PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
8433004-7	1993	When tyrosinase activity is low, dopaquinone, a reactive intermediate in melanogenesis, is quantitatively converted to glutathionyldopa, which gives rise exclusively to pheomelanin.	pheomelanin	169-180	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	5-15
8348959-2	1993	Tyrosinase mRNA correlates with tyrosinase activity and with the presence of pheomelanin, eumelanin or both melanin types.	pheomelanin	77-88	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	0-10
6862647-3	1983	Since the same treatment resulted in pheomelanin formation as evidenced by electron microscopy, it is suggested that the GR increase correlates at least in part with changes in melanocyte metabolism.	pheomelanin	37-48	glutathione reductase	Mus musculus	121-123
1900307-6	1991	Quantitative hairbulb tyrosinase (dopa oxidase) assay demonstrated a loss of activity above 35-37 degrees C. Plasma pheomelanin and urine eumelanin intermediates were reduced and correlated with hair melanin content.	pheomelanin	116-127	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	22-32
35233349-9	2022	Melanocortin 1 receptor deficiency, an intrinsic risk factor for melanomagenesis, is related to the production of procarcinogenic pheomelanin and the inhibition of PTEN function.	pheomelanin	130-141	melanocortin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	0-23
1292016-1	1992	Hair follicular tyrosinase activity was measured during hair growth in neonatal, pubertal, and adult C3H-HeAvy mice that show differences in coat color as a result of changes in the synthesis of eumelanin and pheomelanin.	pheomelanin	209-220	tyrosinase	Mus musculus	16-26
1292016-2	1992	Tyrosinase activity increased during hair growth in all mice but higher levels were found at puberty, when the mice grow a dark, eumelanin coat of hair, than during early and adult life, when the hair follicular melanocytes produce mainly pheomelanin.	pheomelanin	239-250	tyrosinase	Mus musculus	0-10
34395597-0	2021	Specific mutations in the genes of MC1R and TYR have an important influence on the determination of pheomelanin pigmentation in Korean native chickens.	pheomelanin	100-111	melanocortin 1 receptor	Gallus gallus	35-39
34395597-0	2021	Specific mutations in the genes of MC1R and TYR have an important influence on the determination of pheomelanin pigmentation in Korean native chickens.	pheomelanin	100-111	tyrosinase	Gallus gallus	44-47
33884776-5	2021	Since pheomelanin can act as an endogenous photosensitizer, people carrying MC1R polymorphisms are more susceptible to skin cancer.	pheomelanin	6-17	melanocortin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	76-80
33871027-3	2021	Melanogenesis consists of a series of biochemical and enzymatic reactions catalysed by tyrosinase and other tyrosinase-related proteins, leading to the formation of two types of melanin, eumelanin and pheomelanin.	pheomelanin	201-212	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	87-97
33871027-3	2021	Melanogenesis consists of a series of biochemical and enzymatic reactions catalysed by tyrosinase and other tyrosinase-related proteins, leading to the formation of two types of melanin, eumelanin and pheomelanin.	pheomelanin	201-212	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	108-118
33994400-1	2021	The melanocortin-1 receptor gene (MC1R) controls production of the pigments eumelanin and pheomelanin.	pheomelanin	90-101	melanocortin 1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	4-27
33994400-1	2021	The melanocortin-1 receptor gene (MC1R) controls production of the pigments eumelanin and pheomelanin.	pheomelanin	90-101	melanocortin 1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	34-38
33208952-5	2020	We find that MFSD12 is required to maintain normal levels of cystine-the oxidized dimer of cysteine-in melanosomes, and to produce cysteinyldopas, the precursors of pheomelanin synthesis made in melanosomes via cysteine oxidation5,6.	pheomelanin	165-176	major facilitator superfamily domain containing 12	Mus musculus	13-19
33740177-3	2021	Social stress downregulates a gene directly involved in pheomelanin synthesis (Slc7a11) by changing DNA m5C levels, avoiding cellular damage caused by stress.	pheomelanin	56-67	cystine/glutamate transporter	Taeniopygia guttata	79-86
32668786-10	2020	Based on our data from bovine tissues, we concluded that at least in cattle PMEL potentially has additional, yet unexplored functions, which might contribute to effects of PMEL mutations on pheomelanin coat color dilution and charcoal coat color in RTS animals.	pheomelanin	190-201	premelanosome protein	Bos taurus	76-80
32694523-7	2020	Down-regulation of TYRP1, DCT, PMEL, MLANA, and HPGDS, verified using quantitative reverse transcription PCR, may lead to reduced eumelanin and increased pheomelanin synthesis in yellow plumage.	pheomelanin	154-165	tyrosinase related protein 1	Gallus gallus	19-24
32694523-7	2020	Down-regulation of TYRP1, DCT, PMEL, MLANA, and HPGDS, verified using quantitative reverse transcription PCR, may lead to reduced eumelanin and increased pheomelanin synthesis in yellow plumage.	pheomelanin	154-165	dopachrome tautomerase	Gallus gallus	26-29
32694523-7	2020	Down-regulation of TYRP1, DCT, PMEL, MLANA, and HPGDS, verified using quantitative reverse transcription PCR, may lead to reduced eumelanin and increased pheomelanin synthesis in yellow plumage.	pheomelanin	154-165	premelanosome protein	Gallus gallus	31-35
32694523-7	2020	Down-regulation of TYRP1, DCT, PMEL, MLANA, and HPGDS, verified using quantitative reverse transcription PCR, may lead to reduced eumelanin and increased pheomelanin synthesis in yellow plumage.	pheomelanin	154-165	melan-A	Gallus gallus	37-42
32694523-7	2020	Down-regulation of TYRP1, DCT, PMEL, MLANA, and HPGDS, verified using quantitative reverse transcription PCR, may lead to reduced eumelanin and increased pheomelanin synthesis in yellow plumage.	pheomelanin	154-165	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Gallus gallus	48-53
32668786-10	2020	Based on our data from bovine tissues, we concluded that at least in cattle PMEL potentially has additional, yet unexplored functions, which might contribute to effects of PMEL mutations on pheomelanin coat color dilution and charcoal coat color in RTS animals.	pheomelanin	190-201	premelanosome protein	Bos taurus	172-176
32474972-2	2020	When stimulated by its natural agonists, the melanocortin peptides alphaMSH and ACTH, it promotes the switch from synthesis of poorly photoprotective and lightly colored pheomelanins to production of photoprotective and darker eumelanins.	pheomelanin	170-182	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	80-84
31712186-5	2020	However, diquat exposure did not only improve the antioxidant capacity of birds, but also upregulated the expression of a gene (AGRP) that promotes pheomelanin synthesis in feather melanocytes, leading to the development of darker plumage coloration.	pheomelanin	148-159	agouti-related protein	Taeniopygia guttata	128-132
30760873-5	2019	Augmented xCT led to reduction of eumelanin and elevation of pheomelanin in Tsc1 skin knockout mice through mTOR signaling pathway.	pheomelanin	61-72	solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11	Mus musculus	10-13
31419780-7	2019	METHODS: We quantified the expression of SLC7A11 and other genes that are involved in the synthesis of pheomelanin but do not regulate the transport of cysteine from the extracellular medium to the cytosol (CTNS, MC1R, ASIP and SLC45A2) in non-tumorous skin of 45 patients of cutaneous melanoma and 50 healthy individuals.	pheomelanin	103-114	solute carrier family 7 member 11	Homo sapiens	41-48
30760873-5	2019	Augmented xCT led to reduction of eumelanin and elevation of pheomelanin in Tsc1 skin knockout mice through mTOR signaling pathway.	pheomelanin	61-72	TSC complex subunit 1	Mus musculus	76-80
30838786-0	2019	SOX10 regulates multiple genes to direct eumelanin versus pheomelanin production in domestic rock pigeon.	pheomelanin	58-69	transcription factor SOX-10	Columba livia	0-5
27988976-0	2017	Adaptive downregulation of pheomelanin-related Slc7a11 gene expression by environmentally induced oxidative stress.	pheomelanin	27-38	solute carrier family 7 member 11	Homo sapiens	47-54
30744336-1	2019	OBJECTIVE: Extension and Agouti loci play a key role for proportions of eumelanin and pheomelanin in determining coat color in several species, including goat.	pheomelanin	86-97	agouti-signaling protein	Capra hircus	25-31
30744336-12	2019	CONCLUSION: According to the findings obtained in this study on the investigated coat colors, mutations in MC1R gene may have the crucial role for determining eumelanin and pheomelanin phenotypes.	pheomelanin	173-184	Melanocortin receptor 1	Capra hircus	107-111
