PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
8988947-7	1997	Dietary starch was directly related to SBP and DBP; dietary saturated fatty acid and cholesterol and Keys score were directly related to DBP; dietary magnesium, fiber, and caffeine were inversely related to SBP and DBP; and dietary protein, polyunsaturated fatty acids, the ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid, and other simple carbohydrates were inversely related to DBP.	Starch	8-14	selenium binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	39-42
9383611-8	1997	More significantly, it was also shown that the STA1-3 genes encoding three glucoamylase isozymes responsible for starch hydrolysis in S. cerevisiae are coregulated with a gene, MUC1, essential for pseudohyphal and invasive growth.	Starch	113-119	Wsc2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	47-53
9383611-8	1997	More significantly, it was also shown that the STA1-3 genes encoding three glucoamylase isozymes responsible for starch hydrolysis in S. cerevisiae are coregulated with a gene, MUC1, essential for pseudohyphal and invasive growth.	Starch	113-119	Flo11p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	177-181
8986205-2	1996	ADH isozyme activities were determined in endoscopic biopsies of the gastric corpus from 24 Japanese and 41 Caucasian men by starch gel electrophoresis and by comparing the reduction of m-nitrobenzaldehyde (a preferred substrate of sigma-ADH) with that of acetaldehyde (a preferred substrate of gamma-ADH) and the glutathione-dependent formaldehyde oxidation (a specific reaction of chi-ADH).	Starch	125-131	alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (class I), alpha polypeptide	Homo sapiens	0-3
12223607-3	1997	We found a direct relationship between the amount of starch produced in the endosperm and the gene dosage of amylose extender-1, brittle-2, shrunken1, and sugary-1 mutant alleles.	Starch	53-59	sucrose synthase 1	Zea mays	140-149
8973557-9	1996	The glgC-16 tubers are held to be suitable for the study of the role of ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase in the control of starch synthesis.	Starch	119-125	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	72-100
8973558-0	1996	Starch metabolism in tubers of transgenic potato (Solanum tuberosum) with increased ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase.	Starch	0-6	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	84-112
8973558-1	1996	The aim of this work was to use tubers from transgenic lines of potato (Solanum tuberosum) containing increased amounts of ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase to study the role of this enzyme in the control of starch synthesis.	Starch	203-209	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	123-151
8973558-4	1996	Flux from [U-14C]sucrose, supplied to tubers still attached to the plant, to starch increased roughly in proportion to the increase in ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase activity.	Starch	77-83	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	135-163
8960907-4	1996	Expression of beta 2m was induced by the addition of starch to the culture medium.	Starch	53-59	beta-2 microglobulin	Mus musculus	14-21
8806404-2	1996	Co-suppression of the endogenous GBSS gene, easily visualised by staining the starch with iodine, occurred when the full-size GBSS sequence (genomic), GBSS cDNA or even the mutant amf allele were introduced into the wild-type potato.	Starch	78-84	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	33-37
8942421-7	1996	However, when the high-amylose starch comprised 33% of the carbohydrate content in a test meal, there was a significant but biologically small reduction in the overall postprandial plasma insulin concentration by 17% relative to the low-amylose diet (P < 0.01).	Starch	31-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	188-195
8819321-1	1996	In this paper we provide further evidence about the nature of a 77-kD starch synthase (SSII) that is both soluble and bound to the starch granules in developing pea (Pisum sativum L.) embryos.	Starch	70-76	granule-bound starch synthase 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	87-91
8819321-3	1996	In transgenic potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) expressing SSII, the protein is both soluble and bound to the starch granules.	Starch	108-114	granule-bound starch synthase 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	57-61
8759368-8	1996	At 8 h of refeeding, both cornstarch- and fructose-fed exercised rats had 71% (P < 0.05) of the FAS mRNA levels of their rested counterparts; at 12 h, these exercised rats showed only 46 and 27% (P < 0.05) of FAS mRNA levels compared with rested rats fed the same diet.	Starch	26-36	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	99-102
8759368-8	1996	At 8 h of refeeding, both cornstarch- and fructose-fed exercised rats had 71% (P < 0.05) of the FAS mRNA levels of their rested counterparts; at 12 h, these exercised rats showed only 46 and 27% (P < 0.05) of FAS mRNA levels compared with rested rats fed the same diet.	Starch	26-36	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	215-218
12226344-4	1996	We suggest that SPS in BS is engaged in sucrose biosynthesis by both photoassimilatory and starch turnover reactions in maize leaves.	Starch	91-97	sucrose-phosphate synthase	Zea mays	16-19
12239373-2	1996	In older interphase cells actively forming starch grains and protein bodies, the protein bodies are enmeshed in EF-1[alpha] and actin and are found juxtaposed with a multidirectional array of microtubules.	Starch	43-49	elongation factor 1-alpha	Zea mays	112-122
12239373-2	1996	In older interphase cells actively forming starch grains and protein bodies, the protein bodies are enmeshed in EF-1[alpha] and actin and are found juxtaposed with a multidirectional array of microtubules.	Starch	43-49	actin-7	Zea mays	128-133
8806404-2	1996	Co-suppression of the endogenous GBSS gene, easily visualised by staining the starch with iodine, occurred when the full-size GBSS sequence (genomic), GBSS cDNA or even the mutant amf allele were introduced into the wild-type potato.	Starch	78-84	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	126-130
8806404-2	1996	Co-suppression of the endogenous GBSS gene, easily visualised by staining the starch with iodine, occurred when the full-size GBSS sequence (genomic), GBSS cDNA or even the mutant amf allele were introduced into the wild-type potato.	Starch	78-84	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	126-130
8662191-1	1996	Transcription of the three unlinked, homologous STA1-3 glucoamylase-encoding genes, involved in starch degradation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was previously shown to be down-regulated by the presence of STA10, acting via three upstream repression sequence regions that were identified in the STA2 promoter.	Starch	96-102	FLO8	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	205-210
8663144-3	1996	The structure and composition of the residual starch synthesized by all mutants of the STA1 locus is dramatically altered.	Starch	46-52	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	87-91
15299664-1	1996	Salivary alpha-amylase, a major component of human saliva, plays a role in the initial digestion of starch and may be involved in the colonization of bacteria involved in early dental plaque formation.	Starch	100-106	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	0-22
8707344-3	1996	In this study, we developed a novel microparticle fabrication technique in which human serum albumin (HSA) was entrapped in starch microparticles grafted with 3-(triethoxysilyl)-propyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (TS-PDMS), a biocompatible silicone polymer.	Starch	124-130	albumin	Mus musculus	87-100
8544777-5	1996	Copper-deficient, starch-fed males exhibited the highest activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase as compared with fructose-fed rats.	Starch	18-24	glutathione peroxidase 1	Rattus norvegicus	95-101
8676861-1	1996	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) is a key regulatory enzyme in the biosynthesis of starch in higher plants.	Starch	86-92	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	0-29
8676861-1	1996	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) is a key regulatory enzyme in the biosynthesis of starch in higher plants.	Starch	86-92	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	31-34
8704131-2	1996	The onset of Sbe1 and Sbe2 expression during endosperm development was similar to that of other genes involved in starch biosynthesis (Wx, Sh2 and Bt2).	Starch	114-120	starch branching enzyme 1	Zea mays	13-17
8704131-2	1996	The onset of Sbe1 and Sbe2 expression during endosperm development was similar to that of other genes involved in starch biosynthesis (Wx, Sh2 and Bt2).	Starch	114-120	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	22-26
8704131-2	1996	The onset of Sbe1 and Sbe2 expression during endosperm development was similar to that of other genes involved in starch biosynthesis (Wx, Sh2 and Bt2).	Starch	114-120	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	139-142
8576067-1	1996	An alpha-amylase was purified from culture supernatants of Sulfolobus solfataricus 98/2 during growth on starch as the sole carbon and energy source.	Starch	105-111	glycoside hydrolase family 57 protein	Saccharolobus solfataricus 98/2	3-16
8576067-6	1996	alpha-Amylase is constitutively produced at low levels but can be induced further by starch addition.	Starch	85-91	glycoside hydrolase family 57 protein	Saccharolobus solfataricus	0-13
8729090-4	1996	We also observed significant repression of insulin-induced SCD1 mRNA upon supplementation of the noninducing starch diet with PUFA.	Starch	109-115	stearoyl-Coenzyme A desaturase 1	Mus musculus	59-63
8590658-2	1995	Following transformation of each plasmid into Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a plate test revealed that the largest starch hydrolysis halo was produced by the strain bearing the B. subtilis alpha-amylase/glucoamylase fusion (BsAAase/GAase), and the smallest halo by the one expressing the mouse pancreatic alpha-amylase/glucoamylase fusion (MAAase/GAase).	Starch	111-117	amylase 2a5	Mus musculus	290-314
8587106-4	1995	The levels of alpha-amylase activity depended on both repression by dietary glucose (glucose repression) and induction by dietary starch (starch induction).	Starch	130-136	Amylase proximal	Drosophila melanogaster	14-27
8587106-4	1995	The levels of alpha-amylase activity depended on both repression by dietary glucose (glucose repression) and induction by dietary starch (starch induction).	Starch	138-144	Amylase proximal	Drosophila melanogaster	14-27
8537082-1	1995	One hundred and sixty-nine Javanese males were screened for the presence of red cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) variants by a dye decoloration screening test and starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	176-182	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	120-124
8595255-1	1995	The hemopexin phenotype HpxB1 isolated from sheep serum, yields three major bands when subjected to starch gel and/or polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis which are here designated as subcomponents HpxB1-I, HpxB1-II and HpxB1-III.	Starch	100-106	hemopexin	Ovis aries	4-13
8617673-4	1995	Results indicate that insulin response was greater in the Starch-fed than in the Fat-fed gilts.	Starch	58-64	insulin	Sus scrofa	22-29
12228465-0	1995	The Role of Pea Chloroplast [alpha]-Glucosidase in Transitory Starch Degradation.	Starch	62-68	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	29-47
24301598-1	1995	In chloroplasts, the light-modulated fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase catalyzes the formation of fructose 6-bisphosphate for the photosynthetic assimilation of CO2 and the biosynthesis of starch.	Starch	183-189	fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, cytosolic	Brassica napus	37-64
7598079-3	1995	Rapidly absorbed carbohydrates, which produce large blood glucose and insulin responses, may be in the form of both sugars and starches.	Starch	127-135	insulin	Homo sapiens	70-77
7611407-2	1995	LPH mRNA levels in the jejunum were similar between LCT-fed and MCT-fed rats, but animals fed the high-starch diet exhibited a greater (2x) LPH mRNA level than other groups.	Starch	103-109	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	140-143
7611407-3	1995	The absolute synthesis rate of LPH, estimated by the flooding dose technique using [3H]phenylalanine, was greater (2.4x) in rats fed the high-starch diet than in other groups.	Starch	142-148	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	31-34
7782895-0	1995	Amylopectin starch promotes the development of insulin resistance in rats.	Starch	12-18	insulin	Homo sapiens	47-54
7782895-1	1995	Starches that are high in amylopectin are digested and absorbed more quickly than starches with a high amylose content and produce larger postprandial glucose and insulin responses.	Starch	0-8	insulin	Homo sapiens	163-170
7782895-1	1995	Starches that are high in amylopectin are digested and absorbed more quickly than starches with a high amylose content and produce larger postprandial glucose and insulin responses.	Starch	82-90	insulin	Homo sapiens	163-170
7782895-2	1995	The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that feeding rats a diet containing quickly digested starch could promote insulin resistance.	Starch	102-108	insulin	Homo sapiens	123-130
7782895-9	1995	The results suggests that quickly digested starch promotes the development of insulin resistance in rats.	Starch	43-49	insulin	Homo sapiens	78-85
7502545-9	1995	Replacement of 15% starch by 15% canola oil resulted in a decrease (P < .05) in the secretion of alpha-amylase and an increase (P < .05) in the secretion of lipase.	Starch	19-25	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: pancreatic alpha-amylase	Sus scrofa	100-113
7744850-6	1995	These kinetic effects are also observed with purified glycogen phosphorylase b when starch or alpha-amylose is used as substrate instead of glycogen.	Starch	84-90	glycogen phosphorylase B	Homo sapiens	54-78
12228465-5	1995	This pH modulation of the [alpha]-glucosidase"s activity and stability is the only mechanism known to regulate starch degradative enzymes in leaves.	Starch	111-117	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	27-45
12228465-9	1995	The ability of the [alpha]-glucosidase to hydrolyze [alpha]-1,2- and [alpha]-1,3-glucosidic bonds may be vital if these bonds exist in starch granules because they would be barriers to other starch degradative enzymes.	Starch	135-141	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	20-38
12228465-9	1995	The ability of the [alpha]-glucosidase to hydrolyze [alpha]-1,2- and [alpha]-1,3-glucosidic bonds may be vital if these bonds exist in starch granules because they would be barriers to other starch degradative enzymes.	Starch	191-197	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	20-38
12228465-10	1995	This purified pea chloroplastic [alpha]-glucosidase was demonstrated to initiate attacks on native transitory chloroplastic starch granules.	Starch	124-130	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	33-51
7606649-5	1995	Haptoglobin was typed using starch gel electrophoresis of haemoglobin-supplemented serum.	Starch	28-34	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	0-11
7773016-0	1995	Characterization of the maize gene sugary1, a determinant of starch composition in kernels.	Starch	61-67	isoamylase 1, chloroplastic	Zea mays	35-42
12228465-1	1995	Pea chloroplastic [alpha]-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) involved in transitory starch degradation was purified to apparent homogeneity by ion exchange, reactive dye, hydroxylapatite, hydrophobic interaction, and gel filtration column chromatography.	Starch	75-81	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	19-37
7700228-1	1995	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is one of the major enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis in higher plants.	Starch	79-85	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 3, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	0-29
7898444-2	1995	In this study, inhibition of granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS), a key enzyme in starch biosynthesis, is used as a model system.	Starch	43-49	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	60-64
7773016-1	1995	In maize kernels, mutations in the gene sugary1 (su1) result in (1) increased sucrose concentration; (2) decreased concentration of amylopectin, the branched component of starch; and (3) accumulation of the highly branched glucopolysaccharide phytoglycogen.	Starch	171-177	isoamylase 1, chloroplastic	Zea mays	40-47
7773016-1	1995	In maize kernels, mutations in the gene sugary1 (su1) result in (1) increased sucrose concentration; (2) decreased concentration of amylopectin, the branched component of starch; and (3) accumulation of the highly branched glucopolysaccharide phytoglycogen.	Starch	171-177	isoamylase 1, chloroplastic	Zea mays	49-52
7766088-8	1995	Introduction of PUL1 into a S. cerevisiae strain containing both STA2 and AMY1, resulted in 99% assimilation of starch.	Starch	112-118	drug-responsive transcription factor PDR1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	74-78
7700228-1	1995	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is one of the major enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis in higher plants.	Starch	79-85	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 3, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	31-37
7700228-7	1995	In leaves, agpS2 expression was induced 2- to 3-fold by exogenous sucrose; therefore, agpS2 represents a new sucrose-responsive gene of starch metabolism.	Starch	136-142	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	11-16
7700228-7	1995	In leaves, agpS2 expression was induced 2- to 3-fold by exogenous sucrose; therefore, agpS2 represents a new sucrose-responsive gene of starch metabolism.	Starch	136-142	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	86-91
7532028-2	1994	GBSS is one of the key enzymes in the biosynthesis of starch and catalyses the formation of amylose.	Starch	54-60	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	0-4
7840071-1	1995	Long-term consumption of high-amylose starch on insulin and glucose response was investigated in 24 men: 10 control and 14 hyperinsulinemic (HI) subjects.	Starch	38-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	48-55
7840071-4	1995	After a starch-tolerance test with bread made from the starch consumed during that period, the insulin response curve area was significantly lower in all subjects after amylose consumption (P < 0.002).	Starch	8-14	insulin	Homo sapiens	95-102
7840071-4	1995	After a starch-tolerance test with bread made from the starch consumed during that period, the insulin response curve area was significantly lower in all subjects after amylose consumption (P < 0.002).	Starch	55-61	insulin	Homo sapiens	95-102
7983010-1	1994	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) catalyzes a key regulatory step in starch synthesis.	Starch	71-77	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	0-29
7983010-1	1994	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) catalyzes a key regulatory step in starch synthesis.	Starch	71-77	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	31-34
7857670-1	1994	The genetic polymorphism of placental glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) was investigated in 300 Korean placentae using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	124-130	hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase/glucose 1-dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	38-59
7857670-1	1994	The genetic polymorphism of placental glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) was investigated in 300 Korean placentae using horizontal starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	124-130	hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase/glucose 1-dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	61-64
7614556-0	1995	Molecular and biochemical characterization of the hexokinase from the starch-utilizing yeast Schwanniomyces occidentalis.	Starch	70-76	hexokinase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	50-60
7532028-4	1994	Expression of each of these genes resulted in the complete inhibition of GBSS gene expression, and thus in the production of amylose-free tuber starch, in mature field-grown plants originating from rooted in vitro plantlets of 4 out of 66 transgenic clones.	Starch	144-150	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	73-77
7532028-6	1994	This is likely to be due to the increase of starch granule size during tuber growth and the specific distribution pattern of starch components in granules of clones with reduced GBSS activity.	Starch	125-131	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	178-182
7532028-8	1994	Field analysis of the transgenic clones indicated that inhibition of GBSS gene expression could be achieved without significantly affecting the starch and sugar content of transgenic tubers, the expression level of other genes involved in starch and tuber metabolism and agronomic characteristics such as yield and dry matter content.	Starch	144-150	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	69-73
7965208-5	1994	The lower sucrase and lactase activities observed in the jejunum of animals force-fed the high fat diet after consuming the high starch, low fat diet were accompanied by greater trypsin activity in the lumen of the upper and lower jejunum, suggesting that proteolytic degradation of sucrase and lactase might be stimulated in rats fed the high fat diets.	Starch	129-135	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	22-29
7786685-7	1994	Exogenous testosterone interacted with starch and magnesium deficiency to decrease serum calcium concentration significantly, which increased circulating parathyroid hormone.	Starch	39-45	parathyroid hormone	Rattus norvegicus	154-173
7914917-7	1994	However, there was a significantly lower secretion of alpha-amylase, which was a direct result of the replacement of starch by pectin.	Starch	117-123	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: pancreatic alpha-amylase	Sus scrofa	54-67
16349415-1	1994	A color variant strain of Aureobasidium pullulans (NRRL Y-12974) produced beta-glucosidase activity when grown in liquid culture on a variety of carbon sources, such as cellobiose, xylose, arabinose, lactose, sucrose, maltose, glucose, xylitol, xylan, cellulose, starch, and pullulan.	Starch	263-269	beta-glucosidase	Zea mays	74-90
8135821-1	1994	Maltoporin has been purified by affinity chromatography on starch gel columns.	Starch	59-65	maltoporin	Escherichia coli	0-10
7765034-3	1994	An extract of E. coli JM109 harboring pBETA92 had beta-amylase activity that produced beta-maltose from soluble starch.	Starch	112-118	1,4-alpha-D-glucan maltohydrolase	Hordeum vulgare	50-62
24186021-1	1994	Granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS) catalyses the synthesis of amylose in starch granules.	Starch	14-20	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	31-35
24186021-5	1994	Staining of starch with iodine was suitable for investigating the degree of expression of the inserted GBSS gene in transgenic amf plants.	Starch	12-18	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	103-107
8038601-1	1994	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is a key regulatory enzyme in starch biosynthesis in higher plants.	Starch	69-75	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	0-29
8038601-1	1994	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is a key regulatory enzyme in starch biosynthesis in higher plants.	Starch	69-75	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	31-37
8004636-1	1994	Modification of porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase (PPA) and Taka-amylase A(TAA) with diethyl pyrocarbonate (DEP) causes activation of the release of p-nitrophenol from p-nitrophenol alpha-maltoside (G2PNP), and a decrease in amylase activity (hydrolysis of alpha-1,4 glucosidic bonds in starch).	Starch	286-292	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	24-48
8188314-1	1994	233 Pushtoons (129 males and 104 females), 51 Punjabi Muslims (29 males and 22 females) and 21 Afghans (15 males and 6 females) were screened for the presence of red cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) variants by a dye decolouration screening test and starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	263-269	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	206-210
8168517-8	1994	However, AMY2 and both hybrid AMY species, but not AMY1, show maximum enzyme activity on insoluble blue starch at approximately 10 mM CaCl2.	Starch	104-110	drug-responsive transcription factor PDR3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	9-13
8169289-11	1994	Protein source significantly influenced milk yield, and milk composition was altered by starch source.	Starch	88-94	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	56-60
8025367-2	1994	Apolipoprotein B secreted by hepatocytes from rats fed a sucrose diet was significantly more than in rats fed starch or glucose.	Starch	110-116	apolipoprotein B	Rattus norvegicus	0-16
8220488-9	1993	In the nodal region Myb promoter-controlled Gus expression is mainly confined to the abaxial starch sheath of the leaf trace, to the branch traces and to internal strands of primary phloem.	Starch	93-99	uncharacterized protein LOC107775040	Nicotiana tabacum	20-23
8068199-3	1994	Several theories have been presented in the literature to explain this firming effect: retrogradation of starch, leaching of amylose, stabilization of the middle lamellae and cell walls by the activation of the pectin methylesterase (PME) enzyme, and by the release of calcium from gelatinized starch and the formation of calcium bridges between pectin molecules.	Starch	105-111	pectin methyl esterase	Solanum tuberosum	211-232
8068199-3	1994	Several theories have been presented in the literature to explain this firming effect: retrogradation of starch, leaching of amylose, stabilization of the middle lamellae and cell walls by the activation of the pectin methylesterase (PME) enzyme, and by the release of calcium from gelatinized starch and the formation of calcium bridges between pectin molecules.	Starch	294-300	pectin methyl esterase	Solanum tuberosum	234-237
8068199-6	1994	As an example, calcium could be considered as a link all the way through release after starch gelatinization to cross-linking pectin substances in the cell wall and the middle lamellae, which has been demethylated by the PME enzyme.	Starch	87-93	pectin methyl esterase	Solanum tuberosum	221-224
8257430-8	1993	The occurrence of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and malate dehydrogenases in some plastid types is discussed in relation to their possible role in starch synthesis.	Starch	145-151	fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase	Zea mays	18-45
8260633-1	1993	A tuber-specific cDNA library of cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) was constructed and a full-length cDNA for granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS, also known as waxy protein), the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of amylose in reserve starch, was cloned.	Starch	125-131	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	142-146
7902568-2	1993	In 1964, when this genetic polymorphism was first described, two common allelozymes PGM1 and PGM1 2 were identified by starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	119-125	phosphoglucomutase 1	Homo sapiens	84-88
7902568-2	1993	In 1964, when this genetic polymorphism was first described, two common allelozymes PGM1 and PGM1 2 were identified by starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	119-125	phosphoglucomutase 1	Homo sapiens	93-97
8295859-6	1993	Legume starch is more slowly digested than starch from cereals and tubers and produces less abrupt changes in plasma glucose and insulin upon ingestion.	Starch	7-13	insulin	Homo sapiens	129-136
7901200-0	1993	Site-directed mutagenesis of histidine 93, aspartic acid 180, glutamic acid 205, histidine 290, and aspartic acid 291 at the active site and tryptophan 279 at the raw starch binding site in barley alpha-amylase 1.	Starch	167-173	LOC548210	Hordeum vulgare	197-212
8125061-1	1993	The electrophoretic behavior of human red cell pyrimidine 5"-nucleotidase isozymes (UMPH1 and UMPH2) was studied on starch gels with and without treatment with thiol reagents.	Starch	116-122	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IIIA	Homo sapiens	84-89
8125061-1	1993	The electrophoretic behavior of human red cell pyrimidine 5"-nucleotidase isozymes (UMPH1 and UMPH2) was studied on starch gels with and without treatment with thiol reagents.	Starch	116-122	5', 3'-nucleotidase, cytosolic	Homo sapiens	94-99
8144170-5	1993	Similarly, activities of ADPG-pyrophosphorylase and ADPG-starch synthetase closely followed the pattern of starch accumulation in pod tissues.	Starch	57-63	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	52-56
12232103-10	1994	Except around the vascular tissue, the localization of sucrose synthase mRNA positively correlates with starch granule accumulation at the cellular level.	Starch	104-110	sucrose synthase	Solanum lycopersicum	55-71
21395790-6	1994	Furthermore, starch-gel electrophoresis allowed the detection of a variant with intermediate mobility between the ALB(A) and the ALB(B) alleles at the albumin locus.	Starch	13-19	albumin	Bos taurus	114-117
21395790-6	1994	Furthermore, starch-gel electrophoresis allowed the detection of a variant with intermediate mobility between the ALB(A) and the ALB(B) alleles at the albumin locus.	Starch	13-19	albumin	Bos taurus	129-132
12244219-3	1994	Analysis of starch production and starch granule composition in transgenic tubers revealed that reduction of GBSS activity always resulted in a reduction of the production of amylose.	Starch	12-18	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	109-113
12244219-3	1994	Analysis of starch production and starch granule composition in transgenic tubers revealed that reduction of GBSS activity always resulted in a reduction of the production of amylose.	Starch	34-40	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	109-113
12244219-6	1994	In plants showing inhibition of GBSS gene expression, the reduced amylose content in tuber starch was not a consequence of a lower amylose content throughout the entire starch granule.	Starch	91-97	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	32-36
12244219-10	1994	During development of the granules, the available GBSS protein is thought to become limiting, resulting in the formation of starch that lacks amylose.	Starch	124-130	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	50-54
12244219-11	1994	RNA gel blot analysis of tuber tissue showed that inhibition of GBSS gene expression resulted in a reduced GBSS mRNA level but did not affect the expression level of other starch synthesizing enzymes.	Starch	172-178	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	64-68
8404647-5	1993	The amount of GLUT5 mRNA and protein in the jejuni of rats fed a fructose-enriched diet (50%, wt/wt) for 3 days were increased 2.5- and 6-fold, respectively, compared to those of rats fed standard rat chow, whereas those of rats fed a starch-enriched diet (50%, wt/wt) were not altered.	Starch	235-241	solute carrier family 2 member 5	Rattus norvegicus	14-19
8334116-1	1993	New crystallographic findings are presented which offer a deeper understanding of the structure and functioning of beta-amylase, the first known exo-type starch-hydrolyzing enzyme.	Starch	154-160	beta-amylase	Glycine max	115-127
8228210-4	1993	METHODS: Haptoglobin polymorphism was studied using starch-gel electrophoresis of haemoglobin-supplemented serum.	Starch	52-58	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	9-20
8338159-2	1993	To investigate this effect in vivo in intact rats, plasma CCK was measured after orogastric feeding of proteins, protein hydrolysates, amino acids, glucose, and starch.	Starch	161-167	cholecystokinin	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
8513589-0	1993	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin 1, eicosanoid, and hydrogen peroxide release from macrophages exposed to glove starch particles.	Starch	120-126	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	0-27
8322908-1	1993	This study documents the discrete solute permeability mechanisms associated with physiologically high concentrations of human alpha-thrombin and bradykinin stimulation of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cell (BPAEC) monolayers using fluorescein isothiocyanate-hydroxyethyl starch macromolecules.	Starch	277-283	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	132-140
8322908-1	1993	This study documents the discrete solute permeability mechanisms associated with physiologically high concentrations of human alpha-thrombin and bradykinin stimulation of bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cell (BPAEC) monolayers using fluorescein isothiocyanate-hydroxyethyl starch macromolecules.	Starch	277-283	kininogen 1	Homo sapiens	145-155
8321846-0	1993	Interferon-gamma in starch microparticles: nitric oxide-generating activity in vitro and antileishmanial effect in mice.	Starch	20-26	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	0-16
8321846-1	1993	Recombinant mouse interferon-gamma (mu IFN-gamma) was covalently coupled to polyacryl starch microparticles, a lysosomotropic drug carrier.	Starch	86-92	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	18-34
8321846-1	1993	Recombinant mouse interferon-gamma (mu IFN-gamma) was covalently coupled to polyacryl starch microparticles, a lysosomotropic drug carrier.	Starch	86-92	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	39-48
24193708-3	1993	An antiserum specific for GSP was used to show that GSP accumulated in both hard and soft wheat grains, but the GSP in soft grains associated more strongly with starch granules than the GSP in hard grains.	Starch	161-167	puroindoline-B-like	Triticum aestivum	26-29
24193708-5	1993	This differs from the qualitative relationship, based on the isolated starch fraction, between GSP and grain softness that has already been reported.	Starch	70-76	puroindoline-B-like	Triticum aestivum	95-98
7691018-6	1993	However, there was a significant (p < .05) decrease in the secretion of alpha-amylase, which was actually a direct result of the replacement of starch by pectin.	Starch	147-153	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: pancreatic alpha-amylase	Sus scrofa	75-88
8491405-2	1993	Starch gel electrophoresis was used to compare the prevalence of GSTM1 null phenotype 0 in patients with end stage primary biliary cirrhosis and a group of controls without evidence of liver disease.	Starch	0-6	glutathione S-transferase mu 1	Homo sapiens	65-70
8437990-8	1993	Lactase activity was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in obese sucrose-fed rats compared with obese starch-fed and/or lean littermates.	Starch	102-108	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	0-7
12231688-2	1993	In this work the relationships among the activities of sucrose synthase and acid invertase, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv UC-82B fruit growth, and starch accumulation were analyzed in fruit at 0 to 39 d after anthesis.	Starch	149-155	sucrose synthase	Solanum lycopersicum	55-71
12231688-3	1993	Sucrose synthase, but not acid invertase, was found to be positively correlated with tomato fruit relative growth rate and with starch content in the pericarp tissue.	Starch	128-134	sucrose synthase	Solanum lycopersicum	0-16
12231688-4	1993	A similar association between sucrose synthase activity and starch accumulation was also evident in the basal portion of the stem.	Starch	60-66	sucrose synthase	Solanum lycopersicum	30-46
12231688-6	1993	After the heat-shock treatment, concomitantly with the suppressed sucrose synthase activity relative to the controls, there was a reduction in sucrose cleavage and starch accumulation.	Starch	164-170	sucrose synthase	Solanum lycopersicum	66-82
1396481-11	1992	In conclusion, sterilization influences the nutritional properties of starch in pasta by substantially increasing the glucose and insulin responses and by formation of resistant starch.	Starch	70-76	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	80-85
12231708-8	1993	SPS was a major determinant of the amount of starch in leaves as well as sucrose.	Starch	45-51	sucrose-phosphate synthase	Solanum lycopersicum	0-3
12231708-9	1993	There was a strong positive correlation between the ratio of sucrose to starch and SPS activity in leaves.	Starch	72-78	sucrose-phosphate synthase	Solanum lycopersicum	83-86
1330513-0	1992	Effects of baking, pasta production, and extrusion cooking on formation of resistant starch.	Starch	85-91	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	19-24
1396481-11	1992	In conclusion, sterilization influences the nutritional properties of starch in pasta by substantially increasing the glucose and insulin responses and by formation of resistant starch.	Starch	70-76	insulin	Homo sapiens	130-137
1616480-1	1992	Starch gel electrophoresis and histochemical staining with L-leucylglycyl-glycine revealed genetic polymorphism in peptidase B in cattle erythrocytes.	Starch	0-6	PEPB	Bos taurus	115-126
16669032-7	1992	The SPS gene has recently been cloned from maize; results of preliminary studies with transgenic tomato plants expressing high levels of maize SPS support the postulate that SPS activity can influence the partitioning of carbon between starch and sucrose.	Starch	236-242	sucrose-phosphate synthase	Zea mays	4-7
16669032-7	1992	The SPS gene has recently been cloned from maize; results of preliminary studies with transgenic tomato plants expressing high levels of maize SPS support the postulate that SPS activity can influence the partitioning of carbon between starch and sucrose.	Starch	236-242	sucrose-phosphate synthase	Zea mays	143-146
16669032-7	1992	The SPS gene has recently been cloned from maize; results of preliminary studies with transgenic tomato plants expressing high levels of maize SPS support the postulate that SPS activity can influence the partitioning of carbon between starch and sucrose.	Starch	236-242	sucrose-phosphate synthase	Zea mays	143-146
1582958-4	1992	Increasing starch intake has been suggested to increase pancreatic alpha-amylase; however, recent work suggests that dietary energy per se may drive these changes, and interactions with other nutrients, such as protein, may exist.	Starch	11-17	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	56-80
1368242-2	1992	The sta2 gene, conferring the ability to metabolize starch was transferred from an auxotrophic haploid strain of S. cerevisiae (S. diastaticus) and the melibiose-metabolism (mel) gene(s), from S. kluyveri, to the kar1-1 mutant [K5-5A; (alpha ade2 his4 can1 gal) by normal mating and protoplast fusion.	Starch	52-58	Kar1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	213-217
1729468-2	1992	Starch, a polysaccharide composed of alpha 1,4-linked glucose units (amylose) and alpha 1,4-1,6-linked branched structure (amylopectin), is cleaved in the duodenal cavity by secreted pancreatic alpha-amylase to a disaccharide (maltose), trisaccharide (maltotriose), and branched alpha-dextrins.	Starch	0-6	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	183-207
1373373-3	1992	This resulted in the abolition of starch formation in tubers, thus proving that AGPase has a unique role in starch biosynthesis in plants.	Starch	34-40	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	80-86
1373373-3	1992	This resulted in the abolition of starch formation in tubers, thus proving that AGPase has a unique role in starch biosynthesis in plants.	Starch	108-114	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	80-86
1515125-1	1992	Paralyzed flagellar mutants pf-1, pf-2, pf-7, and pf-18 of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Dangeard) were shown to store a significantly greater amount of starch than the motile wild type 137c+.	Starch	165-171	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	34-38
1499461-1	1992	OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor miglitol (BAYm 1099) regarding the starch content of food.	Starch	107-113	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	44-61
1839890-0	1991	Branched saccharides formed by the action of His-modified cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Klebsiella pneumoniae M 5 al on starch.	Starch	128-134	hydroquinone glucosyltransferase-like	Solanum tuberosum	71-90
1729600-3	1992	We found that when glycogen produced by strains carrying the glc-1p (previously called gha1-1) mutation is stained with iodine, the absorption spectrum resembles that of starch rather than that of glycogen, suggesting that this mutation might reduce the level of branching in the glycogen particles.	Starch	170-176	GTPase-activating protein IRA1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	61-67
1729600-3	1992	We found that when glycogen produced by strains carrying the glc-1p (previously called gha1-1) mutation is stained with iodine, the absorption spectrum resembles that of starch rather than that of glycogen, suggesting that this mutation might reduce the level of branching in the glycogen particles.	Starch	170-176	1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	87-93
1805470-1	1991	Starch gel electrophoresis has been used to study polymorphism of proteins of blood (Hb, Tf, Al) and milk (alpha S1-Cn, beta-Cn, beta-Lg) in animals of the Holstein-Friesian (n = 140), Leisindian (n = 32) breeds and their hybrids (F1, n = 34); F2, n = 37; F3, n = 31) reared in Vietnam.	Starch	0-6	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	129-136
1726705-11	1991	However, repeated analyses of PB and marrow cells for human ADA gene expression by starch gel electrophoresis were negative.	Starch	83-89	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	60-63
24186414-2	1991	It is shown that the proximal 532 base pairs (bp) of the upstream region of a B1-hordein gene drive the expression of the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene (uidA) in sub-aleurone and starchy-endosperm cells but not in cells devoid of starch, i.e. developing aleurone cells.	Starch	179-185	LOC102682036	Hordeum vulgare	78-88
1778982-1	1991	Porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase (1,4-alpha-D-glucan glucanohydrolase) [EC 3.2.1.1] has both amylase activity (hydrolysis of alpha-1,4-D-glucoside bond of starch) and maltosidase activity (hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl-alpha-D-maltoside to p-nitrophenol and maltose).	Starch	155-161	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	8-32
1745241-5	1991	The expression pattern of the gene coding for potato branching enzyme, as analyzed at the mRNA level, closely resembles that of AGPase S, a gene coding for one of the subunits of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, which is the key regulatory enzyme in the starch biosynthetic pathway.	Starch	252-258	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	128-136
1840396-7	1991	The elevated SPS activity caused a reduction of starch and increase of sucrose in the tomato leaves.	Starch	48-54	sucrose-phosphate synthase	Solanum lycopersicum	13-16
24213172-4	1991	This confirms the fact that, in potato, GBSS is the only enzyme responsible for the presence of amylose, accumulating in all starch-containing tissues.	Starch	125-131	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	40-44
1855663-1	1991	The types of blood hemoglobin, transferrin and albumin as well as the types of alpha s1-casein, beta-casein and beta-lactoglobulin revealed by starch-gel electrophoresis were used in analysis of the results obtained in crossings of Holsteins-Frisian and Laisind races of cattle bred in Vietnam.	Starch	143-149	beta-lactoglobulin	Bos taurus	112-130
1898059-1	1991	Porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1; abbreviated PPA), which hydrolyzes alpha-D-(1,4) glucosidic bonds in starch and amylose, displays an optimum at pH 6.9 for the majority of substrates.	Starch	115-121	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	8-32
1829637-7	1991	Of fundamental significance is that beta-amylase protonates maltal from a direction opposite that assumed for protonating starch, yet creates products of the same anomeric configuration from both.	Starch	122-128	beta-amylase	Glycine max	36-48
1887332-6	1991	Such cells expressed APRT at approximately 50% wild-type activity and the enzyme was shown to be CHO APRT by starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	109-115	adenine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	21-25
1887332-6	1991	Such cells expressed APRT at approximately 50% wild-type activity and the enzyme was shown to be CHO APRT by starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	109-115	adenine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	101-105
1865470-2	1991	Female carriers who manifest XHED may have defective dentition or a patchy distribution of sweating or both, as determined by starch and iodine sweat testing.	Starch	126-132	ectodysplasin A	Homo sapiens	29-33
1671715-3	1991	Lol pIb is located mainly in the starch granules.	Starch	33-39	lysyl oxidase like 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
1824915-0	1991	A quantitative assessment of the importance of barley seed alpha-amylase, beta-amylase, debranching enzyme, and alpha-glucosidase in starch degradation.	Starch	133-139	Agl1	Hordeum vulgare	112-129
1824915-4	1991	beta-Amylase was only significantly correlated with hydrolysis of boiled soluble starch.	Starch	81-87	1,4-alpha-D-glucan maltohydrolase	Hordeum vulgare	0-12
1824915-9	1991	alpha-Glucosidase contributed to the hydrolysis of boiled soluble starch primarily by its direct effect (noninteractive) yet contributed to starch granule hydrolysis primarily via its interaction with alpha-amylase (indirect effect).	Starch	66-72	Agl1	Hordeum vulgare	0-17
1824915-9	1991	alpha-Glucosidase contributed to the hydrolysis of boiled soluble starch primarily by its direct effect (noninteractive) yet contributed to starch granule hydrolysis primarily via its interaction with alpha-amylase (indirect effect).	Starch	140-146	Agl1	Hordeum vulgare	0-17
1824915-10	1991	The contribution of beta-amylase to hydrolysis of boiled soluble starch was direct and it did not contribute significantly to hydrolysis of native starch granules.	Starch	65-71	1,4-alpha-D-glucan maltohydrolase	Hordeum vulgare	20-32
2005870-1	1991	Granule-bound starch synthase [GBSS; EC 24.1.21] determines the presence of amylose in reserve starches.	Starch	95-103	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	31-35
2005870-4	1991	Inhibition of GBSS activity in potato tuber starch was found to vary from 70% to 100%.	Starch	44-50	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	14-18
2005870-1	1991	Granule-bound starch synthase [GBSS; EC 24.1.21] determines the presence of amylose in reserve starches.	Starch	95-103	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	0-29
2005870-5	1991	In those cases where total suppression of GBSS activity was found both GBSS protein and amylose were absent, giving rise to tubers containing amylose-free starch.	Starch	155-161	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	42-46
1985938-1	1991	Starch gel electrophoresis of homogenates from human stomach mucosa resolves three alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) forms: the anodic chi-ADH (class III), the cathodic gamma-ADH (class I), and a new form of slow cathodic mobility that has not been previously characterized.	Starch	0-6	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	83-104
1985938-1	1991	Starch gel electrophoresis of homogenates from human stomach mucosa resolves three alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) forms: the anodic chi-ADH (class III), the cathodic gamma-ADH (class I), and a new form of slow cathodic mobility that has not been previously characterized.	Starch	0-6	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	106-109
1985938-1	1991	Starch gel electrophoresis of homogenates from human stomach mucosa resolves three alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) forms: the anodic chi-ADH (class III), the cathodic gamma-ADH (class I), and a new form of slow cathodic mobility that has not been previously characterized.	Starch	0-6	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	133-136
1985938-1	1991	Starch gel electrophoresis of homogenates from human stomach mucosa resolves three alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) forms: the anodic chi-ADH (class III), the cathodic gamma-ADH (class I), and a new form of slow cathodic mobility that has not been previously characterized.	Starch	0-6	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	133-136
1811491-1	1991	The enzyme systems aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FDH) and S-formylglutation dehydrogenase (FGH/ESD) were investigated in specimen of cadaveric liver and brain by semiquantitative adjusted starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	217-223	esterase D	Homo sapiens	120-123
8967771-6	1991	alpha-Amylase activity on soluble starch was optimal at pH 5.6 and 45 degrees C. The alpha-amylase was stable at an acidic pH but very sensitive to thermal inactivation.	Starch	34-40	amyA	Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824	0-13
8967771-6	1991	alpha-Amylase activity on soluble starch was optimal at pH 5.6 and 45 degrees C. The alpha-amylase was stable at an acidic pH but very sensitive to thermal inactivation.	Starch	34-40	amyA	Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824	85-98
1815967-0	1991	Inhibition of sucrose- and starch-induced glycaemic and hormonal responses by the alpha-glucosidase inhibitor emiglitate (BAY o 1248) in healthy volunteers.	Starch	27-33	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	82-99
2227402-1	1990	A total of 100 autopsy liver extracts from Russian individuals were examined for glutathione-S-transferase I (GST1) isozymes by means of starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	137-143	glutathione S-transferase mu 1	Homo sapiens	110-114
1745108-4	1991	The mobility of these bands on starch gel electrophoresis corresponded to those recently reported and named mu-ADH or sigma-ADH.	Starch	31-37	alcohol dehydrogenase 7 (class IV), mu or sigma polypeptide	Homo sapiens	118-127
1768452-1	1991	The distribution of phenotypes of red cell phosphatase (ACP) in ten ethnic groups in Yunnan Province was investigated by starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	121-127	CPAT1	Homo sapiens	56-59
2247447-3	1990	det1 root plastids are differentiated into chloroplasts and are present in very high numbers in root cortex cells in contrast to the few starch-containing amyloplasts normally found in Arabidopsis roots.	Starch	137-143	light-mediated development protein 1 / deetiolated1 (DET1)	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-4
1979298-10	1990	S. cerevisiae cells transformed with centromere plasmids carrying the GAM1 gene fused to promoters of different S. cerevisiae genes, namely GAL1, PDC1 and ADH1, efficiently secrete GAM and are able to grow with soluble starch as a sole carbon source.	Starch	219-225	SWI/SNF catalytic subunit SNF2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	70-74
2258049-6	1990	In the media of a cotransformed A. nidulans strain grown on starch, IL6 activity was detected by means of a bioassay.	Starch	60-66	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	68-71
2203258-2	1990	The rarer GAA 2 allozyme has a lower affinity for glycogen and starch but not for lower-molecular-weight substrates.	Starch	63-69	alpha glucosidase	Homo sapiens	10-13
2203258-3	1990	The GAA 2 allozyme can be detected by "affinity" electrophoresis in starch gel, since the lower affinity for the starch matrix results in a more rapid migration to the anode.	Starch	68-74	alpha glucosidase	Homo sapiens	4-7
2203258-3	1990	The GAA 2 allozyme can be detected by "affinity" electrophoresis in starch gel, since the lower affinity for the starch matrix results in a more rapid migration to the anode.	Starch	113-119	alpha glucosidase	Homo sapiens	4-7
2203258-11	1990	The enzyme activity exhibited the altered mobility of the GAA 2 allozyme, as demonstrated by electrophoresis in starch gel.	Starch	112-118	alpha glucosidase	Homo sapiens	58-61
2223417-2	1990	Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors such as miglitol and acarbose lower blood glucose after a starch load in healthy volunteers and diabetic patients by interfering with the conversion of disaccharide to monosaccharide in the gastrointestinal tract.	Starch	87-93	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
16667704-4	1990	Dramatic synergism, as much as 10.7-fold, of native starch granule hydrolysis, as determined by reducing sugar production, occurred when high pl alpha-glucosidase was combined with either high or low pl alpha-amylase.	Starch	52-58	Agl1	Hordeum vulgare	145-162
24197003-10	1990	The patterns of POD isoforms resulting from the wound-healing process were determined by means of starch-gel electrophoresis.	Starch	98-104	peroxidase 43	Cicer arietinum	16-19
2173563-0	1990	Lack of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in a range of higher plants that store starch.	Starch	75-81	fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase	Zea mays	8-35
2173563-1	1990	The aim of this work was to discover whether fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) is present in higher-plant cells that synthesize storage starch.	Starch	139-145	fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase	Zea mays	45-72
2173563-1	1990	The aim of this work was to discover whether fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) is present in higher-plant cells that synthesize storage starch.	Starch	139-145	fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase	Zea mays	74-80
2173563-14	1990	It is also argued that, where FBPase is absent, carbon for starch synthesis does not enter the amyloplast as triose phosphate.	Starch	59-65	fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase	Zea mays	30-36
1967077-1	1990	Mutation at the shrunken-2 (Sh2) locus of maize, a gene described more than 40 years ago, greatly reduces starch levels in the endosperm through its effect on the starch synthetic enzyme ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, an enzyme thought to be regulatory in this biosynthetic pathway.	Starch	106-112	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	16-26
1703626-8	1990	The accumulation of AGPase S mRNA was always found to be accompanied by an increase in starch content.	Starch	87-93	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	20-28
2223766-1	1990	Porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1, abbreviated as PPA) hydrolyzes alpha-D-(1,4) glucosidic bonds in starch and amylose at random, and the optimum pH for the substrates is 6.9.	Starch	111-117	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	8-32
1967077-1	1990	Mutation at the shrunken-2 (Sh2) locus of maize, a gene described more than 40 years ago, greatly reduces starch levels in the endosperm through its effect on the starch synthetic enzyme ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, an enzyme thought to be regulatory in this biosynthetic pathway.	Starch	106-112	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	28-31
1967077-1	1990	Mutation at the shrunken-2 (Sh2) locus of maize, a gene described more than 40 years ago, greatly reduces starch levels in the endosperm through its effect on the starch synthetic enzyme ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, an enzyme thought to be regulatory in this biosynthetic pathway.	Starch	106-112	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	187-216
1967077-1	1990	Mutation at the shrunken-2 (Sh2) locus of maize, a gene described more than 40 years ago, greatly reduces starch levels in the endosperm through its effect on the starch synthetic enzyme ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, an enzyme thought to be regulatory in this biosynthetic pathway.	Starch	163-169	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	16-26
1967077-1	1990	Mutation at the shrunken-2 (Sh2) locus of maize, a gene described more than 40 years ago, greatly reduces starch levels in the endosperm through its effect on the starch synthetic enzyme ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, an enzyme thought to be regulatory in this biosynthetic pathway.	Starch	163-169	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	28-31
1967077-1	1990	Mutation at the shrunken-2 (Sh2) locus of maize, a gene described more than 40 years ago, greatly reduces starch levels in the endosperm through its effect on the starch synthetic enzyme ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, an enzyme thought to be regulatory in this biosynthetic pathway.	Starch	163-169	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	187-216
2383526-1	1990	Apparent and partial digestible energy values for alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1)-resistant, retrograde starches, isolated from cooked maize and pea starches (RMS and RPS respectively), were determined in male Wistar rats (about 180 g) during a 28-29 d balance period with ten animals per treatment.	Starch	99-107	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	50-63
2367268-8	1990	Discrepancies between calorimetric and fat-retention TME estimates represented animal-fat effects on wheat starch, fat, and amino-acid retentions.	Starch	107-113	Tibia modulus of elasticity	Gallus gallus	53-56
16667240-8	1990	Rather, increased accumulation of starch in +/-N endosperm was correlated with significant increases in the enzymatic activities of sucrose synthase and PPi-linked phosphofructokinase, and to a lessor extent hexokinase.	Starch	34-40	hexokinase 2	Zea mays	208-218
2182125-0	1990	Cloning and expression of raw-starch-digesting alpha-amylase gene from Bacillus circulans F-2 in Escherichia coli.	Starch	30-36	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	47-60
2182125-9	1990	Thus, this paper is to our knowledge the first describing the molecular cloning of raw-starch-digesting alpha-amylase from Bacillus species and its successful expression in E. coli.	Starch	87-93	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	104-117
2178390-0	1990	Pasta cooking time: influence on starch digestion and plasma glucose and insulin responses in healthy subjects.	Starch	33-39	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
2185824-5	1990	Diets with a high-starch content led to increased proportions of propionic acid in the rumen and increased concentrations of insulin in the blood.	Starch	18-24	insulin	Bos taurus	125-132
2386315-2	1990	A genetic polymorphism of delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) in the domestic rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus, was detected by starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	135-141	delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	26-64
2386315-2	1990	A genetic polymorphism of delta-aminolaevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) in the domestic rabbit, Oryctolagus cuniculus, was detected by starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	135-141	delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	66-70
2331875-7	1990	Catalase migration on starch-gel resembled the human enzyme"s electrophoretic mobility for all salmon species and rainbow trout.	Starch	22-28	catalase	Homo sapiens	0-8
1366409-3	1990	Immobilization of alpha-amylase results in the formation of less polymerized products resulting in an apparent decrease in the number of transglycosylation reactions, for both maltotetraose and starch as substrates, when compared with free enzyme.	Starch	194-200	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	18-31
33774822-2	2021	Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) catalyzes the interconversion between glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) and fructose 6-phosphate (F6P), which are important metabolic molecules in starch synthesis within chloroplasts and sucrose synthesis in cytosol.	Starch	170-176	phosphoglucose isomerase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-24
33774822-2	2021	Phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI) catalyzes the interconversion between glucose 6-phosphate (G6P) and fructose 6-phosphate (F6P), which are important metabolic molecules in starch synthesis within chloroplasts and sucrose synthesis in cytosol.	Starch	170-176	phosphoglucose isomerase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	26-29
33774822-7	2021	Engineering of TaPGIc into chloroplasts of a pgip mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana (atpgip) resulted in starch overaccumulation, increased carbon dioxide assimilation, up to 19% more plant biomass and 27% seed yield productivity.	Starch	102-108	phosphoglucose isomerase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	45-49
33773227-7	2021	The ABA content increased by 25.18% and GA content decreased by 27.99% under salt stress compared with the control at 24 h. When exogenous melatonin was applied to the cotton seeds, the content of alpha-amylase and beta-galactosidase increased by 121.77% and 32.76%, respectively, whereas the starch contents decreased by 13.55% compared with the S treatment at day 7.	Starch	293-299	beta-galactosidase 13-like	Gossypium hirsutum	215-233
34896463-1	2022	The study aimed to develop pre-gelatinized starch-based orally disintegrating films (ODFs) containing catechin/beta-cyclodextrin (CAT/beta-CD) complex and to evaluate the influence of the complex on the physicochemical properties of the ODFs.	Starch	43-49	chloramphenicol acetyltransferase	Staphylococcus aureus	130-133
2350402-8	1990	Starch hydrolysate promptly raised plasma CCK-LI level to a plateau value (PV: 52.5 +/- 13.1 pM from basal 11.9 +/- 1.4 pM; CA: 35.4 +/- 8.0 from basal 8.5 +/- 0.8 pM).	Starch	0-6	cholecystokinin	Sus scrofa	42-45
34893415-2	2022	Recently, we invented a pasta with reduced starch content to about 50% and increased dietary fiber content, designated low-starch high-fiber pasta (LSHFP).	Starch	43-49	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	24-29
34893415-2	2022	Recently, we invented a pasta with reduced starch content to about 50% and increased dietary fiber content, designated low-starch high-fiber pasta (LSHFP).	Starch	43-49	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	141-146
34893415-2	2022	Recently, we invented a pasta with reduced starch content to about 50% and increased dietary fiber content, designated low-starch high-fiber pasta (LSHFP).	Starch	123-129	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	24-29
34893415-2	2022	Recently, we invented a pasta with reduced starch content to about 50% and increased dietary fiber content, designated low-starch high-fiber pasta (LSHFP).	Starch	123-129	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	141-146
2268079-1	1990	Starch gel electrophoresis disclosed six transferrin phenotypes, explainable by three alleles (TF A, TF D, TF E), and three albumin phenotypes, determined by two alleles (ALB A, ALB B).	Starch	0-6	transferrin	Homo sapiens	41-52
33808830-0	2021	Monovalent Salt and pH-Induced Gelation of Oxidised Cellulose Nanofibrils and Starch Networks: Combining Rheology and Small-Angle X-ray Scattering.	Starch	78-84	phenylalanine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	20-22
33808830-5	2021	However, at lower pH (4.0), the stiffness and viscosity of the OCNF and OCNF:starch gels appeared to increase due to proton-induced fibrillar interactions.	Starch	77-83	phenylalanine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	18-20
23881397-6	2013	Scarcity of starch accumulation made ntrc leaves particularly vulnerable to photoperiods with long nights.	Starch	12-18	NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase C	Arabidopsis thaliana	37-41
23881397-7	2013	Direct interaction of NTRC and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, a key enzyme in starch synthesis, was confirmed by yeast two-hybrid analysis.	Starch	78-84	NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase C	Arabidopsis thaliana	22-26
23881397-10	2013	It is proposed that knockout of NTRC challenges redox regulation of starch synthesis, resulting in stunted growth of the mutant lines acclimated to the SD photoperiod.	Starch	68-74	NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase C	Arabidopsis thaliana	32-36
10814586-0	2000	Hydrolytic action of alpha-amylase on high-amylose starch of low molecular mass.	Starch	51-57	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	21-34
34653779-0	2022	Starch-digesting product analysis based on the hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled mass spectrometry method to evaluate the inhibition of flavonoids on pancreatic alpha-amylase.	Starch	0-6	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	170-194
34973977-2	2022	In this study, CNC modified by silanecouplingagent before graphene oxide (GO) self-assembled on the surface of modified CNC, then CNC-GO as a filler was used to prepare starch-based nanocomposite films (CS/CNC-GO).	Starch	169-175	citrate synthase	Homo sapiens	203-205
34896919-2	2022	In this study twenty-one EGC-based derivatives selective to inhibit human pancreatic alpha-amylase (HPA), the enzyme at the top of the starch digestion pyramid, have been designed and synthesized in terms of the lead myricetin-caffeic acid conjugate 1 reported ever.	Starch	135-141	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	74-98
34896463-2	2022	SEM images showed that a compacter and more homogeneous ODFs were formed due to interactions between starch matrix and CAT/beta-CD.	Starch	101-107	chloramphenicol acetyltransferase	Staphylococcus aureus	119-122
34896463-3	2022	FTIR spectra demonstrated that the interactions between starches or starch and CAT/beta-CD were enhanced by hydrogen bonds.	Starch	56-64	chloramphenicol acetyltransferase	Staphylococcus aureus	79-82
34896463-3	2022	FTIR spectra demonstrated that the interactions between starches or starch and CAT/beta-CD were enhanced by hydrogen bonds.	Starch	68-74	chloramphenicol acetyltransferase	Staphylococcus aureus	79-82
34605046-5	2022	In contrast, the starch excess 1-1 mutant (sex1-1) had even lower freezing tolerance than pgm, but did not affect sub-cellular localization of proline.	Starch	17-23	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	43-47
34944521-2	2021	Clinically, both alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase enzymes inhibitors can suppress peaks of postprandial glucose with surplus adverse effects, leading to efforts devoted to urgently seeking new anti-diabetes drugs from natural sources for delayed starch digestion.	Starch	249-255	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	17-34
34958379-0	2022	A dominant mutation in beta-AMYLASE1 disrupts nighttime control of starch degradation in Arabidopsis leaves.	Starch	67-73	beta-amylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	23-36
34958379-5	2022	Complete loss of BETA-AMYLASE1 (in bam1-1) did not affect rates of starch degradation, while expression of BAM1(S132N) in bam1-1 recapitulated the accelerated starch degradation phenotype of bam1-2D.	Starch	159-165	beta-amylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	107-111
34958379-5	2022	Complete loss of BETA-AMYLASE1 (in bam1-1) did not affect rates of starch degradation, while expression of BAM1(S132N) in bam1-1 recapitulated the accelerated starch degradation phenotype of bam1-2D.	Starch	159-165	beta-amylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	191-195
34958379-6	2022	In vitro analysis of recombinant BAM1 and BAM1(S132N) proteins revealed no differences in kinetic or stability properties, but in leaf extracts BAM1(S132N) apparently had a higher affinity than BAM1 for an established binding partner required for normal rates of starch degradation, LIKE SEX FOUR1 (LSF1).	Starch	263-269	beta-amylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	144-148
34958379-6	2022	In vitro analysis of recombinant BAM1 and BAM1(S132N) proteins revealed no differences in kinetic or stability properties, but in leaf extracts BAM1(S132N) apparently had a higher affinity than BAM1 for an established binding partner required for normal rates of starch degradation, LIKE SEX FOUR1 (LSF1).	Starch	263-269	beta-amylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	194-198
34958379-6	2022	In vitro analysis of recombinant BAM1 and BAM1(S132N) proteins revealed no differences in kinetic or stability properties, but in leaf extracts BAM1(S132N) apparently had a higher affinity than BAM1 for an established binding partner required for normal rates of starch degradation, LIKE SEX FOUR1 (LSF1).	Starch	263-269	like SEX4 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	283-297
34958379-6	2022	In vitro analysis of recombinant BAM1 and BAM1(S132N) proteins revealed no differences in kinetic or stability properties, but in leaf extracts BAM1(S132N) apparently had a higher affinity than BAM1 for an established binding partner required for normal rates of starch degradation, LIKE SEX FOUR1 (LSF1).	Starch	263-269	like SEX4 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	299-303
34958379-7	2022	Genetic approaches showed that BAM1(S132N) itself is likely responsible for accelerated starch degradation in bam1-2D and that this activity requires LSF1.	Starch	88-94	beta-amylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	31-35
34958379-7	2022	Genetic approaches showed that BAM1(S132N) itself is likely responsible for accelerated starch degradation in bam1-2D and that this activity requires LSF1.	Starch	88-94	beta-amylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	110-114
34958379-9	2022	Our results strengthen the view that control of starch degradation in wild-type plants involves dynamic physical interactions of degradative enzymes and related proteins with a central role for complexes containing LSF1.	Starch	48-54	like SEX4 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	215-219
34742838-1	2021	Reconstituted gluten fractions (RGF) varying in glutenin/gliadin (glu/gli) ratios was applied to change the property of wheat starch.	Starch	126-132	GLI family zinc finger 1	Homo sapiens	70-73
34742838-2	2021	The addition of RGF, irrespective of glu/gli ratio, significantly decreased the gelatinization enthalpy, viscosity, storage modulus (G"), and gel strength of starch.	Starch	158-164	GLI family zinc finger 1	Homo sapiens	41-44
34742838-3	2021	Starch particle size and leached amylose decreased by 4.5% and 22.2%, respectively, as the ratio of glu/gli changed from 1:0 to 0:1, indicating that the increase in gliadin ratio could inhibit swelling and rupturing of starch granules to a larger extent.	Starch	0-6	GLI family zinc finger 1	Homo sapiens	104-107
34742838-3	2021	Starch particle size and leached amylose decreased by 4.5% and 22.2%, respectively, as the ratio of glu/gli changed from 1:0 to 0:1, indicating that the increase in gliadin ratio could inhibit swelling and rupturing of starch granules to a larger extent.	Starch	219-225	GLI family zinc finger 1	Homo sapiens	104-107
34560931-1	2021	A kind of starch-based flocculant (starch-graft-poly((2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride), denoted St-g-PDMC-LPUV) has been synthesized by low-pressure ultraviolet initiation and was employed to remove humic acid (HA) for water purification.	Starch	10-16	chromosome 6 open reading frame 15	Homo sapiens	116-120
34560931-2	2021	The physicochemical characteristics of starch and St-g-PDMC-LPUV were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, XRD, TGA, SEM and BET to confirmed the successful grafting DMC onto starch.	Starch	39-45	delta/notch like EGF repeat containing	Homo sapiens	120-123
34560931-2	2021	The physicochemical characteristics of starch and St-g-PDMC-LPUV were characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, XRD, TGA, SEM and BET to confirmed the successful grafting DMC onto starch.	Starch	170-176	chromosome 6 open reading frame 15	Homo sapiens	50-54
34560999-2	2021	Here, we show how digestible starch and flavonoids can be used as a dietary approach to manage food intake and weight gain through elevation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion for gut-brain axis communication.	Starch	29-35	glucagon	Mus musculus	144-167
34560999-2	2021	Here, we show how digestible starch and flavonoids can be used as a dietary approach to manage food intake and weight gain through elevation of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion for gut-brain axis communication.	Starch	29-35	glucagon	Mus musculus	169-174
34619272-0	2021	Biological applications of nanocomposite hydrogels prepared by gamma-radiation copolymerization of acrylic acid (AAc) onto plasticized starch (PLST)/montmorillonite clay (MMT)/chitosan (CS) blends.	Starch	135-141	glycine-N-acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	113-116
34619272-1	2021	In this work, nanocomposite hydrogels were prepared by gamma-radiation copolymerization of acrylic acid (AAc) onto plasticized starch (PLST)/montmorillonite clay (MMT)/chitosan (CS) blends.	Starch	127-133	glycine-N-acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	105-108
34784711-2	2021	The amount of resistant starch (RS) was significantly lowered in the water-soluble polysaccharide (WSP), water-soluble polysaccharide-pectinase (WSP-P), and water-insoluble polysaccharide-alkali soluble (WISP-Alk-Soluble; p < 0.05).	Starch	24-30	sorting nexin 9	Homo sapiens	204-208
34784711-2	2021	The amount of resistant starch (RS) was significantly lowered in the water-soluble polysaccharide (WSP), water-soluble polysaccharide-pectinase (WSP-P), and water-insoluble polysaccharide-alkali soluble (WISP-Alk-Soluble; p < 0.05).	Starch	24-30	ALK receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	209-212
34850567-3	2021	We find that Opaque2, a core transcription factor for zein protein and starch accumulation, transactivates the expression of ZmGRAS11.	Starch	71-77	regulatory protein opaque-2	Zea mays	13-20
34560931-1	2021	A kind of starch-based flocculant (starch-graft-poly((2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride), denoted St-g-PDMC-LPUV) has been synthesized by low-pressure ultraviolet initiation and was employed to remove humic acid (HA) for water purification.	Starch	35-41	chromosome 6 open reading frame 15	Homo sapiens	116-120
34555400-7	2021	The viability and proliferation of MG-63 cells and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were remarkably increased in the PHB-starch scaffolds compared to the PHB and control samples.	Starch	124-130	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	51-71
34555400-7	2021	The viability and proliferation of MG-63 cells and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were remarkably increased in the PHB-starch scaffolds compared to the PHB and control samples.	Starch	124-130	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	73-76
34734615-1	2021	In this study, the mechanisms of the delay of starch digestion by luteolin were revealed by studying the luteolin-PPA (porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase) interaction and luteolin-starch interaction.	Starch	46-52	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	127-151
34944138-0	2021	Age and Body Condition Influence the Post-Prandial Interleukin-1beta Response to a High-Starch Meal in Horses.	Starch	88-94	interleukin-1 beta	Equus caballus	51-68
34784410-4	2021	Type 3 Resistant Starch from Canna edulis (Ce-RS3) is a dietary fiber that exerts potential effects on the intestinal microbial community; however, the metabolic landscape and anti-obesity mechanism remain unclear.	Starch	17-23	ribosomal protein S3	Mus musculus	46-49
34794440-7	2021	We also uncover strong signals of selection at multiple genes involved in starch digestion, including Mgam and Amy1.	Starch	74-80	maltase-glucoamylase	Mus musculus	102-106
34850209-6	2022	Under mild 1O2 stress, most fc2 chloroplasts appeared normal, but had reduced starch content.	Starch	78-84	ferrochelatase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	28-31
34794440-7	2021	We also uncover strong signals of selection at multiple genes involved in starch digestion, including Mgam and Amy1.	Starch	74-80	amylase 1, salivary	Mus musculus	111-115
34789141-6	2021	However, interaction effects between AMY1 CNV and habitual starch intake on fasting glucose (P = 0.03) and BMI (P = 0.05) were observed, suggesting inverse associations between AMY1 CNV and fasting glucose and BMI at high starch intake levels and positive association at low starch intake levels.	Starch	59-65	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	177-181
34789141-1	2021	BACKGROUND: Copy number (CN) variation (CNV) of the salivary amylase gene (AMY1) influences the ability to digest starch and may influence glucose homeostasis, obesity and gut microbiota composition.	Starch	114-120	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	75-79
34789141-6	2021	However, interaction effects between AMY1 CNV and habitual starch intake on fasting glucose (P = 0.03) and BMI (P = 0.05) were observed, suggesting inverse associations between AMY1 CNV and fasting glucose and BMI at high starch intake levels and positive association at low starch intake levels.	Starch	222-228	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	37-41
34789141-6	2021	However, interaction effects between AMY1 CNV and habitual starch intake on fasting glucose (P = 0.03) and BMI (P = 0.05) were observed, suggesting inverse associations between AMY1 CNV and fasting glucose and BMI at high starch intake levels and positive association at low starch intake levels.	Starch	222-228	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	177-181
34789141-8	2021	In the meal study, increased postprandial glucose (P = 0.02) and insulin (P = 0.05) were observed in those with high AMY1 CN after consuming 40 g starch.	Starch	146-152	insulin	Homo sapiens	65-72
34789141-8	2021	In the meal study, increased postprandial glucose (P = 0.02) and insulin (P = 0.05) were observed in those with high AMY1 CN after consuming 40 g starch.	Starch	146-152	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	117-121
34789141-10	2021	CONCLUSIONS: Starch intake modified the observed association between AMY1 CNV and fasting glucose and BMI.	Starch	13-19	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	69-73
34789141-11	2021	Furthermore, depending on the starch dose, a higher postprandial glucose and insulin response was observed in individuals with high AMY1 CN than in those with low AMY1 CN.	Starch	30-36	insulin	Homo sapiens	77-84
34789141-11	2021	Furthermore, depending on the starch dose, a higher postprandial glucose and insulin response was observed in individuals with high AMY1 CN than in those with low AMY1 CN.	Starch	30-36	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	132-136
34789141-11	2021	Furthermore, depending on the starch dose, a higher postprandial glucose and insulin response was observed in individuals with high AMY1 CN than in those with low AMY1 CN.	Starch	30-36	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	163-167
34420733-3	2021	Compared with pure water, existed hydrated free ions in w:IL-9:1 and w:IL-7:3 restrict starch-water interactions to disaggregate of starch, thus hampering gelatinization of starch.	Starch	87-93	interleukin 9	Homo sapiens	58-62
34420733-3	2021	Compared with pure water, existed hydrated free ions in w:IL-9:1 and w:IL-7:3 restrict starch-water interactions to disaggregate of starch, thus hampering gelatinization of starch.	Starch	87-93	interleukin 7	Homo sapiens	71-75
34420733-3	2021	Compared with pure water, existed hydrated free ions in w:IL-9:1 and w:IL-7:3 restrict starch-water interactions to disaggregate of starch, thus hampering gelatinization of starch.	Starch	132-138	interleukin 9	Homo sapiens	58-62
34420733-3	2021	Compared with pure water, existed hydrated free ions in w:IL-9:1 and w:IL-7:3 restrict starch-water interactions to disaggregate of starch, thus hampering gelatinization of starch.	Starch	132-138	interleukin 7	Homo sapiens	71-75
34420733-3	2021	Compared with pure water, existed hydrated free ions in w:IL-9:1 and w:IL-7:3 restrict starch-water interactions to disaggregate of starch, thus hampering gelatinization of starch.	Starch	173-179	interleukin 9	Homo sapiens	58-62
34420733-3	2021	Compared with pure water, existed hydrated free ions in w:IL-9:1 and w:IL-7:3 restrict starch-water interactions to disaggregate of starch, thus hampering gelatinization of starch.	Starch	173-179	interleukin 7	Homo sapiens	71-75
34420733-4	2021	While the gelatinization temperatures decreased at w:IL-5:5 and w:IL-4:6 mixtures with a result of homogeneous starch solutions.	Starch	111-117	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	66-70
34420733-5	2021	The tight and water-separated ion pairs existed at w:IL-5:5 and w:IL-4:6 mixtures allow adequate ions to interact with starch to facilitate the disaggregation of starch.	Starch	119-125	interleukin 5	Homo sapiens	53-57
34420733-5	2021	The tight and water-separated ion pairs existed at w:IL-5:5 and w:IL-4:6 mixtures allow adequate ions to interact with starch to facilitate the disaggregation of starch.	Starch	119-125	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	66-70
34420733-5	2021	The tight and water-separated ion pairs existed at w:IL-5:5 and w:IL-4:6 mixtures allow adequate ions to interact with starch to facilitate the disaggregation of starch.	Starch	162-168	interleukin 5	Homo sapiens	53-57
34420733-5	2021	The tight and water-separated ion pairs existed at w:IL-5:5 and w:IL-4:6 mixtures allow adequate ions to interact with starch to facilitate the disaggregation of starch.	Starch	162-168	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	66-70
34420733-6	2021	At w:IL-2:8 and w:IL-0:10 mixtures, an exothermic dissolution of starch was observed at high temperatures as a result of predominant starch-ion interactions.	Starch	65-71	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	5-9
34791491-7	2022	EBF1 physically interacted with ABI5-like and enhanced the transcriptional activity of the key starch and cell wall degradation-related genes but did not ubiquitinate or degrade ABI5-like protein.	Starch	95-101	EIN3-binding F box protein 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-4
34784962-2	2021	In pigs, starch digestion is initiated by salivary and then pancreatic alpha-amylase, and has as final step the digestion of disaccharides by the brush-border enzymes in the small intestine that produce monosaccharides (glucose) for absorption.	Starch	9-15	amylase, alpha 2A (pancreatic)	Sus scrofa	60-84
34791491-9	2022	The ectopic and transient overexpression of EBF1 and ABI5-like genes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Fenjiao banana accelerated fruit ripening and softening by promoting ethylene production, starch and cell wall degradation, and decreasing fruit firmness.	Starch	196-202	EIN3-binding F-box protein 1	Solanum lycopersicum	44-48
34791491-11	2022	These results collectively highlight that the interaction of EBF1 and ABI5-like controls starch and cell wall metabolism in banana, which is strongly inhibited by chilling stress, leading to fruit softening and ripening disorder.	Starch	89-95	EIN3-binding F box protein 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	61-65
34680272-0	2021	European Multicenter Study on Degradable Starch Microsphere TACE: The Digestible Way to Conquer HCC in Patients with High Tumor Burden.	Starch	41-47	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17	Homo sapiens	60-64
34836015-6	2021	The mRNA expression level of occludin significantly increased with soy isoflavone and resistant starch combined treatment.	Starch	96-102	occludin	Rattus norvegicus	29-37
34835926-9	2021	Greater preferences for starches were observed for HCS (p = 0.04; eta2 = 0.07) and for a greater preference for vegetables was found for NCS (p = 0.02; eta2 = 0.09).	Starch	24-32	holocarboxylase synthetase	Homo sapiens	51-54
34077617-8	2021	Knockout of ZmTPS9 increased kernel starch content and, in turn, kernel weight in maize, suggesting potential applications for ZmTPS9 in maize starch and yield improvement.	Starch	36-42	Sesquithujene synthase A	Zea mays	12-18
34681556-0	2021	In Vivo and In Vitro Starch Digestibility of Fresh Pasta Produced Using Semolina-Based or Wholemeal Semolina-Based Liquid Sourdough.	Starch	21-27	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	51-56
34681556-6	2021	Starch digestibility, both in vivo and in vitro, was higher in wholemeal semolina than semolina pasta and the resulting GR values (mg dL-1 min-1) were also higher (2209 and 2277 for WS and SWS; 1584 and 1553 for S and SS, respectively).	Starch	0-6	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	96-101
34681556-6	2021	Starch digestibility, both in vivo and in vitro, was higher in wholemeal semolina than semolina pasta and the resulting GR values (mg dL-1 min-1) were also higher (2209 and 2277 for WS and SWS; 1584 and 1553 for S and SS, respectively).	Starch	0-6	Galactose-specific C-type lectin	Drosophila melanogaster	134-144
34414452-10	2021	Starch- and sucrose-reduced diets lead to decreased levels of C-peptide, insulin, gastric inhibitory peptide, leptin and weight reduction.	Starch	0-6	insulin	Homo sapiens	73-80
34691353-8	2021	These results validated that Kudzu resistant starch could improve the glucose sensitivity of T2DM mice by modulating IRS-1/PI3K/AKT/Glut4 signaling transduction.	Starch	45-51	insulin receptor substrate 1	Mus musculus	117-122
34691353-8	2021	These results validated that Kudzu resistant starch could improve the glucose sensitivity of T2DM mice by modulating IRS-1/PI3K/AKT/Glut4 signaling transduction.	Starch	45-51	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	128-131
34691353-8	2021	These results validated that Kudzu resistant starch could improve the glucose sensitivity of T2DM mice by modulating IRS-1/PI3K/AKT/Glut4 signaling transduction.	Starch	45-51	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 4	Mus musculus	132-137
34605730-2	2022	We specifically investigated the potential diabetogenic effects of Hammurabi, a T. monococcum wheat cultivar, in non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice and analysed the levels of resistant starch in pasta manufactured with Hammurabi after in vitro gastroduodenal digestion.	Starch	180-186	solute carrier family 45, member 1	Mus musculus	190-195
34605730-6	2022	Furthermore, the resistant starch value following in vitro digestion of Hammurabi pasta was significantly higher (4.08%) than that of durum wheat pasta (2.28%).	Starch	27-33	solute carrier family 45, member 1	Mus musculus	82-87
34605730-6	2022	Furthermore, the resistant starch value following in vitro digestion of Hammurabi pasta was significantly higher (4.08%) than that of durum wheat pasta (2.28%).	Starch	27-33	solute carrier family 45, member 1	Mus musculus	146-151
34364648-8	2021	When dietary starch was less than 24%, milk protein concentration increased with increasing sdLys, but when dietary starch was greater than 26% milk protein concentration decreased with increasing sdLys.	Starch	116-122	casein beta	Bos taurus	144-156
34414452-10	2021	Starch- and sucrose-reduced diets lead to decreased levels of C-peptide, insulin, gastric inhibitory peptide, leptin and weight reduction.	Starch	0-6	leptin	Homo sapiens	110-116
34641402-7	2021	In ss4 and dpe2/phs1/ss4, the morphology of starch granules in young leaves was altered, with a more rounded shape observed.	Starch	44-50	dual specificity protein phosphatase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	16-20
34641402-7	2021	In ss4 and dpe2/phs1/ss4, the morphology of starch granules in young leaves was altered, with a more rounded shape observed.	Starch	44-50	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	21-24
34641402-8	2021	With leaf development, the starch granules became spherical exclusively in dpe2/phs1/ss4.	Starch	27-33	disproportionating enzyme 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	75-79
34641402-8	2021	With leaf development, the starch granules became spherical exclusively in dpe2/phs1/ss4.	Starch	27-33	dual specificity protein phosphatase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	80-84
34641402-8	2021	With leaf development, the starch granules became spherical exclusively in dpe2/phs1/ss4.	Starch	27-33	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	85-88
34782822-2	2021	The amount of amylopectin is determined by the activity of the starch branching enzymes SBE1, SBE2, and SBE3 in potato.	Starch	63-69	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme	Solanum tuberosum	88-92
34630454-0	2021	Interplay Between the N-Terminal Domains of Arabidopsis Starch Synthase 3 Determines the Interaction of the Enzyme With the Starch Granule.	Starch	124-130	starch synthase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	56-73
34630454-2	2021	class 3 of starch synthase (SS3) has a specific feature: a long N-terminal region containing starch binding domains (SBDs).	Starch	93-99	strictosidine synthase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	28-31
34407427-6	2021	We then reveal that photosynthesis combines with circadian-clock-controlled starch production to regulate cellular sucrose levels to control photoperiodic expression of PP2-A13.	Starch	76-82	phloem protein 2-A13	Arabidopsis thaliana	169-176
34540880-9	2021	Furthermore, different combinations of starch and sugar had different effects on volatile fatty acid production rate, gas production rate, and dry matter disappearance rate.	Starch	39-45	gastrin	Homo sapiens	118-121
34119546-1	2021	Inhibiting the activity of the intestinal enzyme alpha-amylase that catalyzes the degradation of starch into glucose can control blood glucose and provide an essential way for the treatment of Type-II diabetes mellitus (T2DM).	Starch	97-103	alpha amylase	Bos taurus	49-62
34759765-3	2021	Experimental approach: Antilisterial and bioactive composite gels showing different physical and active properties from classical gelatine gel were developed by loading lysozyme and green tea extract into gelatine/starch and gelatine/wax composite gels.	Starch	214-220	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	169-177
34502965-1	2021	The aim of this paper is to investigate the interactions between polysaccharides with different electrical charges (anionic and neutral starches) and proteins and fats in food ingredients.	Starch	136-144	chromosome 10 open reading frame 90	Homo sapiens	163-167
34641402-7	2021	In ss4 and dpe2/phs1/ss4, the morphology of starch granules in young leaves was altered, with a more rounded shape observed.	Starch	44-50	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	3-6
34641402-7	2021	In ss4 and dpe2/phs1/ss4, the morphology of starch granules in young leaves was altered, with a more rounded shape observed.	Starch	44-50	disproportionating enzyme 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	11-15
34527658-4	2021	The main function of MGAM is to digest terminal starch products left after the enzymatic action of alpha-amylase; hence, MGAM becomes an efficient drug target for insulin resistance.	Starch	48-54	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	21-25
34527658-4	2021	The main function of MGAM is to digest terminal starch products left after the enzymatic action of alpha-amylase; hence, MGAM becomes an efficient drug target for insulin resistance.	Starch	48-54	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	121-125
34527658-4	2021	The main function of MGAM is to digest terminal starch products left after the enzymatic action of alpha-amylase; hence, MGAM becomes an efficient drug target for insulin resistance.	Starch	48-54	insulin	Homo sapiens	163-170
34456949-3	2021	We are exploring the influence of sugar partitioning between the vacuole and cytoplasm on FA synthesis in Arabidopsis by building on our previous finding that reduced leaf sugar export in the sucrose-proton symporter2 (suc2) mutant, in combination with impaired starch synthesis in the ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (adg1) mutant, accumulates higher sugar levels and increased total FA and TAG compared to the wild type parent.	Starch	262-268	ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	317-321
34319705-0	2021	Cooperative Kinetics of the Glucan Phosphatase Starch Excess4.	Starch	47-53	EPM2A glucan phosphatase, laforin	Homo sapiens	28-46
34319705-2	2021	The plant glucan phosphatase Starch Excess4 (SEX4) binds and dephosphorylates glucans, contributing to processive starch degradation in the chloroplast at night.	Starch	29-35	EPM2A glucan phosphatase, laforin	Homo sapiens	10-28
34319705-2	2021	The plant glucan phosphatase Starch Excess4 (SEX4) binds and dephosphorylates glucans, contributing to processive starch degradation in the chloroplast at night.	Starch	114-120	EPM2A glucan phosphatase, laforin	Homo sapiens	10-28
34445217-7	2021	The elevated expression of Glycogen (starch) synthase, liver (Gys2) is consistent with the hypoglycemic phenotype in KO mice.	Starch	37-43	glycogen synthase 2	Mus musculus	62-66
34381436-7	2021	Hoxa1 mutation decreased the expression of bacterial genes involved in ABC transporters, purine metabolism, and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis and increased the expression of bacterial genes involved in two-component system, starch and sucrose metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism.	Starch	222-228	homeobox A1	Sus scrofa	0-5
34398726-2	2021	A strictly anaerobic, resistant starch-degrading, bile-tolerant, autolytic strain, IPLA60002T, belonging to the family Ruminococcaceae, was isolated from a human bile sample of a liver donor without hepatobiliary disease.	Starch	32-38	pleckstrin homology like domain family A member 2	Homo sapiens	83-86
34361714-1	2021	alpha-glucosidase is a major enzyme that is involved in starch digestion and type 2 diabetes mellitus.	Starch	56-62	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
34287741-2	2022	Isoamylase 1 (ISA1) removes improper alpha-1, 6 glycosidic branches of amylopectin generated by starch branching enzymes and is essential for the formation of proper amylopectin structure.	Starch	96-102	isoamylase 1, chloroplastic	Oryza sativa Japonica Group	0-12
34287741-7	2022	Scanning electron microscopic observation of cross-section of the seeds showed that SS2a gbss1L isa1 and SS2a GBSS1 isa1 produced wild type-like polygonal starch granules.	Starch	155-161	isoamylase 1, chloroplastic	Oryza sativa Japonica Group	116-120
34396053-3	2021	However, there is a potential application for Enogen Feed corn to be used in livestock diets due to the increase in alpha-amylase enzyme potential to increase starch digestibility.	Starch	159-165	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: pancreatic alpha-amylase	Sus scrofa	116-129
34336359-0	2021	Development of Attenuated Total Reflectance Mid-Infrared (ATR-MIR) and Near-Infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy for the Determination of Resistant Starch Content in Wheat Grains.	Starch	139-145	ATR serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	58-61
34287741-2	2022	Isoamylase 1 (ISA1) removes improper alpha-1, 6 glycosidic branches of amylopectin generated by starch branching enzymes and is essential for the formation of proper amylopectin structure.	Starch	96-102	isoamylase 1, chloroplastic	Oryza sativa Japonica Group	14-18
34281204-6	2021	In addition, the MAT1-2 strains showed an enhanced ability to degrade complex polysaccharides, especially starch, pectin, and cellulose.	Starch	106-112	S-adenosylmethionine synthase 1	Solanum tuberosum	17-21
35577192-1	2022	An in-situ compatibilized starch (St) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite spinning solution was designed by preparing starch-graft-polyacrylonitrile (St-g-PAN) through graft copolymerizing acrylonitrile from soluble starch and using ammonium cerium nitrate (CAN) as initiator.	Starch	26-32	chromosome 6 open reading frame 15	Homo sapiens	152-156
34207135-5	2021	The candidate gene identified within the linkage disequilibrium (LD) of this marker was shrunken2 (Zm00001d044129; sh2), which encodes ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), a 60 kDa subunit enzyme that affects starch metabolism in the maize endosperm.	Starch	212-218	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	88-97
34201165-4	2021	Food constituents (pectin, starch, sucrose, and bovine serum albumin) in the food system decreased the activity of PPO but increased the thermostability of PPO, among which pectin exhibited the strongest protective effect against thermal inactivation, and the influence of sucrose was much slighter than that of other macromolecules.	Starch	27-33	protoporphyrinogen oxidase	Homo sapiens	115-118
34201165-4	2021	Food constituents (pectin, starch, sucrose, and bovine serum albumin) in the food system decreased the activity of PPO but increased the thermostability of PPO, among which pectin exhibited the strongest protective effect against thermal inactivation, and the influence of sucrose was much slighter than that of other macromolecules.	Starch	27-33	protoporphyrinogen oxidase	Homo sapiens	156-159
34237695-7	2021	IGF-I concentrations were also positively associated with intake of fibre (per 5 g/day higher intake: 0.46 nmol/L (0.35, 0.57)) and starch from wholegrains (Q5 vs. Q1: 1.08 nmol/L (0.77, 1.39)), and inversely associated with alcohol consumption (>40 g/day vs <1 g/day: -1.36 nmol/L (-1.00, -1.71)).	Starch	132-138	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
34237695-9	2021	The positive association of fibre and starch from wholegrains with IGF-I warrants further investigation.	Starch	38-44	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	67-72
34093803-8	2021	In addition, the expressions of Cyclin B1, Cyclin D1, Bcl-2, PARP1 and Survivin were decreased after starch demethylation.	Starch	101-107	cyclin B1	Homo sapiens	32-41
34093803-8	2021	In addition, the expressions of Cyclin B1, Cyclin D1, Bcl-2, PARP1 and Survivin were decreased after starch demethylation.	Starch	101-107	cyclin D1	Homo sapiens	43-52
34093803-8	2021	In addition, the expressions of Cyclin B1, Cyclin D1, Bcl-2, PARP1 and Survivin were decreased after starch demethylation.	Starch	101-107	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	54-59
34093803-8	2021	In addition, the expressions of Cyclin B1, Cyclin D1, Bcl-2, PARP1 and Survivin were decreased after starch demethylation.	Starch	101-107	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	61-66
34085028-2	2021	alpha-Amylase is an enzyme responsible for breakdown of starch in the small intestine; supplementation of exogenous alpha-amylase to pigs may result in greater starch digestibility and thus improved gain efficiency.	Starch	56-62	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: pancreatic alpha-amylase	Sus scrofa	0-13
34085028-2	2021	alpha-Amylase is an enzyme responsible for breakdown of starch in the small intestine; supplementation of exogenous alpha-amylase to pigs may result in greater starch digestibility and thus improved gain efficiency.	Starch	56-62	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: pancreatic alpha-amylase	Sus scrofa	116-129
34085028-2	2021	alpha-Amylase is an enzyme responsible for breakdown of starch in the small intestine; supplementation of exogenous alpha-amylase to pigs may result in greater starch digestibility and thus improved gain efficiency.	Starch	160-166	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: pancreatic alpha-amylase	Sus scrofa	0-13
34085028-2	2021	alpha-Amylase is an enzyme responsible for breakdown of starch in the small intestine; supplementation of exogenous alpha-amylase to pigs may result in greater starch digestibility and thus improved gain efficiency.	Starch	160-166	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: pancreatic alpha-amylase	Sus scrofa	116-129
34257952-6	2021	The electrochemical response to glucose oxidation was determined by cyclic voltammetry, obtaining a linear response of the electrical current as a function of glucose concentration in the range 100-700 muM, with sensitivities from 85.6 to 238.8 muA mM-1 cm-2, depending on the amount of starch used in the synthesis of the Cu2O NCs.	Starch	287-293	Mix1 homeobox-like 1 (Xenopus laevis)	Mus musculus	249-258
35577192-1	2022	An in-situ compatibilized starch (St) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite spinning solution was designed by preparing starch-graft-polyacrylonitrile (St-g-PAN) through graft copolymerizing acrylonitrile from soluble starch and using ammonium cerium nitrate (CAN) as initiator.	Starch	34-36	chromosome 6 open reading frame 15	Homo sapiens	152-156
35577192-1	2022	An in-situ compatibilized starch (St) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite spinning solution was designed by preparing starch-graft-polyacrylonitrile (St-g-PAN) through graft copolymerizing acrylonitrile from soluble starch and using ammonium cerium nitrate (CAN) as initiator.	Starch	120-126	chromosome 6 open reading frame 15	Homo sapiens	152-156
35577192-1	2022	An in-situ compatibilized starch (St) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) composite spinning solution was designed by preparing starch-graft-polyacrylonitrile (St-g-PAN) through graft copolymerizing acrylonitrile from soluble starch and using ammonium cerium nitrate (CAN) as initiator.	Starch	218-224	chromosome 6 open reading frame 15	Homo sapiens	152-156
35577192-2	2022	As dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as the solvent, St/St-g-PAN/PAN/DMSO spinning solution was prepared and St/St-g-PAN/PAN composite fibers were obtained by dry-wet spinning technique.	Starch	54-56	chromosome 6 open reading frame 15	Homo sapiens	57-61
35577192-2	2022	As dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as the solvent, St/St-g-PAN/PAN/DMSO spinning solution was prepared and St/St-g-PAN/PAN composite fibers were obtained by dry-wet spinning technique.	Starch	54-56	chromosome 6 open reading frame 15	Homo sapiens	113-117
35577192-2	2022	As dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used as the solvent, St/St-g-PAN/PAN/DMSO spinning solution was prepared and St/St-g-PAN/PAN composite fibers were obtained by dry-wet spinning technique.	Starch	110-112	chromosome 6 open reading frame 15	Homo sapiens	113-117
35490765-1	2022	The current work aimed to enhance the oral bioavailability of water-insoluble drug Artemisinin (ART) by the inclusion of ART with hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) and then loaded with porous starch (PS).	Starch	203-209	ACD shelterin complex subunit and telomerase recruitment factor	Homo sapiens	166-173
35238434-7	2022	The starch grafted polymer and nanocomposite of this were fully characterized by SEM, FTIR, TGA, and DSC techniques.	Starch	4-10	T-box transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	92-95
35418527-3	2022	My group have shown that glucokinase plays an important role in high-fat diet-induced and high-starch diet-induced beta-cell expansion.	Starch	95-101	glucokinase	Mus musculus	25-36
35604453-1	2022	4-alpha-glucanotransferase (4GT, EC 2.4.1.25) catalyzes the breakdown of the alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds of the starch main chain and forms new alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds in the side chain, which is often used to optimize the physical and chemical properties of starch and to improve the quality of starch-based food.	Starch	111-117	4-alpha-glucanotransferase	Thermus thermophilus HB8	0-26
35604453-1	2022	4-alpha-glucanotransferase (4GT, EC 2.4.1.25) catalyzes the breakdown of the alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds of the starch main chain and forms new alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds in the side chain, which is often used to optimize the physical and chemical properties of starch and to improve the quality of starch-based food.	Starch	261-267	4-alpha-glucanotransferase	Thermus thermophilus HB8	0-26
35604453-1	2022	4-alpha-glucanotransferase (4GT, EC 2.4.1.25) catalyzes the breakdown of the alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds of the starch main chain and forms new alpha-1,4 glycosidic bonds in the side chain, which is often used to optimize the physical and chemical properties of starch and to improve the quality of starch-based food.	Starch	298-304	4-alpha-glucanotransferase	Thermus thermophilus HB8	0-26
35624841-6	2022	Briefly, fast and strong CA in the evergreen iris might cause early expressions of BAM1, NCED3, GPX6, etc., which leads to strong enzyme activity of starch degradation, abscisic acid biosynthesis and reactive oxygen species scavenging.	Starch	149-155	glutathione peroxidase 6	Homo sapiens	96-100
35631269-2	2022	In this study, the ability to regulate the production of IL-8 of the water-soluble non-starch polysaccharide (WS-NSP) from taro corm (Tc-WS-NSP) extracted using a conventional (CE) or improved conventional (ICE) extraction method, of the probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium breve, and Bifidobacterium infantis, and their synbiotic mixtures were evaluated.	Starch	87-93	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	57-61
35152107-2	2022	Herein, we demonstrated the fabrication of a superhydrophobic and magnetic modular cryogel (SNS@Fe-PSC) containing three starch-based modules, namely, a superhydrophobic nano-coating, a magnetic nanocomposite insertion, and a high-strength starch/polyvinyl alcohol composite substrate.	Starch	240-246	PSC	Homo sapiens	99-102
35567528-0	2022	The Circadian Clock Mutant lhy cca1 elf3 Paces Starch Mobilization to Dawn Despite Severely Disrupted Circadian Clock Function.	Starch	47-53	circadian clock associated 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	31-40
35566955-5	2022	When 6 g/m2 of microcrystalline wax was applied to the surface of starch pretreated paper, the kit rating value of the paper was high, at up to 10/12, the Cobb60 value decreased to 12.5 g/m2, the overall migration of paper was less than 10 mg/dm2, and the water vapor permeability was reduced by 81.9%, which met the requirements of oil and water resistance performance of food packaging paper.	Starch	66-72	immunoglobulin heavy diversity 1-14 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	243-246
35473854-4	2022	In the first step, maltose is produced by catalyzing the hydrolysis of starch using sAA in the reaction chamber.	Starch	71-77	serum amyloid A1 cluster	Homo sapiens	84-87
35491402-5	2022	In addition, overexpression of ZmSSRP1 in rice resulted in a decrease in grain thickness and the 1000-grain weight, as well as affecting the starch content and structure of the rice endosperm.	Starch	141-147	FACT complex subunit SSRP1	Zea mays	31-38
35491402-8	2022	Collectively, these findings suggest that ZmSSRP1 acts as a potential regulator of starch synthesis, providing new insight for molecular breeding of high-yielding high-quality maize.	Starch	83-89	FACT complex subunit SSRP1	Zea mays	42-49
35562912-8	2022	The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction indicated that PHO2 was expressed in all tissues with a uniform pattern of transcripts, and the expression pattern of PHO1 indicates that it probably contributes to the starch biosynthesis during seed development in Zea mays.	Starch	222-228	phosphate 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	171-175
35287906-7	2022	Consequently, the addition of beta-CDs could delay the retrogradation of CS gel, and the introduction of hydroxypropyl groups was more effective, which provided a theoretical basis and new insights for the production of starch-based food industrial products.	Starch	220-226	citrate synthase	Homo sapiens	73-75
35563030-5	2022	Using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, we delivered Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) reagents to potato (variety Yukon Gold) cells to disrupt the granule-bound starch synthase (gbssI) gene with the aim of eliminating the amylose component of starch.	Starch	319-325	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	254-259
35313287-4	2022	Herein, the amphiphilic block copolymer CD44-targeting peptide-conjugated polyethylene glycol - block  hydroxyethyl starch-block-poly (L-lactic acid) (CD44p-conjugated PEG-b-HES-b-PLA) was synthesized and self-assembled to form pH-responsive and Emo-loaded polymeric micelles (Emo@CD44p-PM) to target breast cancer.	Starch	116-122	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	40-44
35565656-0	2022	A Starch- and Sucrose-Reduced Diet in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Leads to Lower Circulating Levels of PAI-1 and Visfatin: A Randomized Controlled Study.	Starch	2-8	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	100-105
35565656-0	2022	A Starch- and Sucrose-Reduced Diet in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Leads to Lower Circulating Levels of PAI-1 and Visfatin: A Randomized Controlled Study.	Starch	2-8	nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	110-118
35112687-5	2022	Subsequent oro-gastric digestions, using the dynamic system DIDGI , showed extensive starch digestion at the gastric stage by salivary alpha-amylase, in line with recently published data.	Starch	85-91	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	126-148
35406926-9	2022	In Arabidopsis, MeNINV1-overexpressing Arabidopsis had higher A/N-INV activity, and the increased glucose, fructose, and starch content in the leaves promoted plant growth and delayed flowering time but did not change its resistance to abiotic stress.	Starch	121-127	alkaline/neutral invertase C, mitochondrial	Manihot esculenta	16-23
35378390-0	2022	Carbon pathways during transitory starch degradation in Arabidopsis differentially affect the starch granule number and morphology in the dpe2/phs1 mutant background.	Starch	34-40	disproportionating enzyme 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	138-142
35378390-0	2022	Carbon pathways during transitory starch degradation in Arabidopsis differentially affect the starch granule number and morphology in the dpe2/phs1 mutant background.	Starch	34-40	dual specificity protein phosphatase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	143-147
35378390-0	2022	Carbon pathways during transitory starch degradation in Arabidopsis differentially affect the starch granule number and morphology in the dpe2/phs1 mutant background.	Starch	94-100	disproportionating enzyme 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	138-142
35378390-0	2022	Carbon pathways during transitory starch degradation in Arabidopsis differentially affect the starch granule number and morphology in the dpe2/phs1 mutant background.	Starch	94-100	dual specificity protein phosphatase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	143-147
35378390-1	2022	The Arabidopsis knockout mutant lacking both the cytosolic disproportionating enzyme 2 (DPE2) and the plastidial phosphorylase (PHS1) had a dwarf-growth phenotype, a reduced and uneven distribution of starch within the plant rosettes, and a lower starch granule number per chloroplast under standard growth conditions.	Starch	201-207	disproportionating enzyme 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	59-86
35378390-1	2022	The Arabidopsis knockout mutant lacking both the cytosolic disproportionating enzyme 2 (DPE2) and the plastidial phosphorylase (PHS1) had a dwarf-growth phenotype, a reduced and uneven distribution of starch within the plant rosettes, and a lower starch granule number per chloroplast under standard growth conditions.	Starch	201-207	disproportionating enzyme 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	88-92
35378390-1	2022	The Arabidopsis knockout mutant lacking both the cytosolic disproportionating enzyme 2 (DPE2) and the plastidial phosphorylase (PHS1) had a dwarf-growth phenotype, a reduced and uneven distribution of starch within the plant rosettes, and a lower starch granule number per chloroplast under standard growth conditions.	Starch	201-207	dual specificity protein phosphatase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	128-132
35378390-1	2022	The Arabidopsis knockout mutant lacking both the cytosolic disproportionating enzyme 2 (DPE2) and the plastidial phosphorylase (PHS1) had a dwarf-growth phenotype, a reduced and uneven distribution of starch within the plant rosettes, and a lower starch granule number per chloroplast under standard growth conditions.	Starch	247-253	disproportionating enzyme 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	59-86
35378390-1	2022	The Arabidopsis knockout mutant lacking both the cytosolic disproportionating enzyme 2 (DPE2) and the plastidial phosphorylase (PHS1) had a dwarf-growth phenotype, a reduced and uneven distribution of starch within the plant rosettes, and a lower starch granule number per chloroplast under standard growth conditions.	Starch	247-253	disproportionating enzyme 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	88-92
35378390-1	2022	The Arabidopsis knockout mutant lacking both the cytosolic disproportionating enzyme 2 (DPE2) and the plastidial phosphorylase (PHS1) had a dwarf-growth phenotype, a reduced and uneven distribution of starch within the plant rosettes, and a lower starch granule number per chloroplast under standard growth conditions.	Starch	247-253	dual specificity protein phosphatase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	128-132
35378390-4	2022	We concluded that ongoing starch degradation is mainly responsible for the observed phenotype of dpe2/phs1.	Starch	26-32	disproportionating enzyme 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	97-101
35378390-4	2022	We concluded that ongoing starch degradation is mainly responsible for the observed phenotype of dpe2/phs1.	Starch	26-32	dual specificity protein phosphatase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	102-106
35378390-6	2022	Analysis of the starch metabolism revealed that even minor ongoing starch degradation observed in dpe2/phs1/pwd maintained the double mutant phenotype.	Starch	16-22	disproportionating enzyme 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	98-102
35378390-6	2022	Analysis of the starch metabolism revealed that even minor ongoing starch degradation observed in dpe2/phs1/pwd maintained the double mutant phenotype.	Starch	16-22	dual specificity protein phosphatase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	103-107
35378390-6	2022	Analysis of the starch metabolism revealed that even minor ongoing starch degradation observed in dpe2/phs1/pwd maintained the double mutant phenotype.	Starch	67-73	disproportionating enzyme 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	98-102
35378390-6	2022	Analysis of the starch metabolism revealed that even minor ongoing starch degradation observed in dpe2/phs1/pwd maintained the double mutant phenotype.	Starch	67-73	dual specificity protein phosphatase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	103-107
35378390-7	2022	In contrast, an additional blockage in the glucose pathway of starch breakdown, as in dpe2/phs1/dpe1, resulted in a nearly starch-free phenotype and massive chloroplast degradation.	Starch	62-68	disproportionating enzyme 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	86-90
35378390-7	2022	In contrast, an additional blockage in the glucose pathway of starch breakdown, as in dpe2/phs1/dpe1, resulted in a nearly starch-free phenotype and massive chloroplast degradation.	Starch	62-68	dual specificity protein phosphatase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	91-95
35378390-7	2022	In contrast, an additional blockage in the glucose pathway of starch breakdown, as in dpe2/phs1/dpe1, resulted in a nearly starch-free phenotype and massive chloroplast degradation.	Starch	62-68	disproportionating enzyme	Arabidopsis thaliana	96-100
35378390-7	2022	In contrast, an additional blockage in the glucose pathway of starch breakdown, as in dpe2/phs1/dpe1, resulted in a nearly starch-free phenotype and massive chloroplast degradation.	Starch	123-129	disproportionating enzyme 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	86-90
35378390-7	2022	In contrast, an additional blockage in the glucose pathway of starch breakdown, as in dpe2/phs1/dpe1, resulted in a nearly starch-free phenotype and massive chloroplast degradation.	Starch	123-129	dual specificity protein phosphatase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	91-95
35378390-7	2022	In contrast, an additional blockage in the glucose pathway of starch breakdown, as in dpe2/phs1/dpe1, resulted in a nearly starch-free phenotype and massive chloroplast degradation.	Starch	123-129	disproportionating enzyme	Arabidopsis thaliana	96-100
35080964-1	2022	Inherent characteristics of native starches such as water insolubility, retrogradation and syneresis, and instability in harsh processing conditions (e.g., high temperature and shearing, low pH) limit their industrial applications.	Starch	35-43	phenylalanine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	191-193
35392294-1	2022	Several studies indicate that the four major types of resistant starch (RS1-4) are fermented in the cecum and colon to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and can alter the microbiome and host physiology.	Starch	64-70	retinoschisis (X-linked, juvenile) 1 (human)	Mus musculus	72-77
35335708-2	2022	To overcome this obstacle, we developed a novel, completely solvent-free process to prepare mechanically robust CNF-reinforced silica nanocomposites via the incorporation of methylcellulose and starch.	Starch	194-200	NPHS1 adhesion molecule, nephrin	Homo sapiens	112-115
35234088-3	2022	Purified enzyme showed the molecular mass of 55,787 Da with optimum activity at 70  C and a broad range of pH (5.0-9.0) with kcat of 2150 min-1 and Km of 6.55 mg.mL-1, when using starch as substrate.	Starch	179-185	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	162-166
35151448-0	2022	Starch accumulation in bean fruit pericarp is mediated by the differentiation of chloroplasts into amyloplasts.	Starch	0-6	brain expressed associated with NEDD4 1	Homo sapiens	23-27
35151448-1	2022	The sucrose supply to bean fruits remains almost constant during seed development, and the early stages of this process are characterized by a significant amount of starch and soluble sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose) accumulated in the pericarp.	Starch	165-171	brain expressed associated with NEDD4 1	Homo sapiens	22-26
35151448-2	2022	Bean fruits are photosynthetically active; however, our results indicated that starch synthesis in the pericarp was largely dependent on the photosynthetic activity of the leaves.	Starch	79-85	brain expressed associated with NEDD4 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
35151448-7	2022	Together, this work indicated that starch accumulation in the pericarp of bean fruits is important to adjust the needs of developing seeds to the amount of sucrose that is provided to fruits.	Starch	35-41	brain expressed associated with NEDD4 1	Homo sapiens	74-78
35363312-12	2022	Furthermore, maternal high starch-to-fat ratio increased the transcript abundances of FAS (P = 0.004) in newborn piglets.	Starch	27-33	fatty acid synthase	Homo sapiens	86-89
35174545-6	2022	Interestingly, melatonin-alleviated symptoms of leaf senescence and starch degradation were compromised when the first key gene for starch degradation, alpha-glucan water dikinase (GWD), was overexpressed.	Starch	68-74	glucan water dikinase	Solanum lycopersicum	181-184
35174545-8	2022	Crucially, GWD gene was identified as a target of miR171b, and the overexpression of miR171b ameliorated the carbon starvation-induced degradation of chlorophyll and starch, and inhibited the expression of GWD gene.	Starch	166-172	glucan water dikinase	Solanum lycopersicum	11-14
35174545-8	2022	Crucially, GWD gene was identified as a target of miR171b, and the overexpression of miR171b ameliorated the carbon starvation-induced degradation of chlorophyll and starch, and inhibited the expression of GWD gene.	Starch	166-172	MIR171b	Solanum lycopersicum	50-57
35174545-8	2022	Crucially, GWD gene was identified as a target of miR171b, and the overexpression of miR171b ameliorated the carbon starvation-induced degradation of chlorophyll and starch, and inhibited the expression of GWD gene.	Starch	166-172	MIR171b	Solanum lycopersicum	85-92
35193747-6	2022	Simultaneously, we have also observed reduced starch biosynthesis and increased resistance against common pests like whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) and aphids (Myzus persicae) in tobacco plants expressing AtQQS or overexpressing NtNF-YC4.	Starch	46-52	qua-quine starch	Arabidopsis thaliana	202-207
35335417-3	2022	HMT pretreatment with the right moisture content resulted in OSA starch with the maximum DS value and reaction efficiency.	Starch	65-71	histamine N-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	0-3
35335417-6	2022	Based on FTIR, there were two new peaks at 1729 and 1568 cm-1 of the HMT-OSA starch, which proved that the hydroxyl group of the HMT starch molecule had been substituted with the carbonyl and carboxyl ester groups of OSA.	Starch	77-83	histamine N-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	69-72
35335417-6	2022	Based on FTIR, there were two new peaks at 1729 and 1568 cm-1 of the HMT-OSA starch, which proved that the hydroxyl group of the HMT starch molecule had been substituted with the carbonyl and carboxyl ester groups of OSA.	Starch	77-83	histamine N-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	129-132
35335417-6	2022	Based on FTIR, there were two new peaks at 1729 and 1568 cm-1 of the HMT-OSA starch, which proved that the hydroxyl group of the HMT starch molecule had been substituted with the carbonyl and carboxyl ester groups of OSA.	Starch	133-139	histamine N-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	69-72
35335417-6	2022	Based on FTIR, there were two new peaks at 1729 and 1568 cm-1 of the HMT-OSA starch, which proved that the hydroxyl group of the HMT starch molecule had been substituted with the carbonyl and carboxyl ester groups of OSA.	Starch	133-139	histamine N-methyltransferase	Homo sapiens	129-132
35243511-0	2022	Guarding the gates: TOR mediates guard cell starch degradation to control stomatal opening.	Starch	44-50	RAR related orphan receptor C	Homo sapiens	20-23
35166359-6	2022	Under mild 1O2 stress, most fc2 chloroplasts appeared normal, but had reduced starch content.	Starch	78-84	ferrochelatase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	28-31
