PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
35527461-3	2022	The cells were intervened by PKC agonist (PMA), PKCalpha inhibitor (safingol), PKCbetaI inhibitor (Go6976) and PKCbetaII inhibitor (LY333531) respectively, and the changes in protein expressions of cPKCs, and the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and Akt were observed by immunoblotting under the condition of normal oxygen or hypoxia.	safingol	68-76	protein kinase C, alpha	Mus musculus	48-56
35527461-11	2022	Using Western blotting, we also observed that after being inhibited by safingol, Go6976 and LY333531 respectively, the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and Akt in PASMCs induced by hypoxia was significantly lower than the control group.	safingol	71-79	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	145-151
35527461-11	2022	Using Western blotting, we also observed that after being inhibited by safingol, Go6976 and LY333531 respectively, the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and Akt in PASMCs induced by hypoxia was significantly lower than the control group.	safingol	71-79	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	156-159
35527461-12	2022	After using safingol, the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and Akt were (0.56+-0.07) vs (1.08+-0.13) and (0.49+-0.04) vs (0.97+-0.08).	safingol	12-20	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	52-58
35527461-12	2022	After using safingol, the phosphorylation levels of ERK1/2 and Akt were (0.56+-0.07) vs (1.08+-0.13) and (0.49+-0.04) vs (0.97+-0.08).	safingol	12-20	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	63-66
35418289-11	2022	The UHPLC-MS/MS of ethanolic and the ethyl acetate extract showed that this extract has compound such as sphinganine C16, N,N-Dimethylphingosine compound, then could be possible that the effect observed be due to their metabolites which could be ligands for the sphingosine kinase 1 as was demonstrated by docking studies.	safingol	105-116	sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	262-282
1254586-3	1976	When the reaction with the liver microsomal system was carried out in 2H2O with the protium species of serine, the sphinganine contained a deuterium atom on C-2.	safingol	115-126	complement C2	Rattus norvegicus	157-160
2684961-11	1989	H-7 (18 microM) and sphinganine (3 and 6 microM) blunted 1,25-(OH)2D3-induced reduction of c-myc transcription as assessed by nuclear run-off assays.	safingol	20-31	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	91-96
2563972-2	1989	The results show that the appropriate stimulation of both CD2 or CD3 antigens results in phosphorylation of a 80-kDa putative PKC substrate and that this phosphorylation event is sensitive to a PKC inhibitor, sphinganine.	safingol	209-220	CD2 molecule	Homo sapiens	58-61
2831206-1	1988	Delivery of sphinganine with bovine serum albumin minimizes cytotoxicity without affecting inhibition of the respiratory burst.	safingol	12-23	albumin	Homo sapiens	36-49
6276385-7	1982	We thus propose that an enzyme in the pathway leading to sphinganine synthesis, probably palmitoyl-CoA:L-serine C-palmitoyltransferase (decarboxylating) EC 2.3.1.50, is regulated by low density lipoproteins.	safingol	57-68	serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 1	Homo sapiens	105-134
31944552-6	2020	DHS treatment caused an increase in mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species, and the cytotoxic effect of DHS was suppressed by depletion of mitochondrial DNA or antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, but enhanced by deletion of SOD1 and SOD2 encoding superoxide dismutases.	safingol	0-3	superoxide dismutase SOD1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	224-228
33035646-4	2020	Here we present a structural rationale, based on homology modelling and ligand docking, to account for the capacity of SK2, but not SK1, to efficiently process the pharmacologically active substances, fingolimod (FTY720) and safingol, as substrates.	safingol	225-233	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 2	Homo sapiens	119-122
33035646-6	2020	Our analysis accounts for the contrasting behaviour of fingolimod and safingol as non-turnover inhibitors of SK1, but substrates for SK2, and the observed stereoselectivity for phosphorylation of the pro-S hydroxymethyl group of fingolimod to generate (S)-FTY720-P in vivo.	safingol	70-78	sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	109-112
33035646-6	2020	Our analysis accounts for the contrasting behaviour of fingolimod and safingol as non-turnover inhibitors of SK1, but substrates for SK2, and the observed stereoselectivity for phosphorylation of the pro-S hydroxymethyl group of fingolimod to generate (S)-FTY720-P in vivo.	safingol	70-78	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 2	Homo sapiens	133-136
33035646-9	2020	Thus, the contribution of SK2-derived safingol 1-phosphate to the anti-cancer activity of safingol should be considered.	safingol	38-46	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 2	Homo sapiens	26-29
5432753-2	1970	Sphinganine (dihydrosphingosine), an effective donor of the alk-1-enyl chain of plasmalogens.	safingol	0-11	secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor	Homo sapiens	60-65
5432753-2	1970	Sphinganine (dihydrosphingosine), an effective donor of the alk-1-enyl chain of plasmalogens.	safingol	13-31	secretory leukocyte peptidase inhibitor	Homo sapiens	60-65
32632050-3	2021	While higher serum levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and sphinganine (Sa) were measured in Gpx1/Cat knockout mice (Gpx1/Cat KO) than wild type mice after 5 days of FB1 treatment, serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), sphingosine-1 phosphate (So-1-P), and sphinganine-1 phosphate (Sa-1-P) were found to be relatively low.	safingol	94-96	glutathione peroxidase 1	Mus musculus	115-119
32959379-4	2020	Acer2 deficiency in both the mother and fetus decreases the placental levels of sphingolipids, including sphingoid bases (sphingosine and dihydrosphingosine) and sphingoid base-1-phosphates (sphingosine-1-phosphate and dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate) and results in the in utero death of  50% of embryos at E12.5 whereas Acer2 deficiency in either the mother or fetus has no such effects.	safingol	138-156	alkaline ceramidase 2	Mus musculus	0-5
31944552-6	2020	DHS treatment caused an increase in mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species, and the cytotoxic effect of DHS was suppressed by depletion of mitochondrial DNA or antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, but enhanced by deletion of SOD1 and SOD2 encoding superoxide dismutases.	safingol	0-3	superoxide dismutase SOD2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	233-237
31944552-6	2020	DHS treatment caused an increase in mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species, and the cytotoxic effect of DHS was suppressed by depletion of mitochondrial DNA or antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, but enhanced by deletion of SOD1 and SOD2 encoding superoxide dismutases.	safingol	110-113	superoxide dismutase SOD1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	224-228
31944552-6	2020	DHS treatment caused an increase in mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species, and the cytotoxic effect of DHS was suppressed by depletion of mitochondrial DNA or antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, but enhanced by deletion of SOD1 and SOD2 encoding superoxide dismutases.	safingol	110-113	superoxide dismutase SOD2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	233-237
31231223-8	2019	Inhibition of mPGES-1 increased the concentration of sphinganine and dihydroceramide (C16:0DhCer), while inhibition of COX-2 caused a general decrease in most ceramides, again suggesting different effects on cell death between the two inhibitors.	safingol	53-64	prostaglandin E synthase	Mus musculus	14-21
32630271-1	2020	Ceramide synthase 5 is one of six enzymes that catalyze the production of ceramides from sphingosine or sphinganine.	safingol	104-115	ceramide synthase 5	Mus musculus	0-19
31239273-7	2019	Targeting SPHK1 and NFkappaB using clinically applicable inhibitors (safingol and bortezomib, respectively) significantly inhibited aggressive mammary tumor growth and spontaneous lung metastasis in orthotopic syngeneic TNBC mouse models.	safingol	69-77	sphingosine kinase 1	Mus musculus	10-15
31239273-7	2019	Targeting SPHK1 and NFkappaB using clinically applicable inhibitors (safingol and bortezomib, respectively) significantly inhibited aggressive mammary tumor growth and spontaneous lung metastasis in orthotopic syngeneic TNBC mouse models.	safingol	69-77	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	20-28
29401619-6	2018	Of interest, knocking out Acer2 from whole-body or the hematopoietic lineage also markedly decreased the levels of dihydrosphingosine (dhSPH) and dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate (dhS1P) in blood.	safingol	115-133	alkaline ceramidase 2	Mus musculus	26-31
30086303-2	2018	Here we report that ATF6, a major mammalian UPR sensor, is also activated by specific sphingolipids, dihydrosphingosine (DHS) and dihydroceramide (DHC).	safingol	101-119	activating transcription factor 6	Homo sapiens	20-24
30836314-9	2019	The validated method was successfully applied to the analyses of pharmacokinetic samples from patients treated with safingol and all-trans-N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide; (fenretinide, 4-HPR) in a current phase I clinical trial (SPOC-2010-002, ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01553071).	safingol	116-124	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	186-189
29401619-6	2018	Of interest, knocking out Acer2 from whole-body or the hematopoietic lineage also markedly decreased the levels of dihydrosphingosine (dhSPH) and dihydrosphingosine-1-phosphate (dhS1P) in blood.	safingol	135-140	alkaline ceramidase 2	Mus musculus	26-31
29942193-12	2018	Safingol (SAF), a PKC inhibitor, suppressed the COX-2 protein expression and PGE2 production by CD in MKN-74.	safingol	0-8	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	18-21
29942193-12	2018	Safingol (SAF), a PKC inhibitor, suppressed the COX-2 protein expression and PGE2 production by CD in MKN-74.	safingol	0-8	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	48-53
29942193-12	2018	Safingol (SAF), a PKC inhibitor, suppressed the COX-2 protein expression and PGE2 production by CD in MKN-74.	safingol	10-13	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	18-21
29942193-12	2018	Safingol (SAF), a PKC inhibitor, suppressed the COX-2 protein expression and PGE2 production by CD in MKN-74.	safingol	10-13	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	48-53
29201181-9	2017	Following the pretreatment of HCMEC/D3 cells with the PKCalpha-specific inhibitor, safingol (10 micromol/l), the expression of claudin-5, occludin, ZO-1 and phosphorylated (p)-PKCalpha was measured using western blot analysis, and PKCalpha localization was determined by immunofluorescence.	safingol	83-91	tight junction protein 1	Homo sapiens	148-184
28478509-5	2018	Indeed, sphinganine and sphingosine levels were reduced in p73-depleted cortical neurons, and decreased levels of several membrane phospholipids were also observed.	safingol	8-19	tumor protein p73	Homo sapiens	59-62
29709911-5	2018	Sphingosine, sphinganine, phytosphingosine, and C2-ceramide treatment at the doses not damaging cells significantly increased caspase-14 mRNA and protein expression in dose-dependent manner on human keratinocyte HaCaT cells.	safingol	13-24	caspase 14	Homo sapiens	126-136
29759075-11	2018	Serum lactate and sphinganine levels were positively correlated with confusion, urea level, respiratory rate, blood pressure, and age > 65 years (CURB-65), pneumonia severity index (PSI) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores, while DHEA-S inversely correlated with the three scoring systems.	safingol	18-29	sulfotransferase family 2A member 1	Homo sapiens	270-276
29311779-7	2017	In particular, reduction in the levels of sptlc1 and cerS1 mRNA in the brain tissues from manifest HD mice resulted in a significant decrease in the content of dihydroSphingosine, dihydroSphingosine-1-phospahte and dihydroCeramide [C18:0] as assessed by mass spectrometry.	safingol	160-178	serine palmitoyltransferase, long chain base subunit 1	Mus musculus	42-48
29311779-7	2017	In particular, reduction in the levels of sptlc1 and cerS1 mRNA in the brain tissues from manifest HD mice resulted in a significant decrease in the content of dihydroSphingosine, dihydroSphingosine-1-phospahte and dihydroCeramide [C18:0] as assessed by mass spectrometry.	safingol	160-178	ceramide synthase 1	Mus musculus	53-58
28405720-12	2017	CerS2 knockdown, and associated changes in several sphingolipids such as a drop in very long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, an increase in long-chain ceramides/(dh)-ceramides, and sphinganine in the colon, may weaken endogenous defense against the endogenous microbiome.	safingol	181-192	ceramide synthase 2	Mus musculus	0-5
30338269-9	2017	Sph and dhSph profiles show a similar trend with an initial peak at P10 and then a comparatively smaller peak at P21 maintaining a ratio of (2-2.5:1) of Sph:dhSph.	safingol	8-13	KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase	Rattus norvegicus	113-116
28405720-5	2017	Deletion of CerS2 strongly reduced very long-chain ceramides (Cer24:0, 24:1) but concomitantly increased long-chain ceramides and sphinganine in plasma and colon tissue.	safingol	130-141	ceramide synthase 2	Mus musculus	12-17
27313060-4	2016	In HepG2 liver cells, downregulation of ORMDL3 markedly increased the ceramide precursors, dihydrosphingosine and dihydroceramide, primarily from de novo biosynthesis based on [U-(13)C]palmitate incorporation into base-labeled and dual-labeled dihydroceramides, whereas downregulation of each isoform increased dihydroceramides [(13)C]labeled in only the amide-linked fatty acid.	safingol	91-109	ORMDL sphingolipid biosynthesis regulator 3	Homo sapiens	40-46
27658240-1	2016	Safingol, L- threo-dihydrosphingosine, induces cell death in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells through an endonuclease G (endoG) -mediated pathway.	safingol	0-8	endonuclease G	Homo sapiens	119-133
