PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
17183878-6	2006	Enhancement of the zone of inhibition of the oxyimino-lactam caused by the synergy of the clavulanate in the amoxicillin-clavulanate disk was considered as evidence of ESbL production.	Clavulanic Acid	90-101	CTX-M-15	Klebsiella pneumoniae	168-172
16251194-4	2006	Disruption of orf15 or orf16, of the clavulanic acid biosynthesis gene cluster, blocks clavulanic acid production and leads to the accumulation of N-acetyl-glycyl-clavaminic acid and N-glycyl-clavaminic acid, suggesting that these compounds are intermediates in the pathway.	Clavulanic Acid	37-52	hypothetical protein	Escherichia coli	14-19
16870757-6	2006	A recombinant Escherichia coli strain carrying the bla(FUS-1) gene exhibited resistance to amoxicillin with a moderate decrease in the MICs with clavulanic acid.	Clavulanic Acid	145-160	beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	51-54
16251194-0	2006	ORF17 from the clavulanic acid biosynthesis gene cluster catalyzes the ATP-dependent formation of N-glycyl-clavaminic acid.	Clavulanic Acid	15-30	putative transposase	Escherichia coli	0-5
16251194-4	2006	Disruption of orf15 or orf16, of the clavulanic acid biosynthesis gene cluster, blocks clavulanic acid production and leads to the accumulation of N-acetyl-glycyl-clavaminic acid and N-glycyl-clavaminic acid, suggesting that these compounds are intermediates in the pathway.	Clavulanic Acid	37-52	hypothetical protein	Escherichia coli	23-28
16251194-4	2006	Disruption of orf15 or orf16, of the clavulanic acid biosynthesis gene cluster, blocks clavulanic acid production and leads to the accumulation of N-acetyl-glycyl-clavaminic acid and N-glycyl-clavaminic acid, suggesting that these compounds are intermediates in the pathway.	Clavulanic Acid	87-102	hypothetical protein	Escherichia coli	14-19
16251194-4	2006	Disruption of orf15 or orf16, of the clavulanic acid biosynthesis gene cluster, blocks clavulanic acid production and leads to the accumulation of N-acetyl-glycyl-clavaminic acid and N-glycyl-clavaminic acid, suggesting that these compounds are intermediates in the pathway.	Clavulanic Acid	87-102	hypothetical protein	Escherichia coli	23-28
16251194-10	2006	The specificity of ORF17 as an N-glycyl-clavaminic acid synthetase, together with the reported accumulation of N-glycyl-clavaminic acid in orf15 and orf16 disruption mutants, suggested that N-glycyl-clavaminic acid is an intermediate in clavulanic acid biosynthesis.	Clavulanic Acid	237-252	putative transposase	Escherichia coli	19-24
16239287-4	2005	RESULTS: Clavulanic acid, cefoxitin and cefaloridine were the most potent inhibitors of IFN-gamma activity, followed by cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and phenoxymethylpenicillin.	Clavulanic Acid	9-24	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	88-97
15987690-4	2005	Unfortunately, the emergence of clavulanic acid-resistant variants of TEM-1 and SHV-1 beta-lactamase significantly compromise the efficacy of this combination.	Clavulanic Acid	32-47	CD248 molecule	Homo sapiens	70-75
15150168-1	2004	OBJECTIVES: In this study, we evaluated the performance of a new ESBL Etest configuration based on clavulanate synergy with cefepime compared with cefotaxime-clavulanate and ceftazidime-clavulanate ESBL Etest strips for the detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) in an Enterobacteriaceae strain collection, with special focus on Enterobacter spp.	Clavulanic Acid	99-110	EsbL	Klebsiella oxytoca	65-69
15949189-2	2005	Of the 250 E. coli isolates investigated, all of which came from patients in a major hospital in southern Lebanon, 61 (13.3%) were found to have ESBL, their production of beta-lactamase being confirmed by the ceftazidime and ceftazidime/clavulanic-acid disc methods.	Clavulanic Acid	237-252	EsbL	Escherichia coli	145-149
15728883-8	2005	These results demonstrate the bacteriological efficacy of pharmacokinetically enhanced amoxicillin-clavulanate 2,000/125 mg twice a day (ratio 16:1) against S. pneumoniae with amoxicillin-clavulanic acid MICs of at least 4/2 microg/ml and support clavulanate 125 mg twice a day as sufficient to protect against beta-lactamase in this rat model.	Clavulanic Acid	99-110	beta-lactamase TEM-1	Haemophilus influenzae	311-325
15301679-1	2004	During a survey of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Bulgaria in 2001-2002, three isolates from Sofia (two Escherichia coli, one Klebsiella pneumoniae) showed cefotaxime MICs that were decreased in the presence of clavulanate and were 2-8-fold higher than those of ceftazidime.	Clavulanic Acid	252-263	EsbL	Escherichia coli	19-51
15518561-1	2004	A bacterial response to the clinical use of class A beta-lactamase inhibitors such as tazobactam and clavulanic acid is the expression of variant beta-lactamases with weaker binding affinities for these mechanism-based inhibitors.	Clavulanic Acid	101-116	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	50-56
15471997-5	2004	RESULTS: The MicroScan MIC-based clavulanate synergy correctly classified 50 of 57 ESBL strains as ESBL-positive and 23 of 30 non-ESBL strains as ESBL-negative (yielding a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 76.7%, respectively).	Clavulanic Acid	33-44	EsbL	Escherichia coli	83-87
15471997-5	2004	RESULTS: The MicroScan MIC-based clavulanate synergy correctly classified 50 of 57 ESBL strains as ESBL-positive and 23 of 30 non-ESBL strains as ESBL-negative (yielding a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 76.7%, respectively).	Clavulanic Acid	33-44	EsbL	Escherichia coli	99-103
15471997-5	2004	RESULTS: The MicroScan MIC-based clavulanate synergy correctly classified 50 of 57 ESBL strains as ESBL-positive and 23 of 30 non-ESBL strains as ESBL-negative (yielding a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 76.7%, respectively).	Clavulanic Acid	33-44	EsbL	Escherichia coli	99-103
15471997-5	2004	RESULTS: The MicroScan MIC-based clavulanate synergy correctly classified 50 of 57 ESBL strains as ESBL-positive and 23 of 30 non-ESBL strains as ESBL-negative (yielding a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 76.7%, respectively).	Clavulanic Acid	33-44	EsbL	Escherichia coli	99-103
15471997-9	2004	CONCLUSION: The MicroScan clavulanate synergy test proved to be a valuable tool for ESBL confirmation.	Clavulanic Acid	26-37	EsbL	Escherichia coli	84-88
15471997-11	2004	and in discriminating ESBL-related resistance from the K1 enzyme and from inherent clavulanate susceptibility in Acinetobacter spp.	Clavulanic Acid	83-94	EsbL	Escherichia coli	22-26
12615876-4	2003	Detection of KPC-2 may be a problem for clinical laboratories because in this study it was associated with positive extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) confirmation tests (clavulanate-potentiated activities of ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefepime and aztreonam).	Clavulanic Acid	176-187	carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase KPC-2	Klebsiella pneumoniae	13-18
14742206-9	2004	A beta-lactamase inhibitor test was helpful in distinguishing the two types of resistance but was not definitive since 24% of clinical isolates producing AmpC beta-lactamase had a positive response to clavulanic acid.	Clavulanic Acid	201-216	beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	154-158
14638498-11	2003	The kinetic studies revealed that KPC-2 was inhibited by clavulanic acid and tazobactam.	Clavulanic Acid	57-72	KPC-2	Escherichia coli	34-39
12843054-3	2003	For 21 of 131 (16%) isolates, the ESBL confirmatory test was positive; i.e., the BMD MICs of ceftazidime or cefotaxime decreased by >/=3 doubling dilutions in the presence of clavulanic acid (CA) or the disk diffusion zone diameters increased by >/=5 mm around ceftazidime or cefotaxime disks in the presence of CA.	Clavulanic Acid	178-193	EsbL	Escherichia coli	34-38
14534312-2	2003	In TEM-1 and SHV-1, the common class A beta-lactamases, alterations at Ser-130 confer resistance to inactivation by the beta-lactamase inhibitors, clavulanic acid, and tazobactam.	Clavulanic Acid	147-162	hypothetical protein	Escherichia coli	3-8
12615876-4	2003	Detection of KPC-2 may be a problem for clinical laboratories because in this study it was associated with positive extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) confirmation tests (clavulanate-potentiated activities of ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefepime and aztreonam).	Clavulanic Acid	176-187	beta-lactamase	Klebsiella pneumoniae	134-148
12558458-11	2003	Although in in vitro tests ESBLs are inhibited by beta-lactamase inhibitors such as clavulanic acid, the activity of beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor combination agents is influenced by the bacterial inoculum, dose administration regimen and specific type of ESBL present.	Clavulanic Acid	84-99	EsbL	Escherichia coli	27-31
12517841-3	2003	ESBL production was confirmed by disk diffusion assay using cefpodoxime (CPD), cefotaxime (CTX), and ceftazidime (CTZ) with and without clavulanate (CLAV).	Clavulanic Acid	136-147	EsbL	Escherichia coli	0-4
12517841-3	2003	ESBL production was confirmed by disk diffusion assay using cefpodoxime (CPD), cefotaxime (CTX), and ceftazidime (CTZ) with and without clavulanate (CLAV).	Clavulanic Acid	149-153	EsbL	Escherichia coli	0-4
12435677-8	2002	For high-level or intermediate-level beta-lactamase-producing strains, the existence of a clavulanate concentration threshold of 1.5 to 2 micro g/ml, below which there was no bactericidal activity, was demonstrated.	Clavulanic Acid	90-101	beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	37-51
12435677-9	2002	The index of surviving bacteria showed the existence of mixed concentration- and time-dependent actions of amoxicillin (in the presence of clavulanate) which varied as a function of the magnitude of beta-lactamase production by the test strains.	Clavulanic Acid	139-150	beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	199-213
11985581-0	2002	ORF6 from the clavulanic acid gene cluster of Streptomyces clavuligerus has ornithine acetyltransferase activity.	Clavulanic Acid	14-29	hypothetical protein	Escherichia coli	0-4
12445009-10	2002	CONCLUSIONS: For practical reasons, we would recommend use of either the Jarlier test or the commercial cephalosporin disks containing clavulanic acid to screen for ESBL producers.	Clavulanic Acid	135-150	EsbL	Escherichia coli	165-169
12183230-7	2002	Thus, in addition to the previously characterized clavulanic acid-inhibited extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CGA-1 of Ambler class A, C. gleum produces a very likely chromosome-borne class B beta-lactamase.	Clavulanic Acid	50-65	beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	94-108
11959554-8	2002	(iii) NB2001 activity against beta-lactamase-producing E. coli is decreased in the presence of the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid.	Clavulanic Acid	124-139	beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	30-44
11959554-8	2002	(iii) NB2001 activity against beta-lactamase-producing E. coli is decreased in the presence of the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid.	Clavulanic Acid	124-139	beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	99-113
