PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
2574766-6	1989	These data suggest that oxpentifylline blocks the endotoxin-induced synthesis of TNF in man and, therefore, could possibly have beneficial effects in clinical endotoxaemia.	Pentoxifylline	24-38	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	81-84
2606851-0	1989	Prevention of interleukin 2-induced acute lung injury in guinea pigs by pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	72-86	interleukin-2	Cavia porcellus	14-27
2606851-2	1989	In addition, we examined the effects of pentoxifylline (PTXF) on IL-2-induced acute lung injury.	Pentoxifylline	40-54	interleukin-2	Cavia porcellus	65-69
2606851-2	1989	In addition, we examined the effects of pentoxifylline (PTXF) on IL-2-induced acute lung injury.	Pentoxifylline	56-60	interleukin-2	Cavia porcellus	65-69
2606851-7	1989	These data suggest a possible role for PTXF in attenuating the side effects of IL-2.	Pentoxifylline	39-43	interleukin-2	Cavia porcellus	79-83
2524981-4	1989	In this study, we measured the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on parameters of TNF-induced lung injury including: lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, the ratio of lung-to-plasma 125I-labeled albumin (albumin index), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and peripheral leukocyte counts, and serial measurements of mean arterial pressure (MAP).	Pentoxifylline	58-61	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	80-83
2516344-4	1989	A total of 48 rats were orally dosed with CSA 25 mg/kg for 10 days with either PTX 45 mg/kg i.p.	Pentoxifylline	79-82	excision repaiross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 8	Mus musculus	42-45
2539414-0	1989	Pentoxifylline inhibits normal human dermal fibroblast in vitro proliferation, collagen, glycosaminoglycan, and fibronectin production, and increases collagenase activity.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	112-123
2539414-3	1989	Fibroblasts assayed as confluent cultures produced sub-normal amounts of collagen, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and fibronectin in a fashion dependent upon the concentration of pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	175-189	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	114-125
2654312-4	1989	Pentoxifylline given in patients with vascular disease or in those with high risk of thrombosis (diabetes, arteritis) induces a significant decrease in plasma fibrinogen level.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	159-169
2654312-5	1989	Furthermore, in patients with arteritis, the decrease in fibrinogen level after pentoxifylline is correlated with the improvement in the walking distance.	Pentoxifylline	80-94	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	57-67
2654312-6	1989	Several hypotheses may be taken into account to explain the decrease in fibrinogen induced by pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	94-108	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	72-82
2654312-7	1989	The hypothesis based upon a decrease of fibrinogen synthesis seems very fascinating since pentoxifylline, inducing a decrease in Interleukin 1 activity on leukocytes, might be responsible also for a decrease in interleukin 1 activity as fibrinogen stimulating factor.	Pentoxifylline	90-104	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	40-50
2654312-7	1989	The hypothesis based upon a decrease of fibrinogen synthesis seems very fascinating since pentoxifylline, inducing a decrease in Interleukin 1 activity on leukocytes, might be responsible also for a decrease in interleukin 1 activity as fibrinogen stimulating factor.	Pentoxifylline	90-104	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	129-142
2654312-7	1989	The hypothesis based upon a decrease of fibrinogen synthesis seems very fascinating since pentoxifylline, inducing a decrease in Interleukin 1 activity on leukocytes, might be responsible also for a decrease in interleukin 1 activity as fibrinogen stimulating factor.	Pentoxifylline	90-104	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	211-224
2654312-7	1989	The hypothesis based upon a decrease of fibrinogen synthesis seems very fascinating since pentoxifylline, inducing a decrease in Interleukin 1 activity on leukocytes, might be responsible also for a decrease in interleukin 1 activity as fibrinogen stimulating factor.	Pentoxifylline	90-104	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	237-247
2485481-4	1989	In contrast, postischemia treatment with pentoxifylline was associated with significant recovery in CIN and UFR, and stable RVR, RBF, and RBP.	Pentoxifylline	41-55	retinol binding protein 4	Rattus norvegicus	138-141
2539414-7	1989	The addition of IL1 beta (2.5 and 10.0 U/ml) to serum-driven fibroblast cultures resulted in greater proliferation, which was inhibitable by the presence of pentoxifylline and A81-3138 as anti-fibrotic agents in certain disorders of fibrosis.	Pentoxifylline	157-171	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	16-24
2517031-4	1989	Since pentoxifylline and its structural analogues induced synthesis of PGI2 in endothelial cell cultures, it is suggested that its effect on LPS leukopenia is mediated by endogenous prostacyclin production.	Pentoxifylline	6-20	prostaglandin I receptor (IP)	Mus musculus	71-75
2694097-7	1989	The red cell distribution width, the number of cells in density fraction SS2 (discocytes) and the plasma viscosity were all slightly higher over time in the pentoxifylline group than in the control group.	Pentoxifylline	157-171	butyrophilin like 2	Homo sapiens	73-76
2516344-9	1989	Mean CIN of rats coadministered CSA and PTX (942 +/- 214 microliters/min/g KW) was similar to control rats 884 +/- 185 microliters/min/g KW); both were significantly greater than CSA alone (537 +/- 211 microliters/min/g KW; p less than .01).	Pentoxifylline	40-43	excision repaiross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 8	Mus musculus	179-182
3179597-7	1988	Three groups of animals were treated at different times with pentoxifylline with respect to date of surgery; all groups showed a statistically significant increase in flap survival compared to controls, ranging from 92.3 to 94.3% (p less than .01).	Pentoxifylline	61-75	arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activating protein	Rattus norvegicus	167-171
2460096-4	1988	Pentoxifylline, at a dose of 1 x 10(-5)M, suppressed the production of both biologically active TNF and TNF mRNA expression by more than 50%.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	96-99
2460096-4	1988	Pentoxifylline, at a dose of 1 x 10(-5)M, suppressed the production of both biologically active TNF and TNF mRNA expression by more than 50%.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	104-107
2840908-0	1988	Effects of two methylxanthines, pentoxifylline and propentofylline, on arachidonic acid metabolism in platelets stimulated by thrombin.	Pentoxifylline	32-46	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	126-134
2840908-9	1988	Propentofylline was in general more efficient than pentoxifylline in inhibiting events occurring upon thrombin stimulation.	Pentoxifylline	51-65	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	102-110
3179597-0	1988	Augmentation of skin flap survival by parenteral pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	49-63	arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase activating protein	Rattus norvegicus	21-25
2460096-0	1988	Cellular and molecular regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	79-93	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	37-64
2460096-3	1988	In this study, we present data demonstrating pentoxifylline, a methylxanthine, is efficacious in suppressing LPS-induced MO-derived TNF at the level of both TNF mRNA accumulation and TNF supernatant bioactivity.	Pentoxifylline	45-59	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	132-135
2460096-3	1988	In this study, we present data demonstrating pentoxifylline, a methylxanthine, is efficacious in suppressing LPS-induced MO-derived TNF at the level of both TNF mRNA accumulation and TNF supernatant bioactivity.	Pentoxifylline	45-59	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	157-160
2460096-3	1988	In this study, we present data demonstrating pentoxifylline, a methylxanthine, is efficacious in suppressing LPS-induced MO-derived TNF at the level of both TNF mRNA accumulation and TNF supernatant bioactivity.	Pentoxifylline	45-59	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	157-160
2838424-0	1988	Inhibition of the inflammatory action of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor (alpha) on neutrophil function by pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	115-129	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	41-88
2976939-9	1988	A human intron for GSH-Px from an unspliced mRNA has been isolated whose position indicates an ancient, divergent evolutionary relationship with thioredoxin-S2, rather than an independent convergent one.	Pentoxifylline	23-25	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	145-156
3240301-5	1988	The 5"-nucleotidase inhibiting activity of pentoxifylline is suggested to be the mechanism responsible for the protective effect of the drug.	Pentoxifylline	43-57	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	4-19
3129913-2	1988	In vitro study, pentoxifylline at 3 and 15 micrograms/ml significantly increased P50 from the placebo (27.0 +/- 0.3 Torr, mean +/- SE) to 28.2 +/- 1.7 and 28.1 +/- 1.3 Torr respectively (p less than 0.05) after 4 hours incubation.	Pentoxifylline	16-30	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	81-84
3129913-3	1988	With 75 micrograms/ml pentoxifylline, P50 increased slightly to 27.8 +/- 1.4 Torr (0.05 less than p less than 0.1).	Pentoxifylline	22-36	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	38-41
3129913-6	1988	In vivo study, after administration of pentoxifylline 300 mg per day orally for 4 weeks to seven patients with COPD, P50 increased significantly from 29.0 +/- 0.6 to 30.4 +/- 0.6 Torr (p less than 0.05) and 2,3-DPG increased slightly from 11.67 +/- 0.56 to 14.33 +/- 1.12 mumol/gHb (p less than 0.1).	Pentoxifylline	39-53	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	117-120
3167672-4	1988	The largest dose of pentoxifylline decreased PVR from 7.8 +/- 2.8 to 4.4 +/- 1.5 in dogs and from 9.9 +/- 1.4 to 5.8 +/- 0.6 mmHg.L-1.min in pigs.	Pentoxifylline	20-34	PVR cell adhesion molecule	Canis lupus familiaris	45-48
3167672-7	1988	The simultaneous small elevation in PVR during angiotensin infusion was also attenuated to base-line value by pentoxifylline injection.	Pentoxifylline	110-124	PVR cell adhesion molecule	Canis lupus familiaris	36-39
6235758-1	1984	In vivo thrombolytic studies in stumptailed monkeys indicated that pentoxifylline potentiates thrombolysis induced by urokinase activated human plasmin.	Pentoxifylline	67-81	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	144-151
3603661-0	1987	Effect of pentoxifylline on Wrb antigen.	Pentoxifylline	10-24	guided entry of tail-anchored proteins factor 1	Homo sapiens	28-31
3603661-3	1987	After in vivo treatment with pentoxifylline, the serologic expression of the Wrb antigen increased.	Pentoxifylline	29-43	guided entry of tail-anchored proteins factor 1	Homo sapiens	77-80
3084068-3	1986	Tumor cell lethality was increased up to 10-fold by either caffeine or pentoxifylline (1 mM) present during the first cell cycle (16-24 h) after exposure to nitrogen mustard (HN2) or thiotepa.	Pentoxifylline	71-85	MT-RNR2 like 2 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	175-178
4021732-9	1985	Inhibition of GSH-Px activity assayed with cumene hydroperoxide as substrate and GST was less than that of GSH-Px assayed with H2O2 as substrate.	Pentoxifylline	18-20	hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase	Rattus norvegicus	81-84
3965236-4	1985	After intravenous pentoxifylline, plasma levels declined in a biphasic manner, with a terminal t1/2 of 1.63 +/- 0.8 hr.	Pentoxifylline	18-32	interleukin 1 receptor like 1	Homo sapiens	95-107
6441577-3	1984	Both GSH-S-Trs and non-Se-GSH-Px reactions are catalyzed by the same enzyme.	Pentoxifylline	30-32	glutathione synthetase	Rattus norvegicus	5-10
3687311-1	1987	Based on the known action of xanthine derivatives on the insulin secretion, the effect of pentoxifylline on carbohydrate homeostasis of type I (IDDM) and type II (NIDDM) diabetics was investigated.	Pentoxifylline	90-104	insulin	Homo sapiens	136-161
3099351-2	1986	In this report, we have studied the effects of prostaglandins, indomethacin and pentoxifylline upon IFN-alpha production by the PBL of normal healthy donors.	Pentoxifylline	80-94	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	100-109
3099351-8	1986	A significant rise in the IFN-alpha yield was seen when PBL of "low producers" were exposed individually to either pentoxifylline or indomethacin.	Pentoxifylline	115-129	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	26-35
3099351-10	1986	With regard to PBL of "low producers", the enhancement of IFN-alpha yield was further potentiated when both indomethacin and pentoxifylline were utilized concurrently at their optimal concentrations.	Pentoxifylline	125-139	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	58-67
33899956-11	2021	Furthermore, PTX reversed PTZ hippocampal neuronal loss by decreasing protein expression of amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta), Tau and beta site-amyloid precursor protein-cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE1), associated with a marked reduction in expression of inflammatory mediators such as HMGB1, TL4, and RAGE proteins.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Rattus norvegicus	292-296
6998241-0	1980	Blood glucose and serum insulin levels following acute and chronic pentoxifylline administration.	Pentoxifylline	67-81	insulin	Homo sapiens	24-31
33899956-0	2021	Pentoxifylline prevents epileptic seizure via modulating HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4 signaling pathway and improves memory in Pentylenetetrazol kindling rats.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	high mobility group box 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-62
6098626-2	1984	Pentoxifylline increased cAMP levels and calcium uptake in these cultures.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	25-29
7293298-1	1981	Sperm investigations of 38 men with Oligo-Astheno-Teratozoospermia and inconspicuous gonadotropin-level treated with pentoxifyllin 3 x 400 mg/die for a period of 8 to 20 weeks have shown an increase in sperm-density of 10 Mio/ml.	Pentoxifylline	117-130	meiosis regulator for oocyte development	Homo sapiens	222-225
6268121-0	1981	[The effect of pentoxifylline on the Ca2+-induced potassium efflux and on the ATPase-activity of erythrocytes (author"s transl)].	Pentoxifylline	15-29	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	78-84
6268121-9	1981	It can be suggested that the rheological effect of pentoxifylline (possibly chelated with Ca2+) is caused by the decrease of Ca2+-caused K+-efflux and by the regulation of ATPase-activity of erythrocyte membrane.	Pentoxifylline	51-65	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	172-178
321184-4	1977	These findings suggest that oxpentifylline may be valuable in the treatment of small vessel occlusive disease associated with lowered fibrinolytic activity and raised fibrinogen levels.	Pentoxifylline	28-42	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	167-177
34030796-0	2021	Pentoxifylline treatment alleviates kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury: Novel involvement of galectin-3 and ASK-1/JNK & ERK1/2/NF-kappaB/HMGB-1 trajectories.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	93-103
34030796-0	2021	Pentoxifylline treatment alleviates kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury: Novel involvement of galectin-3 and ASK-1/JNK & ERK1/2/NF-kappaB/HMGB-1 trajectories.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5	Rattus norvegicus	108-113
34030796-0	2021	Pentoxifylline treatment alleviates kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury: Novel involvement of galectin-3 and ASK-1/JNK & ERK1/2/NF-kappaB/HMGB-1 trajectories.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	114-117
34030796-0	2021	Pentoxifylline treatment alleviates kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury: Novel involvement of galectin-3 and ASK-1/JNK & ERK1/2/NF-kappaB/HMGB-1 trajectories.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	120-126
34030796-0	2021	Pentoxifylline treatment alleviates kidney ischemia/reperfusion injury: Novel involvement of galectin-3 and ASK-1/JNK & ERK1/2/NF-kappaB/HMGB-1 trajectories.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	high mobility group box 1	Rattus norvegicus	137-143
34030796-4	2021	Post-treatment with PTX improved renal function and abated serum levels of cystatin C, creatinine, BUN and renal KIM-1 content, effects that were reflected on an improvement of the I/R-induced renal histological changes.	Pentoxifylline	20-23	cystatin C	Rattus norvegicus	75-85
34030796-4	2021	Post-treatment with PTX improved renal function and abated serum levels of cystatin C, creatinine, BUN and renal KIM-1 content, effects that were reflected on an improvement of the I/R-induced renal histological changes.	Pentoxifylline	20-23	hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	113-118
34030796-5	2021	On the molecular level, PTX reduced renal contents of galectin-3, ASK-1 with its downstream molecule JNK and ERK1/2, as well as NF-kappaB p65 and HMGB1.	Pentoxifylline	24-27	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	54-64
34030796-5	2021	On the molecular level, PTX reduced renal contents of galectin-3, ASK-1 with its downstream molecule JNK and ERK1/2, as well as NF-kappaB p65 and HMGB1.	Pentoxifylline	24-27	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5	Rattus norvegicus	66-71
34030796-5	2021	On the molecular level, PTX reduced renal contents of galectin-3, ASK-1 with its downstream molecule JNK and ERK1/2, as well as NF-kappaB p65 and HMGB1.	Pentoxifylline	24-27	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	101-104
34030796-5	2021	On the molecular level, PTX reduced renal contents of galectin-3, ASK-1 with its downstream molecule JNK and ERK1/2, as well as NF-kappaB p65 and HMGB1.	Pentoxifylline	24-27	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	109-115
34030796-5	2021	On the molecular level, PTX reduced renal contents of galectin-3, ASK-1 with its downstream molecule JNK and ERK1/2, as well as NF-kappaB p65 and HMGB1.	Pentoxifylline	24-27	high mobility group box 1	Rattus norvegicus	146-151
34030796-7	2021	The PTX novel renotherapeutic effect involved in part the inhibition of galectin-3 and ASK-1/JNK and ERK1/2/NF-kappaB/HMGB-1 trajectories to mitigate renal I/R injury and to provide basis for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic impacts.	Pentoxifylline	4-7	galectin 3	Rattus norvegicus	72-82
34030796-7	2021	The PTX novel renotherapeutic effect involved in part the inhibition of galectin-3 and ASK-1/JNK and ERK1/2/NF-kappaB/HMGB-1 trajectories to mitigate renal I/R injury and to provide basis for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic impacts.	Pentoxifylline	4-7	mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5	Rattus norvegicus	87-92
34030796-7	2021	The PTX novel renotherapeutic effect involved in part the inhibition of galectin-3 and ASK-1/JNK and ERK1/2/NF-kappaB/HMGB-1 trajectories to mitigate renal I/R injury and to provide basis for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic impacts.	Pentoxifylline	4-7	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	93-96
34030796-7	2021	The PTX novel renotherapeutic effect involved in part the inhibition of galectin-3 and ASK-1/JNK and ERK1/2/NF-kappaB/HMGB-1 trajectories to mitigate renal I/R injury and to provide basis for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic impacts.	Pentoxifylline	4-7	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	101-107
34030796-7	2021	The PTX novel renotherapeutic effect involved in part the inhibition of galectin-3 and ASK-1/JNK and ERK1/2/NF-kappaB/HMGB-1 trajectories to mitigate renal I/R injury and to provide basis for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptotic impacts.	Pentoxifylline	4-7	high mobility group box 1	Rattus norvegicus	118-124
33899956-0	2021	Pentoxifylline prevents epileptic seizure via modulating HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4 signaling pathway and improves memory in Pentylenetetrazol kindling rats.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Rattus norvegicus	63-67
33899956-0	2021	Pentoxifylline prevents epileptic seizure via modulating HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4 signaling pathway and improves memory in Pentylenetetrazol kindling rats.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	toll-like receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	68-72
33899956-11	2021	Furthermore, PTX reversed PTZ hippocampal neuronal loss by decreasing protein expression of amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta), Tau and beta site-amyloid precursor protein-cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE1), associated with a marked reduction in expression of inflammatory mediators such as HMGB1, TL4, and RAGE proteins.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	amyloid beta precursor protein	Rattus norvegicus	114-119
33899956-12	2021	Furthermore, PTX inhibited hippocampal apoptotic caspase 1 protein, total reactive oxygen species (TROS) along with upregulated erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) content.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	caspase 1	Rattus norvegicus	49-58
33899956-12	2021	Furthermore, PTX inhibited hippocampal apoptotic caspase 1 protein, total reactive oxygen species (TROS) along with upregulated erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) content.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	158-162
33899956-13	2021	In conclusion, PTX or its combination with phenytoin represent a promising drug to inhibit the epilepsy progression via targeting HMGB1/TLR4/RAGE signaling pathway.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	high mobility group box 1	Rattus norvegicus	130-135
33899956-13	2021	In conclusion, PTX or its combination with phenytoin represent a promising drug to inhibit the epilepsy progression via targeting HMGB1/TLR4/RAGE signaling pathway.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	toll-like receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	136-140
33899956-11	2021	Furthermore, PTX reversed PTZ hippocampal neuronal loss by decreasing protein expression of amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta), Tau and beta site-amyloid precursor protein-cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE1), associated with a marked reduction in expression of inflammatory mediators such as HMGB1, TL4, and RAGE proteins.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	beta-secretase 1	Rattus norvegicus	185-190
33899956-11	2021	Furthermore, PTX reversed PTZ hippocampal neuronal loss by decreasing protein expression of amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta), Tau and beta site-amyloid precursor protein-cleavage enzyme 1 (BACE1), associated with a marked reduction in expression of inflammatory mediators such as HMGB1, TL4, and RAGE proteins.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	high mobility group box 1	Rattus norvegicus	276-281
33899956-13	2021	In conclusion, PTX or its combination with phenytoin represent a promising drug to inhibit the epilepsy progression via targeting HMGB1/TLR4/RAGE signaling pathway.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor	Rattus norvegicus	141-145
33212158-5	2021	Inhibition of CHI3L1 and FN1 by pentoxifylline and pirfenidone, respectively, partially reverted gemcitabine resistance.	Pentoxifylline	32-46	chitinase 3 like 1	Homo sapiens	14-20
33997400-0	2021	Pentoxifylline improves the survival of spermatogenic cells via oxidative stress suppression and upregulation of PI3K/AKT pathway in mouse model of testicular torsion-detorsion.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	118-121
33212158-5	2021	Inhibition of CHI3L1 and FN1 by pentoxifylline and pirfenidone, respectively, partially reverted gemcitabine resistance.	Pentoxifylline	32-46	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	25-28
33355352-10	2021	Pentoxifylline, a PAI-1, increases pregnancy rates in women with endometriosis.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	18-23
33468116-14	2021	MPO and IL-8 levels were lower in the HC-IPA + PTX group compared to the corresponding levels in the HC-IP group.	Pentoxifylline	47-50	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	0-3
33735520-13	2021	CONCLUSION: In this retrospective study, theophylline and pentoxifylline was associated with an increase in ROX score and nominal decreases in CRP and mortality.	Pentoxifylline	58-72	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	143-146
33711972-0	2021	Sensitizing the cytotoxic action of Docetaxel induced by Pentoxifylline in a PC3 prostate cancer cell line.	Pentoxifylline	57-71	chromobox 8	Homo sapiens	77-80
33711972-7	2021	METHODS: PC3 human prostate cancer cells were treated in vitro at different doses and times with PTX, DTX, or their combination.	Pentoxifylline	97-100	chromobox 8	Homo sapiens	9-12
33711972-9	2021	RESULTS: We found that PTX in PC3 human prostate cancer cells induces significant apoptosis per se and increases that generated by DTX, while at the same time it reduces the senescence caused by the chemotherapy and increases caspases-3,-8, and -9 activity in PTX + DTX-treated cells.	Pentoxifylline	23-26	chromobox 8	Homo sapiens	30-33
33711972-9	2021	RESULTS: We found that PTX in PC3 human prostate cancer cells induces significant apoptosis per se and increases that generated by DTX, while at the same time it reduces the senescence caused by the chemotherapy and increases caspases-3,-8, and -9 activity in PTX + DTX-treated cells.	Pentoxifylline	260-263	chromobox 8	Homo sapiens	30-33
33422506-2	2021	Clinical benefits of pentoxifylline, a non-selective PDE inhibitor, have been reported in patients with kidney disease.	Pentoxifylline	21-35	aldehyde dehydrogenase 7 family member A1	Homo sapiens	53-56
33350542-4	2021	In this prospective, analytical, experimental pilot study, a common drug (pentoxifylline [PTX]) was used with the goal of inhibiting TNF-alpha signaling in mice that underwent lingual irradiation to induce severe acute oral RIM/RAP.	Pentoxifylline	74-88	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	133-142
33350542-4	2021	In this prospective, analytical, experimental pilot study, a common drug (pentoxifylline [PTX]) was used with the goal of inhibiting TNF-alpha signaling in mice that underwent lingual irradiation to induce severe acute oral RIM/RAP.	Pentoxifylline	74-88	low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein associated protein 1	Mus musculus	228-231
33350542-4	2021	In this prospective, analytical, experimental pilot study, a common drug (pentoxifylline [PTX]) was used with the goal of inhibiting TNF-alpha signaling in mice that underwent lingual irradiation to induce severe acute oral RIM/RAP.	Pentoxifylline	90-93	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	133-142
33350542-4	2021	In this prospective, analytical, experimental pilot study, a common drug (pentoxifylline [PTX]) was used with the goal of inhibiting TNF-alpha signaling in mice that underwent lingual irradiation to induce severe acute oral RIM/RAP.	Pentoxifylline	90-93	low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein associated protein 1	Mus musculus	228-231
33350542-9	2021	Although PTX treatment did not reduce glossitis severity or mitigate weight loss in mice with RIM/RAP, it did inhibit the upregulation of TNF-alpha"s receptor that normally accompanies RIM, and it also reduced neuronal responsiveness to each of the aforementioned chemical stimuli.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	138-147
33350542-10	2021	These results provide provisional evidence that inhibition of TNF-alpha signaling with PTX treatment may serve as a useful tool for reducing pain in head and neck cancer patients.	Pentoxifylline	87-90	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	62-71
33553684-0	2021	Influence of pentoxifylline on gene expression of PAG1/ miR-1206/ SNHG14 in ischemic heart disease.	Pentoxifylline	13-27	phosphoprotein membrane anchor with glycosphingolipid microdomains 1	Homo sapiens	50-54
33553684-0	2021	Influence of pentoxifylline on gene expression of PAG1/ miR-1206/ SNHG14 in ischemic heart disease.	Pentoxifylline	13-27	microRNA 1206	Homo sapiens	56-64
33553684-0	2021	Influence of pentoxifylline on gene expression of PAG1/ miR-1206/ SNHG14 in ischemic heart disease.	Pentoxifylline	13-27	small nucleolar RNA host gene 14	Homo sapiens	66-72
33553684-5	2021	The results found that the relative expression of SNHG14 was significantly upregulated in I/R, but suppressed in PTX treated groups with enhancement of the relative expression level of miR-1206.	Pentoxifylline	113-116	small nucleolar RNA host gene 14	Homo sapiens	50-56
33553684-5	2021	The results found that the relative expression of SNHG14 was significantly upregulated in I/R, but suppressed in PTX treated groups with enhancement of the relative expression level of miR-1206.	Pentoxifylline	113-116	microRNA 1206	Homo sapiens	185-193
33553684-6	2021	The gene and protein expression of PAG1 were downregulated with effective doses of PTX.	Pentoxifylline	83-86	phosphoprotein membrane anchor with glycosphingolipid microdomains 1	Homo sapiens	35-39
33553684-7	2021	The results showed that (30 and 40 mg/kg bwt) PTX dose suppressed the CTLA4 development significantly.	Pentoxifylline	46-49	cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4	Homo sapiens	70-75
33468116-14	2021	MPO and IL-8 levels were lower in the HC-IPA + PTX group compared to the corresponding levels in the HC-IP group.	Pentoxifylline	47-50	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 15	Mus musculus	8-12
33468116-15	2021	Chitotriosidase (CHIT1) and Chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) expression in the HC-IPA group was decreased after PTX treatment (p < 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	107-110	chitinase 1 (chitotriosidase)	Mus musculus	17-22
33468116-15	2021	Chitotriosidase (CHIT1) and Chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) expression in the HC-IPA group was decreased after PTX treatment (p < 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	107-110	chitinase-like 1	Mus musculus	28-46
33468116-15	2021	Chitotriosidase (CHIT1) and Chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1) expression in the HC-IPA group was decreased after PTX treatment (p < 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	107-110	chitinase-like 1	Mus musculus	48-54
33680921-0	2020	Pentoxifylline Sensitizes Cisplatin-Resistant Human Cervical Cancer Cells to Cisplatin Treatment: Involvement of Mitochondrial and NF-Kappa B Pathways.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	131-141
33505582-7	2021	PTX was able to reduce the increased levels of serum cardiac markers (LDH, CPK, cTnI, TC, and TG), cardiac LPO, and improve antioxidant markers (TAC, TTGs, CAT, SOD, and GPx) alongside histopathologic changes.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	troponin I, cardiac 3	Mus musculus	80-84
33505582-7	2021	PTX was able to reduce the increased levels of serum cardiac markers (LDH, CPK, cTnI, TC, and TG), cardiac LPO, and improve antioxidant markers (TAC, TTGs, CAT, SOD, and GPx) alongside histopathologic changes.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	catalase	Mus musculus	156-159
33278747-1	2021	We have previously hypothesized that pentoxifylline could be beneficial for the treatment of COVID-19 given its potential to restore the immune response equilibrium, reduce the impact of the disease on the endothelium and alveolar epithelial cells, and improve the circulatory function.Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and lymphocyte count are accessible biomarkers that correlate with the severity of COVID-19, the need for hospitalization, and mortality, reflecting the host immune response"s contribution to the seriousness of SARS-CoV-2 infection.	Pentoxifylline	37-51	lactate dehydrogenase	None	292-313
32634540-4	2021	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, with additional pleiotropic effects that lead to improved CBF and increases in brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	188-221
32634540-4	2021	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, with additional pleiotropic effects that lead to improved CBF and increases in brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	223-227
32634540-4	2021	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, with additional pleiotropic effects that lead to improved CBF and increases in brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	188-221
32634540-4	2021	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, with additional pleiotropic effects that lead to improved CBF and increases in brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	223-227
33680921-3	2020	The effects of PTX on tumor cells have been related to the disruption of the NF-kappaB pathway, thus preventing the activation of cell survival mechanisms such as the expression of anti-apoptotic genes, the secretion of proinflammatory interleukins, and growth factors.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	77-86
33680921-7	2020	Results: PTX sensitized SiHaCIS-R cells to the effects of CIS by inducing apoptosis, caspase activation, and PARP-1 cleavage.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	caspase 8	Homo sapiens	85-92
33680921-7	2020	Results: PTX sensitized SiHaCIS-R cells to the effects of CIS by inducing apoptosis, caspase activation, and PARP-1 cleavage.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	109-115
33680921-8	2020	PTX treatment also decreased p65 phosphorylation, increased Pt levels, depleted GSH, and downregulated the expression of the ATP7A, ATP7B, GSR, and MGST1 genes.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	29-32
33680921-8	2020	PTX treatment also decreased p65 phosphorylation, increased Pt levels, depleted GSH, and downregulated the expression of the ATP7A, ATP7B, GSR, and MGST1 genes.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	ATPase copper transporting alpha	Homo sapiens	125-130
33680921-8	2020	PTX treatment also decreased p65 phosphorylation, increased Pt levels, depleted GSH, and downregulated the expression of the ATP7A, ATP7B, GSR, and MGST1 genes.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	ATPase copper transporting beta	Homo sapiens	132-137
33680921-8	2020	PTX treatment also decreased p65 phosphorylation, increased Pt levels, depleted GSH, and downregulated the expression of the ATP7A, ATP7B, GSR, and MGST1 genes.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	microsomal glutathione S-transferase 1	Homo sapiens	148-153
32592722-19	2020	Lower doses of PTX and ETN did not affect any of the evaluated parameters in this study, except for a small reduction in TNF-alpha levels.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	121-130
32946870-7	2020	Pentoxifylline is well-known anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative molecules that have already shown to suppress Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-alpha) as well as other inflammatory cytokines in pulmonary diseases, and this may be beneficial for better clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	112-133
32946870-7	2020	Pentoxifylline is well-known anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative molecules that have already shown to suppress Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF-alpha) as well as other inflammatory cytokines in pulmonary diseases, and this may be beneficial for better clinical outcomes in COVID-19 patients.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	135-144
33187081-6	2020	Furthermore, application of phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline, a potent immunomodulator, effectively inhibited ZEB1 and CD73 expression and significantly decreased viability, clonogenicity, and invasion of GSC in vitro cultures.	Pentoxifylline	56-70	zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	120-124
33187081-6	2020	Furthermore, application of phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline, a potent immunomodulator, effectively inhibited ZEB1 and CD73 expression and significantly decreased viability, clonogenicity, and invasion of GSC in vitro cultures.	Pentoxifylline	56-70	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	129-133
32540603-1	2020	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that increases cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels, which in turn activate protein kinase, leading to a reduction in the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines to ultimately influence the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in vitro by inhibiting angiotensin 1 receptor (AT1R) expression.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	angiotensin II receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	298-320
32540603-1	2020	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that increases cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels, which in turn activate protein kinase, leading to a reduction in the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines to ultimately influence the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in vitro by inhibiting angiotensin 1 receptor (AT1R) expression.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	angiotensin II receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	322-326
32540603-1	2020	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that increases cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels, which in turn activate protein kinase, leading to a reduction in the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines to ultimately influence the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in vitro by inhibiting angiotensin 1 receptor (AT1R) expression.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	angiotensin II receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	298-320
32540603-1	2020	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor that increases cyclic adenosine monophosphate levels, which in turn activate protein kinase, leading to a reduction in the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines to ultimately influence the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in vitro by inhibiting angiotensin 1 receptor (AT1R) expression.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	angiotensin II receptor type 1	Homo sapiens	322-326
32540603-7	2020	Another advantage is that PTX selectively reduces the concentration of TNF-alpha mRNA in cells, which, in the case of an acute infectious state such as COVID-19, would seem to offer a more strategic approach.	Pentoxifylline	26-29	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	71-80
33231568-5	2020	PTX also reduced malondialdehyde levels and increased the GSH/GSSG ratio, mitochondrial ATP, nuclear Nrf2, and cAMP levels, and upregulated PGC-1alpha, nuclear respiratory factor 1, and mitochondrial transcription factor A expression in the substantia nigra and hippocampus of aged rats.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	101-105
33231568-5	2020	PTX also reduced malondialdehyde levels and increased the GSH/GSSG ratio, mitochondrial ATP, nuclear Nrf2, and cAMP levels, and upregulated PGC-1alpha, nuclear respiratory factor 1, and mitochondrial transcription factor A expression in the substantia nigra and hippocampus of aged rats.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	140-150
33231568-5	2020	PTX also reduced malondialdehyde levels and increased the GSH/GSSG ratio, mitochondrial ATP, nuclear Nrf2, and cAMP levels, and upregulated PGC-1alpha, nuclear respiratory factor 1, and mitochondrial transcription factor A expression in the substantia nigra and hippocampus of aged rats.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	nuclear respiratory factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	152-180
33231568-6	2020	Thus, increased nuclear Nrf2 levels and upregulation of PGC-1alpha, which enhance antioxidative capability and promote mitochondrial biogenesis, may be responsible for PTX-induced amelioration of behavioral deficits in aged rats.	Pentoxifylline	168-171	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	24-28
33231568-6	2020	Thus, increased nuclear Nrf2 levels and upregulation of PGC-1alpha, which enhance antioxidative capability and promote mitochondrial biogenesis, may be responsible for PTX-induced amelioration of behavioral deficits in aged rats.	Pentoxifylline	168-171	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Rattus norvegicus	56-66
32592722-20	2020	The findings of the present study suggest that PTX and ETN treatment exerts immunomodulatory effects, blunted excessive ROS formation, and decreased renovascular hypertension-induced MMP-2 up-regulation, leading to improvement ofvascular remodeling typically found in 2K1C hypertension.	Pentoxifylline	47-50	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Rattus norvegicus	183-188
33073938-10	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Although pentoxifylline administration had caused significant reduction in CRP and TNF-alpha, as well as significant increase of albumin levels in the intervention group, but these changes were not significant in comparison with control group.	Pentoxifylline	22-36	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	88-91
33073938-10	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Although pentoxifylline administration had caused significant reduction in CRP and TNF-alpha, as well as significant increase of albumin levels in the intervention group, but these changes were not significant in comparison with control group.	Pentoxifylline	22-36	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	96-105
33073938-10	2020	CONCLUSIONS: Although pentoxifylline administration had caused significant reduction in CRP and TNF-alpha, as well as significant increase of albumin levels in the intervention group, but these changes were not significant in comparison with control group.	Pentoxifylline	22-36	albumin	Homo sapiens	142-149
32650197-3	2020	The venerable drug pentoxifylline (PTX) exerts both anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects that reflect its ability to boost the responsiveness of A2AR to extracellular adenosine.	Pentoxifylline	19-33	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	153-157
32763295-9	2020	Pentoxifylline also increased the renal levels of GLO 1 and the activities of antioxidant enzymes.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	glyoxalase 1	Mus musculus	50-55
32650197-3	2020	The venerable drug pentoxifylline (PTX) exerts both anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects that reflect its ability to boost the responsiveness of A2AR to extracellular adenosine.	Pentoxifylline	35-38	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	153-157
32777238-0	2020	Implications of miRNAs on TGF-beta/TAK1/mTOR pathway in mediating the renoprotective effects of pentoxifylline against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.	Pentoxifylline	96-110	transforming growth factor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	26-34
32777238-11	2020	PTX significantly protected renal cells against CIS-induced changes as indicated by reverting the level of the investigated parameters, while exhibiting an antagonistic effect on TGFbetaR-1 and TAK1.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	mitogen activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7	Rattus norvegicus	194-198
32777238-0	2020	Implications of miRNAs on TGF-beta/TAK1/mTOR pathway in mediating the renoprotective effects of pentoxifylline against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.	Pentoxifylline	96-110	mitogen activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7	Rattus norvegicus	35-39
32777238-13	2020	PTX was able to shield CIS-induced toxicity possibly through blocking TGF-beta pathway, while promoting autophagy in a TAK1 independent manner with the involvement of the examined microRNAs.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	70-78
32777238-13	2020	PTX was able to shield CIS-induced toxicity possibly through blocking TGF-beta pathway, while promoting autophagy in a TAK1 independent manner with the involvement of the examined microRNAs.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	mitogen activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7	Rattus norvegicus	119-123
32777238-0	2020	Implications of miRNAs on TGF-beta/TAK1/mTOR pathway in mediating the renoprotective effects of pentoxifylline against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.	Pentoxifylline	96-110	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Rattus norvegicus	40-44
32777238-4	2020	Pentoxifylline (PTX) anti-inflammatory effects are mediated via suppressing TGF-beta and regulating mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	76-84
32777238-4	2020	Pentoxifylline (PTX) anti-inflammatory effects are mediated via suppressing TGF-beta and regulating mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	100-129
32777238-4	2020	Pentoxifylline (PTX) anti-inflammatory effects are mediated via suppressing TGF-beta and regulating mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	131-135
32777238-4	2020	Pentoxifylline (PTX) anti-inflammatory effects are mediated via suppressing TGF-beta and regulating mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).	Pentoxifylline	16-19	transforming growth factor alpha	Homo sapiens	76-84
32777238-4	2020	Pentoxifylline (PTX) anti-inflammatory effects are mediated via suppressing TGF-beta and regulating mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).	Pentoxifylline	16-19	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	100-129
32777238-4	2020	Pentoxifylline (PTX) anti-inflammatory effects are mediated via suppressing TGF-beta and regulating mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR).	Pentoxifylline	16-19	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	131-135
32777238-6	2020	Moreover, we aimed at examining the ability of PTX to interact with TGF-beta receptor-1 (TGFbetaR-1) and TAK1, and examine its ability to downgrade the previously reported toxicities.	Pentoxifylline	47-50	mitogen activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7	Rattus norvegicus	105-109
32777238-8	2020	Molecular docking studies of PTX on TGFbetaR-1 and TAK1 were also executed.	Pentoxifylline	29-32	mitogen activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7	Rattus norvegicus	51-55
32706089-6	2020	Pentoxifylline, a non-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor widely used to improve the rheological properties of blood, has beneficial anti-inflammatory properties and can significantly reduce the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, C-reactive protein and other immunoregulators.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	247-265
32857721-1	2020	OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to investigate the transcriptional activity of the GLP-1R, DPP-4, SGLT-1, INSR, and IGF-1R genes in GALT cells of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes in both untreated and treated with pentoxifylline, as a non-specific blocker of TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	235-249	glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	95-101
32857721-6	2020	The transcriptional activity of the INSR and IGF-1R genes was reduced in diabetic rats and the administration of the non-specific TNF-alpha blocker - pentoxifylline led to a significant increase only for INSR gene in animals on the 4th week of the experimental diabetes.	Pentoxifylline	150-164	insulin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	36-40
32857721-6	2020	The transcriptional activity of the INSR and IGF-1R genes was reduced in diabetic rats and the administration of the non-specific TNF-alpha blocker - pentoxifylline led to a significant increase only for INSR gene in animals on the 4th week of the experimental diabetes.	Pentoxifylline	150-164	insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor	Rattus norvegicus	45-51
32857721-6	2020	The transcriptional activity of the INSR and IGF-1R genes was reduced in diabetic rats and the administration of the non-specific TNF-alpha blocker - pentoxifylline led to a significant increase only for INSR gene in animals on the 4th week of the experimental diabetes.	Pentoxifylline	150-164	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	130-139
32857721-6	2020	The transcriptional activity of the INSR and IGF-1R genes was reduced in diabetic rats and the administration of the non-specific TNF-alpha blocker - pentoxifylline led to a significant increase only for INSR gene in animals on the 4th week of the experimental diabetes.	Pentoxifylline	150-164	insulin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	204-208
33072121-8	2020	Addition of PTX to GENT profoundly inhibited E. coli-induced TNF and enhanced IL-10 in blood of newborn mice at all timepoints, whereas it primarily upregulated IL-10 production in peripheral organs (lung, spleen, brain).	Pentoxifylline	12-15	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	78-83
33072121-8	2020	Addition of PTX to GENT profoundly inhibited E. coli-induced TNF and enhanced IL-10 in blood of newborn mice at all timepoints, whereas it primarily upregulated IL-10 production in peripheral organs (lung, spleen, brain).	Pentoxifylline	12-15	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	161-166
33072121-10	2020	Conclusion: Addition of PTX to antibiotics in murine neonatal E. coli sepsis promoted an anti-inflammatory milieu through inhibition of plasma TNF and enhancement of IL-10 production in plasma and organs without increasing bacterial growth, supporting its utility as a potential adjunctive agent for newborn sepsis.	Pentoxifylline	24-27	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	166-171
33209221-10	2020	PTX in the LPS + PTX group significantly increased the expression of Bcl-2, BAD and Caspase-3.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	69-74
33209221-10	2020	PTX in the LPS + PTX group significantly increased the expression of Bcl-2, BAD and Caspase-3.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	84-93
33209221-10	2020	PTX in the LPS + PTX group significantly increased the expression of Bcl-2, BAD and Caspase-3.	Pentoxifylline	17-20	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	69-74
33209221-10	2020	PTX in the LPS + PTX group significantly increased the expression of Bcl-2, BAD and Caspase-3.	Pentoxifylline	17-20	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	84-93
32706089-6	2020	Pentoxifylline, a non-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor widely used to improve the rheological properties of blood, has beneficial anti-inflammatory properties and can significantly reduce the serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, C-reactive protein and other immunoregulators.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	303-321
32060380-2	2020	To further understand the role of inflammation in hypertension, we used a rat renovascular model of hypertension in which we administered the TNF-alpha synthesis inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX, 30 mg/kg/day) in the drinking water for 60 days.	Pentoxifylline	172-186	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	142-151
32060380-5	2020	Furthermore, systemic PTX administration decreased c-Fos expression within the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PTX: 17 +- 4 vs. Veh: 70 +- 13 cells, P &lt; 0.01, N = 5, PVN) and increased the total number of microglial branches (PTX: 2129 +- 242 vs. Veh: 1415 +- 227 branches, P &lt; 0.05, N = 4/group).	Pentoxifylline	22-25	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	51-56
31746626-5	2020	Then the weaned offspring were treated with an ACE inhibitor (captopril) or a TNF-alpha inhibitor (pentoxifylline) in the drinking water through the end of testing with a slow-pressor dose of ANG II.	Pentoxifylline	99-113	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	78-87
32589233-13	2020	TNFalpha levels were lower in pentoxifylline and milrinone groups compared to the control group.	Pentoxifylline	30-44	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	0-8
32050083-0	2020	Diosmin enhances the anti-angiogenic activity of sildenafil and pentoxifylline against hepatopulmonary syndrome via regulation of TNF-alpha/VEGF, IGF-1/PI3K/AKT, and FGF-1/ANG-2 signaling pathways.	Pentoxifylline	64-78	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	130-139
32050083-0	2020	Diosmin enhances the anti-angiogenic activity of sildenafil and pentoxifylline against hepatopulmonary syndrome via regulation of TNF-alpha/VEGF, IGF-1/PI3K/AKT, and FGF-1/ANG-2 signaling pathways.	Pentoxifylline	64-78	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	140-144
32050083-0	2020	Diosmin enhances the anti-angiogenic activity of sildenafil and pentoxifylline against hepatopulmonary syndrome via regulation of TNF-alpha/VEGF, IGF-1/PI3K/AKT, and FGF-1/ANG-2 signaling pathways.	Pentoxifylline	64-78	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	146-151
32050083-0	2020	Diosmin enhances the anti-angiogenic activity of sildenafil and pentoxifylline against hepatopulmonary syndrome via regulation of TNF-alpha/VEGF, IGF-1/PI3K/AKT, and FGF-1/ANG-2 signaling pathways.	Pentoxifylline	64-78	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	157-160
32050083-0	2020	Diosmin enhances the anti-angiogenic activity of sildenafil and pentoxifylline against hepatopulmonary syndrome via regulation of TNF-alpha/VEGF, IGF-1/PI3K/AKT, and FGF-1/ANG-2 signaling pathways.	Pentoxifylline	64-78	fibroblast growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	166-171
31578565-6	2020	Pb-infected mice treated with PTX/ITC presented a reduction in the pulmonary concentrations of OH-proline, associated with lower concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and higher concentrations of IL-10 compared to the controls.	Pentoxifylline	30-33	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	147-165
31578565-6	2020	Pb-infected mice treated with PTX/ITC presented a reduction in the pulmonary concentrations of OH-proline, associated with lower concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and higher concentrations of IL-10 compared to the controls.	Pentoxifylline	30-33	interleukin 17A	Mus musculus	167-172
31578565-6	2020	Pb-infected mice treated with PTX/ITC presented a reduction in the pulmonary concentrations of OH-proline, associated with lower concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and higher concentrations of IL-10 compared to the controls.	Pentoxifylline	30-33	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	178-216
31578565-6	2020	Pb-infected mice treated with PTX/ITC presented a reduction in the pulmonary concentrations of OH-proline, associated with lower concentrations of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and higher concentrations of IL-10 compared to the controls.	Pentoxifylline	30-33	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	246-251
32315584-7	2020	Total numbers of Tregs as well as activated Tregs were reduced in FV-infected mice after treatment with anti-IL-2 antibodies or the c-Rel blocking reagent pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	155-169	reticuloendotheliosis oncogene	Mus musculus	132-137
32331232-6	2020	Furthermore, c-REL inhibition with pentoxifylline (PTXF) resulted in a complete shift towards oligodendroglial fate, as demonstrated by the presence of OLIG2+/O4+-oligodendrocytes, which showed PDGFRalpha, NG2 and MBP at the transcript level.	Pentoxifylline	35-49	reticuloendotheliosis oncogene	Mus musculus	13-18
32331232-6	2020	Furthermore, c-REL inhibition with pentoxifylline (PTXF) resulted in a complete shift towards oligodendroglial fate, as demonstrated by the presence of OLIG2+/O4+-oligodendrocytes, which showed PDGFRalpha, NG2 and MBP at the transcript level.	Pentoxifylline	35-49	oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	152-157
32331232-6	2020	Furthermore, c-REL inhibition with pentoxifylline (PTXF) resulted in a complete shift towards oligodendroglial fate, as demonstrated by the presence of OLIG2+/O4+-oligodendrocytes, which showed PDGFRalpha, NG2 and MBP at the transcript level.	Pentoxifylline	35-49	platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	194-204
32331232-6	2020	Furthermore, c-REL inhibition with pentoxifylline (PTXF) resulted in a complete shift towards oligodendroglial fate, as demonstrated by the presence of OLIG2+/O4+-oligodendrocytes, which showed PDGFRalpha, NG2 and MBP at the transcript level.	Pentoxifylline	35-49	chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4	Homo sapiens	206-209
32331232-6	2020	Furthermore, c-REL inhibition with pentoxifylline (PTXF) resulted in a complete shift towards oligodendroglial fate, as demonstrated by the presence of OLIG2+/O4+-oligodendrocytes, which showed PDGFRalpha, NG2 and MBP at the transcript level.	Pentoxifylline	35-49	myelin basic protein	Mus musculus	214-217
32331232-6	2020	Furthermore, c-REL inhibition with pentoxifylline (PTXF) resulted in a complete shift towards oligodendroglial fate, as demonstrated by the presence of OLIG2+/O4+-oligodendrocytes, which showed PDGFRalpha, NG2 and MBP at the transcript level.	Pentoxifylline	51-55	reticuloendotheliosis oncogene	Mus musculus	13-18
32331232-6	2020	Furthermore, c-REL inhibition with pentoxifylline (PTXF) resulted in a complete shift towards oligodendroglial fate, as demonstrated by the presence of OLIG2+/O4+-oligodendrocytes, which showed PDGFRalpha, NG2 and MBP at the transcript level.	Pentoxifylline	51-55	oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	152-157
32331232-6	2020	Furthermore, c-REL inhibition with pentoxifylline (PTXF) resulted in a complete shift towards oligodendroglial fate, as demonstrated by the presence of OLIG2+/O4+-oligodendrocytes, which showed PDGFRalpha, NG2 and MBP at the transcript level.	Pentoxifylline	51-55	platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha	Homo sapiens	194-204
32331232-6	2020	Furthermore, c-REL inhibition with pentoxifylline (PTXF) resulted in a complete shift towards oligodendroglial fate, as demonstrated by the presence of OLIG2+/O4+-oligodendrocytes, which showed PDGFRalpha, NG2 and MBP at the transcript level.	Pentoxifylline	51-55	chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4	Homo sapiens	206-209
32331232-6	2020	Furthermore, c-REL inhibition with pentoxifylline (PTXF) resulted in a complete shift towards oligodendroglial fate, as demonstrated by the presence of OLIG2+/O4+-oligodendrocytes, which showed PDGFRalpha, NG2 and MBP at the transcript level.	Pentoxifylline	51-55	myelin basic protein	Mus musculus	214-217
32331232-8	2020	Transplantation of PTXF-treated predifferentiated hNSCs into an ex vivo oxidative-stress-mediated demyelination model of mouse organotypic cerebellar slices further led to integration in the white matter and differentiation into MBP+ oligodendrocytes, validating their functionality and therapeutic potential.	Pentoxifylline	19-23	myelin basic protein	Mus musculus	229-232
32050083-12	2020	Collectively, DS can augment the anti-angiogenic activity of Sild and PTX during HPS through regulation of TNF-alpha/VEGF, IGF-1/PI3K/AKT, and FGF-1/ANG-2 signaling pathways.	Pentoxifylline	70-73	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	107-116
32050083-12	2020	Collectively, DS can augment the anti-angiogenic activity of Sild and PTX during HPS through regulation of TNF-alpha/VEGF, IGF-1/PI3K/AKT, and FGF-1/ANG-2 signaling pathways.	Pentoxifylline	70-73	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	117-121
32050083-12	2020	Collectively, DS can augment the anti-angiogenic activity of Sild and PTX during HPS through regulation of TNF-alpha/VEGF, IGF-1/PI3K/AKT, and FGF-1/ANG-2 signaling pathways.	Pentoxifylline	70-73	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	123-128
32050083-12	2020	Collectively, DS can augment the anti-angiogenic activity of Sild and PTX during HPS through regulation of TNF-alpha/VEGF, IGF-1/PI3K/AKT, and FGF-1/ANG-2 signaling pathways.	Pentoxifylline	70-73	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
32050083-12	2020	Collectively, DS can augment the anti-angiogenic activity of Sild and PTX during HPS through regulation of TNF-alpha/VEGF, IGF-1/PI3K/AKT, and FGF-1/ANG-2 signaling pathways.	Pentoxifylline	70-73	fibroblast growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	143-148
32050083-12	2020	Collectively, DS can augment the anti-angiogenic activity of Sild and PTX during HPS through regulation of TNF-alpha/VEGF, IGF-1/PI3K/AKT, and FGF-1/ANG-2 signaling pathways.	Pentoxifylline	70-73	angiogenin, ribonuclease A family, member 2	Rattus norvegicus	149-154
31972363-0	2020	Pentoxifylline alleviated cardiac injury via modulating the cardiac expression of lncRNA-00654-miR-133a-SOX5 mRNA in the rat model of ischemia-reperfusion.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 8	Rattus norvegicus	95-98
31972363-0	2020	Pentoxifylline alleviated cardiac injury via modulating the cardiac expression of lncRNA-00654-miR-133a-SOX5 mRNA in the rat model of ischemia-reperfusion.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	SRY-box transcription factor 5	Rattus norvegicus	104-108
31972363-11	2020	In conclusion, PTX has the potential to alleviate cardiac injury and increase the number of c-kit + cells following ischemia-reperfusion in the rat model via modulation of lncRNA-00654 and miR-133a-SOX5 mRNA expressions.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	microRNA 133a-1	Rattus norvegicus	189-197
31972363-11	2020	In conclusion, PTX has the potential to alleviate cardiac injury and increase the number of c-kit + cells following ischemia-reperfusion in the rat model via modulation of lncRNA-00654 and miR-133a-SOX5 mRNA expressions.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	SRY-box transcription factor 5	Rattus norvegicus	198-202
31953157-8	2020	KEY FINDINGS: Adding PTX and TQ to CIS significantly reduced Notch1, Hes1, Jagged1, beta-catenin, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IFN-gamma, and VEGF with increment in IL-2, CD4, CD8, and apoptotic cells.	Pentoxifylline	21-24	notch 1	Mus musculus	61-67
31953157-8	2020	KEY FINDINGS: Adding PTX and TQ to CIS significantly reduced Notch1, Hes1, Jagged1, beta-catenin, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IFN-gamma, and VEGF with increment in IL-2, CD4, CD8, and apoptotic cells.	Pentoxifylline	21-24	hes family bHLH transcription factor 1	Mus musculus	69-73
31953157-8	2020	KEY FINDINGS: Adding PTX and TQ to CIS significantly reduced Notch1, Hes1, Jagged1, beta-catenin, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IFN-gamma, and VEGF with increment in IL-2, CD4, CD8, and apoptotic cells.	Pentoxifylline	21-24	jagged 1	Mus musculus	75-82
31953157-8	2020	KEY FINDINGS: Adding PTX and TQ to CIS significantly reduced Notch1, Hes1, Jagged1, beta-catenin, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IFN-gamma, and VEGF with increment in IL-2, CD4, CD8, and apoptotic cells.	Pentoxifylline	21-24	catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Mus musculus	84-96
31953157-8	2020	KEY FINDINGS: Adding PTX and TQ to CIS significantly reduced Notch1, Hes1, Jagged1, beta-catenin, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IFN-gamma, and VEGF with increment in IL-2, CD4, CD8, and apoptotic cells.	Pentoxifylline	21-24	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	98-107
31953157-8	2020	KEY FINDINGS: Adding PTX and TQ to CIS significantly reduced Notch1, Hes1, Jagged1, beta-catenin, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IFN-gamma, and VEGF with increment in IL-2, CD4, CD8, and apoptotic cells.	Pentoxifylline	21-24	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	109-113
31953157-8	2020	KEY FINDINGS: Adding PTX and TQ to CIS significantly reduced Notch1, Hes1, Jagged1, beta-catenin, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IFN-gamma, and VEGF with increment in IL-2, CD4, CD8, and apoptotic cells.	Pentoxifylline	21-24	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	115-124
31953157-8	2020	KEY FINDINGS: Adding PTX and TQ to CIS significantly reduced Notch1, Hes1, Jagged1, beta-catenin, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IFN-gamma, and VEGF with increment in IL-2, CD4, CD8, and apoptotic cells.	Pentoxifylline	21-24	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Mus musculus	130-134
31953157-8	2020	KEY FINDINGS: Adding PTX and TQ to CIS significantly reduced Notch1, Hes1, Jagged1, beta-catenin, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IFN-gamma, and VEGF with increment in IL-2, CD4, CD8, and apoptotic cells.	Pentoxifylline	21-24	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	153-157
31953157-8	2020	KEY FINDINGS: Adding PTX and TQ to CIS significantly reduced Notch1, Hes1, Jagged1, beta-catenin, TNF-alpha, IL-6, IFN-gamma, and VEGF with increment in IL-2, CD4, CD8, and apoptotic cells.	Pentoxifylline	21-24	CD4 antigen	Mus musculus	159-162
31621209-0	2020	Effects of pentoxifylline on whole blood IL-2 and IFN-gamma gene expression in normal dogs.	Pentoxifylline	11-25	interferon gamma	Canis lupus familiaris	50-59
31621209-2	2020	In human studies, PTX has been shown to decrease T-cell production of cytokines such as IL-2 and IFN-gamma.	Pentoxifylline	18-21	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	88-92
31621209-2	2020	In human studies, PTX has been shown to decrease T-cell production of cytokines such as IL-2 and IFN-gamma.	Pentoxifylline	18-21	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	97-106
31515204-4	2019	Consistently, a diurnal rhythm was observed for in vitro microsomal metabolism of pentoxifylline (PTX), a specific substrate of Fmo5.	Pentoxifylline	82-96	flavin containing monooxygenase 5	Mus musculus	128-132
32787748-7	2020	In acute pancreatitis, the anti-inflammatory action of pentoxifylline seems to be mediated by prevention of the rapid and presumably transient loss of PP2A activity.	Pentoxifylline	55-69	protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator	Homo sapiens	151-155
31515204-4	2019	Consistently, a diurnal rhythm was observed for in vitro microsomal metabolism of pentoxifylline (PTX), a specific substrate of Fmo5.	Pentoxifylline	98-101	flavin containing monooxygenase 5	Mus musculus	128-132
31515204-5	2019	Pharmacokinetic study revealed a more extensive metabolism of PTX at dosing time of ZT14 than at ZT2 consistent with the diurnal pattern of Fmo5 protein.	Pentoxifylline	62-65	flavin containing monooxygenase 5	Mus musculus	140-144
31554357-7	2019	Immunocytochemistry assay showed that pentoxifylline at low andhigh concentrations enhanced beta-tubulin III and GFAP protein expression compared with control cells.	Pentoxifylline	38-52	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Rattus norvegicus	113-117
31393598-6	2019	Colchicine and pentoxifylline treatment improved the symptoms of BD and increased the frequencies of CCR1+ cells in BD mice.	Pentoxifylline	15-29	chemokine (C-C motif) receptor 1	Mus musculus	101-105
31377559-6	2019	The co-administration of aminoguanidine (iNOS inhibitor), pentoxifylline (TNFalpha inhibitor), or nicotine attenuated lipopolysaccharide mediation of renal vasodilations and elevations in alpha7/alpha4beta2-nAChR and iNOS expressions.	Pentoxifylline	58-72	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	74-82
31377559-6	2019	The co-administration of aminoguanidine (iNOS inhibitor), pentoxifylline (TNFalpha inhibitor), or nicotine attenuated lipopolysaccharide mediation of renal vasodilations and elevations in alpha7/alpha4beta2-nAChR and iNOS expressions.	Pentoxifylline	58-72	cholinergic receptor nicotinic beta 1 subunit	Rattus norvegicus	207-212
31377559-6	2019	The co-administration of aminoguanidine (iNOS inhibitor), pentoxifylline (TNFalpha inhibitor), or nicotine attenuated lipopolysaccharide mediation of renal vasodilations and elevations in alpha7/alpha4beta2-nAChR and iNOS expressions.	Pentoxifylline	58-72	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	217-221
29980797-9	2019	In the EG/PTX-treated group, the MDA, TOS and MPO activity reduced and the TAS, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities were increased markedly compared with the group 2.	Pentoxifylline	10-13	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
29980797-9	2019	In the EG/PTX-treated group, the MDA, TOS and MPO activity reduced and the TAS, SOD, CAT and GSH-Px activities were increased markedly compared with the group 2.	Pentoxifylline	10-13	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	85-88
31391086-9	2019	Furthermore, our results also showed that the increased levels of ROS, TNFalpha and NADPH oxidase subunits mRNA and protein in the PVN of rats with OH were significantly reversed by pentoxifylline (PTX, 30 mg/kg daily ip; in 10% ethanol) application, a cytokine blocker, for a period of 5 weeks.	Pentoxifylline	182-196	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	71-79
31351141-8	2019	PTX treatment limited the decrease of mBDNF, and decreased cytokine levels in plasma, PVN and PFC to (below) sham levels.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Mus musculus	38-43
31270945-0	2019	The Akt/FoxO/p27Kip1 axis contributes to the anti-proliferation of pentoxifylline in hypertrophic scars.	Pentoxifylline	67-81	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	4-7
31270945-0	2019	The Akt/FoxO/p27Kip1 axis contributes to the anti-proliferation of pentoxifylline in hypertrophic scars.	Pentoxifylline	67-81	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B	Mus musculus	13-20
31270945-6	2019	Transcriptome sequencing showed that PTX affects HS formation through the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signalling pathway to activate p27Kip1 .	Pentoxifylline	37-40	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	79-82
31270945-6	2019	Transcriptome sequencing showed that PTX affects HS formation through the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signalling pathway to activate p27Kip1 .	Pentoxifylline	37-40	forkhead box O1	Mus musculus	83-88
31270945-6	2019	Transcriptome sequencing showed that PTX affects HS formation through the PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 signalling pathway to activate p27Kip1 .	Pentoxifylline	37-40	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B	Mus musculus	120-127
31270945-7	2019	PTX down-regulated p-Akt and up-regulated p-FoxO1 in TGF-beta1 stimulated fibroblasts at the protein level, and simultaneously, the expression of p27Kip1 was activated.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1	Mus musculus	21-24
31270945-7	2019	PTX down-regulated p-Akt and up-regulated p-FoxO1 in TGF-beta1 stimulated fibroblasts at the protein level, and simultaneously, the expression of p27Kip1 was activated.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	forkhead box O1	Mus musculus	44-49
31270945-7	2019	PTX down-regulated p-Akt and up-regulated p-FoxO1 in TGF-beta1 stimulated fibroblasts at the protein level, and simultaneously, the expression of p27Kip1 was activated.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	53-62
31270945-7	2019	PTX down-regulated p-Akt and up-regulated p-FoxO1 in TGF-beta1 stimulated fibroblasts at the protein level, and simultaneously, the expression of p27Kip1 was activated.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B	Mus musculus	146-153
31270945-9	2019	The results revealed that PTX regulates TGFbeta1-induced fibroblast activation and inhibits excessive scar formation.	Pentoxifylline	26-29	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	40-48
31219000-2	2019	Administration of pentoxifylline (PTX), an inhibitor of TNF-alpha, with pentavalent antimony (Sbv), has been successfully used as alternative treatment for refractory ML.	Pentoxifylline	18-32	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	56-65
31219000-2	2019	Administration of pentoxifylline (PTX), an inhibitor of TNF-alpha, with pentavalent antimony (Sbv), has been successfully used as alternative treatment for refractory ML.	Pentoxifylline	34-37	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	56-65
31219000-5	2019	However, although the number and frequency of CD4+ and CD8+ cells were not different before and after treatments or comparing different treatments, frequency of CD68+ cells decreased after treatment with Sbv + PTX, but not with Sbv.	Pentoxifylline	210-213	CD68 molecule	Homo sapiens	161-165
31219000-7	2019	The frequency of TNF-alpha+ cells was correlated with the intensity of the inflammatory infiltrate before treatment, but this correlation was lost after treatment with Sbv + PTX.	Pentoxifylline	174-177	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	17-26
31219000-8	2019	Although the total expression of granzyme A did not significantly change after treatments, a clear trend of decrease was observed after treatment with Sbv + PTX.	Pentoxifylline	157-160	granzyme A	Homo sapiens	33-43
31219000-10	2019	Our data suggest that treatment with Sbv + PTX acts in CD68+ cells reducing the expression of TNF-alpha but not IL-10, resulting in more efficient modulation of the inflammatory response, accelerating the healing process.	Pentoxifylline	43-46	CD68 molecule	Homo sapiens	55-59
31219000-10	2019	Our data suggest that treatment with Sbv + PTX acts in CD68+ cells reducing the expression of TNF-alpha but not IL-10, resulting in more efficient modulation of the inflammatory response, accelerating the healing process.	Pentoxifylline	43-46	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	94-103
31219000-10	2019	Our data suggest that treatment with Sbv + PTX acts in CD68+ cells reducing the expression of TNF-alpha but not IL-10, resulting in more efficient modulation of the inflammatory response, accelerating the healing process.	Pentoxifylline	43-46	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	112-117
31360680-2	2019	Pentoxifylline (PTX) has an inhibitory effect on inflammatory cytokines; therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of PTX on passive avoidance learning and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and caspase-3 in the rat hippocampus, following systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	175-202
31256392-9	2019	In addition, treatment with Cd or Px alone significantly induced liver and kidney injuries indicated by serum elevations of AST, ALT, ALP, ALB, total protein, creatinine, and urea along with histopathological alterations.	Pentoxifylline	34-36	PDZ and LIM domain 3	Rattus norvegicus	134-137
31256392-9	2019	In addition, treatment with Cd or Px alone significantly induced liver and kidney injuries indicated by serum elevations of AST, ALT, ALP, ALB, total protein, creatinine, and urea along with histopathological alterations.	Pentoxifylline	34-36	albumin	Rattus norvegicus	139-142
31603886-7	2019	Treatment with berberine showed no significant effect on all biomarkers level compared to diclofenac group except on serum KIM-1 level which was also seen in pentoxifylline group.	Pentoxifylline	158-172	hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	123-128
30983026-0	2019	Effect of selenium and pentoxifylline on expression of CATSPER1 and 2 genes and FSH/LH levels in treated mice by dexamethasone.	Pentoxifylline	23-37	cation channel, sperm associated 1	Mus musculus	55-69
30983026-9	2019	Treating with selenium significantly increased the gene expression of both CATSPER1 and 2 (p &lt;= 0.05), while pentoxifylline enhanced only CATSPER2 gene expression (p &lt;= 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	112-126	cation channel, sperm associated 2	Mus musculus	141-149
31360680-2	2019	Pentoxifylline (PTX) has an inhibitory effect on inflammatory cytokines; therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of PTX on passive avoidance learning and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and caspase-3 in the rat hippocampus, following systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	204-213
31360680-2	2019	Pentoxifylline (PTX) has an inhibitory effect on inflammatory cytokines; therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of PTX on passive avoidance learning and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and caspase-3 in the rat hippocampus, following systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	219-228
31360680-2	2019	Pentoxifylline (PTX) has an inhibitory effect on inflammatory cytokines; therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of PTX on passive avoidance learning and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and caspase-3 in the rat hippocampus, following systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	175-202
31360680-2	2019	Pentoxifylline (PTX) has an inhibitory effect on inflammatory cytokines; therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of PTX on passive avoidance learning and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and caspase-3 in the rat hippocampus, following systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	204-213
31360680-2	2019	Pentoxifylline (PTX) has an inhibitory effect on inflammatory cytokines; therefore, we aimed to evaluate the effect of PTX on passive avoidance learning and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and caspase-3 in the rat hippocampus, following systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	219-228
31360680-11	2019	PTX with a dose of 10 mg/kg decreased the caspase-3 expression in the LPS + PTX group (P &lt; 0.001), but the expression of both genes increased, using other concentrations.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	42-51
31360680-11	2019	PTX with a dose of 10 mg/kg decreased the caspase-3 expression in the LPS + PTX group (P &lt; 0.001), but the expression of both genes increased, using other concentrations.	Pentoxifylline	76-79	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	42-51
30830654-2	2019	We aimed to evaluate the preventive effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on CIN in diabetic patients undergoing angioplasty using cystatin C.	Pentoxifylline	47-61	cystatin C	Homo sapiens	125-135
30858147-0	2019	Oral dosing of pentoxifylline, a pan-phosphodiesterase inhibitor restores bone mass and quality in osteopenic rabbits by an osteogenic mechanism: A comparative study with human parathyroid hormone.	Pentoxifylline	15-29	parathyroid hormone	Homo sapiens	177-196
31114507-3	2019	Continuous infusion of pentoxifylline, a TNF-alpha inhibitor, into the lateral ventricle of the brain for 14 consecutive days reduced blood pressure and improved baroreflex sensitivity in renovascular hypertensive rats.	Pentoxifylline	23-37	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	41-50
31334048-9	2019	Treatment with berberine showed no significant effect on all biomarkers level compared to diclofenac group except on serum KIM-1 level which also seen in the pentoxifylline group whereas combination of berberine and pentoxifylline led to more significant effect in the reduction of all renal biomarkers.	Pentoxifylline	158-172	hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1	Rattus norvegicus	123-128
30832884-5	2019	In vivo hepatoprotective activity showed that TSP-1 and TSP-2 could improve CCl4-induced mice liver injury by reducing the activities of AST, ALT and the level of MDA, increasing the activities of SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT and the level of GSH in liver and decreasing the expression levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in liver.	Pentoxifylline	206-208	tumor suppressor region 1	Mus musculus	46-51
30832884-5	2019	In vivo hepatoprotective activity showed that TSP-1 and TSP-2 could improve CCl4-induced mice liver injury by reducing the activities of AST, ALT and the level of MDA, increasing the activities of SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT and the level of GSH in liver and decreasing the expression levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 in liver.	Pentoxifylline	206-208	tumor suppressor region 2	Mus musculus	56-61
30830654-8	2019	The baseline level of cystatin C was 1.31 +- 0.39 mg/L in the PTX group and 1.24 +- 0.42 mg/L in the control group (p = 0.561).	Pentoxifylline	62-65	cystatin C	Homo sapiens	22-32
30830654-9	2019	After angioplasty, the level of cystatin C was increased to 1.33 +- 0.61 in PTX group and to 1.31 +- 0.47 in the control group but was not statistically significant.	Pentoxifylline	76-79	cystatin C	Homo sapiens	32-42
30830654-2	2019	We aimed to evaluate the preventive effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on CIN in diabetic patients undergoing angioplasty using cystatin C.	Pentoxifylline	63-66	cystatin C	Homo sapiens	125-135
30637905-6	2019	Here, we report a case of a patient who sustained long-term remission and no side effects with the novel use of pentoxifylline, a tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor, as monotherapy.	Pentoxifylline	112-126	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	130-157
30804118-4	2019	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a drug that inhibits the phosphorylation of I kappa B-alpha (IkBalpha) in serines 32 and 36, and this disrupts NF-kB activity that promotes tumor survival.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	68-83
30804118-4	2019	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a drug that inhibits the phosphorylation of I kappa B-alpha (IkBalpha) in serines 32 and 36, and this disrupts NF-kB activity that promotes tumor survival.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	68-83
30804118-9	2019	The PTX+CPt combination exhibited the highest rate of apoptosis, a decrease in cell viability and significant caspase activation, as well as loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c, and increased p53 protein levels.	Pentoxifylline	4-7	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	194-206
30804118-9	2019	The PTX+CPt combination exhibited the highest rate of apoptosis, a decrease in cell viability and significant caspase activation, as well as loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of cytochrome c, and increased p53 protein levels.	Pentoxifylline	4-7	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	222-225
30804118-10	2019	Cells treated with PTX alone displayed decreased I kappa B-alpha phosphorylation, compared to the CPt treated group.	Pentoxifylline	19-22	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	49-64
30804118-11	2019	In addition, the PTX+CPt combination treatment induced up-regulation of the proapoptotic genes Bax, Bad, Bak, and caspases- 3, -8, and -9, compared to the CPt and PTX individual treated groups.	Pentoxifylline	17-20	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	95-98
30804118-11	2019	In addition, the PTX+CPt combination treatment induced up-regulation of the proapoptotic genes Bax, Bad, Bak, and caspases- 3, -8, and -9, compared to the CPt and PTX individual treated groups.	Pentoxifylline	17-20	BCL2 antagonist/killer 1	Homo sapiens	105-137
29742924-3	2018	We aimed to investigate the effect of POL on aortic calcification and whether PCSK9 has a contributory role and also to examine whether the combination of POL with pentoxifylline (PTX) as anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha would offer additional benefits.	Pentoxifylline	180-183	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	193-220
31188910-10	2019	The number of labeled cells for TUNEL and Bax was lower in the HS+PTX group than in the other groups (p&lt;0.05).	Pentoxifylline	66-69	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	42-45
31188910-11	2019	The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was lower in the HS+PTX group than in the other groups (p&lt;0.05).	Pentoxifylline	40-43	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
31188910-11	2019	The Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was lower in the HS+PTX group than in the other groups (p&lt;0.05).	Pentoxifylline	40-43	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	8-13
30358741-9	2019	Collagen and YAP were reduced by treatment with the anti-fibrogenic drug pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	73-87	Yes1 associated transcriptional regulator	Homo sapiens	13-16
32821443-5	2019	Fibrinogen levels decreased on the second day of pentoxifylline treatment (p<0.05) and on the last day of AT III treatment (p<0.001).	Pentoxifylline	49-63	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	0-10
32821443-7	2019	Conclusion: Both ATIII and pentoxifylline treatments had positive effects on fibrinogen, FDP, D-Dimer, AT III activity and DIC scores in patients with Gram-negative sepsis who developed DIC.	Pentoxifylline	27-41	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	77-87
32821443-7	2019	Conclusion: Both ATIII and pentoxifylline treatments had positive effects on fibrinogen, FDP, D-Dimer, AT III activity and DIC scores in patients with Gram-negative sepsis who developed DIC.	Pentoxifylline	27-41	otoraplin	Homo sapiens	89-92
32821443-7	2019	Conclusion: Both ATIII and pentoxifylline treatments had positive effects on fibrinogen, FDP, D-Dimer, AT III activity and DIC scores in patients with Gram-negative sepsis who developed DIC.	Pentoxifylline	27-41	serpin family C member 1	Homo sapiens	103-109
29742924-12	2018	Combination of POL with PTX alleviated aortic calcification to a greater extent than either monotherapy, which may be attributed to further suppression of PCSK9 and calcification markers.	Pentoxifylline	24-27	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9	Oryctolagus cuniculus	155-160
29715306-12	2018	Synergistic inhibition of TNF production by (PTX+DEX) was especially pronounced in newborn vs. adult blood and was accompanied by reduction of TNF mRNA and enhancement of IL10 mRNA.	Pentoxifylline	45-48	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	26-29
30374312-7	2018	As TNF-alpha synthesis suppressor pentoxifylline (PTX) was previously administered into the hindlimb with femoral artery occlusion, sympathetic, and pressor responses induced by capsaicin and AITC were attenuated.	Pentoxifylline	34-48	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	3-12
30374312-7	2018	As TNF-alpha synthesis suppressor pentoxifylline (PTX) was previously administered into the hindlimb with femoral artery occlusion, sympathetic, and pressor responses induced by capsaicin and AITC were attenuated.	Pentoxifylline	50-53	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	3-12
30338039-2	2018	Pentoxifylline, a medicine used for improving the circulation, has been reported to inhibit TNF-alpha production and to ameliorate inflammatory bowel disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	92-101
30338039-6	2018	The pentoxifylline treatment also lowered the levels of oxidative stress markers and mRNAs of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-alpha and IL-6, in the colon mucosa.	Pentoxifylline	4-18	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	132-141
30338039-6	2018	The pentoxifylline treatment also lowered the levels of oxidative stress markers and mRNAs of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-alpha and IL-6, in the colon mucosa.	Pentoxifylline	4-18	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	146-150
30338039-7	2018	The PCNA labeling index and the inflammation score were also decreased in the colon of rats in the pentoxifylline -treated group.	Pentoxifylline	99-113	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Rattus norvegicus	4-8
30155353-3	2018	The aim of this study was to investigate whether PTX can reduce post-operative intra-abdominal adhesion formation via collagen deposition, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) level, inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrosis.	Pentoxifylline	49-52	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	139-167
30155353-3	2018	The aim of this study was to investigate whether PTX can reduce post-operative intra-abdominal adhesion formation via collagen deposition, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) level, inflammation, angiogenesis, and fibrosis.	Pentoxifylline	49-52	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	169-172
30155353-14	2018	ELISA analysis showed that PTX treatment significantly increased the level of tPA in the peritoneum.	Pentoxifylline	27-30	plasminogen activator, tissue	Mus musculus	78-81
30155353-16	2018	Finally, we also observed that in the PTX treated group, there was a reduction in the expression of F4/80+, FSP-1+, and alpha-SMA+ cells at the site of adhesion.	Pentoxifylline	38-41	adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E1	Mus musculus	100-106
30155353-16	2018	Finally, we also observed that in the PTX treated group, there was a reduction in the expression of F4/80+, FSP-1+, and alpha-SMA+ cells at the site of adhesion.	Pentoxifylline	38-41	atlastin GTPase 1	Mus musculus	108-113
29852187-0	2018	Targeting Keap-1/Nrf-2 pathway and cytoglobin as a potential protective mechanism of diosmin and pentoxifylline against cholestatic liver cirrhosis.	Pentoxifylline	97-111	Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	10-16
29852187-0	2018	Targeting Keap-1/Nrf-2 pathway and cytoglobin as a potential protective mechanism of diosmin and pentoxifylline against cholestatic liver cirrhosis.	Pentoxifylline	97-111	cytoglobin	Rattus norvegicus	35-45
29852187-10	2018	SIGNIFICANCE: DS and PTX could mitigate liver cirrhosis through modulation of Keap-1/Nrf-2/GSH and NF-kappaB-p65/p38-MAPK signaling pathways.	Pentoxifylline	21-24	Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	78-84
29852187-10	2018	SIGNIFICANCE: DS and PTX could mitigate liver cirrhosis through modulation of Keap-1/Nrf-2/GSH and NF-kappaB-p65/p38-MAPK signaling pathways.	Pentoxifylline	21-24	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	85-90
29852187-10	2018	SIGNIFICANCE: DS and PTX could mitigate liver cirrhosis through modulation of Keap-1/Nrf-2/GSH and NF-kappaB-p65/p38-MAPK signaling pathways.	Pentoxifylline	21-24	synaptotagmin 1	Rattus norvegicus	109-112
29852187-10	2018	SIGNIFICANCE: DS and PTX could mitigate liver cirrhosis through modulation of Keap-1/Nrf-2/GSH and NF-kappaB-p65/p38-MAPK signaling pathways.	Pentoxifylline	21-24	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	113-116