27658240-1	2016	Safingol, L- threo-dihydrosphingosine, induces cell death in human oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells through an endonuclease G (endoG) -mediated pathway.	safingol	0-8	endonuclease G	Homo sapiens	135-140
27658240-4	2016	In safingol-treated cells, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-I was changed to LC3-II and the cytoplasmic expression of LC3, amount of acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs) stained by acridine orange and autophagic vacuoles were increased, indicating the occurrence of autophagy.	safingol	3-11	microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	75-78
27658240-4	2016	In safingol-treated cells, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-I was changed to LC3-II and the cytoplasmic expression of LC3, amount of acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs) stained by acridine orange and autophagic vacuoles were increased, indicating the occurrence of autophagy.	safingol	3-11	microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	97-100
27658240-4	2016	In safingol-treated cells, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3)-I was changed to LC3-II and the cytoplasmic expression of LC3, amount of acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs) stained by acridine orange and autophagic vacuoles were increased, indicating the occurrence of autophagy.	safingol	3-11	microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	97-100
27658240-6	2016	The nuclear translocation of endoG was minimal at a low concentration of safingol, but markedly increased when combined with 3-MA.	safingol	73-81	endonuclease G	Homo sapiens	29-34
27658240-7	2016	The suppressive effects of safingol and 3-MA on cell viability were reduced in endoG siRNA- transfected cells.	safingol	27-35	endonuclease G	Homo sapiens	79-84
28100786-6	2017	We observed increased mRNA and protein levels of RSB1, which encodes an exporter of long chain bases dihydrosphingosine (DHS) and phytosphingosine (PHS), and further saw that VPA increased sensitivity of an rsb1Delta mutant to PHS, suggesting that VPA increases long chain base levels.	safingol	101-119	phospholipid-translocating ATPase RSB1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	49-53
28100786-6	2017	We observed increased mRNA and protein levels of RSB1, which encodes an exporter of long chain bases dihydrosphingosine (DHS) and phytosphingosine (PHS), and further saw that VPA increased sensitivity of an rsb1Delta mutant to PHS, suggesting that VPA increases long chain base levels.	safingol	121-124	phospholipid-translocating ATPase RSB1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	49-53
28100786-8	2017	Expression of ORM genes (negative regulators of PHS synthesis) and of fatty acid elongase genes FEN1 and SUR4 were decreased, and expression of YOR1 (exporter of PHS-1P) and DPL1 (lyase that degrades DHS-1P and PHS-1P) was increased.	safingol	200-203	sphinganine-1-phosphate aldolase DPL1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	174-178
27343351-6	2016	Moreover, increasing dihydrosphingosine activates Mef2 activity through PDK1 in mammalian neuronal cell line suggesting that the mechanisms are evolutionarily conserved.	safingol	21-39	myocyte enhancer factor 2A	Homo sapiens	50-54
27343351-6	2016	Moreover, increasing dihydrosphingosine activates Mef2 activity through PDK1 in mammalian neuronal cell line suggesting that the mechanisms are evolutionarily conserved.	safingol	21-39	pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1	Homo sapiens	72-76
26843817-8	2016	G-Rg1 and G-Rg2 treatment influenced the levels of hypoxanthine, dihydrosphingosine, hexadecasphinganine, LPC C 16:0, and LPC C 18:0 in AD mice.	safingol	65-83	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3A	Mus musculus	2-5
26635357-5	2016	In contrast, sphinganine was used efficiently only by the LOH2 isoform.	safingol	13-24	LAG1 homologue 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	58-62
26843817-8	2016	G-Rg1 and G-Rg2 treatment influenced the levels of hypoxanthine, dihydrosphingosine, hexadecasphinganine, LPC C 16:0, and LPC C 18:0 in AD mice.	safingol	65-83	transducin-like enhancer of split 2	Mus musculus	10-15
25920281-5	2015	Suppression of SPT subunits reduced sphinganine and sphingomyelin by inhibiting de novo sphingolipid biosynthesis.	safingol	36-47	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	15-18
26446842-4	2015	Inhibition of SPT in Chlamydomonas by myriocin led to loss of flagella and reduced tubulin acetylation, which was prevented by supplementation with the precursor dihydrosphingosine.	safingol	162-180	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	14-17
26264277-5	2015	Furthermore, the SphK1 inhibitor safingol synergistically sensitized EGCG-induced proapoptotic cell death and tumor suppression in multiple myeloma cells by promoting the prevention of RTK phosphorylation and activation of death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1).	safingol	33-41	sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	17-22
26264277-5	2015	Furthermore, the SphK1 inhibitor safingol synergistically sensitized EGCG-induced proapoptotic cell death and tumor suppression in multiple myeloma cells by promoting the prevention of RTK phosphorylation and activation of death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1).	safingol	33-41	ret proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	185-188
26264277-5	2015	Furthermore, the SphK1 inhibitor safingol synergistically sensitized EGCG-induced proapoptotic cell death and tumor suppression in multiple myeloma cells by promoting the prevention of RTK phosphorylation and activation of death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1).	safingol	33-41	death associated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	223-256
26264277-5	2015	Furthermore, the SphK1 inhibitor safingol synergistically sensitized EGCG-induced proapoptotic cell death and tumor suppression in multiple myeloma cells by promoting the prevention of RTK phosphorylation and activation of death-associated protein kinase 1 (DAPK1).	safingol	33-41	death associated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	258-263
26493335-14	2015	Safingol a SPHK1 inhibitor, was cytotoxic as a single agent and acted synergistically with cisplatin in gastric cancer cell lines.	safingol	0-8	sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	11-16
26318452-1	2015	Ceramide synthases (CerS1-CerS6), which catalyze the N-acylation of the (dihydro)sphingosine backbone to produce (dihydro)ceramide in both the de novo and the salvage or recycling pathway of ceramide generation, have been implicated in the control of programmed cell death.	safingol	72-92	ceramide synthase 1	Homo sapiens	20-25
26318452-1	2015	Ceramide synthases (CerS1-CerS6), which catalyze the N-acylation of the (dihydro)sphingosine backbone to produce (dihydro)ceramide in both the de novo and the salvage or recycling pathway of ceramide generation, have been implicated in the control of programmed cell death.	safingol	72-92	ceramide synthase 6	Homo sapiens	26-31
25255218-9	2014	It triggered a caspase-3-dependent cell death that was preceded by accumulation of dihydrosphingosine (dhSph) and dihydroceramide (dhCer), oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy.	safingol	83-101	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	15-24
25300299-4	2015	Pretreatment of HAp discs with sphingosine, phytosphingosine (PHS), PHS phosphate and sphinganine significantly protected these against acid-induced demineralization by 80 +- 17%, 78 +- 17%, 78 +- 7% and 81 +- 8%, respectively (p < 0.001).	safingol	86-97	reticulon 3	Homo sapiens	16-19
25255218-9	2014	It triggered a caspase-3-dependent cell death that was preceded by accumulation of dihydrosphingosine (dhSph) and dihydroceramide (dhCer), oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy.	safingol	103-108	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	15-24
24787013-7	2014	Exogenous activation of p38 and JNK pathways by dihydrosphingosine reverted resistance of TP53-mutated BL cells to spindle poisons.	safingol	48-66	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	24-27
24787013-7	2014	Exogenous activation of p38 and JNK pathways by dihydrosphingosine reverted resistance of TP53-mutated BL cells to spindle poisons.	safingol	48-66	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	32-35
24787013-7	2014	Exogenous activation of p38 and JNK pathways by dihydrosphingosine reverted resistance of TP53-mutated BL cells to spindle poisons.	safingol	48-66	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	90-94
24787013-8	2014	Dihydrosphingosine treatment of TP53-deficient Jurkat and K562 cell lines was also able to induce cell death.	safingol	0-18	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	32-36
24549171-0	2014	Involvement of hydrogen peroxide in safingol-induced endonuclease G-mediated apoptosis of squamous cell carcinoma cells.	safingol	36-44	endonuclease G	Homo sapiens	53-67
24549171-1	2014	Safingol, a L-threo-dihydrosphingosine, induced the nuclear translocation of a mitochondrial apoptogenic mediator--endonuclease G (endo G)--and apoptosis of human oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells.	safingol	0-8	endonuclease G	Homo sapiens	115-129
24549171-1	2014	Safingol, a L-threo-dihydrosphingosine, induced the nuclear translocation of a mitochondrial apoptogenic mediator--endonuclease G (endo G)--and apoptosis of human oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells.	safingol	0-8	endonuclease G	Homo sapiens	131-137
24549171-5	2014	The cell killing effect of safingol and H2O2 was diminished in the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC).	safingol	27-35	X-linked Kx blood group	Homo sapiens	140-143
24549171-9	2014	After treatment with H2O2 and safingol, endo G was distributed to the nucleus and cytoplasm, indicating the nuclear translocation of the mitochondrial factor.	safingol	30-38	endonuclease G	Homo sapiens	40-46
24549171-12	2014	These results suggest that H2O2 is involved in the endo G-mediated apoptosis of oral SCC cells by safingol.	safingol	98-106	endonuclease G	Homo sapiens	51-57
22738231-2	2012	As observed with many enzymes, Ypc1p can also catalyse the reverse reaction, i.e. condense a non-esterified fatty acid with PHS (phytosphingosine) or DHS (dihydrosphingosine) and thus synthesize ceramides.	safingol	155-173	phytoceramidase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	31-36
24281803-0	2013	syn- and enantioselective Henry reactions of aliphatic aldehydes and application to the synthesis of safingol.	safingol	101-109	synemin	Homo sapiens	0-3
23591958-1	2013	Ceramide synthase 2 (CerS2) catalyzes the synthesis of dihydroceramides from dihydrosphingosine and very long fatty acyl (C22-C24)-CoAs.	safingol	77-95	ceramide synthase 2	Mus musculus	0-19
23591958-1	2013	Ceramide synthase 2 (CerS2) catalyzes the synthesis of dihydroceramides from dihydrosphingosine and very long fatty acyl (C22-C24)-CoAs.	safingol	77-95	ceramide synthase 2	Mus musculus	21-26
23445175-2	2013	Ypc1p can catalyse the reverse reaction, i.e. the condensation of non-esterified fatty acids with phytosphingosine or dihydrosphingosine and overexpression of YPC1 or YDC1 can provide enough ceramide synthesis to rescue the viability of cells lacking the normal acyl-CoA-dependent ceramide synthases.	safingol	118-136	phytoceramidase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-5
23283968-4	2013	Significant changes were observed in the sphingolipid profile of CerS2 null mouse liver, including elevated C16-ceramide and sphinganine levels in liver and in isolated mitochondrial fractions.	safingol	125-136	ceramide synthase 2	Mus musculus	65-70
24396570-3	2013	A thiourea adduct of sphinganine (F02) is selective for SK2 whereas the 1-deoxysphinganines 55-21 and 77-7 are selective for SK1.	safingol	21-32	sphingosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	56-59
24287956-0	2013	Toxic c17-sphinganine analogue mycotoxin, contaminating tunisian mussels, causes flaccid paralysis in rodents.	safingol	10-21	cytokine-like 1	Mus musculus	6-9
24019516-2	2013	A CerS2 null mouse displays hepatopathy because of depletion of C22-C24 ceramides, elevation of C16-ceramide, and/or elevation of sphinganine.	safingol	130-141	ceramide synthase 2	Mus musculus	2-7
23233043-7	2013	The PKCalpha inhibitor, safingol, inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation and NF-kappaB activation that is induced by VIIa and abrogated the enhanced proliferation, migration, and survival of SW620 cells by VIIa treatment.	safingol	24-32	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	4-12
23233043-7	2013	The PKCalpha inhibitor, safingol, inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation and NF-kappaB activation that is induced by VIIa and abrogated the enhanced proliferation, migration, and survival of SW620 cells by VIIa treatment.	safingol	24-32	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	44-50
23233043-7	2013	The PKCalpha inhibitor, safingol, inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation and NF-kappaB activation that is induced by VIIa and abrogated the enhanced proliferation, migration, and survival of SW620 cells by VIIa treatment.	safingol	24-32	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	71-80
23233043-8	2013	Both safingol and PDTC (NF-kappaB inhibitor) could apparently rescue the effects of VIIa on expression of MMP-9, caspase-3, TF, and Bcl-2/bax in SW620 cells.	safingol	5-13	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	24-33
23233043-8	2013	Both safingol and PDTC (NF-kappaB inhibitor) could apparently rescue the effects of VIIa on expression of MMP-9, caspase-3, TF, and Bcl-2/bax in SW620 cells.	safingol	5-13	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	106-111
23233043-8	2013	Both safingol and PDTC (NF-kappaB inhibitor) could apparently rescue the effects of VIIa on expression of MMP-9, caspase-3, TF, and Bcl-2/bax in SW620 cells.	safingol	5-13	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	113-122
23233043-8	2013	Both safingol and PDTC (NF-kappaB inhibitor) could apparently rescue the effects of VIIa on expression of MMP-9, caspase-3, TF, and Bcl-2/bax in SW620 cells.	safingol	5-13	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	124-126
23233043-8	2013	Both safingol and PDTC (NF-kappaB inhibitor) could apparently rescue the effects of VIIa on expression of MMP-9, caspase-3, TF, and Bcl-2/bax in SW620 cells.	safingol	5-13	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	132-137