11985581-2	2002	The orf6 gene of the clavulanic acid biosynthetic gene cluster in S. clavuligerus encodes a protein that shows sequence homology to ornithine acetyltransferase (OAT), the fifth enzyme of the arginine biosynthetic pathway.	Clavulanic Acid	21-36	hypothetical protein	Escherichia coli	4-8
11870868-8	2002	For instance, the clinically used inhibitor clavulanic acid and the beta-lactamase-resistant beta-lactams moxalactam and imipenem destabilize TEM-1 by over 2.6C (1.2 kcal/mol) in their covalent adducts.	Clavulanic Acid	44-59	CD248 molecule	Homo sapiens	142-147
11807680-2	2002	Of 33 nonrepetitive clinical isolates, 31 produced a VEB-1-like clavulanic acid-inhibited extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL).	Clavulanic Acid	64-79	Beta lactamase	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	108-122
11502506-12	2001	The stepwise mutations that lead to a non-ESBL (SHV-25) and the beta-lactamase (SHV-26) with reduced susceptibility to clavulanic acid are possibly derived from SHV-11 and SHV-1, respectively.	Clavulanic Acid	119-134	beta-lactamase	Klebsiella pneumoniae	64-78
11327849-5	2001	Results are discussed in relation to the mechanism-based inhibition of class A beta-lactamases by the similar inhibitors sulbactam and clavulanic acid.	Clavulanic Acid	135-150	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	77-83
11257029-3	2001	The beta-lactamase activity against imipenem and meropenem was inhibited in the presence of clavulanic acid.	Clavulanic Acid	92-107	beta-lactamase	Klebsiella pneumoniae	4-18
10952583-2	2000	A consistent reduction in the MICs of oxyimino-beta-lactams by at least 3 twofold dilutions in the presence of clavulanic acid confirmed the utility of K. pneumoniae K6 as a quality control strain for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) detection.	Clavulanic Acid	111-126	CTX-M-15	Klebsiella pneumoniae	201-233
11036023-6	2000	However, BES-1 differed from CTX-M enzymes by its significant ceftazidime-hydrolyzing activity (k(cat), 25 s(-1)), high affinity for aztreonam (K(i), 1 microM), and lower susceptibility to tazobactam (50% inhibitory concentration [IC(50)], 0.820 microM) than to clavulanate (IC(50), 0.045 microM).	Clavulanic Acid	262-273	BES-1	Serratia marcescens	9-14
11114163-2	2001	Natural variants of TEM-1 with increased antibiotic resistance have appeared in response to the use of extended-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics (e.g., ceftazidime) and beta-lactamase inhibitors (e.g., clavulanic acid).	Clavulanic Acid	202-217	CD248 molecule	Homo sapiens	20-25
10913275-3	2000	Clavaminate synthase (CS2) is an unusual member of this enzyme family that mediates three different, nonsequential reactions during the biosynthesis of the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid.	Clavulanic Acid	181-196	chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 2	Homo sapiens	22-25
10746193-1	1999	MICs of various beta-lactam antibiotics by themselves and in combination with beta-lactamase inhibitor (clavulanic acid) against extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae which were isolated from clinical materials were investigated.	Clavulanic Acid	104-119	EsbL	Escherichia coli	163-167
10741001-7	2000	Since the CAZ-resistance decreased (MIC, 64 micrograms/ml-->0.13 microgram/ml) by the presence of clavulanate (CVA) in this isolate, this strain was speculated to be an extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producer at an early stage of infection.	Clavulanic Acid	101-112	beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	190-204
10741001-7	2000	Since the CAZ-resistance decreased (MIC, 64 micrograms/ml-->0.13 microgram/ml) by the presence of clavulanate (CVA) in this isolate, this strain was speculated to be an extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producer at an early stage of infection.	Clavulanic Acid	101-112	EsbL	Escherichia coli	206-210
10741001-7	2000	Since the CAZ-resistance decreased (MIC, 64 micrograms/ml-->0.13 microgram/ml) by the presence of clavulanate (CVA) in this isolate, this strain was speculated to be an extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producer at an early stage of infection.	Clavulanic Acid	114-117	beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	190-204
10741001-7	2000	Since the CAZ-resistance decreased (MIC, 64 micrograms/ml-->0.13 microgram/ml) by the presence of clavulanate (CVA) in this isolate, this strain was speculated to be an extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producer at an early stage of infection.	Clavulanic Acid	114-117	EsbL	Escherichia coli	206-210
11050776-2	2000	These enzymes have arisen by mutation of the genes coding for clavulanate-sensitive, plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases such as TEM-1, TEM-2 and SHV-1.	Clavulanic Acid	62-73	hypothetical protein	Escherichia coli	126-131
10877515-4	2000	Beta-lactamase production of the clavulanate-resistant strains was further investigated by analytical isoelectric focusing (pI).	Clavulanic Acid	33-44	beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	0-14
10877515-7	2000	Beta-lactamase assays revealed that hyperproduction of these enzymes was the predominant mechanism for clavulanate resistance.	Clavulanic Acid	103-114	beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	0-14
10423234-0	1999	X-ray structure of the Asn276Asp variant of the Escherichia coli TEM-1 beta-lactamase: direct observation of electrostatic modulation in resistance to inactivation by clavulanic acid.	Clavulanic Acid	167-182	TEM-1 beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	65-85
10423234-5	1999	In this study, we have characterized the kinetic properties of the inhibition process of the wild-type TEM-1 beta-lactamase and of its Asn276Asp variant with the three clinically used inactivators, clavulanic acid (clavulanate), sulbactam, and tazobactam, and we report the X-ray structure for the mutant variant at 2.3 A resolution.	Clavulanic Acid	198-213	TEM-1 beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	103-123
9990476-8	1999	Addition of the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanate completely reversed the inoculum effect in beta-lactamase (TEM-1 and ROB-1) positive strains of H. influenzae with all beta-lactams tested.	Clavulanic Acid	41-52	beta-lactamase TEM-1	Haemophilus influenzae	16-30
10573961-8	1999	Recently, the emergence of E. coli strain resistant to combination of amoxycillin and clavulanate, due to hyperproduction of TEM-1 beta-lactamase, was observed.	Clavulanic Acid	86-97	TEM-1 beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	125-145
10331993-1	1999	Beta-lactamase inhibitors (clavulanic acid, tazobactam, and sulbactam) greatly enhance the therapeutic efficacy of their partner antibiotics (amoxacillin, ampicillin, piperacillin, and ticarcillin) against common enteric and non-enteric organisms possessing class A beta-lactamases.	Clavulanic Acid	27-42	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	264-270
10234838-2	1999	Clavulanic acid restored the ceftazidime activity, thus suggesting an extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL).	Clavulanic Acid	0-15	EsbL	Escherichia coli	104-108
10103192-6	1999	In contrast, amoxicillin susceptibility was not sufficiently restored when 2 micrograms of clavulanate per ml was used, particularly in moderate (mean beta-lactamase activity, 50.8 mU/mg of protein) and high-level (215 mU/mg) TEM-1 beta-lactamase producer isolates.	Clavulanic Acid	91-102	TEM-1 beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	226-246
10350372-2	1999	The recent emergence of bacterial strains producing inhibitor-resistant TEM (IRT) enzymes could be related to the frequent use of beta-lactamase inhibitors such as clavulanic acid, sulbactam and tazobactam in hospitals and in general practice.	Clavulanic Acid	164-179	MFT2	Homo sapiens	72-75
9990476-8	1999	Addition of the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanate completely reversed the inoculum effect in beta-lactamase (TEM-1 and ROB-1) positive strains of H. influenzae with all beta-lactams tested.	Clavulanic Acid	41-52	beta-lactamase TEM-1	Haemophilus influenzae	96-110
9990476-8	1999	Addition of the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanate completely reversed the inoculum effect in beta-lactamase (TEM-1 and ROB-1) positive strains of H. influenzae with all beta-lactams tested.	Clavulanic Acid	41-52	beta-lactamase	Haemophilus influenzae	112-117
9990476-8	1999	Addition of the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanate completely reversed the inoculum effect in beta-lactamase (TEM-1 and ROB-1) positive strains of H. influenzae with all beta-lactams tested.	Clavulanic Acid	41-52	Rob-1	Haemophilus influenzae	122-127
9876053-2	1998	ESBL production was demonstrated by an 8-fold reduction in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of ceftazidime combined with clavulanate (2 mg/L) compared to ceftazidime alone in all strains.	Clavulanic Acid	131-142	CTX-M-15	Klebsiella pneumoniae	0-4
9660985-5	1998	Clavulanic acid concentrations achievable in serum that changed over time allowed amoxicillin to act against the beta-lactamase-producing methicillin-resistant S. aureus to a similar extent as vancomycin.	Clavulanic Acid	0-15	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	113-127
9710678-4	1998	The plasmid-mediated cephalosporinases (MIR-1, FOX-1, MOX-1, BIL-1, CMY-1, CMY-2, and LAT-1) hydrolyze extended-spectrum cephalosporins and cephamycins and are not inhibited by clavulanic acid.	Clavulanic Acid	177-192	fibronectin type III and SPRY domain containing 1 like	Homo sapiens	40-45
9710678-4	1998	The plasmid-mediated cephalosporinases (MIR-1, FOX-1, MOX-1, BIL-1, CMY-1, CMY-2, and LAT-1) hydrolyze extended-spectrum cephalosporins and cephamycins and are not inhibited by clavulanic acid.	Clavulanic Acid	177-192	RNA binding fox-1 homolog 1	Homo sapiens	47-52
9710678-4	1998	The plasmid-mediated cephalosporinases (MIR-1, FOX-1, MOX-1, BIL-1, CMY-1, CMY-2, and LAT-1) hydrolyze extended-spectrum cephalosporins and cephamycins and are not inhibited by clavulanic acid.	Clavulanic Acid	177-192	mesenchyme homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	54-59
9710678-4	1998	The plasmid-mediated cephalosporinases (MIR-1, FOX-1, MOX-1, BIL-1, CMY-1, CMY-2, and LAT-1) hydrolyze extended-spectrum cephalosporins and cephamycins and are not inhibited by clavulanic acid.	Clavulanic Acid	177-192	solute carrier family 7 member 5	Homo sapiens	86-91
9186563-3	1997	Clavulanate and penam sulphones (sulbactam and tazobactam) were more active against TEM-1 and OXA-1, but were less active against TEM-3 and cephalosporinase (Case) than SYN-1012.	Clavulanic Acid	0-11	CD248 antigen, endosialin	Mus musculus	84-89
9527373-10	1997	The inhibitory efficacy of sulbactam, clavulanic acid and tazobactam over TEM-1 is inversely proportional to the amounts of enzyme produced.	Clavulanic Acid	38-53	hypothetical protein	Escherichia coli	74-79
9186563-3	1997	Clavulanate and penam sulphones (sulbactam and tazobactam) were more active against TEM-1 and OXA-1, but were less active against TEM-3 and cephalosporinase (Case) than SYN-1012.	Clavulanic Acid	0-11	joined toes	Mus musculus	169-172