29852187-11	2018	In addition, we demonstrated that the hepatoprotective effect of DS and PTX is mediated by up-regulation of cytoglobin with inhibition of fibrotic reaction.	Pentoxifylline	72-75	cytoglobin	Rattus norvegicus	108-118
29866645-0	2018	Effects of Pentoxifylline on Soluble Klotho Concentrations and Renal Tubular Cell Expression in Diabetic Kidney Disease.	Pentoxifylline	11-25	klotho	Homo sapiens	37-43
29866645-1	2018	OBJECTIVE: The effect of pentoxifylline on Klotho levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with chronic kidney disease (CKD) was assessed in a post hoc analysis of the Pentoxifylline for Renoprotection in Diabetic Nephropathy (PREDIAN) trial.	Pentoxifylline	25-39	klotho	Homo sapiens	43-49
29866645-4	2018	RESULTS: Pentoxifylline administration resulted in decreased serum and urinary TNF-alpha, whereas serum and urinary Klotho increased significantly.	Pentoxifylline	9-23	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	79-88
29866645-6	2018	In renal tubular cells, pentoxifylline prevented the decrease in Klotho expression induced by inflammatory cytokines or albumin.	Pentoxifylline	24-38	klotho	Homo sapiens	65-71
29866645-7	2018	CONCLUSIONS: Pentoxifylline increased Klotho levels in patients with diabetes with stage 3-4 CKD and prevented reduced Klotho expression in vitro.	Pentoxifylline	13-27	klotho	Homo sapiens	38-44
29866645-7	2018	CONCLUSIONS: Pentoxifylline increased Klotho levels in patients with diabetes with stage 3-4 CKD and prevented reduced Klotho expression in vitro.	Pentoxifylline	13-27	klotho	Homo sapiens	119-125
29535000-0	2018	Pentoxifylline inhibits angiogenesis via decreasing Dll4 and Notch1 expression in mouse proepicardial explant cultures.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	delta like canonical Notch ligand 4	Mus musculus	52-56
29535000-0	2018	Pentoxifylline inhibits angiogenesis via decreasing Dll4 and Notch1 expression in mouse proepicardial explant cultures.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	notch 1	Mus musculus	61-67
29559394-10	2018	Furthermore, PTX normalized SPS induced changes in the hippocampus GSH/GSSG ratio, activity of catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), BDNF, and certain histones levels.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	139-143
29559394-11	2018	In conclusion, the SPS model of PTSD-like behavior induced memory impairment, whereas PTX prevented this impairment possibly through normalizing antioxidant mechanisms, BDNF and epigenetic changes in the hippocampus.	Pentoxifylline	86-89	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	169-173
29715306-8	2018	PTX preferentially inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokines especially TNF.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	67-70
29715306-11	2018	(PTX+DEX) synergistically decreased LPS- and LPS/ATP-induced TNF, IL-1beta, and IL-6, and R848-induced IL-1beta and interferon-alpha, while (PTX+AZI) synergistically decreased induction of TNF, IL-1beta, and IL-6.	Pentoxifylline	1-4	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	61-64
29715306-11	2018	(PTX+DEX) synergistically decreased LPS- and LPS/ATP-induced TNF, IL-1beta, and IL-6, and R848-induced IL-1beta and interferon-alpha, while (PTX+AZI) synergistically decreased induction of TNF, IL-1beta, and IL-6.	Pentoxifylline	1-4	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	66-74
29715306-11	2018	(PTX+DEX) synergistically decreased LPS- and LPS/ATP-induced TNF, IL-1beta, and IL-6, and R848-induced IL-1beta and interferon-alpha, while (PTX+AZI) synergistically decreased induction of TNF, IL-1beta, and IL-6.	Pentoxifylline	1-4	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	80-84
29715306-11	2018	(PTX+DEX) synergistically decreased LPS- and LPS/ATP-induced TNF, IL-1beta, and IL-6, and R848-induced IL-1beta and interferon-alpha, while (PTX+AZI) synergistically decreased induction of TNF, IL-1beta, and IL-6.	Pentoxifylline	1-4	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	103-111
29715306-11	2018	(PTX+DEX) synergistically decreased LPS- and LPS/ATP-induced TNF, IL-1beta, and IL-6, and R848-induced IL-1beta and interferon-alpha, while (PTX+AZI) synergistically decreased induction of TNF, IL-1beta, and IL-6.	Pentoxifylline	1-4	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	189-192
29715306-11	2018	(PTX+DEX) synergistically decreased LPS- and LPS/ATP-induced TNF, IL-1beta, and IL-6, and R848-induced IL-1beta and interferon-alpha, while (PTX+AZI) synergistically decreased induction of TNF, IL-1beta, and IL-6.	Pentoxifylline	1-4	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	103-111
29715306-11	2018	(PTX+DEX) synergistically decreased LPS- and LPS/ATP-induced TNF, IL-1beta, and IL-6, and R848-induced IL-1beta and interferon-alpha, while (PTX+AZI) synergistically decreased induction of TNF, IL-1beta, and IL-6.	Pentoxifylline	1-4	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	208-212
29715306-12	2018	Synergistic inhibition of TNF production by (PTX+DEX) was especially pronounced in newborn vs. adult blood and was accompanied by reduction of TNF mRNA and enhancement of IL10 mRNA.	Pentoxifylline	45-48	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	143-146
29715306-12	2018	Synergistic inhibition of TNF production by (PTX+DEX) was especially pronounced in newborn vs. adult blood and was accompanied by reduction of TNF mRNA and enhancement of IL10 mRNA.	Pentoxifylline	45-48	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	171-175
29291576-7	2018	The levels of H2O2, O2 -, and  OH were increased, but the activities of CAT, GSH-PX, and POD were decreased by GSK-3beta RNA interference.	Pentoxifylline	81-83	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, genome duplicate a	Danio rerio	111-120
30787830-6	2018	The histopathology confirmed the clinical diagnosis of cPAN, and ultimately, she responded to treatment with pentoxifylline and topical clobetasol propionate.	Pentoxifylline	109-123	DNA fragmentation factor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	55-59
29732020-6	2018	The rele-vance of TNF-alpha to the pathogenesis of RAS has stemmed from the observations that anti- TNF-alpha drugs such as thalidomide and pentoxifylline have been found to be effective in the treatment of RAS.	Pentoxifylline	140-154	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	18-27
29357512-0	2018	Involvement of cAMP/EPAC/Akt signaling in the antiproteolytic effects of pentoxifylline on skeletal muscles of diabetic rats.	Pentoxifylline	73-87	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	15-19
29357512-0	2018	Involvement of cAMP/EPAC/Akt signaling in the antiproteolytic effects of pentoxifylline on skeletal muscles of diabetic rats.	Pentoxifylline	73-87	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Rattus norvegicus	20-24
29357512-0	2018	Involvement of cAMP/EPAC/Akt signaling in the antiproteolytic effects of pentoxifylline on skeletal muscles of diabetic rats.	Pentoxifylline	73-87	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	25-28
29357512-4	2018	The levels of atrogin-1 and muscle RING finger-1 were decreased, as were the activities of caspase-3 (EDL) and calpains (soleus and EDL), in diabetic rats treated with PTX, which at least partly explains the drop in the ubiquitin conjugate (EDL) levels and in proteasome activity (soleus and EDL).	Pentoxifylline	168-171	F-box protein 32	Rattus norvegicus	14-48
29357512-4	2018	The levels of atrogin-1 and muscle RING finger-1 were decreased, as were the activities of caspase-3 (EDL) and calpains (soleus and EDL), in diabetic rats treated with PTX, which at least partly explains the drop in the ubiquitin conjugate (EDL) levels and in proteasome activity (soleus and EDL).	Pentoxifylline	168-171	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	91-100
29357512-5	2018	Treatment with PTX decreased PDE activity and increased cAMP content in muscles of diabetic rats; moreover, it also increased both the protein levels of exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC, a cAMP effector) and the phosphorylation of Akt.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	56-60
29357512-5	2018	Treatment with PTX decreased PDE activity and increased cAMP content in muscles of diabetic rats; moreover, it also increased both the protein levels of exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC, a cAMP effector) and the phosphorylation of Akt.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	192-196
29357512-5	2018	Treatment with PTX decreased PDE activity and increased cAMP content in muscles of diabetic rats; moreover, it also increased both the protein levels of exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC, a cAMP effector) and the phosphorylation of Akt.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3	Rattus norvegicus	198-202
29357512-5	2018	Treatment with PTX decreased PDE activity and increased cAMP content in muscles of diabetic rats; moreover, it also increased both the protein levels of exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC, a cAMP effector) and the phosphorylation of Akt.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	192-196
29357512-5	2018	Treatment with PTX decreased PDE activity and increased cAMP content in muscles of diabetic rats; moreover, it also increased both the protein levels of exchange protein directly activated by cAMP (EPAC, a cAMP effector) and the phosphorylation of Akt.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	248-251
29357512-10	2018	This study advances the understanding of the mechanisms related to the antiproteolytic effects of PTX on skeletal muscles of diabetic rats, which involve the activation of both exchange protein directly activated by cAMP and Akt effectors, inhibiting the expression of atrogenes and calpain/caspase-3-proteolytic machinery.	Pentoxifylline	98-101	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Rattus norvegicus	216-220
29357512-10	2018	This study advances the understanding of the mechanisms related to the antiproteolytic effects of PTX on skeletal muscles of diabetic rats, which involve the activation of both exchange protein directly activated by cAMP and Akt effectors, inhibiting the expression of atrogenes and calpain/caspase-3-proteolytic machinery.	Pentoxifylline	98-101	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	225-228
29357512-10	2018	This study advances the understanding of the mechanisms related to the antiproteolytic effects of PTX on skeletal muscles of diabetic rats, which involve the activation of both exchange protein directly activated by cAMP and Akt effectors, inhibiting the expression of atrogenes and calpain/caspase-3-proteolytic machinery.	Pentoxifylline	98-101	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	291-300
29122398-1	2018	INTRODUCTION: The pentoxifylline seems to have some effects on immune cells by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha).	Pentoxifylline	18-32	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	90-117
29122398-1	2018	INTRODUCTION: The pentoxifylline seems to have some effects on immune cells by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha).	Pentoxifylline	18-32	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	119-127
29732020-6	2018	The rele-vance of TNF-alpha to the pathogenesis of RAS has stemmed from the observations that anti- TNF-alpha drugs such as thalidomide and pentoxifylline have been found to be effective in the treatment of RAS.	Pentoxifylline	140-154	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	100-109
30205379-10	2018	Moreover, the PTX group showed a statistically significantly greater reduction in the serum levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10, and 8-OHdG along with a statistically significant increase in the levels of BDNF and serotonin in comparison with the control group after the treatment.	Pentoxifylline	14-17	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	102-111
31038022-13	2018	The S100B level positively correlated with brain damage, NO, Bax, caspase-3, and NOS activity but negatively correlated with SOD, Bax, and GSH-PX.	Pentoxifylline	143-145	S100 calcium binding protein B	Rattus norvegicus	4-9
29115594-0	2018	Pentoxifylline exerts anti-inflammatory effects on cerebral ischemia reperfusion-induced injury in a rat model via the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	119-122
29115594-5	2018	In addition, pentoxifylline treatment significantly reversed the cerebral ischemia reperfusion-induced interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels in vivo.	Pentoxifylline	13-27	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	103-145
29115594-6	2018	Furthermore, pentoxifylline significantly inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase mRNA and protein expression in cerebral IRI mice.	Pentoxifylline	13-27	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Mus musculus	52-104
29115594-7	2018	Treatment with pentoxifylline also significantly suppressed the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) protein in cerebral IRI mice.	Pentoxifylline	15-29	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	100-103
29115594-8	2018	These results indicate that the protective effects of pentoxifylline on cerebral IRI may occur via the p38 MAPK signaling pathway.	Pentoxifylline	54-68	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	103-106
28969553-7	2018	RESULTS: We observed a statistically significant occurrence of apoptosis, DNA fragmentation and active Caspase-3 in lymphocytes from CLL patients compared to healthy volunteers after 48 hours of Pentoxifylline treatment.	Pentoxifylline	195-209	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	103-112
30205379-10	2018	Moreover, the PTX group showed a statistically significantly greater reduction in the serum levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10, and 8-OHdG along with a statistically significant increase in the levels of BDNF and serotonin in comparison with the control group after the treatment.	Pentoxifylline	14-17	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	113-117
30205379-10	2018	Moreover, the PTX group showed a statistically significantly greater reduction in the serum levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10, and 8-OHdG along with a statistically significant increase in the levels of BDNF and serotonin in comparison with the control group after the treatment.	Pentoxifylline	14-17	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	119-124
30205379-10	2018	Moreover, the PTX group showed a statistically significantly greater reduction in the serum levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-10, and 8-OHdG along with a statistically significant increase in the levels of BDNF and serotonin in comparison with the control group after the treatment.	Pentoxifylline	14-17	brain derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	202-206
29233145-8	2017	Our study raises caution over the use of anti-IL-6 antibody or pentoxifylline to reduce IL-6 for patient treatment.	Pentoxifylline	63-77	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	88-92
29236798-3	2017	RESULTS: The application of IPC and PTX showed a significantly lower immunohistochemistry reaction for active caspase-3 (P&lt;0.05) compared to IR+SS.	Pentoxifylline	36-39	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	110-119
28940685-6	2017	Overall, our data demonstrated that increased efficacy of GEM by PTX was associated with improved drug delivery to tumor tissue, which may be attributed to decreased expression of CTGF and subsequent reduction in the stromal collagen matrix in the pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tumor.	Pentoxifylline	65-68	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	180-184
28940685-5	2017	Instead, collagen I content in tumor stroma was significantly reduced, as was the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin of cancer-associated fibroblasts and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) by PTX pretreatment.	Pentoxifylline	201-204	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	159-190
28940685-5	2017	Instead, collagen I content in tumor stroma was significantly reduced, as was the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin of cancer-associated fibroblasts and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) by PTX pretreatment.	Pentoxifylline	201-204	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	192-196
29236798-4	2017	The number of cells immunoreactive to BCL-2 was higher in the IR-PTX group (P&gt;0.05).	Pentoxifylline	65-68	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	38-43
29236798-5	2017	The NOS-2 expression (qRTPCR) in the IR-PTX group (P&lt;0.05) was higher than the values for the IPC+IR-SS and IPC-IR-PTX groups.	Pentoxifylline	40-43	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	4-9
29236798-5	2017	The NOS-2 expression (qRTPCR) in the IR-PTX group (P&lt;0.05) was higher than the values for the IPC+IR-SS and IPC-IR-PTX groups.	Pentoxifylline	118-121	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	4-9
29236798-6	2017	The NOS-3 expression was significantly upper in the IPC-IR-PTX group than in the CG (P&lt;0.05), the IR-SS (P&lt;0.05) and the IR-PTX (P&lt;0.05) groups.	Pentoxifylline	59-62	nitric oxide synthase 3	Rattus norvegicus	4-9
29236798-6	2017	The NOS-3 expression was significantly upper in the IPC-IR-PTX group than in the CG (P&lt;0.05), the IR-SS (P&lt;0.05) and the IR-PTX (P&lt;0.05) groups.	Pentoxifylline	130-133	nitric oxide synthase 3	Rattus norvegicus	4-9
29236798-7	2017	CONCLUSIONS: The BCL-2 and active caspase-3 showed beneficial effects on PTX and IPC.	Pentoxifylline	73-76	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	17-22
29236798-7	2017	CONCLUSIONS: The BCL-2 and active caspase-3 showed beneficial effects on PTX and IPC.	Pentoxifylline	73-76	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	34-43
29236798-8	2017	The expression of NOS-2 and NOS-3 in the IPC and IPC-PTX groups showed no synergistic effect.	Pentoxifylline	53-56	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	18-23
29236798-8	2017	The expression of NOS-2 and NOS-3 in the IPC and IPC-PTX groups showed no synergistic effect.	Pentoxifylline	53-56	nitric oxide synthase 3	Rattus norvegicus	28-33
28709621-7	2017	Colchicine (2mug/mouse) or pentoxifylline (400mug/mouse) treated mice displayed improvement in BD symptoms with fewer CD206 positive cells.	Pentoxifylline	27-41	mannose receptor, C type 1	Mus musculus	118-123
29145246-2	2017	Pentoxifylline, a xanthine derivative with anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha properties, is prescribed for intermittent claudication and other disorders.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	48-75
28955060-7	2017	Vital signs, haematologic tables, peripheral blood smear left shift ratio, and blood-gas parameters did not differ significantly between the groups (p&gt;0.05), but the C-reactive protein (mg/dl) values significantly decreased after pentoxifylline treatment (p&lt;0.05).	Pentoxifylline	233-247	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	169-187
28937035-14	2017	PX or GDX increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2.	Pentoxifylline	0-2	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
28937035-14	2017	PX or GDX increased the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2.	Pentoxifylline	0-2	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	37-42
28513852-3	2017	Because pentoxifylline inhibits platelet and neutrophil activation and reduces TNF-alpha, this study was performed to assess the potential benefit of pentoxifylline in the reduction of myocardial injury following acute MI.	Pentoxifylline	8-22	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	79-88
28955060-12	2017	CONCLUSIONS: Pentoxifylline treatment for nosocomial sepsis decreased C-reactive protein levels and heart rate more than pentaglobin therapy.	Pentoxifylline	13-27	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	70-88
28962697-8	2017	RESULTS: PTX preferentially inhibited placental expression and production of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-alpha (25461 vs. 1908 pg/ml, p &lt; 0.001), IL-1beta (2921 vs. 1067 pg/ml, p &lt; 0.001) and IFN-gamma (2190 vs 427 pg/ml, p &lt; 0.001) with relative preservation of anti-inflammatory mediators.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	126-135
28962697-8	2017	RESULTS: PTX preferentially inhibited placental expression and production of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-alpha (25461 vs. 1908 pg/ml, p &lt; 0.001), IL-1beta (2921 vs. 1067 pg/ml, p &lt; 0.001) and IFN-gamma (2190 vs 427 pg/ml, p &lt; 0.001) with relative preservation of anti-inflammatory mediators.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	174-182
28962697-8	2017	RESULTS: PTX preferentially inhibited placental expression and production of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-alpha (25461 vs. 1908 pg/ml, p &lt; 0.001), IL-1beta (2921 vs. 1067 pg/ml, p &lt; 0.001) and IFN-gamma (2190 vs 427 pg/ml, p &lt; 0.001) with relative preservation of anti-inflammatory mediators.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	223-232
28551553-4	2017	AIM: To assess the protective effect of pentoxifylline for 30days against pro-inflammatory cytokines as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) and mediators of extrinsic apoptotic pathway involving TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and its ligand TNF-alpha and Fas receptor and its ligand (FasL) in experimental autoimmune hepatitis (EAH) model.	Pentoxifylline	40-54	tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1a	Mus musculus	229-243
28783300-5	2017	Nabumetone and pentoxifylline, two widely used pharmaceuticals, were thereby demonstrated to be efficiently oxidized in vitro by FMO5 to the corresponding acetate esters with high selectivity.	Pentoxifylline	15-29	flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 5	Homo sapiens	129-133
29556575-11	2018	There was a statistically significant correlation between concurrent proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy and discontinuation of pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	128-142	ATPase H+/K+ transporting non-gastric alpha2 subunit	Homo sapiens	69-80
28877735-14	2017	Importantly, pentoxifylline inhibited the TNF-induced increase in astrocyte susceptibility to T. cruzi invasion.	Pentoxifylline	13-27	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	42-45
28583366-0	2017	Pentoxifylline induces apoptosis of HepG2 cells by reducing reactive oxygen species production and activating the MAPK signaling.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	114-118
28583366-7	2017	Treatment with PTX reduced levels of ROS and Bcl-XL expression, but increased caspase 3 and caspase 9 expression and JNK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in HepG2 cells.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	BCL2 like 1	Homo sapiens	45-51
28583366-7	2017	Treatment with PTX reduced levels of ROS and Bcl-XL expression, but increased caspase 3 and caspase 9 expression and JNK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in HepG2 cells.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	78-87
28583366-7	2017	Treatment with PTX reduced levels of ROS and Bcl-XL expression, but increased caspase 3 and caspase 9 expression and JNK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in HepG2 cells.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	caspase 9	Homo sapiens	92-101
28583366-7	2017	Treatment with PTX reduced levels of ROS and Bcl-XL expression, but increased caspase 3 and caspase 9 expression and JNK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in HepG2 cells.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	117-120
28583366-7	2017	Treatment with PTX reduced levels of ROS and Bcl-XL expression, but increased caspase 3 and caspase 9 expression and JNK and ERK1/2 phosphorylation in HepG2 cells.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	125-131
28583366-8	2017	Pre-treatment with n-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, enhanced PTX-mediated cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and the JNK and ERK MAPK activation, while pre-treatment with SP600125 or PD98509 attenuated PTX-mediated effects in HepG2 cells.	Pentoxifylline	72-75	X-linked Kx blood group	Homo sapiens	40-43
28583366-8	2017	Pre-treatment with n-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, enhanced PTX-mediated cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and the JNK and ERK MAPK activation, while pre-treatment with SP600125 or PD98509 attenuated PTX-mediated effects in HepG2 cells.	Pentoxifylline	72-75	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	122-125
28583366-8	2017	Pre-treatment with n-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, enhanced PTX-mediated cell cycle arrest, apoptosis and the JNK and ERK MAPK activation, while pre-treatment with SP600125 or PD98509 attenuated PTX-mediated effects in HepG2 cells.	Pentoxifylline	207-210	X-linked Kx blood group	Homo sapiens	40-43
28583366-10	2017	SIGNIFICANCE: Our data demonstrate that PTX inhibits proliferation of HepG2 cells and induces HepG2 cell apoptosis by attenuating ROS production and enhancing the MAPK activation in HepG2 cells.	Pentoxifylline	40-43	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	163-167
28551553-4	2017	AIM: To assess the protective effect of pentoxifylline for 30days against pro-inflammatory cytokines as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) and mediators of extrinsic apoptotic pathway involving TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and its ligand TNF-alpha and Fas receptor and its ligand (FasL) in experimental autoimmune hepatitis (EAH) model.	Pentoxifylline	40-54	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	104-131
28904938-0	2017	The Effects of Pentoxifylline on Serum Levels of Interleukin 10 and Interferon Gamma and Memory Function in Lipopolysaccharide-induced Inflammation in Rats.	Pentoxifylline	15-29	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	49-63
28904938-0	2017	The Effects of Pentoxifylline on Serum Levels of Interleukin 10 and Interferon Gamma and Memory Function in Lipopolysaccharide-induced Inflammation in Rats.	Pentoxifylline	15-29	interferon gamma	Rattus norvegicus	68-84
28904938-2	2017	Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of PTX on serum levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and passive avoidance learning in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in rats.	Pentoxifylline	64-67	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	87-101
28904938-2	2017	Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of PTX on serum levels of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and passive avoidance learning in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in rats.	Pentoxifylline	64-67	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	103-108
28904938-12	2017	Serum level of IFN-gamma was increased only in the LPS 0.5 mg/kg + PTX 25 mg/kg group comparing to the LPS 0.5 mg/kg group (P &lt; 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	67-70	interferon gamma	Rattus norvegicus	15-24
28551553-4	2017	AIM: To assess the protective effect of pentoxifylline for 30days against pro-inflammatory cytokines as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) and mediators of extrinsic apoptotic pathway involving TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and its ligand TNF-alpha and Fas receptor and its ligand (FasL) in experimental autoimmune hepatitis (EAH) model.	Pentoxifylline	40-54	tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1a	Mus musculus	245-250
28551553-4	2017	AIM: To assess the protective effect of pentoxifylline for 30days against pro-inflammatory cytokines as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) and mediators of extrinsic apoptotic pathway involving TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and its ligand TNF-alpha and Fas receptor and its ligand (FasL) in experimental autoimmune hepatitis (EAH) model.	Pentoxifylline	40-54	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	267-276
28551553-4	2017	AIM: To assess the protective effect of pentoxifylline for 30days against pro-inflammatory cytokines as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) and mediators of extrinsic apoptotic pathway involving TNF receptor 1 (TNFR1) and its ligand TNF-alpha and Fas receptor and its ligand (FasL) in experimental autoimmune hepatitis (EAH) model.	Pentoxifylline	40-54	Fas ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6)	Mus musculus	310-314
28551553-11	2017	Upregulated serum TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, hepatic caspase-8 and 3 activities and TNFR1, Fas and FasL mRNA expression in liver tissues in EAH group were significantly downregulated by pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	181-195	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	18-27
28551553-11	2017	Upregulated serum TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, hepatic caspase-8 and 3 activities and TNFR1, Fas and FasL mRNA expression in liver tissues in EAH group were significantly downregulated by pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	181-195	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	29-38
28551553-11	2017	Upregulated serum TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, hepatic caspase-8 and 3 activities and TNFR1, Fas and FasL mRNA expression in liver tissues in EAH group were significantly downregulated by pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	181-195	caspase 8	Mus musculus	48-63
28551553-11	2017	Upregulated serum TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, hepatic caspase-8 and 3 activities and TNFR1, Fas and FasL mRNA expression in liver tissues in EAH group were significantly downregulated by pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	181-195	tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1a	Mus musculus	79-84
28551553-11	2017	Upregulated serum TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, hepatic caspase-8 and 3 activities and TNFR1, Fas and FasL mRNA expression in liver tissues in EAH group were significantly downregulated by pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	181-195	Fas ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6)	Mus musculus	94-98
28288151-4	2017	Changes of TLR4-messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were confirmed by reverse-transcriptase PCR.ResultsThe expression of CD14, CD11b, CD64, CD71, and CD80 was downregulated by PTX in a dose-dependent manner; the greatest effect was observed on CD14 and CD11b in preterm infants.	Pentoxifylline	168-171	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	11-15
28288151-4	2017	Changes of TLR4-messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were confirmed by reverse-transcriptase PCR.ResultsThe expression of CD14, CD11b, CD64, CD71, and CD80 was downregulated by PTX in a dose-dependent manner; the greatest effect was observed on CD14 and CD11b in preterm infants.	Pentoxifylline	168-171	CD14 molecule	Homo sapiens	113-117
28288151-4	2017	Changes of TLR4-messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were confirmed by reverse-transcriptase PCR.ResultsThe expression of CD14, CD11b, CD64, CD71, and CD80 was downregulated by PTX in a dose-dependent manner; the greatest effect was observed on CD14 and CD11b in preterm infants.	Pentoxifylline	168-171	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	119-124
28288151-4	2017	Changes of TLR4-messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were confirmed by reverse-transcriptase PCR.ResultsThe expression of CD14, CD11b, CD64, CD71, and CD80 was downregulated by PTX in a dose-dependent manner; the greatest effect was observed on CD14 and CD11b in preterm infants.	Pentoxifylline	168-171	Fc gamma receptor Ia	Homo sapiens	126-130
28288151-4	2017	Changes of TLR4-messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were confirmed by reverse-transcriptase PCR.ResultsThe expression of CD14, CD11b, CD64, CD71, and CD80 was downregulated by PTX in a dose-dependent manner; the greatest effect was observed on CD14 and CD11b in preterm infants.	Pentoxifylline	168-171	transferrin receptor	Homo sapiens	132-136
28288151-4	2017	Changes of TLR4-messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were confirmed by reverse-transcriptase PCR.ResultsThe expression of CD14, CD11b, CD64, CD71, and CD80 was downregulated by PTX in a dose-dependent manner; the greatest effect was observed on CD14 and CD11b in preterm infants.	Pentoxifylline	168-171	CD80 molecule	Homo sapiens	142-146
28288151-4	2017	Changes of TLR4-messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were confirmed by reverse-transcriptase PCR.ResultsThe expression of CD14, CD11b, CD64, CD71, and CD80 was downregulated by PTX in a dose-dependent manner; the greatest effect was observed on CD14 and CD11b in preterm infants.	Pentoxifylline	168-171	CD14 molecule	Homo sapiens	236-240
28288151-4	2017	Changes of TLR4-messenger RNA (mRNA) levels were confirmed by reverse-transcriptase PCR.ResultsThe expression of CD14, CD11b, CD64, CD71, and CD80 was downregulated by PTX in a dose-dependent manner; the greatest effect was observed on CD14 and CD11b in preterm infants.	Pentoxifylline	168-171	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	245-250
28288151-5	2017	PTX markedly downregulated LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, and IL-6 levels in all age groups.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	68-90
28288151-5	2017	PTX markedly downregulated LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, and IL-6 levels in all age groups.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	96-100
28288151-6	2017	Early IL-10 production was significantly downregulated by PTX in term and preterm neonates, while remaining unchanged in adults.	Pentoxifylline	58-61	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	6-11
28288151-7	2017	Moreover, PTX downregulated TLR4 expression of monocytes on cellular and mRNA level, decreased signaling, and suppressed phagocytosis.ConclusionPTX downregulated TLR4 expression and signaling, thereby leading to strong anti-inflammatory properties in monocytes.	Pentoxifylline	10-13	toll like receptor 4	Homo sapiens	28-32
28258409-10	2017	Pentoxifylline significantly reduced the expression of TNFalpha and IL-1beta, but not NF-kappaB.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	55-63
28196391-4	2017	Results Following pentoxifylline therapy, the immature-to-total neutrophil ratio and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly decreased, while the blood pH and base excess were significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	18-32	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	85-103
28196391-4	2017	Results Following pentoxifylline therapy, the immature-to-total neutrophil ratio and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were significantly decreased, while the blood pH and base excess were significantly increased (p &lt; 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	18-32	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	105-108
28196391-8	2017	Conclusion The CRP levels and heart rate both decreased, while the pH and base excess parameters of the blood gas analysis changed positively after pentoxifylline treatment in VLBW preterm neonates with nosocomial sepsis.	Pentoxifylline	148-162	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	15-18
28365224-3	2017	Doxorubicin (DOX) was selected as a test drug, and the phosphatidyl-doxorubicin (PX) was synthesized by bacterial PLD.	Pentoxifylline	81-83	glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1	Homo sapiens	114-117
28629145-1	2017	The aim of this research was to prove the speculation that phenylxanthine (PX) derivatives possess adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR)-blocking properties and to screening and evaluate these PX derivatives as dual A2AR antagonists/MAO-B inhibitors for Parkinson"s disease.	Pentoxifylline	75-77	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	99-121
28629145-1	2017	The aim of this research was to prove the speculation that phenylxanthine (PX) derivatives possess adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR)-blocking properties and to screening and evaluate these PX derivatives as dual A2AR antagonists/MAO-B inhibitors for Parkinson"s disease.	Pentoxifylline	75-77	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	123-127
28629145-1	2017	The aim of this research was to prove the speculation that phenylxanthine (PX) derivatives possess adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR)-blocking properties and to screening and evaluate these PX derivatives as dual A2AR antagonists/MAO-B inhibitors for Parkinson"s disease.	Pentoxifylline	75-77	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	208-212
28629145-1	2017	The aim of this research was to prove the speculation that phenylxanthine (PX) derivatives possess adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR)-blocking properties and to screening and evaluate these PX derivatives as dual A2AR antagonists/MAO-B inhibitors for Parkinson"s disease.	Pentoxifylline	75-77	monoamine oxidase B	Homo sapiens	225-230
28579606-9	2017	Hepatotoxicity after INH Px was significantly lower in the patients who received INH Px at an aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level that was less than 50 U/L than in those who received INH Px at an AST level that was more than 50 U/L (P=0.046, 0.002).	Pentoxifylline	25-27	solute carrier family 17 member 5	Homo sapiens	94-120
28579606-9	2017	Hepatotoxicity after INH Px was significantly lower in the patients who received INH Px at an aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level that was less than 50 U/L than in those who received INH Px at an AST level that was more than 50 U/L (P=0.046, 0.002).	Pentoxifylline	25-27	solute carrier family 17 member 5	Homo sapiens	122-125
27171136-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Pentoxifylline has been shown to increase haemoglobin levels in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and erythropoietin-stimulating agent (ESA)-hyporesponsive anaemia in the Handling Erythropoietin Resistance with Oxpentifylline multicentre double-blind, randomized controlled trial.	Pentoxifylline	12-26	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	123-137
27171136-1	2017	BACKGROUND: Pentoxifylline has been shown to increase haemoglobin levels in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and erythropoietin-stimulating agent (ESA)-hyporesponsive anaemia in the Handling Erythropoietin Resistance with Oxpentifylline multicentre double-blind, randomized controlled trial.	Pentoxifylline	12-26	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	201-215
27171136-2	2017	The present sub-study evaluated the effects of pentoxifylline on the iron-regulatory hormone hepcidin in patients with ESA-hyporesponsive CKD.	Pentoxifylline	47-61	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	93-101
27171136-7	2017	In paired analysis, serum hepcidin-25 levels were significantly decreased at 4 months compared with baseline in the pentoxifylline group (-5.47 +- 2.27 nmol/l, P &lt; 0.05) but not in the placebo group (2.82 +- 4.29 nmol/l, P = 0.24).	Pentoxifylline	116-130	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	26-34
27171136-9	2017	CONCLUSION: The reduction of circulating hepcidin-25 due to pentoxifylline did not reach statistical significance; however, the magnitude of the difference suggests that pentoxifylline may be a clinically and biologically meaningful modulator of hepcidin-25 in dialysis of patients with ESA-hyporesponsive anaemia.	Pentoxifylline	60-74	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	41-49
27171136-9	2017	CONCLUSION: The reduction of circulating hepcidin-25 due to pentoxifylline did not reach statistical significance; however, the magnitude of the difference suggests that pentoxifylline may be a clinically and biologically meaningful modulator of hepcidin-25 in dialysis of patients with ESA-hyporesponsive anaemia.	Pentoxifylline	170-184	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	41-49
27171136-9	2017	CONCLUSION: The reduction of circulating hepcidin-25 due to pentoxifylline did not reach statistical significance; however, the magnitude of the difference suggests that pentoxifylline may be a clinically and biologically meaningful modulator of hepcidin-25 in dialysis of patients with ESA-hyporesponsive anaemia.	Pentoxifylline	170-184	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	246-254
28280964-8	2017	In treatment groups, significant reduction in PI, serum levels of PSA, TNF-alpha, MDA and creatinine was observed especially in rats treated with dose of 50 mg/kg of PTX.	Pentoxifylline	166-169	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	71-80
28258409-10	2017	Pentoxifylline significantly reduced the expression of TNFalpha and IL-1beta, but not NF-kappaB.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	68-76
27993716-9	2017	Moreover, PX induced sinusoidal vasodilation (upregulation of cystathionase, dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH)1, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), GTP-cyclohydrolase1) and reduced intrahepatic vasoconstriction (downregulation of endothelin-1, p-Moesin).	Pentoxifylline	10-12	dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-107
28500815-4	2017	Pentoxifylline, a TNF inhibitor, has been successfully used in association with Sbv in mucosal and cutaneous leishmaniasis.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	18-21
28072760-2	2017	We characterized the anti-inflammatory effects of PTX toward TLR-mediated production of inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-1beta) and proresolution (IL-6 and IL-10) cytokines in human newborn and adult blood.	Pentoxifylline	50-53	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	102-123
28072760-2	2017	We characterized the anti-inflammatory effects of PTX toward TLR-mediated production of inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-1beta) and proresolution (IL-6 and IL-10) cytokines in human newborn and adult blood.	Pentoxifylline	50-53	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	125-128
28072760-2	2017	We characterized the anti-inflammatory effects of PTX toward TLR-mediated production of inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin (IL)-1beta) and proresolution (IL-6 and IL-10) cytokines in human newborn and adult blood.	Pentoxifylline	50-53	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	134-156
28072760-5	2017	RESULTS: Whether added 2 h pre-, simultaneously to, or 2 h post-TLR stimulation, PTX inhibited TLR-mediated cytokine production in a concentration-dependent manner, with greater efficacy and potency in newborn blood, decreasing intracellular TNF and IL-1beta with relative preservation of IL-10 and IL-6.	Pentoxifylline	81-84	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	242-245
28072760-5	2017	RESULTS: Whether added 2 h pre-, simultaneously to, or 2 h post-TLR stimulation, PTX inhibited TLR-mediated cytokine production in a concentration-dependent manner, with greater efficacy and potency in newborn blood, decreasing intracellular TNF and IL-1beta with relative preservation of IL-10 and IL-6.	Pentoxifylline	81-84	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	250-258
28072760-5	2017	RESULTS: Whether added 2 h pre-, simultaneously to, or 2 h post-TLR stimulation, PTX inhibited TLR-mediated cytokine production in a concentration-dependent manner, with greater efficacy and potency in newborn blood, decreasing intracellular TNF and IL-1beta with relative preservation of IL-10 and IL-6.	Pentoxifylline	81-84	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	289-294
28072760-5	2017	RESULTS: Whether added 2 h pre-, simultaneously to, or 2 h post-TLR stimulation, PTX inhibited TLR-mediated cytokine production in a concentration-dependent manner, with greater efficacy and potency in newborn blood, decreasing intracellular TNF and IL-1beta with relative preservation of IL-10 and IL-6.	Pentoxifylline	81-84	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	299-303
28072760-6	2017	PTX decreased TLR-mediated TNF mRNA while increasing IL-10 mRNA.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	27-30
28072760-6	2017	PTX decreased TLR-mediated TNF mRNA while increasing IL-10 mRNA.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	53-58
27993716-9	2017	Moreover, PX induced sinusoidal vasodilation (upregulation of cystathionase, dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH)1, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), GTP-cyclohydrolase1) and reduced intrahepatic vasoconstriction (downregulation of endothelin-1, p-Moesin).	Pentoxifylline	10-12	GTP cyclohydrolase 1	Rattus norvegicus	151-170
27993716-9	2017	Moreover, PX induced sinusoidal vasodilation (upregulation of cystathionase, dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH)1, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), GTP-cyclohydrolase1) and reduced intrahepatic vasoconstriction (downregulation of endothelin-1, p-Moesin).	Pentoxifylline	10-12	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	233-245
27993716-9	2017	Moreover, PX induced sinusoidal vasodilation (upregulation of cystathionase, dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH)1, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), GTP-cyclohydrolase1) and reduced intrahepatic vasoconstriction (downregulation of endothelin-1, p-Moesin).	Pentoxifylline	10-12	moesin	Rattus norvegicus	249-255
28337441-10	2017	Western analysis also revealed increased levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor- (PAI-) 1 and fibronectin (FN) and PTX treatment reduced expression of PAI-1 and FN by restoring protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation but not TGF-beta/Smad in both irradiated lung tissues and epithelial cells.	Pentoxifylline	118-121	serpin family E member 1	Rattus norvegicus	154-159
27933551-0	2017	Pentoxifylline Alleviates Early Brain Injury After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in Rats: Possibly via Inhibiting TLR 4/NF-kappaB Signaling Pathway.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	toll-like receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	121-126
27933551-9	2017	Treatment with PTX (60 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the protein expressions of TLR4, NF-kappaB, MyD88 and the downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta).	Pentoxifylline	15-18	toll-like receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	81-85
27717685-7	2017	Activation of KCs by lipopolysaccharide and G5 decreased the inducibility of CYP2B1/2, which was restored by depleting the KCs with gadolinium-chloride and pentoxyphylline, suggesting a role of macrophages in the hindrance of CYP2B1/2 induction by G5 and lipopolysaccharide.	Pentoxifylline	156-171	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	77-83
27933551-9	2017	Treatment with PTX (60 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the protein expressions of TLR4, NF-kappaB, MyD88 and the downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta).	Pentoxifylline	15-18	MYD88, innate immune signal transduction adaptor	Rattus norvegicus	98-103
27933551-9	2017	Treatment with PTX (60 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the protein expressions of TLR4, NF-kappaB, MyD88 and the downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta).	Pentoxifylline	15-18	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	163-190
27933551-9	2017	Treatment with PTX (60 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the protein expressions of TLR4, NF-kappaB, MyD88 and the downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta).	Pentoxifylline	15-18	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	192-201
27933551-9	2017	Treatment with PTX (60 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the protein expressions of TLR4, NF-kappaB, MyD88 and the downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta).	Pentoxifylline	15-18	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	207-224
27933551-9	2017	Treatment with PTX (60 mg/kg) significantly inhibited the protein expressions of TLR4, NF-kappaB, MyD88 and the downstream pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta).	Pentoxifylline	15-18	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	226-234
27933551-11	2017	Our observations may be the first time that PTX has been shown to play a neuroprotective role in EBI after SAH, potentially by suppressing the TLR4/NF-kappaB inflammation-related pathway in the rat brain.	Pentoxifylline	44-47	toll-like receptor 4	Rattus norvegicus	143-147
28263514-6	2017	Pentoxifylline attenuated the accumulation of malonyldialdehyde and transforming growth factor beta1 and the activities of myeloperoxidase, matrix metalloproteinase-3, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, and it also restored superoxide dismutase activity.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	123-138
28263514-6	2017	Pentoxifylline attenuated the accumulation of malonyldialdehyde and transforming growth factor beta1 and the activities of myeloperoxidase, matrix metalloproteinase-3, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1, and it also restored superoxide dismutase activity.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Rattus norvegicus	140-212
28212276-2	2017	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivative, has been reported to suppress the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and possess anti-inflammatory properties.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	99-132
28212276-2	2017	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivative, has been reported to suppress the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and possess anti-inflammatory properties.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	99-132
28212276-7	2017	In PTX-administered mice, the mRNA expression levels of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, interleukin (IL)-6, and TNF-alpha, and the number of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positive cells in the colonic mucosa, were significantly reduced.	Pentoxifylline	3-6	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Mus musculus	56-78
27900598-11	2017	Furthermore, extensive oxidative stress induced by CS2 was also revealed by the measurement of ROS, RNS, MDA, GSH&amp;GSSG and antioxidant enzymes (CAT, T-SOD, and GSH-Px).	Pentoxifylline	168-170	calsyntenin 2	Rattus norvegicus	51-54
28337441-10	2017	Western analysis also revealed increased levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor- (PAI-) 1 and fibronectin (FN) and PTX treatment reduced expression of PAI-1 and FN by restoring protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation but not TGF-beta/Smad in both irradiated lung tissues and epithelial cells.	Pentoxifylline	118-121	fibronectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	164-166
28337441-10	2017	Western analysis also revealed increased levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor- (PAI-) 1 and fibronectin (FN) and PTX treatment reduced expression of PAI-1 and FN by restoring protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation but not TGF-beta/Smad in both irradiated lung tissues and epithelial cells.	Pentoxifylline	118-121	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	180-196
28337441-10	2017	Western analysis also revealed increased levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor- (PAI-) 1 and fibronectin (FN) and PTX treatment reduced expression of PAI-1 and FN by restoring protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylation but not TGF-beta/Smad in both irradiated lung tissues and epithelial cells.	Pentoxifylline	118-121	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	198-201
28337441-12	2017	Our results demonstrate the antifibrotic effect of PTX on radiation-induced lung fibrosis and its effect on modulation of PKA and PAI-1 expression as possible antifibrotic mechanisms.	Pentoxifylline	51-54	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	122-125
28337441-12	2017	Our results demonstrate the antifibrotic effect of PTX on radiation-induced lung fibrosis and its effect on modulation of PKA and PAI-1 expression as possible antifibrotic mechanisms.	Pentoxifylline	51-54	serpin family E member 1	Rattus norvegicus	130-135
28860931-0	2017	The effect of pentoxifylline on L-1 sarcoma tumor growth and angiogenesis in Balb/c mice.	Pentoxifylline	14-28	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	32-35
28860931-7	2017	The aim of our research was to evaluate the effect of pentoxifylline (individually and in combination with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug sulindac), on L-1 sarcoma angiogenic activity and tumor formation in syngeneic Balb/c mice.	Pentoxifylline	54-68	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	158-161
28860931-10	2017	Synergistic inhibitory effect of PTX and sulindac, expressed as % of tumors sixth and thirteen day after subcutaneous grafting of L-1 sarcoma into syngeneic Balb/c mice, was observed.	Pentoxifylline	33-36	L1 cell adhesion molecule	Mus musculus	130-133
27512972-2	2016	AIM: To evaluate the impact of pentoxifylline on blood pressure (BP) and plasma TNF-alpha, C-reactive protein (CRP) and IL-6 through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.	Pentoxifylline	31-45	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	80-89
28386312-0	2017	Alleviation of Oxidative Damage and Involvement of Nrf2-ARE Pathway in Mesodopaminergic System and Hippocampus of Status Epilepticus Rats Pretreated by Intranasal Pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	163-177	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	51-55
28386312-1	2017	The current studies were aimed at evaluating the efficacy of intranasal pentoxifylline (Ptx) pretreatment in protecting mesodopaminergic system and hippocampus from oxidative damage of lithium-pilocarpine induced status epilepticus (SE) and the involvement of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2- (Nrf2-) antioxidant response elements pathway.	Pentoxifylline	72-86	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	260-303
28386312-1	2017	The current studies were aimed at evaluating the efficacy of intranasal pentoxifylline (Ptx) pretreatment in protecting mesodopaminergic system and hippocampus from oxidative damage of lithium-pilocarpine induced status epilepticus (SE) and the involvement of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2- (Nrf2-) antioxidant response elements pathway.	Pentoxifylline	72-86	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	306-310
28386312-1	2017	The current studies were aimed at evaluating the efficacy of intranasal pentoxifylline (Ptx) pretreatment in protecting mesodopaminergic system and hippocampus from oxidative damage of lithium-pilocarpine induced status epilepticus (SE) and the involvement of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2- (Nrf2-) antioxidant response elements pathway.	Pentoxifylline	88-91	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	260-303
28386312-1	2017	The current studies were aimed at evaluating the efficacy of intranasal pentoxifylline (Ptx) pretreatment in protecting mesodopaminergic system and hippocampus from oxidative damage of lithium-pilocarpine induced status epilepticus (SE) and the involvement of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2- (Nrf2-) antioxidant response elements pathway.	Pentoxifylline	88-91	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	306-310
28386312-4	2017	The transient activation of Nrf2 in SE rats was enhanced by Ptx pretreatment, which was followed by the upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1.	Pentoxifylline	60-63	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	28-32
28386312-4	2017	The transient activation of Nrf2 in SE rats was enhanced by Ptx pretreatment, which was followed by the upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 and NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1.	Pentoxifylline	60-63	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	120-173
27802896-6	2016	Upregulation of adenosine receptors, hif-1alpha and vegfaa by NECA could possibly mimic hypoxic condition, but PTX downregulated vegfaa and other growth factors at 1mM concentration.	Pentoxifylline	111-114	vascular endothelial growth factor Aa	Danio rerio	129-135
27802896-7	2016	Vegfa protein expression was also downregulated by PTX in the retina and the compound did not damage the retinal cells.	Pentoxifylline	51-54	vascular endothelial growth factor Aa	Danio rerio	0-5
27512972-8	2016	Pentoxifylline treatment was associated with a significant reduction in plasma concentrations of TNF-alpha (WDF: -1.03 pg/ml, 95% CI: -1.54, -0.51; P &lt; 0.001, 11 treatment arms) and CRP (WDF: -1.39 mg/l, 95% CI: -2.68, -0.10; P = 0.034, five treatment arms).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	97-106
27512972-8	2016	Pentoxifylline treatment was associated with a significant reduction in plasma concentrations of TNF-alpha (WDF: -1.03 pg/ml, 95% CI: -1.54, -0.51; P &lt; 0.001, 11 treatment arms) and CRP (WDF: -1.39 mg/l, 95% CI: -2.68, -0.10; P = 0.034, five treatment arms).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	185-188
27512972-10	2016	The impact of pentoxifylline on plasma TNF-alpha levels was found to be positively associated with treatment duration (slope: 0.031; 95% CI: 0.004, 0.057; P = 0.023) but independent of pentoxifylline dose (slope: -0.0003; 95% CI: -0.002, 0.001; P = 0.687).	Pentoxifylline	14-28	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	39-48
27512972-11	2016	CONCLUSION: Pentoxifylline did not alter BP or plasma IL-6 concentration, but significantly reduced circulating TNF-alpha and CRP concentrations.	Pentoxifylline	12-26	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	112-121
27512972-11	2016	CONCLUSION: Pentoxifylline did not alter BP or plasma IL-6 concentration, but significantly reduced circulating TNF-alpha and CRP concentrations.	Pentoxifylline	12-26	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	126-129
27311763-12	2016	Brain water content, BBB permeability, TNF-alpha, nitrite-nitrate levels and apoptotic neuronal death were significantly increased 24 h after SAH and were significantly alleviated by PTX treatment.	Pentoxifylline	183-186	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	39-48
28487874-9	2017	Conclusion: Pentoxifylline is effective in improvement of erythropoietin-resistant anemia in ESRD patients.	Pentoxifylline	12-26	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	58-72
26589540-2	2016	Pentoxifylline is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor with an anti-TNF effect and has been reported to reduce mortality and the incidence of hepatorenal syndrome in severe AH.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	61-64
27311763-14	2016	CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that PTX reduces brain edema, BBB permeability, TNF-alpha expression, reactive nitrogen metobolites and apopotosis in experimental SAH.	Pentoxifylline	35-38	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	78-87
27351373-6	2016	Moreover, treatment of beta-cateninhigh melanoma cell populations with pentoxifylline induces downregulation of genes that are targets of the WNT/beta-catenin pathway including connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF-M), a melanocyte- and melanoma cell-specific regulator.	Pentoxifylline	71-85	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	23-35
27268078-2	2016	Phoenixin-20 amide (PNX) is a recently described peptide found to increase GnRH-stimulated LH secretion in the pituitary.	Pentoxifylline	20-23	gonadotropin releasing hormone 1	Homo sapiens	75-79
27351373-6	2016	Moreover, treatment of beta-cateninhigh melanoma cell populations with pentoxifylline induces downregulation of genes that are targets of the WNT/beta-catenin pathway including connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF-M), a melanocyte- and melanoma cell-specific regulator.	Pentoxifylline	71-85	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	177-208
27351373-6	2016	Moreover, treatment of beta-cateninhigh melanoma cell populations with pentoxifylline induces downregulation of genes that are targets of the WNT/beta-catenin pathway including connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF-M), a melanocyte- and melanoma cell-specific regulator.	Pentoxifylline	71-85	cellular communication network factor 2	Homo sapiens	210-214
27721228-0	2016	A Randomized Clinical Trial of the Effect of Pentoxifylline on C-Reactive Protein Level and Dialysis Adequacy in End-stage Renal Disease Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis.	Pentoxifylline	45-59	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	63-81
27721228-3	2016	This study evaluated the effect of pentoxifylline on serum CRP level and KT/V in end-stage renal disease patients on maintenance hemodialysis.	Pentoxifylline	35-49	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	59-62
27721228-4	2016	MATERIAL AND METHODS: This 1-month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial involving 73 patients with end-stage renal disease on maintenance hemodialysis assessed the effectiveness of 400 mg/d of pentoxifylline on serum CRP level decrease and improvement of dialysis adequacy.	Pentoxifylline	216-230	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	240-243
27721228-5	2016	RESULTS: The difference in mean serum CRP levels of the pentoxifylline and placebo groups was not significant before study.	Pentoxifylline	56-70	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	38-41
27721228-8	2016	CONCLUSIONS: Among patients on maintenance hemodialysis, a 1-month trial of pentoxifylline was associated with a substantial improvement of adequacy of dialysis and a significant prevention from serum CRP level increase, but not a significant reduction in the mean serum CRP level.	Pentoxifylline	76-90	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	201-204
27721228-8	2016	CONCLUSIONS: Among patients on maintenance hemodialysis, a 1-month trial of pentoxifylline was associated with a substantial improvement of adequacy of dialysis and a significant prevention from serum CRP level increase, but not a significant reduction in the mean serum CRP level.	Pentoxifylline	76-90	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	271-274
27110744-5	2016	The inhibition of TNF-alpha (pentoxifylline) or inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS, aminoguanidine) abolished hemodynamic, HRV, and inflammatory actions of LPS.	Pentoxifylline	29-43	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	18-27
27176453-6	2016	Furthermore, CLP-induced increases in forkhead box p3 and RAR-related orphan receptor gammat (RORgammat) expression as well as signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT3) activation were attenuated by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	214-217	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	177-182
27176453-7	2016	The results indicated that PTX-induced increases in cAMP may have partly restored the Treg/Th17 balance by modulating the transcription of Foxp3 and RORgammat through the STAT3 pathway.	Pentoxifylline	27-30	forkhead box P3	Mus musculus	139-144
27176453-7	2016	The results indicated that PTX-induced increases in cAMP may have partly restored the Treg/Th17 balance by modulating the transcription of Foxp3 and RORgammat through the STAT3 pathway.	Pentoxifylline	27-30	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Mus musculus	171-176
27351373-7	2016	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that pentoxifylline, a drug approved by the FDA in the treatment of peripheral arterial disease, might be tested in a subset of melanoma patients with elevated activity of beta-catenin.	Pentoxifylline	40-54	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	207-219
27347328-0	2016	Pentoxifylline inhibits pulmonary inflammation induced by infrarenal aorticcross-clamping dependent of adenosine receptor A2A.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	adenosine A2a receptor	Rattus norvegicus	103-125
25353639-3	2016	Pentoxifyllin, an inhibitor of Tumor Necrosis Factor has fewer side effects, but its effectiveness is not clear, nor its potential benefits as an adjunctive therapy to steroids.	Pentoxifylline	0-13	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	31-52
27347328-7	2016	Administration of PTX significantly attenuated ALI induced by IAC, evidenced by reduced histological scores and wet lung contents, improved blood gas parameters, decreased cell counts and protein amounts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, and inhibition of MPO activity and ICAM-1 expression in lung tissues, and lower plasma levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta and soluble ICAM-1.	Pentoxifylline	18-21	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	256-259
27161638-7	2016	Bz-plus-PTX-treated mice presented complementary effects of Bz and PTX, which reduced TNF expression (37%) in heart tissue and restored normal TNF receptor 1 expression on CD8(+) T cells, respectively.	Pentoxifylline	8-11	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	86-89
27161638-7	2016	Bz-plus-PTX-treated mice presented complementary effects of Bz and PTX, which reduced TNF expression (37%) in heart tissue and restored normal TNF receptor 1 expression on CD8(+) T cells, respectively.	Pentoxifylline	8-11	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	143-146
27161638-7	2016	Bz-plus-PTX-treated mice presented complementary effects of Bz and PTX, which reduced TNF expression (37%) in heart tissue and restored normal TNF receptor 1 expression on CD8(+) T cells, respectively.	Pentoxifylline	67-70	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	86-89
27161638-7	2016	Bz-plus-PTX-treated mice presented complementary effects of Bz and PTX, which reduced TNF expression (37%) in heart tissue and restored normal TNF receptor 1 expression on CD8(+) T cells, respectively.	Pentoxifylline	67-70	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	143-146
27161638-8	2016	Bz (85%) and PTX (70%) therapies reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS/NOS2) in heart tissue, but only Bz (58%) reduced NO levels in serum.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	59-90
27161638-8	2016	Bz (85%) and PTX (70%) therapies reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS/NOS2) in heart tissue, but only Bz (58%) reduced NO levels in serum.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	92-96
27161638-8	2016	Bz (85%) and PTX (70%) therapies reduced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS/NOS2) in heart tissue, but only Bz (58%) reduced NO levels in serum.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	97-101
27482346-11	2016	Expression of active caspase-3 significantly increased in MDMA group, which is significantly decreased by administration of PTX before MDMA.	Pentoxifylline	124-127	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	21-30
27347328-7	2016	Administration of PTX significantly attenuated ALI induced by IAC, evidenced by reduced histological scores and wet lung contents, improved blood gas parameters, decreased cell counts and protein amounts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, and inhibition of MPO activity and ICAM-1 expression in lung tissues, and lower plasma levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta and soluble ICAM-1.	Pentoxifylline	18-21	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	273-279
27347328-7	2016	Administration of PTX significantly attenuated ALI induced by IAC, evidenced by reduced histological scores and wet lung contents, improved blood gas parameters, decreased cell counts and protein amounts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, and inhibition of MPO activity and ICAM-1 expression in lung tissues, and lower plasma levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta and soluble ICAM-1.	Pentoxifylline	18-21	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	335-344
27347328-7	2016	Administration of PTX significantly attenuated ALI induced by IAC, evidenced by reduced histological scores and wet lung contents, improved blood gas parameters, decreased cell counts and protein amounts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, and inhibition of MPO activity and ICAM-1 expression in lung tissues, and lower plasma levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta and soluble ICAM-1.	Pentoxifylline	18-21	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	346-350
27347328-6	2016	PTX alone, or in combination with ZM-241385 (an adenosine receptor A2A antagonist) or CGS-21680 (an A2A agonist), was pre-administered to rats 1 h prior to IAC, and the severity of lung injury and inflammation were examined.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	spectrin, alpha, non-erythrocytic 1	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
27347328-7	2016	Administration of PTX significantly attenuated ALI induced by IAC, evidenced by reduced histological scores and wet lung contents, improved blood gas parameters, decreased cell counts and protein amounts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, and inhibition of MPO activity and ICAM-1 expression in lung tissues, and lower plasma levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta and soluble ICAM-1.	Pentoxifylline	18-21	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	352-360
27347328-7	2016	Administration of PTX significantly attenuated ALI induced by IAC, evidenced by reduced histological scores and wet lung contents, improved blood gas parameters, decreased cell counts and protein amounts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids, and inhibition of MPO activity and ICAM-1 expression in lung tissues, and lower plasma levels of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta and soluble ICAM-1.	Pentoxifylline	18-21	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	373-379
27347328-9	2016	In exploration of the mechanisms, we found that PTX stimulated IL-10 production through the phosphorylation of STAT3, and A2A receptor participated in this regulation.	Pentoxifylline	48-51	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	63-68
27525201-7	2016	In vitro tests showed that interleukin-2 secretion from lymphocytes co-cultured with encapsulated islets containing pentoxifylline in the inner layer of microcapsules was 63.6 % lower than the corresponding value for encapsulated islets without the anti-inflammatory drug.	Pentoxifylline	116-130	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	27-40
27347328-9	2016	In exploration of the mechanisms, we found that PTX stimulated IL-10 production through the phosphorylation of STAT3, and A2A receptor participated in this regulation.	Pentoxifylline	48-51	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	111-116
27347328-10	2016	The study indicates PTX plays a protective role in IAC-induced ALI in rats by inhibiting pulmonary inflammation through A2A signaling pathways.	Pentoxifylline	20-23	spectrin, alpha, non-erythrocytic 1	Rattus norvegicus	120-123
26793997-3	2016	Induction of autophagy is associated with the increase in Atg5 expression as knockdown of Atg5 effectively inhibited PTX mediated autophagy.	Pentoxifylline	117-120	autophagy related 5	Homo sapiens	58-62
26793997-3	2016	Induction of autophagy is associated with the increase in Atg5 expression as knockdown of Atg5 effectively inhibited PTX mediated autophagy.	Pentoxifylline	117-120	autophagy related 5	Homo sapiens	90-94
26793997-4	2016	A decrease in mTOR activation was also observed after PTX treatment.	Pentoxifylline	54-57	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	14-18
26793997-10	2016	Collectively, PTX triggers ER stress response followed by induction of autophagy via involvement of Ca(2+) CHOP Atg5 signalling cascade.	Pentoxifylline	14-17	DNA damage inducible transcript 3	Homo sapiens	107-111
26793997-10	2016	Collectively, PTX triggers ER stress response followed by induction of autophagy via involvement of Ca(2+) CHOP Atg5 signalling cascade.	Pentoxifylline	14-17	autophagy related 5	Homo sapiens	112-116
26793997-12	2016	Inhibition of autophagy by the ATG5 siRNA and pharmacological inhibitor, chloroquine also enhances PTX induced cell death.	Pentoxifylline	99-102	autophagy related 5	Homo sapiens	31-35
26709723-10	2016	While in aggressive forms of alcoholic hepatitis are recommended specific drug treatments, including glucocorticoids or pentoxifylline, for the long-term treatment of ALD, specific treatments aimed at stopping the progression of fibrosis are not yet approved, but there are some future perspective in this field, including probiotics and antibiotics, caspase inhibitors, osteopontin and endocannabinoids.	Pentoxifylline	120-134	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Homo sapiens	371-382
26850555-7	2016	PTX exerted an inhibitory effect on elastase and MPO release from neutrophils.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	49-52
26850555-8	2016	At lower concentrations of PTX, ALP release was inhibited both in cultures stimulated with PTX+fMLP and with PTX+LPS.	Pentoxifylline	27-30	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	95-99
27474406-0	2016	Pentoxifylline and its active metabolite lisofylline attenuate transforming growth factor beta1-induced asthmatic bronchial fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1	Homo sapiens	90-95
27474406-3	2016	The aim of this study was to evaluate whether theophylline (used in asthma therapy) and two other methylxanthines (pentoxifylline and its active metabolite lisofylline), may affect transforming growth factor beta1-induced fibroblast to myofibroblast transition in bronchial fibroblasts derived from asthmatic patients.	Pentoxifylline	115-129	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1	Homo sapiens	208-213
26340750-0	2016	Pentoxifylline Ameliorates Cardiac Fibrosis, Pathological Hypertrophy, and Cardiac Dysfunction in Angiotensin II-induced Hypertensive Rats.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	98-112
26340750-8	2016	The findings suggest that PTX ameliorates cardiac fibrosis, pathological hypertrophy, and cardiac dysfunction by suppressing inflammatory responses in angiotensin II-induced hypertension, and that these benefits were independent of the blood pressure lowering effect.	Pentoxifylline	26-29	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	151-165
26488377-10	2016	NOS plays a role in this damage, and pentoxifylline aided in improving nNOS and iNOS expression in this damage.	Pentoxifylline	37-51	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	71-75
26488377-10	2016	NOS plays a role in this damage, and pentoxifylline aided in improving nNOS and iNOS expression in this damage.	Pentoxifylline	37-51	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	80-84
27228525-2	2016	Pentoxifylline inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF- alpha) and interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	97-113
27228525-2	2016	Pentoxifylline inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF- alpha) and interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	119-136
27228525-2	2016	Pentoxifylline inhibits the production of inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF- alpha) and interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	138-146
27228525-12	2016	Pentoxifylline decreased the paclitaxel-induced TNF- alpha and IL-1beta levels.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	48-58
27228525-12	2016	Pentoxifylline decreased the paclitaxel-induced TNF- alpha and IL-1beta levels.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	63-71
25956613-9	2015	RESULTS: The data obtained suggests that adding pentoxifylline to fenofibrate does not provide a beneficial effect on lipid panel, but has a beneficial effect on indirect biochemical markers of hepatic fibrosis, a direct marker linked to matrix deposition (hyaluronic acid), a cytokine/growth factor linked to liver fibrosis (transforming growth factor beta 1), the inflammatory pathway, insulin resistance and liver stiffness as compared to fenofibrate alone.	Pentoxifylline	48-62	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	326-359
26905686-10	2016	PTX ameliorated eNOS, iNOS and nNOS protein levels and apoptotic cells, but did not affect mRNA levels.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	nitric oxide synthase 3	Rattus norvegicus	16-20
26905686-10	2016	PTX ameliorated eNOS, iNOS and nNOS protein levels and apoptotic cells, but did not affect mRNA levels.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	22-26
26905686-10	2016	PTX ameliorated eNOS, iNOS and nNOS protein levels and apoptotic cells, but did not affect mRNA levels.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	31-35
26429719-5	2015	Four days after initiation of pentoxifylline, he developed thrombocytopenia, and his platelets were 68 x 10(3)/muL.	Pentoxifylline	30-44	tripartite motif containing 37	Homo sapiens	111-114
26284153-3	2015	DESIGN: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial (the Handling Erythropoietin Resistance with Oxpentifylline, HERO).	Pentoxifylline	105-119	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	74-88
26300986-10	2015	In addition, significant reductions in fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and insulin resistance according to the homeostasis model assessment were observed in the pentoxifylline group compared to those in the placebo group.	Pentoxifylline	174-188	insulin	Homo sapiens	88-95
26300986-12	2015	CONCLUSIONS: Pentoxifylline therapy reduced proteinuria and improved glucose control and insulin resistance without significant change of serum TNF-alpha in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy.	Pentoxifylline	13-27	insulin	Homo sapiens	89-96
26612282-0	2015	Add-on Protective Effect of Pentoxifylline in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease Treated with Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Blockade - A Nationwide Database Analysis.	Pentoxifylline	28-42	renin	Homo sapiens	91-96
26523207-9	2015	RESULTS: Pentoxifylline treatment reduced microsteatosis and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in liver (156.3 +- 17.2 and 62.6 +- 7.6 pg/mL of TNF-alpha for non-treated and treated obese mice, respectively; P &lt; 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	9-23	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	61-94
26523207-9	2015	RESULTS: Pentoxifylline treatment reduced microsteatosis and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in liver (156.3 +- 17.2 and 62.6 +- 7.6 pg/mL of TNF-alpha for non-treated and treated obese mice, respectively; P &lt; 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	9-23	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	144-153
26209365-6	2015	Combination of MS-275 with pentoxifylline showed enhanced anti-proliferative activity in a panel of cancer cell lines (HCT 116, MCF-7, PC3 and MDA-MB-231).	Pentoxifylline	27-41	chromobox 8	Homo sapiens	135-138
25311096-2	2015	As processed spermatozoa from poor-quality ejaculate are confronted with a higher risk of experiencing stress on exposure to altered osmotic conditions or chemicals, this study was undertaken to determine the expression of stress response gene Hsp70 and chromatin integrity in spermatozoa subjected to in situ viability assays such as hypo-osmotic swelling (HOS) test, modified hypo-osmotic swelling (M-HOS) test and pentoxifylline in 25 fresh and frozen-thawed asthenozoospermic ejaculates.	Pentoxifylline	417-431	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4	Homo sapiens	244-249
25311096-4	2015	Exposure of fresh and frozen-thawed asthenozoospermic spermatozoa to M-HOS and pentoxifylline significantly increased Hsp70 expression as evidenced by increased RNA expression and immunolocalisation of Hsp70 protein in sperm head (P &lt; 0.05-0.001).	Pentoxifylline	79-93	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4	Homo sapiens	118-123
25311096-4	2015	Exposure of fresh and frozen-thawed asthenozoospermic spermatozoa to M-HOS and pentoxifylline significantly increased Hsp70 expression as evidenced by increased RNA expression and immunolocalisation of Hsp70 protein in sperm head (P &lt; 0.05-0.001).	Pentoxifylline	79-93	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4	Homo sapiens	202-207
26187709-0	2015	Lipoic acid and pentoxifylline mitigate nandrolone decanoate-induced neurobehavioral perturbations in rats via re-balance of brain neurotransmitters, up-regulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, and down-regulation of TNFR1 expression.	Pentoxifylline	16-30	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	167-171
26187709-0	2015	Lipoic acid and pentoxifylline mitigate nandrolone decanoate-induced neurobehavioral perturbations in rats via re-balance of brain neurotransmitters, up-regulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, and down-regulation of TNFR1 expression.	Pentoxifylline	16-30	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	172-176
26187709-0	2015	Lipoic acid and pentoxifylline mitigate nandrolone decanoate-induced neurobehavioral perturbations in rats via re-balance of brain neurotransmitters, up-regulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, and down-regulation of TNFR1 expression.	Pentoxifylline	16-30	TNF receptor superfamily member 1A	Rattus norvegicus	209-214
26187709-4	2015	In addition, the phosphodiesterase-IV inhibitor xanthine derivative pentoxifylline has a remarkable inhibitory effect on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha).	Pentoxifylline	68-82	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	121-148
26187709-4	2015	In addition, the phosphodiesterase-IV inhibitor xanthine derivative pentoxifylline has a remarkable inhibitory effect on tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha).	Pentoxifylline	68-82	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	150-159
26187709-13	2015	Lipoic acid and pentoxifylline combination significantly mitigated all the previously mentioned deleterious effects mainly via up-regulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, inhibition of TNF-alpha and down-regulation of TNFR1 expression.	Pentoxifylline	16-30	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	144-148
26187709-13	2015	Lipoic acid and pentoxifylline combination significantly mitigated all the previously mentioned deleterious effects mainly via up-regulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, inhibition of TNF-alpha and down-regulation of TNFR1 expression.	Pentoxifylline	16-30	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	149-153
26187709-13	2015	Lipoic acid and pentoxifylline combination significantly mitigated all the previously mentioned deleterious effects mainly via up-regulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, inhibition of TNF-alpha and down-regulation of TNFR1 expression.	Pentoxifylline	16-30	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	177-186
26187709-13	2015	Lipoic acid and pentoxifylline combination significantly mitigated all the previously mentioned deleterious effects mainly via up-regulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, inhibition of TNF-alpha and down-regulation of TNFR1 expression.	Pentoxifylline	16-30	TNF receptor superfamily member 1A	Rattus norvegicus	210-215
25956613-9	2015	RESULTS: The data obtained suggests that adding pentoxifylline to fenofibrate does not provide a beneficial effect on lipid panel, but has a beneficial effect on indirect biochemical markers of hepatic fibrosis, a direct marker linked to matrix deposition (hyaluronic acid), a cytokine/growth factor linked to liver fibrosis (transforming growth factor beta 1), the inflammatory pathway, insulin resistance and liver stiffness as compared to fenofibrate alone.	Pentoxifylline	48-62	insulin	Homo sapiens	388-395
25956613-10	2015	CONCLUSION: The combination pentoxifylline plus fenofibrate may represent a new therapeutic strategy for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease as it resulted in more beneficial effects on direct and indirect markers of liver fibrosis, liver stiffness, insulin resistance and inflammatory pathway implicated in NAFLD.	Pentoxifylline	28-42	insulin	Homo sapiens	248-255
25945832-4	2015	Drug-induced Trx1 (PX-12) and TrxR1 (Auranofin) inhibition disrupted redox homeostasis resulting in ROS-induced apoptosis in MM cells and a reduction in clonogenic activity.	Pentoxifylline	19-21	thioredoxin	Homo sapiens	13-17
25970116-8	2015	PTX therapy was associated with significant reduction of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha and C-reactive protein concentrations.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	63-90
25758466-11	2015	PTX partially prevented the mucositis phenotype by reducing the levels of inflammatory mediators and iNOS expression.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	101-105
25970116-8	2015	PTX therapy was associated with significant reduction of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha and C-reactive protein concentrations.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	95-113
26024228-11	2015	However, pentoxifylline diminished secretion of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-13, cytokines associated with the outcome of infection by species of the Viannia subgenus.	Pentoxifylline	9-23	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	48-57
26024228-11	2015	However, pentoxifylline diminished secretion of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-13, cytokines associated with the outcome of infection by species of the Viannia subgenus.	Pentoxifylline	9-23	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	59-68
26024228-11	2015	However, pentoxifylline diminished secretion of TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-13, cytokines associated with the outcome of infection by species of the Viannia subgenus.	Pentoxifylline	9-23	interleukin 13	Homo sapiens	73-78
25879629-0	2015	Pentoxifylline Attenuates Proteinuria in Anti-Thy1 Glomerulonephritis via Downregulation of Nuclear Factor-kappaB and Smad2/3 Signaling.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	Thy-1 cell surface antigen	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
25912852-7	2015	On the other hand, the immune staining of iNOS and TNF-alpha were observed most densely in the MTX group, while the density decreased in the PTX- and ALA-administered groups.	Pentoxifylline	141-144	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	42-46
25912852-10	2015	In the PTX and ALA groups, the levels of GGT, BUN and urea as well as the levels of CAT, MDA, NO and XO decreased (SOD increased in the liver tissue), and the levels of GSH-Px and DBil increased.	Pentoxifylline	7-10	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	84-87
25912852-10	2015	In the PTX and ALA groups, the levels of GGT, BUN and urea as well as the levels of CAT, MDA, NO and XO decreased (SOD increased in the liver tissue), and the levels of GSH-Px and DBil increased.	Pentoxifylline	7-10	glutathione peroxidase 1	Rattus norvegicus	169-175
26200554-10	2015	MPO activity in testicular tissues in the IR group was significantly higher than in the IR+PTX group (P&lt;0.05).	Pentoxifylline	91-94	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
25922592-12	2015	The increased TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels in paws of untreated-diabetic rats were reduced in diabetic animals after PTX treatments.	Pentoxifylline	114-117	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	14-23
25922592-12	2015	The increased TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels in paws of untreated-diabetic rats were reduced in diabetic animals after PTX treatments.	Pentoxifylline	114-117	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	28-32
25922592-14	2015	Furthermore, a higher number of iNOS immunostained cells was demonstrated in paw tissues from untreated-diabetic rats, as related to those of PTX-treated diabetic animals.	Pentoxifylline	142-145	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	32-36
25922592-15	2015	Our results show that PTX reduces inflammatory parameters, as pro-inflammatory cytokines and iNOS expression, indicating the potential benefit of the drug for the treatment of diabetes and related pathologic conditions.	Pentoxifylline	22-25	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	93-97
25879629-0	2015	Pentoxifylline Attenuates Proteinuria in Anti-Thy1 Glomerulonephritis via Downregulation of Nuclear Factor-kappaB and Smad2/3 Signaling.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	SMAD family member 2	Rattus norvegicus	118-125
25879629-11	2015	Pentoxifylline attenuated proteinuria and nephrinuria through the course, plus inhibition of p-NF-kappaB p65 (d 1) and p-Smad2/3 (d 5) and partial reversal of downregulated podocyte mRNA and protein.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	synaptotagmin 1	Rattus norvegicus	105-108
25879629-12	2015	Our data show that the pathogenesis of proteinuria in anti-Thy1 glomerulonephritis involves TNF-alpha and TGF-beta/activin pathways, and the evolution of this process can be attenuated by pentoxifylline via downregulation of NF-kappaB and Smad signals and restoration of the podocyte component of the glomerular filtration barrier.	Pentoxifylline	188-202	Thy-1 cell surface antigen	Rattus norvegicus	59-63
25879629-12	2015	Our data show that the pathogenesis of proteinuria in anti-Thy1 glomerulonephritis involves TNF-alpha and TGF-beta/activin pathways, and the evolution of this process can be attenuated by pentoxifylline via downregulation of NF-kappaB and Smad signals and restoration of the podocyte component of the glomerular filtration barrier.	Pentoxifylline	188-202	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	92-101
25879629-12	2015	Our data show that the pathogenesis of proteinuria in anti-Thy1 glomerulonephritis involves TNF-alpha and TGF-beta/activin pathways, and the evolution of this process can be attenuated by pentoxifylline via downregulation of NF-kappaB and Smad signals and restoration of the podocyte component of the glomerular filtration barrier.	Pentoxifylline	188-202	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	106-114
25557188-3	2015	In this study, we investigated the protective effects of pentoxifylline (PTX), a drug with antioxidant and anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) properties, in hyperandrogenism-induced PCO rats.	Pentoxifylline	57-71	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	141-150
