84-94	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	24-30
27347033-2	2016	Isoflurane exposure induced increased N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor (NMDAR) GluN2B subunit expression following anesthesia, which was accompanied by alteration of the cognitive function.	Isoflurane	0-10	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	80-86
27347079-4	2016	Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate whether TNF-alpha signaling is involved in the isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in aged rats, and whether TNF-alpha receptor antagonist are able to attenuate isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment in aged rats.	Isoflurane	217-227	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	165-174
27347033-4	2016	The aims of the study were to investigate the effects of isoflurane on the expression of the synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDAR subunits, GluN2A and GluN2B, as well as the associated alteration of cognitive function in aged rats.	Isoflurane	57-67	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2A	Rattus norvegicus	136-142
27347079-7	2016	Furthermore, isoflurane exposure induced marked upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8 in the hippocampus tissue.	Isoflurane	13-23	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	101-123
27347033-4	2016	The aims of the study were to investigate the effects of isoflurane on the expression of the synaptic and extrasynaptic NMDAR subunits, GluN2A and GluN2B, as well as the associated alteration of cognitive function in aged rats.	Isoflurane	57-67	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	147-153
27347033-8	2016	Extrasynaptic GluN2B protein expression, but not synaptic GluN2B or GluN2A, increased significantly after isoflurane exposure compared to non-isoflurane exposure, and returned to control levels approximately 30 days thereafter.	Isoflurane	106-116	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	14-20
27347079-7	2016	Furthermore, isoflurane exposure induced marked upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8 in the hippocampus tissue.	Isoflurane	13-23	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	125-134
27347033-8	2016	Extrasynaptic GluN2B protein expression, but not synaptic GluN2B or GluN2A, increased significantly after isoflurane exposure compared to non-isoflurane exposure, and returned to control levels approximately 30 days thereafter.	Isoflurane	142-152	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	14-20
27347033-9	2016	The results of the present study indicated that isoflurane induced the prolonged upregulation of extrasynaptic GluN2B expression after anesthesia and is involved in reversible cognitive impairment.	Isoflurane	48-58	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	111-117
27347079-7	2016	Furthermore, isoflurane exposure induced marked upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-8 in the hippocampus tissue.	Isoflurane	13-23	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	136-140
27347079-8	2016	In the experimental group, intracisternal administration of TNF-alpha receptor antagonist R-7050 significantly attenuated isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment and upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines.	Isoflurane	122-132	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	60-69
27347079-9	2016	Further investigation revealed that intracisternal administration of TNF-alpha receptor antagonist R-7050 notably suppressed isoflurane-induced activation of NF-kappaB and MAPK signaling.	Isoflurane	125-135	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	69-78
27176636-0	2016	Emulsified isoflurane treatment inhibits the cell cycle and respiration of human bronchial epithelial 16HBE cells in a p53-independent manner.	Isoflurane	11-21	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	119-122
26810756-0	2016	Isoflurane postconditioning induces concentration- and timing-dependent neuroprotection partly mediated by the GluR2 AMPA receptor in neonatal rats after brain hypoxia-ischemia.	Isoflurane	0-10	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2	Rattus norvegicus	111-116
27074656-6	2016	In particular, isoflurane increases glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3beta) phosphorylation at the inhibitory Ser(9) residue and regulates the phosphorylation of multiple proteins downstream and upstream of this promiscuous kinase that regulate diverse biological functions.	Isoflurane	15-25	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Mus musculus	36-66
27074656-6	2016	In particular, isoflurane increases glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK3beta) phosphorylation at the inhibitory Ser(9) residue and regulates the phosphorylation of multiple proteins downstream and upstream of this promiscuous kinase that regulate diverse biological functions.	Isoflurane	15-25	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Mus musculus	68-76
26971629-5	2016	Using c-Fos immunohistochemistry as a marker of neural activity, we first show a selective increase in active neurons in the PBN during passive emergence from isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	159-169	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	6-11
27074656-8	2016	We further demonstrate that diverse anesthetics (sevoflurane, urethane, ketamine) produce essentially similar phosphorylation changes on GSK3beta, p44/p42-MAPK, and MAP2 as observed with isoflurane.	Isoflurane	187-197	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Mus musculus	137-145
27074656-8	2016	We further demonstrate that diverse anesthetics (sevoflurane, urethane, ketamine) produce essentially similar phosphorylation changes on GSK3beta, p44/p42-MAPK, and MAP2 as observed with isoflurane.	Isoflurane	187-197	microtubule-associated protein 2	Mus musculus	165-169
27378846-7	2016	Crosslinking also inhibited butanol and isoflurane potentiation in the TM3-4 mutants (A288C/Y406C, A288C/W407C, A288C/I409C, A288C/Y410C) with no effect in single mutants or wild-type.	Isoflurane	40-50	tropomyosin 3	Homo sapiens	71-74
27323147-0	2016	A single nucleotide polymorphism in GABAA receptor isoforms is potentially responsible for isoflurane sensitivity in mice.	Isoflurane	91-101	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	36-41
27323147-2	2016	The cDNA sequences of GABAA receptor subunits from two strains of mice with different sensitivities to isoflurane were compared to identify nucleotide mutations.	Isoflurane	103-113	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	22-27
26810756-13	2016	GluR2 protein expression on cellular membranes was reduced after HI compared with sham surgery group (p &lt; 0.05); this down-regulation was attenuated by isoflurane postconditioning.	Isoflurane	155-165	glutamate ionotropic receptor AMPA type subunit 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
26846682-0	2016	Cardioprotection from emulsified isoflurane postconditioning is lost in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes due to the impairment of Brg1/Nrf2/STAT3 signalling.	Isoflurane	33-43	SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 4	Rattus norvegicus	139-143
27144523-2	2016	Previous studies using zymosan-triggered inflammation and ALI model revealed that zymosan promotes inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression in neutrophils, and that isoflurane inhibits zymosan-induced oxidative stress and iNOS biosynthesis.	Isoflurane	164-174	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	221-225
27144523-6	2016	Subanesthetic isoflurane counteracts the aforementioned zymosan-induced signaling by targeting N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) glutamate receptor and thereby suppressing calcium influx and c-Src activation.	Isoflurane	14-24	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	189-194
26859875-0	2016	Emulsified Isoflurane Protects Against Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia Injury in Rats via the PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway.	Isoflurane	11-21	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-104
26859875-2	2016	In this study, we investigated whether IV pretreatment with emulsified isoflurane (EI) could decrease ischemic brain injury related to the PI3K/Akt pathway.	Isoflurane	71-81	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	144-147
27144523-0	2016	Subanesthetic isoflurane relieves zymosan-induced neutrophil inflammatory response by targeting NMDA glutamate receptor and Toll-like receptor 2 signaling.	Isoflurane	14-24	toll like receptor 2	Homo sapiens	124-144
26944333-0	2016	BDNF pathway is involved in the protective effects of SS-31 on isoflurane-induced cognitive deficits in aging mice.	Isoflurane	63-73	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	0-4
26944333-9	2016	Of note, the isoflurane-induced cognitive deficits were rescued by SS-31 through reversal of mitochondrial dysfunction, which facilitated the regulation of BDNF signaling including the expression reversal of aforementioned important synaptic-signaling proteins in aging mice.	Isoflurane	13-23	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	156-160
27347312-0	2016	Isoflurane attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting ROS-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation.	Isoflurane	0-10	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Rattus norvegicus	94-99
27347312-6	2016	ISO treatment decreased the myeloperoxidase activity, F4/80-positive cells, and the mRNA expression of IL-1beta and IL-18 in the lung tissues of LPS-treated rats.	Isoflurane	0-3	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	103-111
27347312-6	2016	ISO treatment decreased the myeloperoxidase activity, F4/80-positive cells, and the mRNA expression of IL-1beta and IL-18 in the lung tissues of LPS-treated rats.	Isoflurane	0-3	interleukin 18	Rattus norvegicus	116-121
26846682-0	2016	Cardioprotection from emulsified isoflurane postconditioning is lost in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes due to the impairment of Brg1/Nrf2/STAT3 signalling.	Isoflurane	33-43	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	144-148
26846682-0	2016	Cardioprotection from emulsified isoflurane postconditioning is lost in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes due to the impairment of Brg1/Nrf2/STAT3 signalling.	Isoflurane	33-43	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	149-154
27035665-0	2016	Astaxanthin reduces isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis via the PI3K/Akt pathway.	Isoflurane	20-30	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
27035665-8	2016	The present study demonstrated that downregulation of the PI3K/Akt pathway reduced the effect of astaxanthin to protect against isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis in the in vitro model.	Isoflurane	128-138	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-66
27035665-4	2016	The results demonstrated that isoflurane induced brain damage, increased caspase-3 activity and suppressed the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway in an in vivo model.	Isoflurane	30-40	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	73-82
27035665-9	2016	The results of the current study suggested that the protective effect of astaxanthin reduces the isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis via activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	97-107	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	158-161
27035665-4	2016	The results demonstrated that isoflurane induced brain damage, increased caspase-3 activity and suppressed the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway in an in vivo model.	Isoflurane	30-40	phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit gamma	Rattus norvegicus	111-140
27035665-4	2016	The results demonstrated that isoflurane induced brain damage, increased caspase-3 activity and suppressed the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway in an in vivo model.	Isoflurane	30-40	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	166-169
27035665-5	2016	However, treatment with astaxanthin significantly inhibited brain damage, suppressed caspase-3 activity and upregulated the PI3K/Akt pathway in the isoflurane-induced rats.	Isoflurane	148-158	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-132
27035665-6	2016	Furthermore, isoflurane suppressed cell growth, induced cell apoptosis, enhanced caspase-3 activity and downregulated the PI3K/Akt pathway in organotypic hippocampal slice culture.	Isoflurane	13-23	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	81-90
27035665-6	2016	Furthermore, isoflurane suppressed cell growth, induced cell apoptosis, enhanced caspase-3 activity and downregulated the PI3K/Akt pathway in organotypic hippocampal slice culture.	Isoflurane	13-23	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	127-130
27079717-2	2016	OBJECTIVE: We asked whether isoflurane and propofol have differential effects on the tau/Abeta ratio (the primary outcome), and individual AD biomarkers.	Isoflurane	28-38	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	85-88
27079717-2	2016	OBJECTIVE: We asked whether isoflurane and propofol have differential effects on the tau/Abeta ratio (the primary outcome), and individual AD biomarkers.	Isoflurane	28-38	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	89-94
27079717-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Preclinical studies have found differential effects of isoflurane and propofol on the Alzheimer"s disease (AD)-associated markers tau, phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and amyloid-beta (Abeta).	Isoflurane	67-77	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	142-145
27079717-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Preclinical studies have found differential effects of isoflurane and propofol on the Alzheimer"s disease (AD)-associated markers tau, phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and amyloid-beta (Abeta).	Isoflurane	67-77	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	178-190
27079717-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Preclinical studies have found differential effects of isoflurane and propofol on the Alzheimer"s disease (AD)-associated markers tau, phosphorylated tau (p-tau) and amyloid-beta (Abeta).	Isoflurane	67-77	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	192-197
26921217-11	2016	CONCLUSIONS: A total of 1000 IU kg(-1) IP erythropoietin diminished isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis.	Isoflurane	68-78	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	42-56
26854136-10	2016	Levels of ROS, Bax, caspase-3 and BACE were increased, whereas expression of Bcl-2 was decreased, in cells treated with 95% oxygen plus 2.4% isoflurane compared with the control and 2.4% isoflurane plus air groups.	Isoflurane	141-151	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	15-18
26854136-10	2016	Levels of ROS, Bax, caspase-3 and BACE were increased, whereas expression of Bcl-2 was decreased, in cells treated with 95% oxygen plus 2.4% isoflurane compared with the control and 2.4% isoflurane plus air groups.	Isoflurane	141-151	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	20-29
26854136-10	2016	Levels of ROS, Bax, caspase-3 and BACE were increased, whereas expression of Bcl-2 was decreased, in cells treated with 95% oxygen plus 2.4% isoflurane compared with the control and 2.4% isoflurane plus air groups.	Isoflurane	141-151	beta-secretase 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
26854136-10	2016	Levels of ROS, Bax, caspase-3 and BACE were increased, whereas expression of Bcl-2 was decreased, in cells treated with 95% oxygen plus 2.4% isoflurane compared with the control and 2.4% isoflurane plus air groups.	Isoflurane	141-151	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	77-82
26854136-10	2016	Levels of ROS, Bax, caspase-3 and BACE were increased, whereas expression of Bcl-2 was decreased, in cells treated with 95% oxygen plus 2.4% isoflurane compared with the control and 2.4% isoflurane plus air groups.	Isoflurane	187-197	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	77-82
26921217-0	2016	Erythropoietin diminishes isoflurane-induced apoptosis in rat frontal cortex.	Isoflurane	26-36	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	0-14
26550949-10	2016	The combination of ELISA and Western blot results showed that glycyrrhizin attenuated isoflurane-induced increases of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-1beta) and activation of HMGB1/NFkappaB signaling pathway in the hippocampus of neonatal rats.	Isoflurane	86-96	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	146-155
26921217-2	2016	The aim of this study was to determine the neuroprotective effect of erythropoietin after isoflurane anesthesia in rat pups.	Isoflurane	90-100	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	69-83
26898453-0	2016	Transforming growth-beta 1 contributes to isoflurane postconditioning against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating the c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	42-52	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	133-156
26898453-15	2016	TGF-beta1 and p-Smad2/3 protein gradually increased after I/R injury, with the highest values observed in the 1.5% and 3% isoflurane postconditioning groups.	Isoflurane	122-132	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-9
26898453-15	2016	TGF-beta1 and p-Smad2/3 protein gradually increased after I/R injury, with the highest values observed in the 1.5% and 3% isoflurane postconditioning groups.	Isoflurane	122-132	SMAD family member 3	Rattus norvegicus	16-23
26898453-24	2016	CONCLUSIONS: Up to 1.5% isoflurane can upregulate the expression of TGF-beta1 and downregulate that of p-JNK, which significantly mitigated I/R injury, leading to cerebral injury.	Isoflurane	24-34	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	68-77
26898453-24	2016	CONCLUSIONS: Up to 1.5% isoflurane can upregulate the expression of TGF-beta1 and downregulate that of p-JNK, which significantly mitigated I/R injury, leading to cerebral injury.	Isoflurane	24-34	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	105-108
26898453-26	2016	Overall, the present results provided valid evidence to demonstrate that TGF-beta1 contributes to isoflurane postconditioning against cerebral I/R injury by inhibiting the JNK signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	98-108	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	73-82
26898453-26	2016	Overall, the present results provided valid evidence to demonstrate that TGF-beta1 contributes to isoflurane postconditioning against cerebral I/R injury by inhibiting the JNK signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	98-108	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	172-175
26550949-10	2016	The combination of ELISA and Western blot results showed that glycyrrhizin attenuated isoflurane-induced increases of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-1beta) and activation of HMGB1/NFkappaB signaling pathway in the hippocampus of neonatal rats.	Isoflurane	86-96	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	160-168
26550949-10	2016	The combination of ELISA and Western blot results showed that glycyrrhizin attenuated isoflurane-induced increases of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-1beta) and activation of HMGB1/NFkappaB signaling pathway in the hippocampus of neonatal rats.	Isoflurane	86-96	high mobility group box 1	Rattus norvegicus	188-193
26950449-0	2016	Isoflurane preconditioning protects rat brain from ischemia reperfusion injury via up-regulating the HIF-1alpha expression through Akt/mTOR/s6K activation.	Isoflurane	0-10	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	101-111
26742790-0	2016	Effects of isoflurane and ethanol administration on c-Fos immunoreactivity in mice.	Isoflurane	11-21	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	52-57
26742790-4	2016	Therefore, the current study investigated whole-brain c-Fos activation following isoflurane anesthesia as well as ethanol-induced activation of c-Fos in anesthetized mice.	Isoflurane	81-91	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	54-59
26742790-5	2016	In the first experiment, we examined effects of one or three sessions of gaseous isoflurane on c-Fos activation across the brain in male C57BL/6J mice.	Isoflurane	81-91	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	95-100
26742790-6	2016	Isoflurane administration led to c-Fos activation in several areas, including the piriform cortex and lateral septum.	Isoflurane	0-10	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	33-38
26950449-0	2016	Isoflurane preconditioning protects rat brain from ischemia reperfusion injury via up-regulating the HIF-1alpha expression through Akt/mTOR/s6K activation.	Isoflurane	0-10	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	131-134
26950449-0	2016	Isoflurane preconditioning protects rat brain from ischemia reperfusion injury via up-regulating the HIF-1alpha expression through Akt/mTOR/s6K activation.	Isoflurane	0-10	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	135-139
26950449-0	2016	Isoflurane preconditioning protects rat brain from ischemia reperfusion injury via up-regulating the HIF-1alpha expression through Akt/mTOR/s6K activation.	Isoflurane	0-10	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Rattus norvegicus	140-143
26950449-4	2016	From the in vivo studies, we demonstrated that ISO preconditioning alleviated the IR-induced neurological deficits, infarct volume, brain edema and cell apoptosis, which were mainly due to the up-regulation of the p-Akt, p-mTOR and p-s6K proteins by the histopathological detections and Western blotting assay.	Isoflurane	47-50	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	216-219
26950449-4	2016	From the in vivo studies, we demonstrated that ISO preconditioning alleviated the IR-induced neurological deficits, infarct volume, brain edema and cell apoptosis, which were mainly due to the up-regulation of the p-Akt, p-mTOR and p-s6K proteins by the histopathological detections and Western blotting assay.	Isoflurane	47-50	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	223-227
26950449-4	2016	From the in vivo studies, we demonstrated that ISO preconditioning alleviated the IR-induced neurological deficits, infarct volume, brain edema and cell apoptosis, which were mainly due to the up-regulation of the p-Akt, p-mTOR and p-s6K proteins by the histopathological detections and Western blotting assay.	Isoflurane	47-50	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Rattus norvegicus	234-237
26564126-0	2016	RGS Proteins and Galphai2 Modulate Sleep, Wakefulness, and Disruption of Sleep/ Wake States after Isoflurane and Sevoflurane Anesthesia.	Isoflurane	98-108	guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha inhibiting 2	Mus musculus	17-25
26897636-0	2016	The involvement of protein kinase C-epsilon in isoflurane induced preconditioning of human embryonic stem cell--derived Nkx2.5(+) cardiac progenitor cells.	Isoflurane	47-57	protein kinase C epsilon	Homo sapiens	19-43
26897636-0	2016	The involvement of protein kinase C-epsilon in isoflurane induced preconditioning of human embryonic stem cell--derived Nkx2.5(+) cardiac progenitor cells.	Isoflurane	47-57	NK2 homeobox 5	Homo sapiens	120-126
26897636-2	2016	We investigated the role of protein kinase C and isoform protein kinase C-epsilon in isoflurane-induced preconditioning of cardiac progenitor cells exposed to oxidative stress.	Isoflurane	85-95	protein kinase C epsilon	Homo sapiens	57-81
26897636-9	2016	Inhibitors of both protein kinase C and protein kinase C -epsilon abolished the preconditioning effect of isoflurane 0.5 mM (death rates 27.6 +- 13.5% and 25.9 +- 8.7% respectively), and activators of both protein kinase C and protein kinase C - epsilon had protective effects from oxidative stress (death rates 16.0 +- 3.2% and 10.6 +- 3.8% respectively).	Isoflurane	106-116	protein kinase C epsilon	Homo sapiens	227-253
26897636-10	2016	CONCLUSIONS: Both PKC and PKC-epsilon are involved in isoflurane-induced preconditioning of human embryonic stem cells -derived Nkx2.5(+) Cardiac progenitor cells under oxidative stress.	Isoflurane	54-64	protein kinase C epsilon	Homo sapiens	18-21
26897636-10	2016	CONCLUSIONS: Both PKC and PKC-epsilon are involved in isoflurane-induced preconditioning of human embryonic stem cells -derived Nkx2.5(+) Cardiac progenitor cells under oxidative stress.	Isoflurane	54-64	protein kinase C epsilon	Homo sapiens	26-37
26897636-10	2016	CONCLUSIONS: Both PKC and PKC-epsilon are involved in isoflurane-induced preconditioning of human embryonic stem cells -derived Nkx2.5(+) Cardiac progenitor cells under oxidative stress.	Isoflurane	54-64	NK2 homeobox 5	Homo sapiens	128-134
26566283-6	2016	RESULTS: IL-1beta increased the amplitude of current evoked by GABA in combination with clinically relevant concentrations of either etomidate (3 muM) or isoflurane (250 muM) (n = 5 to 17, P &lt; 0.05).	Isoflurane	154-164	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	9-17
26566283-7	2016	Concentration-response plots for etomidate and isoflurane showed that IL-1beta increased the maximal current 3.3-fold (n = 5 to 9) and 1.5-fold (n = 8 to 11), respectively (P &lt; 0.05 for both), whereas the half-maximal effective concentrations were unchanged.	Isoflurane	47-57	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	70-78
26702867-0	2016	Isoflurane, but Not the Nonimmobilizers F6 and F8, Inhibits Rat Spinal Cord Motor Neuron CaV1 Calcium Currents.	Isoflurane	0-10	caveolin 1	Rattus norvegicus	89-93
26702867-5	2016	RESULTS: In spinal cord motor neurons, isoflurane, but not F6 or F8, inhibited currents through CaV1 channels.	Isoflurane	39-49	caveolin 1	Rattus norvegicus	96-100
26702867-6	2016	Isoflurane and at least one of the nonimmobilizers inhibited currents through CaV1 and CaV2 channels in dorsal root ganglion neurons and CaV2 in spinal cord motor neurons.	Isoflurane	0-10	caveolin 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-82
26702867-6	2016	Isoflurane and at least one of the nonimmobilizers inhibited currents through CaV1 and CaV2 channels in dorsal root ganglion neurons and CaV2 in spinal cord motor neurons.	Isoflurane	0-10	caveolin 2	Rattus norvegicus	87-91
26702867-6	2016	Isoflurane and at least one of the nonimmobilizers inhibited currents through CaV1 and CaV2 channels in dorsal root ganglion neurons and CaV2 in spinal cord motor neurons.	Isoflurane	0-10	caveolin 2	Rattus norvegicus	137-141
26702867-7	2016	CONCLUSIONS: The findings that isoflurane, but not nonimmobilizers, inhibited CaV1 Ca2+ channels in spinal cord motor neurons are consistent with the notion that spinal cord motor neurons might mediate isoflurane-induced immobility.	Isoflurane	31-41	caveolin 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-82
26702867-7	2016	CONCLUSIONS: The findings that isoflurane, but not nonimmobilizers, inhibited CaV1 Ca2+ channels in spinal cord motor neurons are consistent with the notion that spinal cord motor neurons might mediate isoflurane-induced immobility.	Isoflurane	202-212	caveolin 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-82
26694943-0	2016	STAT3 degradation mediated by calcineurin involved in the neurotoxicity of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	75-85	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	0-5
27141616-0	2016	[Electroacupuncture Intervention Inhibits the Decline of Learning-memory Ability and Overex- pression of Cleaved Caspase-3 and Bax in Hippocampus Induced by Isoflurane in APPswe/PS 1].	Isoflurane	157-167	BCL2-associated X protein	Mus musculus	127-130
27141616-0	2016	[Electroacupuncture Intervention Inhibits the Decline of Learning-memory Ability and Overex- pression of Cleaved Caspase-3 and Bax in Hippocampus Induced by Isoflurane in APPswe/PS 1].	Isoflurane	157-167	presenilin 1	Mus musculus	178-182
27141616-11	2016	CONCLUSION: EA intervention can improve the learning-memory ability in AD + Isoflurane mice, suggesting a reduction of AD-like neurotoxicity, which may be associated with its actions in inhibiting the overexpression of activated Caspase-3 and Bax proteins in the hippocampus.	Isoflurane	76-86	caspase 3	Mus musculus	229-238
26694943-3	2016	The aim of this study was to determine whether isoflurane would target STAT3 to deliver its neurotoxicity.	Isoflurane	47-57	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	71-76
26694943-5	2016	Our data showed that isoflurane exposure downregulated the STAT3 survival pathway in the brain of mice and in primary neurons, whereas the mRNA levels of STAT3 remained unchanged after isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	21-31	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	59-64
26694943-5	2016	Our data showed that isoflurane exposure downregulated the STAT3 survival pathway in the brain of mice and in primary neurons, whereas the mRNA levels of STAT3 remained unchanged after isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	185-195	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	154-159
26694943-6	2016	We found that inhibiting the activity of calcineurin, which specifically promotes STAT3 degradation, alleviated isoflurane-induced neural apoptosis.	Isoflurane	112-122	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	82-87
26694943-8	2016	These findings suggest that isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity may stem from STAT3 degradation, partially through the activation of calcineurin.	Isoflurane	28-38	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	75-80
27057548-0	2016	Isoflurane Is More Deleterious to Developing Brain Than Desflurane: The Role of the Akt/GSK3beta Signaling Pathway.	Isoflurane	0-10	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	84-87
26792700-15	2016	CONCLUSION: Compared with isoflurane, sub-anesthetic doses of isoflurane and propofol has no significant effect on postoperative cognition in rats with MCI, and its mechanism is to maintain KCC2 expression in hippocampus.	Isoflurane	62-72	solute carrier family 12 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	190-194
27057548-0	2016	Isoflurane Is More Deleterious to Developing Brain Than Desflurane: The Role of the Akt/GSK3beta Signaling Pathway.	Isoflurane	0-10	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Mus musculus	88-96
27057548-6	2016	We found that isoflurane, but not desflurane, impaired spatial learning and memory at P31.	Isoflurane	14-24	ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal V1 subunit E1	Mus musculus	86-89
27057548-7	2016	Accompanied by behavioral change, only isoflurane decreased p-Akt (ser473) and p-GSK3beta (ser9) expressions, which led to GSK3beta overactivation.	Isoflurane	39-49	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	62-65
27057548-7	2016	Accompanied by behavioral change, only isoflurane decreased p-Akt (ser473) and p-GSK3beta (ser9) expressions, which led to GSK3beta overactivation.	Isoflurane	39-49	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Mus musculus	81-89
27057548-7	2016	Accompanied by behavioral change, only isoflurane decreased p-Akt (ser473) and p-GSK3beta (ser9) expressions, which led to GSK3beta overactivation.	Isoflurane	39-49	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Mus musculus	123-131
27057548-9	2016	These results suggest that isoflurane is more likely to induce developmental neurotoxicity than desflurane in context of multiple exposures and that the Akt/GSK3beta signaling pathway partly participates in this process.	Isoflurane	27-37	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	153-156
27057548-9	2016	These results suggest that isoflurane is more likely to induce developmental neurotoxicity than desflurane in context of multiple exposures and that the Akt/GSK3beta signaling pathway partly participates in this process.	Isoflurane	27-37	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Mus musculus	157-165
27793236-11	2016	Morphological studies showed that isoflurane treatment attenuated edema of pyramid neurons in the CA1 region.	Isoflurane	34-44	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	98-101
26310962-1	2016	We reported before that the minimal alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane is decreased in complex I-deficient mice lacking the NDUFS4 subunit of the respiratory chain (RC) (1.55 and 0.81% at postnatal (PN) 22-25 days and 1.68 and 0.65% at PN 31-34 days for wildtype (WT) and CI-deficient KO, respectively).	Isoflurane	68-78	NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S4	Mus musculus	132-138
25746395-13	2016	The binding of activating mutants alphaM-Y267A beta2-WT and alphaM-L312A beta2-WT to ICAM-1 was not affected by isoflurane, but binding of another activating mutant alphaM-WT beta2-L132A was inhibited supporting the binding of isoflurane to this cavity.	Isoflurane	227-237	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	85-91
26254234-8	2016	Our results showed that exploratory laparotomy with isoflurane anesthesia impaired the contextual fear memory, increased expression of Nox2, 8-OH-dG, CD11b, and IL-1beta, and down-regulated BDNF expression in the hippocampus at 7 d post-surgery.	Isoflurane	52-62	cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide	Mus musculus	135-139
26254234-8	2016	Our results showed that exploratory laparotomy with isoflurane anesthesia impaired the contextual fear memory, increased expression of Nox2, 8-OH-dG, CD11b, and IL-1beta, and down-regulated BDNF expression in the hippocampus at 7 d post-surgery.	Isoflurane	52-62	integrin alpha M	Mus musculus	150-155
26254234-8	2016	Our results showed that exploratory laparotomy with isoflurane anesthesia impaired the contextual fear memory, increased expression of Nox2, 8-OH-dG, CD11b, and IL-1beta, and down-regulated BDNF expression in the hippocampus at 7 d post-surgery.	Isoflurane	52-62	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	161-169
26254234-8	2016	Our results showed that exploratory laparotomy with isoflurane anesthesia impaired the contextual fear memory, increased expression of Nox2, 8-OH-dG, CD11b, and IL-1beta, and down-regulated BDNF expression in the hippocampus at 7 d post-surgery.	Isoflurane	52-62	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	190-194
25746395-2	2016	The authors have previously demonstrated that volatile anesthetics isoflurane and sevoflurane bound to and inhibited LFA-1.	Isoflurane	67-77	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	117-122
25746395-14	2016	The conclusion reached from these findings was that isoflurane inhibited Mac-1 binding to ICAM-1 by binding to the cavity underneath the alpha7 helix of the alphaM I domain, but sevoflurane did not.	Isoflurane	52-62	integrin subunit beta 2	Homo sapiens	73-78
25746395-3	2016	Here, the hypothesis tested was that isoflurane and sevoflurane would inhibit Mac-1.	Isoflurane	37-47	integrin subunit beta 2	Homo sapiens	78-83
26526872-11	2016	Isoflurane and pentobarbital may be promising anesthetic compounds for investigating in vivo VMAT2 binding.	Isoflurane	0-10	solute carrier family 18 member A2	Rattus norvegicus	93-98
25746395-5	2016	The effect of isoflurane and sevoflurane on Mac-1 was examined using this ICAM-1 binding assay and by probing exposure of activation-sensitive epitopes.	Isoflurane	14-24	integrin subunit beta 2	Homo sapiens	44-49
25746395-9	2016	The results indicated that isoflurane inhibited binding of Mac-1 to ICAM-1, but sevoflurane did not.	Isoflurane	27-37	integrin subunit beta 2	Homo sapiens	59-64
25746395-9	2016	The results indicated that isoflurane inhibited binding of Mac-1 to ICAM-1, but sevoflurane did not.	Isoflurane	27-37	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	68-74
26526872-3	2016	In the present study, we tested effects of four commonly-used anesthetics: isoflurane, pentobarbital, chloral hydrate and ketamine, on in vivo VMAT2 binding to (18)F-FP-(+)-DTBZ, a specific VMAT2 radioligand, in rat brain.	Isoflurane	75-85	solute carrier family 18 member A2	Rattus norvegicus	143-148
25746395-14	2016	The conclusion reached from these findings was that isoflurane inhibited Mac-1 binding to ICAM-1 by binding to the cavity underneath the alpha7 helix of the alphaM I domain, but sevoflurane did not.	Isoflurane	52-62	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	90-96
25367886-7	2015	Here, we show for the first time that the VitC treatment attenuated the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation.	Isoflurane	72-82	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	91-100
26645542-6	2015	Isoflurane post-treatment also reduced brain infarct volumes and plasma S100B 3 days after the injection of 5 mg clots and improved neurological deficit scores after the stroke.	Isoflurane	0-10	protein S100-B	Oryctolagus cuniculus	72-77
27637994-11	2016	Morphological studies showed that isoflurane treatment attenuated edema of pyramid neurons in the CA1 region.	Isoflurane	34-44	carbonic anhydrase 1	Homo sapiens	98-101
26460965-0	2015	Involvement of Cyclophilin D and Calcium in Isoflurane-induced Preconditioning.	Isoflurane	44-54	peptidylprolyl isomerase F (cyclophilin F)	Mus musculus	15-28
26460965-3	2015	Therefore, the authors hypothesized that isoflurane, by inhibiting the respiratory chain complex I, another regulator of PTP, might reinforce the myocardial protection afforded by CypD inhibition.	Isoflurane	41-51	peptidylprolyl isomerase F (cyclophilin F)	Mus musculus	180-184
26460965-14	2015	Isoflurane attenuates the Ca transfer from SR to mitochondria, which is also the prominent role of CypD, and finally prevents PTP opening.	Isoflurane	0-10	peptidylprolyl isomerase F (cyclophilin F)	Mus musculus	99-103
25367886-0	2015	Vitamin C Attenuates Isoflurane-Induced Caspase-3 Activation and Cognitive Impairment.	Isoflurane	21-31	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	40-49
25367886-10	2015	Pending confirmation from future studies, these results suggested that VitC attenuated the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation and cognitive impairment by inhibiting the isoflurane-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduction in ATP levels.	Isoflurane	91-101	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	110-119
25367886-1	2015	Anesthetic isoflurane has been reported to induce caspase-3 activation.	Isoflurane	11-21	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	50-59
25367886-4	2015	We therefore employed VitC to further determine the up-stream mechanisms and the down-stream consequences of the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation.	Isoflurane	113-123	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	132-141
26692932-0	2015	Syntaxin 1A mediates isoflurane but not hypoxia preconditioning-induced alleviation of hypoxia-reoxygenation injury in rat cardiomyocytes.	Isoflurane	21-31	syntaxin 1A	Rattus norvegicus	0-11
26367448-0	2015	Involvement of caspase-3/PTEN signaling pathway in isoflurane-induced decrease of self-renewal capacity of hippocampal neural precursor cells.	Isoflurane	51-61	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	15-24
26367448-0	2015	Involvement of caspase-3/PTEN signaling pathway in isoflurane-induced decrease of self-renewal capacity of hippocampal neural precursor cells.	Isoflurane	51-61	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	25-29
26367448-2	2015	Caspase-3 has long been considered as a mediator in isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis.	Isoflurane	52-62	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	0-9
26367448-4	2015	In this study we used in vitro NPC cultures to test whether caspase-3 and its downstream signaling effectors were involved in isoflurane-induced impairment of the self-renewal capacity of hippocampal NPCs.	Isoflurane	126-136	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	60-69
26367448-6	2015	Furthermore, we found that isoflurane exposure significantly increased the levels of active caspase-3 and decreased the levels of phospho-PTEN under both proliferation and differentiation conditions.	Isoflurane	27-37	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	92-101
26367448-6	2015	Furthermore, we found that isoflurane exposure significantly increased the levels of active caspase-3 and decreased the levels of phospho-PTEN under both proliferation and differentiation conditions.	Isoflurane	27-37	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	138-142
26367448-7	2015	Inhibition of either caspase-3 with Z-DEVD-fmk or PTEN with BPV (phen) in NPCs, attenuated the isoflurane-induced decrease of their proliferation and increase of neuronal differentiation.	Isoflurane	95-105	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	21-30
26367448-7	2015	Inhibition of either caspase-3 with Z-DEVD-fmk or PTEN with BPV (phen) in NPCs, attenuated the isoflurane-induced decrease of their proliferation and increase of neuronal differentiation.	Isoflurane	95-105	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	50-54
26367448-8	2015	Application of Z-DEVD-fmk also attenuated isoflurane-induced decrease in phospho-PTEN expression.	Isoflurane	42-52	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	81-85
26367448-9	2015	Taken together, our in vitro results reveal a previously uncharacterized involvement of caspase-3/PTEN signaling in the isoflurane-induced impairment of NPCs self-renewal, and contribute to the identification of novel targets for maintaining NPCs self-renewal in isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction.	Isoflurane	120-130	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	88-97
26367448-9	2015	Taken together, our in vitro results reveal a previously uncharacterized involvement of caspase-3/PTEN signaling in the isoflurane-induced impairment of NPCs self-renewal, and contribute to the identification of novel targets for maintaining NPCs self-renewal in isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction.	Isoflurane	120-130	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	98-102
26465931-10	2015	After injection, fluorescent-labeled annexin V was readily detected in the INL of both air-exposed and isoflurane-exposed mice and colocalized with activated caspase-3-positive cells.	Isoflurane	103-113	annexin A5	Mus musculus	37-46
26465931-10	2015	After injection, fluorescent-labeled annexin V was readily detected in the INL of both air-exposed and isoflurane-exposed mice and colocalized with activated caspase-3-positive cells.	Isoflurane	103-113	caspase 3	Mus musculus	158-167