35129339-1	2022	Limosilactobacillus reuteri 121 4,6-alpha-glucanotransferase (Lr121 4,6-alpha-GTase), belonging to the glycosyl hydrolase (GH) 70 GtfB subfamily, converts starch and maltodextrins into linear isomalto/malto polysaccharides (IMMPs) with consecutive (alpha1   6) linkages.	Starch	155-161	gamma-glutamyl hydrolase	Homo sapiens	103-121
35129339-1	2022	Limosilactobacillus reuteri 121 4,6-alpha-glucanotransferase (Lr121 4,6-alpha-GTase), belonging to the glycosyl hydrolase (GH) 70 GtfB subfamily, converts starch and maltodextrins into linear isomalto/malto polysaccharides (IMMPs) with consecutive (alpha1   6) linkages.	Starch	155-161	gamma-glutamyl hydrolase	Homo sapiens	123-125
35129339-1	2022	Limosilactobacillus reuteri 121 4,6-alpha-glucanotransferase (Lr121 4,6-alpha-GTase), belonging to the glycosyl hydrolase (GH) 70 GtfB subfamily, converts starch and maltodextrins into linear isomalto/malto polysaccharides (IMMPs) with consecutive (alpha1   6) linkages.	Starch	155-161	immunoglobulin kappa variable 3-31 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	249-259
35211133-1	2021	In maize, starch mutants have facilitated characterization of key genes involved in endosperm starch biosynthesis such as large subunit of AGPase Shrunken2 (Sh2) and isoamylase type DBE Sugary1 (Su1).	Starch	10-16	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	146-155
35211133-1	2021	In maize, starch mutants have facilitated characterization of key genes involved in endosperm starch biosynthesis such as large subunit of AGPase Shrunken2 (Sh2) and isoamylase type DBE Sugary1 (Su1).	Starch	10-16	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	157-160
35211133-1	2021	In maize, starch mutants have facilitated characterization of key genes involved in endosperm starch biosynthesis such as large subunit of AGPase Shrunken2 (Sh2) and isoamylase type DBE Sugary1 (Su1).	Starch	10-16	isoamylase 1, chloroplastic	Zea mays	195-198
35211133-1	2021	In maize, starch mutants have facilitated characterization of key genes involved in endosperm starch biosynthesis such as large subunit of AGPase Shrunken2 (Sh2) and isoamylase type DBE Sugary1 (Su1).	Starch	94-100	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	146-155
35211133-1	2021	In maize, starch mutants have facilitated characterization of key genes involved in endosperm starch biosynthesis such as large subunit of AGPase Shrunken2 (Sh2) and isoamylase type DBE Sugary1 (Su1).	Starch	94-100	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	157-160
35211133-1	2021	In maize, starch mutants have facilitated characterization of key genes involved in endosperm starch biosynthesis such as large subunit of AGPase Shrunken2 (Sh2) and isoamylase type DBE Sugary1 (Su1).	Starch	94-100	isoamylase 1, chloroplastic	Zea mays	195-198
35211133-3	2021	As a model, we utilize commercially important sweet corn mutations, sh2 and su1, to genetically perturb starch production in the endosperm.	Starch	104-110	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	68-71
35211133-3	2021	As a model, we utilize commercially important sweet corn mutations, sh2 and su1, to genetically perturb starch production in the endosperm.	Starch	104-110	isoamylase 1, chloroplastic	Zea mays	76-79
2667315-0	1989	Insulin and glycemic responses in healthy humans to native starches processed in different ways: correlation with in vitro alpha-amylase hydrolysis.	Starch	59-67	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
35150103-3	2022	The specific surface area of starch was increased by using hydrochloric acid to hydrolyze potato starch, which made it easier to combine with alpha-amylase and increased the degradation rate.	Starch	29-35	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	142-155
35207090-3	2022	In this work, two kinds of silane coupling agents (KH560 and KH570) were introduced to graft the CNF/HNT (cellulose nanofiber) nanoparticles used to reinforce the starch-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite membranes.	Starch	163-169	NPHS1 adhesion molecule, nephrin	Homo sapiens	97-100
35207090-5	2022	The results showed that the CNF/HNTs nanoparticle system modified by two silane coupling agents enhanced the tensile strength (TS) of the starch-PVA composite membranes by increments of 60.11% and 68.35%, and, in addition, the water resistance of starch-PVA composite membrane improved.	Starch	138-144	NPHS1 adhesion molecule, nephrin	Homo sapiens	28-31
35207090-5	2022	The results showed that the CNF/HNTs nanoparticle system modified by two silane coupling agents enhanced the tensile strength (TS) of the starch-PVA composite membranes by increments of 60.11% and 68.35%, and, in addition, the water resistance of starch-PVA composite membrane improved.	Starch	247-253	NPHS1 adhesion molecule, nephrin	Homo sapiens	28-31
35207090-8	2022	CNF and HNTs were combined under the action of the silane coupling agent, and then mixed into the starch-PVA membranes matrix to prepare high-performance degradable biological composite membranes.	Starch	98-104	NPHS1 adhesion molecule, nephrin	Homo sapiens	0-3
2507661-6	1989	In addition, we established that a combination of 10(2) U/ml IFN-gamma and 1 microgram/ml MTP-PE, encapsulated in liposomes, activates splenic and starch-elicited peritoneal macrophages in vitro synergistically to kill Leishmania donovani promastigotes.	Starch	147-153	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	61-70
24225685-3	1989	The accumulation of SS1 protein always coincided with starch deposition in the Sh endosperm cells, whereas in the sh endosperm, the centrally located cells were lost at or during the most critical phase of starch biosynthesis.	Starch	54-60	starch synthase I, chloroplastic	Zea mays	20-23
24225685-3	1989	The accumulation of SS1 protein always coincided with starch deposition in the Sh endosperm cells, whereas in the sh endosperm, the centrally located cells were lost at or during the most critical phase of starch biosynthesis.	Starch	206-212	starch synthase I, chloroplastic	Zea mays	20-23
2673983-1	1989	Human peptidase C, PEPC (E.C.3.4.1.1), exhibits a previously undescribed genetic polymorphism, detectable in red cells or leukocytes by starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	136-142	peptidase C	Homo sapiens	6-17
2673983-1	1989	Human peptidase C, PEPC (E.C.3.4.1.1), exhibits a previously undescribed genetic polymorphism, detectable in red cells or leukocytes by starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	136-142	peptidase C	Homo sapiens	19-23
2623081-7	1989	Since secretion of pancreatic amylase, the enzyme that initiates starch digestion, is decreased in obese rats, this result suggests that alterations of digestive and/or absorptive processes may underlie the obese rat"s impaired satiety response to complex carbohydrate.	Starch	65-71	amylase 2a3	Rattus norvegicus	19-37
16666999-1	1989	The subcellular localization of ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase, a key regulatory enzyme in starch biosynthesis, was determined in developing potato tuber cells by immunocytochemical localization techniques at the light microscopy level.	Starch	89-95	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	32-60
34662400-6	2022	BAM4 is a regulator of starch degradation, and bam4 mutants display a starch-excess phenotype.	Starch	23-29	beta-amylase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-4
34662400-6	2022	BAM4 is a regulator of starch degradation, and bam4 mutants display a starch-excess phenotype.	Starch	23-29	beta-amylase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	47-51
34662400-6	2022	BAM4 is a regulator of starch degradation, and bam4 mutants display a starch-excess phenotype.	Starch	70-76	beta-amylase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-4
34662400-6	2022	BAM4 is a regulator of starch degradation, and bam4 mutants display a starch-excess phenotype.	Starch	70-76	beta-amylase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	47-51
34662400-7	2022	Although bam9 single mutants resemble the wild type, genetic experiments reveal that the loss of BAM9 markedly enhances the starch-excess phenotypes of mutants already impaired in starch degradation.	Starch	124-130	beta-amylase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	97-101
34662400-7	2022	Although bam9 single mutants resemble the wild type, genetic experiments reveal that the loss of BAM9 markedly enhances the starch-excess phenotypes of mutants already impaired in starch degradation.	Starch	180-186	beta-amylase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	9-13
34662400-7	2022	Although bam9 single mutants resemble the wild type, genetic experiments reveal that the loss of BAM9 markedly enhances the starch-excess phenotypes of mutants already impaired in starch degradation.	Starch	180-186	beta-amylase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	97-101
34662400-8	2022	Thus, BAM9 also regulates starch breakdown, but in a different way.	Starch	26-32	beta-amylase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	6-10
34662400-11	2022	We propose that BAM9 activates starch degradation, helping to manage carbohydrate availability in response to fluctuations in environmental conditions.	Starch	31-37	beta-amylase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	16-20
35040740-2	2022	In the gastrointestinal tract, starches are hydrolyzed into glucose by alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase, which leads to a postprandial glucose elevation.	Starch	31-39	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	89-106
2636276-1	1989	In a Japanese family, we discovered by starch-gel electrophoresis a fast variant of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD) in red blood cells.	Starch	39-45	phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	84-116
2636276-1	1989	In a Japanese family, we discovered by starch-gel electrophoresis a fast variant of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (PGD) in red blood cells.	Starch	39-45	phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	118-121
2574561-3	1989	Two variant alleles were identified in erythrocyte AHCY using starch gel electrophoresis in a sample of 166 unrelated individuals from the British population.	Starch	62-68	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	51-55
2500148-1	1989	Any one of three homologous genes - STA1, STA2 and STA3 - encoding glucoamylase isozymes I, II and III respectively, allows the Saccharomyces species to utilize starch as a sole carbon source.	Starch	161-167	Wsc2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	51-55
2574561-1	1989	Erythrocyte and tissue isozymes of human AHCY have been studied by starch gel electrophoresis, cellulose acetate electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and Na dodecyl sulphate electrophoresis.	Starch	67-73	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	41-45
2775173-2	1989	Using starch gel electrophoresis, different phenotypes of GST1 have been determined, GST1 0, GST1 1, and GST1 2.	Starch	6-12	glutathione S-transferase mu 1	Homo sapiens	58-62
2668925-3	1989	Repeated investigation of the same population in 3 years has shown that a decrease in the caloric content of the daily ration at the expense of fats and carbohydrates, especially starch and refined sugars, causes a decrease in the level of basal insulin, mean values of glycemia during a GTT, and atherogenic fractions of the lipid spectrum.	Starch	179-185	insulin	Homo sapiens	246-253
2487053-1	1989	Glutathione S-transferases (GST; E.C.2.5.1.18) were phenotyped by starch gel electrophoresis in post-mortem liver samples from 683 unrelated subjects of both sexes.	Starch	66-72	glutathione S-transferase kappa 1	Homo sapiens	28-31
3195589-3	1988	We have used a series of mouse-human somatic cell hybrids, in combination with starch gel electrophoresis and a histochemical stain for OAT enzyme activity, to assign the structural gene for OAT to human chromosome 10.	Starch	79-85	ornithine aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	191-194
16666695-2	1989	Fru-2,6-P(2) controls two cytosolic enzymes involved in the interconversion of fructose-6-phosphate and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and pyrophosphate, fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase) and thereby controls the partitioning of photosynthate between sucrose and starch.	Starch	296-302	zinc finger and BTB domain containing 22	Homo sapiens	0-3
2784980-0	1989	Utilization of alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) resistant maize and pea (Pisum sativum) starch in the rat.	Starch	82-88	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	15-28
2784980-2	1989	The extent of utilization of alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1)-resistant retrograded starches in vivo was assessed in male Wistar rats (about 100 g body-weight).	Starch	78-86	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	29-42
2534784-1	1989	Phenotypes of the erythrocyte enzymes phosphoglucomutase (PGM1) were determined by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis in south part of Poland.	Starch	94-100	phosphoglucomutase 1	Homo sapiens	58-62
2467066-4	1989	The starch gel stains blue, and light areas emerge round catalase-positive bacteria; the size of these light sites helps assess the enzyme"s activity.	Starch	4-10	catalase	Homo sapiens	57-65
2781221-2	1989	Different migration patterns of the PLAP-like enzyme were observed with respect to both seminomas and normal testes on starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	119-125	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	36-40
2757274-2	1989	GPI-C could be separated from the previously reported dog GPI variants (A and B), both by starch gel electrophoresis and by isoelectric focusing (pH 3-10).	Starch	90-96	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Canis lupus familiaris	0-3
16666521-9	1989	Bound beta-amylase showed some activity against native starch and it hydrolyzed maltotetraose at a rate that was about 70% of the rate the same amount of bound beta-amylase gave after release.	Starch	55-61	1,4-alpha-D-glucan maltohydrolase	Hordeum vulgare	6-18
16666521-9	1989	Bound beta-amylase showed some activity against native starch and it hydrolyzed maltotetraose at a rate that was about 70% of the rate the same amount of bound beta-amylase gave after release.	Starch	55-61	1,4-alpha-D-glucan maltohydrolase	Hordeum vulgare	160-172
3055929-4	1988	Insulin was higher after High Starch and High Sucrose than after High Protein.	Starch	30-36	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
3221881-1	1988	The effect of histamine on the gene expression, biosynthesis and secretion of C2, factor B and C3 was studied in mouse resident and starch elicited peritoneal macrophages.	Starch	132-138	complement component 2 (within H-2S)	Mus musculus	78-97
16347662-1	1988	A newly isolated bacterium, identified as Bacillus subtilis 65, was found to produce raw-starch-digesting alpha-amylase.	Starch	89-95	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	106-119
3279746-0	1988	Effect of starch structure on glucose and insulin responses in adults.	Starch	10-16	insulin	Homo sapiens	42-49
3214414-1	1988	Isozyme phenotypes of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) from human gastroendoscopic as well as surgical gastric biopsies were determined by starch gel electrophoresis and agarose isoelectric focusing.	Starch	168-174	alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (class I), alpha polypeptide	Homo sapiens	45-48
3364986-1	1988	Various lines of evidence from starch gel electrophoretic experiments demonstrate the existence of a genetically determined rare variant form of the type III isozyme of hexokinase (HK) in the leucocytes of a small percentage of the general human population.	Starch	31-37	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	169-179
2837530-3	1988	With Cu2+ the hormone has been shown to behave similarly to the thyrotropin releasing factor, forming a very stable [CuH-1L] complex involving coordination of three nitrogen donors: the Nim atom of the imidazole side chain and the two amido-N atoms of the pyroglutamylhistidyl unit.	Starch	235-242	thyrotropin releasing hormone	Homo sapiens	64-92
3221192-6	1988	In starch-containing slurries, acetate: butyrate molar ratios were increased when NO3- was added but this effect was not observed when casein replaced starch.	Starch	3-9	NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist	Homo sapiens	82-85
3369438-4	1988	The erythrocyte glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase activity was significantly decreased, and its electrophoretic mobility was indistinguishable from wild type enzyme, though faster on starch gel with tris, borate, and phosphate buffers.	Starch	183-189	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	16-49
3042378-11	1988	An inevitable postprandial consequence of a meal of starch or protein by the resting horse, is an increase in the activity of plasma insulin.	Starch	52-58	INS	Equus caballus	133-140
2835824-3	1988	Integration of the human PGK gene has been demonstrated by Southern blot analysis and its expression by starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	104-110	phosphoglycerate kinase 1	Cricetulus griseus	25-28
3646091-7	1987	The PLAP-like enzyme from seminoma cells comprises a heterogenous population of molecules demonstrating partial heat sensitivity and microheterogeneity upon starch gel electrophoresis in contrast to the pregnancy related PLAP.	Starch	157-163	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	4-8
3154776-2	1988	A new electrophoretic technique for the determination of the glyoxalase I (GLO1) polymorphism on mixed agarose and starch gel is applied to the genetic study of "Provinces Francaises" and some other human populations.	Starch	115-121	glyoxalase I	Homo sapiens	61-73
3154776-2	1988	A new electrophoretic technique for the determination of the glyoxalase I (GLO1) polymorphism on mixed agarose and starch gel is applied to the genetic study of "Provinces Francaises" and some other human populations.	Starch	115-121	glyoxalase I	Homo sapiens	75-79
16665558-1	1987	Cell walls of Zea mays (cv L.G.11) seedlings labeled with (14)C were treated with alpha-amylase from Bacillus subtilis to remove starch and mixed linkage glucans.	Starch	129-135	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	82-95
16347392-4	1987	alpha-Amylase, pullulanase, and alpha-glucosidase were active in a broad temperature range (40 to 85 degrees C) and displayed temperature optima for activity at 60 to 70 degrees C. During incubation with starch under aerobic conditions at 75 degrees C for 2 h, the activity of both enzymes decreased to only 90 or 80%.	Starch	204-210	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	32-49
16347392-5	1987	The apparent K(m) values of alpha-amylase, pullulanase, and alpha-glucosidase for their corresponding substrates, starch, pullulan, and maltose were 0.35 mg/ml, 0.63 mg/ml, and 25 mM, respectively.	Starch	114-120	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	60-77
2885837-5	1987	The extra Pst I-digestion site may lie in a noncoding region of the gene because no correlation was observed between the restriction fragment length polymorphism and the common placental alkaline phosphatase alleles identified by starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	230-236	sulfotransferase family 1A member 1	Homo sapiens	10-13
3606891-4	1987	Starch in relation to sucrose produced cholesterol enrichment of intermediate density lipoproteins and increase in low density lipoprotein particles, whereas sucrose increased high density lipoprotein constituents (phospholipids, cholesterol, and apoA-I) and triglyceride content of very low density lipoproteins.	Starch	0-6	apolipoprotein A-I	Macaca fascicularis	247-253
3619012-6	1987	The column fractions were assayed for ADA activity, and the characteristic isozyme banding patterns for human, mouse, and monkey ADA were confirmed by starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	151-157	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	129-132
3348207-6	1988	According to starch gel electrophoresis, ADA isozyme of the patient was ADA 1.	Starch	13-19	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	41-44
3348207-6	1988	According to starch gel electrophoresis, ADA isozyme of the patient was ADA 1.	Starch	13-19	transcriptional adaptor 1	Homo sapiens	72-77
3052244-4	1988	Human MDH-s and KAR activities co-migrate after starch gel electrophoresis, and electrophoretic variants of human MDH-s exhibited identical variation for KAR.	Starch	48-54	malic enzyme 1	Homo sapiens	6-11
3052244-4	1988	Human MDH-s and KAR activities co-migrate after starch gel electrophoresis, and electrophoretic variants of human MDH-s exhibited identical variation for KAR.	Starch	48-54	KAR	Homo sapiens	16-19
3342862-2	1988	Starch-gel electrophoresis revealed two phenotypes in 19 patients with EF Bart"s.	Starch	0-6	barttin CLCNK type accessory subunit beta	Homo sapiens	74-78
2976730-1	1988	An adverse homozygosity at the phosphoglucomutase-1 (PGM1) locus was detected in a family by electrophoresis on starch gels.	Starch	112-118	phosphoglucomutase 1	Homo sapiens	31-51
2976730-1	1988	An adverse homozygosity at the phosphoglucomutase-1 (PGM1) locus was detected in a family by electrophoresis on starch gels.	Starch	112-118	phosphoglucomutase 1	Homo sapiens	53-57
3265987-5	1988	Pullulan, starch, soyabean meal, and corn steep liquor encouraged alpha-amylase production.	Starch	10-16	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	66-79
2449162-3	1987	Starch gel electrophoresis followed by histochemical staining using either p-hydroxy-phenylpyruvic acid (HPPA) or malate as the substrate shows that KAR activity comigrates with MDH-s in all species studied except some marine species.	Starch	0-6	malic enzyme 1	Gallus gallus	178-183
24301129-2	1987	Sh encodes the gene for sucrose synthetase, a major starch biosynthetic enzyme, which is maximally expressed in the endosperm during seed maturation.	Starch	52-58	sucrose synthase 1	Zea mays	0-2
3106037-9	1987	Unlike alpha-amylase, glucoamylase adsorbed strongly onto raw starch, the adsorption site being non-identical with the active site.	Starch	62-68	PAN0_157c6818	Moesziomyces antarcticus	22-34
3552078-5	1987	G6PD from infected RBCs contained two components separable by starch gel electrophoresis: a major component (approximately 90% activity) with a very slow anodal electrophoretic mobility and a minor component (approximately 10% activity) with the same mobility as the host G6PD.	Starch	62-68	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-4
3570286-1	1987	A total of 168 autopsy liver extracts from Japanese individuals were examined for the glutathione S-transferase (GST) isozymes by means of starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	139-145	glutathione S-transferase kappa 1	Homo sapiens	86-111
3570286-1	1987	A total of 168 autopsy liver extracts from Japanese individuals were examined for the glutathione S-transferase (GST) isozymes by means of starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	139-145	glutathione S-transferase kappa 1	Homo sapiens	113-116
16347204-0	1986	Production and Characteristics of Raw-Starch-Digesting alpha-Amylase from a Protease-Negative Aspergillus ficum Mutant.	Starch	38-44	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	55-68
3548311-3	1987	Fructose consumption following glucose or starch drinks produced significantly higher levels of plasma insulin, but not plasma glucose, as compared to corresponding drinks consumed without fructose.	Starch	42-48	insulin	Homo sapiens	103-110
3812341-5	1987	Digestibility of starch made resistant to alpha-amylase by cooling improved on reheating.	Starch	17-23	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	42-55
2886257-4	1987	High enzyme activity (aldolase) was found in the liver of eels fed 30% wheat meal, bread meal or soluble starch.	Starch	105-111	fructose-bisphosphate aldolase 3, chloroplastic	Triticum aestivum	5-31
3817677-1	1987	The method of choice to determine erythrocyte glutamate-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) including rare variants was starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	111-117	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	46-76
3817677-1	1987	The method of choice to determine erythrocyte glutamate-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) including rare variants was starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	111-117	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	78-81
16347204-3	1986	The electrophoretically homogeneous preparation of raw-starch-adsorbable alpha-amylase (molecular weight, 88,000), acid stable at pH 2, showed intensive raw-starch-digesting activity, dissolving corn starch granules completely.	Starch	55-61	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	73-86
16347204-3	1986	The electrophoretically homogeneous preparation of raw-starch-adsorbable alpha-amylase (molecular weight, 88,000), acid stable at pH 2, showed intensive raw-starch-digesting activity, dissolving corn starch granules completely.	Starch	157-163	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	73-86
16347204-7	1986	The fungal alpha-amylase was therefore divided into two types, a novel type of raw-starch-digesting enzyme and a conventional type of raw-starch-nondigesting enzyme.	Starch	83-89	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	11-24
16347204-7	1986	The fungal alpha-amylase was therefore divided into two types, a novel type of raw-starch-digesting enzyme and a conventional type of raw-starch-nondigesting enzyme.	Starch	138-144	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	11-24
3781559-7	1986	Starch gel electrophoresis of red cell ADA from family members of the index case, in conjunction with red cell ADA activity levels, suggested that both parents carried a gene for partial ADA deficiency.	Starch	0-6	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	39-42
3478396-3	1986	In monkeys fed a starch-based diet, fasting resulted in significant increases in the levels of alpha-L-fucosidase, beta-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminidase, beta-N-acetyl-D-galactosaminidase, and neuraminidase.	Starch	17-23	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	187-200
2950614-1	1986	Using starch gel electrophoresis, a slow variant PGM1 6NGS2-1 (W23-1A) was detected among 749 residents of Yamanashi Prefecture.	Starch	6-12	phosphoglucomutase 1	Homo sapiens	49-53
3481956-1	1986	Human tissues contain an esterase activity called ESB3, detectable by starch gel electrophoresis followed by staining with alpha-naphthyl butyrate.	Starch	70-76	esterase B3	Homo sapiens	50-54
3770744-1	1986	The S-formylglutathione hydrolase (FGH) polymorphism of human red blood cells was studied in unrelated individuals, both by isoelectric focusing and starch gel electrophoresis, and with the substrates S-acetylglutathione and 4-methylumbelliferyl-acetate (the standard substrate for esterase D (ESD].	Starch	149-155	esterase D	Homo sapiens	35-38
16665020-3	1986	The abundant mRNAs encoding alpha/beta- and gamma-type gliadins and mRNA for ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase, a key regulatory enzyme of starch biosynthesis, accumulated coordinately.	Starch	134-140	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase small subunit, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Triticum aestivum	77-105
3527235-7	1986	Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity was significantly higher in sucrose diets than in the starch diet.	Starch	107-113	phosphatidylcholine-sterol acyltransferase	Macaca fascicularis	0-36
3527235-7	1986	Lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) activity was significantly higher in sucrose diets than in the starch diet.	Starch	107-113	phosphatidylcholine-sterol acyltransferase	Macaca fascicularis	38-42
2423408-6	1986	We conclude that more than 95% inhibition of amylase reduces dietary starch digestion within the small intestine and uptake of dietary starch from the small intestine, markedly decreases postprandial release of insulin and gastric inhibitory polypeptide, and may alter postprandial upper gastrointestinal motor function.	Starch	135-141	insulin	Homo sapiens	211-218
3086670-1	1986	Each one of at least three unlinked STA loci (STA1, STA2 and STA3), in the genome of Saccharomyces diastaticus controls starch hydrolysis by coding for an extracellular glucoamylase.	Starch	120-126	Wsc2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	61-65
3746458-9	1986	Glucose 6-phosphatase activity was lower in nonstarved rats fed starch and maltose than in rats fed glucose, sucrose, or glucose and fructose.	Starch	64-70	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-21
2423813-4	1986	In comparison with a placebo, ingestion of this inhibitor with 50 g of starch substantially reduced postprandial increases in plasma concentrations of glucose and insulin in both normal subjects and those with diabetes.	Starch	71-77	insulin	Homo sapiens	163-170
2940107-1	1986	Starch-gel electrophoresis of rat ocular tissues shows two anodic isoenzymes of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), designated as ADH-1 and ADH-2, ADH-1 is characteristic of the ocular tissues, and corresponds to more than 95% of all ADH activity in the eye.	Starch	0-6	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	80-101
2940107-1	1986	Starch-gel electrophoresis of rat ocular tissues shows two anodic isoenzymes of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), designated as ADH-1 and ADH-2, ADH-1 is characteristic of the ocular tissues, and corresponds to more than 95% of all ADH activity in the eye.	Starch	0-6	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
2940107-1	1986	Starch-gel electrophoresis of rat ocular tissues shows two anodic isoenzymes of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), designated as ADH-1 and ADH-2, ADH-1 is characteristic of the ocular tissues, and corresponds to more than 95% of all ADH activity in the eye.	Starch	0-6	alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	123-128
2940107-1	1986	Starch-gel electrophoresis of rat ocular tissues shows two anodic isoenzymes of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), designated as ADH-1 and ADH-2, ADH-1 is characteristic of the ocular tissues, and corresponds to more than 95% of all ADH activity in the eye.	Starch	0-6	alcohol dehydrogenase 4 (class II), pi polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	133-138
2940107-1	1986	Starch-gel electrophoresis of rat ocular tissues shows two anodic isoenzymes of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), designated as ADH-1 and ADH-2, ADH-1 is characteristic of the ocular tissues, and corresponds to more than 95% of all ADH activity in the eye.	Starch	0-6	alcohol dehydrogenase 1C (class I), gamma polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	140-145
2940107-1	1986	Starch-gel electrophoresis of rat ocular tissues shows two anodic isoenzymes of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), designated as ADH-1 and ADH-2, ADH-1 is characteristic of the ocular tissues, and corresponds to more than 95% of all ADH activity in the eye.	Starch	0-6	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	123-126
3985005-5	1985	On starch gel electrophoresis, plasma ADA in leukemic patients separated into two bands.	Starch	3-9	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	38-41
16664671-3	1986	However, wild type and sh2 kernels had greater germination, starch content, and seed weight when sucrose, rather than reducing sugars, was the carbon source.	Starch	60-66	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	23-26
3531052-1	1986	The effect of two doses (3 mg and 10 mg) of the inhibitor of pancreatic alpha-amylase trestatin on the metabolism of an oral load of 75 g of starch was observed in healthy human subjects.	Starch	141-147	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	61-85
3999973-7	1985	Alcohol, sucrose, and starch together accounted for 36% of the variance of HDL3 concentration, but less than 5% of the variance of HDL2 concentration.	Starch	22-28	HDL3	Homo sapiens	75-79
2419310-3	1986	Starch hydrolysis with this beta-amylase produces maltose, not glucose, whereas maltotriose and cycloheptaose are resistant to the action of this beta-amylase.	Starch	0-6	1,4-alpha-D-glucan maltohydrolase	Hordeum vulgare	28-40
2419310-3	1986	Starch hydrolysis with this beta-amylase produces maltose, not glucose, whereas maltotriose and cycloheptaose are resistant to the action of this beta-amylase.	Starch	0-6	1,4-alpha-D-glucan maltohydrolase	Hordeum vulgare	146-158
4084207-1	1985	The expression of the GST1, GST2, and GST3 loci in fetal, neonatal, and infant tissues has been studied using starch gel electrophoresis and chromatofocusing.	Starch	110-116	glutathione S-transferase mu 1	Homo sapiens	22-26
4084207-1	1985	The expression of the GST1, GST2, and GST3 loci in fetal, neonatal, and infant tissues has been studied using starch gel electrophoresis and chromatofocusing.	Starch	110-116	glutathione S-transferase pi 1	Homo sapiens	38-42
2935184-3	1985	One unusual molecular form of M. nemestrina ADH is electrophoretically indistinguishable as it comigrates with one of the cathodic class I isozymes on starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	151-157	alcohol dehydrogenase 1A (class I), alpha polypeptide	Homo sapiens	44-47
2413770-1	1985	Adult rats that were maintained on a low-carbohydrate intake showed rapid increase in the activities of sucrase, maltase, and lactase along the length of the small intestine when they were fed a high-starch diet.	Starch	200-206	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	126-133
3906624-7	1985	On starch gels, cleaved M-PLAP showed a single zone of enzyme activity with a mobility sightly greater than that of A-PLAP, which did not require the presence of Triton X-100 to enter the gel.	Starch	3-9	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	26-30
4048835-1	1985	The effect of ingestion of 50 g fat, 50 g protein, and 50 g starch on plasma cholecystokinin (CCK) concentrations was studied in eight healthy volunteers.	Starch	60-66	cholecystokinin	Homo sapiens	77-92
3991602-5	1985	Diet effect (sucrose greater than starch) was significant for plasma glucose, liver ME, and kidney G6Pase.	Starch	34-40	glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-105
2582103-2	1985	Starch granules are digested by pancreatic alpha-amylase in the small intestine.	Starch	0-6	amylase, alpha 2A (pancreatic)	Gallus gallus	32-56
3160370-2	1985	Starch gel electrophoresis of retina ADH shows an anodic band that can be visualized by activity staining, using either ethanol or pentanol as substrates.	Starch	0-6	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	37-40
3925939-3	1985	Np-2 was detected by either specific activity assay or starch gel electrophoresis and shown to be linked to Es-10, 15.9 +/- 3.1 cM, on chromosome 14.	Starch	55-61	purine-nucleoside phosphorylase	Mus musculus	0-4
3159308-5	1985	All 50 livers possessed the ALDH I isoenzyme which exhibits the greatest anodic mobility on starch gel electrophoresis at pH 7.6.	Starch	92-98	aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member	Homo sapiens	28-34
3994338-1	1985	Horizontal starch gel electrophoresis has been employed for the detection of haptoglobin, transferrin and albumin phenotypes among 88 Dusads of Bihar.	Starch	11-17	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	77-88
3857912-5	1985	Neonatal DD/S mice exhibit a single band of serum LAP upon starch gel electrophoresis; however, between 14 and 18 days of age, two distinct bands appear, which persist throughout adult life.	Starch	59-65	torsin A interacting protein 1	Mus musculus	50-53
2578187-8	1985	The in vivo study showed that uncooked starches elicited no detectable glucose and insulin responses, whereas all the cooked starches except amylose caused glucose and insulin responses comparable to the response seen when feeding glucose.	Starch	125-133	insulin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	168-175
3881099-7	1985	The identity of the enzyme with alcohol dehydrogenase was established by starch gel electrophoresis and co-purification of the two enzymes.	Starch	73-79	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	32-53
4090795-1	1985	The haptoglobin types were determined by starch gel electrophoresis in 246 women with benigne and malignant gynaecologic neoplasms or breast tumors.	Starch	41-47	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	4-15
2999524-3	1985	In studies in Britain and Scandinavia where consumption of the chemical fraction of dietary fibre, the non-starch polysaccharides, has been determined using accurate methods, significant negative association between colon cancer occurrence and NSP consumption have been shown.	Starch	107-113	sperm antigen with calponin homology and coiled-coil domains 1	Homo sapiens	244-247
6389551-3	1984	As defined by starch gel electrophoresis, the faster-migrating isoenzyme, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase-2, increases its activity during postembryonic development.	Starch	14-20	Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2	Caenorhabditis elegans	74-116
6394601-5	1984	The alpha-glucosidase showed relatively high activity not only toward maltose but also toward alpha-glucans, such as soluble starch, beta-limit dextrin, amylopectin, shellfish glycogen, and amylose.	Starch	125-131	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	4-21
6439052-8	1984	Our results thus show that the increase in lactase activity, induced by feeding a high-starch diet to adult rats, is accompanied by an increased capacity to hydrolyze lactose and absorb the constituent monosaccharides.	Starch	87-93	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	43-50
6514665-5	1984	Fat deposition in the abdominal pad was increased in 3-week-old chicks by isocaloric substitution of oil for starch in the diets.	Starch	109-115	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Gallus gallus	0-3
6384910-5	1984	Blood insulin concentrations after starch administration did not exceed values of 50 mU/liter above fasting levels and were markedly lower than those after glucose administration (maximum levels of 280 mU/liter).	Starch	35-41	insulin	Homo sapiens	6-13
6433693-3	1984	Starch and sucrose diets without added cholesterol resulted in similar levels of serum total cholesterol and apoB; whereas starch produced significantly higher values for these variables than sucrose when cholesterol was added to these diets.	Starch	0-6	apolipoprotein B-100	Macaca fascicularis	109-113
6433693-4	1984	Starch diet, irrespective of dietary cholesterol, yielded significantly lower apoA-I levels than sucrose diet.	Starch	0-6	apolipoprotein A-I	Macaca fascicularis	78-84
6489578-0	1984	[Plasma glucose and C-peptide after ingestion of sucrose and starch in controlled insulin-dependent diabetics.	Starch	61-67	insulin	Homo sapiens	20-29
16663797-5	1984	The sh2 seeds and whole embryos had low starch levels compared with the other three genotypes.	Starch	40-46	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	4-7
6746120-1	1984	Subcellular distribution of hexokinase (HK) isoenzymes in 22 human breast cancers (21 primary cancers and 1 axillary metastatic growth) and 7 non-pathological human mammary gland tissue samples was studied with starch gel electrophoresis on isolated cell fractions obtained by differential centrifugation.	Starch	211-217	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	28-38
16663797-11	1984	With a commercial corn starch as the carbohydrate source, sh2 germlings were shorter in length and displayed a greater loss in dry weight than the other genotypes.	Starch	23-29	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	58-61
16663738-10	1984	The mean values for SPS activity (calculated from observations made during the light period) were correlated positively with translocation rates and were correlated negatively with starch accumulation rates.	Starch	181-187	probable sucrose-phosphate synthase	Nicotiana tabacum	20-23
16663738-11	1984	Overall, the results support the postulate that SPS activity is closely associated with starch/sucrose levels in leaves, and that acclimation to changes in photoperiod may be associated with changes in the activity of SPS.	Starch	88-94	probable sucrose-phosphate synthase	Nicotiana tabacum	48-51
6746120-1	1984	Subcellular distribution of hexokinase (HK) isoenzymes in 22 human breast cancers (21 primary cancers and 1 axillary metastatic growth) and 7 non-pathological human mammary gland tissue samples was studied with starch gel electrophoresis on isolated cell fractions obtained by differential centrifugation.	Starch	211-217	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	40-42
24258838-1	1984	Genetic bases of isozyme phenotypes of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and glucosephosphate isomerase (GpI) from tuber extracts of potato species of the genus Solanum were investigated by starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	183-189	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Solanum tuberosum	70-96
6744626-0	1984	Determination of placental alkaline phosphatase phenotypes by starch-gel and acrylamide gel electrophoresis.	Starch	62-68	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	27-47
6744626-1	1984	The polymorphism of placental alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is usually studied by butanol extraction followed by starch gel electrophoretic separation at two different pH"s, 8.6 and 6.0.	Starch	110-116	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	30-50
6744626-1	1984	The polymorphism of placental alkaline phosphatase (ALP) is usually studied by butanol extraction followed by starch gel electrophoretic separation at two different pH"s, 8.6 and 6.0.	Starch	110-116	alkaline phosphatase, placental	Homo sapiens	52-55
6470834-1	1984	The effect of gelatinization of dietary starch (wheat, corn and potato) on the distribution of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase along the small intestine of rats was studied in villus and crypt cell populations isolated by graduated scraping.	Starch	40-46	3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase 2	Solanum tuberosum	95-152
24258838-1	1984	Genetic bases of isozyme phenotypes of alkaline phosphatase (AKP) and glucosephosphate isomerase (GpI) from tuber extracts of potato species of the genus Solanum were investigated by starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	183-189	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Solanum tuberosum	98-101
6610366-1	1984	A continuous-flow system has been developed in which pancreatic alpha-amylase is incubated with soluble starch at 37 degrees C. Reducing sugars being delivered at the "steady-state" hydrolysis of starch are dialyzed into a solution of alkaline ferricyanide.	Starch	104-110	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	53-77
6610366-1	1984	A continuous-flow system has been developed in which pancreatic alpha-amylase is incubated with soluble starch at 37 degrees C. Reducing sugars being delivered at the "steady-state" hydrolysis of starch are dialyzed into a solution of alkaline ferricyanide.	Starch	196-202	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	53-77
24253332-2	1984	In the presence of GA3, and under normal cell growth, starch formation was inhibited.	Starch	54-60	succinyl-CoA:glutarate-CoA transferase	Homo sapiens	19-22
2417422-8	1985	Intraduodenal perfusion of starch, soy-bean oil or amino acids revealed similar changes in enzyme secretion as seen in the dietary experiments; i. e. intraduodenaL perfusion of starch caused mainly an increase in amylase secretion, soy-bean oil in lipase secretion and amino acids in the secretion of proteases.	Starch	177-183	lipase G, endothelial type	Rattus norvegicus	248-254
6371784-1	1984	A method has been presented for the detection of organism sensitivity to insulin, involving simultaneous administration of insulin (intravenously) and the solution of partially hydrolized starch (orally), followed by the determination of the blood sugar level after 1 and 2 hours.	Starch	188-194	insulin	Homo sapiens	73-80
6326397-5	1984	Addition of 8% guar (by substitution for starch) resulted in a drastic increase in fecal DAP content thus lowering the factor to 11.5.	Starch	41-47	death-associated protein	Rattus norvegicus	89-92
24253332-3	1984	The incorporation activity (starch synthesis) from ADP-[(14)C] glucose or UDP-[(14)C] glucose with GA3 treated cells was reduced.	Starch	28-34	succinyl-CoA:glutarate-CoA transferase	Homo sapiens	99-102
24253332-5	1984	These results may indicate that GA3 affects the regulation of starch synthesis and exocellular polysaccharide synthesis.	Starch	62-68	succinyl-CoA:glutarate-CoA transferase	Homo sapiens	32-35
6500570-3	1984	A total of 15,387 individuals living in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, of whom 10,864 are unrelated, were examined for erythrocyte triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) by starch gel electrophoresis using TEMM buffer, pH 7.4.	Starch	159-165	triosephosphate isomerase 1	Homo sapiens	151-154
6538532-1	1984	Polymorphism for E2 locus of human serum cholinesterase was studied in populations of evenks and yakuts of Krasnoyarsky region by the method of starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	144-150	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	41-55
6500572-1	1984	Genetic polymorphism of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) was investigated in a total of 214 red blood cell samples from unrelated Japanese using the starch gel electrophoresis and the enzyme-specific staining procedures.	Starch	156-162	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	24-56
6500572-1	1984	Genetic polymorphism of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) was investigated in a total of 214 red blood cell samples from unrelated Japanese using the starch gel electrophoresis and the enzyme-specific staining procedures.	Starch	156-162	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	58-62
6356165-1	1983	A method has been developed for simultaneous analysis of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) isoenzymes in small (2.5 mg) liver biopsy cores by starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	170-176	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	57-78
6698561-1	1984	The isoelectric focusing study of esterase D in Japanese revealed evidence of a new polymorphic allele (EsD7) which is difficult to find by conventional starch gel electrophoresis only.	Starch	153-159	esterase D	Homo sapiens	34-44
6605901-1	1983	The intestinal absorption and mucosal hydrolysis of a partial and a complete alpha-amylase hydrolysate of corn starch, simulating the normal intermediary and end products of luminal starch digestion, was studied using an in vivo steady state jejunal perfusion technique in normal human subjects.	Starch	111-117	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	77-90
6650498-5	1983	Four had both ALDH1 and ALDH2 components detected by starch gel electrophoresis, that is, they are apparently usual.	Starch	53-59	aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family member A1	Homo sapiens	14-19
6650498-5	1983	Four had both ALDH1 and ALDH2 components detected by starch gel electrophoresis, that is, they are apparently usual.	Starch	53-59	aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member	Homo sapiens	24-29
6312251-0	1983	Increased insulin binding to adipocytes and monocytes and increased insulin sensitivity of glucose transport and metabolism in adipocytes from non-insulin-dependent diabetics after a low-fat/high-starch/high-fiber diet.	Starch	196-202	insulin	Homo sapiens	10-17
6312251-0	1983	Increased insulin binding to adipocytes and monocytes and increased insulin sensitivity of glucose transport and metabolism in adipocytes from non-insulin-dependent diabetics after a low-fat/high-starch/high-fiber diet.	Starch	196-202	insulin	Homo sapiens	68-75
6414283-4	1983	In vitro enzyme inhibition studies assessed the ability of the brush border enzyme maltase/glucoamylase to degrade starch in the presence of the starch blockers.	Starch	115-121	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	83-103
6414283-4	1983	In vitro enzyme inhibition studies assessed the ability of the brush border enzyme maltase/glucoamylase to degrade starch in the presence of the starch blockers.	Starch	145-151	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	83-103
6414283-5	1983	A highly purified solution of rat and human maltase/glucoamylase was capable of degrading a starch solution, while 40 mM Tris-HCl (a known maltase/glucoamylase inhibitor) completely abolished the enzyme activity.	Starch	92-98	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	44-64
6414283-7	1983	The ineffectiveness in vivo could be explained, in part, by the ability of the brush border enzyme maltase/glucoamylase to hydrolyze starch in the presence of starch blockers.	Starch	133-139	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	99-119
6414283-7	1983	The ineffectiveness in vivo could be explained, in part, by the ability of the brush border enzyme maltase/glucoamylase to hydrolyze starch in the presence of starch blockers.	Starch	159-165	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	99-119
6354095-1	1983	Rat liver alcohol dehydrogenase was purified and four isoenzyme forms, demonstrated by starch gel electrophoresis, were separated by O-(carboxymethyl)-cellulose chromatography.	Starch	87-93	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	10-31
6226281-3	1983	Two unlinked loci, Pgml and Pgm2, located on the long arm of chromosome 1 and the short arm of chromosome 5, respectively, specify the observed electrophoretic variation on starch gels.	Starch	173-179	phosphoglucomutase, cytoplasmic 2	Zea mays	28-32
6405791-2	1983	Three major low-pI zones of aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.2.1.3) may be visualized with specific histochemical staining after starch gel electrophoresis at pH 7.4 of Caucasian human liver extracts, whereas about 50% of Chinese human liver extracts show only two such zones.	Starch	155-161	hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 6	Homo sapiens	66-80
6305188-11	1983	The patient"s enzyme migrated approximately half-way between the AK 1 and AK 2 position on starch-gel electrophoresis.	Starch	91-97	adenylate kinase 1	Homo sapiens	65-69
6305188-11	1983	The patient"s enzyme migrated approximately half-way between the AK 1 and AK 2 position on starch-gel electrophoresis.	Starch	91-97	adenylate kinase 2	Homo sapiens	74-78
6342857-1	1983	A sensitive method for detecting isoenzymes of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in human liver biopsy specimens by simultaneous starch gel electrophoresis is described.	Starch	157-163	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	47-68
6342857-1	1983	A sensitive method for detecting isoenzymes of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) in human liver biopsy specimens by simultaneous starch gel electrophoresis is described.	Starch	157-163	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	70-73
6342668-2	1983	The starch gel electrophoresis patterns after the dissociation-recombination of the forms are consistent with the hypothesis that they arise from the random combination of alpha, beta 1, gamma 1, and gamma 2 subunits into six heterodimeric and four homodimeric isoenzymes.	Starch	4-10	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1	Homo sapiens	172-207
6601110-1	1983	The tumor-promoting phorbol ester, 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA), stimulates starch-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages to undergo DNA synthesis in vitro, apparently without the generation of an endogenous macrophage growth factor (MGF).	Starch	91-97	kit ligand	Mus musculus	248-251
16662809-7	1983	Two starch azure procedures were developed to eliminate beta-amylase interference: (a) the dilution procedure, the serial dilution of samples until beta-amylase levels are below levels that interfere; (b) the beta-amylase saturation procedure, addition of exogenous beta-amylase to increase endogenous beta-amylase activity to saturating levels.	Starch	4-10	1,4-alpha-D-glucan maltohydrolase	Hordeum vulgare	56-68
6238491-1	1984	Rare PGM1 phenotypes, 6-1, 6-2 and 7-2, were detected in blood samples from 3,437 non-related adults using electrophoresis in starch-gel and cellulose acetate membranes.	Starch	126-132	phosphoglucomutase 1	Homo sapiens	5-9
6204606-14	1983	In contrast, M-G catalysed the hydrolysis of starch, amylose and maltose with a Km of 3.12 mM, 7.59 mM and 3.52 mM respectively, and had no action on sucrose or palatinose.	Starch	45-51	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	13-16
6606796-6	1983	All the family members with detectable ADA activity appeared to have, according to starch gel electrophoresis of erythrocyte lysates, the common ADA-1 phenotype; however, rigorous identification of phenotype was not possible in this study.	Starch	83-89	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	39-42
6626178-2	1983	Starch-gel electrophoresis was used to demonstrate two forms of glutathione S-transferase in human erythrocytes.	Starch	0-6	glutathione S-transferase kappa 1	Homo sapiens	64-89
6602803-8	1983	Adenosine deaminase accounted for approximately 50% of the soluble protein in highly drug-resistant lines and was indistinguishable from that in the parent as judged by isoelectric focusing, electrophoretic mobility on starch gels, and by deoxycoformycin binding studies.	Starch	219-225	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	0-19
16663027-0	1983	Changes in Starch Formation and Activities of Sucrose Phosphate Synthase and Cytoplasmic Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase in Response to Source-Sink Alterations.	Starch	11-17	fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, chloroplastic	Glycine max	89-116
6870992-4	1983	Molar rate of serum total LCAT activity was higher in sucrose than starch diets (P less than 0.01).	Starch	67-73	phosphatidylcholine-sterol acyltransferase	Macaca fascicularis	26-30
6870992-8	1983	The differential effect of starch and sucrose diets on LCAT activity suggests that the nature of dietary carbohydrates may affect LCAT activity in association with triglyceride metabolism by altering the amount of enzyme in terms of its activity and/or the nature of substrate and cholesterol ester acceptor lipoproteins.	Starch	27-33	phosphatidylcholine-sterol acyltransferase	Macaca fascicularis	55-59
6870992-8	1983	The differential effect of starch and sucrose diets on LCAT activity suggests that the nature of dietary carbohydrates may affect LCAT activity in association with triglyceride metabolism by altering the amount of enzyme in terms of its activity and/or the nature of substrate and cholesterol ester acceptor lipoproteins.	Starch	27-33	phosphatidylcholine-sterol acyltransferase	Macaca fascicularis	130-134
24173151-0	1983	STA10: A gene involved in the control of starch utilization by Saccharomyces.	Starch	41-47	FLO8	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-5
6189764-3	1983	Two polymorphic systems impinging on alpha-amylase in Drosophila pseudoobscura have been studied in laboratory populations maintained on medium in which the only carbohydrate source was starch (the substrate of amylase) and replicas maintained on medium in which the only carbohydrate source was maltose (the product of amylase).	Starch	186-192	Amylase proximal	Drosophila melanogaster	211-218
6189764-3	1983	Two polymorphic systems impinging on alpha-amylase in Drosophila pseudoobscura have been studied in laboratory populations maintained on medium in which the only carbohydrate source was starch (the substrate of amylase) and replicas maintained on medium in which the only carbohydrate source was maltose (the product of amylase).	Starch	186-192	Amylase proximal	Drosophila melanogaster	211-218
6847187-1	1983	A starch-utilizing yellow-pigmented bacterium, isolated from tap water, was tested for the utilization of 64 natural compounds at a concentration of 1 g/liter by measuring colony growth on agar media.	Starch	2-8	nuclear RNA export factor 1	Homo sapiens	61-64
6404248-3	1983	On electrophoresis in a starch gel containing NAD or NADH, of purified AdhS which consists of the three Adh forms S-5, S-4, and S-3, five enzymatically active zones appear.	Starch	24-30	Alcohol dehydrogenase	Drosophila melanogaster	71-74
6404248-3	1983	On electrophoresis in a starch gel containing NAD or NADH, of purified AdhS which consists of the three Adh forms S-5, S-4, and S-3, five enzymatically active zones appear.	Starch	24-30	l(3)87Db	Drosophila melanogaster	114-117
6404248-3	1983	On electrophoresis in a starch gel containing NAD or NADH, of purified AdhS which consists of the three Adh forms S-5, S-4, and S-3, five enzymatically active zones appear.	Starch	24-30	Regulatory particle triple-A ATPase 2	Drosophila melanogaster	119-122
6404248-3	1983	On electrophoresis in a starch gel containing NAD or NADH, of purified AdhS which consists of the three Adh forms S-5, S-4, and S-3, five enzymatically active zones appear.	Starch	24-30	Ribosomal protein S3	Drosophila melanogaster	128-131
6661759-2	1983	Irradiated host mice were reconstituted with bone marrow cells from a second strain of mice: the two strains were each homozygous for one of the two different isoenzyme forms of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, which enable cells of the two strains to be identified by different isoenzyme mobilities on starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	312-318	glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase 1	Mus musculus	189-218
6840777-1	1983	1,416 males and 564 female subjects from four Negroid and five Arab tribes and a group of mixed tribes of the Sudan were investigated for the phenotypic distribution of red cell glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase by starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	215-221	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	178-211
6216484-1	1982	The results of phosphoglucomutase-1 (PGM1) typings by starch gel electrophoresis and subtypings by isoelectric focusing are presented for a sample of Japanese.	Starch	54-60	phosphoglucomutase 1	Homo sapiens	15-35
6187335-1	1982	The level of amylase activity in larvae and adults of Drosophila melanogaster is dependent on the dietary carbohydrate source; flies or larvae from a food medium containing starch show higher levels of activity than individuals from a food containing simple sugars.	Starch	173-179	Amylase proximal	Drosophila melanogaster	13-20
7141365-0	1982	Electrophoretic typing of glyoxalase I (GLO I) isoenzymes using a mixed starch/agarose gel.	Starch	72-78	glyoxalase I	Homo sapiens	26-38
7141365-0	1982	Electrophoretic typing of glyoxalase I (GLO I) isoenzymes using a mixed starch/agarose gel.	Starch	72-78	glyoxalase I	Homo sapiens	40-45
7141365-1	1982	A technique was developed to type the glyoxalase I (GLO I) isoenzymes using a mixed agarose/starch gel.	Starch	92-98	glyoxalase I	Homo sapiens	38-50
7141365-1	1982	A technique was developed to type the glyoxalase I (GLO I) isoenzymes using a mixed agarose/starch gel.	Starch	92-98	glyoxalase I	Homo sapiens	52-57
6216484-1	1982	The results of phosphoglucomutase-1 (PGM1) typings by starch gel electrophoresis and subtypings by isoelectric focusing are presented for a sample of Japanese.	Starch	54-60	phosphoglucomutase 1	Homo sapiens	37-41
6180326-11	1982	The excreted amylase causes the external digestion of dietary starch; this accounts for the frequency-dependent increase in the viability of the amylase-deficient mutants in mixed cultures, maintained on a starch-rich diet.	Starch	62-68	Amylase proximal	Drosophila melanogaster	13-20
6180326-11	1982	The excreted amylase causes the external digestion of dietary starch; this accounts for the frequency-dependent increase in the viability of the amylase-deficient mutants in mixed cultures, maintained on a starch-rich diet.	Starch	62-68	Amylase proximal	Drosophila melanogaster	145-152
6180326-11	1982	The excreted amylase causes the external digestion of dietary starch; this accounts for the frequency-dependent increase in the viability of the amylase-deficient mutants in mixed cultures, maintained on a starch-rich diet.	Starch	206-212	Amylase proximal	Drosophila melanogaster	13-20
6180326-11	1982	The excreted amylase causes the external digestion of dietary starch; this accounts for the frequency-dependent increase in the viability of the amylase-deficient mutants in mixed cultures, maintained on a starch-rich diet.	Starch	206-212	Amylase proximal	Drosophila melanogaster	145-152
7134106-6	1982	Pancreatic alpha-amylase is the only enzyme elaborated by fowl that digests starch.	Starch	76-82	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	0-24
7102676-2	1982	They appeared to represent a single allele, GPT 2, by the standard method of starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	77-83	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase 2	Homo sapiens	44-49
6978036-2	1982	Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated starch powder contamination on the stylet tip from a spinal needle after it was lightly touched with nonwashed surgical gloves.	Starch	42-48	TOR signaling pathway regulator	Homo sapiens	84-87
6303555-7	1983	The level of adenosine deaminase in Raji and Ramos cells was similar to that observed in human cord blood lymphocytes, as determined by starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	136-142	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	13-32
7114790-2	1982	The staining solution used to visualize AAT activity on starch gels was specific for AAT since it was visualized only when all components of the stain were present.	Starch	56-62	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	40-43
7114790-2	1982	The staining solution used to visualize AAT activity on starch gels was specific for AAT since it was visualized only when all components of the stain were present.	Starch	56-62	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	85-88
6284823-10	1982	Improved feed efficiency for milk production after addition of limestone was related to an increase in starch digestion compared to the basal ration (95 versus 88%).	Starch	103-109	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	29-33
7077301-3	1982	Cultures of starch-elicited peritoneal mouse macrophages in medium containing macrophage growth factor (MGF) were infected with lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus (LDV) and, after various times in culture, LDV production was monitored as a function of time by infectivity titrations in mice, by measuring [3H]uridine incorporation into LDV RNA and extracellular LDV, by autoradiographic analysis of the proportion of productively infected cells and by electron microscopy.	Starch	12-18	kit ligand	Mus musculus	104-107
6462057-5	1982	The PGM1(1Twa) and PGM1(6) enzymes, which in acid starch gel are not distinguishable, can be clearly differentiated by isoelectric focusing.	Starch	50-56	phosphoglucomutase 1	Homo sapiens	4-8
6462057-5	1982	The PGM1(1Twa) and PGM1(6) enzymes, which in acid starch gel are not distinguishable, can be clearly differentiated by isoelectric focusing.	Starch	50-56	phosphoglucomutase 1	Homo sapiens	19-23
6804453-6	1982	The alpha-glucosidase readily hydrolyzed maltose, starch, and glycogen, producing only glucose.	Starch	50-56	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	4-21
7080674-1	1982	The authors have examined the gene frequency and phenotype distribution of GLO isoenzyme system in the blood samples from 1,288 randomized, unrelated persons and from 151 mother-child pairs by horizontal starch-gel electrophoresis.	Starch	204-210	glyoxalase I	Homo sapiens	75-78
6175312-1	1981	The isozymes of human salivary alpha-amylase have been separated by thin-layer gel isoelectric focusing in a pH 4-8 gradient followed by a starch-iodine zymogram procedure.	Starch	139-145	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	22-44
6293791-0	1982	Increased insulin receptor binding to monocytes from insulin-dependent diabetic patients after a low-fat, high-starch, high-fiber diet.	Starch	111-117	insulin receptor	Homo sapiens	10-26
6280681-7	1981	Urate oxidase activity was higher in rats fed on the starch diet than in the three other groups.	Starch	53-59	urate oxidase	Rattus norvegicus	0-13
6280682-5	1981	Lipoprotein lipase activities in heart were increased and those in adipose tissue were decreased when rats were fed on diets enriched with corn oil or beef tallow rather than with sucrose or starch.	Starch	191-197	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	0-18
6280682-6	1981	The lipoprotein lipase activity was lower in the adipose tissue of rats fed on the sucrose rather than on the starch diet.	Starch	110-116	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	4-22
6789885-0	1981	Time- and dose-dependency of intestinal lactase activity in adult rat on starch intake.	Starch	73-79	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	40-47
6789885-4	1981	In all intestinal segments, increased intake of starch was followed by an increase of lactase and sucroase activity (both expressed as per tissue protein or per intestinal segment ) within the first day.	Starch	48-54	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	86-93
6789885-8	1981	These studies thus demonstrated a dose- and time-dependency between the intake of starch (a carbohydrate containing only alpha-linkages) and the activity of lactase, a neutral beta-galactosidase in adult rats.	Starch	82-88	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	157-164
6789885-8	1981	These studies thus demonstrated a dose- and time-dependency between the intake of starch (a carbohydrate containing only alpha-linkages) and the activity of lactase, a neutral beta-galactosidase in adult rats.	Starch	82-88	galactosidase, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	176-194
7024026-0	1981	The effects of equal caloric amounts of xylitol, sucrose and starch on insulin requirements and blood glucose levels in insulin-dependent diabetics.	Starch	61-67	insulin	Homo sapiens	71-78
7028558-1	1981	Acarbose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, delays starch digestion and inhibits intestinal sucrase and maltase activity.	Starch	49-55	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	13-30
7018580-7	1981	Neutral alpha-glucosidase AB migrates more rapidly to the anode than alpha-glucosidase C when agarose, Cellogel, acrylamide or starch are used as support media.	Starch	127-133	glucosidase II alpha subunit	Homo sapiens	0-28
7018580-7	1981	Neutral alpha-glucosidase AB migrates more rapidly to the anode than alpha-glucosidase C when agarose, Cellogel, acrylamide or starch are used as support media.	Starch	127-133	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	8-25
6788036-1	1981	An electrophoretic variant in the LDH (L-lactate:NAD oxidoreductase, E.C.1.1.1.27) of Drosophila melanogaster was observed on starch (or polyacrylamide) gels.	Starch	126-132	Lactate dehydrogenase	Drosophila melanogaster	34-37
6788036-10	1981	Furthermore, purified LDH exhibits activity in two bands on starch gel (out of three observed in crude extracts), which appear in different positions as compared with those of ADH.	Starch	60-66	Lactate dehydrogenase	Drosophila melanogaster	22-25
6114980-3	1981	Studies by starch gel electrophoresis, in which the Pep A was located by an improved method, were carried out on semen, semen stains, and vaginal swabs taken at known times after intercourse.	Starch	11-17	carnosine dipeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	52-57
7005000-3	1981	Three isoenzymes of alcohol dehydrogenase activity were demonstrated in thyroidectomized animals by starch gel electrophoresis, as compared with two in sham-operated control animals.	Starch	100-106	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Rattus norvegicus	20-41
6783232-0	1981	Effects of cooking on serum glucose and insulin responses to starch.	Starch	61-67	insulin	Homo sapiens	40-47
7283207-0	1981	Partial characterization of horse transferrin heterogeneity with respect to the atypical type, Tf C. In starch gel electrophoresis of horse sera each transferrin variant is formed by a strong anodal band and a weaker cathodal band.	Starch	104-110	inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase	Equus caballus	34-45
6784720-3	1981	Genetic variation at three dipeptidase loci (Dip-A, Dip-B, and Dip-C) in Drosophila simulans was analyzed by starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	109-115	Dipeptidase C	Drosophila melanogaster	63-68
7306291-2	1981	The activity of aminopyrine demethylase and aniline hydroxylase and the level of cytochrome P-450 increased significantly in rats fed lactose plus starch compared to the groups fed fructose or starch diets.	Starch	147-153	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	81-97
16345688-0	1981	Utilization of low concentrations of starch by a flavobacterium species isolated from tap water.	Starch	37-43	nuclear RNA export factor 1	Homo sapiens	86-89
7283207-0	1981	Partial characterization of horse transferrin heterogeneity with respect to the atypical type, Tf C. In starch gel electrophoresis of horse sera each transferrin variant is formed by a strong anodal band and a weaker cathodal band.	Starch	104-110	inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase	Equus caballus	150-161
6453819-0	1981	An improved method of typing hair sheath cells using the PGM3 locus following starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	78-84	phosphoglucomutase 3	Homo sapiens	57-61
10819029-1	1981	The rare phenotypes PGM1, determined by alleles PGM1(3), PGM1(4), PGM1(6), and PGM1(7) were examined by starch gel electrophoresis and cellulose acetate gel isoelectric focusing and were compared with the commonest phenotypes of PGM1.	Starch	104-110	phosphoglucomutase 1	Homo sapiens	20-24
7327557-1	1981	The human and rodent forms of glyoxalase II (Hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase, HAGH) can readily be separated by starch gel electrophoretic procedures.	Starch	113-119	hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase	Homo sapiens	30-43
7327557-1	1981	The human and rodent forms of glyoxalase II (Hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase, HAGH) can readily be separated by starch gel electrophoretic procedures.	Starch	113-119	hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase	Homo sapiens	45-77
7327557-1	1981	The human and rodent forms of glyoxalase II (Hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase, HAGH) can readily be separated by starch gel electrophoretic procedures.	Starch	113-119	hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase	Homo sapiens	79-83
20487828-5	1981	Starch-block electrophoresis of acetylcholinesterase showed a single negatively charged peak of activity for both the naturally soluble and the deoxycholate solubilized preparations.	Starch	0-6	acetylcholinesterase (Yt blood group)	Sus scrofa	32-52
28310095-7	1981	A review of the literature revealed a plethora of evidence that Tf and LAP proteins could change electromorphs on starch gels in response to differences in blood chemistry and presumably to physiological state influenced by diet, reproductive state, and disease.	Starch	114-120	serotransferrin	Microtus ochrogaster	64-66
7349554-6	1981	Regarding pancreatic hydrolases, starch, rather than sugars, raised pancreatic amylase, while lipase did not correlate with endogenous hyperglyceridemia and was similar in all groups.	Starch	33-39	amylase 2a3	Rattus norvegicus	68-86
7424909-1	1980	A new method for the detection of glyoxalase II (hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase) after starch gel electrophoresis is described.	Starch	89-95	hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase	Homo sapiens	34-47
7424909-1	1980	A new method for the detection of glyoxalase II (hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase) after starch gel electrophoresis is described.	Starch	89-95	hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase	Homo sapiens	49-81
6161587-0	1980	A stain for the location of trehalase after electrophoresis in starch gels.	Starch	63-69	trehalase	Homo sapiens	28-37
7446981-0	1980	A method for the localization of glutathione S-transferase isozymes after starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	74-80	glutathione S-transferase kappa 1	Homo sapiens	33-58
7396409-2	1980	Staining procedures are described for the detection after starch-gel electrophoresis of ribose-5-phosphate isomerase (RPI) and ribulose 5-phosphate 3-epimerase (RPE).	Starch	58-64	ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A	Homo sapiens	88-116
7396409-2	1980	Staining procedures are described for the detection after starch-gel electrophoresis of ribose-5-phosphate isomerase (RPI) and ribulose 5-phosphate 3-epimerase (RPE).	Starch	58-64	ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A	Homo sapiens	118-121
7396409-2	1980	Staining procedures are described for the detection after starch-gel electrophoresis of ribose-5-phosphate isomerase (RPI) and ribulose 5-phosphate 3-epimerase (RPE).	Starch	58-64	ribulose-5-phosphate-3-epimerase	Homo sapiens	161-164
7389117-0	1980	Polymorphism of human serum Zn-alpha 2-glycoprotein and its behaviour during ontogenesis using quantitative crossed starch gel immunoelectrophoresis.	Starch	116-122	alpha-2-glycoprotein 1, zinc-binding	Homo sapiens	28-51
6987860-0	1980	Physical factors influencing postprandial glucose and insulin responses to starch.	Starch	75-81	insulin	Homo sapiens	54-61
24310138-4	1980	alpha-Glucosidase I readily hydrolyzed maltose, isomaltose, kojibiose, maltotriose, panose, amylose, soluble starch, amylopectin and glycogen.	Starch	109-115	alpha-glucosidase	Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris	0-17
24310138-6	1980	alpha-Glucosidase I hydrolyzed soluble starch at a faster rate than maltose.	Starch	39-45	alpha-glucosidase	Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris	0-17
6155906-13	1980	Comparison of enzyme activity of amylase and alpha-glucosidases in larvae and adults confirms that differences in amylase activities can become important only when starch is a limiting factor in the food.	Starch	164-170	Amylase proximal	Drosophila melanogaster	33-40
6155906-13	1980	Comparison of enzyme activity of amylase and alpha-glucosidases in larvae and adults confirms that differences in amylase activities can become important only when starch is a limiting factor in the food.	Starch	164-170	Amylase proximal	Drosophila melanogaster	114-121
6996966-4	1980	They spent 3 mo living in their traditional hunter-gatherer life-style, after which their insulin response to glucose was measured in a starch tolerance test.	Starch	136-142	insulin	Homo sapiens	90-97
6787180-0	1981	Increased activity of rat intestinal lactase due to increased intake of alpha-saccharides (starch, sucrose) in isocaloric diets.	Starch	91-97	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	37-44
6985841-0	1980	[Kinetic studies of the (1 linked to 4)-alpha-D-glucopyranosyltransferase reaction catalyzed by cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase, particularly the cyclization with amylose, amylopectin and total starch as substrate].	Starch	195-201	hydroquinone glucosyltransferase-like	Solanum tuberosum	109-128
6996966-9	1980	The areas under the insulin curves in the first hour after starch ingestion were: urban Aborigines 4478 +/- 465 microU/ml-1/min, traditional Aborigines 2959 +/- 301 microU/ml-1/min, and Caucasians 2097 +/- 224 microU/ml-1/min.	Starch	59-65	insulin	Homo sapiens	20-27
6104631-1	1980	A new method is described for the localization of gamma-glutamyl-cyclotransferase (gamma GCT) after electrophoresis on starch gel.	Starch	119-125	gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase	Homo sapiens	50-81
6104631-1	1980	A new method is described for the localization of gamma-glutamyl-cyclotransferase (gamma GCT) after electrophoresis on starch gel.	Starch	119-125	gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase	Homo sapiens	83-92
7216230-1	1980	The phenotypes of red cell glyoxalase I (GLO) were determined in two Icelandic population samples using starch-gel electrophoresis and high-voltage agarose-gel electrophoresis.	Starch	104-110	glyoxalase I	Homo sapiens	41-44
6989864-7	1980	Current research and practice demonstrate that 3 to 5% fat may be added to diets for lactation to increase energy intake of high-producing cows and/or to reduce starch feeding, thereby increasing the ratio of forage to concentrate to prevent depression of milk fat.	Starch	161-167	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Bos taurus	55-58
6995030-1	1980	Human neutral alpha-glucosidase C (GANC) can be separated from the homologous mouse isozyme by starch gel electrophoresis at pH 6.5.	Starch	95-101	glucosidase, alpha; neutral C	Mus musculus	6-33
6995030-1	1980	Human neutral alpha-glucosidase C (GANC) can be separated from the homologous mouse isozyme by starch gel electrophoresis at pH 6.5.	Starch	95-101	glucosidase, alpha; neutral C	Mus musculus	35-39
434772-1	1979	(1) Various buffer systems for the starch gel electrophoresis of human diaphorase isozymes have been explored.	Starch	35-41	dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	71-81
389023-5	1979	Furthermore, carbohydrate given as starch also led to an attenuated glucose and insulin response when compared to an equivalent amount of glucose administered as either dextrose or sucrose.	Starch	35-41	insulin	Homo sapiens	80-87
495537-8	1979	Fasting serum insulin and glucose levels were significantly higher with the sucrose than with the starch diet.	Starch	98-104	insulin	Homo sapiens	14-21
511157-2	1979	GPT typing was performed by means of horizontal starch gel electrophoresis in a Tris-histidine x HCl buffer system.	Starch	48-54	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	0-3
396048-0	1979	[Nuclear insulin assay after a starch and maltose load in chronic diseases of the pancreas: a preliminary note (author"s transl)].	Starch	31-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
505554-7	1979	Six of the 12 g-6-PD deficient (screening) were found to be positive on starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	72-78	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	14-20
429875-2	1979	The G6PD genotype of the patients was determined by carrying out on lysates of their red blood cells quantitative assays of the enzyme and starch-gel electrophoresis.	Starch	139-145	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	4-8
507473-1	1979	The major urinary protein (Mup-complex) excreted in mouse urine, has been studied electrophoretically both on starch gel and on cellogel.	Starch	110-116	major urinary protein 21	Mus musculus	27-30
33163-4	1979	2) The hydrolyses of maltodextrin (DPn = 74.4) and soluble starch catalyzed by soybean beta-amylase were investigated in the pH range from 3.0 to 9.1 at 25 degrees C, and the Michaelis constant, Km, and the maximum velocity, V, for each substrate were determined at each pH.	Starch	59-65	beta-amylase	Glycine max	87-99
383915-4	1979	Starch granules of the double- and triple-mutants containing su1 and su2 were digested two to eight times faster than normal.	Starch	0-6	isoamylase 1, chloroplastic	Zea mays	61-64
383915-6	1979	Starch granules of the double- and triple-mutants containing wx were digested about two times faster than normal and those containing shrunken-2 (sh2) were digested 1.2 to eight times faster than normal.	Starch	0-6	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	134-144
738719-1	1978	"PGM1 subtyping" can be clearly demonstrated by horizontal electrophoresis in acid starch gel.	Starch	83-89	phosphoglucomutase 1	Homo sapiens	1-5
215071-2	1978	A method has been devised for the detection after starch-gel electrophoresis of phosphoglycolate phosphatase (PGP) isozymes.	Starch	50-56	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	80-108
215071-2	1978	A method has been devised for the detection after starch-gel electrophoresis of phosphoglycolate phosphatase (PGP) isozymes.	Starch	50-56	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Homo sapiens	110-113
743193-0	1978	Interaction of the opaque-2 gene with starch-forming mutant genes on the synthesis of zein in maize endosperm.	Starch	38-44	regulatory protein opaque-2	Zea mays	19-27
744872-7	1978	The transferrin "zone pair" of Pseudois migrated more slowly in starch-gel electrophoresis than do any of the known transferrin types in sheep and goats.	Starch	64-70	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: serotransferrin	Ovis aries	4-15
689684-1	1978	A starch gel electrophoretic procedure is described that resolves peptidase S (PEPS) as well as the peptidases A, B, and C in man-rodent, rodent-rodent, and primate-rodent interspecific somatic cell hybrids.	Starch	2-8	leucine aminopeptidase 3	Homo sapiens	66-77
689684-1	1978	A starch gel electrophoretic procedure is described that resolves peptidase S (PEPS) as well as the peptidases A, B, and C in man-rodent, rodent-rodent, and primate-rodent interspecific somatic cell hybrids.	Starch	2-8	leucine aminopeptidase 3	Homo sapiens	79-83
310304-1	1978	Multiple components of human alpha1-antitrypsin were separated by preparative starch gel electrophoresis, and the sialic acid contents of these components were determined.	Starch	78-84	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	29-47
684261-0	1978	Starch gel electrophoresis of erythrocyte hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase and adenine phosphoribosyl transferase: a population survey.	Starch	0-6	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	42-89
684261-0	1978	Starch gel electrophoresis of erythrocyte hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase and adenine phosphoribosyl transferase: a population survey.	Starch	0-6	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	94-128
684261-1	1978	Vertical starch gel electrophoresis of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) and adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT) was performed in several population groups including Caucasians, Negroes and Orientals.	Starch	9-15	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	39-86
684261-1	1978	Vertical starch gel electrophoresis of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) and adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT) was performed in several population groups including Caucasians, Negroes and Orientals.	Starch	9-15	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	88-93
684261-1	1978	Vertical starch gel electrophoresis of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) and adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT) was performed in several population groups including Caucasians, Negroes and Orientals.	Starch	9-15	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	135-139
349565-14	1978	Starch gel electrophoresis verified that the observed HGPRT activity in the transferents is due to the human enzyme.	Starch	0-6	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	54-59
6994494-1	1980	We describe a genetic polymorphism of human neutral alpha-glucosidase C, detected in lymphoid cells by a combination of starch gel electrophoresis and isoelectric focusing.	Starch	120-126	glucosidase alpha, neutral C	Homo sapiens	44-71
434773-1	1979	(1) A method for the starch gel electrophoresis of human fumarase has been devised which resolves two groups of isozymes: one group (FHM) is associated with the mitochondria, the other (FHS) is cytosolic.	Starch	21-27	fumarate hydratase	Homo sapiens	57-65
618819-1	1978	812 West Malaysian Orang Asli belonging to four ethnic groups were surveyed for adenosine deaminase (ADA; EC 3.5.4.4) using starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	124-130	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	80-99
618819-1	1978	812 West Malaysian Orang Asli belonging to four ethnic groups were surveyed for adenosine deaminase (ADA; EC 3.5.4.4) using starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	124-130	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	101-104
712436-4	1978	Starch granules of the bt1, bt2, o1 and sh2 mutants tended to be digested by amylases faster than those of normal maize.	Starch	0-6	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	40-43
712436-5	1978	Starch granules of double-mutant combinations with the o2 gene were, in general, digested to an extent very comparable to their respective non-opaque single mutant counterparts in each of their four inbred backgrounds.	Starch	0-6	regulatory protein opaque-2	Zea mays	55-57
588235-1	1977	Starch gel electrophoresis of extracts of Apis mellifera indicates that genetic variability exists for the enzyme cytoplasmic malate dehydrogenase (E.C.	Starch	0-6	NADP-dependent malic enzyme	Apis mellifera	126-146
144799-6	1977	The presence of the additional C5 cholinesterase type heterozygous for a variant cholinesterase on the E2 locus) was detected after starch gel electrophoresis, and the frequency was found to be raised in both groups.	Starch	132-138	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	34-48
912103-2	1977	The defective GPI is very thermolabile and migrates on starch gel electrophoresis as a single band with a mobility of 96% of the normal main band.	Starch	55-61	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	14-17
18196-2	1977	Human liver extracts show two major bands with aldehyde dehydrogenase (Aldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.2.1.3) activity via starch gel electrophoresis at pH 7.0.	Starch	126-132	thioredoxin reductase 1	Homo sapiens	85-99
925353-1	1977	PGM3 activity was investigated by means of horizontal starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	54-60	phosphoglucomutase 3	Sus scrofa	0-4
911942-7	1977	The anomeric configuration of glucose produced under the action of alpha-glucosidase on maltose and starch was determined using a kinetic method.	Starch	100-106	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	67-84
885551-1	1977	Six hundred individuals of pure Dutch ancestry have been typed for their erythrocyte phosphoglucose isomerase phenotypes by starch gel and cellulose acetate electrophoresis.	Starch	124-130	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	85-109
144799-6	1977	The presence of the additional C5 cholinesterase type heterozygous for a variant cholinesterase on the E2 locus) was detected after starch gel electrophoresis, and the frequency was found to be raised in both groups.	Starch	132-138	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	81-95
66916-1	1977	Human erythrocyte glyoxalase I has been subjected to starch gel electrophoresis, and its isoenzymatic forms have been visualized by a new positive staining procedure.	Starch	53-59	glyoxalase I	Homo sapiens	18-30
872429-1	1977	Starch gel electrophoresis of galactose-1-phosphate uridylyl transferase has been adapted for use on dried filter paper blood specimens submitted for the purposes of routine newborn screening for galactosemia and other inborn errors of metabolism.	Starch	0-6	galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase	Homo sapiens	30-72
842620-2	1977	High-fat and high-starch diets induced an opposite regulation of lipase and amylase in the rat pancreas.	Starch	18-24	lipase G, endothelial type	Rattus norvegicus	65-71
900579-1	1977	In this paper family studies are presented which support the hypothesis of polymorphism in the process controlling sialic acid binding to bovine transferrin which modifies its phenotype as seen in starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	197-203	serotransferrin	Bos taurus	145-156
849255-1	1977	A method for the starch gel electrophoresis of human L-glutamate dehydrogenase (GLUD) is described, as is the tissue distribution of GLUD detected by this method.	Starch	17-23	glutamate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	53-78
849255-1	1977	A method for the starch gel electrophoresis of human L-glutamate dehydrogenase (GLUD) is described, as is the tissue distribution of GLUD detected by this method.	Starch	17-23	glutamate dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	80-84
616784-2	1977	Genetic polymorphism of glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) was found in the erythrocytes of dogs of six Japanese breeds by using starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	128-134	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Canis lupus familiaris	24-51
616784-2	1977	Genetic polymorphism of glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) was found in the erythrocytes of dogs of six Japanese breeds by using starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	128-134	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Canis lupus familiaris	53-56
896090-4	1977	Starch refeeding decreased the responses of G6PD, ME, and FAS when compared to refeeding of glucose.	Starch	0-6	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	44-48
958125-0	1976	[Demonstration of glyoxalase I (EC 4.4.1.5) in starch gel electrophoresis].	Starch	47-53	glyoxalase I	Homo sapiens	18-30
825413-2	1976	The Amy4,6 strain has higher enzyme activity than Amy1 strain.-Maltose has the same nutritional value as starch.- The effect of starch in pure culture depends on the yeast level.	Starch	128-134	drug-responsive transcription factor PDR1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	50-54
825413-5	1976	The increase in percentage Amy4,6 with increasing starch must be due to selection on the amylase locus working by competition for food in the larval stage.	Starch	50-56	Amylase proximal	Drosophila melanogaster	89-96
1084234-2	1976	The mobility of the alpha1-antitrypsin zone was delayed on starch gel electrophoresis following incubation.	Starch	59-65	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	20-38
983351-1	1976	Esterase D phenotypes were determined in a population sample of Northern Germany (Schleswig-Holstein) by starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	105-111	esterase D	Homo sapiens	0-10
1249158-1	1976	A simple method for the isolation and purification of hemoglobin components from starch gel by electrophoresis is described.	Starch	81-87	hemoglobin	Solanum tuberosum	54-64
970673-1	1976	By menas of starch gel electrophoresis the polymorphism of the phospoglucomutase isozymes PGM1 has been investigated in cattle leucocytes.	Starch	12-18	phosphoglucomutase 1	Bos taurus	90-94
1275461-3	1976	It was shown that the aldolase and transketolase activity in the inactive mutant was higher on the starch medium as compared to the active strain, while the activity of pyruvate dekarboxylase was lower.	Starch	99-105	transketolase	Homo sapiens	35-48
1259704-1	1976	Starch gel electrophoresis of kidney catalase in inbred strains C3H and C57BL/6, their F1 hybrid, and first and second backcross generations demonstrated that single-component (type A) v. multiple-component (type B) electrophoretic patterns are controlled by a single locus.	Starch	0-6	catalase	Mus musculus	37-45
985736-4	1976	Analysis on starch gel electrophoresis revealed that not only the human homodimer, but also human-mouse heterodimer molecules, in cases of PGI and IDH, were precipitated.	Starch	12-18	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1	Mus musculus	139-142
985736-4	1976	Analysis on starch gel electrophoresis revealed that not only the human homodimer, but also human-mouse heterodimer molecules, in cases of PGI and IDH, were precipitated.	Starch	12-18	isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (NADP+), soluble	Mus musculus	147-150
133858-1	1976	Hereditary polymorphism of transferrin is studied by means of starch gel electrophoresis in a group of healthy inhabitants of Minsk (250 persons) and in a group of schizophrenic patients (128 persons).	Starch	62-68	transferrin	Homo sapiens	27-38
137829-1	1976	Hereditary polymorphism of haptoglobin is studied by means of starch gel electrophoresis in schizophrenic patients (200 persons) and in healthy people (154 persons), in habitants of Minsk.	Starch	62-68	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	27-38
53181-1	1975	The interaction between peroxidase (donor: hydrogenperoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.7) and human alpha2-macroglobulin has been studied by employing starch gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometric assay analysis.	Starch	150-156	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Homo sapiens	99-119
173184-9	1975	Heterozygotes (GALTG/GALTA) for GALT galactosemia were distinguished by family studies and starch gel electrophoresis from individuals who have half-normal RBC GALT activity due to the GALTD allele.	Starch	91-97	galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase	Homo sapiens	15-19
1174563-1	1975	Four heterozygotes for a fast alpha-chain variant in a Thai family were detected on starch gel electrophoresis during a survey study on iron deficiency anaemia in a rural area not far from Bangkok.	Starch	84-90	Fc gamma receptor and transporter	Homo sapiens	30-41
1180882-2	1975	ADH activity in the liver was, in fact, found to exist in two different cathodal zonal regions on starch gel electropherograms; the zone II bands appeared at day 5 of incubation in the quail embryo (day 6 in the hybrid embryo) and the zone I bands appeared in 9-day quail embryos (10-day hybrid embryos).	Starch	98-104	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Gallus gallus	0-3
1219186-4	1975	The ceruloplasmin phenotypes in starch gel electrophoresis we observed were of the most common phenotype Cp BB in the patients as well as in the controls.	Starch	32-38	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	4-17
16659187-3	1975	Chromatographic analysis of reaction products as well as physicochemical characterization demonstrated that the activities from GA(3)-treated and nontreated tissue were comparable and that part of the activity was attributable to alpha-amylase.Concomitant with the increase in activity was the appearance of a number of starch-degrading bands, as evidenced by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.	Starch	320-326	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	230-243
4651254-0	1972	Starch gel electrophoresis of catalase and esterase isoenzymes from some Rhizobium and Agrobacterium spp.	Starch	0-6	catalase	Homo sapiens	30-38
235578-1	1975	Beta-casein from individual buffalo"s milk was found to be homogeneous by starch-gel electrophoresis.	Starch	74-80	casein beta	Bos taurus	0-11
972249-1	1976	The formal genetics of two variants of a 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase locus of the adult mosquito, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus, was analyzed by starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	151-157	CpipJ_CPIJ013021	Culex quinquefasciatus	41-73
1176154-1	1975	Experiments show that the GPT starch gel pattern of any given blood sample is fully reproducible, and that an individual"s GPT type is constant at least after the age of 1 month.	Starch	30-36	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	26-29
804170-5	1975	On starch gel electrophoresis, the patient"s enzyme migrated less anodally than normal beta-galactosidase A, both before and after treatment with neuraminidase.	Starch	3-9	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	146-159
4217353-0	1974	The metabolism of starch, glucose, amino acids, purines, pyrimidines and bacteria by three Epidinium spp.	Starch	18-24	histocompatibility minor 13	Homo sapiens	101-104
4455213-1	1974	Starch-gel electrophoresis of sheep heart aspartate aminotransferase was carried out over the range pH7.0-8.5.	Starch	0-6	aspartate aminotransferase, mitochondrial	Ovis aries	42-68
4454850-2	1974	C-reactive protein purified by electrophoresis in a starch block].	Starch	52-58	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	0-18
4420151-0	1974	[Esterase D polymorphism: demonstration by high-voltage, starch-gel electrophoresis and presentation of allele frequencies (author"s transl)].	Starch	57-63	esterase D	Homo sapiens	1-11
16658267-7	1973	The possible role of phosphorylase in starch synthesis could not be discounted.	Starch	38-44	Alpha-glucan phosphorylase, H isozyme	Zea mays	21-34
16658267-10	1973	The defective starch synthesis seen in this mutant could be due to the low activities of ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase and starch synthetase rather than the low activity of phosphorylase.	Starch	14-20	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	89-117
16658267-10	1973	The defective starch synthesis seen in this mutant could be due to the low activities of ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase and starch synthetase rather than the low activity of phosphorylase.	Starch	14-20	Alpha-glucan phosphorylase, H isozyme	Zea mays	104-117
4659574-0	1972	The effect of an N-methylcarbamate on esterases from snail, mouse and man studied by starch-gel electrophoresis.	Starch	85-91	snail family zinc finger 1	Mus musculus	53-58
5073693-0	1972	Starch-gel electrophoresis of four enzymes from human red blood cells: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, fructoaldolase, glyoxalase II and sorbitol dehydrogenase.	Starch	0-6	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	71-111
5073693-0	1972	Starch-gel electrophoresis of four enzymes from human red blood cells: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, fructoaldolase, glyoxalase II and sorbitol dehydrogenase.	Starch	0-6	hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase	Homo sapiens	129-142
5073693-0	1972	Starch-gel electrophoresis of four enzymes from human red blood cells: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, fructoaldolase, glyoxalase II and sorbitol dehydrogenase.	Starch	0-6	sorbitol dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	147-169
5047581-0	1972	[Separating the polymorphous enzymes glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT, E.C:2.6.1.2) and phosphoglucomutase (PGM 1 , E.C:2.7.5.1) by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis in one step].	Starch	147-153	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	37-68
5082096-0	1972	GPT, 6-PGD, PGM and AK phenotyping in one starch gel.	Starch	42-48	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	0-3
5047581-0	1972	[Separating the polymorphous enzymes glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT, E.C:2.6.1.2) and phosphoglucomutase (PGM 1 , E.C:2.7.5.1) by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis in one step].	Starch	147-153	phosphoglucomutase 1	Homo sapiens	112-117
24487637-7	1971	When mustard amylases were incubated with starch the pattern of products was similar to that produced by commercially available barley beta-amylase and not similar to that produced by Bacillus subtilis alpha-amylase.	Starch	42-48	1,4-alpha-D-glucan maltohydrolase	Hordeum vulgare	135-147
5139988-5	1971	In the absence of variant haemoglobins, myoglobin may be easily distinguished from normal haemoglobin by routine electrophoresis on paper, starch gel, or cellulose acetate at alkaline pH.	Starch	139-145	myoglobin	Homo sapiens	40-49
4105093-1	1971	By starch-gel electrophoresis and a specific staining technique, seven different molecular forms of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase have been demonstrated in supernatants from homogenates of rat and rabbit tissues.	Starch	3-9	phosphodiesterase 3A	Rattus norvegicus	100-135
5575053-0	1971	[Hydrolysis of starch for determining haptoglobin type].	Starch	15-21	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	38-49
5090460-0	1971	Lipoprotein lipase activity in the adipose tissue of rats fed sucrose or starch.	Starch	73-79	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	0-18
5127158-0	1971	Lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase activity in the plasma of rats fed sucrose or starch.	Starch	84-90	lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	0-37
4353906-2	1970	Sucrose and starch with mixed saturated and polyunsaturated fats.	Starch	12-18	chromosome 10 open reading frame 90	Homo sapiens	60-64
5524074-0	1970	Electrophoresis in starch gel of human serum cholinesterase.	Starch	19-25	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	45-59
5821727-2	1969	Starch-gel electrophoretograms of myosin and tropomyosin preparations in 8m-urea, from longissimus dorsi and psoas muscles of the pig, were characterized by laser densitometry.	Starch	0-6	myosin X	Sus scrofa	34-40
16657157-5	1969	The low levels of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase activity in the maize mutants correlate well with the low levels of starch found in the endosperm of these mutants.	Starch	116-122	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	18-47
16591725-1	1969	The isozymes of malic dehydrogenase (MDH) of maize have been separated by starch gel zone electrophoresis.	Starch	74-80	malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic	Zea mays	16-35
5784224-2	1969	Evidence based on starch gel electrophoresis and different responses of the subcellular fractions to heat inactivation suggested the existence of more than one enzyme responsible for the NADH-MTT oxido-reductase activity.	Starch	18-24	thioredoxin reductase 1	Homo sapiens	196-211
4967811-0	1968	Resolution of two high-Km ATP:D-hexose 6-phosphotransferase bands by starch-gel electrophoresis.	Starch	69-75	hexokinase 3	Homo sapiens	26-59
16591725-1	1969	The isozymes of malic dehydrogenase (MDH) of maize have been separated by starch gel zone electrophoresis.	Starch	74-80	malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic	Zea mays	37-40
4383736-1	1968	The electrophoretic mobility of hexokinase from human erythrocytes and other tissues was studied with a new method that depends on the fluorescence of reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate for detecting enzyme activity on starch gel.	Starch	236-242	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	32-42
6048168-0	1967	Stabilization of serum cholinesterase in dried starch gel.	Starch	47-53	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	23-37
5661702-0	1968	Heterogeneity of serum gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in different internal diseases studied by starch gel electrophoresis and Sephadex filtration.	Starch	95-101	inactive glutathione hydrolase 2	Homo sapiens	23-52
6038170-1	1967	Starch-gel electrophoresis patterns of malate dehydrogenase from human tissue indicate a new genetic polymorphism for the mitochondrial form of the enzyme.	Starch	0-6	malic enzyme 2	Homo sapiens	39-59
5615061-0	1967	[Identification of insulin fractions in water solutions by starch-gel electrophoresis method].	Starch	59-65	insulin	Homo sapiens	19-26
4382273-0	1967	Preparation of starch gel zymograms: peroxide-producing enzymes and ceruloplasmin.	Starch	15-21	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	68-81
5967026-0	1966	Starch gel electrophoretic patterns of murine transferrin.	Starch	0-6	transferrin	Mus musculus	46-57
5921375-1	1966	A specific method for starch-gel electrophoresis of galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase has been developed.	Starch	22-28	galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase	Homo sapiens	52-91
5989802-0	1966	[Determining haptoglobin types in liquid blood in starch gel horizontal electrophoresis].	Starch	50-56	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	13-24
5917092-1	1966	The normal serum alpha(1)-antitrypsin migrates as a three banded patternwhen separated electrophoretically in starch gel with a sodium acetateethylenediaminetetraacetic acid buffer of pH 4.95.	Starch	110-116	serpin family A member 1	Homo sapiens	17-37
5971006-5	1966	Starch gel electrophoresis of horse serum that was used to supplement the basal medium revealed a decrease of both alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein and alpha(2)-macroglobulin during the cultivation of mouse embryo cells.	Starch	0-6	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Mus musculus	146-168
5917551-1	1966	Starch-gel electrophoresis of extracts of human liver revealed the presence of a new hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase that was slower-moving at pH 8.6 than the sex-linked glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.	Starch	0-6	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	171-204
17775167-1	1966	A deficiency of the normally prominent alkaline phosphatase zone (by starch-gel electrophoresis) has been discovered in a newly investigated laboratory strain of Drosophila melonogaster.	Starch	69-75	Alkaline phosphatase 4	Drosophila melanogaster	39-59
4960794-7	1966	A single band of stained protein corresponding to the renin activity was present on starch-gel electrophoresis in the final step and a single precipitin line was obtained to this material with rabbit anti-(pig renin) serum.	Starch	84-90	renin	Sus scrofa	54-59
5950661-0	1966	A quantitative method for the determination of cholinesterase activity after starch-gel electrophoresis.	Starch	77-83	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	47-61
5944341-2	1966	Calorimetric determination of alpha-1,4 glucosidic linkage content in some starches and glycogens.	Starch	75-83	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	30-39
14292073-0	1965	IDENTIFICATION BY MEANS OF L-PHENYLALANINE INHIBITION OF INTESTINAL ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE COMPONENTS SEPARATED BY STARCH GEL ELECTROPHORESIS OF SERUM.	Starch	113-119	alkaline phosphatase, intestinal	Homo sapiens	57-88
4222654-0	1966	[Study of the distribution of haptoglobin types in the population of Haut-Languedoc by starch gel electrophoresis with 3 constant parameters].	Starch	87-93	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	30-41
5858029-1	1965	Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase specific to the erythrocytes of each of two wild hares found in Europe was discerned by starch-gel electrophoresis at pH 7.0 and pH 8.6.	Starch	122-128	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-33
14243435-0	1965	DETECTION OF CATALASE AFTER ELECTROPHORESIS OF HAEMOLYSATES ON STARCH GEL.	Starch	63-69	catalase	Homo sapiens	13-21
14212123-4	1964	A number of healthy individuals whose haptoglobin pattern appeared normal by starch gel electrophoresis were shown to possess a haptoglobin which could be distinguished immunologically from the common haptoglobin types.	Starch	77-83	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	128-139
14232540-0	1964	QUALITATIVE ESTIMATION OF ERYTHROCYTE CATALASE BY STARCH-GEL ELECTROPHORESIS.	Starch	50-56	catalase	Homo sapiens	38-46
14212123-4	1964	A number of healthy individuals whose haptoglobin pattern appeared normal by starch gel electrophoresis were shown to possess a haptoglobin which could be distinguished immunologically from the common haptoglobin types.	Starch	77-83	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	128-139
14057355-2	1963	Electrophoretic separations on starch gel show that Euglena grown on autotrophic medium has a malate dehydrogenase which is lacking in Euglena grown on heterotrophic medium.	Starch	31-37	malic enzyme 1	Homo sapiens	94-114
14223082-0	1964	LOCATION OF GLYCERALDEHYDE-3-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE IN STARCH-GELS.	Starch	56-62	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	12-52
14153883-0	1963	[HETEROGENEITY OF FERRITIN AND APOFERRITIN IN STARCH GEL ELECTROPHORESIS].	Starch	46-52	ferritin heavy chain 1	Homo sapiens	31-42
14112276-2	1963	The characteristic transferrin pattern of the infants by starch gel electrophoresis contained a single prominent iron-binding component accompanied by 4 faint, slower migrating components.	Starch	57-63	transferrin	Homo sapiens	19-30
13984966-0	1963	Starch-gel electrophoresis of malate dehydrogenase.	Starch	0-6	malic enzyme 1	Homo sapiens	30-50
13738819-0	1961	The Stuart-Prower factor: utilization of clotting factors obtained by starch-block electrophoresis for genetic evaluation.	Starch	70-76	coagulation factor X	Homo sapiens	4-24
14111874-0	1963	STARCH GEL ELECTROPHORESIS OF SERA FROM SOME MARINE ARTHROPODS: STUDIES ON THE HETEROGENEITY OF HEMOCYANIN AND ON A "CERULOPLASMIN-LIKE PROTEIN".	Starch	0-6	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	117-130
14027087-0	1963	[Quantitative analysis of a soluble anti-insulin insulin-serum complex using starch electrophoresis].	Starch	77-83	insulin	Homo sapiens	41-48
14027087-0	1963	[Quantitative analysis of a soluble anti-insulin insulin-serum complex using starch electrophoresis].	Starch	77-83	insulin	Homo sapiens	49-56
13941132-0	1962	[Use of starch gel electrophoresis in the identification of the cholinesterase present in human aqueous humor].	Starch	8-14	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	64-78
13732863-1	1961	Starch gel electrophoresis of human transferrin treated with neuraminidase revealed a pattern of five bands whose intensities varied with neuraminidase concentration.	Starch	0-6	transferrin	Homo sapiens	36-47
13732863-1	1961	Starch gel electrophoresis of human transferrin treated with neuraminidase revealed a pattern of five bands whose intensities varied with neuraminidase concentration.	Starch	0-6	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	61-74
13732863-1	1961	Starch gel electrophoresis of human transferrin treated with neuraminidase revealed a pattern of five bands whose intensities varied with neuraminidase concentration.	Starch	0-6	neuraminidase 1	Homo sapiens	138-151
13732863-2	1961	Sialic acid analysis after starch block electrophoresis suggested that the bands represented the stepwise removal of sialic acid from the transferrin molecule.	Starch	27-33	transferrin	Homo sapiens	138-149
13737545-0	1960	The use of urea-starch-gel electrophoresis in studies of reductive cleavage of an alpha 2-macroglobulin.	Starch	16-22	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Homo sapiens	82-103
13818289-1	1960	Evidence is given for the subfractionation by starch gel electrophoresis of human serum cholinesterase.	Starch	46-52	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	88-102
13198968-0	1954	[Studies on apyrase and phosphatase activities in potato tuber growing in various conditions according to maturing of tubers and their relation to formation of starch].	Starch	160-166	apyrase	Solanum tuberosum	12-19
13634080-0	1959	Localization of 5-nucleotidase and non-specific alkaline phosphatase by starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	72-78	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	16-30
13559420-0	1958	An analysis of human prothrombin by starch block electrophoresis.	Starch	36-42	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	21-32
13500671-0	1957	[Electrophoresis on starch gel in the study of haptoglobin].	Starch	20-26	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	47-58
13152091-0	1954	Zone electrophoresis of hypophyseal growth hormone (somatotropin) on starch.	Starch	69-75	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	52-64
13152091-0	1954	Zone electrophoresis of hypophyseal growth hormone (somatotropin) on starch.	Starch	69-75	growth hormone 1	Homo sapiens	36-50
20987574-0	1946	Starch reaction as aid in identification of causative agent of European blastomycosis.	Starch	0-6	activation induced cytidine deaminase	Homo sapiens	19-22
16748514-0	1949	Reducing-group production from starch by the action of alpha- and beta-amylases of barley malt.	Starch	31-37	1,4-alpha-D-glucan maltohydrolase	Hordeum vulgare	55-79
33714114-3	2021	Resistant starch (RS), soluble (SPAs) and cell-wall bound phenolic acids (CWBPAs) and antioxidant capacity were significantly higher in high-amylose corn pasta.	Starch	10-16	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	154-159
20294121-0	1947	Studies on reactions relating to carbohydrates and polysaccharides; effect of hot alkali on the nitrates of starch, amylose, and amylopectin.	Starch	108-114	alcohol dehydrogenase iron containing 1	Homo sapiens	78-81
33714114-5	2021	The structure of pasta prepared with process B was more homogeneous, whereas it was more compact in the case of process A, as shown by a lower starch susceptibility to alpha-amylase hydrolysis, higher beginning of gelatinization temperature and lower water absorption.	Starch	143-149	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	17-22
33548887-0	2021	In vitro digestibility of starches with different crystalline polymorphs at low alpha-amylase activity to substrate ratio.	Starch	26-34	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	80-93
33838808-1	2021	In this paper, polyvinyl alcohol/starch composite films with p-coumaric acid modified chitosan (P-CS) and chitosan nanoparticles (P-CSNPs) at different concentrations were successfully prepared.	Starch	33-39	PCS	Homo sapiens	96-100
33714222-6	2021	SS4 deficiency led to severe alterations in endosperm starch granule morphology.	Starch	54-60	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-3
1126343-13	1975	Starch-gel and polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis clearly revealed the heterogeneity of ovine kappa-casein.	Starch	0-6	kappa-casein	Ovis aries	94-106
34051021-3	2021	The analyses presented herein depict a scenario in which starch synthase 4 (SS4) provides the elongating activity necessary for the initiation of the starch granule.	Starch	57-63	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	76-79
34051021-5	2021	The functions of this group of polypeptides include providing suitable substrates (maltooligosaccharides) to SS4, the localization of the starch initiation machinery to the thylakoid membranes and facilitating the correct folding of SS4.	Starch	138-144	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	233-236
34004197-5	2021	XRD, SEM, and PLM micrographs showed structural losses in the starch granule.	Starch	62-68	FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 1	Homo sapiens	14-17
32918121-0	2021	Combined effect of starch and sucrose on carbonic anhydrase VI activity in saliva and biofilm of children with early childhood caries.	Starch	19-25	carbonic anhydrase 6	Homo sapiens	41-62
34000310-5	2021	The addition of NCF at 1.5% weight of starch increased the tensile strength (TS) and Young"s Modulus (YM), but decreased the elongation at break (EAB), oxygen permeability, and water vapor permeability of the CS films.	Starch	38-44	neutrophil cytosolic factor 4	Homo sapiens	16-19
33978737-3	2021	Amyrel reacts specifically on alpha-(1-4) glycosidic bonds of starch and related polymers but produces a complex mixture of maltooligosaccharides, in sharp contrast with canonical animal alpha-amylases.	Starch	62-68	amyrel	Drosophila melanogaster	0-6
32918121-2	2021	OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate whether combined exposure to starch and sucrose modifies the activity of carbonic anhydrase VI (CA VI) in saliva (Study 1) and biofilm (Study 2) of children with early childhood caries (ECC).	Starch	73-79	carbonic anhydrase 6	Homo sapiens	117-138
33548887-3	2021	Kinetic analyses showed that the Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) and the catalytic efficiency (kcat/Km) increased with increasing DG, indicative of the increasing affinity and catalytic efficiency of alpha-amylase with all three starch samples.	Starch	228-234	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	199-212
33548887-5	2021	From this study, we concluded that at low activity of alpha-amylase, DG is a major determinant for the binding affinity and catalytic efficiency of alpha-amylase to starch and in turn the digestion rate of starch.	Starch	165-171	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	54-67
33548887-5	2021	From this study, we concluded that at low activity of alpha-amylase, DG is a major determinant for the binding affinity and catalytic efficiency of alpha-amylase to starch and in turn the digestion rate of starch.	Starch	165-171	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	148-161
33548887-5	2021	From this study, we concluded that at low activity of alpha-amylase, DG is a major determinant for the binding affinity and catalytic efficiency of alpha-amylase to starch and in turn the digestion rate of starch.	Starch	206-212	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	54-67
33548887-5	2021	From this study, we concluded that at low activity of alpha-amylase, DG is a major determinant for the binding affinity and catalytic efficiency of alpha-amylase to starch and in turn the digestion rate of starch.	Starch	206-212	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	148-161
33685686-12	2021	High-starch diets decreased DM and NDF disappearance of both GH and SBH.	Starch	5-11	gamma-glutamyl hydrolase	Bos taurus	61-63
33915277-5	2021	The results revealed that starch-mediated Ag-NPs induced severe changes in the mRNA levels of toxicity (CYP1A and Hsp70) and inflammatory (TNF-alpha and TGF-beta) genes.	Starch	26-32	cytochrome P450 1A	Oreochromis niloticus	104-109
33915277-5	2021	The results revealed that starch-mediated Ag-NPs induced severe changes in the mRNA levels of toxicity (CYP1A and Hsp70) and inflammatory (TNF-alpha and TGF-beta) genes.	Starch	26-32	heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein	Oreochromis niloticus	114-119
33915277-5	2021	The results revealed that starch-mediated Ag-NPs induced severe changes in the mRNA levels of toxicity (CYP1A and Hsp70) and inflammatory (TNF-alpha and TGF-beta) genes.	Starch	26-32	protransforming growth factor alpha	Oreochromis niloticus	153-161
33922161-0	2021	Traditional and Non-Conventional Pasta-Making Processes: Effect on In Vitro Starch Digestibility.	Starch	76-82	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	33-38
33922161-1	2021	Pasta is a carbohydrate-rich food with a low glycemic index (GI) and is one of the main sources of slowly digestible starch (SDS).	Starch	117-123	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
33922161-3	2021	In this study, the bioaccessibility of starch in pasta made with BF-enriched semolina (BF pasta), or only with micronized debranned kernel (DK pasta), and a control pasta made with traditional semolina was evaluated by applying two different in vitro models.	Starch	39-45	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	49-54
33922161-5	2021	The amount of starch released during simulated gastrointestinal digestion was slightly lower, but not significantly different, for the control pasta than for both the BF and DK pasta.	Starch	14-20	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	143-148
33922161-5	2021	The amount of starch released during simulated gastrointestinal digestion was slightly lower, but not significantly different, for the control pasta than for both the BF and DK pasta.	Starch	14-20	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	177-182
33922161-6	2021	These results suggest that the presence of a higher amount of dietary fiber in BF pasta can affect the structure of the food matrix, interfering with the formation of the gluten network, water absorption, and starch granule accessibility, while micronization could enhance starch digestibility due to starch gelatinization.	Starch	209-215	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	82-87
33888762-6	2021	The hydration capacity of the starch was 132.2% while its gelatinization temperature was 65.7  C. Physical attributes of the bio-composite film, such as surface smoothness and tensile strength increased significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing keratin content, while its transparency and solubility showed significant (p < 0.05) decrease with increasing keratin level.	Starch	30-36	keratin	Gallus gallus	244-251
33888762-6	2021	The hydration capacity of the starch was 132.2% while its gelatinization temperature was 65.7  C. Physical attributes of the bio-composite film, such as surface smoothness and tensile strength increased significantly (p < 0.05) with increasing keratin content, while its transparency and solubility showed significant (p < 0.05) decrease with increasing keratin level.	Starch	30-36	keratin	Gallus gallus	354-361
33888762-8	2021	Based on the results obtained in this study, the addition of keratin to starch bio-composite showed remarkable improvement in mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and surface smoothness.	Starch	72-78	keratin	Gallus gallus	61-68
32918121-2	2021	OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate whether combined exposure to starch and sucrose modifies the activity of carbonic anhydrase VI (CA VI) in saliva (Study 1) and biofilm (Study 2) of children with early childhood caries (ECC).	Starch	73-79	carbonic anhydrase 6	Homo sapiens	140-145
32918121-11	2021	CONCLUSIONS: In saliva, exposure to starch and sucrose (isolated or combined) induced a reduction in CA VI activity in children with ECC.	Starch	36-42	carbonic anhydrase 6	Homo sapiens	101-106
32918121-1	2021	Exposure to starch and sucrose alters carbonic anhydrase VI activity in saliva and biofilm.	Starch	12-18	carbonic anhydrase 6	Homo sapiens	38-59
33872865-0	2021	Effect of ultrasonicated lupin flour and resistant starch (type 4) on the physical and chemical properties of pasta.	Starch	51-57	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	110-115
33875651-7	2021	During the middle of every infection day, diurnal epigenetic repression of CCA1 leads to rhythmically increased chlorophyll synthesis and starch metabolism in hybrids, effectively eliminating the immunity-growth heterosis trade-offs in hybrids.	Starch	138-144	CCA1	Homo sapiens	75-79
33897421-4	2021	Among chemoembolization interventions, TACE with degradable starch microspheres represents an alternative to conventional cTACE and DEB-TACE and it minimizes detrimental effects on tumour stromal microenvironment, guaranteeing a transient occlusion of tumour feeding arteries and avoiding VEGF overexpression.Between January 2015 and September 2020, 54 consecutive patients with early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma and Child-Pugh stage B, who had undergone DSM-TACE as a bridging therapy while awaiting liver transplantation, were eligible for the study.	Starch	60-66	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	289-293
33571997-0	2021	Arabidopsis WXR1/3 regulate transitory starch metabolism in young seedlingscorresponding to circadian rhythm.	Starch	39-45	root UVB sensitive protein (Protein of unknown function, DUF647)	Arabidopsis thaliana	12-18
33897422-4	2021	TACE with degradable starch microspheres represents an alternative to conventional TACE with lipiodol and TACE with drug-eluting beads, and it leads to transient arterial occlusion allowing lower activation of hypoxia-inducible factors and less release of vascular endothelial growth factor, a promoter of neoangiogenesis, tumor proliferation, and metastatic growth.	Starch	21-27	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	256-290