25412944-12	2015	Also, pentoxifylline inhibited elevated expression of angiotensin receptor 1 in aortic tissue of metabolic syndrome animals.	Pentoxifylline	6-20	angiotensin II receptor, type 1b	Rattus norvegicus	54-76
25849652-6	2015	Treatment with colchicine or pentoxifylline down-regulated the level of miR-21 with improved symptoms in mice.	Pentoxifylline	29-43	microRNA 21a	Mus musculus	72-78
25412944-11	2015	Further, pentoxifylline alleviated the low-grade inflammation associated with metabolic syndrome, as reflected by the significantly lower serum tumor necrosis factor alpha and higher serum adiponectin levels metabolic syndrome animals treated with pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	9-23	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	144-171
25412944-11	2015	Further, pentoxifylline alleviated the low-grade inflammation associated with metabolic syndrome, as reflected by the significantly lower serum tumor necrosis factor alpha and higher serum adiponectin levels metabolic syndrome animals treated with pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	9-23	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	189-200
25412944-11	2015	Further, pentoxifylline alleviated the low-grade inflammation associated with metabolic syndrome, as reflected by the significantly lower serum tumor necrosis factor alpha and higher serum adiponectin levels metabolic syndrome animals treated with pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	248-262	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	144-171
25412944-11	2015	Further, pentoxifylline alleviated the low-grade inflammation associated with metabolic syndrome, as reflected by the significantly lower serum tumor necrosis factor alpha and higher serum adiponectin levels metabolic syndrome animals treated with pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	248-262	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	189-200
25557188-3	2015	In this study, we investigated the protective effects of pentoxifylline (PTX), a drug with antioxidant and anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) properties, in hyperandrogenism-induced PCO rats.	Pentoxifylline	73-76	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	141-150
25789471-8	2015	PTX did not alter parasite load, but hampered the progression of heart injury, improving connexin 43 expression and decreasing fibronectin overdeposition.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	gap junction protein, alpha 1	Mus musculus	89-100
25584775-8	2015	G-CSF-induced hyperalgesia was dose-dependently inhibited by thalidomide (5-45mg/kg) and pentoxifylline (0.5-13.5mg/kg), and treatment with these drugs inhibited G-CSF-induced TNFalpha, IL-1beta and IL-10 production.	Pentoxifylline	89-103	colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte)	Mus musculus	0-5
26157711-7	2015	RESULTS: Pentoxifylline administration limited apoptosis and caspase-3 activities in rats" hippocampi.	Pentoxifylline	9-23	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	61-70
26157711-9	2015	The results of one- way ANOVA revealed that that ischemia significantly increased caspase-3 levels in the hippocampus (p&lt; 0.05); however, the level of caspase-3 in pentoxifylline -treated rats was less than the ischemic group.	Pentoxifylline	167-181	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	154-163
26157711-10	2015	CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the neuroprotective effect of pentoxifylline (200mg/kg) may be accompanied by a reduction in ischemic damage within the CA1 region of the hippocampus in rats subjected to transient global cerebral ischemia.	Pentoxifylline	69-83	carbonic anhydrase 1	Rattus norvegicus	159-162
25945237-9	2015	Aside from reducing lymphocyte proliferation, pentoxifylline significantly inhibited the production of proinflammatory interleukin 17 (IL-17) as well as interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), while increased anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 as compared with those in MLDS group (diabetic control group).	Pentoxifylline	46-60	interleukin 17A	Mus musculus	119-133
25945237-9	2015	Aside from reducing lymphocyte proliferation, pentoxifylline significantly inhibited the production of proinflammatory interleukin 17 (IL-17) as well as interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), while increased anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 as compared with those in MLDS group (diabetic control group).	Pentoxifylline	46-60	interleukin 17A	Mus musculus	135-140
25945237-9	2015	Aside from reducing lymphocyte proliferation, pentoxifylline significantly inhibited the production of proinflammatory interleukin 17 (IL-17) as well as interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), while increased anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 as compared with those in MLDS group (diabetic control group).	Pentoxifylline	46-60	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	153-180
25945237-9	2015	Aside from reducing lymphocyte proliferation, pentoxifylline significantly inhibited the production of proinflammatory interleukin 17 (IL-17) as well as interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), while increased anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 as compared with those in MLDS group (diabetic control group).	Pentoxifylline	46-60	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	226-231
25584775-8	2015	G-CSF-induced hyperalgesia was dose-dependently inhibited by thalidomide (5-45mg/kg) and pentoxifylline (0.5-13.5mg/kg), and treatment with these drugs inhibited G-CSF-induced TNFalpha, IL-1beta and IL-10 production.	Pentoxifylline	89-103	colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte)	Mus musculus	162-167
25584775-8	2015	G-CSF-induced hyperalgesia was dose-dependently inhibited by thalidomide (5-45mg/kg) and pentoxifylline (0.5-13.5mg/kg), and treatment with these drugs inhibited G-CSF-induced TNFalpha, IL-1beta and IL-10 production.	Pentoxifylline	89-103	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	176-184
25584775-8	2015	G-CSF-induced hyperalgesia was dose-dependently inhibited by thalidomide (5-45mg/kg) and pentoxifylline (0.5-13.5mg/kg), and treatment with these drugs inhibited G-CSF-induced TNFalpha, IL-1beta and IL-10 production.	Pentoxifylline	89-103	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	186-194
25584775-8	2015	G-CSF-induced hyperalgesia was dose-dependently inhibited by thalidomide (5-45mg/kg) and pentoxifylline (0.5-13.5mg/kg), and treatment with these drugs inhibited G-CSF-induced TNFalpha, IL-1beta and IL-10 production.	Pentoxifylline	89-103	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	199-204
25584775-9	2015	The combined treatment with pentoxifylline or thalidomide with morphine, at doses that are ineffective as single treatment, diminished G-CSF-induced hyperalgesia through inhibiting cytokine production.	Pentoxifylline	28-42	colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte)	Mus musculus	135-140
25821316-8	2015	ASK treatment showed significant elevation in TNF-alpha, whereas PTX and ASK + PTX showed significant reduction in TNF-alpha in plasma.	Pentoxifylline	65-68	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	115-124
25115616-0	2015	A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of pentoxifylline on erythropoiesis-stimulating agent hyporesponsiveness in anemic patients with CKD: the Handling Erythropoietin Resistance With Oxpentifylline (HERO) trial.	Pentoxifylline	185-199	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	154-168
25880052-6	2015	RESULTS: Pentoxifylline administration did not significantly affect troponin-T (p=0.68), but it reduced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (p=0.01) and interleukin-6 (p=0.01).	Pentoxifylline	9-23	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	104-131
25880052-6	2015	RESULTS: Pentoxifylline administration did not significantly affect troponin-T (p=0.68), but it reduced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (p=0.01) and interleukin-6 (p=0.01).	Pentoxifylline	9-23	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	145-158
25635819-9	2015	Blockade of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the overproduction of NO induced by co-treatment with pentoxifylline and LPS and iNOS inhibition with aminoguanidine both extended down-regulation of CYP2A5 to the high dose range while not affecting LPS-induced depression of CYP1A and CYP2B.	Pentoxifylline	97-111	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5	Mus musculus	193-199
25821316-8	2015	ASK treatment showed significant elevation in TNF-alpha, whereas PTX and ASK + PTX showed significant reduction in TNF-alpha in plasma.	Pentoxifylline	79-82	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	115-124
24886962-3	2014	Pentoxifylline is a TNFalpha inhibitor known to suppress inflammation.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	20-28
24970885-6	2015	The proportion of patients with a rate of eGFR decline greater than the median rate of decline (0.16 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) per month) was lower in the PTF group than in the control group (33.3% versus 68.2%; P&lt;0.001).	Pentoxifylline	150-153	epidermal growth factor receptor	Homo sapiens	42-46
24970885-8	2015	Urine TNF-alpha decreased from a median 16 ng/g (interquartile range, 11-20.1 ng/g) to 14.3 ng/g (interquartile range, 9.2-18.4 ng/g) in the PTF group (P&lt;0.01), with no changes in the control group.	Pentoxifylline	141-144	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	6-15
26087281-0	2015	Pentoxifylline Accelerates Wound Healing Process by Modulating Gene Expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, and TIMP-1 in Normoglycemic Rats.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-87
26087281-0	2015	Pentoxifylline Accelerates Wound Healing Process by Modulating Gene Expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, and TIMP-1 in Normoglycemic Rats.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Rattus norvegicus	89-94
26087281-0	2015	Pentoxifylline Accelerates Wound Healing Process by Modulating Gene Expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, and TIMP-1 in Normoglycemic Rats.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1	Rattus norvegicus	100-106
26087281-3	2015	HYPOTHESIS: We are expecting that PTX administration can increase biomechanical parameters and modulate matrix metalloproteinaseses-1 (MMP-1) and MMP-3, and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor-1 (TIMP-1) in normoglycemic (NG) rat model of wound healing.	Pentoxifylline	34-37	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Rattus norvegicus	104-133
26087281-3	2015	HYPOTHESIS: We are expecting that PTX administration can increase biomechanical parameters and modulate matrix metalloproteinaseses-1 (MMP-1) and MMP-3, and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor-1 (TIMP-1) in normoglycemic (NG) rat model of wound healing.	Pentoxifylline	34-37	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Rattus norvegicus	135-140
26087281-3	2015	HYPOTHESIS: We are expecting that PTX administration can increase biomechanical parameters and modulate matrix metalloproteinaseses-1 (MMP-1) and MMP-3, and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor-1 (TIMP-1) in normoglycemic (NG) rat model of wound healing.	Pentoxifylline	34-37	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Rattus norvegicus	146-151
26087281-3	2015	HYPOTHESIS: We are expecting that PTX administration can increase biomechanical parameters and modulate matrix metalloproteinaseses-1 (MMP-1) and MMP-3, and matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor-1 (TIMP-1) in normoglycemic (NG) rat model of wound healing.	Pentoxifylline	34-37	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1	Rattus norvegicus	195-201
26087281-10	2015	Quantification of MMP-1, MMP-3, and TIMP-1 showed that PTX significantly reduced gene expressions of MMP-1 and MMP-3.	Pentoxifylline	55-58	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-23
26087281-10	2015	Quantification of MMP-1, MMP-3, and TIMP-1 showed that PTX significantly reduced gene expressions of MMP-1 and MMP-3.	Pentoxifylline	55-58	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Rattus norvegicus	25-30
26087281-10	2015	Quantification of MMP-1, MMP-3, and TIMP-1 showed that PTX significantly reduced gene expressions of MMP-1 and MMP-3.	Pentoxifylline	55-58	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-42
26087281-10	2015	Quantification of MMP-1, MMP-3, and TIMP-1 showed that PTX significantly reduced gene expressions of MMP-1 and MMP-3.	Pentoxifylline	55-58	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Rattus norvegicus	101-106
26087281-10	2015	Quantification of MMP-1, MMP-3, and TIMP-1 showed that PTX significantly reduced gene expressions of MMP-1 and MMP-3.	Pentoxifylline	55-58	matrix metallopeptidase 3	Rattus norvegicus	111-116
25266721-6	2014	Treatment of malignant cells with the c-Rel inhibitor pentoxifylline not only reduced c-Rel nuclear translocation and Ezh2 expression, but also enhanced their sensitivity to the Ezh2-specific drug, GSK126 through increased growth inhibition and cell death.	Pentoxifylline	54-68	REL proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	38-43
25266721-6	2014	Treatment of malignant cells with the c-Rel inhibitor pentoxifylline not only reduced c-Rel nuclear translocation and Ezh2 expression, but also enhanced their sensitivity to the Ezh2-specific drug, GSK126 through increased growth inhibition and cell death.	Pentoxifylline	54-68	REL proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	86-91
25266721-6	2014	Treatment of malignant cells with the c-Rel inhibitor pentoxifylline not only reduced c-Rel nuclear translocation and Ezh2 expression, but also enhanced their sensitivity to the Ezh2-specific drug, GSK126 through increased growth inhibition and cell death.	Pentoxifylline	54-68	enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit	Homo sapiens	118-122
25266721-6	2014	Treatment of malignant cells with the c-Rel inhibitor pentoxifylline not only reduced c-Rel nuclear translocation and Ezh2 expression, but also enhanced their sensitivity to the Ezh2-specific drug, GSK126 through increased growth inhibition and cell death.	Pentoxifylline	54-68	enhancer of zeste 2 polycomb repressive complex 2 subunit	Homo sapiens	178-182
26549291-8	2015	The HGF gene expression was decreased significantly in the ADR group compared with the control group, but was increased in the A+PTX group.	Pentoxifylline	129-132	hepatocyte growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
26549291-9	2015	Caspase-3 was up-regulated in the ADR group, and down-regulated in the A+PTX group.	Pentoxifylline	73-76	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	0-9
26549291-10	2015	These results show that treatment with PTX exerts a protective effect against ADR-induced myocardial fibrosis via regulation of HGF and caspase-3 gene expression.	Pentoxifylline	39-42	hepatocyte growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	128-131
26549291-10	2015	These results show that treatment with PTX exerts a protective effect against ADR-induced myocardial fibrosis via regulation of HGF and caspase-3 gene expression.	Pentoxifylline	39-42	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	136-145
25224275-7	2015	In contrast, PTX attenuated leukocyte-endothelial interactions, P-selectin and ICAM-1 expression at the mesentery when associated with either LR (P &lt; 0.001) or HS (P &lt; 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	13-16	selectin P	Rattus norvegicus	64-74
25224275-7	2015	In contrast, PTX attenuated leukocyte-endothelial interactions, P-selectin and ICAM-1 expression at the mesentery when associated with either LR (P &lt; 0.001) or HS (P &lt; 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	13-16	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	79-85
26491600-0	2015	Pentoxifylline Neuroprotective Effects Are Possibly Related to Its Anti-Inflammatory and TNF-Alpha Inhibitory Properties, in the 6-OHDA Model of Parkinson"s Disease.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	89-98
26491600-1	2015	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor with anti-TNF-alpha activity, associated with its anti-inflammatory action.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	64-73
26491600-1	2015	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor with anti-TNF-alpha activity, associated with its anti-inflammatory action.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	64-73
26491600-9	2015	The untreated 6-OHDA group showed intense OX-42, TNF-alpha, COX-2, and iNOS immunoreactivities, which were attenuated by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	121-124	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	49-58
26491600-9	2015	The untreated 6-OHDA group showed intense OX-42, TNF-alpha, COX-2, and iNOS immunoreactivities, which were attenuated by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	121-124	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	60-65
26491600-9	2015	The untreated 6-OHDA group showed intense OX-42, TNF-alpha, COX-2, and iNOS immunoreactivities, which were attenuated by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	121-124	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	71-75
25910299-8	2014	CONCLUSION: Our study showed that the anti-TNF agents infliximab, adalimumab, and pentoxifylline effectively suppress TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	82-96	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	43-46
25910299-8	2014	CONCLUSION: Our study showed that the anti-TNF agents infliximab, adalimumab, and pentoxifylline effectively suppress TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	82-96	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	118-127
25424294-8	2014	The histochemical study showed lesser expression of COX-2 (p=0.0015) and Bcl-2 (p=0.0012) on HS+PTX group.	Pentoxifylline	96-99	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	52-57
25424294-8	2014	The histochemical study showed lesser expression of COX-2 (p=0.0015) and Bcl-2 (p=0.0012) on HS+PTX group.	Pentoxifylline	96-99	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	73-78
25268312-4	2014	Additionally, the effects of chronic administration of the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine and the anti-TNF-alpha pentoxyphylline were investigated.	Pentoxifylline	118-133	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	108-117
25268312-12	2014	Chronic treatment with imipramine or pentoxifylline significantly ameliorated the behavioral, neurochemical, immunohistochemical and TNF-alpha gene expression changes induced by the LPS/CMS protocol.	Pentoxifylline	37-51	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	133-142
24886962-10	2014	Macrophages expressing COX-2 and MMP-9 also decreased after pentoxifylline, while CD163+ and Gal-3(+) macrophages increased.	Pentoxifylline	60-74	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	23-28
24886962-10	2014	Macrophages expressing COX-2 and MMP-9 also decreased after pentoxifylline, while CD163+ and Gal-3(+) macrophages increased.	Pentoxifylline	60-74	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Rattus norvegicus	33-38
25597162-7	2014	Pentoxifylline (PTX) caused significant reductions in granuloma sizes, hepatic hydroxyproline, and serum levels of leptin and transforming growth factor- beta1 t the 9"th&amp; 17kt weeks P.II (GIII.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	leptin	Mus musculus	115-121
25597162-7	2014	Pentoxifylline (PTX) caused significant reductions in granuloma sizes, hepatic hydroxyproline, and serum levels of leptin and transforming growth factor- beta1 t the 9"th&amp; 17kt weeks P.II (GIII.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	126-159
25597162-7	2014	Pentoxifylline (PTX) caused significant reductions in granuloma sizes, hepatic hydroxyproline, and serum levels of leptin and transforming growth factor- beta1 t the 9"th&amp; 17kt weeks P.II (GIII.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	leptin	Mus musculus	115-121
25597162-7	2014	Pentoxifylline (PTX) caused significant reductions in granuloma sizes, hepatic hydroxyproline, and serum levels of leptin and transforming growth factor- beta1 t the 9"th&amp; 17kt weeks P.II (GIII.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	126-159
25597162-8	2014	While combined therapy of both MZD &amp; PTX in GIIVcaused more reductions in granuloma sizes, hepatic hydroxyproline, and serum levels of leptin and TGF- beta1 t the 9th &amp; 17th weeks P.IIwhen compared to the other groups.	Pentoxifylline	41-44	leptin	Mus musculus	139-145
25597162-8	2014	While combined therapy of both MZD &amp; PTX in GIIVcaused more reductions in granuloma sizes, hepatic hydroxyproline, and serum levels of leptin and TGF- beta1 t the 9th &amp; 17th weeks P.IIwhen compared to the other groups.	Pentoxifylline	41-44	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	150-160
24991532-0	2014	Pentoxifylline decreases glycemia levels and TNF-alpha, iNOS and COX-2 expressions in diabetic rat pancreas.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	45-54
25044383-4	2014	OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of pentoxifylline on serum hepcidin in chronic hemodialysis patients with inflammation.	Pentoxifylline	62-76	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	86-94
24991532-0	2014	Pentoxifylline decreases glycemia levels and TNF-alpha, iNOS and COX-2 expressions in diabetic rat pancreas.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	56-60
24991532-0	2014	Pentoxifylline decreases glycemia levels and TNF-alpha, iNOS and COX-2 expressions in diabetic rat pancreas.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	65-70
24991532-11	2014	Some histological and immunohistochemical alterations for TNF-alpha, iNOS and COX-2 in the diabetic pancreas were also reversed by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	131-134	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	58-67
24991532-11	2014	Some histological and immunohistochemical alterations for TNF-alpha, iNOS and COX-2 in the diabetic pancreas were also reversed by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	131-134	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	69-73
24991532-11	2014	Some histological and immunohistochemical alterations for TNF-alpha, iNOS and COX-2 in the diabetic pancreas were also reversed by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	131-134	cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial	Rattus norvegicus	78-83
24865768-10	2014	Moreover, ROS formation, the ratio of NADP+/NADPH and NADPH oxidase subunits expression of gp91phox and p47phox, lipid peroxidation level was significantly increased, while antioxidant enzyme SOD and GSH-Px activity were reduced in the myocardial tissue of diabetic mice.	Pentoxifylline	204-206	cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide	Mus musculus	91-99
24886185-2	2014	This study aimed to evaluate the effects of TNF-alpha inhibition with pentoxifylline (PTX) on concanavalin A (Con A)-induced hepatic injury in rats.	Pentoxifylline	86-89	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	44-53
24886185-8	2014	The administration of PTX was found to confer significant protection against the injurious effects of Con A on the liver, by reducing serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, hepatic TNF-alpha, and malondialdehyde.	Pentoxifylline	22-25	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	150-176
24886185-8	2014	The administration of PTX was found to confer significant protection against the injurious effects of Con A on the liver, by reducing serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, hepatic TNF-alpha, and malondialdehyde.	Pentoxifylline	22-25	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	212-221
24743504-1	2014	AIMS: Pentoxifylline has been used to treat nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLDs) due to its anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha effects.	Pentoxifylline	6-20	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	103-130
24743504-8	2014	Furthermore, pentoxifylline also led to significant reduction in BMI (WMD=-0.51; 95% CI: -0.96, -0.06) and fasting glucose (WMD=-8.97; 95% CI: -14.52, -3.42), but did not significantly affect the serum tumor necrosis factor alpha and adiponectin levels when compared with placebo.	Pentoxifylline	13-27	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	202-229
24743504-8	2014	Furthermore, pentoxifylline also led to significant reduction in BMI (WMD=-0.51; 95% CI: -0.96, -0.06) and fasting glucose (WMD=-8.97; 95% CI: -14.52, -3.42), but did not significantly affect the serum tumor necrosis factor alpha and adiponectin levels when compared with placebo.	Pentoxifylline	13-27	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	234-245
24874295-12	2014	IR was associated with elevated levels of the inflammatory cytokine TNFalpha, whereas PTX treatment elevated the serum level of the anti-inflammatory cytokine adiponectin.	Pentoxifylline	86-89	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Rattus norvegicus	159-170
24865768-10	2014	Moreover, ROS formation, the ratio of NADP+/NADPH and NADPH oxidase subunits expression of gp91phox and p47phox, lipid peroxidation level was significantly increased, while antioxidant enzyme SOD and GSH-Px activity were reduced in the myocardial tissue of diabetic mice.	Pentoxifylline	204-206	neutrophil cytosolic factor 1	Mus musculus	104-111
24290534-2	2014	In addition, miR-210 overexpression is repressed by antifibrotic treatment combining pentoxifylline and alpha-tocopherol.	Pentoxifylline	85-99	microRNA 210	Homo sapiens	13-20
24965421-10	2014	Pretreatment with SOD preserved the survival of irradiated cells and increased SOD, GSH-Px and CAT activity.	Pentoxifylline	88-90	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	18-21
24567316-1	2014	Pentoxifylline is a tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibitor that also attenuates the immune response and decreases tissue inflammation.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	20-47
24567316-1	2014	Pentoxifylline is a tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibitor that also attenuates the immune response and decreases tissue inflammation.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	49-58
24567316-4	2014	A significant decrease in TNF-alpha and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels during therapy was more pronounced in the antimony plus pentoxifylline group, whereas CCL-3 (Chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 3) decreased similarly in both groups.	Pentoxifylline	132-146	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	26-35
24567316-4	2014	A significant decrease in TNF-alpha and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels during therapy was more pronounced in the antimony plus pentoxifylline group, whereas CCL-3 (Chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 3) decreased similarly in both groups.	Pentoxifylline	132-146	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	40-56
24567316-4	2014	A significant decrease in TNF-alpha and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels during therapy was more pronounced in the antimony plus pentoxifylline group, whereas CCL-3 (Chemokine [C-C motif] ligand 3) decreased similarly in both groups.	Pentoxifylline	132-146	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	58-67
24567316-5	2014	The increased levels of CXCL-9 (Chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 9) during therapy were lower in the antimony plus pentoxifylline group.	Pentoxifylline	113-127	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9	Homo sapiens	24-30
24567316-5	2014	The increased levels of CXCL-9 (Chemokine [C-X-C motif] ligand 9) during therapy were lower in the antimony plus pentoxifylline group.	Pentoxifylline	113-127	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 9	Homo sapiens	32-64
24143911-7	2014	In conclusion, Pentoxifylline has shown positive effects in liver ischemia and reperfusion injury, and the main mechanism seems to be associated with the inhibition of TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	15-29	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	168-177
24691042-7	2014	In the hyperoxaluria group taking pentoxyphylline before ESWL (group 5), HIF-1alpha expression was lower in both early and late period subgroups (p &lt; 0.05) CONCLUSION: In this study we evaluated HIF-1alpha expression and showed that ESWL may cause renal cell injury.	Pentoxifylline	34-49	hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Oryctolagus cuniculus	73-83
24595456-10	2014	Other anti-clonogenic but not highly cytotoxic compounds such as bryostatin 1, siomycin A, illudin M, michellamine B and pentoxifylline markedly reduced the frequency of ABCB5 (ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B, member 5)-positive cells.	Pentoxifylline	121-135	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 5	Homo sapiens	170-175
24595456-10	2014	Other anti-clonogenic but not highly cytotoxic compounds such as bryostatin 1, siomycin A, illudin M, michellamine B and pentoxifylline markedly reduced the frequency of ABCB5 (ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B, member 5)-positive cells.	Pentoxifylline	121-135	ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 5	Homo sapiens	177-221
24691042-7	2014	In the hyperoxaluria group taking pentoxyphylline before ESWL (group 5), HIF-1alpha expression was lower in both early and late period subgroups (p &lt; 0.05) CONCLUSION: In this study we evaluated HIF-1alpha expression and showed that ESWL may cause renal cell injury.	Pentoxifylline	34-49	hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha	Oryctolagus cuniculus	198-208
24444783-12	2014	RESULTS: Administration of G-CSF induced a significant increase in WBC, both in the placebo and the pentoxifylline group (p&lt;0.01 for both groups).	Pentoxifylline	100-114	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	27-32
24523936-4	2014	We therefore hypothesized that blocking the pro-apoptotic TNF-alpha pathway using pentoxifylline could prevent the deleterious effect of the lack of ET-1 in a model for heart failure.	Pentoxifylline	82-96	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	58-67
24523936-11	2014	Pentoxifylline treatment reduced expression levels of BNP, bcl2 and bax.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	59-63
24523936-4	2014	We therefore hypothesized that blocking the pro-apoptotic TNF-alpha pathway using pentoxifylline could prevent the deleterious effect of the lack of ET-1 in a model for heart failure.	Pentoxifylline	82-96	endothelin 1	Mus musculus	149-153
24523936-11	2014	Pentoxifylline treatment reduced expression levels of BNP, bcl2 and bax.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	natriuretic peptide type B	Mus musculus	54-57
24523936-11	2014	Pentoxifylline treatment reduced expression levels of BNP, bcl2 and bax.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	BCL2-associated X protein	Mus musculus	68-71
24523936-13	2014	Moreover, we put in light a TNF-alpha-independent beneficial effect of pentoxifylline in the VEETKO mice suggesting a therapeutic potential for pentoxifylline in a subpopulation of heart failure patients at higher risk.	Pentoxifylline	71-85	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	28-37
24523936-13	2014	Moreover, we put in light a TNF-alpha-independent beneficial effect of pentoxifylline in the VEETKO mice suggesting a therapeutic potential for pentoxifylline in a subpopulation of heart failure patients at higher risk.	Pentoxifylline	144-158	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	28-37
24269001-6	2014	PTX affected adhesion of breast cancer cells to matrigel, collagen type IV, fibronectin and laminin in a dose dependent manner.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	76-87
24797690-7	2014	IL-1beta, IL-6 and CINC-1 (Cytokine-Induced Neutrophil Chemoattractant-1) were lower in the HS, PTX and HS + PTX groups compared with the IO and RL groups.	Pentoxifylline	109-112	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-72
24797690-7	2014	IL-1beta, IL-6 and CINC-1 (Cytokine-Induced Neutrophil Chemoattractant-1) were lower in the HS, PTX and HS + PTX groups compared with the IO and RL groups.	Pentoxifylline	96-99	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-72
24797690-8	2014	IL-10 was lower in the HS + PTX group than in the IO group.	Pentoxifylline	28-31	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
24564103-9	2014	CONCLUSION: The single factor of T-2 toxin can cause lipid peroxidation in brain, lower the activity of GSH-Px and higher the lever of MDA.	Pentoxifylline	108-110	brachyury 2	Rattus norvegicus	33-36
24434385-0	2014	Evaluation of the effect of pentoxifylline on erythropoietin-resistant anemia in hemodialysis patients.	Pentoxifylline	28-42	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	46-60
24434385-8	2014	Three months treatment with pentoxifylline was seen to increase Hgb significantly in rh-Epo-resistant patients.	Pentoxifylline	28-42	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	88-91
23842647-9	2014	This advancement has recently led to pilot studies investigating anti-TNF drugs such as pentoxifylline, infliximab (anti-TNF antibody) or etanercept in the treatment of this disease.	Pentoxifylline	88-102	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	70-73
24734070-2	2014	In this study, the effect of pentoxyfylline on BCL-2 gene expression changes and cell injury in kidney of rat following Ischemia Reperfusion were evaluated.	Pentoxifylline	29-43	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	47-52
24734070-11	2014	The pentoxyfylline might have a role in control of apoptosis result from Ischemia- reperfusion and quantitative real-time PCR can be used as a direct method for detection BCL-2 gene expression in tested samples and normal samples.	Pentoxifylline	4-18	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	171-176
23614640-9	2013	RESULTS: MBP staining was significantly less and weaker in the brains of the LPS-treated group as compared with the PNTX-treated group.	Pentoxifylline	116-120	myelin basic protein	Rattus norvegicus	9-12
23614640-10	2013	PNTX treatment significantly reduced the number of apoptotic cells in the periventricular WM shown on Tunel and caspase-3.	Pentoxifylline	0-4	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	112-121
23911669-0	2013	Preventive and therapeutic anti-TNF-alpha therapy with pentoxifylline decreases arthritis and the associated periodontal co-morbidity in mice.	Pentoxifylline	55-69	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	32-41
23993832-9	2013	Systemic administration of pentoxifylline immediately after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy significantly reduced the tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta messenger RNA expression levels in ischemic tissue as compared with the ischemia group.	Pentoxifylline	27-41	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	118-145
23993832-9	2013	Systemic administration of pentoxifylline immediately after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy significantly reduced the tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta messenger RNA expression levels in ischemic tissue as compared with the ischemia group.	Pentoxifylline	27-41	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	150-167
23993832-11	2013	Caspase-3 activities in the brains of pentoxifylline + ischemia groups were significantly lower than in that of ischemia group.	Pentoxifylline	38-52	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	0-9
23993832-12	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Based on the significantly lower interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene expression measured after 4 and 24 hours and significantly reduced caspase-3 activity measured colorimetrically in the animals treated with pentoxifylline, our findings suggest that pentoxifylline may reduce brain damage due to hypoxic-ischemic injury.	Pentoxifylline	241-255	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	168-177
23993832-12	2013	CONCLUSIONS: Based on the significantly lower interleukin-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene expression measured after 4 and 24 hours and significantly reduced caspase-3 activity measured colorimetrically in the animals treated with pentoxifylline, our findings suggest that pentoxifylline may reduce brain damage due to hypoxic-ischemic injury.	Pentoxifylline	283-297	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	46-95
23911669-8	2013	The increased levels of TNF-alpha and IL-17 in periarticular tissues of AIA mice were also reduced by both PTX treatments.	Pentoxifylline	107-110	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	24-33
23911669-8	2013	The increased levels of TNF-alpha and IL-17 in periarticular tissues of AIA mice were also reduced by both PTX treatments.	Pentoxifylline	107-110	interleukin 17A	Mus musculus	38-43
23911669-9	2013	Serum levels of C-reactive protein, which were augmented after AIA, were reduced by the PTX regimens.	Pentoxifylline	88-91	C-reactive protein, pentraxin-related	Mus musculus	16-34
23911669-12	2013	PTX treatment also decreased TNF-alpha and increased IL-10 expression in the maxillae of AIA mice, although it did not affect the expression of IFN-gamma and IL-17.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	29-38
23911669-12	2013	PTX treatment also decreased TNF-alpha and increased IL-10 expression in the maxillae of AIA mice, although it did not affect the expression of IFN-gamma and IL-17.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	53-58
23639230-0	2013	Pentoxifylline inhibits melanoma tumor growth and angiogenesis by targeting STAT3 signaling pathway.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	76-81
23592546-7	2013	Additionally, PTX normalized sleep deprivation-induced reduction in the hippocampus GSH/GSSG ratio (P &lt; 0.05), and activities of GPx, catalase, and SOD (P &lt; 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	14-17	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	137-154
23946597-7	2013	Pretreatment with pentoxifylline markedly downregulated TNF-alpha at both the mRNA and protein levels, whereas infliximab pretreatment did not affect the expression of TNF-alpha induced by I/R.	Pentoxifylline	18-32	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	56-65
23584602-10	2013	In addition, the anti-inflammatory action of VA was potentiated by pentoxifylline (a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, known to inhibit TNF-alpha production), but not by sodium butyrate or by suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), nonspecific and specific inhibitors, respectively, of histone deacetylase.	Pentoxifylline	67-81	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	131-140
23699177-0	2013	Protective effects of pentoxifylline in pulmonary inflammation are adenosine receptor A2A dependent.	Pentoxifylline	22-36	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	86-89
23699177-3	2013	Recent in vitro studies suggested that the adenosine receptor A2A may be required for PTX to be effective.	Pentoxifylline	86-89	adenosine A2a receptor	Mus musculus	43-65
23699177-4	2013	Therefore, we studied the association between A2A and PTX in a murine model of LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation.	Pentoxifylline	54-57	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	46-49
23699177-5	2013	PTX treatment (10 mg/kg) reduced cellular influx (by 40%), microvascular permeability (30%), and the release of chemotactic cytokines into the alveolar space (TNF-alpha 60%, IL-6 60%, and CXCL2/3 53%, respectively).	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	159-168
23699177-5	2013	PTX treatment (10 mg/kg) reduced cellular influx (by 40%), microvascular permeability (30%), and the release of chemotactic cytokines into the alveolar space (TNF-alpha 60%, IL-6 60%, and CXCL2/3 53%, respectively).	Pentoxifylline	0-3	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	174-178
23699177-5	2013	PTX treatment (10 mg/kg) reduced cellular influx (by 40%), microvascular permeability (30%), and the release of chemotactic cytokines into the alveolar space (TNF-alpha 60%, IL-6 60%, and CXCL2/3 53%, respectively).	Pentoxifylline	0-3	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	188-193
23699177-9	2013	Further, oxidative burst of human PMNs was A2A-dependently reduced by 53% after PTX treatment.	Pentoxifylline	80-83	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	43-46
23699177-10	2013	In summary, PTX exhibits its anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-induced lung injury through an A2A-dependent pathway.	Pentoxifylline	12-15	immunoglobulin kappa variable 2D-29	Homo sapiens	93-96
23872375-0	2013	Curbing the focal adhesion kinase and its associated signaling events by pentoxifylline in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells.	Pentoxifylline	73-87	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	12-33
23872375-6	2013	PTX at sub-toxic doses lowers the level of activated FAK, Extracellular Regulated Kinase or Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (ERK/MAPK), Protein Kinase B (PKB/Akt) affecting cellular proliferation and survival.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	protein tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	53-56
23872375-6	2013	PTX at sub-toxic doses lowers the level of activated FAK, Extracellular Regulated Kinase or Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (ERK/MAPK), Protein Kinase B (PKB/Akt) affecting cellular proliferation and survival.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	126-129
23872375-6	2013	PTX at sub-toxic doses lowers the level of activated FAK, Extracellular Regulated Kinase or Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (ERK/MAPK), Protein Kinase B (PKB/Akt) affecting cellular proliferation and survival.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta	Homo sapiens	137-153
23872375-6	2013	PTX at sub-toxic doses lowers the level of activated FAK, Extracellular Regulated Kinase or Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase (ERK/MAPK), Protein Kinase B (PKB/Akt) affecting cellular proliferation and survival.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	155-162
23946597-8	2013	However, pretreatment with pentoxifylline or infliximab dramatically suppressed I/R-induced mucosal injury and cell apoptosis and significantly inhibited the activation of caspase-9/3 and JNK signaling.	Pentoxifylline	27-41	caspase 9	Rattus norvegicus	172-181
23946597-8	2013	However, pretreatment with pentoxifylline or infliximab dramatically suppressed I/R-induced mucosal injury and cell apoptosis and significantly inhibited the activation of caspase-9/3 and JNK signaling.	Pentoxifylline	27-41	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	188-191
23791077-4	2013	In this study, we investigated the cholinesterase inhibition by the xanthine derivatives caffeine, pentoxifylline, and propentofylline.	Pentoxifylline	99-113	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	35-49
24250655-0	2013	The Effect of Pentoxifylline on bcl-2 Gene Expression Changes in Hippocampus after Ischemia-Reperfusion in Wistar Rats by a Quatitative RT-PCR Method.	Pentoxifylline	14-28	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	32-37
24250658-0	2013	The Effect of Pentoxifylline on bcl-2 Gene Expression Changes in Hippocampus after Long-term use of Ecstasy in Wistar Rats.	Pentoxifylline	14-28	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	32-37
24250658-4	2013	In this study effect of pentoxifylline on bcl- 2 gene expression changes in hippocampus of rat following long- term use of ecstasy was investigated.	Pentoxifylline	24-38	BCL2, apoptosis regulator	Rattus norvegicus	42-48
23639230-3	2013	In this study, we report that, PTX at sub-toxic doses can inhibit melanoma tumor growth and angiogenesis by targeting the STAT3 signaling pathway.	Pentoxifylline	31-34	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	122-127
23639230-4	2013	Despite minimal cytotoxicity against normal cells, PTX suppressed phosphorylation and DNA binding of STAT3 in a dose-dependent manner.	Pentoxifylline	51-54	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	101-106
23639230-5	2013	Also, PTX inhibited phosphorylation of the upstream kinases JAK1 and JAK2 and increased the expression of pSHP2 phosphatase.	Pentoxifylline	6-9	Janus kinase 1	Homo sapiens	60-64
23639230-5	2013	Also, PTX inhibited phosphorylation of the upstream kinases JAK1 and JAK2 and increased the expression of pSHP2 phosphatase.	Pentoxifylline	6-9	Janus kinase 2	Homo sapiens	69-73
23639230-6	2013	Expression of various STAT3 regulated gene products, such as cylinD1, CDK6, cMyc, BclXL, and VEGF was downregulated following PTX treatment.	Pentoxifylline	126-129	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	22-27
23639230-6	2013	Expression of various STAT3 regulated gene products, such as cylinD1, CDK6, cMyc, BclXL, and VEGF was downregulated following PTX treatment.	Pentoxifylline	126-129	cyclin dependent kinase 6	Homo sapiens	70-74
23639230-6	2013	Expression of various STAT3 regulated gene products, such as cylinD1, CDK6, cMyc, BclXL, and VEGF was downregulated following PTX treatment.	Pentoxifylline	126-129	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	76-80
23639230-6	2013	Expression of various STAT3 regulated gene products, such as cylinD1, CDK6, cMyc, BclXL, and VEGF was downregulated following PTX treatment.	Pentoxifylline	126-129	BCL2 like 1	Homo sapiens	82-87
23639230-6	2013	Expression of various STAT3 regulated gene products, such as cylinD1, CDK6, cMyc, BclXL, and VEGF was downregulated following PTX treatment.	Pentoxifylline	126-129	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	93-97
23639230-8	2013	PTX alters tumor microenvironment by limiting IL-6 secretion and also by disrupting VEGF-VEGFR2 autocrine/paracrine signaling.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	46-50
23639230-8	2013	PTX alters tumor microenvironment by limiting IL-6 secretion and also by disrupting VEGF-VEGFR2 autocrine/paracrine signaling.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	84-88
23639230-8	2013	PTX alters tumor microenvironment by limiting IL-6 secretion and also by disrupting VEGF-VEGFR2 autocrine/paracrine signaling.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	kinase insert domain receptor	Homo sapiens	89-95
23639230-10	2013	These findings identified STAT3 signaling as a target of PTX and have thus, augmented its potential application in the treatment of melanoma and other cancers.	Pentoxifylline	57-60	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Homo sapiens	26-31
23363223-6	2013	Addition of pentoxifylline at the peak of radiation-induced G2/M blocks resulted in a p53-independent reduction in cell survival in all cell lines.	Pentoxifylline	12-26	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	86-89
23363223-9	2013	CONCLUSIONS: These results are at variance with the view that pentoxifylline preferentially sensitizes p53 mutant cells, and that sensitization occurs only when cells are irradiated in the presence of the drug.	Pentoxifylline	62-76	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	103-106
23445492-0	2013	Pentoxifylline and the proteasome inhibitor MG132 induce apoptosis in human leukemia U937 cells through a decrease in the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL and phosphorylation of p65.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	136-141
23926565-0	2013	Effects of L-carnitine and Pentoxifylline on the Activity of Lactate Dehydrogenase C4 isozyme and Motility of Testicular Spermatozoa in Mice.	Pentoxifylline	27-41	lactate dehydrogenase C	Mus musculus	61-85
23926565-5	2013	The aim of this study was to evaluate sperm motility and LDH-C4 enzyme activity upon L-carnitine (LC) and Pentoxifylline (PTX) administrations in mice.	Pentoxifylline	106-120	lactate dehydrogenase C	Mus musculus	57-63
23926565-5	2013	The aim of this study was to evaluate sperm motility and LDH-C4 enzyme activity upon L-carnitine (LC) and Pentoxifylline (PTX) administrations in mice.	Pentoxifylline	122-125	lactate dehydrogenase C	Mus musculus	57-63
23926565-12	2013	LC and PTX administrations showed a significant increase in the LDHC4 enzyme activity of sperm compared to that of the controls after 30 min (P=0.04 and 0.01, respectively).	Pentoxifylline	7-10	lactate dehydrogenase C	Mus musculus	64-69
23926565-13	2013	CONCLUSION: The effects of LC and PTX on motility of sperm can be explained by an increase in LDH-C4 enzyme activity that may influence male fertility status.	Pentoxifylline	34-37	lactate dehydrogenase C	Mus musculus	94-100
23438126-10	2013	Pentoxifylline and oxytetracycline appeared to be the most effective MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibitors, whereas doxycycline and flunixin meglumine were more effective at inhibiting MMP-2 activity than MMP-9 activity.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Equus caballus	69-74
23438126-10	2013	Pentoxifylline and oxytetracycline appeared to be the most effective MMP-2 and MMP-9 inhibitors, whereas doxycycline and flunixin meglumine were more effective at inhibiting MMP-2 activity than MMP-9 activity.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Equus caballus	79-84
23179178-2	2013	Some possible pharmacologic mechanisms of pentoxifylline (PTX) that suggest it as a candidate to ameliorate AKI include interaction at the level of the adenosine receptors, increase in erythrocyte deformability, stimulation of vasodilatory prostaglandins production and prevention of vascular congestion, and suppression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and apoptosis.	Pentoxifylline	42-56	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	324-351
23179178-2	2013	Some possible pharmacologic mechanisms of pentoxifylline (PTX) that suggest it as a candidate to ameliorate AKI include interaction at the level of the adenosine receptors, increase in erythrocyte deformability, stimulation of vasodilatory prostaglandins production and prevention of vascular congestion, and suppression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and apoptosis.	Pentoxifylline	42-56	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	353-362
23179178-2	2013	Some possible pharmacologic mechanisms of pentoxifylline (PTX) that suggest it as a candidate to ameliorate AKI include interaction at the level of the adenosine receptors, increase in erythrocyte deformability, stimulation of vasodilatory prostaglandins production and prevention of vascular congestion, and suppression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and apoptosis.	Pentoxifylline	58-61	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	324-351
23179178-2	2013	Some possible pharmacologic mechanisms of pentoxifylline (PTX) that suggest it as a candidate to ameliorate AKI include interaction at the level of the adenosine receptors, increase in erythrocyte deformability, stimulation of vasodilatory prostaglandins production and prevention of vascular congestion, and suppression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and apoptosis.	Pentoxifylline	58-61	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	353-362
23445492-0	2013	Pentoxifylline and the proteasome inhibitor MG132 induce apoptosis in human leukemia U937 cells through a decrease in the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL and phosphorylation of p65.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	BCL2 like 1	Homo sapiens	146-152
23445492-0	2013	Pentoxifylline and the proteasome inhibitor MG132 induce apoptosis in human leukemia U937 cells through a decrease in the expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL and phosphorylation of p65.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	176-179
23445492-6	2013	The greatest percentage of apoptosis was obtained with a combination of the drugs; likewise, PTX and MG132 induce G1 phase cell cycle arrest and cleavage of caspases -3,-8, -9 and cytochrome c release and mitochondrial membrane potential loss in U937 human leukemia cells.	Pentoxifylline	93-96	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	157-175
23445492-6	2013	The greatest percentage of apoptosis was obtained with a combination of the drugs; likewise, PTX and MG132 induce G1 phase cell cycle arrest and cleavage of caspases -3,-8, -9 and cytochrome c release and mitochondrial membrane potential loss in U937 human leukemia cells.	Pentoxifylline	93-96	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	180-192
23445492-7	2013	In these cells, PTX and the MG132 proteasome inhibitor decrease p65 (NF-kappaB subunit) phosphorylation and the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	64-67
23445492-7	2013	In these cells, PTX and the MG132 proteasome inhibitor decrease p65 (NF-kappaB subunit) phosphorylation and the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	69-78
23445492-7	2013	In these cells, PTX and the MG132 proteasome inhibitor decrease p65 (NF-kappaB subunit) phosphorylation and the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	135-140
23445492-7	2013	In these cells, PTX and the MG132 proteasome inhibitor decrease p65 (NF-kappaB subunit) phosphorylation and the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	BCL2 like 1	Homo sapiens	145-151
23184810-6	2013	Furthermore, we show that pentoxifylline and propentofylline also inhibit JNK and p38, but not ERK, activation induced by TNF.	Pentoxifylline	26-40	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	74-77
23184810-6	2013	Furthermore, we show that pentoxifylline and propentofylline also inhibit JNK and p38, but not ERK, activation induced by TNF.	Pentoxifylline	26-40	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	82-85
23184810-0	2013	Pentoxifylline and propentofylline prevent proliferation and activation of the mammalian target of rapamycin and mitogen activated protein kinase in cultured spinal astrocytes.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase	Homo sapiens	79-108
23184810-6	2013	Furthermore, we show that pentoxifylline and propentofylline also inhibit JNK and p38, but not ERK, activation induced by TNF.	Pentoxifylline	26-40	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	122-125
23184810-7	2013	In addition, the JNK antagonist SP600125, but not the p38 inhibitor SB203580, prevents TNF-induced activation of S6 kinase, suggesting that pentoxifylline and propentofylline may regulate mTORC activity in spinal astrocytes partially through inhibition of the JNK pathway.	Pentoxifylline	140-154	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	17-20
23184810-7	2013	In addition, the JNK antagonist SP600125, but not the p38 inhibitor SB203580, prevents TNF-induced activation of S6 kinase, suggesting that pentoxifylline and propentofylline may regulate mTORC activity in spinal astrocytes partially through inhibition of the JNK pathway.	Pentoxifylline	140-154	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	87-90
23184810-7	2013	In addition, the JNK antagonist SP600125, but not the p38 inhibitor SB203580, prevents TNF-induced activation of S6 kinase, suggesting that pentoxifylline and propentofylline may regulate mTORC activity in spinal astrocytes partially through inhibition of the JNK pathway.	Pentoxifylline	140-154	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Homo sapiens	113-122
23089470-8	2012	Further, Gelatin zymography result reveals that PTX treatment decreases the secretion of MMP2 and MMP9.	Pentoxifylline	48-51	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	89-93
23220163-4	2013	In this study, we evaluate the effect of systemic PTX (25mg/kg bid) on wound healing in 80 diabetic rats (DB) by secondary intention.	Pentoxifylline	50-53	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Rattus norvegicus	63-66
23220163-14	2013	Quantitatively, by day five, PTX reduced expression of MMPs and increased TIMP-1 expression.	Pentoxifylline	29-32	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-80
23635662-0	2013	Effects of losartan and pentoxifylline on renal dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 expression in proteinuric nephropathy.	Pentoxifylline	24-38	dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1	Rattus norvegicus	48-89
23635662-3	2013	The aim of this study is to evaluate the direct effects of losartan and/or pentoxifylline on expression of renal DDAH-1 and its relation to oxidative stress in the setting of albuminuria.	Pentoxifylline	75-89	dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1	Rattus norvegicus	113-119
23635662-4	2013	METHODS: Using NRK52E cells, DDAH-1 mRNA and protein were determined after exposure to albumin with losartan and/or pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	116-130	dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1	Rattus norvegicus	29-35
23635662-6	2013	In addition, the effect of losartan and/or pentoxifylline on renal expression of DDAH-1 and serum ADMA were evaluated in a rat model of proteinuric nephropathy.	Pentoxifylline	43-57	dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1	Rattus norvegicus	81-87
23635662-8	2013	Losartan and pentoxifylline reversed albumin-induced decrease of DDAH-1 mRNA and protein expression and DDAH-1 activity.	Pentoxifylline	13-27	dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-71
23635662-8	2013	Losartan and pentoxifylline reversed albumin-induced decrease of DDAH-1 mRNA and protein expression and DDAH-1 activity.	Pentoxifylline	13-27	dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1	Rattus norvegicus	104-110
23635662-9	2013	The effects of losartan and pentoxifylline on DDAH-1 mRNA were associated with reduction of ROS.	Pentoxifylline	28-42	dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-52
23635662-10	2013	In addition, treatment with losartan and pentoxifylline resulted in an attenuated change of renal DDAH-1 protein expression and serum ADMA levels in vivo.	Pentoxifylline	41-55	dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1	Rattus norvegicus	98-104
23635662-11	2013	CONCLUSION: DDAH-1 was positively regulated by losartan and pentoxifylline with its antioxidative effect in albumin-exposed renal proximal tubular cells.	Pentoxifylline	60-74	dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-18
23635662-12	2013	Combined treatment with losartan and pentoxifylline has a direct beneficial effect on expression of renal DDAH-1, and, thus, at least in part, modulates the circulatory levels of ADMA in proteinuric nephropathy.	Pentoxifylline	37-51	dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1	Rattus norvegicus	106-112
23785234-5	2013	In the pentoxifylline and 7-nitroindazole groups, serum TNF-alpha was reduced relative to the CMS group (18.54 +- 0.85 and 19.16 +- 1.54 vs 26.20 +- 1.83 pg/mL, respectively; P &lt; 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	7-21	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	56-65
23785234-7	2013	7-Nitroindazole and pentoxifylline significantly (P &lt; 0.05) reduced TNF-alpha immunostaining in hippocampus and raphe nuclei, with significant (P &lt; 0.01) reduction of IDO immunostaining in raphe nuclei.	Pentoxifylline	20-34	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	71-80
23785234-7	2013	7-Nitroindazole and pentoxifylline significantly (P &lt; 0.05) reduced TNF-alpha immunostaining in hippocampus and raphe nuclei, with significant (P &lt; 0.01) reduction of IDO immunostaining in raphe nuclei.	Pentoxifylline	20-34	indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	173-176
23089470-8	2012	Further, Gelatin zymography result reveals that PTX treatment decreases the secretion of MMP2 and MMP9.	Pentoxifylline	48-51	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	98-102
25755455-6	2012	RESULTS: Both pentoxifylline and pioglitazone were effective in improving transaminases, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and adiponectin levels significantly.	Pentoxifylline	14-28	adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing	Homo sapiens	122-133
23295601-0	2012	Effects of the administration of pentoxifylline and prednisolone on the evolution of portal fibrogenesis secondary to biliary obstruction in growing animals: immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of TGF-beta and VEGF.	Pentoxifylline	33-47	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	221-225
25755455-6	2012	RESULTS: Both pentoxifylline and pioglitazone were effective in improving transaminases, insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and adiponectin levels significantly.	Pentoxifylline	14-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	89-96
23010849-1	2012	Plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) offers a complimentary measurement approach to traditional GSH-Px activity methods.	Pentoxifylline	35-37	glutathione peroxidase 3	Homo sapiens	0-29
23021793-0	2012	Radiation-induced enteropathy: molecular basis of pentoxifylline-vitamin E anti-fibrotic effect involved TGF-beta1 cascade inhibition.	Pentoxifylline	50-64	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	105-114
23021793-8	2012	In vitro, pentoxifylline and trolox synergize to inhibit TGF-beta1 protein and mRNA expression.	Pentoxifylline	10-24	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	57-66
23021793-10	2012	CONCLUSIONS: The anti-fibrotic effect of combined pentoxifylline-vitamin E is at least in part mediated by inhibition of the TGF-beta1 cascade.	Pentoxifylline	50-64	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	125-134
23010849-1	2012	Plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) offers a complimentary measurement approach to traditional GSH-Px activity methods.	Pentoxifylline	147-149	glutathione peroxidase 3	Homo sapiens	0-29
22664461-7	2012	Treatment of PTX-loaded PAOX particles significantly reduced the activity of alanine transaminase (ALT) and inhibited hepatic cell damages in APAP-intoxicated mice.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	polyamine oxidase (exo-N4-amino)	Mus musculus	24-28
22463742-2	2012	We have recently shown that treatment with the antiinflammatory agent pentoxifylline (PTX) improved in vivo endothelial function and reduced circulating levels of the inflammatory markers vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and interferon-gamma-induced protein (IP-10) in HIV-infected patients.	Pentoxifylline	70-84	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	188-221
22463742-2	2012	We have recently shown that treatment with the antiinflammatory agent pentoxifylline (PTX) improved in vivo endothelial function and reduced circulating levels of the inflammatory markers vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and interferon-gamma-induced protein (IP-10) in HIV-infected patients.	Pentoxifylline	70-84	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	223-229
22463742-2	2012	We have recently shown that treatment with the antiinflammatory agent pentoxifylline (PTX) improved in vivo endothelial function and reduced circulating levels of the inflammatory markers vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and interferon-gamma-induced protein (IP-10) in HIV-infected patients.	Pentoxifylline	70-84	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10	Homo sapiens	235-274
22463742-2	2012	We have recently shown that treatment with the antiinflammatory agent pentoxifylline (PTX) improved in vivo endothelial function and reduced circulating levels of the inflammatory markers vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and interferon-gamma-induced protein (IP-10) in HIV-infected patients.	Pentoxifylline	86-89	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	188-221
22463742-2	2012	We have recently shown that treatment with the antiinflammatory agent pentoxifylline (PTX) improved in vivo endothelial function and reduced circulating levels of the inflammatory markers vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and interferon-gamma-induced protein (IP-10) in HIV-infected patients.	Pentoxifylline	86-89	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	223-229
22463742-2	2012	We have recently shown that treatment with the antiinflammatory agent pentoxifylline (PTX) improved in vivo endothelial function and reduced circulating levels of the inflammatory markers vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and interferon-gamma-induced protein (IP-10) in HIV-infected patients.	Pentoxifylline	86-89	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10	Homo sapiens	235-274
22463742-3	2012	To delineate the mechanisms underlying this therapeutic effect, we tested whether clinically relevant concentrations of PTX suppress VCAM-1 or IP-10 release in cultivated human lung microvascular endothelial cells.	Pentoxifylline	120-123	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	133-139
22463742-3	2012	To delineate the mechanisms underlying this therapeutic effect, we tested whether clinically relevant concentrations of PTX suppress VCAM-1 or IP-10 release in cultivated human lung microvascular endothelial cells.	Pentoxifylline	120-123	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10	Homo sapiens	143-148
22463742-4	2012	Indeed, we found that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced VCAM-1 was reduced with concentrations of PTX in the low nanomolar range, comparable to plasma levels in PTX-treated groups.	Pentoxifylline	106-109	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	22-55
22463742-4	2012	Indeed, we found that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-induced VCAM-1 was reduced with concentrations of PTX in the low nanomolar range, comparable to plasma levels in PTX-treated groups.	Pentoxifylline	106-109	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	64-70
22463742-6	2012	In addition, PTX and a NF-kappaB-specific inhibitor reduced this enhanced VCAM-1 gene induction in microvascular and macrovascular endothelial cells.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	74-80
22841695-14	2012	Importantly, TNF modulators (anti-TNF and pentoxifylline) reduced immobility.	Pentoxifylline	42-56	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	13-16
22664461-7	2012	Treatment of PTX-loaded PAOX particles significantly reduced the activity of alanine transaminase (ALT) and inhibited hepatic cell damages in APAP-intoxicated mice.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble	Mus musculus	77-97
22664461-7	2012	Treatment of PTX-loaded PAOX particles significantly reduced the activity of alanine transaminase (ALT) and inhibited hepatic cell damages in APAP-intoxicated mice.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble	Mus musculus	99-102
22664461-8	2012	The high therapeutic efficacy of PTX-loaded PAOX particles for ALF treatment may be attributed to the unique properties of PAOX particles, which can target passively liver, stimulate cellular uptake and trigger a colloid osmotic disruption of the phagosome to release encapsulated PTX into the cytosol.	Pentoxifylline	33-36	polyamine oxidase (exo-N4-amino)	Mus musculus	44-48
22664461-8	2012	The high therapeutic efficacy of PTX-loaded PAOX particles for ALF treatment may be attributed to the unique properties of PAOX particles, which can target passively liver, stimulate cellular uptake and trigger a colloid osmotic disruption of the phagosome to release encapsulated PTX into the cytosol.	Pentoxifylline	33-36	polyamine oxidase (exo-N4-amino)	Mus musculus	123-127
22664461-8	2012	The high therapeutic efficacy of PTX-loaded PAOX particles for ALF treatment may be attributed to the unique properties of PAOX particles, which can target passively liver, stimulate cellular uptake and trigger a colloid osmotic disruption of the phagosome to release encapsulated PTX into the cytosol.	Pentoxifylline	281-284	polyamine oxidase (exo-N4-amino)	Mus musculus	44-48
22664461-8	2012	The high therapeutic efficacy of PTX-loaded PAOX particles for ALF treatment may be attributed to the unique properties of PAOX particles, which can target passively liver, stimulate cellular uptake and trigger a colloid osmotic disruption of the phagosome to release encapsulated PTX into the cytosol.	Pentoxifylline	281-284	polyamine oxidase (exo-N4-amino)	Mus musculus	123-127
22391294-11	2012	As compared with LR treatment, HTS-PTX resuscitation resulted in a 49% decrease in TNF-alpha, 29% decrease in IL-1beta, and 58% decrease in IL-6 in the shock model at 24h (p&lt;0.05), and the respective decreases were 45, 24, and 35% in the sepsis model (p&lt;0.05).	Pentoxifylline	35-38	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	83-92
22958438-13	2012	Finally, the LPS-promoted long-term pressor response and the reduction in expression of voltage-gated potassium channel, Kv4.3 in RVLM were antagonized by minocycline, NS398, pentoxifylline, or a superoxide dismutase mimetic, tempol, either infused into cisterna magna or microinjected bilaterally into RVLM.	Pentoxifylline	175-189	potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3	Rattus norvegicus	121-126
22345157-0	2012	Pentoxifylline lowers plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 levels in obese individuals: a pilot study.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	22-55
22345157-3	2012	This pilot study tested the hypothesis that TNF-alpha blockade with pentoxifylline lowers PAI-1 and high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) in obese individuals.	Pentoxifylline	68-82	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	44-53
22345157-3	2012	This pilot study tested the hypothesis that TNF-alpha blockade with pentoxifylline lowers PAI-1 and high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) in obese individuals.	Pentoxifylline	68-82	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	90-95
22345157-3	2012	This pilot study tested the hypothesis that TNF-alpha blockade with pentoxifylline lowers PAI-1 and high-sensitivity CRP (hsCRP) in obese individuals.	Pentoxifylline	68-82	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	117-120
22345157-5	2012	A proportional odds model was used to compare the change in PAI-1 and CRP in the pentoxifylline and placebo groups.	Pentoxifylline	81-95	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	60-65
22345157-5	2012	A proportional odds model was used to compare the change in PAI-1 and CRP in the pentoxifylline and placebo groups.	Pentoxifylline	81-95	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	70-73
22345157-8	2012	These findings suggest that these markers of cardiovascular risk are differentially regulated in obesity and that PAI-1 levels can be reduced by pentoxifylline in this population.	Pentoxifylline	145-159	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	114-119
22391294-11	2012	As compared with LR treatment, HTS-PTX resuscitation resulted in a 49% decrease in TNF-alpha, 29% decrease in IL-1beta, and 58% decrease in IL-6 in the shock model at 24h (p&lt;0.05), and the respective decreases were 45, 24, and 35% in the sepsis model (p&lt;0.05).	Pentoxifylline	35-38	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	110-118
22391294-11	2012	As compared with LR treatment, HTS-PTX resuscitation resulted in a 49% decrease in TNF-alpha, 29% decrease in IL-1beta, and 58% decrease in IL-6 in the shock model at 24h (p&lt;0.05), and the respective decreases were 45, 24, and 35% in the sepsis model (p&lt;0.05).	Pentoxifylline	35-38	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	140-144
22760835-6	2012	RESULTS: PTX administration 1 hour after induction of AP caused a significant decrease in peritoneal levels of TNF-alpha and in serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 when compared to the saline group.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	144-148
22760835-6	2012	RESULTS: PTX administration 1 hour after induction of AP caused a significant decrease in peritoneal levels of TNF-alpha and in serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 when compared to the saline group.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	153-158
22760835-6	2012	RESULTS: PTX administration 1 hour after induction of AP caused a significant decrease in peritoneal levels of TNF-alpha and in serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10 when compared to the saline group.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	111-120
22481426-2	2012	The drug pentoxifylline has been shown to blunt the proinflammatory actions of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, a key mediator of dengue hemorrhagic fever.	Pentoxifylline	9-23	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	79-106
22716212-0	2012	Pentoxifylline inhibits hepatic stellate cells proliferation via the Raf/ERK pathway.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	73-76
22716212-1	2012	Pentoxifylline (PTX), which is a xanthine derivative, is a well-known suppressor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production in inflammatory cells and has also been shown to inhibit collagen synthesis in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in vitro.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	84-111
22716212-1	2012	Pentoxifylline (PTX), which is a xanthine derivative, is a well-known suppressor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production in inflammatory cells and has also been shown to inhibit collagen synthesis in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in vitro.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	113-122
22716212-1	2012	Pentoxifylline (PTX), which is a xanthine derivative, is a well-known suppressor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production in inflammatory cells and has also been shown to inhibit collagen synthesis in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in vitro.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	84-111
22716212-1	2012	Pentoxifylline (PTX), which is a xanthine derivative, is a well-known suppressor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production in inflammatory cells and has also been shown to inhibit collagen synthesis in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in vitro.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	113-122
22716212-2	2012	The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of PTX on proliferation in HSCs as mediated by the Raf/MEK/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway.	Pentoxifylline	51-54	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	146-149
22716212-7	2012	In addition, PTX inhibited the phosphorylation of Raf-1 (p-Raf-1) and ERK (p-ERK) in a dose- and time-dependent manner in HSCs.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	RNA polymerase I subunit E	Rattus norvegicus	50-55
22716212-7	2012	In addition, PTX inhibited the phosphorylation of Raf-1 (p-Raf-1) and ERK (p-ERK) in a dose- and time-dependent manner in HSCs.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	RNA polymerase I subunit E	Rattus norvegicus	57-64
22716212-7	2012	In addition, PTX inhibited the phosphorylation of Raf-1 (p-Raf-1) and ERK (p-ERK) in a dose- and time-dependent manner in HSCs.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
22716212-7	2012	In addition, PTX inhibited the phosphorylation of Raf-1 (p-Raf-1) and ERK (p-ERK) in a dose- and time-dependent manner in HSCs.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	75-80
22716212-8	2012	These data provide evidence that PTX suppresses HSC proliferation via the Raf/MEK/ERK pathway.	Pentoxifylline	33-36	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	82-85
22672643-2	2012	Pentoxifylline (PTX) mitigated experimental HPS through the inhibition of TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	74-83
22672643-2	2012	Pentoxifylline (PTX) mitigated experimental HPS through the inhibition of TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	74-83
22672643-3	2012	However, PTX has pleiotropic effects besides the inhibition of TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	63-72
22816029-0	2012	Pentoxifylline improves liver regeneration through down-regulation of TNF-alpha synthesis and TGF-beta1 gene expression.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	70-79
22816029-0	2012	Pentoxifylline improves liver regeneration through down-regulation of TNF-alpha synthesis and TGF-beta1 gene expression.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-103
22816029-8	2012	A decrease in liver TGF-beta1 gene expression and an increase in mitotic index and PCNA after hepatectomy were observed in the PTX treatment group in comparison to the saline group.	Pentoxifylline	127-130	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	20-29
22816029-8	2012	A decrease in liver TGF-beta1 gene expression and an increase in mitotic index and PCNA after hepatectomy were observed in the PTX treatment group in comparison to the saline group.	Pentoxifylline	127-130	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Rattus norvegicus	83-87
22816029-9	2012	CONCLUSION: PTX improves liver regeneration by a mechanism related to down regulation of TNF-alpha production and TGF-beta1 gene expression.	Pentoxifylline	12-15	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	89-98
22816029-9	2012	CONCLUSION: PTX improves liver regeneration by a mechanism related to down regulation of TNF-alpha production and TGF-beta1 gene expression.	Pentoxifylline	12-15	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-123
21999662-0	2012	Pentoxifylline decreases soluble CD40 ligand concentration and CD40 gene expression in coronary artery disease patients.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	CD40 molecule	Homo sapiens	33-37
22884065-0	2012	Pentoxifylline attenuates cigarette smoke-induced overexpression of CXCR3 and IP-10 in mice.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3	Mus musculus	68-73
22884065-0	2012	Pentoxifylline attenuates cigarette smoke-induced overexpression of CXCR3 and IP-10 in mice.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10	Mus musculus	78-83
22884065-3	2012	The aim of this study was to determine if the overexpression of CXCR3 and its ligand interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) that was elicited by smoke exposure were attenuated by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	180-183	chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3	Mus musculus	64-69
22884065-3	2012	The aim of this study was to determine if the overexpression of CXCR3 and its ligand interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) that was elicited by smoke exposure were attenuated by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	180-183	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10	Mus musculus	85-116
22884065-3	2012	The aim of this study was to determine if the overexpression of CXCR3 and its ligand interferon-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) that was elicited by smoke exposure were attenuated by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	180-183	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10	Mus musculus	118-123
22884065-10	2012	RESULTS: Up-regulation of IFN-gamma and IP-10 in the culture medium of macrophages elicited by CSE was inhibited by PTX in a dose-dependent manner.	Pentoxifylline	116-119	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	26-35
22884065-10	2012	RESULTS: Up-regulation of IFN-gamma and IP-10 in the culture medium of macrophages elicited by CSE was inhibited by PTX in a dose-dependent manner.	Pentoxifylline	116-119	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10	Mus musculus	40-45
22884065-12	2012	Administration of PTX decreased the level of IFN-gamma from (6.26 +- 1.38) ng/ml to (4.43 +- 0.66) ng/ml by low dose PTX or to (1.74 +- 0.28) ng/ml by high dose PTX.	Pentoxifylline	18-21	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	45-54
22884065-12	2012	Administration of PTX decreased the level of IFN-gamma from (6.26 +- 1.38) ng/ml to (4.43 +- 0.66) ng/ml by low dose PTX or to (1.74 +- 0.28) ng/ml by high dose PTX.	Pentoxifylline	117-120	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	45-54
22884065-12	2012	Administration of PTX decreased the level of IFN-gamma from (6.26 +- 1.38) ng/ml to (4.43 +- 0.66) ng/ml by low dose PTX or to (1.74 +- 0.28) ng/ml by high dose PTX.	Pentoxifylline	117-120	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	45-54
22884065-13	2012	IP-10 was reduced from (10.35 +- 1.49) ng/ml to (8.19 +- 0.79) ng/ml by low dose PTX or to (7.51 +- 0.60) ng/ml by high dose PTX.	Pentoxifylline	81-84	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10	Mus musculus	0-5
22884065-13	2012	IP-10 was reduced from (10.35 +- 1.49) ng/ml to (8.19 +- 0.79) ng/ml by low dose PTX or to (7.51 +- 0.60) ng/ml by high dose PTX.	Pentoxifylline	125-128	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10	Mus musculus	0-5
22884065-15	2012	But only with a high dose of PTX was the ratio of CXCR3(+) cells decreased; 15.2 +- 7.3 vs. 10.4 +- 1.8 (P &lt; 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	29-32	chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3	Mus musculus	50-55
22884065-16	2012	CONCLUSION: PTX attenuates cigarette smoke-induced overexpression of chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its ligand IP-10, which is relevant to its inhibitory effect on pulmonary emphysema.	Pentoxifylline	12-15	chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 3	Mus musculus	88-93
22884065-16	2012	CONCLUSION: PTX attenuates cigarette smoke-induced overexpression of chemokine receptor CXCR3 and its ligand IP-10, which is relevant to its inhibitory effect on pulmonary emphysema.	Pentoxifylline	12-15	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 10	Mus musculus	109-114
22489651-7	2012	PTX treatment prevented the increase of BAL fluid TNF-alpha, protein concentrations, and OI in the meconium-instilled lungs but had no statistically significant effect.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	50-59
22489651-9	2012	PTX treatment affects the TNF-alpha production in the lungs and it may attenuate meconium-induced derangements.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	26-35
21999662-0	2012	Pentoxifylline decreases soluble CD40 ligand concentration and CD40 gene expression in coronary artery disease patients.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	CD40 molecule	Homo sapiens	63-67
21999662-8	2012	RESULTS: Pentoxifylline decreased CD40 mRNA by 45% (p &lt; 0.05) in PBMCs and sCD40 ligand level in plasma of CAD patients by 34% (p &lt; 0.01).	Pentoxifylline	9-23	CD40 molecule	Homo sapiens	34-38
21999662-9	2012	DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Pentoxifylline treatment can suppress the CD40/CD40 ligand system activation in CAD patients.	Pentoxifylline	27-41	CD40 molecule	Homo sapiens	69-73
21999662-9	2012	DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Pentoxifylline treatment can suppress the CD40/CD40 ligand system activation in CAD patients.	Pentoxifylline	27-41	CD40 molecule	Homo sapiens	74-78
21740407-12	2012	Hepatic activity of carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) increased after pentoxifylline in ob/ob, but not lean, mice.	Pentoxifylline	91-105	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	20-65
23029716-2	2012	Pentoxifylline (PTX), an inhibitor of TNF, has also been shown to decrease short term mortality in SAH.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	38-41
23029716-2	2012	Pentoxifylline (PTX), an inhibitor of TNF, has also been shown to decrease short term mortality in SAH.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	38-41
23029716-10	2012	Significant reduction in urea, creatinine, DF and TNF was noted in PTX group.	Pentoxifylline	67-70	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	50-53
21968012-0	2012	Pentoxifylline decreases serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6 and C-reactive protein in hemodialysis patients: results of a randomized double-blind, controlled clinical trial.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	70-83
21968012-0	2012	Pentoxifylline decreases serum levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6 and C-reactive protein in hemodialysis patients: results of a randomized double-blind, controlled clinical trial.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	88-106
21968012-1	2012	AIM: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of pentoxifylline versus placebo on serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) of hemodialysis (HD) patients.	Pentoxifylline	56-70	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	113-140
21968012-6	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Pentoxifylline significantly decreased serum concentrations of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and CRP compared to placebo.	Pentoxifylline	13-27	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	76-85
21968012-6	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Pentoxifylline significantly decreased serum concentrations of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and CRP compared to placebo.	Pentoxifylline	13-27	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	87-91
21968012-6	2012	CONCLUSIONS: Pentoxifylline significantly decreased serum concentrations of TNF-alpha, IL-6 and CRP compared to placebo.	Pentoxifylline	13-27	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	96-99
22322387-9	2012	PTX treatment increased lung AOE activities including those of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX).	Pentoxifylline	0-3	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	91-99
22322387-9	2012	PTX treatment increased lung AOE activities including those of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX).	Pentoxifylline	0-3	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	101-104
22322387-10	2012	Furthermore, PTX treatment also increased the gene expression of VEGF189 and VEGF165, increased VEGF protein expression, and improved pulmonary vascularization.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	65-69
22101361-11	2012	Moreover, through western blot, we verified that infliximab and pentoxifylline significantly inhibited irinotecan-induced iNOS expression.	Pentoxifylline	64-78	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	122-126
22563259-9	2012	Pretreatment of mice with cilostazol or pentoxifylline further reduced the TNFalpha production in liver.	Pentoxifylline	40-54	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	75-83
22707888-10	2012	PTX significantly decreased mRNA expression of HIF-1alpha and VEGF at 4 and 8 weeks, and decreased HO-1 and GLUT-1 at 4 weeks.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	47-57
22707888-10	2012	PTX significantly decreased mRNA expression of HIF-1alpha and VEGF at 4 and 8 weeks, and decreased HO-1 and GLUT-1 at 4 weeks.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	62-66
22707888-10	2012	PTX significantly decreased mRNA expression of HIF-1alpha and VEGF at 4 and 8 weeks, and decreased HO-1 and GLUT-1 at 4 weeks.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	heme oxygenase 1	Rattus norvegicus	99-103
22707888-10	2012	PTX significantly decreased mRNA expression of HIF-1alpha and VEGF at 4 and 8 weeks, and decreased HO-1 and GLUT-1 at 4 weeks.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	solute carrier family 2 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	108-114
22707888-12	2012	PTX tended to decrease HIF-1alpha protein expression at 8 weeks.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
22300897-8	2012	TRPM2 channels current densities, cytosolic free Ca(2+) content, and lipid peroxidation values in the neurons were higher in H(2)O(2) and BSO + H(2)O(2) group than in controls; however GSH and GSH peroxidase (GSH-Px) values were decreased.	Pentoxifylline	213-215	transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
22311349-2	2012	In the present investigation, the effect of inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) using pentoxifylline or infliximab against hepatic I/R injury induced in rats by 45-min ischemia and 1-h reperfusion was studied.	Pentoxifylline	104-118	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	58-85
22311349-2	2012	In the present investigation, the effect of inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) using pentoxifylline or infliximab against hepatic I/R injury induced in rats by 45-min ischemia and 1-h reperfusion was studied.	Pentoxifylline	104-118	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	87-96
21740407-12	2012	Hepatic activity of carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) increased after pentoxifylline in ob/ob, but not lean, mice.	Pentoxifylline	91-105	MLX interacting protein-like	Mus musculus	67-73
23205044-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Pentoxifylline has anti-inflammatory properties and could suppress some inflammatory processes including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production.	Pentoxifylline	12-26	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	117-144
23205044-0	2012	The effects of pentoxifylline administration on NFKappaB P50 transcription factor expression.	Pentoxifylline	15-29	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	48-56
22094211-6	2012	Hence the role of TNF-alpha inhibitors, such as pentoxifylline, may prove to be become a new clinical pathway.	Pentoxifylline	48-62	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	18-27
23205044-0	2012	The effects of pentoxifylline administration on NFKappaB P50 transcription factor expression.	Pentoxifylline	15-29	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	57-60
23205044-1	2012	BACKGROUND: Pentoxifylline has anti-inflammatory properties and could suppress some inflammatory processes including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production.	Pentoxifylline	12-26	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	146-155
23205044-2	2012	We assessed the effects of a two-month administration of pentoxifylline on nuclear factor-kappa B (NFkappaB) pathways in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) in which inflammatory pathways, especially NFkappaB transcription factors, have a critical role.	Pentoxifylline	57-71	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	75-97
23205044-2	2012	We assessed the effects of a two-month administration of pentoxifylline on nuclear factor-kappa B (NFkappaB) pathways in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) in which inflammatory pathways, especially NFkappaB transcription factors, have a critical role.	Pentoxifylline	57-71	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	99-107