31290207-5	2019	The competitive environment downregulated a gene involved in pheomelanin synthesis (Slc7a11) by changing the level of DNA methylation in feather melanocytes.	pheomelanin	61-72	cystine/glutamate transporter	Taeniopygia guttata	84-91
31290207-6	2019	In other genes involved in pheomelanin synthesis (Slc45a2, MC1R and AGRP), DNA methylation was also affected, but no changes in expression were detected.	pheomelanin	27-38	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: membrane-associated transporter protein	Taeniopygia guttata	50-57
31290207-6	2019	In other genes involved in pheomelanin synthesis (Slc45a2, MC1R and AGRP), DNA methylation was also affected, but no changes in expression were detected.	pheomelanin	27-38	melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Taeniopygia guttata	59-63
31290207-6	2019	In other genes involved in pheomelanin synthesis (Slc45a2, MC1R and AGRP), DNA methylation was also affected, but no changes in expression were detected.	pheomelanin	27-38	agouti-related protein	Taeniopygia guttata	68-72
31137576-1	2019	Solute carrier family 7 member 11 (Slc7a11) is a cystine/glutamate xCT transporter that controls the production of pheomelanin pigment to change fur and skin color in animals.	pheomelanin	115-126	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cystine/glutamate transporter	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-33
31137576-1	2019	Solute carrier family 7 member 11 (Slc7a11) is a cystine/glutamate xCT transporter that controls the production of pheomelanin pigment to change fur and skin color in animals.	pheomelanin	115-126	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cystine/glutamate transporter	Oryctolagus cuniculus	35-42
29893870-1	2018	Pigmentation in mammals is primarily determined by the distribution of eumelanin and pheomelanin, the ratio of which is mostly controlled by the activity of melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) and agouti signaling protein (ASIP) genes.	pheomelanin	85-96	melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Camelus dromedarius	182-186
29893870-1	2018	Pigmentation in mammals is primarily determined by the distribution of eumelanin and pheomelanin, the ratio of which is mostly controlled by the activity of melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) and agouti signaling protein (ASIP) genes.	pheomelanin	85-96	agouti-signaling protein	Camelus dromedarius	218-222
29622793-2	2018	MC1R variants associated with increased melanoma risk promote the production of photosensitizing pheomelanins as opposed to photoprotective eumelanins.	pheomelanin	97-109	melanocortin 1 receptor	Mus musculus	0-4
29932066-1	2018	Solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) is a cystine/glutamate exchanger, also known as xCT, has been found to play an important role in pheomelanin synthesis.	pheomelanin	141-152	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cystine/glutamate transporter	Oryctolagus cuniculus	0-33
29932066-1	2018	Solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) is a cystine/glutamate exchanger, also known as xCT, has been found to play an important role in pheomelanin synthesis.	pheomelanin	141-152	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: cystine/glutamate transporter	Oryctolagus cuniculus	35-42
29219041-1	2017	The occurrence of black fur, or melanism, in many mammalian species is known to be linked to DNA sequence variation in the agouti signaling protein (Asip) gene, which is a major determinant of eumelanin and pheomelanin pigments in coat color.	pheomelanin	207-218	agouti signaling protein	Homo sapiens	123-147
29219041-1	2017	The occurrence of black fur, or melanism, in many mammalian species is known to be linked to DNA sequence variation in the agouti signaling protein (Asip) gene, which is a major determinant of eumelanin and pheomelanin pigments in coat color.	pheomelanin	207-218	agouti signaling protein	Homo sapiens	149-153
28271633-3	2017	The oxidation of tyrosine by tyrosinase in the presence of cysteine forms cysteinyldopa isomers, which are further oxidized to give rise to pheomelanin via benzothiazine intermediates.	pheomelanin	140-151	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	29-39
28271633-6	2017	We found that pheomelanin production either from dopa or tyrosine in the presence of cysteine by tyrosinase was greatest at pH values of 5.8-6.3, while eumelanin production was suppressed at pH 5.8.	pheomelanin	14-25	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	97-107
27671997-3	2017	Known as the extension (E) locus, melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) interacts with the agouti locus to produce the eumelanin and pheomelanin pigments.	pheomelanin	126-137	melanocortin 1 receptor	Felis catus	34-57
27671997-3	2017	Known as the extension (E) locus, melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) interacts with the agouti locus to produce the eumelanin and pheomelanin pigments.	pheomelanin	126-137	melanocortin 1 receptor	Felis catus	59-63
27988976-4	2017	We found that zebra finches Taeniopygia guttata developing pheomelanin-pigmented feathers during a 12-day exposure to the pro-oxidant diquat dibromide downregulated the expression of Slc7a11 in feather melanocytes, but not the expression of other genes that affect pheomelanogenesis by mechanisms different from cysteine transport such as MC1R and Slc45a2.	pheomelanin	59-70	cystine/glutamate transporter	Taeniopygia guttata	183-190
27988976-4	2017	We found that zebra finches Taeniopygia guttata developing pheomelanin-pigmented feathers during a 12-day exposure to the pro-oxidant diquat dibromide downregulated the expression of Slc7a11 in feather melanocytes, but not the expression of other genes that affect pheomelanogenesis by mechanisms different from cysteine transport such as MC1R and Slc45a2.	pheomelanin	59-70	melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Taeniopygia guttata	339-343
27988976-4	2017	We found that zebra finches Taeniopygia guttata developing pheomelanin-pigmented feathers during a 12-day exposure to the pro-oxidant diquat dibromide downregulated the expression of Slc7a11 in feather melanocytes, but not the expression of other genes that affect pheomelanogenesis by mechanisms different from cysteine transport such as MC1R and Slc45a2.	pheomelanin	59-70	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: membrane-associated transporter protein	Taeniopygia guttata	348-355
26680103-1	2016	Melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R), Agouti signaling protein (ASIP), and Tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1) are reported critical genes that regulate pheomelanin and eumelanin synthesis in mammals.	pheomelanin	148-159	melanocortin 1 receptor	Sus scrofa	0-23
27664794-6	2017	More importantly, the expression of PCSK2, responsible for the maturation of the MC1R agonist, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, was positively related to pheomelanin content in MC1R white homozygotes but not in individuals carrying the MC1R rufous allele.	pheomelanin	159-170	neuroendocrine convertase 2	Tyto alba	36-41
26680103-1	2016	Melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R), Agouti signaling protein (ASIP), and Tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1) are reported critical genes that regulate pheomelanin and eumelanin synthesis in mammals.	pheomelanin	148-159	melanocortin 1 receptor	Sus scrofa	25-29
26680103-1	2016	Melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R), Agouti signaling protein (ASIP), and Tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1) are reported critical genes that regulate pheomelanin and eumelanin synthesis in mammals.	pheomelanin	148-159	agouti-signaling protein	Sus scrofa	32-56
26680103-1	2016	Melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R), Agouti signaling protein (ASIP), and Tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1) are reported critical genes that regulate pheomelanin and eumelanin synthesis in mammals.	pheomelanin	148-159	agouti-signaling protein	Sus scrofa	58-62
26680103-1	2016	Melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R), Agouti signaling protein (ASIP), and Tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1) are reported critical genes that regulate pheomelanin and eumelanin synthesis in mammals.	pheomelanin	148-159	tyrosinase related protein 1	Sus scrofa	69-97