26162760-9	2015	We found that isoflurane triggered ERS as evidenced by increased phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor (EIF) 2alpha, and increased expression of 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), activating transcription factor (ATF) 4 and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP).	Isoflurane	14-24	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	84-125
26162760-9	2015	We found that isoflurane triggered ERS as evidenced by increased phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor (EIF) 2alpha, and increased expression of 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), activating transcription factor (ATF) 4 and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP).	Isoflurane	14-24	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Rattus norvegicus	155-187
26162760-9	2015	We found that isoflurane triggered ERS as evidenced by increased phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor (EIF) 2alpha, and increased expression of 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), activating transcription factor (ATF) 4 and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP).	Isoflurane	14-24	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Rattus norvegicus	189-194
26162760-9	2015	We found that isoflurane triggered ERS as evidenced by increased phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor (EIF) 2alpha, and increased expression of 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), activating transcription factor (ATF) 4 and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP).	Isoflurane	14-24	activating transcription factor 4	Rattus norvegicus	197-236
26162760-9	2015	We found that isoflurane triggered ERS as evidenced by increased phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor (EIF) 2alpha, and increased expression of 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), activating transcription factor (ATF) 4 and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP).	Isoflurane	14-24	DNA-damage inducible transcript 3	Rattus norvegicus	241-265
26162760-9	2015	We found that isoflurane triggered ERS as evidenced by increased phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor (EIF) 2alpha, and increased expression of 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78), activating transcription factor (ATF) 4 and C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP).	Isoflurane	14-24	DNA-damage inducible transcript 3	Rattus norvegicus	267-271
26367448-9	2015	Taken together, our in vitro results reveal a previously uncharacterized involvement of caspase-3/PTEN signaling in the isoflurane-induced impairment of NPCs self-renewal, and contribute to the identification of novel targets for maintaining NPCs self-renewal in isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction.	Isoflurane	263-273	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	88-97
26367448-9	2015	Taken together, our in vitro results reveal a previously uncharacterized involvement of caspase-3/PTEN signaling in the isoflurane-induced impairment of NPCs self-renewal, and contribute to the identification of novel targets for maintaining NPCs self-renewal in isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction.	Isoflurane	263-273	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	98-102
26459766-0	2015	Isoflurane suppresses the self-renewal of normal mouse neural stem cells in a p53-dependent manner by activating the Lkb1-p53-p21 signalling pathway.	Isoflurane	0-10	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	78-81
26459766-0	2015	Isoflurane suppresses the self-renewal of normal mouse neural stem cells in a p53-dependent manner by activating the Lkb1-p53-p21 signalling pathway.	Isoflurane	0-10	serine/threonine kinase 11	Mus musculus	117-121
26459766-0	2015	Isoflurane suppresses the self-renewal of normal mouse neural stem cells in a p53-dependent manner by activating the Lkb1-p53-p21 signalling pathway.	Isoflurane	0-10	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	122-125
26459766-0	2015	Isoflurane suppresses the self-renewal of normal mouse neural stem cells in a p53-dependent manner by activating the Lkb1-p53-p21 signalling pathway.	Isoflurane	0-10	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21)	Mus musculus	126-129
26459766-5	2015	In the present study, whether Lkb1-p53-p21 signalling is involved in the response to isoflurane was investigated.	Isoflurane	85-95	serine/threonine kinase 11	Mus musculus	30-34
26459766-5	2015	In the present study, whether Lkb1-p53-p21 signalling is involved in the response to isoflurane was investigated.	Isoflurane	85-95	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	35-38
26459766-5	2015	In the present study, whether Lkb1-p53-p21 signalling is involved in the response to isoflurane was investigated.	Isoflurane	85-95	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21)	Mus musculus	39-42
26459766-6	2015	A comparison of mouse primary, wild-type neural stem cells (WT NSCs) with the p53-/- NSC cell line, NE-4C, revealed that isoflurane inhibited proliferation in a dose-, a time- and a p53-dependent manner.	Isoflurane	121-131	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	78-81
26459766-6	2015	A comparison of mouse primary, wild-type neural stem cells (WT NSCs) with the p53-/- NSC cell line, NE-4C, revealed that isoflurane inhibited proliferation in a dose-, a time- and a p53-dependent manner.	Isoflurane	121-131	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	182-185
26459766-8	2015	Furthermore, the protein expression levels of LKB1, p53 and p21 were increased, although those of nestin and survivin decreased, following treatment of WT NSCs with isoflurane.	Isoflurane	165-175	serine/threonine kinase 11	Mus musculus	46-50
26459766-8	2015	Furthermore, the protein expression levels of LKB1, p53 and p21 were increased, although those of nestin and survivin decreased, following treatment of WT NSCs with isoflurane.	Isoflurane	165-175	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	52-55
26459766-8	2015	Furthermore, the protein expression levels of LKB1, p53 and p21 were increased, although those of nestin and survivin decreased, following treatment of WT NSCs with isoflurane.	Isoflurane	165-175	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21)	Mus musculus	60-63
26459766-9	2015	On the other hand, isoflurane induced the phosphorylation of Ser15 in p53 in WT NSCs, which was associated with p53 binding to the p21 promoter, and consequentially, the transcriptional activation of p21.	Isoflurane	19-29	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	70-73
26459766-9	2015	On the other hand, isoflurane induced the phosphorylation of Ser15 in p53 in WT NSCs, which was associated with p53 binding to the p21 promoter, and consequentially, the transcriptional activation of p21.	Isoflurane	19-29	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	112-115
26459766-9	2015	On the other hand, isoflurane induced the phosphorylation of Ser15 in p53 in WT NSCs, which was associated with p53 binding to the p21 promoter, and consequentially, the transcriptional activation of p21.	Isoflurane	19-29	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21)	Mus musculus	131-134
26459766-9	2015	On the other hand, isoflurane induced the phosphorylation of Ser15 in p53 in WT NSCs, which was associated with p53 binding to the p21 promoter, and consequentially, the transcriptional activation of p21.	Isoflurane	19-29	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21)	Mus musculus	200-203
26459766-11	2015	Taken together, the present study has demonstrated that isoflurane suppresses the self-renewal of normal mouse NSCs by activating the Lkb1-p53-p21 signalling pathway.	Isoflurane	56-66	serine/threonine kinase 11	Mus musculus	134-138
26459766-11	2015	Taken together, the present study has demonstrated that isoflurane suppresses the self-renewal of normal mouse NSCs by activating the Lkb1-p53-p21 signalling pathway.	Isoflurane	56-66	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	139-142
26459766-11	2015	Taken together, the present study has demonstrated that isoflurane suppresses the self-renewal of normal mouse NSCs by activating the Lkb1-p53-p21 signalling pathway.	Isoflurane	56-66	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21)	Mus musculus	143-146
26393333-0	2015	Impaired acquisition of conditioned taste aversion memory induced by isoflurane is accompanied with calcineurin activation and Egr-1 down-regulation in amygdala in rats.	Isoflurane	69-79	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	127-132
26393333-4	2015	We hypothesized that isoflurane impairs the acquisition of conditioned taste aversion (CTA) memory in rats and the Egr-1 expression regulation via calcineurin (CaN) and ERK signaling pathway is involved in isoflurane-induced repression of CTA memory.	Isoflurane	21-31	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	115-120
26393333-4	2015	We hypothesized that isoflurane impairs the acquisition of conditioned taste aversion (CTA) memory in rats and the Egr-1 expression regulation via calcineurin (CaN) and ERK signaling pathway is involved in isoflurane-induced repression of CTA memory.	Isoflurane	21-31	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	169-172
26393333-4	2015	We hypothesized that isoflurane impairs the acquisition of conditioned taste aversion (CTA) memory in rats and the Egr-1 expression regulation via calcineurin (CaN) and ERK signaling pathway is involved in isoflurane-induced repression of CTA memory.	Isoflurane	206-216	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	115-120
26393333-4	2015	We hypothesized that isoflurane impairs the acquisition of conditioned taste aversion (CTA) memory in rats and the Egr-1 expression regulation via calcineurin (CaN) and ERK signaling pathway is involved in isoflurane-induced repression of CTA memory.	Isoflurane	206-216	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	169-172
26393333-7	2015	Isoflurane exposure increased the CaN activity and decreased the p-ERK and Egr-1 in amygdala in rats.	Isoflurane	0-10	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
26393333-7	2015	Isoflurane exposure increased the CaN activity and decreased the p-ERK and Egr-1 in amygdala in rats.	Isoflurane	0-10	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	75-80
26393333-8	2015	These findings suggest that isoflurane can disrupt the establishment of aversion memory, and CaN activation associating with p-ERK and Egr-1 down-regulation may contribute to the isoflurane induced impairment of aversion memory acquisition.	Isoflurane	179-189	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	127-130
26393333-8	2015	These findings suggest that isoflurane can disrupt the establishment of aversion memory, and CaN activation associating with p-ERK and Egr-1 down-regulation may contribute to the isoflurane induced impairment of aversion memory acquisition.	Isoflurane	179-189	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	135-140
26770320-7	2015	Moreover, dexmedetomidine significantly inhibited these TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, MDA, SOD and caspase-3 activities in isoflurane-induced aging rat.	Isoflurane	114-124	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	56-65
26692932-14	2015	Stx-1A is cardioprotective and a potential target of isoflurane induced cardioprotection.	Isoflurane	53-63	syntaxin 1A	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
26770320-7	2015	Moreover, dexmedetomidine significantly inhibited these TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, MDA, SOD and caspase-3 activities in isoflurane-induced aging rat.	Isoflurane	114-124	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	67-75
26770320-7	2015	Moreover, dexmedetomidine significantly inhibited these TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, MDA, SOD and caspase-3 activities in isoflurane-induced aging rat.	Isoflurane	114-124	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	90-99
26259139-0	2015	MicroRNA-21 Mediates Isoflurane-induced Cardioprotection against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via Akt/Nitric Oxide Synthase/Mitochondrial Permeability Transition Pore Pathway.	Isoflurane	21-31	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	97-100
26770320-8	2015	Meanwhile, the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine on isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment significantly suppressed Bcl-xL/Bad rate, P38 MAPK and PTEN protein expression and activated p-Akt protein expression in aging rat.	Isoflurane	61-71	Bcl2-like 1	Rattus norvegicus	126-132
26770320-8	2015	Meanwhile, the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine on isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment significantly suppressed Bcl-xL/Bad rate, P38 MAPK and PTEN protein expression and activated p-Akt protein expression in aging rat.	Isoflurane	61-71	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Rattus norvegicus	156-160
26770320-8	2015	Meanwhile, the neuroprotective effects of dexmedetomidine on isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment significantly suppressed Bcl-xL/Bad rate, P38 MAPK and PTEN protein expression and activated p-Akt protein expression in aging rat.	Isoflurane	61-71	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	196-199
26770363-0	2015	Isoflurane attenuates murine lupus nephritis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.	Isoflurane	0-10	NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3	Mus musculus	59-64
26259139-8	2015	Isoflurane decreased infarct size from 54 +- 10% in control to 36 +- 10% (P &lt; 0.05, n = 8 mice per group), improved cardiac function after reperfusion, and increased the ratios of phosphorylated-Akt/AKT, phosphorylated-eNOS/eNOS, and phosphorylated-nNOS/nNOS in C57BL/6 mice subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury.	Isoflurane	0-10	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	198-201
26259139-8	2015	Isoflurane decreased infarct size from 54 +- 10% in control to 36 +- 10% (P &lt; 0.05, n = 8 mice per group), improved cardiac function after reperfusion, and increased the ratios of phosphorylated-Akt/AKT, phosphorylated-eNOS/eNOS, and phosphorylated-nNOS/nNOS in C57BL/6 mice subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury.	Isoflurane	0-10	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	202-205
26259139-8	2015	Isoflurane decreased infarct size from 54 +- 10% in control to 36 +- 10% (P &lt; 0.05, n = 8 mice per group), improved cardiac function after reperfusion, and increased the ratios of phosphorylated-Akt/AKT, phosphorylated-eNOS/eNOS, and phosphorylated-nNOS/nNOS in C57BL/6 mice subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury.	Isoflurane	0-10	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	252-256
26259139-8	2015	Isoflurane decreased infarct size from 54 +- 10% in control to 36 +- 10% (P &lt; 0.05, n = 8 mice per group), improved cardiac function after reperfusion, and increased the ratios of phosphorylated-Akt/AKT, phosphorylated-eNOS/eNOS, and phosphorylated-nNOS/nNOS in C57BL/6 mice subjected to ischemia-reperfusion injury.	Isoflurane	0-10	nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal	Mus musculus	257-261
26259139-11	2015	Isoflurane significantly delayed mPTP opening in cardiomyocytes from C57BL/6 but not from microRNA-21 knockout mice.	Isoflurane	0-10	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, U	Mus musculus	33-37
26259139-13	2015	The Akt/NOS/mPTP pathway is involved in the microRNA-21-mediated protective effect of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	86-96	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	4-7
26259139-13	2015	The Akt/NOS/mPTP pathway is involved in the microRNA-21-mediated protective effect of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	86-96	protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, U	Mus musculus	12-16
26270940-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Isoflurane induces cell death in neurons undergoing synaptogenesis via increased production of pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (proBDNF) and activation of postsynaptic p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75).	Isoflurane	12-22	nerve growth factor receptor (TNFR superfamily, member 16)	Mus musculus	186-211
26270940-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Isoflurane induces cell death in neurons undergoing synaptogenesis via increased production of pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor (proBDNF) and activation of postsynaptic p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75).	Isoflurane	12-22	nerve growth factor receptor (TNFR superfamily, member 16)	Mus musculus	186-189
26270940-10	2015	Astrocyte-targeted p75 knockdown in co-cultures increased media proBDNF (1.2 +- 0.1 fold) and augmented isoflurane-induced neuronal cell death (3.8 +- 3.1 fold).	Isoflurane	104-114	nerve growth factor receptor (TNFR superfamily, member 16)	Mus musculus	19-22
26202880-14	2015	Isoflurane anesthesia altered [(11)C]-N-desmethyl-loperamide but not (R)-[(11)C]verapamil metabolism, and this had a direct effect on the magnitude of the increase in brain distribution following ABCB1 inhibition.	Isoflurane	0-10	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 1B	Mus musculus	196-201
26192027-0	2015	Isoflurane favorably modulates guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase-1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats.	Isoflurane	0-10	nitric oxide synthase 3	Rattus norvegicus	75-108
26192027-1	2015	BACKGROUND: The authors investigated the hypothesis that isoflurane modulates nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and protection against myocardial infarction through time-dependent changes in expression of key NO regulatory proteins, guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase (GTPCH)-1, the rate-limiting enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS).	Isoflurane	57-67	nitric oxide synthase 3	Rattus norvegicus	357-390
26192027-1	2015	BACKGROUND: The authors investigated the hypothesis that isoflurane modulates nitric oxide (NO) synthesis and protection against myocardial infarction through time-dependent changes in expression of key NO regulatory proteins, guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase (GTPCH)-1, the rate-limiting enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS).	Isoflurane	57-67	nitric oxide synthase 3	Rattus norvegicus	392-396
26254062-9	2015	These events were accompanied by a decline in hippocampal expression of LC3B-I, LC3B-II, and beclin 1 24 h after isoflurane (P &lt;0.01 and P &lt;0.05).	Isoflurane	113-123	beclin 1	Rattus norvegicus	93-101
26349971-5	2015	Mouse ESCs (E14) was exposed to 2% isoflurane for 6h.	Isoflurane	35-45	skull morphology 21	Mus musculus	12-15
26349971-7	2015	Effects of isoflurane on the expression of RAR-gamma were examined using Western blot.	Isoflurane	11-21	retinoic acid receptor, gamma	Mus musculus	43-52
26349971-9	2015	Isoflurane decreased self-renewal and the expression stemness genes (Nanog, Oct4, Sox2, and Lin28) in mESCs.	Isoflurane	0-10	Nanog homeobox	Mus musculus	69-74
26349971-9	2015	Isoflurane decreased self-renewal and the expression stemness genes (Nanog, Oct4, Sox2, and Lin28) in mESCs.	Isoflurane	0-10	POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1, related sequence 1	Mus musculus	76-80
26349971-9	2015	Isoflurane decreased self-renewal and the expression stemness genes (Nanog, Oct4, Sox2, and Lin28) in mESCs.	Isoflurane	0-10	SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2	Mus musculus	82-86
26349971-9	2015	Isoflurane decreased self-renewal and the expression stemness genes (Nanog, Oct4, Sox2, and Lin28) in mESCs.	Isoflurane	0-10	lin-28 homolog A	Mus musculus	92-97
26287296-10	2015	For both HCN1 and HCN1: cre mice, the MAC of hypnosis for isoflurane (each ~1.05% isoflurane) was significantly increased over their nonknockout controls: HCN1 versus wild-type (0.86% +- 0.03%, P &lt; 0.001) and HCN1: cre versus HCN1 mice (0.84% +- 0.03%, P &lt; 0.001); no significant difference was found between HCN1 and HCN1: cre mice.	Isoflurane	58-68	hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 1	Mus musculus	9-13
26287296-10	2015	For both HCN1 and HCN1: cre mice, the MAC of hypnosis for isoflurane (each ~1.05% isoflurane) was significantly increased over their nonknockout controls: HCN1 versus wild-type (0.86% +- 0.03%, P &lt; 0.001) and HCN1: cre versus HCN1 mice (0.84% +- 0.03%, P &lt; 0.001); no significant difference was found between HCN1 and HCN1: cre mice.	Isoflurane	58-68	hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 1	Mus musculus	18-22
26287296-10	2015	For both HCN1 and HCN1: cre mice, the MAC of hypnosis for isoflurane (each ~1.05% isoflurane) was significantly increased over their nonknockout controls: HCN1 versus wild-type (0.86% +- 0.03%, P &lt; 0.001) and HCN1: cre versus HCN1 mice (0.84% +- 0.03%, P &lt; 0.001); no significant difference was found between HCN1 and HCN1: cre mice.	Isoflurane	58-68	hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 1	Mus musculus	18-22
26287296-10	2015	For both HCN1 and HCN1: cre mice, the MAC of hypnosis for isoflurane (each ~1.05% isoflurane) was significantly increased over their nonknockout controls: HCN1 versus wild-type (0.86% +- 0.03%, P &lt; 0.001) and HCN1: cre versus HCN1 mice (0.84% +- 0.03%, P &lt; 0.001); no significant difference was found between HCN1 and HCN1: cre mice.	Isoflurane	58-68	hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 1	Mus musculus	18-22
26287296-10	2015	For both HCN1 and HCN1: cre mice, the MAC of hypnosis for isoflurane (each ~1.05% isoflurane) was significantly increased over their nonknockout controls: HCN1 versus wild-type (0.86% +- 0.03%, P &lt; 0.001) and HCN1: cre versus HCN1 mice (0.84% +- 0.03%, P &lt; 0.001); no significant difference was found between HCN1 and HCN1: cre mice.	Isoflurane	58-68	hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 1	Mus musculus	18-22
26287296-10	2015	For both HCN1 and HCN1: cre mice, the MAC of hypnosis for isoflurane (each ~1.05% isoflurane) was significantly increased over their nonknockout controls: HCN1 versus wild-type (0.86% +- 0.03%, P &lt; 0.001) and HCN1: cre versus HCN1 mice (0.84% +- 0.03%, P &lt; 0.001); no significant difference was found between HCN1 and HCN1: cre mice.	Isoflurane	58-68	hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 1	Mus musculus	18-22
26287296-10	2015	For both HCN1 and HCN1: cre mice, the MAC of hypnosis for isoflurane (each ~1.05% isoflurane) was significantly increased over their nonknockout controls: HCN1 versus wild-type (0.86% +- 0.03%, P &lt; 0.001) and HCN1: cre versus HCN1 mice (0.84% +- 0.03%, P &lt; 0.001); no significant difference was found between HCN1 and HCN1: cre mice.	Isoflurane	58-68	hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 1	Mus musculus	18-22
26287296-10	2015	For both HCN1 and HCN1: cre mice, the MAC of hypnosis for isoflurane (each ~1.05% isoflurane) was significantly increased over their nonknockout controls: HCN1 versus wild-type (0.86% +- 0.03%, P &lt; 0.001) and HCN1: cre versus HCN1 mice (0.84% +- 0.03%, P &lt; 0.001); no significant difference was found between HCN1 and HCN1: cre mice.	Isoflurane	82-92	hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 1	Mus musculus	18-22
26287296-10	2015	For both HCN1 and HCN1: cre mice, the MAC of hypnosis for isoflurane (each ~1.05% isoflurane) was significantly increased over their nonknockout controls: HCN1 versus wild-type (0.86% +- 0.03%, P &lt; 0.001) and HCN1: cre versus HCN1 mice (0.84% +- 0.03%, P &lt; 0.001); no significant difference was found between HCN1 and HCN1: cre mice.	Isoflurane	82-92	hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 1	Mus musculus	18-22
26287296-10	2015	For both HCN1 and HCN1: cre mice, the MAC of hypnosis for isoflurane (each ~1.05% isoflurane) was significantly increased over their nonknockout controls: HCN1 versus wild-type (0.86% +- 0.03%, P &lt; 0.001) and HCN1: cre versus HCN1 mice (0.84% +- 0.03%, P &lt; 0.001); no significant difference was found between HCN1 and HCN1: cre mice.	Isoflurane	82-92	hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 1	Mus musculus	18-22
26287296-10	2015	For both HCN1 and HCN1: cre mice, the MAC of hypnosis for isoflurane (each ~1.05% isoflurane) was significantly increased over their nonknockout controls: HCN1 versus wild-type (0.86% +- 0.03%, P &lt; 0.001) and HCN1: cre versus HCN1 mice (0.84% +- 0.03%, P &lt; 0.001); no significant difference was found between HCN1 and HCN1: cre mice.	Isoflurane	82-92	hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 1	Mus musculus	18-22
26287296-10	2015	For both HCN1 and HCN1: cre mice, the MAC of hypnosis for isoflurane (each ~1.05% isoflurane) was significantly increased over their nonknockout controls: HCN1 versus wild-type (0.86% +- 0.03%, P &lt; 0.001) and HCN1: cre versus HCN1 mice (0.84% +- 0.03%, P &lt; 0.001); no significant difference was found between HCN1 and HCN1: cre mice.	Isoflurane	82-92	hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 1	Mus musculus	18-22
26287296-10	2015	For both HCN1 and HCN1: cre mice, the MAC of hypnosis for isoflurane (each ~1.05% isoflurane) was significantly increased over their nonknockout controls: HCN1 versus wild-type (0.86% +- 0.03%, P &lt; 0.001) and HCN1: cre versus HCN1 mice (0.84% +- 0.03%, P &lt; 0.001); no significant difference was found between HCN1 and HCN1: cre mice.	Isoflurane	82-92	hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 1	Mus musculus	18-22
26287296-14	2015	By fear-potentiated startle experiments, amnestic effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane were significantly attenuated in HCN1 and HCN1: cre mice (both P &lt; 0.002 versus wild-type or HCN1 mice).	Isoflurane	61-71	hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 1	Mus musculus	121-125
26287296-14	2015	By fear-potentiated startle experiments, amnestic effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane were significantly attenuated in HCN1 and HCN1: cre mice (both P &lt; 0.002 versus wild-type or HCN1 mice).	Isoflurane	61-71	hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 1	Mus musculus	130-134
26287296-14	2015	By fear-potentiated startle experiments, amnestic effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane were significantly attenuated in HCN1 and HCN1: cre mice (both P &lt; 0.002 versus wild-type or HCN1 mice).	Isoflurane	61-71	hyperpolarization activated cyclic nucleotide gated potassium channel 1	Mus musculus	130-134
25892252-0	2015	Isoflurane Inhibits Embryonic Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Neural Differentiation Through miR-9/E-cadherin Signaling.	Isoflurane	0-10	cadherin 1	Mus musculus	94-104
25892252-5	2015	Overexpression of E-cadherin attenuated the effects of isoflurane on self-renewal and the subsequent neuronal differentiation.	Isoflurane	55-65	cadherin 1	Mus musculus	18-28
25892252-9	2015	Overexpression of E-cadherin can abolish the function of miR-9 or isoflurane on self-renewal and subsequent neuronal differentiation.	Isoflurane	66-76	cadherin 1	Mus musculus	18-28
25892252-10	2015	These data suggested that isoflurane inhibits self-renewal and neuronal differentiation of mES cells, possibly by regulating the miR-9-E-cadherin signaling.	Isoflurane	26-36	cadherin 1	Mus musculus	135-145
26254062-11	2015	Further kinetics study of autophagic changes induced by 4 h of isoflurane showed a transient upregulation of LC3B-I, LC3B-II, and beclin 1 at the end of exposure and a subsequent striking decrease within 12-24 h post-anesthesia (P &lt;0.05).	Isoflurane	63-73	beclin 1	Rattus norvegicus	130-138
26091107-5	2015	RESULTS: Without hypoxic pretreatment, 2.0 MAC of isoflurane slightly increased TUNEL intensity compared to control and sevoflurane, but without any significant changes in the Bax and Bcl-2 ratio.	Isoflurane	50-60	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	184-189
26214404-0	2015	Effects of isoflurane preconditioning in the delayed phase on myocardial tumor necrosis factor alpha levels and caspase-3 protein expression in a rabbit model of ischemia-reperfusion injury.	Isoflurane	11-21	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	73-100
26214404-9	2015	Thus, isoflurane preconditioning in the delayed phase exerted protective effects by decreasing the myocardial caspase-3 expression and TNF-alpha production in a rabbit model of ischemia-reperfusion injury.	Isoflurane	6-16	caspase-3	Oryctolagus cuniculus	110-119
26214404-9	2015	Thus, isoflurane preconditioning in the delayed phase exerted protective effects by decreasing the myocardial caspase-3 expression and TNF-alpha production in a rabbit model of ischemia-reperfusion injury.	Isoflurane	6-16	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	135-144
25953616-0	2015	The Pore Loop Domain of TRPV1 Is Required for Its Activation by the Volatile Anesthetics Chloroform and Isoflurane.	Isoflurane	104-114	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Homo sapiens	24-29
25953616-9	2015	The results also indicate that residues in the outer pore region of TRPV1 previously thought to be required for either proton or heat activation of the channel are also required for activation by chloroform and isoflurane.	Isoflurane	211-221	transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1	Homo sapiens	68-73
25962575-13	2015	Exposure to propofol and isoflurane differentially influences TSPO interaction with its specific radioligand [(18)F]DPA-714 with subsequent impact on its tissue kinetics and specific binding estimated in vivo using PET.	Isoflurane	25-35	translocator protein	Homo sapiens	62-66
25738964-3	2015	Emerging studies have focused on the effect of isoflurane (ISO) pretreatment on cerebral ischemia, however, the association between ISO pretreatment and TLR4 during cerebral ischemia remains to be elucidated.	Isoflurane	132-135	toll-like receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	153-157
26125901-2	2015	We hypothesized that isoflurane induces apoptosis partly by causing excessive calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via direct activation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R).	Isoflurane	21-31	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 1	Rattus norvegicus	195-199
26125901-14	2015	These results suggest that exposure to 1 MAC isoflurane for 12 h causes excessive calcium release partly by direct activation of IP3R on the ER membrane and triggers cell apoptosis.	Isoflurane	45-55	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-133
26091107-6	2015	After hypoxic pretreatment, exposure to isoflurane led to a multifold increase in the Bax and Bcl-2 ratio in a dose dependent manner, which was also significantly higher than the ratio observed in the 2 MAC sevoflurane group.	Isoflurane	40-50	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	86-89
26091107-6	2015	After hypoxic pretreatment, exposure to isoflurane led to a multifold increase in the Bax and Bcl-2 ratio in a dose dependent manner, which was also significantly higher than the ratio observed in the 2 MAC sevoflurane group.	Isoflurane	40-50	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	94-99
26086415-0	2015	Isoflurane preconditioning provides neuroprotection against stroke by regulating the expression of the TLR4 signalling pathway to alleviate microglial activation.	Isoflurane	0-10	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	103-107
26045932-0	2015	Effect of isoflurane post-treatment on tPA-exaggerated brain injury in a rat ischemic stroke model.	Isoflurane	10-20	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Rattus norvegicus	39-42
26893809-0	2015	Effects of tail fat on recovery times of anesthesia with isoflurane in fat-tailed Iranian Lori-Bakhtiyari lambs.	Isoflurane	57-67	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	71-74
26893809-9	2015	Recovery time was decreased following MSA ligation in fat-tailed sheep, which suggested that body fat had a major role in the recovery time of isoflurane in sheep.	Isoflurane	143-153	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	54-57
26893809-9	2015	Recovery time was decreased following MSA ligation in fat-tailed sheep, which suggested that body fat had a major role in the recovery time of isoflurane in sheep.	Isoflurane	143-153	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	98-101
26893809-10	2015	We developed an animal model to investigate fat drug solubility of isoflurane gas.	Isoflurane	67-77	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	44-47
26045932-5	2015	The aim of this study was to assess the effect of isoflurane post-treatment on intracranial hemorrhage and cerebral infarction after tPA treatment for transient cerebral ischemia.	Isoflurane	50-60	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Rattus norvegicus	133-136
26045932-12	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane post-treatment may mitigate infarction volume and intracranial hemorrhage in tPA-exaggerated brain injury.	Isoflurane	13-23	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Rattus norvegicus	101-104
25839649-0	2015	Isoflurane induced cognitive impairment in aged rats through hippocampal calcineurin/NFAT signaling.	Isoflurane	0-10	nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5	Rattus norvegicus	85-89
25318682-0	2015	Induction of DJ-1 protects neuronal cells from isoflurane induced neurotoxicity.	Isoflurane	47-57	Parkinsonism associated deglycase	Homo sapiens	13-17
25318682-4	2015	Whether DJ-1 has a neuroprotective effect against isoflurane-induced neurotoxocity is still unknown.	Isoflurane	50-60	Parkinsonism associated deglycase	Homo sapiens	8-12
25318682-5	2015	In this study, we found that expression of DJ-1 is elevated in response to isoflurane treatment in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.	Isoflurane	75-85	Parkinsonism associated deglycase	Homo sapiens	43-47
25318682-7	2015	Our findings indicate that knockdown of DJ-1 promotes isoflurane-induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.	Isoflurane	54-64	Parkinsonism associated deglycase	Homo sapiens	40-44
25318682-8	2015	Importantly, DJ-1 silencing was found to exacerbate isoflurane- induced apoptosis through modulation of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathways, thereby suggesting that induction of DJ-1 in response to isoflurane might act as a compensatory response for cell survival.	Isoflurane	52-62	Parkinsonism associated deglycase	Homo sapiens	13-17
25318682-8	2015	Importantly, DJ-1 silencing was found to exacerbate isoflurane- induced apoptosis through modulation of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathways, thereby suggesting that induction of DJ-1 in response to isoflurane might act as a compensatory response for cell survival.	Isoflurane	52-62	Parkinsonism associated deglycase	Homo sapiens	184-188
25318682-8	2015	Importantly, DJ-1 silencing was found to exacerbate isoflurane- induced apoptosis through modulation of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathways, thereby suggesting that induction of DJ-1 in response to isoflurane might act as a compensatory response for cell survival.	Isoflurane	204-214	Parkinsonism associated deglycase	Homo sapiens	13-17
25318682-8	2015	Importantly, DJ-1 silencing was found to exacerbate isoflurane- induced apoptosis through modulation of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis pathways, thereby suggesting that induction of DJ-1 in response to isoflurane might act as a compensatory response for cell survival.	Isoflurane	204-214	Parkinsonism associated deglycase	Homo sapiens	184-188
25846436-9	2015	RESULTS: FS significantly increased plasma CORT levels in direct decapitation and isoflurane groups, while this stress response "disappeared" following i.p.	Isoflurane	82-92	cortistatin	Rattus norvegicus	43-47
25839649-6	2015	Furthermore, phamacological inhibition of CaN by CsA markedly attenuated isoflurane induced aberrant CaN/NFATc4 signaling in the hippocampus, and rescued relevant spatial learning and memory impairment of aged rats.	Isoflurane	73-83	nuclear factor of activated T-cells 4	Rattus norvegicus	105-111
25839649-7	2015	Overall, the study suggests hippocampal CaN/NFAT signaling as the upstream mechanism of isoflurane induced cognitive impairment, and provides potential therapeutic target and possible treatment methods for POCD.	Isoflurane	88-98	nuclear factor of activated T-cells 5	Rattus norvegicus	44-48
25501719-5	2015	RESULTS: Isoflurane exposure significantly increased insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and IGF-1R expression, cell cycle progression, and cell proliferation in SK-OV3 cells.	Isoflurane	9-19	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	53-87
25796094-0	2015	Effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane on the neutrophil myeloperoxidase system of horses.	Isoflurane	11-21	myeloperoxidase	Equus caballus	56-71
25796094-5	2015	The effects of 1 and 2 MAC of isoflurane and sevoflurane on the peroxidase and chlorination activity of pure MPO were assessed by fluorescence using Amplex red and 3"-(p-aminophenyl) fluorescein (APF) respectively and in parallel with a SIEFED assay to estimate the potential interaction of the anaesthetics with the enzyme.	Isoflurane	30-40	myeloperoxidase	Equus caballus	109-112
25796094-7	2015	A persistent interaction between MPO and anaesthetics was evidenced with isoflurane but not with sevoflurane.	Isoflurane	73-83	myeloperoxidase	Equus caballus	33-36
25738637-0	2015	Syntaxin1A-mediated Resistance and Hypersensitivity to Isoflurane in Drosophila melanogaster.	Isoflurane	55-65	Syntaxin 1A	Drosophila melanogaster	0-10
25738637-5	2015	The authors used different behavioral and electrophysiological endpoints to test the effect of syntaxin1A mutations on sensitivity to isoflurane.	Isoflurane	134-144	Syntaxin 1A	Drosophila melanogaster	95-105
25501719-5	2015	RESULTS: Isoflurane exposure significantly increased insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and IGF-1R expression, cell cycle progression, and cell proliferation in SK-OV3 cells.	Isoflurane	9-19	insulin like growth factor 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	92-98
25501719-6	2015	Increased expression of the angiogenic markers vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by 56% (P&lt;0.05) and angiopoietin-1 by 62% (P&lt;0.05) was also observed 24 h after isoflurane exposure together with an enhanced in vitro angiogenesis.	Isoflurane	175-185	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	47-81
25501719-6	2015	Increased expression of the angiogenic markers vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by 56% (P&lt;0.05) and angiopoietin-1 by 62% (P&lt;0.05) was also observed 24 h after isoflurane exposure together with an enhanced in vitro angiogenesis.	Isoflurane	175-185	angiopoietin 1	Homo sapiens	112-126
25501719-7	2015	Cell migration was significantly increased after exposure to isoflurane together with increased production of both matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (both P&lt;0.05) by almost five-fold relative to control.	Isoflurane	61-71	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	115-148
25646842-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Isoflurane is a potent volatile anesthetic; however, it evokes airway irritation and neurogenic constriction through transient receptor potential (TRP) A1 channels and sensitizes TRPV1 channels, which colocalizes with TRPA1 in most of the vagal C-fibers innervating the airway.	Isoflurane	12-22	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Mus musculus	191-196
25928815-12	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Memory impairment induced by repeated neonatal exposure to isoflurane is associated with dysregulated histone H4K12 acetylation in the hippocampus, which probably affects downstream c-Fos gene expression following CFC training.	Isoflurane	72-82	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	195-200
25536091-0	2015	Up-regulation of microRNA-21 mediates isoflurane-induced protection of cardiomyocytes.	Isoflurane	38-48	microRNA 21a	Mus musculus	17-28
25536091-9	2015	RESULTS: Isoflurane induces an acute up-regulation of miR-21 in both in vivo and in vitro rat models (n = 6, 247.8 +- 27.5% and 258.5 +- 9.0%), which mediates protection to cardiomyocytes through down-regulation of programmed cell death protein 4 messenger RNA (n = 3, 82.0 +- 4.9% of control group).	Isoflurane	9-19	microRNA 21	Rattus norvegicus	54-60
25536091-9	2015	RESULTS: Isoflurane induces an acute up-regulation of miR-21 in both in vivo and in vitro rat models (n = 6, 247.8 +- 27.5% and 258.5 +- 9.0%), which mediates protection to cardiomyocytes through down-regulation of programmed cell death protein 4 messenger RNA (n = 3, 82.0 +- 4.9% of control group).	Isoflurane	9-19	programmed cell death 4	Rattus norvegicus	215-246
25536091-11	2015	In addition, the protective effect of isoflurane was abolished in miR-21 knockout mice in vivo, with no significant decrease in infarct size compared with nonexposed controls (n = 8, 62.3 +- 4.6% and 56.2 +- 3.2%).	Isoflurane	38-48	microRNA 21a	Mus musculus	66-72
25536091-12	2015	CONCLUSIONS: The authors demonstrate for the first time that isoflurane mediates protection of cardiomyocytes against oxidative stress via an miR-21/programmed cell death protein 4 pathway.	Isoflurane	61-71	microRNA 21a	Mus musculus	142-148
25536091-12	2015	CONCLUSIONS: The authors demonstrate for the first time that isoflurane mediates protection of cardiomyocytes against oxidative stress via an miR-21/programmed cell death protein 4 pathway.	Isoflurane	61-71	programmed cell death 4	Mus musculus	149-180
25646842-1	2015	BACKGROUND: Isoflurane is a potent volatile anesthetic; however, it evokes airway irritation and neurogenic constriction through transient receptor potential (TRP) A1 channels and sensitizes TRPV1 channels, which colocalizes with TRPA1 in most of the vagal C-fibers innervating the airway.	Isoflurane	12-22	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	230-235
25646842-3	2015	METHODS: By using a rodent behavioral model and whole-body plethysmograph, the authors examined the response of Trpa1 and Trpv1 mice to isoflurane anesthesia and monitored their respiratory functions during anesthesia.	Isoflurane	136-146	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	112-117