23233043-8	2013	Both safingol and PDTC (NF-kappaB inhibitor) could apparently rescue the effects of VIIa on expression of MMP-9, caspase-3, TF, and Bcl-2/bax in SW620 cells.	safingol	5-13	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	138-141
22872679-3	2012	Here we investigated the ability of dihydrosphingosine to incorporate into the site of membrane fusion mediated by the HIV envelope (Env) protein.	safingol	36-54	endogenous retrovirus group K member 20	Homo sapiens	133-136
22872679-4	2012	Dihydrosphingosine as well as cholesterol, fatty acid, and tocopherol was conjugated to highly conserved, short HIV-1 Env-derived peptides with no antiviral activity otherwise.	safingol	0-18	Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	118-121
22354293-3	2012	We observed that the LCB4 gene, coding for the enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of dihydrosphingosine and phytosphingosine, is important in governing the miconazole resistance of sessile Saccharomyces cerevisiae and C. albicans cells.	safingol	92-110	sphinganine kinase LCB4	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	21-25
21435396-4	2012	The basal promoter of the CrabpI gene is a housekeeping promoter that can be regulated by thyroid hormones (T3), DNA methylation, sphinganine, and ethanol acting on its upstream regulatory region.	safingol	130-141	cellular retinoic acid binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	26-32
22277656-5	2012	Additional studies implicated the sphingoid bases phytosphingosine and dihydrosphingosine as the likely mediators of Cha1 up-regulation.	safingol	71-89	L-serine/L-threonine ammonia-lyase CHA1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	117-121
22016110-3	2012	The mycotoxin fumonisin B1 (FB(1)) is a potent inhibitor of ceramide synthases and causes selective accumulation of dihydrosphingosine and dhS1P.	safingol	116-134	TCF3 fusion partner	Homo sapiens	14-33
21707788-2	2011	A lipidomic analysis revealed specific changes in sphingolipids that accompanied the premature ageing of Isc1p-deficient cells under severe calorie restriction conditions, including a decrease of dihydrosphingosine levels and an increase of dihydro-C(26) -ceramide and phyto-C(26) -ceramide levels, the latter raising the possibility of activation of ceramide-dependent protein phosphatases.	safingol	196-214	inositol phosphosphingolipid phospholipase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	105-110
25215078-4	2012	Several inhibitors including D609, U73122, PP1, safingol, rottlerin and non-radioactive protein kinase C (PKC) were used to examine the mechanism of signal transduction of TNF-alpha-regulated IP3R1 in HMCs.	safingol	48-56	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	172-181
25215078-8	2012	TNF-alpha promoted PKCalpha activation with maximal PKCalpha phosphorylation that occurred 8 hours after stimulation measured by non-radioactive PKC assay, and the effect was markedly attenuated by pretreatment with D609 or safingol.	safingol	224-232	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	0-9
25215078-8	2012	TNF-alpha promoted PKCalpha activation with maximal PKCalpha phosphorylation that occurred 8 hours after stimulation measured by non-radioactive PKC assay, and the effect was markedly attenuated by pretreatment with D609 or safingol.	safingol	224-232	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	19-27
25215078-8	2012	TNF-alpha promoted PKCalpha activation with maximal PKCalpha phosphorylation that occurred 8 hours after stimulation measured by non-radioactive PKC assay, and the effect was markedly attenuated by pretreatment with D609 or safingol.	safingol	224-232	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	52-60
25215078-8	2012	TNF-alpha promoted PKCalpha activation with maximal PKCalpha phosphorylation that occurred 8 hours after stimulation measured by non-radioactive PKC assay, and the effect was markedly attenuated by pretreatment with D609 or safingol.	safingol	224-232	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	19-22
22061047-2	2011	Ceramide and, more recently, other sphingolipid species (e.g., dihydroceramide and dihydrosphingosine) have been implicated in 4-HPR-mediated tumor cell death.	safingol	83-101	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	129-132
21764041-1	2011	The title compound containing dihydroceramide as a ligand for CD1d was accomplished using the mannosyl, glucosaminyl, and fucosyl donors, and a sphinganine analogue, as suitable building blocks.	safingol	144-155	CD1d molecule	Homo sapiens	62-66
21534970-6	2011	The resistance of the null mpk6 mutant to manifest PCD on FB1 and sphinganine addition and the failure to show resistance on pathogen infection and MPK6 activation by FB1 and LCBs indicated that MPK6 mediates PCD downstream of LCBs.	safingol	66-77	MAP kinase 6	Arabidopsis thaliana	27-31
21534970-7	2011	This work describes MPK6 as a novel transducer in the pathway leading to LCB-induced PCD in Arabidopsis, and reveals that sphinganine and the LCB2a gene are required in a PCD process that operates as one of the more effective strategies used as defense against pathogens in plants.	safingol	122-133	MAP kinase 6	Arabidopsis thaliana	20-24
21257722-3	2011	Safingol, (l-threo-dihydrosphingosine) is a putative inhibitor of SphK.	safingol	0-8	sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	66-70
21257722-3	2011	Safingol, (l-threo-dihydrosphingosine) is a putative inhibitor of SphK.	safingol	11-37	sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	66-70
21257722-19	2011	CONCLUSIONS: Safingol, the first putative SphK inhibitor to enter clinical trials, can be safely administered in combination with cisplatin.	safingol	13-21	sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	42-46
20628055-0	2010	Alkaline ceramidase 2 (ACER2) and its product dihydrosphingosine mediate the cytotoxicity of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide in tumor cells.	safingol	46-64	alkaline ceramidase 2	Homo sapiens	0-21
21390063-8	2011	In addition, Bcl-xL and Bax might be involved in the regulation of safingol-induced autophagy.	safingol	67-75	BCL2 like 1	Homo sapiens	13-19
21390063-8	2011	In addition, Bcl-xL and Bax might be involved in the regulation of safingol-induced autophagy.	safingol	67-75	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	24-27
20727565-7	2011	The contractile responses of microvessels of both diabetics and nondiabetics to ET-1 were inhibited in the presence of either ET-A receptor antagonist BQ123 (10(-7) mol/L) or the PKC-alpha inhibitor safingol (2 x 10(-5) mol/L, P < .05, respectively).	safingol	199-207	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	80-84
20727565-7	2011	The contractile responses of microvessels of both diabetics and nondiabetics to ET-1 were inhibited in the presence of either ET-A receptor antagonist BQ123 (10(-7) mol/L) or the PKC-alpha inhibitor safingol (2 x 10(-5) mol/L, P < .05, respectively).	safingol	199-207	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	179-188
20628055-1	2010	Increased generation of dihydrosphingosine (DHS), a bioactive sphingolipid, has been implicated in the cytotoxicity of the synthetic retinoid N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR) in tumor cells.	safingol	24-42	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	175-178
20628055-1	2010	Increased generation of dihydrosphingosine (DHS), a bioactive sphingolipid, has been implicated in the cytotoxicity of the synthetic retinoid N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (4-HPR) in tumor cells.	safingol	44-47	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	175-178
20628055-2	2010	However, how 4-HPR increases DHS remains unclear.	safingol	29-32	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	15-18
20628055-0	2010	Alkaline ceramidase 2 (ACER2) and its product dihydrosphingosine mediate the cytotoxicity of N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide in tumor cells.	safingol	46-64	alkaline ceramidase 2	Homo sapiens	23-28
20628055-3	2010	Here we demonstrate that 4-HPR increases the expression of ACER2, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of dihydroceramides to generate DHS, and that ACER2 up-regulation plays a key role in mediating the 4-HPR-induced generation of DHS as well as the cytotoxicity of 4-HPR in tumor cells.	safingol	129-132	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	27-30
20837906-6	2010	Pretreatment with the PKC-alpha inhibitor safingol reversed ET-1-induced response from contraction to relaxation.	safingol	42-50	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	22-31
20628055-3	2010	Here we demonstrate that 4-HPR increases the expression of ACER2, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of dihydroceramides to generate DHS, and that ACER2 up-regulation plays a key role in mediating the 4-HPR-induced generation of DHS as well as the cytotoxicity of 4-HPR in tumor cells.	safingol	129-132	alkaline ceramidase 2	Homo sapiens	59-64
20628055-3	2010	Here we demonstrate that 4-HPR increases the expression of ACER2, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of dihydroceramides to generate DHS, and that ACER2 up-regulation plays a key role in mediating the 4-HPR-induced generation of DHS as well as the cytotoxicity of 4-HPR in tumor cells.	safingol	225-228	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	27-30
20628055-3	2010	Here we demonstrate that 4-HPR increases the expression of ACER2, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of dihydroceramides to generate DHS, and that ACER2 up-regulation plays a key role in mediating the 4-HPR-induced generation of DHS as well as the cytotoxicity of 4-HPR in tumor cells.	safingol	225-228	alkaline ceramidase 2	Homo sapiens	59-64
20628055-3	2010	Here we demonstrate that 4-HPR increases the expression of ACER2, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of dihydroceramides to generate DHS, and that ACER2 up-regulation plays a key role in mediating the 4-HPR-induced generation of DHS as well as the cytotoxicity of 4-HPR in tumor cells.	safingol	225-228	alkaline ceramidase 2	Homo sapiens	143-148
20628055-3	2010	Here we demonstrate that 4-HPR increases the expression of ACER2, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of dihydroceramides to generate DHS, and that ACER2 up-regulation plays a key role in mediating the 4-HPR-induced generation of DHS as well as the cytotoxicity of 4-HPR in tumor cells.	safingol	225-228	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	199-202
20628055-3	2010	Here we demonstrate that 4-HPR increases the expression of ACER2, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of dihydroceramides to generate DHS, and that ACER2 up-regulation plays a key role in mediating the 4-HPR-induced generation of DHS as well as the cytotoxicity of 4-HPR in tumor cells.	safingol	225-228	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	199-202
20628055-6	2010	Overexpression of ACER2 augmented the 4-HPR-induced generation of DHS as well as 4-HPR cytotoxicity, and 4-HPR-induced death in tumor cells, whereas knocking down ACER2 had the opposite effects.	safingol	66-69	alkaline ceramidase 2	Homo sapiens	18-23
20628055-6	2010	Overexpression of ACER2 augmented the 4-HPR-induced generation of DHS as well as 4-HPR cytotoxicity, and 4-HPR-induced death in tumor cells, whereas knocking down ACER2 had the opposite effects.	safingol	66-69	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	40-43
20628055-7	2010	ACER2 overexpression, along with treatment with GT11, another DES inhibitor, markedly increased cellular DHS, leading to tumor cell death, whereas ACER2 overexpression or GT11 treatment alone failed to do so, suggesting that both ACER2 up-regulation and DES inhibition are necessary and sufficient to mediate 4-HPR-induced DHS accumulation, cytotoxicity, and death in tumor cells.	safingol	105-108	alkaline ceramidase 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
20628055-7	2010	ACER2 overexpression, along with treatment with GT11, another DES inhibitor, markedly increased cellular DHS, leading to tumor cell death, whereas ACER2 overexpression or GT11 treatment alone failed to do so, suggesting that both ACER2 up-regulation and DES inhibition are necessary and sufficient to mediate 4-HPR-induced DHS accumulation, cytotoxicity, and death in tumor cells.	safingol	323-326	alkaline ceramidase 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
20628055-8	2010	Taken together, these results suggest that up-regulation of the ACER2/DHS pathway mediates the cytotoxicity of 4-HPR in tumor cells and that up-regulating or activating ACER2 may improve the anti-cancer activity of 4-HRR and other DHC-inducing agents.	safingol	70-73	alkaline ceramidase 2	Homo sapiens	64-69
20628055-8	2010	Taken together, these results suggest that up-regulation of the ACER2/DHS pathway mediates the cytotoxicity of 4-HPR in tumor cells and that up-regulating or activating ACER2 may improve the anti-cancer activity of 4-HRR and other DHC-inducing agents.	safingol	70-73	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	113-116
20837906-6	2010	Pretreatment with the PKC-alpha inhibitor safingol reversed ET-1-induced response from contraction to relaxation.	safingol	42-50	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	60-64
20079914-7	2010	Pretreatment with the PKC-alpha inhibitor safingol (2.5 x 10(-5) mol/L) reversed the ET-1 responses from contraction into relaxation.	safingol	42-50	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	22-31
20386061-4	2010	Expression of untargeted or ER-targeted SK1, but surprisingly not PM-targeted SK1, results in a dramatic increase in the phosphorylation of dihydrosphingosine, a metabolic precursor in de novo ceramide synthesis.	safingol	140-158	sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	40-43
20558741-3	2010	Toward this goal, we used affinity chromatography coupled with proteomics technology and identified acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein-32A (ANP32A), an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) as a direct target of sphingosine, N,N"-dimethyl sphingosine (DMS) and phytosphingosine but not dihydrosphingosine or sphingosine 1-phosphate.	safingol	299-317	acidic nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member A	Homo sapiens	100-146
20558741-3	2010	Toward this goal, we used affinity chromatography coupled with proteomics technology and identified acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein-32A (ANP32A), an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) as a direct target of sphingosine, N,N"-dimethyl sphingosine (DMS) and phytosphingosine but not dihydrosphingosine or sphingosine 1-phosphate.	safingol	299-317	acidic nuclear phosphoprotein 32 family member A	Homo sapiens	148-154