26680103-1	2016	Melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R), Agouti signaling protein (ASIP), and Tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1) are reported critical genes that regulate pheomelanin and eumelanin synthesis in mammals.	pheomelanin	148-159	tyrosinase related protein 1	Sus scrofa	99-104
24814217-1	2014	The complex interplay of genetic and epigenetic factors linking sun exposure to melanoma in the red hair phenotype hinges on the peculiar physical and chemical properties of pheomelanins and the underlying biosynthetic pathway, which is switched on by the effects of inactivating polymorphisms in the melanocortin 1 receptor gene.	pheomelanin	174-186	melanocortin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	301-324
26451690-0	2016	The slaty (slt/Dct(slt) ) allele decreases the content of eumelanin, but not pheomelanin in the mouse hair.	pheomelanin	77-88	dopachrome tautomerase	Mus musculus	4-9
25786343-1	2015	Cutaneous phototype is considered mainly related to cutaneous pigmentation and to the eumelanin/pheomelanin ratio, which is mostly genetically determined by the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) polymorphisms.	pheomelanin	96-107	melanocortin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	161-184
25786343-1	2015	Cutaneous phototype is considered mainly related to cutaneous pigmentation and to the eumelanin/pheomelanin ratio, which is mostly genetically determined by the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) polymorphisms.	pheomelanin	96-107	melanocortin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	186-190
26042826-1	2015	Coat color in Holstein dairy cattle is primarily controlled by the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene, a central determinant of black (eumelanin) vs. red/brown pheomelanin synthesis across animal species.	pheomelanin	161-172	CCOLOR	Bos taurus	0-10
26042826-1	2015	Coat color in Holstein dairy cattle is primarily controlled by the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene, a central determinant of black (eumelanin) vs. red/brown pheomelanin synthesis across animal species.	pheomelanin	161-172	melanocortin 1 receptor	Bos taurus	67-90
26042826-1	2015	Coat color in Holstein dairy cattle is primarily controlled by the melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene, a central determinant of black (eumelanin) vs. red/brown pheomelanin synthesis across animal species.	pheomelanin	161-172	melanocortin 1 receptor	Bos taurus	92-96
25455099-1	2015	Slc7a11 encoding solute carrier family 7 member 11 (amionic amino acid transporter light chain, xCT), has been identified to be a critical genetic regulator of pheomelanin synthesis in hair and melanocytes.	pheomelanin	160-171	cystine/glutamate transporter	Vicugna pacos	0-7
25455099-1	2015	Slc7a11 encoding solute carrier family 7 member 11 (amionic amino acid transporter light chain, xCT), has been identified to be a critical genetic regulator of pheomelanin synthesis in hair and melanocytes.	pheomelanin	160-171	cystine/glutamate transporter	Vicugna pacos	17-50
25685836-6	2015	Molecular segregation analysis uncovered that the combinatory mutations in the MC1R locus could cause eumelanin and pheomelanin synthesis in alpaca.	pheomelanin	116-127	tubulin beta-3 chain	Vicugna pacos	79-83
25026474-3	2014	Tyrosinase is the critical enzyme in the biosynthesis of both brown/black eumelanin and yellow/red pheomelanin.	pheomelanin	99-110	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	0-10
26314199-1	2015	The melanocortin-1-recepter gene (MC1R), an important regulator in melanin synthesis, may cause different plumage color patterns in birds: gain-of-function mutations lead to the synthesis of eumelanin, whereas loss-of-function mutations help to generate pheomelanin synthesis.	pheomelanin	254-265	tubulin beta-3 chain	Nipponia nippon	34-38
23915680-6	2013	FINDINGS: We sequenced 888 bp of the coding sequence of MC1R among pigeons varying both in the type, eumelanin or pheomelanin, and the amount of melanin in their feathers.	pheomelanin	114-125	melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Columba livia	56-60
23672590-0	2013	The mouse ruby-eye 2(d) (ru2(d) /Hps5(ru2-d) ) allele inhibits eumelanin but not pheomelanin synthesis.	pheomelanin	81-92	HPS5, biogenesis of lysosomal organelles complex 2 subunit 2	Mus musculus	10-20
23672590-0	2013	The mouse ruby-eye 2(d) (ru2(d) /Hps5(ru2-d) ) allele inhibits eumelanin but not pheomelanin synthesis.	pheomelanin	81-92	HPS5, biogenesis of lysosomal organelles complex 2 subunit 2	Mus musculus	33-37
23935991-11	2013	Partial sequencing of the MC1R gene identified three allelic variants, two of which were predominant in northern species (S. galili and S. golani), and the third was exclusive to southern species (S. carmeli and S. judaei), which might have caused the differences found in pheomelanin/eumelanin ratio.	pheomelanin	273-284	melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Nannospalax galili	26-30
22554923-2	2012	The agouti signaling protein (ASIP) is a paracrine factor that stimulates yellow/red pigment (pheomelanin) synthesis and inhibits black/brown pigment (eumelanin) synthesis in follicular melanocytes.	pheomelanin	94-105	agouti signaling protein	Gallus gallus	4-28
23661018-1	2013	The agouti-signaling protein (ASIP) plays a major role in mammalian pigmentation as an antagonist to melanocortin-1 receptor gene to stimulate pheomelanin synthesis, a major pigment conferring mammalian coat color.	pheomelanin	143-154	agouti signaling protein	Homo sapiens	4-28
23661018-1	2013	The agouti-signaling protein (ASIP) plays a major role in mammalian pigmentation as an antagonist to melanocortin-1 receptor gene to stimulate pheomelanin synthesis, a major pigment conferring mammalian coat color.	pheomelanin	143-154	agouti signaling protein	Homo sapiens	30-34
23661018-1	2013	The agouti-signaling protein (ASIP) plays a major role in mammalian pigmentation as an antagonist to melanocortin-1 receptor gene to stimulate pheomelanin synthesis, a major pigment conferring mammalian coat color.	pheomelanin	143-154	melanocortin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	101-124
23558248-1	2013	The agouti gene encodes the agouti signaling protein (ASIP) which regulates pheomelanin and eumelanin synthesis in mammals.	pheomelanin	76-87	agouti-signaling protein	Vicugna pacos	4-10
23558248-1	2013	The agouti gene encodes the agouti signaling protein (ASIP) which regulates pheomelanin and eumelanin synthesis in mammals.	pheomelanin	76-87	agouti-signaling protein	Vicugna pacos	28-52
23558248-1	2013	The agouti gene encodes the agouti signaling protein (ASIP) which regulates pheomelanin and eumelanin synthesis in mammals.	pheomelanin	76-87	agouti-signaling protein	Vicugna pacos	54-58
23235925-6	2013	The measured OMI for the MNT-1 melanoma cell line is 1.6 +- 0.22 while the Mc1R gene knockdown lines MNT-46 and MNT-62 show substantially greater pheomelanin production (OMI=0.5 +- 0.05 and 0.17 +- 0.03, respectively).	pheomelanin	146-157	melanocortin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	75-79
23030338-0	2012	A new mutation of mouse ruby-eye 2, ru2(d)/Hps5(ru2-d) inhibits eumelanin synthesis but stimulates pheomelanin synthesis in melanocytes.	pheomelanin	99-110	HPS5, biogenesis of lysosomal organelles complex 2 subunit 2	Mus musculus	24-34
23030338-0	2012	A new mutation of mouse ruby-eye 2, ru2(d)/Hps5(ru2-d) inhibits eumelanin synthesis but stimulates pheomelanin synthesis in melanocytes.	pheomelanin	99-110	HPS5, biogenesis of lysosomal organelles complex 2 subunit 2	Mus musculus	43-47
22749016-1	2012	The gene, SLC7A11, which encodes the solute carrier family 7 member 11 (anionic amino acid transporter light chain, xCT), has been reported to be implicated in multiple processes such as in pheomelanin production, cell proliferation and migration, Kaposi"s sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) entry into the host cells, learning and memory.	pheomelanin	190-201	cystine/glutamate transporter	Ovis aries	10-17
22554923-2	2012	The agouti signaling protein (ASIP) is a paracrine factor that stimulates yellow/red pigment (pheomelanin) synthesis and inhibits black/brown pigment (eumelanin) synthesis in follicular melanocytes.	pheomelanin	94-105	agouti signaling protein	Gallus gallus	30-34
22554923-3	2012	In mammals, the distal promoter of the ASIP gene acts exclusively on the ventral side of the body to create a countershading pigmentation pattern by stimulating pheomelanin synthesis in the ventrum.	pheomelanin	161-172	agouti signaling protein	Gallus gallus	39-43
21108681-2	2010	Conversely, the gain-of-function ASIP mutations block MC1R signaling and lead to the production of red pheomelanin.	pheomelanin	103-114	agouti-signaling protein	Sus scrofa	33-37