25646842-3	2015	METHODS: By using a rodent behavioral model and whole-body plethysmograph, the authors examined the response of Trpa1 and Trpv1 mice to isoflurane anesthesia and monitored their respiratory functions during anesthesia.	Isoflurane	136-146	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Mus musculus	122-127
25909079-0	2015	HIF-1alpha Mediates Isoflurane-Induced Vascular Protection in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.	Isoflurane	20-30	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	0-10
25646842-4	2015	RESULTS: This study showed that Trpa1 mice (n = 9), but not Trpv1 mice (n = 11), displayed a shortened induction latency compared with wild-type mice (n = 10) during isoflurane anesthesia (33 +- 2.0 s in wild-type and 33 +- 3.8 s in Trpv1 vs. 17 +- 1.8 in Trpa1 at 2.2 minimum alveolar concentrations).	Isoflurane	166-176	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	32-37
25646842-7	2015	Further respiration pattern analysis revealed that isoflurane triggered nociceptive reflexes and led to prolonged resting time between breaths during isoflurane induction as well as decreased dynamic pulmonary compliance, an indicator of airway constriction, throughout isoflurane anesthesia in wild-type and Trpv1 mice, but not in Trpa1 mice.	Isoflurane	51-61	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Mus musculus	309-314
25646842-7	2015	Further respiration pattern analysis revealed that isoflurane triggered nociceptive reflexes and led to prolonged resting time between breaths during isoflurane induction as well as decreased dynamic pulmonary compliance, an indicator of airway constriction, throughout isoflurane anesthesia in wild-type and Trpv1 mice, but not in Trpa1 mice.	Isoflurane	51-61	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	332-337
25646842-8	2015	CONCLUSION: Activation of TRPA1 by isoflurane negatively affects anesthetic induction latency by altering respiratory patterns and impairing pulmonary compliance.	Isoflurane	35-45	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1	Mus musculus	26-31
25585005-8	2015	RESULTS: Isoflurane had significantly greater inhibitory effect on A341V + KCNE1 (62.2 +- 3.4%, n = 8) than on wild-type KCNQ1 + KCNE1 (40.7 +- 4.5%; n = 9) in transfected HEK293 cells.	Isoflurane	9-19	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E regulatory subunit 1	Homo sapiens	75-80
25585005-8	2015	RESULTS: Isoflurane had significantly greater inhibitory effect on A341V + KCNE1 (62.2 +- 3.4%, n = 8) than on wild-type KCNQ1 + KCNE1 (40.7 +- 4.5%; n = 9) in transfected HEK293 cells.	Isoflurane	9-19	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1	Homo sapiens	121-126
25585005-9	2015	Under heterozygous conditions, isoflurane inhibited A341V + KCNQ1 + KCNE1 by 65.2 +- 3.0% (n = 13) and wild-type KCNQ1 + KCNE1 (2:1 ratio) by 32.0 +- 4.5% (n = 11).	Isoflurane	31-41	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1	Homo sapiens	60-65
25585005-9	2015	Under heterozygous conditions, isoflurane inhibited A341V + KCNQ1 + KCNE1 by 65.2 +- 3.0% (n = 13) and wild-type KCNQ1 + KCNE1 (2:1 ratio) by 32.0 +- 4.5% (n = 11).	Isoflurane	31-41	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E regulatory subunit 1	Homo sapiens	68-73
25585005-9	2015	Under heterozygous conditions, isoflurane inhibited A341V + KCNQ1 + KCNE1 by 65.2 +- 3.0% (n = 13) and wild-type KCNQ1 + KCNE1 (2:1 ratio) by 32.0 +- 4.5% (n = 11).	Isoflurane	31-41	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1	Homo sapiens	113-118
25585005-9	2015	Under heterozygous conditions, isoflurane inhibited A341V + KCNQ1 + KCNE1 by 65.2 +- 3.0% (n = 13) and wild-type KCNQ1 + KCNE1 (2:1 ratio) by 32.0 +- 4.5% (n = 11).	Isoflurane	31-41	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E regulatory subunit 1	Homo sapiens	121-126
25513848-8	2015	In contrast, lung preconditioning with isoflurane anesthesia increases lung ECRG4 gene expression.	Isoflurane	39-49	ECRG4 augurin precursor	Homo sapiens	76-81
25909079-6	2015	Isoflurane-induced changes in hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha)-dependent genes were assessed via quantitative polymerase chain reaction.	Isoflurane	0-10	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	30-61
25909079-6	2015	Isoflurane-induced changes in hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha)-dependent genes were assessed via quantitative polymerase chain reaction.	Isoflurane	0-10	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	63-73
25909079-10	2015	Isoflurane modulated HIF-1alpha-dependent genes - changes that were abolished in 2ME2-treated WT mice and EC-HIF-1alpha-null mice.	Isoflurane	0-10	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	21-31
25909079-12	2015	INTERPRETATION: Isoflurane postconditioning provides strong HIF-1alpha-mediated macro- and microvascular protection in SAH, leading to improved neurological outcome.	Isoflurane	16-26	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	60-70
25406893-5	2015	Mice subjected to isoflurane with laparotomy, compared with mice receiving isoflurane alone, had &gt;2-fold upregulation of genes in inflammation (Osm, IL1rn, IL1b, and Csf1), oxidative stress (Hmox1), heat shock (Hspa1b), growth arrest (Cdkn1a), and DNA repair (Ugt1a2).	Isoflurane	75-85	colony stimulating factor 1 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	169-173
25406893-5	2015	Mice subjected to isoflurane with laparotomy, compared with mice receiving isoflurane alone, had &gt;2-fold upregulation of genes in inflammation (Osm, IL1rn, IL1b, and Csf1), oxidative stress (Hmox1), heat shock (Hspa1b), growth arrest (Cdkn1a), and DNA repair (Ugt1a2).	Isoflurane	75-85	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	194-199
25406893-5	2015	Mice subjected to isoflurane with laparotomy, compared with mice receiving isoflurane alone, had &gt;2-fold upregulation of genes in inflammation (Osm, IL1rn, IL1b, and Csf1), oxidative stress (Hmox1), heat shock (Hspa1b), growth arrest (Cdkn1a), and DNA repair (Ugt1a2).	Isoflurane	18-28	interleukin 1 receptor antagonist	Mus musculus	152-157
25406893-5	2015	Mice subjected to isoflurane with laparotomy, compared with mice receiving isoflurane alone, had &gt;2-fold upregulation of genes in inflammation (Osm, IL1rn, IL1b, and Csf1), oxidative stress (Hmox1), heat shock (Hspa1b), growth arrest (Cdkn1a), and DNA repair (Ugt1a2).	Isoflurane	18-28	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	159-163
25406893-5	2015	Mice subjected to isoflurane with laparotomy, compared with mice receiving isoflurane alone, had &gt;2-fold upregulation of genes in inflammation (Osm, IL1rn, IL1b, and Csf1), oxidative stress (Hmox1), heat shock (Hspa1b), growth arrest (Cdkn1a), and DNA repair (Ugt1a2).	Isoflurane	75-85	heat shock protein 1B	Mus musculus	214-220
25406893-5	2015	Mice subjected to isoflurane with laparotomy, compared with mice receiving isoflurane alone, had &gt;2-fold upregulation of genes in inflammation (Osm, IL1rn, IL1b, and Csf1), oxidative stress (Hmox1), heat shock (Hspa1b), growth arrest (Cdkn1a), and DNA repair (Ugt1a2).	Isoflurane	18-28	colony stimulating factor 1 (macrophage)	Mus musculus	169-173
25406893-5	2015	Mice subjected to isoflurane with laparotomy, compared with mice receiving isoflurane alone, had &gt;2-fold upregulation of genes in inflammation (Osm, IL1rn, IL1b, and Csf1), oxidative stress (Hmox1), heat shock (Hspa1b), growth arrest (Cdkn1a), and DNA repair (Ugt1a2).	Isoflurane	75-85	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21)	Mus musculus	238-244
25406893-5	2015	Mice subjected to isoflurane with laparotomy, compared with mice receiving isoflurane alone, had &gt;2-fold upregulation of genes in inflammation (Osm, IL1rn, IL1b, and Csf1), oxidative stress (Hmox1), heat shock (Hspa1b), growth arrest (Cdkn1a), and DNA repair (Ugt1a2).	Isoflurane	18-28	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	194-199
25406893-5	2015	Mice subjected to isoflurane with laparotomy, compared with mice receiving isoflurane alone, had &gt;2-fold upregulation of genes in inflammation (Osm, IL1rn, IL1b, and Csf1), oxidative stress (Hmox1), heat shock (Hspa1b), growth arrest (Cdkn1a), and DNA repair (Ugt1a2).	Isoflurane	18-28	heat shock protein 1B	Mus musculus	214-220
25406893-5	2015	Mice subjected to isoflurane with laparotomy, compared with mice receiving isoflurane alone, had &gt;2-fold upregulation of genes in inflammation (Osm, IL1rn, IL1b, and Csf1), oxidative stress (Hmox1), heat shock (Hspa1b), growth arrest (Cdkn1a), and DNA repair (Ugt1a2).	Isoflurane	75-85	UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A2	Mus musculus	263-269
25406893-5	2015	Mice subjected to isoflurane with laparotomy, compared with mice receiving isoflurane alone, had &gt;2-fold upregulation of genes in inflammation (Osm, IL1rn, IL1b, and Csf1), oxidative stress (Hmox1), heat shock (Hspa1b), growth arrest (Cdkn1a), and DNA repair (Ugt1a2).	Isoflurane	18-28	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21)	Mus musculus	238-244
25406893-5	2015	Mice subjected to isoflurane with laparotomy, compared with mice receiving isoflurane alone, had &gt;2-fold upregulation of genes in inflammation (Osm, IL1rn, IL1b, and Csf1), oxidative stress (Hmox1), heat shock (Hspa1b), growth arrest (Cdkn1a), and DNA repair (Ugt1a2).	Isoflurane	18-28	UDP glucuronosyltransferase 1 family, polypeptide A2	Mus musculus	263-269
25678147-0	2015	Reduction of orexin-A is responsible for prolonged emergence of the rat subjected to sleep deprivation from isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	108-118	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	13-21
25406893-5	2015	Mice subjected to isoflurane with laparotomy, compared with mice receiving isoflurane alone, had &gt;2-fold upregulation of genes in inflammation (Osm, IL1rn, IL1b, and Csf1), oxidative stress (Hmox1), heat shock (Hspa1b), growth arrest (Cdkn1a), and DNA repair (Ugt1a2).	Isoflurane	75-85	interleukin 1 receptor antagonist	Mus musculus	152-157
25406893-5	2015	Mice subjected to isoflurane with laparotomy, compared with mice receiving isoflurane alone, had &gt;2-fold upregulation of genes in inflammation (Osm, IL1rn, IL1b, and Csf1), oxidative stress (Hmox1), heat shock (Hspa1b), growth arrest (Cdkn1a), and DNA repair (Ugt1a2).	Isoflurane	75-85	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	159-163
25482108-4	2015	The present study investigated whether cardioprotection by isoflurane depends on the activation of ALDH2 and aimed to determine how protein kinase C (PKC)delta is involved in isoflurane-induced cardioprotection.	Isoflurane	59-69	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	Rattus norvegicus	99-104
25482108-8	2015	Isoflurane pretreatment was observed to attenuate the release of LDH and CK-MB, and enhance the phosphorylation of ALDH2.	Isoflurane	0-10	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	Rattus norvegicus	115-120
25482108-9	2015	Activation of ALDH2 and cardioprotection induced by isoflurane preconditioning were enhanced by a PKCdelta inhibitor.	Isoflurane	52-62	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	Rattus norvegicus	14-19
25482108-10	2015	The results suggest that the activation of ALDH2 by the inhibition of the mitochondrial translocation of PKCdelta is important in the protection of the myocardium from I/R injury, and that the effect of PKCdelta on isoflurane preconditioning is directly opposed to that of PKCepsilon.	Isoflurane	215-225	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	Rattus norvegicus	43-48
25597859-5	2015	We found that isoflurane decreased IGF-1 level and suppressed activation of IGF-1 receptor, sequentially inhibiting S6 activity via IGF-1/MEK/ERK and IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.	Isoflurane	14-24	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-40
25597859-5	2015	We found that isoflurane decreased IGF-1 level and suppressed activation of IGF-1 receptor, sequentially inhibiting S6 activity via IGF-1/MEK/ERK and IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.	Isoflurane	14-24	insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	76-90
25597859-5	2015	We found that isoflurane decreased IGF-1 level and suppressed activation of IGF-1 receptor, sequentially inhibiting S6 activity via IGF-1/MEK/ERK and IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.	Isoflurane	14-24	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-81
25597859-5	2015	We found that isoflurane decreased IGF-1 level and suppressed activation of IGF-1 receptor, sequentially inhibiting S6 activity via IGF-1/MEK/ERK and IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.	Isoflurane	14-24	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	142-145
25597859-5	2015	We found that isoflurane decreased IGF-1 level and suppressed activation of IGF-1 receptor, sequentially inhibiting S6 activity via IGF-1/MEK/ERK and IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.	Isoflurane	14-24	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	76-81
25597859-5	2015	We found that isoflurane decreased IGF-1 level and suppressed activation of IGF-1 receptor, sequentially inhibiting S6 activity via IGF-1/MEK/ERK and IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.	Isoflurane	14-24	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	161-164
25597859-6	2015	S6 inhibition enhanced isoflurane-induced decreased Bcl-xL and increased cleaved caspase-3 and Bad, also reduced PSD95 expression and aggravated deficits of spatial learning and memory.	Isoflurane	23-33	Bcl2-like 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-58
25597859-6	2015	S6 inhibition enhanced isoflurane-induced decreased Bcl-xL and increased cleaved caspase-3 and Bad, also reduced PSD95 expression and aggravated deficits of spatial learning and memory.	Isoflurane	23-33	discs large MAGUK scaffold protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	113-118
25597859-8	2015	These results indicate that S6 inhibition, led by suppression of upstream IGF-1/MEK/ERK and IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, is involved in the neuroapoptosis, synaptogenesis impairment and spatial learning and memory decline caused by postnatal isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	248-258	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-79
25912591-0	2015	Exendin-4, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, enhances isoflurane-induced preconditioning against myocardial infarction via caveolin-3 expression.	Isoflurane	62-72	glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor	Mus musculus	0-43
25912591-0	2015	Exendin-4, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, enhances isoflurane-induced preconditioning against myocardial infarction via caveolin-3 expression.	Isoflurane	62-72	caveolin 3	Mus musculus	131-141
25912591-12	2015	The cardioprotective effects of isoflurane, exendin-4, and isoflurane with exendin-4 were abolished in caveolin-3 knockout mice.	Isoflurane	32-42	caveolin 3	Mus musculus	103-113
25912591-12	2015	The cardioprotective effects of isoflurane, exendin-4, and isoflurane with exendin-4 were abolished in caveolin-3 knockout mice.	Isoflurane	59-69	caveolin 3	Mus musculus	103-113
25912591-13	2015	CONCLUSIONS: The combination of isoflurane and exendin-4 reduced infarct size, but it was not more effective than either agent alone, and the cardioprotective effects of these agents are mediated by caveolin-3 expression.	Isoflurane	32-42	caveolin 3	Mus musculus	199-209
25450597-11	2015	IL-1beta in the hippocampus was increased at 4 h after isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	55-65	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
25517196-5	2015	RESULTS: Desflurane and, less so, isoflurane caused a concentration-dependent tracheal CGRP release, both saturating at 1 MAC (human), that is, 6% and 1.25%, respectively.	Isoflurane	34-44	calcitonin/calcitonin-related polypeptide, alpha	Mus musculus	87-91
25524410-0	2015	Isoflurane anesthesia results in reversible ultrastructure and occludin tight junction protein expression changes in hippocampal blood-brain barrier in aged rats.	Isoflurane	0-10	occludin	Rattus norvegicus	63-71
25524410-7	2015	Isoflurane anesthesia resulted in reversible time-dependent BBB ultrastructure morphological damage and significant decreases in expression of the tight junction proteins occludin, which contributed to sodium fluorescein and IgG leakage.	Isoflurane	0-10	occludin	Rattus norvegicus	171-179
25451087-13	2015	Additionally, isoflurane anesthesia resulted in a heterogeneous attenuation of cocaine-induced Fos expression, with the most robust effect in the orbital cortex but no effect in the nucleus accumbens core (NAcC).	Isoflurane	14-24	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	95-98
25524410-9	2015	This in vivo data indicate that occludin down-regulation may be one of the mediators of isoflurane-induced hippocampus BBB disruption, and may contribute to hippocampus-dependent cognitive impairment after isoflurane exposure in aged rats.	Isoflurane	88-98	occludin	Rattus norvegicus	32-40
25524410-9	2015	This in vivo data indicate that occludin down-regulation may be one of the mediators of isoflurane-induced hippocampus BBB disruption, and may contribute to hippocampus-dependent cognitive impairment after isoflurane exposure in aged rats.	Isoflurane	206-216	occludin	Rattus norvegicus	32-40
25716562-0	2015	Ginsenoside Rg1 Attenuates Isoflurane-induced Caspase-3 Activation via Inhibiting Mitochondrial Dysfunction.	Isoflurane	27-37	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3A	Homo sapiens	12-15
25716562-0	2015	Ginsenoside Rg1 Attenuates Isoflurane-induced Caspase-3 Activation via Inhibiting Mitochondrial Dysfunction.	Isoflurane	27-37	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	46-55
25716562-3	2015	We therefore set out to determine whether ginsenoside Rg1 can attenuate isoflurane-induced caspase activation via inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction.	Isoflurane	72-82	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3A	Homo sapiens	54-57
25716562-4	2015	METHODS: We investigated the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 at concentrations of 12.5, 25, and 50 mumol/L and pretreatment times of 12 h and 24 h on isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation in H4 naive and stably transfected H4 human neuroglioma cells that express full-length human amyloid precursor protein (APP) (H4-APP cells).	Isoflurane	145-155	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3A	Homo sapiens	52-55
25716562-4	2015	METHODS: We investigated the effects of ginsenoside Rg1 at concentrations of 12.5, 25, and 50 mumol/L and pretreatment times of 12 h and 24 h on isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation in H4 naive and stably transfected H4 human neuroglioma cells that express full-length human amyloid precursor protein (APP) (H4-APP cells).	Isoflurane	145-155	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	164-173
25716562-7	2015	RESULTS: Here we show that pretreatment with 50 micromol/L ginsenoside Rg1 for 12 h attenuated isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation and mitochondrial dysfunction in H4-APP cells, while pretreatment with 25 and 50 micromol/L ginsenoside Rg1 for 24 h attenuated isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation and mitochondrial dysfunction in both H4 naive and H4-APP cells.	Isoflurane	95-105	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3A	Homo sapiens	71-74
25716562-7	2015	RESULTS: Here we show that pretreatment with 50 micromol/L ginsenoside Rg1 for 12 h attenuated isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation and mitochondrial dysfunction in H4-APP cells, while pretreatment with 25 and 50 micromol/L ginsenoside Rg1 for 24 h attenuated isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation and mitochondrial dysfunction in both H4 naive and H4-APP cells.	Isoflurane	95-105	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	114-123
25716562-7	2015	RESULTS: Here we show that pretreatment with 50 micromol/L ginsenoside Rg1 for 12 h attenuated isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation and mitochondrial dysfunction in H4-APP cells, while pretreatment with 25 and 50 micromol/L ginsenoside Rg1 for 24 h attenuated isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation and mitochondrial dysfunction in both H4 naive and H4-APP cells.	Isoflurane	95-105	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3A	Homo sapiens	239-242
25716562-7	2015	RESULTS: Here we show that pretreatment with 50 micromol/L ginsenoside Rg1 for 12 h attenuated isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation and mitochondrial dysfunction in H4-APP cells, while pretreatment with 25 and 50 micromol/L ginsenoside Rg1 for 24 h attenuated isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation and mitochondrial dysfunction in both H4 naive and H4-APP cells.	Isoflurane	95-105	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	282-291
25716562-7	2015	RESULTS: Here we show that pretreatment with 50 micromol/L ginsenoside Rg1 for 12 h attenuated isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation and mitochondrial dysfunction in H4-APP cells, while pretreatment with 25 and 50 micromol/L ginsenoside Rg1 for 24 h attenuated isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation and mitochondrial dysfunction in both H4 naive and H4-APP cells.	Isoflurane	263-273	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3A	Homo sapiens	71-74
25716562-8	2015	CONCLUSION: These data suggest that ginsenoside Rg1 may ameliorate isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation by inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction.	Isoflurane	67-77	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3A	Homo sapiens	48-51
25716562-8	2015	CONCLUSION: These data suggest that ginsenoside Rg1 may ameliorate isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation by inhibiting mitochondrial dysfunction.	Isoflurane	67-77	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	86-95
25716562-9	2015	Pending further studies, these findings might recommend the use of ginsenoside Rg1 in preventing and treating isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity.	Isoflurane	110-120	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 3A	Homo sapiens	79-82
25451087-0	2015	Region-specific effects of isoflurane anesthesia on Fos immunoreactivity in response to intravenous cocaine challenge in rats with a history of repeated cocaine administration.	Isoflurane	27-37	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
25451087-2	2015	administration of cocaine increases Fos immunoreactivity in rats under isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	71-81	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	36-39
25451087-3	2015	Given that Fos expression is a marker of neural activation, the results suggested that isoflurane is appropriate for imaging cocaine effects under anesthesia.	Isoflurane	87-97	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	11-14
25451087-14	2015	These results indicate that cocaine-induced Fos is preserved in the NAcC under isoflurane, suggesting that isoflurane can be used in imaging studies involving cocaine effects in this region.	Isoflurane	79-89	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	44-47
25451087-14	2015	These results indicate that cocaine-induced Fos is preserved in the NAcC under isoflurane, suggesting that isoflurane can be used in imaging studies involving cocaine effects in this region.	Isoflurane	107-117	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	44-47
26609525-0	2015	Isoflurane Damages the Developing Brain of Mice and Induces Subsequent Learning and Memory Deficits through FASL-FAS Signaling.	Isoflurane	0-10	Fas ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6)	Mus musculus	108-112
26609525-3	2015	We explored whether isoflurane damaged developing hippocampi through FASL-FAS signaling pathway, which is a well-known pathway of apoptosis.	Isoflurane	20-30	Fas ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6)	Mus musculus	69-73
26609525-13	2015	Isoflurane induces apoptosis in developing hippocampi of wild type mice but not in FAS- and FASL-knockout mice and damages brain development through FASL-FAS signaling.	Isoflurane	0-10	Fas ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6)	Mus musculus	149-153
26609525-8	2015	Isoflurane increased expression of FAS and FASL proteins in wild type mice.	Isoflurane	0-10	Fas ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6)	Mus musculus	43-47
26609525-9	2015	Compared to isoflurane-treated FAS- and FASL-knockout mice, isoflurane-treated wild type mice had higher expression of caspase-3 and more TUNEL-positive hippocampal cells.	Isoflurane	60-70	Fas ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6)	Mus musculus	40-44
26609525-9	2015	Compared to isoflurane-treated FAS- and FASL-knockout mice, isoflurane-treated wild type mice had higher expression of caspase-3 and more TUNEL-positive hippocampal cells.	Isoflurane	60-70	caspase 3	Mus musculus	119-128
26609525-10	2015	Expression of caspase-3 in wild isoflurane group, wild control group, FAS/FASL-gene-knockout control group, and FAS/FASL-gene-knockout isoflurane group showed FAS or FASL gene knockout might attenuate increase of caspase-3 caused by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	32-42	caspase 3	Mus musculus	14-23
26609525-10	2015	Expression of caspase-3 in wild isoflurane group, wild control group, FAS/FASL-gene-knockout control group, and FAS/FASL-gene-knockout isoflurane group showed FAS or FASL gene knockout might attenuate increase of caspase-3 caused by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	135-145	caspase 3	Mus musculus	14-23
26609525-10	2015	Expression of caspase-3 in wild isoflurane group, wild control group, FAS/FASL-gene-knockout control group, and FAS/FASL-gene-knockout isoflurane group showed FAS or FASL gene knockout might attenuate increase of caspase-3 caused by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	135-145	Fas ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6)	Mus musculus	116-120
26609525-10	2015	Expression of caspase-3 in wild isoflurane group, wild control group, FAS/FASL-gene-knockout control group, and FAS/FASL-gene-knockout isoflurane group showed FAS or FASL gene knockout might attenuate increase of caspase-3 caused by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	135-145	Fas ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6)	Mus musculus	116-120
26609525-10	2015	Expression of caspase-3 in wild isoflurane group, wild control group, FAS/FASL-gene-knockout control group, and FAS/FASL-gene-knockout isoflurane group showed FAS or FASL gene knockout might attenuate increase of caspase-3 caused by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	135-145	caspase 3	Mus musculus	14-23
26609525-10	2015	Expression of caspase-3 in wild isoflurane group, wild control group, FAS/FASL-gene-knockout control group, and FAS/FASL-gene-knockout isoflurane group showed FAS or FASL gene knockout might attenuate increase of caspase-3 caused by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	135-145	Fas ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6)	Mus musculus	116-120
26609525-10	2015	Expression of caspase-3 in wild isoflurane group, wild control group, FAS/FASL-gene-knockout control group, and FAS/FASL-gene-knockout isoflurane group showed FAS or FASL gene knockout might attenuate increase of caspase-3 caused by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	135-145	Fas ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6)	Mus musculus	116-120
24961570-0	2015	The Role of SUMO-Conjugating Enzyme Ubc9 in the Neuroprotection of Isoflurane Preconditioning Against Ischemic Neuronal Injury.	Isoflurane	67-77	ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2I	Rattus norvegicus	12-40
25673905-15	2015	There was a significant positive linear relation between end-tidal isoflurane partial pressure (ETiso) and Pc1 latency (P = 0.04).	Isoflurane	67-77	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1	Bos taurus	107-110
26159215-5	2015	At specific doses and times, isoflurane upregulated the expression of HIF-1alpha and the stromal-derived factor-1 receptor CXCR4, and induced the activation of Akt, similar to hypoxia, and the effect of isoflurane was abrogated by silencing of HIF-1alpha or inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling.	Isoflurane	29-39	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	70-80
26159215-5	2015	At specific doses and times, isoflurane upregulated the expression of HIF-1alpha and the stromal-derived factor-1 receptor CXCR4, and induced the activation of Akt, similar to hypoxia, and the effect of isoflurane was abrogated by silencing of HIF-1alpha or inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling.	Isoflurane	29-39	chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4	Mus musculus	123-128
26159215-5	2015	At specific doses and times, isoflurane upregulated the expression of HIF-1alpha and the stromal-derived factor-1 receptor CXCR4, and induced the activation of Akt, similar to hypoxia, and the effect of isoflurane was abrogated by silencing of HIF-1alpha or inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling.	Isoflurane	29-39	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	160-163
26159215-5	2015	At specific doses and times, isoflurane upregulated the expression of HIF-1alpha and the stromal-derived factor-1 receptor CXCR4, and induced the activation of Akt, similar to hypoxia, and the effect of isoflurane was abrogated by silencing of HIF-1alpha or inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling.	Isoflurane	29-39	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	244-254
26159215-5	2015	At specific doses and times, isoflurane upregulated the expression of HIF-1alpha and the stromal-derived factor-1 receptor CXCR4, and induced the activation of Akt, similar to hypoxia, and the effect of isoflurane was abrogated by silencing of HIF-1alpha or inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling.	Isoflurane	29-39	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	277-280
26159215-5	2015	At specific doses and times, isoflurane upregulated the expression of HIF-1alpha and the stromal-derived factor-1 receptor CXCR4, and induced the activation of Akt, similar to hypoxia, and the effect of isoflurane was abrogated by silencing of HIF-1alpha or inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling.	Isoflurane	203-213	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	160-163
26159215-7	2015	CONCLUSION: Isoflurane preconditioning at specific doses and times improves the survival and function of BMSCs through the upregulation of CXCR4 via a mechanism involving HIF-1alpha expression and the PI3K/Akt pathway, suggesting that anesthetic preconditioning could be developed as a strategy to improve the efficiency of cell therapy.	Isoflurane	12-22	chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 4	Mus musculus	139-144
26159215-7	2015	CONCLUSION: Isoflurane preconditioning at specific doses and times improves the survival and function of BMSCs through the upregulation of CXCR4 via a mechanism involving HIF-1alpha expression and the PI3K/Akt pathway, suggesting that anesthetic preconditioning could be developed as a strategy to improve the efficiency of cell therapy.	Isoflurane	12-22	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	171-181
26159215-7	2015	CONCLUSION: Isoflurane preconditioning at specific doses and times improves the survival and function of BMSCs through the upregulation of CXCR4 via a mechanism involving HIF-1alpha expression and the PI3K/Akt pathway, suggesting that anesthetic preconditioning could be developed as a strategy to improve the efficiency of cell therapy.	Isoflurane	12-22	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	206-209
25553444-0	2015	Isoflurane attenuates LPS-induced acute lung injury by targeting miR-155-HIF1-alpha.	Isoflurane	0-10	interferon regulatory factor 6	Homo sapiens	22-25
25553444-0	2015	Isoflurane attenuates LPS-induced acute lung injury by targeting miR-155-HIF1-alpha.	Isoflurane	0-10	microRNA 155	Mus musculus	65-72
25553444-2	2015	In this study, we investigated the protective mechanism of isoflurane postconditioning in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)induced ALI.	Isoflurane	59-69	interferon regulatory factor 6	Homo sapiens	110-113
25553444-3	2015	Exposure to isoflurane decreased miR-155 and upregulated HIF-1 alpha and HO-1 mRNA and protein.	Isoflurane	12-22	microRNA 155	Homo sapiens	33-40
25553444-3	2015	Exposure to isoflurane decreased miR-155 and upregulated HIF-1 alpha and HO-1 mRNA and protein.	Isoflurane	12-22	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	57-68
25553444-3	2015	Exposure to isoflurane decreased miR-155 and upregulated HIF-1 alpha and HO-1 mRNA and protein.	Isoflurane	12-22	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	73-77
25553444-4	2015	The effects of isoflurane on HIF-1 alpha mRNA and protein could be inhibited by overexpression of miR-155.	Isoflurane	15-25	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	29-40
25553444-4	2015	The effects of isoflurane on HIF-1 alpha mRNA and protein could be inhibited by overexpression of miR-155.	Isoflurane	15-25	microRNA 155	Homo sapiens	98-105
25553444-5	2015	Furthermore, mice overexpressing miR-155 had higher levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta in BALF when exposed to isoflurane after LPS challenge.Conversely, downregulation of miR-155 promoted isoflurane effects on HIF-1 alpha expression.	Isoflurane	110-120	microRNA 155	Mus musculus	33-40
25553444-5	2015	Furthermore, mice overexpressing miR-155 had higher levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta in BALF when exposed to isoflurane after LPS challenge.Conversely, downregulation of miR-155 promoted isoflurane effects on HIF-1 alpha expression.	Isoflurane	110-120	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	62-71
25553444-5	2015	Furthermore, mice overexpressing miR-155 had higher levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta in BALF when exposed to isoflurane after LPS challenge.Conversely, downregulation of miR-155 promoted isoflurane effects on HIF-1 alpha expression.	Isoflurane	110-120	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	76-85
25553444-5	2015	Furthermore, mice overexpressing miR-155 had higher levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta in BALF when exposed to isoflurane after LPS challenge.Conversely, downregulation of miR-155 promoted isoflurane effects on HIF-1 alpha expression.	Isoflurane	110-120	interferon regulatory factor 6	Homo sapiens	127-130
25553444-5	2015	Furthermore, mice overexpressing miR-155 had higher levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta in BALF when exposed to isoflurane after LPS challenge.Conversely, downregulation of miR-155 promoted isoflurane effects on HIF-1 alpha expression.	Isoflurane	110-120	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	210-221
25553444-5	2015	Furthermore, mice overexpressing miR-155 had higher levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta in BALF when exposed to isoflurane after LPS challenge.Conversely, downregulation of miR-155 promoted isoflurane effects on HIF-1 alpha expression.	Isoflurane	188-198	microRNA 155	Mus musculus	33-40
25553444-5	2015	Furthermore, mice overexpressing miR-155 had higher levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta in BALF when exposed to isoflurane after LPS challenge.Conversely, downregulation of miR-155 promoted isoflurane effects on HIF-1 alpha expression.	Isoflurane	188-198	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	62-71
25553444-5	2015	Furthermore, mice overexpressing miR-155 had higher levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta in BALF when exposed to isoflurane after LPS challenge.Conversely, downregulation of miR-155 promoted isoflurane effects on HIF-1 alpha expression.	Isoflurane	188-198	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	76-85
25553444-5	2015	Furthermore, mice overexpressing miR-155 had higher levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta in BALF when exposed to isoflurane after LPS challenge.Conversely, downregulation of miR-155 promoted isoflurane effects on HIF-1 alpha expression.	Isoflurane	188-198	interferon regulatory factor 6	Homo sapiens	127-130
25553444-5	2015	Furthermore, mice overexpressing miR-155 had higher levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta in BALF when exposed to isoflurane after LPS challenge.Conversely, downregulation of miR-155 promoted isoflurane effects on HIF-1 alpha expression.	Isoflurane	188-198	microRNA 155	Mus musculus	171-178
25553444-5	2015	Furthermore, mice overexpressing miR-155 had higher levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta in BALF when exposed to isoflurane after LPS challenge.Conversely, downregulation of miR-155 promoted isoflurane effects on HIF-1 alpha expression.	Isoflurane	188-198	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	210-221
25553444-6	2015	These results suggest that isoflurane posttreatment hr alleviates LPS-induced ALI and cell injury by triggering miR-155-HIF-1 alpha pathway, leading to upregulation of HO-1.	Isoflurane	27-37	interferon regulatory factor 6	Homo sapiens	66-69
25553444-6	2015	These results suggest that isoflurane posttreatment hr alleviates LPS-induced ALI and cell injury by triggering miR-155-HIF-1 alpha pathway, leading to upregulation of HO-1.	Isoflurane	27-37	microRNA 155	Mus musculus	112-119
25553444-6	2015	These results suggest that isoflurane posttreatment hr alleviates LPS-induced ALI and cell injury by triggering miR-155-HIF-1 alpha pathway, leading to upregulation of HO-1.	Isoflurane	27-37	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	120-131
25553444-6	2015	These results suggest that isoflurane posttreatment hr alleviates LPS-induced ALI and cell injury by triggering miR-155-HIF-1 alpha pathway, leading to upregulation of HO-1.	Isoflurane	27-37	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	168-172
26356830-6	2015	Furthermore, the mRNA expressions of androgen receptor (AR), kisspeptin encoded gene (Kiss-1) and its receptor (GPR54) in hypothalamus were significantly diminished by isoflurane (p&lt;0.01).	Isoflurane	168-178	androgen receptor	Rattus norvegicus	37-54
26356830-6	2015	Furthermore, the mRNA expressions of androgen receptor (AR), kisspeptin encoded gene (Kiss-1) and its receptor (GPR54) in hypothalamus were significantly diminished by isoflurane (p&lt;0.01).	Isoflurane	168-178	androgen receptor	Rattus norvegicus	56-58
26356830-6	2015	Furthermore, the mRNA expressions of androgen receptor (AR), kisspeptin encoded gene (Kiss-1) and its receptor (GPR54) in hypothalamus were significantly diminished by isoflurane (p&lt;0.01).	Isoflurane	168-178	KiSS-1 metastasis-suppressor	Rattus norvegicus	86-92
26356830-6	2015	Furthermore, the mRNA expressions of androgen receptor (AR), kisspeptin encoded gene (Kiss-1) and its receptor (GPR54) in hypothalamus were significantly diminished by isoflurane (p&lt;0.01).	Isoflurane	168-178	KISS1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	112-117
26356830-7	2015	The results indicated that chronic exposure to isoflurane diminished the synthesis and secretion of GnRH by inhibiting the androgen-AR-Kisspeptin-GPR54 pathway and breaking the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal equilibrium, and therefore it could inhibit spermatogenesis.	Isoflurane	47-57	androgen receptor	Rattus norvegicus	132-134
26356830-7	2015	The results indicated that chronic exposure to isoflurane diminished the synthesis and secretion of GnRH by inhibiting the androgen-AR-Kisspeptin-GPR54 pathway and breaking the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal equilibrium, and therefore it could inhibit spermatogenesis.	Isoflurane	47-57	KISS1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	146-151
24365264-6	2015	RESULTS: The 5-HT2B class of receptors interacted significantly with both propofol and isoflurane in the primary screen.	Isoflurane	87-97	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens	13-19
24365264-10	2015	CONCLUSIONS: The molecular interactions between propofol and isoflurane with the 5-HT2B class of receptors were discovered and characterized.	Isoflurane	61-71	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2B	Homo sapiens	81-87
25471576-4	2014	Single-cell multiplex RT-PCR conducted on both isoflurane-activated, putative sleep-promoting VLPO neurons and neighboring, state-indifferent VLPO neurons in mouse brain slices revealed widespread expression of alpha2A-, alpha2B- and alpha2C-adrenergic receptors in both populations.	Isoflurane	47-57	adrenergic receptor, alpha 2a	Mus musculus	211-218
25068691-7	2014	RESULTS: We found that the glucose treatment might attenuate isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation and reduction of cell viability in H4 cells.	Isoflurane	61-71	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	80-89
25068691-10	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Pending further studies, these results suggested that glucose might attenuate isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation through a mitochondria-independent reduction in ROS levels and enhancement in ATP levels.	Isoflurane	91-101	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	110-119
25068691-0	2014	Glucose may attenuate isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation in H4 human neuroglioma cells.	Isoflurane	22-32	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	41-50
25068691-1	2014	BACKGROUND: The commonly used inhaled anesthetic isoflurane has been shown to induce caspase-3 activation.	Isoflurane	49-59	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	85-94
24614619-0	2014	The influence of total intravenous anaesthesia and isoflurane anaesthesia on plasma interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 concentrations after colorectal surgery for cancer: a randomised controlled trial.	Isoflurane	51-61	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	84-97
25068691-3	2014	Isoflurane may induce caspase-3 activation via causing accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduction in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels.	Isoflurane	0-10	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	22-31
25068691-4	2014	Therefore, we performed a hypothesis-generation study to determine whether glucose could attenuate isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation, ROS accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and ATP reduction in cultured cells.	Isoflurane	99-109	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	118-127