7669831-6	1995	The calibration graphs were linear in the range 2.0-56.0 micrograms ml-1 for cefsulodin and 2.0-28.0 micrograms ml-1 for clavulanic acid.	Clavulanic Acid	121-136	interleukin 17F	Homo sapiens	112-116
9099233-0	1997	Mass spectrometric studies on the inhibition of TEM-2 beta-lactamase by clavulanic acid derivatives.	Clavulanic Acid	72-87	RASD family member 2	Homo sapiens	48-53
18611801-2	1997	Tazobactam and clavulanate were potent inhibitors of TEM-1, SHV-1, SHV-2 and SHV-5 while sulbactam was less effective.	Clavulanic Acid	15-26	CD248 molecule	Homo sapiens	53-58
9124843-0	1996	Postantibiotic and post-beta-lactamase inhibitor effects of amoxicillin plus clavulanate.	Clavulanic Acid	77-88	beta-lactamase TEM-1	Haemophilus influenzae	24-38
8851581-3	1996	The beta-lactamase PER-2 (formerly ceftibutenase-1; CTI-1) is highly susceptible to inhibition by clavulanate and is located at a pI of 5.4 after isoelectric focusing.	Clavulanic Acid	98-109	period circadian regulator 2	Homo sapiens	19-24
8708742-9	1996	The highest rate of susceptibility to ticarcillin/clavulanic acid (100%) was detected among E. faecalis (MIC 2-16 micrograms/ml), B. catarrhalis (MIC 1-4 micrograms/ml) and Haemophilus spp.	Clavulanic Acid	50-65	growth differentiation factor 15	Homo sapiens	146-151
7486932-4	1995	All of the beta-lactamase inhibitors tested had poorer inhibitory activities at pH 5.8 than at pH 7.5 except clavulanic acid for TEM-1.	Clavulanic Acid	109-124	CD248 molecule	Homo sapiens	129-134
7791208-0	1995	Back mutations to the TEM-1 beta-lactamase from TRC-1 lead to restored sensitivity to clavulanic acid.	Clavulanic Acid	86-101	TEM-1 beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	22-42
7791208-4	1995	The revertant beta-lactamase had the same pI as TEM-1 (5.4) and had restored inhibition by clavulanic acid (ID50 reduced from 4.2 microM to 0.15 microM).	Clavulanic Acid	91-106	beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	14-28
7791208-4	1995	The revertant beta-lactamase had the same pI as TEM-1 (5.4) and had restored inhibition by clavulanic acid (ID50 reduced from 4.2 microM to 0.15 microM).	Clavulanic Acid	91-106	hypothetical protein	Escherichia coli	48-53
7669831-7	1995	The lower detection limits of cefsulodin and clavulinic acid (P 0.05 level) were calculated to be 0.16 and 0.24 microgram ml-1, respectively.	Clavulanic Acid	45-60	interleukin 17F	Homo sapiens	122-126
7640670-5	1995	The enzyme was as efficiently inhibited by clavulanic acid and tazobactam as the TEM-1 and TEM-2 beta-lactamases but more than the amoxycillin-clavulanic acid-resistant TRC-1 enzyme.	Clavulanic Acid	43-58	hypothetical protein	Escherichia coli	81-86
7726509-2	1995	These beta-lactamases derived from TEM-1 enzyme focused at pI 5.2 (n = 68) or 5.4 (n = 39) and were very poorly inhibited by clavulanic acid compared with TEM-1 enzyme.	Clavulanic Acid	125-140	hypothetical protein	Escherichia coli	35-40
7873581-1	1995	Analysis of the three dimensional structure of the class A beta-lactamases shows that Arg-244, a spatially conserved residue important for inactivation by clavulanic acid, is held in place by a hydrogen (H) bond from the residue at 276.	Clavulanic Acid	155-170	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	57-63
7726509-9	1995	The implication of these novel mutated positions, 165 and 275, in resistance to inactivation by clavulanate was supported by crystallographic data on the TEM-1 enzyme and results of site-directed mutagenesis.	Clavulanic Acid	96-107	hypothetical protein	Escherichia coli	154-159
1622180-5	1992	Cefaclor, which alone appeared not to bind PBP 2, in combination inhibited PBP 2 binding of clavulanic acid.	Clavulanic Acid	92-107	AT695_RS10295	Staphylococcus aureus	75-80
8056282-5	1994	A Met-69-Leu variant of TEM-1, obtained by site-directed mutagenesis, has been described as resistant to clavulanate.	Clavulanic Acid	105-116	hypothetical protein	Escherichia coli	24-29
8067751-0	1994	Reversal of clavulanate resistance conferred by a Ser-244 mutant of TEM-1 beta-lactamase as a result of a second mutation (Arg to Ser at position 164) that enhances activity against ceftazidime.	Clavulanic Acid	12-23	TEM-1 beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	68-88
8257123-0	1993	Characterization of a new TEM-type beta-lactamase resistant to clavulanate, sulbactam, and tazobactam in a clinical isolate of Escherichia coli.	Clavulanic Acid	63-74	beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	35-49
8257123-5	1993	The inhibitory effects of clavulanate, sulbactam, and tazobactam on the TEM-1 enzyme were substantially decreased in comparison with those on IRT-3, as indicated by the 50% inhibitory concentrations.	Clavulanic Acid	26-37	hypothetical protein	Escherichia coli	72-77
8262865-6	1993	Thus, the MICs of piperacillin or amoxycillin with tazobactam or clavulanate were only two- to four-fold higher for beta-lactamase producers than non-producers at low inocula (10(4) cfu), but this differential increased to 6- to 16-fold at high inocula (10(6) cfu).	Clavulanic Acid	65-76	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	116-130
8517725-7	1993	However, clavulanate and cloxacillin, serine beta-lactamase inhibitors, inhibited the enzyme activity competitively (Kis = 5.60 and 0.35 microM, respectively).	Clavulanic Acid	9-20	beta-lactamase	Klebsiella pneumoniae	45-59
8067751-1	1994	The mutation of Arg-244 to Ser (Arg-244-->Ser mutation) in the TEM-1 beta-lactamase has been shown to produce resistance to inactivation by clavulanate in the mutant enzyme and resistance to ampicillin plus clavulanate in a strain of Escherichia coli producing this enzyme.	Clavulanic Acid	143-154	TEM-1 beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	66-86
8067751-1	1994	The mutation of Arg-244 to Ser (Arg-244-->Ser mutation) in the TEM-1 beta-lactamase has been shown to produce resistance to inactivation by clavulanate in the mutant enzyme and resistance to ampicillin plus clavulanate in a strain of Escherichia coli producing this enzyme.	Clavulanic Acid	210-221	TEM-1 beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	66-86
8067751-5	1994	The doubly mutated derivative of the TEM-1 enzyme (Ser-164/Ser-244) retains the characteristics of the Ser-164 mutant enzyme, i.e., enhanced activity against ceftazidime and sensitivity to inactivation by clavulanate.	Clavulanic Acid	205-216	hypothetical protein	Escherichia coli	37-42
8067751-7	1994	Thus, the Arg-164-->Ser mutation in the TEM-1 beta-lactamase suppresses the effect of the Arg-244-->Ser mutation which, by itself, reduces the sensitivity of the enzyme to inactivation by clavulanate.	Clavulanic Acid	194-205	TEM-1 beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	43-63
8031044-8	1994	In particular, clavulanic acid was 60 and 580 times more potent than sulbactam against TEM-1 and SHV-1, respectively, currently the two most clinically prevalent gram-negative plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases.	Clavulanic Acid	15-30	CD248 molecule	Homo sapiens	87-92
8203843-7	1994	TEM-1 beta-lactamase activity was inhibited in vitro by clavulanic acid, but not totally, with approximately 2% of the initial activity remaining at 2 micrograms/ml and 0.4% remaining at 8 micrograms/ml.	Clavulanic Acid	56-71	TEM-1 beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	0-20
7821300-4	1994	Novel clavulanate-sensitive extended-spectrum beta-lactamases deriving from other class A enzymes (e.g. MEN-1 from beta la OXY, OXA-11 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa from PSE-2) have been reported.	Clavulanic Acid	6-17	menin 1	Homo sapiens	104-109
8047854-10	1994	By adding a beta-lactamase inhibitor (clavulanic acid) to amoxycillin, or using second-generation cephalosporins, clearance can be achieved.	Clavulanic Acid	38-53	Beta lactamase	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	12-26
8262865-2	1993	Tazobactam and clavulanate inhibit the enzyme, but beta-lactamase producers remained substantially less susceptible than non-producers to piperacillin/tazobactam and co-amoxiclav in disc tests.	Clavulanic Acid	15-26	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	51-65
8396624-4	1993	However, strains expressing class A beta-lactamase were susceptible to cefodizime in combination with clavulanic acid.	Clavulanic Acid	102-117	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	34-40
8392995-5	1993	Both beta-lactamases have the same pI at 5.25 and have similar ID50 values for the beta-lactamase inhibitors clavulanic acid, sulbactam and tazobactam.	Clavulanic Acid	109-124	beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	5-19
8432315-3	1993	Forty-six percent of the TEM-1 producing strains were able to transfer this resistance to E. coli J62-2 at 37 degrees C. Analysis of the resulting transconjugants revealed that the degree of resistance to amoxycillin and amoxycillin in combination with clavulanic acid was related to the specific activity of the TEM-1 beta-lactamase.	Clavulanic Acid	253-268	hypothetical protein	Escherichia coli	25-30
1316862-0	1992	TRC-1: emergence of a clavulanic acid-resistant TEM beta-lactamase in a clinical strain.	Clavulanic Acid	22-37	beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	52-66
1316862-1	1992	A novel TEM-derived plasmid-encoded beta-lactamase, resistant to inhibition by clavulanic acid, has been identified in a clinical strain of Escherichia coli found in Scotland.	Clavulanic Acid	79-94	beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	36-50
1316862-6	1992	Its most significant difference is that it is inhibited by clavulanic acid 100-fold less efficiently than the TEM-1 enzyme.	Clavulanic Acid	59-74	hypothetical protein	Escherichia coli	110-115
1316862-8	1992	This is the first report of a clinical bacterium carrying a TEM-enzyme that confers resistance to clavulanic acid combinations and we have designated the beta-lactamase as TRC-1.	Clavulanic Acid	98-113	beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	154-168
2184088-5	1990	High and variable synergy (16 to 1066-fold) was obtained when combined to 0.1 microgram/ml of clavulanate (beta-lactamase inhibitor).	Clavulanic Acid	94-105	beta-lactamase	Klebsiella pneumoniae	107-121
2380766-1	1990	The in vitro sensitivity of amoxicillin alone and combined with clavulanic acid (ratio 4:1) as been studied by a spectrophotometric method utilizing crude extract of the following enzymes: TEM1, TEM2, SHV1, SHV2, TLE1, HMS1, LXA, P99, ENT208.	Clavulanic Acid	64-79	CD248 molecule	Homo sapiens	189-193
1818798-0	1991	Antibacterial activities of amoxicillin alone and in combination with clavulanic acid correlated with beta-lactamase production.	Clavulanic Acid	70-85	beta-lactamase TEM-1	Haemophilus influenzae	102-116
1818798-6	1991	For beta-lactamase producers, clavulanic acid decreased the MICs of amoxicillin prominently in strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, Enterobacter cloacae and Bacteroides fragilis, when combining clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in the ratio of 1:2.	Clavulanic Acid	30-45	beta-lactamase	Neisseria gonorrhoeae	4-18