23205044-2	2012	We assessed the effects of a two-month administration of pentoxifylline on nuclear factor-kappa B (NFkappaB) pathways in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) in which inflammatory pathways, especially NFkappaB transcription factors, have a critical role.	Pentoxifylline	57-71	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	208-216
23205044-8	2012	CONCLUSION: Longer pentoxifylline administration is needed to see its favorable effects on NFkappaB family elements.	Pentoxifylline	19-33	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	91-99
23075871-10	2012	The TNF-alpha-lowering agent pentoxifylline may have beneficial effects on NASH.	Pentoxifylline	29-43	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	4-13
22000995-3	2012	We previously found that the combined treatment with oxypurinol - as inhibitor of xanthine oxidase- and pentoxifylline - as inhibitor of TNF-alpha production-restrained local and systemic inflammatory response and decreased mortality in experimental acute pancreatitis.	Pentoxifylline	104-118	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	137-146
22000995-9	2012	Pentoxifylline markedly reduced the expression of Icam1 and iNos induced by TNF-alpha in vitro in AR42J cells.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-55
22000995-9	2012	Pentoxifylline markedly reduced the expression of Icam1 and iNos induced by TNF-alpha in vitro in AR42J cells.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	60-64
22000995-9	2012	Pentoxifylline markedly reduced the expression of Icam1 and iNos induced by TNF-alpha in vitro in AR42J cells.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	76-85
23023149-7	2012	In vitro tests showed that when PTX was released more slowly from crosslinked scaffolds, PTX became more effective in suppressing macrophage cells from releasing IL-6 and TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	32-35	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	162-166
23023149-7	2012	In vitro tests showed that when PTX was released more slowly from crosslinked scaffolds, PTX became more effective in suppressing macrophage cells from releasing IL-6 and TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	32-35	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	171-180
23023149-7	2012	In vitro tests showed that when PTX was released more slowly from crosslinked scaffolds, PTX became more effective in suppressing macrophage cells from releasing IL-6 and TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	89-92	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	162-166
23023149-7	2012	In vitro tests showed that when PTX was released more slowly from crosslinked scaffolds, PTX became more effective in suppressing macrophage cells from releasing IL-6 and TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	89-92	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	171-180
22074157-17	2011	CONCLUSION: PTX sensitizes cervical cancer cells to CIS-induced apoptosis and decreases the CIS-induced senescence in these cells via inhibition of NF-kappaB signaling pathway; diminishes expression of antiapoptotic proteins and the activation of caspases.	Pentoxifylline	12-15	caspase 6	Homo sapiens	247-255
22319522-0	2012	Pentoxifylline attenuates methionine- and choline-deficient-diet-induced steatohepatitis by suppressing TNF-alpha expression and endoplasmic reticulum stress.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	104-113
22319522-6	2012	In real-time PCR and western blotting analysis, PTX decreased MCD-diet-induced TNF-alpha mRNA expression and proapoptotic unfolded protein response by ER stress (GRP78, p-eIF2, ATF4, IRE1alpha, CHOP, and p-JNK activation) in vivo.	Pentoxifylline	48-51	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	79-88
22319522-6	2012	In real-time PCR and western blotting analysis, PTX decreased MCD-diet-induced TNF-alpha mRNA expression and proapoptotic unfolded protein response by ER stress (GRP78, p-eIF2, ATF4, IRE1alpha, CHOP, and p-JNK activation) in vivo.	Pentoxifylline	48-51	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Homo sapiens	162-167
22319522-6	2012	In real-time PCR and western blotting analysis, PTX decreased MCD-diet-induced TNF-alpha mRNA expression and proapoptotic unfolded protein response by ER stress (GRP78, p-eIF2, ATF4, IRE1alpha, CHOP, and p-JNK activation) in vivo.	Pentoxifylline	48-51	activating transcription factor 4	Homo sapiens	177-181
22319522-6	2012	In real-time PCR and western blotting analysis, PTX decreased MCD-diet-induced TNF-alpha mRNA expression and proapoptotic unfolded protein response by ER stress (GRP78, p-eIF2, ATF4, IRE1alpha, CHOP, and p-JNK activation) in vivo.	Pentoxifylline	48-51	endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1	Homo sapiens	183-192
22319522-6	2012	In real-time PCR and western blotting analysis, PTX decreased MCD-diet-induced TNF-alpha mRNA expression and proapoptotic unfolded protein response by ER stress (GRP78, p-eIF2, ATF4, IRE1alpha, CHOP, and p-JNK activation) in vivo.	Pentoxifylline	48-51	DNA damage inducible transcript 3	Homo sapiens	194-198
22319522-7	2012	PTX (1 mM) reduced TNF-alpha-induced activation of GRP78, p-eIF2, ATF4, IRE1alpha, and CHOP in vitro.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	19-28
22319522-7	2012	PTX (1 mM) reduced TNF-alpha-induced activation of GRP78, p-eIF2, ATF4, IRE1alpha, and CHOP in vitro.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5	Homo sapiens	51-56
22319522-7	2012	PTX (1 mM) reduced TNF-alpha-induced activation of GRP78, p-eIF2, ATF4, IRE1alpha, and CHOP in vitro.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	activating transcription factor 4	Homo sapiens	66-70
22319522-7	2012	PTX (1 mM) reduced TNF-alpha-induced activation of GRP78, p-eIF2, ATF4, IRE1alpha, and CHOP in vitro.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1	Homo sapiens	72-81
22319522-7	2012	PTX (1 mM) reduced TNF-alpha-induced activation of GRP78, p-eIF2, ATF4, IRE1alpha, and CHOP in vitro.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	DNA damage inducible transcript 3	Homo sapiens	87-91
22319522-8	2012	CONCLUSION: PTX has beneficial roles in the development of MCD-diet-induced steatohepatitis through partial suppression of TNF-alpha and ER stress.	Pentoxifylline	12-15	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	123-132
22312258-2	2012	In this study, we investigated the mechanisms involved in the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on P-gp-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) in mouse leukemia L1210/VCR cells.	Pentoxifylline	73-87	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	97-101
22312258-2	2012	In this study, we investigated the mechanisms involved in the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on P-gp-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) in mouse leukemia L1210/VCR cells.	Pentoxifylline	89-92	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	97-101
22312258-5	2012	Western blot analysis indicated a downregulation of P-gp protein expression when multidrug-resistant L1210/VCR cells were exposed to PTX.	Pentoxifylline	133-136	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	52-56
21725843-10	2011	The PTX impeded the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells and also decreased the activities of both MMP-2 and MMP-9.	Pentoxifylline	4-7	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Homo sapiens	92-97
21725843-10	2011	The PTX impeded the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells and also decreased the activities of both MMP-2 and MMP-9.	Pentoxifylline	4-7	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	102-107
22074157-0	2011	Pentoxifylline sensitizes human cervical tumor cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis by suppressing NF-kappa B and decreased cell senescence.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	99-109
22074157-17	2011	CONCLUSION: PTX sensitizes cervical cancer cells to CIS-induced apoptosis and decreases the CIS-induced senescence in these cells via inhibition of NF-kappaB signaling pathway; diminishes expression of antiapoptotic proteins and the activation of caspases.	Pentoxifylline	12-15	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	148-157
23697217-2	2012	Pentoxifylline (PTX) has strong antyinflamatory effects, decreases TNF-alpha and other proinflammatory cytokines production.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	67-76
23697217-2	2012	Pentoxifylline (PTX) has strong antyinflamatory effects, decreases TNF-alpha and other proinflammatory cytokines production.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	67-76
22312258-6	2012	The effects of PTX on the sensitization of L1210/VCR cells to VCR correlate with the stimulation of apoptosis detected by Annexin V/propidium iodide apoptosis necrosis kit and proteolytic activation of both caspase-3 and caspase-9 monitored by Western blot analysis.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	annexin A5	Mus musculus	122-131
22312258-6	2012	The effects of PTX on the sensitization of L1210/VCR cells to VCR correlate with the stimulation of apoptosis detected by Annexin V/propidium iodide apoptosis necrosis kit and proteolytic activation of both caspase-3 and caspase-9 monitored by Western blot analysis.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	caspase 3	Mus musculus	207-216
22312258-6	2012	The effects of PTX on the sensitization of L1210/VCR cells to VCR correlate with the stimulation of apoptosis detected by Annexin V/propidium iodide apoptosis necrosis kit and proteolytic activation of both caspase-3 and caspase-9 monitored by Western blot analysis.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	caspase 9	Mus musculus	221-230
22312258-7	2012	Higher release of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), especially MMP-2, which could be attenuated by PTX, was found in L1210/VCR than in L1210 cells by gelatin zymography in electrophoretic gel.	Pentoxifylline	99-102	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	45-49
22312258-7	2012	Higher release of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), especially MMP-2, which could be attenuated by PTX, was found in L1210/VCR than in L1210 cells by gelatin zymography in electrophoretic gel.	Pentoxifylline	99-102	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	63-68
22312258-10	2012	Taken together, we conclude that PTX induces the sensitization of multidrug-resistant cells to VCR via downregulation of P-gp, stimulation of apoptosis and reduction of MMPs released from drug-resistant L1210/VCR cells.	Pentoxifylline	33-36	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	121-125
22312258-10	2012	Taken together, we conclude that PTX induces the sensitization of multidrug-resistant cells to VCR via downregulation of P-gp, stimulation of apoptosis and reduction of MMPs released from drug-resistant L1210/VCR cells.	Pentoxifylline	33-36	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Mus musculus	169-173
21971020-11	2011	PTX reduced plasma IL-1beta concentrations in both sham and MI rats.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	19-27
21976268-4	2011	Both AG and PTX decreased the elevated serum TNF-alpha levels, the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) and cardiac myeloperoxidase (MPO).	Pentoxifylline	12-15	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	45-54
21976268-4	2011	Both AG and PTX decreased the elevated serum TNF-alpha levels, the activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK) and cardiac myeloperoxidase (MPO).	Pentoxifylline	12-15	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	160-163
22011961-5	2011	The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of pentoxifylline, forskolin, rolipram, and thalidomide to decrease in vitro production of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in cells of HTLV-1-infected subjects.	Pentoxifylline	53-67	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	141-150
22011961-5	2011	The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of pentoxifylline, forskolin, rolipram, and thalidomide to decrease in vitro production of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in cells of HTLV-1-infected subjects.	Pentoxifylline	53-67	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	155-164
22011961-8	2011	Pentoxifylline inhibited TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma synthesis with the minimum dose used (50 microM).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	25-34
22011961-8	2011	Pentoxifylline inhibited TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma synthesis with the minimum dose used (50 microM).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	39-48
22013722-3	2011	We hypothesized that pentoxifylline may affords renal protection by downregulating TNF-alpha as well as by improving cellular anti-oxidant activity.	Pentoxifylline	21-35	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	83-92
21848916-0	2011	Pentoxifylline to avoid radiation-induced cardiotoxicity: from NF-kappaB to beyond--a reply to M. Halle and P. Hall and P. Tornvall.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	63-72
21279976-2	2011	The purpose of this randomized, controlled, comparative, blinded study was to evaluate the effectiveness of adding pentoxifylline as an anti-TNF-a drug to the well-documented therapy of steroids and cyclophosphamide in controlling OCP.	Pentoxifylline	115-129	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	141-146
21279976-12	2011	The study illustrates that the addition of pentoxifylline to pulse steroid cyclophosphamide therapy is an effective, safe, and economical method in controlling OCP through directly reducing TNF-a levels, with long periods of remission as detected in our 18-month follow-up period.	Pentoxifylline	43-57	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	190-195
21800096-10	2011	Notably, in vitro incubation with TNF-alpha (1 ng/ml(-1)) increased contractility to PE and decreased relaxation to ACh while concomitant PTX (1 mM) incubation partially restored response to ACh but not to PE.	Pentoxifylline	138-141	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	34-43
21800096-12	2011	In conclusion, PTX protects from the impairment in vascular reactivity in insulin resistance, by a mechanism involving TNF-alpha inhibition.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	insulin	Homo sapiens	74-81
21800096-0	2011	Pentoxifylline alleviates vascular impairment in insulin resistance via TNF-alpha inhibition.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	72-81
21800096-12	2011	In conclusion, PTX protects from the impairment in vascular reactivity in insulin resistance, by a mechanism involving TNF-alpha inhibition.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	119-128
21800096-8	2011	PTX inhibited insulin resistance and prevented TNF-alpha elevation, leukocyte infiltration and endothelial pyknosis.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	insulin	Homo sapiens	14-21
21693435-6	2011	Dibutyryl cAMP and/or phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PIs; pentoxifylline or theophylline) increase Rap1B activation, B-Raf kinase activity, and cytosolic p27/cyclin D1 protein levels in QTRRE cells.	Pentoxifylline	57-71	RAP1B, member of RAS oncogene family	Rattus norvegicus	98-103
21800096-8	2011	PTX inhibited insulin resistance and prevented TNF-alpha elevation, leukocyte infiltration and endothelial pyknosis.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	47-56
21693435-6	2011	Dibutyryl cAMP and/or phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PIs; pentoxifylline or theophylline) increase Rap1B activation, B-Raf kinase activity, and cytosolic p27/cyclin D1 protein levels in QTRRE cells.	Pentoxifylline	57-71	Braf transforming gene	Mus musculus	116-121
21693435-6	2011	Dibutyryl cAMP and/or phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PIs; pentoxifylline or theophylline) increase Rap1B activation, B-Raf kinase activity, and cytosolic p27/cyclin D1 protein levels in QTRRE cells.	Pentoxifylline	57-71	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B	Mus musculus	153-156
21693435-6	2011	Dibutyryl cAMP and/or phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PIs; pentoxifylline or theophylline) increase Rap1B activation, B-Raf kinase activity, and cytosolic p27/cyclin D1 protein levels in QTRRE cells.	Pentoxifylline	57-71	cyclin D1	Mus musculus	157-166
21219888-0	2011	Pentoxifylline attenuates TNF-alpha protein levels and brain edema following temporary focal cerebral ischemia in rats.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	26-35
21549113-12	2011	Pentoxifylline led to a decrease in serum TNF-alpha level, however, pioglitazone and melatonin reduced serum total cholesterol and triglycerides.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	42-51
21600945-7	2011	TPM-increased B1R mRNA was prevented by co-treatments with N-acetyl-l-cysteine (potent antioxidant), diphenyleneiodonium (NADPH oxidase inhibitor), IL-1Ra (interleukin-1R antagonist) and SN-50 (specific inhibitor of NF-kB activation) but not by pentoxifylline (TNF-alpha release inhibitor), indomethacin and niflumic acid (COX-1 and -2 inhibitors).	Pentoxifylline	245-259	bradykinin receptor B1	Homo sapiens	14-17
21477300-1	2011	BACKGROUND: As an anti-TNF agent that targets inflammatory process directly, Pentoxifylline has been investigated for treatment of NASH in individual studies and pilot trials for years.	Pentoxifylline	77-91	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	23-26
21477300-5	2011	RESULTS: Pentoxifylline-treated patients showed a significant decrease AST (n=37, P=0.01) and ALT (n=50, P=0.03), but no significant effect on IL-6 (n=36, P=0.33) and TNF-alpha (n=68, P=0.26) compared with Placebo or UDCA-controlled groups.	Pentoxifylline	9-23	solute carrier family 17 member 5	Homo sapiens	71-74
21477300-5	2011	RESULTS: Pentoxifylline-treated patients showed a significant decrease AST (n=37, P=0.01) and ALT (n=50, P=0.03), but no significant effect on IL-6 (n=36, P=0.33) and TNF-alpha (n=68, P=0.26) compared with Placebo or UDCA-controlled groups.	Pentoxifylline	9-23	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	167-176
21477300-9	2011	CONCLUSION: Pentoxifylline reduce AST and ALT levels and may improve liver histological scores in patients with NALFD/NASH, but did not appear to affect cytokines.	Pentoxifylline	12-26	solute carrier family 17 member 5	Homo sapiens	34-37
21219888-10	2011	Moreover, PTX significantly reduced the concentration of TNF-alpha in ischemic brain cortex up to 4h post-transient focal stroke (P&lt;0.002).	Pentoxifylline	10-13	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	57-66
21219888-13	2011	The beneficial effects of PTX may be mediated, at least in part, through a decline in TNF-alpha production and BBB breakdown.	Pentoxifylline	26-29	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	86-95
21563650-3	2011	Papaverine, a myorelaxant and vasodilatator, and pentoxiphylline, a hemorrheologic agent are used for microcirculation disorders and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a stimulator of angiogenesis.	Pentoxifylline	49-64	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	133-167
21563650-3	2011	Papaverine, a myorelaxant and vasodilatator, and pentoxiphylline, a hemorrheologic agent are used for microcirculation disorders and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a stimulator of angiogenesis.	Pentoxifylline	49-64	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	169-173
21563650-10	2011	In group 3, VEGF levels were significantly higher showing that the hypoxic stimulus continued without any treatment and in Group 4, significantly lower than Group 3 related to the inhibition of pentoxiphylline.	Pentoxifylline	194-209	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	12-16
21563650-14	2011	Although the antioxidant effect of pentoxiphylline in ischemia reperfusion injury may be benefical in treatment, its inhibition of VEGF is a disadvantage in wound healing.	Pentoxifylline	35-50	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	131-135
21691116-3	2011	Animal models suggest a link between bacterial overgrowth, lipopolysaccharides from the bacterial cell walls and stimulation of endogenous TNF formation which can be inhibited by pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	179-193	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	139-142
21388273-8	2011	GT3 and GT3+PTX increased bone marrow plasma G-CSF levels as well as the availability of IL-1alpha, IL-6 and IL-9 in the early postirradiation phase.	Pentoxifylline	12-15	peripheral blood stem cell response to granulocyte colony stimulating factor 1	Mus musculus	45-50
21388273-8	2011	GT3 and GT3+PTX increased bone marrow plasma G-CSF levels as well as the availability of IL-1alpha, IL-6 and IL-9 in the early postirradiation phase.	Pentoxifylline	12-15	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	89-98
21388273-8	2011	GT3 and GT3+PTX increased bone marrow plasma G-CSF levels as well as the availability of IL-1alpha, IL-6 and IL-9 in the early postirradiation phase.	Pentoxifylline	12-15	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	100-104
21388273-8	2011	GT3 and GT3+PTX increased bone marrow plasma G-CSF levels as well as the availability of IL-1alpha, IL-6 and IL-9 in the early postirradiation phase.	Pentoxifylline	12-15	interleukin 9	Mus musculus	109-113
20073999-3	2011	OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy of sulfasalazine and pentoxifylline, which have TNF antagonizing and anti-proliferative action in the treatment of psoriasis.	Pentoxifylline	55-69	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	82-85
21247431-0	2011	Effect of pentoxifylline on preventing acute kidney injury after cardiac surgery by measuring urinary neutrophil gelatinase - associated lipocalin.	Pentoxifylline	10-24	lipocalin 2	Homo sapiens	102-146
21176151-10	2010	TNF levels were lower in children receiving PTX.	Pentoxifylline	44-47	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	0-3
20804743-0	2010	Pentoxifylline augments TRAIL/Apo2L mediated apoptosis in cutaneous T cell lymphoma (HuT-78 and MyLa) by modulating the expression of antiapoptotic proteins and death receptors.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	TNF superfamily member 10	Homo sapiens	24-29
20804743-6	2010	PTX induces the expression of death receptors DR4 and DR5 on cell surface of both the cell types where c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway plays an important role.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	130-133
20804743-0	2010	Pentoxifylline augments TRAIL/Apo2L mediated apoptosis in cutaneous T cell lymphoma (HuT-78 and MyLa) by modulating the expression of antiapoptotic proteins and death receptors.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	TNF superfamily member 10	Homo sapiens	30-35
20804743-2	2010	Here, we report that pentoxifylline (PTX), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, augments TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in HuT-78 and MyLa cells through modulating extrinsic death receptors and intrinsic mitochondria dependent pathways.	Pentoxifylline	21-35	TNF superfamily member 10	Homo sapiens	83-88
20804743-7	2010	Moreover, combined silencing of DR4 and DR5 by small interfering RNA abrogates the ability of PTX to induce TRAIL-mediated apoptosis.	Pentoxifylline	94-97	TNF receptor superfamily member 10a	Homo sapiens	32-35
20804743-7	2010	Moreover, combined silencing of DR4 and DR5 by small interfering RNA abrogates the ability of PTX to induce TRAIL-mediated apoptosis.	Pentoxifylline	94-97	TNF receptor superfamily member 10b	Homo sapiens	40-43
20804743-2	2010	Here, we report that pentoxifylline (PTX), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, augments TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in HuT-78 and MyLa cells through modulating extrinsic death receptors and intrinsic mitochondria dependent pathways.	Pentoxifylline	37-40	TNF superfamily member 10	Homo sapiens	83-88
20804743-7	2010	Moreover, combined silencing of DR4 and DR5 by small interfering RNA abrogates the ability of PTX to induce TRAIL-mediated apoptosis.	Pentoxifylline	94-97	TNF superfamily member 10	Homo sapiens	108-113
20804743-3	2010	Our results clearly show that PTX augments TRAIL-mediated activation of caspase-8 and induces cleavage of Bid, although PTX alone cannot activate caspase-8.	Pentoxifylline	30-33	TNF superfamily member 10	Homo sapiens	43-48
20804743-8	2010	Thus, this is the first demonstration that PTX can potentiate TRAIL-mediated apoptosis through downregulation of cell survival gene products and upregulation of death receptors.	Pentoxifylline	43-46	TNF superfamily member 10	Homo sapiens	62-67
20804743-3	2010	Our results clearly show that PTX augments TRAIL-mediated activation of caspase-8 and induces cleavage of Bid, although PTX alone cannot activate caspase-8.	Pentoxifylline	30-33	caspase 8	Homo sapiens	72-81
20804743-3	2010	Our results clearly show that PTX augments TRAIL-mediated activation of caspase-8 and induces cleavage of Bid, although PTX alone cannot activate caspase-8.	Pentoxifylline	30-33	BH3 interacting domain death agonist	Homo sapiens	106-109
20804743-6	2010	PTX induces the expression of death receptors DR4 and DR5 on cell surface of both the cell types where c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway plays an important role.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	TNF receptor superfamily member 10a	Homo sapiens	46-49
20804743-6	2010	PTX induces the expression of death receptors DR4 and DR5 on cell surface of both the cell types where c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway plays an important role.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	TNF receptor superfamily member 10b	Homo sapiens	54-57
20804743-6	2010	PTX induces the expression of death receptors DR4 and DR5 on cell surface of both the cell types where c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway plays an important role.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Homo sapiens	103-128
21135513-8	2010	PVN infusion of pentoxifylline or etanercept attenuated the decreases in PVN GABA, nNOS and GAD67, and the increases in RSNA and PVN glutamate, norepinephrine, TH and AT1-R observed in HF rats.	Pentoxifylline	16-30	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-87
20573453-8	2010	RESULTS: PTX substantially suppressed the burn-induced surge in the levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 in the rat-brain tissues.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	78-87
20573453-8	2010	RESULTS: PTX substantially suppressed the burn-induced surge in the levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 in the rat-brain tissues.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	89-97
20573453-8	2010	RESULTS: PTX substantially suppressed the burn-induced surge in the levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 in the rat-brain tissues.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	103-107
21135513-8	2010	PVN infusion of pentoxifylline or etanercept attenuated the decreases in PVN GABA, nNOS and GAD67, and the increases in RSNA and PVN glutamate, norepinephrine, TH and AT1-R observed in HF rats.	Pentoxifylline	16-30	glutamate decarboxylase 1	Rattus norvegicus	92-97
21135513-8	2010	PVN infusion of pentoxifylline or etanercept attenuated the decreases in PVN GABA, nNOS and GAD67, and the increases in RSNA and PVN glutamate, norepinephrine, TH and AT1-R observed in HF rats.	Pentoxifylline	16-30	angiotensin II receptor, type 1a	Rattus norvegicus	167-172
21037437-2	2010	BACKGROUND: Recent experimental data suggest that PTX, a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha inhibitor, enhances liver regeneration and reduces ischemic injury through activation of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling pathway.	Pentoxifylline	50-53	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	184-197
20466503-4	2010	An efficient stability indicating liquid chromatographic separation method was developed for pentoxifylline and its three degradation products (including two from base hydrolysis) using 1.8 microm, C18 reverse phase column and UHPLC.	Pentoxifylline	93-107	Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9	Homo sapiens	198-201
21037437-2	2010	BACKGROUND: Recent experimental data suggest that PTX, a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha inhibitor, enhances liver regeneration and reduces ischemic injury through activation of the interleukin-6 (IL-6) signaling pathway.	Pentoxifylline	50-53	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	199-203
21037437-10	2010	There was a 3.6-fold stronger induction of IL-6 mRNA for the PTX group (P &lt; 0.001).	Pentoxifylline	61-64	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	43-47
21037437-11	2010	Postoperative alanine aminotransferase (AST) levels were significantly decreased for the PTX group on the second postoperative day (442 vs 585 U/L, P = 0.025).	Pentoxifylline	89-92	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	14-38
21037437-11	2010	Postoperative alanine aminotransferase (AST) levels were significantly decreased for the PTX group on the second postoperative day (442 vs 585 U/L, P = 0.025).	Pentoxifylline	89-92	solute carrier family 17 member 5	Homo sapiens	40-43
21037437-15	2010	The study demonstrates beneficial effects of PTX on regeneration of small remnant livers (RLBW ratio &lt;= 1.2%) that seems to be mediated by IL-6.	Pentoxifylline	45-48	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	142-146
20835270-0	2010	Pentoxifylline alleviates high-fat diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and early atherosclerosis in rats by inhibiting AGE and RAGE expression.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	MOK protein kinase	Rattus norvegicus	134-138
20835270-9	2010	PTX treatment in NASH rats resulted in a decrease in AGE and RAGE protein levels in the liver and arteries compared with those in the NASH group.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	MOK protein kinase	Rattus norvegicus	61-65
20835270-12	2010	PTX showed protective effects on hepatic and arterial function, partially through inhibition of AGE and RAGE expression.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	MOK protein kinase	Rattus norvegicus	104-108
21034654-10	2010	CONCLUSIONS: PTX mediated transformation of pulmonary emphysema into pulmonary fibrosis under chronic cigarette smoke exposure is associated with upregulation of beta-catenin and elevation of TGF-beta(1), implying that activation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling may be involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Mus musculus	237-249
20817945-5	2010	In our previous paper we showed that some xanthine derivatives (pentoxifylline and its derivatives) depress P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediated multidrug resistance of the mouse leukemic cells.	Pentoxifylline	64-78	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	108-122
21034654-0	2010	Effects of pentoxifylline on Wnt/beta-catenin signaling in mice chronically exposed to cigarette smoke.	Pentoxifylline	11-25	catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Mus musculus	33-45
21034654-1	2010	BACKGROUND: Previous discovery that long-term administration of pentoxifylline (PTX) to mice chronically exposed to smoke led to the development of pulmonary fibrosis rather than emphysema initiated our curiosity on whether the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, a set of signaling proteins essential to organ development and lung morphogenesis in particular were activated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.	Pentoxifylline	64-78	catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Mus musculus	232-244
21034654-1	2010	BACKGROUND: Previous discovery that long-term administration of pentoxifylline (PTX) to mice chronically exposed to smoke led to the development of pulmonary fibrosis rather than emphysema initiated our curiosity on whether the Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, a set of signaling proteins essential to organ development and lung morphogenesis in particular were activated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.	Pentoxifylline	80-83	catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Mus musculus	232-244
21034654-7	2010	The upregulation of beta-catenin measured either by counting the cell with positive staining in microscopic field (17.4 +- 7.9 vs. 9.9 +- 2.9 in Group Sm, P &lt; 0.05) or by estimation of the proportion of blue-stained area by Masson"s trichrome (11.8 +- 5.6 vs. 4.7 +- 2.4 in Group Sm) in Group SM + PTX was much more noticeable as than those in Group Sm.	Pentoxifylline	301-304	catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Mus musculus	20-32
21034654-10	2010	CONCLUSIONS: PTX mediated transformation of pulmonary emphysema into pulmonary fibrosis under chronic cigarette smoke exposure is associated with upregulation of beta-catenin and elevation of TGF-beta(1), implying that activation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling may be involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1	Mus musculus	162-174
21034654-10	2010	CONCLUSIONS: PTX mediated transformation of pulmonary emphysema into pulmonary fibrosis under chronic cigarette smoke exposure is associated with upregulation of beta-catenin and elevation of TGF-beta(1), implying that activation of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling may be involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	192-203
20194575-9	2010	The changes in CAT, LPO, GPx, and GSH/GSSG were restored by PTX and AT.	Pentoxifylline	60-63	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	15-18
20194575-10	2010	In plasma samples, malathion increased CAT, Cu/ZnSOD, and GPx activities, increased LPO, and decreased GSH/GSSG, while PTX and AT attenuated malathion-induced changes in GPx, Cu/ZnSOD, LPO, and GSH/GSSG.	Pentoxifylline	119-122	superoxide dismutase 1	Rattus norvegicus	175-183
20637817-7	2010	IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra, 2 ng/ml) significantly blocked B(1)R gene induction by TPM, while 500 muM pentoxifylline, TNF-alpha inhibitor, reduced it partially.	Pentoxifylline	108-122	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	124-133
29147206-11	2010	Results: Immunofluorescence studies showed that PTX treatment caused a redistribution of alpha5 integrins from the plasma membrane to a perinuclear compartment where it colocalized with Transferrin receptor and Rab-11 GTPase.	Pentoxifylline	48-51	transferrin	Mus musculus	186-197
20799759-7	2010	As a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, pentoxifylline downregulates pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interferon-gamma.	Pentoxifylline	34-48	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	98-125
20799759-7	2010	As a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, pentoxifylline downregulates pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interferon-gamma.	Pentoxifylline	34-48	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	127-140
20799759-7	2010	As a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, pentoxifylline downregulates pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and interferon-gamma.	Pentoxifylline	34-48	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	146-162
20817945-5	2010	In our previous paper we showed that some xanthine derivatives (pentoxifylline and its derivatives) depress P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediated multidrug resistance of the mouse leukemic cells.	Pentoxifylline	64-78	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	124-128
20370329-7	2010	In vitro tests showed that, with the reduction of PTX release rates, PTX became more effective in inhibiting TNF-alpha and IL-6 production from activated macrophages.	Pentoxifylline	50-53	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	109-118
20478670-6	2010	The catalase (CAT) activity was higher in the extender supplemented with ascorbic acid at 4.5 mg/ml, when compared with other groups (P&lt;0.05) and the extender supplemented with ascorbic acid significantly decreased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, whereas reduced glutathione (GSH) activities were significantly enhanced, compared with the control (P&lt;0.05).	Pentoxifylline	246-248	catalase	Bos taurus	4-12
20478670-6	2010	The catalase (CAT) activity was higher in the extender supplemented with ascorbic acid at 4.5 mg/ml, when compared with other groups (P&lt;0.05) and the extender supplemented with ascorbic acid significantly decreased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, whereas reduced glutathione (GSH) activities were significantly enhanced, compared with the control (P&lt;0.05).	Pentoxifylline	246-248	catalase	Bos taurus	14-17
20569121-0	2010	Pentoxifylline inhibits intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and lung injury in experimental phosgene-exposure rats.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	24-57
20569121-0	2010	Pentoxifylline inhibits intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and lung injury in experimental phosgene-exposure rats.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-65
20569121-4	2010	We hypothesized that pentoxifylline (PTX), an inhibitor of leukocyte activation, would have a protective effect on experimental phosgene-induced lung injury rats by inhibiting ICAM-1.	Pentoxifylline	21-35	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	176-182
20569121-4	2010	We hypothesized that pentoxifylline (PTX), an inhibitor of leukocyte activation, would have a protective effect on experimental phosgene-induced lung injury rats by inhibiting ICAM-1.	Pentoxifylline	37-40	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	176-182
20569121-9	2010	These data supported our hypothesis that PTX reduced phosgene-induced lung injury, possibly by inhibiting ICAM-1 differential expression.	Pentoxifylline	41-44	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	106-112
20649577-11	2010	Intrathecal pentoxifylline blunted PGE(2) and TNF release, while i.t.	Pentoxifylline	12-26	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	46-49
20370329-7	2010	In vitro tests showed that, with the reduction of PTX release rates, PTX became more effective in inhibiting TNF-alpha and IL-6 production from activated macrophages.	Pentoxifylline	50-53	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	123-127
20370329-7	2010	In vitro tests showed that, with the reduction of PTX release rates, PTX became more effective in inhibiting TNF-alpha and IL-6 production from activated macrophages.	Pentoxifylline	69-72	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	109-118
20370329-7	2010	In vitro tests showed that, with the reduction of PTX release rates, PTX became more effective in inhibiting TNF-alpha and IL-6 production from activated macrophages.	Pentoxifylline	69-72	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	123-127
19921414-6	2010	PTX administration ameliorated the urinary MCP-1 excretion and interstitial infiltration of ED-1 positive cells at 4 weeks.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Rattus norvegicus	43-48
19997047-4	2010	As PTX amplifies signaling pathways downstream of Gs protein-coupled receptors, the A2AR-signaling pathway might be involved in the mediation of immune-suppressive effects of PTX.	Pentoxifylline	3-6	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	84-88
19997047-4	2010	As PTX amplifies signaling pathways downstream of Gs protein-coupled receptors, the A2AR-signaling pathway might be involved in the mediation of immune-suppressive effects of PTX.	Pentoxifylline	175-178	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	84-88
19997047-8	2010	Inhibition of interferon gamma and TNF-alpha production increased from 7% (+/-1%) and 31% (+/-6%) (PTX alone) to 49% (+/-2%) and 69% (+/-6%), respectively.	Pentoxifylline	99-102	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	14-30
19997047-8	2010	Inhibition of interferon gamma and TNF-alpha production increased from 7% (+/-1%) and 31% (+/-6%) (PTX alone) to 49% (+/-2%) and 69% (+/-6%), respectively.	Pentoxifylline	99-102	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	35-44
19997047-9	2010	In T cells and PMN leukocytes, mRNA transcription of the A2AR was significantly increased upon stimulation, which was not influenced by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	136-139	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	57-61
20144589-7	2010	The use of insulin, combinations of insulin and pentoxifylline or simvastatin resulted in a significant decrease in gastric ulcer area, significant increase in epithelial regeneration assessed histologically, significant increase in gastric VEGF concentration, and gastric von Willebrand factor (vWF) as well as significant decrease in gastric TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	48-62	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	241-245
20144589-7	2010	The use of insulin, combinations of insulin and pentoxifylline or simvastatin resulted in a significant decrease in gastric ulcer area, significant increase in epithelial regeneration assessed histologically, significant increase in gastric VEGF concentration, and gastric von Willebrand factor (vWF) as well as significant decrease in gastric TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	48-62	von Willebrand factor	Rattus norvegicus	273-294
20144589-7	2010	The use of insulin, combinations of insulin and pentoxifylline or simvastatin resulted in a significant decrease in gastric ulcer area, significant increase in epithelial regeneration assessed histologically, significant increase in gastric VEGF concentration, and gastric von Willebrand factor (vWF) as well as significant decrease in gastric TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	48-62	von Willebrand factor	Rattus norvegicus	296-299
20144589-7	2010	The use of insulin, combinations of insulin and pentoxifylline or simvastatin resulted in a significant decrease in gastric ulcer area, significant increase in epithelial regeneration assessed histologically, significant increase in gastric VEGF concentration, and gastric von Willebrand factor (vWF) as well as significant decrease in gastric TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	48-62	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	344-353
20144589-8	2010	A significant difference in gastric ulcer area as well as in gastric TNF-alpha, VEGF and vWF levels could be observed between rats that received combinations of insulin and pentoxifylline or simvastatin compared to rats that received either drug alone.	Pentoxifylline	173-187	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	80-84
20144589-8	2010	A significant difference in gastric ulcer area as well as in gastric TNF-alpha, VEGF and vWF levels could be observed between rats that received combinations of insulin and pentoxifylline or simvastatin compared to rats that received either drug alone.	Pentoxifylline	173-187	von Willebrand factor	Rattus norvegicus	89-92
20559042-2	2010	Pentoxifylline significantly reduced circulating levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and interferon-gamma-induced protein and significantly improved endothelial function during the 8-week trial.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	59-92
20559042-2	2010	Pentoxifylline significantly reduced circulating levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and interferon-gamma-induced protein and significantly improved endothelial function during the 8-week trial.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	97-113
20361855-10	2010	Treatment with phosphodiesterase inhibitors, such as pentoxifylline, in the very early stage of the disease prevents the loss of pancreatic PP2A activity abrogating the recruitment of histone acetyltransfereases to the promoters of pro-inflammatory genes and their up-regulation.	Pentoxifylline	53-67	protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator	Homo sapiens	140-144
20384945-0	2010	Pentoxifylline attenuates transforming growth factor-beta1-stimulated elastogenesis in human tunica albuginea-derived fibroblasts part 2: Interference in a TGF-beta1/Smad-dependent mechanism and downregulation of AAT1.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	26-58
20191310-9	2010	Furthermore, in vitro tests showed that when PTX was slowly released from the scaffolds, it became more effective in suppressing the production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 by stimulated macrophage cells.	Pentoxifylline	45-48	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	147-156
20191310-9	2010	Furthermore, in vitro tests showed that when PTX was slowly released from the scaffolds, it became more effective in suppressing the production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 by stimulated macrophage cells.	Pentoxifylline	45-48	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	161-165
20367772-0	2010	Pentoxifylline attenuates transforming growth factor-beta1-stimulated collagen deposition and elastogenesis in human tunica albuginea-derived fibroblasts part 1: impact on extracellular matrix.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	26-58
20367772-2	2010	Pentoxifylline (PTX) antagonizes the effects of TGF-beta1 and has been utilized in our clinic for the management of PD.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	48-57
20367772-2	2010	Pentoxifylline (PTX) antagonizes the effects of TGF-beta1 and has been utilized in our clinic for the management of PD.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	48-57
20367772-9	2010	Pretreatment with PTX dramatically attenuated TGF-beta1-mediated elastogenesis and collagen fiber deposition in TADF from men with and without PD.	Pentoxifylline	18-21	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	46-55
20367772-13	2010	Pretreatment with PTX attenuates both collagen fiber deposition and elastogenesis in TADF exposed to TGF-beta1; these effects suggest a useful role for PTX in the management of PD.	Pentoxifylline	18-21	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	101-110
20367772-13	2010	Pretreatment with PTX attenuates both collagen fiber deposition and elastogenesis in TADF exposed to TGF-beta1; these effects suggest a useful role for PTX in the management of PD.	Pentoxifylline	152-155	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	101-110
20620488-9	2010	Both thalidomide and pentoxyphylline effectively reduced AST, LDH, TNF-alpha, and lipid peroxidation levels, as well as attenuated tissue edema and intestinal injury induced by I/R (P &lt; .05).	Pentoxifylline	21-36	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
20620488-9	2010	Both thalidomide and pentoxyphylline effectively reduced AST, LDH, TNF-alpha, and lipid peroxidation levels, as well as attenuated tissue edema and intestinal injury induced by I/R (P &lt; .05).	Pentoxifylline	21-36	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	67-76
20482878-15	2010	PTX elevates IkappaBalpha levels.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Homo sapiens	13-25
20102716-1	2010	BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: Pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, is given to patients with liver diseases, but its effects in patients with advanced cirrhosis are unknown.	Pentoxifylline	23-37	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	55-82
20384945-0	2010	Pentoxifylline attenuates transforming growth factor-beta1-stimulated elastogenesis in human tunica albuginea-derived fibroblasts part 2: Interference in a TGF-beta1/Smad-dependent mechanism and downregulation of AAT1.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	156-165
20384945-0	2010	Pentoxifylline attenuates transforming growth factor-beta1-stimulated elastogenesis in human tunica albuginea-derived fibroblasts part 2: Interference in a TGF-beta1/Smad-dependent mechanism and downregulation of AAT1.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	AAT1	Homo sapiens	213-217
20384945-2	2010	Pentoxifylline (PTX) antagonizes the effects of TGF-beta1 and has been utilized in our clinic for the management of PD although the mechanisms of action are not entirely clear.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	48-57
20384945-2	2010	Pentoxifylline (PTX) antagonizes the effects of TGF-beta1 and has been utilized in our clinic for the management of PD although the mechanisms of action are not entirely clear.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	48-57
20384945-10	2010	However, pretreatment of TADF with PTX was associated with decreased expression of AAT1, decreased activity of the Smad1/5 pathway, and enhanced phosphorylation of the inhibitory Smad6.	Pentoxifylline	35-38	AAT1	Homo sapiens	83-87
20384945-10	2010	However, pretreatment of TADF with PTX was associated with decreased expression of AAT1, decreased activity of the Smad1/5 pathway, and enhanced phosphorylation of the inhibitory Smad6.	Pentoxifylline	35-38	SMAD family member 1	Homo sapiens	115-122
20384945-10	2010	However, pretreatment of TADF with PTX was associated with decreased expression of AAT1, decreased activity of the Smad1/5 pathway, and enhanced phosphorylation of the inhibitory Smad6.	Pentoxifylline	35-38	SMAD family member 6	Homo sapiens	179-184
20384945-12	2010	PTX has no effect on elastin production but attenuates elastogenesis in TADF through an AAT1-related mechanism.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	AAT1	Homo sapiens	88-92
19294507-7	2010	Histopathologic examination showed that intestinal mucosal structure was preserved in the PTX-treated group while having significant decreases in NF-kappaB, TNF-a, and ICAM-1 expression.	Pentoxifylline	90-93	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	157-162
20470305-0	2010	Pentoxifylline improves haemoglobin and interleukin-6 levels in chronic kidney disease.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	40-53
20470305-1	2010	AIM: To assess whether pentoxifylline improves anaemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD) via suppression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and improved iron mobilization.	Pentoxifylline	23-37	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	106-119
20470305-1	2010	AIM: To assess whether pentoxifylline improves anaemia of chronic kidney disease (CKD) via suppression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and improved iron mobilization.	Pentoxifylline	23-37	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	121-125
20470305-4	2010	In experimental models, pentoxifylline was shown to reduce IL-6 expression.	Pentoxifylline	24-38	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	59-63
20470305-11	2010	Treatment with pentoxifylline reduced circulating IL-6 (6.6 + or - 1.6 pg/mL, P &lt; 0.01), increased transferrin saturation (20 + or - 5%, P &lt; 0.003) and decreased serum ferritin (81 + or - 25 microg/L, P = NS).	Pentoxifylline	15-29	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	50-54
20470305-11	2010	Treatment with pentoxifylline reduced circulating IL-6 (6.6 + or - 1.6 pg/mL, P &lt; 0.01), increased transferrin saturation (20 + or - 5%, P &lt; 0.003) and decreased serum ferritin (81 + or - 25 microg/L, P = NS).	Pentoxifylline	15-29	transferrin	Homo sapiens	102-113
20470305-13	2010	CONCLUSIONS: Pentoxifylline reduces circulating IL-6 and improves haemoglobin in non-inflammatory moderate to severe CKD.	Pentoxifylline	13-27	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	48-52
20470305-15	2010	It is hypothesized that pentoxifylline improves iron disposition possibly through modulation of hepcidin.	Pentoxifylline	24-38	hepcidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	96-104
19294507-6	2010	RESULTS: PTX treatment was associated with increased GSH levels and decreased MPO activity and MDA, prostaglandin E2, and thromboxane B2 levels.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
19294507-7	2010	Histopathologic examination showed that intestinal mucosal structure was preserved in the PTX-treated group while having significant decreases in NF-kappaB, TNF-a, and ICAM-1 expression.	Pentoxifylline	90-93	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	168-174
19147132-0	2010	Effect of pentoxifylline on vascular endothelial growth factor C and flk-1 expression on endometrial implants in the rat endometriosis model.	Pentoxifylline	10-24	vascular endothelial growth factor C	Rattus norvegicus	28-64
19147132-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of pentoxifylline, on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and flk-1 expression in the rat endometriosis model.	Pentoxifylline	41-55	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	60-94
19147132-12	2010	CONCLUSION(S): Pentoxifylline may cause suppression of endometriotic lesions by suppressing angiogenesis through VEGF-C and flk-1 expression.	Pentoxifylline	15-29	kinase insert domain receptor	Rattus norvegicus	124-129
19147132-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of pentoxifylline, on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and flk-1 expression in the rat endometriosis model.	Pentoxifylline	41-55	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	96-100
19147132-1	2010	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of pentoxifylline, on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and flk-1 expression in the rat endometriosis model.	Pentoxifylline	41-55	kinase insert domain receptor	Rattus norvegicus	108-113
19147132-12	2010	CONCLUSION(S): Pentoxifylline may cause suppression of endometriotic lesions by suppressing angiogenesis through VEGF-C and flk-1 expression.	Pentoxifylline	15-29	vascular endothelial growth factor C	Rattus norvegicus	113-119
19839729-0	2010	Pentoxifylline modulates p47phox activation and downregulates neutrophil oxidative burst through PKA-dependent and -independent mechanisms.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	pleckstrin	Homo sapiens	25-28
19697996-3	2010	RESULTS: Pre-incubation of neutrophils with supernatant prior to fMLP stimulation increased p38 MAPK and ERK phosphorylation over fMLP alone pentoxifylline significantly reduced p38MAPK and ERK phosphorylation in similarly stimulated neutrophils.	Pentoxifylline	141-155	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	65-69
19697996-3	2010	RESULTS: Pre-incubation of neutrophils with supernatant prior to fMLP stimulation increased p38 MAPK and ERK phosphorylation over fMLP alone pentoxifylline significantly reduced p38MAPK and ERK phosphorylation in similarly stimulated neutrophils.	Pentoxifylline	141-155	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	105-108
19839729-5	2010	Western blot analysis of Ras, Raf, p38 MAPK, ERK, and Akt was performed in PMNs exposed to fMLP and PTX.	Pentoxifylline	100-103	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	35-38
19839729-1	2010	BACKGROUND AND AIM: Pentoxifylline (PTX) has been proven to be an inhibitor of fMLP-induced neutrophil (PMN) oxidative burst and is thought to function by increasing cAMP and Protein kinase A (PKA).	Pentoxifylline	20-34	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	79-83
19839729-5	2010	Western blot analysis of Ras, Raf, p38 MAPK, ERK, and Akt was performed in PMNs exposed to fMLP and PTX.	Pentoxifylline	100-103	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	54-57
19697996-3	2010	RESULTS: Pre-incubation of neutrophils with supernatant prior to fMLP stimulation increased p38 MAPK and ERK phosphorylation over fMLP alone pentoxifylline significantly reduced p38MAPK and ERK phosphorylation in similarly stimulated neutrophils.	Pentoxifylline	141-155	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	130-134
19697996-3	2010	RESULTS: Pre-incubation of neutrophils with supernatant prior to fMLP stimulation increased p38 MAPK and ERK phosphorylation over fMLP alone pentoxifylline significantly reduced p38MAPK and ERK phosphorylation in similarly stimulated neutrophils.	Pentoxifylline	141-155	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	190-193
19839729-1	2010	BACKGROUND AND AIM: Pentoxifylline (PTX) has been proven to be an inhibitor of fMLP-induced neutrophil (PMN) oxidative burst and is thought to function by increasing cAMP and Protein kinase A (PKA).	Pentoxifylline	36-39	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	79-83
20103602-11	2010	Our data suggest that the methylxanthine caffeine or its derivative pentoxifylline are promising candidate drugs for the radiosensitization of glioma cells particularly with PTEN mutations.	Pentoxifylline	68-82	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	174-178
19839729-9	2010	The reduction in Ras, Raf, and Akt activation seen with PTX was not effected by the presence of H89.	Pentoxifylline	56-59	zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2	Homo sapiens	22-25
19839729-9	2010	The reduction in Ras, Raf, and Akt activation seen with PTX was not effected by the presence of H89.	Pentoxifylline	56-59	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	31-34
19839729-10	2010	The ability of PTX to attenuate phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK was significantly decreased in the presence of H89, suggesting a PKA-dependent mechanisms.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Homo sapiens	51-54
19839729-10	2010	The ability of PTX to attenuate phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and ERK was significantly decreased in the presence of H89, suggesting a PKA-dependent mechanisms.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	64-67
19839729-11	2010	Membrane fractions of neutrophils demonstrate that PTX decreased membrane-associated p47phox, thus diminishing the ability to generate oxidative burst.	Pentoxifylline	51-54	neutrophil cytosolic factor 1	Homo sapiens	85-92
19839729-12	2010	PTX also decreased membrane localization of Akt and p47phox by confocal microscopy.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Homo sapiens	44-47
19839729-12	2010	PTX also decreased membrane localization of Akt and p47phox by confocal microscopy.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	neutrophil cytosolic factor 1	Homo sapiens	52-59
19839729-13	2010	CONCLUSIONS: PTX attenuates activation of signaling molecules involved in activation of p47phox and suppress the subsequent assembly of the NADPH machinery through both PKA-dependent and PKA-independent mechanisms.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	neutrophil cytosolic factor 1	Homo sapiens	88-95
20103602-7	2010	Our study revealed that caffeine and pentoxifylline radiosensitized PTEN-deficient but not PTEN-proficient glioma cells.	Pentoxifylline	37-51	phosphatase and tensin homolog	Homo sapiens	68-72
20201780-1	2010	The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a P-glycoprotein and CYP3A inhibitor, verapamil on the pharmacokinetics of two methylxanthines, pentoxifylline and lisofylline in male CD-1 mice.	Pentoxifylline	146-160	cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 11	Mus musculus	71-76
20299795-0	2010	Pentoxifylline inhibits integrin-mediated adherence of 12(S)-HETE and TNFalpha-activated B16F10 cells to fibronectin and endothelial cells.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	70-78
20299795-0	2010	Pentoxifylline inhibits integrin-mediated adherence of 12(S)-HETE and TNFalpha-activated B16F10 cells to fibronectin and endothelial cells.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	fibronectin 1	Mus musculus	105-116
20299795-3	2010	The aim of this study was to determine the effect of PTX on surface expression of integrin and integrin-mediated adhesion induced by biological mediators, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), in B16F10 cells.	Pentoxifylline	53-56	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	155-177
20299795-3	2010	The aim of this study was to determine the effect of PTX on surface expression of integrin and integrin-mediated adhesion induced by biological mediators, tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and 12(S)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE), in B16F10 cells.	Pentoxifylline	53-56	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	179-182
19782473-6	2009	administration (16 and 1h before nerve injury and then twice daily for seven days) of minocycline (30mg/kg) and pentoxifylline (20mg/kg) prevented the injury-induced changes in the levels of mGlu3 and mGlu5 receptor mRNAs and the injury-induced changes in the protein levels of all the receptors.	Pentoxifylline	112-126	glutamate receptor, metabotropic 3	Mus musculus	191-196
20389149-6	2010	RESULTS: Pentoxifylline and lisofylline reduced LPS-induced TNF-alpha serum concentrations in a dose-dependent manner.	Pentoxifylline	9-23	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	60-69
20389149-9	2010	The drug concentration causing 50% of TNF inhibition (IC(50)) was markedly lower for pentoxifylline (0.47 vs. 1.61 microg/ml).	Pentoxifylline	85-99	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	38-41
20389149-10	2010	CONCLUSIONS: It seems that pentoxifylline is more potent than lisofylline in inhibiting TNF-alpha production in vivo.	Pentoxifylline	27-41	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	88-97
20009662-4	2009	We hypothesized that PTX would limit intestinal barrier breakdown and attenuate inflammatory signaling via the MAPK pathway.	Pentoxifylline	21-24	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	111-115
20007081-10	2009	Administration of pentoxifylline significantly reduced the MPO blood level, which was clearly correlated with the levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the two groups of patients.	Pentoxifylline	18-32	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	59-62
20009662-11	2009	PTX also decreased the burn-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and decreased phosphorylation of ERK (1/2) at 2 hours and 24 hours after injury.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	55-63
20009662-11	2009	PTX also decreased the burn-induced phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and decreased phosphorylation of ERK (1/2) at 2 hours and 24 hours after injury.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	97-105
20009662-12	2009	Animals given PTX had decreased intestinal interleukin-6 levels.	Pentoxifylline	14-17	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	43-56
20009137-9	2009	Pretreatment with PTX prevented D-Gal-induced reduction of antioxidant enzyme activities, SOD and CAT, and attenuated the elevated malonaldahyde (MDA) level in hepatic tissue as marker of lipid peroxidation.	Pentoxifylline	18-21	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	98-101
19671881-8	2009	Pentoxifylline also reduced the induction of early (egr-1, atf-3) responsive genes and abrogated the up-regulation of late (inos, icam, il-6, tnf-alpha) responsive genes and recruitment of transcription factors (nuclear factor kappaB and C/EBPbeta) and histone acetyltransferases to their gene promoters during pancreatitis.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta	Rattus norvegicus	238-247
19905913-2	2009	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivative, is a potent anti-inflammatory drug that is known to manifest its effect through the inhibition of Th1 cytokine, but with an uncertain effect on Th2 cytokine.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	149-152
19905913-2	2009	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivative, is a potent anti-inflammatory drug that is known to manifest its effect through the inhibition of Th1 cytokine, but with an uncertain effect on Th2 cytokine.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	195-198
19905913-2	2009	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivative, is a potent anti-inflammatory drug that is known to manifest its effect through the inhibition of Th1 cytokine, but with an uncertain effect on Th2 cytokine.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	149-152
19671881-2	2009	Pentoxifylline is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor with marked anti-inflammatory properties through blockade of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and tumor necrosis factor alpha production.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	109-146
19671881-2	2009	Pentoxifylline is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor with marked anti-inflammatory properties through blockade of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and tumor necrosis factor alpha production.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	Eph receptor B1	Rattus norvegicus	148-151
19671881-2	2009	Pentoxifylline is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor with marked anti-inflammatory properties through blockade of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and tumor necrosis factor alpha production.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	173-200
19671881-8	2009	Pentoxifylline also reduced the induction of early (egr-1, atf-3) responsive genes and abrogated the up-regulation of late (inos, icam, il-6, tnf-alpha) responsive genes and recruitment of transcription factors (nuclear factor kappaB and C/EBPbeta) and histone acetyltransferases to their gene promoters during pancreatitis.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	early growth response 1	Rattus norvegicus	52-64
19671881-8	2009	Pentoxifylline also reduced the induction of early (egr-1, atf-3) responsive genes and abrogated the up-regulation of late (inos, icam, il-6, tnf-alpha) responsive genes and recruitment of transcription factors (nuclear factor kappaB and C/EBPbeta) and histone acetyltransferases to their gene promoters during pancreatitis.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	130-134
19671881-8	2009	Pentoxifylline also reduced the induction of early (egr-1, atf-3) responsive genes and abrogated the up-regulation of late (inos, icam, il-6, tnf-alpha) responsive genes and recruitment of transcription factors (nuclear factor kappaB and C/EBPbeta) and histone acetyltransferases to their gene promoters during pancreatitis.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	136-140
19671881-8	2009	Pentoxifylline also reduced the induction of early (egr-1, atf-3) responsive genes and abrogated the up-regulation of late (inos, icam, il-6, tnf-alpha) responsive genes and recruitment of transcription factors (nuclear factor kappaB and C/EBPbeta) and histone acetyltransferases to their gene promoters during pancreatitis.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	142-151
20009137-10	2009	In addition, pretreatment with PTX resulted in an increase in hepatic triglycerides, normalization of nitric oxide level, and lowering serum ALP activity as well as inhibited the decreased serum albumin level caused by D-Gal.	Pentoxifylline	31-34	albumin	Rattus norvegicus	195-202
20055091-0	2009	Dermal and ocular safety of the new phospholipase A2 inhibitors PX-18 and PX-13 formulated as drug nanosuspension.	Pentoxifylline	64-66	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	36-52
19466963-10	2009	CONCLUSION: The use of PTX and SSZ as adjuvant therapy in the treatment of PV induced a faster and more significant decrease in the serum level of TNF-alpha, and this decrease was associated with rapid clinical improvement.	Pentoxifylline	23-26	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	147-156
19232362-11	2009	However, NAG activity was reduced by pentoxifylline, but not by cilostazol.	Pentoxifylline	37-51	alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase (Sanfilippo disease IIIB)	Mus musculus	9-12
19617639-1	2009	OBJECTIVE: It was reported that some effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) are mediated by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induction.	Pentoxifylline	48-62	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	85-101
19617639-1	2009	OBJECTIVE: It was reported that some effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) are mediated by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induction.	Pentoxifylline	48-62	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	103-107
19617639-1	2009	OBJECTIVE: It was reported that some effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) are mediated by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induction.	Pentoxifylline	64-67	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	85-101
19617639-1	2009	OBJECTIVE: It was reported that some effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) are mediated by heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) induction.	Pentoxifylline	64-67	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	103-107
19617639-2	2009	We investigated the role of HO-1 in anti-inflammatory activity of PTX.	Pentoxifylline	66-69	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	28-32
19617639-4	2009	RESULTS: PTX dose-dependently decreased expression of HO-1 in cell lines studied.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	54-58
19617639-5	2009	As expected, PTX reduced also production of TNF.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	44-47
19617639-7	2009	Moreover, inhibition of TNF was the same in human endothelial cells of different HO-1 genotypes, showing that PTX is similarly efficient in carriers of more and less active HO-1 promoter variants.	Pentoxifylline	110-113	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	24-27
19617639-10	2009	PTX to a similar extent increased influx of leukocyte into peritoneal cavity, decreased production of TNF and reduced expression of VCAM-1 in vascular intima.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	102-105
19617639-10	2009	PTX to a similar extent increased influx of leukocyte into peritoneal cavity, decreased production of TNF and reduced expression of VCAM-1 in vascular intima.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	132-138
19617639-11	2009	CONCLUSION: PTX inhibits production of TNF and may decrease inflammatory reaction both in vitro and in vivo, but these effects are independent of HO-1.	Pentoxifylline	12-15	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	39-42
19373973-0	2009	Randomized study of the effect of pentoxifylline or octreotide on serum levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.	Pentoxifylline	34-48	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	82-91
19373973-0	2009	Randomized study of the effect of pentoxifylline or octreotide on serum levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6 after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.	Pentoxifylline	34-48	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	96-100
19373973-1	2009	OBJECTIVES: To study the effect of pentoxifylline and octreotide administration on serum levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6, in patients who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), whether they developed pancreatitis or not.	Pentoxifylline	35-49	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	99-108
19220679-0	2009	Pentoxifylline prevents pig serum-induced rat liver fibrosis by inhibiting interleukin-6 production.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	75-88
19220679-2	2009	Penoxifylline (PTX), a xanthine derivative, which is a well-known suppressor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production from inflammatory cells, has also been shown to inhibit the growth of hepatic stellate cells and to inhibit collagen synthesis in these cells in vitro.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	80-107
19220679-2	2009	Penoxifylline (PTX), a xanthine derivative, which is a well-known suppressor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production from inflammatory cells, has also been shown to inhibit the growth of hepatic stellate cells and to inhibit collagen synthesis in these cells in vitro.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	109-118
19220679-8	2009	In vitro, by the addition of PTX to the culture medium of the rat hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the proliferation of the HSCs was significantly inhibited and IL-6 in the culture supernatant was also reduced significantly.	Pentoxifylline	29-32	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	159-163
19156359-8	2009	This increase could also be induced by macrophage-conditioned medium, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, IL-1alpha, and IL-1beta, and could be suppressed by anti-inflammatory agents including pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, pentoxifylline, or dexamethasone.	Pentoxifylline	215-229	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	70-97
19468304-8	2009	Studies conducted with pentoxifylline and neutralizing antibodies revealed that the Leishmania-dependent augmentation in HIV-1 replication is due to a higher secretion of IL-6 and TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	23-37	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	171-175
19468304-8	2009	Studies conducted with pentoxifylline and neutralizing antibodies revealed that the Leishmania-dependent augmentation in HIV-1 replication is due to a higher secretion of IL-6 and TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	23-37	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	180-189
19448733-7	2009	Administration of pentoxifylline or celecoxib produced significant reduction in SGPT, serum creatinine, malondialdehyde, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha and significant increase in blood pH, blood adenosine triphosphate, and reduced glutathione compared with the IR group (p &lt; 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	18-32	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	125-152
19251467-4	2009	Experimental studies have shown the beneficial renal actions derived from TNF-alpha inhibition with the use of soluble TNF-alpha receptor fusion proteins, chimeric monoclonal antibodies and pentoxifylline (PTF).	Pentoxifylline	190-204	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	74-83
19251467-4	2009	Experimental studies have shown the beneficial renal actions derived from TNF-alpha inhibition with the use of soluble TNF-alpha receptor fusion proteins, chimeric monoclonal antibodies and pentoxifylline (PTF).	Pentoxifylline	206-209	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	74-83
18791495-10	2009	Burn injury resulted in a marked decrease in the levels of tight junction proteins occludin and ZO-1 at 6 and 24 h. The use of PTX after burn significantly decreases the breakdown of occludin and ZO-1.	Pentoxifylline	127-130	occludin	Mus musculus	83-91
19291858-11	2009	R(+)verapamil improves survival of mice receiving a lethal dose of LPS and significantly potentiates the protective effect of pentoxifylline and prednisolone against LPS-induced lethality, probably as a result of both P-gp inhibition and a synergistic interaction at the gene level.	Pentoxifylline	126-140	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	218-222
18791495-10	2009	Burn injury resulted in a marked decrease in the levels of tight junction proteins occludin and ZO-1 at 6 and 24 h. The use of PTX after burn significantly decreases the breakdown of occludin and ZO-1.	Pentoxifylline	127-130	tight junction protein 1	Mus musculus	96-100
18791495-10	2009	Burn injury resulted in a marked decrease in the levels of tight junction proteins occludin and ZO-1 at 6 and 24 h. The use of PTX after burn significantly decreases the breakdown of occludin and ZO-1.	Pentoxifylline	127-130	occludin	Mus musculus	183-191
18791495-10	2009	Burn injury resulted in a marked decrease in the levels of tight junction proteins occludin and ZO-1 at 6 and 24 h. The use of PTX after burn significantly decreases the breakdown of occludin and ZO-1.	Pentoxifylline	127-130	tight junction protein 1	Mus musculus	196-200
18791495-11	2009	Pentoxifylline also attenuates the burn-induced increase in plasma and intestinal TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	82-91
18791495-12	2009	Confocal microscopy demonstrates that PTX attenuates the burn-induced reorganization of occludin and ZO-1 away from the tight junction.	Pentoxifylline	38-41	occludin	Mus musculus	88-96
18791495-12	2009	Confocal microscopy demonstrates that PTX attenuates the burn-induced reorganization of occludin and ZO-1 away from the tight junction.	Pentoxifylline	38-41	tight junction protein 1	Mus musculus	101-105
18791495-13	2009	Pentoxifylline attenuates burn-induced intestinal permeability and decreases the breakdown and reorganization of intestinal occludin and ZO-1.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	occludin	Mus musculus	124-132
18791495-13	2009	Pentoxifylline attenuates burn-induced intestinal permeability and decreases the breakdown and reorganization of intestinal occludin and ZO-1.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tight junction protein 1	Mus musculus	137-141
18554967-7	2009	RESULTS: Tibia fracture chronically up-regulated TNFalpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 mRNA and protein levels in hindpaw skin and PTX treatment significantly reduced the mRNA expression and cytokine protein levels for all these cytokines.	Pentoxifylline	121-124	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	49-57
18554967-7	2009	RESULTS: Tibia fracture chronically up-regulated TNFalpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 mRNA and protein levels in hindpaw skin and PTX treatment significantly reduced the mRNA expression and cytokine protein levels for all these cytokines.	Pentoxifylline	121-124	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	59-67
18554967-7	2009	RESULTS: Tibia fracture chronically up-regulated TNFalpha, IL-1beta and IL-6 mRNA and protein levels in hindpaw skin and PTX treatment significantly reduced the mRNA expression and cytokine protein levels for all these cytokines.	Pentoxifylline	121-124	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	72-76
18679024-7	2009	Further studies revealed that severe renal fibrosis was associated with upregulation of renal TGF-beta1 and activation of TGF-beta/Smad signaling, which was blocked by treatment with PTX.	Pentoxifylline	183-186	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-103
19109954-11	2009	PTX decreases the angiogenesis, reduces the symptoms of HPS, and downregulates VEGF-A mediated pathways.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	79-83
19220089-1	2009	PURPOSE: To determine the potential efficacy of intravenous (IV) infusion of pentoxifylline (PTX) before nephrolithotomy on attenuating plasma level of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1, and to investigate whether it prevents postoperative pain.	Pentoxifylline	77-91	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	156-189
19220089-1	2009	PURPOSE: To determine the potential efficacy of intravenous (IV) infusion of pentoxifylline (PTX) before nephrolithotomy on attenuating plasma level of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1, and to investigate whether it prevents postoperative pain.	Pentoxifylline	77-91	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	194-212
19220089-1	2009	PURPOSE: To determine the potential efficacy of intravenous (IV) infusion of pentoxifylline (PTX) before nephrolithotomy on attenuating plasma level of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1, and to investigate whether it prevents postoperative pain.	Pentoxifylline	93-96	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	156-189
19220089-1	2009	PURPOSE: To determine the potential efficacy of intravenous (IV) infusion of pentoxifylline (PTX) before nephrolithotomy on attenuating plasma level of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interleukin (IL)-1, and to investigate whether it prevents postoperative pain.	Pentoxifylline	93-96	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	194-212
19220089-8	2009	Patients in the PTX group had lower postoperative plasma levels of TNF-alpha (0.27 pg/mL (0.06/0.74) v 3.35 pg/mL (0.83/6.41)) (median (25%/75%), P &lt; 0.0001) and IL-6 (35.4 +/- 21.1 pg/mL (range 12-100) v 60.4 +/- 16.7 pg/mL (range 38-100), mean +/- standard deviation, P &lt; 0.001) compared with the placebo receivers.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	67-76
19220089-8	2009	Patients in the PTX group had lower postoperative plasma levels of TNF-alpha (0.27 pg/mL (0.06/0.74) v 3.35 pg/mL (0.83/6.41)) (median (25%/75%), P &lt; 0.0001) and IL-6 (35.4 +/- 21.1 pg/mL (range 12-100) v 60.4 +/- 16.7 pg/mL (range 38-100), mean +/- standard deviation, P &lt; 0.001) compared with the placebo receivers.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	165-169
19079293-0	2009	Inhibition of tubulointerstitial fibrosis by pentoxifylline is associated with improvement of vascular endothelial growth factor expression.	Pentoxifylline	45-59	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	94-128
19079293-9	2009	Meanwhile, VEGF protein and mRNA in the kidney were increased in the PTX-treated group compared with the control group (P&lt;0.01).	Pentoxifylline	69-72	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	11-15
19079293-10	2009	PTX up-regulated expression of VEGF mRNA in a dose- and time-dependent manner in cultured HK-2 cells (P&lt;0.01).	Pentoxifylline	0-3	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	31-35
19079293-11	2009	However, expression of HIF-1alpha (a key transcription factor for VEGF gene expression) was unchanged by PTX treatment.	Pentoxifylline	105-108	hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	23-33
19079293-12	2009	PTX prolonged the half-life of VEGF mRNA by a 1.07-fold increase.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	31-35
19079293-13	2009	CONCLUSIONS: PTX inhibited tubulointerstitial fibrosis in a rat model of obstructive nephropathy while preventing loss of VEGF.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	122-126
19079293-14	2009	PTX up-regulated expression of VEGF mRNA through stabilization of its mRNA in cultured renal tubular epithelial cells.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	31-35
19109954-3	2009	Pentoxifylline (PTX) directly decreases lung endothelial Akt and eNOS activation, blocks intravascular monocyte accumulation, and improves experimental HPS; we evaluated whether pulmonary angiogenesis develops in this model.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
19109954-3	2009	Pentoxifylline (PTX) directly decreases lung endothelial Akt and eNOS activation, blocks intravascular monocyte accumulation, and improves experimental HPS; we evaluated whether pulmonary angiogenesis develops in this model.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
19168508-5	2009	Conversely, a possible exception is pentoxifylline (PTX), a putative TNF-alpha inhibitor with possible (but ill-defined) vasodilatory properties.	Pentoxifylline	36-50	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	69-78
19168508-5	2009	Conversely, a possible exception is pentoxifylline (PTX), a putative TNF-alpha inhibitor with possible (but ill-defined) vasodilatory properties.	Pentoxifylline	52-55	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	69-78
18992758-5	2009	We hypothesize that PTX prevents the breakdown of ZO-1 and occludin in an in vitro model of immunostimulated intestinal cell monolayers.	Pentoxifylline	20-23	tight junction protein 1	Homo sapiens	50-54
18992758-5	2009	We hypothesize that PTX prevents the breakdown of ZO-1 and occludin in an in vitro model of immunostimulated intestinal cell monolayers.	Pentoxifylline	20-23	occludin	Homo sapiens	59-67
18992758-9	2009	Treatment with Cytomix+PTX restored both occludin and ZO-1 protein to control levels.	Pentoxifylline	23-26	occludin	Homo sapiens	41-49
18992758-9	2009	Treatment with Cytomix+PTX restored both occludin and ZO-1 protein to control levels.	Pentoxifylline	23-26	tight junction protein 1	Homo sapiens	54-58
18992758-11	2009	Treatment with PTX prevented the Cytomix-induced changes in ZO-1 and occludin localization.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	tight junction protein 1	Homo sapiens	60-64
18992758-11	2009	Treatment with PTX prevented the Cytomix-induced changes in ZO-1 and occludin localization.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	occludin	Homo sapiens	69-77
18992758-12	2009	SIGNIFICANCE: Treatment with PTX decreases the pro-inflammatory cytokine induced changes in the intestinal tight junction proteins occludin and ZO-1.	Pentoxifylline	29-32	occludin	Homo sapiens	131-139
18992758-12	2009	SIGNIFICANCE: Treatment with PTX decreases the pro-inflammatory cytokine induced changes in the intestinal tight junction proteins occludin and ZO-1.	Pentoxifylline	29-32	tight junction protein 1	Homo sapiens	144-148
18679024-7	2009	Further studies revealed that severe renal fibrosis was associated with upregulation of renal TGF-beta1 and activation of TGF-beta/Smad signaling, which was blocked by treatment with PTX.	Pentoxifylline	183-186	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-102
18679024-9	2009	Blockade of TGF-beta1 expression and Smad2/3 activation may be a mechanism by which PTX inhibits renal fibrosis.	Pentoxifylline	84-87	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-21
18679024-9	2009	Blockade of TGF-beta1 expression and Smad2/3 activation may be a mechanism by which PTX inhibits renal fibrosis.	Pentoxifylline	84-87	SMAD family member 2	Rattus norvegicus	37-44
18851957-0	2009	Pentoxifylline induces apoptosis in vitro in cutaneous T cell lymphoma (HuT-78) and enhances FasL mediated killing by upregulating Fas expression.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	Fas ligand	Homo sapiens	93-97
18851957-4	2009	Apoptosis induced by PTX in HuT-78 cells involved mitochondrial hyperpolarization, cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage.	Pentoxifylline	21-24	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	83-95
18851957-4	2009	Apoptosis induced by PTX in HuT-78 cells involved mitochondrial hyperpolarization, cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage.	Pentoxifylline	21-24	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	105-114
18851957-4	2009	Apoptosis induced by PTX in HuT-78 cells involved mitochondrial hyperpolarization, cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage.	Pentoxifylline	21-24	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	130-134
18851957-5	2009	Further, it was found that PTX treatment downregulated Bcl-xl and c-FLIP expression without affecting constitutive NF-kappaB but upregulated activator protein-1 (AP-1).	Pentoxifylline	27-30	BCL2 like 1	Homo sapiens	55-61
18851957-5	2009	Further, it was found that PTX treatment downregulated Bcl-xl and c-FLIP expression without affecting constitutive NF-kappaB but upregulated activator protein-1 (AP-1).	Pentoxifylline	27-30	CASP8 and FADD like apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	66-72
18851957-5	2009	Further, it was found that PTX treatment downregulated Bcl-xl and c-FLIP expression without affecting constitutive NF-kappaB but upregulated activator protein-1 (AP-1).	Pentoxifylline	27-30	JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	141-160
18851957-5	2009	Further, it was found that PTX treatment downregulated Bcl-xl and c-FLIP expression without affecting constitutive NF-kappaB but upregulated activator protein-1 (AP-1).	Pentoxifylline	27-30	JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	162-166
18851957-6	2009	Low concentration of PTX upregulated Fas and TRAIL expression in HuT-78 cells.	Pentoxifylline	21-24	TNF superfamily member 10	Homo sapiens	45-50
18851957-7	2009	In addition, PTX can act as a scavenger of reactive oxygen intermediate and it could enhance FasL mediated killing in HuT-78 cells.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	Fas ligand	Homo sapiens	93-97
19131801-0	2009	Pentoxifylline modulates intestinal tight junction signaling after burn injury: effects on myosin light chain kinase.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	myosin light chain kinase 3	Mus musculus	91-116
18684397-10	2009	Western blot analysis of CD11b/c and GFAP protein demonstrated that minocycline and pentoxifylline, at doses delaying development of tolerance to morphine analgesia, significantly diminished the morphine-induced increase in CD11b/c protein level.	Pentoxifylline	84-98	integrin alpha M	Mus musculus	25-30
18684397-10	2009	Western blot analysis of CD11b/c and GFAP protein demonstrated that minocycline and pentoxifylline, at doses delaying development of tolerance to morphine analgesia, significantly diminished the morphine-induced increase in CD11b/c protein level.	Pentoxifylline	84-98	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Mus musculus	37-41
18684397-10	2009	Western blot analysis of CD11b/c and GFAP protein demonstrated that minocycline and pentoxifylline, at doses delaying development of tolerance to morphine analgesia, significantly diminished the morphine-induced increase in CD11b/c protein level.	Pentoxifylline	84-98	integrin alpha M	Mus musculus	224-229
19131801-4	2009	We have previously shown that pentoxifylline (PTX) decreases both TNF-alpha synthesis and NF-kappaB activation in models of shock.	Pentoxifylline	30-44	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	66-75
19131801-4	2009	We have previously shown that pentoxifylline (PTX) decreases both TNF-alpha synthesis and NF-kappaB activation in models of shock.	Pentoxifylline	46-49	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	66-75
19131801-5	2009	Therefore, we postulate that PTX will attenuate activation of the tight junction protein MLCK, which may decrease intestinal tight junction permeability after severe burn.	Pentoxifylline	29-32	myosin light chain kinase 3	Mus musculus	89-93
19131801-9	2009	RESULTS: Burn injury increased intestinal MLCK protein levels threefold in animals resuscitated with NS, whereas those receiving PTX had MLCK levels similar to control (p &lt; 0.01).	Pentoxifylline	129-132	myosin light chain kinase 3	Mus musculus	137-141
19131801-11	2009	PTX decreased cytoplasmic IKK, IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation, and nuclear NF-kappaB p65 translocation to sham levels (p &lt; 0.05 vs. NS).	Pentoxifylline	0-3	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha	Mus musculus	31-44
19131801-11	2009	PTX decreased cytoplasmic IKK, IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation, and nuclear NF-kappaB p65 translocation to sham levels (p &lt; 0.05 vs. NS).	Pentoxifylline	0-3	v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian)	Mus musculus	84-87
19131801-12	2009	CONCLUSION: Treatment with PTX attenuates activation of the tight junction protein MLCK, likely through its ability to decrease local TNF-alpha synthesis and NF-kappaB activation after burn.	Pentoxifylline	27-30	myosin light chain kinase 3	Mus musculus	83-87