33571997-1	2021	Transitory starch is the portion of starch synthesized during the day in the chloroplast and usually used up for plant growth during the night.Here we found altered metabolism of transitory starch in the wxr1/wxr3(weak auxinresponse)mutants of Arabidopsis.WXR1/WXR3 are previously reported to regulate root growth of young seedling and affect auxin response mediated by auxin polar transport in Arabidopsis.	Starch	11-17	root UVB sensitive protein (Protein of unknown function, DUF647)	Arabidopsis thaliana	204-208
33571997-1	2021	Transitory starch is the portion of starch synthesized during the day in the chloroplast and usually used up for plant growth during the night.Here we found altered metabolism of transitory starch in the wxr1/wxr3(weak auxinresponse)mutants of Arabidopsis.WXR1/WXR3 are previously reported to regulate root growth of young seedling and affect auxin response mediated by auxin polar transport in Arabidopsis.	Starch	11-17	root UVB sensitive-like protein (Protein of unknown function, DUF647)	Arabidopsis thaliana	209-213
33571997-1	2021	Transitory starch is the portion of starch synthesized during the day in the chloroplast and usually used up for plant growth during the night.Here we found altered metabolism of transitory starch in the wxr1/wxr3(weak auxinresponse)mutants of Arabidopsis.WXR1/WXR3 are previously reported to regulate root growth of young seedling and affect auxin response mediated by auxin polar transport in Arabidopsis.	Starch	11-17	root UVB sensitive protein (Protein of unknown function, DUF647)	Arabidopsis thaliana	256-260
33571997-1	2021	Transitory starch is the portion of starch synthesized during the day in the chloroplast and usually used up for plant growth during the night.Here we found altered metabolism of transitory starch in the wxr1/wxr3(weak auxinresponse)mutants of Arabidopsis.WXR1/WXR3 are previously reported to regulate root growth of young seedling and affect auxin response mediated by auxin polar transport in Arabidopsis.	Starch	11-17	root UVB sensitive-like protein (Protein of unknown function, DUF647)	Arabidopsis thaliana	261-265
33571997-1	2021	Transitory starch is the portion of starch synthesized during the day in the chloroplast and usually used up for plant growth during the night.Here we found altered metabolism of transitory starch in the wxr1/wxr3(weak auxinresponse)mutants of Arabidopsis.WXR1/WXR3 are previously reported to regulate root growth of young seedling and affect auxin response mediated by auxin polar transport in Arabidopsis.	Starch	36-42	root UVB sensitive protein (Protein of unknown function, DUF647)	Arabidopsis thaliana	204-208
33571997-1	2021	Transitory starch is the portion of starch synthesized during the day in the chloroplast and usually used up for plant growth during the night.Here we found altered metabolism of transitory starch in the wxr1/wxr3(weak auxinresponse)mutants of Arabidopsis.WXR1/WXR3 are previously reported to regulate root growth of young seedling and affect auxin response mediated by auxin polar transport in Arabidopsis.	Starch	36-42	root UVB sensitive-like protein (Protein of unknown function, DUF647)	Arabidopsis thaliana	209-213
33571997-1	2021	Transitory starch is the portion of starch synthesized during the day in the chloroplast and usually used up for plant growth during the night.Here we found altered metabolism of transitory starch in the wxr1/wxr3(weak auxinresponse)mutants of Arabidopsis.WXR1/WXR3 are previously reported to regulate root growth of young seedling and affect auxin response mediated by auxin polar transport in Arabidopsis.	Starch	36-42	root UVB sensitive protein (Protein of unknown function, DUF647)	Arabidopsis thaliana	204-208
33571997-1	2021	Transitory starch is the portion of starch synthesized during the day in the chloroplast and usually used up for plant growth during the night.Here we found altered metabolism of transitory starch in the wxr1/wxr3(weak auxinresponse)mutants of Arabidopsis.WXR1/WXR3 are previously reported to regulate root growth of young seedling and affect auxin response mediated by auxin polar transport in Arabidopsis.	Starch	36-42	root UVB sensitive-like protein (Protein of unknown function, DUF647)	Arabidopsis thaliana	209-213
33571997-2	2021	In this study thewxr1/wxr3 mutants accumulated transitory starch in the cotyledon, young leaf and hypocotyl at end of night (EON).	Starch	58-64	root UVB sensitive-like protein (Protein of unknown function, DUF647)	Arabidopsis thaliana	22-26
33571997-4	2021	Grafting experiments proved that the WXRs in root were necessary for proper starch metabolism and plant growth.Other findings include that photosynthesis was inhibited, and the transcription level of DIN1 /DIN6 (Dark-Inducible 1/6) was reducedin wxr1/wxr3.	Starch	76-82	Rhodanese/Cell cycle control phosphatase superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	200-204
33571997-4	2021	Grafting experiments proved that the WXRs in root were necessary for proper starch metabolism and plant growth.Other findings include that photosynthesis was inhibited, and the transcription level of DIN1 /DIN6 (Dark-Inducible 1/6) was reducedin wxr1/wxr3.	Starch	76-82	glutamine-dependent asparagine synthase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	206-210
33571997-4	2021	Grafting experiments proved that the WXRs in root were necessary for proper starch metabolism and plant growth.Other findings include that photosynthesis was inhibited, and the transcription level of DIN1 /DIN6 (Dark-Inducible 1/6) was reducedin wxr1/wxr3.	Starch	76-82	Rhodanese/Cell cycle control phosphatase superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	212-230
33868337-10	2021	The total starch, protein, and lipid contents in transgenic plants were higher than those in wild-type plants, indicating that seed-specific expression of AtCYP85A2 improves both grain yield and quality in B. distachyon.	Starch	10-16	brassinosteroid-6-oxidase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	155-164
33024285-2	2021	For this study, we tested the hypothesis that higher fasting insulin, a marker for insulin resistance, would be related to diet patterns with a high proportion of carbohydrates, those with a high glycemic index, and those characterized by added sugar and processed starches.	Starch	265-273	insulin	Homo sapiens	61-68
33024285-2	2021	For this study, we tested the hypothesis that higher fasting insulin, a marker for insulin resistance, would be related to diet patterns with a high proportion of carbohydrates, those with a high glycemic index, and those characterized by added sugar and processed starches.	Starch	265-273	insulin	Homo sapiens	83-90
33690055-2	2021	However, endogenous amylase secretion in young broilers is suboptimal to completely digest dietary starch, so exogenous alpha-amylase supplementation may help increase starch digestibility.	Starch	168-174	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Glycine max	120-133
33690055-7	2021	Increasing the alpha-amylase dose linearly increased ileal digestibility of resistant starch (P < 0.05), and the effect on DM total tract retention was quadratic (P < 0.05).	Starch	86-92	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Glycine max	15-28
33690055-10	2021	The inclusion of exogenous alpha-amylase improves starch, DM, and energy utilization of corn-based and corn-soybean meal-based diets for broilers.	Starch	50-56	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Glycine max	27-40
33859657-14	2021	Gene expression and activity of Sucrose Synthase (SuSy) reaffirmed the detrimental impact of the stress on starch biosynthesis.	Starch	107-113	sucrose synthase	Solanum tuberosum	32-48
33166823-0	2021	The functionality of laccase- or peroxidase-treated potato flour: Role of interactions between protein and protein/starch.	Starch	115-121	suberization-associated anionic peroxidase	Solanum tuberosum	33-43
33377142-3	2021	In this study, we found that the cryptochrome 1a (CRY1a)-mediated blue light signal is critical for regulating starch accumulation by inducing starch degradation through the HY5 transcription factor in the chloroplasts in tomato.	Starch	111-117	cryptochrome 1	Solanum lycopersicum	33-48
33782506-10	2021	Metabolomics analysis of Arabidopsis plants ectopically expressing Prunus HXK3 genes revealed that content of several metabolites including phosphorylated sugars (G6P), starch and some metabolites associated with the TCA cycle were affected.	Starch	169-175	hexokinase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	74-78
33395539-2	2021	Starch is the major source of glucose in the human diet and can have diverse effects, depending on its rate and extent of digestion in the small intestine, on postprandial glycemic response, which over time is associated with blood glucose abnormalities, insulin sensitivity, and even appetitive response and food intake.	Starch	0-6	insulin	Homo sapiens	255-262
33377142-3	2021	In this study, we found that the cryptochrome 1a (CRY1a)-mediated blue light signal is critical for regulating starch accumulation by inducing starch degradation through the HY5 transcription factor in the chloroplasts in tomato.	Starch	111-117	cryptochrome 1	Solanum lycopersicum	50-55
33377142-3	2021	In this study, we found that the cryptochrome 1a (CRY1a)-mediated blue light signal is critical for regulating starch accumulation by inducing starch degradation through the HY5 transcription factor in the chloroplasts in tomato.	Starch	111-117	transcription factor HY5	Solanum lycopersicum	174-177
33377142-3	2021	In this study, we found that the cryptochrome 1a (CRY1a)-mediated blue light signal is critical for regulating starch accumulation by inducing starch degradation through the HY5 transcription factor in the chloroplasts in tomato.	Starch	143-149	cryptochrome 1	Solanum lycopersicum	33-48
33377142-3	2021	In this study, we found that the cryptochrome 1a (CRY1a)-mediated blue light signal is critical for regulating starch accumulation by inducing starch degradation through the HY5 transcription factor in the chloroplasts in tomato.	Starch	143-149	cryptochrome 1	Solanum lycopersicum	50-55
33377142-3	2021	In this study, we found that the cryptochrome 1a (CRY1a)-mediated blue light signal is critical for regulating starch accumulation by inducing starch degradation through the HY5 transcription factor in the chloroplasts in tomato.	Starch	143-149	transcription factor HY5	Solanum lycopersicum	174-177
33377142-4	2021	cry1a mutants and HY5-RNAi plants accumulated more starch and presented lower transcript levels of starch degradation-related genes in their leaves than did the wild-type (WT) plants.	Starch	51-57	transcription factor HY5	Solanum lycopersicum	18-21
33377142-4	2021	cry1a mutants and HY5-RNAi plants accumulated more starch and presented lower transcript levels of starch degradation-related genes in their leaves than did the wild-type (WT) plants.	Starch	99-105	cryptochrome 1	Solanum lycopersicum	0-5
33377142-4	2021	cry1a mutants and HY5-RNAi plants accumulated more starch and presented lower transcript levels of starch degradation-related genes in their leaves than did the wild-type (WT) plants.	Starch	99-105	transcription factor HY5	Solanum lycopersicum	18-21
33377142-5	2021	Blue light significantly induced the transcription of starch degradation-related genes in the wild-type and CRY1a- or HY5-overexpressing plants but had little effect in the cry1a and HY5-RNAi plants.	Starch	54-60	cryptochrome 1	Solanum lycopersicum	108-113
33377142-5	2021	Blue light significantly induced the transcription of starch degradation-related genes in the wild-type and CRY1a- or HY5-overexpressing plants but had little effect in the cry1a and HY5-RNAi plants.	Starch	54-60	transcription factor HY5	Solanum lycopersicum	118-121
33377142-6	2021	Dual-luciferase assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR revealed that HY5 could activate the starch degradation-related genes PWD, BAM1, BAM3, BAM8, MEX1 and DPE1 by directly binding to their promoters.	Starch	152-158	transcription factor HY5	Solanum lycopersicum	129-132
33377142-6	2021	Dual-luciferase assays, electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-qPCR revealed that HY5 could activate the starch degradation-related genes PWD, BAM1, BAM3, BAM8, MEX1 and DPE1 by directly binding to their promoters.	Starch	152-158	beta-amylase	Solanum lycopersicum	190-194
33377142-7	2021	Silencing of HY5 and these starch degradation-related genes in CRY1a-overexpressing plants led to increased accumulation of starch and decreased accumulation of soluble sugars.	Starch	27-33	cryptochrome 1	Solanum lycopersicum	63-68
33377142-7	2021	Silencing of HY5 and these starch degradation-related genes in CRY1a-overexpressing plants led to increased accumulation of starch and decreased accumulation of soluble sugars.	Starch	124-130	transcription factor HY5	Solanum lycopersicum	13-16
33377142-7	2021	Silencing of HY5 and these starch degradation-related genes in CRY1a-overexpressing plants led to increased accumulation of starch and decreased accumulation of soluble sugars.	Starch	124-130	cryptochrome 1	Solanum lycopersicum	63-68
33436256-1	2021	To determine the internal structure of barley starch without amylopectin isolation, whole starch was hydrolyzed using beta-amylase to remove the linear amylose and obtain beta-limit dextrins (beta-LDs).	Starch	90-96	1,4-alpha-D-glucan maltohydrolase	Hordeum vulgare	118-130
33450339-2	2021	In this paper, 1-buyl-3-methylimidazolium halide pre-plasticized corn starch (CS) was blended with PBS to prepare PBS/corn starch blend material modified by ionic liquid (PBS/CS-IL).	Starch	78-80	cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3	Homo sapiens	114-117
33450339-2	2021	In this paper, 1-buyl-3-methylimidazolium halide pre-plasticized corn starch (CS) was blended with PBS to prepare PBS/corn starch blend material modified by ionic liquid (PBS/CS-IL).	Starch	78-80	cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3	Homo sapiens	114-117
33450339-7	2021	The results of the tensile test showed that compared with the PBS/Starch blend without IL, the elongation at break of PBS/CS-IL increased from 22% to 93%.	Starch	122-124	cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3	Homo sapiens	62-65
33450339-7	2021	The results of the tensile test showed that compared with the PBS/Starch blend without IL, the elongation at break of PBS/CS-IL increased from 22% to 93%.	Starch	122-124	cholinergic receptor muscarinic 3	Homo sapiens	118-121
33455748-13	2021	Conversely, the highest GH and NEFA concentration observed in Saanen goats explain why they partitioned more energy of starch diets toward the mammary gland than to body reserves and justify the positive effect of high-starch diet in mid lactation.	Starch	119-125	somatotropin-like	Capra hircus	24-26
33638884-0	2021	Glucokinase is required for high-starch diet-induced beta cell mass expansion in mice.	Starch	33-39	glucokinase	Mus musculus	0-11
33462768-11	2021	Moreover, the overexpression of StDREB1 transcription factor seemed to have an effect on tuber quality in terms of dry matter, starch contents and reducing sugars in comparison to the WT tubers.	Starch	127-133	dehydration-responsive element-binding protein 2A-like	Solanum tuberosum	32-39
33571997-7	2021	In conclusion, this study reveals that the plastid protein WXR1/WXR3 play important roles in promoting transitory starch degradation for plant growth during the night, possibly through regulating ionic equilibrium in the root.	Starch	114-120	root UVB sensitive protein (Protein of unknown function, DUF647)	Arabidopsis thaliana	59-63
33571997-7	2021	In conclusion, this study reveals that the plastid protein WXR1/WXR3 play important roles in promoting transitory starch degradation for plant growth during the night, possibly through regulating ionic equilibrium in the root.	Starch	114-120	root UVB sensitive-like protein (Protein of unknown function, DUF647)	Arabidopsis thaliana	64-68
33563551-8	2021	In the high IPFD group, starch intake was negatively associated with fasting insulin and HOMA-beta in both the unadjusted (p < 0.001 both) and fully adjusted models (p < 0.001 both); and with HOMA-IR in the fully adjusted model (p < 0.001) only.	Starch	24-30	insulin	Homo sapiens	77-84
33638884-1	2021	AIMS/INTRODUCTION: We aimed to determine whether glucokinase is required for beta cell mass expansion induced by high-starch diet (HSTD)-feeding, as has been shown in its high-fat diet-induced expansion.	Starch	118-124	glucokinase	Mus musculus	49-60
33130853-7	2021	The hypomethylated beta-glucosidase 1 gene, involved in the starch degradation process, was up regulated in indica, resulting in improved starch to sucrose conversion under MD treatment.	Starch	60-66	beta-glucosidase 1	Oryza sativa Japonica Group	19-37
33650638-1	2021	Maltose, the major product of starch breakdown in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves, exits the chloroplast via the maltose transporter MEX1.	Starch	30-36	root cap 1 (RCP1)	Arabidopsis thaliana	143-147
33130853-7	2021	The hypomethylated beta-glucosidase 1 gene, involved in the starch degradation process, was up regulated in indica, resulting in improved starch to sucrose conversion under MD treatment.	Starch	138-144	beta-glucosidase 1	Oryza sativa Japonica Group	19-37
33130853-8	2021	Additionally, increased expression of MYBS1 transactivated gene of AMYC2/OsAMY2A in both indica and japonica, leading to enhanced starch degradation under MD.	Starch	130-136	alpha-amylase isozyme 2A	Oryza sativa Japonica Group	67-72
32822901-7	2021	The menthol content and encapsulation efficiency of beta-CD-MOF were 21.76% (w/w) and 22.54% (w/w) respectively, significantly higher than those of other reported solid materials, such as amylose, CD and V-type starch.	Starch	211-217	ACD shelterin complex subunit and telomerase recruitment factor	Homo sapiens	52-59
33427491-2	2022	alpha-Amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors have been shown to slow the release of glucose from starch and oligosaccharides, resulting in a delay of glucose absorption and a reduction in postprandial blood glucose levels.	Starch	99-105	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	18-35
33357882-1	2021	A novel core-shell starch-based nanoparticles (CSS NPs) with a "hard" starch core and a "soft" poly (methyl acrylate) (PMA) shell was prepared and incorporated into a PPC/PLA blend.	Starch	19-25	cytidine monophosphate N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase	Homo sapiens	47-50
33357882-1	2021	A novel core-shell starch-based nanoparticles (CSS NPs) with a "hard" starch core and a "soft" poly (methyl acrylate) (PMA) shell was prepared and incorporated into a PPC/PLA blend.	Starch	70-76	cytidine monophosphate N-acetylneuraminic acid synthetase	Homo sapiens	47-50
33547785-12	2022	Two thirds of intervention studies (50% dietary, such as using resistant starch) reported an increase of NRF2, NQO1, or HO-1.	Starch	73-79	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	105-109
33547785-12	2022	Two thirds of intervention studies (50% dietary, such as using resistant starch) reported an increase of NRF2, NQO1, or HO-1.	Starch	73-79	NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1	Homo sapiens	111-115
33547785-12	2022	Two thirds of intervention studies (50% dietary, such as using resistant starch) reported an increase of NRF2, NQO1, or HO-1.	Starch	73-79	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	120-124
33576408-4	2021	METHOD: Non-resistant (digestible) starch is hydrolysed to glucose and maltose by pancreatic alpha-amylase and amyloglucosidase at pH 6.0 with shaking or stirring at 37  C for 4 h. Sucrose, lactose, maltose and isomaltose are completely hydrolyzed by specific enzymes to their constituent monosaccharides, which are then measured using pure enzymes in a single reaction cuvette.	Starch	35-41	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	82-106
33175589-0	2021	Dietary adaptation to high starch involves increased relative abundance of sucrase-isomaltase and its mRNA in nestling house sparrows.	Starch	27-33	sucrase-isomaltase	Rattus norvegicus	75-93
33278988-2	2021	Cationic starches (CST) containing ammonium groups with the degree of substitution of 0.16 (CST1) and 0.69 (CST2) were successfully prepared from the reaction of low molar mass starch with (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl) ammonium chloride.	Starch	9-17	cystatin SN	Homo sapiens	92-96
33278988-2	2021	Cationic starches (CST) containing ammonium groups with the degree of substitution of 0.16 (CST1) and 0.69 (CST2) were successfully prepared from the reaction of low molar mass starch with (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl) ammonium chloride.	Starch	9-17	cystatin SA	Homo sapiens	108-112
33278988-2	2021	Cationic starches (CST) containing ammonium groups with the degree of substitution of 0.16 (CST1) and 0.69 (CST2) were successfully prepared from the reaction of low molar mass starch with (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl) ammonium chloride.	Starch	9-15	cystatin SN	Homo sapiens	92-96
33278988-2	2021	Cationic starches (CST) containing ammonium groups with the degree of substitution of 0.16 (CST1) and 0.69 (CST2) were successfully prepared from the reaction of low molar mass starch with (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl) ammonium chloride.	Starch	9-15	cystatin SA	Homo sapiens	108-112
33174217-6	2021	Starch (CS1) showed an unusual behaviour at >=5 wt%, where the friction coefficient decreased not only in the mixed regime but also in the boundary regime, probably due to the presence of the "ghost" granules, latter became entrained in the contact region.	Starch	0-6	myozenin 2	Homo sapiens	8-11
32710115-9	2021	Unexpectedly, over-expression of ZmOMT1 in rice negatively affected growth, CO2 assimilation rate, total free amino acid contents, TCA cycle metabolites, as well as sucrose and starch contents.	Starch	177-183	anthranilic acid methyltransferase 1	Zea mays	33-39
33444100-5	2021	It has been noted that the replacement of starch to 2% and 6% CP causes an increase in the molecular dynamics of water.	Starch	42-48	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	62-64
33505412-8	2020	Together these changes demonstrate an alteration in the carbon storage of cslf6 mutant grains in response to reduced MLG synthase capacity and a possible cross-regulation with starch synthesis which should be a focus in future work in composition of these grains.	Starch	176-182	probable mixed-linked glucan synthase 6	Brachypodium distachyon	74-79
33490099-2	2020	The aim was to examine the interaction between copy number variation in the salivary amylase gene AMY1 and starch intake.	Starch	107-113	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	98-102
33490099-6	2020	We observed a significant interaction between starch intake and AMY1 copies on insulin and HOMA-IR after adjusting for potential confounders (p < 0.05).	Starch	46-52	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	64-68
33490099-6	2020	We observed a significant interaction between starch intake and AMY1 copies on insulin and HOMA-IR after adjusting for potential confounders (p < 0.05).	Starch	46-52	insulin	Homo sapiens	79-86
33490099-7	2020	The inverse association between starch intake and insulin and HOMA-IR was stronger in the group with 10 or more copies (P trend < 0.001).	Starch	32-38	insulin	Homo sapiens	50-57
33490099-10	2020	Interventional studies are required to determine whether individuals with high AMY1 copy numbers may benefit from a high starch intake.	Starch	121-127	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	79-83
33141041-0	2021	Purification and characterization of thermostable alpha-amylase produced from Bacillus licheniformis So-B3 and its potential in hydrolyzing raw starch.	Starch	144-150	probable alpha-amylase 2	Malus domestica	50-63
33309365-12	2021	An average of 45% of absorbed EAA were from MCP, which varied among 6 EAA and was interactively affected by starch and RDP in diets.	Starch	108-114	membrane cofactor protein	Bos taurus	44-47
33141041-10	2021	In addition, alpha-amylase showed a good degradation rate for raw starch.	Starch	66-72	probable alpha-amylase 2	Malus domestica	13-26
32829809-2	2020	GPC analysis of debranched starches showed that the HAM starches (HAMSs) had shorter amylose chains and longer amylopectin chains than normal maize starch (NMS).	Starch	27-35	dull endosperm 1	Zea mays	52-55
32851964-1	2021	BACKGROUND: alpha-Glucosidase is a hydrolyze enzyme that plays a crucial role in degradation of carbohydrates and starch to glucose.	Starch	114-120	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	12-29
33323483-2	2020	The maize chloroplast-localized 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH), PGD3, is critical for endosperm starch accumulation.	Starch	106-112	6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating	Zea mays	74-78
33178343-6	2020	The ELF1-associated target genes were mainly enriched in the GO terms of molecular transducer activity, catalytic activity, cellular processes and response to sensitivity, and in the KEGG pathways of olfactory transduction, the chemokine signaling pathway, carbohydrate digestion and absorption, and starch and sucrose metabolism.	Starch	300-306	E74 like ETS transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	4-8
33244037-7	2020	Expression profile and functional enrichment analysis of DEGs found that some DEGs were significantly enriched in metabolic pathways related to salt tolerance, such as reduction-oxidation pathways, starch and sucrose metabolism.	Starch	198-204	delta 4-desaturase, sphingolipid 1	Homo sapiens	57-61
33244037-7	2020	Expression profile and functional enrichment analysis of DEGs found that some DEGs were significantly enriched in metabolic pathways related to salt tolerance, such as reduction-oxidation pathways, starch and sucrose metabolism.	Starch	198-204	delta 4-desaturase, sphingolipid 1	Homo sapiens	78-82
33350823-3	2021	Here, a 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme (GBE) was employed to reassemble alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6 glycosidic bonds in starch molecules.	Starch	119-125	glucan (1,4-alpha-), branching enzyme 1	Mus musculus	8-41
33291440-9	2020	Furthermore, our network analysis in mature adipocytes showed that the upregulated DEGs (differentially expressed genes) were related to regulation of lipolysis, PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) signaling, alcoholism, and toll-like receptor signaling, whereas the downregulated DEGs were overrepresented in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, focal adhesion, starch and sucrose metabolism, and nuclear receptors pathways.	Starch	380-386	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	162-166
33291440-9	2020	Furthermore, our network analysis in mature adipocytes showed that the upregulated DEGs (differentially expressed genes) were related to regulation of lipolysis, PPAR (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor) signaling, alcoholism, and toll-like receptor signaling, whereas the downregulated DEGs were overrepresented in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, focal adhesion, starch and sucrose metabolism, and nuclear receptors pathways.	Starch	380-386	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	168-210
32538137-20	2020	Thus, the hypothesis that high ratios of starch to fat in pelleted diets may impair starch digestibility and production performance in Eimeria-challenged broiler chickens was not verified.	Starch	84-90	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Gallus gallus	51-54
32436613-3	2020	Here, we characterized a novel naturally occurring maize mdh4-1 mutant, which produces small, opaque kernels and exhibits reduced starch but enhanced lysine content.	Starch	130-136	malate dehydrogenase, cytoplasmic	Zea mays	57-61
32791324-5	2020	CdS was well distributed in the starch matrix, and the absorption wavelength of this film was still located in the visible light region.	Starch	32-38	CDP-diacylglycerol synthase 1	Homo sapiens	0-3
32987076-2	2020	After modification, a series of obvious variations can be easily confirmed for the resulted starch phosphate carbamides (denoted as SPC) compared with that of NS, such as the introduction of new groups of CO, PO, P-O-C and P-O-H together with new elements of N and P in starch molecular structure unit confirmed in FT-IR and XPS analyses and the decreased crystallinity along with formed surface defect demonstrated in XRD and SEM measurements.	Starch	92-98	surfactant protein C	Homo sapiens	132-135
33084325-2	2020	By enzymatically reassembling alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6 glycosidic bonds in starch molecules, we have synthesized an innovative short-clustered maltodextrin (SCMD) which slowly releases glucose during digestion.	Starch	74-80	brain protein 1	Mus musculus	30-37
33084325-2	2020	By enzymatically reassembling alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6 glycosidic bonds in starch molecules, we have synthesized an innovative short-clustered maltodextrin (SCMD) which slowly releases glucose during digestion.	Starch	74-80	brain protein 1	Mus musculus	44-51
32900978-4	2020	Overexpressing WHY2 increased starch granule numbers in chloroplasts of pericarp cells, showing a partially dry, yellowing silique and early senescence leaves.	Starch	30-36	WHIRLY 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	15-19
32900978-5	2020	Accordingly, WHY2 protein could directly activate the expression of JMT and SAG29 (SWEET15) gene expression and repress SWEET11 gene expression in the nucleus, leading to alteration of starch accumulation and transport in pericarp cells.	Starch	185-191	WHIRLY 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	13-17
32900978-6	2020	In contrast, loss of WHY2 decreased starch and sugar content in pericarp cells but promoted starch accumulation in leaves and seeds.	Starch	36-42	WHIRLY 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	21-25
32900978-6	2020	In contrast, loss of WHY2 decreased starch and sugar content in pericarp cells but promoted starch accumulation in leaves and seeds.	Starch	92-98	WHIRLY 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	21-25
33142508-7	2020	There were linear and quadratic (P < 0.01) responses of increasing alpha-amylase supplementation on starch and energy digestibility at the PJ and AI.	Starch	100-106	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Glycine max	67-80
33142508-8	2020	The total tract digestibility of starch increased (P < 0.05) with increasing alpha-amylase supplementation.	Starch	33-39	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Glycine max	77-90
33142508-9	2020	Starch disappearance and digestible energy (kcal/kg) linearly increased (P < 0.01) with digesta flow from the AJ to PJ as dietary alpha-amylase supplementation increased.	Starch	0-6	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Glycine max	130-143
32718595-4	2020	The maximum swelling ratio (1000.0 %) was optimized at pH 10, 180 min and 25  C. The validity of NFe3O4@Zn(GA)/Starch-Hydrogel for adsorptive removal of Fluvastatin statin drug provided maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity 782.05 mg g-1.	Starch	111-117	nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 2	Homo sapiens	97-101
32492701-2	2020	Down-regulation of a tomato bell-like homeodomain 4 (SlBL4) resulted in a slightly darker green fruit phenotype and increased accumulation of starch, fructose and glucose.	Starch	142-148	homeobox protein ATH1	Solanum lycopersicum	53-58
32534085-5	2020	The starch nanoparticles formed from 2 mg mL-1 CMDBS and cationized DBS (CDBS) had particle sizes of 50 to 100 nm, as determined by transmission electron spectroscopy, and most nanoparticles were spherical in shape.	Starch	4-10	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	42-46
32575125-8	2020	The transgene-free homozygous mutants of Hvhpt and Hvhggt exhibited decreased grain size and weight, and the HvHGGT mutation led to a shrunken phenotype and significantly lower total starch content in grains.	Starch	183-189	Homogentisate geranylgeranyltransferase	Hordeum vulgare	109-115
32479935-0	2020	Tailoring assembly behavior of starches to control insulin release from layer-by-layer assembled colloidal particles.	Starch	31-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	51-58
32479935-2	2020	In this study, insulin (IN)-loaded nanoparticles with structured shell features were fabricated to investigate how the interactions of carboxymethyl starch (CMS) with spermine-modified starch (SS) influenced IN release properties of the particles (IN/CMS/SS/CMS) within the gastrointestinal tract (GIT).	Starch	149-155	insulin	Homo sapiens	15-22
32773307-10	2020	We also found that increasing dietary starch concentration increased serum ceruloplasmin activity, but serum haptoglobin concentration was not affected by dietary treatment.	Starch	38-44	ceruloplasmin and hephaestin like 1	Bos taurus	75-88
32599415-0	2020	Conditioning with slowly digestible starch diets in mice reduces jejunal alpha-glucosidase activity and glucogenesis from a digestible starch feeding.	Starch	36-42	sucrase isomaltase (alpha-glucosidase)	Mus musculus	73-90
32599415-1	2020	OBJECTIVES: Maltase-glucoamylase (Mgam) and sucrase-isomaltase (Si) are mucosal alpha-glucosidases required for the digestion of starch to glucose.	Starch	129-135	maltase-glucoamylase	Mus musculus	12-32
32599415-1	2020	OBJECTIVES: Maltase-glucoamylase (Mgam) and sucrase-isomaltase (Si) are mucosal alpha-glucosidases required for the digestion of starch to glucose.	Starch	129-135	maltase-glucoamylase	Mus musculus	34-38
32599415-5	2020	RESULTS: Conditioning of the small intestine with the slowly digestible starches for 7 d reduced jejunal alpha-glucosidase and sucrase activities, as well as glucose absorption for the slowly digestible starch slower group (P < 0.01).	Starch	72-80	sucrase isomaltase (alpha-glucosidase)	Mus musculus	105-122
32599415-5	2020	RESULTS: Conditioning of the small intestine with the slowly digestible starches for 7 d reduced jejunal alpha-glucosidase and sucrase activities, as well as glucose absorption for the slowly digestible starch slower group (P < 0.01).	Starch	72-78	sucrase isomaltase (alpha-glucosidase)	Mus musculus	105-122
32599415-8	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Decreased glucogenesis from a digestible starch feeding was found in mice conditioned on slowly digestible starch diets, suggesting that a dietary approach incorporating slowly digestible starches may change alpha-glucosidase activities to moderate glucose absorption rate.	Starch	54-60	sucrase isomaltase (alpha-glucosidase)	Mus musculus	221-238
32599415-8	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Decreased glucogenesis from a digestible starch feeding was found in mice conditioned on slowly digestible starch diets, suggesting that a dietary approach incorporating slowly digestible starches may change alpha-glucosidase activities to moderate glucose absorption rate.	Starch	120-126	sucrase isomaltase (alpha-glucosidase)	Mus musculus	221-238
32599415-8	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Decreased glucogenesis from a digestible starch feeding was found in mice conditioned on slowly digestible starch diets, suggesting that a dietary approach incorporating slowly digestible starches may change alpha-glucosidase activities to moderate glucose absorption rate.	Starch	201-209	sucrase isomaltase (alpha-glucosidase)	Mus musculus	221-238
32997985-4	2020	Root gravitropism is substantially decreased because of the reduction of amyloplast content in the root tip with decreased gene expression in PGM1 (a key starch biosynthesis gene), which may contribute to enhanced root hydrotropism under darkness.	Starch	154-160	phosphoglucomutase	Arabidopsis thaliana	142-146
32997985-5	2020	Furthermore, the starch-deficient mutant pgm1-1 exhibits greater hydrotropism compared with wild-type.	Starch	17-23	phosphoglucomutase	Arabidopsis thaliana	41-45
32405930-1	2020	PURPOSE: The salivary amylase gene (AMY1) copy number variation (CNV) is increased as a human adaptation to starch-enriched nutritional patterns.	Starch	108-114	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	36-40
32622595-1	2020	Both insulin and trans-10,cis-12 C18:2 (t10c12CLA) can be increased by high-starch diets; thus, it is difficult to determine whether insulin or t10c12CLA mediates nutrient partitioning toward body tissues during milk fat depression.	Starch	76-82	insulin	Bos taurus	5-12
32488892-1	2020	To understand the growth response to drought, we performed a proteomics study in the leaf growth zone of maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings and functionally characterized the role of starch biosynthesis in the regulation of growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant capacity, using the shrunken-2 mutant (sh2), defective in ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase.	Starch	178-184	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	297-300
32504839-3	2020	However, it remains unclear as to the potential degree and interactions among gut microbial communities, metabolic landscape, and the anti-diabetic effects of metformin and RS, especially for a novel type 3 resistant starch from Canna edulis (Ce-RS3).	Starch	217-223	ceramide synthase 3	Rattus norvegicus	243-249
32488892-4	2020	The sh2 mutant showed a reduced increase of starch levels under drought conditions, leading to soluble sugar starvation at the end of the night and correlating with an inhibition of leaf growth rates.	Starch	44-50	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	4-7
32152827-8	2020	Milk yield (kg/day) was higher (P < 0.05) in cows supplemented with starch supplements (4.7 for So; 4.9 for RP) compared with Cont (3.3).	Starch	68-74	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
32623092-7	2020	Aberrant BRI-1 delayed grain development, amylose synthesis and starch accumulation in the endosperm.	Starch	64-70	BRI1	Hordeum vulgare	9-14
32623092-9	2020	The BRI-1 mutation also altered amylopectin fine structure in both B- and C- type small starch granules, resulting in an increased fraction of short A-type glucan chains (<10 DP) and decreased fraction of B2 chains (25-36 DP) in genotypes carrying the BRI-1 mutation.	Starch	88-94	BRI1	Hordeum vulgare	4-9
32771157-7	2020	Physiological features including plant height, leaf length, thickness and size, the contents of chlorophyll, starch and MDA, and hexokinase activity were dramatically altered in SlHXK1-RNAi plants.	Starch	109-115	hexokinase	Solanum lycopersicum	178-184
32771157-10	2020	Taken together, our data demonstrate that SlHXK1 is a significant gene involved in leaf senescence and plant growth and development in tomato through affecting starch turnover.	Starch	160-166	hexokinase	Solanum lycopersicum	42-48
32784931-1	2020	beta-Cyclodextrin (beta-CD) is an oligosaccharide composed of seven units of D-(+)-glucopyranose joined by alpha-1,4 bonds, which is obtained from starch.	Starch	147-153	ACD shelterin complex subunit and telomerase recruitment factor	Homo sapiens	19-26
32521455-2	2020	Resistant starch 3 (RS3), as a starch resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis owing to its special structure, has a good effect on improving insulin resistance and reducing blood sugar in T2DM patients.	Starch	10-16	insulin	Homo sapiens	135-142
32521455-2	2020	Resistant starch 3 (RS3), as a starch resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis owing to its special structure, has a good effect on improving insulin resistance and reducing blood sugar in T2DM patients.	Starch	31-37	insulin	Homo sapiens	135-142
32342987-7	2020	The highest decreased expression pattern in SGLT1 was observed when cells treated with wheat starch + GTE + WSP (0.66-fold) compared to GTE or WSP treatment.	Starch	93-99	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Homo sapiens	44-49
32314532-7	2020	The serum enzyme activity of AMY1 and AMY2 was negatively associated with childhood obesity risk, and the association was restricted to kids eating medium/high amount of starch (Pinteraction = .004).	Starch	170-176	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	29-33
32471861-7	2020	Like SS4, SS5 has a conserved putative surface binding site for glucans and also interacts with MYOSIN-RESEMBLING CHLOROPLAST PROTEIN (MRC), a proposed structural protein influential in starch granule initiation.	Starch	186-192	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	5-8
32471861-7	2020	Like SS4, SS5 has a conserved putative surface binding site for glucans and also interacts with MYOSIN-RESEMBLING CHLOROPLAST PROTEIN (MRC), a proposed structural protein influential in starch granule initiation.	Starch	186-192	myosin	Arabidopsis thaliana	96-102
32647462-11	2020	Among the lpa lines, LPA-2-285 (57.83%) and UMI-447 (55.78%) had the highest average starch content.	Starch	85-91	inositol-tetrakisphosphate 1-kinase 1	Zea mays	21-26
32939177-0	2020	As(V) and As(III) sequestration by starch functionalized magnetite nanoparticles: influence of the synthesis route onto the trapping efficiency.	Starch	35-41	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	0-5
32939177-1	2020	We report the effect of the synthesis route of starch-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles (NPs) on their adsorption properties of As(V) and As(III) from aqueous solutions.	Starch	47-53	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	133-138
32939177-4	2020	The crystallites of starch-free MC NPs (14 nm) are smaller than the corresponding MOP (67 nm), which leads to higher As(V) sorption capacity of 0.3 mmol gFe -1 to compare with respect to 0.1 mmol gFe -1 for MOP at pH = 6.	Starch	20-26	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	117-122
32695825-7	2020	KEGG analysis shows that a total of 230 DEGs were mapped to 126 KEGG pathways and significantly enriched in the four pathways of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, starch and sucrose metabolism, insulin signalling pathways, and the biosynthesis of amino acids.	Starch	157-163	insulin	Gallus gallus	188-195
32598418-0	2020	Effect of cooking, 24 h cold storage, microwave reheating, and particle size on in vitro starch digestibility of dry and fresh pasta.	Starch	89-95	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	127-132
32194108-5	2020	Importantly, the Snon-peak interrogates the continuous reduction of amorphous starch molecules during the aging, SAXS parameters including alpha and d describe starch ordered aggregate structures with larger scale than 2 nm are fitted well with pseudo Avrami equation.	Starch	78-84	SKI like proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	17-21
32194108-5	2020	Importantly, the Snon-peak interrogates the continuous reduction of amorphous starch molecules during the aging, SAXS parameters including alpha and d describe starch ordered aggregate structures with larger scale than 2 nm are fitted well with pseudo Avrami equation.	Starch	160-166	SKI like proto-oncogene	Homo sapiens	17-21
32983222-5	2020	The level of glucose in seed was significantly elevated but that of starch was decreased in AtENO2 mutants compared to WT plants.	Starch	68-74	Enolase	Arabidopsis thaliana	92-98
32475589-0	2020	Effect of anion type on enzymatic hydrolysis of starch-(thermostable alpha-amylase)-calcium system in a low-moisture solid microenvironment of bioextrusion.	Starch	48-54	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	69-82
32344002-7	2020	In the end, in starch hydrolytic study, immobilized alpha-amylase exhibited higher hydrolytic potential towards corn, wheat and potato starch as compared to free form.	Starch	15-21	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	52-65
32160699-3	2020	The accumulation of the most toxic RDX degradation intermediate (MNX [hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine]) was significantly reduced by starch addition, suggesting improved RDX detoxification by the co-addition of RDX and starch.	Starch	148-154	keratin 86	Homo sapiens	65-68
32160699-3	2020	The accumulation of the most toxic RDX degradation intermediate (MNX [hexahydro-1-nitroso-3,5-dinitro-1,3,5-triazine]) was significantly reduced by starch addition, suggesting improved RDX detoxification by the co-addition of RDX and starch.	Starch	234-240	keratin 86	Homo sapiens	65-68
32322945-0	2020	Biocleaning of starch glues from textiles by means of alpha-amylase-based treatments.	Starch	15-21	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	54-67
32513104-4	2020	The mutation of SH1 caused more than 90% loss of sucrose synthase activity in sh1* endosperm, which resulted in a significant reduction in starch contents while a dramatic increase in soluble sugars.	Starch	139-145	sucrose synthase 1	Zea mays	16-19
32513104-4	2020	The mutation of SH1 caused more than 90% loss of sucrose synthase activity in sh1* endosperm, which resulted in a significant reduction in starch contents while a dramatic increase in soluble sugars.	Starch	139-145	sucrose synthase 1	Zea mays	78-81
32513104-8	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrated that SH1-mediated sucrose degradation is critical for maize kernel development and starch synthesis by regulating the flow of carbohydrates and maintaining the balance of osmotic potential.	Starch	121-127	sucrose synthase 1	Zea mays	43-46
32397251-6	2020	Compared to wild-type plants, when exposed to salt stress, Arabidopsis plants overexpressing SOS1 C-term showed improved salt tolerance, significantly reduced Na+ accumulation in leaves, reduced induction of the salt-responsive gene WRKY25, decreased soluble sugar, starch, and proline levels, less impaired inflorescence formation and increased biomass.	Starch	266-272	sodium proton exchanger, putative (NHX7) (SOS1)	Arabidopsis thaliana	93-97
32229121-6	2020	Starch content was higher for STA compared with LF1 and LF2 silage.	Starch	0-6	STA	Bos taurus	30-33
32343576-1	2020	Molecular mechanism of the blue color formation in an iodine-starch reaction is studied by employing the iodine-alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CD) complex as a practical model system that resembles the structural properties of the blue amylose-iodine complex.	Starch	61-67	ACD shelterin complex subunit and telomerase recruitment factor	Homo sapiens	132-140
32459282-4	2020	This study aimed to evaluate prebiotic resistant starch (RS) supplementation effects on IAA plasma levels and AhR mRNA expression in CKD patients on hemodialysis (HD).	Starch	49-55	aryl hydrocarbon receptor	Homo sapiens	110-113
32193789-2	2020	Biphasic starch granules are usually detected regionally in cereal endosperm lacking starch branching enzyme (SBE).	Starch	9-15	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	110-113
32255481-8	2020	Dietary HA-starch reduced (P < 0.05) overall ADG, relative weight of thyroid gland, cecal and colonic pH; but increased (P < 0.05) relative weight of colon; tended to increase (P = 0.062) serum T4 level.	Starch	11-17	ADG	Sus scrofa	45-48
32392772-0	2020	Improved Process to Obtain Nanofibrillated Cellulose (CNF) Reinforced Starch Films with Upgraded Mechanical Properties and Barrier Character.	Starch	70-76	NPHS1 adhesion molecule, nephrin	Homo sapiens	54-57
32392772-3	2020	In this work, an improved procedure to optimize the dispersability of CNF in a thermoplastic starch was put forward.	Starch	93-99	NPHS1 adhesion molecule, nephrin	Homo sapiens	70-73
32392772-6	2020	CNF was predispersed in the plasticizer before nanofibrillation and later on was included into starch, obtaining thin films.	Starch	95-101	NPHS1 adhesion molecule, nephrin	Homo sapiens	0-3
32392772-7	2020	The tensile strength of these CNF-starch composite films was 60% higher than the plain thermoplastic starch at a very low 0.36% w/w percentage of CNF.	Starch	34-40	NPHS1 adhesion molecule, nephrin	Homo sapiens	30-33
32392772-7	2020	The tensile strength of these CNF-starch composite films was 60% higher than the plain thermoplastic starch at a very low 0.36% w/w percentage of CNF.	Starch	34-40	NPHS1 adhesion molecule, nephrin	Homo sapiens	146-149
32100665-10	2020	In general, feeding higher starch diets to normal BCS cows during the first 50 DIM improved productive and reproductive performance of early-lactating dairy cows.	Starch	27-33	BCS	Bos taurus	50-53
32412562-0	2020	Analysis of kinetic parameters and mechanisms of nanocrystalline cellulose inhibition of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase in simulated digestion of starch.	Starch	151-157	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	89-102
32412562-0	2020	Analysis of kinetic parameters and mechanisms of nanocrystalline cellulose inhibition of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase in simulated digestion of starch.	Starch	151-157	neutral alpha-glucosidase AB-like	Solanum tuberosum	107-124
32412562-3	2020	Both the size and dose of NCC significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase by modulating the rate of hydrolysis of starch in the food model system lower than that of the control (no added fibre).	Starch	141-147	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	65-78
32412562-3	2020	Both the size and dose of NCC significantly (p < 0.05) inhibited alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase by modulating the rate of hydrolysis of starch in the food model system lower than that of the control (no added fibre).	Starch	141-147	neutral alpha-glucosidase AB-like	Solanum tuberosum	83-100
32334318-2	2020	This work aimed to prepare a novel hollow starch nanoparticles (HSNPs) from debranched waxy corn starch (DBS) via an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion templating method.	Starch	42-48	MCF.2 cell line derived transforming sequence like	Homo sapiens	105-108
32334318-5	2020	HSNPs with relative crystallinities of 16.9%-29.7% exhibited V-type or B + V-type structures, which indicated that DBS at low concentrations (0.5%-2.0%) could recrystallize and concomitantly form starch-lipid complexes around emulsion droplets.	Starch	196-202	MCF.2 cell line derived transforming sequence like	Homo sapiens	115-118
32293469-7	2020	Meta-analysis revealed that higher consumption of resistant starch caused a significant reduction in the interleukin 6 (weighted mean difference = - 1.11 pg/mL; 95% CI: - 1.72, - 0.5 pg/mL; P = < 0.001) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (weighted mean difference = - 2.19 pg/mL; 95% CI: - 3.49, - 0.9 pg/mL; P = 0.001) levels.	Starch	60-66	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	105-118
32293469-7	2020	Meta-analysis revealed that higher consumption of resistant starch caused a significant reduction in the interleukin 6 (weighted mean difference = - 1.11 pg/mL; 95% CI: - 1.72, - 0.5 pg/mL; P = < 0.001) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (weighted mean difference = - 2.19 pg/mL; 95% CI: - 3.49, - 0.9 pg/mL; P = 0.001) levels.	Starch	60-66	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	207-234
32280461-0	2020	High rumen degradable starch decreased goat milk fat via trans-10, cis-12 conjugated linoleic acid-mediated downregulation of lipogenesis genes, particularly, INSIG1.	Starch	22-28	insulin-induced gene 1 protein	Capra hircus	159-165
32059909-0	2020	pH-Responsive nanoparticles based on cholesterol/imidazole modified oxidized-starch for targeted anticancer drug delivery.	Starch	77-83	phenylalanine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	0-2
32088281-3	2020	alpha-Glucosidase, responsible for converting starch to monosaccharides, is a key therapeutic target for the management of T2D.	Starch	46-52	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
32265867-7	2020	Among these, KEGG pathways significantly enriched for differentially regulated genes included tryptophan metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, and carotenoid biosynthesis, supporting a role of GreA in the metabolic regulation of mycobacteria.	Starch	117-123	transcription elongation factor GreA	Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv	198-202
31911176-1	2020	The bio-nanocomposites of cationic starch (CS)/montmorillonite (MMT)/nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) were produced by solution casting method.	Starch	35-41	citrate synthase	Homo sapiens	43-45
32380646-3	2020	Storage protein activator (TaSPA), a member of the basic leucine zipper (bZIP) family, has been reported to activate glutenin genes and is correlated to starch synthesis related genes.	Starch	153-159	bZIP transcription factor RISBZ2	Triticum aestivum	27-32
32380646-5	2020	Compared with wild-type (WT) plants, the starch content was slightly reduced and starch granules exhibited a more polarized distribution in the TaSPA-B OE lines.	Starch	81-87	bZIP transcription factor RISBZ2	Triticum aestivum	144-149
32156109-2	2020	In this study, a robust and easy-to-use multienzymatic cascade reaction system of coimmobilized GA@GOx hybrid nanoflowers with a specific spatial distribution of enzymes by compartmentalization was constructed and applied to catalyze starch to gluconic acid in one pot.	Starch	234-240	hydroxyacid oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	99-102
32156109-7	2020	The final results indicated that the overall enzyme activity of the GA@GOx hybrid nanoflowers increased by 1.5 times, and the conversion efficiency was 92.12% within 80 min significantly superior to the free multienzyme system, which showed the outstanding conversion of starch into gluconic acid in one pot.	Starch	271-277	hydroxyacid oxidase 1	Homo sapiens	71-74
32156348-2	2020	ABP is a rich source of indigestible carbohydrates (18.5%) with fiber and resistant starch (RS) contents of 14.5% and 4.0%, respectively.	Starch	84-90	amine oxidase, copper containing 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
32159187-1	2020	BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of resistant starch (RS) enriched cookies supplementation on mRNA expression of nuclear transcription factors (nuclear erythroid 2-related factor, Nrf2; nuclear factor kappa-B, NF-kappaB), involved with inflammation and on uremic toxins levels produced by the gut microbiota in hemodialysis (HD) patients.	Starch	74-80	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	208-212
32159187-1	2020	BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of resistant starch (RS) enriched cookies supplementation on mRNA expression of nuclear transcription factors (nuclear erythroid 2-related factor, Nrf2; nuclear factor kappa-B, NF-kappaB), involved with inflammation and on uremic toxins levels produced by the gut microbiota in hemodialysis (HD) patients.	Starch	74-80	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	238-247
32210132-7	2020	Moreover, the plastid localization of alpha-amylase I-1 (AmyI-1)-a key enzyme involved in starch breakdown in plastids-was suppressed in the lacs9 mutant line.	Starch	90-96	long chain acyl-CoA synthetase 9	Arabidopsis thaliana	141-146
31952612-0	2020	Puff pastry-like chitosan/konjac glucomannan matrix with thrombin-occupied microporous starch particles as a composite for hemostasis.	Starch	87-93	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	57-65
31952612-2	2020	In this study, we produced a puff pastry-like chitosan/konjac glucomannan matrix loaded with thrombin-occupied microporous starch particles to initiate hemostasis.	Starch	123-129	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	93-101
31952612-4	2020	Thrombin was evenly and independently distributed on the microporous starch particles within the hierarchical system and served to accelerate hemostasis.	Starch	69-75	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	0-8
32091240-4	2021	Hex-Mn did not alter oral glucose tolerance test; however, it prevented hyperglycemia in oral sucrose and starch tolerance test in diabetic mice.	Starch	106-112	hematopoietically expressed homeobox	Mus musculus	0-3
32120234-3	2020	Purified alpha-amylase displayed starch-hydrolyzing activity, and whole-cell extracts of 156T-AM showed saccharifying activity for potato peel waste.	Starch	33-39	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	9-22
31494499-0	2020	A two-stage modification method using 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme lowers the in vitro digestibility of corn starch.	Starch	114-120	1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme 1	Homo sapiens	38-71
31912860-3	2020	Lupin is a novel food ingredient, rich in protein and fibre with negligible sugar and starch, which can be incorporated into various foods to reduce glycaemic load.	Starch	86-92	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic IIIA	Homo sapiens	0-5
31536111-2	2020	Previously, endosperm-specific overexpression of the HvCslF6 gene in hull-less barley resulted in high MLG and low starch content in mature grains.	Starch	115-121	CslF6	Hordeum vulgare	53-60
32024574-4	2020	Numerous nutritional factors have been shown to influence pancreatic alpha-amylase secretion with starch producing negative effects and casein, certain amino acids and dietary energy having positive effects.	Starch	98-104	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	58-82
31896257-1	2020	The physical structure of type 1 resistant starch (RS 1) could influence the metabolite production and stimulate the growth of specific bacteria in the human colon.	Starch	43-49	retinoschisin 1	Homo sapiens	51-55
31992181-8	2020	Some of these CNVRs overlapped with candidate genes such as MGAM and ADAMTS17 genes, which are related to starch digestion and body size, respectively.	Starch	106-112	maltase-glucoamylase	Bos taurus	60-64
31992181-8	2020	Some of these CNVRs overlapped with candidate genes such as MGAM and ADAMTS17 genes, which are related to starch digestion and body size, respectively.	Starch	106-112	ADAM metallopeptidase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 17	Bos taurus	69-77
30799629-2	2020	Starch digestion not only is related with food industrial applications such as brewing but also plays an important role in postprandial blood glucose level, and therefore insulin resistance.	Starch	0-6	insulin	Homo sapiens	171-178
30799629-6	2020	We can conclude that the retarded starch digestion in vitro by polyphenols results from inhibition of key digestive enzymes, including alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase, as well as from interactions between polyphenols and starch.	Starch	34-40	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	153-170
31358987-9	2020	Two of the eight genes, GRMZM2G391936 and GRMZM2G008263, are implicated in starch and sucrose metabolism, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites that are well known for playing a vital role in seed filling.	Starch	75-81	plastid ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase large subunit	Zea mays	24-37
31358987-9	2020	Two of the eight genes, GRMZM2G391936 and GRMZM2G008263, are implicated in starch and sucrose metabolism, and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites that are well known for playing a vital role in seed filling.	Starch	75-81	granule bound starch synthase IIa precursor	Zea mays	42-55
31558605-2	2019	Recently, some CE1 enzymes identified in metagenomics studies have been predicted to contain a family 48 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM48), a CBM family associated with starch binding.	Starch	171-177	carboxylesterase 1	Homo sapiens	15-18
31583558-0	2020	Degradable starch microspheres transarterial chemoembolization (DSMs-TACE) in patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC): long-term results from a single-center 137-patient cohort prospective study.	Starch	11-17	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17	Homo sapiens	69-73
31583558-1	2020	PURPOSE: To evaluate safety and efficacy of degradable starch microspheres (DSMs) TACE in a large clinical cohort of patients with unresectable HCC.	Starch	55-61	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17	Homo sapiens	82-86
31440809-11	2019	These data reveal that ZmNAC34 might function as an important regulator of starch synthesis, thus providing a new perspective on controlling seed yield and quality.	Starch	75-81	NAC transcription factor	Zea mays	23-30
31623796-0	2019	Comparative phosphoproteomic analysis of developing maize seeds suggests a pivotal role for enolase in promoting starch synthesis.	Starch	113-119	enolase	Zea mays	92-99
31623796-6	2019	It shows that starch synthesis and glycolysis in maize seeds utilize the same hexose phosphates pool coming from sorbitol and sucrose as carbon source, and phosphorylation of ZmENO1 are suggested to contribute to increase starch content, because it is positively related to seed starch content in different developmental stages and different lines, and the phosphor-mimic mutant (ZmENO1S43D) damaged its enzyme activity which is vital in glycolysis.	Starch	222-228	enolase 1	Zea mays	175-181
31623796-6	2019	It shows that starch synthesis and glycolysis in maize seeds utilize the same hexose phosphates pool coming from sorbitol and sucrose as carbon source, and phosphorylation of ZmENO1 are suggested to contribute to increase starch content, because it is positively related to seed starch content in different developmental stages and different lines, and the phosphor-mimic mutant (ZmENO1S43D) damaged its enzyme activity which is vital in glycolysis.	Starch	222-228	enolase 1	Zea mays	175-181
31603940-9	2019	Under the interaction of these genes, the total starch and amylopectin contents were significantly decreased in agp.L-B1 and agp.L-B1/ssIV-D mutants.	Starch	48-54	cytoskeleton associated protein 2	Homo sapiens	116-120
31369851-2	2019	The addition of CS could delay the hydrolysis of LS due to a increased level of slowly digestible starch (SDS).	Starch	98-104	citrate synthase	Homo sapiens	16-18
31500041-5	2019	The results showed that starch microsponges possessed a high BET surface area (85.45 m2/g) with spherical porous morphology with pore size &lt;200 nm.	Starch	24-30	delta/notch like EGF repeat containing	Homo sapiens	61-64
31440809-0	2019	A maize NAC transcription factor, ZmNAC34, negatively regulates starch synthesis in rice.	Starch	64-70	NAC transcription factor	Zea mays	34-41
31440809-1	2019	KEY MESSAGE: ZmNAC34 might function as an important regulator of starch synthesis by decreasing total starch accumulation and soluble sugar content and increasing amylose fractions.	Starch	65-71	NAC transcription factor	Zea mays	13-20
31440809-1	2019	KEY MESSAGE: ZmNAC34 might function as an important regulator of starch synthesis by decreasing total starch accumulation and soluble sugar content and increasing amylose fractions.	Starch	102-108	NAC transcription factor	Zea mays	13-20
31440809-5	2019	In this study, ZmNAC34, a NAC transcription factor related to starch synthesis, was screened based on transcriptome sequencing data.	Starch	62-68	NAC transcription factor	Zea mays	15-22
31440809-8	2019	Overexpression of ZmNAC34 in rice decreased total starch accumulation and soluble sugar content, while increased amylose fractions.	Starch	50-56	NAC transcription factor	Zea mays	18-25
31603940-9	2019	Under the interaction of these genes, the total starch and amylopectin contents were significantly decreased in agp.L-B1 and agp.L-B1/ssIV-D mutants.	Starch	48-54	cytoskeleton associated protein 2	Homo sapiens	129-133
31179846-4	2019	Meanwhile, the overexpression of AtWRI1 increased starch content in endosperm.	Starch	50-56	Integrase-type DNA-binding superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	33-39
31179846-5	2019	These results provide a new insight into the function of AtWRI1in monocot and make a previous basement for the study of the connection of fatty acids and starch synthesis in rice.	Starch	154-160	Integrase-type DNA-binding superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	57-63
31126454-3	2019	To interpret this result and identify useful peaks for starch quantification, standard starch and day 1 seedlings were hydrolyzed by alpha-amylase in vitro.	Starch	87-93	alpha-amylase	Vigna radiata	133-146
30902310-0	2019	Water-soluble vitamins for controlling starch digestion: Conformational scrambling and inhibition mechanism of human pancreatic alpha-amylase by ascorbic acid and folic acid.	Starch	39-45	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	117-141
31484452-8	2019	The KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) annotation of the differentially expressed genes indicated that main pathways affected were pentose and glucuronide interactions, starch and sucrose metabolism, retinol metabolism and PPAR signaling.	Starch	181-187	PPARA	Oryctolagus cuniculus	235-239
30616697-1	2019	Starch digestion in the small intestines of the dairy cow is low, to a large extent, due to a shortage of syntheses of alpha-amylase.	Starch	0-6	alpha amylase	Bos taurus	119-132
31343688-5	2019	The findings showed that resistant starch has the ability to attenuate acute postprandial responses when replacing rapidly digestible carbohydrate sources, but there is insufficient evidence to conclude that resistant starch can improve insulin resistance and/or sensitivity.	Starch	218-224	insulin	Homo sapiens	237-244
31254546-0	2019	Phylogenetic analysis reveals key residues in substrate hydrolysis in the isomaltase domain of sucrase-isomaltase and its role in starch digestion.	Starch	130-136	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	95-113
31254546-2	2019	Small intestinal breakdown of starch-derived substrates occurs through the mechanisms of small intestinal brush border enzymes, maltase-glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase.	Starch	30-36	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	128-148
31254546-2	2019	Small intestinal breakdown of starch-derived substrates occurs through the mechanisms of small intestinal brush border enzymes, maltase-glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase.	Starch	30-36	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	153-171
31113708-2	2019	Under the optimized working volume ratio of 1:4, starch concentration of 7 g L-1 and initial pH of 7.0, the highest H2 production of 1643.5 mL L-1 and lipid yield of 515.6 mg L-1 were achieved.	Starch	49-55	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-16	Homo sapiens	77-80
31113708-2	2019	Under the optimized working volume ratio of 1:4, starch concentration of 7 g L-1 and initial pH of 7.0, the highest H2 production of 1643.5 mL L-1 and lipid yield of 515.6 mg L-1 were achieved.	Starch	49-55	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-16	Homo sapiens	143-146
31113708-2	2019	Under the optimized working volume ratio of 1:4, starch concentration of 7 g L-1 and initial pH of 7.0, the highest H2 production of 1643.5 mL L-1 and lipid yield of 515.6 mg L-1 were achieved.	Starch	49-55	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-16	Homo sapiens	143-146
31301837-7	2019	Milk fat percentage was decreased in cows fed CM with 27% starch compared with cows fed CM with 21% starch and cows fed SBM with 27% starch.	Starch	58-64	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
31301837-7	2019	Milk fat percentage was decreased in cows fed CM with 27% starch compared with cows fed CM with 21% starch and cows fed SBM with 27% starch.	Starch	100-106	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
31301837-7	2019	Milk fat percentage was decreased in cows fed CM with 27% starch compared with cows fed CM with 21% starch and cows fed SBM with 27% starch.	Starch	100-106	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
31301837-9	2019	Milk urea nitrogen was least in cows fed CM with 27% starch compared with the other 3 diets.	Starch	53-59	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
31301837-10	2019	Cows fed diets with 27% starch produced 2.5 kg/d more milk and 1.9 kg/d more energy-corrected milk compared with cows fed 21% starch.	Starch	24-30	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	54-58
31301837-10	2019	Cows fed diets with 27% starch produced 2.5 kg/d more milk and 1.9 kg/d more energy-corrected milk compared with cows fed 21% starch.	Starch	24-30	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	94-98
31266901-0	2019	LIKE SEX4 1 Acts as a beta-Amylase-Binding Scaffold on Starch Granules during Starch Degradation.	Starch	55-61	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	5-9
31266901-0	2019	LIKE SEX4 1 Acts as a beta-Amylase-Binding Scaffold on Starch Granules during Starch Degradation.	Starch	78-84	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	5-9
31266901-3	2019	A glucan phosphatase family member, LIKE SEX4 1 (LSF1), binds starch and is required for normal starch degradation, but its exact role is unclear.	Starch	62-68	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	41-45
31266901-3	2019	A glucan phosphatase family member, LIKE SEX4 1 (LSF1), binds starch and is required for normal starch degradation, but its exact role is unclear.	Starch	62-68	like SEX4 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	49-53
31266901-3	2019	A glucan phosphatase family member, LIKE SEX4 1 (LSF1), binds starch and is required for normal starch degradation, but its exact role is unclear.	Starch	96-102	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	41-45
31266901-3	2019	A glucan phosphatase family member, LIKE SEX4 1 (LSF1), binds starch and is required for normal starch degradation, but its exact role is unclear.	Starch	96-102	like SEX4 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	49-53
31266901-6	2019	Furthermore, a variant of LSF1 mutated in the catalytic cysteine of the DSP domain complemented the starch-excess phenotype of the lsf1 mutant.	Starch	100-106	like SEX4 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	26-30
31266901-6	2019	Furthermore, a variant of LSF1 mutated in the catalytic cysteine of the DSP domain complemented the starch-excess phenotype of the lsf1 mutant.	Starch	100-106	like SEX4 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	131-135
31266901-7	2019	By contrast, a variant of LSF1 with mutations in the carbohydrate binding module did not complement lsf1 Thus, glucan binding, but not phosphatase activity, is required for the function of LSF1 in starch degradation.	Starch	197-203	like SEX4 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	26-30
31266901-7	2019	By contrast, a variant of LSF1 with mutations in the carbohydrate binding module did not complement lsf1 Thus, glucan binding, but not phosphatase activity, is required for the function of LSF1 in starch degradation.	Starch	197-203	like SEX4 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	189-193
31266901-9	2019	Nighttime maltose levels are reduced in lsf1, and genetic analysis indicated that the starch-excess phenotype of lsf1 is dependent on bam1 and bam3 We propose that LSF1 binds beta-amylases at the starch granule surface, thereby promoting starch degradation.	Starch	86-92	like SEX4 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	113-117
31266901-9	2019	Nighttime maltose levels are reduced in lsf1, and genetic analysis indicated that the starch-excess phenotype of lsf1 is dependent on bam1 and bam3 We propose that LSF1 binds beta-amylases at the starch granule surface, thereby promoting starch degradation.	Starch	86-92	beta-amylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	134-138
31266901-9	2019	Nighttime maltose levels are reduced in lsf1, and genetic analysis indicated that the starch-excess phenotype of lsf1 is dependent on bam1 and bam3 We propose that LSF1 binds beta-amylases at the starch granule surface, thereby promoting starch degradation.	Starch	86-92	Leucine-rich receptor-like protein kinase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	143-147
31266901-9	2019	Nighttime maltose levels are reduced in lsf1, and genetic analysis indicated that the starch-excess phenotype of lsf1 is dependent on bam1 and bam3 We propose that LSF1 binds beta-amylases at the starch granule surface, thereby promoting starch degradation.	Starch	86-92	like SEX4 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	164-168
31266901-9	2019	Nighttime maltose levels are reduced in lsf1, and genetic analysis indicated that the starch-excess phenotype of lsf1 is dependent on bam1 and bam3 We propose that LSF1 binds beta-amylases at the starch granule surface, thereby promoting starch degradation.	Starch	196-202	like SEX4 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	113-117
31266901-9	2019	Nighttime maltose levels are reduced in lsf1, and genetic analysis indicated that the starch-excess phenotype of lsf1 is dependent on bam1 and bam3 We propose that LSF1 binds beta-amylases at the starch granule surface, thereby promoting starch degradation.	Starch	196-202	like SEX4 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	164-168
31266901-9	2019	Nighttime maltose levels are reduced in lsf1, and genetic analysis indicated that the starch-excess phenotype of lsf1 is dependent on bam1 and bam3 We propose that LSF1 binds beta-amylases at the starch granule surface, thereby promoting starch degradation.	Starch	196-202	like SEX4 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	113-117
31266901-9	2019	Nighttime maltose levels are reduced in lsf1, and genetic analysis indicated that the starch-excess phenotype of lsf1 is dependent on bam1 and bam3 We propose that LSF1 binds beta-amylases at the starch granule surface, thereby promoting starch degradation.	Starch	196-202	like SEX4 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	164-168
31186142-6	2019	Comparison of the starch content in wild type (WT) and the ABA receptor quadruple mutant pyr1;pyl1;pyl2;pyl4 suggests that the stress-induced starch turnover change is also mediated by ABA-independent pathways.	Starch	18-24	Polyketide cyclase/dehydrase and lipid transport superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	89-93
31186142-8	2019	And the transcription levels of both starch biosynthesis enzymes (APL1 and APL3) and starch degradation enzymes (SEX1, SEX4, BAM1 and BAM3) exhibited differential increase under long-term stresses.	Starch	37-43	ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase large subunit 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	66-70
31186142-8	2019	And the transcription levels of both starch biosynthesis enzymes (APL1 and APL3) and starch degradation enzymes (SEX1, SEX4, BAM1 and BAM3) exhibited differential increase under long-term stresses.	Starch	37-43	Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	75-79
31186142-8	2019	And the transcription levels of both starch biosynthesis enzymes (APL1 and APL3) and starch degradation enzymes (SEX1, SEX4, BAM1 and BAM3) exhibited differential increase under long-term stresses.	Starch	37-43	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	113-117
31186142-8	2019	And the transcription levels of both starch biosynthesis enzymes (APL1 and APL3) and starch degradation enzymes (SEX1, SEX4, BAM1 and BAM3) exhibited differential increase under long-term stresses.	Starch	37-43	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	119-123
31186142-8	2019	And the transcription levels of both starch biosynthesis enzymes (APL1 and APL3) and starch degradation enzymes (SEX1, SEX4, BAM1 and BAM3) exhibited differential increase under long-term stresses.	Starch	37-43	beta-amylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	125-129
31186142-8	2019	And the transcription levels of both starch biosynthesis enzymes (APL1 and APL3) and starch degradation enzymes (SEX1, SEX4, BAM1 and BAM3) exhibited differential increase under long-term stresses.	Starch	37-43	Leucine-rich receptor-like protein kinase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	134-138
31186142-8	2019	And the transcription levels of both starch biosynthesis enzymes (APL1 and APL3) and starch degradation enzymes (SEX1, SEX4, BAM1 and BAM3) exhibited differential increase under long-term stresses.	Starch	85-91	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	113-117
31186142-8	2019	And the transcription levels of both starch biosynthesis enzymes (APL1 and APL3) and starch degradation enzymes (SEX1, SEX4, BAM1 and BAM3) exhibited differential increase under long-term stresses.	Starch	85-91	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	119-123
31186142-8	2019	And the transcription levels of both starch biosynthesis enzymes (APL1 and APL3) and starch degradation enzymes (SEX1, SEX4, BAM1 and BAM3) exhibited differential increase under long-term stresses.	Starch	85-91	beta-amylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	125-129
31186142-8	2019	And the transcription levels of both starch biosynthesis enzymes (APL1 and APL3) and starch degradation enzymes (SEX1, SEX4, BAM1 and BAM3) exhibited differential increase under long-term stresses.	Starch	85-91	Leucine-rich receptor-like protein kinase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	134-138
30902310-1	2019	The inhibition of human pancreatic alpha-amylase (HPA) enzyme activity can offer facile routes to ameliorate postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetes via control of starch digestion.	Starch	163-169	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	24-48
31243724-10	2019	Moreover, alpha-amylase-treated maize flour resulted in a significant enhancement of the desired properties of maize flour, such as resistant starch content, amylose, milk absorption capacity, and iodine and fatty acid complexing ability, and a reduction in swelling power, water binding, oil absorption capacity, and in vitro digestibility compared to untreated maize flour.	Starch	142-148	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	10-23
31026525-3	2019	Compared with the traditional starch-based wood adhesive, the water resistance of starch-based adhesive with NMA (SWA-N) was greatly improved to more than 1 MPa; this exceeds the Chinese standard by 40%.	Starch	30-36	RNA binding motif protein 12	Homo sapiens	114-119
31026525-3	2019	Compared with the traditional starch-based wood adhesive, the water resistance of starch-based adhesive with NMA (SWA-N) was greatly improved to more than 1 MPa; this exceeds the Chinese standard by 40%.	Starch	82-88	RNA binding motif protein 12	Homo sapiens	114-119
31309827-1	2019	The factors that determine the digestion rate of starches were revealed using different forms of starches and a mixture of alpha-amylase and amyloglucosidase.	Starch	49-57	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	123-136
31336652-5	2019	Enzyme deficiencies have been proposed to result in other food sensitivities including low amine oxidase activity resulting in histamine intolerance and sucrase-isomaltase deficiency resulting in reduced tolerance to sugars and starch.	Starch	228-234	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	153-171
31083314-1	2019	Long-term exposure to a high starch, low-protein diet (HSTD) induces body weight gain and hyperinsulinemia concomitantly with an increase in beta-cell mass (BCM) and pancreatic islets number in mice; however, the effect of short-term exposure to HSTD on BCM and islet number has not been elucidated.	Starch	29-35	tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 17	Mus musculus	157-160
31028868-3	2019	FTR is the main reductant for Trxs in chloroplasts, while the flavoprotein NTRC integrates NTR and Trx activity, and plays multiple roles in the Calvin cycle, the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP), anti-peroxidation, tetrapyrrole metabolism, ATP and starch synthesis, and photoperiodic regulation.	Starch	259-265	neurotensin receptor 1	Homo sapiens	75-78
31319458-2	2019	Mutants defective in ADG1 show severe growth retardation in day/night conditions but exhibit similar growth to wild type under continuous light, implying that starch plays an important role in supporting respiration, metabolism and growth at night.	Starch	159-165	ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	21-25
30975319-4	2019	In comparison to St-G, St-E and PACl used individually as well as St-G and St-E dosed after PACl, the combination of the starch-based coagulants fed before PACl showed higher turbidity removal efficiency, which featured not only less optimal doses of both inorganic and organic coagulants but also lower residual turbidity.	Starch	121-127	sulfotransferase family 1E member 1	Homo sapiens	75-79
31248128-1	2019	Salivary amylase (AMY1) is the most abundant enzyme in human saliva, responsible for the hydrolysis of alpha-1,4 glycosidic linkages that aids in the digestion of starch.	Starch	163-169	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	18-22
30875557-4	2019	Expression analysis of genes associated with defence and starch metabolism in developing grains showed maximum transcripts of HSP17 (in response to 0.25 kGy + HS) and AGPase (under 0.30 kGy), as compared to control.	Starch	57-63	17.5 kDa class II heat shock protein	Triticum aestivum	126-131
31028806-2	2019	Pullulanase, a typical debranching enzyme, specifically hydrolyzes alpha-1,6 glycosidic linkages in pullulan, starch and so on.	Starch	110-116	pullulanase	Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168	0-11
30948130-4	2019	Zwitterionic dialdehyde starch-based micelles (SB-DAS-VPBA) were synthesized via single electron transfer-living radical polymerization (SET-LRP).	Starch	24-30	LDL receptor related protein 1	Homo sapiens	141-144
31316533-3	2019	However, growth at high CO2, or disruption of starch metabolism can result in the GPT2 gene for a G6P/Pi translocator to be expressed presumably allowing G6P exchange across the chloroplast envelope.	Starch	46-52	glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate translocator 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	82-86
31242688-1	2019	Inhibition of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase by specified synthetic compounds during the digestion of starch helps control post-prandial hyperglycemia and could represent a potential therapy for type II diabetes mellitus.	Starch	107-113	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	32-49
30722855-4	2019	Saffron enrichment and oil addition slowed down the digestion of starch, thus, decreasing the glycemic index of pasta.	Starch	65-71	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	112-117
31168050-1	2019	BACKGROUND: The role of resistant starch (RS) in glucose, insulin, insulin resistance or sensitivity, and lipid parameters have been reported in several studies and remained controversial.	Starch	34-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	58-65
31168050-1	2019	BACKGROUND: The role of resistant starch (RS) in glucose, insulin, insulin resistance or sensitivity, and lipid parameters have been reported in several studies and remained controversial.	Starch	34-40	insulin	Homo sapiens	67-74
31110006-4	2019	We could show that ZmNAC128 and ZmNAC130 regulate the transcription of Bt2 and then reduce its protein level, a rate-limiting step in starch synthesis of maize endosperm.	Starch	134-140	Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase small subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic/cytosolic	Zea mays	71-74
30981483-2	2019	Feeding high amounts of starch and unsaturated fatty acids has been shown to reduce milk fat yield and composition, as well as alter ruminal biohydrogenation patterns.	Starch	24-30	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	84-88
30981157-4	2019	In this study, we demonstrate that an alpha-amylase gene StAmy23 is involved in starch breakdown and regulation of tuber dormancy.	Starch	80-86	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	38-51
30981157-4	2019	In this study, we demonstrate that an alpha-amylase gene StAmy23 is involved in starch breakdown and regulation of tuber dormancy.	Starch	80-86	alpha-amylase-like	Solanum tuberosum	57-64
31011719-8	2019	The digestion mechanism of the milled starch particle stabilized Pickering emulsions in the upper GI tract was well elucidated by the TIM-1 model.	Starch	38-44	Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 5	Homo sapiens	134-139
31083314-1	2019	Long-term exposure to a high starch, low-protein diet (HSTD) induces body weight gain and hyperinsulinemia concomitantly with an increase in beta-cell mass (BCM) and pancreatic islets number in mice; however, the effect of short-term exposure to HSTD on BCM and islet number has not been elucidated.	Starch	29-35	tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 17	Mus musculus	254-257
31083314-6	2019	These results suggest that a high-starch diet induces an increase in BCM in a manner independent of body weight gain, and that 2 weeks of NC feeding is sufficient for the reversal of the morphological changes induced in islets by HSTD feeding.	Starch	34-40	tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 17	Mus musculus	69-72
30735436-0	2019	Low-protein and methionine, high-starch diets increase energy intake and expenditure, increase FGF21, decrease IGF-1, and have little effect on adiposity in mice.	Starch	33-39	fibroblast growth factor 21	Mus musculus	95-100
31031791-0	2019	The DOF-Domain Transcription Factor ZmDOF36 Positively Regulates Starch Synthesis in Transgenic Maize.	Starch	65-71	Dof zinc finger protein PBF-like	Zea mays	36-43
31195706-2	2019	We have recognized an increased prevalence of sucrase-isomaltase (SI) gene variants in IBS patients, possibly rendering starch- and sucrose-intolerance.	Starch	120-126	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	46-64
31031791-6	2019	Overexpression of ZmDOF36 can increase starch content and decrease the contents of soluble sugars and reducing sugars.	Starch	39-45	Dof zinc finger protein PBF-like	Zea mays	18-25
31031791-8	2019	Furthermore, the expression levels of starch synthesis-related genes were up-regulated in ZmDOF36-expressing transgenic maize.	Starch	38-44	Dof zinc finger protein PBF-like	Zea mays	90-97
31031791-9	2019	ZmDOF36 was also shown to bind directly to the promoters of six starch biosynthesis genes, ZmAGPS1a, ZmAGPL1, ZmGBSSI, ZmSSIIa, ZmISA1, and ZmISA3 in yeast one-hybrid assays.	Starch	64-70	Dof zinc finger protein PBF-like	Zea mays	0-7
31031791-11	2019	Collectively, the results presented here suggest that ZmDOF36 acts as an important regulatory factor in starch synthesis, and could be helpful in devising strategies for modulating starch production in maize endosperm.	Starch	104-110	Dof zinc finger protein PBF-like	Zea mays	54-61
31031791-11	2019	Collectively, the results presented here suggest that ZmDOF36 acts as an important regulatory factor in starch synthesis, and could be helpful in devising strategies for modulating starch production in maize endosperm.	Starch	181-187	Dof zinc finger protein PBF-like	Zea mays	54-61
30632080-1	2019	In the present work, pasta enriched in different formulations by black mulberry extract in order to inhibit enzymes related to starch hydrolyzation.	Starch	127-133	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	21-26
30610943-1	2019	The objective of this study was to immobilize alpha-amylase in ultrafine polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers by electrolysis and to evaluate its stability at different temperatures and pHs using various starch substrates such as corn starch and germinated and ungerminated wheat starches.	Starch	198-204	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	46-59
30610943-7	2019	The enzymatic activity of alpha-amylase was tested on the different starch substrates; the activity was higher in the immobilized form than in the free form.	Starch	68-74	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	26-39
30908531-8	2019	The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database analysis showed that 130, 129 and 20 DEGs were respectively involved in starch and sucrose metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis.	Starch	132-138	WUB3	Triticum aestivum	201-210
30785140-0	2019	A novel electrochemical strategy based on porous 3D graphene-starch architecture and silver deposition for ultrasensitive detection of neuron-specific enolase.	Starch	61-67	enolase 2	Homo sapiens	135-158
30785140-2	2019	A greatly enhanced sensitive detection of NSE was achieved by using porous three-dimensional graphene-starch architecture (3D-GNS) modified on the immunosensor"s surface to construct a unique 3D immunoelectrode, which would greatly accelerate electron transfer and capture more protein molecules.	Starch	102-108	enolase 2	Homo sapiens	42-45
30996822-2	2019	MGAM, a therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes, is alpha-1,4-glucosidase and expressed in the intestine to catalyze starch digestion.	Starch	116-122	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	0-4
30915089-1	2019	Zea mays Brittle1-1 (ZmBT1-1) is an essential component of the starch biosynthetic machinery in maize endosperms, enabling ADPglucose transport from cytosol to amyloplast in exchange for AMP or ADP.	Starch	63-69	adenine nucleotide transporter BT1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic/mitochondrial	Zea mays	21-28
30915089-8	2019	Results presented here provide evidence that the reduced starch content in Zmbt1-1 endosperms is at least partly due to (i) mitochondrial dysfunction, (ii) enhanced CWI-mediated channeling of sucrose into ethanol and alanine metabolism, and (iii) reduced SuSy-mediated channeling of sucrose into starch metabolism due to the lack of mitochondrial ZmBT1-1.	Starch	57-63	adenine nucleotide transporter BT1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic/mitochondrial	Zea mays	75-82
30915089-8	2019	Results presented here provide evidence that the reduced starch content in Zmbt1-1 endosperms is at least partly due to (i) mitochondrial dysfunction, (ii) enhanced CWI-mediated channeling of sucrose into ethanol and alanine metabolism, and (iii) reduced SuSy-mediated channeling of sucrose into starch metabolism due to the lack of mitochondrial ZmBT1-1.	Starch	296-302	adenine nucleotide transporter BT1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic/mitochondrial	Zea mays	75-82
30171360-0	2019	TACE with degradable starch microspheres (DSM-TACE) as second-line treatment in HCC patients dismissing or ineligible for sorafenib.	Starch	21-27	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17	Homo sapiens	46-50
30171360-2	2019	The aim of our study was to evaluate safety, feasibility and effectiveness of transarterial chemoembolisation with degradable starch microspheres (DSM-TACE) in the treatment of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) dismissing or ineligible for multikinase-inhibitor chemotherapy administration (sorafenib) due to unbearable side effects or clinical contraindications.	Starch	126-132	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17	Homo sapiens	151-155
30396682-2	2019	In this work, a combined technique for the enhanced coagulation of this surface water was proposed and investigated using cationic grafted starch (St-G) and polyaluminum chloride (PACl) as co-coagulants, followed by a magnetic ion-exchange resin (MIER).	Starch	139-145	chromosome 6 open reading frame 15	Homo sapiens	147-151
30307037-9	2019	Additionally, SlWHY1 regulates the expression of the starch-degrading enzyme alpha-amylase (SlAMY3-L) and the starch synthesis-related enzyme isoamylase gene (SlISA2) in the nucleus, thus modulating the starch content in chloroplasts.	Starch	53-59	alpha-amylase	Solanum lycopersicum	77-90
30974084-3	2019	We relate microbiome diversity to CN variation of the AMY1 locus, which encodes salivary amylase, facilitating starch digestion.	Starch	111-117	amylase 1, salivary	Mus musculus	54-58
30974084-7	2019	High-AMY1-CN subjects had higher levels of salivary Porphyromonas; their gut microbiota had increased abundance of resistant starch-degrading microbes, produced higher levels of short-chain fatty acids, and drove higher adiposity when transferred to germ-free mice.	Starch	125-131	amylase 1, salivary	Mus musculus	5-9
30590818-4	2019	Down-regulation of CsSUS4 expression resulted in a decrease in SUS activity in conjunction with lower hexose, starch and cellulose contents in fruits, and led to an overall reduction in the size and weight of flowers and fruits.	Starch	110-116	sucrose synthase 5-like	Cucumis sativus	19-25
31015764-7	2019	The mechanisms involved in the abovementioned phenomena were that TNF-alpha knockout inhibited the citrate cycle and increased starch, sucrose, amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism.	Starch	127-133	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	66-75
30785201-4	2019	The strongest delta13C response to the pgm-induced starch deficiency was observed in N. sylvestris, with more negative delta13COM, delta13CR, and delta13C values for assimilates (i.e. sugars and starch) and organic acids (i.e. malate and citrate) in pgm mutants than in wild-type plants during a diel cycle.	Starch	51-57	phosphoglucomutase	Arabidopsis thaliana	39-42
30409636-0	2019	Enzymatic hydrolysis of native granular starches by a new beta-amylase from peanut (Arachis hypogaea).	Starch	40-48	beta-amylase	Glycine max	58-70
30409636-1	2019	The present work describes efficient hydrolysis of native starch by a novel beta-amylase from peanut (Arachis hypogaea).	Starch	58-64	beta-amylase	Glycine max	76-88
30409636-6	2019	Since the action of already known plant beta-amylases (sweet potato and soybean) on native starch granule is not very effective and requires gelatinization for maltose production, beta-amylase from peanut could be a useful alternative in the present endeavor.	Starch	91-97	beta-amylase	Glycine max	40-52
30535148-12	2019	Higher starch consumption was associated with higher AMCA and ACCA titers, which increased by 4.08% (0.8%-7.4%; P = 0.014) and 4.8% (0.7%-9.1%; P = 0.007), respectively, for each 10-g increase of dietary starch.	Starch	7-13	G protein-coupled receptor 3	Homo sapiens	62-66
30535148-12	2019	Higher starch consumption was associated with higher AMCA and ACCA titers, which increased by 4.08% (0.8%-7.4%; P = 0.014) and 4.8% (0.7%-9.1%; P = 0.007), respectively, for each 10-g increase of dietary starch.	Starch	204-210	G protein-coupled receptor 3	Homo sapiens	62-66
30535148-14	2019	CONCLUSIONS: Starch consumption correlated with positive antiglycan serology (ACCA and AMCA), suggesting that increased dietary starch intake may promote a specific immune response in patients with IBD.	Starch	13-19	G protein-coupled receptor 3	Homo sapiens	78-82
30891062-7	2019	Most of the functional categories altered by Gclc overexpression related to metabolism including Drug metabolism, Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, Glutathione metabolism, Starch and sucrose metabolism, Citrate cycle (TCA cycle), One carbon pool by folate.	Starch	184-190	Glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit	Drosophila melanogaster	45-49
30724193-1	2019	The inhibitory activity of soluble and insoluble starch (0-550 ppm/Brix) in factory raw sugars were investigated using simulated refinery carbonatation clarification reactions to underpin what causes the undesirable formation of CaCO3 crystal fines (&lt;=5 mum).	Starch	49-55	biogenesis of ribosomes BRX1	Homo sapiens	67-71
30819112-9	2019	Furthermore, we report that BAM4 - an important protein regulating Arabidopsis starch metabolism - is absent in many relevant starch-accumulating crop species, suggesting that starch degradation may be differently regulated between species.	Starch	79-85	beta-amylase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	28-32
30819112-9	2019	Furthermore, we report that BAM4 - an important protein regulating Arabidopsis starch metabolism - is absent in many relevant starch-accumulating crop species, suggesting that starch degradation may be differently regulated between species.	Starch	126-132	beta-amylase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	28-32
30819112-9	2019	Furthermore, we report that BAM4 - an important protein regulating Arabidopsis starch metabolism - is absent in many relevant starch-accumulating crop species, suggesting that starch degradation may be differently regulated between species.	Starch	126-132	beta-amylase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	28-32
30813492-0	2019	The Proteomic Analysis of Maize Endosperm Protein Enriched by Phos-tagtm Reveals the Phosphorylation of Brittle-2 Subunit of ADP-Glc Pyrophosphorylase in Starch Biosynthesis Process.	Starch	154-160	Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase small subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic/cytosolic	Zea mays	104-113
30372945-6	2019	PE resulted in a decrease in the starch susceptibility to alpha-amylase and promoted a remarkable reduction (P &lt; 0.05) in the fraction of rapidly digested starch.	Starch	33-39	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	58-71
30084544-9	2019	CONCLUSIONS: These results show that a high-starch diet increases BCM in an adenosine triphosphate-sensitive potassium channel-dependent manner, which is mediated through upregulation of cyclinD2 expression.	Starch	44-50	cyclin D2	Mus musculus	187-195
30399425-2	2019	To understand the effects of gene duplication on transcriptional regulation associated with environmental changes, we focused on the starch hydrolysis pathway, in which amylase enzymes together with maltase enzymes hydrolyze starch into glucose.	Starch	133-139	Amylase proximal	Drosophila melanogaster	169-176
30399425-2	2019	To understand the effects of gene duplication on transcriptional regulation associated with environmental changes, we focused on the starch hydrolysis pathway, in which amylase enzymes together with maltase enzymes hydrolyze starch into glucose.	Starch	133-139	Maltase A3	Drosophila melanogaster	199-206
30399425-2	2019	To understand the effects of gene duplication on transcriptional regulation associated with environmental changes, we focused on the starch hydrolysis pathway, in which amylase enzymes together with maltase enzymes hydrolyze starch into glucose.	Starch	225-231	Amylase proximal	Drosophila melanogaster	169-176
30399425-2	2019	To understand the effects of gene duplication on transcriptional regulation associated with environmental changes, we focused on the starch hydrolysis pathway, in which amylase enzymes together with maltase enzymes hydrolyze starch into glucose.	Starch	225-231	Maltase A3	Drosophila melanogaster	199-206
30781572-6	2019	Under these conditions, the maximum velocity of amylase and xylanase for starch and xylan hydrolysis was found to be 3.25 U mL-1 and 14.77 U mL-1, respectively.	Starch	73-79	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	124-145
30439421-2	2019	In the present work, we fabricated a new antibacterial complex of l-phenylalanine-oxidized starch-coordinated zinc (II) (l-Phe-OSt Zn (II)) by successive reactions of oxidization, Maillard and coordination.	Starch	91-97	dolichyl-diphosphooligosaccharide--protein glycosyltransferase non-catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	127-130
30372980-3	2019	Before its inactivation by the low gastric pH, salivary alpha-amylase released about 80% of the starch in bread and 30% of that in pasta, hydrolysing over half of it into oligosaccharides.	Starch	96-102	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	47-69
30746569-4	2019	The results showed that RhE and mixture with lactose or starch were not suitable for DC according to the values of IP, IPP, and IGC, which can be corrected by pregelatinized starch (P-STA).	Starch	174-180	GCY	Homo sapiens	184-187
30708952-0	2019	Degradation of Proteins and Starch by Combined Immobilization of Protease, alpha-Amylase and beta-Galactosidase on a Single Electrospun Nanofibrous Membrane.	Starch	28-34	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	93-111
30557678-1	2019	This study describes the preparation of free films of zein with and without acetylated high amylose maize starch (HAS) and their corresponding coated tablets as a novel approach to colonic drug delivery.	Starch	106-112	zein	Zea mays	54-58
30557678-2	2019	We hypothesise that the embedding of a digestible starch component within the inert zein would allow the film to remain intact until the large intestine is reached.	Starch	50-56	zein	Zea mays	84-88
30557678-9	2019	These data therefore support the potential use of zein-starch mixed films for colonic targeting purposes.	Starch	55-61	zein	Zea mays	50-54
30184255-4	2019	(a) Starch accumulation was slower in elf3 and prr7 prr9.	Starch	4-10	hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	38-42
30184255-4	2019	(a) Starch accumulation was slower in elf3 and prr7 prr9.	Starch	4-10	pseudo-response regulator 7	Arabidopsis thaliana	47-56
30184255-5	2019	It is proposed that ELF3 positively regulates starch accumulation.	Starch	46-52	hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	20-24
30658467-7	2019	Results further suggested that additional to its universal stress response role, HsfA2 also has specific roles in the physiological adaptation to spaceflight through cell wall remodeling, signal perception and transduction, and starch biosynthesis.	Starch	228-234	heat shock transcription factor A2	Arabidopsis thaliana	81-86
30558146-6	2018	It was further observed that much lower levels of sucrose and starch were accumulated in slsbpase mutant plants than their wild-type counterparts during the photoperiod.	Starch	62-68	chloroplast sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase	Solanum lycopersicum	89-97
30055112-2	2019	However, the soluble starch synthase 4 (SS4) appears to be a major component of this process since it is required to synthesize the correct number of starch granules in the chloroplasts of Arabidopsis thaliana plants.	Starch	21-27	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	40-43
30055112-9	2019	Our results reveal the involvement of PII1 in the starch priming process in Arabidopsis leaves through interaction with SS4.	Starch	50-56	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	120-123
31429684-3	2019	Pullulanase type 1 and isoamylase act on alpha-1-6 linkage, amylase on alpha-1-4 linkage whereas pullulanase type 2 acts on both alpha-1-6, and alpha-1-4 linkages of starch.	Starch	166-172	immunoglobulin kappa variable 6D-41 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	144-153
30586356-4	2018	GPT1 transports glucose-6-phosphate (Glc6P) into plastids for starch and/or fatty acid biosynthesis depending on the plant species.	Starch	62-68	glucose 6-phosphate/phosphate translocator 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-4
30586356-4	2018	GPT1 transports glucose-6-phosphate (Glc6P) into plastids for starch and/or fatty acid biosynthesis depending on the plant species.	Starch	62-68	glucose 6-phosphate/phosphate translocator 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	26-35
30537606-8	2019	Starch decreased from November towards January in all four cultivars and the hydrolysis of starch by the beta-amylolytic pathway (BAM, DPE2) was identified in "Dagmar Hastrup" from November to January.	Starch	91-97	DNA polymerase epsilon 2, accessory subunit	Homo sapiens	135-139
29878511-4	2019	A series of Arabidopsis mutants in starch metabolism were used to explore the relationships between QQS expression, carbon and nitrogen partitioning, and defense.	Starch	35-41	qua-quine starch	Arabidopsis thaliana	100-103
30146467-5	2019	According to the BET results, in the presence of ultrasound and starch surface area increased from 9.5305 m2/g to 40.28 m2/g.	Starch	64-70	delta/notch like EGF repeat containing	Homo sapiens	17-20
30340690-4	2018	The sAA concentration levels were determined based on the detection of maltose produced by enzymatic hydrolysis of starch.	Starch	115-121	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	4-7
30219898-7	2018	Furthermore, SlARF10-overexpression lines displayed improved accumulation of starch, fructose, and sucrose in fruit, whilst SlARF10-RNAi lines showed decreased accumulation of starch and sucrose.	Starch	77-83	auxin response factor 10	Solanum lycopersicum	13-20
30282851-4	2018	It has been reported that the modified MP with D-sorbitol (S-MP) and the modified MP using the cellulose instead of starch (C-MP) have excellent physicochemical stability and better handling than original MP (O-MP).	Starch	116-122	matrilin 1, cartilage matrix protein	Mus musculus	124-128
30408275-4	2018	It is found that the hydrolysis depends on the morphology and composition of the starch granules by means of the action of alpha-amylase.	Starch	81-87	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	123-136
30408275-8	2018	The potato starch is more resistant to alpha-amylase than rice starch.	Starch	11-17	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	39-52
30219898-8	2018	Regulation of SlARF10 expression altered the expression of AGPase starch biosynthesis genes.	Starch	66-72	auxin response factor 10	Solanum lycopersicum	14-21
30152105-0	2018	Dietary Galacto-Oligosaccharides and Resistant Starch Protect Against Altered CB1 and 5-HT1A and 2A Receptor Densities in Rat Brain: Implications for Preventing Cognitive and Appetite Dysfunction During a High-Fat Diet.	Starch	47-53	cannabinoid receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
30455672-3	2018	Using anaerobic individual and co-cultures of R. bromii and R. gnavus grown on mucin or starch as sole carbon source, we showed that starch degradation by R. bromii supported the growth of R. gnavus whereas R. bromii did not benefit from mucin degradation by R. gnavus.	Starch	133-139	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	79-84
30455672-3	2018	Using anaerobic individual and co-cultures of R. bromii and R. gnavus grown on mucin or starch as sole carbon source, we showed that starch degradation by R. bromii supported the growth of R. gnavus whereas R. bromii did not benefit from mucin degradation by R. gnavus.	Starch	133-139	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	238-243
30152105-0	2018	Dietary Galacto-Oligosaccharides and Resistant Starch Protect Against Altered CB1 and 5-HT1A and 2A Receptor Densities in Rat Brain: Implications for Preventing Cognitive and Appetite Dysfunction During a High-Fat Diet.	Starch	47-53	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A	Rattus norvegicus	86-92
30062763-7	2018	Rather, the data suggest that AGPase-independent starch synthesis accounts for ~25% of endosperm starch.	Starch	97-103	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	30-36
30269298-4	2018	The Km and kcat values were 0.38 mg mL-1 and 70 s-1, respectively, using soluble starch as a substrate.	Starch	81-87	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	36-47
30062763-1	2018	Enzymological and starch analyses of various ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) null mutants point to fundamental differences in the pathways for starch synthesis in the maize leaf, embryo, ovary and endosperm.	Starch	150-156	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	45-74
30062763-1	2018	Enzymological and starch analyses of various ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) null mutants point to fundamental differences in the pathways for starch synthesis in the maize leaf, embryo, ovary and endosperm.	Starch	150-156	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	76-82
30062763-2	2018	Leaf starch is synthesized via the AGPase encoded by the small and large subunits shown previously to be expressed at abundant levels in the leaf, whereas more than one AGPase isoform functions in the embryo and in the ovary.	Starch	5-11	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	35-41
30062763-4	2018	AGPase encoded by shrunken-2 and brittle-2 synthesizes ~75% of endosperm starch.	Starch	73-79	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	0-6
30062763-7	2018	Rather, the data suggest that AGPase-independent starch synthesis accounts for ~25% of endosperm starch.	Starch	49-55	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	30-36
29784323-2	2018	Lipase, lipoxygenase, polyphenol oxidase, and peroxidase activities were decreased by up to 81%, 63%, 22%, and 34%, respectively, as the time of steaming increased up to 90 s. Steaming had no effect on starch and gluten properties.	Starch	202-208	peroxidase-like	Triticum aestivum	46-56
29964114-3	2018	The swelling of the PCL/starch mat was 240% higher compared to pristine PCL mat.	Starch	24-30	PHD finger protein 1	Homo sapiens	20-23
29732663-6	2018	Net conversion of soluble sugars to starch in the stem and roots occurred during the sap pressurisation period.	Starch	36-42	SH2 domain containing 1A	Homo sapiens	85-88
30214055-8	2018	The mutants that exhibited targeted mutagenesis in the GBSSI gene showed characteristics of low amylose starch in their tubers.	Starch	104-110	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	55-60
30010698-11	2018	Conclusions: 12 wk of supplementation with resistant starch reduced the inflammatory marker TNF-alpha and heart rate, but it did not significantly improve glycemic control and other cardiovascular disease risk factors, in adults with prediabetes.	Starch	53-59	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	92-101
30283470-1	2018	Starch synthase 2 (SS2) is an important enzyme in leaf starch synthesis, elongating intermediate-length glucan chains.	Starch	55-61	starch synthase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-17
30283470-1	2018	Starch synthase 2 (SS2) is an important enzyme in leaf starch synthesis, elongating intermediate-length glucan chains.	Starch	55-61	starch synthase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	19-22
30283470-2	2018	Loss of SS2 results in a distorted starch granule phenotype and altered physiochemical properties, highlighting its importance in starch biosynthesis, however, the post-translational regulation of SS2 is poorly understood.	Starch	35-41	starch synthase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	8-11
30283470-2	2018	Loss of SS2 results in a distorted starch granule phenotype and altered physiochemical properties, highlighting its importance in starch biosynthesis, however, the post-translational regulation of SS2 is poorly understood.	Starch	130-136	starch synthase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	8-11
30960902-2	2018	In this study, flexibility of PLA/starch (PSt) blend was enhanced using epoxidized palm oil (EPO) as the green plasticizer.	Starch	34-40	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	93-96
29327510-6	2018	Further, the detective ZmSTK1 or ZmSTK2 was associated with decreased activity of enolases and also reduced downstream metabolite contents, which enolases are involved in glycolytic pathway, such as phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), pyruvate, ADP/ATP, starch, glucose, sucrose and fructose.	Starch	245-251	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 2	Zea mays	220-223
30154813-2	2018	We recently reported that one of these enzymes, BAM2, is catalytically active in the presence of physiological levels of KCl, exhibits sigmoidal kinetics with a Hill coefficient of over 3, is tetrameric, has a putative secondary binding site (SBS) for starch, and is highly co-expressed with other starch metabolizing enzymes.	Starch	252-258	beta-amylase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	48-52
30154813-2	2018	We recently reported that one of these enzymes, BAM2, is catalytically active in the presence of physiological levels of KCl, exhibits sigmoidal kinetics with a Hill coefficient of over 3, is tetrameric, has a putative secondary binding site (SBS) for starch, and is highly co-expressed with other starch metabolizing enzymes.	Starch	298-304	beta-amylase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	48-52
30154813-11	2018	Mutating the serine in BAM2 to a glycine resulted in an enzyme with a VMax similar to that of the wild type enzyme but with a 7.5-fold lower KM for soluble starch.	Starch	156-162	beta-amylase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	23-27
30197583-0	2018	Repeated Transarterial Chemoembolization with Degradable Starch  : Microspheres (DSMs-TACE) of Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Prospective Pilot Study.	Starch	57-63	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17	Homo sapiens	86-90
29729336-6	2018	This enzyme has high hydrolysis rate toward corn, wheat and potato starch and hydrolyzes soluble starch to glucose, maltose, maltotriose and maltotetraose, indicating that the alpha-amylase represents a promising candidate for applications in the food industry.	Starch	67-73	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	176-189
30338311-0	2018	Substitution of Corn Starch with Resistant Starch Type 4 in a Breakfast Bar Decreases Postprandial Glucose and Insulin Responses: A Randomized, Controlled, Crossover Study.	Starch	21-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	111-118
30089626-9	2018	The strongest selected region encompasses two major candidate genes; COL11A-which regulates craniofacial and skull development and AMY2A, part of the amylase gene family which has previously been linked to adaptation to high-starch diets in humans and dogs.	Starch	225-231	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	131-136
31458945-4	2018	Compared to the composite paper with lignin or xylan as stabilizer and adhesive, CuS-NCs/starch/CNF paper showed the highest content and most uniform and continuous distribution of CuS-NCs, which not only enhanced the conductivity of composite paper to 10.12 S/cm but also increased the reaction rate constant on photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B to 0.317 min-1.	Starch	89-95	NPHS1 adhesion molecule, nephrin	Homo sapiens	96-99
29997239-3	2018	Here, we show that knocking out the peroxisome-located MALATE DEHYDROGENASE2 (MDH2) of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii results in dramatic alterations not only in peroxisomal fatty acid breakdown but also in chloroplast starch metabolism and photosynthesis.	Starch	214-220	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	55-76
29997239-3	2018	Here, we show that knocking out the peroxisome-located MALATE DEHYDROGENASE2 (MDH2) of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii results in dramatic alterations not only in peroxisomal fatty acid breakdown but also in chloroplast starch metabolism and photosynthesis.	Starch	214-220	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	78-82
30029590-9	2018	In addition, GO enrichment analysis indicated an altered expression of the genes related to starch and sucrose metabolism, retinol metabolism, anti-apoptosis (eg., BDNF and ADAM17) and response to endogenous stimulus.	Starch	92-98	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	164-168
30029590-9	2018	In addition, GO enrichment analysis indicated an altered expression of the genes related to starch and sucrose metabolism, retinol metabolism, anti-apoptosis (eg., BDNF and ADAM17) and response to endogenous stimulus.	Starch	92-98	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17	Homo sapiens	173-179
29863858-1	2018	This paper describes a new method to prepare spherulites from normal corn starch by a combination of enzymatic (mixtures of alpha-amylase and amyloglucosidase) and acid hydrolysis followed by recrystallization of the hydrolyzed products.	Starch	74-80	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	124-137
29679114-1	2018	Pancreatic alpha-amylase plays an important role in dietary starch hydrolysis in the small intestine and participates in enhanced glucose concentration after meals.	Starch	60-66	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	0-24
29393538-4	2018	The optimal dosages of beta-amylase used in maltose syrup production were 455.67 U g-1 starch and its application in maltose syrup production led to a 68.37% maltose content in maltose syrup, which was 11.2% and 28.9% higher than those using beta-amylases from soybean and microbe (P &lt; 0.01).	Starch	87-93	beta-amylase	Glycine max	23-35
29465310-1	2018	Dietary starch is finally converted to glucose for absorption by the small intestine mucosal alpha-glucosidases (sucrase-isomaltase [SI] and maltase-glucoamylase), and control of this process has health implications.	Starch	8-14	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	113-131
29465310-1	2018	Dietary starch is finally converted to glucose for absorption by the small intestine mucosal alpha-glucosidases (sucrase-isomaltase [SI] and maltase-glucoamylase), and control of this process has health implications.	Starch	8-14	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	141-161
30140765-1	2018	Pancreatic alpha-amylase (alpha-1, 4-glucan-4-glucanohydrolase, EC.3.2.1.1) plays a primary role in the intestinal digestion of feed starch and is often deficient in weanling pigs.	Starch	133-139	amylase, alpha 2A (pancreatic)	Sus scrofa	0-24
29409864-0	2018	Starch nanocapsules containing a novel neutrophil elastase inhibitor with improved pharmaceutical performance.	Starch	0-6	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	39-58
29409864-3	2018	In this context a promising novel synthetic human neutrophil elastase inhibitor (ER143) was associated to a starch-based nanoparticulate system (StNC) with improved pharmaceutical performance, using a quality by design approach to support product development and optimization.	Starch	108-114	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	50-69
29762369-1	2018	OBJECTIVES: Maltase-glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase are enzymes in the brush-border membrane of the small intestinal lumen responsible for the breakdown of postamylase starch polysaccharides to release monomeric glucose.	Starch	172-178	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	37-55
29762370-3	2018	Studies using a model of mice fed either a low-starch or a high-starch diet for 7 days, found the mRNA levels of SI, MGAM, and Na-glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) genes in the jejunum to be increased in parallel by feeding a high-starch diet.	Starch	47-53	maltase-glucoamylase	Mus musculus	117-121
29762370-3	2018	Studies using a model of mice fed either a low-starch or a high-starch diet for 7 days, found the mRNA levels of SI, MGAM, and Na-glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) genes in the jejunum to be increased in parallel by feeding a high-starch diet.	Starch	47-53	solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter), member 1	Mus musculus	153-158
29762370-3	2018	Studies using a model of mice fed either a low-starch or a high-starch diet for 7 days, found the mRNA levels of SI, MGAM, and Na-glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) genes in the jejunum to be increased in parallel by feeding a high-starch diet.	Starch	64-70	maltase-glucoamylase	Mus musculus	117-121
29762370-3	2018	Studies using a model of mice fed either a low-starch or a high-starch diet for 7 days, found the mRNA levels of SI, MGAM, and Na-glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) genes in the jejunum to be increased in parallel by feeding a high-starch diet.	Starch	64-70	solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter), member 1	Mus musculus	153-158
29762370-3	2018	Studies using a model of mice fed either a low-starch or a high-starch diet for 7 days, found the mRNA levels of SI, MGAM, and Na-glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) genes in the jejunum to be increased in parallel by feeding a high-starch diet.	Starch	64-70	maltase-glucoamylase	Mus musculus	117-121
29762370-3	2018	Studies using a model of mice fed either a low-starch or a high-starch diet for 7 days, found the mRNA levels of SI, MGAM, and Na-glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) genes in the jejunum to be increased in parallel by feeding a high-starch diet.	Starch	64-70	solute carrier family 5 (sodium/glucose cotransporter), member 1	Mus musculus	153-158
29762370-5	2018	Feeding rats a diet rich in resistant starch led to a concomitant reduction of mRNA levels of the MGAM gene and histone H3 modifications (acetylations and di-/tri-methylations) in the jejunum.	Starch	38-44	maltase-glucoamylase 2	Rattus norvegicus	98-102
29762374-4	2018	Starch digestion is affected by its susceptibility to alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase (maltase), and the susceptibility is determined by starch granule architecture and glucan structures, as well as the interaction between starch and other food components.	Starch	0-6	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	72-89
29762375-13	2018	Other sources of starch were mixed dishes, which contained grains like bread or pasta combined with other types of foods.	Starch	17-23	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	80-85
29762381-1	2018	BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESES: Human starch digestion is a multienzyme process involving 6 different enzymes: salivary and pancreatic alpha-amylase; sucrase and isomaltase (from sucrose-isomaltase [SI]), and maltase and glucoamylase (from maltase-glucoamylase [MGAM]).	Starch	33-39	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	119-143
29762381-1	2018	BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESES: Human starch digestion is a multienzyme process involving 6 different enzymes: salivary and pancreatic alpha-amylase; sucrase and isomaltase (from sucrose-isomaltase [SI]), and maltase and glucoamylase (from maltase-glucoamylase [MGAM]).	Starch	33-39	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	235-255
29762381-1	2018	BACKGROUND AND HYPOTHESES: Human starch digestion is a multienzyme process involving 6 different enzymes: salivary and pancreatic alpha-amylase; sucrase and isomaltase (from sucrose-isomaltase [SI]), and maltase and glucoamylase (from maltase-glucoamylase [MGAM]).	Starch	33-39	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	257-261
29762382-3	2018	Evidence points to the importance of maltase-glucoamylase in young infants and its effect on starch digestion.	Starch	93-99	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	37-57
29659022-7	2018	RD26 also supports the degradation of starch and the accumulation of mono- and disaccharides during senescence by directly enhancing the expression of AMY1, SFP1 and SWEET15 involved in carbohydrate metabolism and transport.	Starch	38-44	NAC (No Apical Meristem) domain transcriptional regulator superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-4
29686055-4	2018	Mutation of RAPTOR1B resulted in a strong reduction of TOR kinase activity, leading to massive changes in central carbon and nitrogen metabolism, accumulation of excess starch, and induction of autophagy.	Starch	169-175	Regulatory-associated protein of TOR 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	12-20
29686055-4	2018	Mutation of RAPTOR1B resulted in a strong reduction of TOR kinase activity, leading to massive changes in central carbon and nitrogen metabolism, accumulation of excess starch, and induction of autophagy.	Starch	169-175	target of rapamycin	Arabidopsis thaliana	15-18
29360546-1	2018	This paper describes the application of novel nanocomposite material polyaniline/multiwall carbon nanotubes/starch (designated as PCS) as a good electrode material for electrochemical sensing.	Starch	108-114	PCS	Homo sapiens	130-133
29866647-7	2018	The mfp1 mrc double mutant had a higher proportion of chloroplasts containing no visible granule than either single mutant and accumulated ADP-glucose, the substrate for starch synthesis.	Starch	170-176	MAR binding filament-like protein 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	4-8