1818798-6	1991	For beta-lactamase producers, clavulanic acid decreased the MICs of amoxicillin prominently in strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Haemophilus influenzae, Escherichia coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, Enterobacter cloacae and Bacteroides fragilis, when combining clavulanic acid with amoxicillin in the ratio of 1:2.	Clavulanic Acid	262-277	beta-lactamase	Neisseria gonorrhoeae	4-18
1769944-4	1991	However, the TEM-1 and TEM-2 producers were resistant in disc tests to ampicillin/sulbactam and amoxycillin/clavulanic acid, and showed intermediate susceptibility to ticarcillin/clavulanic acid.	Clavulanic Acid	108-123	hypothetical protein	Escherichia coli	13-18
1938685-0	1991	Activity of clavulanate combinations against TEM-1 beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates obtained in 1982 and 1989.	Clavulanic Acid	12-23	TEM-1 beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	45-65
2258651-3	1990	The resistance pattern against various beta-lactams and the effects on MICs of combination of Clavulanic acid (CVA) and AZT against AZT resistant strains suggested that AZT was inactivated by either type of IV (K1), Va (OXA1), or PSE2 beta-lactamases.	Clavulanic Acid	94-109	OXA1L mitochondrial inner membrane protein	Homo sapiens	220-224
2258651-3	1990	The resistance pattern against various beta-lactams and the effects on MICs of combination of Clavulanic acid (CVA) and AZT against AZT resistant strains suggested that AZT was inactivated by either type of IV (K1), Va (OXA1), or PSE2 beta-lactamases.	Clavulanic Acid	111-114	OXA1L mitochondrial inner membrane protein	Homo sapiens	220-224
2121699-0	1990	Effect of low concentrations of clavulanic acid on the in-vitro activity of amoxycillin against beta-lactamase-producing Branhamella catarrhalis and Haemophilus influenzae.	Clavulanic Acid	32-47	beta-lactamase TEM-1	Haemophilus influenzae	96-110
35051699-0	2022	The GLT-1 enhancer clavulanic acid suppresses cocaine place preference behavior and reduces GCPII activity and protein levels in the rat nucleus accumbens.	Clavulanic Acid	19-34	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	4-9
2081205-3	1990	The methods allow the detection of clavulanic acid and sulbactam down to 0.05 micrograms ml-1 in serum and 0.5 micrograms ml-1 in urine.	Clavulanic Acid	35-50	interleukin 17F	Homo sapiens	89-93
2081205-4	1990	The relative standard deviation for five replicate analyses of sulbactam and clavulanic acid at a concentration of 20 micrograms ml-1 in serum and urine ranged from 2-6%.	Clavulanic Acid	77-92	interleukin 17F	Homo sapiens	129-133
34545633-4	2021	Clavulanic acid (CA), a beta-lactamase inhibitor, has been demonstrated to increase glutamate transporter-1 expression.	Clavulanic Acid	0-15	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	84-107
35559146-11	2022	Furthermore, the expressions of BDNF, Seladin 1, and Sirtuin 6 as neuroprotective target genes were modified after clavulanic acid and memantine administrations; similarly, the results obtained from clavulanic acid were more significant.	Clavulanic Acid	115-130	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	32-36
35559146-11	2022	Furthermore, the expressions of BDNF, Seladin 1, and Sirtuin 6 as neuroprotective target genes were modified after clavulanic acid and memantine administrations; similarly, the results obtained from clavulanic acid were more significant.	Clavulanic Acid	115-130	24-dehydrocholesterol reductase	Rattus norvegicus	38-47
35559146-11	2022	Furthermore, the expressions of BDNF, Seladin 1, and Sirtuin 6 as neuroprotective target genes were modified after clavulanic acid and memantine administrations; similarly, the results obtained from clavulanic acid were more significant.	Clavulanic Acid	115-130	sirtuin 6	Rattus norvegicus	53-62
35559146-11	2022	Furthermore, the expressions of BDNF, Seladin 1, and Sirtuin 6 as neuroprotective target genes were modified after clavulanic acid and memantine administrations; similarly, the results obtained from clavulanic acid were more significant.	Clavulanic Acid	199-214	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	32-36
35559146-11	2022	Furthermore, the expressions of BDNF, Seladin 1, and Sirtuin 6 as neuroprotective target genes were modified after clavulanic acid and memantine administrations; similarly, the results obtained from clavulanic acid were more significant.	Clavulanic Acid	199-214	24-dehydrocholesterol reductase	Rattus norvegicus	38-47
35559146-11	2022	Furthermore, the expressions of BDNF, Seladin 1, and Sirtuin 6 as neuroprotective target genes were modified after clavulanic acid and memantine administrations; similarly, the results obtained from clavulanic acid were more significant.	Clavulanic Acid	199-214	sirtuin 6	Rattus norvegicus	53-62
34767876-0	2021	Molecular mechanisms of hepatotoxic cholestasis by clavulanic acid: Role of NRF2 and FXR pathways.	Clavulanic Acid	51-66	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	76-80
34767876-0	2021	Molecular mechanisms of hepatotoxic cholestasis by clavulanic acid: Role of NRF2 and FXR pathways.	Clavulanic Acid	51-66	nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 4	Homo sapiens	85-88
35462185-10	2022	Acetylcysteine, clavulanic acid and homovanillic acid were identified as potential lead compounds for the SARS-CoV-2 helicase.	Clavulanic Acid	16-31	helicase for meiosis 1	Homo sapiens	117-125
35051699-0	2022	The GLT-1 enhancer clavulanic acid suppresses cocaine place preference behavior and reduces GCPII activity and protein levels in the rat nucleus accumbens.	Clavulanic Acid	19-34	folate hydrolase 1	Rattus norvegicus	92-97
2692515-4	1989	The beta-lactamase efficiently hydrolyzed cefotaxime and ceftriaxone but only moderately hydrolyzed ceftazidime and was inhibited by clavulanate and sulbactam (1 microM) and by anti-TEM-1 and anti-TEM-2 sera.	Clavulanic Acid	133-144	hypothetical protein	Escherichia coli	182-187
2558615-13	1989	In particular, piperacillin with tazobactam or clavulanic acid, but not with sulbactam, inhibited TEM-1, TEM-2, and SHV-1 enzymes.	Clavulanic Acid	47-62	hypothetical protein	Escherichia coli	98-103
2661324-3	1989	The TEM-E1 beta-lactamase has a similar molecular weight of 22,000 to the TEM-1 and it is also inhibited by clavulanic acid.	Clavulanic Acid	108-123	hypothetical protein	Escherichia coli	74-79
2613337-6	1989	All the enzymes were inhibited well by clavulanic acid, with I50 values ranging from 4.3 to 12 nM, compared to 130 nM for TEM-2.	Clavulanic Acid	39-54	RASD family member 2	Homo sapiens	122-127
3061383-5	1988	Strains producing Oxa-1 and chromosomal beta-lactamases usually where highly susceptible to mecillinam but only moderately sensitive or resistant to the combination of amoxicillin/clavulanic acid.	Clavulanic Acid	180-195	beta-lactamase OXA-1 precursor	Escherichia coli	18-23
3266728-5	1988	For 6 of 10 beta-lactamase-positive strains, there was a greater-than-twofold-dilution reduction in oxacillin MICs with the addition of clavulanic acid or sulbactam.	Clavulanic Acid	136-151	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	12-26
3266728-6	1988	Of the four strains that became resistant with incubation at the lower temperature, a clavulanic acid effect was observed in three but only at 35 degrees C. The oxacillin MIC for one of the beta-lactamase-negative strains was also reduced with clavulanic acid; however, this strain was inhibited by 1 microgram of clavulanic acid per ml alone.	Clavulanic Acid	86-101	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	190-204
3266728-6	1988	Of the four strains that became resistant with incubation at the lower temperature, a clavulanic acid effect was observed in three but only at 35 degrees C. The oxacillin MIC for one of the beta-lactamase-negative strains was also reduced with clavulanic acid; however, this strain was inhibited by 1 microgram of clavulanic acid per ml alone.	Clavulanic Acid	244-259	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	190-204
3266728-6	1988	Of the four strains that became resistant with incubation at the lower temperature, a clavulanic acid effect was observed in three but only at 35 degrees C. The oxacillin MIC for one of the beta-lactamase-negative strains was also reduced with clavulanic acid; however, this strain was inhibited by 1 microgram of clavulanic acid per ml alone.	Clavulanic Acid	244-259	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	190-204
3266728-7	1988	Bactericidal activity was observed with two or four times the oxacillin MIC in eight strains tested at both temperatures, and the combination with clavulanic acid was bactericidal at higher than four times the MIC in five of the strains at 30 degrees C. Our results suggest that oxacillin intermediate MICs for staphylococcal isolates are due not only to beta-lactamase hyperproduction but also some other unidentified factor.	Clavulanic Acid	147-162	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	355-369
3190988-9	1988	The mean values of total serum clearance, mean residence time, volume of distribution at steady state, and terminal half-life for clavulanic acid on the non-dialysis day were 43.6 ml min-1, 4.4 h, 11.0 l and 3.05 h, respectively.	Clavulanic Acid	130-145	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	183-188
3190988-11	1988	The mean values of dialysis clearance, total serum clearance during dialysis, fractional drug removal during haemodialysis and half-life during dialysis for clavulanic acid were 92.8 ml min-1, 136 ml min-1, 0.65 and 1.19 h, respectively.	Clavulanic Acid	157-172	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	186-191
3190988-11	1988	The mean values of dialysis clearance, total serum clearance during dialysis, fractional drug removal during haemodialysis and half-life during dialysis for clavulanic acid were 92.8 ml min-1, 136 ml min-1, 0.65 and 1.19 h, respectively.	Clavulanic Acid	157-172	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	200-205
3147528-1	1988	Antibiotics available to treat uncomplicated anogenital infections due to beta-lactamase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae include spectinomycin, ceftriaxone, and clavulanic acid added to aqueous procaine penicillin G or amoxicillin.	Clavulanic Acid	161-176	beta-lactamase	Neisseria gonorrhoeae	74-88
3143303-3	1988	In five Escherichia coli isolates, production of low levels of PSE-1 was responsible for resistance which seemed due to rapid hydrolysis of ticarcillin rather than diminished susceptibility of PSE-1 to inhibition by potassium clavulanate.	Clavulanic Acid	216-237	penicilinasa	Escherichia coli	63-68
3263350-0	1988	The effects of clavulanic acid and sulbactam on beta-lactamase biosynthesis.	Clavulanic Acid	15-30	beta-lactamase	Providencia rettgeri	48-62
3263350-1	1988	Clavulanic acid and sulbactam were tested as inducers of beta-lactamase in 21 strains of Gram-negative bacteria.	Clavulanic Acid	0-15	beta-lactamase	Providencia rettgeri	57-71
3263350-4	1988	We conclude that, at therapeutic concentrations, clavulanic acid and sulbactam are generally poor inducers of beta-lactamase.	Clavulanic Acid	49-64	beta-lactamase	Providencia rettgeri	110-124
3061383-0	1988	In vitro activity of mecillinam and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid against strains of Escherichia coli producing TEM-1, Oxa-1 and chromosomal beta-lactamases.	Clavulanic Acid	48-63	hypothetical protein	Escherichia coli	110-115