20558741-3	2010	Toward this goal, we used affinity chromatography coupled with proteomics technology and identified acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein-32A (ANP32A), an inhibitor of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) as a direct target of sphingosine, N,N"-dimethyl sphingosine (DMS) and phytosphingosine but not dihydrosphingosine or sphingosine 1-phosphate.	safingol	299-317	protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator	Homo sapiens	197-201
20079914-7	2010	Pretreatment with the PKC-alpha inhibitor safingol (2.5 x 10(-5) mol/L) reversed the ET-1 responses from contraction into relaxation.	safingol	42-50	endothelin 1	Homo sapiens	85-89
19648650-6	2009	SPTLC3-expressing cells have higher in vitro SPT activities with lauryl- and myristoyl-CoA than SPTLC2-expressing cells, and SPTLC3 mRNA expression levels correlate closely with the C(16)-sphinganine synthesis rates in various human and murine cell lines.	safingol	188-199	serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 3	Homo sapiens	0-6
19885570-7	2009	The combination of safingol/irinotecan at 1:1 molar ratio was found to be additive in HT-29 cells (CI=0.94) and synergistic in LS-174T cells (CI=0.68), and resulted in concentration- and time-dependent down-regulation of p-PKC and p-MARCKS.	safingol	19-27	myristoylated alanine rich protein kinase C substrate	Homo sapiens	233-239
19648650-6	2009	SPTLC3-expressing cells have higher in vitro SPT activities with lauryl- and myristoyl-CoA than SPTLC2-expressing cells, and SPTLC3 mRNA expression levels correlate closely with the C(16)-sphinganine synthesis rates in various human and murine cell lines.	safingol	188-199	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	0-3
19648650-6	2009	SPTLC3-expressing cells have higher in vitro SPT activities with lauryl- and myristoyl-CoA than SPTLC2-expressing cells, and SPTLC3 mRNA expression levels correlate closely with the C(16)-sphinganine synthesis rates in various human and murine cell lines.	safingol	188-199	serine palmitoyltransferase long chain base subunit 3	Homo sapiens	125-131
19210614-3	2009	These cells, termed 2Delta.YDC1, make sphingolipids containing exclusively dihydrosphingosine and an abnormally wide spectrum of fatty acids with between 18 and 26 carbon atoms.	safingol	75-93	alkaline dihydroceramidase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	27-31
19141869-1	2009	In yeast, Tsc10p catalyzes reduction of 3-ketosphinganine to dihydrosphingosine.	safingol	61-79	3-dehydrosphinganine reductase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	10-16
19199036-2	2009	The protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor safingol increased rounding and detachment of human oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells in monolayer cultures.	safingol	37-45	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	22-25
19199036-5	2009	During the induction of apoptosis in cell suspensions by safingol, there was an increase of the pro-apoptotic BH-3 only protein Bim and decrease of pro-survival Bcl-2 family proteins Bcl-xL and mitochondrial pro-apoptogenic factor endonuclease G translocated to the nucleus.	safingol	57-65	BCL2 like 11	Homo sapiens	128-131
19199036-8	2009	These results suggest that Bim, Bcl-xL, FAK and endonuclease G are involved in safingol-induced apoptosis of detached oral SCC cells.	safingol	79-87	BCL2 like 11	Homo sapiens	27-30
19199036-8	2009	These results suggest that Bim, Bcl-xL, FAK and endonuclease G are involved in safingol-induced apoptosis of detached oral SCC cells.	safingol	79-87	BCL2 like 1	Homo sapiens	32-38
19199036-8	2009	These results suggest that Bim, Bcl-xL, FAK and endonuclease G are involved in safingol-induced apoptosis of detached oral SCC cells.	safingol	79-87	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	40-43
19199036-8	2009	These results suggest that Bim, Bcl-xL, FAK and endonuclease G are involved in safingol-induced apoptosis of detached oral SCC cells.	safingol	79-87	endonuclease G	Homo sapiens	48-62
19144995-3	2009	Here, we report that expression of defective CFTR (DeltaF508CFTR or decreased CFTR) in human lung epithelial cell lines increases sphingolipid synthesis and mass of sphinganine, sphingosine, four long-chain saturated ceramide species, C16 dihydroceramide, C22, C24, C26-ceramide, and sphingomyelin, and decreases mass of C18 and unsaturated C18:1 ceramide species.	safingol	165-176	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	45-49
19144995-3	2009	Here, we report that expression of defective CFTR (DeltaF508CFTR or decreased CFTR) in human lung epithelial cell lines increases sphingolipid synthesis and mass of sphinganine, sphingosine, four long-chain saturated ceramide species, C16 dihydroceramide, C22, C24, C26-ceramide, and sphingomyelin, and decreases mass of C18 and unsaturated C18:1 ceramide species.	safingol	165-176	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	60-64
19144995-3	2009	Here, we report that expression of defective CFTR (DeltaF508CFTR or decreased CFTR) in human lung epithelial cell lines increases sphingolipid synthesis and mass of sphinganine, sphingosine, four long-chain saturated ceramide species, C16 dihydroceramide, C22, C24, C26-ceramide, and sphingomyelin, and decreases mass of C18 and unsaturated C18:1 ceramide species.	safingol	165-176	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	60-64
19119142-6	2009	In vitro kinetic studies revealed that FTY720 is a competitive inhibitor of ceramide synthase 2 toward dihydrosphingosine with an apparent K(i) of 2.15 microm.	safingol	103-121	ceramide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	76-95
17613006-0	2007	Safingol toxicology after oral administration to TRAMP mice: demonstration of safingol uptake and metabolism by N-acylation and N-methylation.	safingol	0-8	tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 25	Mus musculus	49-54
18611440-5	2008	Myriocin-treated apoE KO mice had significant reductions in plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL-cholesterol, ceramide, sphinganine and sphingomyelin (SM) compared to 24- and 36-week-old control mice.	safingol	129-140	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	17-21
17980653-7	2007	Furthermore, we have studied de novo sphingolipid changes in cells overexpressing GLTP using sphinganine metabolic labeling.	safingol	93-104	glycolipid transfer protein	Homo sapiens	82-86
17467659-3	2007	Similarly, the responses of dihydroceramides and dihydrosphingosine, precursors of ceramide in the de novo synthetic pathway, were attenuated in SMS1-overexpressor after photodamage, suggesting the involvement of the de novo pathway.	safingol	49-67	sphingomyelin synthase 1	Homo sapiens	145-149
19098447-0	2009	Safingol (L-threo-sphinganine) induces autophagy in solid tumor cells through inhibition of PKC and the PI3-kinase pathway.	safingol	0-8	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	92-95
19098447-2	2009	Utilizing electron microscopy, acridine orange staining, and immunoblot and fluorescent localization studies of the myosin light chain-associated protein (LC3), we determined that safingol induces cell death of an exclusively autophagic character and lacking any of the hallmarks of apoptosis.	safingol	180-188	microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha	Homo sapiens	155-158
19098447-3	2009	Safingol inhibited PKCbeta-I, PKC delta and PKC epsilon, and inhibited phosphorylation of critical components of the PI3k/Akt/mTOR pathway (Akt, p70S6k and rS6) and the MAPk pathway (ERK).	safingol	0-8	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	122-125
19098447-3	2009	Safingol inhibited PKCbeta-I, PKC delta and PKC epsilon, and inhibited phosphorylation of critical components of the PI3k/Akt/mTOR pathway (Akt, p70S6k and rS6) and the MAPk pathway (ERK).	safingol	0-8	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	126-130
19098447-3	2009	Safingol inhibited PKCbeta-I, PKC delta and PKC epsilon, and inhibited phosphorylation of critical components of the PI3k/Akt/mTOR pathway (Akt, p70S6k and rS6) and the MAPk pathway (ERK).	safingol	0-8	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	140-143
19098447-3	2009	Safingol inhibited PKCbeta-I, PKC delta and PKC epsilon, and inhibited phosphorylation of critical components of the PI3k/Akt/mTOR pathway (Akt, p70S6k and rS6) and the MAPk pathway (ERK).	safingol	0-8	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Homo sapiens	145-151
19098447-5	2009	Conversely, activation of PKCs with phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) or transient transfection of a constitutively active form of Akt each reduced safingol"s autophagic induction, but not completely, indicating that Akt- and PKC-dependent pathways both contribute partially and independently to safingol-induced autophagy.	safingol	146-154	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	129-132
19098447-5	2009	Conversely, activation of PKCs with phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) or transient transfection of a constitutively active form of Akt each reduced safingol"s autophagic induction, but not completely, indicating that Akt- and PKC-dependent pathways both contribute partially and independently to safingol-induced autophagy.	safingol	146-154	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	215-218
19098447-5	2009	Conversely, activation of PKCs with phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) or transient transfection of a constitutively active form of Akt each reduced safingol"s autophagic induction, but not completely, indicating that Akt- and PKC-dependent pathways both contribute partially and independently to safingol-induced autophagy.	safingol	146-154	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	26-29
19098447-5	2009	Conversely, activation of PKCs with phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) or transient transfection of a constitutively active form of Akt each reduced safingol"s autophagic induction, but not completely, indicating that Akt- and PKC-dependent pathways both contribute partially and independently to safingol-induced autophagy.	safingol	294-302	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	129-132
19098447-5	2009	Conversely, activation of PKCs with phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) or transient transfection of a constitutively active form of Akt each reduced safingol"s autophagic induction, but not completely, indicating that Akt- and PKC-dependent pathways both contribute partially and independently to safingol-induced autophagy.	safingol	294-302	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	26-29
16225461-2	2006	Inactivation of sphingolipid biosynthesis, such as by disrupting the serine palmitoyltransferase gene (LCB2), is lethal, but cells can be rescued by supplying an exogenous LCB (long-chain base) like PHS (phytosphingosine) or DHS (dihydrosphingosine).	safingol	230-248	serine C-palmitoyltransferase LCB2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	103-107
16959847-8	2006	However, inhibitors of sphingosine kinase-1 (SphK1), dimethylsphingosine and threo-dihydrosphingosine, reduced the effect of ET-1 by about 50%.	safingol	77-101	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	125-129
16537470-5	2006	The overall binding mode of GalA-GSL to mCD1d is similar to that of the short-chain alpha-GalCer ligand PBS-25, but its sphinganine chain is more deeply inserted into the F" pocket due to alternate hydrogen-bonding interactions between the sphinganine 3-OH with Asp-80.	safingol	240-251	CD1 antigen complex	Mus musculus	40-44
16374540-0	2006	Induction of endonuclease G-mediated apopotosis in human oral squamous cell carcinoma cells by protein kinase C inhibitor safingol.	safingol	122-130	endonuclease G	Homo sapiens	13-27
16475687-0	2006	Sphinganine causes early activation of JNK and p38 MAPK and inhibition of AKT activation in HT-29 human colon cancer cells.	safingol	0-11	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	39-42
16475687-0	2006	Sphinganine causes early activation of JNK and p38 MAPK and inhibition of AKT activation in HT-29 human colon cancer cells.	safingol	0-11	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	47-50
16475687-0	2006	Sphinganine causes early activation of JNK and p38 MAPK and inhibition of AKT activation in HT-29 human colon cancer cells.	safingol	0-11	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	74-77
16475687-2	2006	The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sphinganine, at a concentration that induces apoptosis, on the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including ERK1/ERK2, JNK2/JNK1, and p38 MAPK and AKT (protein kinase B), which regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis.	safingol	61-72	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	176-180
16475687-2	2006	The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sphinganine, at a concentration that induces apoptosis, on the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including ERK1/ERK2, JNK2/JNK1, and p38 MAPK and AKT (protein kinase B), which regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis.	safingol	61-72	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	181-185
16475687-2	2006	The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sphinganine, at a concentration that induces apoptosis, on the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including ERK1/ERK2, JNK2/JNK1, and p38 MAPK and AKT (protein kinase B), which regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis.	safingol	61-72	mitogen-activated protein kinase 9	Homo sapiens	187-191
16475687-2	2006	The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sphinganine, at a concentration that induces apoptosis, on the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including ERK1/ERK2, JNK2/JNK1, and p38 MAPK and AKT (protein kinase B), which regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis.	safingol	61-72	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	192-196
16475687-2	2006	The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sphinganine, at a concentration that induces apoptosis, on the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including ERK1/ERK2, JNK2/JNK1, and p38 MAPK and AKT (protein kinase B), which regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis.	safingol	61-72	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	202-205