22202606-8	2012	Interestingly, ASIP was stained with pheomelanin but not eumelanin in pulp areas that face developing barbs.	pheomelanin	37-48	agouti signaling protein	Gallus gallus	15-19
22077870-9	2011	The genotype of melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R), a gene regulating the red hair phenotype, is predictive of hair melanin expressed as the log value of eumelanin to pheomelanin ratio, with a dosage effect evident.	pheomelanin	163-174	melanocortin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	16-39
22077870-9	2011	The genotype of melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R), a gene regulating the red hair phenotype, is predictive of hair melanin expressed as the log value of eumelanin to pheomelanin ratio, with a dosage effect evident.	pheomelanin	163-174	melanocortin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	41-45
21108681-2	2010	Conversely, the gain-of-function ASIP mutations block MC1R signaling and lead to the production of red pheomelanin.	pheomelanin	103-114	melanocortin 1 receptor	Sus scrofa	54-58
20819186-5	2010	alpha-MSH signaling regulates hair pigmentation, and the decrease in alpha-MSH activity in hair follicle melanocytes switches the melanin synthesis from eumelanin (black) to pheomelanin (yellow).	pheomelanin	174-185	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	69-78
20090935-0	2010	Spiny mice modulate eumelanin to pheomelanin ratio to achieve cryptic coloration in "evolution canyon," Israel.	pheomelanin	33-44	cripto, FRL-1, cryptic family 1	Mus musculus	62-69
20528153-1	2010	Murine recessive yellow (Mc1r(e)) is a loss-of-function mutation in the receptor for alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, melanocortin receptor 1 (Mc1r), and results in a yellow coat by inducing pheomelanin synthesis in hair follicular melanocytes.	pheomelanin	196-207	melanocortin 1 receptor	Mus musculus	25-29
20528153-1	2010	Murine recessive yellow (Mc1r(e)) is a loss-of-function mutation in the receptor for alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, melanocortin receptor 1 (Mc1r), and results in a yellow coat by inducing pheomelanin synthesis in hair follicular melanocytes.	pheomelanin	196-207	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	85-121
20528153-1	2010	Murine recessive yellow (Mc1r(e)) is a loss-of-function mutation in the receptor for alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, melanocortin receptor 1 (Mc1r), and results in a yellow coat by inducing pheomelanin synthesis in hair follicular melanocytes.	pheomelanin	196-207	melanocortin 1 receptor	Mus musculus	123-146
20528153-1	2010	Murine recessive yellow (Mc1r(e)) is a loss-of-function mutation in the receptor for alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, melanocortin receptor 1 (Mc1r), and results in a yellow coat by inducing pheomelanin synthesis in hair follicular melanocytes.	pheomelanin	196-207	melanocortin 1 receptor	Mus musculus	148-152
20528153-2	2010	We previously showed that eumelanin and pheomelanin content in dorsal hair in female Mc1r(e)/Mc1r(e) mice 5 weeks after birth was greater than that in male mice.	pheomelanin	40-51	melanocortin 1 receptor	Mus musculus	85-89
20528153-2	2010	We previously showed that eumelanin and pheomelanin content in dorsal hair in female Mc1r(e)/Mc1r(e) mice 5 weeks after birth was greater than that in male mice.	pheomelanin	40-51	melanocortin 1 receptor	Mus musculus	93-97
20528153-9	2010	These results suggest that estrogen is the main factor in determining the higher content of eumelanin and pheomelanin in female hair of Mc1r(e)/Mc1r(e) mice.	pheomelanin	106-117	melanocortin 1 receptor	Mus musculus	136-140
21430882-5	2010	Loss-of-function mutations at the MC1R are associated with a switch from eumelanin to pheomelanin production, resulting in a red or yellow coat color.	pheomelanin	86-97	melanocortin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	34-38
20004240-1	2010	The agouti locus encodes the agouti signalling protein (ASIP) which is involved in determining the switch from eumelanin to pheomelanin synthesis in melanocytes.	pheomelanin	124-135	agouti-signaling protein	Oryctolagus cuniculus	29-54
20004240-1	2010	The agouti locus encodes the agouti signalling protein (ASIP) which is involved in determining the switch from eumelanin to pheomelanin synthesis in melanocytes.	pheomelanin	124-135	agouti-signaling protein	Oryctolagus cuniculus	56-60
20090935-6	2010	Cryptic coloration could be attained only through optimization between the yellow- to brown-colored "pheomelanin" and gray to black-colored "eumelanin" in the hairs.	pheomelanin	101-112	cripto, FRL-1, cryptic family 1	Mus musculus	0-7
20090935-15	2010	CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE: It appears that rodents adaptively modulate eumelanin and pheomelanin contents to achieve cryptic coloration in contrasting habitats even at a microscale.	pheomelanin	83-94	cripto, FRL-1, cryptic family 1	Mus musculus	115-122
18627531-0	2008	Regulation of eumelanin/pheomelanin synthesis and visible pigmentation in melanocytes by ligands of the melanocortin 1 receptor.	pheomelanin	24-35	melanocortin 1 receptor	Mus musculus	104-127
19741552-3	2009	In in-vitro and ex-vivo models we demonstrated that catalase was modified not only in its activity but also in its charge properties after ultraviolet A irradiation through pheomelanin.	pheomelanin	173-184	catalase	Homo sapiens	52-60
19449448-3	2009	Enzymatic components of melanosomes include tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1, and dopachrome tautomerase, which depend on the functions of OA1, P, MATP, ATP7A, and BLOC-1 to synthesize eumelanins and pheomelanins.	pheomelanin	208-220	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	44-54
19449448-3	2009	Enzymatic components of melanosomes include tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1, and dopachrome tautomerase, which depend on the functions of OA1, P, MATP, ATP7A, and BLOC-1 to synthesize eumelanins and pheomelanins.	pheomelanin	208-220	tyrosinase related protein 1	Homo sapiens	56-112
19449448-3	2009	Enzymatic components of melanosomes include tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1, and dopachrome tautomerase, which depend on the functions of OA1, P, MATP, ATP7A, and BLOC-1 to synthesize eumelanins and pheomelanins.	pheomelanin	208-220	G protein-coupled receptor 143 pseudogene	Homo sapiens	147-153
19449448-3	2009	Enzymatic components of melanosomes include tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1, and dopachrome tautomerase, which depend on the functions of OA1, P, MATP, ATP7A, and BLOC-1 to synthesize eumelanins and pheomelanins.	pheomelanin	208-220	solute carrier family 45 member 2	Homo sapiens	155-159
19493315-1	2009	Melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) and its ligands, alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alphaMSH) and agouti signaling protein (ASIP), regulate switching between eumelanin and pheomelanin synthesis in melanocytes.	pheomelanin	174-185	melanocortin 1 receptor	Mus musculus	0-23
19493315-1	2009	Melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) and its ligands, alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alphaMSH) and agouti signaling protein (ASIP), regulate switching between eumelanin and pheomelanin synthesis in melanocytes.	pheomelanin	174-185	melanocortin 1 receptor	Mus musculus	25-29
19493315-1	2009	Melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) and its ligands, alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alphaMSH) and agouti signaling protein (ASIP), regulate switching between eumelanin and pheomelanin synthesis in melanocytes.	pheomelanin	174-185	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	48-84
19493315-1	2009	Melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) and its ligands, alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alphaMSH) and agouti signaling protein (ASIP), regulate switching between eumelanin and pheomelanin synthesis in melanocytes.	pheomelanin	174-185	nonagouti	Mus musculus	100-124
19493315-1	2009	Melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) and its ligands, alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alphaMSH) and agouti signaling protein (ASIP), regulate switching between eumelanin and pheomelanin synthesis in melanocytes.	pheomelanin	174-185	nonagouti	Mus musculus	126-130
19493315-3	2009	Melan-a non agouti (a/a) mouse melanocytes produce mainly eumelanin, but ASIP combined with phenylthiourea and extra cysteine could induce over 200-fold increases in the pheomelanin to eumelanin ratio, and a tan-yellow color in pelletted cells.	pheomelanin	170-181	nonagouti	Mus musculus	73-77