3061383-0	1988	In vitro activity of mecillinam and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid against strains of Escherichia coli producing TEM-1, Oxa-1 and chromosomal beta-lactamases.	Clavulanic Acid	48-63	beta-lactamase OXA-1 precursor	Escherichia coli	117-122
3040368-3	1987	Clavulanic acid and sulbactam had high affinities for the purified plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases such as SHV-1, TEM-1 and PSE-4, and were potent inhibitors as shown by their low Ki values.	Clavulanic Acid	0-15	CD248 molecule	Homo sapiens	115-120
3497153-0	1987	Synergy of clavulanic acid with benzylpenicillin or cephalothin against Yersinia spp.	Clavulanic Acid	11-26	histocompatibility minor 13	Homo sapiens	81-84
3263690-8	1988	Synergy between clavulanate or sulbactam (2 micrograms/mL) and amoxicillin was greater against derivatives producing EBS-Bla than against those producing TEM-1, TEM-2, or SHV-1; this synergy was greater with clavulanate than with sulbactam against derivatives producing SHV-2 and the SHV-2-type enzyme but was similar with clavulanate and sulbactam against those producing CTX-1.	Clavulanic Acid	16-27	beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	121-124
3263690-8	1988	Synergy between clavulanate or sulbactam (2 micrograms/mL) and amoxicillin was greater against derivatives producing EBS-Bla than against those producing TEM-1, TEM-2, or SHV-1; this synergy was greater with clavulanate than with sulbactam against derivatives producing SHV-2 and the SHV-2-type enzyme but was similar with clavulanate and sulbactam against those producing CTX-1.	Clavulanic Acid	16-27	hypothetical protein	Escherichia coli	154-159
3104483-2	1987	For E. cloacae, pre-incubation with ceftriaxone, cefoxitin, cefamandole, cefoperazone, or imipenem produced significantly larger amounts of beta-lactamase than did pre-incubation with moxalactam, clavulanate, ceftazidime, or aztreonam.	Clavulanic Acid	196-207	Beta lactamase	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	140-154
3499526-0	1987	[Clinical studies of BRL 28500 (clavulanic acid/ticarcillin) in the treatment of pelvioperitonitis and Douglas" abscess].	Clavulanic Acid	32-47	bromodomain containing 1	Homo sapiens	21-24
3891282-1	1985	Potassium clavulanate is a novel beta-lactamase inhibitor, which, in combination, expands the spectrum of amoxicillin to include many amoxicillin-resistant organisms.	Clavulanic Acid	0-21	beta-lactamase TEM-1	Haemophilus influenzae	33-47
3026004-2	1986	Fifty-four strains of Escherichia coli, Enterobacter, Proteus, Citrobacter, and Morganella were examined for beta-lactamase inducibility by clavulanic acid, sulbactam, YTR 830, ampicillin, and cefoxitin.	Clavulanic Acid	140-155	beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	109-123
3490217-8	1986	A difference in zone diameters of greater than or equal to 8 mm between the disk containing 10 micrograms of clavulanic acid and 2 micrograms of ampicillin and the disk containing only 2 micrograms of ampicillin correctly identified all beta-lactamase-producing strains.	Clavulanic Acid	109-124	beta-lactamase TEM-1	Haemophilus influenzae	237-251
3711217-4	1986	The fluorescent product thus formed from clavulanate was separated from ordinary components of plasma and urine on a reversed-phase C18 column followed by fluorimetric detection (lambda ex = 386 nm, lambda em = 460 nm).	Clavulanic Acid	41-52	Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9	Homo sapiens	132-135
3875310-9	1985	The combination of amoxicillin plus potassium clavulanate appears to be an excellent drug for treatment of beta-lactamase-producing strains of these two species, although mild gastrointestinal side effects are common.	Clavulanic Acid	36-57	beta-lactamase TEM-1	Haemophilus influenzae	107-121
3488425-7	1986	Against the B. fragilis group, BRL 25000 was much more active than AMPC or any of the cephalosporins tested, clearly demonstrating the beta-lactamase inhibitory properties of the clavulanic acid in BRL 25000.	Clavulanic Acid	179-194	bromodomain containing 1	Homo sapiens	31-34
3488425-7	1986	Against the B. fragilis group, BRL 25000 was much more active than AMPC or any of the cephalosporins tested, clearly demonstrating the beta-lactamase inhibitory properties of the clavulanic acid in BRL 25000.	Clavulanic Acid	179-194	bromodomain containing 1	Homo sapiens	198-201
7018570-0	1981	Inactivation of RTEM beta-lactamase from Escherichia coli by clavulanic acid and 9-deoxyclavulanic acid.	Clavulanic Acid	61-76	beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	21-35
3892077-1	1985	BRL 25000 is a combination of a newly-developed beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid (CVA) and amoxicillin (AMPC) in the ratio of 1 to 2.	Clavulanic Acid	73-88	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	48-62
3892077-1	1985	BRL 25000 is a combination of a newly-developed beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid (CVA) and amoxicillin (AMPC) in the ratio of 1 to 2.	Clavulanic Acid	90-93	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	48-62
6876360-1	1983	BRL 25000, consisting of 250 mg amoxicillin (AMPC) and 125 mg clavulanic acid (CVA), was studied in the field of obstetrics and gynecology.	Clavulanic Acid	62-77	bromodomain containing 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
6876360-1	1983	BRL 25000, consisting of 250 mg amoxicillin (AMPC) and 125 mg clavulanic acid (CVA), was studied in the field of obstetrics and gynecology.	Clavulanic Acid	79-82	bromodomain containing 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
3847525-0	1985	[Effect of BRL 25000 (clavulanic acid-amoxicillin) on bacterial flora in human feces].	Clavulanic Acid	22-37	bromodomain containing 1	Homo sapiens	11-14
6363381-11	1983	Effective therapy for mixed infections was achieved when clavulanic acid, a beta-lactamase inhibitor, was administered with penicillin.	Clavulanic Acid	57-72	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	74-80
7018570-4	1981	These findings allow the complex interaction between clavulanic acid and the beta-lactamase to be defined more narrowly in chemical terms.	Clavulanic Acid	53-68	beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	77-91
32489667-11	2020	Only bla TEM-1 was detected in beta-lactamase-positive clavulanic-acid-resistant strains, and was responsible for high MICs for ampicillin (>256 mg/L), whatever the ftsI mutational resistance group.	Clavulanic Acid	55-70	beta-lactamase	Haemophilus influenzae	9-14
33722888-0	2021	Laboratory variants GESG170L, GESG170K and GESG170H increase carbapenems hydrolysis and confer resistance to clavulanic acid.	Clavulanic Acid	109-124	RRAD and GEM like GTPase 1	Homo sapiens	20-23
33564244-2	2021	We hereby studied the in vitro combined inhibitory activities of three kinds of beta-lactam antibiotics and clavulanic acid at different concentrations against bla KPC-2-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae to explore the antimicrobial characteristics of these combinations and alternative therapeutic regimens for infections caused by bla KPC-2-positive K. pneumoniae strains.	Clavulanic Acid	108-123	carbapenem-hydrolyzing beta-lactamase KPC-2	Klebsiella pneumoniae	164-169
31979034-0	2020	SYN-007, an Orally Administered Beta-Lactamase Enzyme, Protects the Gut Microbiome from Oral Amoxicillin/Clavulanate without Adversely Affecting Antibiotic Systemic Absorption in Dogs.	Clavulanic Acid	105-116	synemin	Homo sapiens	0-3
31979034-6	2020	Here, SYN-007 function in the presence of clavulanate, a beta-lactamase inhibitor, was investigated.	Clavulanic Acid	42-53	synemin	Homo sapiens	6-9
31979034-12	2020	Importantly, SYN-007 functioned in the presence of clavulanate to protect the gut microbiome indicating that SYN-007 activity was not inhibited by clavulanate in the dog gastrointestinal tract.	Clavulanic Acid	51-62	synemin	Homo sapiens	13-16
31482584-10	2019	Compared with 2VO animals, clavulanic acid significantly down-regulated the expression of iNOS, caspase 3, and APP, accompanied by diminishing the bax/bcl2 ratio.	Clavulanic Acid	27-42	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	90-94
31613964-1	2020	OBJECTIVES: Escherichia coli is characterized by three resistance patterns to beta-lactams/beta-lactamase inhibitors (BLs/BLIs): (i) resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam and susceptibility to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and piperacillin/tazobactam (RSS); (ii) resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and susceptibility to piperacillin/tazobactam (RRS); and (iii) resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and piperacillin/tazobactam (RRR).	Clavulanic Acid	202-217	beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	91-105
31613964-1	2020	OBJECTIVES: Escherichia coli is characterized by three resistance patterns to beta-lactams/beta-lactamase inhibitors (BLs/BLIs): (i) resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam and susceptibility to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and piperacillin/tazobactam (RSS); (ii) resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and susceptibility to piperacillin/tazobactam (RRS); and (iii) resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and piperacillin/tazobactam (RRR).	Clavulanic Acid	309-324	beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	91-105
31613964-1	2020	OBJECTIVES: Escherichia coli is characterized by three resistance patterns to beta-lactams/beta-lactamase inhibitors (BLs/BLIs): (i) resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam and susceptibility to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and piperacillin/tazobactam (RSS); (ii) resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and susceptibility to piperacillin/tazobactam (RRS); and (iii) resistance to ampicillin/sulbactam, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid and piperacillin/tazobactam (RRR).	Clavulanic Acid	309-324	beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	91-105
31482584-10	2019	Compared with 2VO animals, clavulanic acid significantly down-regulated the expression of iNOS, caspase 3, and APP, accompanied by diminishing the bax/bcl2 ratio.	Clavulanic Acid	27-42	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	96-105
31482584-10	2019	Compared with 2VO animals, clavulanic acid significantly down-regulated the expression of iNOS, caspase 3, and APP, accompanied by diminishing the bax/bcl2 ratio.	Clavulanic Acid	27-42	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	147-150
31482584-10	2019	Compared with 2VO animals, clavulanic acid significantly down-regulated the expression of iNOS, caspase 3, and APP, accompanied by diminishing the bax/bcl2 ratio.	Clavulanic Acid	27-42	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	151-155
31061148-1	2019	A novel antibiotic combination of the oral cephalosporin ceftibuten (CTB) and the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanate (CLA) is currently in development for urinary tract infections, including those caused by extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms.	Clavulanic Acid	107-118	EsbL	Escherichia coli	209-241