16475687-2	2006	The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sphinganine, at a concentration that induces apoptosis, on the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including ERK1/ERK2, JNK2/JNK1, and p38 MAPK and AKT (protein kinase B), which regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis.	safingol	61-72	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	159-163
16475687-2	2006	The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of sphinganine, at a concentration that induces apoptosis, on the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) including ERK1/ERK2, JNK2/JNK1, and p38 MAPK and AKT (protein kinase B), which regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis.	safingol	61-72	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	215-218
16475687-4	2006	Sphinganine clearly increased the active phosphorylated forms of JNK2/JNK1 and p38 MAPK after 15, 30, and 60 min treatment, with minimal effects on activation of ERK1/ERK2.	safingol	0-11	mitogen-activated protein kinase 9	Homo sapiens	65-69
16475687-4	2006	Sphinganine clearly increased the active phosphorylated forms of JNK2/JNK1 and p38 MAPK after 15, 30, and 60 min treatment, with minimal effects on activation of ERK1/ERK2.	safingol	0-11	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	70-74
16475687-4	2006	Sphinganine clearly increased the active phosphorylated forms of JNK2/JNK1 and p38 MAPK after 15, 30, and 60 min treatment, with minimal effects on activation of ERK1/ERK2.	safingol	0-11	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	79-82
16475687-5	2006	Sphinganine weakly inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT at ser473 after 30 and 60 min.	safingol	0-11	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	52-55
16475687-7	2006	The findings are consistent with a mechanism by which sphinganine induces apoptosis in HT-29 cells via early and strong activation of JNK and p38 MAPK and weak inhibition of AKT activation.	safingol	54-65	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	134-137
16475687-7	2006	The findings are consistent with a mechanism by which sphinganine induces apoptosis in HT-29 cells via early and strong activation of JNK and p38 MAPK and weak inhibition of AKT activation.	safingol	54-65	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	142-145
16475687-7	2006	The findings are consistent with a mechanism by which sphinganine induces apoptosis in HT-29 cells via early and strong activation of JNK and p38 MAPK and weak inhibition of AKT activation.	safingol	54-65	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	174-177
16374540-1	2006	PKC inhibitor safingol suppressed the growth of human oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells significantly at concentrations that inhibit PKC isoforms.	safingol	14-22	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	0-3
16374540-1	2006	PKC inhibitor safingol suppressed the growth of human oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cells significantly at concentrations that inhibit PKC isoforms.	safingol	14-22	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	140-143
16374540-2	2006	Safingol inhibited the translocation of PKC following treatment with 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) in PKC alpha-EGFP-transfected cells, but not in PKC beta-EGFP- transfected cells, indicating selective inhibition for PKC alpha in oral SCC cells.	safingol	0-8	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	40-43
16374540-2	2006	Safingol inhibited the translocation of PKC following treatment with 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) in PKC alpha-EGFP-transfected cells, but not in PKC beta-EGFP- transfected cells, indicating selective inhibition for PKC alpha in oral SCC cells.	safingol	0-8	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	115-124
16374540-2	2006	Safingol inhibited the translocation of PKC following treatment with 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol 13-acetate (TPA) in PKC alpha-EGFP-transfected cells, but not in PKC beta-EGFP- transfected cells, indicating selective inhibition for PKC alpha in oral SCC cells.	safingol	0-8	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	230-239
16374540-8	2006	These results suggest that PKC alpha inhibitor safingol induces an endonuclease G- mediated apoptosis in a caspase-independent manner.	safingol	47-55	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	27-36
16374540-8	2006	These results suggest that PKC alpha inhibitor safingol induces an endonuclease G- mediated apoptosis in a caspase-independent manner.	safingol	47-55	endonuclease G	Homo sapiens	67-81
16698674-8	2006	The SphK-inhibitor dihydro-sphingosine (DHS) reduced migration of iDC but not of mDC.	safingol	19-38	sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	4-8
16698674-8	2006	The SphK-inhibitor dihydro-sphingosine (DHS) reduced migration of iDC but not of mDC.	safingol	40-43	sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	4-8
16221962-4	2006	Events linking disruption of sphingolipid metabolism and fumonisin toxicity are not fully understood; however, Sa and So were shown to bind mouse recombinant peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) in vitro.	safingol	111-113	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	158-206
16221962-4	2006	Events linking disruption of sphingolipid metabolism and fumonisin toxicity are not fully understood; however, Sa and So were shown to bind mouse recombinant peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) in vitro.	safingol	111-113	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Mus musculus	208-217
16005069-10	2005	In BV-2 cells and primary astrocytes, the expression of TNFalpha and IL-1beta analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction was downregulated at 6 or 24 h. In all cell types tested the FB1 treatment caused accumulation of free sphinganine and decrease in free sphingosine levels at selected time points.	safingol	229-240	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	56-64
16005069-10	2005	In BV-2 cells and primary astrocytes, the expression of TNFalpha and IL-1beta analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction was downregulated at 6 or 24 h. In all cell types tested the FB1 treatment caused accumulation of free sphinganine and decrease in free sphingosine levels at selected time points.	safingol	229-240	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	69-77
15929099-7	2005	Following safingol treatment, several genes showed marked downregulation and PKC-related proteins demonstrated decreased hybridization signals.	safingol	10-18	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	77-80
15737611-3	2005	In the present study, SPL-null F9 cells were able to convert radiolabeled dihydrosphingosine to glycerophospholipids, albeit at much lower efficiency than parent cells.	safingol	74-92	sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1	Homo sapiens	22-25
15716590-6	2005	Because luteal cells, in the presence of the sphingosine kinase inhibitor dihydrosphingosine, can overcome the inhibitory effects of LPA on steroid synthesis, we suggest the possible requirement of intracellular S1P production.	safingol	74-92	sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1	Mus musculus	212-215
15545514-4	2004	METHODS AND RESULTS: Diet-admix treatment of apoE-KO mice with myriocin in Western diet for 12 weeks lowered SM and sphinganine plasma levels.	safingol	116-127	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	45-49
15665242-6	2005	In contrast, mammalian SphK1 efficiently phosphorylated Sph, dihydrosphingosine, and 4,8-sphingadienine, but not the 4-hydroxylated long-chain bases Phyto-Sph and 4-hydroxy-8-sphingenine.	safingol	61-79	sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	23-28
15448167-12	2004	The LHRH-induced inhibition of Akt stimulated by IGF-1 was completely blocked by Safingol, a protein kinase C (PKC) alpha-specific inhibitor, and by a dominant negative form of PKCalpha.	safingol	81-89	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Homo sapiens	4-8
15448167-12	2004	The LHRH-induced inhibition of Akt stimulated by IGF-1 was completely blocked by Safingol, a protein kinase C (PKC) alpha-specific inhibitor, and by a dominant negative form of PKCalpha.	safingol	81-89	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	31-34
15448167-12	2004	The LHRH-induced inhibition of Akt stimulated by IGF-1 was completely blocked by Safingol, a protein kinase C (PKC) alpha-specific inhibitor, and by a dominant negative form of PKCalpha.	safingol	81-89	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	49-54
15448167-12	2004	The LHRH-induced inhibition of Akt stimulated by IGF-1 was completely blocked by Safingol, a protein kinase C (PKC) alpha-specific inhibitor, and by a dominant negative form of PKCalpha.	safingol	81-89	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	93-121
15313909-4	2004	Safingol, a PKCalpha inhibitor, had similar but less pronounced effects.	safingol	0-8	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	12-20
15565732-7	2004	Furthermore, by the MS3 analyses of [M-CH3]- specifically obtained from SM molecules, identification of sphingosine or sphinganine derivatives and their N-acyl species can also be effectively obtained.	safingol	119-130	MS3	Homo sapiens	20-23
15116344-1	2004	Saccharomyces cerevisiae sphinganine C4-hydroxylase encoded by the SUR2 gene catalyses the conversion of sphinganine to phytosphingosine.	safingol	25-36	sphingosine hydroxylase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	67-71
15116344-2	2004	We isolated the SUR2 gene from Pichia ciferrii using nucleotide sequence homology to S. cerevisiae SUR2 to study hydroxylation of sphinganine in the sphingoid base overproducing yeast P. ciferrii.	safingol	130-141	sphingosine hydroxylase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	16-20
14729403-3	2004	The aim of this study was to investigate the short-term temporal and concentration-dependent effects of FB(1) on PKC isoforms present in LLC-PK(1) cells in relation to the FB(1)-induced accumulation of sphinganine and sphingosine utilizing various inhibitors and activators.	safingol	202-213	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	113-116
14731113-1	2004	The C-4 hydroxylation of sphinganine and dihydroceramide is a rate-limiting reaction in the biosynthesis of phytosphingolipids.	safingol	25-36	complement component 4B (Chido blood group)	Mus musculus	4-7
14731113-5	2004	Here, we report the characterization of mouse DES2 (MDES2) using an in vitro assay with a homogenate of COS-7 cells transfected with MDES2 cDNA and N -octanoyl-sphinganine and sphinganine as substrates.	safingol	160-171	delta(4)-desaturase, sphingolipid 2	Mus musculus	46-50
14722105-4	2004	Sphingosine and sphinganine, but not ceramide or sphingosine-1-phosphate, down-regulated thrombin generation on platelet surfaces (IC(50) = 2.4 and 1.4 microm for sphingosine and sphinganine, respectively) as well as in whole plasma clotting assays.	safingol	16-27	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	89-97
13130120-5	2004	Four molecular species of endogenous free sphingoid bases were observed in adult flies and identified as C14 and C16 sphingosine (Sph) and C14 and C16 dihydrosphingosine (DHS).	safingol	171-174	Bem46	Drosophila melanogaster	147-150
12699912-8	2003	Fumonisin B(1) (10 microM), sphinganine, sphingosine and ceramide (1 microM each) significantly repressed PKC-alpha and -delta isoforms at 48 h, whereas all the exogenously added sphingolipids significantly repressed PKC- epsilon and zeta similar to fumonisin B(1).	safingol	28-39	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	106-143
14654222-0	2003	Cycloserine and threo-dihydrosphingosine inhibit TNF-alpha-induced cytotoxicity: evidence for the importance of de novo ceramide synthesis in TNF-alpha signaling.	safingol	16-40	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	49-58
14597763-7	2003	In Arnt-null epidermis, 4-sphingenine was largely replaced by sphinganine and the amounts of ceramides with 4-hydroxysphinganine were greatly decreased, suggesting deficiency of dihydroceramide desaturases that catalyze the formation of both 4-sphingenyl and 4-hydroxysphinganyl moieties.	safingol	62-73	aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator	Mus musculus	3-7
12912983-9	2003	Moreover, in homogenates from TRH4-overexpressing cells, sphinganine, rather than sphingosine was the preferred substrate, whereas no preference was seen in homogenates from TRH1-overexpressing cells.	safingol	57-68	ceramide synthase 5	Homo sapiens	30-34
12783875-9	2003	Metabolic labeling studies showed that overexpression of maCER1 caused a decrease in the incorporation of radiolabeled dihydrosphingosine into ceramide and complex sphingolipids but led to a concomitant increase in sphingosine-1-P (S1P) in HeLa cells.	safingol	119-137	alkaline ceramidase 1	Mus musculus	57-63
12699912-8	2003	Fumonisin B(1) (10 microM), sphinganine, sphingosine and ceramide (1 microM each) significantly repressed PKC-alpha and -delta isoforms at 48 h, whereas all the exogenously added sphingolipids significantly repressed PKC- epsilon and zeta similar to fumonisin B(1).	safingol	28-39	protein kinase C epsilon	Homo sapiens	217-229
12699912-10	2003	This study demonstrated that selective and transient activation of PKCalpha may be due to the fumonisin B(1)-induced accumulation of the bioactive sphinganine-1-phosphate, whereas the long-term repression of PKC isoforms may be predominantly due to the accumulation of sphinganine or its metabolite, and to a lesser extent sphingosine or its metabolite in LLC-PK(1) cells.	safingol	147-158	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	67-75
12699912-10	2003	This study demonstrated that selective and transient activation of PKCalpha may be due to the fumonisin B(1)-induced accumulation of the bioactive sphinganine-1-phosphate, whereas the long-term repression of PKC isoforms may be predominantly due to the accumulation of sphinganine or its metabolite, and to a lesser extent sphingosine or its metabolite in LLC-PK(1) cells.	safingol	147-158	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	67-70