29546407-8	2018	Thus, IR60b neurons might serve as a sensor to monitor the digestive state of external food or crop content: when disaccharides (sucrose) concentration is high, ingestion to the gut is inhibited, keeping a low concentration of starch and disaccharides in the midgut.	Starch	227-233	Ionotropic receptor 60b	Drosophila melanogaster	6-11
29912373-5	2018	Fruit-localized SlPHYA and SlPHYB2 were also shown to modulate sugar metabolism in early developing fruits via overlapping, yet distinct, mechanisms involving the co-ordinated transcriptional regulation of genes related to sink strength and starch biosynthesis.	Starch	241-247	Phytochrome A	Solanum lycopersicum	16-22
29912373-5	2018	Fruit-localized SlPHYA and SlPHYB2 were also shown to modulate sugar metabolism in early developing fruits via overlapping, yet distinct, mechanisms involving the co-ordinated transcriptional regulation of genes related to sink strength and starch biosynthesis.	Starch	241-247	phytochrome B2	Solanum lycopersicum	27-34
29525147-6	2018	In all NFS, G" was higher than G"" indicating a gel-like behavior and suggesting that the MMT reinforced the starch matrix as observed by the increase in the storage modulus of films with MMT.	Starch	109-115	methionine S-methyltransferase	Zea mays	90-93
29525147-7	2018	Films obtained from method 2 have better mechanical properties probably due to the starch-MMT interactions.	Starch	83-89	methionine S-methyltransferase	Zea mays	90-93
29455995-5	2018	Then, the modified starch was applied to solubilize benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in view of degradation by Fenton process.	Starch	19-25	prohibitin 2	Homo sapiens	68-71
29624058-0	2018	Slowing the Starch Digestion by Structural Modification through Preparing Zein/Pectin Particle Stabilized Water-in-Water Emulsion.	Starch	12-18	zein	Zea mays	74-78
29548257-2	2018	alpha-Glucosidase enzymes contribute to the digestion of starch into glucose and are thus attractive therapeutic targets for diabetes.	Starch	57-63	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
29538769-0	2018	Inhibition of plastid PPase and NTT leads to major changes in starch and tuber formation in potato.	Starch	62-68	soluble inorganic pyrophosphatase PPA1	Solanum tuberosum	22-27
29455995-6	2018	Finally, it has been shown that 95% of BaP was degraded when it was encapsulated in OSA-BS-starch nanoparticles.	Starch	91-97	prohibitin 2	Homo sapiens	39-42
29393371-6	2018	Resistant starch reduced the incidence of colon tumors and suppressed the expression of carcinogenesis-associated proteins, including heat shock protein 25, protein kinase C-d and gastrointestinal glutathione peroxidase in colon epithelial cells compared with standard starch and control groups.	Starch	10-16	protein kinase C, delta	Mus musculus	157-175
29721060-6	2018	Genes co-expressed with ANGPTL3 and CFHR5 were significantly enriched in metabolism pathways characterizing liver tissues, including "starch and sucrose metabolism" and "drug metabolism-cytochrome P450".	Starch	134-140	angiopoietin like 3	Homo sapiens	24-31
29721060-6	2018	Genes co-expressed with ANGPTL3 and CFHR5 were significantly enriched in metabolism pathways characterizing liver tissues, including "starch and sucrose metabolism" and "drug metabolism-cytochrome P450".	Starch	134-140	complement factor H related 5	Homo sapiens	36-41
29195115-7	2018	Baseline ACTH was significantly higher in aged horses (mean +- standard error of the mean; 60.0 +- 10.7 pg/mL) adapted to the starch-rich diet compared to adult horses (15.7 +- 12.0 pg/mL) on the same diet (P = 0.017).	Starch	126-132	pro-opiomelanocortin	Equus caballus	9-13
29393371-9	2018	Oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress were upregulated, and elevation eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha (eIF2alpha), activating transcription factor-4 and secretase-beta expression levels were increased in the resistant starch diet group.	Starch	246-252	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A	Mus musculus	82-129
29393371-9	2018	Oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress were upregulated, and elevation eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha (eIF2alpha), activating transcription factor-4 and secretase-beta expression levels were increased in the resistant starch diet group.	Starch	246-252	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A	Mus musculus	131-140
29393371-9	2018	Oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress were upregulated, and elevation eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha (eIF2alpha), activating transcription factor-4 and secretase-beta expression levels were increased in the resistant starch diet group.	Starch	246-252	activating transcription factor 4	Mus musculus	143-176
29393371-10	2018	Additionally, the activity of eIF2alpha and PERK were increased in colon tumor cells from mice that had received resistant starch.	Starch	123-129	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A	Mus musculus	30-39
29393371-10	2018	Additionally, the activity of eIF2alpha and PERK were increased in colon tumor cells from mice that had received resistant starch.	Starch	123-129	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3	Mus musculus	44-48
29393371-11	2018	Increasing DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein (CHOP), binding immunoglobulin protein (BIP) and caspase-12 expression levels upregulated by resistant starch diet may contribute to the resistant starch-induced apoptosis of colon tumor cells induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine.	Starch	156-162	DNA-damage inducible transcript 3	Mus musculus	11-52
29393371-11	2018	Increasing DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein (CHOP), binding immunoglobulin protein (BIP) and caspase-12 expression levels upregulated by resistant starch diet may contribute to the resistant starch-induced apoptosis of colon tumor cells induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine.	Starch	156-162	DNA-damage inducible transcript 3	Mus musculus	54-58
29393371-11	2018	Increasing DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein (CHOP), binding immunoglobulin protein (BIP) and caspase-12 expression levels upregulated by resistant starch diet may contribute to the resistant starch-induced apoptosis of colon tumor cells induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine.	Starch	156-162	heat shock protein 5	Mus musculus	61-91
29393371-11	2018	Increasing DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein (CHOP), binding immunoglobulin protein (BIP) and caspase-12 expression levels upregulated by resistant starch diet may contribute to the resistant starch-induced apoptosis of colon tumor cells induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine.	Starch	156-162	heat shock protein 5	Mus musculus	93-96
29393371-11	2018	Increasing DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein (CHOP), binding immunoglobulin protein (BIP) and caspase-12 expression levels upregulated by resistant starch diet may contribute to the resistant starch-induced apoptosis of colon tumor cells induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine.	Starch	200-206	DNA-damage inducible transcript 3	Mus musculus	11-52
29393371-11	2018	Increasing DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein (CHOP), binding immunoglobulin protein (BIP) and caspase-12 expression levels upregulated by resistant starch diet may contribute to the resistant starch-induced apoptosis of colon tumor cells induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine.	Starch	200-206	heat shock protein 5	Mus musculus	61-91
29393371-11	2018	Increasing DNA damage-inducible transcript 3 protein (CHOP), binding immunoglobulin protein (BIP) and caspase-12 expression levels upregulated by resistant starch diet may contribute to the resistant starch-induced apoptosis of colon tumor cells induced by 1,2-dimethylhydrazine.	Starch	200-206	heat shock protein 5	Mus musculus	93-96
29393371-12	2018	In vitro assays demonstrated that knockdown of eIF2alpha inhibited apoptosis of colon tumor cells isolated from mice fed with resistant starch, which also downregulated CHOP, BIP and caspase-3 expression levels compared with controls.	Starch	136-142	eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A	Mus musculus	47-56
29514634-7	2018	This result suggests a pivotal role for SREBF1 in lipogenesis regulation in response to a decrease in dietary starch and an increase in dietary PUFA.	Starch	110-116	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Gallus gallus	40-46
29580217-5	2018	In particular, the peptide increased expression of 1,5-anhydro-D-fructose reductase, a metabolic enzyme of an alternative starch and glycogen degrading pathway found in many organisms, in both transcriptomic and proteomic data.	Starch	122-128	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member E2	Homo sapiens	51-83
29470862-6	2018	Loss-of-function Arabidopsis hipp27 mutants exhibited severely reduced susceptibility to H. schachtii and abnormal starch accumulation in syncytial and peridermal plastids.	Starch	115-121	Heavy metal transport/detoxification superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	29-35
29352883-2	2018	Boiling pre-treatment of starch azure suspension increased the reaction rate of hydrolysis catalysed by human salivary alpha-amylase (HSA) or porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase (PPA) and the sensitivity of spectrophotometric activity measurement has been improved.	Starch	25-31	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	110-132
29352883-2	2018	Boiling pre-treatment of starch azure suspension increased the reaction rate of hydrolysis catalysed by human salivary alpha-amylase (HSA) or porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase (PPA) and the sensitivity of spectrophotometric activity measurement has been improved.	Starch	25-31	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	150-174
29779107-1	2018	A new method for obtaining stable butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) samples based on the enzyme immobilization in starch and gelatin gels followed by drying is proposed.	Starch	110-116	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	34-55
29779107-1	2018	A new method for obtaining stable butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) samples based on the enzyme immobilization in starch and gelatin gels followed by drying is proposed.	Starch	110-116	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	57-62
29779107-4	2018	BuChE samples based on the starch gel showed a greater sensitivity in the determination of pesticides as compared to the samples based on the gelatin gel.	Starch	27-33	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	0-5
29170910-7	2018	In nitrogen-depleted conditions, starch cannot be invested in PSII-dependent and PSII-independent pathways for H2-production, mainly because of a strong decrease of the cytochrome b 6 f complex of the photosynthetic electron flow.	Starch	33-39	cob	Tetradesmus obliquus	169-181
29137768-0	2018	Low frequency ultrasonic-assisted hydrolysis of starch in the presence of alpha-amylase.	Starch	48-54	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	74-87
29137768-3	2018	This study reports the effect of sonication on the reaction rate of starch hydrolysis at different temperatures, in the presence or absence of alpha-amylase.	Starch	68-74	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	143-156
29495635-6	2018	This indicates that pyridoxal can also inhibit starch hydrolyzing by pancreatic alpha-amylase in small intestine.	Starch	47-53	amylase 2a3	Rattus norvegicus	69-93
29387950-2	2018	In this paper, we described the application of "PANI/MWCNTs/Starch" modified carbon paste electrode (PCS-CPE) as a simple and highly sensitive cholesterol sensor.	Starch	60-66	carboxypeptidase E	Bos taurus	105-108
29471820-4	2018	RESULTS: In present study, an alpha-amylase (NFAmy13A) gene, which showed the highest expression level of enzymes in starch degradation at high temperature stage (62  C), was directly obtained by functional metatranscriptomics from Chinese Nong-flavor liquor starter and expressed in Pichia pastoris.	Starch	117-123	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	30-43
29471820-9	2018	Moreover, this alpha-amylase efficiently hydrolyzed starches (from corn, wheat, and potato) at high concentrations up to 15 mg/ml.	Starch	52-60	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	15-28
29309132-1	2018	beta-Amylase3 (BAM3) is an enzyme that is essential for starch degradation in plant leaves and is also transcriptionally induced under cold stress.	Starch	56-62	beta-amylase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-13
29432586-6	2018	Meanwhile, PS diet significantly increased the mRNA expression of proglucagon and the glucagon-like peptide 2 receptor (GLP-2R) in the jejunum and ileum (P &lt; 0.001).	Starch	11-13	glucagon-like peptide 2 receptor	Ovis aries	86-118
29432586-6	2018	Meanwhile, PS diet significantly increased the mRNA expression of proglucagon and the glucagon-like peptide 2 receptor (GLP-2R) in the jejunum and ileum (P &lt; 0.001).	Starch	11-13	glucagon-like peptide 2 receptor	Ovis aries	120-126
29309132-1	2018	beta-Amylase3 (BAM3) is an enzyme that is essential for starch degradation in plant leaves and is also transcriptionally induced under cold stress.	Starch	56-62	beta-amylase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	15-19
29309132-3	2018	This decrease in BAM3 activity may relate to the accumulation of starch reported in cold-stressed plants.	Starch	65-71	beta-amylase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	17-21
29322283-5	2018	When the ratio of GA and GDH was 3:1, the NADH production rate of the whole-cell biocatalyst reached the highest level using starch as substrate, which was three times higher than that of mixture of free enzymes, indicating that the highly ordered spatial organization of enzymes would promote reactions, due to the ratio of enzymes and proximity effect.	Starch	125-131	hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase/glucose 1-dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	25-28
29083084-1	2018	In dairy cows, exogenous alpha-amylase is suggested to improve starch utilization and positively affect performance and health traits linked to energy balance and fertility.	Starch	63-69	alpha amylase	Bos taurus	25-38
29098311-7	2018	This gene has a CBM48 domain that binds to starch, and may act through interactions with isoamylase1 (ISA1), assisting in the binding of ISA1 to starch granules.	Starch	145-151	iso1	Hordeum vulgare	102-106
28951489-6	2018	The pgk1.1 knockdown mutant displayed reduced growth, lower photosynthetic capacity, and starch content.	Starch	89-95	phosphoglycerate kinase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	4-8
29098311-7	2018	This gene has a CBM48 domain that binds to starch, and may act through interactions with isoamylase1 (ISA1), assisting in the binding of ISA1 to starch granules.	Starch	145-151	iso1	Hordeum vulgare	137-141
28849987-5	2018	This potential protective effect could be attributed to the potent anti-oxidative capacity of starch that causes scavenger of the reactive oxygen species and thereby decreasing single and double DNA stranded break inductions and apoptotic DNA damage revealed by returning the p53 and caspase-3 expression levels to the normal level compared to the ethanol treated group.	Starch	94-100	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	276-279
28849987-5	2018	This potential protective effect could be attributed to the potent anti-oxidative capacity of starch that causes scavenger of the reactive oxygen species and thereby decreasing single and double DNA stranded break inductions and apoptotic DNA damage revealed by returning the p53 and caspase-3 expression levels to the normal level compared to the ethanol treated group.	Starch	94-100	caspase 3	Mus musculus	284-293
29410955-0	2017	A Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial to Determine the Impact of Digestion Resistant Starch MSPrebiotic  on Glucose, Insulin, and Insulin Resistance in Elderly and Mid-Age Adults.	Starch	94-100	insulin	Homo sapiens	126-133
29410955-0	2017	A Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial to Determine the Impact of Digestion Resistant Starch MSPrebiotic  on Glucose, Insulin, and Insulin Resistance in Elderly and Mid-Age Adults.	Starch	94-100	insulin	Homo sapiens	139-146
29410955-4	2017	The key objectives of this study were to determine the tolerability as well as the glucose and insulin modulating ability of MSPrebiotic  digestion resistant starch (DRS) in healthy mid-age (MID) and elderly (ELD) adults.	Starch	158-164	insulin	Homo sapiens	95-102
29169185-12	2018	When exposed to silver and starch NPs, hAELVi mono-cultures were more tolerant to the particles than THP-1 mono-cultures.	Starch	27-33	GLI family zinc finger 2	Homo sapiens	101-106
29507734-7	2018	Genes from the ethylene signaling, ABA signaling, the AP2/ERF, WRKY, and NAC transcription factor families, and starch/sucrose/galactose pathways were among the most commonly observed to be differentially regulated.	Starch	112-118	transcription factor APETALA2	Vitis vinifera	54-57
28873572-4	2018	However, LHB and IHB crumbs were more resistant to physical breakdown during in vitro digestion than HHB crumbs, resulting in a 96.81% increase of slowly digestible starch (SDS) from 75 to 45% dough hydration.	Starch	165-171	luteinizing hormone subunit beta	Homo sapiens	9-12
29133376-0	2018	Distinct Functions of STARCH SYNTHASE 4 Domains in Starch Granule Formation.	Starch	51-57	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	22-39
29846922-5	2018	Herein we report a method for carrying out a reverse chemical genetic screen on alpha-glucosidase, the enzyme that catalyzes the final step in starch degradation during plant germination, namely the hydrolysis of maltose to release glucose.	Starch	143-149	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	80-97
29133376-1	2018	The formation of normal starch granules in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaf chloroplasts requires STARCH SYNTHASE 4 (SS4).	Starch	24-30	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	105-122
29133376-1	2018	The formation of normal starch granules in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaf chloroplasts requires STARCH SYNTHASE 4 (SS4).	Starch	24-30	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	124-127
29161267-8	2017	A study comparing conventional rats fed a high-sugar diet to those fed a high-starch diet suggested that sucrose consumption might be associated with elevated levels of beta-glucuronidase, an enzyme previously associated with bladder cancer in humans.	Starch	78-84	glucuronidase, beta	Rattus norvegicus	169-187
29995566-4	2018	The manipulation of NDPK1 levels in transgenic potato roots demonstrates that this enzyme plays a key role in the transfer of energy between the cytosolic adenine and uridine nucleotide pools and in the distribution of carbon between starch and cellulose.	Starch	234-240	nucleoside diphosphate kinase	Solanum tuberosum	20-25
29098639-4	2017	Tef starch has a high gelatinization temperature, an essential precondition in the preparation of low glycemic index foods.	Starch	4-10	TEF transcription factor, PAR bZIP family member	Homo sapiens	0-3
29155859-0	2017	Reduced starch granule number per chloroplast in the dpe2/phs1 mutant is dependent on initiation of starch degradation.	Starch	8-14	disproportionating enzyme 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	53-57
29155859-0	2017	Reduced starch granule number per chloroplast in the dpe2/phs1 mutant is dependent on initiation of starch degradation.	Starch	8-14	dual specificity protein phosphatase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	58-62
29155859-0	2017	Reduced starch granule number per chloroplast in the dpe2/phs1 mutant is dependent on initiation of starch degradation.	Starch	100-106	disproportionating enzyme 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	53-57
29155859-0	2017	Reduced starch granule number per chloroplast in the dpe2/phs1 mutant is dependent on initiation of starch degradation.	Starch	100-106	dual specificity protein phosphatase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	58-62
29155859-1	2017	An Arabidopsis double knock-out mutant lacking cytosolic disproportionating enzyme 2 (DPE2) and the plastidial phosphorylase (PHS1) revealed a dwarf-growth phenotype, reduced starch content, an uneven distribution of starch within the plant rosette, and a reduced number of starch granules per chloroplast under standard growth conditions.	Starch	175-181	disproportionating enzyme 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	86-90
29155859-1	2017	An Arabidopsis double knock-out mutant lacking cytosolic disproportionating enzyme 2 (DPE2) and the plastidial phosphorylase (PHS1) revealed a dwarf-growth phenotype, reduced starch content, an uneven distribution of starch within the plant rosette, and a reduced number of starch granules per chloroplast under standard growth conditions.	Starch	175-181	dual specificity protein phosphatase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	126-130
29155859-1	2017	An Arabidopsis double knock-out mutant lacking cytosolic disproportionating enzyme 2 (DPE2) and the plastidial phosphorylase (PHS1) revealed a dwarf-growth phenotype, reduced starch content, an uneven distribution of starch within the plant rosette, and a reduced number of starch granules per chloroplast under standard growth conditions.	Starch	217-223	disproportionating enzyme 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	86-90
29155859-1	2017	An Arabidopsis double knock-out mutant lacking cytosolic disproportionating enzyme 2 (DPE2) and the plastidial phosphorylase (PHS1) revealed a dwarf-growth phenotype, reduced starch content, an uneven distribution of starch within the plant rosette, and a reduced number of starch granules per chloroplast under standard growth conditions.	Starch	217-223	dual specificity protein phosphatase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	126-130
29155859-1	2017	An Arabidopsis double knock-out mutant lacking cytosolic disproportionating enzyme 2 (DPE2) and the plastidial phosphorylase (PHS1) revealed a dwarf-growth phenotype, reduced starch content, an uneven distribution of starch within the plant rosette, and a reduced number of starch granules per chloroplast under standard growth conditions.	Starch	217-223	disproportionating enzyme 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	86-90
29155859-1	2017	An Arabidopsis double knock-out mutant lacking cytosolic disproportionating enzyme 2 (DPE2) and the plastidial phosphorylase (PHS1) revealed a dwarf-growth phenotype, reduced starch content, an uneven distribution of starch within the plant rosette, and a reduced number of starch granules per chloroplast under standard growth conditions.	Starch	217-223	dual specificity protein phosphatase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	126-130
29155859-6	2017	Therefore, in the background of the double mutant dpe2/phs1, a triple mutant was generated lacking the initial starch degrading enzyme glucan, water dikinase (GWD).	Starch	111-117	disproportionating enzyme 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	50-54
29098311-7	2018	This gene has a CBM48 domain that binds to starch, and may act through interactions with isoamylase1 (ISA1), assisting in the binding of ISA1 to starch granules.	Starch	43-49	iso1	Hordeum vulgare	89-100
29098311-7	2018	This gene has a CBM48 domain that binds to starch, and may act through interactions with isoamylase1 (ISA1), assisting in the binding of ISA1 to starch granules.	Starch	43-49	iso1	Hordeum vulgare	102-106
29098311-7	2018	This gene has a CBM48 domain that binds to starch, and may act through interactions with isoamylase1 (ISA1), assisting in the binding of ISA1 to starch granules.	Starch	43-49	iso1	Hordeum vulgare	137-141
29098311-7	2018	This gene has a CBM48 domain that binds to starch, and may act through interactions with isoamylase1 (ISA1), assisting in the binding of ISA1 to starch granules.	Starch	145-151	iso1	Hordeum vulgare	89-100
30263753-3	2018	The major reactions used to modify the structure of food starch include: (1) hydrolysis of alpha-1, 4 or alpha-1, 6 glycosidic linkages, (2) disproportionation by the transfer of glucan moieties, and (3) branching by formation of alpha-1, 6 glycosidic linkage.	Starch	57-63	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	91-98
30263753-3	2018	The major reactions used to modify the structure of food starch include: (1) hydrolysis of alpha-1, 4 or alpha-1, 6 glycosidic linkages, (2) disproportionation by the transfer of glucan moieties, and (3) branching by formation of alpha-1, 6 glycosidic linkage.	Starch	57-63	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	105-112
30263753-3	2018	The major reactions used to modify the structure of food starch include: (1) hydrolysis of alpha-1, 4 or alpha-1, 6 glycosidic linkages, (2) disproportionation by the transfer of glucan moieties, and (3) branching by formation of alpha-1, 6 glycosidic linkage.	Starch	57-63	adrenoceptor alpha 1D	Homo sapiens	105-112
28969796-8	2017	Plants that overexpressed the ALDH7B4 gene accumulated less soluble sugars, starch, and fatty acids and grew better than the wild-type after herbicide treatment.	Starch	76-82	aldehyde dehydrogenase 7B4	Arabidopsis thaliana	30-37
29040651-0	2017	The Chlamydomonas mex1 mutant shows impaired starch mobilization without maltose accumulation.	Starch	45-51	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	18-22
29040651-1	2017	The MEX1 locus of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was identified in a genetic screen as a factor that affects starch metabolism.	Starch	104-110	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	4-8
29040651-3	2017	Cosegregation and functional complementation analyses were used to assess the involvement of the Mex1 protein in starch degradation.	Starch	113-119	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	97-101
29040651-8	2017	These findings suggest that Mex1 is essential for starch mobilization in both Chlamydomonas and Arabidopsis, and that this protein family may support several functions and not only be restricted to maltose export across the plastidial envelope.	Starch	50-56	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	28-32
28527990-5	2017	The exposure of hydroxyl groups in starch chain due to irradiation was confirmed via ATR FT-IR.	Starch	35-41	ATR serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	85-88
28992210-6	2017	At early developmental stages, PHA1-OE stolons elongate faster and show longer epidermal cells than wild-type stolons; this accelerated growth is accompanied by higher cell wall invertase activity, lower starch content, and higher expression of the sucrose-H+ symporter gene StSUT1.	Starch	204-210	plasma membrane ATPase 1-like	Solanum tuberosum	31-35
28992210-11	2017	PHA1 is involved in the sucrose-starch metabolism in stolons, possibly providing the driving force for sugar transporters to maintain the apoplastic sucrose transport during elongation.	Starch	32-38	plasma membrane ATPase 1-like	Solanum tuberosum	0-4
28982156-0	2017	Postprandial PYY increase by resistant starch supplementation is independent of net portal appearance of short-chain fatty acids in pigs.	Starch	39-45	peptide YY	Sus scrofa	13-16
28982156-6	2017	No significant effects of diets on NPA of PYY were observed (P &gt; 0.05), however, resistant starch supplementation increased postprandial NPA of PYY levels by 37 to 54% compared with rye-based and Western-style control diets (P = 0.19).	Starch	94-100	peptide YY	Sus scrofa	147-150
28981820-9	2017	Human perception of starch is undoubtedly complex as shown in this study; the data herein point to the potential roles of salivary alpha-amylase activity and carbohydrate consumption in the perception of cooked starch.	Starch	211-217	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	122-144
28690153-9	2017	In addition, endogenous glucose and starch amounts were reciprocally affected in the atl15 knockout mutants and the ATL15 overexpressors.	Starch	36-42	RING/U-box superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	85-90
28842550-3	2017	The adg1 mutation disables the small subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, the first step in starch synthesis, and the suc2 mutation disables a sucrose/proton symporter that facilitates sucrose loading from leaves into phloem.	Starch	97-103	ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	4-8
28690153-9	2017	In addition, endogenous glucose and starch amounts were reciprocally affected in the atl15 knockout mutants and the ATL15 overexpressors.	Starch	36-42	RING/U-box superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	116-121
28692378-5	2017	However, NTRC also participates in the redox regulation of processes, such as starch and chlorophyll biosynthesis, which are known to be regulated by Trxs.	Starch	78-84	NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase C	Arabidopsis thaliana	9-13
28726249-0	2017	ZmMYB14 is an important transcription factor involved in the regulation of the activity of the ZmBT1 promoter in starch biosynthesis in maize.	Starch	113-119	transcription factor MYB21	Zea mays	0-7
28726249-0	2017	ZmMYB14 is an important transcription factor involved in the regulation of the activity of the ZmBT1 promoter in starch biosynthesis in maize.	Starch	113-119	adenine nucleotide transporter BT1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic/mitochondrial	Zea mays	95-100
28726249-2	2017	Brittle 1, encoded by BT1, is a transporter of adenosine diphosphate-glucose, which plays an important role in the biosynthesis of starch in the endosperm of cereals.	Starch	131-137	adenine nucleotide transporter BT1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic/mitochondrial	Zea mays	22-25
28726249-4	2017	Moreover, high expression level of the gene for ZmMYB14 transcription factor was observed in the maize endosperm; its expression pattern was similar to those of the starch synthesis-related genes in maize seeds.	Starch	165-171	transcription factor MYB21	Zea mays	48-55
28726249-8	2017	Furthermore, ZmMYB14 was also shown to bind directly to the promoters of six starch-synthesizing genes, ZmGBSSI, ZmSSI, ZmSSIIa, ZmSBE1, ZmISA1, and ZmISA2 in yeast.	Starch	77-83	transcription factor MYB21	Zea mays	13-20
28726249-9	2017	These findings indicate that ZmMYB14 functions as a key regulator of ZmBT1 and is closely related to the biosynthesis of starch.	Starch	121-127	transcription factor MYB21	Zea mays	29-36
28726249-9	2017	These findings indicate that ZmMYB14 functions as a key regulator of ZmBT1 and is closely related to the biosynthesis of starch.	Starch	121-127	adenine nucleotide transporter BT1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic/mitochondrial	Zea mays	69-74
28549232-0	2017	Identification and characterization of transcription factor ZmEREB94 involved in starch synthesis in maize.	Starch	81-87	uncharacterized protein LOC100272413	Zea mays	60-68
28549232-9	2017	Our results revealed that ZmEREB94 might act as a key regulator of starch synthesis in maize.	Starch	67-73	uncharacterized protein LOC100272413	Zea mays	26-34
28475953-3	2017	Moreover, PS diet increased the myosin heavy-chain (MyHC)-I and IIa levels, decreased the MyHC-IIb level, decreased the miR23a level and increased its target gene level, increased the miR499 level and decreased its target gene level (P&lt;0.05).	Starch	10-12	myosin-4	Sus scrofa	90-98
28475953-3	2017	Moreover, PS diet increased the myosin heavy-chain (MyHC)-I and IIa levels, decreased the MyHC-IIb level, decreased the miR23a level and increased its target gene level, increased the miR499 level and decreased its target gene level (P&lt;0.05).	Starch	10-12	microRNA 23a	Sus scrofa	120-126
28475953-3	2017	Moreover, PS diet increased the myosin heavy-chain (MyHC)-I and IIa levels, decreased the MyHC-IIb level, decreased the miR23a level and increased its target gene level, increased the miR499 level and decreased its target gene level (P&lt;0.05).	Starch	10-12	microRNA 499	Sus scrofa	184-190
28608281-5	2017	Reverse genetics with CsSTS RNAi lines revealed obviously reductions in STS activity and stachyose content along with a small amount of starch accumulation in leaves, suggesting that CsSTS is involved in phloem loading of cucumber leaves.	Starch	136-142	steryl-sulfatase	Cucumis sativus	183-188
28848593-6	2017	Mutation of plastidial nucleoside diphosphate kinase-2 (NDPK2), acting downstream of phytochromes, also caused a deficit in starch accumulation.	Starch	124-130	nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	23-54
28848593-6	2017	Mutation of plastidial nucleoside diphosphate kinase-2 (NDPK2), acting downstream of phytochromes, also caused a deficit in starch accumulation.	Starch	124-130	nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	56-61
28848593-8	2017	Those results suggest that PHYAB affect starch accumulation through NDPK2 and APS1.	Starch	40-46	nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	68-73
28848593-8	2017	Those results suggest that PHYAB affect starch accumulation through NDPK2 and APS1.	Starch	40-46	ATP sulfurylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	78-82
28824688-0	2017	Induction of Barley Silicon Transporter HvLsi1 and HvLsi2, increased silicon concentration in the shoot and regulated Starch and ABA Homeostasis under Osmotic stress and Concomitant Potassium Deficiency.	Starch	118-124	HvLsi1	Hordeum vulgare	40-46
28848581-9	2017	A close inspection of major carbohydrate metabolism in non-infected control plants revealed that soluble sugar and starch content were substantially elevated in sweet11/sweet12 double mutants during the entire diurnal cycle, that diurnal soluble sugar turnover was increased more than twofold in sweet11/sweet12, and that accumulation of free hexoses and sucrose was strongly expedited in double mutant leaves compared to wild type and both single mutants during the course of Ch infection.	Starch	115-121	Nodulin MtN3 family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	161-168
28848581-9	2017	A close inspection of major carbohydrate metabolism in non-infected control plants revealed that soluble sugar and starch content were substantially elevated in sweet11/sweet12 double mutants during the entire diurnal cycle, that diurnal soluble sugar turnover was increased more than twofold in sweet11/sweet12, and that accumulation of free hexoses and sucrose was strongly expedited in double mutant leaves compared to wild type and both single mutants during the course of Ch infection.	Starch	115-121	bidirectional sugar transporter SWEET12-like protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	169-176
28824688-0	2017	Induction of Barley Silicon Transporter HvLsi1 and HvLsi2, increased silicon concentration in the shoot and regulated Starch and ABA Homeostasis under Osmotic stress and Concomitant Potassium Deficiency.	Starch	118-124	HvLsi2	Hordeum vulgare	51-57
28568243-0	2017	Rethinking the starch digestion hypothesis for AMY1 copy number variation in humans.	Starch	15-21	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	47-51
28568243-3	2017	Additionally, AMY1 CNV in humans has been associated with starch content of diets, and one known function of alpha-amylase is its involvement in starch digestion.	Starch	58-64	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	14-18
28568243-5	2017	Here, we present several lines of evidence that challenge the hypothesis that increased AMY1 CNV is an adaptation to starch consumption.	Starch	117-123	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	88-92
28600316-7	2017	This study demonstrates an alternative method to produce myo-inositol from starch with an in vitro enzyme system using thermostable maltodextrin phosphorylase (MalP), phosphoglucomutase (PGM), myo-inositol-3-phosphate synthase, and myo-inositol monophosphatase.	Starch	75-81	phosphoglucomutase	Solanum tuberosum	167-185
28766747-5	2017	The accepted effect of salivary alpha amylase was then analyzed and found to be consistent across the starch thickened foods examined but different among the panelists.	Starch	102-108	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	23-45
28303594-4	2017	As a result, GWD1 and PWD have a positive effect on transitory starch degradation at night.	Starch	63-69	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	13-17
28586467-3	2017	One such mutant, fpgs1-4, accumulated substantial amounts of starch in non-photosynthetic cells.	Starch	61-67	MUTM homolog-1	Arabidopsis thaliana	17-24
28727742-2	2017	The greatest hydrolysis rate on corn starch granule was observed with alpha-amylase, followed by gluco- and beta-amylases.	Starch	37-43	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	70-83
28274413-0	2017	Lysozyme distribution, structural identification, and in vitro release of starch-based microgel-lysozyme complexes.	Starch	74-80	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	0-8
28274413-0	2017	Lysozyme distribution, structural identification, and in vitro release of starch-based microgel-lysozyme complexes.	Starch	74-80	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	96-104
28539377-6	2017	The lowest mean BMI was observed in the group of participants with a low AMY1 copy number and a high dietary intake of starch.Conclusions: Our findings suggest an effect of the interaction between starch intake and AMY1 copy number on obesity.	Starch	119-125	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	215-219
28267073-3	2017	Six enzyme activities, 2 alpha-amylases (Amy), and 4 mucosal alpha-glucosidases (maltases), including maltase-glucoamylase (Mgam) and sucrase-isomaltase (Si) subunit activities, are needed to digest starch to absorbable free glucose.	Starch	199-205	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	102-122
28267073-3	2017	Six enzyme activities, 2 alpha-amylases (Amy), and 4 mucosal alpha-glucosidases (maltases), including maltase-glucoamylase (Mgam) and sucrase-isomaltase (Si) subunit activities, are needed to digest starch to absorbable free glucose.	Starch	199-205	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	134-152
28267073-3	2017	Six enzyme activities, 2 alpha-amylases (Amy), and 4 mucosal alpha-glucosidases (maltases), including maltase-glucoamylase (Mgam) and sucrase-isomaltase (Si) subunit activities, are needed to digest starch to absorbable free glucose.	Starch	199-205	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-2
28267073-4	2017	Amy breaks down insoluble starch to soluble dextrins; mucosal Mgam and Si can either directly digest starch to glucose or convert the post-alpha-amylolytic dextrins to glucose.	Starch	26-32	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	62-66
28267073-4	2017	Amy breaks down insoluble starch to soluble dextrins; mucosal Mgam and Si can either directly digest starch to glucose or convert the post-alpha-amylolytic dextrins to glucose.	Starch	101-107	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	62-66
28267073-4	2017	Amy breaks down insoluble starch to soluble dextrins; mucosal Mgam and Si can either directly digest starch to glucose or convert the post-alpha-amylolytic dextrins to glucose.	Starch	101-107	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	71-73
28725229-5	2017	The alpha-amylase activity was enhanced to mobilize starch to supply metabolites such as soluble sugar and energy for seed germination under chilling stress.	Starch	52-58	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	4-17
28472693-1	2017	Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) is a digestive enzyme mainly responsible for the hydrolysis of starch and glycogen in the oral cavity.	Starch	92-98	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	0-22
28472693-1	2017	Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) is a digestive enzyme mainly responsible for the hydrolysis of starch and glycogen in the oral cavity.	Starch	92-98	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	24-27
28539377-6	2017	The lowest mean BMI was observed in the group of participants with a low AMY1 copy number and a high dietary intake of starch.Conclusions: Our findings suggest an effect of the interaction between starch intake and AMY1 copy number on obesity.	Starch	197-203	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	73-77
28256030-8	2017	Also, silencing of QPT led to a decrease in chlorophyll content, maximum quantum efficiency of PSII, net CO2 assimilation and starch content.	Starch	126-132	nicotinate-nucleotide pyrophosphorylase [carboxylating], chloroplastic-like	Nicotiana tabacum	19-22
28515160-0	2017	Replacement of Refined Starches and Added Sugars with Egg Protein and Unsaturated Fats Increases Insulin Sensitivity and Lowers Triglycerides in Overweight or Obese Adults with Elevated Triglycerides.	Starch	23-31	insulin	Homo sapiens	97-104
28206710-8	2017	zmsut2 mutants also accumulated two-fold more sucrose, glucose, and fructose as well as starch in source leaves compared to wild type.	Starch	88-94	sucrose transporter 2	Zea mays	0-6
28431348-2	2017	In this work, a series of starch-based flocculants with different charge densities and average graft chain lengths were prepared by the co-graft polymerization of acrylamide and [(2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride] (St-g-PAM-co-PDMC).	Starch	26-32	peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase	Homo sapiens	239-242
28859372-1	2017	Nucleoside diphosphate sugars (NDP-sugars) are the substrates for biosynthesis of oligo- and polysaccharides, such as starch and cellulose, and are also required for biosynthesis of nucleotides, ascorbic acid, several cofactors, glycoproteins and many secondary metabolites.	Starch	118-124	norrin cystine knot growth factor NDP	Homo sapiens	31-34
28859372-2	2017	A controversial study that questions the generally accepted pathway of ADP-glucose and starch synthesis in plants is based, in part, on claims that NDP-sugars are unstable at alkaline pH in the presence of Mg2+ and that this instability can lead to unreliable results from in vitro assays of enzyme activities.	Starch	87-93	norrin cystine knot growth factor NDP	Homo sapiens	148-151
28167351-6	2017	This phenomenon might be ascribed to the formation of STC-g-PDMC/BSA complexes induced by some local charge interactions between starch-based flocculant and the amino acid fragments of protein due to charge patch effects.	Starch	129-135	stanniocalcin 1	Homo sapiens	54-57
28267232-8	2017	Supporting a causal effect, smxl4 smxl5 double mutants exhibit leaf pigmentation, enhanced starch accumulation and defective phloem transport, similar to dcl4 plants.	Starch	91-97	Double Clp-N motif-containing P-loop nucleoside triphosphate hydrolases superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	28-33
28267232-8	2017	Supporting a causal effect, smxl4 smxl5 double mutants exhibit leaf pigmentation, enhanced starch accumulation and defective phloem transport, similar to dcl4 plants.	Starch	91-97	Clp amino terminal domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	34-39
28588557-7	2017	Therefore, down-regulations of PGI1, FBA1, and FBA2 may lead to accumulation of upstream metabolites, notably glucose 6-phosphate, resulting in induction of PGM1 expression through feed-forward regulation and that PGM1 overexpression caused starch over-accumulation in mutants.	Starch	241-247	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	31-35
28588557-7	2017	Therefore, down-regulations of PGI1, FBA1, and FBA2 may lead to accumulation of upstream metabolites, notably glucose 6-phosphate, resulting in induction of PGM1 expression through feed-forward regulation and that PGM1 overexpression caused starch over-accumulation in mutants.	Starch	241-247	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	47-51
28588557-8	2017	These results suggest that PGI1, FBA1, FBA2, and PGM1 correlate with each other in terms of coordinated transcriptional regulation and play central roles for starch over-accumulation in C. reinhardtii.	Starch	158-164	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	27-31
28588557-8	2017	These results suggest that PGI1, FBA1, FBA2, and PGM1 correlate with each other in terms of coordinated transcriptional regulation and play central roles for starch over-accumulation in C. reinhardtii.	Starch	158-164	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	33-37
28588557-8	2017	These results suggest that PGI1, FBA1, FBA2, and PGM1 correlate with each other in terms of coordinated transcriptional regulation and play central roles for starch over-accumulation in C. reinhardtii.	Starch	158-164	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	39-43
32625475-2	2017	This beta-amylase is intended to be used in several food-manufacturing processes: baking and brewing processes, distilled alcohol production, and starch processing for the production of glucose syrups.	Starch	146-152	1,4-alpha-D-glucan maltohydrolase	Hordeum vulgare	5-17
32625476-2	2017	This beta-amylase is intended to be used in the starch processing for maltose syrup production and the manufacture of a Japanese rice cake type.	Starch	48-54	beta-amylase	Oryza sativa Japonica Group	5-17
28284700-6	2017	In contrast, expression of HMGCS2 (encoding the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of ketone bodies) decreased linearly, whereas the expression of MCT2 (encoding a transporter of volatile fatty acid) increased linearly with increasing dietary neutral detergent fiber to starch ratio.	Starch	273-279	solute carrier family 16 member 7	Bos taurus	150-154
28427348-3	2017	Some of these bacteria have adapted to life in the oral cavity by binding salivary alpha-amylase, which hydrolyzes dietary starch, thus providing a source of nutrition.	Starch	123-129	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	74-96
28275148-4	2017	The dpe2-1/phs1a/ss4 mutant revealed a massive starch excess phenotype.	Starch	47-53	disproportionating enzyme 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	4-8
28275148-4	2017	The dpe2-1/phs1a/ss4 mutant revealed a massive starch excess phenotype.	Starch	47-53	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	17-20
28275148-7	2017	With regard to growth, photosynthetic parameters, and metabolic analyses, the triple mutant additionally displayed alterations in comparison with ss4 and dpe2-1/phs1a The results clearly illustrate that PHS1 and SS4 are differently involved in starch granule formation and do not act in series.	Starch	244-250	dual specificity protein phosphatase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	203-207
28275148-7	2017	With regard to growth, photosynthetic parameters, and metabolic analyses, the triple mutant additionally displayed alterations in comparison with ss4 and dpe2-1/phs1a The results clearly illustrate that PHS1 and SS4 are differently involved in starch granule formation and do not act in series.	Starch	244-250	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	212-215
27737626-7	2017	The improvement in ethanol recovery is attributed to higher starch conversion by alpha-amylase even at pH as low as 4.50.	Starch	60-66	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	81-94
28168995-0	2017	Starch-derived absorbable polysaccharide hemostat enhances bone healing via BMP-2 protein.	Starch	0-6	bone morphogenetic protein 2	Mus musculus	76-81
28056069-5	2017	Interestingly, expression of an (engineered) laforin in potato resulted in significantly higher phosphate content of starch, and this result was confirmed in amylose-free potato genetic background (amf).	Starch	117-123	EPM2A glucan phosphatase, laforin	Homo sapiens	45-52
28262556-1	2017	Human pancreatic alpha-amylase (HPA) is responsible for degrading starch to malto-oligosaccharides, thence to glucose, and is therefore an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetes and obesity.	Starch	66-72	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	6-30
27859295-0	2017	Arabidopsis thaliana FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYLS3 (FHY3) and FAR-RED-IMPAIRED RESPONSE1 (FAR1) modulate starch synthesis in response to light and sugar.	Starch	105-111	far-red elongated hypocotyls 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	21-50
27859295-0	2017	Arabidopsis thaliana FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYLS3 (FHY3) and FAR-RED-IMPAIRED RESPONSE1 (FAR1) modulate starch synthesis in response to light and sugar.	Starch	105-111	far-red elongated hypocotyls 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	52-56
27859295-0	2017	Arabidopsis thaliana FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYLS3 (FHY3) and FAR-RED-IMPAIRED RESPONSE1 (FAR1) modulate starch synthesis in response to light and sugar.	Starch	105-111	FRS (FAR1 Related Sequences) transcription factor family	Arabidopsis thaliana	62-88
27859295-0	2017	Arabidopsis thaliana FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYLS3 (FHY3) and FAR-RED-IMPAIRED RESPONSE1 (FAR1) modulate starch synthesis in response to light and sugar.	Starch	105-111	FRS (FAR1 Related Sequences) transcription factor family	Arabidopsis thaliana	90-94
27880021-6	2017	The activation state of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, a key enzyme in starch synthesis, was higher in antisense roots than in roots overexpressing NDPK1.	Starch	71-77	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	24-53
27880021-6	2017	The activation state of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, a key enzyme in starch synthesis, was higher in antisense roots than in roots overexpressing NDPK1.	Starch	71-77	nucleoside diphosphate kinase	Solanum tuberosum	148-153
27880021-8	2017	Consequently, antisense NDPK1 roots accumulated more starch and the starch to cellulose ratio was negatively affected by the level of NDPK1.	Starch	53-59	nucleoside diphosphate kinase	Solanum tuberosum	24-29
27880021-8	2017	Consequently, antisense NDPK1 roots accumulated more starch and the starch to cellulose ratio was negatively affected by the level of NDPK1.	Starch	68-74	nucleoside diphosphate kinase	Solanum tuberosum	24-29
27880021-8	2017	Consequently, antisense NDPK1 roots accumulated more starch and the starch to cellulose ratio was negatively affected by the level of NDPK1.	Starch	68-74	nucleoside diphosphate kinase	Solanum tuberosum	134-139
27880021-9	2017	These data support the idea that modulation of NDPK1 affects the distribution of carbon between starch and cellulose biosynthetic pathways.	Starch	96-102	nucleoside diphosphate kinase	Solanum tuberosum	47-52
28225829-0	2017	Inhibition of Arabidopsis chloroplast beta-amylase BAM3 by maltotriose suggests a mechanism for the control of transitory leaf starch mobilisation.	Starch	127-133	Leucine-rich receptor-like protein kinase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	51-55
28225829-2	2017	In Arabidopsis chloroplasts, beta-amylase BAM3 hydrolyses transitory starch, producing maltose and residual maltotriose.	Starch	69-75	Leucine-rich receptor-like protein kinase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	42-46
28225829-10	2017	Our results may explain the impaired starch breakdown in maltotriose-accumulating mutants such as dpe1 which lacks the chloroplast disproportionating enzyme (DPE1) metabolising maltotriose to glucose.	Starch	37-43	disproportionating enzyme	Arabidopsis thaliana	98-102
28225829-10	2017	Our results may explain the impaired starch breakdown in maltotriose-accumulating mutants such as dpe1 which lacks the chloroplast disproportionating enzyme (DPE1) metabolising maltotriose to glucose.	Starch	37-43	disproportionating enzyme	Arabidopsis thaliana	158-162
28225829-11	2017	We hypothesise that the rate of starch breakdown in leaves can be regulated by inhibition of BAM3 by maltotriose, the concentration of which is determined by DPE, which is in turn influenced by the stromal concentration of glucose.	Starch	32-38	Leucine-rich receptor-like protein kinase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	93-97
28192388-0	2017	Degradable Starch Microspheres Transcatheter Arterial Chemoembolization (DSM-TACE) in Intrahepatic Cholangiocellular Carcinoma (ICC): Results from a National Multi-Center Study on Safety and Efficacy.	Starch	11-17	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17	Homo sapiens	77-81
28152100-2	2017	Here we show that leaves of gwd, sex4, bam4, bam1/bam3 and amy3/isa3/lda starch breakdown mutants accumulate higher levels of starch than wild type (WT) leaves when cultured under continuous light (CL) conditions.	Starch	73-79	alpha-amylase-like 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	59-63
28152100-2	2017	Here we show that leaves of gwd, sex4, bam4, bam1/bam3 and amy3/isa3/lda starch breakdown mutants accumulate higher levels of starch than wild type (WT) leaves when cultured under continuous light (CL) conditions.	Starch	73-79	isoamylase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	64-68
28098196-2	2017	Here, HFO nanoparticles with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or starch as modifier was synthesized for the purpose of stability improvement and As(V) removal from water.	Starch	62-68	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	142-147
28300770-0	2017	Transglycosylated Starch Improves Insulin Response and Alters Lipid and Amino Acid Metabolome in a Growing Pig Model.	Starch	18-24	insulin	Sus scrofa	34-41
28221792-7	2017	Among the 174 proteins related to starch metabolism, 31 proteins related to starch hydrolysis, such as alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and beta-fructofuranosidase, showed higher relative abundance in control and GA treatments in XZ72 than in XZ95.	Starch	34-40	Agl1	Hordeum vulgare	118-135
28221792-7	2017	Among the 174 proteins related to starch metabolism, 31 proteins related to starch hydrolysis, such as alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase, and beta-fructofuranosidase, showed higher relative abundance in control and GA treatments in XZ72 than in XZ95.	Starch	76-82	Agl1	Hordeum vulgare	118-135
27859295-5	2017	Disruption of FHY3 or FAR1 reduced starch accumulation and altered starch granule structure in the fhy3-4, far1-2, and fhy3-4 far1-2 mutant plants.	Starch	35-41	far-red elongated hypocotyls 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	14-18
27859295-5	2017	Disruption of FHY3 or FAR1 reduced starch accumulation and altered starch granule structure in the fhy3-4, far1-2, and fhy3-4 far1-2 mutant plants.	Starch	35-41	FRS (FAR1 Related Sequences) transcription factor family	Arabidopsis thaliana	22-26
27859295-5	2017	Disruption of FHY3 or FAR1 reduced starch accumulation and altered starch granule structure in the fhy3-4, far1-2, and fhy3-4 far1-2 mutant plants.	Starch	67-73	far-red elongated hypocotyls 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	14-18
27859295-5	2017	Disruption of FHY3 or FAR1 reduced starch accumulation and altered starch granule structure in the fhy3-4, far1-2, and fhy3-4 far1-2 mutant plants.	Starch	67-73	FRS (FAR1 Related Sequences) transcription factor family	Arabidopsis thaliana	22-26
27859295-6	2017	Furthermore, molecular and genetic evidence revealed that the gene encoding the starch-debranching enzyme ISOAMYLASE2 (ISA2) is a direct target of FHY3 and FAR1, and functions in light-induced starch synthesis.	Starch	80-86	debranching enzyme 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	106-117
27859295-6	2017	Furthermore, molecular and genetic evidence revealed that the gene encoding the starch-debranching enzyme ISOAMYLASE2 (ISA2) is a direct target of FHY3 and FAR1, and functions in light-induced starch synthesis.	Starch	80-86	debranching enzyme 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	119-123
27859295-6	2017	Furthermore, molecular and genetic evidence revealed that the gene encoding the starch-debranching enzyme ISOAMYLASE2 (ISA2) is a direct target of FHY3 and FAR1, and functions in light-induced starch synthesis.	Starch	80-86	far-red elongated hypocotyls 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	147-151
27859295-6	2017	Furthermore, molecular and genetic evidence revealed that the gene encoding the starch-debranching enzyme ISOAMYLASE2 (ISA2) is a direct target of FHY3 and FAR1, and functions in light-induced starch synthesis.	Starch	80-86	FRS (FAR1 Related Sequences) transcription factor family	Arabidopsis thaliana	156-160
27859295-6	2017	Furthermore, molecular and genetic evidence revealed that the gene encoding the starch-debranching enzyme ISOAMYLASE2 (ISA2) is a direct target of FHY3 and FAR1, and functions in light-induced starch synthesis.	Starch	193-199	debranching enzyme 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	106-117
27859295-6	2017	Furthermore, molecular and genetic evidence revealed that the gene encoding the starch-debranching enzyme ISOAMYLASE2 (ISA2) is a direct target of FHY3 and FAR1, and functions in light-induced starch synthesis.	Starch	193-199	debranching enzyme 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	119-123
27859295-6	2017	Furthermore, molecular and genetic evidence revealed that the gene encoding the starch-debranching enzyme ISOAMYLASE2 (ISA2) is a direct target of FHY3 and FAR1, and functions in light-induced starch synthesis.	Starch	193-199	far-red elongated hypocotyls 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	147-151
27859295-6	2017	Furthermore, molecular and genetic evidence revealed that the gene encoding the starch-debranching enzyme ISOAMYLASE2 (ISA2) is a direct target of FHY3 and FAR1, and functions in light-induced starch synthesis.	Starch	193-199	FRS (FAR1 Related Sequences) transcription factor family	Arabidopsis thaliana	156-160
27859295-7	2017	Our data establish the first molecular link between light signal transduction and starch synthesis, suggesting that the light-signaling proteins FHY3 and FAR1 influence starch synthesis and starch granule formation through transcriptional activation of ISA2.	Starch	82-88	far-red elongated hypocotyls 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	145-149
27859295-7	2017	Our data establish the first molecular link between light signal transduction and starch synthesis, suggesting that the light-signaling proteins FHY3 and FAR1 influence starch synthesis and starch granule formation through transcriptional activation of ISA2.	Starch	82-88	FRS (FAR1 Related Sequences) transcription factor family	Arabidopsis thaliana	154-158
27859295-7	2017	Our data establish the first molecular link between light signal transduction and starch synthesis, suggesting that the light-signaling proteins FHY3 and FAR1 influence starch synthesis and starch granule formation through transcriptional activation of ISA2.	Starch	82-88	debranching enzyme 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	253-257
27859295-7	2017	Our data establish the first molecular link between light signal transduction and starch synthesis, suggesting that the light-signaling proteins FHY3 and FAR1 influence starch synthesis and starch granule formation through transcriptional activation of ISA2.	Starch	169-175	far-red elongated hypocotyls 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	145-149
27859295-7	2017	Our data establish the first molecular link between light signal transduction and starch synthesis, suggesting that the light-signaling proteins FHY3 and FAR1 influence starch synthesis and starch granule formation through transcriptional activation of ISA2.	Starch	169-175	FRS (FAR1 Related Sequences) transcription factor family	Arabidopsis thaliana	154-158
27859295-7	2017	Our data establish the first molecular link between light signal transduction and starch synthesis, suggesting that the light-signaling proteins FHY3 and FAR1 influence starch synthesis and starch granule formation through transcriptional activation of ISA2.	Starch	169-175	debranching enzyme 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	253-257
27859295-7	2017	Our data establish the first molecular link between light signal transduction and starch synthesis, suggesting that the light-signaling proteins FHY3 and FAR1 influence starch synthesis and starch granule formation through transcriptional activation of ISA2.	Starch	169-175	far-red elongated hypocotyls 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	145-149
27859295-7	2017	Our data establish the first molecular link between light signal transduction and starch synthesis, suggesting that the light-signaling proteins FHY3 and FAR1 influence starch synthesis and starch granule formation through transcriptional activation of ISA2.	Starch	169-175	FRS (FAR1 Related Sequences) transcription factor family	Arabidopsis thaliana	154-158
27859295-7	2017	Our data establish the first molecular link between light signal transduction and starch synthesis, suggesting that the light-signaling proteins FHY3 and FAR1 influence starch synthesis and starch granule formation through transcriptional activation of ISA2.	Starch	169-175	debranching enzyme 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	253-257
28228143-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Salivary (AMY1) and pancreatic (AMY2) amylases hydrolyze starch.	Starch	69-75	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	22-26
28228143-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Salivary (AMY1) and pancreatic (AMY2) amylases hydrolyze starch.	Starch	69-75	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	44-48
28228143-2	2017	Copy number of AMY1A (encoding AMY1) was reported to be higher in populations with a high-starch diet and reduced in obese people.	Starch	90-96	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	15-20
28228143-2	2017	Copy number of AMY1A (encoding AMY1) was reported to be higher in populations with a high-starch diet and reduced in obese people.	Starch	90-96	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	15-19
28222742-0	2017	Resistant starch lowers postprandial glucose and leptin in overweight adults consuming a moderate-to-high-fat diet: a randomized-controlled trial.	Starch	10-16	leptin	Homo sapiens	49-55
28152100-3	2017	We also show that leaves of CL grown dpe1 plants impaired in the plastidic disproportionating enzyme accumulate higher levels of maltotriose than WT leaves, the overall data providing evidence for the occurrence of extensive starch degradation in illuminated leaves.	Starch	225-231	disproportionating enzyme	Arabidopsis thaliana	37-41
28152100-4	2017	Moreover, we show that leaves of CL grown mex1/pglct plants impaired in the chloroplastic maltose and glucose transporters display a severe dwarf phenotype and accumulate high levels of maltose, strongly indicating that the MEX1 and pGlcT transporters are involved in the export of starch breakdown products to the cytosol to support growth during illumination.	Starch	282-288	plastidic GLC translocator	Arabidopsis thaliana	47-52
28152100-4	2017	Moreover, we show that leaves of CL grown mex1/pglct plants impaired in the chloroplastic maltose and glucose transporters display a severe dwarf phenotype and accumulate high levels of maltose, strongly indicating that the MEX1 and pGlcT transporters are involved in the export of starch breakdown products to the cytosol to support growth during illumination.	Starch	282-288	root cap 1 (RCP1)	Arabidopsis thaliana	224-228
28152100-5	2017	To investigate whether starch breakdown products can be recycled back to starch during illumination through a mechanism involving ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) we conducted kinetic analyses of the stable isotope carbon composition (delta13C) in starch of leaves of 13CO2 pulsed-chased WT and AGP lacking aps1 plants.	Starch	23-29	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	130-159
28152100-5	2017	To investigate whether starch breakdown products can be recycled back to starch during illumination through a mechanism involving ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) we conducted kinetic analyses of the stable isotope carbon composition (delta13C) in starch of leaves of 13CO2 pulsed-chased WT and AGP lacking aps1 plants.	Starch	23-29	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	161-164
28152100-5	2017	To investigate whether starch breakdown products can be recycled back to starch during illumination through a mechanism involving ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) we conducted kinetic analyses of the stable isotope carbon composition (delta13C) in starch of leaves of 13CO2 pulsed-chased WT and AGP lacking aps1 plants.	Starch	73-79	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	161-164
28152100-5	2017	To investigate whether starch breakdown products can be recycled back to starch during illumination through a mechanism involving ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) we conducted kinetic analyses of the stable isotope carbon composition (delta13C) in starch of leaves of 13CO2 pulsed-chased WT and AGP lacking aps1 plants.	Starch	73-79	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	161-164
28152100-6	2017	Notably, the rate of increase of delta13C in starch of aps1 leaves during the pulse was exceedingly higher than that of WT leaves.	Starch	45-51	ATP sulfurylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	55-59
27932260-1	2017	In the present study, the equilibrium adsorption of caffeic acid (CA) and its derivatives, namely, chlorogenic (CGA) and rosmarinic (RA) acids on cationic cross-linked starch (CCS) with degree of substitution of quaternary ammonium groups of 0.42 have been investigated in relation to the structure and acidity of phenolic acids.	Starch	168-174	chromogranin A	Homo sapiens	112-115
27794221-0	2016	Deficiency in phytochrome A alters photosynthetic activity, leaf starch metabolism and shoot biomass production in tomato.	Starch	65-71	Phytochrome A	Solanum lycopersicum	14-27
27558678-3	2017	alpha-Amylase (alpha-Amy) and alpha-glucosidase (alpha-Gls) are two enzymes which are involved in the hydrolysis of starch into sugars and disaccharides leading to the increase of blood glucose level.	Starch	116-122	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	30-47
27558678-3	2017	alpha-Amylase (alpha-Amy) and alpha-glucosidase (alpha-Gls) are two enzymes which are involved in the hydrolysis of starch into sugars and disaccharides leading to the increase of blood glucose level.	Starch	116-122	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	49-58
27699473-9	2017	Full knockout of GBSS enzyme activity was confirmed in four-allele mutated lines by phenotypic studies of starch.	Starch	106-112	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	17-21
27709320-0	2017	ZmDof3, a maize endosperm-specific Dof protein gene, regulates starch accumulation and aleurone development in maize endosperm.	Starch	63-69	dof zinc finger protein DOF3.6-like	Zea mays	0-6
27709320-3	2017	Suppression of ZmDof3 resulted in a defective kernel phenotype with reduced starch content and a partially patchy aleurone layer.	Starch	76-82	dof zinc finger protein DOF3.6-like	Zea mays	15-21
27561529-0	2016	Design of starch functionalized biodegradable P(MAA-co-MMA) as carrier matrix for l-asparaginase immobilization.	Starch	10-16	asparaginase and isoaspartyl peptidase 1	Homo sapiens	82-96
27561529-1	2016	We prepared biodegradable P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite as carrier matrix for the immobilization of l-asparaginase (l-ASNase), an important chemotherapeutic agent in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.	Starch	40-46	asparaginase and isoaspartyl peptidase 1	Homo sapiens	101-115
27561529-1	2016	We prepared biodegradable P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite as carrier matrix for the immobilization of l-asparaginase (l-ASNase), an important chemotherapeutic agent in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.	Starch	40-46	asparaginase and isoaspartyl peptidase 1	Homo sapiens	117-125
27561529-4	2016	Then, l-ASNase was immobilized on the P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composites.	Starch	52-58	asparaginase and isoaspartyl peptidase 1	Homo sapiens	6-14
27561529-7	2016	The immobilized l-ASNase had better showed thermal and pH stability, and remained stable after 30days of storage at 25 C. Thus, based on the findings of the present work, the P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite can be exploited as the biocompatible matrix used for l-ASNase immobilization for medical applications due to biocompatibility and biodegradability.	Starch	189-195	asparaginase and isoaspartyl peptidase 1	Homo sapiens	16-24
27561529-7	2016	The immobilized l-ASNase had better showed thermal and pH stability, and remained stable after 30days of storage at 25 C. Thus, based on the findings of the present work, the P(MAA-co-MMA)-starch composite can be exploited as the biocompatible matrix used for l-ASNase immobilization for medical applications due to biocompatibility and biodegradability.	Starch	189-195	asparaginase and isoaspartyl peptidase 1	Homo sapiens	260-268
27283664-4	2016	The extrusion cooking did cause complete starch gelatinization and protein denaturation of the bean powders and thus changed their pasting properties and solvent-retention capacities.	Starch	41-47	brain expressed associated with NEDD4 1	Homo sapiens	95-99
27516291-1	2016	The roles that the compact structure and proteins in pasta play in retarding evolution of starch molecular structure during in vitro digestion are explored, using four types of cooked samples: whole pasta, pasta powder, semolina (with proteins) and extracted starch without proteins.	Starch	90-96	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	53-58
27516291-3	2016	Measurement of alpha-amylase activity showed that a protein (or proteins) from semolina or pasta powder interacted with alpha-amylase, causing reduced enzymatic activity and retarding digestion of branched starch molecules with hydrodynamic radius (Rh)&lt;100nm; this protein(s) was susceptible to proteolysis.	Starch	206-212	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	91-96
27516291-4	2016	Thus the compact structure of pasta protects the starch and proteins in the interior of the whole pasta, reducing the enzymatic degradation of starch molecules, especially for molecules with Rh&gt;100nm.	Starch	49-55	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	30-35
27516291-4	2016	Thus the compact structure of pasta protects the starch and proteins in the interior of the whole pasta, reducing the enzymatic degradation of starch molecules, especially for molecules with Rh&gt;100nm.	Starch	49-55	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	98-103
27516291-4	2016	Thus the compact structure of pasta protects the starch and proteins in the interior of the whole pasta, reducing the enzymatic degradation of starch molecules, especially for molecules with Rh&gt;100nm.	Starch	143-149	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	30-35
27516291-4	2016	Thus the compact structure of pasta protects the starch and proteins in the interior of the whole pasta, reducing the enzymatic degradation of starch molecules, especially for molecules with Rh&gt;100nm.	Starch	143-149	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	98-103
27240662-9	2016	The Vmax values for the free and immobilized enzymes were calculated as 1.75 and 1.03 mumol mg-1 min-1, in order, when starch was used as the substrate.	Starch	119-125	CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group)	Homo sapiens	97-102
27471091-1	2016	The copolymerization of starch with acrylic acid AAc using direct gamma radiation technique was performed.	Starch	24-30	glycine-N-acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	49-52
27663407-5	2016	Notably, the mesophyll cells of pgi1-2 leaves accumulated exceptionally high levels of starch following VC exposure.	Starch	87-93	phosphoglucose isomerase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	32-36
27663407-6	2016	Proteomic analyses revealed that VCs promote global changes in the expression of proteins involved in photosynthesis, starch metabolism, and growth that can account for the observed responses in pgi1-2 plants.	Starch	118-124	phosphoglucose isomerase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	195-199
27766981-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Dietary sugar and starch affect plasma glucose and insulin concentrations.	Starch	30-36	INS	Equus caballus	63-70
28204541-2	2017	Here, we report that the starch-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana phosphoglucomutase (pgm) mutant has impaired penetration resistance against the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum.	Starch	25-31	phosphoglucomutase	Arabidopsis thaliana	63-81
28204541-2	2017	Here, we report that the starch-deficient Arabidopsis thaliana phosphoglucomutase (pgm) mutant has impaired penetration resistance against the hemibiotrophic fungus Colletotrichum higginsianum.	Starch	25-31	phosphoglucomutase	Arabidopsis thaliana	83-86
27709320-4	2017	The expression levels of starch synthesis-related genes and aleurone differentiation-associated genes were down-regulated in ZmDof3 knockdown kernels, indicating that ZmDof3 plays an important role in maize endosperm development.	Starch	25-31	dof zinc finger protein DOF3.6-like	Zea mays	125-131
27709320-4	2017	The expression levels of starch synthesis-related genes and aleurone differentiation-associated genes were down-regulated in ZmDof3 knockdown kernels, indicating that ZmDof3 plays an important role in maize endosperm development.	Starch	25-31	dof zinc finger protein DOF3.6-like	Zea mays	167-173
27709320-10	2017	The endosperm of ZmDof3 knockdown kernels was loosely packed with irregular starch granules observed by electronic microscope.	Starch	76-82	dof zinc finger protein DOF3.6-like	Zea mays	17-23
27709320-12	2017	Moreover, ZmDof3 could bind to the Dof core element in the promoter of starch biosynthesis genes Du1 and Su2 in vitro and in vivo.	Starch	71-77	dof zinc finger protein DOF3.6-like	Zea mays	10-16
27709320-15	2017	Our study reveals that ZmDof3 functions in maize endosperm development as a positive regulator in the signaling system controlling starch accumulation and aleurone development.	Starch	131-137	dof zinc finger protein DOF3.6-like	Zea mays	23-29
27743414-7	2017	Mutation in CHER1 resulted in a starch excess phenotype and stunted growth.	Starch	32-38	Plasma-membrane choline transporter family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	12-17
28088923-7	2016	Feed conversion ratio (FCR) may be reduced by either increasing protein energy intake or decreasing starch energy intake.	Starch	100-106	FCR	Gallus gallus	0-21
28088923-7	2016	Feed conversion ratio (FCR) may be reduced by either increasing protein energy intake or decreasing starch energy intake.	Starch	100-106	FCR	Gallus gallus	23-26
28088923-8	2016	As the slope of the contours was less than 1, the influence of starch energy intakes on FCR exceeded that of protein energy intakes.	Starch	63-69	FCR	Gallus gallus	88-91
27664924-8	2016	Cell culture experiments demonstrated that higher starch content can enhance proliferation, ALP activity, and mineralization of osteoblast-like cells (MG63).	Starch	50-56	ATHS	Homo sapiens	92-95
27052104-6	2016	It is the first time, when ITC was used to investigate of HSA-catalysed hydrolysis of different substrates (2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl-4-O-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-maltoside, maltoheptaose and starch) in the presence of acarbose inhibitor.	Starch	189-195	albumin	Homo sapiens	58-61
26830109-1	2016	UNLABELLED:  : Starch requires six enzymes for digestion to free glucose: two amylases (salivary and pancreatic) and four mucosal maltase activities; sucrase-isomaltase and maltase-glucoamylase.	Starch	15-21	sucrase isomaltase (alpha-glucosidase)	Mus musculus	150-168
26830109-1	2016	UNLABELLED:  : Starch requires six enzymes for digestion to free glucose: two amylases (salivary and pancreatic) and four mucosal maltase activities; sucrase-isomaltase and maltase-glucoamylase.	Starch	15-21	maltase-glucoamylase	Mus musculus	173-193
27816752-2	2016	However, little has been examined about the physiological action of ghrelin on preference for different types of carbohydrate such as glucose, fructose, and starch.	Starch	157-163	ghrelin	Mus musculus	68-75
27794100-6	2016	Based on this analysis, we characterized starch dynamics in mutants affecting hexose phosphate metabolism and translocation, and identified the Glc-6-phosphate/phosphate antiporter GPT1 as the putative translocator of Glc-6-phosphate for starch biosynthesis in reproductive tissues.	Starch	41-47	glucose 6-phosphate/phosphate translocator 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	181-185
27794100-6	2016	Based on this analysis, we characterized starch dynamics in mutants affecting hexose phosphate metabolism and translocation, and identified the Glc-6-phosphate/phosphate antiporter GPT1 as the putative translocator of Glc-6-phosphate for starch biosynthesis in reproductive tissues.	Starch	238-244	glucose 6-phosphate/phosphate translocator 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	181-185
27611240-13	2016	Expression of TaMBD6 appeared to be positively correlated with starch metabolism in the endosperm but was negatively correlated with embryo formation and sprouting.	Starch	63-69	methyl-CpG-binding domain-containing protein 11	Triticum aestivum	14-20
27968995-5	2016	In a double knockout mutant of OsSPS1 and OsSPS11 (sps1/sps11), an 84% reduction in leaf SPS activity resulted in higher starch accumulation in the leaves than in the wild-type leaves.	Starch	121-127	solanesyl diphosphate synthase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	51-55
27853181-5	2016	We find evidence of multiple secondary losses of copy number with the highest frequency (52%) of a deletion of AMY2A and associated low copy number of AMY1 in Northeast Siberian populations whose diet has been low in starch content.	Starch	217-223	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	111-116
28018628-0	2016	Amy2B copy number variation reveals starch diet adaptations in ancient European dogs.	Starch	36-42	amylase, alpha 2B (pancreatic)	Canis lupus familiaris	0-5
27756128-0	2016	Evaluation of the Significance of Starch Surface Binding Sites on Human Pancreatic alpha-Amylase.	Starch	34-40	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	72-96
27756128-2	2016	Cleavage of starch into malto-oligosaccharides in the gut is catalyzed by pancreatic alpha-amylase.	Starch	12-18	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	74-98
27406651-1	2016	Adaptations allowing dogs to thrive on a diet rich in starch, including a significant AMY2B copy number gain, constituted a crucial step in the evolution of the dog from the wolf.	Starch	54-60	amylase, alpha 2B (pancreatic)	Canis lupus familiaris	86-91
27717459-0	2016	The down-regulation of the genes encoding Isoamylase 1 alters the starch composition of the durum wheat grain.	Starch	66-72	iso1	Hordeum vulgare	42-54
27717459-1	2016	In rice, maize and barley, the lack of Isoamylase 1 activity materially affects the composition of endosperm starch.	Starch	109-115	iso1	Hordeum vulgare	39-51
27812358-1	2016	2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HP-beta-CD) is a chemically modified cyclic oligosaccharide produced from starch that is commonly used as an excipient.	Starch	109-115	beta-carotene oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	38-45
29369606-1	2016	Differences in isoenzyme pattern of aromatic alcohol dehydrogenase, NADP-AADH or CAD, were found in the Triticum aestivum L. winter bread wheat cultivars by the method of electrophoresis in the starch gel.	Starch	194-200	probable cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase	Triticum aestivum	68-84
27450115-2	2016	Recent advances in structures of starch-degrading enzymes encompass the substrate complex of starch debranching enzyme, the function of surface binding sites in plant isoamylase, details on individual steps in the mechanism of plant disproportionating enzyme and a self-stabilised conformation of amylose accommodated in the active site of plant alpha-glucosidase.	Starch	33-39	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	346-363
27312646-0	2016	A green approach for starch modification: Esterification by lipase and novel imidazolium surfactant.	Starch	21-27	lipase	Zea mays	60-66
27424088-1	2016	Here, we demonstrated that starch-capped silver nanoparticles (AgNPST) with a size range of 10-15nm could readily interact with a small protein bovine alpha-lactalbumin (BLA) through the formation of protein corona.	Starch	27-33	lactalbumin alpha	Bos taurus	151-168
27314514-3	2016	The present study describes a novel metabolic engineering ploy involving the constitutive down-regulation of endogenous ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (BjAGPase) enzyme and the seed-specific expression of WRINKLED1 transcription factor (AtWRI1) from Arabidopsis thaliana in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) with an aim to divert the photosynthetically fixed carbon pool from starch to lipid synthesis in the seeds for the enhanced production of storage lipids in the seeds of transgenic mustard plants.	Starch	374-380	Integrase-type DNA-binding superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	204-213
27314514-3	2016	The present study describes a novel metabolic engineering ploy involving the constitutive down-regulation of endogenous ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (BjAGPase) enzyme and the seed-specific expression of WRINKLED1 transcription factor (AtWRI1) from Arabidopsis thaliana in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) with an aim to divert the photosynthetically fixed carbon pool from starch to lipid synthesis in the seeds for the enhanced production of storage lipids in the seeds of transgenic mustard plants.	Starch	374-380	Integrase-type DNA-binding superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	236-242
27458017-3	2016	An Arabidopsis mutant lacking the glucosyl-transferase, STARCH SYNTHASE 4 (SS4) is impaired in its ability to initiate starch granules; its chloroplasts rarely contain more than one large granule, and the plants have a pale appearance and reduced growth.	Starch	119-125	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	56-73
27621432-0	2016	Maize endosperm-specific transcription factors O2 and PBF network the regulation of protein and starch synthesis.	Starch	96-102	regulatory protein opaque-2	Zea mays	47-49
27621432-0	2016	Maize endosperm-specific transcription factors O2 and PBF network the regulation of protein and starch synthesis.	Starch	96-102	dof zinc finger protein PBF	Zea mays	54-57
27621432-3	2016	The starch content in the PbfRNAi and o2 mutants was reduced by ~5% and 11%, respectively, compared with normal genotypes.	Starch	4-10	regulatory protein opaque-2	Zea mays	38-40
27621432-4	2016	In the double-mutant PbfRNAi;o2, starch was decreased by 25%.	Starch	33-39	regulatory protein opaque-2	Zea mays	29-31
27458017-3	2016	An Arabidopsis mutant lacking the glucosyl-transferase, STARCH SYNTHASE 4 (SS4) is impaired in its ability to initiate starch granules; its chloroplasts rarely contain more than one large granule, and the plants have a pale appearance and reduced growth.	Starch	119-125	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	75-78
27458017-4	2016	Here we report that the chloroplastic alpha-amylase AMY3, a starch-degrading enzyme, interferes with granule initiation in the ss4 mutant background.	Starch	60-66	alpha-amylase-like 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	52-56
27458017-4	2016	Here we report that the chloroplastic alpha-amylase AMY3, a starch-degrading enzyme, interferes with granule initiation in the ss4 mutant background.	Starch	60-66	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	127-130
27458017-5	2016	The amy3 single mutant is similar in phenotype to the wild type under normal growth conditions, with comparable numbers of starch granules per chloroplast.	Starch	123-129	alpha-amylase-like 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	4-8
27458017-7	2016	Remarkably, complete abolition of AMY3 (in the amy3 ss4 double mutant) increases the number of starch granules produced in each chloroplast, suppresses the pale phenotype of ss4, and nearly restores normal growth.	Starch	95-101	alpha-amylase-like 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	34-38
27669224-4	2016	The results showed that the transcription levels of some starch synthesis-related enzyme genes were markedly induced at different sampling time points: TaSSI, TaSSIV, TaBEIII, TaISA1, TaISA3, TaPHOL, and TaDPE1 genes were induced at each of the three sampling time points and TaAGPS1-b, TaAGPL1, TaAGPL2, TaSSIIb, TaSSIIc, TaSSIIIb, TaBEI, TaBEIIa, TaBEIIb, TaISA2, TaPHOH, and TaDPE2 genes were induced at one sampling time point.	Starch	57-63	4-alpha-glucanotransferase DPE1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Triticum aestivum	204-210
27458017-7	2016	Remarkably, complete abolition of AMY3 (in the amy3 ss4 double mutant) increases the number of starch granules produced in each chloroplast, suppresses the pale phenotype of ss4, and nearly restores normal growth.	Starch	95-101	alpha-amylase-like 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	47-51
27458017-7	2016	Remarkably, complete abolition of AMY3 (in the amy3 ss4 double mutant) increases the number of starch granules produced in each chloroplast, suppresses the pale phenotype of ss4, and nearly restores normal growth.	Starch	95-101	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	52-55
27458017-8	2016	The amy3 mutation also restores starch synthesis in the ss3 ss4 double mutant, which lacks STARCH SYNTHASE 3 (SS3) in addition to SS4.	Starch	32-38	alpha-amylase-like 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	4-8
27713965-0	2016	Dietary resistant starch type 4-derived butyrate attenuates nuclear factor-kappa-B1 through modulation of histone H3 trimethylation at lysine 27.	Starch	18-24	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	60-83
27261752-0	2016	Dosage effects of Waxy gene on the structures and properties of corn starch.	Starch	69-75	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	18-22
27261752-5	2016	The gelatinization conclusion-temperature and temperature-range of the starch were negatively correlated with the Waxy-gene dosage, indicating that amylose facilitated dissociation of the surrounding crystalline regions.	Starch	71-77	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	114-118
27481351-1	2016	alpha-amylase is an important enzyme involved in starch degradation to provide energy to the germinating seedling.	Starch	49-55	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Glycine max	0-13
27428812-0	2016	The Conversion of Starch and Sugars into Branched C10 and C11 Hydrocarbons.	Starch	18-24	homeobox C10	Homo sapiens	50-53
27428812-0	2016	The Conversion of Starch and Sugars into Branched C10 and C11 Hydrocarbons.	Starch	18-24	RNA polymerase III subunit K	Homo sapiens	58-61
27603917-11	2016	Interestingly, due to their particular composition and structure, lentil and faba pasta released their starch more slowly than the commercial gluten-free pasta during the in-vitro digestion process.	Starch	103-109	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	82-87
27586456-3	2016	In transgenic plants with increased SBPase activity, photosynthetic rates were increased and in parallel an increase in sucrose and starch accumulation was evident.	Starch	132-138	chloroplast sedoheptulose-1,7-bisphosphatase	Solanum lycopersicum	36-42
27569713-0	2016	PEG and Thickeners: A Critical Interaction Between Polyethylene Glycol Laxative and Starch-Based Thickeners.	Starch	84-90	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Homo sapiens	0-3
27569713-3	2016	We report a newly identified and potentially dangerous interaction between polyethylene glycol 3350 laxative (PEG) and starch-thickened liquids.	Starch	119-125	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Homo sapiens	110-113
27174619-13	2016	Future research should examine whether a similar association is observed for other sources of resistant starch, such as whole grains, which are arguably more strongly linked with satiety and host insulin levels.	Starch	104-110	insulin	Homo sapiens	196-203
27569713-8	2016	Results confirmed a precipitous loss of thickening when PEG was added to starch-based thickeners but not with xanthan gum-based thickeners.	Starch	73-79	progestagen associated endometrial protein	Homo sapiens	56-59
27358407-6	2016	Exogenous expression of human Stbd1 in double knock-out mice restored the liver lysosomal glycogen content to the level of GAA knock-out mice, as did a mutant lacking the Atg8 family interacting motif (AIM) and another mutant that contains only the N-terminal 24 hydrophobic segment and the C-terminal starch binding domain (CBM20) interlinked by an HA tag.	Starch	302-308	starch binding domain 1	Homo sapiens	30-35
27440755-5	2016	The fum2 plants accumulated higher concentrations of phosphorylated sugar intermediates and of starch and malate.	Starch	95-101	FUMARASE 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	4-8
27178930-0	2016	Improved stability and controlled release of CLA with spray-dried microcapsules of OSA-modified starch and xanthan gum.	Starch	96-102	selectin P ligand	Homo sapiens	45-48
27460439-5	2016	The increased activities of alpha-amylase and protease enzymes corroborated with decreased content of starch and protein, respectively, in the germinating seeds.	Starch	102-108	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	28-41
27460439-8	2016	Physiological and biochemical studies suggest that Cu-chitosan NPs enhance the seedling growth of maize by mobilizing the reserved food, primarily starch, through the higher activity of alpha-amylase.	Starch	147-153	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	186-199
27436713-2	2016	In guard cells, starch is rapidly mobilized by the synergistic action of beta-AMYLASE1 (BAM1) and alpha-AMYLASE3 (AMY3) to promote stomatal opening.	Starch	16-22	beta-amylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	88-92
27436713-2	2016	In guard cells, starch is rapidly mobilized by the synergistic action of beta-AMYLASE1 (BAM1) and alpha-AMYLASE3 (AMY3) to promote stomatal opening.	Starch	16-22	amylase alpha 2B	Homo sapiens	98-112
27436713-2	2016	In guard cells, starch is rapidly mobilized by the synergistic action of beta-AMYLASE1 (BAM1) and alpha-AMYLASE3 (AMY3) to promote stomatal opening.	Starch	16-22	amylase alpha 2B	Homo sapiens	114-118
27436713-4	2016	During osmotic stress, starch is degraded in the light by stress-activated BAM1 to release sugar and sugar-derived osmolytes.	Starch	23-29	beta-amylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	75-79
27436713-5	2016	Here, we report that AMY3 is also involved in stress-induced starch degradation.	Starch	61-67	amylase alpha 2B	Homo sapiens	21-25
27154345-1	2016	Phosphoglucan phosphatases (Like-SEX4 1 and 2; LSF1 and LSF2) were reported to play roles in starch metabolism in leaves of Arabidopsis.	Starch	93-99	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	33-37
27068483-3	2016	The AMY1 gene harbors extensive copy number variation (CNV), and recent studies have implicated this variation in adaptation to starch-rich diets and in association to obesity for European and Asian populations.	Starch	128-134	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	4-8
27085409-6	2016	The concentration of nonstructural carbohydrates (water-soluble carbohydrates plus starch) was numerically greater in the p.m.- versus the a.m.-cut TIM and averaged 13.2+-1.06% and 12.2+-1.13%, respectively.	Starch	83-89	triosephosphate isomerase 1	Bos taurus	148-151
27349915-3	2016	The protein phosphatase LIKE SEX FOUR2 (LSF2) has been reported to regulate starch metabolism in Arabidopsis, but little is known about the mechanism how LSF2 affect ROS homeostasis.	Starch	76-82	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	24-38
27349915-3	2016	The protein phosphatase LIKE SEX FOUR2 (LSF2) has been reported to regulate starch metabolism in Arabidopsis, but little is known about the mechanism how LSF2 affect ROS homeostasis.	Starch	76-82	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	40-44
27282997-0	2016	Sucrose and ABA regulate starch biosynthesis in maize through a novel transcription factor, ZmEREB156.	Starch	25-31	Ethylene-responsive transcription factor RAP2-10-like	Zea mays	92-101
27282997-5	2016	ZmEREB156, a candidate transcription factor, is induced by sucrose plus ABA and is involved in starch biosynthesis.	Starch	95-101	Ethylene-responsive transcription factor RAP2-10-like	Zea mays	0-9
27282997-7	2016	Promoter activity of the starch-related genes Zmsh2 and ZmSSIIIa increased after overexpression of ZmEREB156 in maize endosperm.	Starch	25-31	Ethylene-responsive transcription factor RAP2-10-like	Zea mays	99-108
27282997-9	2016	Thus, ZmEREB156 positively modulates starch biosynthetic gene ZmSSIIIa via the synergistic effect of sucrose and ABA.	Starch	37-43	Ethylene-responsive transcription factor RAP2-10-like	Zea mays	6-15
26712573-0	2016	Milk production and composition responds to dietary neutral detergent fiber and starch ratio in dairy cows.	Starch	80-86	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
26712573-10	2016	It is concluded that NDF : starch ratio can be considered as a potential indicator to evaluate dietary carbohydrate composition and manipulate milk production and composition synthesis.	Starch	27-33	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	143-147
27391593-8	2016	Proteomic analyses indicated that o2 introgression not only decreased the accumulation of various zein proteins except for 27-kDa gamma-zein, but also affected other endosperm proteins related to amino acid biosynthesis, starch-protein balance, stress response and signal transduction.	Starch	221-227	regulatory protein opaque-2	Zea mays	34-36
26066036-8	2016	Natural polymers, such as chitosan and its derivates, alginate derivatives, gamma-PGA-based materials and starch-based nanoparticles have been exploited for oral insulin delivery; synthetic polymers, such as PLGA, PLA, PCL and PEA have also been developed for oral administration of insulin.	Starch	106-112	insulin	Homo sapiens	162-169
27424988-0	2016	Transarterial chemoembolization with degradable starch microspheres (DSM-TACE): an alternative option for advanced HCC patients?	Starch	48-54	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17	Homo sapiens	73-77
27424988-2	2016	OBJECTIVE: To assess safety, feasibility and effectiveness of transarterial chemoembolization with degradable-starch-microspheres (DSM-TACE) in the treatment of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) dismissing or ineligible for multikinase-inhibitor chemotherapy administration (Sorafenib) due to unbearable side effects or clinical contraindications.	Starch	110-116	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17	Homo sapiens	135-139
27299732-1	2016	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP), which consists of two large subunits (AGP-L) and two small subunits (AGP-S), controls the rate-limiting step in the starch biosynthetic pathway.	Starch	153-159	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase small subunit, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Triticum aestivum	0-29
27299732-1	2016	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP), which consists of two large subunits (AGP-L) and two small subunits (AGP-S), controls the rate-limiting step in the starch biosynthetic pathway.	Starch	153-159	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase small subunit, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Triticum aestivum	31-34
27299732-1	2016	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP), which consists of two large subunits (AGP-L) and two small subunits (AGP-S), controls the rate-limiting step in the starch biosynthetic pathway.	Starch	153-159	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase small subunit, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Triticum aestivum	75-78
27299732-1	2016	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP), which consists of two large subunits (AGP-L) and two small subunits (AGP-S), controls the rate-limiting step in the starch biosynthetic pathway.	Starch	153-159	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase small subunit, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Triticum aestivum	106-111
27154345-1	2016	Phosphoglucan phosphatases (Like-SEX4 1 and 2; LSF1 and LSF2) were reported to play roles in starch metabolism in leaves of Arabidopsis.	Starch	93-99	like SEX4 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	47-51
27154345-1	2016	Phosphoglucan phosphatases (Like-SEX4 1 and 2; LSF1 and LSF2) were reported to play roles in starch metabolism in leaves of Arabidopsis.	Starch	93-99	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	56-60
27154345-11	2016	The strong relationships detected between LSF2 and starch excess4 (SEX4), glucan, water dikinases or phosphoglucan, water dikinases were identified and discussed.	Starch	51-57	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	42-46
27154345-11	2016	The strong relationships detected between LSF2 and starch excess4 (SEX4), glucan, water dikinases or phosphoglucan, water dikinases were identified and discussed.	Starch	51-57	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	67-71
27076398-5	2016	The transcript levels of the cell wall invertase (LIN6) and sucrose synthase (TOMSSF) genes in starch and sucrose metabolic pathway and that of the glutamate synthase (SlGOGAT) gene in the amino acid metabolic pathway in IL8-3 fruit were higher than those in M82, and SlGOGAT expression was enhanced under high-sugar conditions.	Starch	95-101	acid invertase	Solanum lycopersicum	50-54
27107698-2	2016	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) plays a key role in regulating starch biosynthesis in storage organs and is likely one of the most important determinant of sink strength.	Starch	70-76	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-29
27107698-2	2016	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) plays a key role in regulating starch biosynthesis in storage organs and is likely one of the most important determinant of sink strength.	Starch	70-76	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	31-37
27107698-9	2016	Taken together, these results indicate that inhibiting the expression of AGPase gene could impair starch synthesis, which results in the lowered corm quality and cormel yield in gladiolus.	Starch	98-104	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	73-79
26775984-5	2016	Enzyme susceptibility of granular starch to alpha-amylase was not affected.	Starch	34-40	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	44-57
26902829-2	2016	Inhibitors of alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase offer an effective strategy to modulate levels of post prandial hyperglycaemia via control of starch metabolism.	Starch	144-150	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	14-27
26969163-1	2016	Starch synthase 4 (SS4) plays a specific role in starch synthesis because it controls the number of starch granules synthesized in the chloroplast and is involved in the initiation of the starch granule.	Starch	49-55	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-17
26876862-1	2016	In this work, we have proven that starch nanofibrous membranes with high tensile strength, water stability and non-cytotoxicity can be produced by electrospinning of starch solution and post-treatment with GTA in vapor phase.	Starch	34-40	integrin subunit alpha 2b	Homo sapiens	206-209
26876862-1	2016	In this work, we have proven that starch nanofibrous membranes with high tensile strength, water stability and non-cytotoxicity can be produced by electrospinning of starch solution and post-treatment with GTA in vapor phase.	Starch	166-172	integrin subunit alpha 2b	Homo sapiens	206-209
26874412-16	2016	However, reducing dietary starch content by a partial replacement of dietary grain with wheat DDGS increased fatty acids in follicular fluid and reduced the concentrations of insulin in plasma, IGF-1 in follicular fluid, and the incidence of multiple ovulations.	Starch	26-32	insulin	Bos taurus	175-182
26874412-16	2016	However, reducing dietary starch content by a partial replacement of dietary grain with wheat DDGS increased fatty acids in follicular fluid and reduced the concentrations of insulin in plasma, IGF-1 in follicular fluid, and the incidence of multiple ovulations.	Starch	26-32	insulin like growth factor 1	Bos taurus	194-199
27001276-0	2016	Circulating adiponectin concentrations are increased by dietary resistant starch and correlate with serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentrations and kidney function in Zucker diabetic fatty rats.	Starch	74-80	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	12-23
26884484-7	2016	Furthermore, we revealed that phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity decreased and starch degradation during the night was suppressed in aor (RNAi).	Starch	85-91	Oxidoreductase, zinc-binding dehydrogenase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	139-142
27011041-1	2016	During germination and early seedling growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare), maltase is responsible for the conversion of maltose produced by starch degradation in the endosperm to glucose for seedling growth.	Starch	139-145	Agl1	Hordeum vulgare	74-81
27011041-4	2016	It has been proposed that maltase may be involved directly in starch granule degradation as well as in maltose hydrolysis.	Starch	62-68	Agl1	Hordeum vulgare	26-33
26689855-6	2016	Additionally, the Arabidopsis mutant vip1 carried a mutation in a gene (VIP1) that is homologous to ZmbZIP91, displayed altered growth with less starch in leaves, and ZmbZIP91 was able to complement this phenotype, resulting in normal starch synthesis.	Starch	145-151	VIRE2-interacting protein 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	37-41
26689855-6	2016	Additionally, the Arabidopsis mutant vip1 carried a mutation in a gene (VIP1) that is homologous to ZmbZIP91, displayed altered growth with less starch in leaves, and ZmbZIP91 was able to complement this phenotype, resulting in normal starch synthesis.	Starch	145-151	VIRE2-interacting protein 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	72-76
26689855-6	2016	Additionally, the Arabidopsis mutant vip1 carried a mutation in a gene (VIP1) that is homologous to ZmbZIP91, displayed altered growth with less starch in leaves, and ZmbZIP91 was able to complement this phenotype, resulting in normal starch synthesis.	Starch	235-241	VIRE2-interacting protein 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	37-41
26689855-6	2016	Additionally, the Arabidopsis mutant vip1 carried a mutation in a gene (VIP1) that is homologous to ZmbZIP91, displayed altered growth with less starch in leaves, and ZmbZIP91 was able to complement this phenotype, resulting in normal starch synthesis.	Starch	235-241	VIRE2-interacting protein 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	72-76
26442654-6	2016	Pollen grains with the SPT transgenes exhibit starch depletion resulting from expression of alpha-amylase and are unable to germinate.	Starch	46-52	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	92-105
26878419-0	2016	Suppression of mTOR Signaling Pathways in Skeletal Muscle of Finishing Pigs by Increasing the Ratios of Ether Extract and Neutral Detergent Fiber at the Expense of Starch in Iso-energetic Diets.	Starch	164-170	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Sus scrofa	15-19
27149670-3	2016	Recently, the highly polymorphic CNV in the salivary amylase (AMY1) gene, encoding an enzyme implicated in the first step of starch digestion, has been associated with obesity in adults and children.	Starch	125-131	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	62-66
26886815-0	2016	Is dialdehyde starch a valuable cross-linking agent for collagen/elastin based materials?	Starch	14-20	elastin	Homo sapiens	65-72
26921244-9	2016	Moreover, genes related to autophagy, ZmATG3 and ZmATG8a, were also silenced, and it was found that they function in leaf starch degradation.	Starch	122-128	Autophagy-related protein 3	Zea mays	38-44
26921244-9	2016	Moreover, genes related to autophagy, ZmATG3 and ZmATG8a, were also silenced, and it was found that they function in leaf starch degradation.	Starch	122-128	Autophagy-related protein 8A	Zea mays	49-56
26958078-5	2016	RESULTS: By screening an insertional mutant library on the ability of mutants to accumulate and re-mobilize reserve compounds, we isolated a Chlamydomonas mutant (starch degradation 1, std1) deficient for a dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK).	Starch	163-169	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	185-189
26958078-6	2016	The std1 mutant accumulates higher levels of starch and oil than wild-type and maintains a higher photosynthetic activity under nitrogen starvation.	Starch	45-51	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	4-8
26989612-16	2016	The gene encoding a poorly characterized member of the maltase-glucoamylase family (MGAM2), predicted to play a role in the degradation of starch or glycogen, was highly expressed in the small and large intestines.	Starch	139-145	probable maltase-glucoamylase 2	Ovis aries	84-89
26792489-0	2016	beta-amylase 1 (BAM1) degrades transitory starch to sustain proline biosynthesis during drought stress.	Starch	42-48	beta-amylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-14
26792489-0	2016	beta-amylase 1 (BAM1) degrades transitory starch to sustain proline biosynthesis during drought stress.	Starch	42-48	beta-amylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	16-20
26792489-4	2016	In Arabidopsis, nocturnal degradation of transitory starch involves mainly beta-amylase-3 (BAM3).	Starch	52-58	beta-amylase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	75-89
26792489-4	2016	In Arabidopsis, nocturnal degradation of transitory starch involves mainly beta-amylase-3 (BAM3).	Starch	52-58	beta-amylase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	91-95
26792489-5	2016	A second beta-amylase isoform, beta-amylase-1 (BAM1), is involved in diurnal starch degradation in guard cells, a process that sustains stomata opening.	Starch	77-83	beta-amylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	47-51
26792489-6	2016	However, BAM1 also contributes to diurnal starch turnover in mesophyll cells under osmotic stress.	Starch	42-48	beta-amylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	9-13
26792489-8	2016	We show here that leaves of osmotically-stressed bam1 plants accumulated more starch and fewer soluble sugars than both wild-type and bam3 plants during the day.	Starch	78-84	beta-amylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	49-53
26792489-10	2016	Taken together, these data strongly suggest that carbon skeletons deriving from BAM1 diurnal degradation of transitory starch support the biosynthesis of proline required to face the osmotic stress.	Starch	119-125	beta-amylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	80-84
26704642-2	2016	Here, we show that P starvation-induced lipid and starch accumulation is inhibited in a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant lacking the transcription factor Pi Starvation Response1 (PSR1).	Starch	50-56	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	154-177
26704642-2	2016	Here, we show that P starvation-induced lipid and starch accumulation is inhibited in a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii mutant lacking the transcription factor Pi Starvation Response1 (PSR1).	Starch	50-56	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	179-183
26704642-7	2016	PSR1 overexpression lines exhibited increased starch content and number of starch granules per cell, which correlated with a higher expression of specific starch metabolism genes but reduced neutral lipid content.	Starch	46-52	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	0-4
26704642-7	2016	PSR1 overexpression lines exhibited increased starch content and number of starch granules per cell, which correlated with a higher expression of specific starch metabolism genes but reduced neutral lipid content.	Starch	75-81	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	0-4
26704642-7	2016	PSR1 overexpression lines exhibited increased starch content and number of starch granules per cell, which correlated with a higher expression of specific starch metabolism genes but reduced neutral lipid content.	Starch	75-81	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	0-4
26774787-9	2016	This involves the synergistic action of beta-amylase 1 (BAM1) and alpha-amylase 3 (AMY3)-enzymes that are normally not required for nighttime starch degradation in other leaf tissues.	Starch	142-148	amylase alpha 2B	Homo sapiens	66-81
26774787-9	2016	This involves the synergistic action of beta-amylase 1 (BAM1) and alpha-amylase 3 (AMY3)-enzymes that are normally not required for nighttime starch degradation in other leaf tissues.	Starch	142-148	amylase alpha 2B	Homo sapiens	83-87
26969163-1	2016	Starch synthase 4 (SS4) plays a specific role in starch synthesis because it controls the number of starch granules synthesized in the chloroplast and is involved in the initiation of the starch granule.	Starch	49-55	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	19-22
26969163-1	2016	Starch synthase 4 (SS4) plays a specific role in starch synthesis because it controls the number of starch granules synthesized in the chloroplast and is involved in the initiation of the starch granule.	Starch	100-106	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-17
26969163-1	2016	Starch synthase 4 (SS4) plays a specific role in starch synthesis because it controls the number of starch granules synthesized in the chloroplast and is involved in the initiation of the starch granule.	Starch	100-106	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	19-22
26969163-1	2016	Starch synthase 4 (SS4) plays a specific role in starch synthesis because it controls the number of starch granules synthesized in the chloroplast and is involved in the initiation of the starch granule.	Starch	100-106	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-17
26969163-1	2016	Starch synthase 4 (SS4) plays a specific role in starch synthesis because it controls the number of starch granules synthesized in the chloroplast and is involved in the initiation of the starch granule.	Starch	100-106	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	19-22
26766961-0	2016	Baseline insulin sensitivity affects response to high-amylose maize resistant starch in women: a randomized, controlled trial.	Starch	78-84	insulin	Homo sapiens	9-16
26766961-1	2016	BACKGROUND: Resistant starch (RS) is a type of dietary fiber that can improve glucose metabolism, but its effects may be modulated by sex or baseline insulin sensitivity.	Starch	22-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	150-157
26342802-5	2015	Together with our previous study regarding starch-stimulated RDX (hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine) degradation (Khan et al., J.	Starch	43-49	radixin	Homo sapiens	61-64
26655398-0	2016	The Therapeutic Potential of Resistant Starch in Modulation of Insulin Resistance, Endotoxemia, Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Biomarkers in Women with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.	Starch	39-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	63-70
26594136-9	2016	These results demonstrate that the PSR1 gene is an important determinant of lipid and starch accumulation in response to phosphorus starvation but not nitrogen starvation.	Starch	86-92	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	35-39
26628055-13	2015	The differential abundance of beta-amylase 3 and isoamylase 3 indicates a central role of transitory starch degradation in the coordination of growth regulation and the development of stress tolerance.	Starch	101-107	beta-amylase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	30-61
26642044-3	2015	HHP-treated potato starch (PS) exposed to alpha-amylase (0.06%, w/v) showed a significantly greater degree of hydrolysis and amount of reducing sugar released compared to alpha-amylase at a concentration of 0.04% (w/v) or 0.02% (w/v).	Starch	27-29	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	42-55
26642044-9	2015	The HHP600 starch with 0.06% (w/v) alpha-amylase displayed the lowest value of To (onset temperature), Tc (conclusion temperature) and DeltaHgel (enthalpies of gelatinization).	Starch	11-17	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	35-48
26041231-1	2015	The aim of the present study is to characterise the influence of gluten structure on the kinetics of starch hydrolysis in pasta.	Starch	101-107	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	122-127
26041231-6	2015	Confocal microscopy revealed that, following cooking, starch granules were completely swollen for starch, semolina and pasta powder samples.	Starch	54-60	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	119-124
25644858-3	2015	Transgenic studies have previously revealed the requirement of simultaneous down-regulation of two starch branching enzyme (SBE) II isoforms both located on the long arm of chromosome 2, namely SBEIIa and SBEIIb, to elevate the amylose content in wheat from ~25% to ~75%.	Starch	99-105	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Triticum aestivum	205-211
26554020-7	2015	Overexpression of AtNF-YC4 in Arabidopsis mimics the QQS-overexpression phenotype, increasing protein and decreasing starch levels.	Starch	117-123	nuclear factor Y, subunit C4	Arabidopsis thaliana	18-26
26468507-5	2015	We subsequently observed that SUMO-conjugated proteins accumulate in response to high doses of sugar in a SIZ1-dependent manner, and that the null siz1 mutant displays increased expression of sucrose and starch catabolic genes and shows reduced starch levels.	Starch	204-210	DNA-binding protein with MIZ/SP-RING zinc finger, PHD-finger and SAP domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	147-151
26468507-5	2015	We subsequently observed that SUMO-conjugated proteins accumulate in response to high doses of sugar in a SIZ1-dependent manner, and that the null siz1 mutant displays increased expression of sucrose and starch catabolic genes and shows reduced starch levels.	Starch	245-251	DNA-binding protein with MIZ/SP-RING zinc finger, PHD-finger and SAP domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	147-151
26599013-6	2015	The other way round, DEGs involved in processes such as oxidation, photosynthesis, and starch, proline, ethylene, and salicylic acid metabolism were clearly co-expressed with the MAPKKK genes.	Starch	87-93	Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 3	Zea mays	179-185
26406392-5	2015	Concomitant improvements in both insulin levels and body fat depots are often reported in rodents fed resistant starches, whereas resistant starch feeding in humans improves insulin sensitivity without having a major impact on fat mass.	Starch	112-120	insulin	Homo sapiens	33-40
26406392-5	2015	Concomitant improvements in both insulin levels and body fat depots are often reported in rodents fed resistant starches, whereas resistant starch feeding in humans improves insulin sensitivity without having a major impact on fat mass.	Starch	112-118	insulin	Homo sapiens	33-40
26338951-4	2015	In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants, combined, but not single, deficiencies of Trx f1 and NTRC led to severe growth inhibition and perturbed light acclimation, accompanied by strong impairments of Calvin-Benson cycle activity and starch accumulation.	Starch	240-246	NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase C	Arabidopsis thaliana	100-104
26338951-8	2015	Results provide genetic evidence that light- and NADPH-dependent thiol redox systems interact at the level of Trx f1 and NTRC to coordinately participate in the regulation of the Calvin-Benson cycle, starch metabolism, and growth in response to varying light conditions.	Starch	200-206	NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase C	Arabidopsis thaliana	121-125
26510916-4	2015	RESULTS: In this work, using in silico and in vitro characterization techniques, we have demonstrated that Ostta SSIII-A, SSIII-B and SSIII-C contain two, three and no starch-binding domains, respectively.	Starch	168-174	OT_ostta13g01200	Ostreococcus tauri	107-129
26469405-1	2015	Human pancreatic alpha-amylase (HPA) inhibitors offer an effective strategy to lower postprandial hyperglycemia via control of starch breakdown.	Starch	127-133	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	6-30
26514213-7	2015	CONCLUSIONS: The combined consumption of dietary resistant starch and protein increases fat oxidation, PYY, and enhances feelings of satiety and fullness to levels that may be clinically relevant if maintained under chronic conditions.	Starch	59-65	peptide YY	Homo sapiens	103-106
26664010-4	2015	MATERIALS AND METHODS: The alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase activities were measured in the presence of aqueous and ethanol extracts of the plant parts using starch and p-nitrophenyl-D-glucopyranoside as substrates respectively.	Starch	161-167	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	45-62
26424450-0	2015	ACHT4-driven oxidation of APS1 attenuates starch synthesis under low light intensity in Arabidopsis plants.	Starch	42-48	atypical CYS HIS rich thioredoxin 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-5
26424450-0	2015	ACHT4-driven oxidation of APS1 attenuates starch synthesis under low light intensity in Arabidopsis plants.	Starch	42-48	ATP sulfurylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	26-30
26424450-5	2015	ACHT4 further reacted uniquely with the small subunit (APS1) of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), the first committed enzyme of the starch synthesis pathway, suggesting that it transfers the disulfides it receives from 2-Cys Prx to APS1 and turns off AGPase.	Starch	138-144	atypical CYS HIS rich thioredoxin 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-5
26424450-5	2015	ACHT4 further reacted uniquely with the small subunit (APS1) of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), the first committed enzyme of the starch synthesis pathway, suggesting that it transfers the disulfides it receives from 2-Cys Prx to APS1 and turns off AGPase.	Starch	138-144	ATP sulfurylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	55-59
26424450-7	2015	Increasing the level of expressed ACHT4 or of ACHT4DeltaC, a C terminus-deleted form that does not react with APS1, correspondingly decreased or increased the level of reduced APS1 and decreased or increased transitory starch content.	Starch	219-225	atypical CYS HIS rich thioredoxin 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	34-39
26523570-7	2015	The DE to ADG ratio, but not DE intake and ADG, tended ( &lt; 0.1) to be 4% lower in the high-starch group than in the high-fat group.	Starch	94-100	ADG	Sus scrofa	10-13
25786804-4	2015	The recombinant M2n[TLG1-SFA1] and MEL2[TLG1-SFA1] yeast displayed high enzyme activities on soluble and raw starch (up to 8118 and 4461 nkat/g dry cell weight, respectively) and produced about 64 g/L ethanol from 200 g/L raw corn starch in a bioreactor, corresponding to 55% of the theoretical maximum ethanol yield (g of ethanol/g of available glucose equivalent).	Starch	109-115	bifunctional alcohol dehydrogenase/S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	25-29
27682106-8	2015	Mutants lacking the C-terminal bipartite motif exhibited reduced growth rates on starch as the sole carbon and energy source; therefore, association of AmyA with the membrane improves carbohydrate utilization.	Starch	81-87	glycoside hydrolase family 57 protein	Saccharolobus solfataricus	152-156
26232644-0	2015	Receptor protein kinase FERONIA controls leaf starch accumulation by interacting with glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase.	Starch	46-52	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	86-126
26194224-0	2015	Responses to Starch Infusion on Milk Synthesis in Low Yield Lactating Dairy Cows.	Starch	13-19	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	32-36
26194224-5	2015	However, cows receiving starch through rumen performed better than directly through the abomasum during the glucose tolerance test procedure with a higher area under the curve (AUC; p = 0.08) and shorter half-time (t(1/2); p = 0.11) of plasma insulin, therefore, it increased glucose disposal, which stated a lipid anabolism other than mobilization after energy supplementation.	Starch	24-30	insulin	Bos taurus	243-250
26162745-0	2015	Modeling of cooked starch digestion process using recombinant human pancreatic alpha-amylase and maltase-glucoamylase for in vitro evaluation of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors.	Starch	19-25	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	68-92
26162745-0	2015	Modeling of cooked starch digestion process using recombinant human pancreatic alpha-amylase and maltase-glucoamylase for in vitro evaluation of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors.	Starch	19-25	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	97-117
26162745-0	2015	Modeling of cooked starch digestion process using recombinant human pancreatic alpha-amylase and maltase-glucoamylase for in vitro evaluation of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors.	Starch	19-25	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	145-162
26162745-1	2015	In human, digestion of cooked starch mainly involves breaking down of alpha-amylase to alpha-limit dextrins and small linear malto-oligosaccharides, which are in turn hydrolyzed to glucose by the gut mucosal maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM).	Starch	30-36	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	208-228
26162745-1	2015	In human, digestion of cooked starch mainly involves breaking down of alpha-amylase to alpha-limit dextrins and small linear malto-oligosaccharides, which are in turn hydrolyzed to glucose by the gut mucosal maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM).	Starch	30-36	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	230-234
26162745-2	2015	Human pancreatic alpha-amylase (HPA), amino- and carboxyl-terminal portions of MGAM (ntMGAM and ctMGAM) catalyze the hydrolysis of alpha-D-(1,4) glycosidic linkages in starch, playing a crucial role in the production of glucose in the human lumen.	Starch	168-174	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	6-30
26162745-2	2015	Human pancreatic alpha-amylase (HPA), amino- and carboxyl-terminal portions of MGAM (ntMGAM and ctMGAM) catalyze the hydrolysis of alpha-D-(1,4) glycosidic linkages in starch, playing a crucial role in the production of glucose in the human lumen.	Starch	168-174	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	79-83