19452503-2	2009	MC1R activation stimulates melanogenesis and increases the ratio of black, strongly photoprotective eumelanins to reddish, poorly photoprotective pheomelanins.	pheomelanin	146-158	melanocortin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	0-4
17483404-2	2007	In all vertebrates that have been studied to date, two key genes, Agouti and Melanocortin 1 receptor (Mc1r), encode a ligand-receptor system that controls the switch between synthesis of red-yellow pheomelanin vs. black-brown eumelanin.	pheomelanin	198-209	agouti signaling protein	Canis lupus familiaris	66-72
18353144-6	2008	On an agouti background, animals carrying both the MitfCre transgene and the targeted Prkaca allele (CalphaR) exhibited a darker coat color than control littermates, due to a shift from pheomelanin to eumelanin synthesis.	pheomelanin	186-197	protein kinase, cAMP dependent, catalytic, alpha	Mus musculus	86-92
17483404-2	2007	In all vertebrates that have been studied to date, two key genes, Agouti and Melanocortin 1 receptor (Mc1r), encode a ligand-receptor system that controls the switch between synthesis of red-yellow pheomelanin vs. black-brown eumelanin.	pheomelanin	198-209	melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Canis lupus familiaris	77-100
17483404-2	2007	In all vertebrates that have been studied to date, two key genes, Agouti and Melanocortin 1 receptor (Mc1r), encode a ligand-receptor system that controls the switch between synthesis of red-yellow pheomelanin vs. black-brown eumelanin.	pheomelanin	198-209	melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Canis lupus familiaris	102-106
17532540-1	2007	The murine recessive yellow (Mc1r(e)) is a loss-of-function mutation in the receptor for alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, melanocortin receptor 1 (Mc1r) and produces yellow coats by inducing pheomelanin synthesis in hair follicular melanocytes.	pheomelanin	196-207	melanocortin 1 receptor	Mus musculus	29-33
17532540-1	2007	The murine recessive yellow (Mc1r(e)) is a loss-of-function mutation in the receptor for alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, melanocortin receptor 1 (Mc1r) and produces yellow coats by inducing pheomelanin synthesis in hair follicular melanocytes.	pheomelanin	196-207	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	89-125
17532540-1	2007	The murine recessive yellow (Mc1r(e)) is a loss-of-function mutation in the receptor for alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, melanocortin receptor 1 (Mc1r) and produces yellow coats by inducing pheomelanin synthesis in hair follicular melanocytes.	pheomelanin	196-207	melanocortin 1 receptor	Mus musculus	127-150
17532540-1	2007	The murine recessive yellow (Mc1r(e)) is a loss-of-function mutation in the receptor for alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, melanocortin receptor 1 (Mc1r) and produces yellow coats by inducing pheomelanin synthesis in hair follicular melanocytes.	pheomelanin	196-207	melanocortin 1 receptor	Mus musculus	152-156
16914083-2	2006	Molecular and biochemical mechanisms that switch melanocytes between the production of eumelanin or pheomelanin involve the opposing action of two signaling molecules, alpha-Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone (alphaMSH) and Agouti Signal Protein (ASP).	pheomelanin	100-111	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	168-204
17130136-2	2007	MC1R activation stimulates melanogenesis and increases the ratio of black, strongly photoprotective eumelanins to yellowish and poorly photoprotective pheomelanin pigments.	pheomelanin	151-162	melanocortin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	0-4
17123789-1	2007	BACKGROUND: The murine recessive yellow (Mc1r(e)) is a loss-of-function mutation in the receptor for alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R), and produces yellow coats by inducing pheomelanin synthesis in hair follicular melanocytes.	pheomelanin	215-226	melanocortin 1 receptor	Mus musculus	41-45
17123789-1	2007	BACKGROUND: The murine recessive yellow (Mc1r(e)) is a loss-of-function mutation in the receptor for alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R), and produces yellow coats by inducing pheomelanin synthesis in hair follicular melanocytes.	pheomelanin	215-226	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	101-137
17123789-1	2007	BACKGROUND: The murine recessive yellow (Mc1r(e)) is a loss-of-function mutation in the receptor for alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), melanocortin receptor 1 (MC1R), and produces yellow coats by inducing pheomelanin synthesis in hair follicular melanocytes.	pheomelanin	215-226	melanocortin 1 receptor	Mus musculus	145-168
17123789-10	2007	CONCLUSION: The Mc1r(e) gene stimulates pheomelanin synthesis in the epidermis, dermis and hair follicles.	pheomelanin	40-51	melanocortin 1 receptor	Mus musculus	16-20
17123789-11	2007	In addition, eumelanin and pheomelanin contents in Mc1r(e)/Mc1r(e) hairs may be influenced by the sex difference.	pheomelanin	27-38	melanocortin 1 receptor	Mus musculus	51-55
17123789-11	2007	In addition, eumelanin and pheomelanin contents in Mc1r(e)/Mc1r(e) hairs may be influenced by the sex difference.	pheomelanin	27-38	melanocortin 1 receptor	Mus musculus	59-63
16704456-11	2006	This study suggests that the 3"-UTR polymorphism results in decreased levels of ASIP and therefore less pheomelanin production.	pheomelanin	104-115	agouti signaling protein	Homo sapiens	80-84
17151254-10	2007	The most interesting feature concerning the SLC45A2 variants documented in this study is the specific inhibition of expression of red pheomelanin in Silver chickens.	pheomelanin	134-145	solute carrier family 45 member 2	Gallus gallus	44-51
16584806-0	2006	The slaty mutation affects eumelanin and pheomelanin synthesis in mouse melanocytes.	pheomelanin	41-52	dopachrome tautomerase	Mus musculus	4-9
16584806-7	2006	The content of eumelanin in cultured slaty melanocytes was reduced, whereas the content of pheomelanin in media derived from cultured 7.5-day-old slaty melanocytes was greatly increased.	pheomelanin	91-102	dopachrome tautomerase	Mus musculus	146-151
16584806-8	2006	The contents of eumelanin and pheomelanin in the neonatal slaty epidermis and dermis were reduced, except that the pheomelanin content in 3.5-day-old dermis was increased.	pheomelanin	30-41	dopachrome tautomerase	Mus musculus	58-63
16584806-9	2006	These results suggest that the slaty mutation affects both eumelanin and pheomelanin synthesis in developmental stage-specific and skin site-specific manners, and, in addition, the gene controls the differentiation of melanocytes via the regulation of activity of TYR in addition to its own DCT.	pheomelanin	73-84	dopachrome tautomerase	Mus musculus	31-36
16584806-9	2006	These results suggest that the slaty mutation affects both eumelanin and pheomelanin synthesis in developmental stage-specific and skin site-specific manners, and, in addition, the gene controls the differentiation of melanocytes via the regulation of activity of TYR in addition to its own DCT.	pheomelanin	73-84	tyrosinase	Mus musculus	264-267
16584806-9	2006	These results suggest that the slaty mutation affects both eumelanin and pheomelanin synthesis in developmental stage-specific and skin site-specific manners, and, in addition, the gene controls the differentiation of melanocytes via the regulation of activity of TYR in addition to its own DCT.	pheomelanin	73-84	dopachrome tautomerase	Mus musculus	291-294
16280005-3	2005	Activation of MC1R by adrenocorticotrophin or alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone is positively coupled to the cAMP signaling pathway and leads to a stimulation of melanogenesis and a switch from the synthesis of pheomelanins to the production of eumelanic pigments.	pheomelanin	214-226	melanocortin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	14-18
16417212-0	2006	UVA-irradiated pheomelanin alters the structure of catalase and decreases its activity in human skin.	pheomelanin	15-26	catalase	Homo sapiens	51-59
16417235-7	2006	On catalase, synthetic pheomelanin amplified this effect on specific targets, such as residues of tryptophan and methionine.	pheomelanin	23-34	catalase	Homo sapiens	3-11
16417235-8	2006	UVA irradiation of low phototype reconstructed epidermis and of U937 through synthetic pheomelanin induced a modification in the electrophoretic properties of native catalase, which was counteracted by histidine, a quencher of singlet oxygen.	pheomelanin	87-98	catalase	Homo sapiens	166-174