19131801-12	2009	CONCLUSION: Treatment with PTX attenuates activation of the tight junction protein MLCK, likely through its ability to decrease local TNF-alpha synthesis and NF-kappaB activation after burn.	Pentoxifylline	27-30	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	134-143
19102966-9	2008	A significant reduction was found in TNF-alpha in serum, activity of MPO and immunoreactivity of the PECAM-1 and caspase-3 in PTX-treated rabbits.	Pentoxifylline	126-129	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	37-46
19925295-7	2009	Pentoxifylline, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, worsened the LPS-related hypotension (50.7 +/- 6.9 vs. 65.6 +/- 2.2 mm Hg, p = 0.15) in a non-significant manner.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	60-63
19925295-10	2009	The combined administration of albumin and pentoxifylline significantly attenuated the renal iNOS protein expression and increased cardiac output.	Pentoxifylline	43-57	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	93-97
19102966-9	2008	A significant reduction was found in TNF-alpha in serum, activity of MPO and immunoreactivity of the PECAM-1 and caspase-3 in PTX-treated rabbits.	Pentoxifylline	126-129	myeloperoxidase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	69-72
19102966-9	2008	A significant reduction was found in TNF-alpha in serum, activity of MPO and immunoreactivity of the PECAM-1 and caspase-3 in PTX-treated rabbits.	Pentoxifylline	126-129	platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule	Oryctolagus cuniculus	101-108
19102966-9	2008	A significant reduction was found in TNF-alpha in serum, activity of MPO and immunoreactivity of the PECAM-1 and caspase-3 in PTX-treated rabbits.	Pentoxifylline	126-129	caspase-3	Oryctolagus cuniculus	113-122
24692823-0	2008	Effects of silymarin and pentoxifylline on matrix metalloproteinase-1 and -2 expression and apoptosis in experimental hepatic fibrosis.	Pentoxifylline	25-39	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Rattus norvegicus	43-76
18801959-3	2008	Either soluble TNF receptor-1 or the general inhibitor of TNF production, pentoxifylline, was given to diminish TNF action on the first indication of cachexia.	Pentoxifylline	74-88	tumor necrosis factor-like	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
18801959-3	2008	Either soluble TNF receptor-1 or the general inhibitor of TNF production, pentoxifylline, was given to diminish TNF action on the first indication of cachexia.	Pentoxifylline	74-88	tumor necrosis factor-like	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
18844579-7	2008	Western analysis was used to assess the effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on c-Jun immediate early gene phosphorylation (p-c-Jun formation).	Pentoxifylline	50-64	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	74-79
18614818-7	2008	Blockade of p38 MAPK by SB203580 (25 microM) or PTX (300 microg/ml) resulted in an effective suppression of collagen and TGF-ss1 gene expression in HG-cultured HPMCs.	Pentoxifylline	48-51	mitogen activated protein kinase 14	Rattus norvegicus	12-15
18844579-7	2008	Western analysis was used to assess the effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on c-Jun immediate early gene phosphorylation (p-c-Jun formation).	Pentoxifylline	50-64	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	120-125
18844579-7	2008	Western analysis was used to assess the effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on c-Jun immediate early gene phosphorylation (p-c-Jun formation).	Pentoxifylline	66-69	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	74-79
18844579-7	2008	Western analysis was used to assess the effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on c-Jun immediate early gene phosphorylation (p-c-Jun formation).	Pentoxifylline	66-69	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	120-125
18844579-10	2008	Western analysis revealed that HCV serum increased p-c-Jun levels, which were decreased with Ribavirin and PTX.	Pentoxifylline	107-110	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	53-58
18388031-5	2008	Cilostazol increased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol level, maximal walking distance, and FBF(h), whereas pentoxifylline reduced C-reactive protein level and increased maximal walking distance in total and nonsmoking groups.	Pentoxifylline	111-125	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	134-152
18671885-0	2008	Oxpentifylline versus placebo in the treatment of erythropoietin-resistant anaemia: a randomized controlled trial.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	50-64
18572215-5	2008	The concomitant administration of pentoxifylline (decreasing TNF-alpha secretion) and infliximab (trapping TNF-alpha) likewise attenuated the Jo2-mediated increase in TNF-alpha, the decrease in hepatic glutathione, and the increase in serum ALT activity 5 h after Jo2 administration.	Pentoxifylline	34-48	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	61-70
18572215-5	2008	The concomitant administration of pentoxifylline (decreasing TNF-alpha secretion) and infliximab (trapping TNF-alpha) likewise attenuated the Jo2-mediated increase in TNF-alpha, the decrease in hepatic glutathione, and the increase in serum ALT activity 5 h after Jo2 administration.	Pentoxifylline	34-48	glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble	Mus musculus	241-244
18687297-6	2008	Additionally, it demonstrates the effect of pentoxifylline in vitro in inhibiting TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma spontaneous production in PBMC from HTLV-1-infected patients, as well as its in vivo effect in inhibiting TNF-alpha in sera from mucosal leishmaniasis patients.	Pentoxifylline	44-58	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	82-91
18687297-6	2008	Additionally, it demonstrates the effect of pentoxifylline in vitro in inhibiting TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma spontaneous production in PBMC from HTLV-1-infected patients, as well as its in vivo effect in inhibiting TNF-alpha in sera from mucosal leishmaniasis patients.	Pentoxifylline	44-58	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	212-221
18671885-1	2008	BACKGROUND: The main hypothesis of this study is that Oxpentifylline administration will effectively treat erythropoietin- or darbepoietin-resistant anaemia in chronic kidney disease patients.	Pentoxifylline	54-68	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	107-121
18487441-8	2008	With the exception of plasma IL-1beta, an indicator of peripheral proinflammatory cytokine activity, all measures of neurohumoral excitation were significantly lower in HF rats treated with intracerebroventricular PTX.	Pentoxifylline	214-217	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	29-37
17952619-0	2008	Pentoxifylline downregulates alpha (I) collagen expression by the inhibition of Ikappabalpha degradation in liver stellate cells.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	80-92
17952619-9	2008	IL-6 expression decreased significantly in acetaldehyde-pentoxifylline-treated cells.	Pentoxifylline	56-70	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	0-4
17952619-14	2008	IkappaBalpha protein level decreased 50% in acetaldehyde-treated cells, while acetaldehyde-pentoxifylline-treated cells showed IkappaBalpha control cells value.	Pentoxifylline	91-105	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	127-139
17952619-16	2008	Pentoxifylline prevents acetaldehyde-induced alpha(I) collagen and IL-6 expression by a mechanism dependent on IkappaBalpha degradation, which in turn blocks NFkappaB activation.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	67-71
17952619-16	2008	Pentoxifylline prevents acetaldehyde-induced alpha(I) collagen and IL-6 expression by a mechanism dependent on IkappaBalpha degradation, which in turn blocks NFkappaB activation.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	111-123
18942901-1	2008	OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of pentoxiphylline (a potent inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor alpha) on survival, on systemic and portal hemodynamics, and on cardiac function in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis.	Pentoxifylline	35-50	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	74-101
18942901-9	2008	The group on pentoxiphylline increased systemic vascular resistance and decreased cardiac indices (from 1,721 +/- 567 to 2,082 +/- 622 dyn.sec(-1) cm(-5) m(-2) and from 4.17 +/- 1.4 to 3.4 +/- 0.9 l.m(-2), p = 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	13-28	secretory blood group 1, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	139-145
18668653-2	2008	In experimental HPS, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) overproduction contributes to vasodilatation, which is improved by pentoxifylline, a TNF-alpha inhibitor.	Pentoxifylline	128-142	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	21-48
18668653-2	2008	In experimental HPS, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) overproduction contributes to vasodilatation, which is improved by pentoxifylline, a TNF-alpha inhibitor.	Pentoxifylline	128-142	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	50-59
18668653-2	2008	In experimental HPS, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) overproduction contributes to vasodilatation, which is improved by pentoxifylline, a TNF-alpha inhibitor.	Pentoxifylline	128-142	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	146-155
18550427-8	2008	Inducible NOS (iNOS) and angiotensin receptor-type 1 (AT-1R) mRNA expressions were increased, while neuronal NOS (nNOS) was decreased in the PVN of CHF rats; these changes were reversed by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	189-192	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-13
18495474-7	2008	RhoA and Rac1 GTPases induce B16F10 motility and PTX was found to inhibit migration by affecting these molecules.	Pentoxifylline	49-52	ras homolog family member A	Mus musculus	0-4
18495474-7	2008	RhoA and Rac1 GTPases induce B16F10 motility and PTX was found to inhibit migration by affecting these molecules.	Pentoxifylline	49-52	Rac family small GTPase 1	Mus musculus	9-13
18550427-8	2008	Inducible NOS (iNOS) and angiotensin receptor-type 1 (AT-1R) mRNA expressions were increased, while neuronal NOS (nNOS) was decreased in the PVN of CHF rats; these changes were reversed by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	189-192	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	15-19
18550427-8	2008	Inducible NOS (iNOS) and angiotensin receptor-type 1 (AT-1R) mRNA expressions were increased, while neuronal NOS (nNOS) was decreased in the PVN of CHF rats; these changes were reversed by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	189-192	angiotensin II receptor, type 1a	Rattus norvegicus	54-59
18550427-8	2008	Inducible NOS (iNOS) and angiotensin receptor-type 1 (AT-1R) mRNA expressions were increased, while neuronal NOS (nNOS) was decreased in the PVN of CHF rats; these changes were reversed by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	189-192	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	100-112
18550427-8	2008	Inducible NOS (iNOS) and angiotensin receptor-type 1 (AT-1R) mRNA expressions were increased, while neuronal NOS (nNOS) was decreased in the PVN of CHF rats; these changes were reversed by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	189-192	nitric oxide synthase 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-118
19669304-2	2008	Pentoxifylline inhibits TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	24-33
18580443-11	2008	Pentoxifylline produced a significant decline in myeloperoxidase content and matrix metalloproteinase activity (P &lt; 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	49-64
18568240-8	2008	RESULTS: PTX was demonstrated to significantly reduce cytoplasmic I-kBalpha phosphorylation, nuclear p65 phosphorylation, and the DNA binding activity of NF-kB.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	101-104
18568240-9	2008	In contrast, PTX markedly enhanced the phosphorylation and DNA binding activity of CREB.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	83-87
18568240-10	2008	Cells concomitantly treated with PTX and LPS secreted similar levels of TNF-a in the presence and absence Protein kinase A inhibition.	Pentoxifylline	33-36	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	72-77
19669304-10	2008	There was significantly greater reduction in AST in the Pentoxifylline group (P = 0.038).	Pentoxifylline	56-70	solute carrier family 17 member 5	Homo sapiens	45-48
19669304-13	2008	CONCLUSION: Three months of Pentoxifylline treatment in combination with diet and exercise results in significantly greater reduction in AST levels in patients with NASH as compared with controls.	Pentoxifylline	28-42	solute carrier family 17 member 5	Homo sapiens	137-140
18464882-0	2008	Preoperative oral administration of pentoxifylline ameliorates respiratory index after cardiopulmonary bypass through decreased production of IL-6.	Pentoxifylline	36-50	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	142-146
18464886-8	2008	PTX administration significantly improved diaphragmatic contractility and prevented the elevation in TNF-alpha concentrations and MDA levels after injection of endotoxin.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	101-110
18464886-11	2008	The protective effects of PTX against endotoxininduced diaphragmatic contractile deterioration might be caused by attenuating TNF-alpha-mediated oxygen-derived free radical production.	Pentoxifylline	26-29	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	126-135
18264118-10	2008	The plasma extravasation and the release of TNF-alpha induced by beta-toxin were significantly inhibited by chlorpromazine and pentoxifylline which inhibit the release of TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	127-141	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	44-53
17624531-8	2008	PTX inhibited delayed diarrhea of mice submitted to intestinal mucositis and reduced histopathological damage, intestinal MPO activity, tissue level of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and KC and TNF-alpha immuno-staining.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	122-125
17624531-8	2008	PTX inhibited delayed diarrhea of mice submitted to intestinal mucositis and reduced histopathological damage, intestinal MPO activity, tissue level of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and KC and TNF-alpha immuno-staining.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	152-161
17624531-8	2008	PTX inhibited delayed diarrhea of mice submitted to intestinal mucositis and reduced histopathological damage, intestinal MPO activity, tissue level of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and KC and TNF-alpha immuno-staining.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	163-171
17624531-8	2008	PTX inhibited delayed diarrhea of mice submitted to intestinal mucositis and reduced histopathological damage, intestinal MPO activity, tissue level of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and KC and TNF-alpha immuno-staining.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	183-192
18264118-10	2008	The plasma extravasation and the release of TNF-alpha induced by beta-toxin were significantly inhibited by chlorpromazine and pentoxifylline which inhibit the release of TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	127-141	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	171-180
19334434-3	2008	The presented data evidence the inhibiting action of pentoxifyllin for iNOS on dehydration, what may be manifested by decrease of severity of nitrozative and oxidative stress.	Pentoxifylline	53-66	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	71-75
18297211-8	2008	TNF-alpha levels in bronchoalveolar lavage were significantly higher in the HCl group (458+/-50 pg/mL), reduced in the HCl+PTX group (329+/-45 pg/mL) and lowest in the PTX+HCl group (229+/-41 pg/mL).	Pentoxifylline	123-126	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	0-9
18297211-8	2008	TNF-alpha levels in bronchoalveolar lavage were significantly higher in the HCl group (458+/-50 pg/mL), reduced in the HCl+PTX group (329+/-45 pg/mL) and lowest in the PTX+HCl group (229+/-41 pg/mL).	Pentoxifylline	168-171	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	0-9
18297211-10	2008	CONCLUSION: Pretreatment with PTX improves oxygenation, reduces TNF-alpha concentration and increases the concentration of corticosterone [corrected] in bronchoalveolar lavage upon lung lesion induced by HCl.	Pentoxifylline	30-33	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	64-73
18345460-0	2008	Importance of TNF-alpha in the course of acute infection with Trypanosoma cruzi: influence of its inhibition by pentoxifylline treatment.	Pentoxifylline	112-126	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	14-23
18345460-2	2008	In the present study, pentoxifylline (PTX), an inhibitor of TNF-alpha was investigated on its action upon splenic necrosis, parasitemia and host survival.	Pentoxifylline	22-36	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	60-69
18345460-2	2008	In the present study, pentoxifylline (PTX), an inhibitor of TNF-alpha was investigated on its action upon splenic necrosis, parasitemia and host survival.	Pentoxifylline	38-41	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	60-69
18345460-11	2008	Mice treated with PTX showed a significant decrease of necrotic areas and diminution of TNF-alpha expression in spleen tissue, suggesting that PTX treatment could control TNF-alpha effects, and thus be used as an adjuvant in the treatment of acute Chagas" disease.	Pentoxifylline	18-21	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	88-97
18345460-11	2008	Mice treated with PTX showed a significant decrease of necrotic areas and diminution of TNF-alpha expression in spleen tissue, suggesting that PTX treatment could control TNF-alpha effects, and thus be used as an adjuvant in the treatment of acute Chagas" disease.	Pentoxifylline	18-21	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	171-180
18345460-11	2008	Mice treated with PTX showed a significant decrease of necrotic areas and diminution of TNF-alpha expression in spleen tissue, suggesting that PTX treatment could control TNF-alpha effects, and thus be used as an adjuvant in the treatment of acute Chagas" disease.	Pentoxifylline	143-146	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	88-97
18345460-11	2008	Mice treated with PTX showed a significant decrease of necrotic areas and diminution of TNF-alpha expression in spleen tissue, suggesting that PTX treatment could control TNF-alpha effects, and thus be used as an adjuvant in the treatment of acute Chagas" disease.	Pentoxifylline	143-146	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	171-180
18022309-2	2008	Pentoxifylline (PTX) has been shown to inhibit cytokine synthesis, including TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	77-86
18022309-2	2008	Pentoxifylline (PTX) has been shown to inhibit cytokine synthesis, including TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	77-86
18022309-11	2008	PTX associated with meglumine antimonate (Sb(V)) reduced TNF-alpha serum levels and was effective in preventing renal functional alterations.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	57-66
17196208-6	2008	Pentoxifylline treatment significantly reduced the adjusted levels of CRP and TNF-alpha compared to placebo after 6 months (P=0.04 and P&lt;0.01, respectively).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	70-73
17196208-6	2008	Pentoxifylline treatment significantly reduced the adjusted levels of CRP and TNF-alpha compared to placebo after 6 months (P=0.04 and P&lt;0.01, respectively).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	78-87
17196208-8	2008	The levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, also declined significantly less in the pentoxifylline group compared to placebo (P&lt;0.01) with a trend towards a higher increase of TGF-beta1 in the former group (P=0.16).	Pentoxifylline	93-107	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	46-51
17196208-8	2008	The levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL-10, also declined significantly less in the pentoxifylline group compared to placebo (P&lt;0.01) with a trend towards a higher increase of TGF-beta1 in the former group (P=0.16).	Pentoxifylline	93-107	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	188-197
17986856-4	2007	PTX brought about a significant reduction in the integrin mediated adhesion of F10 cells to Fibronectin and Vitronectin (58.75% +/- 3.4 S.E and 60% +/- 1.7 S.E respectively if control was considered as 100%).	Pentoxifylline	0-3	fibronectin 1	Mus musculus	92-103
17638016-8	2008	Treatment 1 h before IFS injection with etoricoxib, indomethacin, thalidomide, and pentoxifylline reduced COX-2 expression and some macroscopic and microscopic parameters in IFS-induced HC.	Pentoxifylline	83-97	prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	106-111
17986856-4	2007	PTX brought about a significant reduction in the integrin mediated adhesion of F10 cells to Fibronectin and Vitronectin (58.75% +/- 3.4 S.E and 60% +/- 1.7 S.E respectively if control was considered as 100%).	Pentoxifylline	0-3	vitronectin	Mus musculus	108-119
17986856-7	2007	PTX brought about a significant decrease in the cell surface expression of alpha5, alphaIIb and beta1 integrin subunits but not that of the alphav subunit on B16-F10 cells.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	integrin alpha 2b	Mus musculus	75-91
17698507-9	2007	Pretreatment with either PTX or Etan resulted in the attenuation of liver injury and diminished circulating concentrations of TNF, IL-1beta, IL-6, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and coagulation/fibrinolysis biomarkers in LPS/RAN-cotreated animals.	Pentoxifylline	25-28	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	126-129
17950078-11	2007	In contrast, PTX increased CREB DNA binding by 69% when compared with RL alone (P &lt; 0.04).	Pentoxifylline	13-16	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-31
17950078-13	2007	The administration of PTX was also associated with diminished NF-kappaB and enhanced CREB activation.	Pentoxifylline	22-25	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	85-89
17709330-10	2007	Treatment with either pentoxifylline to inhibit TNFalpha transcription or etanercept to inhibit TNFalpha activity significantly reduced TVX/LPS-induced liver injury.	Pentoxifylline	22-36	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	48-56
17698507-9	2007	Pretreatment with either PTX or Etan resulted in the attenuation of liver injury and diminished circulating concentrations of TNF, IL-1beta, IL-6, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and coagulation/fibrinolysis biomarkers in LPS/RAN-cotreated animals.	Pentoxifylline	25-28	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	131-139
17698507-9	2007	Pretreatment with either PTX or Etan resulted in the attenuation of liver injury and diminished circulating concentrations of TNF, IL-1beta, IL-6, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and coagulation/fibrinolysis biomarkers in LPS/RAN-cotreated animals.	Pentoxifylline	25-28	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	141-145
17698507-9	2007	Pretreatment with either PTX or Etan resulted in the attenuation of liver injury and diminished circulating concentrations of TNF, IL-1beta, IL-6, macrophage inflammatory protein-2, and coagulation/fibrinolysis biomarkers in LPS/RAN-cotreated animals.	Pentoxifylline	25-28	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Rattus norvegicus	147-180
17678645-11	2007	Our results suggest that fetuin may be beneficial in hepatic fibrosis and suggest that combination of fetuin and pentoxifylline may target the two key events in hepatic fibrosis by modifying the effects of TGFbeta and PDGF, the two major growth factors in fibrosis.	Pentoxifylline	113-127	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	206-213
17582610-8	2007	Suramin synergized with PTX in its effects on secretion of MMP-9 gelatinase.	Pentoxifylline	24-27	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Mus musculus	59-64
17436095-0	2007	Effects of pentoxifylline on TNF-alpha production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.	Pentoxifylline	11-25	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	29-38
17412377-4	2007	Doses of 120mg/kg of pentoxifylline effectively attenuated staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), gamma interferon (IFNgamma) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) in ex vivo culture of NHP whole-blood cells by 88%, 81%, and 76%, respectively, whereas lower doses of 48 or 72mg/kg had no inhibitory effect.	Pentoxifylline	21-35	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	96-123
17412377-4	2007	Doses of 120mg/kg of pentoxifylline effectively attenuated staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), gamma interferon (IFNgamma) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) in ex vivo culture of NHP whole-blood cells by 88%, 81%, and 76%, respectively, whereas lower doses of 48 or 72mg/kg had no inhibitory effect.	Pentoxifylline	21-35	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	125-133
17412377-4	2007	Doses of 120mg/kg of pentoxifylline effectively attenuated staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), gamma interferon (IFNgamma) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) in ex vivo culture of NHP whole-blood cells by 88%, 81%, and 76%, respectively, whereas lower doses of 48 or 72mg/kg had no inhibitory effect.	Pentoxifylline	21-35	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	136-163
17412377-4	2007	Doses of 120mg/kg of pentoxifylline effectively attenuated staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), gamma interferon (IFNgamma) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) in ex vivo culture of NHP whole-blood cells by 88%, 81%, and 76%, respectively, whereas lower doses of 48 or 72mg/kg had no inhibitory effect.	Pentoxifylline	21-35	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	168-181
17412377-4	2007	Doses of 120mg/kg of pentoxifylline effectively attenuated staphylococcal enterotoxin B-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), gamma interferon (IFNgamma) and interleukin 2 (IL-2) in ex vivo culture of NHP whole-blood cells by 88%, 81%, and 76%, respectively, whereas lower doses of 48 or 72mg/kg had no inhibitory effect.	Pentoxifylline	21-35	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	183-187
17636683-13	2007	Combining 11 trials that compared pentoxifylline with placebo or no treatment (with or without compression) demonstrated that pentoxifylline is more effective than placebo in terms of complete ulcer healing or significant improvement (RR 1.70, 95% CI 1.30 to 2.24).	Pentoxifylline	126-140	ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1	Homo sapiens	235-239
17560646-9	2007	Furthermore, pentoxifylline (PTX), an inhibitor of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) synthesis, also significantly attenuated LPS-induced up-regulation of placental HO-1.	Pentoxifylline	13-27	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	81-90
17560646-9	2007	Furthermore, pentoxifylline (PTX), an inhibitor of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) synthesis, also significantly attenuated LPS-induced up-regulation of placental HO-1.	Pentoxifylline	13-27	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	133-136
17560646-9	2007	Furthermore, pentoxifylline (PTX), an inhibitor of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) synthesis, also significantly attenuated LPS-induced up-regulation of placental HO-1.	Pentoxifylline	13-27	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	172-176
17560646-9	2007	Furthermore, pentoxifylline (PTX), an inhibitor of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) synthesis, also significantly attenuated LPS-induced up-regulation of placental HO-1.	Pentoxifylline	29-32	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	81-90
17560646-9	2007	Furthermore, pentoxifylline (PTX), an inhibitor of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) synthesis, also significantly attenuated LPS-induced up-regulation of placental HO-1.	Pentoxifylline	29-32	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	133-136
17560646-9	2007	Furthermore, pentoxifylline (PTX), an inhibitor of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) synthesis, also significantly attenuated LPS-induced up-regulation of placental HO-1.	Pentoxifylline	29-32	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	172-176
17689696-0	2007	The effects of a novel resuscitation strategy combining pentoxifylline and hypertonic saline on neutrophil MAPK signaling.	Pentoxifylline	56-70	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	107-111
17689696-6	2007	fMLP-induced ERK 1/2 phosphorylation was synergistically attenuated by HS/PTX.	Pentoxifylline	74-77	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	13-20
17689696-10	2007	CONCLUSION: HS/PTX is more effective in attenuating neutrophil ERK signaling than either component alone, whereas both components alone or in combination produced comparable results with p38MAPK.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	63-66
17945081-0	2007	[Inhibitory effects of anisodamine and pentoxifylline on the expression of lipopolysaccharide -induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in rat cardiac muscle].	Pentoxifylline	39-53	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	103-136
17945081-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inhibitory effects of anisodamine (654-2) and pentoxifylline (PTX) on the expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in rat cardiac muscle in vivo.	Pentoxifylline	76-90	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	151-184
17945081-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inhibitory effects of anisodamine (654-2) and pentoxifylline (PTX) on the expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in rat cardiac muscle in vivo.	Pentoxifylline	76-90	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	186-192
17945081-1	2007	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inhibitory effects of anisodamine (654-2) and pentoxifylline (PTX) on the expression of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in rat cardiac muscle in vivo.	Pentoxifylline	92-95	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	151-184
17945081-7	2007	Western blotting also showed that ICAM-1 protein with decreased with pre-treatment of 654-2 or PTX respectively (both P&lt;0.01).	Pentoxifylline	95-98	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	34-40
17945081-9	2007	CONCLUSION: The combination of 654-2 and PTX may play a protective role in rat against injury to cardiac muscle induced by LPS in vivo via inhibiting the production of ICAM-1 protein.	Pentoxifylline	41-44	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	168-174
17415655-12	2007	AST, ALT, plasma and liver tissue MDA, and plasma TNF-alpha levels were significantly lower in PTX group compared to the placebo group.	Pentoxifylline	95-98	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
17415655-12	2007	AST, ALT, plasma and liver tissue MDA, and plasma TNF-alpha levels were significantly lower in PTX group compared to the placebo group.	Pentoxifylline	95-98	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	50-59
17415655-14	2007	In conclusion, PTX strikingly ameliorates steatohepatitis in this novel NASH model not only by inhibiting the TNF-alpha but also suppressing the oxidative stress markers.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	110-119
17613279-7	2007	RESULTS: At one-month follow-up, in the Pentoxifylline group, there was 20.9% decrease (p&lt;0.001) in C-reactive protein, 18% reduction (p&lt;0.001) in erythrocyte sedimentation rate, 11.1% reduction (p&lt;0.001) in total leukocyte count and 5.8% increase (p=0.003) in serum albumin.	Pentoxifylline	40-54	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	103-121
17636683-15	2007	Pentoxifylline plus compression is more effective than placebo plus compression (RR 1.56, 95% CI 1.14 to 2.13).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1	Homo sapiens	81-85
17636683-16	2007	Pentoxifylline in the absence of compression appears to be more effective than placebo or no treatment (RR 2.25, 95% CI 1.49 to 3.39).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2	Homo sapiens	104-108
17636683-18	2007	More adverse effects were reported in people receiving pentoxifylline (RR 1.56, 95% CI 1.10 to 2.22).	Pentoxifylline	55-69	ribonucleotide reductase catalytic subunit M1	Homo sapiens	71-75
17416605-9	2007	In contrast, treatment with PTX in CHF rats completely blocked oxidative stress and decreased the production of TNF-alpha and Nox2 isoforms both in the LV and PVN.	Pentoxifylline	28-31	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	112-121
17416605-9	2007	In contrast, treatment with PTX in CHF rats completely blocked oxidative stress and decreased the production of TNF-alpha and Nox2 isoforms both in the LV and PVN.	Pentoxifylline	28-31	cytochrome b-245 beta chain	Rattus norvegicus	126-130
17444848-2	2007	Pentoxifylline reduces TNF-alpha and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in patients with NASH.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	23-32
17499999-7	2007	RESULTS: Patients in the PTX group had lower TNFalpha values (6.3 ng ml(-1) (4/8.2) vs 9.1 ng ml(-1) (6.5/13.7)) (median (25%/75%), p=0.021), lower systolic (28+/-7 mm Hg vs 35 +/- 9 mm Hg, mean+/-SD, p=0.011) and mean pulmonary artery pressures (21+/-5 vs 26+/-6 mm Hg, p=0.017) after admission to the ICU than control patients.	Pentoxifylline	25-28	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	45-53
17499999-11	2007	CONCLUSION(S): A single dose of PTX prior to CPB was able to reduce plasma levels of TNFalpha.	Pentoxifylline	32-35	carboxypeptidase B1	Homo sapiens	45-48
17499999-11	2007	CONCLUSION(S): A single dose of PTX prior to CPB was able to reduce plasma levels of TNFalpha.	Pentoxifylline	32-35	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	85-93
17620201-8	2007	Cotreatment with an inhibitor of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha synthesis, pentoxifylline, decreased stilbene estrogen-induced levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine formation, and gene mutations, and prevented stilbene estrogen-induced lesions.	Pentoxifylline	67-81	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	129-144
17620201-8	2007	Cotreatment with an inhibitor of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha synthesis, pentoxifylline, decreased stilbene estrogen-induced levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine formation, and gene mutations, and prevented stilbene estrogen-induced lesions.	Pentoxifylline	67-81	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	146-149
17692605-0	2007	Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha gene transcription by pentoxifylline reduces normothermic liver ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.	Pentoxifylline	64-78	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	14-41
17692605-2	2007	The aims of this study were to investigate the action of PTX on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) gene transcription following normothermic liver I-R as well as to evaluate the resulting effects on liver function and survival.	Pentoxifylline	57-60	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	64-91
17692605-2	2007	The aims of this study were to investigate the action of PTX on tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) gene transcription following normothermic liver I-R as well as to evaluate the resulting effects on liver function and survival.	Pentoxifylline	57-60	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	93-101
17692605-10	2007	PTX treatment significantly decreased serum activities of TNFalpha and inhibited liver expression of TNFalpha mRNA.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	58-66
17692605-10	2007	PTX treatment significantly decreased serum activities of TNFalpha and inhibited liver expression of TNFalpha mRNA.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	101-109
17692605-12	2007	In conclusion, PTX inhibits liver TNFalpha gene transcription, decreases serum TNFalpha levels, and reduces liver injury following normothermic I-R.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	34-42
17692605-12	2007	In conclusion, PTX inhibits liver TNFalpha gene transcription, decreases serum TNFalpha levels, and reduces liver injury following normothermic I-R.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	79-87
17620201-8	2007	Cotreatment with an inhibitor of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha synthesis, pentoxifylline, decreased stilbene estrogen-induced levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine formation, and gene mutations, and prevented stilbene estrogen-induced lesions.	Pentoxifylline	67-81	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	33-41
17444848-2	2007	Pentoxifylline reduces TNF-alpha and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in patients with NASH.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Homo sapiens	37-61
16980557-7	2007	Be exposure in the presence of the transcription inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX) decreased CBD BAL cell TNF-alpha pre-mRNA levels &gt; 60%, whereas treatment with the mRNA splicing inhibitor 2-aminopurine (2AP) decreased levels 40% relative to Be exposure alone.	Pentoxifylline	59-73	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	103-112
17192923-14	2007	Radiation combined with PTX may lead to a better prognosis by down regulation of the Her-2/neu, which will be proven by clinical studies in the near future.	Pentoxifylline	24-27	erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2	Homo sapiens	85-94
17110505-3	2007	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a phosphodiesterase and nonspecific TNF-alpha inhibitor, ameliorates experimental HPS when begun before hepatic injury.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	58-67
17110505-3	2007	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a phosphodiesterase and nonspecific TNF-alpha inhibitor, ameliorates experimental HPS when begun before hepatic injury.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	58-67
17110505-6	2007	PTX significantly improved HPS without altering portal or systemic hemodynamics and downregulated pulmonary ET(B) receptor levels and eNOS expression and activation.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	endothelin receptor type B	Rattus norvegicus	108-113
17110505-8	2007	In rat pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells, PTX inhibited shear stress-induced ET(B) receptor and eNOS expression and eNOS activation.	Pentoxifylline	50-53	endothelin receptor type B	Rattus norvegicus	85-90
17110505-11	2007	PTX has direct effects in the pulmonary microvasculature, likely mediated through Akt inhibition, that ameliorate experimental HPS.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-85
17304449-3	2007	We previously showed that an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (pentoxifylline) combined with Sb(v) cured 90% patients refractory to monotherapy with Sb(v).	Pentoxifylline	71-85	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	42-69
17077345-7	2007	The in vitro addition of H-89, an inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA), completely blocked the effect of PTX on the reduction of proteolysis in muscles from normal and diabetic rats.	Pentoxifylline	104-107	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	47-63
17077345-7	2007	The in vitro addition of H-89, an inhibitor of protein kinase A (PKA), completely blocked the effect of PTX on the reduction of proteolysis in muscles from normal and diabetic rats.	Pentoxifylline	104-107	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	65-68
17077345-8	2007	The present data suggest that PTX exerts a direct inhibitory effect on protein degradative systems in muscles from acutely diabetic rats, probably involving the participation of cAMP intracellular pathways and activation of PKA, independently of tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibition.	Pentoxifylline	30-33	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	224-227
17140731-9	2007	Pentoxifylline administration resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of the production of proinflammatory cytokines like TNFalpha, IL-1beta and IL-6, and enhancement of IL-10.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	121-129
17140731-9	2007	Pentoxifylline administration resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of the production of proinflammatory cytokines like TNFalpha, IL-1beta and IL-6, and enhancement of IL-10.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	131-139
17140731-9	2007	Pentoxifylline administration resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of the production of proinflammatory cytokines like TNFalpha, IL-1beta and IL-6, and enhancement of IL-10.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	144-148
17140731-9	2007	Pentoxifylline administration resulted in a dose-dependent reduction of the production of proinflammatory cytokines like TNFalpha, IL-1beta and IL-6, and enhancement of IL-10.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	169-174
16980557-7	2007	Be exposure in the presence of the transcription inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX) decreased CBD BAL cell TNF-alpha pre-mRNA levels &gt; 60%, whereas treatment with the mRNA splicing inhibitor 2-aminopurine (2AP) decreased levels 40% relative to Be exposure alone.	Pentoxifylline	75-78	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	103-112
16980557-8	2007	PTX treatment decreased mature TNF-alpha mRNA levels 50% while 2AP decreased levels &gt; 80%, relative to Be exposure alone.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	31-40
17224798-7	2007	The treatment with PTX reduced the serum levels of IL-1beta irrespective of the lymph circulation interruption but was effective to increase the IL-10 levels in intact rats during I/R.	Pentoxifylline	19-22	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	51-59
17178383-5	2007	We found that PTX significantly impaired differentiation and function of immature MDDCs, as judged by the reduced allostimulatory activity of these cells on allogeneic T cells and down-regulation of costimulatory and adhesion molecules, such as CD86, CD40 and CD54.	Pentoxifylline	14-17	CD86 molecule	Homo sapiens	245-249
17178383-5	2007	We found that PTX significantly impaired differentiation and function of immature MDDCs, as judged by the reduced allostimulatory activity of these cells on allogeneic T cells and down-regulation of costimulatory and adhesion molecules, such as CD86, CD40 and CD54.	Pentoxifylline	14-17	CD40 molecule	Homo sapiens	251-255
17178383-5	2007	We found that PTX significantly impaired differentiation and function of immature MDDCs, as judged by the reduced allostimulatory activity of these cells on allogeneic T cells and down-regulation of costimulatory and adhesion molecules, such as CD86, CD40 and CD54.	Pentoxifylline	14-17	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	260-264
17178383-6	2007	The maturation of MDDCs in the presence of PTX and LPS was characterized by the decreased expression of maturation marker CD83 and costimulatory molecule CD86, as well as lower stimulation of alloreactive T cells compared to the control MDDCs cultivated with LPS alone.	Pentoxifylline	43-46	CD83 molecule	Homo sapiens	122-126
17178383-6	2007	The maturation of MDDCs in the presence of PTX and LPS was characterized by the decreased expression of maturation marker CD83 and costimulatory molecule CD86, as well as lower stimulation of alloreactive T cells compared to the control MDDCs cultivated with LPS alone.	Pentoxifylline	43-46	CD86 molecule	Homo sapiens	154-158
17178383-7	2007	PTX-treated MDDCs which were induced to mature with LPS produced lower levels of TNF-alpha, IL-12 and IL-18 and higher levels of IL-10 than corresponding control MDDCs.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	81-90
17178383-7	2007	PTX-treated MDDCs which were induced to mature with LPS produced lower levels of TNF-alpha, IL-12 and IL-18 and higher levels of IL-10 than corresponding control MDDCs.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	interleukin 18	Homo sapiens	102-107
17178383-7	2007	PTX-treated MDDCs which were induced to mature with LPS produced lower levels of TNF-alpha, IL-12 and IL-18 and higher levels of IL-10 than corresponding control MDDCs.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	129-134
17224798-7	2007	The treatment with PTX reduced the serum levels of IL-1beta irrespective of the lymph circulation interruption but was effective to increase the IL-10 levels in intact rats during I/R.	Pentoxifylline	19-22	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	145-150
17224798-8	2007	The lymphatic levels of IL-1beta of rats subjected to I/R were reduced and those of IL-10 were increased after treatment with PTX.	Pentoxifylline	126-129	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	24-32
17224798-8	2007	The lymphatic levels of IL-1beta of rats subjected to I/R were reduced and those of IL-10 were increased after treatment with PTX.	Pentoxifylline	126-129	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	84-89
20020971-8	2007	Pentoxifylline also recovered a diazinon-induced decrease in liver and muscle total antioxidant capacity and plasma ChE by 122.33%, 56.44%, and 115.62%, respectively.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	116-119
18257406-4	2007	The newest trend in the treatment of this multi-organ granulomatose disease of unknown origin is the use of TNF inhibitors--pentoxifyllin, infliximab, adalimumab, leflunomid, thalidomid.	Pentoxifylline	124-137	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	108-111
17210398-11	2007	Cox regression models increased the significance of the pentoxifylline effect (relative risk of healing, 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.0 to 2.0).	Pentoxifylline	56-70	cytochrome c oxidase subunit 8A	Homo sapiens	0-3
17203086-6	2007	Pilot studies on the use of anti-TNF drugs, such as pentoxifylline or infliximab, in the treatment of ASH have now been performed with various levels of success.	Pentoxifylline	52-66	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	33-36
18333125-0	2007	Pentoxifylline inhibits liver expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA following normothermic ischemia-reperfusion.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	44-71
18333125-2	2007	AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of PTX on liver expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) mRNA following normothermic liver I-R. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A segmental normothermic ischemia of the liver was induced in male Lewis rats by occluding the blood vessels including the bile duct to the median and left lateral lobes for 90 min.	Pentoxifylline	58-61	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	85-112
18333125-2	2007	AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of PTX on liver expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) mRNA following normothermic liver I-R. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A segmental normothermic ischemia of the liver was induced in male Lewis rats by occluding the blood vessels including the bile duct to the median and left lateral lobes for 90 min.	Pentoxifylline	58-61	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	114-122
18333125-11	2007	Serum activities of TNFalpha were significantly decreased and liver expression of TNFalpha mRNA was inhibited after PTX treatment.	Pentoxifylline	116-119	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	20-28
18333125-11	2007	Serum activities of TNFalpha were significantly decreased and liver expression of TNFalpha mRNA was inhibited after PTX treatment.	Pentoxifylline	116-119	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	82-90
18333125-12	2007	CONCLUSION: PTX protects the liver from ischemic injury and inhibits liver expression of TNFalpha mRNA.	Pentoxifylline	12-15	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	89-97
17938572-5	2007	Finally, the effect of pentoxifylline is dramatically reduced in cells expressing a dominant negative ATR protein, and in primary human cells that exhibit low level of ATR activity, suggesting that the effect of pentoxifylline on HIV-1 transduction and replication is at least partly mediated by suppression of the ATR kinase.	Pentoxifylline	23-37	ATR serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	102-105
17198087-3	2007	The purpose of this study was to determine whether PTX could suppress DC differentiation, maturation, and its associated functions.	Pentoxifylline	51-54	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22	Mus musculus	70-72
17198087-5	2007	PTX concentration-dependently suppressed the expression of iDC differentiation markers including CD54, CD80, CD86, and human leukocyte antigen-DR.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	97-101
17198087-5	2007	PTX concentration-dependently suppressed the expression of iDC differentiation markers including CD54, CD80, CD86, and human leukocyte antigen-DR.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	CD80 molecule	Homo sapiens	103-107
17198087-5	2007	PTX concentration-dependently suppressed the expression of iDC differentiation markers including CD54, CD80, CD86, and human leukocyte antigen-DR.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	CD86 molecule	Homo sapiens	109-113
17198087-6	2007	In addition, PTX also inhibited DC maturation marker CD83 expression after stimulating DCs with lipopolysaccharide.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22	Mus musculus	32-34
17198087-6	2007	In addition, PTX also inhibited DC maturation marker CD83 expression after stimulating DCs with lipopolysaccharide.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	CD83 molecule	Homo sapiens	53-57
17198087-8	2007	PTX significantly reduced the production of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in mature DCs (mDCs).	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	44-53
17198087-8	2007	PTX significantly reduced the production of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma in mature DCs (mDCs).	Pentoxifylline	0-3	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	58-67
17198087-9	2007	Consequently, PTX-treated mDCs showed a reduced activity of mDC-induced T-cell allostimulation and proliferation by mixed-lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay.	Pentoxifylline	14-17	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22	Mus musculus	26-29
17198087-10	2007	Therefore, PTX significantly inhibits CD14+ monocyte-derived DC differentiation, maturation, antigen-uptake ability of iDCs, and antigen-presentation ability of mDCs possibly due to the suppression of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma production.	Pentoxifylline	11-14	CD14 molecule	Homo sapiens	38-42
17198087-10	2007	Therefore, PTX significantly inhibits CD14+ monocyte-derived DC differentiation, maturation, antigen-uptake ability of iDCs, and antigen-presentation ability of mDCs possibly due to the suppression of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma production.	Pentoxifylline	11-14	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 22	Mus musculus	61-63
17198087-10	2007	Therefore, PTX significantly inhibits CD14+ monocyte-derived DC differentiation, maturation, antigen-uptake ability of iDCs, and antigen-presentation ability of mDCs possibly due to the suppression of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma production.	Pentoxifylline	11-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	201-210
17198087-10	2007	Therefore, PTX significantly inhibits CD14+ monocyte-derived DC differentiation, maturation, antigen-uptake ability of iDCs, and antigen-presentation ability of mDCs possibly due to the suppression of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma production.	Pentoxifylline	11-14	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	215-224
20020971-6	2007	Pentoxifylline increased plasma glucose, hepatic GP, and PEPCK by 98.65%, 60%, and 79.86%, respectively, while it did not change plasma ChE, liver and muscle lipid peroxides, and total antioxidant capacity.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-62
20020971-10	2007	It is concluded that pentoxifylline is a good choice for the alleviation of acute toxic stress of diazinon in muscle and liver and ChE in plasma, while it is unable to recover diazinon-induced hyperglycemia.	Pentoxifylline	21-35	butyrylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	131-134
17063165-3	2006	Pentoxifylline, which improves red cell deformability, lowers fibrinogen levels and decreases platelet aggregation, has been used historically, but frequency of use has declined because of limited effectiveness.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	62-72
17287559-2	2006	Pentoxiphylline is a TNF inhibitor with properties that might make it useful for the treatment of HIV infection.	Pentoxifylline	0-15	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	21-24
17287559-4	2006	We carried out this study to determine the therapeutic utility of pentoxiphylline in improving constitutional manifestations, preventing opportunistic infections and sustaining CD4 counts among asymptomatic HIV infected individuals (i.e., those with no opportunistic infection).	Pentoxifylline	66-81	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	177-180
17287559-14	2006	INTERPRETATION &amp; CONCLUSION: Pentoxiphylline therapy in HIV infected individuals, who were free of opportunistic infections, improved their body weight, minimized opportunistic infections, increased and sustained CD4 counts.	Pentoxifylline	33-48	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	217-220
17065572-0	2006	Blocking of Akt/NF-kappaB signaling by pentoxifylline inhibits platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated proliferation in Brown Norway rat airway smooth muscle cells.	Pentoxifylline	39-53	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	12-15
17065572-4	2006	This investigation demonstrated that pentoxifylline (PTX) inhibited the PDGF-stimulated proliferation of ASMC by suppressing activation of the Akt/NF-kappaB pathway.	Pentoxifylline	37-51	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	143-146
17065572-4	2006	This investigation demonstrated that pentoxifylline (PTX) inhibited the PDGF-stimulated proliferation of ASMC by suppressing activation of the Akt/NF-kappaB pathway.	Pentoxifylline	53-56	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	143-146
17065572-6	2006	PTX and wortmannin, a PI3 K inhibitor, not only inhibited the PDGF-activated phosphorylation of Akt but also suppressed p70S6 K expression and IkappaBalpha degradation, inhibiting nuclear translocation and the DNA binding activity of NF-kappaB.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	96-99
17065572-6	2006	PTX and wortmannin, a PI3 K inhibitor, not only inhibited the PDGF-activated phosphorylation of Akt but also suppressed p70S6 K expression and IkappaBalpha degradation, inhibiting nuclear translocation and the DNA binding activity of NF-kappaB.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1	Rattus norvegicus	120-127
17065572-6	2006	PTX and wortmannin, a PI3 K inhibitor, not only inhibited the PDGF-activated phosphorylation of Akt but also suppressed p70S6 K expression and IkappaBalpha degradation, inhibiting nuclear translocation and the DNA binding activity of NF-kappaB.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	143-155
17065572-9	2006	These data reveal that the down-regulation of the Akt/NF-kappaB signaling pathway by PTX inhibited the proliferation of ASMC.	Pentoxifylline	85-88	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	50-53
16985210-3	2006	Pentoxifylline has several functions including downregulation of TNF-alpha and endothelia-dependent vascular relaxation.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	65-74
16985210-4	2006	We hypothesized that pentoxifylline may afford renal protection during endotoxemia either by downregulating TNF-alpha and/or by improving endothelial function.	Pentoxifylline	21-35	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	108-117
16985210-6	2006	This renal protective effect of pentoxifylline was associated with an inhibition of the rise in serum TNF-alpha (1.00 +/- 0.55 vs. 7.02 +/- 2.40 pg/ml, P &lt; 0.05) and serum IL-1beta (31.3 +/- 3.6 vs. 53.3 +/- 5.9 pg/ml, P &lt; 0.01) induced by LPS.	Pentoxifylline	32-46	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	102-111
16985210-6	2006	This renal protective effect of pentoxifylline was associated with an inhibition of the rise in serum TNF-alpha (1.00 +/- 0.55 vs. 7.02 +/- 2.40 pg/ml, P &lt; 0.05) and serum IL-1beta (31.3 +/- 3.6 vs. 53.3 +/- 5.9 pg/ml, P &lt; 0.01) induced by LPS.	Pentoxifylline	32-46	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	175-183
16985210-7	2006	Pentoxifylline also reversed the LPS-related increase in renal iNOS and ICAM-1 and rise in serum nitric oxide (NO).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	63-67
16985210-7	2006	Pentoxifylline also reversed the LPS-related increase in renal iNOS and ICAM-1 and rise in serum nitric oxide (NO).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	72-78
16985210-12	2006	Thus pentoxifylline, an FDA-approved drug, protects against endotoxemia-related ARF and involves a decrease in serum TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and NO as well as a decrease in renal iNOS and ICAM-1.	Pentoxifylline	5-19	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	117-126
16985210-12	2006	Thus pentoxifylline, an FDA-approved drug, protects against endotoxemia-related ARF and involves a decrease in serum TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and NO as well as a decrease in renal iNOS and ICAM-1.	Pentoxifylline	5-19	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	128-136
16985210-12	2006	Thus pentoxifylline, an FDA-approved drug, protects against endotoxemia-related ARF and involves a decrease in serum TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and NO as well as a decrease in renal iNOS and ICAM-1.	Pentoxifylline	5-19	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	176-180
16985210-12	2006	Thus pentoxifylline, an FDA-approved drug, protects against endotoxemia-related ARF and involves a decrease in serum TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and NO as well as a decrease in renal iNOS and ICAM-1.	Pentoxifylline	5-19	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	185-191
16703270-7	2006	MLT, PTX and MLT+PTX increased the GSH-Px and CAT activities compared to the toxicity group (p &lt; 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	5-8	catalase	Mus musculus	46-49
16703270-7	2006	MLT, PTX and MLT+PTX increased the GSH-Px and CAT activities compared to the toxicity group (p &lt; 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	17-20	catalase	Mus musculus	46-49
17112855-1	2006	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor that inhibits the production of TNFalpha and IL6 and IL-10 cytokines.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	99-107
17112855-1	2006	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor that inhibits the production of TNFalpha and IL6 and IL-10 cytokines.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	112-115
17112855-1	2006	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor that inhibits the production of TNFalpha and IL6 and IL-10 cytokines.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	120-125
17112855-1	2006	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor that inhibits the production of TNFalpha and IL6 and IL-10 cytokines.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	99-107
17112855-1	2006	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor that inhibits the production of TNFalpha and IL6 and IL-10 cytokines.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	112-115
17112855-1	2006	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a nonselective phosphodiesterase inhibitor that inhibits the production of TNFalpha and IL6 and IL-10 cytokines.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	120-125
17112855-8	2006	In summary IL-10 and TNF-alpha levels decreased in stable recipients treated with PTx.	Pentoxifylline	82-85	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	11-16
17112855-8	2006	In summary IL-10 and TNF-alpha levels decreased in stable recipients treated with PTx.	Pentoxifylline	82-85	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	21-30
18172961-12	2006	CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that pentoxifylline can prevent further degradation of nitrogen in patients suffering from phlegmona of the foot, decreasing the catabolic effect of infection, most probably by inhibiting the effect of TNF-alpha, interleukin-1 and interleukin-6, without any significant effect on leukocytosis during four days of treatment.	Pentoxifylline	37-51	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	234-243
18172961-12	2006	CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that pentoxifylline can prevent further degradation of nitrogen in patients suffering from phlegmona of the foot, decreasing the catabolic effect of infection, most probably by inhibiting the effect of TNF-alpha, interleukin-1 and interleukin-6, without any significant effect on leukocytosis during four days of treatment.	Pentoxifylline	37-51	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	245-258
18172961-12	2006	CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that pentoxifylline can prevent further degradation of nitrogen in patients suffering from phlegmona of the foot, decreasing the catabolic effect of infection, most probably by inhibiting the effect of TNF-alpha, interleukin-1 and interleukin-6, without any significant effect on leukocytosis during four days of treatment.	Pentoxifylline	37-51	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	263-276
16778119-8	2006	Chronic treatment with pentoxifylline, which mainly inhibits TNF-alpha synthesis, reduced levels of circulating TNF-alpha and attenuated neointimal hyperplasia after AMI.	Pentoxifylline	23-37	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	61-70
16614058-10	2006	IGF-1 mRNA levels also have been evaluated in the gastrocnemius of AH-130 hosts treated with pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of TNF-alpha synthesis, alone or combined with formoterol, a beta(2)-adrenergic agonist.	Pentoxifylline	93-107	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	125-134
16614058-11	2006	Both treatments partially correct muscle atrophy without modifying IGF-1 and atrogin-1 mRNA levels, whereas MuRF1 hyperexpression is reduced by the combination of pentoxifylline with formoterol.	Pentoxifylline	163-177	tripartite motif containing 63	Rattus norvegicus	108-113
17064471-0	2006	[Effects of pentoxifylline on hepatic nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway and insulin resistance in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis rats induced by fat-rich diet].	Pentoxifylline	12-26	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	38-60
17064471-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathway, insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) expressions in livers in a rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).	Pentoxifylline	37-51	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-83
17064471-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathway, insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) expressions in livers in a rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).	Pentoxifylline	37-51	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	85-90
17064471-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathway, insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) expressions in livers in a rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).	Pentoxifylline	53-56	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Rattus norvegicus	61-83
17064471-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) signaling pathway, insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) and glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) expressions in livers in a rat model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH).	Pentoxifylline	53-56	insulin receptor	Rattus norvegicus	111-127
17064471-9	2006	The expression of TNFalpha protein was markedly increased in the model group (vs. the control group) but decreased in the PTX group (vs. the model group).	Pentoxifylline	122-125	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	18-26
17064471-11	2006	IRS-2 mRNA expression was markedly increased in the model group, and significantly decreased in the PTX group when compared with the model group (P less than 0.01).	Pentoxifylline	100-103	insulin receptor substrate 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
16778119-8	2006	Chronic treatment with pentoxifylline, which mainly inhibits TNF-alpha synthesis, reduced levels of circulating TNF-alpha and attenuated neointimal hyperplasia after AMI.	Pentoxifylline	23-37	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	112-121
16941686-8	2006	Pentoxifylline treatment prevented TNF upregulation and ASMase activation.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	35-38
16941686-8	2006	Pentoxifylline treatment prevented TNF upregulation and ASMase activation.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1, acid lysosomal	Mus musculus	56-62
16904968-9	2006	PTX administration resulted in a 106% decrease in TNF-alpha (P &lt; 0.0001).	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	50-59
16864701-3	2006	Published evidence points to a significant role of pentoxifylline in inhibition of TNF-alpha and in reducing mucosal injury and improving healing in ischemia-reperfusion experiments.	Pentoxifylline	51-65	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	83-92
16904968-11	2006	Administration of PTX to the supernatant + LPS group generated a 33% decrease in MMP-9 levels, which was not statistically significant (P &lt; 0.4).	Pentoxifylline	18-21	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	81-86
16904968-14	2006	CONCLUSIONS: PTX downregulates CD66b and TNF-alpha expression in supernatant-induced whole blood.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	CEA cell adhesion molecule 8	Homo sapiens	31-36
16904968-7	2006	Neutrophil CD66b expression was determined by flow cytometry in blood treated with HBSS, fMLP (1 micromol/L), supernatant + fMLP, or supernatant + fMLP + PTX.	Pentoxifylline	154-157	CEA cell adhesion molecule 8	Homo sapiens	11-16
16904968-14	2006	CONCLUSIONS: PTX downregulates CD66b and TNF-alpha expression in supernatant-induced whole blood.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	41-50
16814167-8	2006	CONCLUSIONS: Our results reflect oxidative stress in placenta tissues of early pregnancy failure, as the oxidative processes seem to be counteracted by the physiologic activation of antioxidant enzymes such as CAT and GSH-Px.	Pentoxifylline	222-224	catalase	Homo sapiens	210-213
16690368-4	2006	We hypothesized that PTX down-regulates neutrophil activation by decreasing the surface expression of both CD35 and CD66b, two markers of neutrophil degranulation.	Pentoxifylline	21-24	complement C3b/C4b receptor 1 (Knops blood group)	Homo sapiens	107-111
16778372-12	2006	PAI-1 levels were lower in animals receiving IP pentoxifylline compared to control animals and those treated with IV pentoxifylline (p = 0.048, p = 0.015, respectively).	Pentoxifylline	48-62	serpin family E member 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
16778372-12	2006	PAI-1 levels were lower in animals receiving IP pentoxifylline compared to control animals and those treated with IV pentoxifylline (p = 0.048, p = 0.015, respectively).	Pentoxifylline	117-131	serpin family E member 2	Rattus norvegicus	0-5
16690368-4	2006	We hypothesized that PTX down-regulates neutrophil activation by decreasing the surface expression of both CD35 and CD66b, two markers of neutrophil degranulation.	Pentoxifylline	21-24	CEA cell adhesion molecule 8	Homo sapiens	116-121
16722614-5	2006	In p53 mutant cells irradiation induces a G2 block which is abrogated by Pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	73-87	cellular tumor antigen p53	Cricetulus griseus	3-6
16764700-2	2006	The aim of the study is to analyse the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and the chemokine CXCL8 (IL-8) in liver tissue and their expression and secretion in PBMC of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), in response to pentoxyfilline (PTX).	Pentoxifylline	260-274	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	129-134
16764700-2	2006	The aim of the study is to analyse the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and the chemokine CXCL8 (IL-8) in liver tissue and their expression and secretion in PBMC of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), in response to pentoxyfilline (PTX).	Pentoxifylline	260-274	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	136-140
16764700-2	2006	The aim of the study is to analyse the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and the chemokine CXCL8 (IL-8) in liver tissue and their expression and secretion in PBMC of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), in response to pentoxyfilline (PTX).	Pentoxifylline	276-279	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	129-134
16764700-2	2006	The aim of the study is to analyse the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and the chemokine CXCL8 (IL-8) in liver tissue and their expression and secretion in PBMC of patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), in response to pentoxyfilline (PTX).	Pentoxifylline	276-279	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	136-140
16764700-5	2006	Pentoxyfilline resulted in decreased expression of mRNA of liver IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma: 144.2 versus 83.5 molecules of IL-1beta (P &lt; 0.05), TNF-alpha 194.3 versus 17.6 molecules (P = 0.03) and IFN-gamma 26.1 versus 0.5 molecules (P = 0.04).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	65-73
16764700-5	2006	Pentoxyfilline resulted in decreased expression of mRNA of liver IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma: 144.2 versus 83.5 molecules of IL-1beta (P &lt; 0.05), TNF-alpha 194.3 versus 17.6 molecules (P = 0.03) and IFN-gamma 26.1 versus 0.5 molecules (P = 0.04).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	75-84
16764700-5	2006	Pentoxyfilline resulted in decreased expression of mRNA of liver IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma: 144.2 versus 83.5 molecules of IL-1beta (P &lt; 0.05), TNF-alpha 194.3 versus 17.6 molecules (P = 0.03) and IFN-gamma 26.1 versus 0.5 molecules (P = 0.04).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	89-98
16764700-5	2006	Pentoxyfilline resulted in decreased expression of mRNA of liver IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma: 144.2 versus 83.5 molecules of IL-1beta (P &lt; 0.05), TNF-alpha 194.3 versus 17.6 molecules (P = 0.03) and IFN-gamma 26.1 versus 0.5 molecules (P = 0.04).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	131-139
16764700-5	2006	Pentoxyfilline resulted in decreased expression of mRNA of liver IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma: 144.2 versus 83.5 molecules of IL-1beta (P &lt; 0.05), TNF-alpha 194.3 versus 17.6 molecules (P = 0.03) and IFN-gamma 26.1 versus 0.5 molecules (P = 0.04).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	155-164
16764700-5	2006	Pentoxyfilline resulted in decreased expression of mRNA of liver IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma: 144.2 versus 83.5 molecules of IL-1beta (P &lt; 0.05), TNF-alpha 194.3 versus 17.6 molecules (P = 0.03) and IFN-gamma 26.1 versus 0.5 molecules (P = 0.04).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	208-217
16764700-6	2006	Following PTX, PBMC exhibited a decrease in IFN-gamma mRNA 12.2 versus 1.5 molecules (P = 0.028) and CXCL8 4.2 versus 2.5 molecules (P = 0.027).	Pentoxifylline	10-13	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	44-53
16764700-6	2006	Following PTX, PBMC exhibited a decrease in IFN-gamma mRNA 12.2 versus 1.5 molecules (P = 0.028) and CXCL8 4.2 versus 2.5 molecules (P = 0.027).	Pentoxifylline	10-13	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	101-106
16263228-12	2006	Furthermore, pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of TNF-alpha synthesis, significantly inhibited TNF-alpha production, reduced fetal mortality, and reversed LPS-induced fetal intra-uterine growth restriction and skeletal development retardation.	Pentoxifylline	13-27	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	45-54
16263228-12	2006	Furthermore, pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of TNF-alpha synthesis, significantly inhibited TNF-alpha production, reduced fetal mortality, and reversed LPS-induced fetal intra-uterine growth restriction and skeletal development retardation.	Pentoxifylline	13-27	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	90-99
16545799-3	2006	Here, we compared the effects of M4 and M5 with that of PTX and its major reductive metabolite, M1, on TNF-alpha production and cytotoxicity, endothelial cell proliferation and on the ATPase activity related to some ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters.	Pentoxifylline	56-59	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	103-112
16309798-2	2006	In vitro studies demonstrated that PTX has anti-TNFalpha properties.	Pentoxifylline	35-38	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	48-56
16541021-0	2006	Pentoxifylline ameliorates proteinuria through suppression of renal monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in patients with proteinuric primary glomerular diseases.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	68-102
16541021-8	2006	PTX lowered the urinary MCP-1/Cr ratio, and the percent reduction of urinary protein/Cr ratio correlated directly with the precent decrease of urinary MCP-1/Cr ratio after PTX treatment.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	24-29
16541021-8	2006	PTX lowered the urinary MCP-1/Cr ratio, and the percent reduction of urinary protein/Cr ratio correlated directly with the precent decrease of urinary MCP-1/Cr ratio after PTX treatment.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	151-156
16541021-8	2006	PTX lowered the urinary MCP-1/Cr ratio, and the percent reduction of urinary protein/Cr ratio correlated directly with the precent decrease of urinary MCP-1/Cr ratio after PTX treatment.	Pentoxifylline	172-175	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	151-156
16236273-8	2006	PTX suppressed drowning-induced ICAM-1 and TNF-alphamRNA elevation and inhibited NF-kappaB activation in blood neutrophils and lungs.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	32-38
16537374-10	2006	IL-6 and IL-10 levels were dramatically up-regulated (50x) in the PTX group, and at lower levels in other experimental groups.	Pentoxifylline	66-69	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	0-4
16537374-10	2006	IL-6 and IL-10 levels were dramatically up-regulated (50x) in the PTX group, and at lower levels in other experimental groups.	Pentoxifylline	66-69	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	9-14
16537374-11	2006	The protective effect of PTX was lost in IL-6(-/-) mice and protection was restored by a single dose of r-IL-6.	Pentoxifylline	25-28	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	41-45
16537374-13	2006	The superior effects of PTX are mediated by IL-6.	Pentoxifylline	24-27	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	44-48
16388856-2	2006	UNLABELLED: The aim of this work was to investigate whether in vivo and in vitro pentoxifylline (PTX) sensitizes hematological tumor cells to adriamycin (ADM)-induced apoptosis, and to investigate the involvement of caspase cascades and phosphorylated forms of IkappaBalpha.	Pentoxifylline	81-95	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha	Mus musculus	261-273
16388856-2	2006	UNLABELLED: The aim of this work was to investigate whether in vivo and in vitro pentoxifylline (PTX) sensitizes hematological tumor cells to adriamycin (ADM)-induced apoptosis, and to investigate the involvement of caspase cascades and phosphorylated forms of IkappaBalpha.	Pentoxifylline	97-100	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha	Mus musculus	261-273
16388856-13	2006	Pretreatment with TNFalpha (10 ng/mL) increased apoptosis in PTX- or ADM-treated U937 cells.	Pentoxifylline	61-64	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	18-26
16236273-8	2006	PTX suppressed drowning-induced ICAM-1 and TNF-alphamRNA elevation and inhibited NF-kappaB activation in blood neutrophils and lungs.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	43-46
16236273-10	2006	PTX decreases expression of ICAM-1 and TNF-alpha, possibly via inhibition of NF-kappaB.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	28-34
16236273-10	2006	PTX decreases expression of ICAM-1 and TNF-alpha, possibly via inhibition of NF-kappaB.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	39-48
16546733-2	2006	METHODS: MTT assay was performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of PTX on p53-defective human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line Hep3b and clonogenic assay employed to observe its effects on the radiosensitivity of the cells quantified by calculating the sensitive enhancement ratio (SER).	Pentoxifylline	65-68	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	72-75
16546733-6	2006	Clonogenic survival assays up to 12 Gy demonstrated that p53-defective Hep3b cells (SER of 2.68+/-0.24) were sensitized by PTX (2 mmol/L).	Pentoxifylline	123-126	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	57-60
16485727-10	2006	On the other hand, plasma haptoglobin levels stayed higher in PTX-medicated patients during the CPB as compared to control subjects.	Pentoxifylline	62-65	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	26-37
17008791-0	2006	In vitro induction of apoptosis in U937 cells by perillyl alcohol with sensitization by pentoxifylline: increased BCL-2 and BAX protein expression.	Pentoxifylline	88-102	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	114-119
16365386-7	2006	PTX also reduced the expression of the endopeptidase cathepsin-l, a marker of muscle damage, in EAMG muscles.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	cathepsin L	Rattus norvegicus	53-64
16479063-2	2006	The combination of pentoxifylline (P) and ciprofloxacin (C) has been shown to reduce the serum levels of TNF-alpha, and an earlier trial of P and C with dexamethasone (D) provided good palliation for patients with MDS.	Pentoxifylline	19-33	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	105-114
16512644-0	2006	[Effects and mechanism of pentoxifylline on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in the rat cardiac myocytes after lipopolysaccharide challenge].	Pentoxifylline	26-40	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-95
16512644-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) of rat cardiac myocytes after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in vitro, and to evaluate the protective effect of PTX on cardiac myocytes and its mechanism.	Pentoxifylline	41-55	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-116
16512644-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) of rat cardiac myocytes after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in vitro, and to evaluate the protective effect of PTX on cardiac myocytes and its mechanism.	Pentoxifylline	41-55	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	118-124
16512644-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) of rat cardiac myocytes after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in vitro, and to evaluate the protective effect of PTX on cardiac myocytes and its mechanism.	Pentoxifylline	57-60	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-116
16512644-1	2006	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) of rat cardiac myocytes after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge in vitro, and to evaluate the protective effect of PTX on cardiac myocytes and its mechanism.	Pentoxifylline	57-60	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	118-124
16512644-6	2006	The expression of ICAM-1 in cardiac myocyte was also determined after the addition of 50, 100, 200 mg/L of PTX before LPS challenge.	Pentoxifylline	107-110	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	18-24
16512644-11	2006	With the addition of PTX, the expression of ICAM-1 and NF-KappaB p65 was depressed, and the expression of IKappaB-alpha was elevated.	Pentoxifylline	21-24	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	44-50
16512644-11	2006	With the addition of PTX, the expression of ICAM-1 and NF-KappaB p65 was depressed, and the expression of IKappaB-alpha was elevated.	Pentoxifylline	21-24	synaptotagmin 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-68
16512644-11	2006	With the addition of PTX, the expression of ICAM-1 and NF-KappaB p65 was depressed, and the expression of IKappaB-alpha was elevated.	Pentoxifylline	21-24	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	106-119
16512644-12	2006	CONCLUSION: PTX may have a protective effect on the cardiac myocytes against LPS injury through inhibiting the pathway of NF-KappaB, which regulates the production of ICAM-1.	Pentoxifylline	12-15	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	167-173
17008791-0	2006	In vitro induction of apoptosis in U937 cells by perillyl alcohol with sensitization by pentoxifylline: increased BCL-2 and BAX protein expression.	Pentoxifylline	88-102	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	124-127
16328022-0	2006	Influence of pentoxifylline on natural cytotoxicity and expression of granzymes and PI-9, a specific granzyme B inhibitor.	Pentoxifylline	13-27	serpin family B member 9	Homo sapiens	84-88
16328022-6	2006	In this study, we show that PTX inhibits expression of granzyme A in human leukocytes probably due to suppression of phosphodiesterase activity.	Pentoxifylline	28-31	granzyme A	Homo sapiens	55-65
16328022-7	2006	Contrary, PTX does not affect expression of granzyme B and H. On the other hand we hypothesized that PTX could inhibit natural cytotoxicity not only affecting leukocytes but also due to generation of resistance to leukocyte-mediated cytotoxicity in target cells e.g. through overexpression of PI-9, a specific granzyme B inhibitor.	Pentoxifylline	101-104	serpin family B member 9	Homo sapiens	293-297
16328022-7	2006	Contrary, PTX does not affect expression of granzyme B and H. On the other hand we hypothesized that PTX could inhibit natural cytotoxicity not only affecting leukocytes but also due to generation of resistance to leukocyte-mediated cytotoxicity in target cells e.g. through overexpression of PI-9, a specific granzyme B inhibitor.	Pentoxifylline	101-104	granzyme B	Homo sapiens	310-320
16328022-8	2006	We found that at the mRNA level, PTX stimulates expression of PI-9 in K562 cells.	Pentoxifylline	33-36	serpin family B member 9	Homo sapiens	62-66
16328022-10	2006	It may suggest that other PTX-triggered molecular events may interfere with PI-9 overexpression in these cells at the further, post-transcriptional levels.	Pentoxifylline	26-29	serpin family B member 9	Homo sapiens	76-80
16328022-12	2006	Altogether, PTX inhibits natural cytotoxicity affecting mainly effector but not target cells and in case of the effector cells, besides previously reported mechanisms, it can also inhibit granzyme A expression.	Pentoxifylline	12-15	granzyme A	Homo sapiens	188-198
16426349-1	2006	BACKGROUND: Pentoxifylline (Ptx) decreases necessity of cell energy and inflammatory reactions via inhibition of 5"-nucleotidase (5"-NT).	Pentoxifylline	12-26	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	113-128
16377492-12	2006	More importantly, PTX decreased neutrophil oxidative burst by 114% in supernatant + fMLP-stimulated whole blood (p &lt; 0.001).	Pentoxifylline	18-21	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	84-88
16377492-13	2006	PTX decreased CD11b expression in both fMLP (p &lt; 0.01) and fMLP+supernatant-stimulated whole blood (p &lt; 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	0-3	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	14-19
16377492-13	2006	PTX decreased CD11b expression in both fMLP (p &lt; 0.01) and fMLP+supernatant-stimulated whole blood (p &lt; 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	0-3	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	39-43
16377492-13	2006	PTX decreased CD11b expression in both fMLP (p &lt; 0.01) and fMLP+supernatant-stimulated whole blood (p &lt; 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	0-3	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	62-66
16377492-15	2006	N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-induced CD35 expression was downregulated by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	85-88	complement C3b/C4b receptor 1 (Knops blood group)	Homo sapiens	48-52
16426349-1	2006	BACKGROUND: Pentoxifylline (Ptx) decreases necessity of cell energy and inflammatory reactions via inhibition of 5"-nucleotidase (5"-NT).	Pentoxifylline	28-31	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	113-128
16437640-5	2005	At 24 h after PH, DNA synthesis and PCNA expression were identical in treated and control rats and thus occurred irrespectively of the status of NF- kappa B activation at 0.5 h. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) activation was observed already 0.5 h after PH in saline, PDTC or PTX group and was similar to Stat3 activation in response to injection without PH.	Pentoxifylline	303-306	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	178-228
16785751-11	2006	CONCLUSION: PTX decreased the up-regulated activation of NF-kappaB and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in rat retinas following ischemia/reperfusion.	Pentoxifylline	12-15	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	116-125
16785751-11	2006	CONCLUSION: PTX decreased the up-regulated activation of NF-kappaB and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta in rat retinas following ischemia/reperfusion.	Pentoxifylline	12-15	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	130-138
16566217-6	2005	Bcl-2 was significantly higher in high (dose PTX group than in the infected control group and in low dose PTX group (P &lt; 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	45-48	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	0-5
16566217-6	2005	Bcl-2 was significantly higher in high (dose PTX group than in the infected control group and in low dose PTX group (P &lt; 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	106-109	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	0-5
16566217-8	2005	CONCLUSION: PTX treatment can significantly increase the expression of Bcl-2 in liver tissue of schistosome-infected mice in a dose-dependent manner, and may play a role against liver inflammation and schistosomiasis-related liver fibrosis.	Pentoxifylline	12-15	B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2	Mus musculus	71-76
16456445-2	2006	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, has been shown to decrease TNF-alpha levels and to down-regulate neutrophil activation, likely because of increases in intracellular cyclic AMP.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	80-89
16456445-2	2006	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, has been shown to decrease TNF-alpha levels and to down-regulate neutrophil activation, likely because of increases in intracellular cyclic AMP.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	80-89
16456445-12	2006	RESULTS: PTX treatment decreased BAL IL-8 levels, BAL MMP-2, and plasma MMP-9 activity.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Rattus norvegicus	54-59
16456445-12	2006	RESULTS: PTX treatment decreased BAL IL-8 levels, BAL MMP-2, and plasma MMP-9 activity.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Rattus norvegicus	72-77
16456445-13	2006	Lung neutrophil infiltration (MPO), ICAM-1 expression and NF-kappaB activation were decreased by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	97-100	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	30-33
16456445-13	2006	Lung neutrophil infiltration (MPO), ICAM-1 expression and NF-kappaB activation were decreased by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	97-100	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	36-42
16437640-5	2005	At 24 h after PH, DNA synthesis and PCNA expression were identical in treated and control rats and thus occurred irrespectively of the status of NF- kappa B activation at 0.5 h. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) activation was observed already 0.5 h after PH in saline, PDTC or PTX group and was similar to Stat3 activation in response to injection without PH.	Pentoxifylline	303-306	signal transducer and activator of transcription 3	Rattus norvegicus	230-235
16474189-0	2005	Prolongation of pentoxifylline aliphatic side chain positively affects the reversal of P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance in L1210/VCR line cells.	Pentoxifylline	16-30	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	87-101
16474189-1	2005	We reported previously that derivatives of pentoxifylline (PTX) reverse multidrug resistance (MDR) in P-glycoprotein (P-gp) positive L1210/VCR cells.	Pentoxifylline	59-62	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	118-122
16317704-4	2005	Some obese mice also received pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production, before each ethanol administration.	Pentoxifylline	30-44	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	62-89
16317704-4	2005	Some obese mice also received pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production, before each ethanol administration.	Pentoxifylline	30-44	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	91-100