26162745-9	2015	The inhibitory effects of various inhibitors on the cooked starch digestion by HPA1/ctMGAM9 were evaluated by determining their half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values.	Starch	59-65	heparanase	Homo sapiens	79-83
26162745-12	2015	These findings suggest that our in vitro enzymatic system can simulate in vivo starch digestion process, and thus can be used to screen and evaluate alpha-glucosidase inhibitors.	Starch	79-85	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	149-166
26370656-2	2015	High polyphenolic grape extract (PGE) has been shown to inhibit alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase activity, two key enzymes required for starch digestion, in vitro.	Starch	139-145	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	82-99
25786804-4	2015	The recombinant M2n[TLG1-SFA1] and MEL2[TLG1-SFA1] yeast displayed high enzyme activities on soluble and raw starch (up to 8118 and 4461 nkat/g dry cell weight, respectively) and produced about 64 g/L ethanol from 200 g/L raw corn starch in a bioreactor, corresponding to 55% of the theoretical maximum ethanol yield (g of ethanol/g of available glucose equivalent).	Starch	109-115	bifunctional alcohol dehydrogenase/S-(hydroxymethyl)glutathione dehydrogenase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	45-49
25670482-1	2015	Alcohol dehydrogenase was covalently conjugated with three different oxidized carbohydrates i.e., glucose, starch and pectin.	Starch	107-113	aldo-keto reductase family 1 member A1	Homo sapiens	0-21
25904181-8	2015	NMA at the four-node level showed that an increased risk of receiving RRT was associated with fluid resuscitation with starch versus crystalloid [odds ratio (OR) 1.39, 95% credibility interval (CrI) 1.17-1.66, high certainty].	Starch	119-125	EP300 interacting inhibitor of differentiation 1	Homo sapiens	172-200
25855560-8	2015	Methanol, fatty acids and/or lipids, glutamine, phenylalanine, starch, and nucleic acids were more abundant in eli1 than in WT.	Starch	63-69	Cellulose synthase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	111-115
26343100-3	2015	Inhibitors of carbohydrate-hydrolyzing enzymes (such as alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase) offer an effective strategy to regulate/prevent hyperglycemia by controlling starch breakdown.	Starch	170-176	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	56-73
26287179-8	2015	These findings suggest that overexpression of either PETF or FDX5 can confer tolerance against heat and salt stresses, increase starch and oil production, and raise electric power density in a PMFC.	Starch	128-134	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	53-57
26259182-7	2015	spsa1/spsc leaves possessed high levels of metabolic intermediates and activities of enzymes of the glycolytic and tricarboxylic acid cycle pathways, and accumulated high levels of metabolic intermediates of the nocturnal starch-to-sucrose conversion process, even under continuous light conditions.	Starch	222-228	sucrose phosphate synthase 1F	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-5
25965485-5	2015	Bilayers consisting of PCL and starch containing 5% PCL, with potassium sorbate at the interface, showed the best mechanical and barrier properties and interfacial adhesion while having active properties, associated with the antimicrobial action of potassium sorbate.	Starch	31-37	PHD finger protein 1	Homo sapiens	52-55
26152712-5	2015	The dry weight of ttg1-1 embryos significantly increases compared with that of wild-type embryos, which is accompanied by an increase in the contents of starch, total protein, and fatty acids in ttg1-1 seeds.	Starch	153-159	Transducin/WD40 repeat-like superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	18-24
26297502-4	2015	The 16 CNV-driven genes mainly located in chr 1 and chr 3 were enriched in immune response [e.g. complement factor H (CFH) and Fc fragment of IgG, low affinity IIIa, receptor (FCGR3A)], starch and sucrose metabolism [e.g. amylase alpha 2A (AMY2A)].	Starch	186-192	complement factor H	Homo sapiens	97-116
26297502-4	2015	The 16 CNV-driven genes mainly located in chr 1 and chr 3 were enriched in immune response [e.g. complement factor H (CFH) and Fc fragment of IgG, low affinity IIIa, receptor (FCGR3A)], starch and sucrose metabolism [e.g. amylase alpha 2A (AMY2A)].	Starch	186-192	complement factor H	Homo sapiens	118-121
26287179-8	2015	These findings suggest that overexpression of either PETF or FDX5 can confer tolerance against heat and salt stresses, increase starch and oil production, and raise electric power density in a PMFC.	Starch	128-134	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	61-65
26253704-9	2015	Chlorophyll fluorescence measurements of leaves expressing Arabidopsis WRI1 showed a significant decrease in photosynthesis, even though effect on starch content could not be observed.	Starch	147-153	Integrase-type DNA-binding superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	71-75
26241955-2	2015	We found that wheat (Triticum aestivum) NAM RNAi plants with delayed senescence carried out 40% more flag leaf photosynthesis after anthesis than control plants, but had the same rate and duration of starch accumulation during grain filling and the same final grain weight.	Starch	200-206	NAC domain-containing protein 20	Triticum aestivum	40-43
26098870-2	2015	One such region contains the three amylase genes (AMY2B, AMY2A and AMY1) responsible for digesting starch into sugar.	Starch	99-105	amylase alpha 2B	Homo sapiens	50-55
26672282-7	2015	When we took ninety percent as the evaluation threshold of testing result of CAR (Correct Acceptance Rate) and CRR (Correct Rejection Rate), the lowest starch content of adulterate milk powder in all tested samples which the tested result were bigger than that abovementioned threshold was designated CAR threshold (CAR-T) and CRR threshold (CRR-T).	Starch	152-158	CART prepropeptide	Homo sapiens	301-321
25975612-0	2015	Isolation of the Phosphoribosyl Anthranilate Isomerase Gene (TRP1) from Starch-Utilizing Yeast Saccharomycopsis fibuligera.	Starch	72-78	phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase TRP1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	61-65
26098870-2	2015	One such region contains the three amylase genes (AMY2B, AMY2A and AMY1) responsible for digesting starch into sugar.	Starch	99-105	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	57-62
26098870-2	2015	One such region contains the three amylase genes (AMY2B, AMY2A and AMY1) responsible for digesting starch into sugar.	Starch	99-105	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	67-71
25861729-1	2015	KEY MESSAGE: AtWRKY53 is an early factor in drought response and activated expression of AtWRKY53 regulates stomatal movement via reduction of H 2 O 2 content and promotion of starch metabolism in guard cells.	Starch	176-182	WRKY family transcription factor	Arabidopsis thaliana	13-21
25861729-1	2015	KEY MESSAGE: AtWRKY53 is an early factor in drought response and activated expression of AtWRKY53 regulates stomatal movement via reduction of H 2 O 2 content and promotion of starch metabolism in guard cells.	Starch	176-182	WRKY family transcription factor	Arabidopsis thaliana	89-97
25861729-8	2015	Further analysis found that WRKY53 regulated stomatal movement via reducing the H2O2 content and promoting the starch metabolism in guard cells.	Starch	111-117	WRKY family transcription factor	Arabidopsis thaliana	28-34
25861729-10	2015	Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that AtWRKY53 can directly bind to the QQS promoter sequences, thus led to increased starch metabolism.	Starch	135-141	WRKY family transcription factor	Arabidopsis thaliana	55-63
25861729-11	2015	In summary, our results indicated that the activated expression of AtWRKY53 inhibited stomatal closure by reducing H2O2 content and facilitated stomatal opening by promoting starch degradation.	Starch	174-180	WRKY family transcription factor	Arabidopsis thaliana	67-75
25981075-0	2015	Milk production responses to a change in dietary starch concentration vary by production level in dairy cattle.	Starch	49-55	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
26200336-11	2015	SUSIBA2 rice offers a sustainable means of providing increased starch content for food production while reducing greenhouse gas emissions from rice cultivation.	Starch	63-69	Sugar signaling in barley 2	Hordeum vulgare	0-7
25981075-1	2015	The effects of dietary starch concentration on yield of milk and milk components were evaluated in a crossover design experiment.	Starch	23-29	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	56-60
25981070-12	2015	We conclude that RFI is reasonably repeatable for a wide range of dietary starch levels fed to mid-lactation cows, so that cows that have low RFI when fed high corn diets will likely also have low RFI when fed diets high in nonforage fiber sources.	Starch	74-80	RFI	Bos taurus	17-20
25660850-3	2015	The molecular weight distributions of enzyme treated starch particles and their debranched chain length distributions showed beta-amylolysis had a thinning effect at the outmost surface of soluble starch particles, resulting in an increase of DP 2-5 chains through shortening of the external long chains.	Starch	53-59	diphosphonucleotide phosphatase 2	Zea mays	243-249
25474495-6	2015	We suggest that GPT2 activity results in the net import of glucose 6-phosphate from cytosol to chloroplast, increasing starch synthesis.	Starch	119-125	glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate translocator 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	16-20
25660850-3	2015	The molecular weight distributions of enzyme treated starch particles and their debranched chain length distributions showed beta-amylolysis had a thinning effect at the outmost surface of soluble starch particles, resulting in an increase of DP 2-5 chains through shortening of the external long chains.	Starch	197-203	diphosphonucleotide phosphatase 2	Zea mays	243-249
25843863-7	2015	The observed inhibition of alpha-amylase activity suggests that cellulose in the diet can potentially attenuate starch hydrolysis.	Starch	112-118	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	27-40
26925221-2	2015	Amylose starch (RS2) from high-amylose maize (HAM) ferments in the gut and affects body weight.	Starch	8-14	protein rough sheath 2	Zea mays	16-19
26925221-2	2015	Amylose starch (RS2) from high-amylose maize (HAM) ferments in the gut and affects body weight.	Starch	8-14	dull endosperm 1	Zea mays	46-49
25792743-2	2015	The structure of the complex between the starch debranching enzyme barley limit dextrinase (LD), hydrolyzing alpha-1,6-glucosidic linkages, and its endogenous inhibitor (LDI) was solved at 2.7 A.	Starch	41-47	LOC548116	Hordeum vulgare	74-90
25938560-2	2015	Resistant starch (RS) induces GLP-1 expression by stimulating L-cells in the intestine.	Starch	10-16	glucagon	Mus musculus	30-35
25938560-3	2015	Sitagliptin and resistant starch may have a synergistic interaction in the induction of GLP-1.	Starch	26-32	glucagon	Mus musculus	88-93
25878206-4	2015	The following starch products differed in the enzyme ratios required for their complete hydrolysis to glucose: gelatinized starch [alpha-amylase and (iso)maltase], maltodextrin [(iso)maltase and alpha-amylase], maltodextrin with alpha-1,6-branching (isomaltase, maltase, and alpha-amylase), and maltose (maltase).	Starch	14-20	alpha amylase	Bos taurus	131-144
25878206-4	2015	The following starch products differed in the enzyme ratios required for their complete hydrolysis to glucose: gelatinized starch [alpha-amylase and (iso)maltase], maltodextrin [(iso)maltase and alpha-amylase], maltodextrin with alpha-1,6-branching (isomaltase, maltase, and alpha-amylase), and maltose (maltase).	Starch	14-20	alpha amylase	Bos taurus	195-208
25878206-4	2015	The following starch products differed in the enzyme ratios required for their complete hydrolysis to glucose: gelatinized starch [alpha-amylase and (iso)maltase], maltodextrin [(iso)maltase and alpha-amylase], maltodextrin with alpha-1,6-branching (isomaltase, maltase, and alpha-amylase), and maltose (maltase).	Starch	14-20	alpha amylase	Bos taurus	195-208
25878206-4	2015	The following starch products differed in the enzyme ratios required for their complete hydrolysis to glucose: gelatinized starch [alpha-amylase and (iso)maltase], maltodextrin [(iso)maltase and alpha-amylase], maltodextrin with alpha-1,6-branching (isomaltase, maltase, and alpha-amylase), and maltose (maltase).	Starch	123-129	alpha amylase	Bos taurus	131-144
25878206-8	2015	Luminal alpha-amylase activity was lower in the proximal (3.9 +- 3.2 and 2.7 +- 1.7 U/mg Co for control and starch product calves, respectively) but greater in the distal small intestine of starch-fed calves than in control calves (0.0 +- 0.0 and 6.4 +- 1.5 U/mg Co for control and starch product calves, respectively; means +- SEs for control and means +- pooled SEMs for starch product treatments).	Starch	108-114	alpha amylase	Bos taurus	8-21
25878206-8	2015	Luminal alpha-amylase activity was lower in the proximal (3.9 +- 3.2 and 2.7 +- 1.7 U/mg Co for control and starch product calves, respectively) but greater in the distal small intestine of starch-fed calves than in control calves (0.0 +- 0.0 and 6.4 +- 1.5 U/mg Co for control and starch product calves, respectively; means +- SEs for control and means +- pooled SEMs for starch product treatments).	Starch	190-196	alpha amylase	Bos taurus	8-21
25878206-8	2015	Luminal alpha-amylase activity was lower in the proximal (3.9 +- 3.2 and 2.7 +- 1.7 U/mg Co for control and starch product calves, respectively) but greater in the distal small intestine of starch-fed calves than in control calves (0.0 +- 0.0 and 6.4 +- 1.5 U/mg Co for control and starch product calves, respectively; means +- SEs for control and means +- pooled SEMs for starch product treatments).	Starch	190-196	alpha amylase	Bos taurus	8-21
25878206-8	2015	Luminal alpha-amylase activity was lower in the proximal (3.9 +- 3.2 and 2.7 +- 1.7 U/mg Co for control and starch product calves, respectively) but greater in the distal small intestine of starch-fed calves than in control calves (0.0 +- 0.0 and 6.4 +- 1.5 U/mg Co for control and starch product calves, respectively; means +- SEs for control and means +- pooled SEMs for starch product treatments).	Starch	190-196	alpha amylase	Bos taurus	8-21
25713173-0	2015	The Plant-Specific RAB5 GTPase ARA6 is Required for Starch and Sugar Homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana.	Starch	52-58	Ras-related small GTP-binding family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	31-35
25713173-8	2015	QQS is involved in starch homeostasis, consistent with the starch content decreasing in the ara6 mutants to approximately 60% of that of the wild-type plant.	Starch	59-65	Ras-related small GTP-binding family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	92-96
25713173-12	2015	These results suggest that ARA6 is responsible for starch and sugar homeostasis, most probably through the function of QQS.	Starch	51-57	Ras-related small GTP-binding family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	27-31
26125743-1	2015	The ZmDULL1 gene encodes a starch synthase and is a determinant of the structure of endosperm starch in maize (Zea mays L.).	Starch	27-33	dull endosperm 1	Zea mays	4-11
26020315-4	2015	The SCF also contained 26% starch and 8% resistant starch and had a TMEn value of 2.6 kcal/g.	Starch	27-33	KIT ligand	Canis lupus familiaris	4-7
26020315-4	2015	The SCF also contained 26% starch and 8% resistant starch and had a TMEn value of 2.6 kcal/g.	Starch	51-57	KIT ligand	Canis lupus familiaris	4-7
25631638-0	2015	The importance of GLP-1 and PYY in resistant starch"s effect on body fat in mice.	Starch	45-51	peptide YY	Mus musculus	28-31
25631638-1	2015	Resistant starch (RS) is a dietary fermentable fiber that decreases body fat accumulation, and stimulates the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) in rodents.	Starch	10-16	glucagon	Mus musculus	123-146
25631638-1	2015	Resistant starch (RS) is a dietary fermentable fiber that decreases body fat accumulation, and stimulates the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) in rodents.	Starch	10-16	glucagon	Mus musculus	148-153
25631638-1	2015	Resistant starch (RS) is a dietary fermentable fiber that decreases body fat accumulation, and stimulates the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) in rodents.	Starch	10-16	peptide YY	Mus musculus	159-169
25631638-1	2015	Resistant starch (RS) is a dietary fermentable fiber that decreases body fat accumulation, and stimulates the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) in rodents.	Starch	10-16	peptide YY	Mus musculus	171-174
25630334-9	2015	Moreover, we revealed that GBSS1 has a longer poly(A) tail in the double mutant than in the control plant, suggesting that AtCCR4a and AtCCR4b can influence the poly(A) length of transcripts related to starch metabolism.	Starch	202-208	UDP-Glycosyltransferase superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	27-32
25843595-0	2015	Structure of Waxy Maize Starch Hydrolyzed by Maltogenic alpha-Amylase in Relation to Its Retrogradation.	Starch	24-30	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	56-69
25926043-7	2015	Transgenic lines expressing a GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE (GBSS) RNAi construct were also generated for comparison and exhibited post-transcriptional gene silencing of GBSS and reduced amylose content in the starch.	Starch	210-216	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	30-59
25926043-7	2015	Transgenic lines expressing a GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE (GBSS) RNAi construct were also generated for comparison and exhibited post-transcriptional gene silencing of GBSS and reduced amylose content in the starch.	Starch	210-216	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	61-65
25926043-10	2015	In contrast, silencing of GBSS increased the gelatinisation temperature by 4 C, and starch required a higher urea concentration for gelatinisation.	Starch	84-90	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	26-30
25816913-6	2015	Inhibition of fast-digesting Ct-MGAM and Ct-SI by EGCG and chlorogenic acid could lead to a slow, but complete, digestion of starch for improved glycemic response of starchy foods with potential health benefit.	Starch	125-131	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	32-36
25784372-1	2015	Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) is responsible for the "pre-digestion" of starch in the oral cavity and accounts for up to 50 % of salivary protein in human saliva.	Starch	71-77	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	0-22
25784372-1	2015	Salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) is responsible for the "pre-digestion" of starch in the oral cavity and accounts for up to 50 % of salivary protein in human saliva.	Starch	71-77	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	24-27
25966755-5	2015	According to numerous previous studies it could be concluded that resistant starch can reduce fat accumulation, enhance insulin sensitivity, regulate blood glucose level and lipid metabolism.	Starch	76-82	insulin	Homo sapiens	120-127
25874689-2	2015	Chain-stopping in starch biosynthesis is by starch branching enzyme (SBE).	Starch	18-24	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	69-72
25661878-8	2015	Taken together, the findings indicate that the two SBSs act in concert to localize AMY1 to the starch granule surface and that SBS2 works synergistically with the active site in the degradation of amylopectin.	Starch	95-101	LOC548210	Hordeum vulgare	83-87
25811607-8	2015	Although previous studies showed that starch granules of pgi1-2 leaves are restricted to both bundle sheath cells adjacent to the mesophyll and stomata guard cells, microscopy analyses carried out in this work revealed the presence of starch granules in the chloroplasts of pgi1-2 and pgi1-3 mesophyll cells.	Starch	235-241	phosphoglucose isomerase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	274-278
26225266-3	2015	Carbohydrates are the main stimulators of insulin release, but research shows that dairy products and starches elicit greater postprandial insulin secretion than non-starchy vegetables and fruits.	Starch	102-110	insulin	Homo sapiens	42-49
26225266-3	2015	Carbohydrates are the main stimulators of insulin release, but research shows that dairy products and starches elicit greater postprandial insulin secretion than non-starchy vegetables and fruits.	Starch	102-110	insulin	Homo sapiens	139-146
26225266-4	2015	The purpose of this study was to determine whether an 8-week low-starch/low-dairy diet results in weight loss, increased insulin sensitivity, and reduced testosterone in women with PCOS.	Starch	65-71	insulin	Homo sapiens	121-128
26225266-10	2015	CONCLUSION: An 8-week low-starch/low-dairy diet resulted in weight loss, improved insulin sensitivity and reduced testosterone in women with PCOS.	Starch	26-32	insulin	Homo sapiens	82-89
25562209-2	2015	Limit dextrinase (LD) is the only endogenous barley enzyme capable of hydrolyzing the alpha-1,6-glucosidic bond during seed germination, and impaired LD activity inevitably reduces the maltose and glucose yields from starch degradation.	Starch	217-223	LOC548116	Hordeum vulgare	0-16
25811607-0	2015	Plastidic phosphoglucose isomerase is an important determinant of starch accumulation in mesophyll cells, growth, photosynthetic capacity, and biosynthesis of plastidic cytokinins in Arabidopsis.	Starch	66-72	phosphoglucose isomerase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	10-34
25811607-3	2015	In chloroplasts of illuminated mesophyll cells PGI also connects the Calvin-Benson cycle with the starch biosynthetic pathway.	Starch	98-104	phosphoglucose isomerase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	47-50
25811607-8	2015	Although previous studies showed that starch granules of pgi1-2 leaves are restricted to both bundle sheath cells adjacent to the mesophyll and stomata guard cells, microscopy analyses carried out in this work revealed the presence of starch granules in the chloroplasts of pgi1-2 and pgi1-3 mesophyll cells.	Starch	235-241	phosphoglucose isomerase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	285-291
25811607-5	2015	Starch content in pgi1-3 source leaves was ca.	Starch	0-6	phosphoglucose isomerase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	18-22
25811607-13	2015	Noteworthy, exogenous application of CKs largely reverted the low starch content phenotype of pgi1 leaves.	Starch	66-72	phosphoglucose isomerase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	94-98
25811607-7	2015	Starch deficiency of pgi1 leaves could be reverted by the introduction of a sex1 null mutation impeding beta-amylolytic starch breakdown.	Starch	120-126	phosphoglucose isomerase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	21-25
25811607-7	2015	Starch deficiency of pgi1 leaves could be reverted by the introduction of a sex1 null mutation impeding beta-amylolytic starch breakdown.	Starch	120-126	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	76-80
25806042-0	2015	Starch phosphorylation in potato tubers is influenced by allelic variation in the genes encoding glucan water dikinase, starch branching enzymes I and II, and starch synthase III.	Starch	0-6	soluble starch synthase 3, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	166-178
25811607-8	2015	Although previous studies showed that starch granules of pgi1-2 leaves are restricted to both bundle sheath cells adjacent to the mesophyll and stomata guard cells, microscopy analyses carried out in this work revealed the presence of starch granules in the chloroplasts of pgi1-2 and pgi1-3 mesophyll cells.	Starch	38-44	phosphoglucose isomerase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	57-61
25811607-8	2015	Although previous studies showed that starch granules of pgi1-2 leaves are restricted to both bundle sheath cells adjacent to the mesophyll and stomata guard cells, microscopy analyses carried out in this work revealed the presence of starch granules in the chloroplasts of pgi1-2 and pgi1-3 mesophyll cells.	Starch	235-241	phosphoglucose isomerase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	57-61
25683923-0	2015	Corrigendum: resistant starch and arabinoxylan augment SCFA absorption, but affect postprandial glucose and insulin responses differently.	Starch	23-29	insulin	Homo sapiens	108-115
25498625-0	2015	The interplay of alpha-amylase and amyloglucosidase activities on the digestion of starch in in vitro enzymic systems.	Starch	83-89	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	17-30
25770258-0	2015	Role of resistant starch in improving gut health, adiposity, and insulin resistance.	Starch	18-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	65-72
25770258-4	2015	Additionally, consumption of resistant starch was associated with reduced abdominal fat and improved insulin sensitivity.	Starch	39-45	insulin	Homo sapiens	101-108
25770258-8	2015	In human subjects, insulin sensitivity is increased with the feeding of resistant starch.	Starch	82-88	insulin	Homo sapiens	19-26
25770258-9	2015	However, only 1 of several studies reports an increase in serum GLP-1 associated with resistant starch added to the diet.	Starch	96-102	glucagon	Homo sapiens	64-69
25498625-7	2015	The results allow targeted design of starch digestion experiments through a thorough understanding of the contributions of alpha-amylase and amyloglucosidase to digestion rates.	Starch	37-43	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	123-136
25498636-6	2015	In vitro enzymatic digestibility of heated starch dispersions by bacterial alpha-amylase was increased by acylation (HAMS&lt;HAMSB&lt;HAMSP&lt;=HAMSA) showing that the trend was not related to the length of the fatty acid chain.	Starch	43-49	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	75-88
25588735-8	2015	Interestingly, starch and sucrose accumulation could be prevented and nitrate levels could be maintained by supplying the ppc1/ppc2 mutant with exogenous malate and glutamate, suggesting that low nitrogen status resulted in the alteration of carbon metabolism and prompted the accumulation of starch and sucrose in the ppc1/ppc2 mutant.	Starch	293-299	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	122-126
26097706-9	2015	The oral administration of CPE increased diet (starch and glyceryl trioleate)-induced active GLP-1 secretion and decreased glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide release.	Starch	47-53	glucagon	Homo sapiens	93-98
25645872-0	2015	Metabolic and photosynthetic consequences of blocking starch biosynthesis in the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii sta6 mutant.	Starch	54-60	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	118-122
25645872-2	2015	We investigated the role of starch biosynthesis with respect to photosynthetic growth and carbon partitioning in the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii starchless mutant, sta6, which lacks ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase.	Starch	28-34	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	162-166
25794936-5	2015	In sweet11;12;15 triple mutants, starch accumulated in the seed coat but not the embryo, implicating SWEET-mediated sucrose efflux in the transfer of sugars from seed coat to embryo.	Starch	33-39	Nodulin MtN3 family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	3-10
25600571-1	2015	Iterative saturation mutagenesis (ISM) has been used to improve the thermostability of maize endosperm ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), a highly-regulated, rate-limiting and temperature-sensitive enzyme essential for starch biosynthesis.	Starch	224-230	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	103-132
25600571-1	2015	Iterative saturation mutagenesis (ISM) has been used to improve the thermostability of maize endosperm ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), a highly-regulated, rate-limiting and temperature-sensitive enzyme essential for starch biosynthesis.	Starch	224-230	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	134-140
25548205-8	2015	Hepatic expression of APOA1 decreased and that of APOB increased (P &lt; 0.05) in cows offered maize grain and maize silage (i.e., starch-containing feeds).	Starch	131-137	apolipoprotein A1	Bos taurus	22-27
25428995-2	2015	Depletion of SXD1 activity in maize and potato leaves leads to tocopherol deficiency and a "sugar export block" phenotype that comprises massive starch accumulation and obstruction of plasmodesmata in paraveinal tissue by callose.	Starch	145-151	tocopherol cyclase, chloroplastic	Zea mays	13-17
25631638-0	2015	The importance of GLP-1 and PYY in resistant starch"s effect on body fat in mice.	Starch	45-51	glucagon	Mus musculus	18-23
25588735-5	2015	The ppc1/ppc2 mutant accumulated more starch and sucrose than wild-type plants when seedlings were grown under normal conditions.	Starch	38-44	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	4-8
25588735-5	2015	The ppc1/ppc2 mutant accumulated more starch and sucrose than wild-type plants when seedlings were grown under normal conditions.	Starch	38-44	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	9-13
25205419-7	2015	The four corn-based SP differed in size and branching, therefore requiring different ratios of starch-degrading enzymes for their complete hydrolysis to glucose: gelatinised starch (alpha-amylase and (iso)maltase); maltodextrin ((iso)maltase and alpha-amylase); maltodextrin with alpha-1,6-branching (isomaltase, maltase and alpha-amylase) and maltose (maltase).	Starch	174-180	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	182-195
25146936-4	2015	Here, we show that altering QQS expression in Arabidopsis affects carbon partitioning to both starch and protein.	Starch	94-100	qua-quine starch	Arabidopsis thaliana	28-31
25146936-7	2015	Soybean T1 lines expressing QQS have up to 80% decreased leaf starch and up to 60% increased leaf protein; T4 generation seeds from field-grown plants contain up to 13% less oil, while protein is increased by up to 18%.	Starch	62-68	qua-quine starch	Arabidopsis thaliana	28-31
26656820-2	2015	Sci., 2013, 29, 1021) was optimized for the high-throughput screening of alpha-glucosidase, which hydrolyzes an alpha-1,4-glycosidic bond of starch and related oligo- and polysaccharides, followed by the release of D-glucose from the non-reducing ends.	Starch	141-147	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	73-90
25495144-0	2015	Dosage effect of high-amylose modifier gene(s) on the starch structure of maize amylose-extender mutant.	Starch	54-60	dull endosperm 1	Zea mays	17-38
25592016-0	2015	Induction of histone H3K4 methylation at the promoter, enhancer, and transcribed regions of the Si and Sglt1 genes in rat jejunum in response to a high-starch/low-fat diet.	Starch	152-158	sucrase-isomaltase	Rattus norvegicus	96-98
25592016-0	2015	Induction of histone H3K4 methylation at the promoter, enhancer, and transcribed regions of the Si and Sglt1 genes in rat jejunum in response to a high-starch/low-fat diet.	Starch	152-158	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-108
25592016-3	2015	It is not yet known whether jejunal induction of sucrase-isomaltase (Si) and sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter (Sglt1) genes by intake of a high-starch/low-fat diet in rats is regulated by coordinated changes of these histone methylation events.	Starch	150-156	sucrase-isomaltase	Rattus norvegicus	49-67
25592016-4	2015	In the present study, we investigated whether these histone modifications at the promoter, enhancer, and transcribed regions of Si and Sglt1 genes in rat jejunum are affected by consumption of a high-starch/low-fat diet.	Starch	200-206	sucrase-isomaltase	Rattus norvegicus	128-130
25592016-7	2015	CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that induction of Si and Sglt1 gene expression in rat jejunum by a high-starch/low-fat diet intake is positively associated with histone H3K4 methylation, but not with histone H3K9/H4K20 methylation, or with binding of HP1.	Starch	111-117	sucrase-isomaltase	Rattus norvegicus	57-59
25592016-7	2015	CONCLUSION: These observations suggest that induction of Si and Sglt1 gene expression in rat jejunum by a high-starch/low-fat diet intake is positively associated with histone H3K4 methylation, but not with histone H3K9/H4K20 methylation, or with binding of HP1.	Starch	111-117	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	64-69
25389118-6	2014	The NMR results showed that OSA starch had several additional peaks at 0.8-3.0 ppm and a shoulder at 5.56 ppm for OSA substituents, which were grafted at O-2 and O-3 positions in soluble starch.	Starch	32-38	regulatory protein opaque-2	Zea mays	154-165
25907012-0	2015	Interaction of bovine serum albumin with starch nanoparticles prepared by TEMPO-mediated oxidation.	Starch	41-47	albumin	Homo sapiens	22-35
25907012-1	2015	The objective of this study was to elucidate the interaction of starch nanoparticles prepared through TEMPO oxidation (TEMPO-SNPs) with protein (bovine serum albumin) by various spectroscopic techniques and transmission electron microscopy (TEM).	Starch	64-70	albumin	Homo sapiens	152-165
25597658-10	2015	Thus, the waste linear low-density polyethylene-g-poly (acrylic acid)-co-starch/organo-montmorillonite hydrogel composite could be a promising Pb(II) adsorbent.	Starch	72-79	submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3B	Homo sapiens	143-149
24740860-3	2015	In this study analysis of intracellular protein accumulation and release from barley aleurone layers is presented for the important enzymes in starch degradation: alpha-amylase and limit dextrinase (LD).	Starch	143-149	LOC548116	Hordeum vulgare	181-197
26399727-2	2015	Unlike many standard maize varieties, the sweet corn inbred P39 that carries a mutation in a starch biosynthesis gene sugary1 produces multiple tillers and providing an opportunity to explore the diversification of the tb1 signal in maize.	Starch	93-99	Transcription factor TEOSINTE BRANCHED 1	Zea mays	219-222
25315370-0	2015	Starch levels on performance, milk composition and energy balance of lactating dairy cows.	Starch	0-6	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	30-34
25315370-1	2015	The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of starch levels in diets with the replacement of citrus pulp for corn on milk yield, milk composition, and energy balance of lactating dairy cows.	Starch	64-70	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	135-139
25315370-5	2015	The milk yield and 3.5% fat-corrected milk yield showed quadratic response to increasing starch levels.	Starch	89-95	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	4-8
25315370-5	2015	The milk yield and 3.5% fat-corrected milk yield showed quadratic response to increasing starch levels.	Starch	89-95	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	38-42
25315370-6	2015	The milk protein content and milk total solids content responded linearly to increasing starch levels.	Starch	88-94	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	4-8
25315370-6	2015	The milk protein content and milk total solids content responded linearly to increasing starch levels.	Starch	88-94	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	29-33
25315370-12	2015	Diets for mid-lactating dairy cows producing around 30 kg/day of milk should be formulated to provide around 25% starch to optimize performance.	Starch	113-119	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	65-69
25263875-1	2014	This work presents a new approach for the synthesis of a starch-g-poly L-lactic acid (St-g-PLA) copolymer via the graft copolymerization of LA onto starch using stannous 2-ethyl hexanoate (Sn(Oct)2) as a catalyst in a supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) medium.	Starch	57-63	POU class 2 homeobox 2	Homo sapiens	192-197
26759810-0	2015	Improvement of D-Ribose Production from Corn Starch Hydrolysate by a Transketolase-Deficient Strain Bacillus subtilis UJS0717.	Starch	45-51	Transketolase, chloroplastic	Zea mays	69-82
25389118-6	2014	The NMR results showed that OSA starch had several additional peaks at 0.8-3.0 ppm and a shoulder at 5.56 ppm for OSA substituents, which were grafted at O-2 and O-3 positions in soluble starch.	Starch	187-193	regulatory protein opaque-2	Zea mays	154-165
25262185-11	2014	Under FAH, starch digestibility decreased by feeding HMC compared with SFC (85.7 vs. 95.0%), but it was similar under HAH, resulting in an interaction between quality of AH and type of corn grain (CG).	Starch	11-17	fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase	Bos taurus	6-9
25293962-8	2014	Using soluble starch as the substrate, BAM1 and BAM3 had optimum activity at pH 6.0 to 6.5, but at high pH, BAM1 was more active than BAM3, consistent with its known daytime role in the guard cell stroma.	Starch	14-20	beta-amylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	39-43
25388622-1	2014	The objective of this study was to determine the dose response effect of whole grain high-amylose maize (HAM) flour as a source of resistant starch (RS) on blood glucose, appetite and short-term food intake.	Starch	141-147	dull endosperm 1	Zea mays	105-108
25293962-8	2014	Using soluble starch as the substrate, BAM1 and BAM3 had optimum activity at pH 6.0 to 6.5, but at high pH, BAM1 was more active than BAM3, consistent with its known daytime role in the guard cell stroma.	Starch	14-20	Leucine-rich receptor-like protein kinase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	48-52
25293962-8	2014	Using soluble starch as the substrate, BAM1 and BAM3 had optimum activity at pH 6.0 to 6.5, but at high pH, BAM1 was more active than BAM3, consistent with its known daytime role in the guard cell stroma.	Starch	14-20	Leucine-rich receptor-like protein kinase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	134-138
25349324-7	2014	Interestingly, the suppression phenotype of imgi can be mimicked by crossing im with the starch accumulation mutant, starch excess1 (sex1), perhaps because sex1 utilizes pathways similar to gi.	Starch	89-95	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	133-137
25349324-7	2014	Interestingly, the suppression phenotype of imgi can be mimicked by crossing im with the starch accumulation mutant, starch excess1 (sex1), perhaps because sex1 utilizes pathways similar to gi.	Starch	89-95	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	156-160
25349324-7	2014	Interestingly, the suppression phenotype of imgi can be mimicked by crossing im with the starch accumulation mutant, starch excess1 (sex1), perhaps because sex1 utilizes pathways similar to gi.	Starch	117-123	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	133-137
25349324-7	2014	Interestingly, the suppression phenotype of imgi can be mimicked by crossing im with the starch accumulation mutant, starch excess1 (sex1), perhaps because sex1 utilizes pathways similar to gi.	Starch	117-123	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	156-160
25109619-3	2014	Research shows that carbohydrates from dairy and starch-based foods cause greater postprandial insulin secretion than carbohydrates from nonstarchy vegetables and fruits.	Starch	49-55	insulin	Homo sapiens	95-102
25100144-1	2014	As one of the phosphoglucan phosphatases, starch excess 4 (SEX4) encoded by SEX4 gene has recently been intensively studied because of its vital role in the degradation of leaf starch.	Starch	42-48	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	59-63
25100144-1	2014	As one of the phosphoglucan phosphatases, starch excess 4 (SEX4) encoded by SEX4 gene has recently been intensively studied because of its vital role in the degradation of leaf starch.	Starch	42-48	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	76-80
25100144-1	2014	As one of the phosphoglucan phosphatases, starch excess 4 (SEX4) encoded by SEX4 gene has recently been intensively studied because of its vital role in the degradation of leaf starch.	Starch	177-183	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	59-63
25100144-1	2014	As one of the phosphoglucan phosphatases, starch excess 4 (SEX4) encoded by SEX4 gene has recently been intensively studied because of its vital role in the degradation of leaf starch.	Starch	177-183	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	76-80
25345815-0	2014	Effect of wide variation of the Waxy gene on starch properties in hull-less barley from Qinghai-Tibet plateau in China.	Starch	45-51	Granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplast	Hordeum vulgare	32-36
25345815-1	2014	Granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSS I) plays an important role in the synthesis of amylose and in the determination of starch properties in barley grains.	Starch	14-20	Granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplast	Hordeum vulgare	33-39
25345815-2	2014	Genomic DNAs for the Waxy gene encoding GBSS I protein were sequenced from 34 barley accessions or lines from Qinghai-Tibet plateau in China, to identify Waxy gene nucleotide variations and study the roles of polymorphic sites of the Waxy gene on expression levels of Waxy transcripts and GBSS I proteins and on resulting starch properties.	Starch	322-328	Granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplast	Hordeum vulgare	21-25
25345815-2	2014	Genomic DNAs for the Waxy gene encoding GBSS I protein were sequenced from 34 barley accessions or lines from Qinghai-Tibet plateau in China, to identify Waxy gene nucleotide variations and study the roles of polymorphic sites of the Waxy gene on expression levels of Waxy transcripts and GBSS I proteins and on resulting starch properties.	Starch	322-328	Granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplast	Hordeum vulgare	40-46
25345815-4	2014	Among 33 nucleotide polymorphic sites in coding regions, 5 SNPs in three exons were found to play different roles on the expression level of the Waxy transcript and the GBSS I protein and on the amylose content and starch properties.	Starch	215-221	Granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplast	Hordeum vulgare	145-149
25345815-11	2014	This study indicates the specific variations of the Waxy gene have a great effect on amylose synthesis and starch properties of hull-less barley, which could be very useful to produce new barley with variable starch properties.	Starch	107-113	Granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplast	Hordeum vulgare	52-56
25254963-8	2014	The lipid profiles at different light intensities for strains with impaired starch pathway (Sta1 and Sta6) contained 26 glycerolipids, such as DGTS, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), as well as 33 TAG species.	Starch	76-82	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	92-96
25254963-8	2014	The lipid profiles at different light intensities for strains with impaired starch pathway (Sta1 and Sta6) contained 26 glycerolipids, such as DGTS, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), as well as 33 TAG species.	Starch	76-82	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	101-105
25399251-3	2014	Vacuolar invertase (VInv), which converts sucrose produced by starch breakdown to glucose and fructose, is the key determinant of reducing sugar accumulation during cold-induced sweetening.	Starch	62-68	beta-fructosidase	Solanum tuberosum	0-18
25399251-3	2014	Vacuolar invertase (VInv), which converts sucrose produced by starch breakdown to glucose and fructose, is the key determinant of reducing sugar accumulation during cold-induced sweetening.	Starch	62-68	beta-fructosidase	Solanum tuberosum	20-24
25399251-4	2014	In this study, wild-type tubers and tubers in which VInv expression was reduced by RNA interference were used to investigate time- and temperature-dependent changes in sugar contents, chip color, and expression of VInv and other genes involved in starch metabolism in tubers during long-term cold storage.	Starch	247-253	beta-fructosidase	Solanum tuberosum	52-56
25326592-5	2014	There is, however, considerable evidence that rodents can taste starch degradation products (i.e., glucose polymers composed of maltooligosaccharides with 3-10 glucose units and maltopolysaccharides with &gt;10 glucose units) and that their detection is independent of the sweet taste receptor, T1R2/T1R3.	Starch	64-70	taste 1 receptor member 2	Homo sapiens	295-299
25326592-5	2014	There is, however, considerable evidence that rodents can taste starch degradation products (i.e., glucose polymers composed of maltooligosaccharides with 3-10 glucose units and maltopolysaccharides with &gt;10 glucose units) and that their detection is independent of the sweet taste receptor, T1R2/T1R3.	Starch	64-70	taste 1 receptor member 3	Homo sapiens	300-304
25165393-5	2014	Moreover, feeding rats with T1D high-amylose maize partially resistant to digestion [resistant starch (RS)] prevented excretion of 25D-DBP without significantly affecting hyperglycemia.	Starch	95-101	D-box binding PAR bZIP transcription factor	Rattus norvegicus	135-138
25037326-3	2014	In the present study, six starches and one glycogen were pre-hydrolyzed by alpha-amylase for various time periods, and then further hydrolyzed with the mucosal alpha-glucosidase, the N-terminal subunit of maltase-glucoamylase (Nt-MGAM), to generate free glucose.	Starch	26-34	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	160-177
25227923-4	2014	While transgenic plants with reduced AtOM66 expression appear to be phenotypically normal, AtOM66 over-expression lines have a distinct phenotype, showing strong leaf curling and reduced starch content.	Starch	187-193	cytochrome BC1 synthesi	Arabidopsis thaliana	91-97
25037326-9	2014	It further supported the hypothesis that the internal structure of starch affects its digestibility at the mucosal alpha-glucosidase level.	Starch	67-73	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	115-132
25271438-5	2014	Here, the Targeting-Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) approach was applied on the barley TILLMore TILLING population to identify 29 new alleles in five genes related to starch metabolism known to be expressed in the endosperm during grain filling: BMY1 (Beta-amylase 1), GBSSI (Granule Bound Starch Synthase I), LDA1 (Limit Dextrinase 1), SSI (Starch Synthase I), SSIIa (Starch Synthase IIa).	Starch	178-184	LOC548187	Hordeum vulgare	257-261
24975239-1	2014	High amylase activity in dogs is associated with a drastic increase in copy numbers of the gene coding for pancreatic amylase, AMY2B, that likely allowed dogs to thrive on a relatively starch-rich diet during early dog domestication.	Starch	185-191	amylase, alpha 2B (pancreatic)	Canis lupus familiaris	127-132
24994761-6	2014	An spsa1 knock-out mutant showed a 44% decrease in leaf SPS activity and a slight increase in leaf starch content at the end of the light period as well as at the end of the dark period.	Starch	99-105	sucrose phosphate synthase 1F	Arabidopsis thaliana	3-8
24994761-8	2014	In contrast, an spsa1/spsc double mutant was strongly impaired in growth and accumulated high levels of starch.	Starch	104-110	sucrose phosphate synthase 1F	Arabidopsis thaliana	16-21
25271438-5	2014	Here, the Targeting-Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) approach was applied on the barley TILLMore TILLING population to identify 29 new alleles in five genes related to starch metabolism known to be expressed in the endosperm during grain filling: BMY1 (Beta-amylase 1), GBSSI (Granule Bound Starch Synthase I), LDA1 (Limit Dextrinase 1), SSI (Starch Synthase I), SSIIa (Starch Synthase IIa).	Starch	178-184	LOC548187	Hordeum vulgare	263-277
25271438-5	2014	Here, the Targeting-Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) approach was applied on the barley TILLMore TILLING population to identify 29 new alleles in five genes related to starch metabolism known to be expressed in the endosperm during grain filling: BMY1 (Beta-amylase 1), GBSSI (Granule Bound Starch Synthase I), LDA1 (Limit Dextrinase 1), SSI (Starch Synthase I), SSIIa (Starch Synthase IIa).	Starch	178-184	Granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplast	Hordeum vulgare	280-285
25271438-5	2014	Here, the Targeting-Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes (TILLING) approach was applied on the barley TILLMore TILLING population to identify 29 new alleles in five genes related to starch metabolism known to be expressed in the endosperm during grain filling: BMY1 (Beta-amylase 1), GBSSI (Granule Bound Starch Synthase I), LDA1 (Limit Dextrinase 1), SSI (Starch Synthase I), SSIIa (Starch Synthase IIa).	Starch	178-184	Granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplast	Hordeum vulgare	287-318
24800789-7	2014	Elevated stress tolerance of AtTPPD overexpressors correlated with high starch levels and increased accumulation of soluble sugars, suggesting a role for AtTPPD in regulating sugar metabolism under salinity conditions.	Starch	72-78	Haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase (HAD) superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	29-35
25088399-9	2014	The localization of SS4 in specific areas of the thylakoid membrane suggests that starch granules are originated at specific regions of the chloroplast.	Starch	82-88	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	20-23
24800789-7	2014	Elevated stress tolerance of AtTPPD overexpressors correlated with high starch levels and increased accumulation of soluble sugars, suggesting a role for AtTPPD in regulating sugar metabolism under salinity conditions.	Starch	72-78	Haloacid dehalogenase-like hydrolase (HAD) superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	154-160
25216779-8	2014	HSP90.5 cosuppression also caused significantly reduced rosette leaf growth, transient starch storage, but did not affect rosette leaf initiation or inflorescence production, although the fertility was reduced.	Starch	87-93	Chaperone protein htpG family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-7
25209128-2	2014	Here we show that the quantitative trait locus (QTL) qPC1 in rice controls GPC by regulating the synthesis and accumulation of glutelins, prolamins, globulins, albumins and starch.	Starch	173-179	glycophorin C (Gerbich blood group)	Homo sapiens	75-78
25279291-4	2014	The acid hydrolysis showed that V73 is the best starch in the chemical industry for making environment-friendly products such as plastics.	Starch	48-54	solute carrier family 6 member 15	Homo sapiens	32-35
25133777-1	2014	In leaves, it is widely assumed that starch is the end-product of a metabolic pathway exclusively taking place in the chloroplast that (a) involves plastidic phosphoglucomutase (pPGM), ADPglucose (ADPG) pyrophosphorylase (AGP) and starch synthase (SS), and (b) is linked to the Calvin-Benson cycle by means of the plastidic phosphoglucose isomerase (pPGI).	Starch	37-43	phosphoglucomutase	Arabidopsis thaliana	158-176
24965177-6	2014	Mutation of SS1 promoted starch synthesis, restoring granules in mesophyll cell plastids.	Starch	25-31	Glycogen/starch synthases, ADP-glucose type	Arabidopsis thaliana	12-15
24965177-7	2014	Mutation of SS2 decreased starch synthesis, abolishing granules in epidermal and bundle sheath cells.	Starch	26-32	starch synthase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	12-15
24965177-9	2014	Interestingly, ss2 mutant plants contained small amounts of phytoglycogen in addition to aberrant starch.	Starch	98-104	starch synthase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	15-18
25084007-0	2014	Nucleotide diversity of Maize ZmBT1 gene and association with starch physicochemical properties.	Starch	62-68	adenine nucleotide transporter BT1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic/mitochondrial	Zea mays	30-35
24820024-8	2014	An increased intracellular starch was observed in response to nutrient deprivation in strains overexpressing NDA2.	Starch	27-33	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	109-113
24868033-9	2014	Under Pi deficiency, the expression of photosynthetic genes in hps7 is further increased, which leads to enhanced accumulation of chlorophyll, starch, and sucrose.	Starch	143-149	tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase	Arabidopsis thaliana	63-67
24993830-1	2014	The starch debranching enzymes isoamylase 1 and 2 (ISA1 and ISA2) are known to exist in a large complex and are involved in the biosynthesis and crystallization of starch.	Starch	4-10	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	51-55
24993830-1	2014	The starch debranching enzymes isoamylase 1 and 2 (ISA1 and ISA2) are known to exist in a large complex and are involved in the biosynthesis and crystallization of starch.	Starch	4-10	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	60-64
24993830-3	2014	Here, we investigate the function of ISA1 and ISA2 from starch producing alga Chlamydomonas.	Starch	56-62	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	37-41
24993830-3	2014	Here, we investigate the function of ISA1 and ISA2 from starch producing alga Chlamydomonas.	Starch	56-62	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	46-50
24993830-5	2014	However, mutants retain a functional dimeric ISA1 that is able to partly sustain starch synthesis in vivo.	Starch	81-87	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	45-49
25092886-8	2014	The oncogenic miR17-92 cluster is differentially regulated by dietary factors that increase or decrease risk for colorectal cancer, and this may explain, at least in part, the respective risk profiles of HRM and resistant starch.	Starch	222-228	miR-17-92a-1 cluster host gene	Homo sapiens	14-22
24891561-1	2014	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is a key allosteric enzyme in plant starch biosynthesis.	Starch	75-81	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	0-29
24891561-1	2014	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is a key allosteric enzyme in plant starch biosynthesis.	Starch	75-81	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	31-37
24764455-7	2014	HLX was also downregulated in embryos in which flow was ablated, whereas injection of a starch solution, which increases blood viscosity and therefore shear stress, causes an upregulation in HLX.	Starch	88-94	H2.0-like homeobox	Mus musculus	191-194
25202675-4	2014	Ak 1 phenotype was determined by starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	33-39	adenylate kinase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
24747724-8	2014	Differences between "on" and "off" trees in starch content can be explained by differences in ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPP) expression/activity and alpha-amylase activity which varies depending on crop load.	Starch	44-50	alpha-amylase	Citrus sinensis	155-168
24773321-7	2014	Moreover, WRKY46 modulates light-dependent starch metabolism in guard cells via regulating QUA-QUINE STARCH (QQS) gene expression.	Starch	43-49	WRKY DNA-binding protein 46	Arabidopsis thaliana	10-16
24994116-3	2014	EMT-induced CS-like cells (HMLERshEcad) and isogenic parental cells (HMLERshCntrol) were simultaneously screened for their ability to generate energy-rich NADH when cultured in a standardized high-throughput metabolic phenotyping platform comprising &gt;350 wells that were pre-loaded with different carbohydrates/starches, alcohols, fatty acids, ketones, carboxylic acids, amino acids, and bi-amino acids.	Starch	314-322	IL2 inducible T cell kinase	Homo sapiens	0-3
25133777-1	2014	In leaves, it is widely assumed that starch is the end-product of a metabolic pathway exclusively taking place in the chloroplast that (a) involves plastidic phosphoglucomutase (pPGM), ADPglucose (ADPG) pyrophosphorylase (AGP) and starch synthase (SS), and (b) is linked to the Calvin-Benson cycle by means of the plastidic phosphoglucose isomerase (pPGI).	Starch	37-43	phosphoglucomutase	Arabidopsis thaliana	178-182
24507768-0	2014	Resistant starch and arabinoxylan augment SCFA absorption, but affect postprandial glucose and insulin responses differently.	Starch	10-16	insulin	Sus scrofa	95-102
24584515-5	2014	Furthermore, SDS-PAGE and proteomics analysis of culture broths from starch- or corn kernel-based media demonstrated differential production of a number of proteins that included a reduction in the amount of a glucoamylase protein in the veA mutant compared to the control strain, while an alpha-amylase was produced in greater quantities in the veA mutant.	Starch	69-75	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	290-303
24684540-3	2014	Whole starches from du1 maize mutants deficient in starch synthase III (SSIII) with amylose content of ~30-40% were characterized and compared with the wild type of the common genetic background W64A.	Starch	6-14	dull endosperm 1	Zea mays	20-23
24684540-7	2014	Whereas the whole starch of the wild type sample had a branched structure similar to that of its amylopectin component, the results showed that the du1 mutation resulted in more singly branched building blocks in the whole starch compared to the isolated amylopectin.	Starch	223-229	dull endosperm 1	Zea mays	148-151
24781197-1	2014	The first step on the pathway of starch degradation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves at night is the phosphorylation of starch polymers, catalyzed by glucan, water dikinase (GWD).	Starch	33-39	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	186-189
24781197-2	2014	It has been suggested that GWD is important for the control of starch degradation, because its transcript levels undergo strong diel fluctuations, its activity is subject to redox regulation in vitro, and starch degradation is strongly decreased in gwd mutant plants.	Starch	63-69	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	27-30
24781197-2	2014	It has been suggested that GWD is important for the control of starch degradation, because its transcript levels undergo strong diel fluctuations, its activity is subject to redox regulation in vitro, and starch degradation is strongly decreased in gwd mutant plants.	Starch	63-69	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	249-252
24781197-8	2014	We conclude that GWD exerts only a low level of control over starch degradation in Arabidopsis leaves.	Starch	61-67	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	17-20
24799671-3	2014	The glucan phosphatase Starch Excess4 (SEX4) is a position-specific starch phosphatase that is essential for reversible starch phosphorylation; its absence leads to a dramatic accumulation of starch in Arabidopsis, but the basis for its function is unknown.	Starch	23-29	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	39-43
24799671-3	2014	The glucan phosphatase Starch Excess4 (SEX4) is a position-specific starch phosphatase that is essential for reversible starch phosphorylation; its absence leads to a dramatic accumulation of starch in Arabidopsis, but the basis for its function is unknown.	Starch	68-74	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	39-43
24799671-3	2014	The glucan phosphatase Starch Excess4 (SEX4) is a position-specific starch phosphatase that is essential for reversible starch phosphorylation; its absence leads to a dramatic accumulation of starch in Arabidopsis, but the basis for its function is unknown.	Starch	120-126	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	39-43
24507768-7	2014	In conclusion, the RSD and AXD had different effects on the NPF of insulin and glucose, suggesting different impacts of arabinoxylan and resistant starch on human health.	Starch	147-153	insulin	Homo sapiens	67-74
24604735-7	2014	Transcript levels of genes encoding starch metabolism enzymes were significantly altered in the pollen, anther wall, and floral nectary of NtCOI1-silenced tobacco.	Starch	36-42	coronatine-insensitive protein 1-like	Nicotiana tabacum	139-145
24585881-1	2014	When the sta6 (starch-null) strain of the green microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is nitrogen starved in acetate and then "boosted" after 2 days with additional acetate, the cells become "obese" after 8 days, with triacylglyceride (TAG)-filled lipid bodies filling their cytoplasm and chloroplasts.	Starch	15-21	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	9-13
25051640-1	2014	AOAC Official Methods 2009.01 and 2011.25 have been modified to allow removal of resistant maltodextrins produced on hydrolysis of various starches by the combination of pancreatic alpha-amylase and amyloglucosidase (AMG) used in these assay procedures.	Starch	139-147	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	170-194
24604735-9	2014	The expression of NtMYB305, an orthologue of MYB305 previously identified as a flavonoid metabolic regulator in Antirrhinum majus flowers and as a floral-nectar regulator mediating starch synthesis in ornamental tobacco, was extremely downregulated in NtCOI1-silenced tobacco.	Starch	181-187	myb-related protein 305-like	Nicotiana tabacum	18-26
24604735-9	2014	The expression of NtMYB305, an orthologue of MYB305 previously identified as a flavonoid metabolic regulator in Antirrhinum majus flowers and as a floral-nectar regulator mediating starch synthesis in ornamental tobacco, was extremely downregulated in NtCOI1-silenced tobacco.	Starch	181-187	myb-related protein 305-like	Nicotiana tabacum	20-26
24558100-8	2014	These preliminary results highlight marked divergences in allele frequencies of AMY1 and AMY2 genes, involved in starch digestion, between horse breeds characterized by different histories of selection, thus providing first indications of possible relations between genetics and nutritional management.	Starch	113-119	pancreatic alpha-amylase	Equus caballus	80-84
24558100-8	2014	These preliminary results highlight marked divergences in allele frequencies of AMY1 and AMY2 genes, involved in starch digestion, between horse breeds characterized by different histories of selection, thus providing first indications of possible relations between genetics and nutritional management.	Starch	113-119	pancreatic alpha-amylase	Equus caballus	89-93
24748042-1	2014	Plant BZR1-BAM transcription factors contain a beta-amylase (BAM)-like domain, characteristic of proteins involved in starch breakdown.	Starch	118-124	Brassinosteroid signaling positive regulator (BZR1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	6-10
24634486-1	2014	Studies in Arabidopsis and rice suggest that manipulation of starch synthase I (SSI) expression in wheat may lead to the production of wheat grains with novel starch structure and properties.	Starch	61-67	starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic-like	Triticum aestivum	80-83
24634486-3	2014	The amylopectin fraction of starch from the SSI suppressed lines showed an increased frequency of very short chains (degree of polymerization, dp 6 and 7), a lower proportion of short chains (dp 8-12), and more intermediate chains (dp 13-20) than in the grain from their negative segregant lines.	Starch	28-34	starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic-like	Triticum aestivum	44-47
24634486-5	2014	The change of the fine structure of the starch in the SSI-RNAi suppression lines alters the gelatinization temperature, swelling power, and viscosity of the starch.	Starch	40-46	starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic-like	Triticum aestivum	54-57
24634486-5	2014	The change of the fine structure of the starch in the SSI-RNAi suppression lines alters the gelatinization temperature, swelling power, and viscosity of the starch.	Starch	157-163	starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic-like	Triticum aestivum	54-57
24634486-6	2014	This work demonstrates that the roles of SSI in the determination of starch structure and properties are similar among different cereals and Arabidopsis.	Starch	69-75	Glycogen/starch synthases, ADP-glucose type	Arabidopsis thaliana	41-44
24584068-1	2014	This study investigated effectiveness of starch-stabilized magnetite nanoparticles for in situ enhanced sorption and immobilization of arsenate, As(V), in a model sandy loam soil.	Starch	41-47	SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	145-150
24795735-4	2014	Furthermore, mutations in TOC132 enhance the gravitropic defect of a mutant whose amyloplasts lack starch.	Starch	99-105	multimeric translocon complex in the outer envelope membrane 132	Arabidopsis thaliana	26-32
24718641-5	2014	In adult mice fed for three mo a normal Ca2+ diet, renal expression of CYP27B1 and of CYP24A1 (24-hydroxylase) decreased and increased, respectively, when the carbohydrate source was fructose instead of glucose or starch.	Starch	214-220	cytochrome P450, family 27, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	71-78
24718641-5	2014	In adult mice fed for three mo a normal Ca2+ diet, renal expression of CYP27B1 and of CYP24A1 (24-hydroxylase) decreased and increased, respectively, when the carbohydrate source was fructose instead of glucose or starch.	Starch	214-220	cytochrome P450, family 24, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	86-93
24468931-4	2014	Foliar C and N primary metabolism was affected by NR deficiency, as evidenced by decreased levels of most amino acids and organic acids and total soluble sugars and starch in the nia1 nia2 leaves.	Starch	165-171	nitrate reductase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	50-52
24105903-14	2014	Starch-based stents can be used in other pathologies with less alpha-amylase content in the surrounding medium.	Starch	0-6	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: pancreatic alpha-amylase	Sus scrofa	63-76
24550386-1	2014	Starch branching enzyme IIb (SBEIIb) plays a crucial role in amylopectin biosynthesis in maize endosperm by defining the structural and functional properties of storage starch and is regulated by protein phosphorylation.	Starch	169-175	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	0-27
24642810-0	2014	Replacement of the endogenous starch debranching enzymes ISA1 and ISA2 of Arabidopsis with the rice orthologs reveals a degree of functional conservation during starch synthesis.	Starch	30-36	isoamylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	57-61
24642810-0	2014	Replacement of the endogenous starch debranching enzymes ISA1 and ISA2 of Arabidopsis with the rice orthologs reveals a degree of functional conservation during starch synthesis.	Starch	30-36	debranching enzyme 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	66-70
24642810-0	2014	Replacement of the endogenous starch debranching enzymes ISA1 and ISA2 of Arabidopsis with the rice orthologs reveals a degree of functional conservation during starch synthesis.	Starch	161-167	isoamylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	57-61
24642810-0	2014	Replacement of the endogenous starch debranching enzymes ISA1 and ISA2 of Arabidopsis with the rice orthologs reveals a degree of functional conservation during starch synthesis.	Starch	161-167	debranching enzyme 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	66-70
24528715-2	2014	The normal maize starch was treated using maltogenic alpha-amylase for 6h and showed an increase of slowly digestible starch from 11.1% to 19.6%.	Starch	17-23	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	53-66
24528715-3	2014	Compared to the control starch, the iodine binding analysis showed that the wavelength of maximum absorption and the absorbance was substantially reduced with initial maltogenic alpha-amylase treatment.	Starch	24-30	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	178-191
24472865-3	2014	An augmented number of amylase gene (AMY1) copies, giving rise to higher salivary amylase activity, has been implicated in the consumption of starch-rich foods.	Starch	142-148	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	37-41
24507140-11	2014	Starch content reduced under ACO2+AO3 and ACO2+EO3 treatments compared to ACO2.	Starch	0-6	1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase	Solanum tuberosum	29-33
24507140-11	2014	Starch content reduced under ACO2+AO3 and ACO2+EO3 treatments compared to ACO2.	Starch	0-6	1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase	Solanum tuberosum	42-46
24507140-11	2014	Starch content reduced under ACO2+AO3 and ACO2+EO3 treatments compared to ACO2.	Starch	0-6	1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase	Solanum tuberosum	42-46
24885294-1	2014	BACKGROUND: Limit dextrinase inhibitor (LDI) inhibits starch degradation in barley grains during malting because it binds with limit dextrinase (LD).	Starch	54-60	LOC732674	Hordeum vulgare	12-38
24748716-6	2014	The lys5 mutation conditioned low grain weight and starch content, but exceptionally high beta-glucan contents.	Starch	51-57	aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase-phosphopantetheinyl transferase	Homo sapiens	4-8
24262656-10	2014	Therefore, the A. macleodii strain B7 and its alpha-amylase can be useful in lowering EP molecular weight and in starch processing.	Starch	113-119	alpha-amylase	Alteromonas macleodii ATCC 27126	46-59
24507258-1	2014	Waxy maize starch was subjected to alpha-amylase (Bacillus licheniformis) hydrolysis in buffered medium to determine the evolution of reaction in quantitative terms and also in terms of the morphology and crystallinity of the partially hydrolyzed starch granules.	Starch	11-17	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	35-48
24381067-1	2014	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) provides the nucleotide sugar ADP-glucose and thus constitutes the first step in starch biosynthesis.	Starch	120-126	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	0-29
24378757-1	2014	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) controls the rate-limiting step in starch biosynthesis and is regulated at various levels.	Starch	74-80	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	0-29
24378757-1	2014	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) controls the rate-limiting step in starch biosynthesis and is regulated at various levels.	Starch	74-80	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	31-37
24302650-10	2014	When grown in a light-dark regime, mesophyll chloroplasts of dpe2-1xphs1a contain a single starch granule but under continuous illumination more granules per chloroplast are formed.	Starch	91-97	disproportionating enzyme 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	61-65
24381067-1	2014	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) provides the nucleotide sugar ADP-glucose and thus constitutes the first step in starch biosynthesis.	Starch	120-126	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	31-37
24381067-10	2014	Endosperm starch was decreased by approximately 7% in agpsemzm- or agpllzm- mutants, demonstrating that plastidial AGPase activity contributes to starch production in this tissue even when the major cytosolic activity is present.	Starch	10-16	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	115-121
24381067-9	2014	Remnant starch was observed in both instances, indicating that additional genes encode AGPase large and small subunits in embryo and leaf.	Starch	8-14	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	87-93
24381067-10	2014	Endosperm starch was decreased by approximately 7% in agpsemzm- or agpllzm- mutants, demonstrating that plastidial AGPase activity contributes to starch production in this tissue even when the major cytosolic activity is present.	Starch	146-152	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	115-121
24299846-2	2014	The effect of two different enzymes, fungal alpha-amylase (AM) or amyloglucosidase (AMG), on corn starch at sub-gelatinization temperature was studied as an alternative to obtain porous starch.	Starch	98-104	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	44-57
24446340-1	2014	To understand the relationships between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the waxy gene and starch parameters in common rye, we performed sequence characterization, enzyme activity testing, amylopectin/amylose ratio evaluation, starch property testing, and correlation analysis.	Starch	100-106	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Triticum aestivum	86-90
23964564-7	2014	Because they mediate the final steps of starch digestion, both MGAM and SI are important target enzymes for the treatment of type-2 diabetes.	Starch	40-46	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	63-67
24446340-10	2014	The correlation of SNPs, the key catalytic site of Waxy, with starch parameters and enzyme activity suggested that both starch pasting parameters and Waxy protein activity were influenced by No.	Starch	120-126	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Triticum aestivum	51-55
27135490-7	2014	In addition, transcripts of genes involved in starch metabolism such as SEX1 (glucan water dikinase) and SEX4 (phosphoglucan phosphatase), DBE (debranching enzyme), MEX1 (maltose transporter), APL3 (ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase) and glucose-6-phosphate transporter (Glc6PT) were up-regulated in the HsPIPKIalpha plants.	Starch	46-52	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	72-76
27135490-7	2014	In addition, transcripts of genes involved in starch metabolism such as SEX1 (glucan water dikinase) and SEX4 (phosphoglucan phosphatase), DBE (debranching enzyme), MEX1 (maltose transporter), APL3 (ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase) and glucose-6-phosphate transporter (Glc6PT) were up-regulated in the HsPIPKIalpha plants.	Starch	46-52	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	105-109
27135490-7	2014	In addition, transcripts of genes involved in starch metabolism such as SEX1 (glucan water dikinase) and SEX4 (phosphoglucan phosphatase), DBE (debranching enzyme), MEX1 (maltose transporter), APL3 (ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase) and glucose-6-phosphate transporter (Glc6PT) were up-regulated in the HsPIPKIalpha plants.	Starch	46-52	root cap 1 (RCP1)	Arabidopsis thaliana	165-169
27135490-7	2014	In addition, transcripts of genes involved in starch metabolism such as SEX1 (glucan water dikinase) and SEX4 (phosphoglucan phosphatase), DBE (debranching enzyme), MEX1 (maltose transporter), APL3 (ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase) and glucose-6-phosphate transporter (Glc6PT) were up-regulated in the HsPIPKIalpha plants.	Starch	46-52	Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	193-197
25276800-1	2014	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is the first rate limiting enzyme of starch biosynthesis pathway and has been exploited as the target for greater starch yield in several plants.	Starch	76-82	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	0-29
25276800-1	2014	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is the first rate limiting enzyme of starch biosynthesis pathway and has been exploited as the target for greater starch yield in several plants.	Starch	76-82	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	31-37
25276800-1	2014	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is the first rate limiting enzyme of starch biosynthesis pathway and has been exploited as the target for greater starch yield in several plants.	Starch	153-159	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	0-29
24446340-10	2014	The correlation of SNPs, the key catalytic site of Waxy, with starch parameters and enzyme activity suggested that both starch pasting parameters and Waxy protein activity were influenced by No.	Starch	62-68	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Triticum aestivum	51-55
24446340-10	2014	The correlation of SNPs, the key catalytic site of Waxy, with starch parameters and enzyme activity suggested that both starch pasting parameters and Waxy protein activity were influenced by No.	Starch	62-68	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Triticum aestivum	150-154
24453982-6	2014	In light of this finding, we expand upon previous work regarding the increase in copy number of the amylase gene (AMY2B) in dogs, which is believed to have aided digestion of starch in agricultural refuse.	Starch	175-181	amylase, alpha 2B (pancreatic)	Canis lupus familiaris	114-119
25763482-1	2014	Starch phosphorylation mediated by the alpha-glucan, water dikinase (GWD) is crucial for transitory starch metabolism.	Starch	0-6	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	39-67
25763482-1	2014	Starch phosphorylation mediated by the alpha-glucan, water dikinase (GWD) is crucial for transitory starch metabolism.	Starch	0-6	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	69-72
25763482-1	2014	Starch phosphorylation mediated by the alpha-glucan, water dikinase (GWD) is crucial for transitory starch metabolism.	Starch	100-106	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	39-67
25763482-1	2014	Starch phosphorylation mediated by the alpha-glucan, water dikinase (GWD) is crucial for transitory starch metabolism.	Starch	100-106	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	69-72
25763482-2	2014	The impact of the GWD action on transitory starch metabolism was analyzed in Arabidopsis mutants either lacking or revealing different reduced levels of GWD activity.	Starch	43-49	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	18-21
25763482-5	2014	Additionally, we discuss data referring to an involvement of the GWD mediated glucan phosphorylation in starch synthesis, as, e.g., starch phosphorylation occurred even when a dark phase was omitted.	Starch	104-110	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	65-68
25763482-5	2014	Additionally, we discuss data referring to an involvement of the GWD mediated glucan phosphorylation in starch synthesis, as, e.g., starch phosphorylation occurred even when a dark phase was omitted.	Starch	132-138	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	65-68
24195618-0	2013	Resistant starch intake at breakfast affects postprandial responses in type 2 diabetics and enhances the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide--insulin relationship following a second meal.	Starch	10-16	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	105-149
25276800-1	2014	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is the first rate limiting enzyme of starch biosynthesis pathway and has been exploited as the target for greater starch yield in several plants.	Starch	153-159	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	31-37
24195618-0	2013	Resistant starch intake at breakfast affects postprandial responses in type 2 diabetics and enhances the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide--insulin relationship following a second meal.	Starch	10-16	insulin	Homo sapiens	123-130
23871000-5	2013	Vignacyanidin inhibited alpha-amylase-catalysed digestion of starch at pH 6.8, and amylose digestion was more effectively inhibited than amylopectin digestion.	Starch	61-67	alpha-amylase	Vigna angularis	24-37
23871000-6	2013	The above results suggest (i) that binding of the pigment to starch increased the accessibility of nitrous acid to the pigment, and (ii) that the binding reduced the digestibility of starch by alpha-amylase.	Starch	61-67	alpha-amylase	Vigna angularis	193-206
23871000-6	2013	The above results suggest (i) that binding of the pigment to starch increased the accessibility of nitrous acid to the pigment, and (ii) that the binding reduced the digestibility of starch by alpha-amylase.	Starch	183-189	alpha-amylase	Vigna angularis	193-206
23838818-1	2013	OBJECTIVES: Six enzyme activities are needed to digest starch to absorbable free glucose; 2 luminal alpha-amylases (AMY) and 4 mucosal maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM) and sucrase-isomaltase (SI) subunit activities are involved in the digestion.	Starch	55-61	maltase-glucoamylase	Mus musculus	157-161
23838818-1	2013	OBJECTIVES: Six enzyme activities are needed to digest starch to absorbable free glucose; 2 luminal alpha-amylases (AMY) and 4 mucosal maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM) and sucrase-isomaltase (SI) subunit activities are involved in the digestion.	Starch	55-61	sucrase isomaltase (alpha-glucosidase)	Mus musculus	167-185
23838818-2	2013	The AMY activities break down starch to soluble oligomeric dextrins; mucosal MGAM and SI can either directly digest starch to glucose or convert the post-alpha-amylolytic dextrins to glucose.	Starch	30-36	maltase-glucoamylase	Mus musculus	77-81
23838818-2	2013	The AMY activities break down starch to soluble oligomeric dextrins; mucosal MGAM and SI can either directly digest starch to glucose or convert the post-alpha-amylolytic dextrins to glucose.	Starch	116-122	maltase-glucoamylase	Mus musculus	77-81
23952574-1	2013	Conserved isoamylase-type starch debranching enzymes (ISAs), including the catalytic ISA1 and noncatalytic ISA2, are major starch biosynthesis determinants.	Starch	26-32	isoamylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	85-89
23955721-0	2013	Preparation and characterization of PEG-PPG-PEG copolymer/pregelatinized starch blends for use as resorbable bone hemostatic wax.	Starch	73-79	serglycin	Homo sapiens	40-43
24053833-3	2013	The described starch formulations exhibited both cross-linking of starch by citric acid as well as satisfactory barrier properties, e.g. fairly low OTR values at 50% RH that are comparable with EVOH.	Starch	14-20	oxytocin receptor	Homo sapiens	148-151
24002549-5	2013	The results of real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) indicated that Pho2 is mainly expressed in germinating seeds, and the expression of Pho1 is similar to that of starch synthesis genes during seed development in barley.	Starch	163-169	phosphate 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	136-140
24089528-6	2013	Recombinant AtAMY3 was active toward both insoluble starch granules and soluble substrates, with a strong preference for beta-limit dextrin over amylopectin.	Starch	52-58	alpha-amylase-like 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	12-18
24089528-8	2013	AtAMY3 released small linear and branched glucans from Arabidopsis starch granules, and the proportion of branched glucans increased after the predigestion of starch with a beta-amylase.	Starch	67-73	alpha-amylase-like 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-6
24089528-9	2013	Optimal rates of starch digestion in vitro was achieved when both AtAMY3 and beta-amylase activities were present, suggesting that the two enzymes work synergistically at the granule surface.	Starch	17-23	alpha-amylase-like 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	66-72
24027240-1	2013	Isoamylase-type starch debranching enzymes (ISA) play important roles in starch biosynthesis in chloroplast-containing organisms, as shown by the strict conservation of both catalytically active ISA1 and the noncatalytic homolog ISA2.	Starch	16-22	isoamylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	195-199
24027240-1	2013	Isoamylase-type starch debranching enzymes (ISA) play important roles in starch biosynthesis in chloroplast-containing organisms, as shown by the strict conservation of both catalytically active ISA1 and the noncatalytic homolog ISA2.	Starch	16-22	debranching enzyme 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	229-233
24129276-5	2013	After formation of the sandwich complex, the Ab2-glucoamylase-AuNPs conjugates converted starch into glucose in the presence of AFP.	Starch	89-95	alpha fetoprotein	Homo sapiens	128-131
23952574-1	2013	Conserved isoamylase-type starch debranching enzymes (ISAs), including the catalytic ISA1 and noncatalytic ISA2, are major starch biosynthesis determinants.	Starch	26-32	debranching enzyme 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	107-111
23952675-1	2013	Arabidopsis thaliana mutants lacking the SS4 isoform of starch synthase have strongly reduced numbers of starch granules per chloroplast, suggesting that SS4 is necessary for the normal generation of starch granules.	Starch	56-62	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	41-44
23952675-1	2013	Arabidopsis thaliana mutants lacking the SS4 isoform of starch synthase have strongly reduced numbers of starch granules per chloroplast, suggesting that SS4 is necessary for the normal generation of starch granules.	Starch	56-62	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	154-157
23952675-1	2013	Arabidopsis thaliana mutants lacking the SS4 isoform of starch synthase have strongly reduced numbers of starch granules per chloroplast, suggesting that SS4 is necessary for the normal generation of starch granules.	Starch	105-111	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	41-44
24350051-5	2013	Pancreatic alpha amylase and glucosidase inhibitors offer an effective strategy to lower the level of post prandial hyperglycemia via control of starch breakdown.	Starch	145-151	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	0-24
23507477-2	2013	The present study was designed to investigate whether endogenous plasma GLP-1 concentrations increase following acute consumption of 48 g dietary fibre (as resistant starch (RS) from high-amylose maize type 2 RS (HAM-RS2)) compared with a matched placebo.	Starch	166-172	LOC542565	Zea mays	72-77
23263832-4	2013	The results showed that the hot-water extract of the leaves significantly suppressed the increase of blood glucose levels after glucose, maltose and starch loading.	Starch	149-155	alcohol dehydrogenase, iron containing, 1	Mus musculus	28-31
23452177-6	2013	Mutants defective in starch anabolism (adg1-1, pgm1) and catabolism (sex1, sex4, bam3) showed prolonged juvenile phase lengths compared to Col-0.	Starch	21-27	ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	39-45
23452177-6	2013	Mutants defective in starch anabolism (adg1-1, pgm1) and catabolism (sex1, sex4, bam3) showed prolonged juvenile phase lengths compared to Col-0.	Starch	21-27	phosphoglucomutase	Arabidopsis thaliana	47-51
23452177-7	2013	Examination of diurnal metabolite changes in adg1-1 and sex1 mutants indicates that their altered juvenile phase length may be due to lack of starch turnover, which influences carbohydrate availability.	Starch	142-148	ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	45-51
23452177-7	2013	Examination of diurnal metabolite changes in adg1-1 and sex1 mutants indicates that their altered juvenile phase length may be due to lack of starch turnover, which influences carbohydrate availability.	Starch	142-148	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	56-60
23911473-2	2013	The clusters in the whole starch were produced by partial hydrolysis using alpha-amylase of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and were subsequently treated with beta-amylase to remove the linear amylose and to produce beta-limit dextrins of clusters from amylopectin.	Starch	26-32	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	75-88
24096343-4	2013	Here, we show that sugar starvation in Arabidopsis thaliana arising from inefficient starch metabolism at night strongly reduces the expression of ent-kaurene synthase, a key regulatory enzyme for gibberellin synthesis, the following day.	Starch	85-91	Terpenoid cyclases/Protein prenyltransferases superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	147-167
24098685-0	2013	The heteromultimeric debranching enzyme involved in starch synthesis in Arabidopsis requires both isoamylase1 and isoamylase2 subunits for complex stability and activity.	Starch	52-58	isoamylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	98-109
23964645-1	2013	High-amylose maize starch (HAM) is a common source material to make resistant starch with its high content of amylose (&gt;70%).	Starch	19-25	dull endosperm 1	Zea mays	27-30
23964645-3	2013	The experimental results using a mouse model showed a slow digestion property can be achieved with an extended and moderate glycemic response to HAM starch cocooked with TPLs.	Starch	149-155	dull endosperm 1	Zea mays	145-148
23872660-1	2013	STARCH SYNTHASE4 (SS4) is required for proper starch granule initiation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), although SS3 can partially replace its function.	Starch	46-52	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	7-16
24131821-19	2013	We were able to describe functional/structural sub-domain architecture related to key residues for starch cleavage, calcium, and chloride binding sites in the alpha-amylase, and sterol opening-defining modules and disease-related residues in the NPC1.	Starch	99-105	NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1	Homo sapiens	246-250
23754616-5	2013	The increase of GLP-1 in surviving diabetic rats suppressed the increase of blood glucose level and improved results in the oral glucose and starch tolerance test.	Starch	141-147	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	16-21
23872660-1	2013	STARCH SYNTHASE4 (SS4) is required for proper starch granule initiation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), although SS3 can partially replace its function.	Starch	46-52	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	18-21
23872660-2	2013	Unlike other starch-deficient mutants, ss4 and ss3/ss4 mutants grow poorly even under long-day conditions.	Starch	13-19	strictosidine synthase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	47-50
22457042-0	2013	In vivo chondrocyte and transforming growth factor-beta1 delivery using the thermosensitive chitosan/starch/beta-glycerol phosphate hydrogel.	Starch	101-107	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-56
23769510-5	2013	The largest molecular sizes of beta-amylase hydrolysed OSA-modified gelatinised starches are found at modification with 24% OSA/starch.	Starch	80-88	beta-amylase	Zea mays	31-43
23769510-5	2013	The largest molecular sizes of beta-amylase hydrolysed OSA-modified gelatinised starches are found at modification with 24% OSA/starch.	Starch	80-86	beta-amylase	Zea mays	31-43
23919263-12	2013	Association mapping based on single nucleotide polymorphisms supported a role of Lap in the natural variation of the quantitative traits tuber starch and sugar content.	Starch	143-149	leucine aminopeptidase, chloroplastic	Solanum tuberosum	81-84
22457042-1	2013	In present study, the chitosan/starch/beta-glycerol phosphate hydrogel was investigated as an effective carrier for chondrocytes and delivery of transforming growth factor-beta1.	Starch	31-37	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	145-177
22457042-4	2013	Our collective results showed the potential of chitosan/starch/beta-glycerol phosphate hydrogel for effective delivery of chondrocytes and transforming growth factor-beta1, and preserve chondrocytes" phenotype and functions in vitro.	Starch	56-62	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	139-171
23526625-8	2013	Both ANC- and PAC-enriched fractions inhibited starch-degrading enzyme alpha-glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV activity.	Starch	47-53	sucrase isomaltase (alpha-glucosidase)	Mus musculus	71-88
23688463-3	2013	The activities of alpha-amylase and beta-amylase associated to the starch granules were determined, and their presence was confirmed using immunolocalization assays.	Starch	67-73	beta-amylase	Musa acuminata	36-48
23964645-7	2013	Collectively, the amylose-TPL complexation influences the normal self-assembling process of amylose, leading to a low-ordered crystalline structure, which is the basis for TPLs" function in modulating the digestion property of HAM starch to produce a slowly digestible starch material that is beneficial to postprandial glycemic control and related health effects.	Starch	231-237	dull endosperm 1	Zea mays	227-230
23964645-7	2013	Collectively, the amylose-TPL complexation influences the normal self-assembling process of amylose, leading to a low-ordered crystalline structure, which is the basis for TPLs" function in modulating the digestion property of HAM starch to produce a slowly digestible starch material that is beneficial to postprandial glycemic control and related health effects.	Starch	269-275	dull endosperm 1	Zea mays	227-230
23526625-8	2013	Both ANC- and PAC-enriched fractions inhibited starch-degrading enzyme alpha-glucosidase and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV activity.	Starch	47-53	dipeptidylpeptidase 4	Mus musculus	93-116
23647443-0	2013	Synergistic and antagonistic effects of alpha-Amylase and amyloglucosidase on starch digestion.	Starch	78-84	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	40-53
23677864-0	2013	Dietary resistant starch prevents urinary excretion of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and vitamin D-binding protein in type 1 diabetic rats.	Starch	18-24	GC, vitamin D binding protein	Rattus norvegicus	85-110
24199556-2	2013	Porous starch was made of maize starch by using compound enzymes of glucoamylase and alpha-amylase.	Starch	7-13	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	85-98
24199556-2	2013	Porous starch was made of maize starch by using compound enzymes of glucoamylase and alpha-amylase.	Starch	32-38	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	85-98
23692371-3	2013	The aim of this work was to investigate the starch metabolism of fruits during fruit ripening from plants infected with BLSD by evaluating carbohydrate content (i.e., starch, soluble sugars, oligosaccharides, amylose), phenolic compound content, phytohormones, enzymatic activities (i.e., starch phosphorylases, alpha- and beta-amylase), and starch granules.	Starch	44-50	beta-amylase	Musa acuminata	312-335
23305564-8	2013	RNAi lines of NtHXK1 showed severely damaged leaf and chloroplast structure, coinciding with an excess accumulation of starch.	Starch	119-125	hexokinase-1	Nicotiana tabacum	14-20
23305564-9	2013	We conclude that NtHXK1 is not only essential for maintaining glycolytic activity during respiration but also for regulating starch turnover, especially during the night.	Starch	125-131	hexokinase-1	Nicotiana tabacum	17-23
23547138-10	2013	Naive T1r3 KO and WT mice displayed similar preferences for 0.5-32% corn starch, which were enhanced by starch experience.	Starch	73-79	taste receptor, type 1, member 3	Mus musculus	6-10
23547138-11	2013	Naive Trpm5 KO mice did not prefer starch but did so after 1-bottle starch experience.	Starch	68-74	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 5	Mus musculus	6-11
23547138-14	2013	The findings further demonstrate that although Trpm5 (but not T1r3) signaling is essential for starch preference, Trpm5 KO mice can learn to prefer starch based on its postoral effects.	Starch	148-154	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 5	Mus musculus	114-119
23690246-1	2013	Granule Bound Starch Synthase I (GBSS I) encoded by the waxy gene plays an important role in accumulating amylose during the development of starch granules in barley.	Starch	140-146	Granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplast	Hordeum vulgare	0-31
23690246-1	2013	Granule Bound Starch Synthase I (GBSS I) encoded by the waxy gene plays an important role in accumulating amylose during the development of starch granules in barley.	Starch	140-146	Granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplast	Hordeum vulgare	33-39
23832589-5	2013	LSF2 binds maltohexaose-phosphate using an aromatic channel within an extended phosphatase active site and positions maltohexaose in a C3-specific orientation, which we show is critical for the specific glucan phosphatase activity of LSF2 toward native Arabidopsis starch.	Starch	265-271	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-4
23832589-5	2013	LSF2 binds maltohexaose-phosphate using an aromatic channel within an extended phosphatase active site and positions maltohexaose in a C3-specific orientation, which we show is critical for the specific glucan phosphatase activity of LSF2 toward native Arabidopsis starch.	Starch	265-271	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	234-238
23832589-6	2013	However, unlike other starch binding enzymes, LSF2 does not possess a carbohydrate binding module domain.	Starch	22-28	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	46-50
23832589-8	2013	This structure is the first of a glucan-bound glucan phosphatase and provides new insights into the molecular basis of this agriculturally and industrially relevant enzyme family as well as the unique mechanism of LSF2 catalysis, substrate specificity, and interaction with starch granules.	Starch	274-280	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	214-218
23531592-3	2013	In this work, a water soluble copolymer flocculant, STC-g-PDMC (starch-graft-poly (2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride) was synthesized through grafting a monomer, (2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC), onto starch initiated by potassium persulphate.	Starch	64-70	stanniocalcin 1	Homo sapiens	52-55
23531592-3	2013	In this work, a water soluble copolymer flocculant, STC-g-PDMC (starch-graft-poly (2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride) was synthesized through grafting a monomer, (2-methacryloyloxyethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC), onto starch initiated by potassium persulphate.	Starch	245-251	stanniocalcin 1	Homo sapiens	52-55
23531592-6	2013	The prepared STC-g-PDMC exhibited a highly effective flocculation capability for kaolin suspensions compared with starch and polyacrylamide as control.	Starch	114-120	stanniocalcin 1	Homo sapiens	13-16
23547138-10	2013	Naive T1r3 KO and WT mice displayed similar preferences for 0.5-32% corn starch, which were enhanced by starch experience.	Starch	104-110	taste receptor, type 1, member 3	Mus musculus	6-10
22819554-0	2013	Methylation of histone H3 at lysine 4 and expression of the maltase-glucoamylase gene are reduced by dietary resistant starch.	Starch	119-125	maltase-glucoamylase 2	Rattus norvegicus	60-80
23905323-6	2013	The Rcal and Rval for quaternary mixtures" components, acetaminophen, lactose monohydrate, microcrystalline cellulose and soluble starch, were all more than 0.93, 0.98, 0.63 and 0.86, respectively.	Starch	130-136	reticulocalbin 1	Homo sapiens	4-8
22733389-4	2013	A central composite design was employed to achieve the highest chitinase production at optimum values of the process variables, viz., temperature (20-45  C), sodium chloride (2-7%), starch (0.1-1%) and yeast extract (0.1-1%), added in the minimal medium supplemented with colloidal chitin (1-10%; w:w).	Starch	182-188	class V chitinase	Cicer arietinum	63-72
22733389-6	2013	The production medium to achieve the highest chitinase production (101 U ml(-1) ) was composed of the minimal medium composed of chitin (6.09%), NaCl (4.5%), starch (0.55%) and yeast extract (0.55%) with temperature (32.5  C).	Starch	158-164	class V chitinase	Cicer arietinum	45-54
23473443-1	2013	As grain prices rise, the search for alternative glycogenic precursors in animal feed becomes increasingly important, and this study was conducted to determine if the replacement of starch with glycerol, as an alternative glycogenic precursor, affects the milk metabolic profile and milk coagulation ability, and therefore the quality of the milk.	Starch	182-188	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	256-260
23530131-7	2013	Heavy isotope-labelling experiments indicates that carbon flux into starch is altered in pgd3 mutants.	Starch	68-74	6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, decarboxylating	Zea mays	89-93
23148892-4	2013	A comparative genome-wide transcriptional analysis revealed that expression levels of genes involved in carbon metabolism, particularly sucrose and starch catabolism, were found to increase upon the loss of GABA-T function under salt stress conditions.	Starch	148-154	Pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent transferases superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	207-213
23613746-2	2013	Studies in humans found variation in enzymatic activity of sAA across populations that could be linked to the copy number of loci for salivary amylase (AMY1), which was seen as an adaptive response to the intake of dietary starch.	Starch	223-229	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	152-156
23544574-1	2013	PLC was incorporated into the starch gel at 0.7% and total solid was adjusted to 6.0%.	Starch	30-36	phospholipase C	Zea mays	0-3
23544574-2	2013	The syneresis was measured by the centrifugal-filtration method and, as a result, addition of PLC reduced effectively the syneresis of the starch gel even after 5 FT cycles, which was less than one third that of the normal starch gel.	Starch	139-145	phospholipase C	Zea mays	94-97
23544574-2	2013	The syneresis was measured by the centrifugal-filtration method and, as a result, addition of PLC reduced effectively the syneresis of the starch gel even after 5 FT cycles, which was less than one third that of the normal starch gel.	Starch	223-229	phospholipase C	Zea mays	94-97
23365108-1	2013	Starch in white wheat bread (WB) induces high postprandial glucose and insulin responses.	Starch	0-6	insulin	Homo sapiens	71-78
23299900-7	2013	Here, we report on new DNA variants at loci encoding ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and the invertase Pain-1, which are associated with positive or negative effect with chip color, tuber starch content and starch yield.	Starch	186-192	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	53-82
23299900-7	2013	Here, we report on new DNA variants at loci encoding ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and the invertase Pain-1, which are associated with positive or negative effect with chip color, tuber starch content and starch yield.	Starch	186-192	beta-fructosidase	Solanum tuberosum	101-107
23299900-7	2013	Here, we report on new DNA variants at loci encoding ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and the invertase Pain-1, which are associated with positive or negative effect with chip color, tuber starch content and starch yield.	Starch	205-211	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	53-82
23299900-7	2013	Here, we report on new DNA variants at loci encoding ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and the invertase Pain-1, which are associated with positive or negative effect with chip color, tuber starch content and starch yield.	Starch	205-211	beta-fructosidase	Solanum tuberosum	101-107
23398733-0	2013	Overexpression of plastidial thioredoxin f leads to enhanced starch accumulation in tobacco leaves.	Starch	61-67	thioredoxin H-type 1	Nicotiana tabacum	29-40
23398733-6	2013	Tobacco plants overexpressing Trx f, but not Trx m, showed an increase of up to 700% in leaf starch accumulation, accompanied by an increase in leaf sugars, specific leaf weight (SLW), and leaf biomass yield.	Starch	93-99	thioredoxin H-type 1	Nicotiana tabacum	30-33
23638112-0	2013	Mammalian mucosal alpha-glucosidases coordinate with alpha-amylase in the initial starch hydrolysis stage to have a role in starch digestion beyond glucogenesis.	Starch	82-88	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	53-66
23638112-0	2013	Mammalian mucosal alpha-glucosidases coordinate with alpha-amylase in the initial starch hydrolysis stage to have a role in starch digestion beyond glucogenesis.	Starch	124-130	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	53-66
23638112-1	2013	Starch digestion in the human body is typically viewed in a sequential manner beginning with alpha-amylase and followed by alpha-glucosidase to produce glucose.	Starch	0-6	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	93-106
23638112-1	2013	Starch digestion in the human body is typically viewed in a sequential manner beginning with alpha-amylase and followed by alpha-glucosidase to produce glucose.	Starch	0-6	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	123-140
23638112-3	2013	The aim of this study was to investigate how the mucosal alpha-glucosidases act with alpha-amylase to digest granular starch.	Starch	118-124	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	85-98
23638112-8	2013	alpha-Amylase combined with the mucosal alpha-glucosidases in the intestinal extract showed higher glucogenesis as expected, but also higher maltooligosaccharide amounts indicating an overall greater degree of granular starch breakdown.	Starch	219-225	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	0-13
23638112-10	2013	Direct digestion of granular starch by mammalian recombinant mucosal alpha-glucosidases was observed which shows that these enzymes may work either independently or together with alpha-amylase to digest starch.	Starch	29-35	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	179-192
23638112-11	2013	Thus, mucosal alpha-glucosidases can have a synergistic effect with alpha-amylase on granular starch digestion, consistent with a role in overall starch digestion beyond their primary glucogenesis function.	Starch	94-100	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	68-81
23700364-6	2013	Pro-adipogenic transcriptional regulation was detected in EWS due to greater PPARG and VDR at 96 and 240 d vs. 0 d. GTF2B and KAT2B expression was lower in response to NWS and EWS than NWN, and was most pronounced at 240 d. The increase in PPARG and GTF2B expression between 96 and 240 d underscored the existence of a molecular programming mechanism that was sensitive to age and dietary starch.	Starch	389-395	general transcription factor IIB	Bos taurus	116-121
23700364-6	2013	Pro-adipogenic transcriptional regulation was detected in EWS due to greater PPARG and VDR at 96 and 240 d vs. 0 d. GTF2B and KAT2B expression was lower in response to NWS and EWS than NWN, and was most pronounced at 240 d. The increase in PPARG and GTF2B expression between 96 and 240 d underscored the existence of a molecular programming mechanism that was sensitive to age and dietary starch.	Starch	389-395	lysine acetyltransferase 2B	Bos taurus	126-131
23586588-0	2013	Identification and characterization of lysine-rich proteins and starch biosynthesis genes in the opaque2 mutant by transcriptional and proteomic analysis.	Starch	64-70	regulatory protein opaque-2	Zea mays	97-104
23586588-9	2013	Alteration of amylopectin branching patterns in opaque2 starch could contribute to generation of the soft, starchy endosperm.	Starch	56-62	regulatory protein opaque-2	Zea mays	48-55
23201777-5	2013	Starch from variety Da2 showed high enthalpy of gelatinization temperature as compared to variety Da1.	Starch	0-6	immunoglobulin heavy diversity 4-11 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	98-101
23201777-7	2013	In vitro studies revealed that both the starches from Da1 and Da2 can be used in developing sustained release formulations.	Starch	40-48	immunoglobulin heavy diversity 4-11 (non-functional)	Homo sapiens	54-57
23593031-2	2013	Here, we report that the gene Qua-Quine Starch (QQS) of Arabidopsis thaliana, which is involved in starch metabolism and that originated de novo recently, is subject to frequent epigenetic variation in nature.	Starch	99-105	qua-quine starch	Arabidopsis thaliana	30-46
26105915-2	2013	OBJECTIVES: To learn features of the electrolyte balanced starch solution of Tetraspan in comparison with standard starch solutions in therapy of preeclampsia.	Starch	58-64	uroplakin 1B	Homo sapiens	77-86
23173745-0	2013	Vascular endothelial growth factor and fibroblast growth factor-2 incorporation in starch-based bone tissue-engineered constructs promote the in vivo expression of neovascularization mediators.	Starch	83-89	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	39-65
22819554-3	2013	In this study, we examined whether methylations of histone H3 at K4 on maltase-glucoamylase (Mgam), which is responsible for the digestion of starch in the small intestine, as well as Mgam expression were altered by feeding rats an indigestible starch (resistant starch, RS).	Starch	142-148	maltase-glucoamylase 2	Rattus norvegicus	71-91
22819554-3	2013	In this study, we examined whether methylations of histone H3 at K4 on maltase-glucoamylase (Mgam), which is responsible for the digestion of starch in the small intestine, as well as Mgam expression were altered by feeding rats an indigestible starch (resistant starch, RS).	Starch	142-148	maltase-glucoamylase 2	Rattus norvegicus	93-97
22819554-3	2013	In this study, we examined whether methylations of histone H3 at K4 on maltase-glucoamylase (Mgam), which is responsible for the digestion of starch in the small intestine, as well as Mgam expression were altered by feeding rats an indigestible starch (resistant starch, RS).	Starch	245-251	maltase-glucoamylase 2	Rattus norvegicus	184-188
22819554-3	2013	In this study, we examined whether methylations of histone H3 at K4 on maltase-glucoamylase (Mgam), which is responsible for the digestion of starch in the small intestine, as well as Mgam expression were altered by feeding rats an indigestible starch (resistant starch, RS).	Starch	245-251	maltase-glucoamylase 2	Rattus norvegicus	184-188
22819554-4	2013	The mRNA and protein levels and the activities of MGAM were reduced in rats fed an RS diet compared with those fed a regular starch diet.	Starch	125-131	maltase-glucoamylase 2	Rattus norvegicus	50-54
23341361-6	2013	The SlARF4 underexpressing lines accumulate more starch at early stages of fruit development and display enhanced chlorophyll content and photochemical efficiency, which is consistent with the idea that fruit photosynthetic activity accounts for the elevated starch levels.	Starch	49-55	auxin response factor 4	Solanum lycopersicum	4-10
23341361-6	2013	The SlARF4 underexpressing lines accumulate more starch at early stages of fruit development and display enhanced chlorophyll content and photochemical efficiency, which is consistent with the idea that fruit photosynthetic activity accounts for the elevated starch levels.	Starch	259-265	auxin response factor 4	Solanum lycopersicum	4-10
24967253-14	2013	In Tando Jam, significant increase was reported in the intake of high starch food items, vegetables, and fruits (P &lt;= 0.000).	Starch	70-76	F11 receptor	Homo sapiens	9-12
23341361-8	2013	The higher starch content in developing fruits of SlARF4 down-regulated lines correlates with the up-regulation of genes and enzyme activities involved in starch biosynthesis, suggesting their negative regulation by SlARF4.	Starch	11-17	auxin response factor 4	Solanum lycopersicum	50-56
23341361-8	2013	The higher starch content in developing fruits of SlARF4 down-regulated lines correlates with the up-regulation of genes and enzyme activities involved in starch biosynthesis, suggesting their negative regulation by SlARF4.	Starch	11-17	auxin response factor 4	Solanum lycopersicum	216-222
23341361-8	2013	The higher starch content in developing fruits of SlARF4 down-regulated lines correlates with the up-regulation of genes and enzyme activities involved in starch biosynthesis, suggesting their negative regulation by SlARF4.	Starch	155-161	auxin response factor 4	Solanum lycopersicum	50-56
23429841-4	2013	Induction of an early flowering and a tuberization in the SUT4-inhibited potato plants correlates with increased sucrose export from leaves and increased sucrose and starch accumulation in terminal sink organs, such as developing tubers.	Starch	166-172	sucrose transporter 4	Solanum tuberosum	58-62
23230103-16	2013	Milk fat yield tended to be less (P = 0.09) at the low N level than at the high N level and with high-starch than with high-fiber diets (P = 0.06).	Starch	102-108	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
23238590-7	2013	Dietary starch intake did not enhance the transcription of intestinal glucose transporters, SGLT1 and GLUT2; but it was associated with the higher expression of ApoA1 and PepT1 in the midgut.	Starch	8-14	pept1	Oncorhynchus mykiss	171-176
23292602-2	2013	In cereal endosperms, it is widely assumed that the stepwise reactions of SuSy, UDPglucose pyrophosphorylase and ADPglucose (ADPG) pyrophosphorylase (AGP) take place in the cytosol to convert sucrose into ADPG necessary for starch biosynthesis, although it has also been suggested that SuSy may participate in the direct conversion of sucrose into ADPG.	Starch	224-230	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	113-148
23399661-0	2013	Time-restricted feeding of rapidly digested starches causes stronger entrainment of the liver clock in PER2::LUCIFERASE knock-in mice.	Starch	44-52	period circadian clock 2	Mus musculus	103-107
23399661-5	2013	beta-Corn and beta-rice starch induced larger phase delays of the liver clock, larger blood glucose increases, and higher Per2 gene expression in the liver compared with beta-potato starch.	Starch	24-30	period circadian clock 2	Mus musculus	122-126
23292602-2	2013	In cereal endosperms, it is widely assumed that the stepwise reactions of SuSy, UDPglucose pyrophosphorylase and ADPglucose (ADPG) pyrophosphorylase (AGP) take place in the cytosol to convert sucrose into ADPG necessary for starch biosynthesis, although it has also been suggested that SuSy may participate in the direct conversion of sucrose into ADPG.	Starch	224-230	root cap periphery gene 2	Zea mays	150-153
23292602-3	2013	In this study, the levels of the major primary carbon metabolites, and the activities of starch metabolism-related enzymes were assessed in endosperms of transgenic maize plants ectopically expressing StSUS4, which encodes a potato SuSy isoform.	Starch	89-95	sucrose synthase	Solanum tuberosum	201-207
23292602-7	2013	Endosperms of developing StSUS4-expressing seeds exhibited a significant increase in SuSy activity, and in starch and ADPG contents when compared with WT endosperms.	Starch	107-113	sucrose synthase	Solanum tuberosum	25-31
23292602-9	2013	A suggested metabolic model is presented wherein both AGP and SuSy are involved in the production of ADPG linked to starch biosynthesis in maize endosperm cells.	Starch	116-122	root cap periphery gene 2	Zea mays	54-57
22941228-11	2013	Inhibition of the BMP signaling prevented the reduction in vascular density that was observed when starch was injected to increase shear stress levels.	Starch	99-105	bone morphogenetic protein 1	Homo sapiens	18-21
23144140-0	2013	Taking the starch out of oral biofilm formation: molecular basis and functional significance of salivary alpha-amylase binding to oral streptococci.	Starch	11-17	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	96-118
23457711-2	2013	Aspergillus niger alpha-glucosidase (ANG) is specific for short-chain substrates with the highest k(cat)/K(m) for maltotriose, while sugar beet alpha-glucosidase (SBG) prefers long-chain substrates and soluble starch.	Starch	210-216	alpha-glucosidase	Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris	18-35
23457711-2	2013	Aspergillus niger alpha-glucosidase (ANG) is specific for short-chain substrates with the highest k(cat)/K(m) for maltotriose, while sugar beet alpha-glucosidase (SBG) prefers long-chain substrates and soluble starch.	Starch	210-216	alpha-glucosidase	Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris	144-161
24189429-0	2013	Flow injection spectrophotometric analysis of human salivary alpha-amylase activity using an enzyme degradation of starch-iodine complexes in flow channel and its application to human stress testing.	Starch	115-121	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	52-74
24189429-1	2013	Flow injection spectrophotometric analysis (FIA) of human salivary alpha-amylase was developed using an enzyme degradation reaction of starch-iodine complexes.	Starch	135-141	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	58-80
23131646-0	2013	Enzymatic analyses demonstrate thermal adaptation of alpha-glucosidase activity in starch amended gully waste.	Starch	83-89	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	53-70
23131646-1	2013	In this study we investigated the effect of starch amendment on alpha-glucosidase activity in an organic waste environment, treated under both mesophilic and thermophilic conditions.	Starch	44-50	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	64-81
23131646-4	2013	The results of extra-cellular enzyme analysis showed a significant relationship between starch addition and alpha-glucosidase activity, with evidence of thermal adaptation to the in situ temperature.	Starch	88-94	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	108-125
22555335-0	2013	Dynamic evaluation and quantification of microvascularization during degradable starch microspheres transarterial Chemoembolisation (DSM-TACE) of HCC lesions using contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS): a feasibility study.	Starch	80-86	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17	Homo sapiens	137-141
22555335-1	2013	PURPOSE: To evaluate the time dependent changes of microcirculation in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lesions during degradable starch microsphere (DSM)-TACE using contrast enhanced ultrasound (CEUS).	Starch	128-134	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17	Homo sapiens	153-157
23314368-7	2013	From these results, ST2525 could be potentially useful for starch hydrolysis as well as novel synthesis of oligosaccharides in industry.	Starch	59-65	glycoside hydrolase family 31 protein	Sulfurisphaera tokodaii str. 7	20-26
24463528-7	2013	alpha-Amylase activity is higher on starch than on glycogen in all species.	Starch	36-42	Amylase proximal	Drosophila melanogaster	0-13
23136915-0	2012	Resistant starch and pullulan reduce postprandial glucose, insulin, and GLP-1, but have no effect on satiety in healthy humans.	Starch	10-16	insulin	Homo sapiens	59-66
23762590-2	2012	This study investigated low glycemic index starch (LGIS)/diacylglycerol (DAG) diet on plasma insulin and circulating incretin hormones during canine weight loss.	Starch	43-49	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	93-100
23136915-0	2012	Resistant starch and pullulan reduce postprandial glucose, insulin, and GLP-1, but have no effect on satiety in healthy humans.	Starch	10-16	glucagon	Homo sapiens	72-77
25969756-3	2012	Snail attractant containing bait formulations was prepared from different binary combination (1 : 1 ratio) of carbohydrates (glucose, starch 10 mM) and amino acid (methionine, histidine 10 mM) in 100 ml of 2% agar solution + sublethal (20% and 60% of 24 h and 96 h LC50) doses of different molluscicides (eugenol, ferulic acid, umbelliferone, and limonene).	Starch	134-140	snail family transcriptional repressor 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
22902860-0	2012	Degradation of the starch components amylopectin and amylose by barley alpha-amylase 1: role of surface binding site 2.	Starch	19-25	LOC548210	Hordeum vulgare	71-86
22569805-3	2012	Fish fed on a maize starch-based diet supplemented with 0.5 and 1.0 mg Cr/kg recorded the highest activities for hexokinase enzyme.	Starch	20-26	hexokinase 2	Zea mays	113-123
23365281-7	2012	These studies confirmed that slowly digestible starch is partially degraded in the distal small and large intestine and fermented into VFA including butyrate (10-fold increase in net portal appearance), which reduces insulin responses by 60% and whole body energy use.	Starch	47-53	insulin	Sus scrofa	217-224
23137569-4	2012	We then performed validation testing using a functional MGAM analysis that involved starch ingestion followed by measuring blood glucose and insulin levels as well as hydrogen breath levels.	Starch	84-90	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	56-60
23171412-8	2012	Using a chimeric RNAi hairpin we simultaneously suppressed all genes coding for starch branching enzymes (SBE I, SBE IIa, SBE IIb) in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), resulting in production of amylose-only starch granules in the endosperm.	Starch	80-86	sbeI	Hordeum vulgare	106-120
22621197-2	2012	Previous studies showed that natural Pain-1 cDNA alleles were associated with better chip quality and higher tuber starch content.	Starch	115-121	beta-fructosidase	Solanum tuberosum	37-43
23171412-8	2012	Using a chimeric RNAi hairpin we simultaneously suppressed all genes coding for starch branching enzymes (SBE I, SBE IIa, SBE IIb) in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), resulting in production of amylose-only starch granules in the endosperm.	Starch	203-209	sbeI	Hordeum vulgare	106-120
22988246-0	2012	Starch source influences dietary glucose generation at the mucosal alpha-glucosidase level.	Starch	0-6	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	67-84
23103656-0	2012	Direct starch digestion by sucrase-isomaltase and maltase-glucoamylase.	Starch	7-13	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	27-45
23103656-0	2012	Direct starch digestion by sucrase-isomaltase and maltase-glucoamylase.	Starch	7-13	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	50-70
23019330-5	2012	We show that the chloroplastic alpha-amylase 3 (AMY3) also participates in starch degradation and provide evidence that all three enzymes can act directly at the starch granule surface.	Starch	75-81	alpha-amylase-like 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	31-46
23019330-5	2012	We show that the chloroplastic alpha-amylase 3 (AMY3) also participates in starch degradation and provide evidence that all three enzymes can act directly at the starch granule surface.	Starch	75-81	alpha-amylase-like 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	48-52
23019330-5	2012	We show that the chloroplastic alpha-amylase 3 (AMY3) also participates in starch degradation and provide evidence that all three enzymes can act directly at the starch granule surface.	Starch	162-168	alpha-amylase-like 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	31-46
23019330-5	2012	We show that the chloroplastic alpha-amylase 3 (AMY3) also participates in starch degradation and provide evidence that all three enzymes can act directly at the starch granule surface.	Starch	162-168	alpha-amylase-like 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	48-52
23019330-6	2012	The isa3 mutant has a starch excess phenotype, reflecting impaired starch breakdown.	Starch	22-28	isoamylase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	4-8
23019330-6	2012	The isa3 mutant has a starch excess phenotype, reflecting impaired starch breakdown.	Starch	67-73	isoamylase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	4-8
23019330-8	2012	However, removal of AMY3 or LDA in addition to ISA3 enhances the starch excess phenotype.	Starch	65-71	alpha-amylase-like 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	20-24
23019330-8	2012	However, removal of AMY3 or LDA in addition to ISA3 enhances the starch excess phenotype.	Starch	65-71	isoamylase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	47-51
23442623-0	2012	Effect of acetylation, oxidation and annealing on physicochemical properties of bean starch.	Starch	85-91	brain expressed associated with NEDD4 1	Homo sapiens	80-84
22988246-4	2012	There are six digestive enzymes for starch: salivary and pancreatic alpha-amylases and four mucosal alpha-glucosidases, including N- and C-terminal subunits of both maltase-glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase.	Starch	36-42	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	190-208