16417235-9	2006	These results demonstrate that pheomelanin could act as a photosensitizing agent, following UVA irradiation, inducing charge modifications of native catalase, by a mechanism involving singlet oxygen or its downstream products.	pheomelanin	31-42	catalase	Homo sapiens	149-157
16280005-3	2005	Activation of MC1R by adrenocorticotrophin or alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone is positively coupled to the cAMP signaling pathway and leads to a stimulation of melanogenesis and a switch from the synthesis of pheomelanins to the production of eumelanic pigments.	pheomelanin	214-226	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	46-82
15892719-1	2005	Pheomelanin is widely thought to be causally related to susceptibility to the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation: epidemiological studies show that those with a higher ratio of pheomelanin to eumelanin in hair have higher rates of melanoma, and work in mouse and cell culture shows that pheomelanin generates excess free radicals after UVR exposure.	pheomelanin	183-194	pheomelanin	Mus musculus	0-11
16037214-8	2005	We show that Slc7a11 is a major genetic regulator of pheomelanin pigment in hair and melanocytes, with minimal or no effects on eumelanin.	pheomelanin	53-64	solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11	Mus musculus	13-20
16037214-10	2005	Thus, we have found that the Slc7a11 gene controls the production of pheomelanin pigment directly.	pheomelanin	69-80	solute carrier family 7 (cationic amino acid transporter, y+ system), member 11	Mus musculus	29-36
15960609-0	2005	Mutations in dopachrome tautomerase (Dct) affect eumelanin/pheomelanin synthesis, but do not affect intracellular trafficking of the mutant protein.	pheomelanin	59-70	dopachrome tautomerase	Mus musculus	13-35
15960609-0	2005	Mutations in dopachrome tautomerase (Dct) affect eumelanin/pheomelanin synthesis, but do not affect intracellular trafficking of the mutant protein.	pheomelanin	59-70	dopachrome tautomerase	Mus musculus	37-40
15960609-6	2005	Chemical analysis showed that both Dct mutations increase pheomelanin and reduce eumelanin produced by melanocytes in culture.	pheomelanin	58-69	dopachrome tautomerase	Mus musculus	35-38
15960609-7	2005	Thus the enzymatic activity of Dct may play a role in determining whether the eumelanin or pheomelanin pathway is preferred for pigment biosynthesis.	pheomelanin	91-102	dopachrome tautomerase	Mus musculus	31-34
15992961-1	2005	Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) activates the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) on melanocytes to promote a switch from red/yellow pheomelanin synthesis to darker eumelanins via positive coupling to adenylate cyclase.	pheomelanin	145-156	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	0-36
15992961-1	2005	Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) activates the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) on melanocytes to promote a switch from red/yellow pheomelanin synthesis to darker eumelanins via positive coupling to adenylate cyclase.	pheomelanin	145-156	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	38-47
15992961-1	2005	Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) activates the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) on melanocytes to promote a switch from red/yellow pheomelanin synthesis to darker eumelanins via positive coupling to adenylate cyclase.	pheomelanin	145-156	melanocortin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	63-86
15992961-1	2005	Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) activates the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) on melanocytes to promote a switch from red/yellow pheomelanin synthesis to darker eumelanins via positive coupling to adenylate cyclase.	pheomelanin	145-156	melanocortin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	88-92
16005546-3	2005	Soluble factors, such as proopiomelanocortin (POMC) derivatives, agouti signal protein (ASP) and others, regulate MC1R expression, leading to improved photoprotection via increased eumelanin synthesis or in contrast, inducing the switch to pheomelanin.	pheomelanin	240-251	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	25-44
16005546-3	2005	Soluble factors, such as proopiomelanocortin (POMC) derivatives, agouti signal protein (ASP) and others, regulate MC1R expression, leading to improved photoprotection via increased eumelanin synthesis or in contrast, inducing the switch to pheomelanin.	pheomelanin	240-251	melanocortin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	114-118
15892719-1	2005	Pheomelanin is widely thought to be causally related to susceptibility to the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation: epidemiological studies show that those with a higher ratio of pheomelanin to eumelanin in hair have higher rates of melanoma, and work in mouse and cell culture shows that pheomelanin generates excess free radicals after UVR exposure.	pheomelanin	293-304	pheomelanin	Mus musculus	0-11
15477596-10	2004	We conclude that UV-irradiated melanin, particularly pheomelanin, photosensitizes adjacent cells to caspase-3 independent apoptosis, and this occurs at a frequency greater than the apoptosis induced by direct DNA absorption of UV.	pheomelanin	53-64	caspase 3	Mus musculus	100-109
15372380-5	2004	MC1R encodes a 317-amino acid G-coupled receptor that controls the relative amounts of the two major melanin classes, eumelanin and pheomelanin.	pheomelanin	132-143	melanocortin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	0-4
15965787-1	2005	The type of pigment synthesized in mammalian hair, yellow-red pheomelanin or black-brown eumelanin, depends on the interaction between Agouti protein and the Melanocortin 1 receptor.	pheomelanin	62-73	agouti signaling protein	Canis lupus familiaris	135-141
15965787-1	2005	The type of pigment synthesized in mammalian hair, yellow-red pheomelanin or black-brown eumelanin, depends on the interaction between Agouti protein and the Melanocortin 1 receptor.	pheomelanin	62-73	melanocortin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	158-181
15701517-1	2005	Expression of the agouti signaling protein (ASIP) during hair growth produces the red/yellow pigment pheomelanin.	pheomelanin	101-112	agouti signaling protein	Homo sapiens	18-42
15701517-1	2005	Expression of the agouti signaling protein (ASIP) during hair growth produces the red/yellow pigment pheomelanin.	pheomelanin	101-112	agouti signaling protein	Homo sapiens	44-48
12851328-1	2003	Switching from eumelanin to pheomelanin synthesis during hair growth is accomplished by transient synthesis of Agouti protein, an inverse agonist for the melanocortin-1 receptor (Mc1r).	pheomelanin	28-39	melanocortin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	154-177
15250941-1	2004	The melanocortins (alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone and adrenocorticotropin) act on epidermal melanocytes to increase melanogenesis, the eumelanin/pheomelanin ratio and dendricity.	pheomelanin	151-162	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	19-55
15520882-1	2004	The interaction between two genes, Agouti and Melanocortin-1 receptor ( Mc1r), produces diverse pigment patterns in mammals by regulating the type, amount, and distribution pattern of the two pigment types found in mammalian hair: eumelanin (brown/black) and pheomelanin (yellow/red).	pheomelanin	259-270	agouti signaling protein	Canis lupus familiaris	35-41
15520882-1	2004	The interaction between two genes, Agouti and Melanocortin-1 receptor ( Mc1r), produces diverse pigment patterns in mammals by regulating the type, amount, and distribution pattern of the two pigment types found in mammalian hair: eumelanin (brown/black) and pheomelanin (yellow/red).	pheomelanin	259-270	melanocortin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	46-69
15520882-1	2004	The interaction between two genes, Agouti and Melanocortin-1 receptor ( Mc1r), produces diverse pigment patterns in mammals by regulating the type, amount, and distribution pattern of the two pigment types found in mammalian hair: eumelanin (brown/black) and pheomelanin (yellow/red).	pheomelanin	259-270	melanocortin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	72-76
15009725-7	2004	MC1R genotype was predictive of hair melanin expressed as the ratio of the loge of eumelanin to pheomelanin ratio, with a dosage effect evident: MC1R homozygote mean, 1.46; heterozygote, 4.44; and wild type, 5.81 (p<0.001).	pheomelanin	96-107	melanocortin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	0-4
12851328-1	2003	Switching from eumelanin to pheomelanin synthesis during hair growth is accomplished by transient synthesis of Agouti protein, an inverse agonist for the melanocortin-1 receptor (Mc1r).	pheomelanin	28-39	melanocortin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	179-183