16474189-1	2005	We reported previously that derivatives of pentoxifylline (PTX) reverse multidrug resistance (MDR) in P-glycoprotein (P-gp) positive L1210/VCR cells.	Pentoxifylline	43-57	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	102-116
16317704-9	2005	In intoxicated obese mice, pentoxifylline fully prevented the increase in plasma TNF-alpha the decrease in nuclear NF-kappaB activity, and the increase in hepatic caspase-3, and it also decreased hepatic triglycerides.	Pentoxifylline	27-41	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	81-90
16474189-1	2005	We reported previously that derivatives of pentoxifylline (PTX) reverse multidrug resistance (MDR) in P-glycoprotein (P-gp) positive L1210/VCR cells.	Pentoxifylline	43-57	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	118-122
16317704-9	2005	In intoxicated obese mice, pentoxifylline fully prevented the increase in plasma TNF-alpha the decrease in nuclear NF-kappaB activity, and the increase in hepatic caspase-3, and it also decreased hepatic triglycerides.	Pentoxifylline	27-41	caspase 3	Mus musculus	163-172
16474189-1	2005	We reported previously that derivatives of pentoxifylline (PTX) reverse multidrug resistance (MDR) in P-glycoprotein (P-gp) positive L1210/VCR cells.	Pentoxifylline	59-62	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	102-116
16225996-6	2005	Regarding radiosensitization of tumors, a large body of evidence suggests that Ptx improves tumor oxygenation and sensitizes p53 mutant tumors.	Pentoxifylline	79-82	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	125-128
15987746-0	2005	Pentoxifylline attenuates tubulointerstitial fibrosis by blocking Smad3/4-activated transcription and profibrogenic effects of connective tissue growth factor.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	SMAD family member 3	Rattus norvegicus	66-71
16133968-6	2005	At 4 days TNF-Ab, theophylline, or pentoxifylline treatment significantly decreased indomethacin-induced ulceration, myeloperoxidase activity, and disease activity index.	Pentoxifylline	35-49	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	117-132
16133968-9	2005	Treatment with TNF-Ab, theophylline, or pentoxifylline significantly reduced serum/tissue TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, nitrate/nitrite, and iNOS expression.	Pentoxifylline	40-54	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	90-99
16133968-9	2005	Treatment with TNF-Ab, theophylline, or pentoxifylline significantly reduced serum/tissue TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, nitrate/nitrite, and iNOS expression.	Pentoxifylline	40-54	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	101-109
16133968-9	2005	Treatment with TNF-Ab, theophylline, or pentoxifylline significantly reduced serum/tissue TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, nitrate/nitrite, and iNOS expression.	Pentoxifylline	40-54	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	132-136
16174071-2	2005	The authors" previous studies have indicated that prevention of bacterial translocation with norfloxacine or inhibition of TNF-alpha with pentoxifylline treatment decreased both the incidence and severity of hepatopulmonary syndrome by attenuating the induction of pulmonary intravascular macrophages in cirrhotic rats.	Pentoxifylline	138-152	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	123-132
16054185-3	2005	Male C57BL/6N mice were injected intravenously once with anti-TNFalpha antibodies or treated with pentoxifylline at 150 mg/kg intraperitoneally twice a day for 5 days to inhibit TNFalpha production before and during subcutaneous injection of 2.25mg FB1/kg daily for 5 days; mice were sampled one day after the last treatment.	Pentoxifylline	98-112	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	178-186
16054185-6	2005	Pentoxifylline significantly reduced accumulation of free sphinganine and expression of TNFalpha.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	88-96
15987746-9	2005	In conclusion, these results indicate that PTX inhibits CTGF expression by interfering with Smad3/4-dependent CTGF transcription through protein kinase A and blocks the profibrogenic effects of CTGF on renal cells.	Pentoxifylline	43-46	cellular communication network factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	110-114
15987746-9	2005	In conclusion, these results indicate that PTX inhibits CTGF expression by interfering with Smad3/4-dependent CTGF transcription through protein kinase A and blocks the profibrogenic effects of CTGF on renal cells.	Pentoxifylline	43-46	cellular communication network factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	110-114
15987746-0	2005	Pentoxifylline attenuates tubulointerstitial fibrosis by blocking Smad3/4-activated transcription and profibrogenic effects of connective tissue growth factor.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	cellular communication network factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	127-158
15987746-1	2005	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a potent inhibitor of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), but its underlying mechanism is poorly understood.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	cellular communication network factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	46-77
15987746-1	2005	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a potent inhibitor of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), but its underlying mechanism is poorly understood.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	cellular communication network factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	79-83
15987746-1	2005	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a potent inhibitor of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), but its underlying mechanism is poorly understood.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	cellular communication network factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	46-77
15987746-1	2005	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a potent inhibitor of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), but its underlying mechanism is poorly understood.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	cellular communication network factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	79-83
15987746-2	2005	Here, it was demonstrated that PTX inhibited not only TGF-beta1-induced CTGF expression but also CTGF-induced collagen I (alpha1) [Col I (alpha1)] expression in normal rat kidney fibroblasts (NRK-49F) and alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in normal rat kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E).	Pentoxifylline	31-34	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	54-63
15987746-2	2005	Here, it was demonstrated that PTX inhibited not only TGF-beta1-induced CTGF expression but also CTGF-induced collagen I (alpha1) [Col I (alpha1)] expression in normal rat kidney fibroblasts (NRK-49F) and alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in normal rat kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E).	Pentoxifylline	31-34	cellular communication network factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	72-76
15987746-2	2005	Here, it was demonstrated that PTX inhibited not only TGF-beta1-induced CTGF expression but also CTGF-induced collagen I (alpha1) [Col I (alpha1)] expression in normal rat kidney fibroblasts (NRK-49F) and alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in normal rat kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E).	Pentoxifylline	31-34	cellular communication network factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	97-101
15987746-2	2005	Here, it was demonstrated that PTX inhibited not only TGF-beta1-induced CTGF expression but also CTGF-induced collagen I (alpha1) [Col I (alpha1)] expression in normal rat kidney fibroblasts (NRK-49F) and alpha-smooth muscle actin expression in normal rat kidney proximal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E).	Pentoxifylline	31-34	actin gamma 2, smooth muscle	Rattus norvegicus	205-230
15987746-3	2005	Furthermore, PTX attenuated tubulointerstitial fibrosis, myofibroblasts accumulation, and expression of CTGF and Col I (alpha1) in unilateral ureteral obstruction kidneys.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	cellular communication network factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	104-108
15987746-4	2005	The mechanism by which PTX reduced CTGF in NRK-49F and NRK-52E was investigated.	Pentoxifylline	23-26	cellular communication network factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	35-39
15987746-6	2005	However, PTX was capable of blocking activation of TGF-beta1-induced Smad3/4-dependent reporter as well as CTGF promoter, suggesting that PTX affects a factor that acts cooperatively with Smad3/4 to execute transcriptional activation.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-60
15987746-6	2005	However, PTX was capable of blocking activation of TGF-beta1-induced Smad3/4-dependent reporter as well as CTGF promoter, suggesting that PTX affects a factor that acts cooperatively with Smad3/4 to execute transcriptional activation.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	SMAD family member 3	Rattus norvegicus	69-74
15987746-6	2005	However, PTX was capable of blocking activation of TGF-beta1-induced Smad3/4-dependent reporter as well as CTGF promoter, suggesting that PTX affects a factor that acts cooperatively with Smad3/4 to execute transcriptional activation.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	cellular communication network factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	107-111
15987746-6	2005	However, PTX was capable of blocking activation of TGF-beta1-induced Smad3/4-dependent reporter as well as CTGF promoter, suggesting that PTX affects a factor that acts cooperatively with Smad3/4 to execute transcriptional activation.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	SMAD family member 3	Rattus norvegicus	188-193
15987746-6	2005	However, PTX was capable of blocking activation of TGF-beta1-induced Smad3/4-dependent reporter as well as CTGF promoter, suggesting that PTX affects a factor that acts cooperatively with Smad3/4 to execute transcriptional activation.	Pentoxifylline	138-141	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-60
15987746-6	2005	However, PTX was capable of blocking activation of TGF-beta1-induced Smad3/4-dependent reporter as well as CTGF promoter, suggesting that PTX affects a factor that acts cooperatively with Smad3/4 to execute transcriptional activation.	Pentoxifylline	138-141	SMAD family member 3	Rattus norvegicus	69-74
15987746-6	2005	However, PTX was capable of blocking activation of TGF-beta1-induced Smad3/4-dependent reporter as well as CTGF promoter, suggesting that PTX affects a factor that acts cooperatively with Smad3/4 to execute transcriptional activation.	Pentoxifylline	138-141	cellular communication network factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	107-111
15987746-8	2005	The protein kinase A antagonist H89 abolished the inhibitory effect of PTX on Smad3/4-dependent CTGF transcription, whereas dibutyryl cAMP and forskolin recapitulated the inhibitory effect.	Pentoxifylline	71-74	SMAD family member 3	Rattus norvegicus	78-83
15987746-8	2005	The protein kinase A antagonist H89 abolished the inhibitory effect of PTX on Smad3/4-dependent CTGF transcription, whereas dibutyryl cAMP and forskolin recapitulated the inhibitory effect.	Pentoxifylline	71-74	cellular communication network factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	96-100
15987746-9	2005	In conclusion, these results indicate that PTX inhibits CTGF expression by interfering with Smad3/4-dependent CTGF transcription through protein kinase A and blocks the profibrogenic effects of CTGF on renal cells.	Pentoxifylline	43-46	cellular communication network factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	56-60
15987746-9	2005	In conclusion, these results indicate that PTX inhibits CTGF expression by interfering with Smad3/4-dependent CTGF transcription through protein kinase A and blocks the profibrogenic effects of CTGF on renal cells.	Pentoxifylline	43-46	SMAD family member 3	Rattus norvegicus	92-97
16361898-3	2005	Because pentoxifylline (PTX) is known to decrease tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production and to increase anti-inflammatory cytokine synthesis, we tested the hypothesis that PTX treatment would change the pro- and anti-inflammatory balance and decrease mortality in a murine model of acute endotoxemia.	Pentoxifylline	8-22	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	50-83
16361898-3	2005	Because pentoxifylline (PTX) is known to decrease tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production and to increase anti-inflammatory cytokine synthesis, we tested the hypothesis that PTX treatment would change the pro- and anti-inflammatory balance and decrease mortality in a murine model of acute endotoxemia.	Pentoxifylline	24-27	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	50-83
16361898-3	2005	Because pentoxifylline (PTX) is known to decrease tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha production and to increase anti-inflammatory cytokine synthesis, we tested the hypothesis that PTX treatment would change the pro- and anti-inflammatory balance and decrease mortality in a murine model of acute endotoxemia.	Pentoxifylline	179-182	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	50-83
16361898-10	2005	RESULTS: PTX markedly down-regulates TNF-alpha production.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	37-46
16361898-11	2005	IL-10 levels at 4 hours were up-regulated in both LPS and PTX + LPS-treated animals; however, levels were higher in the LPS groups, which paralleled high TNF-alpha levels.	Pentoxifylline	58-61	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	0-5
16361898-12	2005	In contrast, IL-10 levels at 4 and 24 hours in PTX + LPS-treated animals remained constant, whereas in LPS-treated animals, IL-10 levels at 24 hours were markedly decreased.	Pentoxifylline	47-50	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	13-18
16227642-5	2005	The administration of PTX at 72 mg/kg, conferred significant protection against the hepatotoxic actions of CCl4, reducing serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels to 31%, 59.2% and 63%, respectively.	Pentoxifylline	22-25	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	107-111
16227642-5	2005	The administration of PTX at 72 mg/kg, conferred significant protection against the hepatotoxic actions of CCl4, reducing serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels to 31%, 59.2% and 63%, respectively.	Pentoxifylline	22-25	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	128-154
16227642-1	2005	The effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on acute liver injury caused by CCl4 or acetaminophen was studied in the rat.	Pentoxifylline	14-28	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	67-71
16227642-5	2005	The administration of PTX at 72 mg/kg, conferred significant protection against the hepatotoxic actions of CCl4, reducing serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels to 31%, 59.2% and 63%, respectively.	Pentoxifylline	22-25	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	156-159
16227642-1	2005	The effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on acute liver injury caused by CCl4 or acetaminophen was studied in the rat.	Pentoxifylline	30-33	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	67-71
16227642-2	2005	PTX was given twice daily (18, 36 or 72 mg/kg), intraperitoneally (ip) for 5 days prior to CCl4 or acetaminophen.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	91-95
16227642-7	2005	Histochemical investigation revealed a decrease in glycogen and protein contents caused by CCl4 and these were prevented by PTX pretreatment.	Pentoxifylline	124-127	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	91-95
16227642-10	2005	Accordingly, with 72 mg/kg of PTX, the elevation of AST, ALT and ALP levels was lower by 45%, 80.6%, 54.3% for the former and by 32.4%, 77.2%, 52.4% for the latter, respectively.	Pentoxifylline	30-33	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
15833806-0	2005	Pentoxifylline attenuates cardiac dysfunction and reduces TNF-alpha level in ischemic-reperfused heart.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	58-67
16054598-5	2005	Treatment with pentoxifylline (PTX), an inhibitor for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion from LPS-activated microglia, blocked the reduction of betaIII-tubulin+ cells in NPC culture.	Pentoxifylline	15-29	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	54-81
16054598-5	2005	Treatment with pentoxifylline (PTX), an inhibitor for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion from LPS-activated microglia, blocked the reduction of betaIII-tubulin+ cells in NPC culture.	Pentoxifylline	15-29	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	83-92
16054598-5	2005	Treatment with pentoxifylline (PTX), an inhibitor for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion from LPS-activated microglia, blocked the reduction of betaIII-tubulin+ cells in NPC culture.	Pentoxifylline	31-34	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	54-81
16054598-5	2005	Treatment with pentoxifylline (PTX), an inhibitor for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion from LPS-activated microglia, blocked the reduction of betaIII-tubulin+ cells in NPC culture.	Pentoxifylline	31-34	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	83-92
15833806-2	2005	Because I/R is known to increase the level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in myocardium and PTXF has been shown to depress the production of TNF-alpha in failing heart, this study examined the hypothesis that PTXF may attenuate cardiac dysfunction and reduce TNF-alpha content in I/R heart.	Pentoxifylline	98-102	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	147-156
15833806-2	2005	Because I/R is known to increase the level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in myocardium and PTXF has been shown to depress the production of TNF-alpha in failing heart, this study examined the hypothesis that PTXF may attenuate cardiac dysfunction and reduce TNF-alpha content in I/R heart.	Pentoxifylline	215-219	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	147-156
15833806-2	2005	Because I/R is known to increase the level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in myocardium and PTXF has been shown to depress the production of TNF-alpha in failing heart, this study examined the hypothesis that PTXF may attenuate cardiac dysfunction and reduce TNF-alpha content in I/R heart.	Pentoxifylline	215-219	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	265-274
15833806-8	2005	These changes in TNF-alpha and NF-kappaB protein contents as well as in NF-kappaB redistribution due to I/R were significantly attenuated by PTXF treatment.	Pentoxifylline	141-145	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	17-26
15833806-9	2005	The results of this study indicate that the cardioprotective effects of PTXF against I/R injury may be due to reductions in the activation of NF-kappaB and the production of TNF-alpha content.	Pentoxifylline	72-76	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	174-183
15932791-6	2005	RESULTS: Pentoxifylline in comparison to placebo was effective (P &lt; 0.05) in reduction of lipid peroxidation in plasma of the patients without significant effects on TAP, levels of EGF and NO in plasma.	Pentoxifylline	9-23	epidermal growth factor	Homo sapiens	184-187
16294063-8	2005	RESULTS: The combination of PTX with HS10 and with HS40 markedly decreased LPS- (27 +/- 7 and 23 +/- 6 vs. 100; p &lt; 0.01), f-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine- (54 +/- 11 and 55 +/- 8 vs. 100; p &lt; 0.05), and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate- (30 +/- 4 and 54 +/- 9 vs. 100; p &lt; 0.01 and p &lt; 0.05, respectively) induced PMN oxidative burst.	Pentoxifylline	28-31	NPR3 like, GATOR1 complex subunit	Homo sapiens	51-55
16294063-9	2005	Furthermore, a significant decrease in LPS-induced neutrophil CD11b expression after PTX treatment (79 +/- 5 vs. 100; p &lt; 0.05) and HSPTX40 (68 +/- 7 vs. 100; p &lt; 0.05) was observed.	Pentoxifylline	85-88	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	62-67
16142639-6	2005	Co-treating the RAW 264.7 cells with alpha-hederin and pentoxifylline, a TNF-alpha synthesis inhibitor, resulted in decreased effects of alpha-hederin on MT induction.	Pentoxifylline	55-69	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	73-82
16044092-5	2005	Pentoxifylline, a TNF-alpha inhibitor, also reduced liver damage but did not alter NO or LPO in Pb + LPS-treated rats.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	18-27
15865553-2	2005	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivative and phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is known for its anti-inflammatory properties, including down-regulation of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha synthesis.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	159-177
15917336-9	2005	However, both serum and urinary levels of TNF-alpha also decreased in patients who received PTF, from 6.4 pg/ml (2.1 to 9.7) and 16 pg/mg (8 to 29) at baseline to 4.6 pg/ml (0.4 to 9) and 14.2 pg/mg (3 to 26) at the end of the study, respectively (P &lt; 0.01), without significant variations in control patients.	Pentoxifylline	92-95	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	42-51
15917336-10	2005	Moreover, regression analysis at the end of the study showed a correlation between the change in UAE and the change in urinary TNF-alpha in patients who were treated with PTF (R = 0.49, P &lt; 0.001).	Pentoxifylline	171-174	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	127-136
15917336-11	2005	In conclusion, administration of PTF to patients who have type 2 diabetes and are under long-term treatment with an ARB produces a significant additive antiproteinuric effect associated with a reduction of urinary TNF-alpha excretion.	Pentoxifylline	33-36	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	214-223
15746434-5	2005	The addition of anti-inflammatory agents pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, pentoxifylline, aspirin, and dexamethasone could completely suppress the expression of IL-8 mRNA in fresh/sensitized lung cancer cell cocultures.	Pentoxifylline	70-84	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	157-161
15953245-8	2005	PTX and TLD were found to reduce the macroscopic and histological parameters of oral mucositis and MPO activity.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	myeloperoxidase	Mesocricetus auratus	99-102
15711975-8	2005	Although PTX inhibited the lipopolysaccharide-induced increase in tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 expression (but not interleukin 1beta expression) at both mRNA and protein level in a murine macrophage cell line, tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA expression in the livers of PTX-treated mice was not significantly inhibited.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	66-93
15711975-8	2005	Although PTX inhibited the lipopolysaccharide-induced increase in tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 expression (but not interleukin 1beta expression) at both mRNA and protein level in a murine macrophage cell line, tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA expression in the livers of PTX-treated mice was not significantly inhibited.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	98-111
15711975-8	2005	Although PTX inhibited the lipopolysaccharide-induced increase in tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 expression (but not interleukin 1beta expression) at both mRNA and protein level in a murine macrophage cell line, tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA expression in the livers of PTX-treated mice was not significantly inhibited.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	227-254
16536004-5	2005	Corticosteroids are still the first-line treatment, but alternative therapy with anti-TNF agents, like pentoxifylline, thalidomide and anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies become more interesting, especially in refractory sarcoidosis.	Pentoxifylline	103-117	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	86-89
15803056-7	2005	In I/R rats, the treatment with pentoxifylline (PTX) reduced TNF in serum and blunted other lung alterations.	Pentoxifylline	32-46	tumor necrosis factor-like	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
15803056-7	2005	In I/R rats, the treatment with pentoxifylline (PTX) reduced TNF in serum and blunted other lung alterations.	Pentoxifylline	48-51	tumor necrosis factor-like	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
15865553-2	2005	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivative and phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is known for its anti-inflammatory properties, including down-regulation of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha synthesis.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	182-215
15865553-2	2005	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivative and phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is known for its anti-inflammatory properties, including down-regulation of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha synthesis.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	159-177
15865553-2	2005	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivative and phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is known for its anti-inflammatory properties, including down-regulation of interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha synthesis.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	182-215
15877240-10	2005	Although pentoxiphylline reduced abnormally increased parameters in acute pancreatitis (significant for SGOT at 6, 12, 24 and IL-6 at 12, 48 hours), it did not normalized pancreatic abnormalities.	Pentoxifylline	9-24	interleukin-6	Oryctolagus cuniculus	126-130
15865553-15	2005	Treatment with PTX significantly decreased TNF-alpha, IL-6, and the concentrations of AST and ALT when compared to LPS alone.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	43-52
15865553-15	2005	Treatment with PTX significantly decreased TNF-alpha, IL-6, and the concentrations of AST and ALT when compared to LPS alone.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	54-58
15865553-15	2005	Treatment with PTX significantly decreased TNF-alpha, IL-6, and the concentrations of AST and ALT when compared to LPS alone.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2	Rattus norvegicus	86-89
15865553-16	2005	In addition, a significant decrease in NF-kappaB-positive staining in hepatocytes and KC, as well as in KC iNOS immunostaining was observed in PTX-treated animals compared to the LPS group.	Pentoxifylline	143-146	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	107-111
15626366-4	2005	As a control, PTX pretreatment was effective at abrogating lethality and serum TNF-alpha increments in mice subjected to endotoxemia induced by injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, although it did not affect the increment in IL-1beta and IL-6 in such endotoxic model.	Pentoxifylline	14-17	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	79-88
15966267-9	2005	Pentoxifyllin is considered to lower pathologically increased levels of fibrinogen.	Pentoxifylline	0-13	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	72-82
15649620-5	2005	Concomitant treatment with UA and pentoxifylline, a TNF-alpha synthesis inhibitor, to RAW 264.7 cells decreased the effects of UA on the MT induction.	Pentoxifylline	34-48	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	52-61
15626366-4	2005	As a control, PTX pretreatment was effective at abrogating lethality and serum TNF-alpha increments in mice subjected to endotoxemia induced by injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, although it did not affect the increment in IL-1beta and IL-6 in such endotoxic model.	Pentoxifylline	14-17	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	238-246
15626366-4	2005	As a control, PTX pretreatment was effective at abrogating lethality and serum TNF-alpha increments in mice subjected to endotoxemia induced by injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, although it did not affect the increment in IL-1beta and IL-6 in such endotoxic model.	Pentoxifylline	14-17	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	251-255
15541359-6	2004	Co-treating the RAW 264.7 cells with OA and pentoxifylline, a TNF-alpha synthesis inhibitor, resulted in a decrease in the effects of OA on the MT induction.	Pentoxifylline	44-58	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	62-71
16156128-1	2005	Pentoxifylline (PTX, a methylxanthine derivative) has been found to interrupt early gene activation for tumour necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and tissue factor production and to improve survival from experimental sepsis.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin-6	Oryctolagus cuniculus	143-156
16156128-1	2005	Pentoxifylline (PTX, a methylxanthine derivative) has been found to interrupt early gene activation for tumour necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and tissue factor production and to improve survival from experimental sepsis.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tissue factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	161-174
16156128-1	2005	Pentoxifylline (PTX, a methylxanthine derivative) has been found to interrupt early gene activation for tumour necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and tissue factor production and to improve survival from experimental sepsis.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	interleukin-6	Oryctolagus cuniculus	143-156
16156128-1	2005	Pentoxifylline (PTX, a methylxanthine derivative) has been found to interrupt early gene activation for tumour necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and tissue factor production and to improve survival from experimental sepsis.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tissue factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	161-174
15520047-4	2004	Pentoxifylline also inhibited the mechanical hypernociception in rats induced by the intraplantar injection of either carrageenin (-81%), bradykinin (-56%) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha; -46%), but not that induced by interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) or prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	159-186
15571584-2	2004	Pentoxifylline inhibits TNF alpha production.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	24-33
15507303-8	2004	To further prove the role of proinflammatory cytokines, we studied the effect of pentoxifylline, a known inhibitor of TNF-alpha and IL-1, on PRRSV-LPS induced cytokine production and disease.	Pentoxifylline	81-95	tumor necrosis factor	Sus scrofa	118-127
15507303-11	2004	The levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1 in the lungs of pentoxifylline-treated pigs were moderately reduced, but were still 26 and 3.5-fold higher than in pigs inoculated with PRRSV or LPS only.	Pentoxifylline	49-63	tumor necrosis factor	Sus scrofa	14-23
15520047-4	2004	Pentoxifylline also inhibited the mechanical hypernociception in rats induced by the intraplantar injection of either carrageenin (-81%), bradykinin (-56%) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha; -46%), but not that induced by interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) or prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	188-197
15520047-4	2004	Pentoxifylline also inhibited the mechanical hypernociception in rats induced by the intraplantar injection of either carrageenin (-81%), bradykinin (-56%) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha; -46%), but not that induced by interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) or prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	230-247
15520047-4	2004	Pentoxifylline also inhibited the mechanical hypernociception in rats induced by the intraplantar injection of either carrageenin (-81%), bradykinin (-56%) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha; -46%), but not that induced by interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) or prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	249-257
15520047-8	2004	Pentoxifylline significantly reduced TNF-alpha (-43%) and IL-1beta (-42%) concentrations in the joint exudates of rats stimulated by intra-articular injection of zymosan and the production of both cytokines (-66 and -86%, respectively) by mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulated in vivo with zymosan as well as the expression of TNF-alpha at the tissue level in carrageenin-injected rat paws.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	37-46
15520047-8	2004	Pentoxifylline significantly reduced TNF-alpha (-43%) and IL-1beta (-42%) concentrations in the joint exudates of rats stimulated by intra-articular injection of zymosan and the production of both cytokines (-66 and -86%, respectively) by mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulated in vivo with zymosan as well as the expression of TNF-alpha at the tissue level in carrageenin-injected rat paws.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	58-66
15520047-8	2004	Pentoxifylline significantly reduced TNF-alpha (-43%) and IL-1beta (-42%) concentrations in the joint exudates of rats stimulated by intra-articular injection of zymosan and the production of both cytokines (-66 and -86%, respectively) by mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulated in vivo with zymosan as well as the expression of TNF-alpha at the tissue level in carrageenin-injected rat paws.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	329-338
15520047-9	2004	In conclusion, the antinociceptive activity of pentoxifylline is associated with the inhibition of the release of both TNF-alpha and IL-1beta.	Pentoxifylline	47-61	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	119-128
15520047-9	2004	In conclusion, the antinociceptive activity of pentoxifylline is associated with the inhibition of the release of both TNF-alpha and IL-1beta.	Pentoxifylline	47-61	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	133-141
15625444-5	2004	We hypothesized that LPS-induced TNF-alpha synthesis and subsequent PMN beta2-integrin expression and oxidative burst are downregulated by concomitant treatment with the non-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX).	Pentoxifylline	211-225	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	33-42
15625444-5	2004	We hypothesized that LPS-induced TNF-alpha synthesis and subsequent PMN beta2-integrin expression and oxidative burst are downregulated by concomitant treatment with the non-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX).	Pentoxifylline	211-225	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	72-77
15625444-5	2004	We hypothesized that LPS-induced TNF-alpha synthesis and subsequent PMN beta2-integrin expression and oxidative burst are downregulated by concomitant treatment with the non-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX).	Pentoxifylline	227-230	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	33-42
15625444-5	2004	We hypothesized that LPS-induced TNF-alpha synthesis and subsequent PMN beta2-integrin expression and oxidative burst are downregulated by concomitant treatment with the non-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX).	Pentoxifylline	227-230	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	72-77
15625444-10	2004	RESULTS: Up-regulation of CD14 expression was similar in LPS and LPS+PTX groups.	Pentoxifylline	69-72	CD14 molecule	Homo sapiens	26-30
15625444-13	2004	Concomitant addition of PTX to LPS led to a significant decrease in PMN oxidative burst (65%; p &lt; 0.0001), PMN CD11b expression (20%; p = 0.012), and TNF-alpha levels (93%; p &lt; 0.0001).	Pentoxifylline	24-27	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	114-119
15625444-13	2004	Concomitant addition of PTX to LPS led to a significant decrease in PMN oxidative burst (65%; p &lt; 0.0001), PMN CD11b expression (20%; p = 0.012), and TNF-alpha levels (93%; p &lt; 0.0001).	Pentoxifylline	24-27	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	153-162
15625444-14	2004	Also, PMA- and fMLP-induced PMN oxidative burst were significantly decreased by PTX [77.5% (p &lt; 0.0001) and 50% (p &lt; 0.01), respectively].	Pentoxifylline	80-83	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	15-19
15625444-15	2004	CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that PTX-inhibition of oxidative burst occurs distal to PKC and may be either due to direct inhibition of NADPH oxidase or inhibition of MAPK phosphorylation, leading to decreased adhesion molecule expression and TNF-alpha synthesis.	Pentoxifylline	40-43	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	248-257
15502050-3	2004	We investigated the hypothesis that preincisional IV pentoxifylline (PTX) treatment could attenuate the release of proinflammatory (tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8) and antiinflammatory (IL-1 receptor antagonist) cytokines in patients who underwent elective colorectal cancer surgery.	Pentoxifylline	53-67	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	155-177
15470201-5	2004	PTX treatment prevented the increase of BAL fluid alveolar macrophage count and TNF-alpha and protein concentrations in the meconium-instilled lungs but had no significant effect on the pulmonary neutrophil accumulation.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	80-89
15470201-7	2004	The results thus indicate that PTX treatment may attenuate meconium-induced regional ventilation derangements, mainly through its effects on local alveolar macrophages and TNF-alpha production as well as alveolocapillary permeability rather than via significant prevention of accumulation of active neutrophils in the insulted lungs.	Pentoxifylline	31-34	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	172-181
15502050-3	2004	We investigated the hypothesis that preincisional IV pentoxifylline (PTX) treatment could attenuate the release of proinflammatory (tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8) and antiinflammatory (IL-1 receptor antagonist) cytokines in patients who underwent elective colorectal cancer surgery.	Pentoxifylline	53-67	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	179-183
15502050-3	2004	We investigated the hypothesis that preincisional IV pentoxifylline (PTX) treatment could attenuate the release of proinflammatory (tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8) and antiinflammatory (IL-1 receptor antagonist) cytokines in patients who underwent elective colorectal cancer surgery.	Pentoxifylline	53-67	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	189-193
15502050-3	2004	We investigated the hypothesis that preincisional IV pentoxifylline (PTX) treatment could attenuate the release of proinflammatory (tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8) and antiinflammatory (IL-1 receptor antagonist) cytokines in patients who underwent elective colorectal cancer surgery.	Pentoxifylline	53-67	interleukin 1 receptor antagonist	Homo sapiens	217-241
15502050-3	2004	We investigated the hypothesis that preincisional IV pentoxifylline (PTX) treatment could attenuate the release of proinflammatory (tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8) and antiinflammatory (IL-1 receptor antagonist) cytokines in patients who underwent elective colorectal cancer surgery.	Pentoxifylline	69-72	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	155-177
15502050-3	2004	We investigated the hypothesis that preincisional IV pentoxifylline (PTX) treatment could attenuate the release of proinflammatory (tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8) and antiinflammatory (IL-1 receptor antagonist) cytokines in patients who underwent elective colorectal cancer surgery.	Pentoxifylline	69-72	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	179-183
15502050-3	2004	We investigated the hypothesis that preincisional IV pentoxifylline (PTX) treatment could attenuate the release of proinflammatory (tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8) and antiinflammatory (IL-1 receptor antagonist) cytokines in patients who underwent elective colorectal cancer surgery.	Pentoxifylline	69-72	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	189-193
15502050-3	2004	We investigated the hypothesis that preincisional IV pentoxifylline (PTX) treatment could attenuate the release of proinflammatory (tumor necrosis factor, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and IL-8) and antiinflammatory (IL-1 receptor antagonist) cytokines in patients who underwent elective colorectal cancer surgery.	Pentoxifylline	69-72	interleukin 1 receptor antagonist	Homo sapiens	217-241
15542158-10	2004	The efficacy of combined pentoxifylline-tocopherol treatment in superficial RIF was confirmed in a randomised clinical trial, and then in successful phase II trials especially in uterine fibroatrophy and osteoradionecrosis.	Pentoxifylline	25-39	ras homolog family member F, filopodia associated	Homo sapiens	76-79
15483005-2	2004	Our understanding of the fibrosis mechanisms and our clinical and experimental results for the treatment of radiation-induced fibrosis prompted us to postulate that EF might respond to treatment with combined pentoxifylline (PTX)-tocopherol (Vit.E).	Pentoxifylline	209-223	vitrin	Homo sapiens	242-245
15447754-0	2004	Beneficial effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibition by pentoxifylline on clinical, biochemical, and metabolic parameters of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.	Pentoxifylline	64-78	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	22-49
15447754-2	2004	Pentoxifylline, a TNF-alpha inhibitor could prove useful in treating patients with NASH.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	18-27
15648785-9	2004	At all dosages, PTX reduced the activation of NF-kappaB and the production of TNF-alpha and IL-6, but enhanced the release of IL-10.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	78-87
15648785-9	2004	At all dosages, PTX reduced the activation of NF-kappaB and the production of TNF-alpha and IL-6, but enhanced the release of IL-10.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	92-96
15648785-9	2004	At all dosages, PTX reduced the activation of NF-kappaB and the production of TNF-alpha and IL-6, but enhanced the release of IL-10.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	126-131
15648785-11	2004	In conclusion, PTX suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-6 in rat intestine, and enhanced the endotoxin-induced production of IL-10.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	82-91
15648785-11	2004	In conclusion, PTX suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-6 in rat intestine, and enhanced the endotoxin-induced production of IL-10.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	96-100
15648785-11	2004	In conclusion, PTX suppressed the production of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-6 in rat intestine, and enhanced the endotoxin-induced production of IL-10.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	168-173
15467217-0	2004	Pentoxifylline inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced synthesis of complement component C3 in human endothelial cells.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	24-51
15467217-8	2004	Consistent with data on C3 release PTX inhibited the increased C3 mRNA expression associated with TNF treatment.	Pentoxifylline	35-38	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	98-101
15467217-9	2004	TNF increases C3 synthesis and release from endothelial cells which were inhibited by clinical concentrations of PTX.	Pentoxifylline	113-116	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	0-3
15205118-6	2004	In a separate experiment, rats were orally administered 20 mg/kg indomethacin with or without pretreatment with pentoxifylline (an inhibitor of TNF-alpha synthesis) or anti-MCP-1 antibody.	Pentoxifylline	112-126	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	144-153
15205118-9	2004	Indomethacin treatment increased TNF-alpha/chemokine mRNA expression from 30 min and induced macroscopic erosions after 4 h. Pentoxifylline inhibited the indomethacin-induced gastric injury with reduction of neutrophil infiltration and expression of chemokine (MCP-1, MIP-2, and CINC-2alpha).	Pentoxifylline	125-139	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	33-42
15205118-9	2004	Indomethacin treatment increased TNF-alpha/chemokine mRNA expression from 30 min and induced macroscopic erosions after 4 h. Pentoxifylline inhibited the indomethacin-induced gastric injury with reduction of neutrophil infiltration and expression of chemokine (MCP-1, MIP-2, and CINC-2alpha).	Pentoxifylline	125-139	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Rattus norvegicus	261-266
15205118-9	2004	Indomethacin treatment increased TNF-alpha/chemokine mRNA expression from 30 min and induced macroscopic erosions after 4 h. Pentoxifylline inhibited the indomethacin-induced gastric injury with reduction of neutrophil infiltration and expression of chemokine (MCP-1, MIP-2, and CINC-2alpha).	Pentoxifylline	125-139	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Rattus norvegicus	268-273
15483005-2	2004	Our understanding of the fibrosis mechanisms and our clinical and experimental results for the treatment of radiation-induced fibrosis prompted us to postulate that EF might respond to treatment with combined pentoxifylline (PTX)-tocopherol (Vit.E).	Pentoxifylline	225-228	vitrin	Homo sapiens	242-245
15591651-2	2004	Pentoxifylline (PTX) has the property of inhibiting TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IL-6 production.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	52-61
15542408-0	2004	C-reactive protein predicts response to pentoxifylline in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.	Pentoxifylline	40-54	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	0-18
15201342-8	2004	PTX treatment did induce a greater increase of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), but not of interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6 induced by in vivo administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which suggests a protective role for TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	53-80
15201342-8	2004	PTX treatment did induce a greater increase of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), but not of interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6 induced by in vivo administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which suggests a protective role for TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	82-91
15201342-8	2004	PTX treatment did induce a greater increase of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), but not of interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6 induced by in vivo administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which suggests a protective role for TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	237-246
15201342-11	2004	We also hypothesize that the increase of TNF-alpha by PTX treatment represents a protective mechanism in SHRSP.	Pentoxifylline	54-57	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	41-50
15375608-3	2004	Besides its well-known influence on rheologic properties of blood, PTX has also been found to decrease secretion of some cytokines such as IL-12, TNF and IFN-gamma and thus it could exert immunomodulatory activity.	Pentoxifylline	67-70	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	146-149
15375608-3	2004	Besides its well-known influence on rheologic properties of blood, PTX has also been found to decrease secretion of some cytokines such as IL-12, TNF and IFN-gamma and thus it could exert immunomodulatory activity.	Pentoxifylline	67-70	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	154-163
15464239-3	2004	Pentoxifylline (PTX) attenuates TNF-alpha production, acts as an antioxidant and decreases mortality in alcoholic steatohepatitis.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	32-41
15464239-3	2004	Pentoxifylline (PTX) attenuates TNF-alpha production, acts as an antioxidant and decreases mortality in alcoholic steatohepatitis.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	32-41
15464239-7	2004	RESULTS: PTX attenuates MCD diet induced steatohepatitis, decreasing both serum ALT levels and hepatic inflammation.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble	Mus musculus	80-83
15464239-8	2004	Serum ALT levels were reduced approximately 50% in the MCD+PTX group compared to the MCD group.	Pentoxifylline	59-62	glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble	Mus musculus	6-9
15464239-10	2004	There was also a reduction in TNF-alpha mRNA in female mice treated with PTX.	Pentoxifylline	73-76	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	30-39
15464239-13	2004	CONCLUSIONS: PTX decreases serum ALT levels and hepatic inflammation in the MCD model of steatohepatitis, likely via increasing glutathione levels or reducing TNF-alpha expression.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble	Mus musculus	33-36
15464239-13	2004	CONCLUSIONS: PTX decreases serum ALT levels and hepatic inflammation in the MCD model of steatohepatitis, likely via increasing glutathione levels or reducing TNF-alpha expression.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	159-168
15591651-2	2004	Pentoxifylline (PTX) has the property of inhibiting TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IL-6 production.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	63-67
15591651-2	2004	Pentoxifylline (PTX) has the property of inhibiting TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IL-6 production.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	73-77
15591651-2	2004	Pentoxifylline (PTX) has the property of inhibiting TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IL-6 production.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	52-61
15591651-2	2004	Pentoxifylline (PTX) has the property of inhibiting TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IL-6 production.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	63-67
15591651-2	2004	Pentoxifylline (PTX) has the property of inhibiting TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IL-6 production.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	73-77
15194011-0	2004	Role of CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 in the pentoxifylline ciprofloxacin drug interaction.	Pentoxifylline	33-47	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 2	Mus musculus	8-14
15288591-5	2004	High amounts of TNF-alpha were detected in the exudates, which was inhibited by dexamethasone, pentoxifylline and thalidomide.	Pentoxifylline	95-109	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	16-25
15288591-6	2004	These results suggest a specific role for TNF-alpha in this model, and the ability of pentoxifylline and thalidomide to inhibit both neutrophil influx and TNF-alpha release may have therapeutic implications in arthritis.	Pentoxifylline	86-100	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	155-164
15727386-3	2004	In this study we aimed to evaluate the influence of PTX on plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and interleukin (IL)-6 in newborn infants with sepsis.	Pentoxifylline	52-55	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	114-132
15206020-2	2004	Pentoxiphylline (PTX) is an inhibitor of TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	0-15	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	41-50
15206020-2	2004	Pentoxiphylline (PTX) is an inhibitor of TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	17-20	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	41-50
15206020-5	2004	ADR treatment followed by PTX treatment prevented the increase in serum TNF-alpha levels and proteinuria in rats with ADR-nephropathy ( P&lt;0.05).	Pentoxifylline	26-29	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	72-81
15206020-8	2004	PTX prevented the rise of serum TNF-alpha in ADR nephropathy rats and a decrease in proteinuria, urine nitrite, and apoptosis in the renal tissue.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	32-41
15727386-0	2004	Effect of pentoxifylline on tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 levels in neonatal sepsis.	Pentoxifylline	10-24	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	60-73
15727386-3	2004	In this study we aimed to evaluate the influence of PTX on plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and interleukin (IL)-6 in newborn infants with sepsis.	Pentoxifylline	52-55	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	76-109
15284364-12	2004	Preliminary results suggest that once-daily treatment with 400 mg of pentoxifylline orally not only can reduce T-cell expression of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, but can also restore the response to erythropoietin and improve haemoglobin levels.	Pentoxifylline	69-83	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	132-141
15284364-12	2004	Preliminary results suggest that once-daily treatment with 400 mg of pentoxifylline orally not only can reduce T-cell expression of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, but can also restore the response to erythropoietin and improve haemoglobin levels.	Pentoxifylline	69-83	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	146-155
15284364-12	2004	Preliminary results suggest that once-daily treatment with 400 mg of pentoxifylline orally not only can reduce T-cell expression of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, but can also restore the response to erythropoietin and improve haemoglobin levels.	Pentoxifylline	69-83	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	194-208
15284364-13	2004	Ongoing studies will investigate further the use of pentoxifylline in erythropoietin resistance.	Pentoxifylline	52-66	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	70-84
15194011-7	2004	To further clarify the role of CYP1A2 in the metabolism of PTX in mice, the effect of a selective CYP1A2 mechanism based inhibitor, FURA, on the metabolism of PTX was investigated and our results indicate that FURA inhibited metabolism of PTX.	Pentoxifylline	159-162	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 2	Mus musculus	98-104
15194011-10	2004	Serum concentration of PTX was determined in Cyp1A2 knockout mice compared to Cyp1A2 wild type control mice.	Pentoxifylline	23-26	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 2	Mus musculus	45-51
15194011-11	2004	The serum concentration of PTX in Cyp1A2 wild type mice (n=9) was 22.2+/-3.2 micromol/l at 20 min following injection of PTX.	Pentoxifylline	27-30	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 2	Mus musculus	34-40
15194011-12	2004	The serum concentration of PTX in Cyp1A2 knockout mice (n=11) was significantly elevated at 20 min following injection of PTX compared to Cyp1A2 wild type mice.	Pentoxifylline	27-30	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 2	Mus musculus	34-40
15194011-0	2004	Role of CYP1A2 and CYP2E1 in the pentoxifylline ciprofloxacin drug interaction.	Pentoxifylline	33-47	cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	19-25
15194011-7	2004	To further clarify the role of CYP1A2 in the metabolism of PTX in mice, the effect of a selective CYP1A2 mechanism based inhibitor, FURA, on the metabolism of PTX was investigated and our results indicate that FURA inhibited metabolism of PTX.	Pentoxifylline	59-62	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 2	Mus musculus	31-37
15194011-12	2004	The serum concentration of PTX in Cyp1A2 knockout mice (n=11) was significantly elevated at 20 min following injection of PTX compared to Cyp1A2 wild type mice.	Pentoxifylline	27-30	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 2	Mus musculus	138-144
15194011-7	2004	To further clarify the role of CYP1A2 in the metabolism of PTX in mice, the effect of a selective CYP1A2 mechanism based inhibitor, FURA, on the metabolism of PTX was investigated and our results indicate that FURA inhibited metabolism of PTX.	Pentoxifylline	159-162	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 2	Mus musculus	98-104
15194011-12	2004	The serum concentration of PTX in Cyp1A2 knockout mice (n=11) was significantly elevated at 20 min following injection of PTX compared to Cyp1A2 wild type mice.	Pentoxifylline	122-125	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 2	Mus musculus	34-40
15229363-13	2004	ICAM-1 expression was significantly higher in LR-treated animals compared with the HS, LR+PTX, and sham groups (P &lt; 0.01).	Pentoxifylline	90-93	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	0-6
15194011-13	2004	These results clearly indicate that inhibition of CYP1A2 catalytic activity that occurs in the Cyp1A2 knockout mice is sufficient to alter metabolism of PTX and result in markedly elevated levels in serum of Cyp1A2 knockout mice.	Pentoxifylline	153-156	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 2	Mus musculus	50-56
15194011-13	2004	These results clearly indicate that inhibition of CYP1A2 catalytic activity that occurs in the Cyp1A2 knockout mice is sufficient to alter metabolism of PTX and result in markedly elevated levels in serum of Cyp1A2 knockout mice.	Pentoxifylline	153-156	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 2	Mus musculus	95-101
15213626-6	2004	Pentoxifylline prevented erk 1/2 and JNK phosphorylation in the pancreas, and it partially reduced ascites and the rise in lung myeloperoxidase activity.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	25-32
15213626-6	2004	Pentoxifylline prevented erk 1/2 and JNK phosphorylation in the pancreas, and it partially reduced ascites and the rise in lung myeloperoxidase activity.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	37-40
15213626-7	2004	Combined treatment with oxypurinol and pentoxifylline almost completely abolished ascites, MAPK phosphorylation in the pancreas, and the increase in lung myeloperoxidase activity.	Pentoxifylline	39-53	mitogen activated protein kinase 3	Rattus norvegicus	91-95
15455667-3	2004	The potential inhibiting activity of pentoxifylline (POF) as an influence to IL-6 levels, and measure of several acute phase response signs has been evaluated.	Pentoxifylline	37-51	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	77-81
15213276-0	2004	Pentoxifylline improves hemoglobin levels in patients with erythropoietin-resistant anemia in renal failure.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	59-73
15213276-1	2004	It was hypothesized that pentoxifylline might improve the response to recombinant human erythropoietin (rh-Epo) in anemic renal failure patients.	Pentoxifylline	25-39	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	88-102
15213276-1	2004	It was hypothesized that pentoxifylline might improve the response to recombinant human erythropoietin (rh-Epo) in anemic renal failure patients.	Pentoxifylline	25-39	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	107-110
15213276-11	2004	Pentoxifylline therapy may significantly improve the hemoglobin response in patients with previously rh-Epo-resistant anemia in renal failure.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	erythropoietin	Homo sapiens	104-107
15148057-8	2004	Chronic treatment with pentoxifylline prevented the increases in TNF-alpha in brain, heart, and plasma measured 4 wk after MI.	Pentoxifylline	23-37	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	65-74
15169810-8	2004	RESULTS: After 8 weeks of pentoxifylline intervention, 20 of 23 patients with impaired AROM and 19 of 22 with impaired PROM improved; 11 of 19 patients with muscle weakness showed improved motor strength; five of seven patients with edema had decreased limb girth; and nine of 20 patients had decreased pain.	Pentoxifylline	26-40	PARP1 binding protein	Homo sapiens	87-91
15155307-1	2004	UNLABELLED: We sought to determine whether local administration of pentoxifylline (PTF) or propentofylline (PPTF), which hinders cytokine production, influences pain threshold and formalin-induced pain behavior in rats or the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) messenger RNA (mRNA) concentrations in the inflamed paw tissue.	Pentoxifylline	67-81	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	264-273
15155307-9	2004	PTF administered before, but not after, formalin significantly antagonized (by approximately 40%) the observed increase in the level of TNF-alpha mRNA.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	136-145
15169810-10	2004	CONCLUSION: Patients receiving pentoxifylline demonstrated improved AROM, PROM, and muscle strength and decreased limb edema and pain.	Pentoxifylline	31-45	PARP1 binding protein	Homo sapiens	68-72
14978197-8	2004	Finally, the pretreatment of VSMCs with PTX or cilostamide, but not denbufylline, reduced TNF-alpha-induced CCL2/MCP-1 production, which was preceded by attenuation of p65/NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, p42/44 MAPK, and JNK-c-Jun phosphorylation, and c-Fos up-regulation.	Pentoxifylline	40-43	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	90-99
14978197-8	2004	Finally, the pretreatment of VSMCs with PTX or cilostamide, but not denbufylline, reduced TNF-alpha-induced CCL2/MCP-1 production, which was preceded by attenuation of p65/NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, p42/44 MAPK, and JNK-c-Jun phosphorylation, and c-Fos up-regulation.	Pentoxifylline	40-43	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Rattus norvegicus	108-112
15213357-6	2004	Therefore, the aim of our present study was to determine the action of pentoxyfilline (PTX), an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) with or without NOS inhibition by L-NNA administration in rats with water immersion and restraint stress (WRS)-induced gastric lesions.	Pentoxifylline	71-85	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	109-136
15213357-6	2004	Therefore, the aim of our present study was to determine the action of pentoxyfilline (PTX), an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) with or without NOS inhibition by L-NNA administration in rats with water immersion and restraint stress (WRS)-induced gastric lesions.	Pentoxifylline	71-85	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	138-146
14978197-8	2004	Finally, the pretreatment of VSMCs with PTX or cilostamide, but not denbufylline, reduced TNF-alpha-induced CCL2/MCP-1 production, which was preceded by attenuation of p65/NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, p42/44 MAPK, and JNK-c-Jun phosphorylation, and c-Fos up-regulation.	Pentoxifylline	40-43	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Rattus norvegicus	113-118
15213357-6	2004	Therefore, the aim of our present study was to determine the action of pentoxyfilline (PTX), an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) with or without NOS inhibition by L-NNA administration in rats with water immersion and restraint stress (WRS)-induced gastric lesions.	Pentoxifylline	87-90	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	109-136
14978197-8	2004	Finally, the pretreatment of VSMCs with PTX or cilostamide, but not denbufylline, reduced TNF-alpha-induced CCL2/MCP-1 production, which was preceded by attenuation of p65/NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, p42/44 MAPK, and JNK-c-Jun phosphorylation, and c-Fos up-regulation.	Pentoxifylline	40-43	synaptotagmin 1	Rattus norvegicus	168-171
15213357-6	2004	Therefore, the aim of our present study was to determine the action of pentoxyfilline (PTX), an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) with or without NOS inhibition by L-NNA administration in rats with water immersion and restraint stress (WRS)-induced gastric lesions.	Pentoxifylline	87-90	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	138-146
15213357-11	2004	Administration of PTX significantly attenuated the gastric lesions, induced by 3.5 h of WRS and this was accompanied by the rise in the GBF and a significant decrease in plasma proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta and TNFalpha) levels, as well as the reduction of lipid peroxidation.	Pentoxifylline	18-21	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	204-212
14978197-8	2004	Finally, the pretreatment of VSMCs with PTX or cilostamide, but not denbufylline, reduced TNF-alpha-induced CCL2/MCP-1 production, which was preceded by attenuation of p65/NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, p42/44 MAPK, and JNK-c-Jun phosphorylation, and c-Fos up-regulation.	Pentoxifylline	40-43	mitogen-activated protein kinase 8	Rattus norvegicus	222-225
15213357-11	2004	Administration of PTX significantly attenuated the gastric lesions, induced by 3.5 h of WRS and this was accompanied by the rise in the GBF and a significant decrease in plasma proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1beta and TNFalpha) levels, as well as the reduction of lipid peroxidation.	Pentoxifylline	18-21	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	217-225
14978197-8	2004	Finally, the pretreatment of VSMCs with PTX or cilostamide, but not denbufylline, reduced TNF-alpha-induced CCL2/MCP-1 production, which was preceded by attenuation of p65/NF-kappaB nuclear translocation, p42/44 MAPK, and JNK-c-Jun phosphorylation, and c-Fos up-regulation.	Pentoxifylline	40-43	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Rattus norvegicus	253-258
14978197-9	2004	These data indicate that TNF-alpha-stimulated CCL2/MCP-1 production in rat VSMCs is dually regulated by activator protein-1 (AP-1) and NF-kappaB pathways, and inhibition of type III phosphodiesterase contributes substantially to the suppressive effect of PTX on CCL2/MCP-1 production via down-regulation of AP-1 and NF-kappaB signals.	Pentoxifylline	255-258	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	25-34
14978197-9	2004	These data indicate that TNF-alpha-stimulated CCL2/MCP-1 production in rat VSMCs is dually regulated by activator protein-1 (AP-1) and NF-kappaB pathways, and inhibition of type III phosphodiesterase contributes substantially to the suppressive effect of PTX on CCL2/MCP-1 production via down-regulation of AP-1 and NF-kappaB signals.	Pentoxifylline	255-258	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
14978197-9	2004	These data indicate that TNF-alpha-stimulated CCL2/MCP-1 production in rat VSMCs is dually regulated by activator protein-1 (AP-1) and NF-kappaB pathways, and inhibition of type III phosphodiesterase contributes substantially to the suppressive effect of PTX on CCL2/MCP-1 production via down-regulation of AP-1 and NF-kappaB signals.	Pentoxifylline	255-258	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Rattus norvegicus	51-56
15248414-3	2004	A few years ago it was found that pentoxifylline decreases TNF-alpha production.	Pentoxifylline	34-48	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	59-68
15205554-0	2004	Pentoxifylline ameliorates renal tumor necrosis factor expression, sodium retention, and renal hypertrophy in diabetic rats.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor-like	Rattus norvegicus	33-54
14693508-3	2004	Pentoxifylline, known to decrease production of TNF-alpha, had no effect on LPL activity in fed rats but almost abolished the rise of TNF-alpha and the decrease of LPL activity in rats deprived of food.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	48-57
14693508-3	2004	Pentoxifylline, known to decrease production of TNF-alpha, had no effect on LPL activity in fed rats but almost abolished the rise of TNF-alpha and the decrease of LPL activity in rats deprived of food.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	134-143
14693508-3	2004	Pentoxifylline, known to decrease production of TNF-alpha, had no effect on LPL activity in fed rats but almost abolished the rise of TNF-alpha and the decrease of LPL activity in rats deprived of food.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	lipoprotein lipase	Rattus norvegicus	164-167
15205554-3	2004	We tested the hypothesis that pentoxifylline (PTF), an agent that inhibits TNF synthesis, could prevent sodium retention and renal hypertrophy during diabetes.	Pentoxifylline	30-44	tumor necrosis factor-like	Rattus norvegicus	75-78
15205554-3	2004	We tested the hypothesis that pentoxifylline (PTF), an agent that inhibits TNF synthesis, could prevent sodium retention and renal hypertrophy during diabetes.	Pentoxifylline	46-49	tumor necrosis factor-like	Rattus norvegicus	75-78
14993492-7	2004	RESULTS: Compared with the vehicle-treated nephritic rats, PTX treatment beginning at the start of the nephritis significantly suppressed mRNA expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, but not interleukin-1 beta, throughout the course of nephritis.	Pentoxifylline	59-62	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	157-191
15086397-0	2004	IgG1 antimycobacterial antibodies can reverse the inhibitory effect of pentoxifylline on tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) secreted by mycobacterial antigen-stimulated adherent cells.	Pentoxifylline	71-85	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	119-128
15086397-6	2004	In addition IgG1 antimycobacterial antibodies can reverse the effect of TNF-alpha blockers such as pentoxifylline and thalidomide.	Pentoxifylline	99-113	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	72-81
15176692-4	2004	TNF-alpha was inhibited by 5 weeks of pentoxifylline (10 mg x kg body weigh(-1) x day(-1)) in rats with cirrhosis induced by common bile duct ligation.	Pentoxifylline	38-52	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	0-9
15176692-6	2004	Blood TNF-alpha concentrations and pulmonary intravascular macrophage sequestration, as assessed by morphometric analysis and radioactive colloid uptake, were decreased with pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	174-188	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	6-15
15208038-5	2004	Treatment of infected mice with pentoxifylline, known to decrease IFN-gamma production and to inhibit the TNF-alpha gene transcription, reduced the placental production of TNF, and the fetal mortality in comparison to control animals.	Pentoxifylline	32-46	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	66-75
15208038-5	2004	Treatment of infected mice with pentoxifylline, known to decrease IFN-gamma production and to inhibit the TNF-alpha gene transcription, reduced the placental production of TNF, and the fetal mortality in comparison to control animals.	Pentoxifylline	32-46	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	106-115
15208038-5	2004	Treatment of infected mice with pentoxifylline, known to decrease IFN-gamma production and to inhibit the TNF-alpha gene transcription, reduced the placental production of TNF, and the fetal mortality in comparison to control animals.	Pentoxifylline	32-46	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	106-109
14993492-8	2004	Moreover, PTX decreased renal mRNAs for intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and osteopontin (OPN) at all time points examined.	Pentoxifylline	10-13	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Rattus norvegicus	84-118
14993492-8	2004	Moreover, PTX decreased renal mRNAs for intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and osteopontin (OPN) at all time points examined.	Pentoxifylline	10-13	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Rattus norvegicus	120-125
14993492-8	2004	Moreover, PTX decreased renal mRNAs for intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and osteopontin (OPN) at all time points examined.	Pentoxifylline	10-13	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	40-73
14993492-8	2004	Moreover, PTX decreased renal mRNAs for intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and osteopontin (OPN) at all time points examined.	Pentoxifylline	10-13	C-C motif chemokine ligand 5	Rattus norvegicus	191-197
14993492-8	2004	Moreover, PTX decreased renal mRNAs for intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and osteopontin (OPN) at all time points examined.	Pentoxifylline	10-13	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	75-81
14993492-8	2004	Moreover, PTX decreased renal mRNAs for intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and osteopontin (OPN) at all time points examined.	Pentoxifylline	10-13	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Rattus norvegicus	203-214
14993492-8	2004	Moreover, PTX decreased renal mRNAs for intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) and osteopontin (OPN) at all time points examined.	Pentoxifylline	10-13	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Rattus norvegicus	216-219
15190511-4	2004	Thalidomide, a drug with anti-TNF, antiangiogenic, and immunomodulatory activities, and other agents with anti-TNF effects, such as pentoxifylline, etanercept, and infliximab, have produced hematologic improvement in 20% to 40% of patients.	Pentoxifylline	132-146	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	111-114
14993492-12	2004	Inhibition of renal TNF-alpha, ICAM-1, RANTES, MCP-1 and OPN expression may be a mechanism whereby PTX suppresses progressive renal injury in rat crescentic glomerulonephritis.	Pentoxifylline	99-102	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	20-29
14993492-12	2004	Inhibition of renal TNF-alpha, ICAM-1, RANTES, MCP-1 and OPN expression may be a mechanism whereby PTX suppresses progressive renal injury in rat crescentic glomerulonephritis.	Pentoxifylline	99-102	C-C motif chemokine ligand 5	Rattus norvegicus	39-45
14993492-12	2004	Inhibition of renal TNF-alpha, ICAM-1, RANTES, MCP-1 and OPN expression may be a mechanism whereby PTX suppresses progressive renal injury in rat crescentic glomerulonephritis.	Pentoxifylline	99-102	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Rattus norvegicus	47-52
14993492-12	2004	Inhibition of renal TNF-alpha, ICAM-1, RANTES, MCP-1 and OPN expression may be a mechanism whereby PTX suppresses progressive renal injury in rat crescentic glomerulonephritis.	Pentoxifylline	99-102	secreted phosphoprotein 1	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
15517931-9	2004	The influence of PTX inactivating phosphodiestherase as a cyclooxigenas inhibitor on the behavior of C-reactive protein, II-11beta, TNFalph and its soluble sTNF-R type I p55 and type II p75 receptors" study animal serum concentrations was estimated.	Pentoxifylline	17-20	C-reactive protein	Rattus norvegicus	101-119
15517931-12	2004	The study proved that PTX administration in animals with EP caused TNFa serum concentration decrease, however not changing the overall animal survival rate.	Pentoxifylline	22-25	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	67-71
14726234-8	2004	Significant dose-dependent inhibition of cytokine mRNA expression occurred in response to pretreatment with DEX (TNFalpha, IL-1beta, IL-8), THP (TNFalpha, IL-1beta, IL-8), and PTX (TNFalpha).	Pentoxifylline	176-179	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Bos taurus	165-169
14984727-2	2004	Pentoxifylline, a xanthin-derived agent, is known to inhibit the production of TNF-alpha and IL-6.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	79-88
14984727-2	2004	Pentoxifylline, a xanthin-derived agent, is known to inhibit the production of TNF-alpha and IL-6.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	93-97
14991464-0	2004	Pentoxyphylline and propentophylline are inhibitors of TNF-alpha release in monocytes activated by advanced glycation endproducts.	Pentoxifylline	0-15	lipopolysaccharide induced TNF factor	Gallus gallus	55-64
14991464-7	2004	The xanthine derivatives pentoxyphylline and propentophylline attenuate AGE-induced TNF-alpha release in a dose-dependent manner.	Pentoxifylline	25-40	lipopolysaccharide induced TNF factor	Gallus gallus	84-93
14991464-9	2004	The inhibition of the AGE-induced TNF-alpha release by pentoxyphylline and propentophylline provides interesting pharmacological strategies for diseases with local neuroinflammation such as Alzheimer"s disease.	Pentoxifylline	55-70	lipopolysaccharide induced TNF factor	Gallus gallus	34-43
14978114-6	2004	Studies conducted with pentoxifylline and neutralizing Abs revealed that the Leishmania-mediated increase in HIV-1 production was linked to a higher production of TNF-alpha and IL-1alpha.	Pentoxifylline	23-37	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	163-172
14970111-9	2004	There were reductions in plasma concentrations of CRP, NT-pro BNP, TNF-alpha, and Fas/Apo-1 in the pentoxifylline compared with the placebo-treated group.	Pentoxifylline	99-113	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	50-53
15164724-6	2004	Inhibition of TNF-alpha generation with pentoxifylline abrogated the shedding of sTNF-alphaR1, but had no effect on sTNF-alphaR2.	Pentoxifylline	40-54	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	14-23
14970111-9	2004	There were reductions in plasma concentrations of CRP, NT-pro BNP, TNF-alpha, and Fas/Apo-1 in the pentoxifylline compared with the placebo-treated group.	Pentoxifylline	99-113	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	67-76
14970111-9	2004	There were reductions in plasma concentrations of CRP, NT-pro BNP, TNF-alpha, and Fas/Apo-1 in the pentoxifylline compared with the placebo-treated group.	Pentoxifylline	99-113	Fas cell surface death receptor	Homo sapiens	86-91
14757500-0	2004	Reversal of P-glycoprotein mediated vincristine resistance of L1210/VCR cells by analogues of pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	94-108	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	12-26
14989392-7	2004	RESULTS: Pentoxifylline induced a dose-dependent suppression of spontaneous TNF-alpha and IL-10 release from AMs in EAA.	Pentoxifylline	9-23	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	76-85
14989392-7	2004	RESULTS: Pentoxifylline induced a dose-dependent suppression of spontaneous TNF-alpha and IL-10 release from AMs in EAA.	Pentoxifylline	9-23	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	90-95
14989392-10	2004	Pentoxifylline and dexamethasone also inhibited the LPS-stimulated production of all cytokines except IL-1beta and sTNFR1.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	102-110
15060681-6	2004	While indo and ibu treatment resulted in increased TNF production, PTX, VZ 65, and AA-861 significantly inhibited TNF production, whether administered simultaneously with LPS or 30 min after LPS treatment.	Pentoxifylline	67-70	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	114-117
15060681-10	2004	VZ 65, AA-861, and PTX all diminished the rate of TNF mRNA transcription, yet VZ 65 and AA-861 appeared to enhance message stability.	Pentoxifylline	19-22	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	50-53
15060681-11	2004	We conclude that while PTX reduced TNF protein levels by inhibiting TNF mRNA transcription, both VZ 65 and AA-861 exerted opposing effects on TNF transcription and increased mRNA stability.	Pentoxifylline	23-26	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	35-38
15060681-11	2004	We conclude that while PTX reduced TNF protein levels by inhibiting TNF mRNA transcription, both VZ 65 and AA-861 exerted opposing effects on TNF transcription and increased mRNA stability.	Pentoxifylline	23-26	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	68-71
15060681-11	2004	We conclude that while PTX reduced TNF protein levels by inhibiting TNF mRNA transcription, both VZ 65 and AA-861 exerted opposing effects on TNF transcription and increased mRNA stability.	Pentoxifylline	23-26	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	68-71
14757500-2	2004	In our previous papers we described the ability of methylxanthine pentoxifylline (PTX) to depress the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) of the mouse leukemic cell line L1210/VCR.	Pentoxifylline	82-85	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	102-116
14757500-2	2004	In our previous papers we described the ability of methylxanthine pentoxifylline (PTX) to depress the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) of the mouse leukemic cell line L1210/VCR.	Pentoxifylline	82-85	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	118-122
15221490-0	2004	Enhancement of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2)-induced new bone formation by concurrent treatment with parathyroid hormone and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	183-197	bone morphogenetic protein 2	Homo sapiens	33-61
15527546-0	2004	Anti-TNF-alpha therapy for chronic inflammation: reconsidering pentoxifylline as an alternative to therapeutic protein drugs.	Pentoxifylline	63-77	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	5-14
15527546-1	2004	Pentoxifylline is a useful inhibitor of TNF-alpha production, thus resembling anti-inflammatory corticosteroids.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	40-49
14981352-5	2004	A significant decrease in lung tissue MPO activity (p &lt; 0.005) and lung wet to dry weight ratio (p &lt; 0.04) was observed in the PTXF group.	Pentoxifylline	133-137	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	38-41
14720322-9	2004	mRNA expression in HCC for vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), which is considered to play a key role in attachment of cancer cells to the endothelium, was significantly suppressed by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	192-195	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	27-60
14720322-9	2004	mRNA expression in HCC for vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), which is considered to play a key role in attachment of cancer cells to the endothelium, was significantly suppressed by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	192-195	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	62-68
14642793-8	2003	Pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of TNF-alpha, which by itself accelerated ulcer healing in non-diabetic rats, counteracted the increase in the area of gastric ulcer induced by streptozotocin, raised significantly gastric blood flow and suppressed the plasma TNF-alpha levels.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	32-41
15025228-0	2004	Effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors pentoxifylline and thalidomide on alveolar bone loss in short-term experimental periodontal disease in rats.	Pentoxifylline	50-64	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	11-38
15025228-1	2004	BACKGROUND: Pentoxifylline (PTX) and thalidomide (TLD) have been shown to inhibit cytokine synthesis, mainly tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, in different inflammatory conditions.	Pentoxifylline	12-26	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	109-142
15025228-1	2004	BACKGROUND: Pentoxifylline (PTX) and thalidomide (TLD) have been shown to inhibit cytokine synthesis, mainly tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, in different inflammatory conditions.	Pentoxifylline	28-31	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	109-142
15025228-12	2004	CONCLUSION: The data showed a protective effect of PTX and TLD on experimental periodontitis, suggesting a role for TNF-alpha in the pathophysiology of periodontitis.	Pentoxifylline	51-54	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	116-125
29539102-1	2004	BACKGROUND: Pentoxifylline (PTX) and thalidomide (TLD) have been shown to inhibit cytokine synthesis, mainly tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, in different inflammatory conditions.	Pentoxifylline	12-26	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	109-142
29539102-1	2004	BACKGROUND: Pentoxifylline (PTX) and thalidomide (TLD) have been shown to inhibit cytokine synthesis, mainly tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, in different inflammatory conditions.	Pentoxifylline	28-31	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	109-142
29539102-12	2004	CONCLUSION: The data showed a protective effect of PTX and TLD on experimental periodontitis, suggesting a role for TNF-alpha in the pathophysiology of periodontitis.	Pentoxifylline	51-54	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	116-125
14625475-9	2003	Treatment of burn-injured rats with PTX produced a near complete recovery of T cell proliferation and IL-2 production.	Pentoxifylline	36-39	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	102-106
14625475-10	2003	Furthermore, PTX treatment also prevented the burn-mediated suppression in P59fyn and kinase activity as well as restored Ca2+ signaling similar to those observed in sham injured rats.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	FYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	75-81
14625475-11	2003	These findings altogether suggested that PTX treatment attenuate T cell suppression in burn-injured rats and that the effects of PTX are mediated via modulating P59 fyn and Ca2+ signaling.	Pentoxifylline	129-132	FYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase	Rattus norvegicus	161-168
14642793-8	2003	Pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of TNF-alpha, which by itself accelerated ulcer healing in non-diabetic rats, counteracted the increase in the area of gastric ulcer induced by streptozotocin, raised significantly gastric blood flow and suppressed the plasma TNF-alpha levels.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	255-264
14572778-2	2003	PTX is thought to act by inhibiting phosphodiesterase, thus increasing cAMP and decreasing tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) synthesis.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	91-118
14599774-3	2003	Pentoxifylline and the related drug Caffeine are known radiosensitizers especially in p53 mutant cells.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	86-89
14599774-6	2003	The picture now emerging shows that Caffeine and Pentoxifylline inhibit homologous recombination by targeting members of the PIK kinase family (ATM and ATR) which facilitate repair in G2.	Pentoxifylline	49-63	ATM serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	144-147
14599774-6	2003	The picture now emerging shows that Caffeine and Pentoxifylline inhibit homologous recombination by targeting members of the PIK kinase family (ATM and ATR) which facilitate repair in G2.	Pentoxifylline	49-63	ATR serine/threonine kinase	Homo sapiens	152-155
14572778-2	2003	PTX is thought to act by inhibiting phosphodiesterase, thus increasing cAMP and decreasing tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) synthesis.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	120-129
14572778-10	2003	RESULTS: Animals treated with PTX + LPS showed a significant reduction in lung injury score, a marked decrease in ICAM-1 expression, and a significant decrease in IL-8 levels in the BAL and serum IL-6 levels when compared with LPS-treated animals.	Pentoxifylline	30-33	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-120
14572778-10	2003	RESULTS: Animals treated with PTX + LPS showed a significant reduction in lung injury score, a marked decrease in ICAM-1 expression, and a significant decrease in IL-8 levels in the BAL and serum IL-6 levels when compared with LPS-treated animals.	Pentoxifylline	30-33	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	196-200
12900807-0	2003	Effects of pentoxifylline administration on urinary N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase excretion in type 2 diabetic patients: a short-term, prospective, randomized study.	Pentoxifylline	11-25	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	52-81
14609301-6	2003	PTX treatment caused significant increases in Hb, Htc, and haptoglobin levels (P &lt; 0.05, P &lt; 0.05 and P &lt; 0.01, respectively).	Pentoxifylline	0-3	haptoglobin	Homo sapiens	59-70
14500737-0	2003	Pentoxifylline inhibits platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated cyclin D1 expression in mesangial cells by blocking Akt membrane translocation.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	cyclin D1	Rattus norvegicus	66-75
14500737-0	2003	Pentoxifylline inhibits platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated cyclin D1 expression in mesangial cells by blocking Akt membrane translocation.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	118-121
14500737-2	2003	Here, we demonstrate that in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-stimulated mesangial cells, PTX causes G1 arrest by down-regulation of cyclin D1 expression, which subsequently attenuates Cdk4 activity.	Pentoxifylline	95-98	cyclin D1	Rattus norvegicus	138-147
14500737-2	2003	Here, we demonstrate that in platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-stimulated mesangial cells, PTX causes G1 arrest by down-regulation of cyclin D1 expression, which subsequently attenuates Cdk4 activity.	Pentoxifylline	95-98	cyclin-dependent kinase 4	Rattus norvegicus	190-194
14500737-3	2003	In vivo, PTX similarly reduces cyclin D1 expression in mesangial cells of rats with acute Thy1 glomerulonephritis.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	cyclin D1	Rattus norvegicus	31-40
14500737-3	2003	In vivo, PTX similarly reduces cyclin D1 expression in mesangial cells of rats with acute Thy1 glomerulonephritis.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	Thy-1 cell surface antigen	Rattus norvegicus	90-94
14500737-4	2003	The mechanism by which PTX reduces cyclin D1 is also investigated.	Pentoxifylline	23-26	cyclin D1	Rattus norvegicus	35-44
14500737-5	2003	PTX blocks Akt but not phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activation in response to PDGF and abrogates cyclin D1 induction by PI3K, suggesting an effect of PTX on Akt itself.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	11-14
14500737-5	2003	PTX blocks Akt but not phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activation in response to PDGF and abrogates cyclin D1 induction by PI3K, suggesting an effect of PTX on Akt itself.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	cyclin D1	Rattus norvegicus	105-114
14500737-5	2003	PTX blocks Akt but not phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activation in response to PDGF and abrogates cyclin D1 induction by PI3K, suggesting an effect of PTX on Akt itself.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	165-168