32231771-0	2019	Upregulation of Glutamate Transporter 1 by Clavulanic Acid Administration and Attenuation of Allodynia and Hyperalgesia in Neuropathic Rats.	Clavulanic Acid	43-58	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	16-39
31061148-1	2019	A novel antibiotic combination of the oral cephalosporin ceftibuten (CTB) and the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanate (CLA) is currently in development for urinary tract infections, including those caused by extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms.	Clavulanic Acid	107-118	EsbL	Escherichia coli	243-247
31061148-1	2019	A novel antibiotic combination of the oral cephalosporin ceftibuten (CTB) and the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanate (CLA) is currently in development for urinary tract infections, including those caused by extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms.	Clavulanic Acid	120-123	EsbL	Escherichia coli	209-241
31061148-1	2019	A novel antibiotic combination of the oral cephalosporin ceftibuten (CTB) and the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanate (CLA) is currently in development for urinary tract infections, including those caused by extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms.	Clavulanic Acid	120-123	EsbL	Escherichia coli	243-247
31061148-2	2019	This study aimed to identify the pharmacodynamic index and magnitude of this index for CLA, when combined with a fixed CTB exposure (~59% free time above the CTB-CLA MIC) against ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae (CTB-CLA MICs of 0.25/0.125 to 1/0.5 mug/ml) using the in vitro chemostat model.	Clavulanic Acid	87-90	EsbL	Escherichia coli	179-183
29812917-2	2018	Here, we perform combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics simulations of several covalent complexes of clavulanate with class A beta-lactamases KPC-2 and TEM-1.	Clavulanic Acid	109-120	UBA domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	150-155
30782990-4	2019	VCC-1 hydrolyzes penicillins, cephalothin, aztreonam, and carbapenems and, like the broadly disseminated class A carbapenemase KPC-2, is only weakly inhibited by clavulanic acid or tazobactam.	Clavulanic Acid	162-177	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 17	Homo sapiens	0-5
30664875-8	2019	Among amoxicillin- and clavulanate-associated cases of European ancestry, rs2476601 doubled the risk for DILI among those with the HLA risk alleles A*02:01 and DRB1*15:01.	Clavulanic Acid	23-34	major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 1	Homo sapiens	160-164
30236958-0	2019	Synergistic and bactericidal activities of mecillinam, amoxicillin and clavulanic acid combinations against extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in 24-h time-kill experiments.	Clavulanic Acid	71-86	beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	126-140
30236958-1	2019	This study aimed to evaluate the potential synergistic and bactericidal effects of mecillinam in combination with amoxicillin and clavulanic acid against extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli.	Clavulanic Acid	130-145	EsbL	Escherichia coli	154-186
30356296-3	2018	In the present study, we evaluated potassium clavulanate (ESBL inhibitor) as a supplement in Bolton broth (C-Bolton broth) for enrichment and detection of Campylobacter.	Clavulanic Acid	35-56	EsbL	Escherichia coli	58-62
29812917-2	2018	Here, we perform combined quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics simulations of several covalent complexes of clavulanate with class A beta-lactamases KPC-2 and TEM-1.	Clavulanic Acid	109-120	CD248 molecule	Homo sapiens	160-165
30519387-1	2018	Introduction: beta-Lactam antibiotics like Clavulanic Acid (CA) enhances cellular glutamate uptake through activation of Glutamate Transporter subtype 1 (GLT-1) and decreases the level of glutamate in the nervous system.	Clavulanic Acid	43-58	solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 2	Mus musculus	121-152
30519387-1	2018	Introduction: beta-Lactam antibiotics like Clavulanic Acid (CA) enhances cellular glutamate uptake through activation of Glutamate Transporter subtype 1 (GLT-1) and decreases the level of glutamate in the nervous system.	Clavulanic Acid	43-58	solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 2	Mus musculus	154-159
29682477-5	2018	The isolates of ESBL were confirmed by ceftazidime/clavulanic acid and cefotaxime/clavulanic acid method.	Clavulanic Acid	51-66	EsbL	Escherichia coli	16-20
29682477-5	2018	The isolates of ESBL were confirmed by ceftazidime/clavulanic acid and cefotaxime/clavulanic acid method.	Clavulanic Acid	82-97	EsbL	Escherichia coli	16-20
28984398-8	2018	However, both clavulanic acid and ceftriaxone up-regulated GLT1 expression in rat cortical and human spinal astrocyte cultures.	Clavulanic Acid	14-29	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	59-63
30100654-11	2018	A significant association was found between ESBL-producing uropathogens against ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid resistance (P < 0.05).	Clavulanic Acid	121-136	EsbL	Escherichia coli	44-48
29089425-12	2017	KPC-2 is a beta-lactamase that inactivates carbapenems and beta-lactamase inhibitors (e.g., clavulanate) and is prevalent around the world, including in the United States.	Clavulanic Acid	92-103	KPC-2	Escherichia coli	0-5
28984398-9	2018	Furthermore, clavulanic acid increased expression of GLT1b and GLAST in rat astrocytes in a dose-dependent manner.	Clavulanic Acid	13-28	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	63-68
29046407-0	2018	An Improved Extended-Spectrum-beta-Lactamase Detection Test Utilizing Aztreonam plus Clavulanate.	Clavulanic Acid	85-96	Beta lactamase	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	30-44
28927454-6	2017	Extended spectrum beta-lactamase production was detected by combined disc method using ceftazidime and ceftazidime/clavulanic acid discs and cefotaxime and cefotaxime/clavulanic acid discs.	Clavulanic Acid	115-130	EsbL	Escherichia coli	0-32
28971874-5	2017	MPC-1 selectively inhibits class C beta-lactamases, such as P99, by forming a nonhydrolyzable acyl adduct, and its inhibitory potency is ~2 to 5 times higher than that for clinically used beta-lactamase inhibitors clavulanate and sulbactam.	Clavulanic Acid	214-225	mitochondrial pyruvate carrier 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
28971874-5	2017	MPC-1 selectively inhibits class C beta-lactamases, such as P99, by forming a nonhydrolyzable acyl adduct, and its inhibitory potency is ~2 to 5 times higher than that for clinically used beta-lactamase inhibitors clavulanate and sulbactam.	Clavulanic Acid	214-225	protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 10	Homo sapiens	60-63
28927454-6	2017	Extended spectrum beta-lactamase production was detected by combined disc method using ceftazidime and ceftazidime/clavulanic acid discs and cefotaxime and cefotaxime/clavulanic acid discs.	Clavulanic Acid	167-182	EsbL	Escherichia coli	0-32
28826758-2	2017	In this study, we tested clavulanic acid, which is another beta-lactam compound with negligible antimicrobial activity, on ethanol consumption and expression of GLT-1, xCT and glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) in male alcohol-preferring (P) rats.	Clavulanic Acid	25-40	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	161-166
28826758-2	2017	In this study, we tested clavulanic acid, which is another beta-lactam compound with negligible antimicrobial activity, on ethanol consumption and expression of GLT-1, xCT and glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) in male alcohol-preferring (P) rats.	Clavulanic Acid	25-40	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	176-207
28826758-2	2017	In this study, we tested clavulanic acid, which is another beta-lactam compound with negligible antimicrobial activity, on ethanol consumption and expression of GLT-1, xCT and glutamate aspartate transporter (GLAST) in male alcohol-preferring (P) rats.	Clavulanic Acid	25-40	solute carrier family 1 member 3	Rattus norvegicus	209-214
28826758-3	2017	Clavulanic acid has the central beta-lactam pharmacophore that is critical for the upregulation of GLT-1 and xCT expression.	Clavulanic Acid	0-15	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	99-104
28826758-7	2017	Importantly, we found that clavulanic acid increased the expression of GLT-1 and xCT in nucleus accumbens.	Clavulanic Acid	27-42	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	71-76
28826758-10	2017	These findings revealed that clavulanic acid at 20-40 fold lower dose than ceftriaxone can attenuate ethanol consumption, in part through upregulation of GLT-1 and xCT expression in the nucleus accumbens.	Clavulanic Acid	29-44	solute carrier family 1 member 2	Rattus norvegicus	154-159
28952295-8	2017	The improvement of white blood cells and CRP levels of the amoxicillin and clavulanate potassium group was more obvious than that of the ceftezole sodium group (P<0.05).	Clavulanic Acid	75-96	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	41-44
26729491-4	2016	Moreover, KPC-2, a class A enzyme, is difficult to inhibit with mechanism-based inactivators (e.g., clavulanate).	Clavulanic Acid	100-111	UBA domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	10-15
28039278-1	2017	Objectives: Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium abscessus produce broad-spectrum class A beta-lactamases, BlaC and Bla Mab , which are inhibited by clavulanate and avibactam, respectively.	Clavulanic Acid	157-168	beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	115-118
28039278-4	2017	Methods: Enzyme kinetics were determined to assess the impact of the substitutions G 132 N in BlaC and N 132 G in Bla Mab on beta-lactamase inhibition by clavulanate and avibactam.	Clavulanic Acid	154-165	beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	94-97
28039278-8	2017	Bla Mab efficiently hydrolysed clavulanate, but the substitution N 132 G led to a 5600-fold reduction in the hydrolysis rate constant k cat due to stabilization of Bla Mab -clavulanate covalent adducts.	Clavulanic Acid	31-42	beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	0-3
28039278-8	2017	Bla Mab efficiently hydrolysed clavulanate, but the substitution N 132 G led to a 5600-fold reduction in the hydrolysis rate constant k cat due to stabilization of Bla Mab -clavulanate covalent adducts.	Clavulanic Acid	173-184	beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	0-3
28039278-8	2017	Bla Mab efficiently hydrolysed clavulanate, but the substitution N 132 G led to a 5600-fold reduction in the hydrolysis rate constant k cat due to stabilization of Bla Mab -clavulanate covalent adducts.	Clavulanic Acid	173-184	beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	164-167
28368864-5	2017	All ESBL producers were resistant to ampicillin, cephalexin, cefalotin, cefpodoxime, ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, marbofloxacin, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, but were susceptible to imipenem and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid.	Clavulanic Acid	209-224	EsbL	Escherichia coli	4-8
28069651-0	2017	Inhibition by Avibactam and Clavulanate of the beta-Lactamases KPC-2 and CTX-M-15 Harboring the Substitution N132G in the Conserved SDN Motif.	Clavulanic Acid	28-39	UBA domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	63-68