11833005-2	2002	In the mouse, ligation of MSHR by agouti signaling protein (ASP) results in the production of pheomelanin.	pheomelanin	94-105	melanocortin 1 receptor	Mus musculus	26-30
12687585-1	2003	The melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) forms a critical switch in the production of orange/red pheomelanin and black/brown eumelanin pigments during hair development in mammals.	pheomelanin	91-102	melanocortin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	4-27
12687585-1	2003	The melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) forms a critical switch in the production of orange/red pheomelanin and black/brown eumelanin pigments during hair development in mammals.	pheomelanin	91-102	melanocortin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	29-33
12519129-7	2003	The amount of eumelanin production significantly increased with independent stimulation by these melanogenic factors, especially histamine, while that of pheomelanin significantly increased with alpha-MSH and NO, but only slightly with histamine.	pheomelanin	154-165	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	195-204
12069489-5	2002	We were only able to obtain a good fit to available experimental data on the relation between pheomelanin levels and the activity of the key enzyme tyrosinase by taking Ito"s hypothesis into account.	pheomelanin	94-105	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	148-158
11833005-2	2002	In the mouse, ligation of MSHR by agouti signaling protein (ASP) results in the production of pheomelanin.	pheomelanin	94-105	nonagouti	Mus musculus	34-58
11833005-2	2002	In the mouse, ligation of MSHR by agouti signaling protein (ASP) results in the production of pheomelanin.	pheomelanin	94-105	nonagouti	Mus musculus	60-63
11708951-2	2001	The MC1-R, a G protein-coupled receptor with 7 transmembrane-spanning domains, plays a key role in determining the type of melanin (eumelanin vs pheomelanin) that is produced within melanocytes.	pheomelanin	145-156	melanocortin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	4-9
11434565-2	2001	The switch between eumelanin and pheomelanin in bands in the hair results from the interaction of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone and agouti signal protein through the melanocortin 1 receptor on melanocytes.	pheomelanin	33-44	melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Papio anubis	173-196
11382753-7	2001	These results demonstrate that up-regulation of ITF2 during the pheomelanin switch is functionally significant and reveal that differential expression of a ubiquitous basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor can modulate expression of melanogenic genes and the differentiation of melanocytes.	pheomelanin	64-75	transcription factor 4	Homo sapiens	48-52
10733924-1	2000	Switching between production of eumelanin or pheomelanin in follicular melanocytes is responsible for hair color in mammals; in mice, this switch is controlled by the agouti locus, which encodes agouti signal protein (ASP) through the action of melanocortin receptor 1.	pheomelanin	45-56	nonagouti	Mus musculus	195-216
11181184-1	2001	The agouti gene codes for agouti signaling protein (ASP), which is temporally expressed in wild-type mouse follicular melanocytes where it induces pheomelanin synthesis.	pheomelanin	147-158	nonagouti	Mus musculus	26-50
11181184-1	2001	The agouti gene codes for agouti signaling protein (ASP), which is temporally expressed in wild-type mouse follicular melanocytes where it induces pheomelanin synthesis.	pheomelanin	147-158	nonagouti	Mus musculus	52-55
10733924-1	2000	Switching between production of eumelanin or pheomelanin in follicular melanocytes is responsible for hair color in mammals; in mice, this switch is controlled by the agouti locus, which encodes agouti signal protein (ASP) through the action of melanocortin receptor 1.	pheomelanin	45-56	nonagouti	Mus musculus	218-221
10602988-1	2000	The melanocortin 1 receptor (Mc1r) is encoded by the Extension locus in many different mammals, where a loss-of-function causes exclusive production of red/yellow pheomelanin, and a constitutively activating mutation causes exclusive production of black/brown eumelanin.	pheomelanin	163-174	melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Canis lupus familiaris	4-27
10602988-1	2000	The melanocortin 1 receptor (Mc1r) is encoded by the Extension locus in many different mammals, where a loss-of-function causes exclusive production of red/yellow pheomelanin, and a constitutively activating mutation causes exclusive production of black/brown eumelanin.	pheomelanin	163-174	melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor	Canis lupus familiaris	29-33
11041367-11	2000	Because of the absence of TRP-1 and TRP-2 in pheomelanogenesis, it may be suggested that tyrosinase is involved in lysosomal degradation after forming dopaquinone, to which the cysteine present in the lysosomal granule binds to form cysteinyldopas that will then be auto-oxidized to become pheomelanin.	pheomelanin	290-301	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	89-99
9677380-1	1998	In mouse follicular melanocytes, production of eumelanins (brown-black pigments) and pheomelanins (yellow-brownish pigments) is under the control of two intercellular signaling molecules that exert opposite actions, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alphaMSH) which preferentially increases the synthesis of eumelanins, and agouti signal protein (ASP) whose expression favors the production of hair containing pheomelanins.	pheomelanin	85-97	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	216-252
10816645-9	1999	These results suggest that ASP induces pheomelanin synthesis by competing with alpha-MSH for binding to the MC1R.	pheomelanin	39-50	agouti signaling protein	Homo sapiens	27-30
10816645-9	1999	These results suggest that ASP induces pheomelanin synthesis by competing with alpha-MSH for binding to the MC1R.	pheomelanin	39-50	melanocortin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	108-112
11041357-2	2000	Previous work from our laboratory has demonstrated that pheomelanin synthesis is triggered by the ability of Agouti protein to inhibit signaling through the Melanocortin 1 receptor (Mc1r).	pheomelanin	56-67	melanocortin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	157-180
11041357-2	2000	Previous work from our laboratory has demonstrated that pheomelanin synthesis is triggered by the ability of Agouti protein to inhibit signaling through the Melanocortin 1 receptor (Mc1r).	pheomelanin	56-67	melanocortin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	182-186
9677380-1	1998	In mouse follicular melanocytes, production of eumelanins (brown-black pigments) and pheomelanins (yellow-brownish pigments) is under the control of two intercellular signaling molecules that exert opposite actions, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alphaMSH) which preferentially increases the synthesis of eumelanins, and agouti signal protein (ASP) whose expression favors the production of hair containing pheomelanins.	pheomelanin	85-97	nonagouti	Mus musculus	328-349
9677380-1	1998	In mouse follicular melanocytes, production of eumelanins (brown-black pigments) and pheomelanins (yellow-brownish pigments) is under the control of two intercellular signaling molecules that exert opposite actions, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alphaMSH) which preferentially increases the synthesis of eumelanins, and agouti signal protein (ASP) whose expression favors the production of hair containing pheomelanins.	pheomelanin	85-97	nonagouti	Mus musculus	351-354
9677380-1	1998	In mouse follicular melanocytes, production of eumelanins (brown-black pigments) and pheomelanins (yellow-brownish pigments) is under the control of two intercellular signaling molecules that exert opposite actions, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alphaMSH) which preferentially increases the synthesis of eumelanins, and agouti signal protein (ASP) whose expression favors the production of hair containing pheomelanins.	pheomelanin	414-426	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	216-252
9367182-5	1997	We prepared pheomelanins by tyrosinase oxidation of dopa or tyrosine in the presence of cysteine.	pheomelanin	12-24	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	28-38
9636156-1	1998	Molecular and biochemical mechanisms that modulate the production of eumelanin or pheomelanin pigments involve the opposing effects of two intercellular signaling molecules, alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) and agouti signal protein (ASP).	pheomelanin	82-93	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	174-210