14500737-6	2003	Indeed, PTX is capable of blocking the membrane translocation of Akt, and enforced targeting of Akt to cell membrane prevents the inhibition of Akt and cyclin D1 by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	8-11	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	65-68
14500737-6	2003	Indeed, PTX is capable of blocking the membrane translocation of Akt, and enforced targeting of Akt to cell membrane prevents the inhibition of Akt and cyclin D1 by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	165-168	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	96-99
14500737-6	2003	Indeed, PTX is capable of blocking the membrane translocation of Akt, and enforced targeting of Akt to cell membrane prevents the inhibition of Akt and cyclin D1 by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	165-168	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	96-99
14500737-6	2003	Indeed, PTX is capable of blocking the membrane translocation of Akt, and enforced targeting of Akt to cell membrane prevents the inhibition of Akt and cyclin D1 by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	165-168	cyclin D1	Rattus norvegicus	152-161
14500737-8	2003	The PKA antagonist N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinoline (H89) abolishes cell proliferation effects of PTX and restores cyclin D1 expression as well as Akt membrane translocation and activation by PDGF, whereas dibutyryl cAMP and forskolin recapitulate the functions of PTX in mesangial cells.	Pentoxifylline	114-117	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
14500737-8	2003	The PKA antagonist N-[2-(4-bromocinnamylamino)ethyl]-5-isoquinoline (H89) abolishes cell proliferation effects of PTX and restores cyclin D1 expression as well as Akt membrane translocation and activation by PDGF, whereas dibutyryl cAMP and forskolin recapitulate the functions of PTX in mesangial cells.	Pentoxifylline	281-284	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	4-7
14500737-9	2003	In conclusion, our results indicate that PTX, acting through PKA, interferes with PDGF signaling to Akt activation by blocking Akt membrane translocation, thereby inhibiting cyclin D1 expression and mesangial cell proliferation.	Pentoxifylline	41-44	protein kinase cAMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha	Rattus norvegicus	61-64
14500737-9	2003	In conclusion, our results indicate that PTX, acting through PKA, interferes with PDGF signaling to Akt activation by blocking Akt membrane translocation, thereby inhibiting cyclin D1 expression and mesangial cell proliferation.	Pentoxifylline	41-44	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	100-103
14500737-9	2003	In conclusion, our results indicate that PTX, acting through PKA, interferes with PDGF signaling to Akt activation by blocking Akt membrane translocation, thereby inhibiting cyclin D1 expression and mesangial cell proliferation.	Pentoxifylline	41-44	AKT serine/threonine kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	127-130
14500737-9	2003	In conclusion, our results indicate that PTX, acting through PKA, interferes with PDGF signaling to Akt activation by blocking Akt membrane translocation, thereby inhibiting cyclin D1 expression and mesangial cell proliferation.	Pentoxifylline	41-44	cyclin D1	Rattus norvegicus	174-183
14669850-1	2003	Pentoxifylline (PTX) has been reported to inhibit TNF-alpha production and prevent several types of acute renal failure.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	50-59
14669850-1	2003	Pentoxifylline (PTX) has been reported to inhibit TNF-alpha production and prevent several types of acute renal failure.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	50-59
14669850-13	2003	The expression of TNF-alpha mRNA was increased after cisplatin injection and the effect was inhibited by PTX pretreatment.	Pentoxifylline	105-108	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	18-27
14669850-14	2003	These results suggest that cisplatin-induced acute renal failure in rabbits is associated with an induction of TNF-alpha-mediated apoptosis, and that PTX may exert a protective effect against cisplatin nephrotoxicity by inhibiting TNF-alpha production.	Pentoxifylline	150-153	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	231-240
14559850-10	2003	injection of a TNFalpha synthesis inhibitor, pentoxifylline, during skin tumor promotion completely prevented the development of mSCC in PKCepsilon transgenic mice.	Pentoxifylline	45-59	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	15-23
14559850-10	2003	injection of a TNFalpha synthesis inhibitor, pentoxifylline, during skin tumor promotion completely prevented the development of mSCC in PKCepsilon transgenic mice.	Pentoxifylline	45-59	protein kinase C, epsilon	Mus musculus	137-147
12888451-7	2003	In addition, pentoxifylline suppressed the up-regulation of ICAM-1 and E-cadherin expression and may therefore attenuated the airway inflammation in acid-induced pneumonitis.	Pentoxifylline	13-27	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	60-66
12888451-7	2003	In addition, pentoxifylline suppressed the up-regulation of ICAM-1 and E-cadherin expression and may therefore attenuated the airway inflammation in acid-induced pneumonitis.	Pentoxifylline	13-27	cadherin 1	Homo sapiens	71-81
14566072-0	2003	Stress-induced rise in endothelaemia, von Willebrand factor and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis activation is reduced by pretreatment with pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	150-164	von Willebrand factor	Rattus norvegicus	38-59
12898537-7	2003	Pentoxifylline blocked elevations in A-20 and decreased elevations in GFAP mRNA levels.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor, alpha-induced protein 3	Mus musculus	37-41
12898537-7	2003	Pentoxifylline blocked elevations in A-20 and decreased elevations in GFAP mRNA levels.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	glial fibrillary acidic protein	Mus musculus	70-74
12900807-2	2003	In 45 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), we prospectively analyzed urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG), a marker of tubular renal damage; the potential relationship with urinary protein excretion; and effects of pentoxifylline (PTF) administration.	Pentoxifylline	243-257	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	129-132
12900807-2	2003	In 45 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), we prospectively analyzed urinary excretion of N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (NAG), a marker of tubular renal damage; the potential relationship with urinary protein excretion; and effects of pentoxifylline (PTF) administration.	Pentoxifylline	259-262	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	129-132
12900807-11	2003	PTF administration is effective in reducing proteinuria and urinary NAG excretion in these patients.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	O-GlcNAcase	Homo sapiens	68-71
12829674-2	2003	RIF treatment with a combination of pentoxifylline (PTX) and alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E; Vit E) was recently prompted by the good results of a clinical trial and an animal study.	Pentoxifylline	36-50	ras homolog family member F, filopodia associated	Homo sapiens	0-3
12884304-4	2003	Surprisingly, G-CSF formation was enhanced in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated blood from a pentoxifylline-treated patient.	Pentoxifylline	95-109	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	14-19
12829674-2	2003	RIF treatment with a combination of pentoxifylline (PTX) and alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E; Vit E) was recently prompted by the good results of a clinical trial and an animal study.	Pentoxifylline	52-55	ras homolog family member F, filopodia associated	Homo sapiens	0-3
12829674-9	2003	Mean RIF surface regression was significant with combined PTX/Vit E versus double placebo (60% +/- 10% v 43% +/- 17%; P =.038).	Pentoxifylline	58-61	ras homolog family member F, filopodia associated	Homo sapiens	5-8
12844341-0	2003	Inhibition of TNF-alpha production by pentoxifylline does not prevent endotoxin-induced decrease in serum IGF-I.	Pentoxifylline	38-52	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	14-23
12829674-11	2003	CONCLUSION: Six months" treatment of combined PTX/Vit E can significantly reduce superficial RIF.	Pentoxifylline	46-49	vitrin	Homo sapiens	50-53
12844341-3	2003	Pentoxifylline, a methylxanthine usually used in the treatment of peripheral arterial circulatory disorders, has been reported to inhibit TNF-alpha synthesis.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	138-147
12829674-11	2003	CONCLUSION: Six months" treatment of combined PTX/Vit E can significantly reduce superficial RIF.	Pentoxifylline	46-49	ras homolog family member F, filopodia associated	Homo sapiens	93-96
12844341-4	2003	The goal of our study was to investigate whether inhibition of TNF-alpha production by pentoxifylline could prevent the decrease in IGF-I and the GH resistance caused by LPS injection.	Pentoxifylline	87-101	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	63-72
12637634-12	2003	At a concentration (300 micro g/ml) that inhibited the collagen gene expression, PTX suppressed the ERK1/2 and p38(HOG) activation by TGF-beta.	Pentoxifylline	81-84	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	111-114
12844341-4	2003	The goal of our study was to investigate whether inhibition of TNF-alpha production by pentoxifylline could prevent the decrease in IGF-I and the GH resistance caused by LPS injection.	Pentoxifylline	87-101	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	132-137
12844341-4	2003	The goal of our study was to investigate whether inhibition of TNF-alpha production by pentoxifylline could prevent the decrease in IGF-I and the GH resistance caused by LPS injection.	Pentoxifylline	87-101	gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor	Rattus norvegicus	146-148
12844341-7	2003	Pretreatment of LPS-treated animals by pentoxifylline abolished the LPS-induced rise in serum TNF-alpha (-98% at 90 min; P&lt;0.001 vs LPS alone) and to a lesser extent in serum IL-1beta (-44% at 3 h; not significant vs LPS alone).	Pentoxifylline	39-53	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	94-103
12844341-7	2003	Pretreatment of LPS-treated animals by pentoxifylline abolished the LPS-induced rise in serum TNF-alpha (-98% at 90 min; P&lt;0.001 vs LPS alone) and to a lesser extent in serum IL-1beta (-44% at 3 h; not significant vs LPS alone).	Pentoxifylline	39-53	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	178-186
12792732-2	2003	Besides its well-known hemorheological properties PTX has been found to decrease the secretion of some inflammatory cytokines such as TNF, IL-12 and IFN-gamma.	Pentoxifylline	50-53	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	149-158
12794024-0	2003	Pentoxifyllin attenuates the systemic inflammatory response induced during isolated limb perfusion with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha and melphalan.	Pentoxifylline	0-13	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	122-149
12794024-7	2003	RESULTS: After reperfusion, systemic levels of TNF-alpha were significantly less increased in the PTX group (peak, 2.8 vs. 1.3 ng/mL; P &lt;.05), as were interleukin-6 values (peak, 68 vs. 22 pg/mL; P &lt;.02) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein plasma levels (peak, 215 vs. 105 micro g/mL; P &lt;.03).	Pentoxifylline	98-101	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	47-56
12794024-7	2003	RESULTS: After reperfusion, systemic levels of TNF-alpha were significantly less increased in the PTX group (peak, 2.8 vs. 1.3 ng/mL; P &lt;.05), as were interleukin-6 values (peak, 68 vs. 22 pg/mL; P &lt;.02) and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein plasma levels (peak, 215 vs. 105 micro g/mL; P &lt;.03).	Pentoxifylline	98-101	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	154-167
12667653-5	2003	Administration of the tumor necrosis-factor alpha (TNF-alpha) synthesis inhibitor pentoxifylline or targeted deletion of the type I TNF receptor had no behavioral effects whereas administration of pentoxifylline in IL-1ra-treated mice further reversed the behavioral depression.	Pentoxifylline	82-96	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	51-60
12667653-5	2003	Administration of the tumor necrosis-factor alpha (TNF-alpha) synthesis inhibitor pentoxifylline or targeted deletion of the type I TNF receptor had no behavioral effects whereas administration of pentoxifylline in IL-1ra-treated mice further reversed the behavioral depression.	Pentoxifylline	197-211	interleukin 1 receptor antagonist	Mus musculus	215-221
12637634-0	2003	Pentoxifylline modulates intracellular signalling of TGF-beta in cultured human peritoneal mesothelial cells: implications for prevention of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	53-61
12637634-2	2003	We reported previously that TGF-beta stimulates collagen gene expression in cultured HPMC, and is attenuated by pentoxifylline (PTX).	Pentoxifylline	112-126	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	28-36
12637634-2	2003	We reported previously that TGF-beta stimulates collagen gene expression in cultured HPMC, and is attenuated by pentoxifylline (PTX).	Pentoxifylline	128-131	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	28-36
12637634-4	2003	However, how PTX modulates the intracellular signalling downstream to TGF-beta remains undetermined in HPMC.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	70-78
12637634-5	2003	In this study, we explored these signalling pathways in HPMC, and investigated the molecular mechanisms involved in the inhibitory effects of PTX on TGF-beta-induced collagen gene expression in HPMC.	Pentoxifylline	142-145	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	149-157
12694767-14	2003	The unique comparison with Pentoxifylline afforded by this study indicates that at the doses studied Pentoxifylline appears to be superior, correlating with a greater inhibition of IL-8 expression.	Pentoxifylline	101-115	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	181-185
12637634-12	2003	At a concentration (300 micro g/ml) that inhibited the collagen gene expression, PTX suppressed the ERK1/2 and p38(HOG) activation by TGF-beta.	Pentoxifylline	81-84	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	134-142
12637634-14	2003	CONCLUSION: PTX inhibits the TGF-beta-induced collagen gene expression in HPMC through modulating the ERK1/2 and p38(HOG) pathways.	Pentoxifylline	12-15	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	29-37
12637634-14	2003	CONCLUSION: PTX inhibits the TGF-beta-induced collagen gene expression in HPMC through modulating the ERK1/2 and p38(HOG) pathways.	Pentoxifylline	12-15	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	102-108
12637634-8	2003	RESULTS: TGF-beta-stimulated collagen alpha1(I) mRNA expression of HPMC was inhibited by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	89-92	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	9-17
12637634-14	2003	CONCLUSION: PTX inhibits the TGF-beta-induced collagen gene expression in HPMC through modulating the ERK1/2 and p38(HOG) pathways.	Pentoxifylline	12-15	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	113-116
12637634-12	2003	At a concentration (300 micro g/ml) that inhibited the collagen gene expression, PTX suppressed the ERK1/2 and p38(HOG) activation by TGF-beta.	Pentoxifylline	81-84	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	100-106
12642397-0	2003	Inhibition by pentoxifylline of TNF-alpha-stimulated fractalkine production in vascular smooth muscle cells: evidence for mediation by NF-kappa B down-regulation.	Pentoxifylline	14-28	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	32-41
12644391-23	2003	Thus, PTX, when given at doses comparable to those used in man for treatment of circulatory disorders displayed anti-inflammatory in vivo and enhanced the anti-inflammatory effect of a selective COX-2 inhibitor or dexamethasone.	Pentoxifylline	6-9	mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II	Homo sapiens	195-200
12642397-0	2003	Inhibition by pentoxifylline of TNF-alpha-stimulated fractalkine production in vascular smooth muscle cells: evidence for mediation by NF-kappa B down-regulation.	Pentoxifylline	14-28	C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-64
12642397-9	2003	(5) Pretreatment with pentoxifylline (0.1-1 mg ml(-1)) decreased TNF-alpha-stimulated fractalkine mRNA and protein expression, which was preceded by a reduction in TNF-alpha-activated phosphorylation of PKC, p42/44 MAPK and c-Jun as well as degradation of I-kappaBalpha and p65/NF-kappaB nuclear translocation.	Pentoxifylline	22-36	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	65-74
12642397-9	2003	(5) Pretreatment with pentoxifylline (0.1-1 mg ml(-1)) decreased TNF-alpha-stimulated fractalkine mRNA and protein expression, which was preceded by a reduction in TNF-alpha-activated phosphorylation of PKC, p42/44 MAPK and c-Jun as well as degradation of I-kappaBalpha and p65/NF-kappaB nuclear translocation.	Pentoxifylline	22-36	C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1	Rattus norvegicus	86-97
12642397-9	2003	(5) Pretreatment with pentoxifylline (0.1-1 mg ml(-1)) decreased TNF-alpha-stimulated fractalkine mRNA and protein expression, which was preceded by a reduction in TNF-alpha-activated phosphorylation of PKC, p42/44 MAPK and c-Jun as well as degradation of I-kappaBalpha and p65/NF-kappaB nuclear translocation.	Pentoxifylline	22-36	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	164-173
12642397-9	2003	(5) Pretreatment with pentoxifylline (0.1-1 mg ml(-1)) decreased TNF-alpha-stimulated fractalkine mRNA and protein expression, which was preceded by a reduction in TNF-alpha-activated phosphorylation of PKC, p42/44 MAPK and c-Jun as well as degradation of I-kappaBalpha and p65/NF-kappaB nuclear translocation.	Pentoxifylline	22-36	NFKB inhibitor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	256-269
12642397-9	2003	(5) Pretreatment with pentoxifylline (0.1-1 mg ml(-1)) decreased TNF-alpha-stimulated fractalkine mRNA and protein expression, which was preceded by a reduction in TNF-alpha-activated phosphorylation of PKC, p42/44 MAPK and c-Jun as well as degradation of I-kappaBalpha and p65/NF-kappaB nuclear translocation.	Pentoxifylline	22-36	synaptotagmin 1	Rattus norvegicus	274-277
12642397-11	2003	Down-regulation of the PKC, p42/44 MAPK, and p65/NF-kappaB signals by PTX may be therapeutically relevant and provide an explanation for the anti-fractalkine effect of this drug.	Pentoxifylline	70-73	synaptotagmin 1	Rattus norvegicus	45-48
12642397-11	2003	Down-regulation of the PKC, p42/44 MAPK, and p65/NF-kappaB signals by PTX may be therapeutically relevant and provide an explanation for the anti-fractalkine effect of this drug.	Pentoxifylline	70-73	C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1	Rattus norvegicus	146-157
12639813-4	2003	We and others have shown that pentoxiphylline inhibits TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	30-45	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	55-64
12639813-14	2003	CONCLUSION: Therapy with pentoxiphylline for 24 weeks is associated with a decline in the levels of caspase 1 and caspase 8.	Pentoxifylline	25-40	caspase 1	Homo sapiens	100-109
12639813-14	2003	CONCLUSION: Therapy with pentoxiphylline for 24 weeks is associated with a decline in the levels of caspase 1 and caspase 8.	Pentoxifylline	25-40	caspase 8	Homo sapiens	114-123
12576442-8	2003	All six anti-inflammatory agents suppressed induction of IL-8 mRNA expression in lung cancer cells by &gt;90%, four (pentoxifylline, celecoxib, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, and dexamethasone) having a dose-dependent effect.	Pentoxifylline	117-131	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	57-61
12593855-0	2003	Pentoxifylline protects L929 fibroblasts from TNF-alpha toxicity via the induction of heme oxygenase-1.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	46-55
12593855-0	2003	Pentoxifylline protects L929 fibroblasts from TNF-alpha toxicity via the induction of heme oxygenase-1.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	86-102
12593855-2	2003	Pentoxifylline (PTX), which can inhibit cellular TNF-alpha synthesis, also attenuates the toxic effect of TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	49-58
12593855-2	2003	Pentoxifylline (PTX), which can inhibit cellular TNF-alpha synthesis, also attenuates the toxic effect of TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	106-115
12593855-2	2003	Pentoxifylline (PTX), which can inhibit cellular TNF-alpha synthesis, also attenuates the toxic effect of TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	49-58
12593855-2	2003	Pentoxifylline (PTX), which can inhibit cellular TNF-alpha synthesis, also attenuates the toxic effect of TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	106-115
12593855-6	2003	In this study, we investigated whether protection by PTX against TNF-alpha-mediated toxicity could be related to its ability to induce HO-1 expression and HO activity in L929 cells.	Pentoxifylline	53-56	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	65-74
12593855-6	2003	In this study, we investigated whether protection by PTX against TNF-alpha-mediated toxicity could be related to its ability to induce HO-1 expression and HO activity in L929 cells.	Pentoxifylline	53-56	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	135-139
12593855-7	2003	PTX in the range of 0.1-1.0mM significantly induced HO-1 expression and the resulting HO activity.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	52-56
12593855-8	2003	Pre-incubation of L929 cells with either PTX or the HO activator hemin resulted in the protection of the cells against TNF-alpha-mediated toxicity.	Pentoxifylline	41-44	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	119-128
12593855-12	2003	These results suggest that HO-1 expression and the ensuing formation of the HO metabolite CO may be a novel pathway by which PTX protects L929 cells from TNF-alpha-mediated toxicity.	Pentoxifylline	125-128	heme oxygenase 1	Mus musculus	27-31
12593855-12	2003	These results suggest that HO-1 expression and the ensuing formation of the HO metabolite CO may be a novel pathway by which PTX protects L929 cells from TNF-alpha-mediated toxicity.	Pentoxifylline	125-128	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	154-163
15040702-7	2003	Recently, the efficacy of pentoxifylline (PTX), which also inhibits in vitro and in vivo production of TNFa, has been suggested for ENL treatment.	Pentoxifylline	26-40	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	103-107
24944359-3	2003	The hemorheologic agent pentoxifylline blocks the production of TNF-alpha and may be an appropriate adjunctive therapy to IVIG and ASA.	Pentoxifylline	24-38	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	64-73
12568863-9	2003	RESULT(S): PTX-Vit.E treatment was well tolerated and induced improvements, as mean edematous endometrial thickness increased to 7.4 mm, with nice uterine crosses.	Pentoxifylline	11-14	vitrin	Homo sapiens	15-18
15040702-7	2003	Recently, the efficacy of pentoxifylline (PTX), which also inhibits in vitro and in vivo production of TNFa, has been suggested for ENL treatment.	Pentoxifylline	42-45	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	103-107
14614765-6	2003	Other agents that nonspecifically inhibit TNFalpha release include methotrexate, azathioprine and pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	98-112	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	42-50
12520082-9	2003	Either pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of cellular TNF-alpha synthesis, or anti-TNF-alpha serum coadministered to MCT/LPS-treated animals significantly attenuated liver injury.	Pentoxifylline	7-21	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	48-57
14757966-9	2003	Substances such as nicotinamide, allopurinol and pentoxifylline reduce superoxide- or hydrogen peroxide-induced proliferation of fibroblasts, GAG production and HLA-DR or HSP-72 expression by GO orbital fibroblasts, possibly through scavenging oxygen free radicals.	Pentoxifylline	49-63	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1A	Homo sapiens	171-177
12460034-1	2002	BACKGROUND: We investigated the ability of pentoxifylline, a drug with hemorheological actions known to block tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) release, to modulate whole-body protein kinetics in undialyzed patients with chronic uremia.	Pentoxifylline	43-57	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	110-137
12508372-0	2003	Effects of pentoxifylline on the hepatic content of TGF-beta1 and collagen in Schistosomiasis japonica mice with liver fibrosis.	Pentoxifylline	11-25	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	52-61
12508372-1	2003	AIM: To study the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the content of hepatic TGF-beta1, type I and type III collagen in schistosomiasis japonica mice with liver fibrosis and its mechanism of anti-fibrosis.	Pentoxifylline	29-43	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	76-85
12508372-1	2003	AIM: To study the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the content of hepatic TGF-beta1, type I and type III collagen in schistosomiasis japonica mice with liver fibrosis and its mechanism of anti-fibrosis.	Pentoxifylline	45-48	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	76-85
12508372-5	2003	Low dose PTX could also reduce the hepatic content of TGF-beta1 (0.752+/-0.152), type I (0.733+/-0.117) and type III (0.788+/-0.147) collagen, but without statistical significance (P&gt;0.05).	Pentoxifylline	9-12	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	54-63
12508372-6	2003	Both high dose and low dose PTX groups have significant differences on the content of TGF-beta1, type I and type III collagen (P&lt;0.05, P&lt;0.05, P&lt;0.01, respectively).	Pentoxifylline	28-31	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	86-95
12508372-7	2003	CONCLUSION: High dose of PTX treatment could reduce the content of hepatic TGF-beta1, type I and type III collagen significantly in schistosomiasis japonica mice with liver fibrosis, and thus plays its role of antifibrosis.	Pentoxifylline	25-28	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	75-84
12633566-6	2002	Dexamethasone in the presence of hyperoxia and/or NO increased the release of IL-10 at 24 h. There was increased apoptosis in FTIIP exposed to hyperoxia alone and in combination with NO; this was significantly attenuated in the presence of dexamethasone and pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	258-272	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	78-83
12460034-1	2002	BACKGROUND: We investigated the ability of pentoxifylline, a drug with hemorheological actions known to block tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) release, to modulate whole-body protein kinetics in undialyzed patients with chronic uremia.	Pentoxifylline	43-57	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	139-148
12444210-5	2002	Pentoxifylline reduced the upregulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene by 60% in the cortex of remnant kidney, as well as in a dose-dependent manner in the albumin- or angiotensin II-stimulated proximal tubular cells.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Rattus norvegicus	43-77
14561185-6	2002	Accordingly, pretreatment with an antibody against TNF-alpha or blockade of TNF-alpha production with pentoxifylline ameliorates experimental acute pancreatitis.	Pentoxifylline	102-116	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	76-85
12693718-1	2002	Previously we have found that pentoxifylline (PTX), but not caffeine, theophylline, or 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine, affects sensitivity of L1210/VCR cells, a line with multidrug resistance mediated by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) to vincristine (VCR) and doxorubicine.	Pentoxifylline	30-44	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	201-215
12693718-1	2002	Previously we have found that pentoxifylline (PTX), but not caffeine, theophylline, or 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine, affects sensitivity of L1210/VCR cells, a line with multidrug resistance mediated by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) to vincristine (VCR) and doxorubicine.	Pentoxifylline	30-44	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	217-221
12693718-1	2002	Previously we have found that pentoxifylline (PTX), but not caffeine, theophylline, or 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine, affects sensitivity of L1210/VCR cells, a line with multidrug resistance mediated by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) to vincristine (VCR) and doxorubicine.	Pentoxifylline	46-49	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	201-215
12693718-1	2002	Previously we have found that pentoxifylline (PTX), but not caffeine, theophylline, or 1-methyl-3-isobutylxanthine, affects sensitivity of L1210/VCR cells, a line with multidrug resistance mediated by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) to vincristine (VCR) and doxorubicine.	Pentoxifylline	46-49	phosphoglycolate phosphatase	Mus musculus	217-221
12444210-5	2002	Pentoxifylline reduced the upregulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 gene by 60% in the cortex of remnant kidney, as well as in a dose-dependent manner in the albumin- or angiotensin II-stimulated proximal tubular cells.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	angiotensinogen	Rattus norvegicus	180-194
12382130-0	2002	Medroxyprogesterone acetate, enoxaparin and pentoxyfylline cause alterations in lipid peroxidation, paraoxonase (PON1) activities and homocysteine levels in the acute oxidative stress in an experimental model of spinal cord injury.	Pentoxifylline	44-58	paraoxonase 1	Rattus norvegicus	113-117
12419648-7	2002	However, PTX induced a decrease of 32% in IL-6 mRNA in acetaldehyde-treated cells.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	42-46
12419648-9	2002	These results show that PTX inhibits the expression of alpha(1)(I) collagen via the inhibition of IL-6 in acetaldehyde treated cells.	Pentoxifylline	24-27	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	98-102
12419648-10	2002	The effect herein reported on IL-6 and alpha(1)(I) collagen mRNA adds to the previously described effect of PTX, which could be useful in the fibrogenic process induced by acetaldehyde.	Pentoxifylline	108-111	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	30-34
12445692-6	2002	Pentoxifylline (100 mg kg(-1)) a TNF-alpha production inhibitor, ameliorated SLT-II-induced increases in the brain concentrations of both drugs and the K(p) value of FD-4, suggesting that TNF-alpha, at least in part, causes damage to the brain capillaries.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	33-42
12445692-6	2002	Pentoxifylline (100 mg kg(-1)) a TNF-alpha production inhibitor, ameliorated SLT-II-induced increases in the brain concentrations of both drugs and the K(p) value of FD-4, suggesting that TNF-alpha, at least in part, causes damage to the brain capillaries.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	188-197
12423714-2	2002	Although pentoxifylline, an immunomodulatory agent that inhibits tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production, improves pump function in mild-to-moderate heart failure, its effects on advanced heart failure have not been determined.	Pentoxifylline	9-23	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	95-104
12423714-7	2002	Pentoxifylline administration resulted in reduced TNF-alpha and Fas/Apo-1 concentrations, and an increase in ejection fraction at 1 month (p &lt;0.05 compared with baseline and with placebo), effects that were not observed in the placebo-treated group.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	50-59
12423714-7	2002	Pentoxifylline administration resulted in reduced TNF-alpha and Fas/Apo-1 concentrations, and an increase in ejection fraction at 1 month (p &lt;0.05 compared with baseline and with placebo), effects that were not observed in the placebo-treated group.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	Fas cell surface death receptor	Homo sapiens	68-73
12456286-0	2002	Radiosensitization and DNA repair inhibition by pentoxifylline in NIH3T3 p53 transfectants.	Pentoxifylline	48-62	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	73-76
12456286-1	2002	PURPOSE: To examine the role of p53 mutations in the modulation of DNA repair and radiotoxicity by pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	99-113	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	32-35
12456286-5	2002	RESULTS: In the two p53 hot-spot mutant cell lines p53-S269R and p53- + 15, the SF(10) radiotoxicity enhancement factors induced by the pentoxifylline were 8.0 and 9.7, respectively.	Pentoxifylline	136-150	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	20-23
12456286-5	2002	RESULTS: In the two p53 hot-spot mutant cell lines p53-S269R and p53- + 15, the SF(10) radiotoxicity enhancement factors induced by the pentoxifylline were 8.0 and 9.7, respectively.	Pentoxifylline	136-150	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	51-54
12456286-5	2002	RESULTS: In the two p53 hot-spot mutant cell lines p53-S269R and p53- + 15, the SF(10) radiotoxicity enhancement factors induced by the pentoxifylline were 8.0 and 9.7, respectively.	Pentoxifylline	136-150	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	51-54
12456286-9	2002	Constant-field gel electrophoresis analyses after 20 h of repair showed that pentoxifylline suppresses DNA double-strand break repair in all p53 mutant cell lines, as indicated by repair inhibition factors of 2.0-2.3.	Pentoxifylline	77-91	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	141-144
12456286-11	2002	CONCLUSIONS: p53 mutations are a general requirement for radiosensitization by pentoxifylline and the level of radiosensitization depends upon the location of the p53 mutation.	Pentoxifylline	79-93	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	13-16
12456286-11	2002	CONCLUSIONS: p53 mutations are a general requirement for radiosensitization by pentoxifylline and the level of radiosensitization depends upon the location of the p53 mutation.	Pentoxifylline	79-93	transformation related protein 53, pseudogene	Mus musculus	163-166
12424683-3	2002	The methylxanthinderivative pentoxyphylline (PTX) is known to inhibit the tumor necrosis factor alpha-synthesis and neutrophil degranulation and thus may have beneficial effects on meconium-induced pulmonary inflammation.	Pentoxifylline	28-43	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	74-101
12424683-3	2002	The methylxanthinderivative pentoxyphylline (PTX) is known to inhibit the tumor necrosis factor alpha-synthesis and neutrophil degranulation and thus may have beneficial effects on meconium-induced pulmonary inflammation.	Pentoxifylline	45-48	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	74-101
12419648-0	2002	Pentoxifylline diminished acetaldehyde-induced collagen production in hepatic stellate cells by decreasing interleukin-6 expression.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	107-120
12624981-9	2002	However, further studies to compare the effects of PTX with currently, widely used drugs for the treatment of ENL reaction are necessary.	Pentoxifylline	51-54	MLLT1 super elongation complex subunit	Homo sapiens	110-113
12587528-2	2002	Pentoxifylline, a methylxanthine derivative, was found to inhibit TNF-alpha synthesis.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	66-75
12209287-10	2002	An CpG effect requires de novo mRNA synthesis, since the sensitizing effect was inhibited by co-administration of mRNA transcription inhibitors such as D-GalN and pentoxifylline, which is a specific TNF-alpha transcription inhibitor.	Pentoxifylline	163-177	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	199-208
12237746-8	2002	In mice treated with LPS significantly increased levels of plasma nitrite and serum TNF-alpha were observed, changes inhibited by aminoguanidine [an inhibitor of inducible NO synthase (iNOS)] and pentoxifylline (an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha formation), respectively.	Pentoxifylline	196-210	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	84-93
12237746-8	2002	In mice treated with LPS significantly increased levels of plasma nitrite and serum TNF-alpha were observed, changes inhibited by aminoguanidine [an inhibitor of inducible NO synthase (iNOS)] and pentoxifylline (an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha formation), respectively.	Pentoxifylline	196-210	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	185-189
12237746-8	2002	In mice treated with LPS significantly increased levels of plasma nitrite and serum TNF-alpha were observed, changes inhibited by aminoguanidine [an inhibitor of inducible NO synthase (iNOS)] and pentoxifylline (an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha formation), respectively.	Pentoxifylline	196-210	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	228-255
12368119-12	2002	It also indicates the role of TNF-alpha upon the pathophysiology of this event based on the inhibitory action of DEXA, TAL and pentoxifylline, and on TNF-alpha secretion induced by cholera toxin.	Pentoxifylline	127-141	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	30-39
12231412-0	2002	A phosphodiesterase inhibitor, pentoxifylline, enhances the bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4)-dependent differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells.	Pentoxifylline	31-45	bone morphogenetic protein 4	Mus musculus	60-88
12231412-0	2002	A phosphodiesterase inhibitor, pentoxifylline, enhances the bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4)-dependent differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells.	Pentoxifylline	31-45	bone morphogenetic protein 4	Mus musculus	90-95
12231412-2	2002	This study reports the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX), a nonspecific inhibitor of phosphodiesterases (PDEs), that causes elevation of the intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) level on the BMP-4-induced chondro/osteogenic differentiation of a mesenchymal cell line, C3H10T1/2; a bone marrow stromal cell line, ST2; and an osteoblastic cell line, MC3T3-E1.	Pentoxifylline	34-48	bone morphogenetic protein 4	Mus musculus	204-209
12231412-2	2002	This study reports the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX), a nonspecific inhibitor of phosphodiesterases (PDEs), that causes elevation of the intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) level on the BMP-4-induced chondro/osteogenic differentiation of a mesenchymal cell line, C3H10T1/2; a bone marrow stromal cell line, ST2; and an osteoblastic cell line, MC3T3-E1.	Pentoxifylline	50-53	bone morphogenetic protein 4	Mus musculus	204-209
12231412-3	2002	It was found that PTX enhanced BMP-4-induced chondro/osteogenic differentiation in C3H10T1/2 and ST2 cells.	Pentoxifylline	18-21	bone morphogenetic protein 4	Mus musculus	31-36
11959591-7	2002	The TNF-alpha inhibitor pentoxifylline partly, but significantly, inhibited SLT-II-induced decreases in the GFR and CL(R) of LVX; in contrast, S-methylisothiourea, a selective inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase, did not.	Pentoxifylline	24-38	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	4-13
12149108-3	2002	We hypothesized that reducing serum levels of TNFalpha, using pentoxifylline, would improve endothelial function.	Pentoxifylline	62-76	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	46-54
12149108-9	2002	Pentoxifylline lowered serum TNF alpha from 4.1+/-0.7 to 2.9+/-0.6 pg x ml(-1) (P=0.001).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	29-38
12194756-5	2002	RESULTS: Clonogenic survival assays up to 8 Gy demonstrated that p53-defective HT-29 cells (sensitizer enhancement ratio [SER]=1.54) were sensitized by PTX (2 mM) to a significantly higher degree than p53 wild-type MCF-7 (SER=1.14) cells.	Pentoxifylline	152-155	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	65-68
12194756-5	2002	RESULTS: Clonogenic survival assays up to 8 Gy demonstrated that p53-defective HT-29 cells (sensitizer enhancement ratio [SER]=1.54) were sensitized by PTX (2 mM) to a significantly higher degree than p53 wild-type MCF-7 (SER=1.14) cells.	Pentoxifylline	152-155	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	201-204
12194756-6	2002	Exposure of irradiated (6 Gy) cells to PTX (2 mM) resulted in abrogation of the radiation-induced G2/M arrest in the p53-defective HT-29 and WiDr cells, whereas the p53 wild-type-expressing MCF-7 and HPR600 cells showed less significant impairment of the G2/M checkpoint.	Pentoxifylline	39-42	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	117-120
12194756-6	2002	Exposure of irradiated (6 Gy) cells to PTX (2 mM) resulted in abrogation of the radiation-induced G2/M arrest in the p53-defective HT-29 and WiDr cells, whereas the p53 wild-type-expressing MCF-7 and HPR600 cells showed less significant impairment of the G2/M checkpoint.	Pentoxifylline	39-42	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	165-168
12194756-9	2002	CONCLUSIONS: Since PTX was less effective in cells expressing intact p53, the application of PTX suggests a promising strategy of pharmacological disruption of the G2/M checkpoint control by which preferentially radiation-resistant tumours with defective p53 function might be rendered more sensitive to ionizing radiation.	Pentoxifylline	93-96	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	69-72
12194756-9	2002	CONCLUSIONS: Since PTX was less effective in cells expressing intact p53, the application of PTX suggests a promising strategy of pharmacological disruption of the G2/M checkpoint control by which preferentially radiation-resistant tumours with defective p53 function might be rendered more sensitive to ionizing radiation.	Pentoxifylline	93-96	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	255-258
12065204-7	2002	In both BB rat models, in vivo pentoxifylline treatment potently suppressed TNF-alpha, but only moderately affected interleukin-10 production in vitro.	Pentoxifylline	31-45	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	76-85
12065204-7	2002	In both BB rat models, in vivo pentoxifylline treatment potently suppressed TNF-alpha, but only moderately affected interleukin-10 production in vitro.	Pentoxifylline	31-45	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	116-130
12065204-9	2002	The observed pentoxifylline-induced increase of the interleukin-10/TNF-alpha ratio might be a mechanism for protection or delay of the diabetes development.	Pentoxifylline	13-27	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	52-66
12065204-9	2002	The observed pentoxifylline-induced increase of the interleukin-10/TNF-alpha ratio might be a mechanism for protection or delay of the diabetes development.	Pentoxifylline	13-27	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	67-76
12034156-3	2002	In the present study we sought to evaluate the effects of pentoxifylline, a drug known to inhibit the production of TNF-alpha, on clinical status, left ventricular function, and circulating plasma levels of TNF-alpha, in patients with PPC.	Pentoxifylline	58-72	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	116-125
12034156-3	2002	In the present study we sought to evaluate the effects of pentoxifylline, a drug known to inhibit the production of TNF-alpha, on clinical status, left ventricular function, and circulating plasma levels of TNF-alpha, in patients with PPC.	Pentoxifylline	58-72	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	207-216
12021409-0	2002	Selective down-regulation of c-jun gene expression by pentoxifylline and c-jun antisense interrupts platelet-derived growth factor signaling: pentoxifylline inhibits phosphorylation of c-Jun on serine 73.	Pentoxifylline	54-68	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	29-34
12021409-0	2002	Selective down-regulation of c-jun gene expression by pentoxifylline and c-jun antisense interrupts platelet-derived growth factor signaling: pentoxifylline inhibits phosphorylation of c-Jun on serine 73.	Pentoxifylline	142-156	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	29-34
12021409-0	2002	Selective down-regulation of c-jun gene expression by pentoxifylline and c-jun antisense interrupts platelet-derived growth factor signaling: pentoxifylline inhibits phosphorylation of c-Jun on serine 73.	Pentoxifylline	142-156	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	185-190
12021409-5	2002	We determined whether pentoxifylline would alter the expression of c-fos and c-jun.	Pentoxifylline	22-36	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	67-72
12021409-5	2002	We determined whether pentoxifylline would alter the expression of c-fos and c-jun.	Pentoxifylline	22-36	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	77-82
12021409-7	2002	Pentoxifylline effectively reduced c-jun gene expression, which had been up-regulated by PDGF, but did not alter c-fos gene expression.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	35-40
12021409-11	2002	These results suggest that pentoxifylline inhibits PDGF-stimulated proliferation by selectively decreasing c-jun expression.	Pentoxifylline	27-41	Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	107-112
12235115-6	2002	Inhibitors of TNF-alpha production (GM6001, pentoxifylline) and TNF-alpha Ab"s reduced serum and kidney TNF-alpha protein levels and also blunted the cisplatin-induced increases in TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, RANTES, MIP-2, MCP-1, and IL-1beta, but not ICAM-1, mRNA.	Pentoxifylline	44-58	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	14-23
12194756-0	2002	Preferential radiosensitization in p53-mutated human tumour cell lines by pentoxifylline-mediated disruption of the G2/M checkpoint control.	Pentoxifylline	74-88	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	35-38
12194756-2	2002	We studied the radiosensitizing potential of pentoxifylline (PTX) and the PTX-mediated modulation of cell-cycle progression dependent on the p53 status of various human tumour cell lines.	Pentoxifylline	74-77	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	141-144
12242128-0	2002	Modulation of radiation-induced tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) expression in the lung tissue by pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	106-120	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	62-71
12242128-3	2002	Pentoxifylline (PTX) down-regulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines, particularly TNF-alpha, in response to noxious stimuli and may therefore provide protection against radiation-induced, cytokine-mediated cellular damage.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	94-103
12242128-3	2002	Pentoxifylline (PTX) down-regulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines, particularly TNF-alpha, in response to noxious stimuli and may therefore provide protection against radiation-induced, cytokine-mediated cellular damage.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	94-103
12242128-5	2002	In addition, we evaluated the ability of PTX to reduce the radiation-induced TNF-alpha release in this animal model of thoracic irradiation.	Pentoxifylline	41-44	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	77-86
12242128-13	2002	In contrast to the radiation-only group (XRT-group), the lung tissue of the PTX-treated mice (PTX/XRT group) revealed only a minor radiation-mediated TNF-alpha response on mRNA and protein level.	Pentoxifylline	76-79	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	150-159
12242128-13	2002	In contrast to the radiation-only group (XRT-group), the lung tissue of the PTX-treated mice (PTX/XRT group) revealed only a minor radiation-mediated TNF-alpha response on mRNA and protein level.	Pentoxifylline	94-97	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	150-159
12242128-16	2002	In addition, we observed a pronounced reduction of the TNF-alpha mRNA and protein production in the study group that received both PTX and radiation (PTX/XRT group) as compared to the radiation-only group (XRT group).	Pentoxifylline	131-134	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	55-64
12242128-16	2002	In addition, we observed a pronounced reduction of the TNF-alpha mRNA and protein production in the study group that received both PTX and radiation (PTX/XRT group) as compared to the radiation-only group (XRT group).	Pentoxifylline	150-153	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	55-64
12242128-17	2002	Therefore our results indicate that PTX down-regulates the TNF-alpha mRNA and protein production in the lung tissue in response to radiation.	Pentoxifylline	36-39	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	59-68
12166633-3	2002	The objective was to determine the DNA integrity of the BRCA1 tumor suppressor gene and the c-myc proto-oncogene after PTX.	Pentoxifylline	119-122	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	92-97
12166633-12	2002	CONCLUSIONS: The data showed PTX pretreatment protected BRCA1 but not c-myc suggesting that PTX did not equally protect different cell genes.	Pentoxifylline	29-32	BRCA1 DNA repair associated	Homo sapiens	56-61
12030348-6	2002	PTX in vitro could suppress T cell proliferation and inhibit TNF-alpha and interferon-gamma production.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	61-70
12030348-6	2002	PTX in vitro could suppress T cell proliferation and inhibit TNF-alpha and interferon-gamma production.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	interferon gamma	Rattus norvegicus	75-91
12009572-7	2002	Our data are compatible with the notion that interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/nitric oxide (NO)-induced apoptosis of beta-cells in experimental diabetes is attenuated by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	194-197	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	45-61
11956484-9	2002	of the TNF-alpha and IL-1beta synthesis inhibitor pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	50-64	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	21-29
12009572-7	2002	Our data are compatible with the notion that interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/nitric oxide (NO)-induced apoptosis of beta-cells in experimental diabetes is attenuated by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	194-197	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	63-72
12009572-7	2002	Our data are compatible with the notion that interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/nitric oxide (NO)-induced apoptosis of beta-cells in experimental diabetes is attenuated by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	194-197	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	74-95
12009572-7	2002	Our data are compatible with the notion that interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)/nitric oxide (NO)-induced apoptosis of beta-cells in experimental diabetes is attenuated by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	194-197	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	97-100
11999342-2	2002	The purpose of this study was to examine whether pentoxifylline would inhibit the expression of inflammatory cytokines, particularly tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF), and thereby decrease the pathophysiology of acute porcine pleuropneumonia.	Pentoxifylline	49-63	tumor necrosis factor	Sus scrofa	133-160
12223078-6	2002	Inhibiting the inducible expression of TF by monocytes can be achieved by "deactivating" cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-4, -10 and -13, or by certain prostanoids; by drugs that modify signal transduction, such as pentoxifylline, retinoic acid or vitamin D(3), or by antisense oligonucleotides.	Pentoxifylline	218-232	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	39-41
11981227-9	2002	), but not after 72 h. Additionally, in vitro assays showed that ptx inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity in a dose-dependent manner when incubated with homogenates from rat hippocampus.	Pentoxifylline	65-68	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	78-98
11999342-2	2002	The purpose of this study was to examine whether pentoxifylline would inhibit the expression of inflammatory cytokines, particularly tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF), and thereby decrease the pathophysiology of acute porcine pleuropneumonia.	Pentoxifylline	49-63	tumor necrosis factor	Sus scrofa	162-165
11999342-3	2002	E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and bacterial extracts of A. pleuropneumoniae--induced elevations in TNF mRNA which were fully abrogated by addition of pentoxifylline in both alveolar macrophage and neutrophil cultures.	Pentoxifylline	153-167	tumor necrosis factor	Sus scrofa	102-105
11856177-8	2002	When pentoxifylline is added 12-24 h post-irradiation when the cell cycle blocks have reached their maximum the appearance of cells with phosphorylated H3 increases 3-5-fold in the p53 mutant cell lines MeWo and 4451.	Pentoxifylline	5-19	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	181-184
11836620-1	2002	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is commonly used in peripheral blood vessel diseases, however it has also been found to decrease the level of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-12, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	172-181
11836620-1	2002	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is commonly used in peripheral blood vessel diseases, however it has also been found to decrease the level of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-12, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	186-195
11836620-1	2002	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is commonly used in peripheral blood vessel diseases, however it has also been found to decrease the level of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-12, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	172-181
11836620-1	2002	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is commonly used in peripheral blood vessel diseases, however it has also been found to decrease the level of proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-12, TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	186-195
12187479-13	2002	Concomitant pentoxifylline treatment did not affect any of these parameters, although it effectively reduced TNF-alpha concentrations in the anterior chamber and the serum.	Pentoxifylline	12-26	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	109-118
11788567-10	2002	CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that targeting pentoxifylline to the fibrogenic cells, thereby avoiding upregulation of TIMP-1, could become a potent antifibrogenic tool in chronic liver disease.	Pentoxifylline	40-54	TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1	Rattus norvegicus	113-119
11781294-5	2002	Pentoxifylline prevented up-regulation of TNF-alpha expression.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	42-51
11843059-9	2002	The decrease in the expression of TGF-alpha mRNA caused by PTX and db-cAMP was completely abolished by PKI; in contrast, TGF-beta2 remained unaltered.	Pentoxifylline	59-62	transforming growth factor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	34-43
11843059-10	2002	Yet, anti-TGF-beta2 antibodies partially restored the PTX-inhibited cell proliferation.	Pentoxifylline	54-57	transforming growth factor, beta 2	Rattus norvegicus	10-19
11843059-11	2002	CONCLUSION: The phosphodiesterase inhibitor, PTX, inhibits IEC18 cell proliferation via a differential modulation of TGF-alpha and TGF-beta2 expression.	Pentoxifylline	45-48	transforming growth factor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	117-126
11843059-11	2002	CONCLUSION: The phosphodiesterase inhibitor, PTX, inhibits IEC18 cell proliferation via a differential modulation of TGF-alpha and TGF-beta2 expression.	Pentoxifylline	45-48	transforming growth factor, beta 2	Rattus norvegicus	131-140
11772390-2	2002	Xanthine derivatives such as pentoxifylline inhibit tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) production, which has been implicated in the signalling of muscle wasting.	Pentoxifylline	29-43	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	82-85
11805217-10	2002	Finally, nonselective inhibition of PDE by pentoxifylline suppressed LPS-mediated secretion of IL-6 and TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	43-57	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	95-99
11805217-10	2002	Finally, nonselective inhibition of PDE by pentoxifylline suppressed LPS-mediated secretion of IL-6 and TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	43-57	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	104-113
11843059-1	2002	BACKGROUND: Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, among which pentoxifylline (PTX), are candidate molecules for the treatment of TNF-alpha-dependent inflammatory diseases.	Pentoxifylline	60-74	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	127-136
11843059-1	2002	BACKGROUND: Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, among which pentoxifylline (PTX), are candidate molecules for the treatment of TNF-alpha-dependent inflammatory diseases.	Pentoxifylline	76-79	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	127-136
11843059-5	2002	RESULTS: PTX, like exogenous db-cAMP, inhibited in a dose-dependent manner the basal and TNF-alpha-modulated IEC18 cell proliferation; this effect was partly prevented by PKI.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	89-98
11843059-8	2002	Addition of db-cAMP instead of PTX also decreased TGF-alpha mRNA, but did not change TGF-beta2 transcripts.	Pentoxifylline	31-34	transforming growth factor alpha	Rattus norvegicus	50-59
11696001-8	2001	The increase in cathepsin L mRNA was reduced by 40% when the tumour-bearing animals were treated with pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of tumour necrosis factor-alpha production.	Pentoxifylline	102-116	cathepsin L	Rattus norvegicus	16-27
12375150-4	2002	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is also known to inhibit such inflammatory mediators as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin-6.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	77-104
12907844-12	2002	Moreover, pre-treatment with the TNF-alpha inhibitor pentoxyfilline (25 mg/kg; i.p.)	Pentoxifylline	53-67	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	33-42
11754643-4	2002	Using an in vitro model of avian growth plate chondrocytes, this study demonstrates that pentoxifylline is effective in increasing basal PTHrP mRNA levels and partially preventing the radiation-induced decrease in PTHrP mRNA.	Pentoxifylline	89-103	parathyroid hormone like hormone	Homo sapiens	137-142
11754643-4	2002	Using an in vitro model of avian growth plate chondrocytes, this study demonstrates that pentoxifylline is effective in increasing basal PTHrP mRNA levels and partially preventing the radiation-induced decrease in PTHrP mRNA.	Pentoxifylline	89-103	parathyroid hormone like hormone	Homo sapiens	214-219
11754643-6	2002	Pentoxifylline also prevented the radiation-induced decreases in [3H]thymidine uptake and BCL2 and PTHrP receptor mRNA levels in chondrocytes.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	90-94
11754643-6	2002	Pentoxifylline also prevented the radiation-induced decreases in [3H]thymidine uptake and BCL2 and PTHrP receptor mRNA levels in chondrocytes.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	parathyroid hormone like hormone	Homo sapiens	99-104
11754643-8	2002	The results of the current study suggest that by decreasing basal cytosolic calcium levels and curtailing the radiation-induced increase in cytosolic calcium levels in chondrocytes, pentoxifylline is able to sustain PTHrP signaling in chondrocytes and maintains the proliferative signal that is necessary to prevent chondrocytes from undergoing apoptosis.	Pentoxifylline	182-196	parathyroid hormone like hormone	Homo sapiens	216-221
11746205-2	2001	When HUVEC had been stimulated with 100 U ml(-1) TNF, treatment of neutrophils with PTX did not reduce the number captured from flow but did cause nearly all adherent cells ( &gt; 90%) to roll, whereas most untreated cells became immobilized and approximately 30% transmigrated within minutes.	Pentoxifylline	84-87	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	49-52
11746205-6	2001	If HUVEC were stimulated with 10 U ml(-1) TNF with PTX, the adhesion of flowing neutrophils was greatly inhibited compared to TNF alone.	Pentoxifylline	51-54	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	42-45
11746205-6	2001	If HUVEC were stimulated with 10 U ml(-1) TNF with PTX, the adhesion of flowing neutrophils was greatly inhibited compared to TNF alone.	Pentoxifylline	51-54	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	126-129
11746205-7	2001	Surface ELISA indicated that PTX reduced TNF-induced upregulation of E-selectin.	Pentoxifylline	29-32	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	41-44
11746205-7	2001	Surface ELISA indicated that PTX reduced TNF-induced upregulation of E-selectin.	Pentoxifylline	29-32	selectin E	Homo sapiens	69-79
12375150-4	2002	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is also known to inhibit such inflammatory mediators as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin-6.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	106-123
12375150-4	2002	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is also known to inhibit such inflammatory mediators as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin-6.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	129-142
12375150-4	2002	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is also known to inhibit such inflammatory mediators as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin-6.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	77-104
12375150-4	2002	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is also known to inhibit such inflammatory mediators as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin-6.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	106-123
12375150-4	2002	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is also known to inhibit such inflammatory mediators as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin-6.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	129-142
12568020-0	2002	[Effect of pentoxifylline on the expression of hepatic TGF-beta 1, type I and type III collagen in mice with liver fibrosis due to Schistosoma japonicum infection].	Pentoxifylline	11-25	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	55-65
12568020-1	2002	OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the content of hepatic TGF-beta 1, type I and type III collagen in schistosome-infected mice with liver fibrosis.	Pentoxifylline	34-48	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	81-91
12568020-1	2002	OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the content of hepatic TGF-beta 1, type I and type III collagen in schistosome-infected mice with liver fibrosis.	Pentoxifylline	50-53	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	81-91
12568020-4	2002	RESULTS: The effect of PTX on the content of hepatic TGF-beta 1, type I and type III collagen in mice was related to the dosage of PTX.	Pentoxifylline	23-26	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	53-63
12568020-4	2002	RESULTS: The effect of PTX on the content of hepatic TGF-beta 1, type I and type III collagen in mice was related to the dosage of PTX.	Pentoxifylline	131-134	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	53-63
12568020-5	2002	High dose PTX treatment significantly reduced the content of TGF-beta 1, type I and type III collagen compared to the control (P &lt; 0.01), whereas no difference was found between the group of low dose PTX treatment and control (P &gt; 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	10-13	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	61-71
12568020-6	2002	CONCLUSION: High dose PTX treatment could reduce the content of hepatic TGF-beta 1, type I and type III collagen significantly in schistosome-infected mice with liver fibrosis.	Pentoxifylline	22-25	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Mus musculus	72-82
11709325-4	2001	Pretreatment with pentoxifylline (50 mg/kg) significantly inhibited endotoxin-induced increases in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) levels in plasma, which ameliorated the endotoxin-induced reduction of the biliary excretion of rhodamine-123.	Pentoxifylline	18-32	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	99-126
11709325-4	2001	Pretreatment with pentoxifylline (50 mg/kg) significantly inhibited endotoxin-induced increases in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) levels in plasma, which ameliorated the endotoxin-induced reduction of the biliary excretion of rhodamine-123.	Pentoxifylline	18-32	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	128-137
11606432-2	2001	PeTx induced the osteoblastic markers, osteocalcin and Osf2/Cbfa1, in C3H10T1/2 and C2C12 cells and enhanced BMP-2-induced expression of osteocalcin, Osf2/Cbfa1, and alkaline phosphatase.	Pentoxifylline	0-4	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein 2	Mus musculus	137-148
11606432-2	2001	PeTx induced the osteoblastic markers, osteocalcin and Osf2/Cbfa1, in C3H10T1/2 and C2C12 cells and enhanced BMP-2-induced expression of osteocalcin, Osf2/Cbfa1, and alkaline phosphatase.	Pentoxifylline	0-4	runt related transcription factor 2	Mus musculus	150-154
11606432-0	2001	1-(5-oxohexyl)-3,7-Dimethylxanthine, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, activates MAPK cascades and promotes osteoblast differentiation by a mechanism independent of PKA activation (pentoxifylline promotes osteoblast differentiation).	Pentoxifylline	0-35	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	78-82
11606432-2	2001	PeTx induced the osteoblastic markers, osteocalcin and Osf2/Cbfa1, in C3H10T1/2 and C2C12 cells and enhanced BMP-2-induced expression of osteocalcin, Osf2/Cbfa1, and alkaline phosphatase.	Pentoxifylline	0-4	bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein 2	Mus musculus	39-50
11606432-2	2001	PeTx induced the osteoblastic markers, osteocalcin and Osf2/Cbfa1, in C3H10T1/2 and C2C12 cells and enhanced BMP-2-induced expression of osteocalcin, Osf2/Cbfa1, and alkaline phosphatase.	Pentoxifylline	0-4	runt related transcription factor 2	Mus musculus	155-160
11606432-2	2001	PeTx induced the osteoblastic markers, osteocalcin and Osf2/Cbfa1, in C3H10T1/2 and C2C12 cells and enhanced BMP-2-induced expression of osteocalcin, Osf2/Cbfa1, and alkaline phosphatase.	Pentoxifylline	0-4	runt related transcription factor 2	Mus musculus	55-59
11606432-3	2001	This activity was partially attributed to the fact that PeTx is able to enhance BMP-2-induced Smad1 transcriptional activity.	Pentoxifylline	56-60	bone morphogenetic protein 2	Mus musculus	80-85
11606432-2	2001	PeTx induced the osteoblastic markers, osteocalcin and Osf2/Cbfa1, in C3H10T1/2 and C2C12 cells and enhanced BMP-2-induced expression of osteocalcin, Osf2/Cbfa1, and alkaline phosphatase.	Pentoxifylline	0-4	runt related transcription factor 2	Mus musculus	60-65
11606432-3	2001	This activity was partially attributed to the fact that PeTx is able to enhance BMP-2-induced Smad1 transcriptional activity.	Pentoxifylline	56-60	SMAD family member 1	Mus musculus	94-99
11606432-2	2001	PeTx induced the osteoblastic markers, osteocalcin and Osf2/Cbfa1, in C3H10T1/2 and C2C12 cells and enhanced BMP-2-induced expression of osteocalcin, Osf2/Cbfa1, and alkaline phosphatase.	Pentoxifylline	0-4	bone morphogenetic protein 2	Mus musculus	109-114
11606432-5	2001	On the other hand, PeTx induced the activation of ERK1/2 and p38 kinase pathways independently of the activation of PKA.	Pentoxifylline	19-23	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Mus musculus	50-56
11606432-5	2001	On the other hand, PeTx induced the activation of ERK1/2 and p38 kinase pathways independently of the activation of PKA.	Pentoxifylline	19-23	mitogen-activated protein kinase 14	Mus musculus	61-64
11606432-6	2001	Selective inhibitors of these MAPK cascades prevented the induction of osteoblastic markers in cells treated with PeTx, suggesting that the activation of these two pathways plays a role in the effect of PeTx on osteoblastic differentiation.	Pentoxifylline	114-118	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	30-34
11606432-6	2001	Selective inhibitors of these MAPK cascades prevented the induction of osteoblastic markers in cells treated with PeTx, suggesting that the activation of these two pathways plays a role in the effect of PeTx on osteoblastic differentiation.	Pentoxifylline	203-207	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Mus musculus	30-34
11602691-4	2001	Rolipram and pentoxifylline, a nonspecific phosphodiesterase inhibitor, decreased transcription of IL-2 and TNF-alpha promoters in transiently transfected normal T cells.	Pentoxifylline	13-27	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	99-103
11602691-4	2001	Rolipram and pentoxifylline, a nonspecific phosphodiesterase inhibitor, decreased transcription of IL-2 and TNF-alpha promoters in transiently transfected normal T cells.	Pentoxifylline	13-27	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	108-117
11583728-3	2001	Interleukin-6 (IL-6) suppresses the activity of lipoprotein lipase, which modulates the metabolism of triglycerides and HDL-C. To determine whether a reduction of IL-6 contributes to the improvement of lipid profiles, we prospectively investigated the effect of cilostazol (n=16, 100 mg, twice daily) on the changes of lipid profiles and on the association with the changes of IL-6 compared with those of pentoxifylline (n=16, 400 mg, bid) in patients with IC.	Pentoxifylline	405-419	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	0-13
11777315-2	2001	This study was undertaken to determine whether pentoxifylline (PTX), an inhibitor of TNF-alpha production, provides a protective effect against ischemic acute renal failure in rabbits.	Pentoxifylline	47-61	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	85-94
11777315-2	2001	This study was undertaken to determine whether pentoxifylline (PTX), an inhibitor of TNF-alpha production, provides a protective effect against ischemic acute renal failure in rabbits.	Pentoxifylline	63-66	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	85-94
11777315-12	2001	The expression of TNF-alpha mRNA was increased after reperfusion, which was inhibited by PTX pretreatment.	Pentoxifylline	89-92	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	18-27
11777315-14	2001	These results suggest that PTX may exert a protective effect against ischemic acute renal failure by inhibiting the production of TNF-alpha in rabbits.	Pentoxifylline	27-30	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	130-139
11583728-3	2001	Interleukin-6 (IL-6) suppresses the activity of lipoprotein lipase, which modulates the metabolism of triglycerides and HDL-C. To determine whether a reduction of IL-6 contributes to the improvement of lipid profiles, we prospectively investigated the effect of cilostazol (n=16, 100 mg, twice daily) on the changes of lipid profiles and on the association with the changes of IL-6 compared with those of pentoxifylline (n=16, 400 mg, bid) in patients with IC.	Pentoxifylline	405-419	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	15-19
11583728-3	2001	Interleukin-6 (IL-6) suppresses the activity of lipoprotein lipase, which modulates the metabolism of triglycerides and HDL-C. To determine whether a reduction of IL-6 contributes to the improvement of lipid profiles, we prospectively investigated the effect of cilostazol (n=16, 100 mg, twice daily) on the changes of lipid profiles and on the association with the changes of IL-6 compared with those of pentoxifylline (n=16, 400 mg, bid) in patients with IC.	Pentoxifylline	405-419	lipoprotein lipase	Homo sapiens	48-66
11524048-0	2001	Differential effects of cilostazol and pentoxifylline on vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with intermittent claudication.	Pentoxifylline	39-53	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	57-91
11599799-13	2001	CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that the inhibitory effect of PTX on tumor angiogenesis is related to antiproliferative action on endothelial cells, as well as to down regulation of u-PA secreted by them.	Pentoxifylline	64-67	plasminogen activator, urokinase	Mus musculus	184-188
11520766-10	2001	During the second 10-20 day phase, the level of both IL-6 and IL-8 decreased significantly in the presence of pentoxifylline, the relation between these two cytokines being the inverse of that observed in the absence of the drug.	Pentoxifylline	110-124	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	53-57
11520766-10	2001	During the second 10-20 day phase, the level of both IL-6 and IL-8 decreased significantly in the presence of pentoxifylline, the relation between these two cytokines being the inverse of that observed in the absence of the drug.	Pentoxifylline	110-124	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	62-66
11520766-12	2001	CONCLUSION: The addition of pentoxifylline to organ culture media leads, ultimately, to a suppression of IL-6 and IL-8 secretion by corneal tissue.	Pentoxifylline	28-42	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	105-109
11520766-12	2001	CONCLUSION: The addition of pentoxifylline to organ culture media leads, ultimately, to a suppression of IL-6 and IL-8 secretion by corneal tissue.	Pentoxifylline	28-42	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	114-118
11524048-9	2001	In contrast, VEGF levels remained stable after the administration of pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	69-83	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	13-17
11508396-2	2001	On the basis of previous observations that suggest a possible role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in the pathology of this disease, an open-label study was performed to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment with an inhibitor of TNF-alpha (pentoxifylline) associated to antimony therapy in 10 patients with refractory mucosal leishmaniasis.	Pentoxifylline	252-266	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	241-250
11875767-0	2001	Pentoxifylline downregulates nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha induced by mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan in a macrophage cell line.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	46-73
11875767-1	2001	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is known to downregulate tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion induced by lipopolysacchride (LPS) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	78-105
11875767-1	2001	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is known to downregulate tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion induced by lipopolysacchride (LPS) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	107-116
11875767-1	2001	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is known to downregulate tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion induced by lipopolysacchride (LPS) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	167-194
11875767-1	2001	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is known to downregulate tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion induced by lipopolysacchride (LPS) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma).	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	78-105
11875767-1	2001	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is known to downregulate tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion induced by lipopolysacchride (LPS) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma).	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	107-116
11875767-1	2001	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, is known to downregulate tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion induced by lipopolysacchride (LPS) and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma).	Pentoxifylline	16-19	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	167-194
11875767-3	2001	PTX inhibited production of NO (IC50 approximately equal to 1.0 mg/ml) and TNF-alpha (IC50 approximately equal to 0.05 mg/ml) in a dose-dependent fashion.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	75-84
11875767-4	2001	As little as 0.5 mg/ml of PTX decreased NO production and 0.01 mg/ml of PTX inhibited TNF-alpha production.	Pentoxifylline	72-75	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	86-95
11875767-5	2001	Western blot analyses demonstrated that iNOS was suppressed by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	63-66	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	40-44
11875767-7	2001	We conclude that PTX is an effective inhibitor of lipoarabinomannan (LAM)-induced TNF-alpha production at both the product and transcriptional levels in our macrophage cell line.	Pentoxifylline	17-20	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	82-91
11875767-8	2001	PTX also showed moderate inhibition of NO at the product level as well as translation of iNOS.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	89-93
11513333-4	2001	However, it has been recently observed that drugs like cyclosporin A, FK506, leflunomide, mycophenolate mofetil, pentoxifylline, and linomide can directly modulate cytokine and/or LPS-induced NO production in various cell types in vitro, probably by interfering with iNOS gene transcription or catalytic activity of iNOS enzyme.	Pentoxifylline	113-127	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	267-271
11513333-4	2001	However, it has been recently observed that drugs like cyclosporin A, FK506, leflunomide, mycophenolate mofetil, pentoxifylline, and linomide can directly modulate cytokine and/or LPS-induced NO production in various cell types in vitro, probably by interfering with iNOS gene transcription or catalytic activity of iNOS enzyme.	Pentoxifylline	113-127	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	316-320
11451976-0	2001	Oral pentoxifylline inhibits release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha from human peripheral blood monocytes : a potential treatment for aseptic loosening of total joint components.	Pentoxifylline	5-19	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	40-67
11505142-0	2001	Activation of alveolar macrophages in acid-injured lung in rats: different effects of pentoxifylline on tumor necrosis factor-alpha and nitric oxide production.	Pentoxifylline	86-100	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	104-131
11505142-10	2001	Alveolar macrophages from rats pretreated with pentoxifylline before acid instillation produced significantly less tumor necrosis factor-alpha and did not overproduce tumor necrosis factor-alpha when exposed to lipopolysaccharide.	Pentoxifylline	47-61	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	115-142
11505142-13	2001	Pentoxifylline preserved innate production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha to lipopolysaccharide and did not inhibit the production of bactericidal nitric oxide.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	46-73
11580140-5	2001	Both pentoxifylline and dexamethasone inhibited TNFalpha and IL-1beta production, albeit to a different extent, iNOS induction and, as a result thereof, NO production.	Pentoxifylline	5-19	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	48-56
11580140-5	2001	Both pentoxifylline and dexamethasone inhibited TNFalpha and IL-1beta production, albeit to a different extent, iNOS induction and, as a result thereof, NO production.	Pentoxifylline	5-19	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	61-69
11580140-5	2001	Both pentoxifylline and dexamethasone inhibited TNFalpha and IL-1beta production, albeit to a different extent, iNOS induction and, as a result thereof, NO production.	Pentoxifylline	5-19	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	112-116
11466394-3	2001	We hypothesized that administration of pentoxifylline (PTX), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor known to inhibit Th1 cytokine production, during allergen (OVA) sensitization and challenge would lead to attenuation of AHR in a murine model of allergic pulmonary inflammation.	Pentoxifylline	39-53	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	108-111
11466394-3	2001	We hypothesized that administration of pentoxifylline (PTX), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor known to inhibit Th1 cytokine production, during allergen (OVA) sensitization and challenge would lead to attenuation of AHR in a murine model of allergic pulmonary inflammation.	Pentoxifylline	55-58	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	108-111
11466394-5	2001	Attenuation of AHR with PTX treatment was found in the presence of elevated bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of the Th2 cytokine IL-13 and decreased levels of the Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma.	Pentoxifylline	24-27	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	119-122
11466394-5	2001	Attenuation of AHR with PTX treatment was found in the presence of elevated bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of the Th2 cytokine IL-13 and decreased levels of the Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma.	Pentoxifylline	24-27	interleukin 13	Mus musculus	132-137
11466394-5	2001	Attenuation of AHR with PTX treatment was found in the presence of elevated bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of the Th2 cytokine IL-13 and decreased levels of the Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma.	Pentoxifylline	24-27	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	166-169
11466394-5	2001	Attenuation of AHR with PTX treatment was found in the presence of elevated bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of the Th2 cytokine IL-13 and decreased levels of the Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma.	Pentoxifylline	24-27	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	179-188
11502862-10	2001	In vivo treatment with PTX or ROL prevented iNOS protein expression in the islets of NOD mice with cyclophosphamide-accelerated disease.	Pentoxifylline	23-26	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	44-48
11447086-7	2001	In parallel, the proportion of interferon (IFN)-gamma-producing Th1 splenic lymphocytes was significantly reduced by PTX, and lesion size was correlated to the proportion of IFN-gamma(+) T cells.	Pentoxifylline	117-120	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	31-53
11447086-8	2001	In vitro addition of PTX to cultured spleen cells did not modify the production of IFN-gamma but increased the production of IL-10 by T cells, indicating that PTX does not suppress IFN-gamma production but rather blocks Th1 polarization while promoting Th2 polarization.	Pentoxifylline	21-24	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	125-130
11447086-8	2001	In vitro addition of PTX to cultured spleen cells did not modify the production of IFN-gamma but increased the production of IL-10 by T cells, indicating that PTX does not suppress IFN-gamma production but rather blocks Th1 polarization while promoting Th2 polarization.	Pentoxifylline	159-162	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	125-130
11454657-4	2001	Phosphodiesterase inhibitors such as theophylline, pentoxyfylline, vinpocetine, dipyridamole and zaprinast, which increased the guanosine-3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP) level, and dibutyryl cyclic GMP attenuated the H(2)O(2)-induced injury in astrocytes.	Pentoxifylline	51-65	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	173-176
11454657-4	2001	Phosphodiesterase inhibitors such as theophylline, pentoxyfylline, vinpocetine, dipyridamole and zaprinast, which increased the guanosine-3",5"-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP) level, and dibutyryl cyclic GMP attenuated the H(2)O(2)-induced injury in astrocytes.	Pentoxifylline	51-65	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	206-209
11451976-2	2001	Pentoxifylline is also a potent inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion, both in vitro and in vivo, and has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of certain animal and human inflammatory diseases.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	45-72
11451976-2	2001	Pentoxifylline is also a potent inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion, both in vitro and in vivo, and has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of certain animal and human inflammatory diseases.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	74-83
11451976-3	2001	Pentoxifylline has a potential therapeutic role in the treatment of aseptic loosening of total joint replacement components because it inhibits TNF-alpha secretion by particle-stimulated human peripheral blood monocytes.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	144-153
11451976-4	2001	The purpose of our study was to determine whether the particle-stimulated secretion of TNF-alpha by peripheral blood monocytes was inhibited in volunteers who had received pentoxifylline orally.	Pentoxifylline	172-186	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	87-96
11451976-8	2001	RESULTS: The peripheral blood monocytes from all eight volunteers showed a significant reduction in TNF-alpha release following oral treatment with pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	148-162	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	100-109
11432172-4	2001	in Group I anastomosis bursting pressure (ABP) was by 56 +/- 17% higher at day 2 than in controls with no pentoxifylline treatment.	Pentoxifylline	106-120	glutamate receptor interacting protein 2	Rattus norvegicus	3-46
11448584-1	2001	Pentoxifylline interrupts early gene activation for tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6 production and improves survival from experimental sepsis.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	94-107
12035527-1	2001	The pentoxifylline influence on neutral proteinase, alpha-2-macroglobulin, trypsin-alpha-1-proteinase inhibitor and elastaseinhibitory activity under cycloheximide injection has been investigated.	Pentoxifylline	4-18	serpin family A member 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-111
12035527-5	2001	At using pentoxifylline the alpha-2-macroglobulin activity doesn"t change in liver and increases in serum in comparison with only cycloheximide and there are no observed any alpha-1 inhibitor proteinase activity changes in rats serum and organs.	Pentoxifylline	9-23	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Rattus norvegicus	28-49
11373343-6	2001	Intraperitoneal administration of pentoxifylline before LPS inhibited TNF-alpha synthesis and prevented glomerular thrombosis in rats given LPS + L-NAME.	Pentoxifylline	34-48	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	70-79
11383794-8	2001	Increase in CRP and PMN-elastase was significantly higher in the untreated control than in the PTX patients.	Pentoxifylline	95-98	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	12-15
11425374-2	2001	Pentoxifylline suppresses or reduces the production of TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	55-64
11425374-3	2001	Between April, 1999 and August, 2000, we did a single-centre, prospective, pilot study to assess the effects of pentoxifylline (1200 mg/day) on proteinuria in patients with idiopathic MGN.	Pentoxifylline	112-126	helt bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	184-187
11425374-6	2001	Pentoxifylline may be a safe and effective adjunct to steroids and immunosuppressants in patients with MGN.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	helt bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	103-106
11383794-8	2001	Increase in CRP and PMN-elastase was significantly higher in the untreated control than in the PTX patients.	Pentoxifylline	95-98	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	20-32
11350679-0	2001	[Effect of pentoxifylline on promoter activity of human alpha 1(I) procollagen gene].	Pentoxifylline	11-25	collagen type I alpha 1 chain	Homo sapiens	56-78
11301047-5	2001	During 72 hr of incubation with or without LPS, the ability of PTX to influence the secretion of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), acute phase proteins, and nitric oxide (NO) was assessed.	Pentoxifylline	63-66	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	127-136
11301047-5	2001	During 72 hr of incubation with or without LPS, the ability of PTX to influence the secretion of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), acute phase proteins, and nitric oxide (NO) was assessed.	Pentoxifylline	63-66	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	139-152
11301047-5	2001	During 72 hr of incubation with or without LPS, the ability of PTX to influence the secretion of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6), acute phase proteins, and nitric oxide (NO) was assessed.	Pentoxifylline	63-66	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	154-158
11301047-6	2001	PTX completely inhibited LPS-induced TNF-alpha production and attenuated IL-6 only after 48 hr of incubation.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	37-46
11301047-6	2001	PTX completely inhibited LPS-induced TNF-alpha production and attenuated IL-6 only after 48 hr of incubation.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	73-77
11301047-7	2001	In contrast, PTX potentiated NO production and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in hepatocytes after stimulation with LPS.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	65-96
11301047-7	2001	In contrast, PTX potentiated NO production and the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in hepatocytes after stimulation with LPS.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	98-102
11301047-10	2001	The present results show that PTX differentially affects the endotoxin-induced inflammatory response in primary porcine liver cell cultures by suppressing TNF-alpha and IL-6 while potentiating NO production.	Pentoxifylline	30-33	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	155-164
11301047-10	2001	The present results show that PTX differentially affects the endotoxin-induced inflammatory response in primary porcine liver cell cultures by suppressing TNF-alpha and IL-6 while potentiating NO production.	Pentoxifylline	30-33	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	169-173