28069651-5	2017	The substitution improved the inhibition of KPC-2 by clavulanate due to reduced deacylation, whereas the presence or absence of N132G resulted in the inhibition of CTX-M-15 by clavulanate.	Clavulanic Acid	53-64	UBA domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	44-49
27488224-12	2016	CONCLUSION: Based on the findings of our study, we recommend to use ceftazidime/clavulanate combination for phenotypic confirmation of ESBL producers.	Clavulanic Acid	80-91	EsbL	Escherichia coli	135-139
27125555-4	2016	METHODS: The OXA-48 gene was cloned and expressed in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli in order to obtain MICs in the presence of inhibitors (clavulanic acid, tazobactam and sulbactam) and LN-1-255.	Clavulanic Acid	151-166	OXA-48	Klebsiella pneumoniae	13-19
26543027-0	2016	Clavulanic acid enhances glutamate transporter subtype I (GLT-1) expression and decreases reinforcing efficacy of cocaine in mice.	Clavulanic Acid	0-15	solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 2	Mus musculus	58-63
26543027-3	2016	An alternative is clavulanic acid (CA), a structural analog of CTX that retains the beta-lactam core required for GLT-1 activity but displays enhanced brain penetrability and oral activity relative to CTX.	Clavulanic Acid	18-33	solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 2	Mus musculus	114-119
28345130-0	2017	Antiallodynic Activity of Ceftriaxone and Clavulanic Acid in Acute Administration is Associated with Serum TNF-alpha Modulation and Activation of Dopaminergic and Opioidergic Systems.	Clavulanic Acid	42-57	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	107-116
28345130-8	2017	Additionally, serum TNF-alpha levels were attenuated following CFX and CLAV administration.	Clavulanic Acid	71-75	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	20-29
28345130-9	2017	These results suggest that acute administration of CFX and CLAV may represent a promising approach for treating the acute allodynia of NP, and that the mechanisms involved in these effects involve activation of dopaminergic and opioidergic pathways as well as modulation of TNF-alpha production.	Clavulanic Acid	59-63	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	274-283
27392786-3	2016	The ESBL phenotype was determined with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute confirmatory broth microdilution test using cefotaxime and ceftazidime with and without clavulanate.	Clavulanic Acid	175-186	EsbL	Escherichia coli	4-8
26518125-11	2015	iha and afa/draBC genes were more frequent in resistant isolates than the susceptible ones; for iha, in ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, nalidixic acid, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone resistant and ESBL and MDR positive isolates; for afa/draBC, in cefotaxime, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistant and ESBL and MDR positive isolates, this trend was observed.	Clavulanic Acid	128-143	AFA	Homo sapiens	8-11
26518125-11	2015	iha and afa/draBC genes were more frequent in resistant isolates than the susceptible ones; for iha, in ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, nalidixic acid, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone resistant and ESBL and MDR positive isolates; for afa/draBC, in cefotaxime, cefuroxime, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistant and ESBL and MDR positive isolates, this trend was observed.	Clavulanic Acid	128-143	AFA	Homo sapiens	235-238
22760341-6	2013	These results suggest that 3-day treatment with this clavulanate/amoxicillin preparation is expected to provide a valid means of treating pediatric pharyngolaryngitis and tonsillitis caused by Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus.	Clavulanic Acid	53-64	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	199-205
24274894-9	2013	On initial screening with ceftriaxone (30 mug) disc showing resistance was then confirmed for ESBL production by phenotypic confirmatory disc diffusion test (PCDDT) using ceftazidime (30 ug) and ceftazidime + clavulanic acid (30 mug + 10ug) disc as per guidelines of CLSI (2011).	Clavulanic Acid	209-224	EsbL	Escherichia coli	94-98
23895190-2	2013	The combinations of beta-lactam antibiotics and beta-lactamase inhibitors (such as sulbactam, tazobactam and clavulanic acid) have been successfully used for overcoming class A beta-lactamase-mediated resistance.	Clavulanic Acid	109-124	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	175-181
22651799-6	2013	Also clavulanic acid, tazobactam, and sulbactam concentrations that inhibit 50% of OXA-23 enzyme activity were calculated.	Clavulanic Acid	5-20	class D beta-lactamase OXA-23	Acinetobacter baumannii	83-89
25998949-3	2015	Lymphocytes from 6 of 7 patients were found to proliferate and/or secrete interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) when cultured with amoxicillin and/or clavulanic acid.	Clavulanic Acid	141-156	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	74-90
25998949-3	2015	Lymphocytes from 6 of 7 patients were found to proliferate and/or secrete interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) when cultured with amoxicillin and/or clavulanic acid.	Clavulanic Acid	141-156	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	92-101
25998949-4	2015	Amoxicillin (n = 105) and clavulanic acid (n = 16) responsive CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell clones expressing CCR, chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 4, CCR9, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3 were generated from patients with and without HLA risk alleles; no cross-reactivity was observed between the two drug antigens.	Clavulanic Acid	26-41	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	62-65
25998949-4	2015	Amoxicillin (n = 105) and clavulanic acid (n = 16) responsive CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell clones expressing CCR, chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 4, CCR9, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3 were generated from patients with and without HLA risk alleles; no cross-reactivity was observed between the two drug antigens.	Clavulanic Acid	26-41	C-C motif chemokine receptor 4	Homo sapiens	110-142
25998949-4	2015	Amoxicillin (n = 105) and clavulanic acid (n = 16) responsive CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell clones expressing CCR, chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 4, CCR9, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3 were generated from patients with and without HLA risk alleles; no cross-reactivity was observed between the two drug antigens.	Clavulanic Acid	26-41	C-C motif chemokine receptor 9	Homo sapiens	144-148
25998949-4	2015	Amoxicillin (n = 105) and clavulanic acid (n = 16) responsive CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell clones expressing CCR, chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 4, CCR9, and chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3 were generated from patients with and without HLA risk alleles; no cross-reactivity was observed between the two drug antigens.	Clavulanic Acid	26-41	C-C motif chemokine receptor 4	Homo sapiens	110-120
24060876-0	2013	Can inhibitor-resistant substitutions in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis beta-Lactamase BlaC lead to clavulanate resistance?	Clavulanic Acid	100-111	beta-lactamase	Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv	87-91
24060876-4	2013	The combination of meropenem and clavulanic acid, which inhibits BlaC, was found to be effective against even extensively drug-resistant M. tuberculosis strains when tested in vitro.	Clavulanic Acid	33-48	beta-lactamase	Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv	65-69
24060876-6	2013	To investigate the potential of BlaC to evolve variants resistant to clavulanic acid, we introduced substitutions at important amino acid residues of M. tuberculosis BlaC (R220, A244, S130, and T237).	Clavulanic Acid	69-84	beta-lactamase	Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv	32-36
23685466-3	2013	The performance of modified charcoal-cefoperazone-deoxycholate agar (mCCDA) was improved by addition of an ESBL inhibitor, potassium clavulanate (0.5 mg/L).	Clavulanic Acid	123-144	EsbL	Escherichia coli	107-111
24353573-3	2013	METHODOLOGY: Among 173 E. coli isolates, 82 were phenotypically detected as ESBL producers by standard cefotaxime / clavulanic acid and ceftazidime / clavulanic acid disc diffusion tests.	Clavulanic Acid	116-131	EsbL	Escherichia coli	76-80
24353573-3	2013	METHODOLOGY: Among 173 E. coli isolates, 82 were phenotypically detected as ESBL producers by standard cefotaxime / clavulanic acid and ceftazidime / clavulanic acid disc diffusion tests.	Clavulanic Acid	150-165	EsbL	Escherichia coli	76-80
22825119-9	2012	The docking also suggests that substitutions on the beta-lactam ring are required for beta-lactams to bind in the S conformation, and therefore, small beta-lactams such as clavulanic acid would be inhibitors of NDM-1.	Clavulanic Acid	172-187	NDM-1	Klebsiella pneumoniae	211-216
21964384-6	2011	Furthermore, using affinity chromatography we were able to identify two proteins, Munc18-1 and Rab4 that potentially bind to clavulanic acid and play a critical role in neurosecretion and the vesicle trafficking process.	Clavulanic Acid	125-140	syntaxin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	82-90
22750587-5	2012	Consistent with these results, neurotoxin-induced increase in Bax levels was also decreased in clavulanic acid treated cells.	Clavulanic Acid	95-110	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	62-65
22750587-6	2012	Importantly, neurotoxin-induced release of cytochrome c levels as well as caspase activation was also inhibited in clavulanic acid treated cells.	Clavulanic Acid	115-130	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	43-55
22750587-7	2012	In addition, Bcl-xl levels were also restored and the Bcl-xl/Bax ratio that is critical for inducing apoptosis was increased in clavulanic acid treated cells.	Clavulanic Acid	128-143	BCL2 like 1	Homo sapiens	13-19
22750587-7	2012	In addition, Bcl-xl levels were also restored and the Bcl-xl/Bax ratio that is critical for inducing apoptosis was increased in clavulanic acid treated cells.	Clavulanic Acid	128-143	BCL2 like 1	Homo sapiens	54-60
22750587-7	2012	In addition, Bcl-xl levels were also restored and the Bcl-xl/Bax ratio that is critical for inducing apoptosis was increased in clavulanic acid treated cells.	Clavulanic Acid	128-143	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	61-64
22687511-11	2012	To rationalize these findings, we constructed molecular models of clavulanic acid docked into the active sites of KPC-2 and the "relatively" clavulanic acid-susceptible R220K variant.	Clavulanic Acid	66-81	UBA domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	114-119
22330909-2	2012	A widespread carbapenemase, KPC-2, is not easily inhibited by beta-lactamase inhibitors (i.e., clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam).	Clavulanic Acid	95-110	UBA domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	28-33