25329094-2	2014	We hypothesized that isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane would exert variable degrees of neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo via activation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75).	Isoflurane	21-31	PC4 and SFRS1 interacting protein 1	Homo sapiens	150-153
25329094-2	2014	We hypothesized that isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane would exert variable degrees of neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo via activation of the p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75).	Isoflurane	21-31	PC4 and SFRS1 interacting protein 1	Homo sapiens	177-180
25329094-9	2014	Isoflurane significantly increased NF-kappaB DNA-binding and transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB (relative Luminescence Units: OGD 500 [499/637] versus OGD + isoflurane 1478 [1363/1643], P = 0.001).	Isoflurane	0-10	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	35-44
25329094-9	2014	Isoflurane significantly increased NF-kappaB DNA-binding and transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB (relative Luminescence Units: OGD 500 [499/637] versus OGD + isoflurane 1478 [1363/1643], P = 0.001).	Isoflurane	0-10	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	89-98
25329094-9	2014	Isoflurane significantly increased NF-kappaB DNA-binding and transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB (relative Luminescence Units: OGD 500 [499/637] versus OGD + isoflurane 1478 [1363/1643], P = 0.001).	Isoflurane	160-170	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	35-44
25329094-9	2014	Isoflurane significantly increased NF-kappaB DNA-binding and transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB (relative Luminescence Units: OGD 500 [499/637] versus OGD + isoflurane 1478 [1363/1643], P = 0.001).	Isoflurane	160-170	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	89-98
25329094-10	2014	Pharmacological inhibition or siRNA knockdown of p75 counteracted the aggravating effects of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	93-103	PC4 and SFRS1 interacting protein 1	Homo sapiens	49-52
25329094-11	2014	Isoflurane increased RGC damage in vivo (IRI 1479 RGC/mm(2) [1311/1697] versus IRI + isoflurane 1170 [1093/1211], P = 0.03), which was counteracted by p75-inhibition via TAT-pep5 (P = 0.02).	Isoflurane	0-10	PC4 and SFRS1 interacting protein 1	Homo sapiens	151-154
25329094-12	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane but not sevoflurane or desflurane postexposure aggravates neurotoxicity in preinjured neurons via activation of p75 and NF-kappaB.	Isoflurane	13-23	PC4 and SFRS1 interacting protein 1	Homo sapiens	136-139
25329094-12	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane but not sevoflurane or desflurane postexposure aggravates neurotoxicity in preinjured neurons via activation of p75 and NF-kappaB.	Isoflurane	13-23	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	144-153
24614619-2	2014	OBJECTIVE: The aim of this present study was to compare the effects of total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) and isoflurane anaesthesia on plasma concentrations of interleukins IL-6 and IL-10 in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer.	Isoflurane	112-122	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	176-180
24614619-2	2014	OBJECTIVE: The aim of this present study was to compare the effects of total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) and isoflurane anaesthesia on plasma concentrations of interleukins IL-6 and IL-10 in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer.	Isoflurane	112-122	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	185-190
24614619-11	2014	For IL-10, AUC was 1165 (344 to 5258) pg h ml in the TIVA group and 1405 (463 to 8161) pg h ml in the isoflurane group.	Isoflurane	102-112	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	4-9
24614619-13	2014	Intragroup comparisons revealed that IL-6 and IL-10 concentrations were significantly increased 2 and 24 h postoperatively in both groups when compared with their baseline values (P &lt; 0.01 and P &lt; 0.01 at 2 and 24 h for the TIVA group and isoflurane group, respectively).	Isoflurane	245-255	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	37-41
25142024-0	2014	High-fat diet reduces neuroprotection of isoflurane post-treatment: Role of carboxyl-terminal modulator protein-Akt signaling.	Isoflurane	41-51	thioesterase superfamily member 4	Mus musculus	76-111
25012594-0	2014	Isoflurane protects against injury caused by deprivation of oxygen and glucose in microglia through regulation of the Toll-like receptor 4 pathway.	Isoflurane	0-10	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	118-138
25012594-9	2014	Our results indicate that isoflurane preconditioning inhibits the upregulation of TLR4 as well as the activation of its downstream molecules, such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB), in BV-2 microglia exposed to OGD.	Isoflurane	26-36	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	82-86
25012594-9	2014	Our results indicate that isoflurane preconditioning inhibits the upregulation of TLR4 as well as the activation of its downstream molecules, such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB), in BV-2 microglia exposed to OGD.	Isoflurane	26-36	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	150-173
25012594-9	2014	Our results indicate that isoflurane preconditioning inhibits the upregulation of TLR4 as well as the activation of its downstream molecules, such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB), in BV-2 microglia exposed to OGD.	Isoflurane	26-36	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	175-178
25012594-9	2014	Our results indicate that isoflurane preconditioning inhibits the upregulation of TLR4 as well as the activation of its downstream molecules, such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB), in BV-2 microglia exposed to OGD.	Isoflurane	26-36	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	184-206
25012594-9	2014	Our results indicate that isoflurane preconditioning inhibits the upregulation of TLR4 as well as the activation of its downstream molecules, such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB), in BV-2 microglia exposed to OGD.	Isoflurane	26-36	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	208-217
25012594-10	2014	Importantly, we also found that isoflurane pretreatment significantly reduces the production of proinflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-beta, and nitric oxide (NO).	Isoflurane	32-42	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	128-155
25012594-10	2014	Importantly, we also found that isoflurane pretreatment significantly reduces the production of proinflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-beta, and nitric oxide (NO).	Isoflurane	32-42	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	157-166
25012594-10	2014	Importantly, we also found that isoflurane pretreatment significantly reduces the production of proinflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-beta, and nitric oxide (NO).	Isoflurane	32-42	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	169-182
25012594-10	2014	Importantly, we also found that isoflurane pretreatment significantly reduces the production of proinflammatory factors such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-beta, and nitric oxide (NO).	Isoflurane	32-42	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	184-188
25012594-11	2014	The results indicate that TLR4 and its downstream NF-kappaB-dependent signaling pathway contribute to the neuroprotection of microglia exposed to OGD/reoxygenation by administration of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	185-195	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	26-30
25012594-11	2014	The results indicate that TLR4 and its downstream NF-kappaB-dependent signaling pathway contribute to the neuroprotection of microglia exposed to OGD/reoxygenation by administration of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	185-195	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	50-59
24553857-0	2014	Epigenetic enhancement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling pathway improves cognitive impairments induced by isoflurane exposure in aged rats.	Isoflurane	120-130	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	26-59
24553857-4	2014	Our data showed that repeated isoflurane exposure significantly decreased the freezing time to context and the freezing time to tone in the fear conditioning test, which was associated with upregulated histone deacetylase 2, reduced histone acetylation, and increased inflammation and apoptosis in the hippocampus, and impairments of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) and the downstream signaling pathway phospho-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase and phospho-cAMP response element-binding protein.	Isoflurane	30-40	histone deacetylase 2	Rattus norvegicus	202-223
24553857-4	2014	Our data showed that repeated isoflurane exposure significantly decreased the freezing time to context and the freezing time to tone in the fear conditioning test, which was associated with upregulated histone deacetylase 2, reduced histone acetylation, and increased inflammation and apoptosis in the hippocampus, and impairments of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) and the downstream signaling pathway phospho-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase and phospho-cAMP response element-binding protein.	Isoflurane	30-40	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	334-367
24553857-4	2014	Our data showed that repeated isoflurane exposure significantly decreased the freezing time to context and the freezing time to tone in the fear conditioning test, which was associated with upregulated histone deacetylase 2, reduced histone acetylation, and increased inflammation and apoptosis in the hippocampus, and impairments of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) and the downstream signaling pathway phospho-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase and phospho-cAMP response element-binding protein.	Isoflurane	30-40	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	369-373
24553857-4	2014	Our data showed that repeated isoflurane exposure significantly decreased the freezing time to context and the freezing time to tone in the fear conditioning test, which was associated with upregulated histone deacetylase 2, reduced histone acetylation, and increased inflammation and apoptosis in the hippocampus, and impairments of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) and the downstream signaling pathway phospho-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase and phospho-cAMP response element-binding protein.	Isoflurane	30-40	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	403-407
24553857-5	2014	These results suggest that isoflurane-induced cognitive impairments are associated with the declines in chromatin histone acetylation and the resulting downregulation of BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	27-37	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	170-174
24553857-5	2014	These results suggest that isoflurane-induced cognitive impairments are associated with the declines in chromatin histone acetylation and the resulting downregulation of BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	27-37	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	175-179
24553857-7	2014	Therefore, epigenetic enhancement of BDNF-TrkB signaling may be a promising strategy for reversing isoflurane-induced cognitive impairments.	Isoflurane	99-109	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	37-41
24553857-7	2014	Therefore, epigenetic enhancement of BDNF-TrkB signaling may be a promising strategy for reversing isoflurane-induced cognitive impairments.	Isoflurane	99-109	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	42-46
25057841-7	2014	RESULTS: In vivo exposure to isoflurane and halothane doubled the fraction of active, c-Fos-expressing GABAergic neurons in the VLPO, whereas F6 failed to affect VLPO c-Fos expression.	Isoflurane	29-39	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	86-91
25057841-8	2014	Both in the presence and absence of tetrodotoxin, isoflurane dose-dependently increased c-Fos expression in GABAergic neurons ex vivo, whereas F6 failed to alter expression.	Isoflurane	50-60	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	88-93
25057841-9	2014	In GABAergic neurons of the median preoptic area, c-Fos expression increased with isoflurane and F6, but not with halothane exposure.	Isoflurane	82-92	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	50-55
25400168-8	2014	Our results demonstrated that ventricular hypertrophy abrogated isoflurane-induced delayed cardioprotection by alteration of iNOS/COX-2 pathway.	Isoflurane	64-74	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	125-129
25400168-8	2014	Our results demonstrated that ventricular hypertrophy abrogated isoflurane-induced delayed cardioprotection by alteration of iNOS/COX-2 pathway.	Isoflurane	64-74	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	130-135
24927827-6	2014	Significantly less deposition of Abeta in the CA1 area of the hippocampus and frontal cortex of mice exposed to isoflurane, propofol, diazepam, ketamine, and pentobarbital was observed.	Isoflurane	112-122	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	33-38
25142024-14	2014	LY294002, an Akt activation inhibitor, attenuated the isoflurane effects.	Isoflurane	54-64	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	13-16
25142024-17	2014	CONCLUSIONS: HFD attenuated isoflurane post-treatment-induced neuroprotection possibly because of decreased prosurvival Akt signaling.	Isoflurane	28-38	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	120-123
24699520-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Isoflurane has been reported to induce caspase-3 activation, which may induce neurotoxicity and contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer"s disease.	Isoflurane	12-22	caspase 3	Mus musculus	51-60
24699520-6	2014	RESULTS: Isoflurane 2% for 6 h treatment increased the levels of CHOP (876% vs 100%, P=0.00009) and caspase-12 (276% vs 100%, P=0.006), and induced caspase-3 activation in the neurones.	Isoflurane	9-19	DNA-damage inducible transcript 3	Mus musculus	65-69
25099925-7	2014	RESULTS: Prolonged exposure to ISO significantly increased cleaved caspase-3 expression in the cerebral cortex of 7-day-old rats compared with the group preconditioned with ISO and the controls using Western blot assays.	Isoflurane	31-34	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	67-76
24838805-11	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane suppresses histone acetylation and down-regulates c-Fos gene expression in CA1 of the hippocampus after CFC training.	Isoflurane	13-23	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	74-79
24838805-11	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane suppresses histone acetylation and down-regulates c-Fos gene expression in CA1 of the hippocampus after CFC training.	Isoflurane	13-23	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	99-102
24699520-6	2014	RESULTS: Isoflurane 2% for 6 h treatment increased the levels of CHOP (876% vs 100%, P=0.00009) and caspase-12 (276% vs 100%, P=0.006), and induced caspase-3 activation in the neurones.	Isoflurane	9-19	caspase 3	Mus musculus	148-157
24699520-7	2014	The administration of 2% isoflurane for 3 h (shorter duration), however, only increased the levels of CHOP (309% vs 100%, P=0.003) and caspase-12 (266% vs 100%, P=0.001), without causing caspase-3 activation.	Isoflurane	25-35	DNA-damage inducible transcript 3	Mus musculus	102-106
24699520-7	2014	The administration of 2% isoflurane for 3 h (shorter duration), however, only increased the levels of CHOP (309% vs 100%, P=0.003) and caspase-12 (266% vs 100%, P=0.001), without causing caspase-3 activation.	Isoflurane	25-35	caspase 3	Mus musculus	187-196
24699520-8	2014	The isoflurane-induced ER stress (CHOP: F=16.64, P=0.0022; caspase-12: F=6.13, P=0.0383) and caspase-3 activation (F=32.06, P=0.0005) were attenuated by the dantrolene treatment.	Isoflurane	4-14	DNA-damage inducible transcript 3	Mus musculus	34-38
24699520-8	2014	The isoflurane-induced ER stress (CHOP: F=16.64, P=0.0022; caspase-12: F=6.13, P=0.0383) and caspase-3 activation (F=32.06, P=0.0005) were attenuated by the dantrolene treatment.	Isoflurane	4-14	caspase 3	Mus musculus	93-102
24699520-9	2014	CONCLUSIONS: These data imply that isoflurane might induce caspase-3 activation by causing ER stress through RyRs, and dantrolene could attenuate the isoflurane-induced ER stress and caspase-3 activation.	Isoflurane	35-45	caspase 3	Mus musculus	59-68
24699520-9	2014	CONCLUSIONS: These data imply that isoflurane might induce caspase-3 activation by causing ER stress through RyRs, and dantrolene could attenuate the isoflurane-induced ER stress and caspase-3 activation.	Isoflurane	150-160	caspase 3	Mus musculus	183-192
25072260-0	2014	Prostate cancer cell malignancy via modulation of HIF-1alpha pathway with isoflurane and propofol alone and in combination.	Isoflurane	74-84	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	50-60
24633659-9	2014	Preconditioning [GGA, isoflurane (1.0 MAC), and GGA + isoflurane] increased the amount of Cav-3 protein in the discontinuous sucrose-gradient buoyant fractions.	Isoflurane	22-32	caveolin 3	Mus musculus	90-95
24633659-9	2014	Preconditioning [GGA, isoflurane (1.0 MAC), and GGA + isoflurane] increased the amount of Cav-3 protein in the discontinuous sucrose-gradient buoyant fractions.	Isoflurane	54-64	caveolin 3	Mus musculus	90-95
25072260-7	2014	RESULTS: We demonstrated that isoflurane, at a clinically relevant concentration induced upregulation of HIF-1alpha and its downstream effectors in PC3 cell line.	Isoflurane	30-40	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	105-115
25072260-9	2014	Inhibition of HIF-1alpha neosynthesis through upper pathway blocking by a PI-3K-Akt inhibitor or HIF-1alpha siRNA abolished isoflurane-induced effects.	Isoflurane	124-134	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	14-24
25072260-9	2014	Inhibition of HIF-1alpha neosynthesis through upper pathway blocking by a PI-3K-Akt inhibitor or HIF-1alpha siRNA abolished isoflurane-induced effects.	Isoflurane	124-134	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	97-107
25072260-11	2014	Propofol also prevented isoflurane-induced HIF-1alpha activation, and partially reduced cancer cell malignant activities.	Isoflurane	24-34	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	43-53
24878495-3	2014	The authors also examined the effects of isoflurane on InsP3R-mediated Ca release from the endoplasmic reticulum and changes in intracellular Ca concentration ([Ca]i).	Isoflurane	41-51	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 3	Rattus norvegicus	55-61
24878495-4	2014	RESULTS: Clinically relevant concentrations (approximately 1 minimal alveolar concentration) of the commonly used general anesthetic, isoflurane, activated InsP3R-3 channels with open probability similar to channels activated by 1 microM InsP3 (Po   0.2).	Isoflurane	134-144	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 3	Rattus norvegicus	156-162
24878495-5	2014	This isoflurane modulation of InsP3R-3 Po depended biphasically on [Ca]i.	Isoflurane	5-15	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 3	Rattus norvegicus	30-36
24878495-6	2014	Combination of isoflurane with subsaturating levels of InsP3 in patch pipettes resulted in at least two-fold augmentations of InsP3R-3 channel Po compared with InsP3 alone.	Isoflurane	15-25	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 3	Rattus norvegicus	126-132
24878495-8	2014	Application of isoflurane to DT40 cells resulted in a 30% amplification of InsP3R-mediated [Ca]i oscillations, whereas InsP3-induced increase in [Ca]i and cleaved caspase-3 activity were enhanced by approximately 2.5-fold.	Isoflurane	15-25	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 3	Rattus norvegicus	75-81
24878495-9	2014	CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the InsP3R may be a direct molecular target of isoflurane and plays a role in the mechanisms of anesthetic-mediated pharmacological or neurotoxic effects.	Isoflurane	86-96	inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor, type 3	Rattus norvegicus	43-49
25337224-14	2014	(2) Low concentration of isoflurane in 2 hours can induce a hippocampus-specific elevation of NR2B subunit composition and ratio of p-ERK1/2 to total ERK1/2, produce hippocampal-dependent cognitive improvement.	Isoflurane	25-35	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	134-140
25593732-8	2014	Halothane, enflurane, isoflurane and desflurane are metabolized through the metabolic pathway involving cytochrome P-450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and produce trifluoroacetylated components; some of which may be immunogenic.	Isoflurane	22-32	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	104-124
25593732-8	2014	Halothane, enflurane, isoflurane and desflurane are metabolized through the metabolic pathway involving cytochrome P-450 2E1 (CYP2E1) and produce trifluoroacetylated components; some of which may be immunogenic.	Isoflurane	22-32	cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1	Homo sapiens	126-132
25337224-14	2014	(2) Low concentration of isoflurane in 2 hours can induce a hippocampus-specific elevation of NR2B subunit composition and ratio of p-ERK1/2 to total ERK1/2, produce hippocampal-dependent cognitive improvement.	Isoflurane	25-35	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA2B (epsilon 2)	Mus musculus	94-98
25337224-14	2014	(2) Low concentration of isoflurane in 2 hours can induce a hippocampus-specific elevation of NR2B subunit composition and ratio of p-ERK1/2 to total ERK1/2, produce hippocampal-dependent cognitive improvement.	Isoflurane	25-35	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	150-156
25337224-15	2014	While high concentration of isoflurane exceeding 4 hours may induce a decline of NR2B and ratio of pERK1/2 to ERK1/2, then result in cognitive impairment.	Isoflurane	28-38	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA2B (epsilon 2)	Mus musculus	81-85
25337224-15	2014	While high concentration of isoflurane exceeding 4 hours may induce a decline of NR2B and ratio of pERK1/2 to ERK1/2, then result in cognitive impairment.	Isoflurane	28-38	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	100-106
25026397-0	2014	Both JNK and P38 MAPK pathways participate in the protection by dexmedetomidine against isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis in the hippocampus of neonatal rats.	Isoflurane	88-98	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	5-8
25026397-0	2014	Both JNK and P38 MAPK pathways participate in the protection by dexmedetomidine against isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis in the hippocampus of neonatal rats.	Isoflurane	88-98	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
25026397-12	2014	Our results indicate that the JNK and p38 pathways, not the ERK pathway are involved in dexmedetomidine-induced neuroprotection against isoflurane effects.	Isoflurane	136-146	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
25026397-8	2014	Isoflurane induced significant neuroapoptosis, increased the protein expression of phospho-JNK, phospho-c-Jun, phospho-p38 and phospho-nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), decreased the level of phospho-ERK1/2 protein and reduced the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in the hippocampus.	Isoflurane	0-10	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	91-94
25026397-12	2014	Our results indicate that the JNK and p38 pathways, not the ERK pathway are involved in dexmedetomidine-induced neuroprotection against isoflurane effects.	Isoflurane	136-146	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	38-41
25026397-8	2014	Isoflurane induced significant neuroapoptosis, increased the protein expression of phospho-JNK, phospho-c-Jun, phospho-p38 and phospho-nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), decreased the level of phospho-ERK1/2 protein and reduced the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in the hippocampus.	Isoflurane	0-10	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	119-122
25026397-8	2014	Isoflurane induced significant neuroapoptosis, increased the protein expression of phospho-JNK, phospho-c-Jun, phospho-p38 and phospho-nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), decreased the level of phospho-ERK1/2 protein and reduced the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in the hippocampus.	Isoflurane	0-10	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	201-207
25026397-8	2014	Isoflurane induced significant neuroapoptosis, increased the protein expression of phospho-JNK, phospho-c-Jun, phospho-p38 and phospho-nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), decreased the level of phospho-ERK1/2 protein and reduced the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in the hippocampus.	Isoflurane	0-10	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	241-246
25026397-8	2014	Isoflurane induced significant neuroapoptosis, increased the protein expression of phospho-JNK, phospho-c-Jun, phospho-p38 and phospho-nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), decreased the level of phospho-ERK1/2 protein and reduced the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax in the hippocampus.	Isoflurane	0-10	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	247-250
25026397-9	2014	Dexmedetomidine pretreatment inhibited isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis and restored proteins expression of MAPK pathways and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio after isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	153-163	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	131-136
25026397-9	2014	Dexmedetomidine pretreatment inhibited isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis and restored proteins expression of MAPK pathways and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio after isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	153-163	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	137-140
25434085-7	2014	The cathepsin L and myocardium infarction size of isoflurane-pretreated group decreased compared with the ischemia-reperfusion group (P&lt;0.05).	Isoflurane	50-60	cathepsin L	Rattus norvegicus	4-15
25009603-0	2014	Emulsified isoflurane anesthesia decreases brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression and induces cognitive dysfunction in adult rats.	Isoflurane	11-21	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	43-76
24667830-0	2014	Emulsified isoflurane enhances thermal transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 channel activation-mediated sensory/nociceptive blockade by QX-314.	Isoflurane	11-21	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	39-79
24667830-3	2014	The authors hypothesized that emulsified isoflurane (EI) could enhance thermal TRPV1 channel activation-mediated sensory/nociceptive blockade by QX-314.	Isoflurane	41-51	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	79-84
25009603-8	2014	It was found that downregulation of BDNF expression may contribute to the isoflurane-induced cognitive impairment of these rats.	Isoflurane	74-84	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	36-40
25434085-9	2014	Isoflurane preconditioning can reduce the cathepsin L in plasma caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury.	Isoflurane	0-10	cathepsin L	Rattus norvegicus	42-53
24833782-5	2014	Phosphorescence quenching techniques were used to measure Pmv(O2) at rest and during separate bouts of twitch (1 Hz) and tetanic (100 Hz) contractions in gastrocnemius muscles of mice with overexpression of PGC-1alpha and wild-type littermates (WT) mice under isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	260-270	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	207-217
24589481-0	2014	Disruption of hippocampal neuregulin 1-ErbB4 signaling contributes to the hippocampus-dependent cognitive impairment induced by isoflurane in aged mice.	Isoflurane	128-138	neuregulin 1	Mus musculus	26-38
24928515-2	2014	In this study, we used in vitro and in vivo models to explore the role of SPK2-mediated autophagy in isoflurane and hypoxic preconditioning.	Isoflurane	101-111	sphingosine kinase 2	Mus musculus	74-78
24928515-6	2014	Isoflurane also induced autophagy in mouse in vivo as shown by Western blots for LC3 and p62, LC3 immunostaining, and electron microscopy.	Isoflurane	0-10	microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha	Mus musculus	81-84
24928515-6	2014	Isoflurane also induced autophagy in mouse in vivo as shown by Western blots for LC3 and p62, LC3 immunostaining, and electron microscopy.	Isoflurane	0-10	nucleoporin 62	Mus musculus	89-92
24928515-6	2014	Isoflurane also induced autophagy in mouse in vivo as shown by Western blots for LC3 and p62, LC3 immunostaining, and electron microscopy.	Isoflurane	0-10	microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha	Mus musculus	94-97
24928515-7	2014	Isoflurane-induced autophagy in mice lacking the SPK1 isoform (SPK1(-/-)), but not in SPK2(-/-)mice.	Isoflurane	0-10	sphingosine kinase 1	Mus musculus	49-53
24928515-7	2014	Isoflurane-induced autophagy in mice lacking the SPK1 isoform (SPK1(-/-)), but not in SPK2(-/-)mice.	Isoflurane	0-10	sphingosine kinase 1	Mus musculus	63-67
24928515-9	2014	Beclin 1 knockdown abolished preconditioning-induced autophagy, and SPK2 inhibitors abolished isoflurane-induced disruption of the Beclin 1/Bcl-2 association.	Isoflurane	94-104	sphingosine kinase 2	Mus musculus	68-72
24928515-9	2014	Beclin 1 knockdown abolished preconditioning-induced autophagy, and SPK2 inhibitors abolished isoflurane-induced disruption of the Beclin 1/Bcl-2 association.	Isoflurane	94-104	beclin 1, autophagy related	Mus musculus	131-139
24928515-9	2014	Beclin 1 knockdown abolished preconditioning-induced autophagy, and SPK2 inhibitors abolished isoflurane-induced disruption of the Beclin 1/Bcl-2 association.	Isoflurane	94-104	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	140-145
24589481-8	2014	NRG1-beta1 attenuated the isoflurane-induced hippocampus-dependent cognitive impairment and the declines in the hippocampal NRG1, p-ErbB4/ErbB4, parvalbumin, and glutamic acid decarboxylase 67.	Isoflurane	26-36	neuregulin 1	Mus musculus	0-4
24589481-8	2014	NRG1-beta1 attenuated the isoflurane-induced hippocampus-dependent cognitive impairment and the declines in the hippocampal NRG1, p-ErbB4/ErbB4, parvalbumin, and glutamic acid decarboxylase 67.	Isoflurane	26-36	hemoglobin, beta adult major chain	Mus musculus	5-10
24589481-10	2014	CONCLUSION: Disruption of NRG1-ErbB4 signaling in the parvalbumin-positive interneurons might, at least partially, contribute to the isoflurane-induced hippocampus-dependent cognitive impairment after exposure to isoflurane carried by 100% O2 in aged mice.	Isoflurane	133-143	neuregulin 1	Mus musculus	26-30
24589481-10	2014	CONCLUSION: Disruption of NRG1-ErbB4 signaling in the parvalbumin-positive interneurons might, at least partially, contribute to the isoflurane-induced hippocampus-dependent cognitive impairment after exposure to isoflurane carried by 100% O2 in aged mice.	Isoflurane	133-143	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4	Mus musculus	31-36
24589481-10	2014	CONCLUSION: Disruption of NRG1-ErbB4 signaling in the parvalbumin-positive interneurons might, at least partially, contribute to the isoflurane-induced hippocampus-dependent cognitive impairment after exposure to isoflurane carried by 100% O2 in aged mice.	Isoflurane	133-143	parvalbumin	Mus musculus	54-65
24589481-10	2014	CONCLUSION: Disruption of NRG1-ErbB4 signaling in the parvalbumin-positive interneurons might, at least partially, contribute to the isoflurane-induced hippocampus-dependent cognitive impairment after exposure to isoflurane carried by 100% O2 in aged mice.	Isoflurane	213-223	neuregulin 1	Mus musculus	26-30
24589481-10	2014	CONCLUSION: Disruption of NRG1-ErbB4 signaling in the parvalbumin-positive interneurons might, at least partially, contribute to the isoflurane-induced hippocampus-dependent cognitive impairment after exposure to isoflurane carried by 100% O2 in aged mice.	Isoflurane	213-223	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4	Mus musculus	31-36
24589481-10	2014	CONCLUSION: Disruption of NRG1-ErbB4 signaling in the parvalbumin-positive interneurons might, at least partially, contribute to the isoflurane-induced hippocampus-dependent cognitive impairment after exposure to isoflurane carried by 100% O2 in aged mice.	Isoflurane	213-223	parvalbumin	Mus musculus	54-65
24797327-0	2014	Isoflurane unveils a critical role of glutamate transporter type 3 in regulating hippocampal GluR1 trafficking and context-related learning and memory in mice.	Isoflurane	0-10	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA1 (alpha 1)	Mus musculus	93-98
24797327-2	2014	Isoflurane enhances EAAT3 trafficking to the plasma membrane.	Isoflurane	0-10	solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1	Mus musculus	20-25
24797327-3	2014	Thus, we used isoflurane to determine how EAAT3 might regulate learning and memory and the trafficking of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors, such as GluR1, to the plasma membrane, a fundamental biochemical process for learning and memory.	Isoflurane	14-24	solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1	Mus musculus	42-47
24797327-3	2014	Thus, we used isoflurane to determine how EAAT3 might regulate learning and memory and the trafficking of alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors, such as GluR1, to the plasma membrane, a fundamental biochemical process for learning and memory.	Isoflurane	14-24	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA1 (alpha 1)	Mus musculus	182-187
24797327-4	2014	Here, isoflurane increased EAAT3 but did not change GluR1 levels in the plasma membrane of wild-type mouse hippocampus.	Isoflurane	6-16	solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1	Mus musculus	27-32
24797327-5	2014	Isoflurane increased protein phosphatase activity in the wild-type and EAAT3(-/-) mouse hippocampus.	Isoflurane	0-10	solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1	Mus musculus	71-76
24797327-6	2014	Also, isoflurane reduced GluR1 in the plasma membrane and decreased phospho-GluR1 in EAAT3(-/-) mice.	Isoflurane	6-16	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA1 (alpha 1)	Mus musculus	25-30
24797327-6	2014	Also, isoflurane reduced GluR1 in the plasma membrane and decreased phospho-GluR1 in EAAT3(-/-) mice.	Isoflurane	6-16	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA1 (alpha 1)	Mus musculus	76-81
24797327-6	2014	Also, isoflurane reduced GluR1 in the plasma membrane and decreased phospho-GluR1 in EAAT3(-/-) mice.	Isoflurane	6-16	solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1	Mus musculus	85-90
24797327-8	2014	Finally, isoflurane inhibited context-related fear conditioning in EAAT3(-/-) mice but not in wild-type mice.	Isoflurane	9-19	solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1	Mus musculus	67-72
24797327-9	2014	Thus, isoflurane may increase GluR1 trafficking to the plasma membrane via EAAT3 and inhibit GluR1 trafficking via protein phosphatase.	Isoflurane	6-16	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA1 (alpha 1)	Mus musculus	30-35
24797327-9	2014	Thus, isoflurane may increase GluR1 trafficking to the plasma membrane via EAAT3 and inhibit GluR1 trafficking via protein phosphatase.	Isoflurane	6-16	solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1	Mus musculus	75-80
24797327-9	2014	Thus, isoflurane may increase GluR1 trafficking to the plasma membrane via EAAT3 and inhibit GluR1 trafficking via protein phosphatase.	Isoflurane	6-16	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, AMPA1 (alpha 1)	Mus musculus	93-98
24797327-10	2014	Lack of EAAT3 effects leads to decreased GluR1 trafficking and impaired cognition after isoflurane exposure in EAAT3(-/-) mice.	Isoflurane	88-98	solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1	Mus musculus	8-13
24589481-0	2014	Disruption of hippocampal neuregulin 1-ErbB4 signaling contributes to the hippocampus-dependent cognitive impairment induced by isoflurane in aged mice.	Isoflurane	128-138	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4	Mus musculus	39-44
24589481-3	2014	The authors hypothesized that hippocampal NRG1-ErbB4 signaling is involved in isoflurane-induced cognitive impairments in aged mice.	Isoflurane	78-88	neuregulin 1	Mus musculus	42-46
24589481-3	2014	The authors hypothesized that hippocampal NRG1-ErbB4 signaling is involved in isoflurane-induced cognitive impairments in aged mice.	Isoflurane	78-88	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 4	Mus musculus	47-52
24945528-11	2014	Furthermore, isoflurane-induced release of CD73 containing microparticles was significantly attenuated by a selective Rho kinase inhibitor (Y27632).	Isoflurane	13-23	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	43-47
24945528-12	2014	Taken together, we conclude that the volatile anesthetic isoflurane causes Rho kinase-mediated release of endothelial microparticles containing preformed CD73 and increase adenosine generation to protect against endothelial apoptosis and inflammation.	Isoflurane	57-67	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	154-158
24945528-0	2014	The volatile anesthetic isoflurane increases endothelial adenosine generation via microparticle ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) release.	Isoflurane	24-34	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	96-116
24945528-0	2014	The volatile anesthetic isoflurane increases endothelial adenosine generation via microparticle ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) release.	Isoflurane	24-34	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	118-122
24932894-8	2014	RESULTS: Isoflurane significantly increased plasma S100beta levels compared to controls and propofol.	Isoflurane	9-19	S100 protein, beta polypeptide, neural	Mus musculus	51-59
24945528-3	2014	In this study, we tested whether isoflurane induces endothelial ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) and cytoprotective adenosine generation to protect against endothelial cell injury.	Isoflurane	33-43	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	64-84
24945528-3	2014	In this study, we tested whether isoflurane induces endothelial ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) and cytoprotective adenosine generation to protect against endothelial cell injury.	Isoflurane	33-43	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	86-90
24945528-4	2014	Clinically relevant concentrations of isoflurane induced CD73 activity and increased adenosine generation in cultured human umbilical vein or mouse glomerular endothelial cells.	Isoflurane	38-48	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	57-61
24945528-5	2014	Surprisingly, isoflurane-mediated induction of endothelial CD73 activity occurred within 1 hr and without synthesizing new CD73.	Isoflurane	14-24	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	59-63
24945528-6	2014	We determined that isoflurane rapidly increased CD73 containing endothelial microparticles into the cell culture media.	Isoflurane	19-29	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	48-52
24945528-7	2014	Indeed, microparticles isolated from isoflurane-treated endothelial cells had significantly higher CD73 activity as well as increased CD73 protein.	Isoflurane	37-47	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	99-103
24945528-7	2014	Indeed, microparticles isolated from isoflurane-treated endothelial cells had significantly higher CD73 activity as well as increased CD73 protein.	Isoflurane	37-47	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	134-138
24945528-8	2014	In vivo, plasma from mice anesthetized with isoflurane had significantly higher endothelial cell-derived CD144+ CD73+ microparticles and had increased microparticle CD73 activity compared to plasma from pentobarbital-anesthetized mice.	Isoflurane	44-54	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	112-116
24945528-8	2014	In vivo, plasma from mice anesthetized with isoflurane had significantly higher endothelial cell-derived CD144+ CD73+ microparticles and had increased microparticle CD73 activity compared to plasma from pentobarbital-anesthetized mice.	Isoflurane	44-54	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	165-169
24945528-9	2014	Supporting a critical role of CD73 in isoflurane-mediated endothelial protection, a selective CD73 inhibitor (APCP) prevented isoflurane-induced protection against human endothelial cell inflammation and apoptosis.	Isoflurane	38-48	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	30-34
24945528-9	2014	Supporting a critical role of CD73 in isoflurane-mediated endothelial protection, a selective CD73 inhibitor (APCP) prevented isoflurane-induced protection against human endothelial cell inflammation and apoptosis.	Isoflurane	126-136	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	30-34
24945528-9	2014	Supporting a critical role of CD73 in isoflurane-mediated endothelial protection, a selective CD73 inhibitor (APCP) prevented isoflurane-induced protection against human endothelial cell inflammation and apoptosis.	Isoflurane	126-136	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	94-98
24945528-10	2014	In addition, isoflurane activated endothelial cells Rho kinase evidenced by myosin phosphatase target subunit-1 and myosin light chain phosphorylation.	Isoflurane	13-23	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 12A	Mus musculus	76-111
24932894-9	2014	Both isoflurane and propofol significantly increased caspase-3 levels in the cortex and hippocampus, though isoflurane was significantly more potent than propofol.	Isoflurane	5-15	caspase 3	Mus musculus	53-62
24932894-9	2014	Both isoflurane and propofol significantly increased caspase-3 levels in the cortex and hippocampus, though isoflurane was significantly more potent than propofol.	Isoflurane	108-118	caspase 3	Mus musculus	53-62