9636156-1	1998	Molecular and biochemical mechanisms that modulate the production of eumelanin or pheomelanin pigments involve the opposing effects of two intercellular signaling molecules, alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) and agouti signal protein (ASP).	pheomelanin	82-93	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	212-215
9636156-1	1998	Molecular and biochemical mechanisms that modulate the production of eumelanin or pheomelanin pigments involve the opposing effects of two intercellular signaling molecules, alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) and agouti signal protein (ASP).	pheomelanin	82-93	nonagouti	Mus musculus	221-242
9636156-1	1998	Molecular and biochemical mechanisms that modulate the production of eumelanin or pheomelanin pigments involve the opposing effects of two intercellular signaling molecules, alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) and agouti signal protein (ASP).	pheomelanin	82-93	nonagouti	Mus musculus	244-247
9636156-3	1998	We previously have reported significant down-regulation of all known melanogenic genes during the eumelanin to pheomelanin switch in murine hair follicle melanocytes and in cultured melanocytes treated with recombinant ASP.	pheomelanin	111-122	nonagouti	Mus musculus	219-222
9487023-3	1997	Recent work on the melanocortin 1 receptor suggests that it is a key player in determining whether eumelanin or pheomelanin is predominantly produced both in vitro and in vivo.	pheomelanin	112-123	melanocortin 1 receptor	Homo sapiens	19-42
9258683-1	1997	The mouse mutations mahogany (mg) and mahoganoid (md) are negative modifiers of the Agouti coat color gene, which encodes a paracrine signaling molecule that induces a swithc in melanin synthesis from eumelanin to pheomelanin.	pheomelanin	214-225	mahogunin, ring finger 1	Mus musculus	38-48
9326301-4	1997	Theoretically, the oxidation of L-DOPA by TH may contribute to the formation of neuromelanin (pheomelanin) in catecholaminergic neurons and in the metabolism of DOPA to reactive intermediates that can react with free thiol groups in cellular proteins.	pheomelanin	94-105	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	42-44
9107139-0	1996	Mouse fibroblast expressing human tyrosinase with DHICA-oxidase activity produces predominantly pheomelanin deposit in lysosome.	pheomelanin	96-107	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	34-44
9218796-1	1997	Molecular and biochemical mechanisms that switch melanocytes between the production of eumelanin or pheomelanin involve the opposing action of two intercellular signaling molecules, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) and agouti signal protein (ASP).	pheomelanin	100-111	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	182-218
9218796-1	1997	Molecular and biochemical mechanisms that switch melanocytes between the production of eumelanin or pheomelanin involve the opposing action of two intercellular signaling molecules, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) and agouti signal protein (ASP).	pheomelanin	100-111	pro-opiomelanocortin-alpha	Mus musculus	220-223
9218796-1	1997	Molecular and biochemical mechanisms that switch melanocytes between the production of eumelanin or pheomelanin involve the opposing action of two intercellular signaling molecules, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) and agouti signal protein (ASP).	pheomelanin	100-111	nonagouti	Mus musculus	229-250
9218796-1	1997	Molecular and biochemical mechanisms that switch melanocytes between the production of eumelanin or pheomelanin involve the opposing action of two intercellular signaling molecules, alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) and agouti signal protein (ASP).	pheomelanin	100-111	nonagouti	Mus musculus	252-255
9188277-10	1997	Unlike melan-c, melan-a and melan-b showed a strong free radical signal of melanin character with a detectable contribution of pheomelanin-like centers.	pheomelanin	127-138	melan-A	Mus musculus	16-23
9029482-1	1997	alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH, alpha-melanotropin) and agouti control the switch between eumelanin and pheomelanin synthesis in mammalian melanocytes.	pheomelanin	121-132	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	0-36
9029482-1	1997	alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH, alpha-melanotropin) and agouti control the switch between eumelanin and pheomelanin synthesis in mammalian melanocytes.	pheomelanin	121-132	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	38-47
9182807-1	1997	In mouse follicular melanocytes, the switch between eumelanin and pheomelanin synthesis is regulated by the extension locus, which encodes the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) and the agouti locus, which encodes a novel paracrine-signaling molecule that inhibits binding of melanocortins to the MC1R.	pheomelanin	66-77	melanocortin 1 receptor	Mus musculus	168-172
9107139-0	1996	Mouse fibroblast expressing human tyrosinase with DHICA-oxidase activity produces predominantly pheomelanin deposit in lysosome.	pheomelanin	96-107	tyrosinase related protein 1	Homo sapiens	50-63
11666980-0	1996	Oxidative Polymerization of the Pheomelanin Precursor 5-Hydroxy-1,4-benzothiazinylalanine: A New Hint to the Pigment Structure.	pheomelanin	32-43	histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	97-101
8921399-8	1996	In neonatal tissues, Moa1 RNA was detected in both skin and eyes by Northern hybridization and was not affected by the absence of pigment in mice carrying the albino mutation, or by the type of pigment synthesized, i.e., eumelanin vs pheomelanin, in mice carrying the black-and-tan mutation.	pheomelanin	234-245	G protein-coupled receptor 143	Mus musculus	21-25
8888310-1	1996	5-S-cysteinyl-dopa (cysdopa) and 5-S-cysteinyl-dopamine (cysdopamine) are oxidized in vitro by soybean lipoxygenase (LOX) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide giving rise to the corresponding pheomelanins.	pheomelanin	192-204	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4	Glycine max	103-115
8888310-1	1996	5-S-cysteinyl-dopa (cysdopa) and 5-S-cysteinyl-dopamine (cysdopamine) are oxidized in vitro by soybean lipoxygenase (LOX) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide giving rise to the corresponding pheomelanins.	pheomelanin	192-204	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4	Glycine max	117-120
8875952-10	1996	The mechanisms governing pheomelanin to eumelanin balance are dependent on L-cysteine, glutathione, and tyrosinase-related protein-1 expression, but none of these factors alone appears to be dominant in directing the synthesis of a particular type of melanin.	pheomelanin	25-36	tyrosinase related protein 1	Homo sapiens	104-132
8888310-0	1996	Pheomelanin production by the lipoxygenase-catalyzed oxidation of 5-S-cysteinyldopa and 5-S-cysteinyldopamine.	pheomelanin	0-11	linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4	Glycine max	30-42
7761345-6	1994	This multisequential step occurs not only by the induction of Ty synthesis but also by the induction of other regulatory proteins and factors such as dopachrome tautomerase, DHICA-oxidase, catalase, Ty-glycosylation in GERL, and Ty-transfer by coated vesicles to newly assigned melanogenic vacuoles in which not only eumelanin but also rather pronounced concomitant pheomelanin formation is seen.	pheomelanin	366-377	dopachrome tautomerase	Homo sapiens	150-172
7761345-6	1994	This multisequential step occurs not only by the induction of Ty synthesis but also by the induction of other regulatory proteins and factors such as dopachrome tautomerase, DHICA-oxidase, catalase, Ty-glycosylation in GERL, and Ty-transfer by coated vesicles to newly assigned melanogenic vacuoles in which not only eumelanin but also rather pronounced concomitant pheomelanin formation is seen.	pheomelanin	366-377	tyrosinase related protein 1	Homo sapiens	174-187
8867704-1	1994	Biochemical specifity of malignant melanoma is represented in part by the formation of specific cytoplasmatic particles of the pigment cell--melanosomes--in which the synthesis of pigment eumelanin and pheomelanin takes place and in part by the presence of a specific enzyme--tyrosinase--which catalyzes the formation of pigment eumelanin and pheomelanin and even the formation of specific metabolites (so called melanogens) which are excreted in increased amounts in the course of the disease.	pheomelanin	202-213	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	276-286