21964384-6	2011	Furthermore, using affinity chromatography we were able to identify two proteins, Munc18-1 and Rab4 that potentially bind to clavulanic acid and play a critical role in neurosecretion and the vesicle trafficking process.	Clavulanic Acid	125-140	RAB4A, member RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	95-99
21964384-7	2011	Consistent with this result, an increase in the translocation of Munc18-1 and Rab4 from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane was observed in clavulanic acid treated cells.	Clavulanic Acid	141-156	syntaxin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	65-73
21964384-7	2011	Consistent with this result, an increase in the translocation of Munc18-1 and Rab4 from the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane was observed in clavulanic acid treated cells.	Clavulanic Acid	141-156	RAB4A, member RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	78-82
21964384-8	2011	Overall, these data suggest that clavulanic acid enhances dopamine release in a mechanism involving Munc18-1 and Rab4 modulation and warrants further investigation of its therapeutic use in CNS disorders, such as depression.	Clavulanic Acid	33-48	syntaxin binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	100-108
21964384-8	2011	Overall, these data suggest that clavulanic acid enhances dopamine release in a mechanism involving Munc18-1 and Rab4 modulation and warrants further investigation of its therapeutic use in CNS disorders, such as depression.	Clavulanic Acid	33-48	RAB4A, member RAS oncogene family	Homo sapiens	113-117
20978001-0	2011	Contribution of ROB-1 and PBP3 mutations to the resistance phenotype of a beta-lactamase-positive amoxicillin/clavulanic acid-resistant Haemophilus influenzae carrying plasmid pB1000 in Italy.	Clavulanic Acid	110-125	Rob-1	Haemophilus influenzae	16-21
18663027-1	2008	The genetic environment of the bla(OXA-18) gene encoding a peculiar clavulanic acid-inhibitable Ambler class D extended-spectrum beta-lactamase was determined from the prototype OXA-18-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa MUS clinical isolate.	Clavulanic Acid	68-83	Beta lactamase	Pseudomonas aeruginosa	129-143
20639374-3	2010	All strains were confirmed for ESBL-producing capability by both the clavulanic acid combination disc method and MIC determination.	Clavulanic Acid	69-84	EsbL	Escherichia coli	31-35
20014241-2	2010	Sequence comparisons suggest that orf14 of the clavulanic acid biosynthesis gene cluster encodes for an acetyl transferase (CBG).	Clavulanic Acid	47-62	glucosylceramidase beta 3 (gene/pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	124-127
19502657-9	2009	The enhanced MPO activity and ROS production in liver homogenate of rats treated with Clav or Co-amoxyclav were also normalized by UDCA pretreatment.	Clavulanic Acid	86-90	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
19505232-4	2009	A beta-lactamase inhibitor with co-administration of a beta-lactam antibiotic has proven to be an effective treatment against antibiotic-resistant bacteria whose resistance is due to serine-based beta-lactamases (e.g., amoxicillin/clavulanic acid).	Clavulanic Acid	231-246	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	0-6
19015357-9	2009	KPC-4 and KPC-5 were more sensitive than KPC-2 to inhibition by clavulanic acid in both susceptibility testing and hydrolysis assays.	Clavulanic Acid	64-79	KPC-2	Escherichia coli	41-46
20150317-3	2010	Most of the ESBL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates (98.6% and 97%, respectively) could be detected using cefotaxime discs with and without clavulanate.	Clavulanic Acid	150-161	EsbL	Escherichia coli	12-16
20008772-4	2010	Here, we demonstrate resistance by KPC-2 to beta-lactamase inhibitors by determining that clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam are hydrolyzed by KPC-2 with partition ratios (kcat/kinact ratios, where kinact is the rate constant of enzyme inactivation) of 2,500, 1,000, and 500, respectively.	Clavulanic Acid	90-105	UBA domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	35-40
20008772-4	2010	Here, we demonstrate resistance by KPC-2 to beta-lactamase inhibitors by determining that clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam are hydrolyzed by KPC-2 with partition ratios (kcat/kinact ratios, where kinact is the rate constant of enzyme inactivation) of 2,500, 1,000, and 500, respectively.	Clavulanic Acid	90-105	UBA domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	151-156
20008772-9	2010	We conclude that KPC-2 is unique among class A beta-lactamases in being able to readily hydrolyze clavulanic acid, sulbactam, and tazobactam.	Clavulanic Acid	98-113	UBA domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	17-22
18509771-6	2008	Hydrolysis of IMP was evaluated and production of metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) was detected by a double disk-synergy test, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) inhibited the imipenemase activity, whereas clavulanate and tazobactam did not, this suggesting the production of a metallo-beta-lactamase.	Clavulanic Acid	208-219	hypothetical protein	Klebsiella pneumoniae	50-72
18975519-10	2008	This study demonstrated that cefpodoxime +clavulanic acid combination has more potent in vitro activity in comparison to amoxicillin+ clavulanic acid combination against beta-lactamase producing strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.	Clavulanic Acid	42-57	beta-lactamase	Staphylococcus aureus	170-184
18559360-5	2008	Many of the resulting amino acid substitutions had significant effects on the in vivo activity of TEM-1, including up to a 64-fold increased activity toward ceftazidime and up to an 8-fold increased resistance to the inhibitor clavulanate.	Clavulanic Acid	227-238	CD248 molecule	Homo sapiens	98-103
18509771-6	2008	Hydrolysis of IMP was evaluated and production of metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) was detected by a double disk-synergy test, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) inhibited the imipenemase activity, whereas clavulanate and tazobactam did not, this suggesting the production of a metallo-beta-lactamase.	Clavulanic Acid	208-219	hypothetical protein	Klebsiella pneumoniae	74-77
18397465-5	2008	Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production was identified by clavulanic acid synergy test and confirmed with PCR amplification followed by DNA sequencing.	Clavulanic Acid	69-84	CTX-M-15	Klebsiella pneumoniae	0-32
18397465-5	2008	Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production was identified by clavulanic acid synergy test and confirmed with PCR amplification followed by DNA sequencing.	Clavulanic Acid	69-84	CTX-M-15	Klebsiella pneumoniae	34-38
18070972-6	2008	Escherichia coli harboring bla(CAD-1) exhibited resistance to penams (benzylpenicillin and amoxicillin) and remained susceptible to amoxicillin in combination with clavulanic acid.	Clavulanic Acid	164-179	beta-lactamase	Escherichia coli	27-30
18154546-1	2008	Clavulanate is a highly effective inhibitor of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) in detection tests, but the commercial amoxycillin-clavulanate and ticarcillin-clavulanate combinations have borderline activity, at best, against most ESBL producers.	Clavulanic Acid	0-11	EsbL	Escherichia coli	82-86
18154546-3	2008	isolates at < or =1-2 mg/L but are compromised against Enterobacter spp., whether ESBL-producing or not, where clavulanate-induced AmpC enzymes attack the cephalosporin.	Clavulanic Acid	114-125	EsbL	Escherichia coli	85-89
17999975-4	2008	Extended-spectrum- (ESBL) and metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) production was examined by clavulanate- and EDTA-based techniques, respectively.	Clavulanic Acid	86-97	hypothetical protein	Klebsiella pneumoniae	54-57
19123441-5	2008	In addition, cultured CD3+CD4+ cells showed a significant increase in the expression of CD69, CD25, and HLA-DR in the presence of clavulanic acid.	Clavulanic Acid	130-145	CD69 molecule	Homo sapiens	88-92
19123441-5	2008	In addition, cultured CD3+CD4+ cells showed a significant increase in the expression of CD69, CD25, and HLA-DR in the presence of clavulanic acid.	Clavulanic Acid	130-145	interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	94-98
17877324-4	2007	Clavulanic acid exhibited a slow time-dependent decrease in concentration to 0.05 mg/ml at day 7 in RO water, immediately declined and varied from 0.02 to 0.05 mg/ml in tap water, and was undetectable in acidified water.	Clavulanic Acid	0-15	transporter 1, ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP)	Mus musculus	169-172
17347564-0	2007	Susceptibilities of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae to ertapenem, meropenem and piperacillin-tazobactam with and without clavulanic acid.	Clavulanic Acid	123-138	EsbL	Escherichia coli	20-24
18173077-8	2007	It is important to use cefotaxime-cefotaxime/clavulanic acid as well as ceftazidime-ceftazidime/clavulanic acid ratio for detection of ESBL types that preferentially hydrolyze cefotaxime.	Clavulanic Acid	96-111	EsbL	Escherichia coli	135-139
17279617-0	2007	Clavulanic acid dehydrogenase: structural and biochemical analysis of the final step in the biosynthesis of the beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid.	Clavulanic Acid	137-152	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	0-29
17279617-1	2007	The ultimate step in the biosynthesis of the medicinally important beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid is catalyzed by clavulanic acid dehydrogenase (CAD).	Clavulanic Acid	92-107	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	124-153
17279617-1	2007	The ultimate step in the biosynthesis of the medicinally important beta-lactamase inhibitor clavulanic acid is catalyzed by clavulanic acid dehydrogenase (CAD).	Clavulanic Acid	92-107	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	155-158
17279617-2	2007	CAD is responsible for the NAPDH-dependent reduction of the unstable intermediate clavulanate-9-aldehyde to yield clavulanic acid.	Clavulanic Acid	114-129	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
17279617-5	2007	The reaction performed by CAD was shown to be reversible, allowing the use of clavulanic acid for activity analyses.	Clavulanic Acid	78-93	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	26-29
17279617-9	2007	The structure of the unreactive complex of CAD with clavulanic acid and NADPH suggests how CAD is able to catalyze the reduction of clavulanate-9-aldehyde without fragmentation of the bicyclic beta-lactam ring structure.	Clavulanic Acid	52-67	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	43-46
17279617-9	2007	The structure of the unreactive complex of CAD with clavulanic acid and NADPH suggests how CAD is able to catalyze the reduction of clavulanate-9-aldehyde without fragmentation of the bicyclic beta-lactam ring structure.	Clavulanic Acid	52-67	aconitate decarboxylase 1	Homo sapiens	91-94
16938422-2	2006	The RLC classify as ESBL producers those strains for which any MIC of cephalosporins is 3-fold lower in the presence of 2 mug/mL of clavulanate.	Clavulanic Acid	132-143	CTX-M-15	Klebsiella pneumoniae	20-24