24932894-12	2014	Isoflurane significantly increased levels of the plasma neurodegenerative biomarker, S100beta.	Isoflurane	0-10	S100 protein, beta polypeptide, neural	Mus musculus	85-93
24680923-0	2014	The volatile anesthetic isoflurane differentially suppresses the induction of erythropoietin synthesis elicited by acute anemia and systemic hypoxemia in mice in an hypoxia-inducible factor-2-dependent manner.	Isoflurane	24-34	erythropoietin	Mus musculus	78-92
24413549-7	2014	Isoflurane significantly increased cytochrome c peroxidase activity, cytochrome c release, the number of activated caspase-3 cells, and TUNEL positive nuclei in the forebrain of air-exposed mice.	Isoflurane	0-10	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	35-47
24680923-7	2014	Plasma EPO concentration was induced as early as 3h following acute anemic and hypoxemic hypoxia and suppressed by clinically relevant doses of isoflurane in a dose-dependent manner.	Isoflurane	144-154	erythropoietin	Mus musculus	7-10
24680923-9	2014	In the kidney, isoflurane inhibited EPO induction caused by anemia but not that caused by hypoxemia.	Isoflurane	15-25	erythropoietin	Mus musculus	36-39
24680923-10	2014	On the other hand, in the brain hypoxemia-induced EPO production was suppressed by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	83-93	erythropoietin	Mus musculus	50-53
24680923-11	2014	Finally, qRT-PCR studies demonstrate that isoflurane differentially inhibit HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha mRNA expression in brain and kidney, indicating the involvement of HIF-2 in the hypoxia-induced EPO expression and inhibition of the induction by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	42-52	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	76-86
24680923-11	2014	Finally, qRT-PCR studies demonstrate that isoflurane differentially inhibit HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha mRNA expression in brain and kidney, indicating the involvement of HIF-2 in the hypoxia-induced EPO expression and inhibition of the induction by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	42-52	endothelial PAS domain protein 1	Mus musculus	91-101
24680923-11	2014	Finally, qRT-PCR studies demonstrate that isoflurane differentially inhibit HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha mRNA expression in brain and kidney, indicating the involvement of HIF-2 in the hypoxia-induced EPO expression and inhibition of the induction by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	42-52	erythropoietin	Mus musculus	198-201
24680923-11	2014	Finally, qRT-PCR studies demonstrate that isoflurane differentially inhibit HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha mRNA expression in brain and kidney, indicating the involvement of HIF-2 in the hypoxia-induced EPO expression and inhibition of the induction by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	248-258	erythropoietin	Mus musculus	198-201
25016511-5	2014	Inhalational anesthetics such as isoflurane have been demonstrated to confer cytoprotection in a HIF-1-dependent manner in various vital organs.	Isoflurane	33-43	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	97-102
24413549-8	2014	CO, however, abrogated isoflurane-induced cytochrome c peroxidase activation and cytochrome c release from forebrain mitochondria and decreased the number of activated caspase-3 positive cells and TUNEL positive nuclei after simultaneous exposure with isoflurane.	Isoflurane	23-33	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	168-177
24413549-9	2014	CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, the data indicate that CO can limit apoptosis after isoflurane exposure via inhibition of cytochrome c peroxidase depending on concentration.	Isoflurane	81-91	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	119-131
24413549-7	2014	Isoflurane significantly increased cytochrome c peroxidase activity, cytochrome c release, the number of activated caspase-3 cells, and TUNEL positive nuclei in the forebrain of air-exposed mice.	Isoflurane	0-10	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	69-81
24413549-7	2014	Isoflurane significantly increased cytochrome c peroxidase activity, cytochrome c release, the number of activated caspase-3 cells, and TUNEL positive nuclei in the forebrain of air-exposed mice.	Isoflurane	0-10	caspase 3	Mus musculus	115-124
24413549-8	2014	CO, however, abrogated isoflurane-induced cytochrome c peroxidase activation and cytochrome c release from forebrain mitochondria and decreased the number of activated caspase-3 positive cells and TUNEL positive nuclei after simultaneous exposure with isoflurane.	Isoflurane	23-33	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	42-54
24413549-8	2014	CO, however, abrogated isoflurane-induced cytochrome c peroxidase activation and cytochrome c release from forebrain mitochondria and decreased the number of activated caspase-3 positive cells and TUNEL positive nuclei after simultaneous exposure with isoflurane.	Isoflurane	23-33	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	81-93
24674838-8	2014	Preconditioning with volatile isoflurane also significantly suppressed the tissue myeloperoxidase activity and expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase.	Isoflurane	30-40	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	82-97
24674838-9	2014	Immunostaining confirmed that myeloperoxidase expression was most significantly attenuated in the glomerulus and peritubular capillaries of rats pre-exposed to isoflurane.	Isoflurane	160-170	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	30-45
24884817-11	2014	Short isoflurane anesthesia had significant impact on G-CSF, but none of the other cytokines.	Isoflurane	6-16	peripheral blood stem cell response to granulocyte colony stimulating factor 1	Mus musculus	54-59
24801074-0	2014	Stereoselectivity of isoflurane in adhesion molecule leukocyte function-associated antigen-1.	Isoflurane	21-31	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	53-92
24801074-3	2014	The X-ray crystallographic structure of the immunological target, leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) with racemic isoflurane suggested that only S-isoflurane bound specifically to this protein.	Isoflurane	127-137	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	66-105
24801074-3	2014	The X-ray crystallographic structure of the immunological target, leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) with racemic isoflurane suggested that only S-isoflurane bound specifically to this protein.	Isoflurane	127-137	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	107-112
24801074-3	2014	The X-ray crystallographic structure of the immunological target, leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) with racemic isoflurane suggested that only S-isoflurane bound specifically to this protein.	Isoflurane	158-170	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	66-105
24801074-3	2014	The X-ray crystallographic structure of the immunological target, leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) with racemic isoflurane suggested that only S-isoflurane bound specifically to this protein.	Isoflurane	158-170	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	107-112
24055498-0	2014	Inhibition of aberrant cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activity attenuates isoflurane neurotoxicity in the developing brain.	Isoflurane	69-79	cyclin-dependent kinase 5	Rattus norvegicus	23-48
24661914-4	2014	Previous studies have proven that isoflurane alters hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) expression, which may affect the TJ proteins; however, the mechanism of how TJ proteins are affected by isoflurane is still unclear.	Isoflurane	34-44	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	52-83
24661914-4	2014	Previous studies have proven that isoflurane alters hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) expression, which may affect the TJ proteins; however, the mechanism of how TJ proteins are affected by isoflurane is still unclear.	Isoflurane	34-44	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	85-95
24661914-4	2014	Previous studies have proven that isoflurane alters hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha) expression, which may affect the TJ proteins; however, the mechanism of how TJ proteins are affected by isoflurane is still unclear.	Isoflurane	201-211	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	85-95
24661914-7	2014	Isoflurane treatment induced a time- and concentration-dependent decrease in occludin mRNA and protein levels in HBVEC.	Isoflurane	0-10	occludin	Homo sapiens	77-85
24661914-9	2014	Isoflurane could activate HIF-1alpha, and the overexpression HIF-1alpha up-regulated the level of VEGF and TGF-beta3, VEGF decreased the expression of occludin and TGF-beta3 accelerated the endocytosis of occludin.	Isoflurane	0-10	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	26-36
24661914-9	2014	Isoflurane could activate HIF-1alpha, and the overexpression HIF-1alpha up-regulated the level of VEGF and TGF-beta3, VEGF decreased the expression of occludin and TGF-beta3 accelerated the endocytosis of occludin.	Isoflurane	0-10	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	118-122
24661914-9	2014	Isoflurane could activate HIF-1alpha, and the overexpression HIF-1alpha up-regulated the level of VEGF and TGF-beta3, VEGF decreased the expression of occludin and TGF-beta3 accelerated the endocytosis of occludin.	Isoflurane	0-10	occludin	Homo sapiens	151-159
24661914-9	2014	Isoflurane could activate HIF-1alpha, and the overexpression HIF-1alpha up-regulated the level of VEGF and TGF-beta3, VEGF decreased the expression of occludin and TGF-beta3 accelerated the endocytosis of occludin.	Isoflurane	0-10	transforming growth factor beta 3	Homo sapiens	164-173
24661914-9	2014	Isoflurane could activate HIF-1alpha, and the overexpression HIF-1alpha up-regulated the level of VEGF and TGF-beta3, VEGF decreased the expression of occludin and TGF-beta3 accelerated the endocytosis of occludin.	Isoflurane	0-10	occludin	Homo sapiens	205-213
24661914-10	2014	RNA interference targeting HIF-1alpha reduced both VEGF and TGF-beta3 expression after isoflurane treatment.	Isoflurane	87-97	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	27-37
24661914-10	2014	RNA interference targeting HIF-1alpha reduced both VEGF and TGF-beta3 expression after isoflurane treatment.	Isoflurane	87-97	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	51-55
24661914-11	2014	CONCLUSION: This study provides direct evidence in vitro that exposing isoflurane to HBVECs can trigger HIF-1alpha activation, leading to lower protein levels of occludin, and increased permeability of the BBB.	Isoflurane	71-81	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	104-114
24661914-11	2014	CONCLUSION: This study provides direct evidence in vitro that exposing isoflurane to HBVECs can trigger HIF-1alpha activation, leading to lower protein levels of occludin, and increased permeability of the BBB.	Isoflurane	71-81	occludin	Homo sapiens	162-170
24743508-0	2014	Dexmedetomidine reduces isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis partly by preserving PI3K/Akt pathway in the hippocampus of neonatal rats.	Isoflurane	24-34	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	84-87
24743508-5	2014	Seven-day-old (P7) neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly exposed to 0.75% isoflurane, 1.2% sevoflurane or air for 6 h. Activated caspase-3 was detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.	Isoflurane	79-89	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	134-143
24743508-9	2014	Isoflurane, not sevoflurane at the equivalent dose, induced significant neuroapoptosis, decreased the levels of phospho-Akt and phospho-Bad proteins, increased the expression of Bad protein and reduced the ratio of Bcl-xL/Bad in the hippocampus.	Isoflurane	0-10	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	120-123
24743508-9	2014	Isoflurane, not sevoflurane at the equivalent dose, induced significant neuroapoptosis, decreased the levels of phospho-Akt and phospho-Bad proteins, increased the expression of Bad protein and reduced the ratio of Bcl-xL/Bad in the hippocampus.	Isoflurane	0-10	Bcl2-like 1	Rattus norvegicus	215-221
24743508-10	2014	Dexmedetomidine pretreatment dose-dependently inhibited isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis and restored protein expression of phospho-Akt and Bad as well as the Bcl-xL/Bad ratio induced by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	56-66	Bcl2-like 1	Rattus norvegicus	160-166
24743508-10	2014	Dexmedetomidine pretreatment dose-dependently inhibited isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis and restored protein expression of phospho-Akt and Bad as well as the Bcl-xL/Bad ratio induced by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	188-198	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	133-136
24743508-10	2014	Dexmedetomidine pretreatment dose-dependently inhibited isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis and restored protein expression of phospho-Akt and Bad as well as the Bcl-xL/Bad ratio induced by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	188-198	Bcl2-like 1	Rattus norvegicus	160-166
24743508-13	2014	Our results suggest that dexmedetomidine pretreatment provides neuroprotection against isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis in the hippocampus of neonatal rats by preserving PI3K/Akt pathway activity.	Isoflurane	87-97	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	176-179
24667295-8	2014	RESULTS: In cardiomyocytes, preconditioning with isoflurane resulted in a significantly elevated secretion of MIF that followed a biphasic behavior (30 min vs. baseline: p = 0.020; 24 h vs. baseline p = 0.000).	Isoflurane	49-59	macrophage migration inhibitory factor	Rattus norvegicus	110-113
24612850-9	2014	Finally, isoflurane attenuated the onset of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) occurred during hypoxia/reoxygenation, and in turn inhibited activation of caspase-3.	Isoflurane	9-19	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	169-178
24594704-9	2014	The anesthetic isoflurane induced marked insulin resistance, whereas lipid emulsion induced mild insulin resistance.	Isoflurane	15-25	insulin	Mustela putorius furo	41-48
24564307-0	2014	Effects of acetylcholinesterase inhibition on quality of recovery from isoflurane-induced anesthesia in horses.	Isoflurane	71-81	acetylcholinesterase	Equus caballus	11-31
24564307-1	2014	OBJECTIVE: To compare effects of 2 acetylcholinesterase inhibitors on recovery quality of horses anesthetized with isoflurane.	Isoflurane	115-125	acetylcholinesterase	Equus caballus	35-55
24197755-10	2014	The inhibition of notch signaling activity by DAPT significantly attenuated the isoflurane preconditioning-induced neuroprotection, and similar results were obtained using notch knockout mice.	Isoflurane	80-90	notch 1	Mus musculus	18-23
24197755-11	2014	Our results demonstrate that the neuroprotective effects of isoflurane preconditioning are mediated by the pre-activation of the notch signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	60-70	notch 1	Mus musculus	129-134
24661914-0	2014	Isoflurane inhibits occludin expression via up-regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha.	Isoflurane	0-10	occludin	Homo sapiens	20-28
24661914-0	2014	Isoflurane inhibits occludin expression via up-regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha.	Isoflurane	0-10	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	61-92
24961763-3	2014	Isoflurane has been shown to induce elevation of cytosol calcium levels, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, reduction in mitochondria membrane potential, and release of cytochrome c.	Isoflurane	0-10	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	240-252
24197755-2	2014	This study evaluated whether the neuroprotective effect of isoflurane preconditioning is mediated by the activation of the notch signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	59-69	notch 1	Mus musculus	123-128
24084689-8	2014	Isoflurane significantly inhibited both brain injury (P&lt;0.001, respectively) and inflammation (myeloperoxidase, P=0.022; interleukin-1beta, P=0.002; TNF-alpha, P=0.015; P-selectin, P=0.010; ICAM-1, P=0.016; p-JNK, P&lt;0.001; cyclooxygenase-2, P=0.003, respectively).	Isoflurane	0-10	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	98-113
24084689-8	2014	Isoflurane significantly inhibited both brain injury (P&lt;0.001, respectively) and inflammation (myeloperoxidase, P=0.022; interleukin-1beta, P=0.002; TNF-alpha, P=0.015; P-selectin, P=0.010; ICAM-1, P=0.016; p-JNK, P&lt;0.001; cyclooxygenase-2, P=0.003, respectively).	Isoflurane	0-10	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	124-141
24084689-8	2014	Isoflurane significantly inhibited both brain injury (P&lt;0.001, respectively) and inflammation (myeloperoxidase, P=0.022; interleukin-1beta, P=0.002; TNF-alpha, P=0.015; P-selectin, P=0.010; ICAM-1, P=0.016; p-JNK, P&lt;0.001; cyclooxygenase-2, P=0.003, respectively).	Isoflurane	0-10	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	152-161
24084689-8	2014	Isoflurane significantly inhibited both brain injury (P&lt;0.001, respectively) and inflammation (myeloperoxidase, P=0.022; interleukin-1beta, P=0.002; TNF-alpha, P=0.015; P-selectin, P=0.010; ICAM-1, P=0.016; p-JNK, P&lt;0.001; cyclooxygenase-2, P=0.003, respectively).	Isoflurane	0-10	selectin, platelet	Mus musculus	172-182
24084689-8	2014	Isoflurane significantly inhibited both brain injury (P&lt;0.001, respectively) and inflammation (myeloperoxidase, P=0.022; interleukin-1beta, P=0.002; TNF-alpha, P=0.015; P-selectin, P=0.010; ICAM-1, P=0.016; p-JNK, P&lt;0.001; cyclooxygenase-2, P=0.003, respectively).	Isoflurane	0-10	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	193-199
24084689-8	2014	Isoflurane significantly inhibited both brain injury (P&lt;0.001, respectively) and inflammation (myeloperoxidase, P=0.022; interleukin-1beta, P=0.002; TNF-alpha, P=0.015; P-selectin, P=0.010; ICAM-1, P=0.016; p-JNK, P&lt;0.001; cyclooxygenase-2, P=0.003, respectively).	Isoflurane	0-10	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	229-245
24055498-3	2014	The present study was designed to examine whether and how CDK5 activity plays a role in developmental isoflurane neurotoxicity.	Isoflurane	102-112	cyclin-dependent kinase 5	Rattus norvegicus	58-62
24055498-4	2014	Rat pups and hippocampal neuronal cultures were exposed to 1.5% isoflurane for 4 h. The protein and mRNA levels of CDK5, p35 and p25 were detected by western blot and QReal-Time PCR.	Isoflurane	64-74	cyclin-dependent kinase 5	Rattus norvegicus	115-119
24055498-10	2014	We found that isoflurane treatment led to an aberrant CDK5 activation due to its activator p25 that was cleaved from p35 by calpain.	Isoflurane	14-24	cyclin-dependent kinase 5	Rattus norvegicus	54-58
24055498-10	2014	We found that isoflurane treatment led to an aberrant CDK5 activation due to its activator p25 that was cleaved from p35 by calpain.	Isoflurane	14-24	lipocalin 2	Rattus norvegicus	91-94
24055498-10	2014	We found that isoflurane treatment led to an aberrant CDK5 activation due to its activator p25 that was cleaved from p35 by calpain.	Isoflurane	14-24	cyclin-dependent kinase 5 regulatory subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	117-120
24055498-12	2014	In addition, isoflurane exposure resulted in a decrease of MEF2 and increase of phospho-MEF2A-Ser-408, which were rescued by Roscovitine or Dominant-Negative CDK5 transfection.	Isoflurane	13-23	myocyte enhancer factor 2a	Rattus norvegicus	88-93
24055498-12	2014	In addition, isoflurane exposure resulted in a decrease of MEF2 and increase of phospho-MEF2A-Ser-408, which were rescued by Roscovitine or Dominant-Negative CDK5 transfection.	Isoflurane	13-23	cyclin-dependent kinase 5	Rattus norvegicus	158-162
24055498-13	2014	Dominant-Negative CDK5 transfection also decreased the percentage of TUNEL-positive cells in isoflurane neurotoxicity.	Isoflurane	93-103	cyclin-dependent kinase 5	Rattus norvegicus	18-22
24055498-15	2014	These results indicated that aberrant CDK5 activity-dependent MEF2 phosphorylation mediates developmental isoflurane neurotoxicity.	Isoflurane	106-116	cyclin-dependent kinase 5	Rattus norvegicus	38-42
24055498-16	2014	Inhibition of CDK5 overactivation contributes to the relief of isoflurane neurotoxicity in the developing brain.	Isoflurane	63-73	cyclin-dependent kinase 5	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
24063524-4	2014	In this study, we demonstrate that SDS and DDM occupy anesthetic binding sites in the model proteins human serum albumin (HSA) and horse spleen apoferritin and thereby inhibit the binding of the general anesthetics propofol and isoflurane.	Isoflurane	228-238	albumin	Equus caballus	107-126
25088045-7	2014	Pretreatment with isoflurane suppressed renal NF-kappaB activation, leading to a reduction in proinflammatory molecules (high-mobility group box 1, interleukin-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) both in the kidneys and circulation.	Isoflurane	18-28	high mobility group box 1	Rattus norvegicus	121-146
25088045-7	2014	Pretreatment with isoflurane suppressed renal NF-kappaB activation, leading to a reduction in proinflammatory molecules (high-mobility group box 1, interleukin-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) both in the kidneys and circulation.	Isoflurane	18-28	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	148-165
25088045-7	2014	Pretreatment with isoflurane suppressed renal NF-kappaB activation, leading to a reduction in proinflammatory molecules (high-mobility group box 1, interleukin-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha) both in the kidneys and circulation.	Isoflurane	18-28	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	171-198
25088045-8	2014	In addition, rats subjected to isoflurane preconditioning had a higher Bcl-2/Bax ratio and less cleaved caspase-3.	Isoflurane	31-41	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	71-76
25088045-8	2014	In addition, rats subjected to isoflurane preconditioning had a higher Bcl-2/Bax ratio and less cleaved caspase-3.	Isoflurane	31-41	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	77-80
24523673-0	2014	Different effects of anesthetic isoflurane on caspase-3 activation and cytosol cytochrome c levels between mice neural progenitor cells and neurons.	Isoflurane	32-42	caspase 3	Mus musculus	46-55
24523673-1	2014	Commonly used anesthetic isoflurane has been reported to promote Alzheimer"s disease (AD) neuropathogenesis by inducing caspase-3 activation.	Isoflurane	25-35	caspase 3	Mus musculus	120-129
24523673-3	2014	Specifically, there is a lack of a good model/system to elucidate the underlying mechanism of the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation.	Isoflurane	98-108	caspase 3	Mus musculus	117-126
24523673-4	2014	We therefore set out to assess and compare the effects of isoflurane on caspase-3 activation in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and in primary neurons from wild-type (WT) and AD transgenic (Tg) mice.	Isoflurane	58-68	caspase 3	Mus musculus	72-81
24523673-6	2014	Here we showed for the first time that the isoflurane treatment induced caspase-3 activation in neurons, but not in NPCs, from either WT or AD Tg mice.	Isoflurane	43-53	caspase 3	Mus musculus	72-81
24523673-7	2014	Consistently, the isoflurane treatment increased cytosol levels of cytochrome c, a potential up-stream mechanism of isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation in the mice neurons, but not NPCs.	Isoflurane	18-28	caspase 3	Mus musculus	135-144
24523673-7	2014	Consistently, the isoflurane treatment increased cytosol levels of cytochrome c, a potential up-stream mechanism of isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation in the mice neurons, but not NPCs.	Isoflurane	116-126	caspase 3	Mus musculus	135-144
24523673-9	2014	These data demonstrated that investigation and comparison of isoflurane"s effects between mice NPCs and neurons would serve as a model/system to determine the underlying mechanism by which isoflurane induces caspase-3 activation.	Isoflurane	61-71	caspase 3	Mus musculus	208-217
24523673-9	2014	These data demonstrated that investigation and comparison of isoflurane"s effects between mice NPCs and neurons would serve as a model/system to determine the underlying mechanism by which isoflurane induces caspase-3 activation.	Isoflurane	189-199	caspase 3	Mus musculus	208-217
24938773-0	2014	Inhibition of brain ischemia-caused notch activation in microglia may contribute to isoflurane postconditioning-induced neuroprotection in male rats.	Isoflurane	84-94	notch receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-41
24938773-4	2014	We determined whether this isoflurane postconditioning-induced neuroprotection requires inhibition of brain ischemia-induced Notch signaling activation.	Isoflurane	27-37	notch receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	125-130
24938773-7	2014	Isoflurane postconditioning and the Notch inhibitor also inhibited brain ischemia-induced Notch activation and proinflammatory cytokine production.	Isoflurane	0-10	notch receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	90-95
24938773-9	2014	Isoflurane postconditioning and the Notch inhibitor inhibited 1 ng/ml lipopolysaccharide- and oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced Notch activation and proinflammatory cytokine production from microglial cultures.	Isoflurane	0-10	notch receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	129-134
24938773-12	2014	Inhibiting this Notch activation may participate in isoflurane postconditioning-induced neuroprotection against transient focal brain ischemia in male rats.	Isoflurane	52-62	notch receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	16-21
24063524-4	2014	In this study, we demonstrate that SDS and DDM occupy anesthetic binding sites in the model proteins human serum albumin (HSA) and horse spleen apoferritin and thereby inhibit the binding of the general anesthetics propofol and isoflurane.	Isoflurane	228-238	ferritin heavy chain	Equus caballus	144-155
24037316-0	2013	Critical role of interleukin-11 in isoflurane-mediated protection against ischemic acute kidney injury in mice.	Isoflurane	35-45	interleukin 11	Mus musculus	17-31
24290657-0	2014	Tau hyperphosphorylation: a downstream effector of isoflurane-induced neuroinflammation in aged rodents.	Isoflurane	51-61	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	0-3
24290657-7	2014	It is unknown whether isoflurane-induced neuroinflammatory cytokines can trigger tau hyperphosphorylation.	Isoflurane	22-32	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	81-84
24290657-8	2014	Taken together, we hypothesize that tau hyperphosphorylation is a downstream target of isoflurane-induced neuroinflammatory response and thus bridges the isoflurane-induced relatively transient neuroinflammatory process to the long-term cognitive impairment.	Isoflurane	87-97	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	36-39
24290657-8	2014	Taken together, we hypothesize that tau hyperphosphorylation is a downstream target of isoflurane-induced neuroinflammatory response and thus bridges the isoflurane-induced relatively transient neuroinflammatory process to the long-term cognitive impairment.	Isoflurane	154-164	microtubule associated protein tau	Homo sapiens	36-39
25147596-0	2014	Subanesthetic isoflurane reduces zymosan-induced inflammation in murine Kupffer cells by inhibiting ROS-activated p38 MAPK/NF-kappaB signaling.	Isoflurane	14-24	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	114-122
25147596-5	2014	ISO also reduced the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, IL-6, high-mobility group box-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 as assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.	Isoflurane	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	35-62
25147596-5	2014	ISO also reduced the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, IL-6, high-mobility group box-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 as assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.	Isoflurane	0-3	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	64-81
25147596-5	2014	ISO also reduced the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, IL-6, high-mobility group box-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 as assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.	Isoflurane	0-3	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	83-87
25147596-5	2014	ISO also reduced the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, IL-6, high-mobility group box-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 as assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.	Isoflurane	0-3	high mobility group box 1	Mus musculus	89-114
25147596-5	2014	ISO also reduced the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, IL-6, high-mobility group box-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 as assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.	Isoflurane	0-3	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 3	Mus musculus	116-154
25147596-5	2014	ISO also reduced the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, IL-6, high-mobility group box-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 as assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.	Isoflurane	0-3	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	156-189
25147596-5	2014	ISO also reduced the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, IL-6, high-mobility group box-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 as assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.	Isoflurane	0-3	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	195-229
22918033-5	2013	Therefore, in this mini review, we focus on the recent research investigating the effects of commonly used anesthetics including isoflurane, sevoflurane, desflurane, nitrous oxide, and propofol, on Abeta accumulation in vitro and in vivo.	Isoflurane	129-139	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	198-203
24194515-3	2013	Here we show that in contrast to the alpha7 nAChR, the alpha7beta2 nAChR is highly susceptible to inhibition by the volatile anesthetic isoflurane in electrophysiology measurements.	Isoflurane	136-146	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	67-72
24194515-4	2013	Isoflurane-binding sites in beta2 and alpha7 were found at the extracellular and intracellular end of their respective transmembrane domains using NMR.	Isoflurane	0-10	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	28-33
24194515-6	2013	Consistent with their functional responses to isoflurane, beta2 but not alpha7 showed pronounced dynamics changes, particularly for the channel gate residue Leu-249(9").	Isoflurane	46-56	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	58-63
24349401-9	2013	In the mouse experiments, LPS was injected intraperitoneally, and isoflurane suppressed IL-1beta in the brain and adrenocorticotropic hormone in plasma, but not IL-1beta in plasma.	Isoflurane	66-76	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	26-29
24349401-9	2013	In the mouse experiments, LPS was injected intraperitoneally, and isoflurane suppressed IL-1beta in the brain and adrenocorticotropic hormone in plasma, but not IL-1beta in plasma.	Isoflurane	66-76	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	88-96
24037316-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Isoflurane releases renal tubular transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and protects against ischemic acute kidney injury.	Isoflurane	12-22	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	80-89
24037316-3	2013	In this study, the authors tested the hypothesis that isoflurane protects against ischemic acute kidney injury by direct induction of renal tubular IL-11 synthesis.	Isoflurane	54-64	interleukin 11	Mus musculus	148-153
24037316-5	2013	RESULTS: Isoflurane increased IL-11 synthesis in human (approximately 300-500% increase, N = 6) and mouse (23 +- 4 [mean +- SD] fold over carrier gas group, N = 4) proximal tubule cells that were attenuated by a TGF-beta1-neutralizing antibody.	Isoflurane	9-19	interleukin 11	Homo sapiens	30-35
24037316-5	2013	RESULTS: Isoflurane increased IL-11 synthesis in human (approximately 300-500% increase, N = 6) and mouse (23 +- 4 [mean +- SD] fold over carrier gas group, N = 4) proximal tubule cells that were attenuated by a TGF-beta1-neutralizing antibody.	Isoflurane	9-19	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	212-221
24037316-6	2013	Mice anesthetized with isoflurane showed significantly increased kidney IL-11 messenger RNA (13.8 +- 2 fold over carrier gas group, N = 4) and protein (31 +- 9 vs. 18 +- 2 pg/mg protein or approximately 80% increase, N = 4) expression compared with pentobarbital-anesthetized mice, and this increase was also attenuated by a TGF-beta1-neutralizing antibody.	Isoflurane	23-33	interleukin 11	Mus musculus	72-77
24037316-6	2013	Mice anesthetized with isoflurane showed significantly increased kidney IL-11 messenger RNA (13.8 +- 2 fold over carrier gas group, N = 4) and protein (31 +- 9 vs. 18 +- 2 pg/mg protein or approximately 80% increase, N = 4) expression compared with pentobarbital-anesthetized mice, and this increase was also attenuated by a TGF-beta1-neutralizing antibody.	Isoflurane	23-33	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	325-334
24037316-7	2013	Furthermore, isoflurane-mediated renal protection in IL-11R wild-type mice was absent in IL-11R-deficient mice or in IL-11R wild-type mice treated with IL-11-neutralizing antibody (N = 4-6).	Isoflurane	13-23	interleukin 11	Mus musculus	53-58
24037316-8	2013	CONCLUSION: In this study, the authors suggest that isoflurane induces renal tubular IL-11 via TGF-beta1 signaling to protect against ischemic acute kidney injury.	Isoflurane	52-62	interleukin 11	Mus musculus	85-90
24037316-8	2013	CONCLUSION: In this study, the authors suggest that isoflurane induces renal tubular IL-11 via TGF-beta1 signaling to protect against ischemic acute kidney injury.	Isoflurane	52-62	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	95-104
23994690-0	2013	Isoflurane post-conditioning protects primary cultures of cortical neurons against oxygen and glucose deprivation injury via upregulation of Slit2/Robo1.	Isoflurane	0-10	slit guidance ligand 2	Homo sapiens	141-146
24149004-1	2013	BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: This study investigated whether isoflurane ameliorates neurological sequelae after germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) through activation of the cytoprotective sphingosine kinase/sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor/Akt pathway.	Isoflurane	56-66	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	233-236
24149004-5	2013	RESULTS: Brain protein expression of sphingosine kinase-1 and phosphorylated Akt were significantly increased after isoflurane post-treatment, and cleaved caspase-3 was decreased at 24 hours after surgery, which was reversed by the antagonists.	Isoflurane	116-126	sphingosine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	37-80
24149004-7	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane post-treatment improved the neurological sequelae after GMH possibly by activation of the sphingosine kinase/Akt pathway.	Isoflurane	13-23	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	133-136
23994690-0	2013	Isoflurane post-conditioning protects primary cultures of cortical neurons against oxygen and glucose deprivation injury via upregulation of Slit2/Robo1.	Isoflurane	0-10	roundabout guidance receptor 1	Homo sapiens	147-152
23994690-3	2013	We hypothesized that isoflurane increases the expression of Slit and its receptor Robo when cortical neurons are exposed to OGD/R.	Isoflurane	21-31	roundabout guidance receptor 1	Homo sapiens	82-86
23994690-7	2013	Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis showed that the expression levels of Slit2 and Robo1, but not Robo4, were increased after OGD/R (P&lt;0.5) and increased even further by isoflurane post-conditioning (P&lt;0.01).	Isoflurane	177-187	slit guidance ligand 2	Homo sapiens	77-82
23994690-7	2013	Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis showed that the expression levels of Slit2 and Robo1, but not Robo4, were increased after OGD/R (P&lt;0.5) and increased even further by isoflurane post-conditioning (P&lt;0.01).	Isoflurane	177-187	roundabout guidance receptor 1	Homo sapiens	87-92
23994690-8	2013	Our results suggest that isoflurane post-conditioning markedly attenuates apoptosis and necrosis of cortical neurons exposed to OGD/R possibly in part via elevation of Slit2 and Robo1 expression.	Isoflurane	25-35	slit guidance ligand 2	Homo sapiens	168-173
23994690-8	2013	Our results suggest that isoflurane post-conditioning markedly attenuates apoptosis and necrosis of cortical neurons exposed to OGD/R possibly in part via elevation of Slit2 and Robo1 expression.	Isoflurane	25-35	roundabout guidance receptor 1	Homo sapiens	178-183
23621786-12	2013	Although plasma melatonin levels and MT2 expression in the hippocampus were significantly decreased, MT1 expression was higher in the isoflurane group than in the control group (p &lt; 0.001).	Isoflurane	134-144	metallothionein 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-104
24011619-0	2013	Volatile anesthetic isoflurane inhibits LTP induction of hippocampal CA1 neurons through alpha4beta2 nAChR subtype-mediated mechanisms.	Isoflurane	20-30	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	69-72
24011619-0	2013	Volatile anesthetic isoflurane inhibits LTP induction of hippocampal CA1 neurons through alpha4beta2 nAChR subtype-mediated mechanisms.	Isoflurane	20-30	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	101-106
24011619-4	2013	Therefore, we hypothesized that isoflurane-inhibited LTP induction of hippocampal CA1 neurons via alpha4beta2 nAChRs subtype inhibition.	Isoflurane	32-42	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-85
23621786-14	2013	Isoflurane may induce cognitive dysfunction by influencing melatonin and MT1/MT2 levels.	Isoflurane	0-10	metallothionein 1	Rattus norvegicus	73-80
23922164-0	2013	Resveratrol mitigates isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis by inhibiting the activation of the Akt-regulated mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	22-32	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	92-95
23793449-6	2013	RESULTS: The pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 was increased in the isoflurane group at T2 and T3 compared to T1 (P &lt; 0.01).	Isoflurane	65-75	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	39-43
23922164-3	2013	In this study, we treated neuronal cells with isoflurane for 6 h. We found that isoflurane induced the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores, increased the levels of reactive oxygen species and the activation of caspase-3, and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and the intracellular calcium ion concentration.	Isoflurane	46-56	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	229-238
23922164-3	2013	In this study, we treated neuronal cells with isoflurane for 6 h. We found that isoflurane induced the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores, increased the levels of reactive oxygen species and the activation of caspase-3, and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential and the intracellular calcium ion concentration.	Isoflurane	80-90	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	229-238
23922164-7	2013	The data from the present study demonstrate that RESV effectively protects neuronal cells from isoflurane-induced cytotoxicity by activating the Akt signaling pathway.	Isoflurane	95-105	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	145-148
23896531-0	2013	Isoflurane inhibits bronchopulmonary C-fiber-mediated apneic response to phenylbiguanide by depressing 5-HT3 receptor function in anesthetized rats.	Isoflurane	0-10	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Rattus norvegicus	103-117
23896531-3	2013	In anesthetized and spontaneously breathing rats, inhalation of 5% ISO markedly inhibited the apneic response to intra-atrium injection of phenylbiguanide (PBG, 25 mug/kg), a 5-HT3 receptor agonist, which was contrary to the hypothesis.	Isoflurane	67-70	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 3A	Rattus norvegicus	175-189
23774231-4	2013	METHODS: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC4) cells were exposed to isoflurane for 2 h at various concentrations (0.5-2%).	Isoflurane	59-69	solute carrier family 49 member 4	Homo sapiens	31-35
23933318-0	2013	Activation of the canonical nuclear factor-kappaB pathway is involved in isoflurane-induced hippocampal interleukin-1beta elevation and the resultant cognitive deficits in aged rats.	Isoflurane	73-83	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	104-121
23933318-3	2013	After a 4-h exposure to 1.5% isoflurane in 20-month-old rats, increases in IkappaB kinase and IkappaB phosphorylation, as well as a reduction in the NF-kappaB inhibitory protein (IkappaBalpha), were observed in the hippocampi of isoflurane-exposed rats compared with control rats.	Isoflurane	29-39	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	179-191
23933318-4	2013	These events were accompanied by an increase in NF-kappaB p65 nuclear translocation at 6h after isoflurane exposure and hippocampal IL-1beta elevation from 1 to 6h after isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	96-106	synaptotagmin 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
23933318-4	2013	These events were accompanied by an increase in NF-kappaB p65 nuclear translocation at 6h after isoflurane exposure and hippocampal IL-1beta elevation from 1 to 6h after isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	170-180	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	132-140
23933318-7	2013	Overall, our results demonstrate that isoflurane-induced cognitive deficits may stem from upregulation of hippocampal IL-1beta, partially via activation of the canonical NF-kappaB pathway, in aged rats.	Isoflurane	38-48	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	118-126
23774231-7	2013	RESULTS: Isoflurane up-regulated levels of HIF-1alpha and HIF-2alpha and intensified expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A.	Isoflurane	9-19	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	99-135