22988246-8	2012	The alpha-LDx, which were derived from different maize cultivars, were not all equally digested, revealing that the starch source influences glucose generation at the mucosal alpha-glucosidase level.	Starch	116-122	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	175-192
22851177-1	2012	Starch digestion involves the breakdown by alpha-amylase to small linear and branched malto-oligosaccharides, which are in turn hydrolyzed to glucose by the mucosal alpha-glucosidases, maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM) and sucrase-isomaltase (SI).	Starch	0-6	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	43-56
24751076-0	2012	A phenomenological and thermodynamic study of the water permeation process in corn starch/MMT films.	Starch	83-89	methionine S-methyltransferase	Zea mays	90-93
24751076-2	2012	Moisture sorption isotherms of starch and starch/MMT films were obtained.	Starch	42-48	methionine S-methyltransferase	Zea mays	49-52
24751076-4	2012	Thermodynamic parameters showed that sorption process is less favourable when MMT is incorporated into the starch matrix.	Starch	107-113	methionine S-methyltransferase	Zea mays	78-81
22794919-1	2012	Rice endosperm starch is composed of 0-30% linear amylose, which is entirely synthesized by granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI: encoded by Waxy, Wx).	Starch	15-21	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Oryza sativa Japonica Group	125-130
22899048-2	2012	We have recently shown that the so-called "starch-less" Arabidopsis thaliana adg1-1 and aps1 mutants impaired in ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase do indeed accumulate low starch content in normal growth conditions, and relatively high starch content when plants were cultured in the presence of microbial volatiles.	Starch	43-49	ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	77-83
22899048-2	2012	We have recently shown that the so-called "starch-less" Arabidopsis thaliana adg1-1 and aps1 mutants impaired in ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase do indeed accumulate low starch content in normal growth conditions, and relatively high starch content when plants were cultured in the presence of microbial volatiles.	Starch	168-174	ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	77-83
22899048-2	2012	We have recently shown that the so-called "starch-less" Arabidopsis thaliana adg1-1 and aps1 mutants impaired in ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase do indeed accumulate low starch content in normal growth conditions, and relatively high starch content when plants were cultured in the presence of microbial volatiles.	Starch	168-174	ATP sulfurylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	88-92
22899048-2	2012	We have recently shown that the so-called "starch-less" Arabidopsis thaliana adg1-1 and aps1 mutants impaired in ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase do indeed accumulate low starch content in normal growth conditions, and relatively high starch content when plants were cultured in the presence of microbial volatiles.	Starch	168-174	ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	77-83
22899048-2	2012	We have recently shown that the so-called "starch-less" Arabidopsis thaliana adg1-1 and aps1 mutants impaired in ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase do indeed accumulate low starch content in normal growth conditions, and relatively high starch content when plants were cultured in the presence of microbial volatiles.	Starch	168-174	ATP sulfurylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	88-92
23025170-1	2012	In an attempt to improve properties of polycaprolcatone-starch blend, this study uses zein as coupling agent in preparing the blend through a single-step process.	Starch	56-62	zein	Zea mays	86-90
22898356-6	2012	From this network, we found that beta-amylase 3 (b-amy3: At4g17090), which participates in starch degradation in chloroplast, is the most frequently connected gene (a hub gene).	Starch	91-97	beta-amylase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	33-47
22898356-11	2012	Furthermore, the knockout of AtIDD5 and COL led to deformation of chloroplast and its contained starch granules.	Starch	96-102	indeterminate(ID)-domain 5	Arabidopsis thaliana	29-35
22898356-14	2012	With this inference method, the starch regulatory network of Arabidopsis was found to be strongly associated with clock genes and TFs, of which AtIDD5 and COL were evidenced to control SS4 gene expression and starch granule formation in chloroplasts.	Starch	32-38	indeterminate(ID)-domain 5	Arabidopsis thaliana	144-150
22898356-14	2012	With this inference method, the starch regulatory network of Arabidopsis was found to be strongly associated with clock genes and TFs, of which AtIDD5 and COL were evidenced to control SS4 gene expression and starch granule formation in chloroplasts.	Starch	32-38	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	185-188
22364273-3	2012	Other faecal glycosidase activities showed little or no change over a fivefold range of dietary NSP intake, although alpha-glucosidase increased on a resistant starch-enriched diet.	Starch	160-166	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	117-134
22738057-0	2012	Effects of cleavage by a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4 on gene expression and protein content of versican and aggrecan in the digital laminae of horses with starch gruel-induced laminitis.	Starch	190-196	versican core protein	Equus caballus	130-138
24031933-0	2012	Agro-industrial residues and starch for growth and co-production of polyhydroxyalkanoate copolymer and alpha-amylase by Bacillus sp.	Starch	29-35	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	103-116
22584580-6	2012	The starch-degrading activity of PPA and maltose-degrading activity of SI were enhanced to 240 and 175%, respectively, while Glc uptake by SGLT1 was markedly inhibited by PPA at high but physiologically possible concentrations, and the binding was attenuated by the addition of mannose-specific lectins, especially from Galanthus nivalis.	Starch	4-10	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Homo sapiens	139-144
22641429-1	2012	Salivary alpha-amylase is the most important enzyme for oral digestion of dietary starch.	Starch	82-88	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	0-22
22335781-4	2012	TFT6 overexpressing plants showed reduced starch synthase activity, reduced starch content but enhanced sucrose loading into phloem in the shoot under LP.	Starch	42-48	14-3-3 protein 6	Solanum lycopersicum	0-4
24061235-2	2012	alpha-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.20) is an essential enzyme that helps to digestion of carbohydrates such as starch and sugar.	Starch	104-110	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	0-17
22541298-1	2012	Inspired by beta-CD, a macrocyclic oligomers of D-(+)-glucopyranose and a renewable material, which could be obtained from starch, that can promote a lot of organic reactions in water, a green solvent, several amino alcohol-modified beta-CDs CD-1 to CD-7 were synthesized in the yields of 36-61%.	Starch	123-129	CD1c molecule	Homo sapiens	242-246
22580694-3	2012	TPS11 (TREHALOSE PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE11)-dependent trehalose metabolism was shown to curtail GPA infestation by promoting starch accumulation and expression of the PAD4 (PHYTOALEXIN-DEFICIENT4) gene, which has important roles in regulating antibiosis and antixenosis against GPA.	Starch	120-126	trehalose phosphatase/synthase 11	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-5
24031933-10	2012	This is the first report on simultaneous production of copolymer of bacterial PHA and alpha-amylase from unhydrolysed corn starch and agro-industrial residues as substrates.	Starch	123-129	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	86-99
22751213-1	2012	The maize (Zea mays) shrunken-2 (Sh2) gene encodes the large subunit of the rate-limiting starch biosynthetic enzyme, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase.	Starch	90-96	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	21-31
22751213-1	2012	The maize (Zea mays) shrunken-2 (Sh2) gene encodes the large subunit of the rate-limiting starch biosynthetic enzyme, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase.	Starch	90-96	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	33-36
22500903-0	2012	Repeated fermentation from raw starch using Saccharomyces cerevisiae displaying both glucoamylase and alpha-amylase.	Starch	31-37	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	102-115
22500903-1	2012	A diploid yeast strain displaying both alpha-amylase and glucoamylase was developed for repeated fermentation from raw starch.	Starch	119-125	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	39-52
22500903-4	2012	Using the glucoamylase and modified alpha-amylase co-displaying diploid strain, we repeated fermentation from 100g/l of raw starch for 23 cycles without the loss of alpha-amylase or glucoamylase activity.	Starch	124-130	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	36-49
21995547-4	2012	Double knock-out mutant of AtPreP1 and AtPreP2 results in a severe phenotype, including decreased size and growth rate, chlorosis and organellar abnormalities, such as altered chloroplast starch content, partial loss of the integrity of the inner mitochondrial membrane and reduced mitochondrial respiration.	Starch	188-194	presequence protease 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	27-34
22151247-0	2012	Knockdown of MYB305 disrupts nectary starch metabolism and floral nectar production.	Starch	37-43	uncharacterized protein LOC107775040	Nicotiana tabacum	13-16
21995547-4	2012	Double knock-out mutant of AtPreP1 and AtPreP2 results in a severe phenotype, including decreased size and growth rate, chlorosis and organellar abnormalities, such as altered chloroplast starch content, partial loss of the integrity of the inner mitochondrial membrane and reduced mitochondrial respiration.	Starch	188-194	presequence protease 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	39-46
22151247-5	2012	Because starch metabolism is intimately involved in nectar secretion and is strongly regulated during normal nectary development, we examined the accumulation of starch in the nectaries of the myb305 plants.	Starch	162-168	myb-related protein 305-like	Nicotiana tabacum	193-199
22151247-6	2012	The myb305 plants accumulated lower levels of starch in their nectaries than did wild-type plants.	Starch	46-52	myb-related protein 305-like	Nicotiana tabacum	4-10
22357745-0	2012	Resistant starch from high-amylose maize increases insulin sensitivity in overweight and obese men.	Starch	10-16	insulin	Homo sapiens	51-58
22151247-7	2012	The reduced starch correlated with the reduced expression of the ATP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (small subunit) gene in nectaries of the myb305 plants during the starch biosynthetic phase.	Starch	12-18	myb-related protein 305-like	Nicotiana tabacum	136-142
22151247-7	2012	The reduced starch correlated with the reduced expression of the ATP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (small subunit) gene in nectaries of the myb305 plants during the starch biosynthetic phase.	Starch	161-167	myb-related protein 305-like	Nicotiana tabacum	136-142
22151247-8	2012	Expression of genes encoding several starch-degrading enzymes including beta-amylase, isoamylase 3, and alpha-amylase was also reduced in the myb305 plants.	Starch	37-43	beta-amylase 1, chloroplastic-like	Nicotiana tabacum	72-84
22151247-8	2012	Expression of genes encoding several starch-degrading enzymes including beta-amylase, isoamylase 3, and alpha-amylase was also reduced in the myb305 plants.	Starch	37-43	myb-related protein 305-like	Nicotiana tabacum	142-148
22151247-9	2012	In addition to regulating nectarin and flavonoid metabolic gene expression, these results suggest that MYB305 may also function in the tobacco nectary maturation program by controlling the expression of starch metabolic genes.	Starch	203-209	myb-related protein 305-like	Nicotiana tabacum	103-109
22357745-1	2012	This study evaluated the effects of 2 levels of intake of high-amylose maize type 2 resistant starch (HAM-RS2) on insulin sensitivity (S(I)) in participants with waist circumference &gt;=89 (women) or &gt;=102 cm (men).	Starch	94-100	insulin	Homo sapiens	114-121
22098298-7	2012	Compared to control plants, the adg1/APS1(C81S)  lines had higher levels of ADP-glucose and maltose, and either increased rates of starch synthesis or a starch-excess phenotype, depending on the daylength.	Starch	131-137	ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	32-36
22098298-7	2012	Compared to control plants, the adg1/APS1(C81S)  lines had higher levels of ADP-glucose and maltose, and either increased rates of starch synthesis or a starch-excess phenotype, depending on the daylength.	Starch	153-159	ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	32-36
24826038-1	2012	Diabetes is a metabolic disorder where in human body does not produce or properly uses insulin, a hormone that is required to convert sugar, starches and other food into energy.	Starch	141-149	insulin	Homo sapiens	87-94
22365230-15	2012	Overall, dietary CNO depressed DMI and NDF digestibility of a high-starch diet compared with AFB.	Starch	67-73	biogenesis of lysosomal organelles complex 1 subunit 4	Bos taurus	17-20
22210900-1	2012	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) is a heterotetrameric enzyme comprising two small and two large subunits that catalyze the production of ADP-glucose linked to starch biosynthesis.	Starch	163-169	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-29
22184213-0	2012	Sucrose synthase activity in the sus1/sus2/sus3/sus4 Arabidopsis mutant is sufficient to support normal cellulose and starch production.	Starch	118-124	sucrose synthase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-16
22184213-0	2012	Sucrose synthase activity in the sus1/sus2/sus3/sus4 Arabidopsis mutant is sufficient to support normal cellulose and starch production.	Starch	118-124	sucrose synthase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	33-37
22184213-0	2012	Sucrose synthase activity in the sus1/sus2/sus3/sus4 Arabidopsis mutant is sufficient to support normal cellulose and starch production.	Starch	118-124	Pre-mRNA-processing-splicing factor	Arabidopsis thaliana	38-42
22184213-0	2012	Sucrose synthase activity in the sus1/sus2/sus3/sus4 Arabidopsis mutant is sufficient to support normal cellulose and starch production.	Starch	118-124	sucrose synthase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	43-47
22184213-0	2012	Sucrose synthase activity in the sus1/sus2/sus3/sus4 Arabidopsis mutant is sufficient to support normal cellulose and starch production.	Starch	118-124	sucrose synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	48-52
22184213-6	2012	By using favorable pH conditions for assaying SUS activity, in this work we show that SUS activity in the cleavage direction is sufficient to support normal rate of starch accumulation in WT leaves.	Starch	165-171	sucrose synthase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	46-49
22184213-6	2012	By using favorable pH conditions for assaying SUS activity, in this work we show that SUS activity in the cleavage direction is sufficient to support normal rate of starch accumulation in WT leaves.	Starch	165-171	sucrose synthase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	86-89
22184213-8	2012	Furthermore, we show that SUS activity in leaves and stems of the sus1/sus2/sus3/sus4 and sus5/sus6 plants is ~85% of that of WT leaves, which can support normal cellulose and starch biosynthesis.	Starch	176-182	sucrose synthase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	26-29
22184213-8	2012	Furthermore, we show that SUS activity in leaves and stems of the sus1/sus2/sus3/sus4 and sus5/sus6 plants is ~85% of that of WT leaves, which can support normal cellulose and starch biosynthesis.	Starch	176-182	sucrose synthase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	66-70
22184213-8	2012	Furthermore, we show that SUS activity in leaves and stems of the sus1/sus2/sus3/sus4 and sus5/sus6 plants is ~85% of that of WT leaves, which can support normal cellulose and starch biosynthesis.	Starch	176-182	Pre-mRNA-processing-splicing factor	Arabidopsis thaliana	71-75
22184213-8	2012	Furthermore, we show that SUS activity in leaves and stems of the sus1/sus2/sus3/sus4 and sus5/sus6 plants is ~85% of that of WT leaves, which can support normal cellulose and starch biosynthesis.	Starch	176-182	sucrose synthase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	76-80
22184213-8	2012	Furthermore, we show that SUS activity in leaves and stems of the sus1/sus2/sus3/sus4 and sus5/sus6 plants is ~85% of that of WT leaves, which can support normal cellulose and starch biosynthesis.	Starch	176-182	sucrose synthase 5	Arabidopsis thaliana	90-94
22184213-10	2012	(2009) claims, and are consistent with the possible involvement of SUS in cellulose and starch biosynthesis in Arabidopsis.	Starch	88-94	sucrose synthase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	67-70
22722730-3	2012	TF phenotypes were determined using starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	36-42	transferrin	Homo sapiens	0-2
22785487-1	2012	Plastidial phosphoglucomutase (PGM) plays an important role in starch synthesis and degradation.	Starch	63-69	phosphoglucomutase	Nicotiana tabacum	11-29
22785487-1	2012	Plastidial phosphoglucomutase (PGM) plays an important role in starch synthesis and degradation.	Starch	63-69	phosphoglucomutase	Nicotiana tabacum	31-34
21733328-1	2012	Foods that have a low glycaemic index or foods that contain slowly digestible starch are beneficial in controlling fluctuations in blood glucose and insulin levels.	Starch	78-84	insulin	Homo sapiens	149-156
21733328-3	2012	This study examined the effect of starch gelatinisation with or without casein on (1) gene expression and peptide secretion levels of the incretin hormones glucagon-like peptide 1 and glucose-independent insulinotropic polypeptide and (2) gene expression of the sodium-glucose cotransporter and GLUT-2 in intestinal cell culture systems.	Starch	34-40	glucagon	Homo sapiens	156-179
21733328-7	2012	Some subtle cellular response differences were observed following exposure to starch gelatinised with alpha- compared to beta-casein.	Starch	78-84	casein beta	Homo sapiens	121-132
22960293-0	2012	Degradable starch microspheres transarterial chemoembolisation (DSM-TACE) of HCC: Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography (DCE-US) based evaluation of therapeutic efficacy using a novel perfusion software.	Starch	11-17	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17	Homo sapiens	68-72
22960293-1	2012	PURPOSE: To evaluate therapeutic efficacy of degradable starch microsphere (DSM)-TACE in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography (DCE-US) based perfusion analysis.	Starch	56-62	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17	Homo sapiens	81-85
23198137-2	2012	The modeling and simulation of starch hydrolysis using immobilized alpha-amylase were used as a model for this study.	Starch	31-37	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	67-80
22509144-10	2012	There was also a significant (p &lt; 0.05) difference at T30 in GIP levels in response to the control compared to starch gelatinised with alpha- or beta-casein.	Starch	114-120	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	64-67
22210900-9	2012	Furthermore, the pattern of starch accumulation during illumination in leaves of APS1mut-expressing aps1 mutants was similar to that of APS1-expressing aps1 mutants at any light intensity.	Starch	28-34	ATP sulfurylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	81-88
22210900-9	2012	Furthermore, the pattern of starch accumulation during illumination in leaves of APS1mut-expressing aps1 mutants was similar to that of APS1-expressing aps1 mutants at any light intensity.	Starch	28-34	ATP sulfurylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	100-104
22210900-9	2012	Furthermore, the pattern of starch accumulation during illumination in leaves of APS1mut-expressing aps1 mutants was similar to that of APS1-expressing aps1 mutants at any light intensity.	Starch	28-34	ATP sulfurylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	81-85
22307851-5	2012	Mutant plants were also highly sensitive to long days and accumulated, like TOR RNA interference lines, higher amounts of starch and amino acids, including proline and glutamine, while showing reduced concentrations of inositol and raffinose.	Starch	122-128	target of rapamycin	Arabidopsis thaliana	76-79
22210900-1	2012	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) is a heterotetrameric enzyme comprising two small and two large subunits that catalyze the production of ADP-glucose linked to starch biosynthesis.	Starch	163-169	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	31-34
22210900-2	2012	The current paradigm on leaf starch metabolism assumes that post-translational redox modification of AGP in response to light is a major determinant of fine regulation of transitory starch accumulation.	Starch	29-35	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	101-104
22210900-2	2012	The current paradigm on leaf starch metabolism assumes that post-translational redox modification of AGP in response to light is a major determinant of fine regulation of transitory starch accumulation.	Starch	182-188	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	101-104
22037181-5	2011	When sta6 mutant cells, blocked in starch biosynthesis, are N starved, they produce beta-cyto-LBs and also chloroplast LBs (cpst-LBs) that are at least 10 times larger than plastoglobules and eventually engorge the chloroplast stroma.	Starch	35-41	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	5-9
22100869-1	2012	This study was carried out to develop a new type of modified starch based on alpha-amylase and glucoamylase.	Starch	61-67	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	77-90
22516953-1	2012	BACKGROUND/AIMS: Type 2 resistant starch from high-amylose maize (HAM-RS2) is associated with increased fermentation, increased expression of proglucagon (gene for GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) genes in the large intestine, and improved health.	Starch	34-40	LOC542565	Zea mays	164-169
22516953-1	2012	BACKGROUND/AIMS: Type 2 resistant starch from high-amylose maize (HAM-RS2) is associated with increased fermentation, increased expression of proglucagon (gene for GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY) genes in the large intestine, and improved health.	Starch	34-40	peptide YY	Rattus norvegicus	187-190
22965187-1	2012	The salivary alpha-amylase is a calcium-binding enzyme that initiates starch digestion in the oral cavity.	Starch	70-76	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	4-26
22965187-5	2012	It has been shown that the average copy number of AMY1 gene is higher in populations that evolved under high-starch diets versus low-starch diets, reflecting an intense positive selection imposed by diet on amylase copy number during evolution.	Starch	109-115	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	50-54
22965187-5	2012	It has been shown that the average copy number of AMY1 gene is higher in populations that evolved under high-starch diets versus low-starch diets, reflecting an intense positive selection imposed by diet on amylase copy number during evolution.	Starch	133-139	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	50-54
22965187-6	2012	In this context, a number of different aspects can be considered in evaluating the possible impact of copy number variation of the AMY1 gene on nutrition research, such as issues related to human diet gene evolution, action on starch digestion, effect on glycemic response after starch consumption, modulation of the action of alpha-amylases inhibitors, effect on taste perception and satiety, influence on psychosocial stress and relation to oral health.	Starch	227-233	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	131-135
22965187-6	2012	In this context, a number of different aspects can be considered in evaluating the possible impact of copy number variation of the AMY1 gene on nutrition research, such as issues related to human diet gene evolution, action on starch digestion, effect on glycemic response after starch consumption, modulation of the action of alpha-amylases inhibitors, effect on taste perception and satiety, influence on psychosocial stress and relation to oral health.	Starch	279-285	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	131-135
21916894-8	2012	At the end of light period, the T-DNA mutant had high starch and low sucrose contents in leaves, while the 35S:AtLrgB plants had low starch and high sucrose contents.	Starch	133-139	membrane protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	111-117
22815837-1	2012	Previous work has shown increased insulin sensitivity, increased hepatic insulin clearance and lower postprandial insulin responses following treatment with resistant starch, a type of dietary fibre.	Starch	167-173	insulin	Homo sapiens	34-41
22815837-1	2012	Previous work has shown increased insulin sensitivity, increased hepatic insulin clearance and lower postprandial insulin responses following treatment with resistant starch, a type of dietary fibre.	Starch	167-173	insulin	Homo sapiens	73-80
22815837-2	2012	The objective of this study was to further explore the effects of resistant starch on insulin secretion.	Starch	76-82	insulin	Homo sapiens	86-93
22815837-6	2012	Insulin and C-peptide concentrations were significantly higher during the FSIVGTT following the resistant starch compared with the placebo.	Starch	106-112	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
22815837-7	2012	Modelling of the data showed significantly improved first-phase insulin secretion with resistant starch.	Starch	97-103	insulin	Homo sapiens	64-71
22815837-9	2012	This study showed that just four weeks of resistant starch intake significantly increased the first-phase insulin secretion in individuals at risk of developing type 2 diabetes.	Starch	52-58	insulin	Homo sapiens	106-113
22563462-0	2012	Unexpected high digestion rate of cooked starch by the Ct-maltase-glucoamylase small intestine mucosal alpha-glucosidase subunit.	Starch	41-47	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	58-78
22563462-0	2012	Unexpected high digestion rate of cooked starch by the Ct-maltase-glucoamylase small intestine mucosal alpha-glucosidase subunit.	Starch	41-47	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	103-120
22563462-3	2012	Gelatinized normal maize starch was digested with N- and C-terminal subunits of recombinant mammalian maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM) and sucrase-isomaltase (SI) of varying amounts and digestion periods.	Starch	25-31	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	124-128
22036121-1	2011	In humans, both the N-terminal catalytic domain (NtMGAM) and the C-terminal catalytic domain (CtMGAM) of small intestinal maltase glucoamylase (MGAM) are alpha-glycosidases that catalyze the hydrolysis of alpha-(1 4) glycosidic linkages in the process of starch digestion, and are considered to be the main therapeutic targets for type 2 diabetes.	Starch	255-261	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	122-142
22036121-1	2011	In humans, both the N-terminal catalytic domain (NtMGAM) and the C-terminal catalytic domain (CtMGAM) of small intestinal maltase glucoamylase (MGAM) are alpha-glycosidases that catalyze the hydrolysis of alpha-(1 4) glycosidic linkages in the process of starch digestion, and are considered to be the main therapeutic targets for type 2 diabetes.	Starch	255-261	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	51-55
21645200-0	2011	Enhancing the expression of starch synthase class IV results in increased levels of both transitory and long-term storage starch.	Starch	28-34	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	35-52
21645200-4	2011	In this work, we show that the overexpression of starch synthase class IV (SSIV) increases the levels of starch accumulated in the leaves of Arabidopsis by 30%-40%.	Starch	49-55	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	56-73
21645200-4	2011	In this work, we show that the overexpression of starch synthase class IV (SSIV) increases the levels of starch accumulated in the leaves of Arabidopsis by 30%-40%.	Starch	49-55	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	75-79
21645200-6	2011	The increase in starch content as a consequence of enhanced SSIV expression is also observed in long-term storage starch organs such as potato tubers.	Starch	16-22	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	60-64
21645200-6	2011	The increase in starch content as a consequence of enhanced SSIV expression is also observed in long-term storage starch organs such as potato tubers.	Starch	114-120	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	60-64
21645200-7	2011	Overexpression of SSIV in potato leads to increased tuber starch content on a dry weight basis and to increased yield of starch production in terms of tons of starch/hectare.	Starch	58-64	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	18-22
21645200-7	2011	Overexpression of SSIV in potato leads to increased tuber starch content on a dry weight basis and to increased yield of starch production in terms of tons of starch/hectare.	Starch	121-127	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	18-22
21645200-7	2011	Overexpression of SSIV in potato leads to increased tuber starch content on a dry weight basis and to increased yield of starch production in terms of tons of starch/hectare.	Starch	121-127	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	18-22
21645200-8	2011	These results identify SSIV as one of the regulatory steps involved in the control of the amount of starch accumulated in plastids.	Starch	100-106	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	23-27
22506410-3	2011	PEPC is also involved in the regulation of storage product synthesis and metabolism in seeds, such as affecting the metabolic fluxes from sugars/starch towards the synthesis of fatty acids or amino acids and proteins.	Starch	145-151	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
21924903-1	2011	Human maltase glucoamylase (MGAM) and sucrase isomaltase (SI) are two human intestinal glucosidases responsible for the final step of starch hydrolysis.	Starch	134-140	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	6-26
21924903-1	2011	Human maltase glucoamylase (MGAM) and sucrase isomaltase (SI) are two human intestinal glucosidases responsible for the final step of starch hydrolysis.	Starch	134-140	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	28-32
21924903-1	2011	Human maltase glucoamylase (MGAM) and sucrase isomaltase (SI) are two human intestinal glucosidases responsible for the final step of starch hydrolysis.	Starch	134-140	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	38-56
21924903-1	2011	Human maltase glucoamylase (MGAM) and sucrase isomaltase (SI) are two human intestinal glucosidases responsible for the final step of starch hydrolysis.	Starch	134-140	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	58-60
21638778-2	2011	Dietary resistant starch (RS) has a favorable impact on gut hormone profiles, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) consistently released, a potent anti-diabetic incretin.	Starch	18-24	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	88-111
21978209-6	2011	Using soluble starch as the substrate, the Km and Vmax of alkaline alpha-amylase were 9.64 g/L and 0.80 g/(L min), respectively.	Starch	14-20	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Glycine max	67-80
22005401-0	2011	The effect of dietary starch level on postprandial glucose and insulin concentrations in cats and dogs.	Starch	22-28	insulin	Felis catus	63-70
21665323-0	2011	Mutation of the transcription factor LEAFY COTYLEDON 2 alters the chemical composition of Arabidopsis seeds, decreasing oil and protein content, while maintaining high levels of starch and sucrose in mature seeds.	Starch	178-184	AP2/B3-like transcriptional factor family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	37-54
21665323-3	2011	In comparison to wild type controls, lec2 seeds had 15% less protein and 30% less oil, but accumulated 140% more sucrose and &gt;5-fold more starch.	Starch	141-147	AP2/B3-like transcriptional factor family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	37-41
21665323-11	2011	We conclude that the LEC2 transcription factor not only controls cotyledon identity and morphology as previously reported, but also alters: (1) the delivery of photosynthates from the seed coat to the embryo (sink strength), (2) carbon partitioning towards different storage compounds (oil, proteins and carbohydrates), (3) the rate of starch synthesis and degradation in developing seeds and (4) germination capacity of dry seeds.	Starch	336-342	AP2/B3-like transcriptional factor family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	21-25
22100529-4	2011	In Arabidopsis thaliana, the removal of phosphate by the glucan phosphatase Starch Excess4 (SEX4) is essential for starch breakdown.	Starch	115-121	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	92-96
22100529-5	2011	We identified a homolog of SEX4, LSF2 (Like Sex Four2), as a novel enzyme involved in starch metabolism in Arabidopsis chloroplasts.	Starch	86-92	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	27-31
22100529-5	2011	We identified a homolog of SEX4, LSF2 (Like Sex Four2), as a novel enzyme involved in starch metabolism in Arabidopsis chloroplasts.	Starch	86-92	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	33-37
22100529-10	2011	However, compared with sex4 single mutants, the lsf2 sex4 double mutants have a more severe starch-excess phenotype, impaired growth, and a further change in the proportion of C3- and C6-bound phosphate.	Starch	92-98	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	48-52
22100529-10	2011	However, compared with sex4 single mutants, the lsf2 sex4 double mutants have a more severe starch-excess phenotype, impaired growth, and a further change in the proportion of C3- and C6-bound phosphate.	Starch	92-98	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	53-57
21638778-2	2011	Dietary resistant starch (RS) has a favorable impact on gut hormone profiles, including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) consistently released, a potent anti-diabetic incretin.	Starch	18-24	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	113-118
21649509-3	2011	The increase of starch content in illuminated leaves of FV-treated hy1/cry1, hy1/cry2, and hy1/cry1/cry2 Arabidopsis mutants was many-fold lower than that of wild-type (WT) leaves, indicating that MIVOISAP is subjected to photoreceptor-mediated control.	Starch	16-22	Plant heme oxygenase (decyclizing) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	67-70
21649509-3	2011	The increase of starch content in illuminated leaves of FV-treated hy1/cry1, hy1/cry2, and hy1/cry1/cry2 Arabidopsis mutants was many-fold lower than that of wild-type (WT) leaves, indicating that MIVOISAP is subjected to photoreceptor-mediated control.	Starch	16-22	cryptochrome 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	71-75
21649509-3	2011	The increase of starch content in illuminated leaves of FV-treated hy1/cry1, hy1/cry2, and hy1/cry1/cry2 Arabidopsis mutants was many-fold lower than that of wild-type (WT) leaves, indicating that MIVOISAP is subjected to photoreceptor-mediated control.	Starch	16-22	Plant heme oxygenase (decyclizing) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	77-80
21649509-3	2011	The increase of starch content in illuminated leaves of FV-treated hy1/cry1, hy1/cry2, and hy1/cry1/cry2 Arabidopsis mutants was many-fold lower than that of wild-type (WT) leaves, indicating that MIVOISAP is subjected to photoreceptor-mediated control.	Starch	16-22	cryptochrome 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	81-85
21649509-3	2011	The increase of starch content in illuminated leaves of FV-treated hy1/cry1, hy1/cry2, and hy1/cry1/cry2 Arabidopsis mutants was many-fold lower than that of wild-type (WT) leaves, indicating that MIVOISAP is subjected to photoreceptor-mediated control.	Starch	16-22	Plant heme oxygenase (decyclizing) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	77-80
21649509-3	2011	The increase of starch content in illuminated leaves of FV-treated hy1/cry1, hy1/cry2, and hy1/cry1/cry2 Arabidopsis mutants was many-fold lower than that of wild-type (WT) leaves, indicating that MIVOISAP is subjected to photoreceptor-mediated control.	Starch	16-22	cryptochrome 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	95-99
21649509-3	2011	The increase of starch content in illuminated leaves of FV-treated hy1/cry1, hy1/cry2, and hy1/cry1/cry2 Arabidopsis mutants was many-fold lower than that of wild-type (WT) leaves, indicating that MIVOISAP is subjected to photoreceptor-mediated control.	Starch	16-22	cryptochrome 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	100-104
22003502-4	2011	Furthermore, we reduced the expression of APS1 encoding a major catalytic isoform of the small subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase involved in starch biosynthesis using an RNAi approach.	Starch	148-154	ATP sulfurylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	42-46
21631532-3	2011	Given that the enzyme DSP4 is necessary for diurnal starch degradation in Arabidopsis leaves, this study was designed to address the role of DSP4 in this seasonal process in Castanea sativa Mill.	Starch	52-58	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	22-26
21631532-8	2011	The studies indicate a potential role for DSP4 in starch degradation and cold acclimation following low temperature exposure during activity-dormancy transition.	Starch	50-56	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	42-46
22003502-5	2011	The resulting AGPRNAi-WRI1 lines accumulated less starch and more hexoses.	Starch	50-56	Integrase-type DNA-binding superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	22-26
21546247-1	2011	A mutant plant (Arabidopsis thaliana), sex1-1 (starch excess 1-1), accumulating high starch content in leaves was created to serve as better biomass feedstock for a H2-producing strain Clostridium butyricum CGS2, which efficiently utilizes starch for H2 production but cannot assimilate cellulosic materials.	Starch	47-53	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	39-45
21640984-1	2011	Starch is the major carbon reserve in plant storage organs, the synthesis of which is orchestrated by four major enzymes, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, starch synthase, starch-branching enzyme and starch-debranching enzyme.	Starch	0-6	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	122-151
21546247-1	2011	A mutant plant (Arabidopsis thaliana), sex1-1 (starch excess 1-1), accumulating high starch content in leaves was created to serve as better biomass feedstock for a H2-producing strain Clostridium butyricum CGS2, which efficiently utilizes starch for H2 production but cannot assimilate cellulosic materials.	Starch	85-91	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	39-45
24031762-2	2011	The results showed that using soybean meal as a nitrogen source, alpha-amylase secreted from C. versicolor expressed 407.25U/g of activity, leading to 45.15% of starch degraded.	Starch	161-167	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Glycine max	65-78
21546247-1	2011	A mutant plant (Arabidopsis thaliana), sex1-1 (starch excess 1-1), accumulating high starch content in leaves was created to serve as better biomass feedstock for a H2-producing strain Clostridium butyricum CGS2, which efficiently utilizes starch for H2 production but cannot assimilate cellulosic materials.	Starch	85-91	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	39-45
21724326-0	2011	A novel starch-based adsorbent for removing toxic Hg(II) and Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution.	Starch	8-14	submaxillary gland androgen regulated protein 3B	Homo sapiens	61-67
21332506-10	2011	Central clock functions that depend on CCA1/LHY are required to set an appropriate rate of starch degradation and maintain a supply of carbon to support growth through to dawn, whereas ELF3 acts to decrease growth in the light period and promote growth in the night.	Starch	91-97	circadian clock associated 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	39-43
21345514-10	2011	These mutants offer some advantages over the available loss-of-function mutants, e.g. adg1, for investigating the effects of subtle changes in the enzyme"s activity on the rate of starch synthesis.	Starch	180-186	ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	86-90
21828290-6	2011	The ukl2 mutant shows reduced transient leaf starch during the day.	Starch	45-51	uridine kinase-like 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	4-8
21828290-7	2011	External application of orotate rescued this phenotype in ukl2, indicating pyrimidine pools are limiting for starch synthesis in ukl2.	Starch	109-115	uridine kinase-like 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	58-62
21828290-7	2011	External application of orotate rescued this phenotype in ukl2, indicating pyrimidine pools are limiting for starch synthesis in ukl2.	Starch	109-115	uridine kinase-like 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	129-133
21278117-4	2011	Starch degradation leads to the release of glucose, which is absorbed by an active absorption process that triggers the release of insulin from the pancreas, whereas the fermentation of NSP to short-chain fatty acids (SCFA; i.e., acetate, propionate, and butyrate) occurs at a slower and more constant rate and with SCFA being absorbed by passive diffusion.	Starch	0-6	insulin	Sus scrofa	131-138
21562241-0	2011	Soluble fibers and resistant starch ameliorate disease activity in interleukin-10-deficient mice with inflammatory bowel disease.	Starch	29-35	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	67-81
21426427-8	2011	TPS11 also promotes the re-allocation of carbon into starch at the expense of sucrose, the primary plant-derived carbon and energy source for the insect.	Starch	53-59	trehalose phosphatase/synthase 11	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-5
21426427-9	2011	Our results provide a framework for the signaling function of TPS11-dependent trehalose in plant stress responses, and also reveal an important contribution of starch in controlling the severity of aphid infestation.	Starch	160-166	trehalose phosphatase/synthase 11	Arabidopsis thaliana	62-67
21591784-7	2011	alpha- and beta-amylase activities were found in both forms, soluble in the pulp and associated with the starch granule.	Starch	105-111	beta-amylase	Musa acuminata	0-23
21553821-2	2011	One of the adapted protocols for determining the chain-length distribution and mass proportion of starch molecules is that starch is debranched with isoamylase and then analyzed by using high-performance size-exclusion chromatography coupled with multiangle laser-light scattering and refractive index detection (HPSEC-MALS-RI).	Starch	123-129	natural cytotoxicity triggering receptor 3	Homo sapiens	319-323
21508184-4	2011	Both seedling and mature sbe2a mutant leaves do not properly degrade starch during the night, resulting in hyperaccumulation.	Starch	69-75	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic-like	Zea mays	25-30
21508184-5	2011	In mature sbe2a leaves, starch hyperaccumulation is greatest in visibly senescing regions but also observed in green tissue and is correlated to a drastic reduction in photosynthesis within the leaf.	Starch	24-30	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic-like	Zea mays	10-15
21508184-6	2011	Starch granules from sbe2a leaves observed via scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses are larger, irregular, and amorphous as compared with the highly regular, discoid starch granules observed in wild-type leaves.	Starch	0-6	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic-like	Zea mays	21-26
21508184-6	2011	Starch granules from sbe2a leaves observed via scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analyses are larger, irregular, and amorphous as compared with the highly regular, discoid starch granules observed in wild-type leaves.	Starch	204-210	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic-like	Zea mays	21-26
21624979-5	2011	Despite the reduced levels in the double mutants, lines containing only SS2 and SS4, or SS3 and SS4, are able to produce substantial amounts of starch granules.	Starch	144-150	starch synthase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	72-75
21624979-5	2011	Despite the reduced levels in the double mutants, lines containing only SS2 and SS4, or SS3 and SS4, are able to produce substantial amounts of starch granules.	Starch	144-150	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	80-83
21624979-5	2011	Despite the reduced levels in the double mutants, lines containing only SS2 and SS4, or SS3 and SS4, are able to produce substantial amounts of starch granules.	Starch	144-150	strictosidine synthase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	88-91
21624979-5	2011	Despite the reduced levels in the double mutants, lines containing only SS2 and SS4, or SS3 and SS4, are able to produce substantial amounts of starch granules.	Starch	144-150	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	96-99
21624979-9	2011	Compensatory functions that, in some instances, allow continued residual starch production in the absence of specific SS classes were identified, probaby accomplished by the granule bound starch synthase GBSS1.	Starch	73-79	UDP-Glycosyltransferase superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	204-209
21683882-6	2011	Starch hydrolysis was correlated with maltose accumulation and increased expression of BAM3, which encodes a beta-amylase necessary for starch mobilization.	Starch	0-6	Leucine-rich receptor-like protein kinase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	87-91
21683882-6	2011	Starch hydrolysis was correlated with maltose accumulation and increased expression of BAM3, which encodes a beta-amylase necessary for starch mobilization.	Starch	136-142	Leucine-rich receptor-like protein kinase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	87-91
21338535-0	2011	Dietary supplementation with hydroxypropyl-distarch phosphate from waxy maize starch increases resting energy expenditure by lowering the postprandial glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide response in human subjects.	Starch	45-51	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Homo sapiens	151-195
21278117-8	2011	Third and finally, the type of starch (i.e., types A, B, and C) and soluble NSP will influence the release of insulin, the hormone that facilitates nutrient uptake by tissues, organs, and cells, and thus plays a critically essential role in protein synthesis and muscle growth, as well as lipid synthesis and adipose tissue growth.	Starch	31-37	insulin	Sus scrofa	110-117
21624897-0	2011	Arabidopsis thaliana mutants lacking ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase accumulate starch and wild-type ADP-glucose content: further evidence for the occurrence of important sources, other than ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, of ADP-glucose linked to leaf starch biosynthesis.	Starch	78-84	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	37-66
21624897-0	2011	Arabidopsis thaliana mutants lacking ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase accumulate starch and wild-type ADP-glucose content: further evidence for the occurrence of important sources, other than ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, of ADP-glucose linked to leaf starch biosynthesis.	Starch	250-256	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	37-66
21624897-4	2011	In Arabidopsis, evidence showing that starch biosynthesis occurs solely by the AGP pathway has been obtained with the starchless adg1-1 and aps1 AGP mutants.	Starch	38-44	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	79-82
21624897-4	2011	In Arabidopsis, evidence showing that starch biosynthesis occurs solely by the AGP pathway has been obtained with the starchless adg1-1 and aps1 AGP mutants.	Starch	38-44	ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	129-135
21624897-4	2011	In Arabidopsis, evidence showing that starch biosynthesis occurs solely by the AGP pathway has been obtained with the starchless adg1-1 and aps1 AGP mutants.	Starch	38-44	ATP sulfurylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	140-144
21624897-4	2011	In Arabidopsis, evidence showing that starch biosynthesis occurs solely by the AGP pathway has been obtained with the starchless adg1-1 and aps1 AGP mutants.	Starch	38-44	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	145-148
21624897-8	2011	Introduction of the sex1 mutation affecting starch breakdown into adg1-1 and aps1 increased the starch content to 8-10% of the WT starch.	Starch	44-50	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	20-24
21624897-8	2011	Introduction of the sex1 mutation affecting starch breakdown into adg1-1 and aps1 increased the starch content to 8-10% of the WT starch.	Starch	44-50	ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	66-72
21624897-8	2011	Introduction of the sex1 mutation affecting starch breakdown into adg1-1 and aps1 increased the starch content to 8-10% of the WT starch.	Starch	96-102	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	20-24
21624897-8	2011	Introduction of the sex1 mutation affecting starch breakdown into adg1-1 and aps1 increased the starch content to 8-10% of the WT starch.	Starch	96-102	ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	66-72
21624897-8	2011	Introduction of the sex1 mutation affecting starch breakdown into adg1-1 and aps1 increased the starch content to 8-10% of the WT starch.	Starch	96-102	ATP sulfurylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	77-81
21624897-8	2011	Introduction of the sex1 mutation affecting starch breakdown into adg1-1 and aps1 increased the starch content to 8-10% of the WT starch.	Starch	96-102	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	20-24
21624897-8	2011	Introduction of the sex1 mutation affecting starch breakdown into adg1-1 and aps1 increased the starch content to 8-10% of the WT starch.	Starch	96-102	ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	66-72
21624897-8	2011	Introduction of the sex1 mutation affecting starch breakdown into adg1-1 and aps1 increased the starch content to 8-10% of the WT starch.	Starch	96-102	ATP sulfurylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	77-81
21624897-9	2011	Furthermore, aps1 leaves exposed to microbial volatiles for 10 h accumulated approximately 60% of the WT starch.	Starch	105-111	ATP sulfurylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	13-17
21624897-10	2011	aps1 plants expressing the bacterial ADP-glucose hydrolase EcASPP in the plastid accumulated normal ADP-glucose and reduced starch when compared with aps1 plants, whereas aps1 plants expressing EcASPP in the cytosol showed reduced ADP-glucose and starch.	Starch	124-130	ATP sulfurylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-4
21624897-10	2011	aps1 plants expressing the bacterial ADP-glucose hydrolase EcASPP in the plastid accumulated normal ADP-glucose and reduced starch when compared with aps1 plants, whereas aps1 plants expressing EcASPP in the cytosol showed reduced ADP-glucose and starch.	Starch	247-253	ATP sulfurylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-4
21624897-11	2011	Moreover, aps1 plants expressing bacterial AGP in the plastid accumulated WT starch and ADP-glucose.	Starch	77-83	ATP sulfurylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	10-14
21624897-11	2011	Moreover, aps1 plants expressing bacterial AGP in the plastid accumulated WT starch and ADP-glucose.	Starch	77-83	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	43-46
21624897-12	2011	The overall data show that (i) there occur important source(s), other than AGP, of ADP-glucose linked to starch biosynthesis, and (ii) AGP is a major determinant of starch accumulation but not of intracellular ADP-glucose content in Arabidopsis.	Starch	165-171	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	135-138
21691153-3	2011	High temporal and spatial resolution video imaging was performed to quantify the growth kinetics of Arabidopsis wild-type as well as pgm, sex1, mex1, dpe1 and dpe2 starch metabolism mutants grown in three different photoperiods.	Starch	164-170	disproportionating enzyme 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	159-163
21508184-8	2011	Together, these results indicate that SBEIIa is required for the proper diurnal cycling of transitory starch within the leaf and suggest that SBEIIa is necessary in producing an amylopectin structure amenable to degradation by starch metabolism enzymes.	Starch	102-108	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic-like	Zea mays	38-44
21508184-8	2011	Together, these results indicate that SBEIIa is required for the proper diurnal cycling of transitory starch within the leaf and suggest that SBEIIa is necessary in producing an amylopectin structure amenable to degradation by starch metabolism enzymes.	Starch	227-233	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic-like	Zea mays	38-44
21508184-8	2011	Together, these results indicate that SBEIIa is required for the proper diurnal cycling of transitory starch within the leaf and suggest that SBEIIa is necessary in producing an amylopectin structure amenable to degradation by starch metabolism enzymes.	Starch	227-233	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic-like	Zea mays	142-148
21332506-10	2011	Central clock functions that depend on CCA1/LHY are required to set an appropriate rate of starch degradation and maintain a supply of carbon to support growth through to dawn, whereas ELF3 acts to decrease growth in the light period and promote growth in the night.	Starch	91-97	Homeodomain-like superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	44-47
21511915-5	2011	In contrast to chloroplasts, metabolism in non-green plastids (amyloplasts) of starch-storing tissues strongly depends on both the import of ATP mediated by the plastidic nucleotide transporter NTT and of carbon (glucose 6-phosphate, Glc6P) mediated by the plastidic Glc6P/phosphate translocator (GPT).	Starch	79-85	glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate translocator 2, chloroplastic	Solanum tuberosum	267-295
21295411-3	2011	sAA is a digestive enzyme that breaks down starch, which provides a simple means of quantification by measuring its enzymatic activity.	Starch	43-49	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	0-3
21511915-5	2011	In contrast to chloroplasts, metabolism in non-green plastids (amyloplasts) of starch-storing tissues strongly depends on both the import of ATP mediated by the plastidic nucleotide transporter NTT and of carbon (glucose 6-phosphate, Glc6P) mediated by the plastidic Glc6P/phosphate translocator (GPT).	Starch	79-85	glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate translocator 2, chloroplastic	Solanum tuberosum	297-300
21111049-1	2011	Human pancreatic alpha-amylase (HPA) catalyzes the hydrolysis of alpha-d-(1,4) glycosidic linkages in starch and is one of the major therapeutic targets for type II diabetes.	Starch	102-108	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	6-30
21175634-0	2011	Role of the plastidic glucose translocator in the export of starch degradation products from the chloroplasts in Arabidopsis thaliana.	Starch	60-66	plastidic GLC translocator	Arabidopsis thaliana	12-42
21175634-1	2011	In higher plants, the plastidic glucose translocator (pGlcT) is assumed to play a role in the export of starch degradation products, but this has not yet been studied in detail.	Starch	104-110	plastidic GLC translocator	Arabidopsis thaliana	22-52
21175634-1	2011	In higher plants, the plastidic glucose translocator (pGlcT) is assumed to play a role in the export of starch degradation products, but this has not yet been studied in detail.	Starch	104-110	plastidic GLC translocator	Arabidopsis thaliana	54-59
21175634-5	2011	In parallel, the most severe reductions in sucrose content and starch turnover were observed in the pglct-1/mex1 mutant.	Starch	63-69	plastidic GLC translocator	Arabidopsis thaliana	100-105
21175634-5	2011	In parallel, the most severe reductions in sucrose content and starch turnover were observed in the pglct-1/mex1 mutant.	Starch	63-69	root cap 1 (RCP1)	Arabidopsis thaliana	108-112
21175634-7	2011	These findings suggest that pGlcT, together with MEX1, contributes significantly to the export of starch degradation products from chloroplasts in A. thaliana leaves, and that this starch-mediated pathway for photoassimilate export via pGlcT and MEX1 is essential for the growth and development of A. thaliana.	Starch	98-104	plastidic GLC translocator	Arabidopsis thaliana	28-33
21175634-7	2011	These findings suggest that pGlcT, together with MEX1, contributes significantly to the export of starch degradation products from chloroplasts in A. thaliana leaves, and that this starch-mediated pathway for photoassimilate export via pGlcT and MEX1 is essential for the growth and development of A. thaliana.	Starch	98-104	root cap 1 (RCP1)	Arabidopsis thaliana	49-53
21175634-7	2011	These findings suggest that pGlcT, together with MEX1, contributes significantly to the export of starch degradation products from chloroplasts in A. thaliana leaves, and that this starch-mediated pathway for photoassimilate export via pGlcT and MEX1 is essential for the growth and development of A. thaliana.	Starch	181-187	plastidic GLC translocator	Arabidopsis thaliana	28-33
21175634-7	2011	These findings suggest that pGlcT, together with MEX1, contributes significantly to the export of starch degradation products from chloroplasts in A. thaliana leaves, and that this starch-mediated pathway for photoassimilate export via pGlcT and MEX1 is essential for the growth and development of A. thaliana.	Starch	181-187	plastidic GLC translocator	Arabidopsis thaliana	236-241
21175634-7	2011	These findings suggest that pGlcT, together with MEX1, contributes significantly to the export of starch degradation products from chloroplasts in A. thaliana leaves, and that this starch-mediated pathway for photoassimilate export via pGlcT and MEX1 is essential for the growth and development of A. thaliana.	Starch	181-187	root cap 1 (RCP1)	Arabidopsis thaliana	246-250
21248198-1	2011	Diets containing different starch types affect peripheral glucose and insulin responses.	Starch	27-33	insulin	Sus scrofa	70-77
21338813-15	2011	Feeding a reduced-starch diet formulated by partially replacing corn grain and soybean meal with a wheat middlings and whole cottonseed mixture compared with a normal-starch diet without addition of exogenous amylase to either diet reduced milk and component-corrected feed conversions.	Starch	18-24	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	240-244
21248198-6	2011	The peak NPA of insulin occurred prior to that of glucose when pigs consumed diets containing rapidly digestible starch.	Starch	113-119	insulin	Sus scrofa	16-23
21248198-8	2011	In conclusion, starch with high amylose and low in vitro digestibility decreases the kinetics of glucose absorption and insulin and GIP secretion and increases SCFA absorption and glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion.	Starch	15-21	GIP	Sus scrofa	132-135
21060986-4	2011	We aim at investigating the effect of domestication on duplicated genes encoding a key enzyme of the starch pathway, the ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase).	Starch	101-107	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	121-150
21060986-4	2011	We aim at investigating the effect of domestication on duplicated genes encoding a key enzyme of the starch pathway, the ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase).	Starch	101-107	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	152-158
21244091-4	2011	These results suggest that the reduction of jejunal Thrsp gene expression by feeding a diet rich in less-digestible starch is associated with decreases in the binding of ChREBP and the acetylation of histones on the gene.	Starch	116-122	MLX interacting protein-like	Rattus norvegicus	170-176
21516791-1	2011	Nucleotide and amino acid variability of fragments of the Sus4 gene encoding the sucrose synthase enzyme was studied in 24 potato cultivars selected in Russia and other countries and differing in starch content in tubers.	Starch	196-202	sucrose synthase	Solanum tuberosum	58-62
21098673-1	2011	The importance of alpha-glucosidase in the endosperm starch metabolism of barley (Hordeum vulgare) seedlings is poorly understood.	Starch	53-59	Agl1	Hordeum vulgare	18-35
20951725-0	2011	Microwave assisted synthesis of polyacrylamide grafted starch (St-g-PAM) and its applicability as flocculant for water treatment.	Starch	55-61	peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase	Homo sapiens	68-71
20953430-1	2011	Pancreatic alpha-amylase inhibitors offer an effective strategy to lower the levels of post prandial hyperglycemia via control of starch breakdown.	Starch	130-136	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	0-24
20951725-1	2011	Polyacrylamide grafted starch (St-g-PAM) was made by a novel method of synthesis, involving combination of microwave radiation and a chemical free radical initiator (ceric ammonium nitrate) to initiate grafting reaction.	Starch	23-29	peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase	Homo sapiens	36-39
20876336-0	2011	Thioredoxin-regulated beta-amylase (BAM1) triggers diurnal starch degradation in guard cells, and in mesophyll cells under osmotic stress.	Starch	59-65	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	0-11
22027017-3	2011	METHODS: The present investigation aimed to examine if salivary alpha-amylase, an enzyme well known for the metabolism of starch and recently introduced as a stress marker, is able to exert antiproliferative effects on the growth of mammary gland epithelial cells.	Starch	122-128	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	55-77
21244091-0	2011	Feeding rats dietary resistant starch reduces both the binding of ChREBP and the acetylation of histones on the Thrsp gene in the jejunum.	Starch	31-37	MLX interacting protein-like	Rattus norvegicus	66-72
21244091-0	2011	Feeding rats dietary resistant starch reduces both the binding of ChREBP and the acetylation of histones on the Thrsp gene in the jejunum.	Starch	31-37	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	112-117
21244091-2	2011	In this study, we found that jejunal mRNA and protein expressions of Thrsp were markedly reduced in rats fed a diet containing a high amount of resistant starch (RS), which is an indigestible starch, for 7 days, compared with those fed a regular starch diet.	Starch	154-160	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	69-74
21244091-2	2011	In this study, we found that jejunal mRNA and protein expressions of Thrsp were markedly reduced in rats fed a diet containing a high amount of resistant starch (RS), which is an indigestible starch, for 7 days, compared with those fed a regular starch diet.	Starch	192-198	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	69-74
21244091-2	2011	In this study, we found that jejunal mRNA and protein expressions of Thrsp were markedly reduced in rats fed a diet containing a high amount of resistant starch (RS), which is an indigestible starch, for 7 days, compared with those fed a regular starch diet.	Starch	192-198	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	69-74
21244091-4	2011	These results suggest that the reduction of jejunal Thrsp gene expression by feeding a diet rich in less-digestible starch is associated with decreases in the binding of ChREBP and the acetylation of histones on the gene.	Starch	116-122	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	52-57
21529256-1	2011	alpha-Amylase is a common enzyme for hydrolyzing starch.	Starch	49-55	alpha-amylase	Bombyx mori	0-13
21697636-0	2011	Jejunal induction of SI and SGLT1 genes in rats by high-starch/low-fat diet is associated with histone acetylation and binding of GCN5 on the genes.	Starch	56-62	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	28-33
21697636-0	2011	Jejunal induction of SI and SGLT1 genes in rats by high-starch/low-fat diet is associated with histone acetylation and binding of GCN5 on the genes.	Starch	56-62	lysine acetyltransferase 2A	Rattus norvegicus	130-134
21697636-1	2011	The intestinal expression of genes involved in carbohydrate digestion and absorption, such as sucrase-isomaltase (SI) and sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter (SGLT1), is higher in rodents fed a high-starch/low-fat (HS) diet than in those fed a low-starch/high-fat (LS) diet.	Starch	202-208	sucrase-isomaltase	Rattus norvegicus	94-112
21697636-1	2011	The intestinal expression of genes involved in carbohydrate digestion and absorption, such as sucrase-isomaltase (SI) and sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter (SGLT1), is higher in rodents fed a high-starch/low-fat (HS) diet than in those fed a low-starch/high-fat (LS) diet.	Starch	202-208	solute carrier family 5 member 11	Rattus norvegicus	122-160
21697636-1	2011	The intestinal expression of genes involved in carbohydrate digestion and absorption, such as sucrase-isomaltase (SI) and sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter (SGLT1), is higher in rodents fed a high-starch/low-fat (HS) diet than in those fed a low-starch/high-fat (LS) diet.	Starch	202-208	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	162-167
21697636-1	2011	The intestinal expression of genes involved in carbohydrate digestion and absorption, such as sucrase-isomaltase (SI) and sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter (SGLT1), is higher in rodents fed a high-starch/low-fat (HS) diet than in those fed a low-starch/high-fat (LS) diet.	Starch	251-257	sucrase-isomaltase	Rattus norvegicus	94-112
21697636-1	2011	The intestinal expression of genes involved in carbohydrate digestion and absorption, such as sucrase-isomaltase (SI) and sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter (SGLT1), is higher in rodents fed a high-starch/low-fat (HS) diet than in those fed a low-starch/high-fat (LS) diet.	Starch	251-257	solute carrier family 5 member 11	Rattus norvegicus	122-160
21697636-1	2011	The intestinal expression of genes involved in carbohydrate digestion and absorption, such as sucrase-isomaltase (SI) and sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter (SGLT1), is higher in rodents fed a high-starch/low-fat (HS) diet than in those fed a low-starch/high-fat (LS) diet.	Starch	251-257	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	162-167
21556057-0	2011	Two splice variants of the IDD14 transcription factor competitively form nonfunctional heterodimers which may regulate starch metabolism.	Starch	119-125	indeterminate(ID)-domain 14	Arabidopsis thaliana	27-32
21556057-2	2011	Here we report that alternative splicing of the Arabidopsis INDERMINATE DOMAIN 14 (IDD14) transcription factor gene generates a competitive inhibitor in regulating starch metabolism.	Starch	164-170	indeterminate(ID)-domain 14	Arabidopsis thaliana	60-81
21556057-2	2011	Here we report that alternative splicing of the Arabidopsis INDERMINATE DOMAIN 14 (IDD14) transcription factor gene generates a competitive inhibitor in regulating starch metabolism.	Starch	164-170	indeterminate(ID)-domain 14	Arabidopsis thaliana	83-88
21556057-4	2011	IDD14alpha-IDD14beta heterodimers have reduced binding activity to the promoter of Qua-Quine Starch (QQS) gene that regulates starch accumulation.	Starch	126-132	indeterminate(ID)-domain 14	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-10
21556057-4	2011	IDD14alpha-IDD14beta heterodimers have reduced binding activity to the promoter of Qua-Quine Starch (QQS) gene that regulates starch accumulation.	Starch	126-132	indeterminate(ID)-domain 14	Arabidopsis thaliana	11-20
21556057-4	2011	IDD14alpha-IDD14beta heterodimers have reduced binding activity to the promoter of Qua-Quine Starch (QQS) gene that regulates starch accumulation.	Starch	126-132	qua-quine starch	Arabidopsis thaliana	83-99
21556057-7	2011	We propose that alternative splicing of the IDD14 gene generates a self-controlled regulatory loop that may modulate starch accumulation in response to cold.	Starch	117-123	indeterminate(ID)-domain 14	Arabidopsis thaliana	44-49
21036188-6	2011	Whereas the sucrose group compared to the starch group immediately after the preload (at 10 min) had elevated levels of glucose in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) along with reduced expressions of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related protein (AgRP) in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), the subsequent effects (at 30-60 min) just preceding the test meal hyperphagia were the reverse.	Starch	42-48	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	201-215
21036188-6	2011	Whereas the sucrose group compared to the starch group immediately after the preload (at 10 min) had elevated levels of glucose in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) along with reduced expressions of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related protein (AgRP) in the arcuate nucleus (ARC), the subsequent effects (at 30-60 min) just preceding the test meal hyperphagia were the reverse.	Starch	42-48	neuropeptide Y	Rattus norvegicus	217-220
22102866-5	2011	We provide novel evidence that GNC and CGA1 influence both chloroplast number and leaf starch in proportion to their transcript level.	Starch	87-93	GATA type zinc finger transcription factor family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	31-34
22102866-5	2011	We provide novel evidence that GNC and CGA1 influence both chloroplast number and leaf starch in proportion to their transcript level.	Starch	87-93	cytokinin-responsive gata factor 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	39-43
22102866-10	2011	Despite some evidence for partial divergence, results indicate that regulation of both GNC and CGA1 by light, nitrogen, cytokinin, and GA acts to modulate nitrogen assimilation, chloroplast development and starch production.	Starch	206-212	GATA type zinc finger transcription factor family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	87-90
22102866-10	2011	Despite some evidence for partial divergence, results indicate that regulation of both GNC and CGA1 by light, nitrogen, cytokinin, and GA acts to modulate nitrogen assimilation, chloroplast development and starch production.	Starch	206-212	cytokinin-responsive gata factor 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	95-99
22073207-0	2011	Carbon dynamics, development and stress responses in Arabidopsis: involvement of the APL4 subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (starch synthesis).	Starch	132-138	Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	85-89
22073207-2	2011	This enhanced atrazine tolerance mutant was shown to be affected in the promoter structure and in the regulation of expression of the APL4 isoform of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, a key enzyme of the starch biosynthesis pathway, thus resulting in decrease of APL4 mRNA levels.	Starch	201-207	Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	134-138
19855922-6	2010	ACP1 phenotype was determined by starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	33-39	acid phosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
21098675-6	2011	Levels of sucrose, hexoses, and starch are lower in the terminal bud clusters of gsl7 than in those of wild-type plants.	Starch	32-38	glucan synthase-like 7	Arabidopsis thaliana	81-85
20876336-0	2011	Thioredoxin-regulated beta-amylase (BAM1) triggers diurnal starch degradation in guard cells, and in mesophyll cells under osmotic stress.	Starch	59-65	beta-amylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	36-40
20876336-6	2011	Compared with wild-type plants, bam1 knockout mutants were characterized by having more starch in illuminated guard cells and reduced stomata opening, suggesting that thioredoxin-regulated BAM1 plays a role in diurnal starch degradation which sustains stomata opening.	Starch	88-94	beta-amylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	32-36
20876336-6	2011	Compared with wild-type plants, bam1 knockout mutants were characterized by having more starch in illuminated guard cells and reduced stomata opening, suggesting that thioredoxin-regulated BAM1 plays a role in diurnal starch degradation which sustains stomata opening.	Starch	88-94	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	167-178
20876336-9	2011	It is proposed that thioredoxin-regulated BAM1 activates a starch degradation pathway in illuminated mesophyll cells upon osmotic stress, similar to the diurnal pathway of starch degradation in guard cells that is also dependent on thioredoxin-regulated BAM1.	Starch	59-65	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	20-31
20876336-9	2011	It is proposed that thioredoxin-regulated BAM1 activates a starch degradation pathway in illuminated mesophyll cells upon osmotic stress, similar to the diurnal pathway of starch degradation in guard cells that is also dependent on thioredoxin-regulated BAM1.	Starch	59-65	beta-amylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	42-46
20876336-9	2011	It is proposed that thioredoxin-regulated BAM1 activates a starch degradation pathway in illuminated mesophyll cells upon osmotic stress, similar to the diurnal pathway of starch degradation in guard cells that is also dependent on thioredoxin-regulated BAM1.	Starch	172-178	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	20-31
20876336-9	2011	It is proposed that thioredoxin-regulated BAM1 activates a starch degradation pathway in illuminated mesophyll cells upon osmotic stress, similar to the diurnal pathway of starch degradation in guard cells that is also dependent on thioredoxin-regulated BAM1.	Starch	172-178	beta-amylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	42-46
20600946-1	2010	Laforin is a human protein associated with the glycogen metabolism, composed of two structurally and functionally independent domains: a phosphatase catalytic domain and a substrate-binding module with glycogen and starch affinity.	Starch	215-221	EPM2A glucan phosphatase, laforin	Homo sapiens	0-7
20644982-0	2010	Development of porous HAp and beta-TCP scaffolds by starch consolidation with foaming method and drug-chitosan bilayered scaffold based drug delivery system.	Starch	52-58	retinoic acid receptor beta	Homo sapiens	22-25
21193571-2	2010	The nakr1-1 mutant phenotype includes high Na(+), K(+), Rb(+), and starch accumulation in leaves, short roots, late flowering, and decreased long-distance transport of sucrose.	Starch	67-73	Heavy metal transport/detoxification superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	4-9
20675047-2	2010	The native starch reacted with diethylenetriamine giving CAS, whereas the enzymatic hydrolysis starch was modified by diethylenetriamine producing CAES.	Starch	11-17	BCAR1 scaffold protein, Cas family member	Homo sapiens	57-60
20943251-8	2010	Meanwhile, the DBPFP yield increased from 3 for glycine to 51mug DBP mg(-1) C for its degradation residue, and from 1 for glucose and starch to 87 and 38mug DBP mg(-1) C for their organic residues, respectively.	Starch	134-140	D-box binding PAR bZIP transcription factor	Homo sapiens	15-18
21059030-1	2010	REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Starch rich (S) feeds reduce insulin sensitivity in untrained horses when compared to high fat (F) feeds, but insulin sensitivity is not affected when S or F are fed during exercise training.	Starch	30-36	INS	Equus caballus	59-66
21150257-4	2010	With the overall data we propose a metabolic model wherein important determinants of accumulation of exceptionally high levels of starch include (a) upregulation of ADPglucose-producing SuSy, starch synthase III and IV, proteins involved in the endocytic uptake and traffic of sucrose, (b) down-regulation of acid invertase, starch breakdown enzymes and proteins involved in internal amino acid provision, and (c) 3-phosphoglycerate-mediated allosteric activation of ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase.	Starch	130-136	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	467-495
21224686-0	2010	[A case report of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with portal vein tumor thrombus responding to DSM-TACE (degradable starch microspheres-transcatheter arterial chemoembolization)].	Starch	129-135	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17	Homo sapiens	112-116
20644982-6	2010	In this article, a novel approach of forming HAp and pure beta-TCP based porous scaffolds by applying together starch consolidation with foaming method was used.	Starch	111-117	retinoic acid receptor beta	Homo sapiens	45-48
20603706-10	2010	The largest effect on tuber starch content and starch yield was observed for the paired alleles Pain1-8c and Rca-1a, explaining 9 and 10% of the total variance, respectively.	Starch	47-53	beta-fructosidase	Solanum tuberosum	96-101
20603706-10	2010	The largest effect on tuber starch content and starch yield was observed for the paired alleles Pain1-8c and Rca-1a, explaining 9 and 10% of the total variance, respectively.	Starch	28-34	beta-fructosidase	Solanum tuberosum	96-101
20603706-10	2010	The largest effect on tuber starch content and starch yield was observed for the paired alleles Pain1-8c and Rca-1a, explaining 9 and 10% of the total variance, respectively.	Starch	28-34	ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase, chloroplastic	Solanum tuberosum	109-112
20603706-10	2010	The largest effect on tuber starch content and starch yield was observed for the paired alleles Pain1-8c and Rca-1a, explaining 9 and 10% of the total variance, respectively.	Starch	47-53	ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase activase, chloroplastic	Solanum tuberosum	109-112
20967220-0	2010	Individual differences in AMY1 gene copy number, salivary alpha-amylase levels, and the perception of oral starch.	Starch	107-113	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	26-30
20304634-1	2010	Comparing breakthrough cures of five starch-based materials experimentally prepared for ethanol dehydration, a compound adsorptive agent ZSG-1 was formulated with high adsorption capacity, low energy and material cost.	Starch	37-43	sarcoglycan zeta	Homo sapiens	137-142
20425755-0	2010	The regulation of jejunal induction of the maltase-glucoamylase gene by a high-starch/low-fat diet in mice.	Starch	79-85	maltase-glucoamylase	Mus musculus	43-63
20655076-6	2010	Soybean alpha-amylase showed high specificity for its primary substrate starch.	Starch	72-78	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Glycine max	8-21
20659274-5	2010	Lack of expression from the ABI3::TPS1 transgene in post-germinative tps1 seedlings results in severe growth arrest, accumulation of soluble sugars and starch and leads to an increase in expression of genes related to ABA signalling.	Starch	152-158	ABI family member 3	Homo sapiens	28-32
20659274-5	2010	Lack of expression from the ABI3::TPS1 transgene in post-germinative tps1 seedlings results in severe growth arrest, accumulation of soluble sugars and starch and leads to an increase in expression of genes related to ABA signalling.	Starch	152-158	tryptase alpha/beta 1	Homo sapiens	34-38
20659274-5	2010	Lack of expression from the ABI3::TPS1 transgene in post-germinative tps1 seedlings results in severe growth arrest, accumulation of soluble sugars and starch and leads to an increase in expression of genes related to ABA signalling.	Starch	152-158	tryptase alpha/beta 1	Homo sapiens	69-73
20967220-1	2010	BACKGROUND: The digestion of dietary starch in humans is initiated by salivary alpha-amylase, an endo-enzyme that hydrolyzes starch into maltose, maltotriose and larger oligosaccharides.	Starch	37-43	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	70-92
20967220-1	2010	BACKGROUND: The digestion of dietary starch in humans is initiated by salivary alpha-amylase, an endo-enzyme that hydrolyzes starch into maltose, maltotriose and larger oligosaccharides.	Starch	125-131	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	70-92
20967220-8	2010	Finally, we demonstrate that AMY1 CNVs predict an individual"s amount and activity of salivary amylase and thereby, ultimately determine their perceived rate of oral starch viscosity thinning.	Starch	166-172	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	29-33
20967220-9	2010	CONCLUSIONS: By linking genetic variation and its consequent salivary enzymatic differences to the perceptual sequellae of these variations, we show that AMY1 copy number relates to salivary amylase concentration and enzymatic activity level, which, in turn, account for individual variation in the oral perception of starch viscosity.	Starch	318-324	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	154-158
20699397-5	2010	In addition, SR45 is involved in the control of Glc-responsive gene expression, as the mutant displays enhanced repression of photosynthetic and nitrogen metabolism genes and overinduction of starch and anthocyanin biosynthesis genes.	Starch	192-198	arginine/serine-rich 45	Arabidopsis thaliana	13-17
20700743-9	2010	No translocation to the chloroplasts was observed for any of the fusion proteins, supporting a cytosolic role of the StDPE2 enzyme in leaf starch metabolism, as has been observed for Arabidopsis DPE2.	Starch	139-145	disproportionating enzyme 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	119-123
20680969-2	2010	The starch-agarose gel electrophoresis of hemolysate, RBCs, freeze-thawed RBCs and the supernatant of freeze-thawed RBCs showed that the interaction between HbA and HbA(2) was affected by membrane integrity.	Starch	4-10	keratin 90, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	157-160
20680969-2	2010	The starch-agarose gel electrophoresis of hemolysate, RBCs, freeze-thawed RBCs and the supernatant of freeze-thawed RBCs showed that the interaction between HbA and HbA(2) was affected by membrane integrity.	Starch	4-10	keratin 90, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	165-168
20680969-3	2010	To identify the proteins involved in the interaction, protein components located between HbA and HbA(2) in RBCs (RBC HbA-HbA(2)) and hemolysate (hemolysate HbA-HbA(2)) were isolated from the starch-agarose gel and separated by 5-12% SDS-PAGE.	Starch	191-197	keratin 90, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	89-92
20680969-3	2010	To identify the proteins involved in the interaction, protein components located between HbA and HbA(2) in RBCs (RBC HbA-HbA(2)) and hemolysate (hemolysate HbA-HbA(2)) were isolated from the starch-agarose gel and separated by 5-12% SDS-PAGE.	Starch	191-197	keratin 90, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	97-100
20680969-3	2010	To identify the proteins involved in the interaction, protein components located between HbA and HbA(2) in RBCs (RBC HbA-HbA(2)) and hemolysate (hemolysate HbA-HbA(2)) were isolated from the starch-agarose gel and separated by 5-12% SDS-PAGE.	Starch	191-197	keratin 90, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	97-100
20680969-3	2010	To identify the proteins involved in the interaction, protein components located between HbA and HbA(2) in RBCs (RBC HbA-HbA(2)) and hemolysate (hemolysate HbA-HbA(2)) were isolated from the starch-agarose gel and separated by 5-12% SDS-PAGE.	Starch	191-197	keratin 90, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	97-100
20680969-3	2010	To identify the proteins involved in the interaction, protein components located between HbA and HbA(2) in RBCs (RBC HbA-HbA(2)) and hemolysate (hemolysate HbA-HbA(2)) were isolated from the starch-agarose gel and separated by 5-12% SDS-PAGE.	Starch	191-197	keratin 90, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	97-100
20680969-3	2010	To identify the proteins involved in the interaction, protein components located between HbA and HbA(2) in RBCs (RBC HbA-HbA(2)) and hemolysate (hemolysate HbA-HbA(2)) were isolated from the starch-agarose gel and separated by 5-12% SDS-PAGE.	Starch	191-197	keratin 90, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	97-100
20712627-3	2010	The proposed function of the GPT in plastids of non-green tissues is the provision of Glc6P for starch biosynthesis and/or the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway.	Starch	96-102	UDP-glcnac-adolichol phosphate glcnac-1-p-transferase	Arabidopsis thaliana	29-32
20712627-6	2010	Whereas adg1-1/gpt2-1 was starch-free, residual starch could be detected in pgi1-2/gpt2-1 and was confined to stomatal guard cells, bundle sheath cells and root tips, which parallels the reported spatial expression profile of AtGPT1.	Starch	48-54	phosphoglucose isomerase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	76-82
20712627-6	2010	Whereas adg1-1/gpt2-1 was starch-free, residual starch could be detected in pgi1-2/gpt2-1 and was confined to stomatal guard cells, bundle sheath cells and root tips, which parallels the reported spatial expression profile of AtGPT1.	Starch	48-54	glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate translocator 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	83-87
20712627-9	2010	The possible function of GPT2 in starch-free mutants is discussed in the background of carbon requirement in leaves during the light-dark cycle.	Starch	33-39	glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate translocator 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	25-29
20562225-2	2010	The results indicate that the genetic blockage of starch synthesis in the sta6 and sta7-10 mutants increases the accumulation of lipids on a cellular basis during nitrogen deprivation relative to that in the CC124 control as determined by conversion to fatty acid methyl esters.	Starch	50-56	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	74-78
20643807-7	2010	Moreover, key enzymes in the pathways of gluconeogenesis (fructose-bisphosphate aldolase), purine and pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis (adenylate kinase), tryptophan degradation (aldehyde oxidase), starch degradation (beta-amylase), methionine biosynthesis (cystathionine beta-lyase), and the removal of superoxide radicals (catalase) were also specifically affected by drought stress.	Starch	200-206	aldehyde oxidase	Solanum lycopersicum	181-197
20559653-0	2010	Arabidopsis sucrose synthase 2 and 3 modulate metabolic homeostasis and direct carbon towards starch synthesis in developing seeds.	Starch	94-100	sucrose synthase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	12-28
20559653-7	2010	It seems that sucrolysis via SUS is not required for oil or protein synthesis but rather for channeling carbon toward ADP-glucose and starch in seeds.	Starch	134-140	sucrose synthase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	29-32
21152272-0	2010	The effect of a brief salivary alpha-amylase exposure during chewing on subsequent in vitro starch digestion curve profiles.	Starch	92-98	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	22-44
20620253-1	2010	Soluble starch-synthesizing enzymes, starch synthase (SSS) and starch-branching enzyme (SBE), were isolated, fractionated, and purified from white potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum) on a large scale.	Starch	8-14	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme	Solanum tuberosum	63-86
20620253-1	2010	Soluble starch-synthesizing enzymes, starch synthase (SSS) and starch-branching enzyme (SBE), were isolated, fractionated, and purified from white potato tubers (Solanum tuberosum) on a large scale.	Starch	8-14	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme	Solanum tuberosum	88-91
20153546-0	2010	The gene encoding the catalytically inactive beta-amylase BAM4 involved in starch breakdown in Arabidopsis leaves is expressed preferentially in vascular tissues in source and sink organs.	Starch	75-81	beta-amylase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	58-62
20153546-10	2010	These results show that even though BAM3 and BAM4 genes apparently interact genetically in leaf starch metabolism, BAM4 is preferentially expressed in non-photosynthetic vascular tissue, so revealing a potentially greater level of complexity in the control of starch breakdown than had previously been recognised.	Starch	96-102	Leucine-rich receptor-like protein kinase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	36-40
20153546-10	2010	These results show that even though BAM3 and BAM4 genes apparently interact genetically in leaf starch metabolism, BAM4 is preferentially expressed in non-photosynthetic vascular tissue, so revealing a potentially greater level of complexity in the control of starch breakdown than had previously been recognised.	Starch	96-102	beta-amylase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	45-49
20153546-10	2010	These results show that even though BAM3 and BAM4 genes apparently interact genetically in leaf starch metabolism, BAM4 is preferentially expressed in non-photosynthetic vascular tissue, so revealing a potentially greater level of complexity in the control of starch breakdown than had previously been recognised.	Starch	260-266	beta-amylase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	115-119
20451999-6	2010	Compared with gilts fed the high-energy diet supplemented with fat, gilts fed the high-energy diet supplemented with starch had a tendency (P &lt; 0.10) towards increased IGF-I concentration in both blood and follicular fluid, and improved oocyte nuclear maturation during culture in vitro.	Starch	117-123	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	171-176
19941088-7	2010	The hydrolysis properties of alpha-amylase AI toward different substrates indicated that corn starch is the best substrate.	Starch	94-100	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	29-42
20679247-0	2010	Structural basis for the glucan phosphatase activity of Starch Excess4.	Starch	56-62	EPM2A glucan phosphatase, laforin	Homo sapiens	25-43
20630229-12	2010	Infusions of starch increased plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-I.	Starch	13-19	insulin	Bos taurus	64-105
20630229-13	2010	Starch infusions increased phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, consistent with changes in milk protein yields and plasma flow, respectively.	Starch	0-6	40S ribosomal protein S6	Bos taurus	46-66
20630229-13	2010	Starch infusions increased phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase, consistent with changes in milk protein yields and plasma flow, respectively.	Starch	0-6	nitric oxide synthase 3	Bos taurus	71-104
20630229-14	2010	Phosphorylation of the mammalian target of rapamycin was increased in response to starch only when casein was also infused.	Starch	82-88	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	23-52
20399242-8	2010	The percentage of c-Fos-positive oxytocin cells in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus was significantly lower in rats chronically exposed to the HS than to the CS diet, regardless of which diet they received on the final day.	Starch	166-168	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	18-23
20356844-1	2010	Human maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM) and sucrase-isomaltase (SI) are small intestinal enzymes that work concurrently to hydrolyze the mixture of linear alpha-1,4- and branched alpha-1,6-oligosaccharide substrates that typically make up terminal starch digestion products.	Starch	242-248	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	6-26
20356844-1	2010	Human maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM) and sucrase-isomaltase (SI) are small intestinal enzymes that work concurrently to hydrolyze the mixture of linear alpha-1,4- and branched alpha-1,6-oligosaccharide substrates that typically make up terminal starch digestion products.	Starch	242-248	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	28-32
20356844-1	2010	Human maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM) and sucrase-isomaltase (SI) are small intestinal enzymes that work concurrently to hydrolyze the mixture of linear alpha-1,4- and branched alpha-1,6-oligosaccharide substrates that typically make up terminal starch digestion products.	Starch	242-248	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	38-56
20439704-9	2010	Reduced growth of wild-type plants in 28-h days and lhy/cca1 mutants in 24-h days was attributable to the inappropriate rate of starch degradation and the consequent carbon starvation at the end of night.	Starch	128-134	Homeodomain-like superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	52-55
20021700-4	2010	Expression of insulin-induced gene 1 (INSIG1) was also greater with high starch at 56 d. Steers fed low starch experienced a marked increase in FASN, FABP4, SCD, DGAT2 and thyroid hormone-responsive (SPOT14 homologue, rat) (THRSP) between 56 and 112 d of feeding.	Starch	73-79	insulin induced gene 1	Bos taurus	14-36
20021700-4	2010	Expression of insulin-induced gene 1 (INSIG1) was also greater with high starch at 56 d. Steers fed low starch experienced a marked increase in FASN, FABP4, SCD, DGAT2 and thyroid hormone-responsive (SPOT14 homologue, rat) (THRSP) between 56 and 112 d of feeding.	Starch	73-79	insulin induced gene 1	Bos taurus	38-44
20021700-4	2010	Expression of insulin-induced gene 1 (INSIG1) was also greater with high starch at 56 d. Steers fed low starch experienced a marked increase in FASN, FABP4, SCD, DGAT2 and thyroid hormone-responsive (SPOT14 homologue, rat) (THRSP) between 56 and 112 d of feeding.	Starch	104-110	insulin induced gene 1	Bos taurus	14-36
20021700-4	2010	Expression of insulin-induced gene 1 (INSIG1) was also greater with high starch at 56 d. Steers fed low starch experienced a marked increase in FASN, FABP4, SCD, DGAT2 and thyroid hormone-responsive (SPOT14 homologue, rat) (THRSP) between 56 and 112 d of feeding.	Starch	104-110	insulin induced gene 1	Bos taurus	38-44
20423939-3	2010	Golgi disassembly promoted either by the secretory inhibitor brefeldin A or through an inducible Sar1-GTP system leads to dramatic starch accumulation in plastids, thus providing evidence for a direct interaction between plastids and Golgi activity.	Starch	131-137	secretion associated Ras related GTPase 1A	Homo sapiens	97-101
20439704-9	2010	Reduced growth of wild-type plants in 28-h days and lhy/cca1 mutants in 24-h days was attributable to the inappropriate rate of starch degradation and the consequent carbon starvation at the end of night.	Starch	128-134	circadian clock associated 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	56-60
20394425-5	2010	RS contents of examined starches were 35.0, 29.5, 28.1, 32.0, 28.2, 29.4, 12.9, 18.4, and 15.7%, respectively, which were significantly correlated with HAM gene-dosage (r = 0.81, p &lt; 0.01).	Starch	24-32	dull endosperm 1	Zea mays	152-155
20394425-6	2010	Amylose content, number of elongated starch granules, and conclusion gelatinization temperature increased with the increase in HAM gene-dosage.	Starch	37-43	dull endosperm 1	Zea mays	127-130
20394425-7	2010	X-ray diffraction study showed that the relative crystallinity (%) of starch granules decreased with the increase in HAM gene-dosage.	Starch	70-76	dull endosperm 1	Zea mays	117-120
20394425-8	2010	The results suggested that the HAM gene-dosage was responsible for changes in starch molecular structure and organization of starch granules and, in turn, the RS formation in the maize ae mutant starch.	Starch	78-84	dull endosperm 1	Zea mays	31-34
20394425-8	2010	The results suggested that the HAM gene-dosage was responsible for changes in starch molecular structure and organization of starch granules and, in turn, the RS formation in the maize ae mutant starch.	Starch	125-131	dull endosperm 1	Zea mays	31-34
19941088-10	2010	Apparent Km for alpha-amylase AI was 5 mg (0.5%) starch/ml.	Starch	49-55	alpha-amylase	Citrus sinensis	16-29
19175452-9	2010	The insulin contents in piglets fed the sticky rice diet was 69.2 microIU/ml at 1 h post-feeding which was highest among the starch diets.	Starch	125-131	insulin	Sus scrofa	4-11
20536509-0	2010	Resistant starch improves insulin sensitivity in metabolic syndrome.	Starch	10-16	insulin	Homo sapiens	26-33
20536509-7	2010	However, in subjects randomized to consume the resistant starch, insulin sensitivity improved compared with the placebo group (P = 0.023).	Starch	57-63	insulin	Homo sapiens	65-72
20536509-9	2010	CONCLUSION: Consumption of resistant starch improves insulin sensitivity in subjects with the metabolic syndrome.	Starch	37-43	insulin	Homo sapiens	53-60
20021700-4	2010	Expression of insulin-induced gene 1 (INSIG1) was also greater with high starch at 56 d. Steers fed low starch experienced a marked increase in FASN, FABP4, SCD, DGAT2 and thyroid hormone-responsive (SPOT14 homologue, rat) (THRSP) between 56 and 112 d of feeding.	Starch	104-110	fatty acid synthase	Rattus norvegicus	144-148
20021700-4	2010	Expression of insulin-induced gene 1 (INSIG1) was also greater with high starch at 56 d. Steers fed low starch experienced a marked increase in FASN, FABP4, SCD, DGAT2 and thyroid hormone-responsive (SPOT14 homologue, rat) (THRSP) between 56 and 112 d of feeding.	Starch	104-110	fatty acid binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	150-155
20021700-4	2010	Expression of insulin-induced gene 1 (INSIG1) was also greater with high starch at 56 d. Steers fed low starch experienced a marked increase in FASN, FABP4, SCD, DGAT2 and thyroid hormone-responsive (SPOT14 homologue, rat) (THRSP) between 56 and 112 d of feeding.	Starch	104-110	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Rattus norvegicus	157-160
20021700-4	2010	Expression of insulin-induced gene 1 (INSIG1) was also greater with high starch at 56 d. Steers fed low starch experienced a marked increase in FASN, FABP4, SCD, DGAT2 and thyroid hormone-responsive (SPOT14 homologue, rat) (THRSP) between 56 and 112 d of feeding.	Starch	104-110	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2	Rattus norvegicus	162-167
20021700-4	2010	Expression of insulin-induced gene 1 (INSIG1) was also greater with high starch at 56 d. Steers fed low starch experienced a marked increase in FASN, FABP4, SCD, DGAT2 and thyroid hormone-responsive (SPOT14 homologue, rat) (THRSP) between 56 and 112 d of feeding.	Starch	104-110	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	172-198
20021700-4	2010	Expression of insulin-induced gene 1 (INSIG1) was also greater with high starch at 56 d. Steers fed low starch experienced a marked increase in FASN, FABP4, SCD, DGAT2 and thyroid hormone-responsive (SPOT14 homologue, rat) (THRSP) between 56 and 112 d of feeding.	Starch	104-110	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	200-206
20021700-4	2010	Expression of insulin-induced gene 1 (INSIG1) was also greater with high starch at 56 d. Steers fed low starch experienced a marked increase in FASN, FABP4, SCD, DGAT2 and thyroid hormone-responsive (SPOT14 homologue, rat) (THRSP) between 56 and 112 d of feeding.	Starch	104-110	thyroid hormone responsive	Rattus norvegicus	224-229
20021700-5	2010	A greater expression of the transcription factors sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1) and MLX interacting protein-like (MLXIPL) was observed at 224 d in steers fed high starch, suggesting a nutritional imprinting effect.	Starch	199-205	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Bos taurus	50-106
20021700-5	2010	A greater expression of the transcription factors sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1) and MLX interacting protein-like (MLXIPL) was observed at 224 d in steers fed high starch, suggesting a nutritional imprinting effect.	Starch	199-205	sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1	Bos taurus	108-114
20021700-5	2010	A greater expression of the transcription factors sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1) and MLX interacting protein-like (MLXIPL) was observed at 224 d in steers fed high starch, suggesting a nutritional imprinting effect.	Starch	199-205	MLX interacting protein like	Bos taurus	120-148
20021700-5	2010	A greater expression of the transcription factors sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1) and MLX interacting protein-like (MLXIPL) was observed at 224 d in steers fed high starch, suggesting a nutritional imprinting effect.	Starch	199-205	MLX interacting protein like	Bos taurus	150-156
20021700-6	2010	Carryover effects of low starch feeding were discerned by greater expression at 224 d of THRSP, FABP4, SCD and DGAT2.	Starch	25-31	thyroid hormone responsive	Bos taurus	89-94
20021700-6	2010	Carryover effects of low starch feeding were discerned by greater expression at 224 d of THRSP, FABP4, SCD and DGAT2.	Starch	25-31	fatty acid-binding protein, adipocyte	Bos taurus	96-101
20021700-6	2010	Carryover effects of low starch feeding were discerned by greater expression at 224 d of THRSP, FABP4, SCD and DGAT2.	Starch	25-31	stearoyl-CoA desaturase	Bos taurus	103-106
20021700-6	2010	Carryover effects of low starch feeding were discerned by greater expression at 224 d of THRSP, FABP4, SCD and DGAT2.	Starch	25-31	diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2	Bos taurus	111-116
20021700-7	2010	These steers also had greater PPARgamma at 224 d. Despite these responses, low starch led to greater expression at 224 d of nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 2 (NR2F2), a known repressor of rodent adipocyte differentiation through its negative effects on PPARgamma, ADIPOQ and FABP4.	Starch	79-85	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Bos taurus	30-39
20021700-7	2010	These steers also had greater PPARgamma at 224 d. Despite these responses, low starch led to greater expression at 224 d of nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 2 (NR2F2), a known repressor of rodent adipocyte differentiation through its negative effects on PPARgamma, ADIPOQ and FABP4.	Starch	79-85	nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 2	Bos taurus	124-171
20021700-7	2010	These steers also had greater PPARgamma at 224 d. Despite these responses, low starch led to greater expression at 224 d of nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 2 (NR2F2), a known repressor of rodent adipocyte differentiation through its negative effects on PPARgamma, ADIPOQ and FABP4.	Starch	79-85	nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group F member 2	Bos taurus	173-178
20021700-7	2010	These steers also had greater PPARgamma at 224 d. Despite these responses, low starch led to greater expression at 224 d of nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 2 (NR2F2), a known repressor of rodent adipocyte differentiation through its negative effects on PPARgamma, ADIPOQ and FABP4.	Starch	79-85	peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma	Bos taurus	267-276
20021700-7	2010	These steers also had greater PPARgamma at 224 d. Despite these responses, low starch led to greater expression at 224 d of nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 2 (NR2F2), a known repressor of rodent adipocyte differentiation through its negative effects on PPARgamma, ADIPOQ and FABP4.	Starch	79-85	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Bos taurus	278-284
20021700-7	2010	These steers also had greater PPARgamma at 224 d. Despite these responses, low starch led to greater expression at 224 d of nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group F, member 2 (NR2F2), a known repressor of rodent adipocyte differentiation through its negative effects on PPARgamma, ADIPOQ and FABP4.	Starch	79-85	fatty acid-binding protein, adipocyte	Bos taurus	289-294
20028602-6	2010	This indicates that starch of bean origin activated glycolytic bacterial enzymes; however, all the analysed starches were found to reduce the activity of beta-glucuronidase.	Starch	20-26	glucuronidase, beta	Rattus norvegicus	154-172
20028602-6	2010	This indicates that starch of bean origin activated glycolytic bacterial enzymes; however, all the analysed starches were found to reduce the activity of beta-glucuronidase.	Starch	108-116	glucuronidase, beta	Rattus norvegicus	154-172
20049866-3	2010	Trx-mediated redox control appears to be a common feature of important pathways, such as the Calvin cycle, starch synthesis and tetrapyrrole biosynthesis.	Starch	107-113	thioredoxin H-type 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-3
20009028-0	2010	RS4-type resistant starch prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity via increased hepatic fatty acid oxidation and decreased postprandial GIP in C57BL/6J mice.	Starch	19-25	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Mus musculus	135-138
20009028-10	2010	In conclusion, dietary supplementation with RS4-type resistant starch attenuates high-fat diet-induced obesity more effectively than RS2 in C57BL/6J mice, which may be attributable to lower postprandial GIP and increased fat catabolism in the liver.	Starch	63-69	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Mus musculus	203-206
20414461-1	2010	A starch-urea-based biodegradable coordination polymer modified by transition metal Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) was prepared by polycondensation of starch and urea.	Starch	2-8	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	92-97
20018599-5	2010	Similarly, native starch granules prelabeled in either the carbon-6 or carbon-3 position were also dephosphorylated by AtSEX4.	Starch	18-24	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	119-125
20018601-0	2010	A putative phosphatase, LSF1, is required for normal starch turnover in Arabidopsis leaves.	Starch	53-59	like SEX4 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	24-28
20018601-1	2010	A putative phosphatase, LSF1 (for LIKE SEX4; previously PTPKIS2), is closely related in sequence and structure to STARCH-EXCESS4 (SEX4), an enzyme necessary for the removal of phosphate groups from starch polymers during starch degradation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves at night.	Starch	198-204	like SEX4 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	24-28
20018601-1	2010	A putative phosphatase, LSF1 (for LIKE SEX4; previously PTPKIS2), is closely related in sequence and structure to STARCH-EXCESS4 (SEX4), an enzyme necessary for the removal of phosphate groups from starch polymers during starch degradation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves at night.	Starch	198-204	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	39-43
20018601-1	2010	A putative phosphatase, LSF1 (for LIKE SEX4; previously PTPKIS2), is closely related in sequence and structure to STARCH-EXCESS4 (SEX4), an enzyme necessary for the removal of phosphate groups from starch polymers during starch degradation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves at night.	Starch	198-204	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	114-128
20018601-1	2010	A putative phosphatase, LSF1 (for LIKE SEX4; previously PTPKIS2), is closely related in sequence and structure to STARCH-EXCESS4 (SEX4), an enzyme necessary for the removal of phosphate groups from starch polymers during starch degradation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves at night.	Starch	198-204	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	130-134
20018601-2	2010	We show that LSF1 is also required for starch degradation: lsf1 mutants, like sex4 mutants, have substantially more starch in their leaves than wild-type plants throughout the diurnal cycle.	Starch	39-45	like SEX4 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	13-17
20018601-2	2010	We show that LSF1 is also required for starch degradation: lsf1 mutants, like sex4 mutants, have substantially more starch in their leaves than wild-type plants throughout the diurnal cycle.	Starch	39-45	like SEX4 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	59-63
20018601-2	2010	We show that LSF1 is also required for starch degradation: lsf1 mutants, like sex4 mutants, have substantially more starch in their leaves than wild-type plants throughout the diurnal cycle.	Starch	116-122	like SEX4 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	13-17
20018601-2	2010	We show that LSF1 is also required for starch degradation: lsf1 mutants, like sex4 mutants, have substantially more starch in their leaves than wild-type plants throughout the diurnal cycle.	Starch	116-122	like SEX4 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	59-63
20018601-3	2010	LSF1 is chloroplastic and is located on the surface of starch granules.	Starch	55-61	like SEX4 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-4
20018601-5	2010	However, although LSF1 and SEX4 are probably both involved in the early stages of starch degradation, we show that LSF1 neither catalyzes the same reaction as SEX4 nor mediates a sequential step in the pathway.	Starch	82-88	like SEX4 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	18-22
20018601-5	2010	However, although LSF1 and SEX4 are probably both involved in the early stages of starch degradation, we show that LSF1 neither catalyzes the same reaction as SEX4 nor mediates a sequential step in the pathway.	Starch	82-88	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	27-31
20018601-7	2010	The sex4 mutant accumulates soluble phospho-oligosaccharides undetectable in wild-type plants and is deficient in a starch granule-dephosphorylating activity present in wild-type plants.	Starch	116-122	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	4-8
20018601-10	2010	We discuss the possible role of the LSF1 protein in starch degradation.	Starch	52-58	like SEX4 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	36-40
20038101-5	2010	Some differences in structure were detected in starch from the largest and smallest fruit using more sensitive analyses such as thermal properties, chain length distribution of amylopectin, and susceptibility to in vitro alpha-amylase digestion.	Starch	47-53	alpha-amylase	Solanum lycopersicum	221-234
19861655-7	2010	While overall nectary morphology appeared to be normal, cwinv4 flowers accumulated higher than normal levels of starch in the receptacle, but not within the nectaries themselves.	Starch	112-118	cell wall invertase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	56-62
20227000-1	2010	The hypothesis of this study is that consumption of a high glycemic index (GI) starch will increase adiposity, increase expression of the pro-oxidant enzyme (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NADPH] oxidase), and decrease expression of the antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase [GPx], and superoxide dismutase [SOD]) in adipose tissue of mice.	Starch	79-85	catalase	Mus musculus	272-280
19923236-6	2010	In transgenic grapevine cells overexpressing VvSK1, the expression of four monosaccharide transporters (VvHT3, VvHT4, VvHT5, and VvHT6) was up-regulated, the rate of glucose uptake was increased 3- to 5-fold, and the amount of glucose and sucrose accumulation was more than doubled, while the starch amount was not affected.	Starch	293-299	hexose transporter 7	Vitis vinifera	104-109
20414461-1	2010	A starch-urea-based biodegradable coordination polymer modified by transition metal Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) was prepared by polycondensation of starch and urea.	Starch	163-169	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	92-97
19889875-1	2010	Maize (Zea mays) endosperm ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is a highly regulated enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in starch biosynthesis.	Starch	136-142	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	27-56
19887501-2	2010	Transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants constitutively expressing GFP tagged AtRGP2 under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter are stunted, have a rosette-like growth pattern, and in source leaves exhibit strong chlorosis, increased photoassimilate retention and starch accumulation that results in elevated leaf specific fresh and dry weights.	Starch	269-275	reversibly glycosylated polypeptide 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	83-89
20798767-0	2010	Consumption of Cross-Linked Resistant Starch (RS4(XL)) on Glucose and Insulin Responses in Humans.	Starch	38-44	insulin	Homo sapiens	70-77
20798767-10	2010	These data illustrate, for the first time, that directly substituting standard starch with RS4(XL), while matched for available carbohydrates, attenuated postprandial glucose and insulin levels in humans.	Starch	79-85	insulin	Homo sapiens	179-186
19897606-6	2010	The loss of H2A.Z at these target loci results in their derepression in arp6 mutants and correlates with the presence of multiple Pi-starvation-related phenotypes, including shortened primary roots and increases in the number and length of root hairs, as well as increased starch accumulation and phosphatase activity in shoots.	Starch	273-279	actin-related protein 6	Arabidopsis thaliana	72-76
19889875-1	2010	Maize (Zea mays) endosperm ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is a highly regulated enzyme that catalyzes the rate-limiting step in starch biosynthesis.	Starch	136-142	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	58-64
19880756-3	2009	When starch biosynthesis is blocked in the sta6 mutant, the LB content increases 30-fold, demonstrating that genetic manipulation can enhance LB production.	Starch	5-11	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	43-47
19966471-0	2009	Dietary resistant starch reduces histone acetylation on the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide gene in the jejunum.	Starch	18-24	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	60-104
19966471-1	2009	We have reported that dietary resistant starch (RS) reduces glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) mRNA levels along the jejunoileum in both normal and diabetic rats.	Starch	40-46	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	60-104
19966471-1	2009	We have reported that dietary resistant starch (RS) reduces glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) mRNA levels along the jejunoileum in both normal and diabetic rats.	Starch	40-46	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	106-109
19557487-0	2009	Starch-poly-epsilon-caprolactone microparticles reduce the needed amount of BMP-2.	Starch	0-6	bone morphogenetic protein 2	Homo sapiens	76-81
19557487-2	2009	We developed and tested a novel injectable drug delivery system consisting of starch-poly-epsilon-caprolactone microparticles for inducing osteogenesis and requiring smaller amounts of BMP-2.	Starch	78-84	bone morphogenetic protein 2	Homo sapiens	185-190
19405040-4	2009	Glucaffect provides potent alpha-glucosidase inhibitors of herbal source such Pycnogenol, Madeglucyl and various others which obstruct absorption of carbohydrates, such as starch.	Starch	172-178	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	27-44
20088376-2	2009	Sh2, Bt2, Sh1, Wx1, Ae1 and Su1 involved in starch biosynthesis are important genes associated with yield and quality traits in maize breeding programs.	Starch	44-50	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	0-3
19789176-2	2009	Plants harbouring homozygous AtSUC2 null alleles accumulate sugar, starch, and anthocyanin in mature leaves, have severely delayed development and stunted growth and, in previous studies, failed to complete their life cycle by producing viable seed.	Starch	67-73	sucrose-proton symporter 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	29-35
20088376-2	2009	Sh2, Bt2, Sh1, Wx1, Ae1 and Su1 involved in starch biosynthesis are important genes associated with yield and quality traits in maize breeding programs.	Starch	44-50	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase small subunit	Zea mays	5-8
19946617-4	2009	The maltose excess 1 mutant (mex1), which lacks the chloroplast envelope maltose transporter, accumulates high levels of maltose and starch in chloroplasts and develops a distinctive but previously unexplained chlorotic phenotype as leaves mature.	Starch	133-139	root cap 1 (RCP1)	Arabidopsis thaliana	29-33
19946617-5	2009	The introduction of additional mutations that prevent starch synthesis, or that block maltose production from starch, also prevent chlorosis of mex1.	Starch	54-60	root cap 1 (RCP1)	Arabidopsis thaliana	144-148
19946617-5	2009	The introduction of additional mutations that prevent starch synthesis, or that block maltose production from starch, also prevent chlorosis of mex1.	Starch	110-116	root cap 1 (RCP1)	Arabidopsis thaliana	144-148
20088376-2	2009	Sh2, Bt2, Sh1, Wx1, Ae1 and Su1 involved in starch biosynthesis are important genes associated with yield and quality traits in maize breeding programs.	Starch	44-50	sucrose synthase 1	Zea mays	10-13
20088376-2	2009	Sh2, Bt2, Sh1, Wx1, Ae1 and Su1 involved in starch biosynthesis are important genes associated with yield and quality traits in maize breeding programs.	Starch	44-50	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	15-18
20088376-2	2009	Sh2, Bt2, Sh1, Wx1, Ae1 and Su1 involved in starch biosynthesis are important genes associated with yield and quality traits in maize breeding programs.	Starch	44-50	ae1 protein	Zea mays	20-23
20088376-2	2009	Sh2, Bt2, Sh1, Wx1, Ae1 and Su1 involved in starch biosynthesis are important genes associated with yield and quality traits in maize breeding programs.	Starch	44-50	isoamylase 1, chloroplastic	Zea mays	28-31
19820302-4	2009	We found accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and callose, as well as a reduction in starch granules in the gat1 root meristem.	Starch	94-100	Thioredoxin superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	117-121
19744161-7	2009	The rpi2 mutants accumulate less starch in the leaves and flower significantly later than wild-type when grown under short-day conditions.	Starch	33-39	ribose-5-phosphate isomerase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	4-8
19427418-0	2009	Encapsulation of alpha-amylase into starch-based biomaterials: an enzymatic approach to tailor their degradation rate.	Starch	36-42	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	17-30
19427418-1	2009	This paper reports the effect of alpha-amylase encapsulation on the degradation rate of a starch-based biomaterial.	Starch	90-96	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	33-46
19702647-3	2009	The PINs (PINA and PINB) are believed to act by binding to lipids on the surface of starch granules, preventing tight adhesion between starch granules and the surrounding protein matrix during seed maturation.	Starch	84-90	puroindoline b-like protein 2v1	Triticum aestivum	19-23
19702647-3	2009	The PINs (PINA and PINB) are believed to act by binding to lipids on the surface of starch granules, preventing tight adhesion between starch granules and the surrounding protein matrix during seed maturation.	Starch	135-141	puroindoline b-like protein 2v1	Triticum aestivum	19-23
18558504-4	2009	The results suggested that insulin responses may be more appropriate to define the effect of feeding different starch levels than glycaemic responses.	Starch	111-117	INS	Equus caballus	27-34
18558504-5	2009	A starch intake of &lt;1.1g/kg BW/meal produced only moderate glucose and insulin responses, even though highly processed cereals were used.	Starch	2-8	INS	Equus caballus	74-81
19570529-1	2009	The yeast Cryptococcus flavus secretes a glycosylated alpha-amylase (Amy1) when grown in a starch-containing medium.	Starch	91-97	drug-responsive transcription factor PDR1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	69-73
19664588-0	2009	Catalytically-inactive beta-amylase BAM4 required for starch breakdown in Arabidopsis leaves is a starch-binding-protein.	Starch	54-60	beta-amylase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	36-40
19664588-6	2009	These results suggest that BAM4 facilitates starch breakdown by a mechanism involving direct interaction with starch or other alpha-1,4-glucan.	Starch	44-50	beta-amylase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	27-31
19664588-6	2009	These results suggest that BAM4 facilitates starch breakdown by a mechanism involving direct interaction with starch or other alpha-1,4-glucan.	Starch	110-116	beta-amylase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	27-31
19666739-2	2009	We have recently reported that mutation of soluble starch synthase IV (SSIV) in Arabidopsis thaliana results in restriction of the number of starch granules to a single, large, particle per plastid, thereby defining an important component of the starch priming machinery.	Starch	51-57	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	58-69
19666739-2	2009	We have recently reported that mutation of soluble starch synthase IV (SSIV) in Arabidopsis thaliana results in restriction of the number of starch granules to a single, large, particle per plastid, thereby defining an important component of the starch priming machinery.	Starch	51-57	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	71-75
19666739-2	2009	We have recently reported that mutation of soluble starch synthase IV (SSIV) in Arabidopsis thaliana results in restriction of the number of starch granules to a single, large, particle per plastid, thereby defining an important component of the starch priming machinery.	Starch	141-147	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	58-69
19666739-2	2009	We have recently reported that mutation of soluble starch synthase IV (SSIV) in Arabidopsis thaliana results in restriction of the number of starch granules to a single, large, particle per plastid, thereby defining an important component of the starch priming machinery.	Starch	141-147	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	71-75
19666739-3	2009	In this work, we provide further evidence for the function of SSIV in the priming process of starch granule formation and show that SSIV is necessary and sufficient to establish the correct number of starch granules observed in wild-type chloroplasts.	Starch	93-99	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	62-66
19666739-3	2009	In this work, we provide further evidence for the function of SSIV in the priming process of starch granule formation and show that SSIV is necessary and sufficient to establish the correct number of starch granules observed in wild-type chloroplasts.	Starch	200-206	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	132-136
19666739-6	2009	Herein, we describe the substrate specificity and kinetic properties of SSIV and its subchloroplastic localization in specific regions associated with the edges of starch granules.	Starch	164-170	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	72-76