12551748-4	2003	The cell death was suppressed by a protein kinase C (PKC) activator, 12,13-phorbol myristate acetate, but was enhanced by PKC specific inhibitor calphostin C or bisindolylmaleimide, not by PKC inhibitor relatively specific for PKC-alpha (safingol) or PKC-delta (rottlerin).	safingol	238-246	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
12694376-4	2003	Treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), a PKC activator, markedly promoted lamellipodia formation, while safingol (a PKC alpha-selective inhibitor) blocked the TPA-induced lamellipodial actin structure.	safingol	124-132	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	136-145
12551748-4	2003	The cell death was suppressed by a protein kinase C (PKC) activator, 12,13-phorbol myristate acetate, but was enhanced by PKC specific inhibitor calphostin C or bisindolylmaleimide, not by PKC inhibitor relatively specific for PKC-alpha (safingol) or PKC-delta (rottlerin).	safingol	238-246	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	122-125
12551748-4	2003	The cell death was suppressed by a protein kinase C (PKC) activator, 12,13-phorbol myristate acetate, but was enhanced by PKC specific inhibitor calphostin C or bisindolylmaleimide, not by PKC inhibitor relatively specific for PKC-alpha (safingol) or PKC-delta (rottlerin).	safingol	238-246	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	122-125
12431789-9	2002	The cPKC inhibitors, Go 6976 and safingol, caused a similar increase in TPA- and CCK-stimulated PKC-delta TYR-P.	safingol	33-41	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	81-84
12391098-3	2003	Intratracheal instillation of TNF-alpha in adult rats led to a twofold increase in the amount of surfactant-associated ceramide and tended to decrease levels of sphingomyelin without significantly altering sphingosine or sphinganine content.	safingol	221-232	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	30-39
12694376-5	2003	Both wound-healing and Boyden migration assays showed that TPA treatment promoted neuronal migration of GT1 cells; however, cotreatment of TPA with safingol or rottlerin (a PKC delta-selective inhibitor) clearly blocked this TPA effect, indicating that both PKC alpha and PKC delta may be positive regulators of neuronal migration.	safingol	148-156	beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	104-107
12694376-5	2003	Both wound-healing and Boyden migration assays showed that TPA treatment promoted neuronal migration of GT1 cells; however, cotreatment of TPA with safingol or rottlerin (a PKC delta-selective inhibitor) clearly blocked this TPA effect, indicating that both PKC alpha and PKC delta may be positive regulators of neuronal migration.	safingol	148-156	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	173-182
12694376-5	2003	Both wound-healing and Boyden migration assays showed that TPA treatment promoted neuronal migration of GT1 cells; however, cotreatment of TPA with safingol or rottlerin (a PKC delta-selective inhibitor) clearly blocked this TPA effect, indicating that both PKC alpha and PKC delta may be positive regulators of neuronal migration.	safingol	148-156	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	258-267
12694376-5	2003	Both wound-healing and Boyden migration assays showed that TPA treatment promoted neuronal migration of GT1 cells; however, cotreatment of TPA with safingol or rottlerin (a PKC delta-selective inhibitor) clearly blocked this TPA effect, indicating that both PKC alpha and PKC delta may be positive regulators of neuronal migration.	safingol	148-156	protein kinase C delta	Homo sapiens	272-281
12472895-9	2002	Specific inhibition of PKCalpha with safingol blocked the phosphorylation of ERK induced by TPA.	safingol	37-45	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	23-31
12472895-9	2002	Specific inhibition of PKCalpha with safingol blocked the phosphorylation of ERK induced by TPA.	safingol	37-45	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	77-80
12445127-8	2002	In the presence of pathologically significant concentrations of AAL-toxin however, asc/asc leaf discs showed severely reduced labeling of sphingolipids and increased label in dihydrosphingosine (DHS) and 3-ketodihydrosphingosine (3-KDHS).	safingol	175-193	alternaria stem canker resistance protein 1	Solanum lycopersicum	83-86
12445127-8	2002	In the presence of pathologically significant concentrations of AAL-toxin however, asc/asc leaf discs showed severely reduced labeling of sphingolipids and increased label in dihydrosphingosine (DHS) and 3-ketodihydrosphingosine (3-KDHS).	safingol	175-193	alternaria stem canker resistance protein 1	Solanum lycopersicum	87-90
12445127-8	2002	In the presence of pathologically significant concentrations of AAL-toxin however, asc/asc leaf discs showed severely reduced labeling of sphingolipids and increased label in dihydrosphingosine (DHS) and 3-ketodihydrosphingosine (3-KDHS).	safingol	195-198	alternaria stem canker resistance protein 1	Solanum lycopersicum	83-86
12445127-8	2002	In the presence of pathologically significant concentrations of AAL-toxin however, asc/asc leaf discs showed severely reduced labeling of sphingolipids and increased label in dihydrosphingosine (DHS) and 3-ketodihydrosphingosine (3-KDHS).	safingol	195-198	alternaria stem canker resistance protein 1	Solanum lycopersicum	87-90
12034738-6	2002	We demonstrated that cells overproducing Rsb1p showed a decrease in accumulation of exogenously added sphingosine and dihydrosphingosine because of their increased release.	safingol	118-136	phospholipid-translocating ATPase RSB1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	41-46
11601888-11	2001	Sphinganine appears to mediate the effect because betaFA reduces induction of calmodulin mRNA by fumonisin B(1).	safingol	0-11	calmodulin 1	Homo sapiens	78-88
12011476-6	2002	This persistence in renal cells was rapidly reversed in the presence of the serine palmitoyltransferase inhibitor (ISP-1), indicating that the persistence was due to differences in the rates of sphinganine biosynthesis and degradation.	safingol	194-205	protease, serine 28	Mus musculus	115-120
11967828-9	2002	Two new compounds, C(16) DHS and C(16) DHS-P, were identified, with the latter being degraded by the Dpl1p lyase.	safingol	25-28	sphinganine-1-phosphate aldolase DPL1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	101-106
18498489-4	2002	This study shows that this sphinganine-derived ceramide (i.e. C18-dhCer) binds to African-American hair and protects it from weakening caused by chemicals.	safingol	27-38	Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9	Homo sapiens	62-65
11726713-5	2001	Expression of this open reading frame in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant strains defective in SPT activity resulted in the expression of a significant level of sphinganine, suggesting that AtLCB2 cDNA encodes SPT.	safingol	164-175	long chain base2	Arabidopsis thaliana	193-199
11914646-7	2002	Using the colorimetric MTT assay, PKC inhibitors Saf and Che showed comparable dose-dependent growth inhibition.	safingol	49-52	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	34-37
11914646-9	2002	Combinations of cisplatin (IC50 = 0.4-5.8 microg/ml) and either PKC inhibitor (5 microM Saf, 10 microM Che) led to a significant decrease of cisplatin IC50 values in most cell lines.	safingol	88-91	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	64-67
11451996-4	2001	With the use of PKC alpha--specific inhibitors (safingol, Go6976) as well as the PKC delta--specific inhibitor rottlerin, we showed that only PKC alpha plays a major role in the regulation of tumor cell migration.	safingol	48-56	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	142-151
11431347-5	2001	Treatment of CHLA-90 with 4-HPR for 2 h, in the presence of [(3)H]palmitic acid, caused sequential formation of [(3)H]sphinganine (220% over control) and [(3)H]ceramide (160% over control), with sphinganine returning to baseline at 4 h, and ceramide continuing to increase (215% over control).	safingol	118-129	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	28-31
11431347-5	2001	Treatment of CHLA-90 with 4-HPR for 2 h, in the presence of [(3)H]palmitic acid, caused sequential formation of [(3)H]sphinganine (220% over control) and [(3)H]ceramide (160% over control), with sphinganine returning to baseline at 4 h, and ceramide continuing to increase (215% over control).	safingol	195-206	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	28-31
11171192-6	2000	The recombinant AtLcbk1 protein was found to utilize ATP and sphinganine.	safingol	61-72	long-chain base (LCB) kinase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	16-23
11387200-3	2001	Here we show that microsomes or detergent extracts from lag1lac1 double mutants lack an activity transferring C26 fatty acids from C26-coenzyme A onto dihydrosphingosine or phytosphingosine.	safingol	151-169	sphingosine N-acyltransferase LAG1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	56-64
11258664-2	2001	Here we show that the G protein-coupled bradykinin B2 receptor activates sphingosine kinase leading to a time- and dose-dependent elevation of cellular sphingosine 1-phosphate levels that was blocked by the sphingosine kinase inhibitor dihydrosphingosine.	safingol	236-254	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	40-50
11258664-2	2001	Here we show that the G protein-coupled bradykinin B2 receptor activates sphingosine kinase leading to a time- and dose-dependent elevation of cellular sphingosine 1-phosphate levels that was blocked by the sphingosine kinase inhibitor dihydrosphingosine.	safingol	236-254	bradykinin receptor B2	Homo sapiens	51-62
11936187-8	2001	The fibronectin-induced calcium signals were also clearly depressed by pertussis toxin and by the sphingosine kinase inhibitors DMS, dihydrosphingosine (DHS), and N-Ac-Sp.	safingol	133-151	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	4-15
11936187-8	2001	The fibronectin-induced calcium signals were also clearly depressed by pertussis toxin and by the sphingosine kinase inhibitors DMS, dihydrosphingosine (DHS), and N-Ac-Sp.	safingol	153-156	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	4-15
11190577-10	2001	Despite these problems, PKC modulators such as miltefosine, bryostatin, safingol, CGP41251 and UCN-01 are used in the clinic or are in clinical evaluation.	safingol	72-80	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	24-27
11106681-2	2000	Our goal was to determine if several molecules that inhibit enzymes involved in ceramide metabolism-L-threo-dihydrosphingosine (safingol), d, l-threo-1-phenyl-2-hexadecanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (PPMP), and tamoxifen-enhanced 4-HPR-mediated cytotoxicity and/or affected ceramide levels.	safingol	100-126	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	236-239
11106681-2	2000	Our goal was to determine if several molecules that inhibit enzymes involved in ceramide metabolism-L-threo-dihydrosphingosine (safingol), d, l-threo-1-phenyl-2-hexadecanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (PPMP), and tamoxifen-enhanced 4-HPR-mediated cytotoxicity and/or affected ceramide levels.	safingol	128-136	haptoglobin-related protein	Homo sapiens	236-239
11102354-6	2000	SUR2 catalyzes conversion of dihydrosphingosine to phytosphingosine.	safingol	29-47	sphingosine hydroxylase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-4
10900202-7	2000	In contrast to YPC1p, YDC1p had only minor in vitro reverse activity of catalyzing dihydroceramide formation from a free fatty acid and dihydrosphingosine and no activity with phytosphingosine.	safingol	136-154	alkaline dihydroceramidase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	22-27
10523394-13	1999	DPI and sphinganine inhibited Ang II-induced DNA and protein synthesis.	safingol	8-19	angiogenin	Homo sapiens	30-33
10802064-5	2000	hSPHK1 also specifically phosphorylated D-erythro-sphingosine and to a lesser extent sphinganine, but not other lipids, such as D,L-threo-dihydrosphingosine, N, N-dimethylsphingosine, diacylglycerol, ceramide, or phosphatidylinositol.	safingol	85-96	sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	0-6
10804017-5	2000	Specific PKC antagonists safingol and Go6976 attenuated PTH(1-34)-mediated increases in TGF-beta1 but not TGF-beta2 synthesis.	safingol	25-33	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	56-59
10713067-5	2000	S. cerevisiae cells lacking the TSC3 gene have a temperature-sensitive lethal phenotype that is reversed by supplying 3-ketosphinganine, dihydrosphingosine, or phytosphingosine in the growth medium.	safingol	137-155	Tsc3p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	32-36
10803922-2	2000	Safingol (SAF), a PKC inhibitor, has been shown to enhance apoptosis induced by mitomycin-C (MMC) in human gastric cancer MKN-74 cells.	safingol	0-8	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	18-21
10983896-4	2000	Rottlerin, a selective inhibitor for PKCdelta, and safingol, a specific inhibitor for PKCalpha, both markedly inhibited arsenite-induced AP-1 activity.	safingol	51-59	protein kinase C alpha	Homo sapiens	86-94
10983896-6	2000	Arsenite-induced phosphorylation of Erks was inhibited by rottlerin, while safingol inhibited arsenite-induced phosphorylation of JNKs and p38 kinases.	safingol	75-83	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	139-142
10804017-5	2000	Specific PKC antagonists safingol and Go6976 attenuated PTH(1-34)-mediated increases in TGF-beta1 but not TGF-beta2 synthesis.	safingol	25-33	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	88-97
10477278-10	1999	Using labelled dihydrosphingosine and dihydrosphingosine-1-P (DHS-1-P), we found that overexpression of YSR2 significantly increased ceramide formation, whereas deletion of YSR2, YSR3, or both, accumulated DHS-1-P, and deletion of YSR2 decreased ceramide formation.	safingol	15-33	sphinganine kinase LCB3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	104-108
9473533-5	1998	Both FB1 and AP1 caused the accumulation of sphinganine (25- and 35-fold by 10 microM FB1 and 50 microM AP1, respectively); thus, concentrations of FB1 and AP1 that caused comparable reductions in cell number were also similar with respect to elevation of sphinganine, a compound that is growth inhibitory and cytotoxic.	safingol	44-55	JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	13-16
9804843-5	1998	3-Ketosphinganine reductase (Tsc10p) is essential for growth in the absence of exogenous dihydrosphingosine or phytosphingosine.	safingol	89-107	3-dehydrosphinganine reductase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	29-35