23827345-11	2013	Isoflurane increased phospho-Akt, a survival-promoting protein, in the wild-type mice but not in the EAAT3 knockout mice.	Isoflurane	0-10	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	29-32
23827345-12	2013	The isoflurane-induced neuroprotection in the wild-type mice was abolished by LY294004, an Akt activation inhibitor.	Isoflurane	4-14	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	91-94
23827345-14	2013	These results suggest that the isoflurane preconditioning-induced acute phase of neuroprotection involves EAAT3.	Isoflurane	31-41	solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1	Mus musculus	106-111
23919323-0	2013	Isoflurane post-treatment improves pulmonary vascular permeability via upregulation of heme oxygenase-1.	Isoflurane	0-10	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-103
23919323-9	2013	Furthermore, isoflurane decreased iNOS and increased HO-1 expression in lung tissue.	Isoflurane	13-23	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
23919323-9	2013	Furthermore, isoflurane decreased iNOS and increased HO-1 expression in lung tissue.	Isoflurane	13-23	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-57
23919323-11	2013	These findings indicate that the protective role of isoflurane post-conditioning against CLP-induced lung injury may be associated with its role in upregulating HO-1 in ALI.	Isoflurane	52-62	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	161-165
23708866-9	2013	However, 2 minimum alveolar concentration isoflurane + nitrous oxide reduced neurokinin 1 receptor internalization (27 +- 3%; P &lt; 0.05; n = 5).	Isoflurane	42-52	tachykinin receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	77-98
23619170-8	2013	Pretreatment with bumetanide, however, diminished isoflurane-induced activation of caspase-3 in the cerebral cortex (F(2,8) = 22.869; P = 0.002) and prevented impairment in sensorimotor gating function (F(2,36) = 5.978; P = 0.006).	Isoflurane	50-60	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	83-92
23840592-7	2013	The use of isoflurane displayed a non-specific effect of VNS characterized by a decrease of most splenic lymphocytes sub-populations studied, and also led to a significantly lower TNF-alpha secretion by splenocytes.	Isoflurane	11-21	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	180-189
23904373-0	2013	Role of GSK-3beta in isoflurane-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction in aged rats.	Isoflurane	21-31	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	8-17
23904373-1	2013	This study investigated the role of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) in isoflurane-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction in aged rats.	Isoflurane	82-92	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	36-66
23904373-1	2013	This study investigated the role of glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta) in isoflurane-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction in aged rats.	Isoflurane	82-92	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	68-77
23904373-6	2013	Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that isoflurane anesthesia increased mRNA levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6, which was consistent with the ELISA results.	Isoflurane	41-51	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	88-97
23904373-6	2013	Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that isoflurane anesthesia increased mRNA levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6, which was consistent with the ELISA results.	Isoflurane	41-51	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	99-107
23904373-6	2013	Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that isoflurane anesthesia increased mRNA levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6, which was consistent with the ELISA results.	Isoflurane	41-51	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	112-116
23904373-10	2013	In conclusion, these results suggested that GSK-3beta is associated with isoflurane-induced upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and cognitive disorder in aged rats.	Isoflurane	73-83	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	44-53
23666677-0	2013	Apolipoprotein A-1 mimetic D-4F enhances isoflurane-induced eNOS signaling and cardioprotection during acute hyperglycemia.	Isoflurane	41-51	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	0-18
23666677-7	2013	Isoflurane promoted caveolin-1 and eNOS compartmentalization within endothelial cell caveolae and eNOS dimerization, concomitant with increased NO production (411 +- 28 vs. 68 +- 10 pmol/mg protein in control).	Isoflurane	0-10	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	20-30
23812361-2	2013	show that isoflurane uses a tubule-based transforming growth factor-beta/CD73-dependent process that generates adenosine to protect mice from ischemic acute kidney injury (AKI) with effects to prevent the "no-reflow phenomenon" and decrease inflammation.	Isoflurane	10-20	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	73-77
23438677-0	2013	Effects of anesthetic isoflurane and desflurane on human cerebrospinal fluid Abeta and tau level.	Isoflurane	22-32	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	77-82
23438677-2	2013	Anesthetic isoflurane, but not desflurane, may increase Abeta levels in vitro and in animals.	Isoflurane	11-21	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	56-61
23438677-3	2013	Therefore, we set out to determine the effects of isoflurane and desflurane on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of Abeta and tau in humans.	Isoflurane	50-60	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	115-120
23438677-11	2013	These findings have suggested that isoflurane and desflurane may have different effects on human CSF Abeta levels.	Isoflurane	35-45	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	101-106
23423261-0	2013	The volatile anesthetic isoflurane induces ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) to protect against renal ischemia and reperfusion injury.	Isoflurane	24-34	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	43-63
23423261-0	2013	The volatile anesthetic isoflurane induces ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) to protect against renal ischemia and reperfusion injury.	Isoflurane	24-34	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	65-69
23423261-1	2013	The volatile anesthetic isoflurane protects against renal ischemia and reperfusion injury by releasing renal tubular TGF-beta1.	Isoflurane	24-34	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	117-126
23423261-2	2013	As adenosine is a powerful cytoprotective molecule, we tested whether TGF-beta1 generated by isoflurane induces renal tubular ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) and adenosine to protect against renal ischemia and reperfusion injury.	Isoflurane	93-103	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	70-79
23423261-2	2013	As adenosine is a powerful cytoprotective molecule, we tested whether TGF-beta1 generated by isoflurane induces renal tubular ecto-5"-nucleotidase (CD73) and adenosine to protect against renal ischemia and reperfusion injury.	Isoflurane	93-103	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	126-146
23423261-3	2013	Isoflurane induced new CD73 synthesis and increased adenosine generation in cultured kidney proximal tubule cells and in mouse kidney.	Isoflurane	0-10	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	23-27
23423261-4	2013	Moreover, a TGF-beta1-neutralizing antibody prevented isoflurane-mediated induction of CD73 activity.	Isoflurane	54-64	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	12-21
23423261-4	2013	Moreover, a TGF-beta1-neutralizing antibody prevented isoflurane-mediated induction of CD73 activity.	Isoflurane	54-64	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	87-91
23423261-7	2013	The TGF-beta1-neutralizing antibody or the CD73 inhibitor attenuated isoflurane-mediated protection against HK-2 cell apoptosis.	Isoflurane	69-79	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	4-13
23423261-7	2013	The TGF-beta1-neutralizing antibody or the CD73 inhibitor attenuated isoflurane-mediated protection against HK-2 cell apoptosis.	Isoflurane	69-79	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	43-47
23423261-8	2013	Thus, isoflurane causes TGF-beta1-dependent induction of renal tubular CD73 and adenosine generation to protect against renal ischemia and reperfusion injury.	Isoflurane	6-16	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	24-33
23423261-8	2013	Thus, isoflurane causes TGF-beta1-dependent induction of renal tubular CD73 and adenosine generation to protect against renal ischemia and reperfusion injury.	Isoflurane	6-16	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Mus musculus	71-75
23603260-0	2013	JNK pathway may be involved in isoflurane-induced apoptosis in the hippocampi of neonatal rats.	Isoflurane	31-41	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
23603260-4	2013	Therefore, we hypothesize that JNK signaling pathway activation contributes to isoflurane-induced apoptosis in the brain.	Isoflurane	79-89	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
23603260-9	2013	Isoflurane significantly increased apoptotic cells in the hippocampal CA1, CA3, and DG regions.	Isoflurane	0-10	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
23603260-9	2013	Isoflurane significantly increased apoptotic cells in the hippocampal CA1, CA3, and DG regions.	Isoflurane	0-10	carbonic anhydrase 3	Rattus norvegicus	75-78
23603260-10	2013	The JNK inhibitor SP600125 dose-dependently inhibited isoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis and increase of caspase-3 and phospho-JNK.	Isoflurane	54-64	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
23603260-10	2013	The JNK inhibitor SP600125 dose-dependently inhibited isoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis and increase of caspase-3 and phospho-JNK.	Isoflurane	54-64	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	108-117
23603260-10	2013	The JNK inhibitor SP600125 dose-dependently inhibited isoflurane-induced neuronal apoptosis and increase of caspase-3 and phospho-JNK.	Isoflurane	54-64	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	130-133
23603260-11	2013	SP600125 also attenuated isoflurane-induced down-regulation of Bcl-xL and maintained the activated Akt level to increase the phosphorylation of GSK-3beta at Ser9.	Isoflurane	25-35	Bcl2-like 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-69
23603260-11	2013	SP600125 also attenuated isoflurane-induced down-regulation of Bcl-xL and maintained the activated Akt level to increase the phosphorylation of GSK-3beta at Ser9.	Isoflurane	25-35	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-102
23603260-11	2013	SP600125 also attenuated isoflurane-induced down-regulation of Bcl-xL and maintained the activated Akt level to increase the phosphorylation of GSK-3beta at Ser9.	Isoflurane	25-35	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	144-153
23603260-12	2013	Our results indicate that JNK activation contributes to isoflurane-induced neuroapoptosis in the developing brain.	Isoflurane	56-66	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	26-29
23141628-14	2013	AChE decreased significantly after isoflurane anesthesia regardless of whether CPB was performed.	Isoflurane	35-45	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
23604542-0	2013	Isoflurane and sevoflurane increase interleukin-6 levels through the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway in neuroglioma cells.	Isoflurane	0-10	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	36-49
23604542-0	2013	Isoflurane and sevoflurane increase interleukin-6 levels through the nuclear factor-kappa B pathway in neuroglioma cells.	Isoflurane	0-10	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	69-91
23604542-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Isoflurane can increase pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6 levels.	Isoflurane	12-22	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	62-80
23604542-4	2013	We examined the effects of isoflurane and sevoflurane on the NF-kappaB signalling pathway and its association with IL-6 levels in cultured cells.	Isoflurane	27-37	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	61-70
23604542-7	2013	RESULTS: Isoflurane or sevoflurane treatment increased the levels of IL-6 [isoflurane: 410% (54); sevoflurane: 290% (24)], the nuclear levels of NF-kappaB [isoflurane: 170% (36); sevoflurane: 320% (30)], and the transcription activity of NF-kappaB in H4 cells.	Isoflurane	9-19	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	69-73
23604542-7	2013	RESULTS: Isoflurane or sevoflurane treatment increased the levels of IL-6 [isoflurane: 410% (54); sevoflurane: 290% (24)], the nuclear levels of NF-kappaB [isoflurane: 170% (36); sevoflurane: 320% (30)], and the transcription activity of NF-kappaB in H4 cells.	Isoflurane	9-19	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	145-154
23604542-7	2013	RESULTS: Isoflurane or sevoflurane treatment increased the levels of IL-6 [isoflurane: 410% (54); sevoflurane: 290% (24)], the nuclear levels of NF-kappaB [isoflurane: 170% (36); sevoflurane: 320% (30)], and the transcription activity of NF-kappaB in H4 cells.	Isoflurane	9-19	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	238-247
23604542-7	2013	RESULTS: Isoflurane or sevoflurane treatment increased the levels of IL-6 [isoflurane: 410% (54); sevoflurane: 290% (24)], the nuclear levels of NF-kappaB [isoflurane: 170% (36); sevoflurane: 320% (30)], and the transcription activity of NF-kappaB in H4 cells.	Isoflurane	75-85	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	69-73
23604542-7	2013	RESULTS: Isoflurane or sevoflurane treatment increased the levels of IL-6 [isoflurane: 410% (54); sevoflurane: 290% (24)], the nuclear levels of NF-kappaB [isoflurane: 170% (36); sevoflurane: 320% (30)], and the transcription activity of NF-kappaB in H4 cells.	Isoflurane	156-166	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	145-154
23604542-8	2013	Moreover, isoflurane enhanced the transcription activity of NF-kappaB in mouse microglia, but not primary neurones.	Isoflurane	10-20	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	60-69
23604542-9	2013	Finally, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and 2-DG attenuated isoflurane-induced increases in IL-6 and NF-kappaB, and the transcription activity of NF-kappaB.	Isoflurane	57-67	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	89-93
23604542-9	2013	Finally, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and 2-DG attenuated isoflurane-induced increases in IL-6 and NF-kappaB, and the transcription activity of NF-kappaB.	Isoflurane	57-67	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	98-107
23604542-9	2013	Finally, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate and 2-DG attenuated isoflurane-induced increases in IL-6 and NF-kappaB, and the transcription activity of NF-kappaB.	Isoflurane	57-67	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	143-152
23604542-10	2013	CONCLUSIONS: These studies in H4 cells suggest that the NF-kappaB signalling pathway could contribute to isoflurane or sevoflurane-induced neuroinflammation.	Isoflurane	105-115	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	56-65
23238810-4	2013	The inward current of the epsilon-nAChR was activated by use of 10 mumol/L acetylcholine alone or in combination with different concentrations of sevoflurane, isoflurane, or rocuronium.	Isoflurane	159-169	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	34-39
23238810-9	2013	Sevoflurane or isoflurane (0.5 IC5) with rocuronium at IC5, IC25, and IC50 synergistically inhibited the current amplitude of adult-type muscle epsilon-nAChR.	Isoflurane	15-25	cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit	Homo sapiens	152-157
24472144-6	2013	RESULTS: The only statistically significant difference in area-under-the-curve concentrations was for IL-6, which was greater in patients given isoflurane:78 (95% confidence interval (CI): 52 to 109) pg/ml versus 33 (22 to 50) pg/ml, P= 0.006.	Isoflurane	144-154	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	102-106
23313315-0	2013	Isoflurane postconditioning reduces ischemia-induced nuclear factor-kappaB activation and interleukin 1beta production to provide neuroprotection in rats and mice.	Isoflurane	0-10	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	90-107
23313315-6	2013	Isoflurane postconditioning reduced brain ischemia/reperfusion-induced nuclear transcription factor (NF)-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation as well as interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-6 production in the ischemic penumbral brain tissues at 24h after the MCAO.	Isoflurane	0-10	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	146-163
23313315-6	2013	Isoflurane postconditioning reduced brain ischemia/reperfusion-induced nuclear transcription factor (NF)-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation as well as interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-6 production in the ischemic penumbral brain tissues at 24h after the MCAO.	Isoflurane	0-10	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	179-192
24472144-7	2013	Two hours after surgery, IL-6 was significantly greater than baseline in patients assigned to isoflurane: 47 (95% CI: 4 to 216, P&lt;0.001) pg/ml versus 18 (95%CI: 4 to 374, P&lt;0.001) pg/ml in the TIVA group.	Isoflurane	94-104	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	25-29
24472144-11	2013	Two hours after surgery, IL-6 concentrations were significantly greater in patients given isoflurane than TIVA.	Isoflurane	90-100	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	25-29
23044653-2	2013	Recent studies have suggested that the inhalational anesthetic isoflurane can induce caspase activation and apoptosis, increase aggregates of beta-amyloid (Abeta) levels, and enhance Abeta aggregation.	Isoflurane	63-73	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	142-162
23477964-0	2013	The impact of hypothermia on emergence from isoflurane anesthesia in orexin neuron-ablated mice.	Isoflurane	44-54	hypocretin	Mus musculus	69-75
23485993-10	2013	Treating A549 cells with muscimol or with isoflurane (250 microM) reduced the expression of COX-2, an effect that was attenuated by cotreatment with bicuculline.	Isoflurane	42-52	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	92-97
23485993-12	2013	Clinically relevant concentrations of isoflurane increased the activity of GABAA receptors and reduced the expression of COX-2 in ATII cells.	Isoflurane	38-48	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	121-126
23318991-7	2013	Isoflurane (0.5 mM) increased flavoprotein fluorescence to 180% +- 14% and 190% +- 15% and reactive oxygen species production to 118% +- 2% and 124% +- 6% of baseline in WT and Kir6.2 KO myocytes, respectively.	Isoflurane	0-10	potassium inwardly rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 11	Mus musculus	177-183
23318991-10	2013	Pretreatment with isoflurane decreased the stress-induced cell death from 31% +- 1% to 21% +- 1% in WT and from 44% +- 2% to 35% +- 2% in Kir6.2 KO myocytes.	Isoflurane	18-28	potassium inwardly rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 11	Mus musculus	138-144
22950384-1	2013	Inhalation anesthetic isoflurane has been reported to induce caspase activation and accumulation of beta-amyloid (Abeta), however, the down-stream consequences of these effects are largely unknown.	Isoflurane	22-32	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	100-120
22950384-7	2013	Here we show that isoflurane can induce caspase-3 activation, increase levels of beta-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme and cause accumulation of Abeta in the primary neurons.	Isoflurane	18-28	caspase 3	Mus musculus	40-49
22950384-8	2013	Isoflurane facilitates synaptic NR2B endocytosis as evidenced by reducing surface NR2B levels, increasing NR2B internalization, and decreasing the ratio of synaptic surface NR2B to synapsin in mice primary neurons.	Isoflurane	0-10	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA2B (epsilon 2)	Mus musculus	32-36
22950384-8	2013	Isoflurane facilitates synaptic NR2B endocytosis as evidenced by reducing surface NR2B levels, increasing NR2B internalization, and decreasing the ratio of synaptic surface NR2B to synapsin in mice primary neurons.	Isoflurane	0-10	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA2B (epsilon 2)	Mus musculus	82-86
22950384-8	2013	Isoflurane facilitates synaptic NR2B endocytosis as evidenced by reducing surface NR2B levels, increasing NR2B internalization, and decreasing the ratio of synaptic surface NR2B to synapsin in mice primary neurons.	Isoflurane	0-10	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA2B (epsilon 2)	Mus musculus	82-86
22950384-8	2013	Isoflurane facilitates synaptic NR2B endocytosis as evidenced by reducing surface NR2B levels, increasing NR2B internalization, and decreasing the ratio of synaptic surface NR2B to synapsin in mice primary neurons.	Isoflurane	0-10	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA2B (epsilon 2)	Mus musculus	82-86
22950384-9	2013	Moreover, caspase activation inhibitor Z-VAD and gamma-secretase inhibitor L-685,458 attenuated the isoflurane-facilitated NR2B endocytosis.	Isoflurane	100-110	glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA2B (epsilon 2)	Mus musculus	123-127
23508312-4	2013	Our results showed that anesthetic isoflurane increased the hippocampal mRNA level of IL-1beta, while surgery of partial hepatectomy increased the hippocampal mRNA levels of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6 as well as impaired rats" spatial memory at day 7 post-surgery.	Isoflurane	35-45	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	86-94
23364597-5	2013	RESULTS: Isoflurane exposure causes errors in Semaphorin-3A-dependent axon targeting (n = 77 axons) and a disruption of the response of axonal growth cones to Semaphorin-3A (n = 2,358 growth cones).	Isoflurane	9-19	sema domain, immunoglobulin domain (Ig), short basic domain, secreted, (semaphorin) 3A	Mus musculus	46-59
23499534-6	2013	Using a syntaxin1A gain-of-function construct, we found that increasing synaptic activity in different Drosophila neurons could produce hypersensitivity or resistance to isoflurane.	Isoflurane	170-180	Syntaxin 1A	Drosophila melanogaster	8-18
23460565-0	2013	TASK-1 (KCNK3) and TASK-3 (KCNK9) tandem pore potassium channel antagonists stimulate breathing in isoflurane-anesthetized rats.	Isoflurane	99-109	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 3	Rattus norvegicus	8-13
23613842-7	2013	We found that pretreatment with minocycline mitigated isoflurane-induced cognitive deficits and suppressed the isoflurane-induced excessive release of IL-1beta and caspase-3 in the hippocampal CA1 region at 4 h after isoflurane exposure, as well as the number of TUNEL-positive nuclei.	Isoflurane	111-121	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	151-159
23613842-7	2013	We found that pretreatment with minocycline mitigated isoflurane-induced cognitive deficits and suppressed the isoflurane-induced excessive release of IL-1beta and caspase-3 in the hippocampal CA1 region at 4 h after isoflurane exposure, as well as the number of TUNEL-positive nuclei.	Isoflurane	111-121	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	164-173
23613842-7	2013	We found that pretreatment with minocycline mitigated isoflurane-induced cognitive deficits and suppressed the isoflurane-induced excessive release of IL-1beta and caspase-3 in the hippocampal CA1 region at 4 h after isoflurane exposure, as well as the number of TUNEL-positive nuclei.	Isoflurane	111-121	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	193-196
23613842-7	2013	We found that pretreatment with minocycline mitigated isoflurane-induced cognitive deficits and suppressed the isoflurane-induced excessive release of IL-1beta and caspase-3 in the hippocampal CA1 region at 4 h after isoflurane exposure, as well as the number of TUNEL-positive nuclei.	Isoflurane	111-121	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	151-159
23613842-7	2013	We found that pretreatment with minocycline mitigated isoflurane-induced cognitive deficits and suppressed the isoflurane-induced excessive release of IL-1beta and caspase-3 in the hippocampal CA1 region at 4 h after isoflurane exposure, as well as the number of TUNEL-positive nuclei.	Isoflurane	111-121	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	164-173
23613842-7	2013	We found that pretreatment with minocycline mitigated isoflurane-induced cognitive deficits and suppressed the isoflurane-induced excessive release of IL-1beta and caspase-3 in the hippocampal CA1 region at 4 h after isoflurane exposure, as well as the number of TUNEL-positive nuclei.	Isoflurane	111-121	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	193-196
23613842-8	2013	In addition, minocycline treatment also prevented the changes of synaptic ultrastructure in the hippocampal CA1 region induced by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	130-140	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	108-111
23460565-0	2013	TASK-1 (KCNK3) and TASK-3 (KCNK9) tandem pore potassium channel antagonists stimulate breathing in isoflurane-anesthetized rats.	Isoflurane	99-109	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 9	Rattus norvegicus	27-32
23460572-6	2013	RESULTS: In 7-day-old mice, isoflurane exposure led to widespread increases in apoptotic cell death relative to controls, as measured by activated caspase 3 immunolabeling.	Isoflurane	28-38	caspase 3	Mus musculus	147-156
23364597-5	2013	RESULTS: Isoflurane exposure causes errors in Semaphorin-3A-dependent axon targeting (n = 77 axons) and a disruption of the response of axonal growth cones to Semaphorin-3A (n = 2,358 growth cones).	Isoflurane	9-19	sema domain, immunoglobulin domain (Ig), short basic domain, secreted, (semaphorin) 3A	Mus musculus	159-172
23364597-7	2013	Isoflurane also inhibits growth cone collapse induced by Netrin-1, but does not interfere branch induction by Netrin-1.	Isoflurane	0-10	netrin 1	Mus musculus	57-65
23460572-10	2013	By contrast, the rate of apoptotic NeuN-positive neurons increased at least 11-fold (lower end of the 95% confidence interval [CI]) to 2.0% +- 0.004% of neurons immediately after isoflurane exposure (P = 0.0017 isoflurane versus control).	Isoflurane	179-189	RNA binding protein, fox-1 homolog (C. elegans) 3	Mus musculus	35-39
23460572-10	2013	By contrast, the rate of apoptotic NeuN-positive neurons increased at least 11-fold (lower end of the 95% confidence interval [CI]) to 2.0% +- 0.004% of neurons immediately after isoflurane exposure (P = 0.0017 isoflurane versus control).	Isoflurane	211-221	RNA binding protein, fox-1 homolog (C. elegans) 3	Mus musculus	35-39
23460572-11	2013	In isoflurane-treated animals, 2.9% +- 0.02% of all caspase 3-positive neurons in superficial cortex also coexpressed GAD67, indicating that inhibitory neurons may also be affected.	Isoflurane	3-13	caspase 3	Mus musculus	52-61
23460572-15	2013	Moreover, isoflurane exposure interfered with the inhibitory nervous system by downregulating the central enzymes GAD65 and GAD67.	Isoflurane	10-20	glutamic acid decarboxylase 2	Mus musculus	114-119
23096126-3	2013	We examined this question and also evaluated the impact of isoflurane on neutrophil recruitment to the skin because we previously showed in vitro that isoflurane binds and inhibits beta2 integrins.	Isoflurane	151-161	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	181-186
23096126-6	2013	In addition, the effects of isoflurane on neutrophil binding to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), one of the beta2 integrin ligands, were studied in vitro using cell adhesion assays.	Isoflurane	28-38	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	64-97
23096126-6	2013	In addition, the effects of isoflurane on neutrophil binding to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), one of the beta2 integrin ligands, were studied in vitro using cell adhesion assays.	Isoflurane	28-38	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	99-105
23096126-10	2013	Also, isoflurane inhibited neutrophil adhesion to beta2 integrin ligand ICAM-1.	Isoflurane	6-16	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	50-55
23096126-10	2013	Also, isoflurane inhibited neutrophil adhesion to beta2 integrin ligand ICAM-1.	Isoflurane	6-16	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	72-78
23096126-12	2013	Based on the previous studies on the contribution of other adhesion molecules in neutrophil recruitment, it is likely that isoflurane at least partially affects on beta2 integrins in this model.	Isoflurane	123-133	hemoglobin, beta adult minor chain	Mus musculus	164-169
23136341-11	2013	Synaptotagmin I knockdown also diminished the inhibition produced by propofol and isoflurane, but the magnitude of the effect was not as large.	Isoflurane	82-92	synaptotagmin 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-15
23634262-0	2013	Isoflurane Induces Transient Anterograde Amnesia through Suppression of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Hippocampus.	Isoflurane	0-10	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	72-105
23634262-3	2013	We examined the involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) in the underlying mechanisms of the isoflurane-induced transient anterograde amnesia.	Isoflurane	150-160	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	31-64
23634262-3	2013	We examined the involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) in the underlying mechanisms of the isoflurane-induced transient anterograde amnesia.	Isoflurane	150-160	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	66-70
23634262-3	2013	We examined the involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) in the underlying mechanisms of the isoflurane-induced transient anterograde amnesia.	Isoflurane	150-160	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	89-106
23634262-3	2013	We examined the involvement of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptor tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) in the underlying mechanisms of the isoflurane-induced transient anterograde amnesia.	Isoflurane	150-160	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	108-112
23634262-9	2013	The expressions of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus were decreased immediately after isoflurane anesthesia but were increased 2 hours after isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	85-95	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	19-23
23634262-9	2013	The expressions of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus were decreased immediately after isoflurane anesthesia but were increased 2 hours after isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	85-95	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	28-32
23634262-9	2013	The expressions of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus were decreased immediately after isoflurane anesthesia but were increased 2 hours after isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	140-150	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	19-23
23634262-9	2013	The expressions of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus were decreased immediately after isoflurane anesthesia but were increased 2 hours after isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	140-150	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	28-32
23634262-10	2013	CONCLUSION: In this study, isoflurane anesthesia induced transient anterograde amnesia, and the expressions of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus might be involved in the underlying mechanisms of this transient anterograde amnesia.	Isoflurane	27-37	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	111-115
23634262-10	2013	CONCLUSION: In this study, isoflurane anesthesia induced transient anterograde amnesia, and the expressions of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus might be involved in the underlying mechanisms of this transient anterograde amnesia.	Isoflurane	27-37	neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	120-124
23270609-5	2013	We found that pretreatment with minocycline remarkably alleviated isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction and inhibited the isoflurane-induced over expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6, possibly by inhibiting the degradation of IkappaBalpha.	Isoflurane	125-135	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	163-172
23270609-5	2013	We found that pretreatment with minocycline remarkably alleviated isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction and inhibited the isoflurane-induced over expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6, possibly by inhibiting the degradation of IkappaBalpha.	Isoflurane	125-135	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	174-182
23270609-5	2013	We found that pretreatment with minocycline remarkably alleviated isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction and inhibited the isoflurane-induced over expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6, possibly by inhibiting the degradation of IkappaBalpha.	Isoflurane	125-135	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	188-192
23270609-5	2013	We found that pretreatment with minocycline remarkably alleviated isoflurane-induced cognitive dysfunction and inhibited the isoflurane-induced over expression of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6, possibly by inhibiting the degradation of IkappaBalpha.	Isoflurane	125-135	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	236-248
23270609-6	2013	In addition, minocycline downregulated the isoflurane-induced increase in the protein levels of cleaved caspase 3 and bax, and upregulated the bcl-2 protein level.	Isoflurane	43-53	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	118-121
23270609-6	2013	In addition, minocycline downregulated the isoflurane-induced increase in the protein levels of cleaved caspase 3 and bax, and upregulated the bcl-2 protein level.	Isoflurane	43-53	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	143-148
23329199-8	2013	Postasphyxia activation of caspase-3 was lower in association with propofol anesthesia than with isoflurane.	Isoflurane	97-107	caspase-3	Ovis aries	27-36
23408476-4	2013	We examined the effects of intravenous leptin to test the hypothesis that systemic leptin administration in isoflurane anesthetized, mechanically ventilated and vagotomized rats would lead to a sustained increase in respiratory motor output that was independent of changes in end-tidal PCO(2), body temperature or lung inflation pressure (an indicator of overall lung and chest wall compliance).	Isoflurane	108-118	leptin	Rattus norvegicus	83-89
23302986-7	2013	Isoflurane"s preconditioning effect was assessed by histologic examination, protein content, neutrophil recruitment, and determination of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, and IL-6 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue.	Isoflurane	0-10	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	138-171
23302986-7	2013	Isoflurane"s preconditioning effect was assessed by histologic examination, protein content, neutrophil recruitment, and determination of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, and IL-6 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue.	Isoflurane	0-10	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	173-195
23302986-7	2013	Isoflurane"s preconditioning effect was assessed by histologic examination, protein content, neutrophil recruitment, and determination of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, and IL-6 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and lung tissue.	Isoflurane	0-10	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	201-205
23302986-10	2013	RESULTS: Isoflurane preconditioning reduced inflammatory lung injury and TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 release in the lung.	Isoflurane	9-19	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	73-82
23302986-10	2013	RESULTS: Isoflurane preconditioning reduced inflammatory lung injury and TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 release in the lung.	Isoflurane	9-19	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	84-92
23302986-10	2013	RESULTS: Isoflurane preconditioning reduced inflammatory lung injury and TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 release in the lung.	Isoflurane	9-19	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	98-102
23064810-10	2013	S-100beta release, edema volume and upregulation of IL-6 and IL-1beta expression were impeded by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	97-107	S100 calcium binding protein B	Rattus norvegicus	0-9
23564155-5	2013	RESULTS: Isoflurane and sevoflurane significantly prolonged the rtfLORRs in PKC-gamma knockout mice compared with those in wild-type mice, while no significant difference was observed between knockout and wild-type mice treated with propofol.	Isoflurane	9-19	protein kinase C, gamma	Mus musculus	76-85
23635649-8	2013	Both LY 294002 and wortmannin inhibited phospho-Akt, phospho-mTOR, phospho-GSK 3beta and HIF-1alpha expression after isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	117-127	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	75-84
23635649-8	2013	Both LY 294002 and wortmannin inhibited phospho-Akt, phospho-mTOR, phospho-GSK 3beta and HIF-1alpha expression after isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	117-127	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	89-99
23635649-9	2013	Both wortmannin and rapamycin inhibited isoflurane-induced phospho-4E-BP1 (Ser 65) and phospho-P70(s6k) (Thr 389) and HIF-1alpha expression.	Isoflurane	40-50	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Rattus norvegicus	99-102
23635649-9	2013	Both wortmannin and rapamycin inhibited isoflurane-induced phospho-4E-BP1 (Ser 65) and phospho-P70(s6k) (Thr 389) and HIF-1alpha expression.	Isoflurane	40-50	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	118-128
23635649-10	2013	SB 216763 pre-treatment could further enhance isoflurane-induced expression of phospho-GSK 3beta (Ser 9) and HIF-1alpha protein compared to the isoflurane-alone cells.	Isoflurane	46-56	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	87-96
23635649-10	2013	SB 216763 pre-treatment could further enhance isoflurane-induced expression of phospho-GSK 3beta (Ser 9) and HIF-1alpha protein compared to the isoflurane-alone cells.	Isoflurane	46-56	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	109-119
23635649-12	2013	However, HIF-1alpha knockdown abrogated the protective effect of isoflurane preconditioning in rats.	Isoflurane	65-75	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	9-19
23635649-13	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane preconditioning improves survival of skin flaps by up the regulation of HIF-1alpha expression via Akt-mTOR and Akt-GSK 3beta signaling pathways.	Isoflurane	13-23	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	96-106
23635649-13	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane preconditioning improves survival of skin flaps by up the regulation of HIF-1alpha expression via Akt-mTOR and Akt-GSK 3beta signaling pathways.	Isoflurane	13-23	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	122-125
23635649-13	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane preconditioning improves survival of skin flaps by up the regulation of HIF-1alpha expression via Akt-mTOR and Akt-GSK 3beta signaling pathways.	Isoflurane	13-23	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	126-130
23635649-13	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane preconditioning improves survival of skin flaps by up the regulation of HIF-1alpha expression via Akt-mTOR and Akt-GSK 3beta signaling pathways.	Isoflurane	13-23	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	135-138
23635649-13	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane preconditioning improves survival of skin flaps by up the regulation of HIF-1alpha expression via Akt-mTOR and Akt-GSK 3beta signaling pathways.	Isoflurane	13-23	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	139-148
23635649-0	2013	Isoflurane preconditioning increases survival of rat skin random-pattern flaps by induction of HIF-1alpha expression.	Isoflurane	0-10	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	95-105
23635649-3	2013	METHODS: Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and human skin fibroblast cells were exposed to isoflurane for 4 h. Expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were analyzed up to 24 h post isoflurane exposure using qRT-PCR and western blot, or ELISA analyses.	Isoflurane	285-295	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	172-182
23635649-7	2013	RESULTS: Isoflurane exposure induced expression of HIF-1alpha protein, HO-1 and VEGF mRNA and proteins in a time-dependent manner.	Isoflurane	9-19	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	51-61
23635649-7	2013	RESULTS: Isoflurane exposure induced expression of HIF-1alpha protein, HO-1 and VEGF mRNA and proteins in a time-dependent manner.	Isoflurane	9-19	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	80-84
23064810-10	2013	S-100beta release, edema volume and upregulation of IL-6 and IL-1beta expression were impeded by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	97-107	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	52-56
23064810-10	2013	S-100beta release, edema volume and upregulation of IL-6 and IL-1beta expression were impeded by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	97-107	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	61-69
24369446-8	2013	ISO treatment inhibited iNOS expression and activity, as well as subsequent nitric oxide generation.	Isoflurane	0-3	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	24-28
23372435-8	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Emulsified isoflurane protects isolated rat KCs against H/R induced injury by decreasing the production of ROS and TNF-alpha and attenuating apoptosis in KCs.	Isoflurane	24-34	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	128-137