20596276-1	2009	The starch-stabilized Ag nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a reduction approach and characterized with SPR UV/Vis spectroscopy, TEM, and HRTEM.	Starch	4-10	sepiapterin reductase	Homo sapiens	117-120
19302419-8	2009	Modifications of the starch and soluble sugar content were observed in the 35S:SnRK1.1 transgenic lines.	Starch	21-27	SNF1 kinase homolog 10	Arabidopsis thaliana	79-86
19995825-10	2010	These results indicate AgpL1 and AgpS1 are involved in the promotion of starch biosynthesis under the salinity stress in ABA- and osmotic stress-independent manners.	Starch	72-78	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase large subunit	Solanum lycopersicum	23-28
19772492-1	2009	Inhibition of alpha-glucosidase and alpha-amylase delays the digestion of starch and disaccharides to absorbable monosaccharides, resulting in a reduction of postprandial hyperglycemia.	Starch	74-80	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	14-31
19722712-0	2009	Feeding rats dietary resistant starch shifts the peak of SGLT1 gene expression and histone H3 acetylation on the gene from the upper jejunum toward the ileum.	Starch	31-37	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-62
19722712-2	2009	We examined whether dietary resistant starch (RS), an autoclaved high amylose starch that is digested more slowly than regular cornstarch in the small intestine, alters SGLT1 mRNA levels along the jejunum-ileum of rats.	Starch	38-44	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	169-174
19410435-1	2009	Colloidal uncapped and starch capped CdS (SCdS) nanoparticles were prepared and interaction with bovine serum albumin (BSA) have been studied by UV-visible, FT-IR, steady state, time resolved and synchronous fluorescence spectroscopic measurements.	Starch	23-29	albumin	Homo sapiens	104-117
19794119-6	2009	Furthermore, starch-free mutants with impaired PXA1 function showed the phenotype more quickly, indicating a link between energy metabolism and beta-oxidation.	Starch	13-19	peroxisomal ABC transporter 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	47-51
19606835-0	2009	Two secondary carbohydrate binding sites on the surface of barley alpha-amylase 1 have distinct functions and display synergy in hydrolysis of starch granules.	Starch	143-149	LOC548210	Hordeum vulgare	66-81
19606835-5	2009	Compared to that of wild-type AMY1, the K(d) of starch granule binding by the SBS1 W278A, W279A, and W278A/W279A mutants thus increased 15-35 times; furthermore, the k(cat)/K(m) of W278A/W279A was 2%, whereas both affinity and activity for Y380A at SBS2 were 10% of the wild-type values.	Starch	48-54	LOC548210	Hordeum vulgare	30-34
19446425-0	2009	Sunflower-seed oil, rapidly-degradable starch, and adiposity up-regulate leptin gene expression in lactating goats.	Starch	39-45	leptin	Capra hircus	73-79
19359126-2	2009	Additionally, high starch feeding in mature horses is associated with reduced insulin sensitivity and an increased risk for diseases such as obesity and laminitis.	Starch	19-25	INS	Equus caballus	78-85
19359126-3	2009	However, no study has yet evaluated the effect of feeding a high starch diet to pregnant mares on glucose and insulin dynamics in their offspring.	Starch	65-71	INS	Equus caballus	110-117
19359126-10	2009	This study also presents the first data examining glucose and insulin dynamics in developing foals in response to maternal high starch diet.	Starch	128-134	INS	Equus caballus	62-69
19396510-1	2009	Three different amylolytic activities, designated AMY1, AMY2, and AMY3 were detected in the cytoplasm of the extreme halophilic archaeon Haloferax mediterranei grown in a starch containing medium.	Starch	171-177	drug-responsive transcription factor PDR3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	56-60
19396510-7	2009	The other activity (AMY2) was also detected in extracts from cells grown in media with glycerol instead of starch and in a yeast extract medium.	Starch	107-113	drug-responsive transcription factor PDR3	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	20-24
19211822-8	2009	SHBG concentrations were 23% lower in women with a high intake of the meat/starch pattern and a low intake of the vegetables/soy pattern than in those with a low intake of the meat/starch pattern and a high intake of the vegetables/soy pattern (P for trend = 0.069).	Starch	75-81	sex hormone binding globulin	Homo sapiens	0-4
19767896-8	2009	The identification of the rye Waxy gene will enable the manipulation of starch metabolism in rye and triticale.	Starch	72-78	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Triticum aestivum	30-34
19628104-0	2009	Consumption of the slow-digesting waxy maize starch leads to blunted plasma glucose and insulin response but does not influence energy expenditure or appetite in humans.	Starch	45-51	insulin	Homo sapiens	88-95
19628104-1	2009	Limited research in humans suggests that slowly digestible starch may blunt the postprandial increase and subsequent decline of plasma glucose and insulin concentrations, leading to prolonged energy availability and satiety, compared to more rapidly digestible starch.	Starch	59-65	insulin	Homo sapiens	147-154
19470473-0	2009	NTRC links built-in thioredoxin to light and sucrose in regulating starch synthesis in chloroplasts and amyloplasts.	Starch	67-73	NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase C	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-4
19470473-0	2009	NTRC links built-in thioredoxin to light and sucrose in regulating starch synthesis in chloroplasts and amyloplasts.	Starch	67-73	thioredoxin H-type 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	20-31
19470473-3	2009	We now report that NTRC plays a previously unrecognized role in the redox regulation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), a central enzyme of starch synthesis.	Starch	148-154	NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase C	Arabidopsis thaliana	19-23
19470473-3	2009	We now report that NTRC plays a previously unrecognized role in the redox regulation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), a central enzyme of starch synthesis.	Starch	148-154	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	88-117
19470473-3	2009	We now report that NTRC plays a previously unrecognized role in the redox regulation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), a central enzyme of starch synthesis.	Starch	148-154	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	119-125
19470473-6	2009	Leaves of an Arabidopsis NTRC KO mutant showed a decrease both in the extent of redox activation of AGPase and in the enhancement of starch synthesis either in the light (by 40-60%) or in the dark after treatment with external sucrose (by almost 100%).	Starch	133-139	NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase C	Arabidopsis thaliana	25-29
19470473-8	2009	In nonphotosynthetic tissue (roots), KO of NTRC decreased redox activation of AGPase and starch synthesis in response to light or external sucrose by almost 90%.	Starch	89-95	NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase C	Arabidopsis thaliana	43-47
19470473-9	2009	The results provide biochemical and genetic evidence for a role of NTRC in regulating starch synthesis in response to either light or sucrose.	Starch	86-92	NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase C	Arabidopsis thaliana	67-71
19470473-10	2009	The data also suggest that the Trx domain of NTRC and, to a lesser extent, free Trxs linked to ferredoxin enable amyloplasts of distant sink tissues to sense light used in photosynthesis by leaf chloroplasts and adjust heterotrophic starch synthesis accordingly.	Starch	233-239	thioredoxin H-type 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	31-34
19470473-10	2009	The data also suggest that the Trx domain of NTRC and, to a lesser extent, free Trxs linked to ferredoxin enable amyloplasts of distant sink tissues to sense light used in photosynthesis by leaf chloroplasts and adjust heterotrophic starch synthesis accordingly.	Starch	233-239	NADPH-dependent thioredoxin reductase C	Arabidopsis thaliana	45-49
19154206-0	2009	Identification of the novel protein QQS as a component of the starch metabolic network in Arabidopsis leaves.	Starch	62-68	qua-quine starch	Arabidopsis thaliana	36-39
19154206-4	2009	QQS expression, revealed through global mRNA profiling, is up-regulated in an Arabidopsis Atss3 mutant that lacks starch synthase III and has increased leaf starch content.	Starch	114-120	qua-quine starch	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-3
19154206-10	2009	Transgenic RNA interference lines in which QQS expression is reduced show excess leaf starch content at the end of the illumination phase of a diurnal cycle.	Starch	86-92	qua-quine starch	Arabidopsis thaliana	43-46
19154206-11	2009	Taken together, the data identify QQS as a potential novel regulator of starch biosynthesis.	Starch	72-78	qua-quine starch	Arabidopsis thaliana	34-37
19275898-3	2009	Differential binding of fluorescein-labelled GWD3 and GA modules to starch granules in vitro was demonstrated by confocal laser scanning microscopy and yellow fluorescent protein-tagged GWD3 CBM20 expressed in tobacco confirmed binding to starch granules in planta.	Starch	68-74	phosphoglucan, water dikinase	Arabidopsis thaliana	45-49
19275898-3	2009	Differential binding of fluorescein-labelled GWD3 and GA modules to starch granules in vitro was demonstrated by confocal laser scanning microscopy and yellow fluorescent protein-tagged GWD3 CBM20 expressed in tobacco confirmed binding to starch granules in planta.	Starch	239-245	phosphoglucan, water dikinase	Arabidopsis thaliana	45-49
19206469-3	2009	Kernels of a severe o2 mutant B46o2 also contained less starch (66.9%) than those of B46wt (73.0%).	Starch	56-62	regulatory protein opaque-2	Zea mays	20-22
19193815-0	2009	Mucosal maltase-glucoamylase plays a crucial role in starch digestion and prandial glucose homeostasis of mice.	Starch	53-59	maltase-glucoamylase	Mus musculus	8-28
19206469-7	2009	Starches of the dry-ground o2 maize and QPM were hydrolyzed faster than that of the dry-ground WT maize, resulting from the reduced protein content of the o2-maize kernels and the reduced amylose content of the B46o2 and QPM starch.	Starch	225-231	regulatory protein opaque-2	Zea mays	27-29
19206469-9	2009	These results showed that o2 maize and QPM had highly digestible starch and could be desirable for feed and ethanol production.	Starch	65-71	regulatory protein opaque-2	Zea mays	26-28
18978177-3	2009	Pretreatment and post-treatment biopsies were obtained from the tumour and colonic mucosa, and the effects of the starch treatment on cell proliferation and expression of the cell cycle regulatory genes CDK4 (cyclin-dependent kinase 4) and GADD45A (growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible, alpha) were investigated.	Starch	114-120	cyclin dependent kinase 4	Homo sapiens	203-207
19256560-12	2009	NS 1 gel was watery and had the lowest strength (30 g) among starch gel types.	Starch	61-67	WUSCHEL-related homeobox 3A	Zea mays	0-4
19091748-3	2009	When fed a control (60% starch) diet, Glut5(-/-) mice had normal blood pressure and displayed normal weight gain.	Starch	24-30	solute carrier family 2 (facilitated glucose transporter), member 5	Mus musculus	38-43
19250611-3	2009	The expression analyses of genes related to starch metabolism revealed that expression of the AGPase small subunit APS1 in the wild type was higher than in the amy1 mutant.	Starch	44-50	ATP sulfurylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	115-119
19250611-3	2009	The expression analyses of genes related to starch metabolism revealed that expression of the AGPase small subunit APS1 in the wild type was higher than in the amy1 mutant.	Starch	44-50	alpha-amylase-like protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	160-164
18977026-2	2009	OEC cultured on starch polycaprolactone fiber meshes (SPCL) in monoculture retained their endothelial functionality and responded to angiogenic stimulation by VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) in fibrin gel-assays in vitro.	Starch	16-22	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	159-163
18977026-2	2009	OEC cultured on starch polycaprolactone fiber meshes (SPCL) in monoculture retained their endothelial functionality and responded to angiogenic stimulation by VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) in fibrin gel-assays in vitro.	Starch	16-22	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	165-199
19217549-1	2009	A gene (apuA) encoding amylopullulanase from a starch-hydrolyzing lactic acid bacterium, Lactobacillus plantarum L137, which had been isolated from traditional fermented food made from fish and rice in the Philippines, was found to contain two unique amino acid repeating units in the N- and C-terminal region.	Starch	47-53	amylopullulanase	Lactobacillus plantarum	8-12
18721077-0	2009	The role of lipase and alpha-amylase in the degradation of starch/poly(epsilon-caprolactone) fiber meshes and the osteogenic differentiation of cultured marrow stromal cells.	Starch	59-65	lipase G, endothelial type	Rattus norvegicus	12-18
18721077-1	2009	The present work studies the influence of hydrolytic enzymes (alpha-amylase or lipase) on the degradation of fiber mesh scaffolds based on a blend of starch and poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (SPCL) and the osteogenic differentiation of osteogenic medium-expanded rat bone marrow stromal cells (MSCs) and subsequent formation of extracellular matrix on these scaffolds under static culture conditions.	Starch	150-156	lipase G, endothelial type	Rattus norvegicus	79-85
19136828-5	2009	In the absence of alpha-amylase, both the fall in pH and the acid production rate from cooked starch were small.	Starch	94-100	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	18-31
19136828-9	2009	For all streptococci, alpha-amylase inhibitors caused a decrease in acid production from cooked starch, although xylitol only decreased acid production by S. mutans and S. sobrinus.	Starch	96-102	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	22-35
19136828-10	2009	These results suggest that cooked starch is potentially acidogenic in the presence of alpha-amylase, which occurs in the oral cavity.	Starch	34-40	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	86-99
19211700-9	2009	Moreover, akin10 mutant plants were deficient in starch mobilization at night during inorganic phosphate starvation, and under this condition several genes were up-regulated and down-regulated, indicating their important roles in the control of general transcription.	Starch	49-55	SNF1 kinase homolog 10	Arabidopsis thaliana	10-16
19154167-1	2009	The overall objective of this research is to understand the impact of partial gelatinization and beta-amylase hydrolysis (beta-amylolysis) on the physicochemical properties of starch.	Starch	176-182	beta-amylase	Zea mays	97-109
19029881-4	2009	During the day, epigenetic repression of CCA1 and LHY induced the expression of TOC1, GI and downstream genes containing evening elements in chlorophyll and starch metabolic pathways in allotetraploids and F(1) hybrids, which produced more chlorophyll and starch than the parents in the same environment.	Starch	157-163	circadian clock associated 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	41-45
19029881-4	2009	During the day, epigenetic repression of CCA1 and LHY induced the expression of TOC1, GI and downstream genes containing evening elements in chlorophyll and starch metabolic pathways in allotetraploids and F(1) hybrids, which produced more chlorophyll and starch than the parents in the same environment.	Starch	157-163	Homeodomain-like superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	50-53
19029881-4	2009	During the day, epigenetic repression of CCA1 and LHY induced the expression of TOC1, GI and downstream genes containing evening elements in chlorophyll and starch metabolic pathways in allotetraploids and F(1) hybrids, which produced more chlorophyll and starch than the parents in the same environment.	Starch	157-163	CCT motif -containing response regulator protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	80-84
19029881-4	2009	During the day, epigenetic repression of CCA1 and LHY induced the expression of TOC1, GI and downstream genes containing evening elements in chlorophyll and starch metabolic pathways in allotetraploids and F(1) hybrids, which produced more chlorophyll and starch than the parents in the same environment.	Starch	256-262	circadian clock associated 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	41-45
19029881-4	2009	During the day, epigenetic repression of CCA1 and LHY induced the expression of TOC1, GI and downstream genes containing evening elements in chlorophyll and starch metabolic pathways in allotetraploids and F(1) hybrids, which produced more chlorophyll and starch than the parents in the same environment.	Starch	256-262	Homeodomain-like superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	50-53
19029881-4	2009	During the day, epigenetic repression of CCA1 and LHY induced the expression of TOC1, GI and downstream genes containing evening elements in chlorophyll and starch metabolic pathways in allotetraploids and F(1) hybrids, which produced more chlorophyll and starch than the parents in the same environment.	Starch	256-262	CCT motif -containing response regulator protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	80-84
19029881-5	2009	Mutations in cca1 and cca1 lhy and the daily repression of cca1 by RNA interference (RNAi) in TOC1::cca1(RNAi) transgenic plants increased the expression of downstream genes and increased chlorophyll and starch content, whereas constitutively expressing CCA1 or ectopically expressing TOC1::CCA1 had the opposite effect.	Starch	204-210	CCT motif -containing response regulator protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	94-98
19136828-0	2009	Effects of alpha-amylase and its inhibitors on acid production from cooked starch by oral streptococci.	Starch	75-81	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	11-24
19217549-1	2009	A gene (apuA) encoding amylopullulanase from a starch-hydrolyzing lactic acid bacterium, Lactobacillus plantarum L137, which had been isolated from traditional fermented food made from fish and rice in the Philippines, was found to contain two unique amino acid repeating units in the N- and C-terminal region.	Starch	47-53	amylopullulanase	Lactobacillus plantarum	23-39
19217549-8	2009	The catalytic efficiencies of ApuADelta toward soluble starch, pullulan and amylose were higher than those of ApuA, although their substrate specificities towards saccharides were similar.	Starch	55-61	amylopullulanase	Lactobacillus plantarum	30-34
19109275-7	2009	The fermentable starch challenge decreased dry matter intake by 1.9 kg/d and tended to increase milk yield compared with the dry corn diet.	Starch	16-22	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	96-100
19638673-3	2009	Wild type alleles code puroindoline a (PINA) and puroindoline b (PINB) proteins, which form a 15-kDa friabilin present on the surface of water-washed starch granules.	Starch	150-156	LOC543301	Triticum aestivum	49-63
19638673-3	2009	Wild type alleles code puroindoline a (PINA) and puroindoline b (PINB) proteins, which form a 15-kDa friabilin present on the surface of water-washed starch granules.	Starch	150-156	LOC543301	Triticum aestivum	65-69
19619014-4	2009	In vitro enzymatic degradation of maize starch granules by the three different alpha-amylase fractions began by creating small holes and crater-like areas on the surface of the granules.	Starch	40-46	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	79-92
19619014-8	2009	These data support the hypothesis that the pattern of starch degradation depends more on the granule type than on the alpha-amylase involved.	Starch	54-60	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	118-131
19109275-8	2009	However, effects of the fermentable starch challenge on yield of milk fat varied for the yeast culture and control diets; yield of milk fat decreased from 1.42 to 1.30 kg/d for the control treatment but increased from 1.40 to 1.47 kg/d for the yeast culture treatment.	Starch	36-42	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	65-69
19109275-8	2009	However, effects of the fermentable starch challenge on yield of milk fat varied for the yeast culture and control diets; yield of milk fat decreased from 1.42 to 1.30 kg/d for the control treatment but increased from 1.40 to 1.47 kg/d for the yeast culture treatment.	Starch	36-42	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	131-135
19109275-10	2009	An interaction of treatments was also detected for fat-corrected milk, which increased from 41.0 to 43.0 kg/d for the yeast culture treatment but decreased from 41.6 to 39.8 kg/d for the control diet with the fermentable starch challenge.	Starch	221-227	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	65-69
19109275-13	2009	Yeast culture supplementation may help prevent depression in milk fat during transition to a diet with highly fermentable starch, but the mechanism responsible remains to be elucidated.	Starch	122-128	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	61-65
18948970-0	2009	Dietary resistant starch increases hypothalamic POMC expression in rats.	Starch	18-24	proopiomelanocortin	Rattus norvegicus	48-52
19555369-7	2009	The response was absent in the castor myc(-) mutant, sym4-2, while transcript levels of both CASTOR and POLLUX were slightly enhanced in the wild-type L. japonicus roots, suggesting a requirement of the corresponding proteins for the starch-accumulation response.	Starch	234-240	CASTOR	Lotus japonicus	93-99
18715954-1	2009	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in starch biosynthesis in plants and changes in its catalytic and/or allosteric properties can lead to increased starch production.	Starch	75-81	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	0-29
18764922-2	2009	alpha-Glucan water dikinase (GWD) is a key enzyme that controls the phosphate content of starch.	Starch	89-95	glucan water dikinase	Solanum lycopersicum	0-27
18764922-2	2009	alpha-Glucan water dikinase (GWD) is a key enzyme that controls the phosphate content of starch.	Starch	89-95	glucan water dikinase	Solanum lycopersicum	29-32
18715954-1	2009	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in starch biosynthesis in plants and changes in its catalytic and/or allosteric properties can lead to increased starch production.	Starch	75-81	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	31-37
18764922-10	2009	Moreover, pollen germination could be restored, and the starch excess phenotype could be abolished in lines expressing the potato GWD homolog (StGWD) under a pollen-specific promoter.	Starch	56-62	alpha-glucan water dikinase, chloroplastic	Solanum tuberosum	130-133
18715954-1	2009	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in starch biosynthesis in plants and changes in its catalytic and/or allosteric properties can lead to increased starch production.	Starch	185-191	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	0-29
18715954-1	2009	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in starch biosynthesis in plants and changes in its catalytic and/or allosteric properties can lead to increased starch production.	Starch	185-191	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	31-37
18951906-1	2008	Human salivary alpha-amylase (HSAmy) has three distinct functions relevant to oral health: (1) hydrolysis of starch, (2) binding to hydroxyapatite (HA), and (3) binding to bacteria (e.g., viridans streptococci).	Starch	109-115	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	6-28
19141707-4	2009	A putative protein phosphatase encoded at the Starch Excess 4 (SEX4) locus of Arabidopsis thaliana was recently shown to be required for normal starch breakdown.	Starch	46-52	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	63-67
19141707-4	2009	A putative protein phosphatase encoded at the Starch Excess 4 (SEX4) locus of Arabidopsis thaliana was recently shown to be required for normal starch breakdown.	Starch	144-150	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	63-67
19141707-5	2009	Here, we show that SEX4 is a phosphoglucan phosphatase in vivo and define its role within the starch degradation pathway.	Starch	94-100	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	19-23
19141707-6	2009	SEX4 dephosphorylates both the starch granule surface and soluble phosphoglucans in vitro, and sex4 null mutants accumulate phosphorylated intermediates of starch breakdown.	Starch	31-37	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-4
19141707-6	2009	SEX4 dephosphorylates both the starch granule surface and soluble phosphoglucans in vitro, and sex4 null mutants accumulate phosphorylated intermediates of starch breakdown.	Starch	156-162	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	95-99
19261219-6	2009	The high-starch diet significantly increased plasma insulin but not glucagon concentration, whereas high dietary leucine increased plasma glucagon but not insulin.	Starch	9-15	insulin	Homo sapiens	52-59
19261219-8	2009	The high-starch diet, which was associated with a high plasma insulin : glucagon ratio, had adverse effects on oocyte quality that were avoided when leucine intake was increased.	Starch	9-15	insulin	Homo sapiens	62-69
19074683-3	2008	Quadruple mutants lacking all four DBE proteins (Isoamylase1 [ISA1], ISA2, and ISA3, and Limit-Dextrinase) are devoid of starch granules and instead accumulate highly branched glucans, distinct from amylopectin and from previously described phytoglycogen.	Starch	121-127	isoamylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	49-60
18975962-3	2008	Malto-oligosaccharides were prepared by subjecting starch to alpha-amylase and beta-amylase followed by ultrafiltration to enrich alpha-1,6-glucosidic linkages.	Starch	51-57	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	61-74
18975963-2	2008	The starch was enzymatically treated in the granular state with a mixture of fungal alpha-amylase and glucoamylase at 35 degrees C for 16 h and then chemically modified to produce enzyme-hydrolyzed-hydroxypropyl (HP) starch.	Starch	4-10	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	84-97
18635412-1	2008	This work describes the development of a biodegradable matrix, based on chitosan and starch, with the ability to form a porous structure in situ due to the attack by specific enzymes present in the human body (alpha-amylase and lysozyme).	Starch	85-91	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	228-236
19074683-7	2008	The additional loss of the chloroplastic alpha-amylase AMY3 partially reverts the phenotype of the quadruple DBE mutant, restoring starch granule biosynthesis.	Starch	131-137	alpha-amylase-like 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	55-59
18469063-12	2008	The data suggest that starch has less of an effect on the cat postprandial glucose and insulin responses than on those of dogs and humans.	Starch	22-28	insulin	Canis lupus familiaris	87-94
18796545-0	2008	Dietary resistant starch upregulates total GLP-1 and PYY in a sustained day-long manner through fermentation in rodents.	Starch	18-24	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	43-48
18796545-0	2008	Dietary resistant starch upregulates total GLP-1 and PYY in a sustained day-long manner through fermentation in rodents.	Starch	18-24	peptide YY	Rattus norvegicus	53-56
18796545-2	2008	We have shown that dietary-resistant starch (RS) increased GLP-1 and PYY secretion, but the mechanism remains unknown.	Starch	37-43	glucagon	Rattus norvegicus	59-64
18796545-2	2008	We have shown that dietary-resistant starch (RS) increased GLP-1 and PYY secretion, but the mechanism remains unknown.	Starch	37-43	peptide YY	Rattus norvegicus	69-72
18801762-8	2008	The overall data (i) show that potato plants possess a plastidial ASPP that has access to ADPG linked to starch biosynthesis and (ii) are consistent with the occurrence of plastidic and cytosolic pools of ADPG linked to starch biosynthesis.	Starch	105-111	nudix hydrolase 14, chloroplastic-like	Solanum tuberosum	66-70
18801762-8	2008	The overall data (i) show that potato plants possess a plastidial ASPP that has access to ADPG linked to starch biosynthesis and (ii) are consistent with the occurrence of plastidic and cytosolic pools of ADPG linked to starch biosynthesis.	Starch	220-226	nudix hydrolase 14, chloroplastic-like	Solanum tuberosum	66-70
18832203-7	2008	Plasma insulin-to-glucagon ratio increased with increasing dietary starch and decreasing dietary fat concentrations, reaching a break point at 159 g of starch, 43 g of fat/kg of DM (diets 1 to 5: mean 3.86, 3.78, 3.59, 2.98, 2.06 +/- standard error 0.22).	Starch	67-73	insulin	Bos taurus	7-14
18832204-3	2008	Previous work demonstrated that plasma insulin increased with increasing dietary starch and decreasing dietary fatty acid concentrations.	Starch	81-87	insulin	Bos taurus	39-46
18564385-6	2008	Atbt1 RNAi dosage mutants show substantially retarded growth, adenylate levels similar to those of wild-type plants, increased glutamine contents and unchanged starch levels.	Starch	160-166	Mitochondrial substrate carrier family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-5
18722623-2	2008	Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC, also known as GPC) of native starch generally suffers non-satisfactory repeatability and reproducibility of the dissolution and separation.	Starch	65-71	glycophorin C (Gerbich blood group)	Homo sapiens	50-53
18768081-6	2008	Acid phosphatase locus 1 and adenosine deaminase locus 1 phenotypes were determined by starch gel electrophoresis and correlation analysis was performed by SPSS programs.	Starch	87-93	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	29-48
22443826-10	2008	However, when heifers were offered two meals per day, plasma insulin concentration increased after feeding the starch-based, but not the fibre-based diet.	Starch	111-117	insulin	Bos taurus	61-68
18562187-7	2008	The high bulk and tap densities of PS coupled with their good flowability offer a unique possibility of the starches being used as filler in capsule formulations.	Starch	108-116	nuclear RNA export factor 1	Homo sapiens	18-21
18946123-2	2008	Plasma insulin concentrations influence resumption of ovarian activity in postpartum dairy cows, and plasma insulin can be manipulated by changing dietary starch and fat supply.	Starch	155-161	insulin	Bos taurus	108-115
18815382-4	2008	While the starch content strongly increased in the isa3-1 pu1-1 double mutant, the latter decreased by over 98% in the isa1-1 isa3-1 genotype and almost vanished in triple mutant combination.	Starch	10-16	isoamylase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	51-55
18815382-4	2008	While the starch content strongly increased in the isa3-1 pu1-1 double mutant, the latter decreased by over 98% in the isa1-1 isa3-1 genotype and almost vanished in triple mutant combination.	Starch	10-16	limit dextrinase	Arabidopsis thaliana	58-61
18815382-5	2008	In addition, whereas the isa3-1 pu1-1 double mutant synthesizes starch very similar to that of the wild type, the structure of the residual starch present either in isa1-1 isa3-1 or in isa1-1 isa3-1 pu1-1 combination is deeply affected.	Starch	64-70	isoamylase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	25-29
18815382-5	2008	In addition, whereas the isa3-1 pu1-1 double mutant synthesizes starch very similar to that of the wild type, the structure of the residual starch present either in isa1-1 isa3-1 or in isa1-1 isa3-1 pu1-1 combination is deeply affected.	Starch	64-70	limit dextrinase	Arabidopsis thaliana	32-35
18815382-5	2008	In addition, whereas the isa3-1 pu1-1 double mutant synthesizes starch very similar to that of the wild type, the structure of the residual starch present either in isa1-1 isa3-1 or in isa1-1 isa3-1 pu1-1 combination is deeply affected.	Starch	140-146	isoamylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	165-169
18815382-5	2008	In addition, whereas the isa3-1 pu1-1 double mutant synthesizes starch very similar to that of the wild type, the structure of the residual starch present either in isa1-1 isa3-1 or in isa1-1 isa3-1 pu1-1 combination is deeply affected.	Starch	140-146	isoamylase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	172-176
18815382-5	2008	In addition, whereas the isa3-1 pu1-1 double mutant synthesizes starch very similar to that of the wild type, the structure of the residual starch present either in isa1-1 isa3-1 or in isa1-1 isa3-1 pu1-1 combination is deeply affected.	Starch	140-146	isoamylase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	172-176
18815382-7	2008	Taken together, these results show that in addition to its established function in polysaccharide degradation, the activity of ISA3 is partially redundant to that of ISA1 for starch synthesis.	Starch	175-181	isoamylase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	127-131
18815382-7	2008	Taken together, these results show that in addition to its established function in polysaccharide degradation, the activity of ISA3 is partially redundant to that of ISA1 for starch synthesis.	Starch	175-181	isoamylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	166-170
19704419-5	2008	The importance of starch synthesis was further shown using the Atss1 mutant line.	Starch	18-24	Glycogen/starch synthases, ADP-glucose type	Arabidopsis thaliana	63-68
18689518-2	2008	ApuB is composed of a distinct N-terminally located alpha-amylase-containing domain which hydrolyzes alpha-1,4-glucosidic linkages in starch and related polysaccharides and a C-terminally located pullulanase-containing domain which hydrolyzes alpha-1,6 linkages in pullulan, allowing the classification of this enzyme as a bifunctional class II pullulanase.	Starch	134-140	BBR_RS11815	Bifidobacterium breve UCC2003	52-65
18926491-5	2008	Detailed proteomic analysis of metabolism shows an upsurge of the pyruvate-Pi-dikinase (PPDK) in the late filing period (21 DAP onwards) that is interpreted as a switch in the starch/protein balance.	Starch	176-182	pyruvate, phosphate dikinase 1, chloroplastic	Zea mays	66-86
18926491-5	2008	Detailed proteomic analysis of metabolism shows an upsurge of the pyruvate-Pi-dikinase (PPDK) in the late filing period (21 DAP onwards) that is interpreted as a switch in the starch/protein balance.	Starch	176-182	pyruvate, phosphate dikinase 1, chloroplastic	Zea mays	88-92
18926491-7	2008	It is substantiated by the data on the Opaque-2 gene encoding a transcription factor with pleiotropic effect affecting lysine content and carbohydrate metabolism, thus acting indirectly on starch/amino acid ratio.	Starch	189-195	regulatory protein opaque-2	Zea mays	39-47
18650401-8	2008	Mutant plants expressing AtSUC2 cDNA from CmGAS1p had intermediate growth and accumulated sugar and starch, but otherwise they had normal morphology.	Starch	100-106	sucrose-proton symporter 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	25-31
18650401-8	2008	Mutant plants expressing AtSUC2 cDNA from CmGAS1p had intermediate growth and accumulated sugar and starch, but otherwise they had normal morphology.	Starch	100-106	galactinol synthase 2	Cucumis melo	42-49
18685191-0	2008	Dietary resistant starch reduces levels of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide mRNA along the jejunum-ileum in both normal and type 2 diabetic rats.	Starch	18-24	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	43-87
18685191-2	2008	In this study, we revealed that feeding rats with dietary resistant starch reduced the GIP mRNA levels along the entire length of the jejunoileum in both Wistar and type 2 diabetic GK rats.	Starch	68-74	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Rattus norvegicus	87-90
18344420-1	2008	Sucrose synthase (Sus; EC 2.4.1.13) is a key enzyme of sucrose metabolism in plant cells, providing carbon for respiration and for the synthesis of cell wall polymers and starch.	Starch	171-177	sucrose synthase	Nicotiana tabacum	0-16
18344420-1	2008	Sucrose synthase (Sus; EC 2.4.1.13) is a key enzyme of sucrose metabolism in plant cells, providing carbon for respiration and for the synthesis of cell wall polymers and starch.	Starch	171-177	sucrose synthase	Nicotiana tabacum	18-21
18452589-3	2008	Here we report the characterization of a novel Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, sweetie, with drastically altered morphogenesis, and a strongly modified carbohydrate metabolism leading to elevated levels of trehalose, trehalose-6-phosphate and starch.	Starch	240-246	HEAT repeat-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	76-83
18826381-9	2008	Ninety-eight transcripts were upregulated at least twofold in the submandibular gland compared with the parotid gland, including the chloride channel CFTR and mucin-associated genes that belong to the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway (GalNAc-T4, GalNAc-T7 and GalNAc-T13).	Starch	201-207	CF transmembrane conductance regulator	Homo sapiens	150-154
18826381-9	2008	Ninety-eight transcripts were upregulated at least twofold in the submandibular gland compared with the parotid gland, including the chloride channel CFTR and mucin-associated genes that belong to the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway (GalNAc-T4, GalNAc-T7 and GalNAc-T13).	Starch	201-207	LOC100508689	Homo sapiens	159-164
18826381-9	2008	Ninety-eight transcripts were upregulated at least twofold in the submandibular gland compared with the parotid gland, including the chloride channel CFTR and mucin-associated genes that belong to the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway (GalNAc-T4, GalNAc-T7 and GalNAc-T13).	Starch	201-207	polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 4	Homo sapiens	240-249
18826381-9	2008	Ninety-eight transcripts were upregulated at least twofold in the submandibular gland compared with the parotid gland, including the chloride channel CFTR and mucin-associated genes that belong to the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway (GalNAc-T4, GalNAc-T7 and GalNAc-T13).	Starch	201-207	polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 7	Homo sapiens	251-260
18826381-9	2008	Ninety-eight transcripts were upregulated at least twofold in the submandibular gland compared with the parotid gland, including the chloride channel CFTR and mucin-associated genes that belong to the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway (GalNAc-T4, GalNAc-T7 and GalNAc-T13).	Starch	201-207	polypeptide N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase 13	Homo sapiens	265-275
18452589-9	2008	We suggest that SWEETIE plays an important regulatory function that influences multiple metabolic, hormonal and stress-related pathways, leading to altered gene expression and pronounced changes in the accumulation of sugar, starch and ethylene.	Starch	225-231	HEAT repeat-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	16-23
18616834-5	2008	We tested experimentally the hypothesis that one of the genes tightly co-expressed with starch metabolism module, a putative kinase AtPERK10, will have a role in this process.	Starch	88-94	proline-rich extensin-like receptor kinase 10	Arabidopsis thaliana	132-140
18616834-6	2008	Indeed, knockout lines of AtPERK10 have an altered starch accumulation.	Starch	51-57	proline-rich extensin-like receptor kinase 10	Arabidopsis thaliana	26-34
18439774-0	2008	Concanavalin A layered calcium alginate-starch beads immobilized beta galactosidase as a therapeutic agent for lactose intolerant patients.	Starch	40-46	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	65-83
18439774-1	2008	A novel therapeutic agent in the form of beta galactosidase immobilized on the surface of concanavalin A layered calcium alginate-starch beads has been developed.	Starch	130-136	galactosidase beta 1	Homo sapiens	41-59
18377232-8	2008	We also summarize recent evidence that extends the Fdx/Trx system to amyloplasts-heterotrophic plastids functional in the biosynthesis of starch and other cell components.	Starch	138-144	ferredoxin 1	Homo sapiens	51-54
18377232-8	2008	We also summarize recent evidence that extends the Fdx/Trx system to amyloplasts-heterotrophic plastids functional in the biosynthesis of starch and other cell components.	Starch	138-144	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	55-58
18308502-9	2008	Increased plasma GIP concentration was associated with increased ME supply on day 7 of casein and starch infusion.	Starch	98-104	gastric inhibitory polypeptide	Bos taurus	17-20
18480378-7	2008	DNA microarrays revealed that decreased expression of apyrase leads to increased levels of transcripts coding for cell wall proteins involved in growth and genes involved in energy transfer and starch synthesis.	Starch	194-200	apyrase	Solanum tuberosum	54-61
18287491-1	2008	During the cloning of monogenic recessive mutations responsible for a defective kernel phenotype in a Mutator-induced Zea mays mutant collection, we isolated a new mutant allele in Brittle2 (Bt2), which codes for the small subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), a key enzyme in starch synthesis.	Starch	290-296	Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase small subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic/cytosolic	Zea mays	181-189
18577015-11	2008	The SEM of different samples shows that enrichment of pasta with MPI increases the matrix around starch granules.	Starch	97-103	mannose phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	65-68
18356321-0	2008	Luminal starch substrate "brake" on maltase-glucoamylase activity is located within the glucoamylase subunit.	Starch	8-14	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	36-56
18356321-1	2008	The detailed mechanistic aspects for the final starch digestion process leading to effective alpha-glucogenesis by the 2 mucosal alpha-glucosidases, human sucrase-isomaltase complex (SI) and human maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM), are poorly understood.	Starch	47-53	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	197-217
18356321-1	2008	The detailed mechanistic aspects for the final starch digestion process leading to effective alpha-glucogenesis by the 2 mucosal alpha-glucosidases, human sucrase-isomaltase complex (SI) and human maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM), are poorly understood.	Starch	47-53	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	219-223
18507803-9	2008	Starch content and a ratio of carbon to nitrogen were higher in aox1a than in WT.	Starch	0-6	alternative oxidase 1A	Arabidopsis thaliana	64-69
18295464-0	2008	Effective insulin delivery using starch nanoparticles as a potential trans-nasal mucoadhesive carrier.	Starch	33-39	insulin	Homo sapiens	10-17
18295464-9	2008	The release rate and higher associated surface area might work in tandem, and could be greatly amplified when combined with permeation enhancers to make starch NPs an efficient trans-nasal mucoadhesive carrier of insulin.	Starch	153-159	insulin	Homo sapiens	213-220
18577015-11	2008	The SEM of different samples shows that enrichment of pasta with MPI increases the matrix around starch granules.	Starch	97-103	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	54-59
18259878-0	2008	Altered gravitropic response, amyloplast sedimentation and circumnutation in the Arabidopsis shoot gravitropism 5 mutant are associated with reduced starch levels.	Starch	149-155	C2H2-like zinc finger protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	93-113
18259878-5	2008	This is correlated with lower amyloplast starch levels, which may account for the reduced gravitropic sensitivity in sgr5.	Starch	41-47	C2H2-like zinc finger protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	117-121
18259878-7	2008	adg1-1 and sex1-1 mutants, which contain no starch or increased starch, respectively, also show alterations in the amplitude and period of circumnutation.	Starch	44-50	ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-6
18259878-7	2008	adg1-1 and sex1-1 mutants, which contain no starch or increased starch, respectively, also show alterations in the amplitude and period of circumnutation.	Starch	44-50	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	11-17
18259878-7	2008	adg1-1 and sex1-1 mutants, which contain no starch or increased starch, respectively, also show alterations in the amplitude and period of circumnutation.	Starch	64-70	ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-6
18259878-7	2008	adg1-1 and sex1-1 mutants, which contain no starch or increased starch, respectively, also show alterations in the amplitude and period of circumnutation.	Starch	64-70	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	11-17
18259878-9	2008	Overall, we propose that loss of SGR5 regulatory activity affects starch accumulation in Arabidopsis shoot tissues and causes decreased sensitivity to gravity and diminished circumnutational movements.	Starch	66-72	C2H2-like zinc finger protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	33-37
18287491-1	2008	During the cloning of monogenic recessive mutations responsible for a defective kernel phenotype in a Mutator-induced Zea mays mutant collection, we isolated a new mutant allele in Brittle2 (Bt2), which codes for the small subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), a key enzyme in starch synthesis.	Starch	290-296	Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase small subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic/cytosolic	Zea mays	191-194
18157676-3	2008	The Waxy (Wx) gene product controls the formation of a straight chain polymer of amylose in the starch pathway.	Starch	96-102	granule-bound starch synthase	Setaria italica	4-8
18390594-8	2008	The bam3 mutant had elevated starch levels and lower nighttime maltose levels than the wild type, whereas bam1 did not.	Starch	29-35	Leucine-rich receptor-like protein kinase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	4-8
18390594-10	2008	Surprisingly, bam4 mutants had elevated starch levels.	Starch	40-46	beta-amylase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	14-18
18390594-11	2008	Introduction of the bam4 mutation into the bam3 and bam1 bam3 backgrounds further elevated the starch levels in both cases.	Starch	95-101	beta-amylase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	20-24
18390594-11	2008	Introduction of the bam4 mutation into the bam3 and bam1 bam3 backgrounds further elevated the starch levels in both cases.	Starch	95-101	Leucine-rich receptor-like protein kinase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	43-47
18390594-11	2008	Introduction of the bam4 mutation into the bam3 and bam1 bam3 backgrounds further elevated the starch levels in both cases.	Starch	95-101	beta-amylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	52-56
18390594-11	2008	Introduction of the bam4 mutation into the bam3 and bam1 bam3 backgrounds further elevated the starch levels in both cases.	Starch	95-101	Leucine-rich receptor-like protein kinase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	57-61
18321380-2	2008	However, starch content and tuber yield were dramatically reduced in the transgenic plants, which over-expressed dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR).	Starch	9-15	dihydroflavonol-4-reductase	Solanum tuberosum	113-138
18321380-2	2008	However, starch content and tuber yield were dramatically reduced in the transgenic plants, which over-expressed dihydroflavonol reductase (DFR).	Starch	9-15	dihydroflavonol-4-reductase	Solanum tuberosum	140-143
18157676-3	2008	The Waxy (Wx) gene product controls the formation of a straight chain polymer of amylose in the starch pathway.	Starch	96-102	granule-bound starch synthase	Setaria italica	10-12
18817143-4	2008	An isolate SS2, selected from a fermented star fruit beverage, survived in the human biological barriers (0.15 and 0.30% bile salt, pH values between 3-8, presence or absence of oxygen), resistance to some antibiotics in general use and showed other benefits to the host (antibacterial activity, utilizations of protein and starch).	Starch	324-330	butyrophilin like 2	Homo sapiens	11-14
18218972-3	2008	tie-dyed2 (tdy2) is a recessive mutant of maize (Zea mays) with variegated, nonclonal, chlorotic leaf sectors containing excess starch and soluble sugars.	Starch	128-134	callose synthase	Zea mays	0-9
18218972-3	2008	tie-dyed2 (tdy2) is a recessive mutant of maize (Zea mays) with variegated, nonclonal, chlorotic leaf sectors containing excess starch and soluble sugars.	Starch	128-134	callose synthase	Zea mays	11-15
17611089-0	2008	The addition of calcium ions to starch/Carbopol mixtures enhances the nasal bioavailability of insulin.	Starch	32-38	insulin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	95-102
17611089-4	2008	Addition of Ca(OH)(2) to aqueous dispersions containing starch/poly(acrylic acid) yielded powders with an enhanced absorption of insulin after nasal delivery to rabbits in comparison with the equivalent powder without Ca(OH)(2).	Starch	56-62	insulin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	129-136
18250591-0	2008	[Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) using degradable starch microspheres (DSM) (DSM-TACE) for primary and metastatic liver neuroendocrine tumors from gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors].	Starch	66-72	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17	Homo sapiens	43-47
18505045-5	2008	ACP1 phenotype was determined by starch gel electrophoresis on RBC hemolysate and by DNA analysis.	Starch	33-39	acid phosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
18250591-0	2008	[Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) using degradable starch microspheres (DSM) (DSM-TACE) for primary and metastatic liver neuroendocrine tumors from gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors].	Starch	66-72	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17	Homo sapiens	97-101
18036614-1	2008	Human maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM) is one of the two enzymes responsible for catalyzing the last glucose-releasing step in starch digestion.	Starch	122-128	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	6-26
17924136-1	2008	tie-dyed1 (tdy1) and sucrose export defective1 (sxd1) are recessive maize (Zea mays) mutants with nonclonal chlorotic leaf sectors that hyperaccumulate starch and soluble sugars.	Starch	152-158	predicted GPI-anchored protein 58	Zea mays	0-9
17924136-1	2008	tie-dyed1 (tdy1) and sucrose export defective1 (sxd1) are recessive maize (Zea mays) mutants with nonclonal chlorotic leaf sectors that hyperaccumulate starch and soluble sugars.	Starch	152-158	predicted GPI-anchored protein 58	Zea mays	11-15
17924136-1	2008	tie-dyed1 (tdy1) and sucrose export defective1 (sxd1) are recessive maize (Zea mays) mutants with nonclonal chlorotic leaf sectors that hyperaccumulate starch and soluble sugars.	Starch	152-158	tocopherol cyclase, chloroplastic	Zea mays	48-52
19841661-2	2008	Employing this method we have established the importance of the SUSIBA2 transcription factor for regulation of starch synthesis in barley endosperm, and arrived at a model for the role of the SUSIBAs in sugar signaling and source-sink commutation during cereal endosperm development.	Starch	111-117	Sugar signaling in barley 2	Hordeum vulgare	64-71
18819155-2	2008	More recently, it has been suggested that starch is a safe and cheaper choice to human albumin.	Starch	42-48	albumin	Homo sapiens	87-94
18036614-1	2008	Human maltase-glucoamylase (MGAM) is one of the two enzymes responsible for catalyzing the last glucose-releasing step in starch digestion.	Starch	122-128	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	28-32
18062884-9	2007	RESULTS: After the total RNA isolated from the starch stimulated BALB/c mouse PBMC, 843 bp IL-1beta gene in length was prepared by RT-PCR.	Starch	47-53	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	91-99
18252705-0	2008	Decreased expression of plastidial adenylate kinase in potato tubers results in an enhanced rate of respiration and a stimulation of starch synthesis that is attributable to post-translational redox-activation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase.	Starch	133-139	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	213-242
18252705-5	2008	Increased rates of starch synthesis were accompanied by post-translational redox-activation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), catalysing the key regulatory step of starch synthesis in the plastid, while there were no substantial changes in metabolic intermediates or sugar levels.	Starch	19-25	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	95-124
18252705-5	2008	Increased rates of starch synthesis were accompanied by post-translational redox-activation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), catalysing the key regulatory step of starch synthesis in the plastid, while there were no substantial changes in metabolic intermediates or sugar levels.	Starch	19-25	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	126-132
18252705-5	2008	Increased rates of starch synthesis were accompanied by post-translational redox-activation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), catalysing the key regulatory step of starch synthesis in the plastid, while there were no substantial changes in metabolic intermediates or sugar levels.	Starch	173-179	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	95-124
18252705-5	2008	Increased rates of starch synthesis were accompanied by post-translational redox-activation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), catalysing the key regulatory step of starch synthesis in the plastid, while there were no substantial changes in metabolic intermediates or sugar levels.	Starch	173-179	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	126-132
17981987-8	2008	Mutations in class I genes (AtTPS1-AtTPS4) indicate a role in regulating starch storage, resistance to drought, and inflorescence architecture.	Starch	73-79	trehalose-6-phosphate synthase	Arabidopsis thaliana	28-34
17981987-8	2008	Mutations in class I genes (AtTPS1-AtTPS4) indicate a role in regulating starch storage, resistance to drought, and inflorescence architecture.	Starch	73-79	trehalose-6-phosphatase synthase S4	Arabidopsis thaliana	35-41
19023424-6	2008	In vitro analysis revealed that the recombinant form of SAP is able to degrade alpha-glucan polysaccharides, such as pullulan, glycogen and starch.	Starch	140-146	SH2 domain containing 1A	Homo sapiens	56-59
17765880-1	2007	In maize, three isoforms of starch-branching enzyme, SBEI, SBEIIa, and SBEIIb, are encoded by the Sbe1a, Sbe2a, and Amylose extender (Ae) genes, respectively.	Starch	28-34	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic-like	Zea mays	105-110
17891388-0	2007	Direct production of L-lysine from raw corn starch by Corynebacterium glutamicum secreting Streptococcus bovis alpha-amylase using cspB promoter and signal sequence.	Starch	44-50	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	111-124
17891388-6	2007	The alpha-amylase activity using raw corn starch was more than 2.5 times higher than that using glucose as the sole carbon source during L-lysine fermentation.	Starch	42-48	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	4-17
17927693-6	2007	Expression of PHR1 in the phr1 mutant rescues the responsiveness to P-starvation and leads to WT levels of sugars and starch during Pi starvation conditions, confirming the involvement of PHR1 in adjusting carbon metabolism.	Starch	118-124	photolyase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	14-18
17927693-6	2007	Expression of PHR1 in the phr1 mutant rescues the responsiveness to P-starvation and leads to WT levels of sugars and starch during Pi starvation conditions, confirming the involvement of PHR1 in adjusting carbon metabolism.	Starch	118-124	photolyase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	26-30
18034751-3	2007	Generally, NSP addition was found to increase the cooking losses, and reduce the protein and starch contents of the pasta.	Starch	93-99	sperm antigen with calponin homology and coiled-coil domains 1	Homo sapiens	11-14
18034751-3	2007	Generally, NSP addition was found to increase the cooking losses, and reduce the protein and starch contents of the pasta.	Starch	93-99	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	116-121
18318124-1	2007	Maltase-glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase are two human glycosidases responsible for starch digestion.	Starch	87-93	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	0-20
18635527-8	2008	Co-localization of SUS protein and starch grains in the seed coat at 3 and 10 daf indicates that SUS may be involved in temporary starch deposition during the early stages of seed development, whilst in the later stages SUS metabolizes sucrose in the embryo and cotyledon.	Starch	35-41	sucrose synthase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	97-100
18635527-8	2008	Co-localization of SUS protein and starch grains in the seed coat at 3 and 10 daf indicates that SUS may be involved in temporary starch deposition during the early stages of seed development, whilst in the later stages SUS metabolizes sucrose in the embryo and cotyledon.	Starch	35-41	sucrose synthase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	97-100
18635527-8	2008	Co-localization of SUS protein and starch grains in the seed coat at 3 and 10 daf indicates that SUS may be involved in temporary starch deposition during the early stages of seed development, whilst in the later stages SUS metabolizes sucrose in the embryo and cotyledon.	Starch	130-136	sucrose synthase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	97-100
18635527-8	2008	Co-localization of SUS protein and starch grains in the seed coat at 3 and 10 daf indicates that SUS may be involved in temporary starch deposition during the early stages of seed development, whilst in the later stages SUS metabolizes sucrose in the embryo and cotyledon.	Starch	130-136	sucrose synthase 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	97-100
18318124-1	2007	Maltase-glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase are two human glycosidases responsible for starch digestion.	Starch	87-93	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	25-43
17707339-1	2007	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) catalyzes the first committed step of starch synthesis in plants.	Starch	77-83	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	0-29
17707339-1	2007	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) catalyzes the first committed step of starch synthesis in plants.	Starch	77-83	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	31-37
17911426-6	2007	Diagnosis of B27 disease can lead to early treatment, involving low-starch diet, sulfasalazine, and immunosuppressive and biological agents so as to prevent the irreversible bony changes of established classical AS.	Starch	68-74	melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein	Homo sapiens	13-16
17127052-0	2007	Production of ethanol from starch by free and immobilized Candida tropicalis in the presence of alpha-amylase.	Starch	27-33	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	96-109
17828263-4	2007	We found that copy number of the salivary amylase gene (AMY1) is correlated positively with salivary amylase protein level and that individuals from populations with high-starch diets have, on average, more AMY1 copies than those with traditionally low-starch diets.	Starch	171-177	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	56-60
17828263-4	2007	We found that copy number of the salivary amylase gene (AMY1) is correlated positively with salivary amylase protein level and that individuals from populations with high-starch diets have, on average, more AMY1 copies than those with traditionally low-starch diets.	Starch	253-259	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	56-60
17652359-5	2007	Gust KO mice preferred starch to Polycose, whereas WT mice had the opposite preference.	Starch	23-29	glucuronidase, beta	Mus musculus	0-4
17127052-2	2007	To enhance this carbon source utilization and increase the rate of alcohol production, we pretreated corn soluble starch with alpha-amylase.	Starch	114-120	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	126-139
17127052-4	2007	Indeed, in the presence of exogenous alpha-amylase, 9% (w/v) soluble starch was converted to 43.1g ethanol/l in 65 h with a productivity of 0.65 g/l h. Thus, bio-ethanol production using free and calcium alginate-immobilized C. tropicalis does not require the saccharification step.	Starch	69-75	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	37-50
17932462-12	2007	Apoptosis (p &lt; 0.01) was also enhanced while PCNA labelling index was reduced (p &lt; 0.01) in the distal colon with resistant starch feeding.	Starch	130-136	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Rattus norvegicus	48-52
17598127-11	2007	An inverse relationship between the abundance of GRF9 transcripts and accumulation of starch in transgenic lines over-expressing this gene provided further evidence towards the role of GRF9 in modulation of metabolic pathways during Pi-starvation responses.	Starch	86-92	general regulatory factor 9	Arabidopsis thaliana	49-53
17598127-11	2007	An inverse relationship between the abundance of GRF9 transcripts and accumulation of starch in transgenic lines over-expressing this gene provided further evidence towards the role of GRF9 in modulation of metabolic pathways during Pi-starvation responses.	Starch	86-92	general regulatory factor 9	Arabidopsis thaliana	185-189
17660352-5	2007	mRNA levels of NtAGP, ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase activity, and starch content in the sepal tissues of NtAGP-antisense plants were reduced, resulting in significantly lower levels of sugars (sucrose, glucose, and fructose) in the petal limbs.	Starch	66-72	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase small subunit, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Nicotiana tabacum	105-110
17846820-1	2007	Two types of gene encoding small subunits (SSU) of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, a starch-biosynthetic enzyme, have been found in cereals and other grasses.	Starch	84-90	ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit, chloroplastic	Zea mays	43-46
17562699-13	2007	The expression of ZmBT1 is restricted to endosperm tissues during starch synthesis, whereas a recently identified BT1 maize homologue, the ZmBT1-2, exhibits a ubiquitous expression pattern in hetero- and autotrophic tissues indicating different physiological roles for both maize BT1 isoforms.	Starch	66-72	adenine nucleotide transporter BT1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic/mitochondrial	Zea mays	18-23
17562699-13	2007	The expression of ZmBT1 is restricted to endosperm tissues during starch synthesis, whereas a recently identified BT1 maize homologue, the ZmBT1-2, exhibits a ubiquitous expression pattern in hetero- and autotrophic tissues indicating different physiological roles for both maize BT1 isoforms.	Starch	66-72	adenine nucleotide transporter BT1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic/mitochondrial	Zea mays	20-23
17562699-16	2007	The first group comprises BT1 orthologues restricted to cereals where they mediate the ADP-Glc transport into cereal endosperm storage plastids during starch synthesis.	Starch	151-157	adenine nucleotide transporter BT1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic/mitochondrial	Zea mays	26-29
17693536-3	2007	Light-grown hsr8 plants exhibited increased starch and anthocyanin and reduced chlorophyll content in response to glucose treatment.	Starch	44-50	NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-fold superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	12-16
17585022-16	2007	Maltase-glucoamylase determined rates of digestion of starch in normal mice and alpha-amylase served as an amplifier for mucosal starch digestion.	Starch	54-60	maltase-glucoamylase	Mus musculus	0-20
17516072-7	2007	Analysis of GUS activity during the fruit development and seed germination suggested that Zpu1 promoter is active both in starch anabolism and in starch catabolism, which is consistent with the function of the endogenous gene in maize.	Starch	122-128	pullulanase-type starch debranching enzyme 1	Zea mays	90-94
17516072-7	2007	Analysis of GUS activity during the fruit development and seed germination suggested that Zpu1 promoter is active both in starch anabolism and in starch catabolism, which is consistent with the function of the endogenous gene in maize.	Starch	146-152	pullulanase-type starch debranching enzyme 1	Zea mays	90-94
17516072-8	2007	GUS activity in leaves under light and darkness confirmed that Zpu1 promoter functions in the starch degradation of photosynthetic tissues in the dark phase of the diurnal cycle.	Starch	94-100	pullulanase-type starch debranching enzyme 1	Zea mays	63-67
17671505-8	2007	Significantly, double kin10 kin11 deficiency abrogates the transcriptional switch in darkness and stress signalling, and impairs starch mobilization at night and growth.	Starch	129-135	SNF1 kinase homolog 10	Arabidopsis thaliana	22-27
17671505-8	2007	Significantly, double kin10 kin11 deficiency abrogates the transcriptional switch in darkness and stress signalling, and impairs starch mobilization at night and growth.	Starch	129-135	SNF1 kinase homolog 11	Arabidopsis thaliana	28-33
17505783-4	2007	These two recombinant yeast strains expressing the GAM1 gene and AMY gene, respectively were cultured simultaneously to produce both glucoamylase and alpha-amylase for efficient one-step utilization of starch.	Starch	202-208	SWI/SNF catalytic subunit SNF2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	51-55
17646401-6	2007	Furthermore, we show that the kingdom Plantae, which lacks laforin, possesses a protein with laforin-like properties called starch excess 4 (SEX4).	Starch	124-130	EPM2A glucan phosphatase, laforin	Homo sapiens	59-66
17646401-6	2007	Furthermore, we show that the kingdom Plantae, which lacks laforin, possesses a protein with laforin-like properties called starch excess 4 (SEX4).	Starch	124-130	EPM2A glucan phosphatase, laforin	Homo sapiens	93-100
17646401-6	2007	Furthermore, we show that the kingdom Plantae, which lacks laforin, possesses a protein with laforin-like properties called starch excess 4 (SEX4).	Starch	124-130	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	141-145
17646401-7	2007	Mutations in the Arabidopsis thaliana SEX4 gene results in a starch excess phenotype reminiscent of LD.	Starch	61-67	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	38-42
17592362-6	2007	Recombinant human pancreatic alpha-amylase alone contributed &lt;15% of in vitro alpha-glucogenesis; however, alpha-amylase strongly amplified the mucosal alpha-glucogenic activities by preprocessing of starch to short glucose oligomer substrates.	Starch	203-209	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	18-42
17592362-10	2007	CONCLUSIONS: MGAM primes and SI activity sustains and constrains prandial alpha-glucogenesis from starch oligomers at approximately 5% of the uninhibited rate.	Starch	98-104	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	13-17
17660352-8	2007	These results demonstrate that NtAGP plays a crucial role in the morphogenesis of petal limbs in "Xanthi" through the synthesis of starch, which is the main carbohydrate source for expansion growth of petal limbs, in sepal tissues.	Starch	131-137	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase small subunit, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Nicotiana tabacum	31-36
17049282-1	2007	An apple starch-branching enzyme SbeI gene (GenBank Accession No.	Starch	9-15	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Malus domestica	33-37
17485087-0	2007	Evidence of native starch degradation with human small intestinal maltase-glucoamylase (recombinant).	Starch	19-25	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	66-86
17524440-6	2007	Mung bean alpha-amylase showed high specificity for its primary substrate starch.	Starch	74-80	alpha-amylase	Vigna radiata	10-23
21636428-3	2007	Thus, we have studied the sex1 (starch excess) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, which accumulates extra starch because it is defective in a protein involved in the regulation of starch mobilization.	Starch	32-38	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	26-30
17712947-0	2007	[Effects of resistant starch, fat and protein on rates of starch hydrolysis in vitro].	Starch	58-64	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	30-33
17712947-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of resistant starch, fat, and protein on rates of starch hydrolysis in vitro.	Starch	85-91	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	56-59
17712947-6	2007	CONCLUSION: The addition of RS and fat could significantly decrease the hydrolysis rates of starch.	Starch	92-98	FAT atypical cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	35-38
17188347-2	2007	Amylose and phosphate levels in the starches were specifically engineered by antisense suppression of the granule bound starch synthase (GBSS) and the glucan water dikinase (GWD), respectively.	Starch	36-44	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	106-135
17188347-2	2007	Amylose and phosphate levels in the starches were specifically engineered by antisense suppression of the granule bound starch synthase (GBSS) and the glucan water dikinase (GWD), respectively.	Starch	36-44	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	137-141
21636428-3	2007	Thus, we have studied the sex1 (starch excess) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, which accumulates extra starch because it is defective in a protein involved in the regulation of starch mobilization.	Starch	103-109	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	26-30
21636428-3	2007	Thus, we have studied the sex1 (starch excess) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, which accumulates extra starch because it is defective in a protein involved in the regulation of starch mobilization.	Starch	103-109	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	26-30
21636428-4	2007	Compared to the wild type (WT), sex1 seedlings contained excess starch in cotyledons, hypocotyls, the root-hypocotyl transition zone, the body of the root, root hairs, and in peripheral rootcap cells.	Starch	64-70	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	32-36
16944199-0	2007	The cyclic nucleotide-gated calmodulin-binding channel AtCNGC10 localizes to the plasma membrane and influences numerous growth responses and starch accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana.	Starch	142-148	cyclic nucleotide gated channel 10	Arabidopsis thaliana	55-63
17324226-4	2007	Two independent T-DNA insertion mutants in AMY1 lacked an amylase band on starch zymograms, which was previously named "A1".	Starch	74-80	alpha-amylase-like protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	43-47
17195036-8	2007	Furthermore, TMAC2-overexpressing plants exhibited the short roots, late flowering and starch-excess phenotypes.	Starch	87-93	AFP2 (ABI five-binding protein 2) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	13-18
17195036-9	2007	RT-PCR analysis showed that decreased expression of two floral- and one starch degradation-related genes, SOC1/AGL20 and SEP3/AGL9, and SEX1, respectively, may lead to altered phenotypes of TMAC2-overexpressing plants.	Starch	72-78	AGAMOUS-like 20	Arabidopsis thaliana	106-110
17195036-9	2007	RT-PCR analysis showed that decreased expression of two floral- and one starch degradation-related genes, SOC1/AGL20 and SEP3/AGL9, and SEX1, respectively, may lead to altered phenotypes of TMAC2-overexpressing plants.	Starch	72-78	AGAMOUS-like 20	Arabidopsis thaliana	111-116
17195036-9	2007	RT-PCR analysis showed that decreased expression of two floral- and one starch degradation-related genes, SOC1/AGL20 and SEP3/AGL9, and SEX1, respectively, may lead to altered phenotypes of TMAC2-overexpressing plants.	Starch	72-78	K-box region and MADS-box transcription factor family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	121-125
17195036-9	2007	RT-PCR analysis showed that decreased expression of two floral- and one starch degradation-related genes, SOC1/AGL20 and SEP3/AGL9, and SEX1, respectively, may lead to altered phenotypes of TMAC2-overexpressing plants.	Starch	72-78	K-box region and MADS-box transcription factor family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	126-130
17195036-9	2007	RT-PCR analysis showed that decreased expression of two floral- and one starch degradation-related genes, SOC1/AGL20 and SEP3/AGL9, and SEX1, respectively, may lead to altered phenotypes of TMAC2-overexpressing plants.	Starch	72-78	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	136-140
17195036-9	2007	RT-PCR analysis showed that decreased expression of two floral- and one starch degradation-related genes, SOC1/AGL20 and SEP3/AGL9, and SEX1, respectively, may lead to altered phenotypes of TMAC2-overexpressing plants.	Starch	72-78	AFP2 (ABI five-binding protein 2) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	190-195
17605234-0	2007	[Effects of resistant starch on insulin resistance of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients].	Starch	22-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	32-39
17605234-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of resistant starch (RS) on insulin resistance (IR) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.	Starch	47-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	62-69
17164794-3	2007	Several polymorphic isoforms named SAHH-1 to 4 may be resolved by horizontal starch gel electrophoresis from red blood cells.	Starch	77-83	adenosylhomocysteinase	Homo sapiens	35-39
17450864-6	2007	DSC and TGA analyses revealed significant effects of CdS nanoparticles on the thermal properties of the starch matrix.	Starch	104-110	T-box transcription factor 1	Homo sapiens	8-11
17021802-1	2007	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) is the rate-limiting step in seed starch biosynthesis.	Starch	70-76	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase small subunit, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Triticum aestivum	0-29
17021802-1	2007	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) is the rate-limiting step in seed starch biosynthesis.	Starch	70-76	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase small subunit, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Triticum aestivum	31-34
17039369-1	2007	This study investigates whether it is possible to produce an amylose-free potato starch by displacing the amylose enzyme, granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI), from the starch granule by engineered, high-affinity, multiple-repeat family 20 starch-binding domains (SBD2, SBD3, SBD4, and SBD5).	Starch	81-87	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	122-153
17039369-1	2007	This study investigates whether it is possible to produce an amylose-free potato starch by displacing the amylose enzyme, granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI), from the starch granule by engineered, high-affinity, multiple-repeat family 20 starch-binding domains (SBD2, SBD3, SBD4, and SBD5).	Starch	81-87	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	155-160
17039369-1	2007	This study investigates whether it is possible to produce an amylose-free potato starch by displacing the amylose enzyme, granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI), from the starch granule by engineered, high-affinity, multiple-repeat family 20 starch-binding domains (SBD2, SBD3, SBD4, and SBD5).	Starch	136-142	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	155-160
17031512-0	2007	ABI4 mediates the effects of exogenous trehalose on Arabidopsis growth and starch breakdown.	Starch	75-81	Integrase-type DNA-binding superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-4
17031512-2	2007	Arabidopsis seedlings grown on trehalose-containing medium without sucrose display increased expression of the starch synthesis gene ApL3, hyper-accumulation of starch in the cotyledons and inhibition of root growth.	Starch	111-117	Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	133-137
17031512-2	2007	Arabidopsis seedlings grown on trehalose-containing medium without sucrose display increased expression of the starch synthesis gene ApL3, hyper-accumulation of starch in the cotyledons and inhibition of root growth.	Starch	161-167	Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	133-137
17031512-3	2007	Here we show that the ABI4 transcription factor mediates the effects of trehalose on starch metabolism and growth, independently of abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis and hexokinase (HXK1) signaling.	Starch	85-91	Integrase-type DNA-binding superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	22-26
17031512-6	2007	The expression of genes involved in starch breakdown, such as SEX1 and the beta-amylase gene BMY8/BAM3, was strongly down-regulated in WT plants grown on trehalose but not in abi4 mutants.	Starch	36-42	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	62-66
17031512-6	2007	The expression of genes involved in starch breakdown, such as SEX1 and the beta-amylase gene BMY8/BAM3, was strongly down-regulated in WT plants grown on trehalose but not in abi4 mutants.	Starch	36-42	chloroplast beta-amylase	Arabidopsis thaliana	93-97
17031512-6	2007	The expression of genes involved in starch breakdown, such as SEX1 and the beta-amylase gene BMY8/BAM3, was strongly down-regulated in WT plants grown on trehalose but not in abi4 mutants.	Starch	36-42	Leucine-rich receptor-like protein kinase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	98-102
17031512-6	2007	The expression of genes involved in starch breakdown, such as SEX1 and the beta-amylase gene BMY8/BAM3, was strongly down-regulated in WT plants grown on trehalose but not in abi4 mutants.	Starch	36-42	Integrase-type DNA-binding superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	175-179
17132742-5	2006	Transgenic plants with suppressed sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase compensated by accumulating sucrose and starch in leaves, and morning and midday net carbon assimilation rates were significantly lower.	Starch	109-115	NADP-dependent D-sorbitol-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Malus domestica	34-68
17217470-0	2007	The phenotype of soluble starch synthase IV defective mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana suggests a novel function of elongation enzymes in the control of starch granule formation.	Starch	25-31	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	32-43
17217470-7	2007	We speculate therefore that SSIV could be selectively involved in the priming of starch granule formation.	Starch	81-87	starch synthase 4	Arabidopsis thaliana	28-32
17098455-9	2007	Substrate specificity for MG4 and MG6 indicated that the two enzymes are maltase-glucoamylases because they catalysed the hydrolysis of maltose and starch with alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6 glycosidic bonds, but not sucrose with alpha-1,2 glycosidic bond which was hydrolyzed by sucrase-isomaltase.	Starch	148-154	sucrase-isomaltase, intestinal	Camelus bactrianus	273-291
17890231-2	2007	DBEs function in both biosynthesis and degradation of starch, and two have been shown to function as multimers in various quarternary structures that can contain one or more DBE proteins, i.e. ISA1 homomultimers and ISA1/ISA2 heteromultimers.	Starch	54-60	isoamylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	193-197
17890231-2	2007	DBEs function in both biosynthesis and degradation of starch, and two have been shown to function as multimers in various quarternary structures that can contain one or more DBE proteins, i.e. ISA1 homomultimers and ISA1/ISA2 heteromultimers.	Starch	54-60	isoamylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	216-220
17890231-2	2007	DBEs function in both biosynthesis and degradation of starch, and two have been shown to function as multimers in various quarternary structures that can contain one or more DBE proteins, i.e. ISA1 homomultimers and ISA1/ISA2 heteromultimers.	Starch	54-60	debranching enzyme 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	221-225
17890231-4	2007	The results reveal complementary sets of expression patterns, in particular that AtISA1 (known to be involved in starch biosynthesis) and AtISA2 (a non-catalytic polypeptide) are co-expressed in some conditions in the absence of AtISA3 (known to be involved in starch degradation), whereas in other conditions AtISA2 is co-expressed with AtISA3 in the absence of AtISA1 (AtISA2 and AtISA3, but not AtISA1, are co-expressed specially in root columella cells and leaf hydathodes).	Starch	113-119	isoamylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	81-87
17890231-4	2007	The results reveal complementary sets of expression patterns, in particular that AtISA1 (known to be involved in starch biosynthesis) and AtISA2 (a non-catalytic polypeptide) are co-expressed in some conditions in the absence of AtISA3 (known to be involved in starch degradation), whereas in other conditions AtISA2 is co-expressed with AtISA3 in the absence of AtISA1 (AtISA2 and AtISA3, but not AtISA1, are co-expressed specially in root columella cells and leaf hydathodes).	Starch	113-119	debranching enzyme 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	138-144
17890231-4	2007	The results reveal complementary sets of expression patterns, in particular that AtISA1 (known to be involved in starch biosynthesis) and AtISA2 (a non-catalytic polypeptide) are co-expressed in some conditions in the absence of AtISA3 (known to be involved in starch degradation), whereas in other conditions AtISA2 is co-expressed with AtISA3 in the absence of AtISA1 (AtISA2 and AtISA3, but not AtISA1, are co-expressed specially in root columella cells and leaf hydathodes).	Starch	261-267	isoamylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	81-87
17890231-4	2007	The results reveal complementary sets of expression patterns, in particular that AtISA1 (known to be involved in starch biosynthesis) and AtISA2 (a non-catalytic polypeptide) are co-expressed in some conditions in the absence of AtISA3 (known to be involved in starch degradation), whereas in other conditions AtISA2 is co-expressed with AtISA3 in the absence of AtISA1 (AtISA2 and AtISA3, but not AtISA1, are co-expressed specially in root columella cells and leaf hydathodes).	Starch	261-267	debranching enzyme 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	138-144
17890231-5	2007	Thus, AtISA2 may function in starch degradation, in addition to its role in starch biosynthesis.	Starch	29-35	debranching enzyme 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	6-12
17890231-5	2007	Thus, AtISA2 may function in starch degradation, in addition to its role in starch biosynthesis.	Starch	76-82	debranching enzyme 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	6-12
17890231-6	2007	AtISA3 and several other potential regulatory genes, starch metabolic genes, and transcription factors, are specifically induced during cold acclimation; these transcription factors are candidates for involvement of cold-induced changes in starch metabolism.	Starch	53-59	isoamylase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-6
17304849-5	2006	The main monomer gradients of PBS, such as starch and ethylene, could all be utilized as carbon source by denitrifiers.	Starch	43-49	translocator protein	Homo sapiens	30-33
17036261-11	2006	CONCLUSIONS: The two in vitro digestion methods used attacked the starch molecules differently, which influenced starch digestibility of HAM but not of RTmd.	Starch	66-72	dull endosperm 1	Zea mays	137-140
17036261-11	2006	CONCLUSIONS: The two in vitro digestion methods used attacked the starch molecules differently, which influenced starch digestibility of HAM but not of RTmd.	Starch	113-119	dull endosperm 1	Zea mays	137-140
17071639-5	2006	Yellow tdy1 sectors accumulate excessive soluble sugars and starch, whereas green sectors appear unaffected.	Starch	60-66	predicted GPI-anchored protein 58	Zea mays	7-11
16770584-1	2006	Tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) harboring the allele for the AGPase large subunit (AgpL1) derived from the wild species Solanum habrochaites (AgpL1 ( H )) are characterized by higher AGPase activity and increased starch content in the immature fruit, as well as higher soluble solids in the mature fruit following the breakdown of the transient starch, as compared to fruits from plants harboring the cultivated tomato allele (AgpL1 ( E )).	Starch	218-224	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase large subunit	Solanum lycopersicum	88-93
16426776-8	2006	Leptin concentrations were unaffected by alterations in the composition of the diet, whereas IGF-1 concentrations were higher in gilts fed the starch diet compared to the M control (159+/-9.52 versus 127+/-7.65 ng/ml; P&lt;0.05).	Starch	143-149	IGF1	Sus scrofa	93-98
17212114-0	2006	[A case of diffuse invasive hepatocellular carcinoma associated with thrombosis of the main trunk of the portal vein in which hepatic transcatheter arterial chemoembolization concomitant to the use of degradable starch microspheres (DSM-TACE) was very effective].	Starch	212-218	ADAM metallopeptidase domain 17	Homo sapiens	237-241
16896794-3	2006	In the Arabidopsis mutant shrunken seed 1 (sse1)/pex16, a reduced rate of fatty acid synthesis leads to starch accumulation.	Starch	104-110	shrunken seed protein (SSE1)	Arabidopsis thaliana	43-47
16896794-3	2006	In the Arabidopsis mutant shrunken seed 1 (sse1)/pex16, a reduced rate of fatty acid synthesis leads to starch accumulation.	Starch	104-110	shrunken seed protein (SSE1)	Arabidopsis thaliana	49-54
16896794-8	2006	To convert the excess carbon metabolites into starch, we introduced the Escherichia coli starch synthetic enzyme ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) into sse1 seeds.	Starch	46-52	shrunken seed protein (SSE1)	Arabidopsis thaliana	157-161
16896794-8	2006	To convert the excess carbon metabolites into starch, we introduced the Escherichia coli starch synthetic enzyme ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) into sse1 seeds.	Starch	89-95	shrunken seed protein (SSE1)	Arabidopsis thaliana	157-161
16770584-1	2006	Tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) harboring the allele for the AGPase large subunit (AgpL1) derived from the wild species Solanum habrochaites (AgpL1 ( H )) are characterized by higher AGPase activity and increased starch content in the immature fruit, as well as higher soluble solids in the mature fruit following the breakdown of the transient starch, as compared to fruits from plants harboring the cultivated tomato allele (AgpL1 ( E )).	Starch	218-224	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase large subunit	Solanum lycopersicum	147-152
16770584-1	2006	Tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) harboring the allele for the AGPase large subunit (AgpL1) derived from the wild species Solanum habrochaites (AgpL1 ( H )) are characterized by higher AGPase activity and increased starch content in the immature fruit, as well as higher soluble solids in the mature fruit following the breakdown of the transient starch, as compared to fruits from plants harboring the cultivated tomato allele (AgpL1 ( E )).	Starch	218-224	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase large subunit	Solanum lycopersicum	147-152
16770584-1	2006	Tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) harboring the allele for the AGPase large subunit (AgpL1) derived from the wild species Solanum habrochaites (AgpL1 ( H )) are characterized by higher AGPase activity and increased starch content in the immature fruit, as well as higher soluble solids in the mature fruit following the breakdown of the transient starch, as compared to fruits from plants harboring the cultivated tomato allele (AgpL1 ( E )).	Starch	350-356	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase large subunit	Solanum lycopersicum	88-93
16770584-1	2006	Tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) harboring the allele for the AGPase large subunit (AgpL1) derived from the wild species Solanum habrochaites (AgpL1 ( H )) are characterized by higher AGPase activity and increased starch content in the immature fruit, as well as higher soluble solids in the mature fruit following the breakdown of the transient starch, as compared to fruits from plants harboring the cultivated tomato allele (AgpL1 ( E )).	Starch	350-356	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase large subunit	Solanum lycopersicum	147-152
16770584-1	2006	Tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) harboring the allele for the AGPase large subunit (AgpL1) derived from the wild species Solanum habrochaites (AgpL1 ( H )) are characterized by higher AGPase activity and increased starch content in the immature fruit, as well as higher soluble solids in the mature fruit following the breakdown of the transient starch, as compared to fruits from plants harboring the cultivated tomato allele (AgpL1 ( E )).	Starch	350-356	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase large subunit	Solanum lycopersicum	147-152
16965366-6	2006	SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This work contributes to the elucidation of the roles of the AGT1 permease and nutrients in the fermentation of all sugars present in starch hydrolysates, a highly desirable trait for several industrial yeasts.	Starch	172-178	alpha-glucoside permease	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	99-103
16988815-9	2006	Total Triton X-114 extractable PINA and PINB increased from 2.5 to 5.5 times those from a soft wheat reference sample, and friabilin, PINA and PINB bound to starch, increased from 3.8 to 7.8 times those of the soft wheat reference.	Starch	157-163	puroindoline b-like protein 2v1	Triticum aestivum	143-147
16988815-11	2006	Starch bound PINB in transgenic lines also increased from 0.9 to 2.5 times that for the soft wheat reference sample.	Starch	0-6	puroindoline b-like protein 2v1	Triticum aestivum	13-17
17190105-4	2006	The mRNA level of LPH as well as lactase activity significantly decreased in rats fed the low-starch diet as compared to those fed the high-starch diet.	Starch	94-100	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	18-21
17190105-4	2006	The mRNA level of LPH as well as lactase activity significantly decreased in rats fed the low-starch diet as compared to those fed the high-starch diet.	Starch	94-100	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	33-40
17190105-4	2006	The mRNA level of LPH as well as lactase activity significantly decreased in rats fed the low-starch diet as compared to those fed the high-starch diet.	Starch	140-146	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	18-21
17190105-4	2006	The mRNA level of LPH as well as lactase activity significantly decreased in rats fed the low-starch diet as compared to those fed the high-starch diet.	Starch	140-146	lactase	Rattus norvegicus	33-40
17028209-1	2006	Three genes, BE1, BE2, and BE3, which potentially encode isoforms of starch branching enzymes, have been found in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana.	Starch	69-75	Alpha amylase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	13-16
17012603-5	2006	Compared with the wild type, vte1 and vte2 had reduced rates of photoassimilate export as early as 6 h into low-temperature treatment, increased soluble sugar levels by 60 h, and increased starch and reduced photosynthetic electron transport rate by 14 d. The rapid reduction in photoassimilate export in vte2 coincides with callose deposition exclusively in phloem parenchyma transfer cell walls adjacent to the companion cell/sieve element complex.	Starch	189-195	tocopherol cyclase, chloroplast / vitamin E deficient 1 (VTE1) / sucrose export defective 1 (SXD1)	Arabidopsis thaliana	29-33
17012603-5	2006	Compared with the wild type, vte1 and vte2 had reduced rates of photoassimilate export as early as 6 h into low-temperature treatment, increased soluble sugar levels by 60 h, and increased starch and reduced photosynthetic electron transport rate by 14 d. The rapid reduction in photoassimilate export in vte2 coincides with callose deposition exclusively in phloem parenchyma transfer cell walls adjacent to the companion cell/sieve element complex.	Starch	189-195	homogentisate phytyltransferase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	38-42
16624372-4	2006	This differential effect of sulfide on alpha-glucosidase and beta-glucosidase activities is highlighted and is of crucial consequence to the respective degradation and utilization of starch and cellulose substrates in natural anaerobic environments and anaerobic bioreactors specifically designed for the accelerated digestion of wastewater sludge under biosulfidogenic conditions.	Starch	183-189	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	39-56
16844835-0	2006	Circadian clock regulation of starch metabolism establishes GBSSI as a major contributor to amylopectin synthesis in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.	Starch	30-36	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	60-65
16844835-6	2006	A point mutation in the GBSSI gene that prevents extension of amylopectin chains, but retains the enzyme"s normal ability to extend maltooligosaccharides, abolishes the function of GBSSI both in amylopectin and amylose synthesis and leads to a decrease in starch content in oscillating cultures.	Starch	256-262	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	24-29
16844835-6	2006	A point mutation in the GBSSI gene that prevents extension of amylopectin chains, but retains the enzyme"s normal ability to extend maltooligosaccharides, abolishes the function of GBSSI both in amylopectin and amylose synthesis and leads to a decrease in starch content in oscillating cultures.	Starch	256-262	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	181-186
16849253-2	2006	In this work, we prepared polymer-coated starch/bovine serum albumin (BSA) microspheres using co-axial electrohydrodynamic atomization (CEHDA).	Starch	41-47	albumin	Homo sapiens	55-68
16581150-7	2006	The alpha-amylase hydrolyzed soluble starch at 80 degrees Celsius, with a K(m) of 3.05mgml(-1) and a V(max) of 7.35Uml(-1).	Starch	37-43	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	4-17
17028209-1	2006	Three genes, BE1, BE2, and BE3, which potentially encode isoforms of starch branching enzymes, have been found in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana.	Starch	69-75	debranching enzyme 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	18-21
17028209-1	2006	Three genes, BE1, BE2, and BE3, which potentially encode isoforms of starch branching enzymes, have been found in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana.	Starch	69-75	starch branching enzyme 2.1	Arabidopsis thaliana	27-30
17028209-6	2006	However, starch synthesis was abolished in be2 be3, while high levels of alpha-maltose were assayed in the cytosol.	Starch	9-15	debranching enzyme 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	43-46
17028209-6	2006	However, starch synthesis was abolished in be2 be3, while high levels of alpha-maltose were assayed in the cytosol.	Starch	9-15	starch branching enzyme 2.1	Arabidopsis thaliana	47-50
17028209-7	2006	This result indicates that the functions of both BE2 and BE3, which belong to class II starch branching enzymes, are largely redundant in Arabidopsis.	Starch	87-93	debranching enzyme 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	49-52
17028209-7	2006	This result indicates that the functions of both BE2 and BE3, which belong to class II starch branching enzymes, are largely redundant in Arabidopsis.	Starch	87-93	starch branching enzyme 2.1	Arabidopsis thaliana	57-60
16885131-0	2006	The stability of insulin in solid formulations containing melezitose and starch.	Starch	73-79	insulin	Homo sapiens	17-24
16698902-5	2006	Mature TR-BAMY was a monomer of 60 kD, hydrolyzing soluble starch with optimal activity between pH 6.0 and 8.0.	Starch	59-65	beta-amylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	7-14
16772509-7	2006	Specific quantitative characterization of insulin resistance is essential toward identifying the following: 1) ponies in need of special management to avoid laminitis, and 2) potential management strategies to avoid laminitis by increasing insulin sensitivity, including reducing obesity, increasing exercise, and moderating dietary carbohydrates, particularly starch.	Starch	361-367	insulin	Homo sapiens	42-49
16698902-11	2006	TR-BAMY may be the only beta-amylase of nonphotosynthetic plastids suggesting a redox regulation of starch metabolism in these organelles.	Starch	100-106	beta-amylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-7
16698902-12	2006	In leaves, where chloroplast-targeted beta-amylase is involved in physiological degradation of starch in the dark, TR-BAMY is proposed to participate to a redox-regulated pathway of starch degradation under specific stress conditions.	Starch	95-101	beta-amylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	115-122
16698902-12	2006	In leaves, where chloroplast-targeted beta-amylase is involved in physiological degradation of starch in the dark, TR-BAMY is proposed to participate to a redox-regulated pathway of starch degradation under specific stress conditions.	Starch	182-188	beta-amylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	115-122
16817895-2	2006	Maltase-glucoamylase (MGA), a family 31 glycoside hydrolase, is an alpha-glucosidase anchored in the membrane of small intestinal epithelial cells responsible for the final step of mammalian starch digestion leading to the release of glucose.	Starch	191-197	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	0-20
16568252-5	2006	Here we show that the transcriptional activator Mss11p, which has previously been shown to be involved in the regulation of starch degradation, the formation of pseudohyphae and haploid invasive growth, also acts as a strong inducer of flocculation.	Starch	124-130	Mss11p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	48-54
17177806-6	2006	Northern analyses of genes encoding sucrose synthase and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, two key enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathway from sucrose to starch, showed that the expression of both was increased in tubers of the transgenic lines compared with the wild-type.	Starch	157-163	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	57-86
16772378-4	2006	We now report evidence that a dual-specificity protein phosphatase, DSP4, binds to starch granules during the day and dissociates at night.	Starch	83-89	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	68-72
16772378-5	2006	Disruption of the DSP4 gene resulted in a dramatic increase in the level of starch in mutant Arabidopsis plants.	Starch	76-82	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	18-22
16772378-7	2006	Two regulatory factors linked to light (i.e., pH and redox status) changed both the activity and the starch-binding capacity of DSP4.	Starch	101-107	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	128-132
16772378-9	2006	Our study suggests that DSP4 acts as a bridge between light-induced redox changes and protein phosphorylation in the regulation of starch accumulation.	Starch	131-137	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	24-28
16817895-2	2006	Maltase-glucoamylase (MGA), a family 31 glycoside hydrolase, is an alpha-glucosidase anchored in the membrane of small intestinal epithelial cells responsible for the final step of mammalian starch digestion leading to the release of glucose.	Starch	191-197	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	22-25
16817895-2	2006	Maltase-glucoamylase (MGA), a family 31 glycoside hydrolase, is an alpha-glucosidase anchored in the membrane of small intestinal epithelial cells responsible for the final step of mammalian starch digestion leading to the release of glucose.	Starch	191-197	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	67-84
16677122-15	2006	Prelaminitic metabolic syndrome identifies ponies requiring special management, such as avoiding high starch intake that exacerbates insulin resistance.	Starch	102-108	insulin	Homo sapiens	133-140
16702313-7	2006	GLP-1 concentrations increased significantly from 180 to 300 min after ingestion of UCCS, the starch product with a high content of slowly available glucose.	Starch	94-100	glucagon	Homo sapiens	0-5
19127729-8	2006	These results suggest that use of F405Y MTSase might result in a higher yield of trehalose production from starch when it replaces wild-type MTSase.	Starch	107-113	IS110 family transposase	Saccharolobus solfataricus	40-46
19127729-8	2006	These results suggest that use of F405Y MTSase might result in a higher yield of trehalose production from starch when it replaces wild-type MTSase.	Starch	107-113	IS110 family transposase	Saccharolobus solfataricus	141-147
16640603-1	2006	The recently characterized cytosolic transglucosidase DPE2 (EC 2.4.1.25) is essential for the cytosolic metabolism of maltose, an intermediate on the pathway by which starch is converted to sucrose at night.	Starch	167-173	disproportionating enzyme 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	54-58
16644623-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: Consumption of a meal high in resistant starch or soluble fiber (beta-glucan) decreases peak insulin and glucose concentrations and areas under the curve (AUCs).	Starch	51-57	insulin	Homo sapiens	104-111
16513634-2	2006	sex4 (starch excess 4) mutants, which have strongly reduced rates of starch metabolism, lack a protein predicted to be a dual specificity protein phosphatase.	Starch	6-12	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-4
16540158-6	2006	Based on anthropologic facts, the reason for these dietary-induced, insulin-mediated, atherogenic metabolic perturbations are suggested to be an insufficient adaptation to starch and sugars during human evolution.	Starch	172-178	insulin	Homo sapiens	68-75
16495218-6	2006	Here, we present evidence that the debranching enzyme isoamylase 3 (ISA3) acts at the surface of the starch granule.	Starch	101-107	isoamylase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	54-66
16495218-6	2006	Here, we present evidence that the debranching enzyme isoamylase 3 (ISA3) acts at the surface of the starch granule.	Starch	101-107	isoamylase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	68-72
16495218-10	2006	To understand how some starch is still degraded in Atisa3 mutants we eliminated a second debranching enzyme, limit dextrinase (pullulanase-type).	Starch	23-29	isoamylase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	51-57
16495218-12	2006	However, the Atisa3/Atlda double mutant has a more severe starch-excess phenotype and a slower rate of starch breakdown than Atisa3 single mutants.	Starch	58-64	isoamylase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	13-19
16495218-12	2006	However, the Atisa3/Atlda double mutant has a more severe starch-excess phenotype and a slower rate of starch breakdown than Atisa3 single mutants.	Starch	103-109	isoamylase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	13-19
16741270-4	2006	We further examined the regulation of PYY and proglucagon mRNA by a diet containing fermentation-resistant starch (in vivo) and butyrate (in vitro).	Starch	107-113	peptide YY	Rattus norvegicus	38-41
16741270-8	2006	Also, PYY and proglucagon mRNA expression were up-regulated in the cecum and colon in resistant-starch-fed rats.	Starch	96-102	peptide YY	Rattus norvegicus	6-9
16553896-0	2006	Delayed embryo development in the ARABIDOPSIS TREHALOSE-6-PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE 1 mutant is associated with altered cell wall structure, decreased cell division and starch accumulation.	Starch	162-168	trehalose-6-phosphate synthase	Arabidopsis thaliana	46-78
16553896-6	2006	The transcriptome of tps1 embryos shows a coordinate downregulation of genes involved in starch and sucrose degradation.	Starch	89-95	trehalose-6-phosphate synthase	Arabidopsis thaliana	21-25
16537443-3	2006	Suppression of SBEIIb expression alone had no effect on amylose content; however, suppression of both SBEIIa and SBEIIb expression resulted in starch containing &gt;70% amylose.	Starch	143-149	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Triticum aestivum	113-119
16513634-2	2006	sex4 (starch excess 4) mutants, which have strongly reduced rates of starch metabolism, lack a protein predicted to be a dual specificity protein phosphatase.	Starch	69-75	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-4
16415064-7	2006	These data indicated that the enhancement of either a &gt;1.7-fold increase of FBPase or a 1.3-fold increase of SBPase in the chloroplasts had a marked positive effect on photosynthesis, that SBPase is the most important factor for the RuBP regeneration in the Calvin cycle and that FBPase contributes to the partitioning of the fixed carbon for RuBP regeneration or starch synthesis.	Starch	367-373	fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase, cytosolic-like	Nicotiana tabacum	79-85
16481623-3	2006	The current study extends regulation by Trx to amyloplasts, organelles prevalent in heterotrophic plant tissues that, among other biosynthetic activities, catalyze the synthesis and storage of copious amounts of starch.	Starch	212-218	thioredoxin H4-2	Triticum aestivum	40-43
16403494-7	2006	AMY1-SBD showed a 2-fold increased activity for soluble starch at low (0.5%) but not at high (1%) concentration.	Starch	56-62	LOC548210	Hordeum vulgare	0-4
16125815-4	2006	In four starch-fed MBRs, the bacterial community substantially increased its alpha-glucosidase affinity (&gt;1000-fold), while the leucine aminopeptidase and heptanoate esterase affinities increased slightly (&lt;40-fold) or remained relatively constant.	Starch	8-14	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	77-94
16125815-4	2006	In four starch-fed MBRs, the bacterial community substantially increased its alpha-glucosidase affinity (&gt;1000-fold), while the leucine aminopeptidase and heptanoate esterase affinities increased slightly (&lt;40-fold) or remained relatively constant.	Starch	8-14	carboxypeptidase Q	Homo sapiens	139-153
16511271-1	2006	Human salivary alpha-amylase (HSA) is a major secretory protein component of saliva and has important biological functions, including the initial digestion of starch.	Starch	159-165	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	6-28
16511271-1	2006	Human salivary alpha-amylase (HSA) is a major secretory protein component of saliva and has important biological functions, including the initial digestion of starch.	Starch	159-165	albumin	Homo sapiens	30-33
16403494-9	2006	Remarkably, at low concentration (2 nM), AMY1-SBD hydrolysed barley starch granules 15-fold faster than rAMY1, while higher amounts of AMY-SBD caused molecular overcrowding of the starch granule surface.	Starch	68-74	LOC548210	Hordeum vulgare	41-45
16403494-9	2006	Remarkably, at low concentration (2 nM), AMY1-SBD hydrolysed barley starch granules 15-fold faster than rAMY1, while higher amounts of AMY-SBD caused molecular overcrowding of the starch granule surface.	Starch	180-186	LOC548210	Hordeum vulgare	41-45
16441919-9	2006	Starch increased the activity of glucokinase, pyruvate kinase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and fatty acid synthase (P&lt;0.05) but did not affect hexokinase and malic enzyme activity.	Starch	0-6	glucokinase	Oncorhynchus mykiss	33-44
16452718-5	2006	High levels of dietary starch increased (P &lt; 0.01) plasma insulin but, together with dietary FA, reduced (P &lt; 0.05) blastocyst yields in low, but not in moderate, BCS heifers.	Starch	23-29	BCS	Bos taurus	169-172
16602734-1	2006	A low glycemic index starch was developed by partial alpha-amylase treatment, and its fine structure responsible for slowly digestible and resistant properties was investigated.	Starch	21-27	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	53-66
16441919-9	2006	Starch increased the activity of glucokinase, pyruvate kinase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and fatty acid synthase (P&lt;0.05) but did not affect hexokinase and malic enzyme activity.	Starch	0-6	pyruvate kinase PKM	Oncorhynchus mykiss	46-61
16441919-9	2006	Starch increased the activity of glucokinase, pyruvate kinase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and fatty acid synthase (P&lt;0.05) but did not affect hexokinase and malic enzyme activity.	Starch	0-6	glucose-6-phosphate-1-dehydrogenase	Oncorhynchus mykiss	63-96
16297066-4	2005	BMY8 RNAi lines with lower BMY8 expression exhibited a starch-excess phenotype, and a dramatic decrease in maltose accumulation during a 6-h cold shock at 4 degrees C. The decreased maltose content was also accompanied by decreased glucose, fructose and sucrose content in the BMY8 RNAi plants, consistent with the roles of beta-amylase and maltose in transitory starch metabolism.	Starch	55-61	chloroplast beta-amylase	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-4
16024150-7	2006	Additions of starch or cellulose promote the biodegradation of CL-20 under aerobic conditions.	Starch	13-19	epithelial membrane protein 1	Homo sapiens	63-68
17177791-9	2006	More interestingly, plants with increased StFtsZ1 protein levels in tubers resulted in less, but larger, starch granules.	Starch	105-111	plastid-dividing ring protein	Solanum tuberosum	42-49
16351772-6	2005	Significantly more rapid, greater changes in postprandial plasma glucose, NEFA and serum insulin concentrations were observed after consumption of the rapidly digestible starch.	Starch	170-176	insulin	Homo sapiens	89-96
16133214-9	2005	Furthermore, when grown hydroponically, the PII mutants displayed a slight increase in carbohydrate (starch and sugars) levels in response to N starvation and a slight decrease in the levels of ammonium (NH (4) (+) ) and amino acids (mainly Gln) in response to NH (4) (+) resupply.	Starch	101-107	nitrogen regulatory P-II-like protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	44-47
16244140-0	2005	Differential expression of sucrose-phosphate synthase isoenzymes in tobacco reflects their functional specialization during dark-governed starch mobilization in source leaves.	Starch	138-144	probable sucrose-phosphate synthase 4	Nicotiana tabacum	27-53
16244140-5	2005	We used RNA interference to assess the in planta function of NtSPSA and C. While silencing of NtSPSA had no detectable influence on leaf carbohydrate metabolism, reduction of NtSPSC led to an increase in leaf starch content by a factor of 3 to 8.	Starch	209-215	probable sucrose-phosphate synthase 4	Nicotiana tabacum	175-181
16244140-6	2005	Further analysis revealed that starch accumulation in NtSPSC-silenced plants was not due to an increased partitioning of carbon into starch, but rather showed that starch mobilization was impaired.	Starch	31-37	probable sucrose-phosphate synthase 4	Nicotiana tabacum	54-60
16244140-6	2005	Further analysis revealed that starch accumulation in NtSPSC-silenced plants was not due to an increased partitioning of carbon into starch, but rather showed that starch mobilization was impaired.	Starch	133-139	probable sucrose-phosphate synthase 4	Nicotiana tabacum	54-60
16244140-6	2005	Further analysis revealed that starch accumulation in NtSPSC-silenced plants was not due to an increased partitioning of carbon into starch, but rather showed that starch mobilization was impaired.	Starch	133-139	probable sucrose-phosphate synthase 4	Nicotiana tabacum	54-60
16244140-9	2005	Together, these results suggest that NtSPSC is specifically involved in the synthesis of Suc during starch mobilization in the dark.	Starch	100-106	probable sucrose-phosphate synthase 4	Nicotiana tabacum	37-43
16351766-0	2005	Adzuki resistant starch lowered serum cholesterol and hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA mRNA levels and increased hepatic LDL-receptor and cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase mRNA levels in rats fed a cholesterol diet.	Starch	17-23	low density lipoprotein receptor	Rattus norvegicus	127-139
16351766-0	2005	Adzuki resistant starch lowered serum cholesterol and hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA mRNA levels and increased hepatic LDL-receptor and cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase mRNA levels in rats fed a cholesterol diet.	Starch	17-23	cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1	Rattus norvegicus	144-174
16351766-10	2005	The results suggest that adzuki resistant starch has a serum cholesterol-lowering function via enhancement of the hepatic LDL-receptor mRNA and cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase mRNA levels and faecal bile acid excretion, and a decrease in the hepatic HMG-CoA reductase mRNA level, when it is added to a cholesterol diet.	Starch	42-48	low density lipoprotein receptor	Rattus norvegicus	122-134
16351766-10	2005	The results suggest that adzuki resistant starch has a serum cholesterol-lowering function via enhancement of the hepatic LDL-receptor mRNA and cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase mRNA levels and faecal bile acid excretion, and a decrease in the hepatic HMG-CoA reductase mRNA level, when it is added to a cholesterol diet.	Starch	42-48	cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1	Rattus norvegicus	144-174
16297066-4	2005	BMY8 RNAi lines with lower BMY8 expression exhibited a starch-excess phenotype, and a dramatic decrease in maltose accumulation during a 6-h cold shock at 4 degrees C. The decreased maltose content was also accompanied by decreased glucose, fructose and sucrose content in the BMY8 RNAi plants, consistent with the roles of beta-amylase and maltose in transitory starch metabolism.	Starch	363-369	chloroplast beta-amylase	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-4
16297066-4	2005	BMY8 RNAi lines with lower BMY8 expression exhibited a starch-excess phenotype, and a dramatic decrease in maltose accumulation during a 6-h cold shock at 4 degrees C. The decreased maltose content was also accompanied by decreased glucose, fructose and sucrose content in the BMY8 RNAi plants, consistent with the roles of beta-amylase and maltose in transitory starch metabolism.	Starch	363-369	chloroplast beta-amylase	Arabidopsis thaliana	27-31
16297066-4	2005	BMY8 RNAi lines with lower BMY8 expression exhibited a starch-excess phenotype, and a dramatic decrease in maltose accumulation during a 6-h cold shock at 4 degrees C. The decreased maltose content was also accompanied by decreased glucose, fructose and sucrose content in the BMY8 RNAi plants, consistent with the roles of beta-amylase and maltose in transitory starch metabolism.	Starch	363-369	chloroplast beta-amylase	Arabidopsis thaliana	27-31
16299180-1	2005	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is a key regulatory enzyme in starch biosynthesis.	Starch	69-75	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	0-29
16299180-1	2005	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is a key regulatory enzyme in starch biosynthesis.	Starch	69-75	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	31-37
16361790-1	2005	To regulate the biosynthesis of maize starch, gene segment of starch branch enzyme (SBE) in maize was cloned and an expression vector of small interference RNA with the fragment of antisense gene + sense gene (pCJSBE2b, Fig.1) was constructed.	Starch	38-44	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	84-87
16167901-4	2005	We reported recently the isolation of SUSIBA2, a transcription factor involved in sugar-mediated regulation of starch synthesis.	Starch	111-117	Sugar signaling in barley 2	Hordeum vulgare	38-45
16155268-0	2005	Insulin-sensitizing effects of dietary resistant starch and effects on skeletal muscle and adipose tissue metabolism.	Starch	49-55	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
16155268-1	2005	BACKGROUND: Resistant starch may modulate insulin sensitivity, although the precise mechanism of this action is unknown.	Starch	22-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	42-49
16155268-2	2005	OBJECTIVE: We studied the effects of resistant starch on insulin sensitivity and tissue metabolism.	Starch	47-53	insulin	Homo sapiens	57-64
16155268-4	2005	RESULTS: When assessed by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, insulin sensitivity was higher after resistant starch supplementation than after placebo treatment (9.7 and 8.5 x 10(-2) mg glucose x kg(-1) x min(-1) x (mU insulin/L)(-1), respectively; P = 0.03); insulin sensitivity during the meal tolerance test (MTT) was 33% higher (P = 0.05).	Starch	108-114	insulin	Homo sapiens	61-68
16155268-4	2005	RESULTS: When assessed by euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp, insulin sensitivity was higher after resistant starch supplementation than after placebo treatment (9.7 and 8.5 x 10(-2) mg glucose x kg(-1) x min(-1) x (mU insulin/L)(-1), respectively; P = 0.03); insulin sensitivity during the meal tolerance test (MTT) was 33% higher (P = 0.05).	Starch	108-114	insulin	Homo sapiens	61-68
16155268-11	2005	CONCLUSION: These results suggest that dietary supplementation with resistant starch has the potential to improve insulin sensitivity.	Starch	78-84	insulin	Homo sapiens	114-121
16297066-4	2005	BMY8 RNAi lines with lower BMY8 expression exhibited a starch-excess phenotype, and a dramatic decrease in maltose accumulation during a 6-h cold shock at 4 degrees C. The decreased maltose content was also accompanied by decreased glucose, fructose and sucrose content in the BMY8 RNAi plants, consistent with the roles of beta-amylase and maltose in transitory starch metabolism.	Starch	55-61	chloroplast beta-amylase	Arabidopsis thaliana	27-31
16297066-4	2005	BMY8 RNAi lines with lower BMY8 expression exhibited a starch-excess phenotype, and a dramatic decrease in maltose accumulation during a 6-h cold shock at 4 degrees C. The decreased maltose content was also accompanied by decreased glucose, fructose and sucrose content in the BMY8 RNAi plants, consistent with the roles of beta-amylase and maltose in transitory starch metabolism.	Starch	55-61	chloroplast beta-amylase	Arabidopsis thaliana	27-31
16046541-0	2005	Trehalose 6-phosphate regulates starch synthesis via posttranslational redox activation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase.	Starch	32-38	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	91-120
15800131-5	2005	Nevertheless, AMY(1,6) homozygotes selected in the starch-rich environment had a twofold higher AMY enzyme activity than those selected in the glucose-rich environment, suggesting a coadaptation of the coding region and its regulatory factor(s) on the genetic background.	Starch	51-57	Amylase proximal	Drosophila melanogaster	14-17
16024070-1	2005	Potato tuber starch was genetically engineered in the plant by the simultaneous antisense suppression of the starch branching enzyme (SBE) I and II isoforms.	Starch	13-19	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme	Solanum tuberosum	109-147
16004470-1	2005	Combining molecular weight distribution (MWD) data for linear chains of debranched starch from capillary electrophoresis and from size exclusion chromatography (SEC) with detection by differential refractive index and by multi-angle laser light scattering has enabled Mark-Houwink parameters to be determined for linear starch chains.	Starch	83-89	microtubule affinity regulating kinase 1	Homo sapiens	268-272
16004470-4	2005	Remarkably, these data show that the empirical Mark-Houwink relation between molecular weight and hydrodynamic volume is, for linear debranched starch, valid for much lower molecular weights than synthetic polymers.	Starch	144-150	microtubule affinity regulating kinase 1	Homo sapiens	47-51
16004470-5	2005	This implies that these Mark-Houwink parameters can be used with "universal calibration" to enable SEC to be used with relative ease to provide MWDs for debranched starch for essentially any degree of polymerization.	Starch	164-170	microtubule affinity regulating kinase 1	Homo sapiens	24-28
16212269-2	2005	Vertical and spatial variation of proteinase and amylase activities was demonstrated in seawater and the potential rates of degradation of specific substrates, azocasein and Procion-5CX-modified starch, were calculated.	Starch	195-201	endogenous retrovirus group K member 25	Homo sapiens	34-44
15800131-5	2005	Nevertheless, AMY(1,6) homozygotes selected in the starch-rich environment had a twofold higher AMY enzyme activity than those selected in the glucose-rich environment, suggesting a coadaptation of the coding region and its regulatory factor(s) on the genetic background.	Starch	51-57	Amylase proximal	Drosophila melanogaster	96-99
15863446-4	2005	Starch is the major carbon store in plants, and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is the key regulatory enzyme of starch synthesis in the plastid.	Starch	0-6	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	79-85
15863446-4	2005	Starch is the major carbon store in plants, and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is the key regulatory enzyme of starch synthesis in the plastid.	Starch	119-125	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	48-77
15863446-4	2005	Starch is the major carbon store in plants, and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is the key regulatory enzyme of starch synthesis in the plastid.	Starch	119-125	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	79-85
15863446-7	2005	Post-translational redox activation of AGPase in response to sugars is part of a signalling mechanism linking the rate of starch synthesis to the availability of carbon in diverse plant tissues.	Starch	122-128	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	39-45
15894744-2	2005	Starch-related alpha-glucan/water dikinase (EC 2.7.9.4), encoded by Arabidopsis STARCH EXCESS 1 (SEX1), is hypothesized to regulate starch degradation in plastids by phosphorylating starch, thereby ensuring better accessibility by starch-degrading enzymes.	Starch	132-138	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	80-95
15894744-2	2005	Starch-related alpha-glucan/water dikinase (EC 2.7.9.4), encoded by Arabidopsis STARCH EXCESS 1 (SEX1), is hypothesized to regulate starch degradation in plastids by phosphorylating starch, thereby ensuring better accessibility by starch-degrading enzymes.	Starch	132-138	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	97-101
15894744-2	2005	Starch-related alpha-glucan/water dikinase (EC 2.7.9.4), encoded by Arabidopsis STARCH EXCESS 1 (SEX1), is hypothesized to regulate starch degradation in plastids by phosphorylating starch, thereby ensuring better accessibility by starch-degrading enzymes.	Starch	0-6	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	80-95