9804843-10	1998	These data indicate that Tsc10p is necessary and sufficient for catalyzing the NADPH-dependent reduction of 3-ketosphinganine to dihydrosphingosine.	safingol	129-147	3-dehydrosphinganine reductase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	25-31
9685859-7	1998	Sphingosine, dihydrosphingosine, N,N-dimethylsphingosine, and the PKC inhibitor H7 inhibited the activation of monocytes by IL-2, blocking cytotoxic activity against the leukemic cells by approximately 75%.	safingol	13-31	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	124-128
9885231-1	1999	In the present study, we investigated the mechanism by which sphingosine and its analogues, dihydrosphingosine and phytosphingosine, inhibit polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized erythrocytes (EIgG) and inhibit ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation.	safingol	92-110	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	237-241
9885231-1	1999	In the present study, we investigated the mechanism by which sphingosine and its analogues, dihydrosphingosine and phytosphingosine, inhibit polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized erythrocytes (EIgG) and inhibit ERK1 and ERK2 phosphorylation.	safingol	92-110	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	246-250
10665476-7	1999	Such chemosensitizing strategies can involve either (a) direct inhibition of PKC (e.g., following acute treatment with relatively specific inhibitors such as the synthetic sphingoid base analog safingol, or the novel staurosporine derivatives UCN-01 and CGP-41251) or (b) down-regulation (e.g., following chronic treatment with the non-tumor-promoting PKC activator bryostatin 1).	safingol	194-202	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	77-80
9748140-2	1998	Other protein kinase C/cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors, including flavopiridol and safingol, had a similar effect on TS protein expression, but to a lesser degree.	safingol	86-94	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	120-122
9668088-4	1998	Both FB1 and, to a lesser extent, AP1 inhibit ceramide synthase due to structural similarities between fumonisins (as 1-deoxy-analogs of sphinganine) and sphingoid bases.	safingol	137-148	JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	34-37
9668088-9	1998	PAP1 was at least 10 times more toxic than FB1 or AP1 and caused sphinganine accumulation as an inhibitor of ceramide synthase.	safingol	65-76	methyltransferase like 9	Homo sapiens	0-4
9668088-9	1998	PAP1 was at least 10 times more toxic than FB1 or AP1 and caused sphinganine accumulation as an inhibitor of ceramide synthase.	safingol	65-76	JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	1-4
9473533-5	1998	Both FB1 and AP1 caused the accumulation of sphinganine (25- and 35-fold by 10 microM FB1 and 50 microM AP1, respectively); thus, concentrations of FB1 and AP1 that caused comparable reductions in cell number were also similar with respect to elevation of sphinganine, a compound that is growth inhibitory and cytotoxic.	safingol	44-55	JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	104-107
9821863-1	1998	The ability of dihydrosphingosine to release Ca2+ from intracellular stores in neurones was investigated by combining the whole cell patch clamp technique with intracellular flash photolysis of caged, N-(2-nitrobenzyl)dihydrosphingosine.	safingol	15-33	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	45-48
9473533-5	1998	Both FB1 and AP1 caused the accumulation of sphinganine (25- and 35-fold by 10 microM FB1 and 50 microM AP1, respectively); thus, concentrations of FB1 and AP1 that caused comparable reductions in cell number were also similar with respect to elevation of sphinganine, a compound that is growth inhibitory and cytotoxic.	safingol	44-55	JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	104-107
9473533-5	1998	Both FB1 and AP1 caused the accumulation of sphinganine (25- and 35-fold by 10 microM FB1 and 50 microM AP1, respectively); thus, concentrations of FB1 and AP1 that caused comparable reductions in cell number were also similar with respect to elevation of sphinganine, a compound that is growth inhibitory and cytotoxic.	safingol	256-267	JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	13-16
9821863-3	1998	Cultured dorsal root ganglion neurones from neonatal rats were voltage clamped at -90 mV and inward whole cell Ca2+-activated currents were recorded in response to intracellular photorelease of dihydrosphingosine.	safingol	194-212	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	111-114
9821863-9	1998	The responses to photoreleased dihydrosphingosine were inhibited by intracellular application of 20 mM EGTA, 10 microM ryanodine or extracellular application of 10 microM dantrolene, but persisted when Ca2+ free saline was applied to the extracellular environment.	safingol	31-49	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	202-205
9821863-10	1998	Intracellular application of uncaged dihydrosphingosine evoked responses which were attenuated by photolysis of the caged Ca2+ chelator Diazo-2.	safingol	37-55	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	122-125
9821863-12	1998	We conclude that dihydrosphingosine directly or indirectly mobilises Ca2+ from ryanodine-sensitive intracellular stores in cultured sensory neurones.	safingol	17-35	carbonic anhydrase 2	Rattus norvegicus	69-72
9252561-6	1997	SMC from fetuses and hypoxic calves were more susceptible to the growth-inhibiting effects of PKC antagonists (dihydrosphingosine and calphostin C) than control neonatal and adult cells.	safingol	111-129	protein kinase C alpha	Bos taurus	94-97
9228043-11	1997	Furthermore, the suppression of CYP2C11 by C2-Cer (and C2-DHCer) is probably mediated by free sphingoid bases, rather than the short chain Cer directly, because both are hydrolyzed by hepatocytes and increase cellular levels of sphingosine and sphinganine.	safingol	244-255	cytochrome P450, subfamily 2, polypeptide 11	Rattus norvegicus	32-39
9374502-5	1997	Treatment of cells with dihydrosphingosine activates transcription of the TPS2 gene encoding a subunit of trehalose synthase and causes trehalose, a known thermoprotectant, to accumulate.	safingol	24-42	trehalose-phosphatase TPS2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	74-78
9374502-7	1997	The TPS2 promoter contains four STREs that may mediate dihydrosphingosine responsiveness.	safingol	55-73	trehalose-phosphatase TPS2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-8
9186373-0	1997	Protein kinase C mediated anti-proliferative glucocorticoid-sphinganine synergism in cultured Pollard III prostate tumor cells.	safingol	60-71	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	0-16
9038174-1	1997	Sphingosine, sphinganine, and other long-chain (sphingoid) bases are highly bioactive intermediates of sphingolipid metabolism that have diverse effects when added to cells, including the inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) as evaluated by both enzymatic activity and [3H]phorbol dibutyrate ([3H]PDBu) binding.	safingol	13-24	protein kinase C, delta	Mus musculus	220-223
9186373-4	1997	RESULTS: Triamcinolone (TA) and sphinganine synergized to inhibit the proliferation rate of PA III prostate tumor cells by converging through separate mechanisms to inhibit protein kinase C.	safingol	32-43	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	173-189
9186373-6	1997	Exogenous sphinganine, a competitive inhibitor at the regulatory domain of PKC had no anti-proliferative effect at 1 microM, but in combination with TA synergized to reduce proliferation 80-90%, three days in advance of any detectable inhibitory effect of TA alone on cell number.	safingol	10-21	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	75-78
9186373-13	1997	CONCLUSIONS: TA-induced reduction of PKC concentration coupled with sphinganine antagonism of PKC activation contributed to in a synergistic growth inhibition of an androgen resistant prostatic carcinoma.	safingol	68-79	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	94-97
8863491-3	1996	Four main LCBs were components of the total LCB mixtures of cultured cells: C18-sphingosine, C18-sphinganine, C20-sphingosine, and C20-sphinganine.	safingol	93-108	clathrin, light chain B	Rattus norvegicus	10-13
9547581-1	1997	The sphingosine analog L-threo-dihydrosphingosine has been shown to inhibit protein kinase C (PKC) isoenzymes in mixed micelle and vesicle assays.	safingol	23-49	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	76-92
9547581-1	1997	The sphingosine analog L-threo-dihydrosphingosine has been shown to inhibit protein kinase C (PKC) isoenzymes in mixed micelle and vesicle assays.	safingol	23-49	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	94-97
9147607-8	1997	While adequate PKC modulation might offer an attractive concept to modulate MDR, other potential mechanisms of PKC interaction with anticancer drugs exist and have been documented, such as the enhancement of chemotherapy-induced apoptosis by safingol, a specific PKC inhibitor.	safingol	242-250	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	111-114
9147607-8	1997	While adequate PKC modulation might offer an attractive concept to modulate MDR, other potential mechanisms of PKC interaction with anticancer drugs exist and have been documented, such as the enhancement of chemotherapy-induced apoptosis by safingol, a specific PKC inhibitor.	safingol	242-250	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	111-114
9038174-8	1997	Elevation of endogenous sphinganine by a second method (addition of fumonisin B1, an inhibitor of ceramide synthase) also reduced [3H]PDBu binding; therefore, elevations in sphingosine and sphinganine can both affect PKC.	safingol	24-35	protein kinase C, delta	Mus musculus	217-220
8641201-4	1996	Sphinganine, a normal cellular product that is a known inhibitor of PKC, significantly inhibited PTH secretion at low extracellular calcium, but had no significant effect at normal or high extracellular calcium.	safingol	0-11	parathyroid hormone	Bos taurus	97-100
7556883-0	1995	Retinoic acid induction of mouse cellular retinoic acid-binding protein-I gene expression is enhanced by sphinganine.	safingol	105-116	cellular retinoic acid binding protein I	Mus musculus	33-73
8550561-9	1996	Ceramide, sphingosylphosphocholine, stearylamine, sphingosine 1-phosphate, or sphingomyelin are not substrates, whereas sphinganine has a limited capacity to accept the acetate from PAF.	safingol	120-131	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	182-185
8843466-7	1996	Because FB1 has a close molecular resemblance to sphinganine, it interferes with ceramide biosynthesis and, hence, the processes that it regulates, which is thought to explain its carcinogenic properties.	safingol	49-60	TCF3 fusion partner	Homo sapiens	8-11
7592889-4	1995	Drug accumulation changes in MCF-7 DOXR cells treated with safingol were accompanied by inhibition of basal and phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate-stimulated phosphorylation of P-glycoprotein (P-gp).	safingol	59-67	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	167-181
7592889-4	1995	Drug accumulation changes in MCF-7 DOXR cells treated with safingol were accompanied by inhibition of basal and phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate-stimulated phosphorylation of P-glycoprotein (P-gp).	safingol	59-67	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	183-187
7592889-8	1995	We conclude that enhanced drug accumulation and sensitivity in MCF-7 DOXR cells treated with safingol are correlated with inhibition of PKC rather than competitive interference with P-gp drug binding through direct interaction with P-glycoprotein.	safingol	93-101	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	182-186
7592889-8	1995	We conclude that enhanced drug accumulation and sensitivity in MCF-7 DOXR cells treated with safingol are correlated with inhibition of PKC rather than competitive interference with P-gp drug binding through direct interaction with P-glycoprotein.	safingol	93-101	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1	Homo sapiens	232-246
7658500-0	1995	Potentiation of apoptosis by treatment with the protein kinase C-specific inhibitor safingol in mitomycin C-treated gastric cancer cells.	safingol	84-92	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	48-64
7658500-2	1995	Safingol, an optical isomer (the L-threo enantiomer) of dihydrosphingosine, is a specific inhibitor of PKC and might represent a novel agent for anticancer therapy.	safingol	0-8	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	103-106
7658500-2	1995	Safingol, an optical isomer (the L-threo enantiomer) of dihydrosphingosine, is a specific inhibitor of PKC and might represent a novel agent for anticancer therapy.	safingol	56-74	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	103-106
7658500-15	1995	CONCLUSIONS: The PKC inhibitor safingol enhances the cytotoxic effect of the chemotherapeutic agent MMC in gastric cancer cells by promoting drug-induced apoptosis.	safingol	31-39	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	17-20
7556883-1	1995	Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein-I (CRABP-I) gene expression is induced in mouse embryonal carcinoma P19 cells specifically by retinoic acid (RA) and the induction is enhanced by sphinganine.	safingol	185-196	cellular retinoic acid binding protein I	Mus musculus	0-40
7556883-1	1995	Cellular retinoic acid-binding protein-I (CRABP-I) gene expression is induced in mouse embryonal carcinoma P19 cells specifically by retinoic acid (RA) and the induction is enhanced by sphinganine.	safingol	185-196	cellular retinoic acid binding protein I	Mus musculus	42-49
7556883-2	1995	The effects of retinoic acid and sphinganine on CRABP-I gene expression can be accounted for by a stimulation of its transcription rate.	safingol	33-44	cellular retinoic acid binding protein I	Mus musculus	48-55
8135836-0	1994	Sphinganine potentiation of dimethyl sulfoxide-induced granulocyte differentiation, increase of alkaline phosphatase activity and decrease of protein kinase C activity in a human leukemia cell line (HL-60).	safingol	0-11	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	96-116
7536806-4	1995	The PKC inhibitors calphostin C and dihydrosphingosine (DHS) caused a prompt decrease in voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel activity, but the effect of DHS could be slowed by coaddition of OKA.	safingol	36-54	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