23468836-0	2013	Isoflurane preconditioning confers cardioprotection by activation of ALDH2.	Isoflurane	0-10	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	Rattus norvegicus	69-74
23710113-4	2013	ISO also inhibited ZY-induced expression and activation of nuclear factor-kappaB p65 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in pulmonary tissue.	Isoflurane	0-3	v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian)	Mus musculus	81-84
23573252-7	2013	RESULTS: Isoflurane and sevoflurane diminished the binding of PAC-1 to wild-type alphaIIbbeta3 transfectants, but not to the high-affinity mutant, beta3-N305T.	Isoflurane	9-19	ADCYAP receptor type I	Homo sapiens	62-67
23070469-0	2013	Hippocampal glutamate level and glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) are up-regulated in senior rat associated with isoflurane-induced spatial learning/memory impairment.	Isoflurane	119-129	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	32-63
23070469-0	2013	Hippocampal glutamate level and glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) are up-regulated in senior rat associated with isoflurane-induced spatial learning/memory impairment.	Isoflurane	119-129	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	65-70
23070469-15	2013	We found a continuous raised hippocampal glutamate and an up-regulation of GLAST rather than GLT-1, NMDAR1, NMDAR2A/B, AMPAR or tau in hippocampus of aged rats associated with isoflurane-induced learning/memory impairment.	Isoflurane	176-186	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	75-80
23408966-0	2013	Isoflurane increases neuronal cell death vulnerability by downregulating miR-214.	Isoflurane	0-10	microRNA 214	Rattus norvegicus	73-80
23408966-3	2013	This isoflurane-induced effect is mediated by the downregulation of miR-214 level that lead to an elevated expression of Bax, a prominent target for miR-214.	Isoflurane	5-15	microRNA 214	Rattus norvegicus	68-75
23408966-3	2013	This isoflurane-induced effect is mediated by the downregulation of miR-214 level that lead to an elevated expression of Bax, a prominent target for miR-214.	Isoflurane	5-15	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	121-124
23408966-3	2013	This isoflurane-induced effect is mediated by the downregulation of miR-214 level that lead to an elevated expression of Bax, a prominent target for miR-214.	Isoflurane	5-15	microRNA 214	Rattus norvegicus	149-156
23408966-4	2013	We conclude that isoflurane increases cell death in the presence of amyloid beta by increasing Bax level through downregulating miR-214.	Isoflurane	17-27	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	95-98
23408966-4	2013	We conclude that isoflurane increases cell death in the presence of amyloid beta by increasing Bax level through downregulating miR-214.	Isoflurane	17-27	microRNA 214	Rattus norvegicus	128-135
23468836-4	2013	Pretreatment with isoflurane prior to ischemia reduced LDH and CK-MB levels and infarct size, while it increased phosphorylation of ALDH2, which could be blocked by the ALDH2 inhibitor, cyanamide.	Isoflurane	18-28	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	Rattus norvegicus	132-137
23468836-4	2013	Pretreatment with isoflurane prior to ischemia reduced LDH and CK-MB levels and infarct size, while it increased phosphorylation of ALDH2, which could be blocked by the ALDH2 inhibitor, cyanamide.	Isoflurane	18-28	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	Rattus norvegicus	169-174
23468836-7	2013	In contrast, the effect of isoflurane-induced protection was almost abolished by knockdown of ALDH2.	Isoflurane	27-37	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	Rattus norvegicus	94-99
23468836-8	2013	Activation of ALDH2 and cardioprotection by isoflurane were substantially blocked by the PKCepsilon inhibitor.	Isoflurane	44-54	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	Rattus norvegicus	14-19
23468836-9	2013	Activation of ALDH2 by mitochondrial PKCepsilon plays an important role in the cardioprotection of isoflurane in myocardium I/R injury.	Isoflurane	99-109	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1	Rattus norvegicus	14-19
22749532-10	2012	Compared with the control group, postconditioning with inhalation of isoflurane or infusion of emulsified isoflurane remarkably enhanced the expression of phosphorylation of JAK2 Tyr(1007)/Tyr(1008) and STAT3 Tyr(705), but not phosphorylation of STAT1 Tyr(701).	Isoflurane	69-79	Janus kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	174-178
22864653-0	2012	The preconditioning pulmonary protective effect of volatile isoflurane in acute lung injury is mediated by activation of endogenous iNOS.	Isoflurane	60-70	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	132-136
22864653-11	2012	Expression of iNOS and CD11b were attenuated in the lung tissue obtained from rats receiving isoflurane.	Isoflurane	93-103	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
22864653-11	2012	Expression of iNOS and CD11b were attenuated in the lung tissue obtained from rats receiving isoflurane.	Isoflurane	93-103	integrin subunit alpha M	Rattus norvegicus	23-28
22864653-12	2012	Furthermore, enzymatic activity of myeloperoxidase was also reduced in the lung preexposed to isoflurane.	Isoflurane	94-104	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	35-50
22864653-14	2012	CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with volatile isoflurane attenuated inflammatory process in the lung tissue of rats with LPS-induced ALI, and this preconditioning pulmonary protective effect was mainly mediated by activation of endogenous iNOS in the lung.	Isoflurane	39-49	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	232-236
22749532-10	2012	Compared with the control group, postconditioning with inhalation of isoflurane or infusion of emulsified isoflurane remarkably enhanced the expression of phosphorylation of JAK2 Tyr(1007)/Tyr(1008) and STAT3 Tyr(705), but not phosphorylation of STAT1 Tyr(701).	Isoflurane	69-79	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	203-208
22749532-10	2012	Compared with the control group, postconditioning with inhalation of isoflurane or infusion of emulsified isoflurane remarkably enhanced the expression of phosphorylation of JAK2 Tyr(1007)/Tyr(1008) and STAT3 Tyr(705), but not phosphorylation of STAT1 Tyr(701).	Isoflurane	69-79	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Rattus norvegicus	246-251
22749532-10	2012	Compared with the control group, postconditioning with inhalation of isoflurane or infusion of emulsified isoflurane remarkably enhanced the expression of phosphorylation of JAK2 Tyr(1007)/Tyr(1008) and STAT3 Tyr(705), but not phosphorylation of STAT1 Tyr(701).	Isoflurane	106-116	Janus kinase 2	Rattus norvegicus	174-178
22749532-10	2012	Compared with the control group, postconditioning with inhalation of isoflurane or infusion of emulsified isoflurane remarkably enhanced the expression of phosphorylation of JAK2 Tyr(1007)/Tyr(1008) and STAT3 Tyr(705), but not phosphorylation of STAT1 Tyr(701).	Isoflurane	106-116	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	203-208
22749532-10	2012	Compared with the control group, postconditioning with inhalation of isoflurane or infusion of emulsified isoflurane remarkably enhanced the expression of phosphorylation of JAK2 Tyr(1007)/Tyr(1008) and STAT3 Tyr(705), but not phosphorylation of STAT1 Tyr(701).	Isoflurane	106-116	signal transducer and activator of transcription 1	Rattus norvegicus	246-251
22475355-8	2012	The difference in the ICAM-1 expression of the isoflurane and sevoflurane groups was not significant at both measurement times.	Isoflurane	47-57	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	22-28
22815384-1	2012	We previously demonstrated that isoflurane targets lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), a critical adhesion molecule for leukocyte arrest.	Isoflurane	32-42	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	51-91
22815384-1	2012	We previously demonstrated that isoflurane targets lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), a critical adhesion molecule for leukocyte arrest.	Isoflurane	32-42	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	93-98
22815384-2	2012	However, it remains to be determined how isoflurane interacts with the full ectodomain LFA-1 and modulates its conformation and function.	Isoflurane	41-51	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	87-92
22815384-3	2012	Isoflurane binding sites on the full ectodomain LFA-1 were probed by photolabeling using photoactivatable isoflurane (azi-isoflurane).	Isoflurane	0-10	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	48-53
22815384-3	2012	Isoflurane binding sites on the full ectodomain LFA-1 were probed by photolabeling using photoactivatable isoflurane (azi-isoflurane).	Isoflurane	106-116	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	48-53
22815384-7	2012	The significance of isoflurane"s effect was assessed in both intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) binding assays and epitope mapping of activation-sensitive antibodies using flow cytometry.	Isoflurane	20-30	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	61-94
22815384-7	2012	The significance of isoflurane"s effect was assessed in both intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) binding assays and epitope mapping of activation-sensitive antibodies using flow cytometry.	Isoflurane	20-30	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	96-102
22815384-8	2012	Two isoflurane binding sites were identified using photolabeling and were further validated by the docking simulation: one at the hydrophobic pocket in the ICAM-1 binding domain (the alphaI domain); the other at the betaI domain.	Isoflurane	4-14	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	156-162
22815384-10	2012	Epitope mapping using activation-sensitive antibodies suggested that isoflurane stabilized LFA-1 in the closed conformation.	Isoflurane	69-79	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	91-96
22815384-11	2012	This study suggested that isoflurane binds to both the alphaI and betaI domains allosteric to the ICAM-1 binding site, and that isoflurane binding stabilizes LFA-1 in the closed conformation.	Isoflurane	26-36	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	98-104
22815384-11	2012	This study suggested that isoflurane binds to both the alphaI and betaI domains allosteric to the ICAM-1 binding site, and that isoflurane binding stabilizes LFA-1 in the closed conformation.	Isoflurane	26-36	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	158-163
22815384-11	2012	This study suggested that isoflurane binds to both the alphaI and betaI domains allosteric to the ICAM-1 binding site, and that isoflurane binding stabilizes LFA-1 in the closed conformation.	Isoflurane	128-138	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	158-163
23103189-4	2012	RESULTS: Using c-Fos immunohistochemistry as a biomarker for antecedent neuronal activity, we show that isoflurane and halothane increase the number of active neurons in the VLPO, but only when mice are sedated or unconscious.	Isoflurane	104-114	FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene	Mus musculus	15-20
22814802-10	2012	Isoflurane upregulated the level of phosphorylated GSK-3beta, which phosphorylate tau at different sites, and aggravated the apoptotic rate of the Abeta25-35-induced PC12 cells.	Isoflurane	0-10	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Rattus norvegicus	51-60
22798527-2	2012	Previous studies have demonstrated that activities of orexinergic neurons were inhibited by isoflurane and sevoflurane, and microinjection of orexin facilitated the emergence from volatile anesthesia.	Isoflurane	92-102	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	54-60
22644356-3	2012	We have previously demonstrated that sevoflurane inhibits Ang II-induced vasoconstriction by inhibiting PKC phosphorylation, whereas isoflurane inhibits Ang II-induced vasoconstriction by decreasing intracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) in vascular smooth muscle.	Isoflurane	133-143	angiogenin	Rattus norvegicus	153-156
22871953-8	2012	Both isoflurane and sevoflurane pretreatment decreased malondialdehyde, Dffb, the wet/dry ratio, and injury score and upregulated Bax and Apaf 1 compared with the control group.	Isoflurane	5-15	DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta	Rattus norvegicus	72-76
22871953-8	2012	Both isoflurane and sevoflurane pretreatment decreased malondialdehyde, Dffb, the wet/dry ratio, and injury score and upregulated Bax and Apaf 1 compared with the control group.	Isoflurane	5-15	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	130-133
22871953-8	2012	Both isoflurane and sevoflurane pretreatment decreased malondialdehyde, Dffb, the wet/dry ratio, and injury score and upregulated Bax and Apaf 1 compared with the control group.	Isoflurane	5-15	apoptotic peptidase activating factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	138-144
22773559-8	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Two percent isoflurane can suppress post-SAH blood-brain barrier disruption, which may be mediated by sphingosine kinase 1 expression and sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-1/3 activation.	Isoflurane	25-35	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	151-187
24757595-9	2012	However, mean cTnT in 3 groups at 36 hours after arrival in ICU were different (P&lt; 0.013) and cTnT level was significantly higher in midazolam group (P&lt;0.001) and lowest in isoflurane group (P=0.002).	Isoflurane	179-189	troponin T2, cardiac type	Homo sapiens	97-101
24757595-10	2012	CONCLUSION: There were significant differences on cTnT levels between anesthetic groups of isofluran, midazolam and propofol at 36 hr after surgery.	Isoflurane	91-100	troponin T2, cardiac type	Homo sapiens	50-54
22609621-0	2012	Contribution of microRNA-203 to the isoflurane preconditioning-induced neuroprotection.	Isoflurane	36-46	microRNA 203	Rattus norvegicus	16-28
22705347-6	2012	The 3% isoflurane treatment group showed significantly longer escape latency, less time spent in the third quadrant and fewer original platform crossings in the Morris Water Maze test, significantly increased number and optical densities of caspase-3 neurons.	Isoflurane	7-17	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	241-250
22901676-0	2012	Propofol and magnesium attenuate isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation via inhibiting mitochondrial permeability transition pore.	Isoflurane	33-43	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	52-61
22901676-6	2012	RESULTS: Here we show that Mg2+ and propofol attenuated the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation in H4-APP cells and mouse brain tissue.	Isoflurane	60-70	mucin 7, secreted	Homo sapiens	27-30
22901676-6	2012	RESULTS: Here we show that Mg2+ and propofol attenuated the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation in H4-APP cells and mouse brain tissue.	Isoflurane	60-70	caspase 3	Mus musculus	79-88
22901676-7	2012	Moreover, Mg2+ and propofol, the blockers of mPTP opening, mitigated the isoflurane-induced mPTP opening in the H4-APP cells.	Isoflurane	73-83	mucin 7, secreted	Homo sapiens	10-13
22901676-8	2012	CONCLUSION: These data illustrate that Mg2+ and propofol may ameliorate the isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting its mitochondrial dysfunction.	Isoflurane	76-86	mucin 7, secreted	Homo sapiens	39-42
22609621-3	2012	We showed that isoflurane significantly increased microRNA-203 expression in B35 neuron-like cells.	Isoflurane	15-25	microRNA 203	Rattus norvegicus	50-62
22609621-4	2012	The microRNA-203 expression in rat cerebral cortex also trended to increase after isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	82-92	microRNA 203	Rattus norvegicus	4-16
22609621-7	2012	These results suggest that isoflurane preconditioning-induced neuroprotection may involve increased expression of microRNA-203.	Isoflurane	27-37	microRNA 203	Rattus norvegicus	114-126
22455658-5	2012	METHODS: ENaC inhibitors were dissolved in an aqueous buffer that mimics the composition of tears and were applied topically to the ocular surface of isoflurane-anesthetized mice.	Isoflurane	150-160	sodium channel, nonvoltage-gated 1 alpha	Mus musculus	9-13
21190757-4	2012	Here, we show that a clinically relevant isoflurane anesthesia increased the protein and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta in the brain tissues of mice.	Isoflurane	41-51	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	144-148
22549100-10	2012	Isoflurane treatment in sham controls throughout the observation period (3.5h) revealed anesthesia associated IFNgamma-expression and lymphocyte activation which were not observed when animals were treated with ketamine/xylazine (p&lt;0.04, &lt;0.009).	Isoflurane	0-10	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	110-118
22467893-13	2012	The selective NADPH oxidase NOX2 inhibitor gp91ds-tat (10(-6) mol/L) and pretreatment with isoflurane (1.15% and 2.3%) restored relaxation in response to levcromakalim in arteries treated with d-glucose (20 mmol/L).	Isoflurane	91-101	cytochrome b-245 beta chain	Homo sapiens	28-32
22467893-15	2012	Along with these results, isoflurane (2.3%) reduced superoxide production and the intracellular mobilization of the cytosolic NOX2 subunit p47phox toward smooth muscle cell membrane in arteries treated with d-glucose (20 mmol/L).	Isoflurane	26-36	cytochrome b-245 beta chain	Homo sapiens	126-130
22467893-15	2012	Along with these results, isoflurane (2.3%) reduced superoxide production and the intracellular mobilization of the cytosolic NOX2 subunit p47phox toward smooth muscle cell membrane in arteries treated with d-glucose (20 mmol/L).	Isoflurane	26-36	neutrophil cytosolic factor 1	Homo sapiens	139-146
22504208-0	2012	Biophysical and pharmacological properties of glucagon-like peptide-1 in rats under isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	84-94	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	46-69
22870359-8	2012	However, the BUN and urine NAG-creatinine ratios at 72 hours after surgery were higher in isoflurane anesthesia in some carbon dioxide absorbent groups (P = 0.03 and 0.04, respectively).	Isoflurane	90-100	N-acetyl-alpha-glucosaminidase	Homo sapiens	27-30
22870360-8	2012	In Isoflurane group, immediate postoperative level of TRAIL was significantly higher than 24 hours reading and significantly lower than its level in Propofol group at the same timing meanwhile caspase-3 levels were comparable at different timings.	Isoflurane	3-13	TNF superfamily member 10	Homo sapiens	54-59
22504208-4	2012	The direct effects of isoflurane on GLP-1 secretion were assessed in human enteroendocrine NCI-H716 cells.	Isoflurane	22-32	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	36-41
22504208-7	2012	RESULTS: In fasting rats, inhalation of isoflurane led to a decrease in the basal levels of GLP-1 but did not affect insulin and glucose levels.	Isoflurane	40-50	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	92-97
22504208-9	2012	However, isoflurane attenuated the glucose-induced increase in GLP-1 and insulin levels and increased plasma glucose levels.	Isoflurane	9-19	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	63-68
22504208-11	2012	Isoflurane (0.35 mM) inhibited GLP-1 release in NCI-H716 cells; this finding was similar to that observed in in vivo studies.	Isoflurane	0-10	glucagon like peptide 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	31-36
22504208-14	2012	Whole-cell patches showed that exposure to GLP-1 (10 nM) led to nearly complete restoration of glucose-stimulated depolarization that had been suppressed by isoflurane (0.35 mM).	Isoflurane	157-167	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	43-48
22504208-15	2012	CONCLUSIONS: GLP-1 secretion is impaired during isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	48-58	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	13-18
22504208-17	2012	Furthermore, exposure to GLP-1 increased the membrane activity of pancreatic beta-cells, preventing isoflurane-induced impairment of glucose-induced insulin secretion.	Isoflurane	100-110	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	25-30
21190757-0	2012	The inhalation anesthetic isoflurane increases levels of proinflammatory TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta.	Isoflurane	26-36	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	73-82
21190757-0	2012	The inhalation anesthetic isoflurane increases levels of proinflammatory TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta.	Isoflurane	26-36	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	84-88
21190757-0	2012	The inhalation anesthetic isoflurane increases levels of proinflammatory TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta.	Isoflurane	26-36	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	94-102
21190757-3	2012	We therefore set out to determine the effects of the common anesthetic isoflurane on the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1beta, the proinflammatory cytokines, in vitro and in vivo, employing Western blot, immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).	Isoflurane	71-81	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	99-132
21190757-3	2012	We therefore set out to determine the effects of the common anesthetic isoflurane on the levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-1beta, the proinflammatory cytokines, in vitro and in vivo, employing Western blot, immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).	Isoflurane	71-81	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	158-166
21190757-4	2012	Here, we show that a clinically relevant isoflurane anesthesia increased the protein and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta in the brain tissues of mice.	Isoflurane	41-51	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	133-142
21190757-4	2012	Here, we show that a clinically relevant isoflurane anesthesia increased the protein and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-1beta in the brain tissues of mice.	Isoflurane	41-51	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	154-162
21190757-5	2012	The isoflurane anesthesia increased the amounts of TNF-alpha immunostaining positive cells in the brain tissues of mice, the majority of which were neurons.	Isoflurane	4-14	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	51-60
21190757-6	2012	Furthermore, isoflurane increased TNF-alpha levels in primary neurons, but not microglia cells, of mice.	Isoflurane	13-23	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	34-43
21190757-7	2012	Finally, isoflurane induced a greater degree of TNF-alpha increase in the AD transgenic mice than in the wild-type mice.	Isoflurane	9-19	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	48-57
22368036-5	2012	RESULTS: Here we show that isoflurane, but not desflurane, induces opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), increase in levels of reactive oxygen species, reduction in levels of mitochondrial membrane potential and adenosine-5"-triphosphate, activation of caspase 3, and impairment of learning and memory in cultured cells, mouse hippocampus neurons, mouse hippocampus, and mice.	Isoflurane	27-37	caspase 3	Mus musculus	277-286
22488000-12	2012	At 24 hrs, isoflurane attenuated neuronal cell death in the cortex, associated with an increase in sphingosine kinase 1 and phosphorylated Akt, and a decrease in cleaved caspase-3.	Isoflurane	11-21	sphingosine kinase 1	Mus musculus	99-142
22368036-6	2012	Moreover, cyclosporine A, a blocker of mPTP opening, attenuates isoflurane-induced mPTP opening, caspase 3 activation, and impairment of learning and memory.	Isoflurane	64-74	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	97-106
22383671-0	2012	The volatile anesthetic isoflurane prevents ventilator-induced lung injury via phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling in mice.	Isoflurane	24-34	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	105-108
22425721-0	2012	TREK1 activation mediates spinal cord ischemic tolerance induced by isoflurane preconditioning in rats.	Isoflurane	68-78	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
22425721-1	2012	The aim of this study is to examine the role of one of the two-pore (2P) domain K(+) channels, TREK (TWIK-related K(+) channels, TREK)-1, mediated neuroprotection on spinal cord afforded by isoflurane preconditioning.	Isoflurane	190-200	potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 2	Rattus norvegicus	101-136
22445062-0	2012	Induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase by isoflurane post-conditioning via hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha during tolerance against ischemic neuronal injury.	Isoflurane	48-58	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	13-44
22445062-0	2012	Induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase by isoflurane post-conditioning via hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha during tolerance against ischemic neuronal injury.	Isoflurane	48-58	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	81-112
22445062-1	2012	Recent studies have shown that isoflurane protects against ischemic injury via inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).	Isoflurane	31-41	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	79-110
22445062-1	2012	Recent studies have shown that isoflurane protects against ischemic injury via inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS).	Isoflurane	31-41	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	112-116
22445062-3	2012	However, whether iNOS gene containing the sequence of the hypoxia response element (HRE) is a HIF-1alpha target during tolerance against ischemic neuronal injury induced by isoflurane post-conditioning remains unknown.	Isoflurane	173-183	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	17-21
22445062-5	2012	Furthermore, isoflurane post-conditioning resulted in greater accumulation of HIF-1alpha and iNOS gene expression, following by HIF-1alpha transcriptional activity enhancement and co-localization of HIF-1alpha and iNOS.	Isoflurane	13-23	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	78-88
22445062-5	2012	Furthermore, isoflurane post-conditioning resulted in greater accumulation of HIF-1alpha and iNOS gene expression, following by HIF-1alpha transcriptional activity enhancement and co-localization of HIF-1alpha and iNOS.	Isoflurane	13-23	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	93-97
22445062-5	2012	Furthermore, isoflurane post-conditioning resulted in greater accumulation of HIF-1alpha and iNOS gene expression, following by HIF-1alpha transcriptional activity enhancement and co-localization of HIF-1alpha and iNOS.	Isoflurane	13-23	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	128-138
22445062-5	2012	Furthermore, isoflurane post-conditioning resulted in greater accumulation of HIF-1alpha and iNOS gene expression, following by HIF-1alpha transcriptional activity enhancement and co-localization of HIF-1alpha and iNOS.	Isoflurane	13-23	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	128-138
22445062-5	2012	Furthermore, isoflurane post-conditioning resulted in greater accumulation of HIF-1alpha and iNOS gene expression, following by HIF-1alpha transcriptional activity enhancement and co-localization of HIF-1alpha and iNOS.	Isoflurane	13-23	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	214-218
22445062-6	2012	Accordingly, in the primary cortical neuron cultures, silencing of HIF-1alpha attenuated the accumulation of iNOS and the protective effects of isoflurane post-conditioning.	Isoflurane	144-154	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	67-77
22445062-7	2012	Our results suggest the involvement of HIF-1alpha in the regulation of iNOS during tolerance against cerebral ischemia induced by isoflurane post-conditioning, which provide a mechanistic basis of novel therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke.	Isoflurane	130-140	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	39-49
22445062-7	2012	Our results suggest the involvement of HIF-1alpha in the regulation of iNOS during tolerance against cerebral ischemia induced by isoflurane post-conditioning, which provide a mechanistic basis of novel therapeutic strategies for ischemic stroke.	Isoflurane	130-140	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	71-75
22343472-12	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane enhances both types of phasic GABA A receptor-mediated inhibition to similar degrees at amnesic concentrations.	Isoflurane	13-23	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit gamma 1	Mus musculus	54-60
22383671-12	2012	In contrast, phosphorylation of Akt protein was substantially increased during mechanical ventilation with isoflurane.	Isoflurane	107-117	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	32-35
22383671-13	2012	Inhibition of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt signaling before mechanical ventilation completely reversed the lung-protective effects of isoflurane treatment in vivo.	Isoflurane	135-145	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	40-43
21774737-11	2012	The results of this study support the hypothesis that isoflurane inhibits contraction of the smooth muscle of the vas deferens, resulting in a decreased number of expelled sperm.	Isoflurane	54-64	arginine vasopressin	Rattus norvegicus	114-117
21947886-8	2012	The number and optical densities of GAP-43 and NPY positive cells, as well as the levels of GAP-43 and NPY mRNA, decreased significantly in the hippocampus of isoflurane-exposed pups.	Isoflurane	159-169	growth associated protein 43	Rattus norvegicus	36-42
21947886-8	2012	The number and optical densities of GAP-43 and NPY positive cells, as well as the levels of GAP-43 and NPY mRNA, decreased significantly in the hippocampus of isoflurane-exposed pups.	Isoflurane	159-169	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	47-50
21947886-8	2012	The number and optical densities of GAP-43 and NPY positive cells, as well as the levels of GAP-43 and NPY mRNA, decreased significantly in the hippocampus of isoflurane-exposed pups.	Isoflurane	159-169	growth associated protein 43	Rattus norvegicus	92-98
21947886-8	2012	The number and optical densities of GAP-43 and NPY positive cells, as well as the levels of GAP-43 and NPY mRNA, decreased significantly in the hippocampus of isoflurane-exposed pups.	Isoflurane	159-169	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
21947886-10	2012	These results indicate that isoflurane exposure during pregnancy could cause postnatal spatial memory and learning impairments in offspring rats, which may be partially explained by the down-regulation of GAP-43 and NPY in the hippocampal area.	Isoflurane	28-38	growth associated protein 43	Rattus norvegicus	205-211
21947886-10	2012	These results indicate that isoflurane exposure during pregnancy could cause postnatal spatial memory and learning impairments in offspring rats, which may be partially explained by the down-regulation of GAP-43 and NPY in the hippocampal area.	Isoflurane	28-38	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	216-219
22097881-0	2012	Hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha is involved in the neurodegeneration induced by isoflurane in the brain of neonatal rats.	Isoflurane	80-90	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	0-31
22097881-4	2012	Previously, we found that isoflurane can activate HIF-1alpha under normoxic conditions in vitro and HIF-1alpha has been found to be involved in the pre-conditioning effect of isoflurane in various organs.	Isoflurane	26-36	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	50-60
22097881-4	2012	Previously, we found that isoflurane can activate HIF-1alpha under normoxic conditions in vitro and HIF-1alpha has been found to be involved in the pre-conditioning effect of isoflurane in various organs.	Isoflurane	175-185	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	100-110
22097881-6	2012	Isoflurane dose-dependently induced apoptotic neurodegeneration in neonatal rats as assessed by S100beta, cleaved caspase 3 and poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), respectively.	Isoflurane	0-10	poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Rattus norvegicus	128-156
22097881-6	2012	Isoflurane dose-dependently induced apoptotic neurodegeneration in neonatal rats as assessed by S100beta, cleaved caspase 3 and poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), respectively.	Isoflurane	0-10	poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Rattus norvegicus	158-162
22097881-7	2012	Notably, isoflurane up-regulates HIF-1alpha protein levels in vivo and in vitro during induction of neurodegeneration.	Isoflurane	9-19	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	33-43
22097881-9	2012	Furthermore, knockdown of HIF-1alpha expression in cultured neurons attenuated isoflurane-induced neurotoxicity.	Isoflurane	79-89	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	26-36
22097881-11	2012	These findings indicate that HIF-1alpha is involved in the neurodegeneration induced by isoflurane in the brain of neonatal rats, suggesting HIF-1alpha may be a candidate for the dual effects of isoflurane on neuron fate.	Isoflurane	88-98	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
22097881-11	2012	These findings indicate that HIF-1alpha is involved in the neurodegeneration induced by isoflurane in the brain of neonatal rats, suggesting HIF-1alpha may be a candidate for the dual effects of isoflurane on neuron fate.	Isoflurane	88-98	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	141-151
22097881-11	2012	These findings indicate that HIF-1alpha is involved in the neurodegeneration induced by isoflurane in the brain of neonatal rats, suggesting HIF-1alpha may be a candidate for the dual effects of isoflurane on neuron fate.	Isoflurane	195-205	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	29-39
22097881-11	2012	These findings indicate that HIF-1alpha is involved in the neurodegeneration induced by isoflurane in the brain of neonatal rats, suggesting HIF-1alpha may be a candidate for the dual effects of isoflurane on neuron fate.	Isoflurane	195-205	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	141-151
22119003-0	2012	Involvement of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in cognitive impairment in isoflurane-treated rats.	Isoflurane	73-83	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	15-45
22119003-2	2012	In order to explore possible contributory mechanisms, we tested the effects of isoflurane anesthesia on (i) expression of hippocampal neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and (ii) the relationship of changes in nNOS expression to cognitive dysfunction in isoflurane-treated aged rats.	Isoflurane	79-89	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	166-170
22119003-7	2012	These data show that isoflurane causes a transient decrease in expression of hippocampal nNOS in aged rats during early post-anesthesia stages, and that the transient decrease of nNOS is closely correlated with cognitive impairment in isoflurane-treated aged rats.	Isoflurane	21-31	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	89-93
22119003-7	2012	These data show that isoflurane causes a transient decrease in expression of hippocampal nNOS in aged rats during early post-anesthesia stages, and that the transient decrease of nNOS is closely correlated with cognitive impairment in isoflurane-treated aged rats.	Isoflurane	235-245	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	179-183
22266638-0	2012	Isoflurane post-conditioning protects against intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury and multiorgan dysfunction via transforming growth factor-beta1 generation.	Isoflurane	0-10	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	116-148
22266638-10	2012	Furthermore, the protective effects of isoflurane were abolished by treatment with a TGF-beta1 neutralizing antibody before induction of IRI.	Isoflurane	39-49	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	85-94
22266638-11	2012	Finally, isoflurane exposure led to increased TGF-beta1 levels in intestinal epithelial cells and in plasma.	Isoflurane	9-19	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	46-55
22266638-12	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Our findings demonstrate that isoflurane post-conditioning protects against small intestinal injury and hepatic and renal dysfunction after severe intestinal IRI via induction of intestinal epithelial TGF-beta1.	Isoflurane	43-53	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	214-223
22198221-2	2012	Previous work from our laboratory showed that isoflurane neurotoxicity occurs through p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75(NTR)) and subsequent cytoskeleton depolymerization.	Isoflurane	46-56	nerve growth factor receptor (TNFR superfamily, member 16)	Mus musculus	86-111
22198221-2	2012	Previous work from our laboratory showed that isoflurane neurotoxicity occurs through p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75(NTR)) and subsequent cytoskeleton depolymerization.	Isoflurane	46-56	nerve growth factor receptor (TNFR superfamily, member 16)	Mus musculus	113-121
22198221-3	2012	Given that isoflurane and propofol both suppress neuronal activity, we hypothesized that propofol also induces apoptosis in developing neurons through p75(NTR).	Isoflurane	11-21	nerve growth factor receptor (TNFR superfamily, member 16)	Mus musculus	151-154
22198221-3	2012	Given that isoflurane and propofol both suppress neuronal activity, we hypothesized that propofol also induces apoptosis in developing neurons through p75(NTR).	Isoflurane	11-21	nerve growth factor receptor (TNFR superfamily, member 16)	Mus musculus	155-158
22137658-0	2012	Isoflurane/nitrous oxide anesthesia induces increases in NMDA receptor subunit NR2B protein expression in the aged rat brain.	Isoflurane	0-10	glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B	Rattus norvegicus	79-83
23185565-0	2012	Isoflurane exposure during mid-adulthood attenuates age-related spatial memory impairment in APP/PS1 transgenic mice.	Isoflurane	0-10	presenilin 1	Mus musculus	97-100
22196855-3	2012	We set out to determine whether the effect of isoflurane on spatial memory is associated with amyloid-beta (A-beta) levels and tau phosphorylation in aged rats.	Isoflurane	46-56	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	108-114
22196855-10	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane may induce spatial memory impairment through non-A-beta or tau neuropathogenesis mechanisms in aged rats.	Isoflurane	13-23	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	73-79
23251381-9	2012	In line with the brain edema data, ZO-1 expression was significantly higher in sevoflurane compared to isoflurane exposed CCI animals.	Isoflurane	103-113	tight junction protein 1	Mus musculus	35-39
22312298-0	2012	Isoflurane protects against human endothelial cell apoptosis by inducing sphingosine kinase-1 via ERK MAPK.	Isoflurane	0-10	sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	73-106
22312298-6	2012	We also determined whether isoflurane modulates the expression and activity of sphingosine kinase-1 (SK1) and induces the phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK MAPK) as both enzymes are known to protect against cell death.	Isoflurane	27-37	sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	79-104
22312298-6	2012	We also determined whether isoflurane modulates the expression and activity of sphingosine kinase-1 (SK1) and induces the phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK MAPK) as both enzymes are known to protect against cell death.	Isoflurane	27-37	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	180-183
22312298-8	2012	Mechanistically, isoflurane induces the phosphorylation of ERK MAPK and increased SK1 expression and activity in EA.hy926 cells.	Isoflurane	17-27	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	59-62
22312298-8	2012	Mechanistically, isoflurane induces the phosphorylation of ERK MAPK and increased SK1 expression and activity in EA.hy926 cells.	Isoflurane	17-27	sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	82-85
22312298-9	2012	Finally, selective blockade of SK1 (with SKI-II) or S1P(1) receptor (with W146) abolished the anti-apoptotic effects of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	120-130	sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	31-34
22312298-10	2012	Taken together, we demonstrate that isoflurane, in addition to its potent analgesic and anesthetic properties, protects against endothelial apoptosis most likely via SK1 and ERK MAPK activation.	Isoflurane	36-46	sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	166-169
22312298-10	2012	Taken together, we demonstrate that isoflurane, in addition to its potent analgesic and anesthetic properties, protects against endothelial apoptosis most likely via SK1 and ERK MAPK activation.	Isoflurane	36-46	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	174-177
22312298-10	2012	Taken together, we demonstrate that isoflurane, in addition to its potent analgesic and anesthetic properties, protects against endothelial apoptosis most likely via SK1 and ERK MAPK activation.	Isoflurane	36-46	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	178-182
23251531-0	2012	Isoflurane induces learning impairment that is mediated by interleukin 1beta in rodents.	Isoflurane	0-10	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	59-76
23251531-10	2012	Isoflurane increased the expression of interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6 and activated caspase 3 in the hippocampus of the 18-month old rats.	Isoflurane	0-10	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	39-56
23251531-10	2012	Isoflurane increased the expression of interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6 and activated caspase 3 in the hippocampus of the 18-month old rats.	Isoflurane	0-10	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	58-66
23251531-10	2012	Isoflurane increased the expression of interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6 and activated caspase 3 in the hippocampus of the 18-month old rats.	Isoflurane	0-10	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	69-82
23251531-10	2012	Isoflurane increased the expression of interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6 and activated caspase 3 in the hippocampus of the 18-month old rats.	Isoflurane	0-10	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	97-106