15894744-2	2005	Starch-related alpha-glucan/water dikinase (EC 2.7.9.4), encoded by Arabidopsis STARCH EXCESS 1 (SEX1), is hypothesized to regulate starch degradation in plastids by phosphorylating starch, thereby ensuring better accessibility by starch-degrading enzymes.	Starch	0-6	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	97-101
15894744-2	2005	Starch-related alpha-glucan/water dikinase (EC 2.7.9.4), encoded by Arabidopsis STARCH EXCESS 1 (SEX1), is hypothesized to regulate starch degradation in plastids by phosphorylating starch, thereby ensuring better accessibility by starch-degrading enzymes.	Starch	182-188	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	80-95
15894744-2	2005	Starch-related alpha-glucan/water dikinase (EC 2.7.9.4), encoded by Arabidopsis STARCH EXCESS 1 (SEX1), is hypothesized to regulate starch degradation in plastids by phosphorylating starch, thereby ensuring better accessibility by starch-degrading enzymes.	Starch	182-188	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	97-101
15894744-2	2005	Starch-related alpha-glucan/water dikinase (EC 2.7.9.4), encoded by Arabidopsis STARCH EXCESS 1 (SEX1), is hypothesized to regulate starch degradation in plastids by phosphorylating starch, thereby ensuring better accessibility by starch-degrading enzymes.	Starch	182-188	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	80-95
15894744-2	2005	Starch-related alpha-glucan/water dikinase (EC 2.7.9.4), encoded by Arabidopsis STARCH EXCESS 1 (SEX1), is hypothesized to regulate starch degradation in plastids by phosphorylating starch, thereby ensuring better accessibility by starch-degrading enzymes.	Starch	182-188	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	97-101
15894744-5	2005	After 7 d at 2 degrees C, sex1 mutants did not show any of the above abnormal phenotypes but displayed slightly higher leaf starch contents.	Starch	124-130	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	26-30
15894744-7	2005	The results demonstrate a genetic link between the SEX1 locus and plant freezing tolerance, and show that starch degradation is important for enhanced freezing tolerance during an early phase of cold acclimation.	Starch	106-112	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	51-55
15894744-8	2005	However, induction of starch degradation was not accompanied by significant changes in alpha-glucan/water dikinase activity in leaf extracts and preceded cold-induced augmentation of SEX1 transcripts.	Starch	22-28	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	183-187
15908598-6	2005	Furthermore, starch in the Atss3-1 and Atss3-2 mutants has a higher phosphate content, approximately two times that of wild-type leaf starch.	Starch	13-19	starch synthase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	27-32
15908598-6	2005	Furthermore, starch in the Atss3-1 and Atss3-2 mutants has a higher phosphate content, approximately two times that of wild-type leaf starch.	Starch	13-19	starch synthase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	39-44
15908598-6	2005	Furthermore, starch in the Atss3-1 and Atss3-2 mutants has a higher phosphate content, approximately two times that of wild-type leaf starch.	Starch	134-140	starch synthase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	27-32
15908598-6	2005	Furthermore, starch in the Atss3-1 and Atss3-2 mutants has a higher phosphate content, approximately two times that of wild-type leaf starch.	Starch	134-140	starch synthase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	39-44
15665090-1	2005	The recently discovered potato tuber (Solanum tuberosum) alpha-glucan, water dikinase (GWD) (formerly known as R1) catalyzes the phosphorylation of starch by a dikinase-type reaction mechanism in which the beta-phosphate of ATP is transferred to either the C-6 or the C-3 position of the glucosyl residue of starch.	Starch	308-314	alpha-glucan water dikinase, chloroplastic	Solanum tuberosum	87-90
15863701-2	2005	In plants with increased SBPase activity, photosynthetic rates were increased, higher levels of Suc and starch accumulated during the photoperiod, and an increase in leaf area and biomass of up to 30% was also evident.	Starch	104-110	sedoheptulose-bisphosphatase	Arabidopsis thaliana	25-31
15695443-1	2005	Constitutive antisense inhibition of the cytosolic isoform of phosphoglucomutase in the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) results in restriction of photosynthesis, growth inhibition and modified tuber morphology, and a severe restriction of tuber starch synthesis.	Starch	243-249	phosphoglucomutase	Solanum tuberosum	62-80
15710637-1	2005	ADPglucose, the essential substrate for starch synthesis, is synthesized in maize by a pathway involving at least invertases, sucrose synthase, and ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase, as shown by the starch-deficient mutants, mn1, sh1, and bt2 or sh2, respectively.	Starch	194-200	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	148-176
15744615-2	2005	These materials are known to be sensitive to enzymatic action, evidencing a degradation of the starch phase in alpha-amylase assays.	Starch	95-101	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	111-124
15722468-3	2005	Both proteins show glucose 6-phosphate translocator activity after reconstitution in liposomes, and each of them can rescue the low-starch leaf phenotype of the pgi1 mutant (which lacks plastid phosphoglucoisomerase), indicating that the two proteins are also functional in planta.	Starch	132-138	phosphoglucose isomerase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	161-165
15835254-13	2005	(5) Wheat lipase activity was positively correlated with individual starch digestibility, which was the reverse of a result obtained in a previous experiment.	Starch	68-74	probable feruloyl esterase A	Triticum aestivum	10-16
15665090-1	2005	The recently discovered potato tuber (Solanum tuberosum) alpha-glucan, water dikinase (GWD) (formerly known as R1) catalyzes the phosphorylation of starch by a dikinase-type reaction mechanism in which the beta-phosphate of ATP is transferred to either the C-6 or the C-3 position of the glucosyl residue of starch.	Starch	148-154	alpha-glucan water dikinase, chloroplastic	Solanum tuberosum	57-85
15665090-1	2005	The recently discovered potato tuber (Solanum tuberosum) alpha-glucan, water dikinase (GWD) (formerly known as R1) catalyzes the phosphorylation of starch by a dikinase-type reaction mechanism in which the beta-phosphate of ATP is transferred to either the C-6 or the C-3 position of the glucosyl residue of starch.	Starch	148-154	alpha-glucan water dikinase, chloroplastic	Solanum tuberosum	87-90
15665090-1	2005	The recently discovered potato tuber (Solanum tuberosum) alpha-glucan, water dikinase (GWD) (formerly known as R1) catalyzes the phosphorylation of starch by a dikinase-type reaction mechanism in which the beta-phosphate of ATP is transferred to either the C-6 or the C-3 position of the glucosyl residue of starch.	Starch	308-314	alpha-glucan water dikinase, chloroplastic	Solanum tuberosum	57-85
15686522-5	2005	In Atgwd3 the amount of leaf starch was constantly higher than wild type during the diurnal cycle.	Starch	29-35	chloroplastidic phosphoglucan, water dikinase (ATGWD3)	Arabidopsis thaliana	3-9
15670855-5	2005	We propose a role for Hxk2 in starch and secondary metabolism in the mentioned tissues.	Starch	30-36	hexokinase-2	Nicotiana tabacum	22-26
15361065-1	2005	The potato tuber (Solanum tuberosum) GWD (alpha-glucan, water dikinase) catalyses the phosphorylation of starch by a dikinase-type reaction mechanism in which the beta-phosphate of ATP is transferred to the glucosyl residue of amylopectin.	Starch	105-111	alpha-glucan water dikinase, chloroplastic	Solanum tuberosum	37-40
15361065-1	2005	The potato tuber (Solanum tuberosum) GWD (alpha-glucan, water dikinase) catalyses the phosphorylation of starch by a dikinase-type reaction mechanism in which the beta-phosphate of ATP is transferred to the glucosyl residue of amylopectin.	Starch	105-111	alpha-glucan water dikinase, chloroplastic	Solanum tuberosum	42-70
16046541-10	2005	Results provide evidence that T6P is synthesized in the cytosol and acts on plastidial metabolism by promoting thioredoxin-mediated redox transfer to AGPase in response to cytosolic sugar levels, thereby allowing starch synthesis to be regulated independently of light.	Starch	213-219	thioredoxin H-type 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	111-122
16046541-10	2005	Results provide evidence that T6P is synthesized in the cytosol and acts on plastidial metabolism by promoting thioredoxin-mediated redox transfer to AGPase in response to cytosolic sugar levels, thereby allowing starch synthesis to be regulated independently of light.	Starch	213-219	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	150-156
15849301-5	2005	Mutant lines carrying a defect in AtISA3 display a strong starch-excess phenotype at the end of both the light and the dark phases accompanied by a small modification of the amylopectin structure.	Starch	58-64	isoamylase 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	34-40
15849301-8	2005	However, Atisa2/Atpu1 double-mutant lines display a 92% decrease in starch content.	Starch	68-74	debranching enzyme 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	9-15
15849301-8	2005	However, Atisa2/Atpu1 double-mutant lines display a 92% decrease in starch content.	Starch	68-74	limit dextrinase	Arabidopsis thaliana	16-21
15637061-6	2005	The starch-excess mutant of Arabidopsis sex4, previously shown to have reduced plastidial alpha-amylase activity, is deficient in AtAMY3 protein.	Starch	4-10	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	40-44
15637061-6	2005	The starch-excess mutant of Arabidopsis sex4, previously shown to have reduced plastidial alpha-amylase activity, is deficient in AtAMY3 protein.	Starch	4-10	alpha-amylase-like 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	130-136
15637061-7	2005	Unexpectedly, T-DNA knock-out mutants of AtAMY3 have the same diurnal pattern of transitory starch metabolism as the wild type.	Starch	92-98	alpha-amylase-like 3	Arabidopsis thaliana	41-47
15637061-8	2005	These results show that AtAMY3 is not required for transitory starch breakdown and that the starch-excess phenotype of the sex4 mutant is not caused simply by deficiency of AtAMY3 protein.	Starch	92-98	dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	123-127
15637061-9	2005	Knock-out mutants in the predicted non-plastidial alpha-amylases AtAMY1 and AtAMY2 were also isolated, and these displayed normal starch breakdown in the dark as expected for extraplastidial amylases.	Starch	130-136	alpha-amylase-like protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	65-71
15736930-1	2005	Pig pancreatic alpha-amylase (PPA), an enzyme belonging to the alpha-amylase family, is involved in the degradation of starch.	Starch	119-125	amylase, alpha 2A (pancreatic)	Sus scrofa	4-28
15832687-4	2005	The pho1 and pho2 (Pi-accumulating) mutations had little or no effect on leaf contents of glucose and fructose, regardless of light/dark conditions, whereas pho1 plants had much higher levels of sucrose and starch in the dark than pho2 and wt plants.	Starch	207-213	phosphate 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	157-161
15832687-6	2005	Expression of Ugp in pgm1 and sex1 mutants (impaired in starch/sugar content) was not dependent on starch content, and not tightly correlated with soluble sugar status.	Starch	56-62	UDP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	14-17
15832687-6	2005	Expression of Ugp in pgm1 and sex1 mutants (impaired in starch/sugar content) was not dependent on starch content, and not tightly correlated with soluble sugar status.	Starch	56-62	phosphoglucomutase	Arabidopsis thaliana	21-25
15832687-6	2005	Expression of Ugp in pgm1 and sex1 mutants (impaired in starch/sugar content) was not dependent on starch content, and not tightly correlated with soluble sugar status.	Starch	56-62	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	30-34
15832687-6	2005	Expression of Ugp in pgm1 and sex1 mutants (impaired in starch/sugar content) was not dependent on starch content, and not tightly correlated with soluble sugar status.	Starch	99-105	UDP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	14-17
15743447-0	2005	Arabidopsis mutants Atisa1 and Atisa2 have identical phenotypes and lack the same multimeric isoamylase, which influences the branch point distribution of amylopectin during starch synthesis.	Starch	174-180	isoamylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	20-26
15743447-0	2005	Arabidopsis mutants Atisa1 and Atisa2 have identical phenotypes and lack the same multimeric isoamylase, which influences the branch point distribution of amylopectin during starch synthesis.	Starch	174-180	debranching enzyme 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	31-37
15607658-4	2005	The proteins directly involved with the carbohydrates and energetic metabolisms were: alpha glucosidase, glucose oxidase and alpha amylase, whose are members of the same family of enzymes, catalyzing the hydrolysis of the glucosidic linkages of starch; alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, whose are constituents of the energetic metabolism.	Starch	245-251	alpha-glucosidase	Apis mellifera	86-103
15665090-5	2005	Interestingly, GWD displays a reversible and selective binding to starch granules depending on the illumination state of the plant.	Starch	66-72	alpha-glucan water dikinase, chloroplastic	Solanum tuberosum	15-18
15665090-6	2005	Here we show that starch granule-bound GWD isolated from dark-adapted plants exists in the inactive, oxidized form, which is capable of reactivation upon treatment with reduced Trx.	Starch	18-24	alpha-glucan water dikinase, chloroplastic	Solanum tuberosum	39-42
15501181-2	2004	In plants, Fru-2,6-P(2) coordinates the photosynthetic carbon flux into sucrose and starch biosynthesis.	Starch	84-90	zinc finger and BTB domain containing 22	Homo sapiens	11-14
15618411-3	2005	This is indicated by the starch excess phenotype of GWD-deficient plants, such as the sex1-3 mutant of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).	Starch	25-31	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	86-92
15563967-7	2004	CE-L alleviated hyperglycemia caused by maltose or starch loading in normal and Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice with better efficacy than that of acarbose.	Starch	51-57	carboxyl ester lipase	Mus musculus	0-4
15841256-4	2004	Adopting a diet low in fat and high in fiber-rich starch foods, which would also include an abundance of antioxidants, combined with regular aerobic exercise might control insulin resistance, reduce the resulting serum factors and thus reduce the risk for many different cancers commonly seen in the USA.	Starch	50-56	insulin	Homo sapiens	172-179
15608338-4	2005	Plants with even moderately reduced ACL activity have a complex, bonsai phenotype, with miniaturized organs, smaller cells, aberrant plastid morphology, reduced cuticular wax deposition, and hyperaccumulation of starch, anthocyanin, and stress-related mRNAs in vegetative tissue.	Starch	212-218	acetone-cyanohydrin lyase	Arabidopsis thaliana	36-39
15584951-8	2004	TIP1;1 RNAi plants also contained high starch and apoplastic carbohydrate increased.	Starch	39-45	Ankyrin repeat family protein with DHHC zinc finger domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-4
15604827-2	2004	Mature seeds were investigated for the presence and the amount of starch-associated puroindoline a and b proteins by flow cytometry.	Starch	66-72	puroindoline	Triticum aestivum	84-98
15377761-3	2004	In this study, an association approach was used to evaluate six maize candidate genes involved in kernel starch biosynthesis: amylose extender1 (ae1), brittle endosperm2 (bt2), shrunken1 (sh1), sh2, sugary1, and waxy1.	Starch	105-111	sucrose synthase 1	Zea mays	177-186
15484954-3	2004	Therefore, an experiment was conducted to determine the effect of glucose and starch hydrolysate on the activity and abundance of SGLT1 in the small intestine of steers.	Starch	78-84	solute carrier family 5 member 1	Homo sapiens	130-135
15377761-3	2004	In this study, an association approach was used to evaluate six maize candidate genes involved in kernel starch biosynthesis: amylose extender1 (ae1), brittle endosperm2 (bt2), shrunken1 (sh1), sh2, sugary1, and waxy1.	Starch	105-111	sucrose synthase 1	Zea mays	188-191
15377761-3	2004	In this study, an association approach was used to evaluate six maize candidate genes involved in kernel starch biosynthesis: amylose extender1 (ae1), brittle endosperm2 (bt2), shrunken1 (sh1), sh2, sugary1, and waxy1.	Starch	105-111	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	194-197
15377761-5	2004	Overall, bt2, sh1, and sh2 showed significant associations for kernel composition traits, whereas ae1 and sh2 showed significant associations for starch pasting properties.	Starch	146-152	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	106-109
15377761-7	2004	Additionally, haplotype analysis of sh2 suggested this gene is involved in starch viscosity properties and amylose content.	Starch	75-81	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	36-39
15287678-5	2004	Nevertheless, there is a fraction of what has been termed resistant (RS1) starch, which enters the colon and acts as slowly digested or lente carbohydrate in the small intestine.	Starch	74-80	retinoschisin 1	Homo sapiens	69-72
15337833-10	2004	The results suggest that resistant starch of kintoki bean reduces serum cholesterol level by increasing hepatic LDL receptor, SR-B1, and cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase mRNAs.	Starch	35-41	brain expressed, associated with NEDD4, 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-57
15337833-10	2004	The results suggest that resistant starch of kintoki bean reduces serum cholesterol level by increasing hepatic LDL receptor, SR-B1, and cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase mRNAs.	Starch	35-41	low density lipoprotein receptor	Rattus norvegicus	112-124
15337833-10	2004	The results suggest that resistant starch of kintoki bean reduces serum cholesterol level by increasing hepatic LDL receptor, SR-B1, and cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase mRNAs.	Starch	35-41	scavenger receptor class B, member 1	Rattus norvegicus	126-131
15337833-10	2004	The results suggest that resistant starch of kintoki bean reduces serum cholesterol level by increasing hepatic LDL receptor, SR-B1, and cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase mRNAs.	Starch	35-41	cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1	Rattus norvegicus	137-167
15574004-1	2004	This paper examined the efficiency of a combined flocculants synthesized by aluminum and starch (noted as CAS) in treating kaolin suspension, domestic wastewater, municipal effluent and pulp-making wastewater.	Starch	89-95	BCAR1 scaffold protein, Cas family member	Homo sapiens	106-109
15014998-3	2004	A strong decrease in the amount of starch observed in antisense lines for ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase or plastidic phosphoglucomutase had no effect on storage-lipid content.	Starch	35-41	phosphoglucomutase, chloroplastic	Solanum tuberosum	107-135
15102711-9	2004	It preferentially binds polyglucosans over glycogen in vivo and starch over glycogen in vitro, suggesting that laforin"s role begins after the appearance of polyglucosans and that the laforin pathway is involved in monitoring for and then preventing the formation of polyglucosans.	Starch	64-70	epilepsy, progressive myoclonic epilepsy, type 2 gene alpha	Mus musculus	111-118
15342576-6	2004	PGM activity and transcription of TK1108 in T. kodakaraensis were found to be higher in cells grown on starch than in cells grown on pyruvate.	Starch	103-109	phosphoglucosamine mutase	Thermococcus kodakarensis KOD1	34-40
15326306-2	2004	According to this view, the plastidial ADP.glucose (ADPG) pyrophosphorylase (AGP) is the sole enzyme catalyzing the synthesis of the starch precursor molecule ADPG.	Starch	133-139	glucose-1-phosphatase precursor	Escherichia coli	77-80
15326306-4	2004	This evidence is consistent with the idea that synthesis of the ADPG linked to starch biosynthesis takes place in the cytosol by means of sucrose synthase, whereas AGP channels the glucose units derived from the starch breakdown.	Starch	212-218	glucose-1-phosphatase precursor	Escherichia coli	164-167
15326306-7	2004	Source leaves from plants expressing ASPP in the chloroplast exhibited reduced starch and normal ADPG content as compared with control plants.	Starch	79-85	nudix hydrolase 14, chloroplastic-like	Solanum tuberosum	37-41
15326306-8	2004	Most importantly however, leaves from plants expressing ASPP in the cytosol showed a large reduction of the levels of both ADPG and starch, whereas hexose phosphates increased as compared with control plants.	Starch	132-138	nudix hydrolase 14, chloroplastic-like	Solanum tuberosum	56-60
15269621-1	2004	BACKGROUND: Starch digestion is dependent on a combination of pancreatic and salivary amylase and the intestinal brush border enzymes glucoamylase and sucrase-isomaltase.	Starch	12-18	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	151-169
14751755-6	2004	High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and colorimetric methods were used to monitor the liberation of carbohydrate as a consequence of starch hydrolysis by alpha-amylase.	Starch	143-149	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	164-177
14751755-10	2004	The action of alpha-amylase solely led to the starch degradation, in contrast with other assays without enzymes where no carbohydrates were found in the degradation solutions.	Starch	46-52	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	14-27
15143436-7	2004	We develop here a hypothesis that starch degradation is closely sensed by hexokinase because a newly discovered pathway required for starch to sucrose conversion that involves maltose is one of few metabolic pathways that requires hexokinase activity.	Starch	34-40	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	74-84
15143436-7	2004	We develop here a hypothesis that starch degradation is closely sensed by hexokinase because a newly discovered pathway required for starch to sucrose conversion that involves maltose is one of few metabolic pathways that requires hexokinase activity.	Starch	34-40	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	231-241
15143436-7	2004	We develop here a hypothesis that starch degradation is closely sensed by hexokinase because a newly discovered pathway required for starch to sucrose conversion that involves maltose is one of few metabolic pathways that requires hexokinase activity.	Starch	133-139	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	74-84
15143436-7	2004	We develop here a hypothesis that starch degradation is closely sensed by hexokinase because a newly discovered pathway required for starch to sucrose conversion that involves maltose is one of few metabolic pathways that requires hexokinase activity.	Starch	133-139	hexokinase 1	Homo sapiens	231-241
14973170-2	2004	Among the soluble phosphoproteins detected in plastids, three forms of starch branching enzyme (SBE) were phosphorylated in amyloplasts (SBEI, SBEIIa, and SBEIIb), and both forms of SBE in chloroplasts (SBEI and SBEIIa) were shown to be phosphorylated after sequencing of the immunoprecipitated (32)P-labeled phosphoproteins using quadrupole-orthogonal acceleration time of flight mass spectrometry.	Starch	71-77	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Triticum aestivum	155-161
15604657-1	2004	Mutations in the maize gene sugary2 ( su2 ) affect starch structure and its resultant physiochemical properties in useful ways, although the gene has not been characterized previously at the molecular level.	Starch	51-57	soluble starch synthase 2-3, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	28-35
15604657-1	2004	Mutations in the maize gene sugary2 ( su2 ) affect starch structure and its resultant physiochemical properties in useful ways, although the gene has not been characterized previously at the molecular level.	Starch	51-57	soluble starch synthase 2-3, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	38-41
14660599-5	2004	Y105A dominates in dual subsite -6/+4 [Y105A/T212(Y/W)]AMY1 mutants having almost retained and low activity on starch and oligosaccharides, respectively.	Starch	111-117	LOC548210	Hordeum vulgare	55-59
14871307-11	2004	Nevertheless, our findings indicate the possibility that 14-3-3 binding to SnRK1-phosphorylated sites on NR and F2KP may regulate both nitrate assimilation and sucrose/starch partitioning in leaves.	Starch	168-174	nitrate reductase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	105-107
14593480-8	2004	In addition, dpe2 mutants accumulated starch and a water-soluble, ethanol/KCl-insoluble maltodextrin in their chloroplasts.	Starch	38-44	disproportionating enzyme 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	13-17
14996213-10	2004	Based on these results, we suggest that DPE2 is an essential component of the pathway from starch to sucrose and cellular metabolism in leaves at night.	Starch	91-97	disproportionating enzyme 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	40-44
14996215-5	2004	The sensitivity and amplitude of metabolic Pi-starvation responses, such as Pi-responsive gene expression or accumulation of anthocyanins and starch, are enhanced in pdr2 seedlings.	Starch	142-148	phosphate deficiency response 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	166-170
15051866-1	2004	The thermostability of alpha-glucosidase is important because the conversion of starch to fermentable sugars during the industrial production of beer and fuel ethanol typically occurs at relatively high temperatures (60-75 degrees C).	Starch	80-86	Agl1	Hordeum vulgare	23-40
14525539-0	2004	Functional characterization of alpha-glucan,water dikinase, the starch phosphorylating enzyme.	Starch	64-70	alpha-glucan water dikinase, chloroplastic	Solanum tuberosum	31-58
14525539-1	2004	GWD (alpha-glucan,water dikinase) is the enzyme that catalyses the phosphorylation of starch by a dikinase-type reaction in which the beta-phosphate of ATP is transferred to either the C-6 or the C-3 position of the glycosyl residue of amylopectin.	Starch	86-92	alpha-glucan water dikinase, chloroplastic	Solanum tuberosum	0-3
14525539-1	2004	GWD (alpha-glucan,water dikinase) is the enzyme that catalyses the phosphorylation of starch by a dikinase-type reaction in which the beta-phosphate of ATP is transferred to either the C-6 or the C-3 position of the glycosyl residue of amylopectin.	Starch	86-92	alpha-glucan water dikinase, chloroplastic	Solanum tuberosum	5-32
14593480-12	2004	As a result, dpe2 plants have higher maltose, higher starch, and higher maltodextrin but lower nighttime sucrose than wild-type plants.	Starch	53-59	disproportionating enzyme 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	13-17
14606899-12	2003	alpha-Amylase, as expected, is the key enzyme involved in the starch degradation, contributing to major changes on the physicochemical properties of the materials.	Starch	62-68	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	0-13
14618387-2	2003	A model is presented that describes all the saccharides that are produced during the hydrolysis of starch by an alpha-amylase.	Starch	99-105	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	112-125
14677870-9	2003	The most successful model for simulating the independent data was a modified Mitscherlich equation with the steepness parameter set to represent dietary starch-to-ADF ratio (root mean square prediction error = 20.6%).	Starch	153-159	destrin, actin depolymerizing factor	Bos taurus	163-166
14606899-1	2003	The susceptibility of starch-based biomaterials to enzymatic degradation by amylolytic enzymes (glucoamylase and alpha-amylase) was investigated by means of incubating the materials with a buffer solution, containing enzymes at different concentrations and combinations, at 37 degrees C for 6 weeks.	Starch	22-28	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	113-126
14606899-8	2003	FTIR spectra confirmed a decrease on the band corresponding to glycosidic linkage (-C-O-C-) of starch after incubation of the materials with alpha-amylase.	Starch	95-101	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	141-154
14667179-8	2003	With the R starch, plasma glucose concentrations and serum insulin concentrations rose faster and the maximum glucose change was approximately 1.8 times that for the S starch, averaged across both subject groups.	Starch	11-17	insulin	Homo sapiens	59-66
14619494-0	2003	[Evaluation of liver metastasis of colorectal cancer following hepatic arterial infusion with degradable starch microspheres and adriamycin, mitomycin C as seen in changes in CEA at early stage of therapy].	Starch	105-111	CEA cell adhesion molecule 3	Homo sapiens	175-178
14668363-4	2003	In this article, we show that Rme1p positively regulates invasive growth and starch metabolism in both haploid and diploid strains by directly modifying the transcription of the FLO11 (also known as MUC1) and STA2 genes, which encode a cell wall-associated protein essential for invasive growth and a starch-degrading glucoamylase, respectively.	Starch	77-83	Rme1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	30-35
14668363-4	2003	In this article, we show that Rme1p positively regulates invasive growth and starch metabolism in both haploid and diploid strains by directly modifying the transcription of the FLO11 (also known as MUC1) and STA2 genes, which encode a cell wall-associated protein essential for invasive growth and a starch-degrading glucoamylase, respectively.	Starch	77-83	Flo11p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	199-203
12972664-1	2003	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) catalyzes the first committed reaction in the pathway of starch synthesis.	Starch	96-102	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-29
12972664-1	2003	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) catalyzes the first committed reaction in the pathway of starch synthesis.	Starch	96-102	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	31-37
12960364-3	2003	In this work, we show that maize-derived LT-B is strongly associated with starch granules in endosperm.	Starch	74-80	lymphotoxin beta	Homo sapiens	41-45
12960364-4	2003	Using immunogold labeling/electron microscopy, cell fractionation, and protein analysis techniques, we observed that LT-B protein could be detected both internally and externally in starch granules.	Starch	182-188	lymphotoxin beta	Homo sapiens	117-121
12953112-14	2003	Furthermore, they show that SUSIBA2 is a regulatory transcription factor in starch synthesis and demonstrate the involvement of a WRKY protein in carbohydrate anabolism.	Starch	76-82	Sugar signaling in barley 2	Hordeum vulgare	28-35
12957319-5	2003	Molten medium synthesised cationic starches displayed a constant degradation level on a wide DS range with alpha,beta-amylase and amyloglucosidase, whereas isoamylase degradation rapidly reached its degradation limit at DSs 0.05.	Starch	35-43	beta-amylase	Triticum aestivum	113-125
12957319-7	2003	By measuring the affinity of alpha-amylase, beta-amylase and isoamylase for native, extruded non-modified and hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium-modified starches.	Starch	150-158	beta-amylase	Triticum aestivum	44-56
12968709-18	2003	Maintenance of body condition and avoidance of grain-based meals rich in sugar and starch would be beneficial to decrease the risk of developing insulin resistance and associated metabolic syndromes in horses, especially for horses at risk for these syndromes.	Starch	83-89	INS	Equus caballus	145-152
12904211-1	2003	We recently discovered that post-translational redox modulation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is a powerful new mechanism to adjust the rate of starch synthesis to the availability of sucrose in growing potato tubers.	Starch	156-162	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	67-96
14572478-9	2003	Starch granules with suppressed starch branching enzyme (SBE) had severe cracks and rough surfaces.	Starch	0-6	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme	Solanum tuberosum	57-60
12970478-7	2003	However, double mutants carrying both arl2-1 and pgm-1 (a mutation in the starch-biosynthetic gene PHOSPHOGLUCOMUTASE) at the homozygous state display a more pronounced root gravitropic defect than the single mutants.	Starch	74-80	ARG1-like 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	38-42
12970478-7	2003	However, double mutants carrying both arl2-1 and pgm-1 (a mutation in the starch-biosynthetic gene PHOSPHOGLUCOMUTASE) at the homozygous state display a more pronounced root gravitropic defect than the single mutants.	Starch	74-80	phosphoglucomutase	Arabidopsis thaliana	49-54
12970478-7	2003	However, double mutants carrying both arl2-1 and pgm-1 (a mutation in the starch-biosynthetic gene PHOSPHOGLUCOMUTASE) at the homozygous state display a more pronounced root gravitropic defect than the single mutants.	Starch	74-80	phosphoglucomutase	Arabidopsis thaliana	99-117
12922177-3	2003	XIP-I completely inhibited the activity of AMY1 and AMY2 towards insoluble Blue Starch and a soluble hepta-oligosaccharide derivative.	Starch	80-86	xylanase inhibitor protein 1	Triticum aestivum	0-5
12922177-4	2003	A ternary complex was formed between insoluble starch, a catalytically inactive mutant of AMY1 (D180A), and XIP-I, suggesting that the substrate-XIP-I interaction is necessary for inhibition of barley alpha-amylases.	Starch	47-53	xylanase inhibitor protein 1	Triticum aestivum	108-113
12922177-4	2003	A ternary complex was formed between insoluble starch, a catalytically inactive mutant of AMY1 (D180A), and XIP-I, suggesting that the substrate-XIP-I interaction is necessary for inhibition of barley alpha-amylases.	Starch	47-53	xylanase inhibitor protein 1	Triticum aestivum	145-150
12904211-1	2003	We recently discovered that post-translational redox modulation of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is a powerful new mechanism to adjust the rate of starch synthesis to the availability of sucrose in growing potato tubers.	Starch	156-162	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	98-104
12813175-2	2003	The glycemic effects of diets high in refined starch may increase colorectal cancer risk by affecting insulin and/or insulin-like growth factor-I levels.	Starch	46-52	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	102-145
12906821-0	2003	Sugar tongs get a grip on the starch granule in barley alpha-amylase 1.	Starch	30-36	LOC548210	Hordeum vulgare	55-70
12821347-6	2003	Treatment with the maximum tolerated doses of DFO, L1, or starch-DFO conjugate induced no significant iron deprivation in non-iron-overloaded mice, while an iron-poor diet led to a dramatic decrease in serum iron, transferrin iron saturation, and ferritin levels.	Starch	58-64	transferrin	Mus musculus	214-225
12712245-0	2003	Prior short-term consumption of resistant starch enhances postprandial insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects.	Starch	42-48	insulin	Homo sapiens	71-78
12783326-0	2003	The small subunit ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase ( ApS) promoter mediates okadaic acid-sensitive uidA expression in starch-synthesizing tissues and cells in Arabidopsis.	Starch	115-121	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	18-47
12662916-0	2003	Safety evaluation of an alpha-amylase enzyme preparation derived from the archaeal order Thermococcales as expressed in Pseudomonas fluorescens biovar I. BD5088 alpha-amylase derived from archaeal sources has characteristics of pH and temperature tolerance that are well suited to hydrolysis of starch in food processing applications.	Starch	295-301	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	24-37
12709481-11	2003	The implications of the changes in PGM activity during the synthesis of starch in developing endosperm are discussed.	Starch	72-78	phosphoglucomutase, cytoplasmic	Triticum aestivum	35-38
12828193-6	2003	Food structure plays an important role in determining the accessibility of starch to digestion, thus influencing the postprandial blood glucose response, which modulates plasma insulin and lipid levels.	Starch	75-81	insulin	Homo sapiens	177-184
12746519-0	2003	STA11, a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii locus required for normal starch granule biogenesis, encodes disproportionating enzyme.	Starch	61-67	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	0-5
12746519-2	2003	In Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the presence of a defective STA11 locus results in significantly reduced granular starch deposition displaying major modifications in shape and structure.	Starch	112-118	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	58-63
12746541-6	2003	Such a rhythm might operate by changing the relative activities of starch-synthesizing enzymes: Growth ring formation is disrupted in tubers with reduced activity of a major isoform of starch synthase.	Starch	67-73	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	185-200
12723095-11	2003	Abomasal infusion of protein with starch stimulated a greater pancreatic secretion of alpha-amylase activity into the intestine than infusion of starch alone.	Starch	34-40	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	86-99
12615940-4	2003	Plants homozygous for the zpu1-204 mutation are impaired in transient and storage starch degradation.	Starch	82-88	pullulanase-type starch debranching enzyme 1	Zea mays	26-30
12615940-6	2003	Developing zpu1-204 endosperm accumulates branched maltooligosaccharides not found in the wild type and is deficient in linear maltooligosaccharides, indicating that the pullulanase-type DBE functions in glucan hydrolysis during kernel starch formation.	Starch	236-242	pullulanase-type starch debranching enzyme 1	Zea mays	11-15
12527145-7	2003	This study provides the first evidence that glucokinase (GK) activity and mRNA level in trout liver increase in proportion to the content of dietary starch.	Starch	149-155	glucokinase	Oncorhynchus mykiss	44-55
12695026-4	2003	Aprotinin-loaded starch/bovine serum albumin microcapsules were prepared using interfacial cross-linking with terephthaloyl chloride and characterized for their morphology, size and release of the inhibitor.	Starch	17-23	pancreatic trypsin inhibitor	Bos taurus	0-9
12678563-3	2003	The starch-binding domain (SBD)-encoding region of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus circulans was fused to the sequence encoding the transit peptide (amyloplast entry) of potato granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSS I).	Starch	4-10	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	192-223
12678563-3	2003	The starch-binding domain (SBD)-encoding region of cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase from Bacillus circulans was fused to the sequence encoding the transit peptide (amyloplast entry) of potato granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSS I).	Starch	4-10	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	225-231
12705405-5	2003	Also, alpha-amylase supplementation improved apparent fecal digestibility of organic matter and starch (P &lt; or = 0.01) and AMEn of the diet (P &lt; or = 0.001).	Starch	96-102	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	6-19
12547908-1	2003	Brush-border maltase-glucoamylase (MGA) activity serves as the final step of small intestinal digestion of linear regions of dietary starch to glucose.	Starch	133-139	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	13-33
12547908-1	2003	Brush-border maltase-glucoamylase (MGA) activity serves as the final step of small intestinal digestion of linear regions of dietary starch to glucose.	Starch	133-139	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	35-38
12547908-2	2003	Brush-border sucrase-isomaltase (SI) activity is complementary, through digestion of branched starch linkages.	Starch	94-100	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	13-31
12554730-8	2003	After 2 d under high light conditions leaves of sdd1-1 accumulated 30% higher levels of starch and hexoses than wild-type plants.	Starch	88-94	Subtilase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	48-52
15348488-3	2003	For binary solutions, different HSA and FN protein distribution patterns were observed depending on the starch-based surface.	Starch	104-110	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	40-42
15348488-4	2003	Furthermore, the relative amount of proteins adsorbed onto starch-based surfaces was clearly affected by protein type: a preferential adsorption of VN and FN as compared to HSA was observed.	Starch	59-65	vitronectin	Homo sapiens	148-150
15348488-4	2003	Furthermore, the relative amount of proteins adsorbed onto starch-based surfaces was clearly affected by protein type: a preferential adsorption of VN and FN as compared to HSA was observed.	Starch	59-65	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	155-157
12667599-5	2003	Dietary starch supplemented with myo-inositol potentiated the enhancements in hepatic activities of Phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes such as glutathione S-transferase and 4NP-UDPGT due to DDT feeding.	Starch	8-14	UDP glucuronosyltransferase family 1 member A6	Rattus norvegicus	173-182
12662916-0	2003	Safety evaluation of an alpha-amylase enzyme preparation derived from the archaeal order Thermococcales as expressed in Pseudomonas fluorescens biovar I. BD5088 alpha-amylase derived from archaeal sources has characteristics of pH and temperature tolerance that are well suited to hydrolysis of starch in food processing applications.	Starch	295-301	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	161-174
12511494-8	2003	The amyA::lacS mutant lost the ability to grow on starch, glycogen, or pullulan as sole carbon and energy sources.	Starch	50-56	glycoside hydrolase family 57 protein	Saccharolobus solfataricus	4-8
12511494-1	2003	Sulfolobus solfataricus secretes an acid-resistant alpha-amylase (amyA) during growth on starch as the sole carbon and energy source.	Starch	89-95	glycoside hydrolase family 57 protein	Saccharolobus solfataricus	51-64
12511494-1	2003	Sulfolobus solfataricus secretes an acid-resistant alpha-amylase (amyA) during growth on starch as the sole carbon and energy source.	Starch	89-95	glycoside hydrolase family 57 protein	Saccharolobus solfataricus	66-70
12430772-2	2003	On the basal medium which consisted of cornmeal and salt solution, H. erinaceum produced a strong alpha-amylase on the 15th day after inoculation, which resulted in a 52% degradation of the starch.	Starch	190-196	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Glycine max	98-111
12430772-3	2003	By supplementation with 5-15 g soybean meal per 100 g cornmeal the alpha-amylase activity and degradation rate of starch was raised significantly (P &lt; 0.01).	Starch	114-120	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Glycine max	67-80
12613863-8	2003	Milk yield was greater when cows were fed high-starch diets compared to low-starch diets (38.6 vs 33.9 kg/d) regardless of corn grain treatment.	Starch	47-53	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
12613863-8	2003	Milk yield was greater when cows were fed high-starch diets compared to low-starch diets (38.6 vs 33.9 kg/d) regardless of corn grain treatment.	Starch	76-82	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
12613863-9	2003	High-starch diets increased solids-corrected milk yield by 3.3 kg (35.2 vs 31.9 kg/d) compared to low-starch diets for cows fed DG, but did not increase for cows fed HM.	Starch	5-11	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	45-49
12480317-3	2002	Starch/bovine serum albumin microcapsules with aprotinin were prepared using interfacial cross-linking with terephthaloyl chloride and characterized for their morphology, size and release of the inhibitor.	Starch	0-6	pancreatic trypsin inhibitor	Bos taurus	47-56
12492858-0	2003	Mss11p is a transcription factor regulating pseudohyphal differentiation, invasive growth and starch metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae in response to nutrient availability.	Starch	94-100	Mss11p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-6
12472685-8	2002	For tpt-1/sex1 combining a lack in the TPT with a deficiency in starch mobilisation, an additional compensatory mechanism emerged, i.e. the formation and (most likely) fast turnover of high molecular weight polysaccharides.	Starch	64-70	homogentisate phytyltransferase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	4-9
12495297-6	2002	ACP1 phenotype was determined by starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	33-39	acid phosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	0-4
12452799-0	2002	Modified high amylose starch for immobilization of uricase for therapeutic application.	Starch	22-28	urate oxidase (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	51-58
12432037-0	2002	Isolation and expression of a novel starch-storing cell-specific gene containing the KH RNA binding domain from tobacco-cultured cells BY-2.	Starch	36-42	F-box protein PP2-B11-like	Nicotiana tabacum	135-139
12432037-7	2002	2,4-D addition, which can convert starch-storing cells into dividing cells, to starch-storing BY-2 cells, immediately decreases the SCI2 transcript level, suggesting that SCI2 may have some role in starch-storing cell differentiation in BY-2 cells.	Starch	79-85	F-box protein PP2-B11-like	Nicotiana tabacum	94-98
12432037-7	2002	2,4-D addition, which can convert starch-storing cells into dividing cells, to starch-storing BY-2 cells, immediately decreases the SCI2 transcript level, suggesting that SCI2 may have some role in starch-storing cell differentiation in BY-2 cells.	Starch	79-85	F-box protein PP2-B11-like	Nicotiana tabacum	94-98
12472685-8	2002	For tpt-1/sex1 combining a lack in the TPT with a deficiency in starch mobilisation, an additional compensatory mechanism emerged, i.e. the formation and (most likely) fast turnover of high molecular weight polysaccharides.	Starch	64-70	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	10-14
12506981-0	2002	Purification and characterization of a novel fungal alpha-glucosidase from Mortierella alliacea with high starch-hydrolytic activity.	Starch	106-112	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	52-69
12423336-4	2002	Compared to wild-type, Met53Glu/Asp AMY1 displayed 117/90% activity towards insoluble Blue Starch, and Met53Ala/Ser/Gly 76/58/38%, but Met53Tyr/Trp only 0.9/0.1%, even though both Asp and Trp occur frequently at this position in family 13.	Starch	91-97	LOC548210	Hordeum vulgare	36-40
12506981-2	2002	Here, a alpha-glucosidase responsible for the starch hydrolysis was purified from the culture broth through four-step column chromatography.	Starch	46-52	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	8-25
12153578-9	2002	We show that GBSSI is capable of synthesizing a significant number of crystalline structures within starch.	Starch	100-106	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	13-18
12213405-3	2002	A model antigen, human serum albumin (HSA), which is not binding to the gut epithelium, was covalently coupled to the highly porous starch particles.	Starch	132-138	albumin	Mus musculus	23-36
12234486-3	2002	To address DBE functions in starch assembly and breakdown, this study characterized the biochemical activity of ZPU1, a pullulanase-type DBE that is the product of the maize Zpu1 gene.	Starch	28-34	pullulanase-type starch debranching enzyme 1	Zea mays	112-116
12209381-1	2002	OBJECTIVE: Consumption of a meal high in amylose starch (70%) decreases peak insulin and glucose levels and area under the curve (AUC).	Starch	49-55	insulin	Homo sapiens	77-84
12209381-10	2002	Insulin response and AUC were significantly lower after the 60 and 70% amylose starch breads than after the glucose or the other breads.	Starch	79-85	insulin	Homo sapiens	0-7
12209381-11	2002	CONCLUSION: Results indicate that the amylose content of the starch used in the acute meal needs to be greater than 50% to significantly reduce plasma glucose and insulin in men and women.	Starch	61-67	insulin	Homo sapiens	163-170
12106595-3	2002	Both increased TBARS and lower Cu-Zn-SOD activity were found in heart from high sucrose fed rats compared to rats on a starch diet.	Starch	119-125	superoxide dismutase 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-40
12111225-1	2002	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), a key enzyme in starch biosynthesis of higher plants, consists of a pair of regulatory large (LS) and catalytically small (SS) subunits.	Starch	56-62	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	31-37
32689548-0	2002	Starch synthesis in potato tubers transformed with the wheat genes for ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase.	Starch	0-6	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	71-99
32689548-1	2002	The aim of this work was to study the role of ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) in starch biosynthesis of non-photosynthetic organs.	Starch	87-93	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	46-74
32689548-1	2002	The aim of this work was to study the role of ADPglucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) in starch biosynthesis of non-photosynthetic organs.	Starch	87-93	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	76-82
12195800-24	2002	Wheat lipase activity was negatively correlated with individual lipid (r = -0.179; P &lt; 0.05) and starch (r = -0.225; P &lt; 0.01) digestibilities and with individual diet AMEn (r = -0.266; P &lt; 0.001).	Starch	100-106	probable feruloyl esterase A	Triticum aestivum	6-12
12111225-1	2002	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), a key enzyme in starch biosynthesis of higher plants, consists of a pair of regulatory large (LS) and catalytically small (SS) subunits.	Starch	56-62	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	0-29
12022498-7	2002	The degradation of chlorpyrifos in soil from the starch formulations could be described in a non-linear logistic model and the half-life was predicted to be 88 days.	Starch	49-55	Brahma associated protein 170kD	Drosophila melanogaster	127-136
12060250-7	2002	The high degree of similarity in the spatial pattern and the temporal induction of sucrose synthase and fructokinase suggests a tightly co-ordinated coarse (up)regulation, which may be subject to a sugar-modulated mechanism(s) by which genes involved in the metabolic sucrose-starch converting potential are co-ordinately regulated during tuber growth.	Starch	276-282	fructokinase	Solanum tuberosum	104-116
11855730-0	2002	Identification of Mutator insertional mutants of starch-branching enzyme 1 (sbe1) in Zea mays L. Starch-branching enzymes (SBE) alter starch structure by breaking an alpha-1,4 linkage and attaching the reducing end of the new chain to a glucan chain by an alpha 1,6 bond.	Starch	97-103	starch branching enzyme 1	Zea mays	49-74
11880558-0	2002	Postruminal administration of partially hydrolyzed starch and casein influences pancreatic alpha-amylase expression in calves.	Starch	51-57	alpha amylase	Bos taurus	91-104
11880558-1	2002	The objective was to examine the effects of postruminal partially hydrolyzed starch (SH) and/or casein on the expression of pancreatic alpha-amylase mRNA, protein and activity in calves.	Starch	77-83	alpha amylase	Bos taurus	135-148
11883435-18	2002	2, plasma insulin concentration was lower for the basal diet before feeding (P &lt; 0.05) and higher for the starch diet after feeding (P &lt; 0.01); insulin:glucose ratio increased (P &lt; 0.01) after feeding for starch compared to oil and fat.	Starch	109-115	insulin	Sus scrofa	10-17
11883435-18	2002	2, plasma insulin concentration was lower for the basal diet before feeding (P &lt; 0.05) and higher for the starch diet after feeding (P &lt; 0.01); insulin:glucose ratio increased (P &lt; 0.01) after feeding for starch compared to oil and fat.	Starch	214-220	insulin	Sus scrofa	10-17
11972778-11	2002	Caspase-3-like protein or Xanthomonas caspase was detected only in the cells of XcgAM2 growing in LB medium and not in those growing in starch medium.	Starch	136-142	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	0-9
11830676-2	2002	The allosteric enzyme ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) plays a key role in regulating starch biosynthesis in cereal seeds and is likely the most important determinant of seed sink strength.	Starch	89-95	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase small subunit, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Triticum aestivum	22-51
11830676-2	2002	The allosteric enzyme ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) plays a key role in regulating starch biosynthesis in cereal seeds and is likely the most important determinant of seed sink strength.	Starch	89-95	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase small subunit, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Triticum aestivum	53-56
11796174-8	2002	In addition, the IGF-1-induced response was abolished by the IGF-1 receptor antagonist H-1356 in both groups, and by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-NAME in starch but not sucrose myocytes.	Starch	163-169	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	17-22
11855730-0	2002	Identification of Mutator insertional mutants of starch-branching enzyme 1 (sbe1) in Zea mays L. Starch-branching enzymes (SBE) alter starch structure by breaking an alpha-1,4 linkage and attaching the reducing end of the new chain to a glucan chain by an alpha 1,6 bond.	Starch	97-103	starch branching enzyme 1	Zea mays	76-80
11925034-8	2002	In summary, we conclude that cytosolic PGM plays a crucial role in the sucrose synthetic pathway within the leaf and in starch accumulation within the tuber, and as such is important in the maintenance of sink-source relationships.	Starch	120-126	phosphoglucomutase	Solanum tuberosum	39-42
11855730-0	2002	Identification of Mutator insertional mutants of starch-branching enzyme 1 (sbe1) in Zea mays L. Starch-branching enzymes (SBE) alter starch structure by breaking an alpha-1,4 linkage and attaching the reducing end of the new chain to a glucan chain by an alpha 1,6 bond.	Starch	49-55	starch branching enzyme 1	Zea mays	76-80
11772019-1	2002	Human pancreatic alpha-amylase (HPA) is a member of the alpha-amylase family involved in the degradation of starch.	Starch	108-114	amylase alpha 2A	Homo sapiens	6-30
11782206-1	2002	The relationship between pasta texture and physicostructural characteristics was determined in relation to potential starch degradation and subsequent glucose release.	Starch	117-123	solute carrier family 45 member 1	Homo sapiens	25-30
11598080-11	2001	Taken together, these results suggest that AbpA of S. gordonii functions as an adhesin to amylase-coated hydroxyapatite, in salivary-amylase-mediated catabolism of dietary starches and in human saliva-supported biofilm formation by S. gordonii.	Starch	172-180	filamin C	Homo sapiens	43-47
11849593-1	2001	High-level constitutive expression of the cell-to-cell movement protein from the phloem-restricted potato leafroll virus (PLRV-MP17) in transgenic tobacco plants leads to growth retardation and severe phenotypic changes of source leaves paralleled by a drastic accumulation of soluble sugars and starch (Herbers et al., 1997).	Starch	296-302	lens intrinsic membrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	127-131
11849593-6	2001	Low expression of MP17 and MP17:GFP decreased soluble sugars and starch contents in leaves possibly due to changes in plasmodesmal permeability while increasing MP17 protein levels led to carbohydrate accumulation and a stunted growth.	Starch	65-71	lens intrinsic membrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	18-22
11849593-6	2001	Low expression of MP17 and MP17:GFP decreased soluble sugars and starch contents in leaves possibly due to changes in plasmodesmal permeability while increasing MP17 protein levels led to carbohydrate accumulation and a stunted growth.	Starch	65-71	lens intrinsic membrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	27-31
11849593-6	2001	Low expression of MP17 and MP17:GFP decreased soluble sugars and starch contents in leaves possibly due to changes in plasmodesmal permeability while increasing MP17 protein levels led to carbohydrate accumulation and a stunted growth.	Starch	65-71	lens intrinsic membrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	27-31
11524424-1	2001	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is a key regulatory enzyme of bacterial glycogen and plant starch synthesis as it controls carbon flux via its allosteric regulatory behavior.	Starch	98-104	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	0-29
11524424-1	2001	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) is a key regulatory enzyme of bacterial glycogen and plant starch synthesis as it controls carbon flux via its allosteric regulatory behavior.	Starch	98-104	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	31-37
11842235-1	2002	The thermal stability of alpha-glucosidase is important because the conversion of starch to fermentable sugars during industrial production of ethanol (e.g. brewing, fuel ethanol production) typically takes place at temperatures of 65-73 degrees C. In this study we investigate the thermostability of alpha-glucosidases from four plant species, compare their deduced amino acid sequences, and test the effect of substituting a proline for the residue present in the wild-type enzyme on the thermostability of alpha-glucosidase.	Starch	82-88	Agl1	Hordeum vulgare	25-42
11842235-1	2002	The thermal stability of alpha-glucosidase is important because the conversion of starch to fermentable sugars during industrial production of ethanol (e.g. brewing, fuel ethanol production) typically takes place at temperatures of 65-73 degrees C. In this study we investigate the thermostability of alpha-glucosidases from four plant species, compare their deduced amino acid sequences, and test the effect of substituting a proline for the residue present in the wild-type enzyme on the thermostability of alpha-glucosidase.	Starch	82-88	Agl1	Hordeum vulgare	301-318
11743123-8	2001	The leaves of ram1 plants accumulate wild-type levels of starch, soluble sugars, anthocyanin, and chlorophyll.	Starch	57-63	beta-amylase 5	Arabidopsis thaliana	14-18
11699452-10	2001	In this study, extent of grain processing and intake of ruminal available starch were the most influential factors affecting milk production.	Starch	74-80	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	125-129
12126295-7	2001	Liver activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and fatty acid synthetase were negatively correlated with fat intake and positively with starch intake, whereas malic enzyme was little affected by dietary treatments.	Starch	143-149	glucose-6-phosphate-1-dehydrogenase	Oncorhynchus mykiss	20-53
11758695-1	2001	In a previous starch-gel electrophoresis study of erythrocyte phosphoglucomutase-1 (PGM1) in 23,095 Japanese from Hiroshima and Nagasaki, we detected 14 types of rare variant alleles.	Starch	14-20	phosphoglucomutase 1	Homo sapiens	62-82
11758695-1	2001	In a previous starch-gel electrophoresis study of erythrocyte phosphoglucomutase-1 (PGM1) in 23,095 Japanese from Hiroshima and Nagasaki, we detected 14 types of rare variant alleles.	Starch	14-20	phosphoglucomutase 1	Homo sapiens	84-88
11694656-6	2001	Many studies indicate that dietary patterns that stimulate insulin resistance or secretion, including high consumption of sucrose, various sources of starch, a high glycemic index and high saturated fatty acid intake, are associated with a higher risk of colon cancer.	Starch	150-156	insulin	Homo sapiens	59-66
11487701-0	2001	The Arabidopsis sex1 mutant is defective in the R1 protein, a general regulator of starch degradation in plants, and not in the chloroplast hexose transporter.	Starch	83-89	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	16-20
11673625-7	2001	It is consequently concluded that, during the acclimation to CO(2 )enrichment, the suppression of photosynthesis through end-product inhibition was mainly caused by a lowering of the carboxylation efficiency of RuBPcase due to hindrance of CO(2) diffusion from the intercellular space to the stroma in chloroplasts brought about by the large accumulation of starch.	Starch	358-364	ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase small subunit, chloroplastic 1	Glycine max	211-219
11553737-4	2001	In the ppi2 mutant, in contrast to the extremely defective plastids in mesophyll cells, chloroplasts in guard cells still contained starch granules and thylakoid membranes.	Starch	132-138	proton pump interactor 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	7-11
11565038-3	2001	Hp phenotyping performed by starch-gel electrophoresis produced a haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex of three phenotypes: Hp1-1, Hp2-2, and Hp2-1.	Starch	28-34	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	66-77
11565038-3	2001	Hp phenotyping performed by starch-gel electrophoresis produced a haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex of three phenotypes: Hp1-1, Hp2-2, and Hp2-1.	Starch	28-34	defensin alpha 1	Homo sapiens	118-123
11676026-2	2001	An alpha-amylase-added Caco-2 system was established as a useful model to evaluate the effects of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors on starch digestion.	Starch	130-136	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	98-115
11570990-2	2001	Bean flours with low or high content of resistant starch (RS), mainly raw and physically-inaccessible starch, were obtained by milling the beans before or after boiling.	Starch	50-56	brain expressed, associated with NEDD4, 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
11487701-7	2001	By complementation of the mutant, immunological analysis, and analysis of starch phosphorylation, we show that sex1 is defective in the Arabidopsis homolog of the R1 protein and not in the hexose transporter.	Starch	74-80	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	111-115
11487701-8	2001	We propose that the SEX1 protein (R1) functions as an overall regulator of starch mobilization by controlling the phosphate content of starch.	Starch	75-81	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	20-24
11487701-8	2001	We propose that the SEX1 protein (R1) functions as an overall regulator of starch mobilization by controlling the phosphate content of starch.	Starch	135-141	Pyruvate phosphate dikinase, PEP/pyruvate binding domain-containing protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	20-24
11404037-1	2001	This paper investigates the effect of starch microspheres on the absorption enhancing efficiency of various enhancer systems in formulations with insulin after application in the nasal cavity of sheep.	Starch	38-44	LOC105613195	Ovis aries	146-153
11523773-0	2001	Multiple allelism as a control mechanism in metabolic pathways: GBSSI allelic composition affects the activity of granule-bound starch synthase I and starch composition in potato.	Starch	128-134	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	64-69
11404037-4	2001	The bioadhesive starch microspheres were shown to increase synergistically the effect of the absorption enhancers on the transport of the insulin across the nasal membrane.	Starch	16-22	LOC105613195	Ovis aries	138-145
11506365-6	2001	In tuber discs the control coefficient of plastidial PGM over starch synthesis was estimated as 0.36, indicating that this enzyme exerts considerable control over starch synthesis within the potato tuber.	Starch	62-68	phosphoglucomutase	Solanum tuberosum	53-56
11457964-7	2001	There was also a statistically significant negative correlation between NADME activity and tuber starch content, with tubers containing reduced NADME having an increased starch content.	Starch	97-103	NAD-dependent malic enzyme 59 kDa isoform, mitochondrial	Solanum tuberosum	72-77
11506365-6	2001	In tuber discs the control coefficient of plastidial PGM over starch synthesis was estimated as 0.36, indicating that this enzyme exerts considerable control over starch synthesis within the potato tuber.	Starch	163-169	phosphoglucomutase	Solanum tuberosum	53-56
11457964-7	2001	There was also a statistically significant negative correlation between NADME activity and tuber starch content, with tubers containing reduced NADME having an increased starch content.	Starch	170-176	NAD-dependent malic enzyme 59 kDa isoform, mitochondrial	Solanum tuberosum	144-149
11506365-0	2001	The contribution of plastidial phosphoglucomutase to the control of starch synthesis within the potato tuber.	Starch	68-74	phosphoglucomutase	Solanum tuberosum	31-49
11506365-1	2001	The aim of this work was to evaluate the extent to which plastidial phosphoglucomutase (PGM) activity controls starch synthesis within potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv.	Starch	111-117	phosphoglucomutase	Solanum tuberosum	68-86
11402215-0	2001	Induction of ApL3 expression by trehalose complements the starch-deficient Arabidopsis mutant adg2-1 lacking ApL1, the large subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase.	Starch	58-64	Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	13-17
11506365-1	2001	The aim of this work was to evaluate the extent to which plastidial phosphoglucomutase (PGM) activity controls starch synthesis within potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv.	Starch	111-117	phosphoglucomutase	Solanum tuberosum	88-91
11506365-3	2001	The reduction in the activity of plastidial PGM led to both a correlative reduction in starch accumulation and an increased sucrose accumulation.	Starch	87-93	phosphoglucomutase	Solanum tuberosum	44-47
11506365-4	2001	The control coefficient of plastidial PGM on the accumulation of starch was estimated to approximate 0.24.	Starch	65-71	phosphoglucomutase	Solanum tuberosum	38-41
11402203-4	2001	Plant lines with Fru-2,6-P(2) levels down to 5% of the levels observed in wild-type (WT) plants had significantly altered partitioning of carbon between sucrose (Suc) versus starch.	Starch	174-180	FER-like regulator of iron uptake	Arabidopsis thaliana	17-20
11402203-5	2001	The ratio of (14)C incorporated into Suc and starch increased 2- to 3-fold in the plants with low levels of Fru-2,6-P(2) compared with WT.	Starch	45-51	FER-like regulator of iron uptake	Arabidopsis thaliana	108-111
11402215-4	2001	In a mutant lacking the large AGPase subunit, ApL1, (adg2-1 mutant) growth on trehalose restored AGPase activity and led to a strong accumulation of starch in the shoots.	Starch	149-155	ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase large subunit 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	46-50
11402215-7	2001	In addition, root elongation in the mutants, especially in the adg1-1 mutant, was partially resistant to trehalose, suggesting that the induction of ApL3 expression and the resulting accumulation of starch in the shoots were partially responsible for the effects of trehalose on the growth of wild-type plants.	Starch	199-205	ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	63-69
11402215-7	2001	In addition, root elongation in the mutants, especially in the adg1-1 mutant, was partially resistant to trehalose, suggesting that the induction of ApL3 expression and the resulting accumulation of starch in the shoots were partially responsible for the effects of trehalose on the growth of wild-type plants.	Starch	199-205	Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	149-153
11525517-6	2001	The Pi-status-dependent changes in Ugp expression followed the same patterns as those of ApS, a gene encoding the small subunit of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, a key enzyme of starch synthesis.	Starch	178-184	UDP-GLUCOSE PYROPHOSPHORYLASE 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	35-38
11432905-3	2001	Key reactions are (1) the continuous rapid degradation of sucrose in the cytosol by sucrose synthase (SuSy), (2) sucrose re-synthesis via either SuSy or sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), (3) sucrose hydrolysis in the vacuole or apoplast by acid invertase, (4) subsequent transport of hexoses to the cytosol where they are once more converted into sucrose, and (5) rapid synthesis and breakdown of starch in the amyloplast.	Starch	397-403	sucrose synthase	Solanum lycopersicum	84-100
11432905-3	2001	Key reactions are (1) the continuous rapid degradation of sucrose in the cytosol by sucrose synthase (SuSy), (2) sucrose re-synthesis via either SuSy or sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), (3) sucrose hydrolysis in the vacuole or apoplast by acid invertase, (4) subsequent transport of hexoses to the cytosol where they are once more converted into sucrose, and (5) rapid synthesis and breakdown of starch in the amyloplast.	Starch	397-403	sucrose-phosphate synthase	Solanum lycopersicum	153-179
11325178-14	2001	An adequate DIP:TDN balance decreased the negative associative effects often observed when large quantities of high-starch supplements are fed with low-quality hay.	Starch	116-122	GRAM domain containing 4	Bos taurus	12-15
11346956-7	2001	The effect of SPS on growth was the result of a shift in partitioning of carbon among starch, sucrose, and ionic compounds (primarily amino acids), rather than of an increase in net photosynthesis.	Starch	86-92	sucrose-phosphate synthase	Solanum lycopersicum	14-17
11346957-6	2001	The increase in activity and transcript level of beta-amylase was delayed, indicating that this enzyme could be important in starch-to-sucrose metabolism in bananas and that it might be, at least partially, controlled at the transcriptional level.	Starch	125-131	beta-amylase	Musa acuminata	49-61
11346957-7	2001	This is the first report showing that IAA can delay starch degradation, possibly affecting the activity of hydrolytic enzymes such as beta-amylase (EC 3.2.1.2).	Starch	52-58	beta-amylase	Musa acuminata	134-146
11339937-5	2001	The use of alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) to modify porosity and surface properties of starch resulted in materials with enhanced water sorption properties compared to the native material.	Starch	83-89	alpha-amylase	Zea mays	11-24
11359613-4	2001	During the diurnal cycle, the amount of leaf starch is higher in dpe1-1 than in wild type and the amylose to amylopectin ratio is increased, but amylopectin structure is unaltered.	Starch	45-51	disproportionating enzyme	Arabidopsis thaliana	65-69
11359613-5	2001	The amounts of starch synthesised and degraded are lower in dpe1-1 than in wild type.	Starch	15-21	disproportionating enzyme	Arabidopsis thaliana	60-64
11359613-7	2001	During starch degradation, a large accumulation of malto-oligosaccharides occurs in dpe1-1 but not in wild type.	Starch	7-13	disproportionating enzyme	Arabidopsis thaliana	84-88
11359613-9	2001	The slower rate of starch degradation in dpe1-1 suggests that malto-oligosaccharides affect an enzyme that attacks the starch granule, or that D-enzyme itself can act directly on starch.	Starch	19-25	disproportionating enzyme	Arabidopsis thaliana	41-45
11359613-9	2001	The slower rate of starch degradation in dpe1-1 suggests that malto-oligosaccharides affect an enzyme that attacks the starch granule, or that D-enzyme itself can act directly on starch.	Starch	119-125	disproportionating enzyme	Arabidopsis thaliana	41-45
11359613-9	2001	The slower rate of starch degradation in dpe1-1 suggests that malto-oligosaccharides affect an enzyme that attacks the starch granule, or that D-enzyme itself can act directly on starch.	Starch	119-125	disproportionating enzyme	Arabidopsis thaliana	41-45
11359613-10	2001	The effects on starch synthesis and composition in dpe1-1 under normal diurnal conditions are probably a consequence of metabolism at the start of the light period, of the high levels of malto-oligosaccharides generated during the dark period.	Starch	15-21	disproportionating enzyme	Arabidopsis thaliana	51-55
11269692-0	2001	Low density lipoprotein receptor mRNA in rat liver is affected by resistant starch of beans.	Starch	76-82	low density lipoprotein receptor	Rattus norvegicus	0-32
11342250-0	2001	An investigation of the action of porcine pancreatic alpha-amylase on native and gelatinised starches.	Starch	93-101	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	53-66
11342250-1	2001	The action of pancreatic alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) on various starches has been studied in order to achieve better understanding of how starch structural properties influence enzyme kinetic parameters.	Starch	63-71	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	25-38
11342250-1	2001	The action of pancreatic alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) on various starches has been studied in order to achieve better understanding of how starch structural properties influence enzyme kinetic parameters.	Starch	63-69	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	25-38
11342250-3	2001	Using starches from a number of different sources, in both native and gelatinised forms, as substrates for porcine alpha-amylase, we showed by enzyme kinetic studies that adsorption of amylase to starch is of kinetic importance in the reaction mechanism, so that the relationship between reaction velocity and enzyme concentration [E0] is logarithmic and described by the Freundlich equation.	Starch	6-14	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	115-128
11342250-3	2001	Using starches from a number of different sources, in both native and gelatinised forms, as substrates for porcine alpha-amylase, we showed by enzyme kinetic studies that adsorption of amylase to starch is of kinetic importance in the reaction mechanism, so that the relationship between reaction velocity and enzyme concentration [E0] is logarithmic and described by the Freundlich equation.	Starch	6-12	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	115-128
11342250-14	2001	We conclude that although alpha-amylase is present in high activity in digestive fluid, the enzymic hydrolysis of starch may be a limiting factor in carbohydrate digestion because of factors related to the physico-chemical properties of starchy foods.	Starch	114-120	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	26-39
11244119-7	2001	Characterization of leaf starch from sbe2a::Mu mutants shows reduced branching similar to yet more extreme than that seen in kernels lacking SBEIIb activity.	Starch	25-31	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic-like	Zea mays	37-42
11244119-8	2001	Characterization of endosperm starch from sbe2a::Mu mutants shows branching that is indistinguishable from wild-type controls.	Starch	30-36	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic-like	Zea mays	42-47
11244120-3	2001	This study characterized the recessive mutations su1-Ref, su1-R4582::Mu1, and su1-st, regarding their molecular basis, chemical phenotypes, and effects on starch metabolizing enzymes.	Starch	155-161	isoamylase 1, chloroplastic	Zea mays	58-61
11244120-3	2001	This study characterized the recessive mutations su1-Ref, su1-R4582::Mu1, and su1-st, regarding their molecular basis, chemical phenotypes, and effects on starch metabolizing enzymes.	Starch	155-161	isoamylase 1, chloroplastic	Zea mays	58-61
11164178-3	2001	The Gly-I phenotypes in these specimens were assessed by nondenaturing starch-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.	Starch	71-77	glyoxalase I	Homo sapiens	4-9
11208806-2	2001	We have isolated mutant strains defective in the STA6 locus of the monocellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii that fail to accumulate starch and lack ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase activity.	Starch	141-147	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	49-53
11227031-7	2001	The percentage of starch hydrolysed after 5 h in vitro hydrolysis with alpha-amylase was about 30 % lower for potato dumplings than for the other foods.	Starch	18-24	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	71-84
11204706-7	2001	The efficiency of N utilization improved in the low degradable starch treatment, which had lower N excretion (65%) and higher protein concentration in milk.	Starch	63-69	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	151-155
11368242-3	2001	IGF-I levels were higher with the starch-rich than with the fat-rich diet at days 7, 21, 22, and 24 p.p.	Starch	34-40	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
10954083-6	2000	The lack of starch biosynthesis in stf1 is accompanied by the accumulation of soluble sugars.	Starch	12-18	phosphoglucomutase	Arabidopsis thaliana	35-39
11242478-5	2000	Electrophoretic mobility shift assay using CE-LPH1 and the related cis-element of SI gene (SIF1) revealed that nuclear extracts from the jejunum of rats fed the high-starch diet gave greater density of retarded bands than those of rats fed the low-starch diet.	Starch	166-172	sucrase-isomaltase	Rattus norvegicus	82-84
11242478-5	2000	Electrophoretic mobility shift assay using CE-LPH1 and the related cis-element of SI gene (SIF1) revealed that nuclear extracts from the jejunum of rats fed the high-starch diet gave greater density of retarded bands than those of rats fed the low-starch diet.	Starch	248-254	sucrase-isomaltase	Rattus norvegicus	82-84
10972187-1	2000	The gene for the alpha-glucosidase AglA of the hyperthermophilic bacterium Thermotoga maritima MSB8, which was identified by phenotypic screening of a T. maritima gene library, is located within a cluster of genes involved in the hydrolysis of starch and maltodextrins and the uptake of maltooligosaccharides.	Starch	244-250	alpha-glucosidase/alpha-galactosidase	Thermotoga maritima MSB8	17-34
10984015-2	2000	We compared the pharmacodynamics and tolerability of ACS with those ofhydroxyethyl starch (HES) in 32 patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I and II) undergoing elective surgery.	Starch	83-89	ribosome binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	91-94
10961161-2	2000	The alpha-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose increases the amount of starch entering the colon, and has been shown to increase faecal butyrate in humans.	Starch	65-71	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	4-21
10961162-1	2000	This study investigated how readily achievable changes to the quantity and processing of starchy foods in a typical Western diet: (1) were reflected in levels of resistant starch (RS) and NSP excreted from the small intestine; and (2) more favourable profiles of butyrate, NH3 and phenol production.	Starch	89-95	sperm antigen with calponin homology and coiled-coil domains 1	Homo sapiens	188-191
11063571-3	2000	With purified native beta-amylases from both mature barley grain and germinated barley, we found that the beta-amylase from germinated barley had significantly higher thermostability and substrate binding affinity for starch than that from mature barley grain.	Starch	218-224	1,4-alpha-D-glucan maltohydrolase	Hordeum vulgare	21-33
11017929-4	2000	TF phenotypes were determined using starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	36-42	transferrin	Homo sapiens	0-2
10982426-5	2000	The accumulation of starch in the shoots of trehalose-treated seedlings was accompanied by an increased activity of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and an induction of the expression of the ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase gene, ApL3.	Starch	20-26	Glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase family protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	224-228
10982440-6	2000	Immunoblot analysis of proteins produced in developing wheat kernels demonstrated that the 152-kD SBEIc was, in contrast to the 87- to 88-kD SBEI, preferentially associated with the starch granules.	Starch	182-188	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Triticum aestivum	98-102
10908065-5	2000	Site of starch digestion affects the form of metabolic fuel absorbed, which can affect DMI because absorbed propionate appears to be more hypophagic than lactate or absorbed glucose.	Starch	8-14	DMI	Bos taurus	87-90
10929100-6	2000	As tubers from these lines exhibited no changes in the maximal catalytic activities of other key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism, we conclude that plastidial PGM forms part of the starch biosynthetic pathway of the potato tuber, and that glucose-6-phosphate is the major precursor taken up by amyloplasts in order to support starch synthesis.	Starch	183-189	phosphoglucomutase, cytoplasmic	Solanum tuberosum	161-164
10806248-2	2000	While pgi1-1 mutant has a deficiency in leaf starch synthesis, it accumulates starch in root cap cells.	Starch	45-51	phosphoglucose isomerase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	6-12
10877393-9	2000	Milk protein content and yield, however, were higher in silages made from medium fertilized grass and also increased with increased starch content of the concentrate.	Starch	132-138	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
10794725-2	2000	The binding of lcACoA esters by ACBP stimulated the utilization of Glc6P for fatty acid synthesis, starch synthesis and reductant supply via the oxidative pentose phosphate (OPP) pathway.	Starch	99-105	acyl-CoA-binding protein	Brassica napus	32-36
10742581-0	2000	Evaluation of starch-maltodextrin-Carbopol 974 P mixtures for the nasal delivery of insulin in rabbits.	Starch	14-20	insulin	Oryctolagus cuniculus	84-91
10806248-4	2000	The decreased starch content in leaves of the pgi1-1 mutant indicates that cytosolic Glc-6-P cannot be efficiently transported into chloroplasts to complement the mutant"s deficiency in chloroplastic phospho-Glc isomerase activity for starch synthesis.	Starch	14-20	phosphoglucose isomerase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	46-52
10806248-4	2000	The decreased starch content in leaves of the pgi1-1 mutant indicates that cytosolic Glc-6-P cannot be efficiently transported into chloroplasts to complement the mutant"s deficiency in chloroplastic phospho-Glc isomerase activity for starch synthesis.	Starch	235-241	phosphoglucose isomerase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	46-52
10806248-7	2000	While the flowering times of the Arabidopsis starch-deficient mutants pgi1, pgm1, and adg1 were similar to that of the wild type under long-day conditions, it was significantly delayed under short-day conditions.	Starch	45-51	phosphoglucose isomerase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	70-74
10806248-7	2000	While the flowering times of the Arabidopsis starch-deficient mutants pgi1, pgm1, and adg1 were similar to that of the wild type under long-day conditions, it was significantly delayed under short-day conditions.	Starch	45-51	phosphoglucomutase	Arabidopsis thaliana	76-80
10806248-7	2000	While the flowering times of the Arabidopsis starch-deficient mutants pgi1, pgm1, and adg1 were similar to that of the wild type under long-day conditions, it was significantly delayed under short-day conditions.	Starch	45-51	ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	86-90
10759515-9	2000	Our results indicate that plastidic PGM is an important factor affecting carbon flux in triacylglycerol accumulation in oilseed plants, most likely through its essential role in starch synthesis.	Starch	178-184	phosphoglucomutase	Arabidopsis thaliana	36-39
10709931-8	2000	During lactation, postprandial plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were higher for sows fed the starch diet than for those fed the fat diet (P&lt;.001), whereas feeding level had no effect.	Starch	102-108	insulin	Homo sapiens	50-57
10690361-1	2000	There are seven known genetic variants of bovine beta-casein (beta-CN)--A1, A2, A3, B, C, D and E. In this study, we identified a new genetic variant (named beta-CN H) which migrates slower than the other variants in acidic starch gel electrophoresis.	Starch	224-230	casein beta	Bos taurus	49-60
10750894-11	2000	Enzymes involved in starch mobilisation or utilisation, such as alpha-amylase or hexokinase were increased in alphaTPT plants and, in the case of amylases, decreased in FtTPT overexpressors.	Starch	20-26	hexokinase-1	Nicotiana tabacum	81-91
10648165-8	2000	The thermostability of recombinant alpha-glucosidase was determined at pH 4, where activity is optimal, and at pH 5 and 6, which better mimic the conditions used to convert barley starch to fermentable sugars during industrial processing.	Starch	180-186	Agl1	Hordeum vulgare	35-52
10631269-1	2000	Studies of waxy mutations in wheat and other cereals have shown that null mutations in genes encoding granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) result in amylose-free starch in endosperm and pollen grains, whereas starch in other tissues may contain amylose.	Starch	116-122	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	135-140
10841462-7	2000	Concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-I in week 19 were lower in cows fed TGA and FFA than in those fed the starch-rich ration.	Starch	115-121	insulin like growth factor 1	Bos taurus	18-46
10631269-1	2000	Studies of waxy mutations in wheat and other cereals have shown that null mutations in genes encoding granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI) result in amylose-free starch in endosperm and pollen grains, whereas starch in other tissues may contain amylose.	Starch	165-171	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	135-140
10588758-7	1999	The overexpression of thioredoxin h in the endosperm of germinated grain effected up to a 4-fold increase in the activity of the starch debranching enzyme, pullulanase (limit dextrinase), the enzyme that specifically cleaves alpha-1,6 linkages in starch.	Starch	129-135	thioredoxin H4-2	Triticum aestivum	22-33
10476059-3	1999	(i) In the absence of water stress, a 70-80% decrease in SPS activity led to a 30-50% inhibition of sucrose synthesis and a slight (10-20%) increase of starch synthesis in tuber discs in short-term labelling experiments with low concentrations of labelled glucose.	Starch	152-158	probable sucrose-phosphate synthase	Solanum tuberosum	57-60
10506412-5	1999	Recombinant apolipoprotein A-1, the Milano variant, was extracted from E. coli fermentation solution in a primary Breox-starch phase system followed by thermal separation of the Breox phase where the target protein was recovered in the water phase.	Starch	120-126	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	12-30
10506412-7	1999	The addition of non-ionic surfactants to the Breox-starch system had strong effect on the purification and yield of the amphiphilic apolipoprotein A-1.	Starch	51-57	apolipoprotein A1	Homo sapiens	132-150
10596967-4	1999	In contrast, mice fed this diet with added cholesterol or with sucrose substituted by corn starch led to marked delays (8-10 weeks) in the elevations of insulin and leptin, although body weight gains were nearly identical among test diet groups.	Starch	91-97	leptin	Mus musculus	165-171
10482667-0	1999	Antisense repression of hexokinase 1 leads to an overaccumulation of starch in leaves of transgenic potato plants but not to significant changes in tuber carbohydrate metabolism.	Starch	69-75	hexokinase-1	Solanum tuberosum	24-36
18944733-5	1999	The effect of TI on the production of amyloglucosidase, another enzyme involved in starch metabolism by the fungus, was quite different.	Starch	83-89	Bowman-Birk type bran trypsin inhibitor	Zea mays	14-16
10436226-0	1999	The influence of alterations in ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase activities on starch structure and composition in potato tubers.	Starch	76-82	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Solanum tuberosum	32-61
10941794-1	1999	The alpha-amylase from Sulfolobus solfataricus has the commercially important ability to hydrolyze glycosyltrehalose and can be used for the production of trehalose from soluble starch.	Starch	178-184	glycoside hydrolase family 57 protein	Saccharolobus solfataricus	4-17
10444082-0	1999	Genetic and biochemical evidence for the involvement of alpha-1,4 glucanotransferases in amylopectin synthesis We describe a novel mutation in the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii STA11 gene, which results in significantly reduced granular starch deposition and major modifications in amylopectin structure and granule shape.	Starch	234-240	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	174-179
10476059-11	1999	(iv) The results show that operation of SPS and the sucrose cycle in growing potato tubers may lead to a marginal decrease in starch accumulation in non-stressed plants.	Starch	126-132	probable sucrose-phosphate synthase	Solanum tuberosum	40-43
10212459-7	1999	Increasing the ratio of rumen-degradable starch to rumen-degradable protein increased milk protein content and yield linearly and increased contents of lactose and solids nonfat.	Starch	41-47	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	86-90
10437827-0	1999	Analyses of isoamylase gene activity in wild-type barley indicate its involvement in starch synthesis.	Starch	85-91	Hviso3	Hordeum vulgare	12-22
10437827-4	1999	We wished to find out if isoamylase takes part in starch synthesis by comparing isoamylase gene activity under three conditions: (1) during starch accumulation in developing sink tissues; (2) during starch degradation in germinating seeds; (3) in ectopic expression after applying sucrose, a starch precursor.	Starch	50-56	Hviso3	Hordeum vulgare	25-35
10437827-4	1999	We wished to find out if isoamylase takes part in starch synthesis by comparing isoamylase gene activity under three conditions: (1) during starch accumulation in developing sink tissues; (2) during starch degradation in germinating seeds; (3) in ectopic expression after applying sucrose, a starch precursor.	Starch	140-146	Hviso3	Hordeum vulgare	25-35
10437827-4	1999	We wished to find out if isoamylase takes part in starch synthesis by comparing isoamylase gene activity under three conditions: (1) during starch accumulation in developing sink tissues; (2) during starch degradation in germinating seeds; (3) in ectopic expression after applying sucrose, a starch precursor.	Starch	140-146	Hviso3	Hordeum vulgare	25-35
10437827-4	1999	We wished to find out if isoamylase takes part in starch synthesis by comparing isoamylase gene activity under three conditions: (1) during starch accumulation in developing sink tissues; (2) during starch degradation in germinating seeds; (3) in ectopic expression after applying sucrose, a starch precursor.	Starch	140-146	Hviso3	Hordeum vulgare	25-35
10437827-6	1999	Our results indicate that isoamylase gene activity is involved in starch synthesis in wild-type plants and is modulated by sucrose.	Starch	66-72	Hviso3	Hordeum vulgare	26-36
10380779-0	1999	Immunologic significance of respirable atmospheric starch granules containing major birch allergen Bet v 1.	Starch	51-57	delta/notch like EGF repeat containing	Homo sapiens	99-102
10380779-3	1999	In this study, we aimed to assess the immunologic significance of the released Bet v 1-containing starch granules in the environment.	Starch	98-104	delta/notch like EGF repeat containing	Homo sapiens	79-82
10380779-6	1999	RESULTS: Atmospheric starch granules contained Bet v 1, and the concentration increased upon light rainfall.	Starch	21-27	delta/notch like EGF repeat containing	Homo sapiens	47-50
10380779-8	1999	CONCLUSIONS: The clinical implications of these findings are that starch granules released from birch pollen are potentially able to trigger allergic asthmatic reactions to Bet v 1, since the allergen occurs in respirable particles.	Starch	66-72	delta/notch like EGF repeat containing	Homo sapiens	173-176
10195899-2	1999	In the shrunken seed 1 (sse1) mutant, however, starch is favored over proteins and lipids as the major storage compound.	Starch	47-53	shrunken seed protein (SSE1)	Arabidopsis thaliana	24-28
10195899-5	1999	Starch accumulation in sse1 suggests that starch formation is a default storage deposition pathway.	Starch	0-6	shrunken seed protein (SSE1)	Arabidopsis thaliana	23-27
10195899-5	1999	Starch accumulation in sse1 suggests that starch formation is a default storage deposition pathway.	Starch	42-48	shrunken seed protein (SSE1)	Arabidopsis thaliana	23-27
10328370-5	1999	The addition of starch to supplements linearly decreased ( P &lt; .01) the intake of forage OM, NDF, and DOM.	Starch	16-22	neuregulin 1	Homo sapiens	96-99
10328370-6	1999	The digestion of DM, OM, and NDF increased linearly (P &lt; .01) with supplemental DIP and decreased linearly (P &lt; or = .06) with supplemental starch.	Starch	146-152	neuregulin 1	Homo sapiens	29-32
10069825-5	1999	The mRNA encoding the enzyme is present at lower levels in the developing endosperm of immature grain, a location consistent with a role for limit dextrinase in starch synthesis.	Starch	161-167	LOC548116	Hordeum vulgare	141-157
10213368-11	1999	Microparticles prepared from either chitosan or starch microparticles, applied apically, induced the basolateral release of IL-6 and IL-8 from polarized Calu-3 cells.	Starch	48-54	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	124-128
10429832-4	1999	In addition, the regulation of amylase in the six species was investigated by measuring the levels of amylase activity with glucose and starch food environments.	Starch	136-142	Amylase proximal	Drosophila melanogaster	31-38
10213368-11	1999	Microparticles prepared from either chitosan or starch microparticles, applied apically, induced the basolateral release of IL-6 and IL-8 from polarized Calu-3 cells.	Starch	48-54	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	133-137
10206330-1	1999	Human salivary alpha-amylase participates in the initial digestion of starch and may be involved in the colonization of viridans streptococci in the mouth.	Starch	70-76	amylase alpha 1A	Homo sapiens	6-28
10429832-5	1999	The levels of amylase activity in D. levanonensis and D. saltans were substantially low, indicating that these species cannot utilize starch as a carbon source.	Starch	134-140	Amylase proximal	Drosophila melanogaster	14-21
10429832-6	1999	The starch-adapted species, D. melanogaster and D. virilis, showed higher levels of amylase activity with the starch environment and higher inducibility.	Starch	4-10	alpha-amylase B	Drosophila virilis	84-91
10429832-6	1999	The starch-adapted species, D. melanogaster and D. virilis, showed higher levels of amylase activity with the starch environment and higher inducibility.	Starch	110-116	alpha-amylase B	Drosophila virilis	84-91
10429832-7	1999	These results suggest that changing the regulation of amylase is important for the adaptation to a starch environment in Drosophila.	Starch	99-105	Amylase proximal	Drosophila melanogaster	54-61
9880368-5	1999	Zpu1 mRNA was abundant in endosperm throughout starch biosynthesis, but was not detected in the leaf or the root.	Starch	47-53	pullulanase-type starch debranching enzyme 1	Zea mays	0-4
10219522-1	1999	Whole-body insulin-dependent glucose utilization and insulin responses to glucose in euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamps (EHGC) and in hyperglycemic clamps (HGC) were evaluated in high yielding dairy cows fed rumen-protected fat (triglycerides), free fatty acids, or a starch-rich ration (n = 5 per group) in Week 9 and Week 19 of lactation.	Starch	268-274	insulin	Bos taurus	11-18
9841881-7	1998	Starch production reflected most probably an increase in substrate availability for AGPase reaction rather than being due to changes in AGPase protein content, since both the sugar feeding and light exposure had little or no effect on the activity of AGPase or on the levels of its small and large subunit proteins in leaf extracts.	Starch	0-6	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	84-90
9987114-5	1999	Both MSN1 and MSS11 are involved in the co-regulation of starch degradation and invasive growth.	Starch	57-63	Msn1p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	5-9
9987114-5	1999	Both MSN1 and MSS11 are involved in the co-regulation of starch degradation and invasive growth.	Starch	57-63	Mss11p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	14-19
10589165-3	1999	The starch grains of three sweet corn cytoplasmic lines (su1, sh2, btl) are mainly spherical and packed tightly, which means they have some degree of similarity.	Starch	4-10	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	62-65
9841881-1	1998	Expression of four Arabidopsis (thale cress) genes corresponding to the small (ApS) and large subunits (ApL1, ApL2, ApL3) of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), a key enzyme of starch biosynthesis, was found to be profoundly and differentially regulated by sugar and light/dark exposures.	Starch	181-187	ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase large subunit 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	104-108
9841881-1	1998	Expression of four Arabidopsis (thale cress) genes corresponding to the small (ApS) and large subunits (ApL1, ApL2, ApL3) of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), a key enzyme of starch biosynthesis, was found to be profoundly and differentially regulated by sugar and light/dark exposures.	Starch	181-187	ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small subunit 2	Arabidopsis thaliana	125-154
10565409-2	1998	We assess the evidence for benefits in insulin sensitivity following high starch as distinct from high sucrose intakes when the diet is low in fat.	Starch	74-80	insulin	Homo sapiens	39-46
9842703-4	1998	For the application in a flow-through system to analyse starch containing waste water, alpha-amylase and amyloglucosidase were immobilized by adsorption to polystyrene or polypropylene carriers followed by crosslinking.	Starch	56-62	alpha-amylase	Solanum tuberosum	87-100
11400798-3	1999	Neonatal diagnosis of Hb E can be made by detecting the Hb band in cord blood samples at the Hb A2 position using starch gel and cellulose acetate electrophoresis.	Starch	114-120	hemoglobin subunit epsilon 1	Homo sapiens	22-26
9891270-5	1998	Starch infusion increased mean insulin concentration and tended to decrease the concentration of serum nonesterified fatty acids.	Starch	0-6	insulin	Bos taurus	31-38
9951718-2	1998	The GBSS and other proteins bound to starch granules of various tissues of immature normal and waxy diploid wheat seeds were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and their activities were examined.	Starch	37-43	granule-bound starch synthase 1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Triticum aestivum	4-8
9701580-4	1998	We report the results of two nonaqueous procedures that provide evidence that in maize endosperms in the linear phase of starch accumulation, 90% or more of the cellular AGPase is extraplastidial.	Starch	121-127	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	170-176
9839236-0	1998	Alteration of milk fat by variation in the source and amount of starch in a total mixed diet fed to dairy cows.	Starch	64-70	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	14-18
9839236-6	1998	Milk fat content was higher (+3.3 g/kg) when potato peelings were fed at the high starch concentration but was unaffected at the low and medium starch concentration.	Starch	82-88	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
9839236-7	1998	Slow degradation of starch from the potato peelings in the rumen could enhance a higher delivery of precursors of milk fat synthesis in the udder.	Starch	20-26	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	114-118
9839236-9	1998	Milk fat content appeared to decrease for cows fed diets containing quickly degradable starch at a starch intake &gt; 7 kg/d.	Starch	87-93	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
9839236-9	1998	Milk fat content appeared to decrease for cows fed diets containing quickly degradable starch at a starch intake &gt; 7 kg/d.	Starch	99-105	Weaning weight-maternal milk	Bos taurus	0-4
9789090-1	1998	Temperature lability of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP; glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase; ADP: alpha-D-glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase, EC 2.7.7.27), a key starch biosynthetic enzyme, may play a significant role in the heat-induced loss in maize seed weight and yield.	Starch	175-181	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase large subunit 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Zea mays	55-58
9693274-4	1998	We have successfully shown that ryegrass pollen ruptures upon contact with water, releasing about 700 starch granules which not only contain the major allergen Lol p 5, but have been shown to trigger both in vitro and in vivo IgE-mediated responses.	Starch	102-108	immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon	Homo sapiens	226-229
9808637-11	1998	We conclude that the total replacement of 575 g/kg low glycemic index starch by a high glycemic index starch for 3 wk caused the following in normal rats: 1) high FAS activity and mRNA in adipose tissue but not in liver and 2) high GLUT4 gene expression in adipose tissue.	Starch	70-76	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	232-237
9808637-11	1998	We conclude that the total replacement of 575 g/kg low glycemic index starch by a high glycemic index starch for 3 wk caused the following in normal rats: 1) high FAS activity and mRNA in adipose tissue but not in liver and 2) high GLUT4 gene expression in adipose tissue.	Starch	102-108	solute carrier family 2 member 4	Rattus norvegicus	232-237
9773720-13	1998	The 24-h integrated serum insulin area response also was statistically significantly less (P &lt; 0.05) after ingestion of the low-starch meals compared with the high-starch meals or the typical American meals.	Starch	131-137	insulin	Homo sapiens	26-33
9765207-3	1998	The prl1 mutation also augments the sensitivity of plants to growth hormones including cytokinin, ethylene, abscisic acid, and auxin; stimulates the accumulation of sugars and starch in leaves; and inhibits root elongation.	Starch	176-182	pleiotropic regulatory locus 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	4-8
9828758-4	1998	In both groups, plasma glucose and insulin concentrations rose more after starch than after fructose.	Starch	74-80	insulin	Homo sapiens	35-42
9701580-6	1998	The importance of the BT1 translocator in starch accumulation in maize endosperms is demonstrated by the severely reduced starch content in bt1 mutant kernels.	Starch	42-48	adenine nucleotide transporter BT1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic/mitochondrial	Zea mays	22-25
9701580-6	1998	The importance of the BT1 translocator in starch accumulation in maize endosperms is demonstrated by the severely reduced starch content in bt1 mutant kernels.	Starch	42-48	adenine nucleotide transporter BT1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic/mitochondrial	Zea mays	140-143
9701580-6	1998	The importance of the BT1 translocator in starch accumulation in maize endosperms is demonstrated by the severely reduced starch content in bt1 mutant kernels.	Starch	122-128	adenine nucleotide transporter BT1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic/mitochondrial	Zea mays	22-25
9701580-6	1998	The importance of the BT1 translocator in starch accumulation in maize endosperms is demonstrated by the severely reduced starch content in bt1 mutant kernels.	Starch	122-128	adenine nucleotide transporter BT1, chloroplastic/amyloplastic/mitochondrial	Zea mays	140-143
9738884-9	1998	We conclude that the SS1 isozyme plays the dominant role in providing the substrate for cellulose biosynthesis, whereas the SS2 protein is needed mainly for generating precursors for starch biosynthesis.	Starch	183-189	starch synthase I, chloroplastic	Zea mays	21-24
9747941-3	1998	The genetic variability was assessed using the enzymes glucose-phosphate isomerase, lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, mannose-phosphate isomerase, and phosphoglucomutase, in starch-gel electrophoresis.	Starch	185-191	mannose-6-phosphate isomerase	Ovis aries	129-180
9688967-10	1998	Leptin also attenuated the preference for fat that developed quickly in mice simultaneously exposed to the high-starch and high-fat regimen.	Starch	112-118	leptin	Mus musculus	0-6
9738884-9	1998	We conclude that the SS1 isozyme plays the dominant role in providing the substrate for cellulose biosynthesis, whereas the SS2 protein is needed mainly for generating precursors for starch biosynthesis.	Starch	183-189	sucrose synthase 2	Zea mays	124-127
9640668-0	1998	Overexpression of pyrophosphatase leads to increased sucrose degradation and starch synthesis, increased activities of enzymes for sucrose-starch interconversions, and increased levels of nucleotides in growing potato tubers.	Starch	77-83	soluble inorganic pyrophosphatase PPA1	Solanum tuberosum	18-33
9640668-0	1998	Overexpression of pyrophosphatase leads to increased sucrose degradation and starch synthesis, increased activities of enzymes for sucrose-starch interconversions, and increased levels of nucleotides in growing potato tubers.	Starch	139-145	soluble inorganic pyrophosphatase PPA1	Solanum tuberosum	18-33
9625695-0	1998	Characterization of SU1 isoamylase, a determinant of storage starch structure in maize.	Starch	61-67	isoamylase 1, chloroplastic	Zea mays	20-23
9662199-3	1998	DESIGN AND METHODS: Haptoglobin phenotypes were determined using starch gel electrophoresis in serum obtained from 653 HIV-infected Caucasians in the AIDS reference centers of Gent (n = 184), Antwerp (n = 309), and Luxembourg (n = 160).	Starch	65-71	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	20-31
9617817-3	1998	Two forms of SBE-II, migrating as 98 and 95 kDa proteins in 6% SDS-polyacrylamide gels, were associated to tuber starch.	Starch	113-119	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 2-2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic-like	Solanum tuberosum	13-19
10093528-8	1998	Inclusion of IL-5 and IL-6 in oral cavity-delivered degradable starch microparticle formulations consistently enhanced tear IgA while only upregulating salivary IgA antibody responses at early time points post immunization.	Starch	63-69	interleukin 5	Rattus norvegicus	13-17
9625695-1	1998	Function of the maize (Zea mays) gene sugary1 (su1) is required for normal starch biosynthesis in endosperm.	Starch	75-81	isoamylase 1, chloroplastic	Zea mays	38-45
9625695-1	1998	Function of the maize (Zea mays) gene sugary1 (su1) is required for normal starch biosynthesis in endosperm.	Starch	75-81	isoamylase 1, chloroplastic	Zea mays	47-50
10093528-8	1998	Inclusion of IL-5 and IL-6 in oral cavity-delivered degradable starch microparticle formulations consistently enhanced tear IgA while only upregulating salivary IgA antibody responses at early time points post immunization.	Starch	63-69	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	22-26
9625695-2	1998	Homozygous su1- mutant endosperms accumulate a highly branched polysaccharide, phytoglycogen, at the expense of the normal branched component of starch, amylopectin.	Starch	145-151	isoamylase 1, chloroplastic	Zea mays	11-14
9625695-3	1998	These data suggest that both branched polysaccharides share a common precursor, and that the product of the su1 gene, designated SU1, participates in kernel starch biosynthesis.	Starch	157-163	isoamylase 1, chloroplastic	Zea mays	108-111
9625695-3	1998	These data suggest that both branched polysaccharides share a common precursor, and that the product of the su1 gene, designated SU1, participates in kernel starch biosynthesis.	Starch	157-163	isoamylase 1, chloroplastic	Zea mays	129-132
9625695-5	1998	Specific antibodies were produced and used to demonstrate that SU1 is a 79-kD protein that accumulates in endosperm coincident with the time of starch biosynthesis.	Starch	144-150	isoamylase 1, chloroplastic	Zea mays	63-66
9530253-10	1998	Sucrose-induced insulin resistance was reversed in rats that were switched back to the starch diet (GIR, 18.6 +/- 3.0).	Starch	87-93	insulin	Homo sapiens	16-23
9576777-6	1998	These results indicate that Frk2 can be distinguished from Frk1 by its sensitivity to substrate inhibition and by its temporal and spatial pattern of expression, which suggests that it plays a primary role in plant cells specialized for starch storage.	Starch	238-244	fructokinase-2	Solanum lycopersicum	29-33
11540641-4	1998	One of these mutations, named arg1, affects root and hypocotyl gravitropism without promoting defects in starch content or in the ability of seedlings" organs to respond to plant hormones.	Starch	105-111	Chaperone DnaJ-domain superfamily protein	Arabidopsis thaliana	30-34
9501113-1	1998	The maize dull1 (du1) gene is a determinant of the structure of endosperm starch, and du1- mutations affect the activity of two enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis, starch synthase II (SSII) and starch branching enzyme IIa (SBEIIa).	Starch	74-80	dull endosperm 1	Zea mays	10-15
9501113-1	1998	The maize dull1 (du1) gene is a determinant of the structure of endosperm starch, and du1- mutations affect the activity of two enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis, starch synthase II (SSII) and starch branching enzyme IIa (SBEIIa).	Starch	74-80	dull endosperm 1	Zea mays	17-20
9501113-1	1998	The maize dull1 (du1) gene is a determinant of the structure of endosperm starch, and du1- mutations affect the activity of two enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis, starch synthase II (SSII) and starch branching enzyme IIa (SBEIIa).	Starch	74-80	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic-like	Zea mays	199-226
9501113-1	1998	The maize dull1 (du1) gene is a determinant of the structure of endosperm starch, and du1- mutations affect the activity of two enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis, starch synthase II (SSII) and starch branching enzyme IIa (SBEIIa).	Starch	74-80	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic-like	Zea mays	228-234
9501113-1	1998	The maize dull1 (du1) gene is a determinant of the structure of endosperm starch, and du1- mutations affect the activity of two enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis, starch synthase II (SSII) and starch branching enzyme IIa (SBEIIa).	Starch	148-154	dull endosperm 1	Zea mays	10-15
9501113-1	1998	The maize dull1 (du1) gene is a determinant of the structure of endosperm starch, and du1- mutations affect the activity of two enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis, starch synthase II (SSII) and starch branching enzyme IIa (SBEIIa).	Starch	148-154	dull endosperm 1	Zea mays	17-20
9501113-1	1998	The maize dull1 (du1) gene is a determinant of the structure of endosperm starch, and du1- mutations affect the activity of two enzymes involved in starch biosynthesis, starch synthase II (SSII) and starch branching enzyme IIa (SBEIIa).	Starch	148-154	dull endosperm 1	Zea mays	86-89
9501113-5	1998	Du1 transcripts are present in the endosperm during the time of starch biosynthesis, but the mRNA was undetectable in leaf or root tissue.	Starch	64-70	dull endosperm 1	Zea mays	0-3
9472074-2	1998	The STA1-3 genes, encoding three glucoamylase isozymes (Sta1p, Sta2p and Sta3p, respectively) responsible for starch hydrolysis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, have been shown to contain long and complex promoters with several regulatory regions.	Starch	110-116	Wsc2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	4-10
9446624-3	1998	20 and 3.2.1.3) activity serves as an alternate pathway for starch digestion when luminal alpha-amylase activity is reduced because of immaturity or malnutrition and that maltase-glucoamylase plays a unique role in the digestion of malted dietary oligosaccharides used in food manufacturing.	Starch	60-66	maltase-glucoamylase	Homo sapiens	171-191
9553245-2	1998	Aside from gelatin and dextran, modified starch (hydroxyethyl starch, HES) is currently the first-choice means.	Starch	41-47	ribosome binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	70-73
9629672-7	1998	alpha-Amylase activity using different substrates is greater on starch than on glycogen in both species and still higher on amylose for D. virilis, the nonfungus feeder species.	Starch	64-70	alpha-amylase B	Drosophila virilis	0-13
9472074-2	1998	The STA1-3 genes, encoding three glucoamylase isozymes (Sta1p, Sta2p and Sta3p, respectively) responsible for starch hydrolysis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, have been shown to contain long and complex promoters with several regulatory regions.	Starch	110-116	Wsc2p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	73-78
12223818-1	1997	Previous experiments have shown that carbohydrate partitioning in leaves of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants can be modified by antisense repression of the triose phosphate translocator (TPT), favoring starch accumulation during the light period, or by leaf-specific antisense repression of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), reducing leaf starch content.	Starch	206-212	triose phosphate/phosphate translocator, chloroplastic	Solanum tuberosum	191-194
10806763-1	1998	Phenotyping of erythrocyte EsD and PGM1 enzymes was performed by a mixed agarose-starch gel electrophoresis in 165 healthy blood donors of Changsha District.	Starch	81-87	phosphoglucomutase 1	Homo sapiens	35-39
9477574-10	1998	Glucose 6-phosphate imported via the GPT can thus be used either for starch biosynthesis, during which process inorganic phosphate is released, or as a substrate for the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway, yielding triose phosphates.	Starch	69-75	glucose-6-phosphate/phosphate-translocator precursor	Zea mays	37-40
9449186-5	1997	These results suggest that the genetic factor(s) responsible for inducibility or amylase activity variation in an induced medium such as starch should be on the third chromosome and those in the non-induced medium such as glucose should be on the second chromosome.	Starch	137-143	Amylase proximal	Drosophila melanogaster	81-88
9637009-0	1998	Effect of different starches on Escherichia coli (S1) beta-glucuronidase expression.	Starch	20-28	glucuronidase beta	Homo sapiens	54-72
9637009-1	1998	Studies with pure cultures growing in laboratory media indicated that beta-glucuronidase expression of Escherichia coli S1 was considerably affected by starch added to the medium as the only carbon source.	Starch	152-158	glucuronidase beta	Homo sapiens	70-88
9637009-4	1998	The beta-glucuronidase activities of starch-grown bacteria found in the present study agree with those observed in animal and human models performed for in vivo evaluation of effects of dietary starch effects on gut microbial ecosystems.	Starch	37-43	glucuronidase beta	Homo sapiens	4-22
9637009-4	1998	The beta-glucuronidase activities of starch-grown bacteria found in the present study agree with those observed in animal and human models performed for in vivo evaluation of effects of dietary starch effects on gut microbial ecosystems.	Starch	194-200	glucuronidase beta	Homo sapiens	4-22
9342405-0	1997	MSS11, a novel yeast gene involved in the regulation of starch metabolism.	Starch	56-62	Mss11p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-5
9342405-1	1997	Expression of the STA1-3 glucoamylase genes, responsible for starch degradation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is down regulated by the presence of STA10.	Starch	61-67	FLO8	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	146-151
9342405-2	1997	In order to elucidate the role of STA10 in the regulation of the glucoamylase system, a multicopy genomic library was constructed and screened for genes that enhanced growth of a STA2-STA10 S. cerevisiae strain on starch media.	Starch	214-220	FLO8	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	34-39
9342405-2	1997	In order to elucidate the role of STA10 in the regulation of the glucoamylase system, a multicopy genomic library was constructed and screened for genes that enhanced growth of a STA2-STA10 S. cerevisiae strain on starch media.	Starch	214-220	FLO8	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	184-189
12223818-1	1997	Previous experiments have shown that carbohydrate partitioning in leaves of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) plants can be modified by antisense repression of the triose phosphate translocator (TPT), favoring starch accumulation during the light period, or by leaf-specific antisense repression of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase), reducing leaf starch content.	Starch	349-355	triose phosphate/phosphate translocator, chloroplastic	Solanum tuberosum	191-194
9351216-0	1997	Utilization of starch and synthesis of a combined amylase/alpha-glucosidase by the human colonic anaerobe Bacteroides ovatus.	Starch	15-21	sucrase-isomaltase	Homo sapiens	58-75
15348755-3	1997	The 1H-NMR spectra showed high degrees of substitution and the DSC thermograms suggest a low crystallinity in the modified starch.	Starch	123-129	desmocollin 3	Homo sapiens	63-66
9332710-1	1997	Malate dehydrogenase (MDH; EC 1.1.1.37) isozymes in long-term callus tissue culture of Cereus peruvianus were studied in starch gel electrophoresis to investigate the control of differential Mdh gene expression under sugar and temperature stress.	Starch	121-127	malic enzyme 1	Homo sapiens	22-25
9225855-5	1997	To determine how starch biosynthesis is regulated within the developing anthers of stressed plants, we studied the expression of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP), which catalyzes the rate limiting step of starch biosynthesis.	Starch	17-23	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase small subunit, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Triticum aestivum	160-163
9225855-5	1997	To determine how starch biosynthesis is regulated within the developing anthers of stressed plants, we studied the expression of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP), which catalyzes the rate limiting step of starch biosynthesis.	Starch	208-214	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase small subunit, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Triticum aestivum	129-158
9225855-5	1997	To determine how starch biosynthesis is regulated within the developing anthers of stressed plants, we studied the expression of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP), which catalyzes the rate limiting step of starch biosynthesis.	Starch	208-214	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase small subunit, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Triticum aestivum	160-163
9225855-8	1997	In normal anthers, AGP expression was biphasic, indicating that AGP expression is required for starch biosynthesis both during meiosis and later during pollen maturation.	Starch	95-101	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase small subunit, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Triticum aestivum	64-67
9225855-9	1997	AGP expression in stressed anthers was not affected during the first phase of starch accumulation, but was strongly inhibited during the second phase.	Starch	78-84	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase small subunit, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Triticum aestivum	0-3
9225855-10	1997	We conclude from these results that the reduced starch deposition later in the development of stressed pollen could be the result of a lower expression of AGP.	Starch	48-54	glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase small subunit, chloroplastic/amyloplastic	Triticum aestivum	155-158
9099629-2	1997	Inducible amylase and alpha-glucosidase activities were inversely related to dilution rate in starch-limited and starch-excess chemostats over the dilution rate (D) range D = 0.03/h to D =0.20/h, and were partly repressed during growth under conditions of starch-excess.	Starch	94-100	glycoside hydrolase family 97 protein	Bacteroides ovatus	22-39
9099629-2	1997	Inducible amylase and alpha-glucosidase activities were inversely related to dilution rate in starch-limited and starch-excess chemostats over the dilution rate (D) range D = 0.03/h to D =0.20/h, and were partly repressed during growth under conditions of starch-excess.	Starch	113-119	glycoside hydrolase family 97 protein	Bacteroides ovatus	22-39
9099629-2	1997	Inducible amylase and alpha-glucosidase activities were inversely related to dilution rate in starch-limited and starch-excess chemostats over the dilution rate (D) range D = 0.03/h to D =0.20/h, and were partly repressed during growth under conditions of starch-excess.	Starch	113-119	glycoside hydrolase family 97 protein	Bacteroides ovatus	22-39
9207152-6	1997	Corn (Zea mays) contains a biochemically similar and structurally homologous RGP1, which has been thought (it now seems mistakenly) to function in starch synthesis.	Starch	147-153	reversibly glycosylated polypeptide 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	77-81
9159942-2	1997	In maize (Zea mays L.) three isoforms of starch-branching enzyme (SBEI, SBEIIa, and SBEIIb) are involved in the synthesis of amylopectin, the branched component of starch.	Starch	41-47	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic-like	Zea mays	72-78
9159942-2	1997	In maize (Zea mays L.) three isoforms of starch-branching enzyme (SBEI, SBEIIa, and SBEIIb) are involved in the synthesis of amylopectin, the branched component of starch.	Starch	164-170	1,4-alpha-glucan-branching enzyme 2, chloroplastic/amyloplastic-like	Zea mays	72-78
9126844-1	1997	The three-dimensional structure of an exo-type alpha-amylase from Pseudomonas stutzeri which degrades starch from its non-reducing end to produce maltotetraose has been determined by X-ray structure analysis.	Starch	102-108	maltose alpha-D-glucosyltransferase	Pseudomonas stutzeri	47-60
9112020-6	1997	Dietary fibre and starch intake were inversely associated with fasting insulin concentrations.	Starch	18-24	insulin	Homo sapiens	71-78
9112020-8	1997	Associations were similar in men and women and for active and inactive subjects, though associations of fibre and starch intake with insulin concentrations were strongest in lean subjects.	Starch	114-120	insulin	Homo sapiens	133-140
9112020-9	1997	These findings support animal studies and a limited number of human population studies which have suggested that increased saturated and total fat intake and decreased fibre and starch intake increase fasting insulin concentrations and may also increase insulin resistance.	Starch	178-184	insulin	Homo sapiens	209-216
9112020-9	1997	These findings support animal studies and a limited number of human population studies which have suggested that increased saturated and total fat intake and decreased fibre and starch intake increase fasting insulin concentrations and may also increase insulin resistance.	Starch	178-184	insulin	Homo sapiens	254-261