7536806-4	1995	The PKC inhibitors calphostin C and dihydrosphingosine (DHS) caused a prompt decrease in voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel activity, but the effect of DHS could be slowed by coaddition of OKA.	safingol	56-59	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
7536806-4	1995	The PKC inhibitors calphostin C and dihydrosphingosine (DHS) caused a prompt decrease in voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel activity, but the effect of DHS could be slowed by coaddition of OKA.	safingol	148-151	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
12232389-8	1994	Resistant varieties of tomato (Asc/Asc) were much less sensitive to toxin-induced increases in free sphinganine.	safingol	100-111	alternaria stem canker resistance protein 1	Solanum lycopersicum	31-34
12232389-8	1994	Resistant varieties of tomato (Asc/Asc) were much less sensitive to toxin-induced increases in free sphinganine.	safingol	100-111	alternaria stem canker resistance protein 1	Solanum lycopersicum	35-38
7716283-3	1994	The priming effect of VIP was enhanced when neutrophils were stimulated by FMLP in the presence of sphinganine, a protein kinase C inhibitor, at concentrations which almost abolished the response to PMA.	safingol	99-110	vasoactive intestinal peptide	Homo sapiens	22-25
7716283-3	1994	The priming effect of VIP was enhanced when neutrophils were stimulated by FMLP in the presence of sphinganine, a protein kinase C inhibitor, at concentrations which almost abolished the response to PMA.	safingol	99-110	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	75-79
7870198-2	1994	Addition of sphinganine (SP), an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC) enhanced (2-3 fold) the VP-16, MXT, MMC or Act-D-induced differentiation but not the NOVO-induced differentiation.	safingol	12-23	host cell factor C1	Homo sapiens	93-98
7870198-2	1994	Addition of sphinganine (SP), an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC) enhanced (2-3 fold) the VP-16, MXT, MMC or Act-D-induced differentiation but not the NOVO-induced differentiation.	safingol	25-27	host cell factor C1	Homo sapiens	93-98
7870198-4	1994	The addition of SP in the fresh medium after the removal of VP-16, MXT, or MMC (0.5 h treatment) enhanced the induction of differentiation.	safingol	16-18	host cell factor C1	Homo sapiens	60-65
7870198-7	1994	Potentiation of VP-16-induced differentiation by SP was not observed in EGTA- or verapamil-treated cells.	safingol	49-51	host cell factor C1	Homo sapiens	16-21
7870198-8	1994	Calcium supplementation to the cells during the treatment with EGTA restored the SP-potentiation of VP-16-induced differentiation.	safingol	81-83	host cell factor C1	Homo sapiens	100-105
8204660-1	1994	The 20-fold increase of free sphingoid bases found in liver from a murine model of Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) combined to the NPC-like phenotype induced by addition of sphinganine to normal fibroblast cultures prompted us to investigate the potential involvement of these compounds in the human disease.	safingol	167-178	NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1	Homo sapiens	104-107
8204660-1	1994	The 20-fold increase of free sphingoid bases found in liver from a murine model of Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) combined to the NPC-like phenotype induced by addition of sphinganine to normal fibroblast cultures prompted us to investigate the potential involvement of these compounds in the human disease.	safingol	167-178	NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1	Homo sapiens	125-128
8204660-3	1994	In liver and spleen from NPC patients, a 6- to 24-fold elevation of sphingosine and sphinganine already prominent at the fetal stage of the disease was observed, while no clear increase could be evidenced in brain tissue.	safingol	84-95	NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1	Homo sapiens	25-28
8135836-2	1994	The combination of DMSO and sphinganine (SP), a potent inhibitor of PKC, increased in parallel the percentage of mature cells and the ALP activity.	safingol	28-39	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	134-137
8135836-2	1994	The combination of DMSO and sphinganine (SP), a potent inhibitor of PKC, increased in parallel the percentage of mature cells and the ALP activity.	safingol	41-43	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	134-137
1379255-7	1992	The transient PKC activator diC8 had no effect, while studies with the PKC inhibitors sphinganine and H-7 were limited by solvent vehicle cytotoxicity.	safingol	86-97	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	71-74
8379926-7	1993	Phosphorylation of a p18 substrate required higher concentrations of sphingosine (20-100 microM) and showed a significant preference for the erythro isomers of sphingosine and dihydrosphingosine over the threo isomers.	safingol	176-194	H3 histone pseudogene 12	Homo sapiens	21-24
8440177-7	1993	The PKC inhibitors H7 (1 microM), tamoxifen (10 microM), and sphinganine (5 microM) inhibited PTH release at low Ca2+e (0.1 and 0.2 mM) and decreased cell recruitment over the physiological range of Ca2+e.	safingol	61-72	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	4-7
8440177-7	1993	The PKC inhibitors H7 (1 microM), tamoxifen (10 microM), and sphinganine (5 microM) inhibited PTH release at low Ca2+e (0.1 and 0.2 mM) and decreased cell recruitment over the physiological range of Ca2+e.	safingol	61-72	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	94-97
8502130-0	1993	Alkaline phosphatase activity during sphinganine potentiation of retinoic acid-induced differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL-60.	safingol	37-48	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	0-20
8502130-1	1993	Sphinganine (SP) pre-treatment potentiated the retinoic acid (RA)-induced (4-96h exposures) differentiation and increase of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity.	safingol	0-11	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	124-144
8502130-1	1993	Sphinganine (SP) pre-treatment potentiated the retinoic acid (RA)-induced (4-96h exposures) differentiation and increase of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity.	safingol	0-11	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	146-149
8502130-1	1993	Sphinganine (SP) pre-treatment potentiated the retinoic acid (RA)-induced (4-96h exposures) differentiation and increase of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity.	safingol	13-15	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	124-144
8502130-1	1993	Sphinganine (SP) pre-treatment potentiated the retinoic acid (RA)-induced (4-96h exposures) differentiation and increase of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity.	safingol	13-15	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	146-149
8502130-2	1993	A higher percentage of SP pre-treated cells in RA exposures resembled mature myelocytes or granulocytes; greater increase in ALP activity was observed.	safingol	23-25	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	125-128
8502130-4	1993	In all cells with longer exposures (24-96h) to RA, SP pre-treatment increased ALP activity to more or less the same higher maximum (14.0-15.5 units/mg protein).	safingol	51-53	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	78-81
8502130-5	1993	SP, added 24h before or concomitantly, but not 24 nor 48h after the addition of RA, could potentiate the RA-induced differentiation and increase of ALP activity.	safingol	0-2	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	148-151
1657858-5	1991	Three different inhibitors of protein kinase C, phloretin, staurosporine, and dihydrosphingosine, significantly diminish the response to ET-1.	safingol	78-96	endothelin-1	Oryctolagus cuniculus	137-141
1568462-0	1992	Schedule-dependent sphinganine potentiation of retinoic acid-induced differentiation, cell growth inhibition, and nucleophosmin translocation in a human leukemia cell line (HL-60).	safingol	19-30	nucleophosmin 1	Homo sapiens	114-127
1568462-5	1992	Addition of sphinganine, an inhibitor of protein kinase C, facilitated the RA-induced differentiation, nucleophosmin translocation, and cell growth inhibition.	safingol	12-23	nucleophosmin 1	Homo sapiens	103-116
1568462-7	1992	Differentiation, translocation of nucleophosmin, and inhibition of cell growth occurred with lesser doses of RA or in shorter incubation times in the presence of sphinganine.	safingol	162-173	nucleophosmin 1	Homo sapiens	34-47
1635422-2	1992	The enhancement of RA-induced differentiation and the potentiation of the decrease of PKC activity by sphinganine (SP) seemed to correlate with each other.	safingol	102-113	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	86-89
1635422-2	1992	The enhancement of RA-induced differentiation and the potentiation of the decrease of PKC activity by sphinganine (SP) seemed to correlate with each other.	safingol	115-117	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	86-89
1635422-3	1992	Kinetically, PKC activity during RA-induced differentiation without SP decreased to its lowest (75% of the control) after 48h; about 50% of the reduction was observed at 24h.	safingol	68-70	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	13-16
1635422-4	1992	In the presence of SP, PKC activity decreased more rapidly to its lowest (60% of the control) within 24h of incubation of RA.	safingol	19-21	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	23-26
1635422-5	1992	SP, added 24h before or concomitantly with the addition of RA, could potentiate the RA-induced differentiation and the reduction of PKC activity.	safingol	0-2	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	132-135
1734863-2	1992	The potentiation of RA-induced differentiation and the enhancement of ALP activity by sphinganine seemed to correlate with each other.	safingol	86-97	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	70-73
1734863-3	1992	The combination of RA and sphinganine increased in parallel the percentage of mature cells and the ALP activities.	safingol	26-37	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	99-102
1635422-0	1992	Protein kinase C activity during sphinganine potentiation of retinoic acid-induced differentiation in a human leukemia cell line (HL-60).	safingol	33-44	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	0-16
34686882-2	2022	3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase or KDSR is a key enzyme of sphingolipid anabolism catalyzing the reduction of 3-ketodihydrosphingosine to sphinganine.	safingol	141-152	3-ketodihydrosphingosine reductase	Homo sapiens	38-42
2160959-3	1990	Ca2+/diacylglycerol/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C appeared to be the receptor for this binding because: a diacylglycerol, dioctanoylglycerol, competed with [3H]PDB for PMN binding sites; a blocker of protein kinase C-phospholipid interactions, sphinganine, inhibited PMN binding of [3H]PDB; and changes in cytosolic Ca2+ apparently regulated PMN binding of the label.	safingol	254-265	carbonic anhydrase 2	Homo sapiens	0-3
2365741-9	1990	Co-incubation with IGF-I and PMA caused a 60-fold increase in thymidine incorporation, which was 30% inhibited by dihydrosphingosine.	safingol	114-132	insulin like growth factor 1	Bos taurus	19-24
34277924-4	2021	Our results in NCFs showed that both dhSph and Sph did not induce collagen synthesis, whilst dhSph reduced collagen synthesis induced by transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta).	safingol	93-98	transforming growth factor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	170-177
34530846-4	2021	METHODS: Levels of SphK-related sphingolipid metabolites, including Sph, S1P, dihydrosphingosine (dhSph) and dihydro-S1P (dhS1P) in serum were measured by targeted-lipidomic analyses.	safingol	78-96	sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	19-23
34530846-4	2021	METHODS: Levels of SphK-related sphingolipid metabolites, including Sph, S1P, dihydrosphingosine (dhSph) and dihydro-S1P (dhS1P) in serum were measured by targeted-lipidomic analyses.	safingol	98-103	sphingosine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	19-23
34106748-7	2021	The efficiency of cell-cell fusion in DES1 knockout (KO) cells was at a level comparable to that in wild-type (WT) cells; however, the ratio of saturated sphinganine-based lipids to the total sphingolipids was higher in DES1 KO cells, compared to that in WT cells.	safingol	154-165	delta 4-desaturase, sphingolipid 1	Homo sapiens	38-42
34106748-7	2021	The efficiency of cell-cell fusion in DES1 knockout (KO) cells was at a level comparable to that in wild-type (WT) cells; however, the ratio of saturated sphinganine-based lipids to the total sphingolipids was higher in DES1 KO cells, compared to that in WT cells.	safingol	154-165	delta 4-desaturase, sphingolipid 1	Homo sapiens	220-224
35316765-3	2022	In this study, we screened for suppressor mutations that confer resistance to DHS, and identified RTG2, which encodes upregulation of the mitochondrial retrograde signaling pathway (RTG pathway).	safingol	78-81	Rtg2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	98-102
35316765-4	2022	Deletion of RTG3 encoding transcriptional factor for the RTG pathway suppressed the cytotoxicity of DHS, whereas deletion of MKS1 or point mutation of LST8, both of which cause increased activity of the RTG pathway, enhanced the cytotoxicity.	safingol	100-103	Rtg3p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	12-16
35316765-4	2022	Deletion of RTG3 encoding transcriptional factor for the RTG pathway suppressed the cytotoxicity of DHS, whereas deletion of MKS1 or point mutation of LST8, both of which cause increased activity of the RTG pathway, enhanced the cytotoxicity.	safingol	100-103	Mks1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	125-129
35316765-5	2022	Moreover, the deletion of RTG3 also suppressed the DHS-induced increases in ROS levels.	safingol	51-54	Rtg3p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	26-30
34204938-11	2021	Furthermore, increased concentration of sphingolipids, mainly sphinganine, inhibited insulin pathway proteins phosphorylation, increasing insulin resistance development.	safingol	62-73	insulin	Homo sapiens	85-92
34204938-11	2021	Furthermore, increased concentration of sphingolipids, mainly sphinganine, inhibited insulin pathway proteins phosphorylation, increasing insulin resistance development.	safingol	62-73	insulin	Homo sapiens	138-145