23251531-13	2012	Isoflurane also impaired the cognitive functions of 10-week old C57BL/6J mice and increased IL-1beta in their hippocampi.	Isoflurane	0-10	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	92-100
23251531-16	2012	IL-1beta may play an important role in this isoflurane effect.	Isoflurane	44-54	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
23185565-2	2012	In the present study, we hypothesized that exposure of APP/PS1 transgenic mice to isoflurane during mid-adulthood, which is the pre-symptomatic phase of amyloid beta (Abeta) deposition, would alter the progression of AD.	Isoflurane	82-92	presenilin 1	Mus musculus	59-62
23185565-2	2012	In the present study, we hypothesized that exposure of APP/PS1 transgenic mice to isoflurane during mid-adulthood, which is the pre-symptomatic phase of amyloid beta (Abeta) deposition, would alter the progression of AD.	Isoflurane	82-92	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	167-172
23185565-8	2012	For the transgenic mice, the Abeta plaque and oligomers in the hippocampus was significantly decreased in the 5 months following isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	129-139	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	29-34
23185565-9	2012	In summary, repeated isoflurane exposure during the pre-symptomatic phase not only improved spatial memory in both the APP/PS1 transgenic and wild-type mice shortly after the exposure but also prevented age-related decline in learning and memory and attenuated the Abeta plaque and oligomers in the hippocampus of transgenic mice.	Isoflurane	21-31	presenilin 1	Mus musculus	123-126
23185565-9	2012	In summary, repeated isoflurane exposure during the pre-symptomatic phase not only improved spatial memory in both the APP/PS1 transgenic and wild-type mice shortly after the exposure but also prevented age-related decline in learning and memory and attenuated the Abeta plaque and oligomers in the hippocampus of transgenic mice.	Isoflurane	21-31	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	265-270
22900002-7	2012	Challenge of the Ucp2(-/-) mice with isoflurane and medetomidine revealed an earlier behavioral recovery phenotype.	Isoflurane	37-47	uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	17-21
21980199-11	2012	RESULTS: Isoflurane preconditioning and hypoxia preconditioning significantly reduced infarct volume and improved neurological outcome in wild-type and SPK1(-/-) mice but not in SPK2(-/-) mice.	Isoflurane	9-19	sphingosine kinase 1	Mus musculus	152-156
22745746-0	2012	Anesthetic isoflurane increases phosphorylated tau levels mediated by caspase activation and Abeta generation.	Isoflurane	11-21	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	93-98
22745746-1	2012	Anesthetic isoflurane has been shown to promote Alzheimer"s disease (AD) neuropathogenesis by inducing caspase activation and accumulation of beta-amyloid (Abeta).	Isoflurane	11-21	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	142-162
22745746-11	2012	Finally, caspase activation inhibitor Z-VAD and Abeta generation inhibitor L-685,458 attenuated the isoflurane-induced increases in Tau-PS262 levels.	Isoflurane	100-110	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	48-53
22745746-12	2012	In conclusion, clinically relevant isoflurane anesthesia increases phosphorylated tau levels, which may result from the isoflurane-induced caspase activation and Abeta generation.	Isoflurane	35-45	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	162-167
21980199-14	2012	Hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha was upregulated in wild-type isoflurane-preconditioned mice but not in SPK2(-/-).	Isoflurane	61-71	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	0-31
21965367-6	2011	Therefore, we sought to determine whether 2-DG can reduce caspase-3 activation and the increase in the levels of BACE and reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by isoflurane.	Isoflurane	163-173	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	113-117
22419464-7	2012	The number and optical density of GAP-43 and NPY positive neurons in the hippocampus of pups decreased significantly in the isoflurane group compared with the controls (P &lt;0.01).	Isoflurane	124-134	growth associated protein 43	Rattus norvegicus	34-40
22419464-7	2012	The number and optical density of GAP-43 and NPY positive neurons in the hippocampus of pups decreased significantly in the isoflurane group compared with the controls (P &lt;0.01).	Isoflurane	124-134	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	45-48
22419464-8	2012	CONCLUSION: Isoflurane exposure in pregnant rats significantly impairs the spatial memory and learning of their pups at a juvenile age, which may be associated with the down-regulation of GAP-43 and NPY in the hippocampus.	Isoflurane	12-22	growth associated protein 43	Rattus norvegicus	188-194
22419464-8	2012	CONCLUSION: Isoflurane exposure in pregnant rats significantly impairs the spatial memory and learning of their pups at a juvenile age, which may be associated with the down-regulation of GAP-43 and NPY in the hippocampus.	Isoflurane	12-22	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	199-202
21965367-3	2011	The inhaled anesthetic isoflurane has been shown to induce caspase activation and increase levels of BACE and Abeta.	Isoflurane	23-33	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	101-105
22040798-0	2011	Isoflurane postconditioning induces neuroprotection via Akt activation and attenuation of increased mitochondrial membrane permeability.	Isoflurane	0-10	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
22040798-12	2011	Isoflurane postconditioning reduced oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced injury of rat cortical neuronal cultures and increased phospho-Akt in these cells.	Isoflurane	0-10	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
22040798-13	2011	The isoflurane postconditioning-induced protection in the neuronal cultures was decreased by the Akt inhibitor LY294002.	Isoflurane	4-14	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	97-100
22040798-14	2011	These results suggest that isoflurane postconditioning effects may be mediated by Akt and involve reduced mitochondrial membrane permeability.	Isoflurane	27-37	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-85
21965367-3	2011	The inhaled anesthetic isoflurane has been shown to induce caspase activation and increase levels of BACE and Abeta.	Isoflurane	23-33	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	110-115
21965367-9	2011	Two-way analysis of variance was used to assess the interactions of 2-DG and isoflurane on caspase-3 activation, and levels of BACE and ROS.	Isoflurane	77-87	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	91-100
20850773-9	2011	RESULTS: Emulsified isoflurane enhanced survival and decreased ALT, protein and WBC in BAL, liver and lung apoptosis, and the histologic score.	Isoflurane	20-30	glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble	Mus musculus	63-66
22024713-7	2011	RESULTS: Among the syntaxin suppressor mutants, js127 was the most isoflurane resistant, with an EC50 more than 3-fold that of wild type.	Isoflurane	67-77	t-SNARE coiled-coil homology domain-containing protein	Caenorhabditis elegans	19-27
22024713-10	2011	Testing of single and double mutants along with selective tissue expression of the js127 mutation revealed that acy-1 acts in neurons within a Galphas-PKA-UNC-13-dependent pathway to regulate behavior and isoflurane sensitivity.	Isoflurane	205-215	Adenylyl CYclase	Caenorhabditis elegans	112-117
22146123-9	2011	VIM and GFAP staining showed that isoflurane exposure caused a delayed reduction of astroglial processes in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus.	Isoflurane	34-44	vimentin	Mus musculus	0-3
21602751-2	2011	The aim of this study was to compare the effects of isoflurane or propofol, both supplemented with remifentanil, on the glucose, cortisol and insulin-based stress responses prospectively.	Isoflurane	52-62	insulin	Homo sapiens	142-149
21602751-13	2011	CONCLUSION: Isoflurane and propofol, both combined with remifentanil, provided clinically comparable cortisol and insulin responses to surgery in craniotomy operations, whereas propofol attenuated the increase in plasma blood glucose.	Isoflurane	12-22	insulin	Homo sapiens	114-121
21864548-2	2011	It has been shown that interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) contributes to the cognitive impairment of mice after surgery and isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	118-128	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	23-40
21864548-2	2011	It has been shown that interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) contributes to the cognitive impairment of mice after surgery and isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	118-128	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	42-50
21864548-7	2011	IL-1beta in the hippocampus was increased at 6 h after isoflurane exposure.	Isoflurane	55-65	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
21864548-8	2011	Isoflurane also increased activated caspase 3 in the hippocampus and decreased the neuronal density in the CA1 region.	Isoflurane	0-10	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	36-45
21864548-8	2011	Isoflurane also increased activated caspase 3 in the hippocampus and decreased the neuronal density in the CA1 region.	Isoflurane	0-10	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	107-110
21945086-1	2011	This study presents our findings on the extent of neuronal damage in the hippocampal CA1-4 subfields following global (forebrain) cerebral ischemia in rats when using different blood pressure levels (37 vs 45 mmHg) and bilateral carotid occlusion durations (8 vs 10 min) under isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	277-287	carbonic anhydrase 14	Rattus norvegicus	85-90
21930122-7	2011	The number of CHOP and caspase-12 positive neurons significantly increased by 138% and 147% respectively in the hippocampus of isoflurane-exposed pups, as well as the levels of CHOP and caspase-12 protein.	Isoflurane	127-137	DNA-damage inducible transcript 3	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
21930122-7	2011	The number of CHOP and caspase-12 positive neurons significantly increased by 138% and 147% respectively in the hippocampus of isoflurane-exposed pups, as well as the levels of CHOP and caspase-12 protein.	Isoflurane	127-137	caspase 12	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
21930122-7	2011	The number of CHOP and caspase-12 positive neurons significantly increased by 138% and 147% respectively in the hippocampus of isoflurane-exposed pups, as well as the levels of CHOP and caspase-12 protein.	Isoflurane	127-137	caspase 12	Rattus norvegicus	186-196
21930122-10	2011	Our study further showed that the up-regulation of CHOP and caspase-12 may contribute to isoflurane-induced neuron apoptosis.	Isoflurane	89-99	DNA-damage inducible transcript 3	Rattus norvegicus	51-55
21930122-10	2011	Our study further showed that the up-regulation of CHOP and caspase-12 may contribute to isoflurane-induced neuron apoptosis.	Isoflurane	89-99	caspase 12	Rattus norvegicus	60-70
21771175-0	2011	Erythropoietin attenuates isoflurane-induced neurodegeneration and learning deficits in the developing mouse brain.	Isoflurane	26-36	erythropoietin	Mus musculus	0-14
21771175-1	2011	OBJECTIVES: To examine whether recombinant erythropoietin (rEPO) attenuates neurodegeneration and the learning disability induced by isoflurane with the postnatal day 7 (P7) mice.	Isoflurane	133-143	erythropoietin	Mus musculus	43-57
21771175-1	2011	OBJECTIVES: To examine whether recombinant erythropoietin (rEPO) attenuates neurodegeneration and the learning disability induced by isoflurane with the postnatal day 7 (P7) mice.	Isoflurane	133-143	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	59-63
21771175-13	2011	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggested that rEPO attenuated isoflurane-induced neurodegeneration.	Isoflurane	58-68	erythropoietin	Rattus norvegicus	42-46
22146123-9	2011	VIM and GFAP staining showed that isoflurane exposure caused a delayed reduction of astroglial processes in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus.	Isoflurane	34-44	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Mus musculus	8-12
21876430-13	2011	CONCLUSIONS: Isoflurane induced O-GlcNAc modification of mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel.	Isoflurane	13-23	O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) transferase	Homo sapiens	32-40
21244349-10	2011	These results suggest that isoflurane may have dual effects (protection or promotion) on Abeta-induced toxicity, which potentially act through the Bcl-2 family proteins and cytosolic calcium.	Isoflurane	27-37	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	89-94
21244349-0	2011	The potential dual effects of anesthetic isoflurane on Abeta-induced apoptosis.	Isoflurane	41-51	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	55-60
21244349-10	2011	These results suggest that isoflurane may have dual effects (protection or promotion) on Abeta-induced toxicity, which potentially act through the Bcl-2 family proteins and cytosolic calcium.	Isoflurane	27-37	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	147-152
21244349-3	2011	However, recent research studies have suggested that the inhalation anesthetic isoflurane may promote neurotoxicity by inducing apoptosis and increasing Abeta levels.	Isoflurane	79-89	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	153-158
21244349-4	2011	We therefore set out to determine whether isoflurane can induce dose- and time-dependent dual effects on Abeta-induced apoptosis: protection versus promotion.	Isoflurane	42-52	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	105-110
21813630-0	2011	Gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptor beta3 subunit forebrain-specific knockout mice are resistant to the amnestic effect of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	127-137	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit beta 3	Mus musculus	40-45
21244349-6	2011	Here we show for the first time that the treatment with 2% isoflurane for six hours or 30 minutes potentiated, whereas the treatment with 0.5% isoflurane for six hours or 30 minutes attenuated, the Abeta-induced caspase-3 activation and apoptosis in vitro.	Isoflurane	59-69	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	198-203
21244349-6	2011	Here we show for the first time that the treatment with 2% isoflurane for six hours or 30 minutes potentiated, whereas the treatment with 0.5% isoflurane for six hours or 30 minutes attenuated, the Abeta-induced caspase-3 activation and apoptosis in vitro.	Isoflurane	59-69	caspase 3	Mus musculus	212-221
21244349-6	2011	Here we show for the first time that the treatment with 2% isoflurane for six hours or 30 minutes potentiated, whereas the treatment with 0.5% isoflurane for six hours or 30 minutes attenuated, the Abeta-induced caspase-3 activation and apoptosis in vitro.	Isoflurane	143-153	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	198-203
21244349-6	2011	Here we show for the first time that the treatment with 2% isoflurane for six hours or 30 minutes potentiated, whereas the treatment with 0.5% isoflurane for six hours or 30 minutes attenuated, the Abeta-induced caspase-3 activation and apoptosis in vitro.	Isoflurane	143-153	caspase 3	Mus musculus	212-221
21244349-7	2011	Moreover, anesthesia with 1.4% isoflurane for two hours potentiated, whereas the anesthesia with 0.7% isoflurane for 30 minutes attenuated, the Abeta-induced caspase-3 activation in vivo.	Isoflurane	31-41	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	144-149
21244349-7	2011	Moreover, anesthesia with 1.4% isoflurane for two hours potentiated, whereas the anesthesia with 0.7% isoflurane for 30 minutes attenuated, the Abeta-induced caspase-3 activation in vivo.	Isoflurane	31-41	caspase 3	Mus musculus	158-167
21244349-7	2011	Moreover, anesthesia with 1.4% isoflurane for two hours potentiated, whereas the anesthesia with 0.7% isoflurane for 30 minutes attenuated, the Abeta-induced caspase-3 activation in vivo.	Isoflurane	102-112	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	144-149
21244349-7	2011	Moreover, anesthesia with 1.4% isoflurane for two hours potentiated, whereas the anesthesia with 0.7% isoflurane for 30 minutes attenuated, the Abeta-induced caspase-3 activation in vivo.	Isoflurane	102-112	caspase 3	Mus musculus	158-167
21244349-8	2011	The high concentration isoflurane potentiated the Abeta-induced reduction in Bcl-2/Bax ratio and caused a robust elevation of cytosolic calcium levels.	Isoflurane	23-33	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	50-55
21244349-8	2011	The high concentration isoflurane potentiated the Abeta-induced reduction in Bcl-2/Bax ratio and caused a robust elevation of cytosolic calcium levels.	Isoflurane	23-33	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	77-82
21244349-8	2011	The high concentration isoflurane potentiated the Abeta-induced reduction in Bcl-2/Bax ratio and caused a robust elevation of cytosolic calcium levels.	Isoflurane	23-33	BCL2-associated X protein	Mus musculus	83-86
21244349-9	2011	The low concentration isoflurane attenuated the Abeta-induced reduction in Bcl-2/Bax ratio and caused only a mild elevation of cytosolic calcium levels.	Isoflurane	22-32	amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein	Mus musculus	48-53
21244349-9	2011	The low concentration isoflurane attenuated the Abeta-induced reduction in Bcl-2/Bax ratio and caused only a mild elevation of cytosolic calcium levels.	Isoflurane	22-32	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	75-80
21244349-9	2011	The low concentration isoflurane attenuated the Abeta-induced reduction in Bcl-2/Bax ratio and caused only a mild elevation of cytosolic calcium levels.	Isoflurane	22-32	BCL2-associated X protein	Mus musculus	81-84
22072849-0	2011	Hepatic steatosis prevents heme oxygenase-1 induction by isoflurane in the rat liver.	Isoflurane	57-67	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-43
22072849-1	2011	AIM: To characterize the inductive effects of isoflurane (ISO) on hepatic heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in an animal model of hepatic steatosis.	Isoflurane	46-56	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-90
22072849-1	2011	AIM: To characterize the inductive effects of isoflurane (ISO) on hepatic heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in an animal model of hepatic steatosis.	Isoflurane	46-56	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	92-96
22072849-1	2011	AIM: To characterize the inductive effects of isoflurane (ISO) on hepatic heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in an animal model of hepatic steatosis.	Isoflurane	58-61	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-90
22072849-1	2011	AIM: To characterize the inductive effects of isoflurane (ISO) on hepatic heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in an animal model of hepatic steatosis.	Isoflurane	58-61	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	92-96
22072849-6	2011	CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that ISO is an inducer of hepatic HO-1 gene expression in non-steatotic organs but failed to upregulate HO-1 in steatotic livers.	Isoflurane	48-51	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	77-81
21918167-14	2011	To analyze variation in protein levels, the effect of treatments with isoflurane on caspase-3 activity was dose- and time-dependent, reaching a maximal caspase-3 activity after exposure to 1 MAC for 6 hours (P&lt;0.001).	Isoflurane	70-80	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	84-93
21918167-14	2011	To analyze variation in protein levels, the effect of treatments with isoflurane on caspase-3 activity was dose- and time-dependent, reaching a maximal caspase-3 activity after exposure to 1 MAC for 6 hours (P&lt;0.001).	Isoflurane	70-80	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	152-161
21918167-15	2011	However, in the mRNA levels, hippocampal caspase-3 mRNA levels began to be significantly increased in isoflurane-treated developing rat hippocampal neurons after 6 hours of exposure to 0.25 MAC isoflurane (P&lt;0.001).	Isoflurane	102-112	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	41-50
21918167-15	2011	However, in the mRNA levels, hippocampal caspase-3 mRNA levels began to be significantly increased in isoflurane-treated developing rat hippocampal neurons after 6 hours of exposure to 0.25 MAC isoflurane (P&lt;0.001).	Isoflurane	194-204	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	41-50
21791217-9	2011	In contrast, lentiviral mediated HIF1alpha knockdown in EC decreased basal and isoflurane stimulated NO release in an eNOS dependent manner (517 +- 32 vs. 493 +- 38 pmol/mg protein) and prevented the sustained increase in NO during reoxygenation when co-cultured.	Isoflurane	79-89	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	33-42
21791217-11	2011	Isoflurane stimulated an increase in HIF1alpha in EC but not in CM under normal oxygen tension (3.5 +- 0.1 vs. 0.79 +- 0.15 fold change density) and this action was blocked by pretreatment with the Mitogen-activated Protein/Extracellular Signal-regulated Kinase inhibitor U0126.	Isoflurane	0-10	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	37-46
22092211-0	2011	Isoflurane decreases death of human embryonic stem cell-derived, transcriptional marker Nkx2.5(+)  cardiac progenitor cells.	Isoflurane	0-10	NK2 homeobox 5	Homo sapiens	88-94
22092211-15	2011	CONCLUSION: Isoflurane increased hESC-derived Nkx2.5(+) CPC survival under oxidative stress, and mitoK(ATP) channels may be involved in the protective effect.	Isoflurane	12-22	NK2 homeobox 5	Homo sapiens	46-52
22110882-11	2011	Heart rate (HR), SBP and DBP 1 and 3 min after tracheal intubation increased in the isoflurane group.	Isoflurane	84-94	DEAH-box helicase 15	Homo sapiens	25-36
21862885-9	2011	The protective effect of isoflurane with various exposure times on apoptosis was enhanced in HT29 cells overexpressing Cav-1 (P &lt; 0.001 by two-way ANOVA).	Isoflurane	25-35	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	119-124
21862885-10	2011	Pertussis toxin effectively blocked the antiapoptotic effect of isoflurane exhibited by Cav-1 in all cell lines.	Isoflurane	64-74	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	88-93
21862885-11	2011	Cav-1 cells had increased glycolysis with isoflurane exposure; however, in the presence of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand, this increase in glycolysis was maintained in HT29-Cav-1 but not control cells.	Isoflurane	42-52	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
21862885-12	2011	CONCLUSION: Brief isoflurane exposure leads to resistance against apoptosis via a Cav-1-dependent mechanism.	Isoflurane	18-28	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	82-87
21813630-9	2011	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that beta3 containing GABA(A)-Rs in the forebrain contribute to hippocampal-dependent memory suppressed by isoflurane, but not etomidate.	Isoflurane	142-152	gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) A receptor, subunit beta 3	Mus musculus	40-45
21860192-7	2011	Significantly low levels of S100beta were noted at all postdose hours in the sevoflurane group, as compared to the total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) group, and at 12 and 24 h postaortic cross clamp, in comparison to the isoflurane group.	Isoflurane	222-232	S100 calcium binding protein B	Homo sapiens	28-36
21862885-3	2011	The authors examined the effects of isoflurane exposure on apoptosis and its regulation by caveolin-1 (Cav-1).	Isoflurane	36-46	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	91-101
21862885-3	2011	The authors examined the effects of isoflurane exposure on apoptosis and its regulation by caveolin-1 (Cav-1).	Isoflurane	36-46	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	103-108
21862885-8	2011	Knockdown of Cav-1 in HCT116 cells increased the sensitivity to apoptotic stimuli but not with scrambled small interfering RNA (siRNA) treatment (19.7 +- 0.4 vs. 20.0 +- 0.6, P = 0.7786 and 19.7 +- 0.5 vs. 16.3 +- 0.4, P = 0.0012, isoflurane vs. control in Cav-1 small interfering RNA vs. scrambled small interfering RNA treated cells, respectively).	Isoflurane	231-241	caveolin 1	Homo sapiens	13-18
21651920-6	2011	Na(+) channel-specific VTD-evoked glutamate release from cortex was also significantly more sensitive to inhibition by isoflurane than was GABA release.	Isoflurane	119-129	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 8	Rattus norvegicus	0-13
21708249-9	2011	However, neuronal damage was apparent when N(2)O was combined with ISO as indicated by increased numbers of caspase-3-, Silver staining- and Fluoro-Jade C-positive cells in the frontal cortex, temporal gyrus and hippocampus.	Isoflurane	67-70	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	108-117
21651920-8	2011	Isoflurane inhibited Na(+) channel-mediated (tetrodotoxin-sensitive) 4AP-evoked glutamate release (IC(50) = 0.30 +- 0.03 mM) more potently than GABA release (IC(50) = 0.67 +- 0.04 mM) from cortex (2.2-fold greater potency).	Isoflurane	0-10	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 8	Rattus norvegicus	21-34
21651920-9	2011	The magnitude of inhibition of Na(+) channel-mediated 4AP-evoked release by a single clinical concentration of isoflurane (0.35 mM) varied by region and transmitter: Inhibition of glutamate release from spinal cord was greater than from the three brain regions and greater than GABA release for each CNS region.	Isoflurane	111-121	sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 8	Rattus norvegicus	31-44
21402126-0	2011	Effects of isoflurane on the expressed Cav2.2 currents in Xenopus oocytes depend on the activation of protein kinase Cdelta and its phosphorylation sites in the Cav2.2alpha1 subunits.	Isoflurane	11-21	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, N type, alpha 1B subunit S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	39-45
21519046-0	2011	The potential dual effects of anesthetic isoflurane on hypoxia-induced caspase-3 activation and increases in beta-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme levels.	Isoflurane	41-51	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	71-80
21519046-4	2011	However, recent studies have suggested that the inhaled anesthetic isoflurane may promote neurotoxicity by inducing caspase activation and apoptosis, and by increasing levels of BACE and Abeta.	Isoflurane	67-77	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	178-182
21519046-4	2011	However, recent studies have suggested that the inhaled anesthetic isoflurane may promote neurotoxicity by inducing caspase activation and apoptosis, and by increasing levels of BACE and Abeta.	Isoflurane	67-77	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	187-192
21519046-5	2011	We therefore sought to determine whether isoflurane can induce concentration-dependent dual effects on hypoxia-induced caspase-3 activation and increases in BACE levels: protection versus promotion.	Isoflurane	41-51	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	119-128
21519046-5	2011	We therefore sought to determine whether isoflurane can induce concentration-dependent dual effects on hypoxia-induced caspase-3 activation and increases in BACE levels: protection versus promotion.	Isoflurane	41-51	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	157-161
21519046-8	2011	RESULTS: We show for the first time that treatment with 0.5% isoflurane for 8 hours attenuated, whereas treatment with 2% isoflurane for 8 hours enhanced, hypoxia-induced caspase-3 activation and increases in BACE levels.	Isoflurane	61-71	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	171-180
21519046-8	2011	RESULTS: We show for the first time that treatment with 0.5% isoflurane for 8 hours attenuated, whereas treatment with 2% isoflurane for 8 hours enhanced, hypoxia-induced caspase-3 activation and increases in BACE levels.	Isoflurane	61-71	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	209-213
21519046-8	2011	RESULTS: We show for the first time that treatment with 0.5% isoflurane for 8 hours attenuated, whereas treatment with 2% isoflurane for 8 hours enhanced, hypoxia-induced caspase-3 activation and increases in BACE levels.	Isoflurane	122-132	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	171-180
21519046-8	2011	RESULTS: We show for the first time that treatment with 0.5% isoflurane for 8 hours attenuated, whereas treatment with 2% isoflurane for 8 hours enhanced, hypoxia-induced caspase-3 activation and increases in BACE levels.	Isoflurane	122-132	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	209-213
21519046-9	2011	The 2% isoflurane treatment also enhanced a hypoxia-induced decrease in Bcl-2 levels.	Isoflurane	7-17	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	72-77
21519046-10	2011	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest a potential concept that isoflurane has dual effects (protection versus promotion) on hypoxia-induced toxicity, which may act through Bcl-2 family proteins.	Isoflurane	60-70	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	169-174
21291422-6	2011	A joint isoflurane and propofol anaesthesia regimen synergistically reduced plasma levels of cTnI (cardiac troponin I) and CK-MB (creatine kinase MB) and f-FABP (heart-type fatty acid-binding protein) (all P &lt; 0.05 compared with control, group P or group I) and facilitated postoperative myocardial functional recovery.	Isoflurane	8-18	troponin I3, cardiac type	Homo sapiens	93-97
21291422-6	2011	A joint isoflurane and propofol anaesthesia regimen synergistically reduced plasma levels of cTnI (cardiac troponin I) and CK-MB (creatine kinase MB) and f-FABP (heart-type fatty acid-binding protein) (all P &lt; 0.05 compared with control, group P or group I) and facilitated postoperative myocardial functional recovery.	Isoflurane	8-18	troponin I3, cardiac type	Homo sapiens	99-117
21334141-5	2011	Control and BBS-2 groups received 40% total body surface area 3rd-degree cutaneous burn and cotton smoke insufflation into the lungs under isoflurane anaesthesia.	Isoflurane	139-149	Bardet-Biedl syndrome 2 protein	Ovis aries	12-17
21606109-4	2011	Unexpectedly, cells expressing Cx45, but not other Cxs, exhibited full coupling recovery after alkalization with NH4Cl under the continuous presence of LCCAs, isoflurane and mefloquine.	Isoflurane	159-169	gap junction protein gamma 1	Homo sapiens	31-35
21562401-8	2011	TMN orexin-saporin lesion or intracerebroventricular administration of triprolidine (an H1 receptor antagonist) decreased the 50% effective concentration for loss of righting reflex value and prolonged emergence time to isoflurane anesthesia.	Isoflurane	220-230	hypocretin neuropeptide precursor	Rattus norvegicus	4-10
21565202-2	2011	The aim of this study was to investigate whether isoflurane preconditioning provides a protection against renal ischemic-reperfusion injury and whether hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) is responsible for the protection afforded by isoflurane in mice.	Isoflurane	245-255	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	152-184
21565202-2	2011	The aim of this study was to investigate whether isoflurane preconditioning provides a protection against renal ischemic-reperfusion injury and whether hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) is responsible for the protection afforded by isoflurane in mice.	Isoflurane	245-255	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	186-197
21565202-6	2011	KEY FINDINGS: Survival rate and the expression of HIF-1 alpha and erythropoietin were significantly increased while apoptosis, renal tubule score, blood plasma creatinine and urea were decreased by isoflurane preconditioning.	Isoflurane	198-208	erythropoietin	Mus musculus	66-80
21565202-7	2011	HIF-1 alpha siRNA but not scrambled siRNA injection abrogated the protective effect of isoflurane preconditioning.	Isoflurane	87-97	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	0-11
21565202-8	2011	SIGNIFICANCE: Our data suggested that isoflurane preconditioning provided a protection against renal ischemic-reperfusion injury which is very likely due to hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha upregulation.	Isoflurane	38-48	hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit	Mus musculus	157-189
21402126-0	2011	Effects of isoflurane on the expressed Cav2.2 currents in Xenopus oocytes depend on the activation of protein kinase Cdelta and its phosphorylation sites in the Cav2.2alpha1 subunits.	Isoflurane	11-21	caveolin 2 L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	161-173
21402126-3	2011	Isoflurane (0.70 mM) decreased both Ca(v)2.1 and 2.2 currents by 20-35% and also caused translocation of PKCdelta to the membrane.	Isoflurane	0-10	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, P/Q type, alpha 1A subunit S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	36-44
21402126-3	2011	Isoflurane (0.70 mM) decreased both Ca(v)2.1 and 2.2 currents by 20-35% and also caused translocation of PKCdelta to the membrane.	Isoflurane	0-10	protein kinase C delta L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	105-113
21402126-4	2011	Compared to the wild type (WT), isoflurane caused greater inhibition of Ca(v)2.2 currents in the absence of stimulatory PKC sites (Thr-422, Ser-1757, Ser-2108, Ser-2132) and in the presence of inhibitory PKC site (Ser-425).	Isoflurane	32-42	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, N type, alpha 1B subunit S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	72-80
21402126-6	2011	PKCdelta by itself did not modulate Ca(v)2.2 currents, but potentiated these currents in the presence of isoflurane.	Isoflurane	105-115	protein kinase C delta L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	0-8
21402126-9	2011	Yet the presence of isoflurane caused PMA (but not MCh) to enhance Ca(v)2.1 currents.	Isoflurane	20-30	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, P/Q type, alpha 1A subunit S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	67-75
21402126-11	2011	However, in the presence of isoflurane, these two isozymes together potentiated Ca(v)2.1 currents.	Isoflurane	28-38	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, P/Q type, alpha 1A subunit S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	80-88
21402126-12	2011	The variable responses of Ca(v)2.1 currents to PKCbetaII and PKCepsilon and Ca(v)2.2 currents to PKCdelta in the presence of isoflurane may be due to increased affinity or accessibility of these isozymes to their Ser/Thr PKC sites of Ca(v)alpha1 subunits.	Isoflurane	125-135	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, P/Q type, alpha 1A subunit S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	26-34
21402126-12	2011	The variable responses of Ca(v)2.1 currents to PKCbetaII and PKCepsilon and Ca(v)2.2 currents to PKCdelta in the presence of isoflurane may be due to increased affinity or accessibility of these isozymes to their Ser/Thr PKC sites of Ca(v)alpha1 subunits.	Isoflurane	125-135	calcium channel, voltage-dependent, N type, alpha 1B subunit S homeolog	Xenopus laevis	76-84
21402126-12	2011	The variable responses of Ca(v)2.1 currents to PKCbetaII and PKCepsilon and Ca(v)2.2 currents to PKCdelta in the presence of isoflurane may be due to increased affinity or accessibility of these isozymes to their Ser/Thr PKC sites of Ca(v)alpha1 subunits.	Isoflurane	125-135	protein kinase C delta L homeolog	Xenopus laevis	97-105
22146340-0	2011	RNA interference-mediated silencing of BACE and APP attenuates the isoflurane-induced caspase activation.	Isoflurane	67-77	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	39-43
22146340-1	2011	BACKGROUND: beta-Amyloid protein (Abeta) has been shown to potentiate the caspase-3 activation induced by the commonly used inhalation anesthetic isoflurane.	Isoflurane	146-156	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	34-39
22146340-1	2011	BACKGROUND: beta-Amyloid protein (Abeta) has been shown to potentiate the caspase-3 activation induced by the commonly used inhalation anesthetic isoflurane.	Isoflurane	146-156	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	74-83
22146340-2	2011	However, it is unknown whether reduction in Abeta levels can attenuate the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation.	Isoflurane	75-85	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	94-103
22146340-3	2011	We therefore set out to determine the effects of RNA interference-mediated silencing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme (BACE) on the levels of Abeta and the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation.	Isoflurane	192-202	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	124-153
22146340-3	2011	We therefore set out to determine the effects of RNA interference-mediated silencing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme (BACE) on the levels of Abeta and the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation.	Isoflurane	192-202	beta-secretase 1	Homo sapiens	155-159
22146340-3	2011	We therefore set out to determine the effects of RNA interference-mediated silencing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme (BACE) on the levels of Abeta and the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation.	Isoflurane	192-202	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	211-220
22146340-9	2011	Moreover, the treatment attenuates the Abeta levels and the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation.	Isoflurane	60-70	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	79-88
22146340-10	2011	These results further suggest a potential role of Abeta in the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation such that the reduction in Abeta levels attenuates the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation.	Isoflurane	63-73	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	50-55
22146340-10	2011	These results further suggest a potential role of Abeta in the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation such that the reduction in Abeta levels attenuates the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation.	Isoflurane	63-73	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	82-91
22146340-10	2011	These results further suggest a potential role of Abeta in the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation such that the reduction in Abeta levels attenuates the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation.	Isoflurane	63-73	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	130-135
22146340-10	2011	These results further suggest a potential role of Abeta in the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation such that the reduction in Abeta levels attenuates the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation.	Isoflurane	63-73	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	177-186
22146340-10	2011	These results further suggest a potential role of Abeta in the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation such that the reduction in Abeta levels attenuates the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation.	Isoflurane	158-168	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	50-55
22146340-10	2011	These results further suggest a potential role of Abeta in the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation such that the reduction in Abeta levels attenuates the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation.	Isoflurane	158-168	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	82-91
22146340-10	2011	These results further suggest a potential role of Abeta in the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation such that the reduction in Abeta levels attenuates the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation.	Isoflurane	158-168	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	130-135
22146340-10	2011	These results further suggest a potential role of Abeta in the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation such that the reduction in Abeta levels attenuates the isoflurane-induced caspase-3 activation.	Isoflurane	158-168	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	177-186
21385989-4	2011	Previous clinical studies reported that propofol and isoflurane reduced IL-2 level in patients, but midazolam did not.	Isoflurane	53-63	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	72-76
21385989-5	2011	We previously demonstrated that isoflurane inhibited LFA-1 binding to its counter ligand, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), which might contribute to the reduction of IL-2 levels.	Isoflurane	32-42	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	53-58
21385989-5	2011	We previously demonstrated that isoflurane inhibited LFA-1 binding to its counter ligand, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), which might contribute to the reduction of IL-2 levels.	Isoflurane	32-42	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	90-123
21385989-5	2011	We previously demonstrated that isoflurane inhibited LFA-1 binding to its counter ligand, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), which might contribute to the reduction of IL-2 levels.	Isoflurane	32-42	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	125-131
21385989-5	2011	We previously demonstrated that isoflurane inhibited LFA-1 binding to its counter ligand, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), which might contribute to the reduction of IL-2 levels.	Isoflurane	32-42	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	177-181
21418043-0	2011	The role of connexin36 gap junctions in modulating the hypnotic effects of isoflurane and propofol in mice.	Isoflurane	75-85	gap junction protein, delta 2	Mus musculus	12-22
21418043-2	2011	We measured the sensitivity of connexin36 knockout mice to the hypnotic effects of isoflurane and propofol.	Isoflurane	83-93	gap junction protein, delta 2	Mus musculus	31-41
21418043-4	2011	Connexin36 knockout animals were more sensitive to the hypnotic effects of isoflurane than "normal" wild-type animals.	Isoflurane	75-85	gap junction protein, delta 2	Mus musculus	0-10
21277352-11	2011	Isoflurane post-treatment also significantly increased the phosphorylation of GSK3beta at Ser9 at 1 h after the OGD.	Isoflurane	0-10	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta	Homo sapiens	78-86