11422205-4	2001	The inhibitory effect of PTX was specific for IL-18, since LPS-induced IL-12 p40 release was not suppressed either in splenocyte cultures or blood of LPS-injected animals.	Pentoxifylline	25-28	interleukin 18	Mus musculus	46-51
11422205-4	2001	The inhibitory effect of PTX was specific for IL-18, since LPS-induced IL-12 p40 release was not suppressed either in splenocyte cultures or blood of LPS-injected animals.	Pentoxifylline	25-28	interleukin 12b	Mus musculus	71-80
11422205-5	2001	Synergistic induction of IFN-gamma by combined IL-12/IL-18 treatment was also inhibited by PTX in vitro and in vivo.	Pentoxifylline	91-94	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	25-34
11422205-5	2001	Synergistic induction of IFN-gamma by combined IL-12/IL-18 treatment was also inhibited by PTX in vitro and in vivo.	Pentoxifylline	91-94	interleukin 18	Mus musculus	53-58
11422205-6	2001	Experiments with IL-12 pretreatment of splenocytes, followed by IL-18 stimulation, revealed that PTX suppressed both IL-12 and IL-18 signals responsible for IFN-gamma induction.	Pentoxifylline	97-100	interleukin 18	Mus musculus	64-69
11422205-6	2001	Experiments with IL-12 pretreatment of splenocytes, followed by IL-18 stimulation, revealed that PTX suppressed both IL-12 and IL-18 signals responsible for IFN-gamma induction.	Pentoxifylline	97-100	interleukin 18	Mus musculus	127-132
11422205-6	2001	Experiments with IL-12 pretreatment of splenocytes, followed by IL-18 stimulation, revealed that PTX suppressed both IL-12 and IL-18 signals responsible for IFN-gamma induction.	Pentoxifylline	97-100	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	157-166
11422205-7	2001	These results suggest that interference with IL-18 synthesis and IFN-gamma-inducing activity might contribute to anti-inflammatory actions of PTX.	Pentoxifylline	142-145	interleukin 18	Mus musculus	45-50
11422205-7	2001	These results suggest that interference with IL-18 synthesis and IFN-gamma-inducing activity might contribute to anti-inflammatory actions of PTX.	Pentoxifylline	142-145	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	65-74
11317107-1	2001	STUDY DESIGN: An experimental study to clarify the effects of pentoxifylline, as an anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha therapy on endoneurial fluid pressure in the dorsal root ganglion using an animal model of herniated nucleus pulposus.	Pentoxifylline	62-76	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	89-116
11317107-17	2001	CONCLUSION: Pentoxifylline, an anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha drug, prevented the dorsal root ganglion compartment syndrome caused by topical application of nucleus pulposus.	Pentoxifylline	12-26	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	36-63
11350859-4	2001	This LPS-induced dye leakage was suppressed by phosphodiesterase inhibitors, including pentoxifylline (160 mg kg-1), milrinone (5 - 10 mg kg-1), rolipram (0.5 - 10 mg kg-1) and zaprinast (5 - 10 mg kg-1).	Pentoxifylline	87-101	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	5-8
11350859-7	2001	This increase in serum TNF-alpha was completely blocked by a pretreatment with pentoxifylline (160 mg kg-1), milrinone (5 mg kg-1), rolipram (1 mg kg-1), zaprinast (10 mg kg-1), salbutamol (0.5 mg kg-1), forskolin (1 mg kg-1) and 8-Br-cAMP (10 mg kg-1).	Pentoxifylline	79-93	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	23-32
11422205-0	2001	Pentoxifylline inhibits the synthesis and IFN-gamma-inducing activity of IL-18.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	42-51
11422205-0	2001	Pentoxifylline inhibits the synthesis and IFN-gamma-inducing activity of IL-18.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 18	Mus musculus	73-78
11422205-1	2001	The effect of phosphodiesterase-inhibiting anti-inflammatory drug pentoxifylline (PTX) on LPS-induced IL-18 synthesis and IL-18-mediated IFN-gamma-induction were investigated.	Pentoxifylline	66-80	interleukin 18	Mus musculus	102-107
11422205-1	2001	The effect of phosphodiesterase-inhibiting anti-inflammatory drug pentoxifylline (PTX) on LPS-induced IL-18 synthesis and IL-18-mediated IFN-gamma-induction were investigated.	Pentoxifylline	82-85	interleukin 18	Mus musculus	102-107
11422205-2	2001	In a dose-dependent manner PTX inhibited production of IL-18 in LPS-treated cultures of murine spleen cells and bone marrow-derived macrophages.	Pentoxifylline	27-30	interleukin 18	Mus musculus	55-60
11422205-3	2001	Similarly, PTX treatment significantly reduced blood IL-18 levels and expression of spleen IL-18 mRNA in LPS-challenged mice.	Pentoxifylline	11-14	interleukin 18	Mus musculus	53-58
11422205-3	2001	Similarly, PTX treatment significantly reduced blood IL-18 levels and expression of spleen IL-18 mRNA in LPS-challenged mice.	Pentoxifylline	11-14	interleukin 18	Mus musculus	91-96
11337548-9	2001	Both PTX and CAF dose dependently enhanced the cytotoxicity of 186Re-MAG3-A7: ERs of 0.5 mmol/L PTX, 2 mmol/L PTX, 1 mmol/L CAF, and 5 mmol/L CAF were 1.50, 2.18, 1.54, and 2.63, respectively.	Pentoxifylline	5-8	paired like homeodomain 2	Homo sapiens	96-102
11337548-9	2001	Both PTX and CAF dose dependently enhanced the cytotoxicity of 186Re-MAG3-A7: ERs of 0.5 mmol/L PTX, 2 mmol/L PTX, 1 mmol/L CAF, and 5 mmol/L CAF were 1.50, 2.18, 1.54, and 2.63, respectively.	Pentoxifylline	5-8	paired like homeodomain 1	Homo sapiens	110-116
11350679-9	2001	PTX can inhibit the promoter activity induced by IGF-1 and insulin.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	49-54
11350679-9	2001	PTX can inhibit the promoter activity induced by IGF-1 and insulin.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	insulin	Homo sapiens	59-66
11350679-1	2001	OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on promoter activity of human alpha 1(I) procollagen (COL1A1) gene and the influence of PTX on the promoter activity induced by insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin.	Pentoxifylline	34-48	collagen type I alpha 1 chain	Homo sapiens	85-107
11350679-1	2001	OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on promoter activity of human alpha 1(I) procollagen (COL1A1) gene and the influence of PTX on the promoter activity induced by insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin.	Pentoxifylline	34-48	collagen type I alpha 1 chain	Homo sapiens	109-115
11350679-1	2001	OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on promoter activity of human alpha 1(I) procollagen (COL1A1) gene and the influence of PTX on the promoter activity induced by insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin.	Pentoxifylline	50-53	collagen type I alpha 1 chain	Homo sapiens	85-107
11350679-1	2001	OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on promoter activity of human alpha 1(I) procollagen (COL1A1) gene and the influence of PTX on the promoter activity induced by insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin.	Pentoxifylline	50-53	collagen type I alpha 1 chain	Homo sapiens	109-115
11350679-1	2001	OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on promoter activity of human alpha 1(I) procollagen (COL1A1) gene and the influence of PTX on the promoter activity induced by insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin.	Pentoxifylline	143-146	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	183-211
11350679-1	2001	OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on promoter activity of human alpha 1(I) procollagen (COL1A1) gene and the influence of PTX on the promoter activity induced by insulin-like growth factor 1 and insulin.	Pentoxifylline	143-146	insulin	Homo sapiens	183-190
11350679-7	2001	PTX could inhibit the CAT activity of pCOLH2.5 induced by IGF-1 and insulin.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	insulin like growth factor 1	Homo sapiens	58-63
11350679-7	2001	PTX could inhibit the CAT activity of pCOLH2.5 induced by IGF-1 and insulin.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	insulin	Homo sapiens	68-75
11350679-8	2001	CONCLUSIONS: These studies indicate that PTX downregulates the promoter activity of the human COL1A1 gene, while IGF-1 and insulin upregulates it.	Pentoxifylline	41-44	collagen type I alpha 1 chain	Homo sapiens	94-100
11248659-0	2001	Enhancement of bone morphogenetic protein-2-induced new bone formation in mice by the phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	114-128	bone morphogenetic protein 2	Mus musculus	15-43
11248659-8	2001	These experimental results indicate that PTX enhanced the bone-inducing capacity of BMP-2.	Pentoxifylline	41-44	bone morphogenetic protein 2	Mus musculus	84-89
11311574-4	2001	Concomitant treatment with PWM and pentoxifylline, a TNFalpha synthesis inhibitor, to RAW 264.7 cells decreased the suppressive effects of PWM on TCDD-induced EROD activity.	Pentoxifylline	35-49	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	53-61
24387024-0	2001	Pentoxifylline induces the shedding of L-selectin on polymorphonuclear cells by stimulation via adenosine receptor as well as by the inhibition of phosphodiesterase.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	selectin L	Homo sapiens	39-49
24387024-1	2001	Abstract We investigated the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the expression of L-selectin on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN).	Pentoxifylline	40-54	selectin L	Homo sapiens	82-92
24387024-1	2001	Abstract We investigated the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the expression of L-selectin on polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN).	Pentoxifylline	56-59	selectin L	Homo sapiens	82-92
24387024-2	2001	PTX induced the down-regulation of L-selectin expression in dose- and time-dependent manner.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	selectin L	Homo sapiens	35-45
24387024-3	2001	The measurement of soluble L-selectin in the culture medium by ELISA indicated that the down-regulation of L-selectin expression by PTX was due to the shedding of L-selectin from PMN.	Pentoxifylline	132-135	selectin L	Homo sapiens	27-37
24387024-3	2001	The measurement of soluble L-selectin in the culture medium by ELISA indicated that the down-regulation of L-selectin expression by PTX was due to the shedding of L-selectin from PMN.	Pentoxifylline	132-135	selectin L	Homo sapiens	107-117
24387024-3	2001	The measurement of soluble L-selectin in the culture medium by ELISA indicated that the down-regulation of L-selectin expression by PTX was due to the shedding of L-selectin from PMN.	Pentoxifylline	132-135	selectin L	Homo sapiens	107-117
24387024-4	2001	The mechanism by which PTX induced the shedding of L-selectin was investigated.	Pentoxifylline	23-26	selectin L	Homo sapiens	51-61
24387024-8	2001	Moreover, shedding of L-selectin induced by PTX was attenuated by aminophylline, an adenosine receptor antagonist.	Pentoxifylline	44-47	selectin L	Homo sapiens	22-32
24387024-9	2001	These results indicated that PTX induces the shedding of L-selectin on PMN by stimulation via the adenosine receptor as well as inhibition of PDE.	Pentoxifylline	29-32	selectin L	Homo sapiens	57-67
11161985-5	2001	ROL and PTX suppressed NO production of LPS/IFN gamma-stimulated macrophages.	Pentoxifylline	8-11	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	40-43
11222470-1	2001	BACKGROUND: We previously reported beneficial effects of pentoxifylline, a xanthine-derived agent known to inhibit the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy treated with diuretics, digoxin, and ACE inhibitors.	Pentoxifylline	57-71	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	133-160
11222470-1	2001	BACKGROUND: We previously reported beneficial effects of pentoxifylline, a xanthine-derived agent known to inhibit the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy treated with diuretics, digoxin, and ACE inhibitors.	Pentoxifylline	57-71	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	250-253
11222470-10	2001	CONCLUSIONS: In patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, the addition of pentoxifylline to treatment with digoxin, ACE inhibitors, and carvedilol is associated with a significant improvement in symptoms and left ventricular function.	Pentoxifylline	81-95	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	123-126
11161985-5	2001	ROL and PTX suppressed NO production of LPS/IFN gamma-stimulated macrophages.	Pentoxifylline	8-11	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	44-53
11260331-3	2001	To determine whether continued TNF-alpha production was harmful during this phase mice were treated with a TNF-alpha inhibitor, pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	128-142	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	107-116
11167873-8	2001	alpha 2-macroglobulin levels were reduced in animals pretreated with cTN3 (421 (279-915) micromol/ml) or pentoxifylline (567 (253-1454) micromol/ml) compared with levels in untreated colitic animals (1552 (1406-1998) micromol/ml) (P &lt; 0.001 and P = 0.006, respectively).	Pentoxifylline	105-119	alpha-2-macroglobulin	Rattus norvegicus	0-21
11836847-10	2001	PTX-treated animals expressed higher number of SP-D positive cells during the whole experiment than the control group.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	surfactant protein D	Rattus norvegicus	47-51
11221996-5	2001	Ex vivo analysis of the islets of Langerhans performed in early disease development revealed that PTX downregulates production of proinflammatory cytokines IFN-gamma and TNF, as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and NO production.	Pentoxifylline	98-101	interferon gamma	Rattus norvegicus	156-165
11221996-5	2001	Ex vivo analysis of the islets of Langerhans performed in early disease development revealed that PTX downregulates production of proinflammatory cytokines IFN-gamma and TNF, as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and NO production.	Pentoxifylline	98-101	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	186-217
11221996-5	2001	Ex vivo analysis of the islets of Langerhans performed in early disease development revealed that PTX downregulates production of proinflammatory cytokines IFN-gamma and TNF, as well as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and NO production.	Pentoxifylline	98-101	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	219-223
11221996-8	2001	In contrast to suppressed intraislet production, high peripheral expression of both iNOS mRNA and NO was found in MLD-SZ rats treated with PTX.	Pentoxifylline	139-142	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	84-88
11168012-11	2001	Only pentoxifylline suppressed ATX mRNA as well as PC-1 mRNA expression.	Pentoxifylline	5-19	ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 2	Homo sapiens	31-34
11167702-8	2001	IL-4 mRNA, first detected after 7 days of PTX treatment, was still present during RR.	Pentoxifylline	42-45	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	0-4
11124822-8	2001	To determine if TNF-alpha plays a causal role in the development of liver injury, the increase in TNF-alpha was attenuated by administration of either pentoxifylline or anti-TNF-alpha serum, and liver injury was assessed.	Pentoxifylline	151-165	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	98-107
11244228-2	2001	Pentoxifylline inhibits TNF-alpha production.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	24-33
11124822-8	2001	To determine if TNF-alpha plays a causal role in the development of liver injury, the increase in TNF-alpha was attenuated by administration of either pentoxifylline or anti-TNF-alpha serum, and liver injury was assessed.	Pentoxifylline	151-165	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	98-107
11217144-6	2001	Other groups of DNBS-treated rats received therapeutic treatment of cyclosporin A or pentoxifylline, a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha inhibitor.	Pentoxifylline	85-99	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	103-136
11243506-0	2001	Suppression of experimental systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in mice via TNF inhibition by an anti-TNFalpha monoclonal antibody and by pentoxiphylline.	Pentoxifylline	137-152	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	75-78
11787983-4	2001	Red cell and plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities (16.6 +/- 3.4 U/g Hb and 93.7 +/- 32.9 U/l plasma) were lower by 12 and 53% (P &lt; 0.05 and &lt; 0.0001, respectively) in patients than in healthy subjects.	Pentoxifylline	48-50	glutathione peroxidase 3	Homo sapiens	13-42
11243506-11	2001	Abrogation of TNFalpha and IL-1 production in the early stages of experimental SLE by an anti-TNFalpha mAb or by PTX improves the clinical status of mice afflicted with this autoimmune disease.	Pentoxifylline	113-116	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	14-22
11243506-11	2001	Abrogation of TNFalpha and IL-1 production in the early stages of experimental SLE by an anti-TNFalpha mAb or by PTX improves the clinical status of mice afflicted with this autoimmune disease.	Pentoxifylline	113-116	interleukin 1 complex	Mus musculus	27-31
11007619-10	2000	Pentoxifylline potentiated IL-6 and IL-1 production in monocytes exposed to titanium particles and had a biphasic effect on the PGE(2) production.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	36-40
11521741-0	2001	Changes of gastric lipase activity after ethanol and indomethacin administration: influence of pretreatment with allopurinol, pentoxifylline and L-DOPA.	Pentoxifylline	126-140	lipase F, gastric type	Rattus norvegicus	11-25
11118634-5	2000	Subtoxic concentrations (&lt;TD50)added after irradiation at maximum expression of the G2/M block show that pentoxifylline and A802710 effectively abrogate the G2/M block, whereas A802715 and propentofylline prolong the G2/M block or remain ineffective depending on the p53 status of the cell line.	Pentoxifylline	108-122	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	270-273
11007619-9	2000	Pentoxifylline had an inhibitor effect on TNF-alpha production in titanium-stimulated monocytes.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	42-51
11007619-13	2000	The pharmacologic agents (ciprofloxacin, pentoxifylline, and indomethacin) that can modulate the release of bone resorbing mediators such as PGE(2), TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IL-6 release from human monocytes.	Pentoxifylline	41-55	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	149-158
11007619-10	2000	Pentoxifylline potentiated IL-6 and IL-1 production in monocytes exposed to titanium particles and had a biphasic effect on the PGE(2) production.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	27-31
11007619-13	2000	The pharmacologic agents (ciprofloxacin, pentoxifylline, and indomethacin) that can modulate the release of bone resorbing mediators such as PGE(2), TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IL-6 release from human monocytes.	Pentoxifylline	41-55	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	160-164
11007619-13	2000	The pharmacologic agents (ciprofloxacin, pentoxifylline, and indomethacin) that can modulate the release of bone resorbing mediators such as PGE(2), TNF-alpha, IL-1, and IL-6 release from human monocytes.	Pentoxifylline	41-55	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	170-174
11113085-1	2000	BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: An earlier pilot study from our liver unit suggested benefit from treatment with pentoxifylline (PTX), an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), in severe acute alcoholic hepatitis.	Pentoxifylline	120-123	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	142-163
11080076-0	2000	Inhibition of TNF-alpha production contributes to the attenuation of LPS-induced hypophagia by pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	95-109	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	14-23
11080076-4	2000	Concurrently, PTX pretreatment suppressed low-dose LPS-induced TNF-alpha production by more than 95% and IL-1beta production 39%, as measured by ELISA.	Pentoxifylline	14-17	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	63-72
11080076-4	2000	Concurrently, PTX pretreatment suppressed low-dose LPS-induced TNF-alpha production by more than 95% and IL-1beta production 39%, as measured by ELISA.	Pentoxifylline	14-17	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	105-113
11080076-7	2000	In addition, PTX pretreatment attenuated the hypophagic effect of intraperitoneally injected MDP (2 mg/kg body wt) but had no effect on the anorectic response to intraperitoneally injected recombinant human TNF-alpha (150 ug/kg body wt).	Pentoxifylline	13-16	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	207-216
11113085-1	2000	BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: An earlier pilot study from our liver unit suggested benefit from treatment with pentoxifylline (PTX), an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), in severe acute alcoholic hepatitis.	Pentoxifylline	104-118	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	142-163
11113085-1	2000	BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: An earlier pilot study from our liver unit suggested benefit from treatment with pentoxifylline (PTX), an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), in severe acute alcoholic hepatitis.	Pentoxifylline	104-118	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	165-168
11113085-1	2000	BACKGROUND &amp; AIMS: An earlier pilot study from our liver unit suggested benefit from treatment with pentoxifylline (PTX), an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), in severe acute alcoholic hepatitis.	Pentoxifylline	120-123	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	165-168
11121122-7	2000	An inhibitory effect on interleukin-10 mRNA was likewise seen after thalidomide and pentoxifylline, but not subsequent to prednisone treatment.	Pentoxifylline	84-98	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	24-38
10996387-3	2000	In this study we used a TNF-alpha inhibitor, pentoxiphylline, to treat patients with HIV infection who were free of opportunistic infections and see if NO production was altered with this drug.	Pentoxifylline	45-60	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	24-33
11526689-2	2000	Previously the Authors had shown that healthy subjects affected by SD showed at blood level an imbalance in the ratio of PL-PUFA (fundamental components of cell walls) to the antioxidants Vitamin E (Vit E) and gluthathion peroxidase (GSH-Px); furthermore the Authors reported SD as being constantly present in AIDS patients, in which they found more severe biochemical changes.	Pentoxifylline	238-240	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	124-128
11084285-4	2000	Release of IL-8 was down-regulated by transforming growth factor beta2 (TGF-beta2), by the protein tyrosine-kinase inhibitor genistein, and via rises in intracellular cyclic AMP, generated by prostaglandin E(2), rolipram, pentoxifylline, forskolin, or dibutyryl-cyclic AMP.	Pentoxifylline	222-236	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	11-15
11127852-0	2000	Pentoxifylline prevents upregulation of monocyte tissue factor in renal transplant recipients undergoing post-graft complications.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	49-62
11127852-6	2000	In patients with complications, PTX prevented the increase of TF expression at month one, and after rejection episodes.	Pentoxifylline	32-35	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	62-64
10996387-13	2000	We conclude that the use of pentoxiphylline is associated with decrease in TNF-alpha levels and NO production.	Pentoxifylline	28-43	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	75-84
11827727-0	2000	Pentoxifylline potentiates nitric oxide production in interleukin-1beta-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells through cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A pathway.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	54-71
10995419-0	2000	Reduction in Fas/APO-1 plasma concentrations correlates with improvement in left ventricular function in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy treated with pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	166-180	Fas cell surface death receptor	Homo sapiens	17-22
11827727-1	2000	In the present study, we observed that pentoxifylline (PTX) significantly augmented the nitric oxide (NO) production and the iNOS gene expression by interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).	Pentoxifylline	39-53	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	125-129
11827727-1	2000	In the present study, we observed that pentoxifylline (PTX) significantly augmented the nitric oxide (NO) production and the iNOS gene expression by interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).	Pentoxifylline	39-53	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	149-166
11827727-1	2000	In the present study, we observed that pentoxifylline (PTX) significantly augmented the nitric oxide (NO) production and the iNOS gene expression by interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).	Pentoxifylline	39-53	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	168-176
11827727-1	2000	In the present study, we observed that pentoxifylline (PTX) significantly augmented the nitric oxide (NO) production and the iNOS gene expression by interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).	Pentoxifylline	55-58	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	125-129
11827727-1	2000	In the present study, we observed that pentoxifylline (PTX) significantly augmented the nitric oxide (NO) production and the iNOS gene expression by interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).	Pentoxifylline	55-58	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	149-166
11827727-1	2000	In the present study, we observed that pentoxifylline (PTX) significantly augmented the nitric oxide (NO) production and the iNOS gene expression by interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-stimulated vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).	Pentoxifylline	55-58	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	168-176
11827727-2	2000	The enhancing effects of PTX on the IL-1beta-induced NO production was associated with an increased intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels, and the synergistic effects of PTX on the IL-1beta-induced NO production was blocked by cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors.	Pentoxifylline	25-28	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	36-44
11827727-2	2000	The enhancing effects of PTX on the IL-1beta-induced NO production was associated with an increased intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels, and the synergistic effects of PTX on the IL-1beta-induced NO production was blocked by cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors.	Pentoxifylline	171-174	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	182-190
11827727-4	2000	In addition, the pretreatment with KT5720 or H89 abolished the increased translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB into the nucleus by PTX in the IL-1beta-stimulated VSMCs.	Pentoxifylline	139-142	RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	94-118
11827727-4	2000	In addition, the pretreatment with KT5720 or H89 abolished the increased translocation of the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB into the nucleus by PTX in the IL-1beta-stimulated VSMCs.	Pentoxifylline	139-142	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	150-158
11827727-5	2000	These results suggest that enhancing effects of PTX on the iNOS gene expression in the IL-1beta-stimulated VSMCs is mediated predominantly through the activation of NF-kappaB via cAMP-dependent PKA pathway.	Pentoxifylline	48-51	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	59-63
11827727-5	2000	These results suggest that enhancing effects of PTX on the iNOS gene expression in the IL-1beta-stimulated VSMCs is mediated predominantly through the activation of NF-kappaB via cAMP-dependent PKA pathway.	Pentoxifylline	48-51	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	87-95
11827727-5	2000	These results suggest that enhancing effects of PTX on the iNOS gene expression in the IL-1beta-stimulated VSMCs is mediated predominantly through the activation of NF-kappaB via cAMP-dependent PKA pathway.	Pentoxifylline	48-51	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	165-174
11006315-5	2000	Pentoxifylline may thus be useful as an alternative means for intracellular cAMP elevation in men with high circulating FSH concentrations leading to desensitization of the FSH receptor.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	follicle stimulating hormone receptor	Homo sapiens	173-185
11008158-1	2000	BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effectiveness of a bolus application of pentoxifylline (PTXF) at the beginning of CPR in a standardized resuscitation animal model.	Pentoxifylline	68-82	cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase	Rattus norvegicus	110-113
11008158-1	2000	BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effectiveness of a bolus application of pentoxifylline (PTXF) at the beginning of CPR in a standardized resuscitation animal model.	Pentoxifylline	84-88	cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase	Rattus norvegicus	110-113
11008158-11	2000	CONCLUSIONS: Administration of PTXF at the beginning of CPR improved macrocirculation, acid-base status and arterial oxygenation.	Pentoxifylline	31-35	cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase	Rattus norvegicus	56-59
10996031-0	2000	Differential effects of pentoxifylline, a non-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor, on the production of IL-10, IL-12 p40 and p35 subunits by murine peritoneal macrophages.	Pentoxifylline	24-38	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	105-110
11050700-1	2000	In the present study the hematological effects of a sustained release chitosan formulation of pentoxifylline (CAS 6493-05-6) were examined and compared with those of a commercial product.	Pentoxifylline	94-108	BCAR1 scaffold protein, Cas family member	Homo sapiens	110-113
11007820-13	2000	Northern blot hybridizations determined that FGF-2 mRNA levels in fibroblasts were decreased up to 73.7 and 91.5% by PTX (1000 microg/ml) and PTF (100 microg/ml), whereas IFN-gamma led to a reduction of 46.2% at 1000 U/ml, indicating that the inhibitory effects of all three substances may be mediated through inhibition of FGF-2 synthesis.	Pentoxifylline	117-120	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	45-50
10899159-6	2000	Screening of a keratinocyte lambdagt11 cDNA library with this antibody identified clones carrying cDNA inserts encoding a novel molecule exhibiting approximately 40% similarity with annexin-2, named pemphaxin (PX).	Pentoxifylline	210-212	annexin A2	Mus musculus	182-191
11007239-3	2000	The hepatobiliary injury results from peptidoglycan-polysaccharide-mediated activation of Kupffer cells, release of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), and is prevented by pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	189-203	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	157-166
10996031-0	2000	Differential effects of pentoxifylline, a non-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor, on the production of IL-10, IL-12 p40 and p35 subunits by murine peritoneal macrophages.	Pentoxifylline	24-38	interleukin 12b	Mus musculus	112-121
10996031-0	2000	Differential effects of pentoxifylline, a non-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor, on the production of IL-10, IL-12 p40 and p35 subunits by murine peritoneal macrophages.	Pentoxifylline	24-38	interleukin 12a	Mus musculus	126-129
10996031-1	2000	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivative, has been reported to be an effective drug in inhibiting TNF-alpha responses during septic shock.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	107-116
10996031-1	2000	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivative, has been reported to be an effective drug in inhibiting TNF-alpha responses during septic shock.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	107-116
10993631-2	2000	MATERIALS AND METHODS: The influence of pentoxifylline on radiotoxicity was assessed by colony assay in TP53 wild-type Bell and mutant MeWo melanoma, and in TP53 wild-type 4197 and mutant 4451 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell lines.	Pentoxifylline	40-54	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	104-108
10993631-6	2000	RESULTS: Pentoxifylline, when combined with irradiation, significantly increased radiotoxicity in the TP53 mutant MeWo and 4451 cell lines by radiotoxicity enhancement factors of 3 and 14.5 respectively.	Pentoxifylline	9-23	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	102-106
10996031-3	2000	PTX also affects the production of other cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and IFN-gamma.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	interleukin 1 complex	Mus musculus	59-63
10996031-3	2000	PTX also affects the production of other cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and IFN-gamma.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	65-69
10996031-3	2000	PTX also affects the production of other cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and IFN-gamma.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	71-76
10996031-3	2000	PTX also affects the production of other cytokines such as IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, and IFN-gamma.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	89-98
10996031-8	2000	In this study, we investigated the effects of PTX on the production of both proinflammatory (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-12) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines by murine macrophages (M&amp;phi;).	Pentoxifylline	46-49	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	93-102
10996031-8	2000	In this study, we investigated the effects of PTX on the production of both proinflammatory (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-12) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines by murine macrophages (M&amp;phi;).	Pentoxifylline	46-49	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	140-145
10996031-9	2000	We have found that PTX, at concentrations below 100 microg/ml, selectively inhibited the production of TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	19-22	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	103-112
10996031-11	2000	However, at higher concentrations, PTX inhibited the production of TNF-alpha, IL-10, and IL-12 p35, but surprisingly, PTX enhanced the production of IL-12 p40.	Pentoxifylline	35-38	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	67-76
10996031-11	2000	However, at higher concentrations, PTX inhibited the production of TNF-alpha, IL-10, and IL-12 p35, but surprisingly, PTX enhanced the production of IL-12 p40.	Pentoxifylline	35-38	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	78-83
10996031-11	2000	However, at higher concentrations, PTX inhibited the production of TNF-alpha, IL-10, and IL-12 p35, but surprisingly, PTX enhanced the production of IL-12 p40.	Pentoxifylline	35-38	interleukin 12a	Mus musculus	89-98
10996031-11	2000	However, at higher concentrations, PTX inhibited the production of TNF-alpha, IL-10, and IL-12 p35, but surprisingly, PTX enhanced the production of IL-12 p40.	Pentoxifylline	118-121	interleukin 12b	Mus musculus	149-158
10996031-13	2000	These results further confirm the relevance of the use of PTX in clinical trials of immunological disorders characterised by inappropriate Th1 type immune responses.	Pentoxifylline	58-61	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	139-142
12205987-10	2000	Pentoxifylline, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, inhibited thrombin-induced TF activity in BAECs.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Bos taurus	57-65
12205987-10	2000	Pentoxifylline, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, inhibited thrombin-induced TF activity in BAECs.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	LOC101909187	Bos taurus	74-76
10937597-2	2000	This study examined the antiangiogenic potential of an existing drug, pentoxifylline (PTX), which inhibits PKC-dependent activation of NFkappaB and is reported to prevent hypoxia-induced expression of VEGF.	Pentoxifylline	70-84	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	201-205
10937597-2	2000	This study examined the antiangiogenic potential of an existing drug, pentoxifylline (PTX), which inhibits PKC-dependent activation of NFkappaB and is reported to prevent hypoxia-induced expression of VEGF.	Pentoxifylline	86-89	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	201-205
10937597-9	2000	CONCLUSIONS: Systemic PTX significantly inhibited VEGF-mediated retinal vasculogenesis, but was not effective in reducing neovascularization in the oxygen-exposed neonatal rat.	Pentoxifylline	22-25	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	50-54
10778916-11	2000	When serum cytokine levels were analysed on day 20 postadjuvant injection, rats treated with pentoxifylline or in association with nabumetone, but not nabumetone alone showed significantly lowered levels of serum TNFalpha.	Pentoxifylline	93-107	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	213-221
10782892-7	2000	Also, pentoxifylline increased resistance of the MOR cell lines to mafosfamide.	Pentoxifylline	6-20	opioid receptor mu 1	Homo sapiens	49-52
10762214-3	2000	To assess the mechanism underlying the beneficial effect recorded during this trial, we analyzed the impact of PTX on tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) production and expression of cell adhesion molecules.	Pentoxifylline	111-114	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	141-150
10762214-7	2000	RESULTS: Plasma TNF-alpha levels were significantly reduced in the PTX-treated group over the 6 months of administration, and specifically during isolated rejection episodes and during CMV infections.	Pentoxifylline	67-70	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	16-25
10762214-8	2000	Plasma levels of sTNFR-I, sTNFR-II, and sVCAM-1 did not differ between the two groups of patients, but a decrease in renal tubular VCAM-1 expression was observed in the PTX group.	Pentoxifylline	169-172	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	41-47
10722866-4	2000	Treatment with cAMP analogues or non-selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor pentoxifylline affected IFNgamma-induced NO synthesis in both cell types, but in the opposite manner-enhancing in L929 cells and suppressive in primary fibroblasts.	Pentoxifylline	81-95	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	105-113
10773720-1	2000	BACKGROUND/AIMS: Pentoxifylline has many anti-inflammatory properties including inhibition of production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha).	Pentoxifylline	17-31	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	108-135
10773720-1	2000	BACKGROUND/AIMS: Pentoxifylline has many anti-inflammatory properties including inhibition of production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha).	Pentoxifylline	17-31	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	137-146
10773720-9	2000	Pentoxifylline markedly decreased the concentration of TNF-alpha as well as the myeloperoxidase activity in ulcer tissue on days 2 and 4.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	55-64
10773720-9	2000	Pentoxifylline markedly decreased the concentration of TNF-alpha as well as the myeloperoxidase activity in ulcer tissue on days 2 and 4.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	80-95
10949726-3	2000	The addition of pentoxifylline to granulocyte cultures determined a significant decrease of myeloperoxidase levels in active patients only.	Pentoxifylline	16-30	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	92-107
10869469-6	2000	Treatment with LPS caused an increase in plasma TNF alpha concentration, which was prevented by administration of either pentoxifylline (PTX) (100 mg/kg iv) or anti-TNF alpha serum (1 ml/rat iv) one h prior to LPS.	Pentoxifylline	121-135	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	48-57
10869469-6	2000	Treatment with LPS caused an increase in plasma TNF alpha concentration, which was prevented by administration of either pentoxifylline (PTX) (100 mg/kg iv) or anti-TNF alpha serum (1 ml/rat iv) one h prior to LPS.	Pentoxifylline	137-140	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	48-57
10854237-6	2000	Treatment with rolipram, and to a lesser extent pentoxifylline, significantly reduced the severity of the colonic histopathology and MPO levels.	Pentoxifylline	48-62	myeloperoxidase	Mus musculus	133-136
10816353-0	2000	Mechanism of the beneficial effects of pentoxifylline during sepsis: maintenance of adrenomedullin responsiveness and downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines.	Pentoxifylline	39-53	adrenomedullin	Rattus norvegicus	84-98
10816353-8	2000	Administration of PTX early after the onset of sepsis, however, prevented the decrease in vascular ADM responsiveness at the macro- and microcirculatory levels.	Pentoxifylline	18-21	adrenomedullin	Rattus norvegicus	99-102
10816353-10	2000	The upregulated TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6 during late sepsis were, however, attenuated by PTX administration, suggesting that maintenance of ADM responsiveness by this agent appears to be due to downregulation of these cytokines.	Pentoxifylline	94-97	adrenomedullin	Rattus norvegicus	145-148
10816353-11	2000	CONCLUSIONS: Since early administration of PTX maintains vascular ADM responsiveness even during the late stage of sepsis, this agent appears to be a useful adjunct in preventing the deterioration in hemodynamics and cardiovascular function during the progression of polymicrobial sepsis.	Pentoxifylline	43-46	adrenomedullin	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
11832086-5	2000	RESULTS: Treatment with pentoxifylline significantly decreased plasma biopterin and TNF levels at 2 to 8 hours after endotoxin challenge (P &lt; 0.05, P &lt; 0.01), and inhibited GTP-CHI activities in the liver, lung, and myocardial tissues (P &lt; 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	24-38	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	84-87
10773043-4	2000	Cotreatment of animals with pentoxifylline significantly reduced cerulein-induced pancreatic inflammation and edema and attenuated the depletion of pancreatic glutathione and the increase in serum lipase activity, nitrate, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels.	Pentoxifylline	28-42	lipase G, endothelial type	Rattus norvegicus	197-203
10773043-4	2000	Cotreatment of animals with pentoxifylline significantly reduced cerulein-induced pancreatic inflammation and edema and attenuated the depletion of pancreatic glutathione and the increase in serum lipase activity, nitrate, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels.	Pentoxifylline	28-42	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	227-254
10741905-0	2000	Pentoxifylline inhibits ICAM-1 expression and chemokine production induced by proinflammatory cytokines in human pulmonary epithelial cells.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	24-30
10741905-6	2000	Pentoxifylline completely inhibited the surface expression of ICAM-1 and the production of IL-8 and MCP-1 by cytokine-activated epithelial cells.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	62-68
10741905-6	2000	Pentoxifylline completely inhibited the surface expression of ICAM-1 and the production of IL-8 and MCP-1 by cytokine-activated epithelial cells.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 15	Mus musculus	91-95
10741905-6	2000	Pentoxifylline completely inhibited the surface expression of ICAM-1 and the production of IL-8 and MCP-1 by cytokine-activated epithelial cells.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2	Mus musculus	100-105
10867211-3	2000	The in vitro and in vivo administration of the hemorheologic drug pentoxifylline (PTX) significantly reduced spontaneous and IL-2-modulated cytokine overproduction from NK cells (in vitro effects with 500 U/ml and 1000 U/ml/NK cells) and improved all the hemorheological parameters.	Pentoxifylline	82-85	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	125-129
10741643-0	2000	Influence of the G2 cell cycle block abrogator pentoxifylline on the expression and subcellular location of cyclin B1 and p34cdc2 in HeLa cervical carcinoma cells.	Pentoxifylline	47-61	cyclin B1	Homo sapiens	108-117
10741643-0	2000	Influence of the G2 cell cycle block abrogator pentoxifylline on the expression and subcellular location of cyclin B1 and p34cdc2 in HeLa cervical carcinoma cells.	Pentoxifylline	47-61	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	122-129
10741643-3	2000	A prior study demonstrated that the expression of the cyclin B1 protein is reduced by irradiation, and restored to control levels by the methylxanthine drug pentoxifylline, which is a potent G2 block abrogator.	Pentoxifylline	157-171	cyclin B1	Homo sapiens	54-63
10741643-4	2000	The present study shows that irradiation, and 2 mM pentoxifylline affect the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase p34cdc2 in HeLa cells.	Pentoxifylline	51-65	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	119-126
10741643-7	2000	This is also evident from the cyclin B1/p34cdc2 ratios which decline after irradiation and are rapidly restored to control levels upon addition of pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	147-161	cyclin B1	Homo sapiens	30-39
10741643-7	2000	This is also evident from the cyclin B1/p34cdc2 ratios which decline after irradiation and are rapidly restored to control levels upon addition of pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	147-161	cyclin dependent kinase 1	Homo sapiens	40-47
10741643-9	2000	Analysis of cyclin B1 expression in whole cells and in isolated nuclei furthermore show that cyclin B1 is translocated from the nucleus into the cytoplasm when the G2 block is abrogated by pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	189-203	cyclin B1	Homo sapiens	93-102
10707869-10	2000	PCNA protein determinations were in keeping with the 3[H]-Thymidine results CONCLUSIONS: Pre-operative pentoxifylline holds promise as a useful therapeutic intervention for patients with cirrhosis requiring hepatic resection.	Pentoxifylline	103-117	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens	0-4
11070406-9	2000	Inhibition of the production/release of TNF alpha by pentoxifylline prevented the increase in apoptosis and the enhancement of susceptibility to ulcerative damage by subchronic gastritis.	Pentoxifylline	53-67	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	40-49
10778916-0	2000	Effects of pentoxifylline and nabumetone on the serum levels of IL-1beta and TNFalpha in rats with adjuvant arthritis.	Pentoxifylline	11-25	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	64-72
10778916-0	2000	Effects of pentoxifylline and nabumetone on the serum levels of IL-1beta and TNFalpha in rats with adjuvant arthritis.	Pentoxifylline	11-25	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	77-85
10600354-0	1999	Effects of dextran and pentoxifylline on hemorrhagic shock-induced P-selectin expression.	Pentoxifylline	23-37	selectin P	Homo sapiens	67-77
10810248-9	2000	Circulating concentrations of TNF were about 5-8% of the values detected in the lavage of the air pouch (mean values: 1,366 pg/ml in response to LPS plus solvent; 377 pg/ml in response to LPS plus pentoxifylline; no circulating TNF at all in response to LPS plus TNF bp).	Pentoxifylline	197-211	tumor necrosis factor	Cavia porcellus	30-33
10765655-9	2000	At the end a possibility of immunotherapy of sepsis connected with the application of pentoxifylline (PTXF) as TNF-alpha inhibitor was recommended to take into consideration.	Pentoxifylline	86-100	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	111-120
10765655-9	2000	At the end a possibility of immunotherapy of sepsis connected with the application of pentoxifylline (PTXF) as TNF-alpha inhibitor was recommended to take into consideration.	Pentoxifylline	102-106	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	111-120
11059729-7	2000	The beneficial effects of pentoxifylline on anastomotic healing in rats with obstructive jaundice was attributed to its inhibitor effect on the endotoxin-induced TNF-alpha release from macrophages and monocytes, and the stabilizing effect on the neutrophils.	Pentoxifylline	26-40	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	162-171
10682381-8	2000	Inhibitors of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDEs), including rolipram and pentoxifylline suppress the LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in monocytes/macrophages.	Pentoxifylline	82-96	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	122-131
10567669-0	1999	Pentoxifylline inhibits anti-Fas antibody-induced hepatitis by affecting downstream of CPP32-like activity in mice.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	caspase 3	Mus musculus	87-92
10567669-3	1999	to mice elevated plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity at 3 h. This anti-Fas antibody-induced elevation of ALT was inhibited by treatment with pentoxifylline at the doses of 10 and 100 mg/kg (i.p.).	Pentoxifylline	152-166	glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble	Mus musculus	24-48
10567669-3	1999	to mice elevated plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity at 3 h. This anti-Fas antibody-induced elevation of ALT was inhibited by treatment with pentoxifylline at the doses of 10 and 100 mg/kg (i.p.).	Pentoxifylline	152-166	glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble	Mus musculus	50-53
10567669-3	1999	to mice elevated plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity at 3 h. This anti-Fas antibody-induced elevation of ALT was inhibited by treatment with pentoxifylline at the doses of 10 and 100 mg/kg (i.p.).	Pentoxifylline	152-166	glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble	Mus musculus	116-119
10567669-4	1999	Anti-Fas antibody administration also elevated the CPP32-like protease activity in the liver at 3 h. Although pentoxifylline at 100 mg/kg, i.p., inhibited the anti-Fas antibody-induced elevation of plasma ALT, this treatment did not significantly inhibit the anti-Fas antibody-induced elevation of CPP32-like activity.	Pentoxifylline	110-124	caspase 3	Mus musculus	51-56
10567669-4	1999	Anti-Fas antibody administration also elevated the CPP32-like protease activity in the liver at 3 h. Although pentoxifylline at 100 mg/kg, i.p., inhibited the anti-Fas antibody-induced elevation of plasma ALT, this treatment did not significantly inhibit the anti-Fas antibody-induced elevation of CPP32-like activity.	Pentoxifylline	110-124	glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble	Mus musculus	205-208
10567669-4	1999	Anti-Fas antibody administration also elevated the CPP32-like protease activity in the liver at 3 h. Although pentoxifylline at 100 mg/kg, i.p., inhibited the anti-Fas antibody-induced elevation of plasma ALT, this treatment did not significantly inhibit the anti-Fas antibody-induced elevation of CPP32-like activity.	Pentoxifylline	110-124	caspase 3	Mus musculus	298-303
10567669-5	1999	The present results clearly showed that treatment with pentoxifylline inhibited anti-Fas antibody-induced hepatitis, at least in part, by affecting a reaction downstream of CPP32-like protease activation.	Pentoxifylline	55-69	caspase 3	Mus musculus	173-178
11280447-1	2000	In addition to its ability to improve microcirculation, pentoxifylline also has anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) actions which have prompted investigations into its potential efficacy in disease states involving elevated TNF levels.	Pentoxifylline	56-70	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	114-117
11280447-1	2000	In addition to its ability to improve microcirculation, pentoxifylline also has anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) actions which have prompted investigations into its potential efficacy in disease states involving elevated TNF levels.	Pentoxifylline	56-70	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	227-230
11280447-3	2000	To this end, we have previously established a rabbit model of TNF-mediated axonal degeneration, and demonstrated that pentoxifylline attenuates this effect.	Pentoxifylline	118-132	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	62-65
10600354-3	1999	We investigated the effects of resuscitation with dextran 70 and administration of pentoxifylline during resuscitation on hemorrhagic shock-induced P-selectin expression.	Pentoxifylline	83-97	selectin P	Homo sapiens	148-158
10600354-9	1999	Resuscitation with dextran 70 and administration of pentoxifylline during resuscitation prevented P-selectin upregulation.	Pentoxifylline	52-66	selectin P	Homo sapiens	98-108
10600354-11	1999	CONCLUSION: Our study implies that the prevention of hemorrhagic shock-induced leukocyte-endothelium adherence by dextran 70 and pentoxifylline observed in other studies may be mediated by prevention of P-selectin expression by these agents.	Pentoxifylline	129-143	selectin P	Homo sapiens	203-213
10619909-3	1999	Immunomodulation by the haemorreoactive agent pentoxifylline inhibiting the *-TNF production seems to produce a neutrophilic and lymphocytic hypoactivity state, which promotes healing of aphthous in AIDS.	Pentoxifylline	46-60	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	78-81
10506631-13	1999	CONCLUSION: The PTX-Vit E combination reversed human chronic radiotherapy damage and, because no other treatment is presently available for RIF, should be considered as a therapeutic measure.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	vitrin	Homo sapiens	20-23
10635613-12	1999	A few patients appeared to benefit from treatment with pentoxifyllin, a drug suppressing the production of TNF.	Pentoxifylline	55-68	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	107-110
10659375-2	1999	In this study combined infusion therapy with procain, pentoxyphyllin and magnesium sulphuricum in patients with CTS was evaluated retrospectively.	Pentoxifylline	54-68	transthyretin	Homo sapiens	112-115
10480302-5	1999	RESULTS: PTX treatment induced incremental increases in the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in both sera and CSF of 6 HAM patients.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	70-74
10480302-5	1999	RESULTS: PTX treatment induced incremental increases in the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in both sera and CSF of 6 HAM patients.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	79-84
10480302-7	1999	PTX treatment also induced a decrease in IFN-gamma levels in the sera of 6 HAM patients, but this was not correlated with clinical improvement.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	41-50
10480302-8	1999	CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the correction of the immunological imbalance in Th1 to Th2 cytokine responses, with upregulation of IL-4 and IL-10, may account for the clinical improvement in HAM patients treated with PTX.	Pentoxifylline	226-229	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	140-144
10469361-12	1999	PTX decreased the augmented glomerular mRNA levels of MCP-1 and ICAM-1 at two hours and on day 1 of nephritis.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Rattus norvegicus	54-59
10469361-12	1999	PTX decreased the augmented glomerular mRNA levels of MCP-1 and ICAM-1 at two hours and on day 1 of nephritis.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	64-70
10469361-14	1999	On day 5, PTX decreased the number of activated proliferating MCs and attenuated the glomerular mRNA levels of type I (alpha1), type III (alpha1), and type IV (alpha1) collagen and fibronectin compared with vehicle-treated nephritic rats.	Pentoxifylline	10-13	fibronectin 1	Rattus norvegicus	181-192
10469361-15	1999	CONCLUSION: The administration of PTX to rats with anti-Thy1 disease reduces accumulation and proliferation of glomerular macrophages, attenuates proteinuria, suppresses activation and proliferation of MCs, and ameliorates glomerular sclerosis.	Pentoxifylline	34-37	Thy-1 cell surface antigen	Rattus norvegicus	56-60
10678110-0	1999	Effects of pentoxifylline and protein kinase C inhibitor on phorbol ester-induced intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in brain microvascular endothelial cells.	Pentoxifylline	11-25	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	82-115
10403735-7	1999	Furthermore, when the animals were treated with pentoxifylline, a known inhibitor of TNF-alpha secretion in vitro and in vivo, there was significant normalisation of the intestinal morphology accompanied by inhibition of epithelial apoptosis.	Pentoxifylline	48-62	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	85-94
10403735-9	1999	However, neutralisation of TNF-alpha by an antibody or by pentoxifylline inhibits the occurrence of apoptosis and of mucosal atrophy in this animal model.	Pentoxifylline	58-72	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	27-36
10678110-4	1999	Pentoxifylline (PTX) 1-100 mumol.L-1 and the PKC inhibitor H7 5-50 mumol.L-1 prevented PMA-induced stimulation of ICAM-1 expression.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-120
10678110-4	1999	Pentoxifylline (PTX) 1-100 mumol.L-1 and the PKC inhibitor H7 5-50 mumol.L-1 prevented PMA-induced stimulation of ICAM-1 expression.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-120
10678110-5	1999	At PTX 100 mumol.L-1 and H7 50 mumol.L-1, they reached maximal inhibitory effects [ICAM-1 expression (A) from (0.410 +/- 0.014) to (0.175 +/- 0.022) and (0.182 +/- 0.013), respectively; P &lt; 0.01].	Pentoxifylline	3-6	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	83-89
10678110-7	1999	PTX and H7 preincubation may inhibit PKC-induced up-regulation of ICAM-1.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	protein kinase C, gamma	Rattus norvegicus	37-40
10678110-7	1999	PTX and H7 preincubation may inhibit PKC-induced up-regulation of ICAM-1.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Rattus norvegicus	66-72
10796072-11	1999	At the same time, the glutathione peroxidase (glutathione: oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.9) (GSH-Px) activity of PBMC and thymocytes was only marginally inhibited by H2O2 addition (20%), and pretreatment of the cells with 22:6n-3 did not modify the slight inhibitory effect of H2O2.	Pentoxifylline	93-95	thioredoxin reductase 1	Homo sapiens	59-73
10320688-9	1999	Pentoxifylline (PNTX) prevented the LPS evoked decrease in CYP1A1/2 activity suggesting that cytokine release was a required component of this effect in astrocytes.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-65
10320688-9	1999	Pentoxifylline (PNTX) prevented the LPS evoked decrease in CYP1A1/2 activity suggesting that cytokine release was a required component of this effect in astrocytes.	Pentoxifylline	16-20	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Rattus norvegicus	59-65
10391869-2	1999	Pentoxifylline, an anti-inflammatory agent that inhibits endotoxemia and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced release of TNF-alpha, was tested for its ability to inhibit SEB- and TSST-1-induced activation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vitro and toxin-mediated shock in mice.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	117-126
10391869-3	1999	Stimulation of PBMCs by SEB or TSST-1 was effectively blocked by pentoxifylline (10 mM), as evidenced by the inhibition of TNF-alpha, interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), and T-cell proliferation.	Pentoxifylline	65-79	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	123-132
10391869-3	1999	Stimulation of PBMCs by SEB or TSST-1 was effectively blocked by pentoxifylline (10 mM), as evidenced by the inhibition of TNF-alpha, interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), and T-cell proliferation.	Pentoxifylline	65-79	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	134-151
10391869-3	1999	Stimulation of PBMCs by SEB or TSST-1 was effectively blocked by pentoxifylline (10 mM), as evidenced by the inhibition of TNF-alpha, interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), and T-cell proliferation.	Pentoxifylline	65-79	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	153-161
10391869-3	1999	Stimulation of PBMCs by SEB or TSST-1 was effectively blocked by pentoxifylline (10 mM), as evidenced by the inhibition of TNF-alpha, interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), and T-cell proliferation.	Pentoxifylline	65-79	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	164-191
10391869-4	1999	The levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha, and IFN-gamma in serum after an SEB or TSST-1 injection were significantly lower in mice given pentoxifylline (5.5 mg/animal) versus control mice.	Pentoxifylline	131-145	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	14-23
10391869-4	1999	The levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha, and IFN-gamma in serum after an SEB or TSST-1 injection were significantly lower in mice given pentoxifylline (5.5 mg/animal) versus control mice.	Pentoxifylline	131-145	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	25-34
10391869-4	1999	The levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1alpha, and IFN-gamma in serum after an SEB or TSST-1 injection were significantly lower in mice given pentoxifylline (5.5 mg/animal) versus control mice.	Pentoxifylline	131-145	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	40-49
10403560-10	1999	Finally in HL60 cells the effects of different Caspase inhibitors and pentoxifylline (PTX) (interferes with lipid signaling of cytokines) on TNF alpha-induced apoptosis were evaluated.	Pentoxifylline	70-84	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	141-150
10403560-10	1999	Finally in HL60 cells the effects of different Caspase inhibitors and pentoxifylline (PTX) (interferes with lipid signaling of cytokines) on TNF alpha-induced apoptosis were evaluated.	Pentoxifylline	86-89	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	141-150
10408250-13	1999	This increase of both TNF-alpha and nitrate levels induced by lipopolysaccharide was significantly reduced in lipopolysaccharide-rats pretreated with pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	150-164	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	22-31
10408250-15	1999	In lipopolysaccharide-rats pretreated with pentoxifylline, inducible NO synthase protein expression in lung homogenates was attenuated by 48 +/- 5%.	Pentoxifylline	43-57	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	59-80
10321674-1	1999	OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of the methylxanthine derivative, pentoxifylline, on plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-6 in prematurely delivered infants with generalized bacterial infections and to assess the effect of this immunomodulating drug on the clinical outcome in newborns with sepsis.	Pentoxifylline	71-85	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	107-140
10413987-4	1999	Additionally, the therapeutic effect of non-steroidal and steroidal drugs, biphosphonates and pentoxyfylline on PE particles was investigated with the aim of differentiating drugs with, from those without, a positive effect on aseptic loosening.	Pentoxifylline	94-108	peptidase E	Homo sapiens	112-114
10413987-14	1999	Therapeutic doses of pentoxyfylline also led to a decrease of 1/5 in maximum TNF release.	Pentoxifylline	21-35	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	77-80
10222054-10	1999	The induction of TNF-alpha secretion by BN52207 was dependent on de novo protein synthesis as the specific TNF-alpha inhibitor, pentoxifylline, and the protein synthesis inhibitors, cyclohexamide and emetine, abolished TNF-alpha secretion.	Pentoxifylline	128-142	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	17-26
10231057-0	1999	Modulation of sperm tail protein tyrosine phosphorylation by pentoxifylline and its correlation with hyperactivated motility.	Pentoxifylline	61-75	sperm associated antigen 4	Homo sapiens	14-32
10399136-2	1999	All the drugs used in the present study, i.e., ozagrel, ifenprodil, pentoxifylline, cinnarizine and dilazep, caused an increase in rCBF in the FCOR, HPC and CAD.	Pentoxifylline	68-82	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	131-135
10399136-4	1999	Ozagrel, ifenprodil, cinnarizine and dilazep were more effective than pentoxifylline in increasing rCBF at the HPC.	Pentoxifylline	70-84	CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta	Rattus norvegicus	99-103
10416955-0	1999	Interleukin-6 as a central mediator of cardiovascular risk associated with chronic inflammation, smoking, diabetes, and visceral obesity: down-regulation with essential fatty acids, ethanol and pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	194-208	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	0-13
10416955-5	1999	IL-6 is released by a range of tissues in response to stimulation by the monocyte-derived cytokines interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor; by suppressing production of these cytokines, fish oil, alpha-linolenic acid, and pentoxifylline can reduce IL-6 synthesis.	Pentoxifylline	223-237	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	0-4
10321674-1	1999	OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of the methylxanthine derivative, pentoxifylline, on plasma levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1, and IL-6 in prematurely delivered infants with generalized bacterial infections and to assess the effect of this immunomodulating drug on the clinical outcome in newborns with sepsis.	Pentoxifylline	71-85	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	166-170
10321674-11	1999	Pentoxifylline significantly diminished plasma TNF levels (p = .009) but had no effect on plasma IL-1 levels.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	47-50
10321674-12	1999	Mean plasma IL-6 levels, which were measured in the pentoxifylline group on the 6th day of the study, were significantly lower compared with respective data obtained in the placebo group.	Pentoxifylline	52-66	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	12-16
10321674-15	1999	CONCLUSION: Pentoxifylline significantly affects the synthesis of TNF and IL-6 as well as reduces the mortality rate in premature infants with sepsis.	Pentoxifylline	12-26	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	66-69
10321674-15	1999	CONCLUSION: Pentoxifylline significantly affects the synthesis of TNF and IL-6 as well as reduces the mortality rate in premature infants with sepsis.	Pentoxifylline	12-26	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	74-78
10360454-3	1999	The aim of this work was to study the effects of pentoxifylline, an agent with anti-TNF-a properties, on the haematologic status in anaemic patients with advanced renal failure.	Pentoxifylline	49-63	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	84-89
10329205-0	1999	Pentoxifylline inhibits PDGF-induced proliferation of and TGF-beta-stimulated collagen synthesis by vascular smooth muscle cells.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	transforming growth factor, beta 1	Rattus norvegicus	58-66
10360454-8	1999	However, the serum TNF-a concentration decreased significantly in patients receiving pentoxifylline (basal 623+/-366 pg/ml; 6th month 562+/-358 pg/ml, p &lt; 0.01), but not in the control group.	Pentoxifylline	85-99	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	19-24
10102957-13	1999	CONCLUSION: The simultaneous administration of pentoxifylline and TNFalpha mab may enhance therapeutic outcomes in inflammatory bowel disease and reduce the side-effects associated with the repeated use of TNFalpha mab.	Pentoxifylline	47-61	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	206-214
10371675-7	1999	Moreover, LPS (100 microg/kg, ip)-induced reduction of sexual motivation was antagonized by the combined administration of the TNFalpha synthesis blocker pentoxifylline (50 mg/kg, ip) and IL-1 receptor antagonist (10 mg/kg, ip), but not by the administration of each of these substances by itself.	Pentoxifylline	154-168	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	127-135
10066362-7	1999	Forskolin and pentoxifylline, two other agents known to elevate intracellular cyclic AMP through different mechanisms, also potently decreased Id4 gene expression.	Pentoxifylline	14-28	inhibitor of DNA binding 4	Mus musculus	143-146
10208482-6	1999	PTX caused a dose-dependent decrease of basal PAI-1 protein release, reaching 80% maximal inhibitory effect at 10(-3)M, the same inhibitory effect caused by Genistein at 100 microg/ml.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	46-51
10024546-8	1999	The inhibition of TNF-alpha secretion by administration of pentoxifylline 1 h before infection reduced muscle wasting and activation of proteolysis at day 2 and abolished them at day 6.	Pentoxifylline	59-73	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	18-27
9927365-0	1999	Pentoxifylline inhibits TNF-alpha production from human alveolar macrophages.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	24-33
9927365-2	1999	Recently, pentoxifylline (POF) has been shown to suppress the synthesis of TNF-alpha from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human monocytes in cell cultures and in vivo.	Pentoxifylline	10-24	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	75-84
9927365-2	1999	Recently, pentoxifylline (POF) has been shown to suppress the synthesis of TNF-alpha from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human monocytes in cell cultures and in vivo.	Pentoxifylline	26-29	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	75-84
9950270-3	1999	Pretreatment of HUVEC with PTX significantly antagonized TNF-, IL-1-, and G-CSF-activated transmigration of neutrophils.	Pentoxifylline	27-30	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	57-60
9934904-9	1999	Administration of pentoxifylline at 5 mg/kg/day also down regulated the production of IL-6 messenger RNA (mRNA) in liver and lipopolysaccharide binding protein mRNA in the liver and intestine of septic animals given the high-protein liquid diet.	Pentoxifylline	18-32	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	86-90
9914472-10	1999	Pretreatment of PMNs with various concentrations of pentoxifylline (0.001-20 mm) led to the concentration-dependent inhibition of oxidative modification of HDL3 induced by stimulated PMNs.	Pentoxifylline	52-66	HDL3	Homo sapiens	156-160
9914472-11	1999	The addition of 20 mm pentoxifylline in the most extreme oxidative stress conditions resulted in 70% of HDL3 alpha-tocopherol being maintained, with no formation of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and a lower level of apoprotein AI cross-linking.	Pentoxifylline	22-36	HDL3	Homo sapiens	104-108
9914472-13	1999	Pentoxifylline inhibited the oxidative modification of HDL3 by PMNs.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	HDL3	Homo sapiens	55-59
9916687-6	1999	The known inhibition of IL-2 production by POX is not responsible for this effect, because exogenous IL-2 supplementation does not block it.	Pentoxifylline	43-46	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	24-28
9916687-7	1999	The presence of POX during priming alters the outcome of T cell activation, resulting in a lower frequency of cells expressing IL-2R alpha (CD25) and a decrease in their subsequent apoptosis, and this antiapoptotic effect is consistent with the enhanced commitment of T cells to secondary responsiveness by POX.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	127-138
9916687-7	1999	The presence of POX during priming alters the outcome of T cell activation, resulting in a lower frequency of cells expressing IL-2R alpha (CD25) and a decrease in their subsequent apoptosis, and this antiapoptotic effect is consistent with the enhanced commitment of T cells to secondary responsiveness by POX.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	140-144
10226770-1	1999	We estimated the effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the respiratory burst (examined by chemiluminescence method) of unprimed and primed neutrophils with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in patients with stable angina pectoris.	Pentoxifylline	27-41	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	152-179
10226770-1	1999	We estimated the effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the respiratory burst (examined by chemiluminescence method) of unprimed and primed neutrophils with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in patients with stable angina pectoris.	Pentoxifylline	27-41	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	181-190
10226770-1	1999	We estimated the effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the respiratory burst (examined by chemiluminescence method) of unprimed and primed neutrophils with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in patients with stable angina pectoris.	Pentoxifylline	43-46	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	152-179
10226770-1	1999	We estimated the effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the respiratory burst (examined by chemiluminescence method) of unprimed and primed neutrophils with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in patients with stable angina pectoris.	Pentoxifylline	43-46	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	181-190
9950270-8	1999	The present IL-8 dependent and cAMP-regulated augmentation of LPS-induced stimulation of transmigration is the first description of an additive effect of PTX with a pro-inflammatory agent.	Pentoxifylline	154-157	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	12-16
9950270-3	1999	Pretreatment of HUVEC with PTX significantly antagonized TNF-, IL-1-, and G-CSF-activated transmigration of neutrophils.	Pentoxifylline	27-30	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	63-67
9950270-3	1999	Pretreatment of HUVEC with PTX significantly antagonized TNF-, IL-1-, and G-CSF-activated transmigration of neutrophils.	Pentoxifylline	27-30	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	74-79
9950270-6	1999	Upon stimulation with TNF or LPS, HUVEC produced IL-8 and PTX affected this process in opposing fashions, with inhibition of the effects of TNF and augmentation of those of LPS.	Pentoxifylline	58-61	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	22-25
9950270-6	1999	Upon stimulation with TNF or LPS, HUVEC produced IL-8 and PTX affected this process in opposing fashions, with inhibition of the effects of TNF and augmentation of those of LPS.	Pentoxifylline	58-61	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	140-143
9930944-4	1999	Both pentoxifylline (66 microg/ml) and cyclosporin A (300 ng/ml) slightly inhibited TNFalpha release without affecting IL-1beta or superoxide generation.	Pentoxifylline	5-19	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	84-92
9862760-10	1999	After clot implantation, at all pentoxifylline doses there was a significant increase in tumor necrosis factor levels, compared with controls (p =.025).	Pentoxifylline	32-46	tumor necrosis factor	Canis lupus familiaris	89-110
9930944-6	1999	A combination of methylprednisolone, pentoxifylline, cyclosporin A, and nicotinamide (concentrations for each substance as described above) inhibited TNFalpha generation by 74+/-6% (mean value+/-SEM, mononuclear blood cells from seven diabetic patients) without affecting IL-1beta or superoxide generation.	Pentoxifylline	37-51	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	150-158
9930944-6	1999	A combination of methylprednisolone, pentoxifylline, cyclosporin A, and nicotinamide (concentrations for each substance as described above) inhibited TNFalpha generation by 74+/-6% (mean value+/-SEM, mononuclear blood cells from seven diabetic patients) without affecting IL-1beta or superoxide generation.	Pentoxifylline	37-51	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	272-280
9840261-1	1998	In this study, we investigated the effect of pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of TNF-alpha, on the contact sensitivity response induced by nickel.	Pentoxifylline	45-59	tumor necrosis factor	Cavia porcellus	77-86
10464849-1	1999	The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the production of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and GM-CSF by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated alveolar macrophages (AM).	Pentoxifylline	56-70	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	98-107
10464849-1	1999	The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the production of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and GM-CSF by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated alveolar macrophages (AM).	Pentoxifylline	56-70	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	109-118
10464849-1	1999	The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the production of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and GM-CSF by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated alveolar macrophages (AM).	Pentoxifylline	56-70	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	120-124
10464849-1	1999	The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the production of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and GM-CSF by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated alveolar macrophages (AM).	Pentoxifylline	56-70	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	129-135
10464849-1	1999	The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the production of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and GM-CSF by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated alveolar macrophages (AM).	Pentoxifylline	72-75	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	98-107
10464849-1	1999	The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the production of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and GM-CSF by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated alveolar macrophages (AM).	Pentoxifylline	72-75	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	109-118
10464849-1	1999	The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the production of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and GM-CSF by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated alveolar macrophages (AM).	Pentoxifylline	72-75	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	120-124
10464849-1	1999	The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the production of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and GM-CSF by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated alveolar macrophages (AM).	Pentoxifylline	72-75	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	129-135
10464849-4	1999	The TNF-alpha production by AM was significantly suppressed in the presence of PTX at concentrations of 2.0 and 1.0 mM, while production of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and GM-CSF remained unaffected.	Pentoxifylline	79-82	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	4-13
10464849-5	1999	In PBM cultures, PTX significantly suppressed the production of TNF-alpha and GM-CSF, at all tested concentrations.	Pentoxifylline	17-20	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	64-73
10464849-5	1999	In PBM cultures, PTX significantly suppressed the production of TNF-alpha and GM-CSF, at all tested concentrations.	Pentoxifylline	17-20	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	78-84
10464849-6	1999	The present study provides evidence that PTX selectively suppresses the production of TNF-alpha by LPS-stimulated AM and may have a role in the treatment of lung diseases where TNF-alpha is involved.	Pentoxifylline	41-44	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	86-95
10464849-6	1999	The present study provides evidence that PTX selectively suppresses the production of TNF-alpha by LPS-stimulated AM and may have a role in the treatment of lung diseases where TNF-alpha is involved.	Pentoxifylline	41-44	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	177-186
10464849-7	1999	The mode of administration of PTX should take into account the suppressive effect of this drug on GM-CSF production by PBM.	Pentoxifylline	30-33	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	98-104
9791055-2	1998	PX treatment prevented the increase in plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (peak 1.5 h after the infection) and resulted in an 84 and 61% inhibition of plasma interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6, respectively (peaks at 3 h).	Pentoxifylline	0-2	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	46-79
9791055-2	1998	PX treatment prevented the increase in plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (peak 1.5 h after the infection) and resulted in an 84 and 61% inhibition of plasma interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6, respectively (peaks at 3 h).	Pentoxifylline	0-2	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	164-186
9791055-2	1998	PX treatment prevented the increase in plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (peak 1.5 h after the infection) and resulted in an 84 and 61% inhibition of plasma interleukin (IL)-1beta and IL-6, respectively (peaks at 3 h).	Pentoxifylline	0-2	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	191-195
9877451-5	1998	Pentoxifylline (1 mg/ml) did not influence PMA-induced TNF-alpha production, but it augmented IL-1beta-induced TNF-alpha production.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	94-102
9877451-5	1998	Pentoxifylline (1 mg/ml) did not influence PMA-induced TNF-alpha production, but it augmented IL-1beta-induced TNF-alpha production.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	111-120
9877451-6	1998	Measurements of TNF-alpha mRNA by RT-PCR indicated that pentoxifylline exerted its effect posttranscriptionally.	Pentoxifylline	56-70	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	16-25
9877451-7	1998	Additional studies with PMA-treated human whole blood cultures confirmed that pentoxifylline, db-cAMP, and adenosine reduced TNF-alpha production by leukocytes.	Pentoxifylline	78-92	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	125-134
9811314-3	1998	METHODS: By use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, we measured the effects of Linomide (roquinimex), thalidomide, pentoxifylline, and genistein on TNF-alpha and GM-CSF production in vitro by virally transformed RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages and on PAI-2 production in vitro by human macrophages.	Pentoxifylline	118-132	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	151-160
9811314-3	1998	METHODS: By use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, we measured the effects of Linomide (roquinimex), thalidomide, pentoxifylline, and genistein on TNF-alpha and GM-CSF production in vitro by virally transformed RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages and on PAI-2 production in vitro by human macrophages.	Pentoxifylline	118-132	colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage)	Mus musculus	165-171
9818891-2	1998	In vitro production of tumor necrosis factor alpha was reduced in patients taking 2,400 to 3,200 mg/day of pentoxifylline for 12 weeks or more.	Pentoxifylline	107-121	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	23-50
9833940-1	1998	Free-radical scavengers and inhibitors of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) such as N-acetylcysteine and pentoxifylline have been shown to inhibit the development of peripheral neuropathy in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats.	Pentoxifylline	112-126	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	72-81
9798977-8	1998	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivative, significantly inhibited the hypoxia-induced increase in PCA as well as VEGF release in all three cell lines tested.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	122-126
9798977-9	1998	In A375 cells, PTX significantly inhibited TF antigen expression by both normoxic and hypoxic cells.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Rattus norvegicus	43-45
9798977-0	1998	Pentoxifylline inhibits hypoxia-induced upregulation of tumor cell tissue factor and vascular endothelial growth factor.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Rattus norvegicus	67-80
9798977-8	1998	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivative, significantly inhibited the hypoxia-induced increase in PCA as well as VEGF release in all three cell lines tested.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Rattus norvegicus	122-126
9775652-15	1998	As a consequence of pentoxifyllin and dexamethasone therapy, the TNF production generally dropped to the normal level.	Pentoxifylline	20-33	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	65-68
9736571-3	1998	In earlier studies, we observed an unexpected increase in mortality in mice infected with Candida albicans that were given pentoxifylline even though concentrations of TNF-alpha in serum were not affected.	Pentoxifylline	123-137	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	168-177
9777308-3	1998	In the past few years several compounds have been developed which neutralise or impair the production of TNF alpha, e.g. monoclonal antibodies [infliximab (cA2), CDP-571], TNF receptor p75-Fc fusion protein, pentoxifylline (oxpentifylline), p65 antisense oligonucleotides and metalloproteinase inhibitors, thereby counteracting the deleterious effects of this proinflammatory cytokine.	Pentoxifylline	208-222	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	105-114
9777308-3	1998	In the past few years several compounds have been developed which neutralise or impair the production of TNF alpha, e.g. monoclonal antibodies [infliximab (cA2), CDP-571], TNF receptor p75-Fc fusion protein, pentoxifylline (oxpentifylline), p65 antisense oligonucleotides and metalloproteinase inhibitors, thereby counteracting the deleterious effects of this proinflammatory cytokine.	Pentoxifylline	224-238	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	105-114
9743553-3	1998	In this study, we studied and compared the effect of the carbocyclic nucleoside analogue (9-[(1R, 3R)-trans-cyclopentan-3-ol] adenine) with pentoxifylline on modulating TNF-alpha production.	Pentoxifylline	140-154	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	169-178
9761378-3	1998	Pentoxifyllin (Ptx) regulates the production of several cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma).	Pentoxifylline	0-13	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	76-103
9703279-7	1998	We also tested pentoxifylline and found it to suppress TNF production in response to DMXAA and to potentiate the anti-tumour effect of DMXAA.	Pentoxifylline	15-29	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	55-58
9761378-3	1998	Pentoxifyllin (Ptx) regulates the production of several cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma).	Pentoxifylline	0-13	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	105-114
9761378-3	1998	Pentoxifyllin (Ptx) regulates the production of several cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma).	Pentoxifylline	0-13	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	117-137
9761378-3	1998	Pentoxifyllin (Ptx) regulates the production of several cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma).	Pentoxifylline	0-13	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	143-170
9761378-3	1998	Pentoxifyllin (Ptx) regulates the production of several cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma).	Pentoxifylline	15-18	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	76-103
9761378-3	1998	Pentoxifyllin (Ptx) regulates the production of several cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma).	Pentoxifylline	15-18	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	105-114
9761378-3	1998	Pentoxifyllin (Ptx) regulates the production of several cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma).	Pentoxifylline	15-18	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	117-137
9761378-3	1998	Pentoxifyllin (Ptx) regulates the production of several cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 (IL-1) and, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma).	Pentoxifylline	15-18	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	143-170
9761378-4	1998	We wished in this study to determine whether Ptx modified the spontaneous and cytokine-induced GAG synthesis by REF and IFN-gamma induced HLA-DR expression.	Pentoxifylline	45-48	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	120-129
9762695-3	1998	These enzymes included glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GSSG-R), glutathione transferase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase in erythrocytes; and GSH-Px in plasma.	Pentoxifylline	51-53	catalase	Homo sapiens	139-147
9711995-1	1998	N-acetylcysteine and pentoxifylline, free radical scavengers and inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production, inhibit the development of peripheral neuropathy in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.	Pentoxifylline	21-35	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	79-106
9711995-1	1998	N-acetylcysteine and pentoxifylline, free radical scavengers and inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production, inhibit the development of peripheral neuropathy in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.	Pentoxifylline	21-35	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	108-117
9721071-9	1998	GPx and CAT activities were increased in the ischemia/reperfusion (P &lt; 0.01, P &lt; 0.05) and PTX-treated groups (P &lt; 0.05, P &lt; 0.001).	Pentoxifylline	97-100	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	8-11
9667590-2	1998	In vitro studies with myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T-cell lines revealed a synergistic suppressive effect of IFN-beta1b and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX) on proliferation and the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), lymphotoxin (LT), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma).	Pentoxifylline	163-177	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	22-42
9667590-2	1998	In vitro studies with myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T-cell lines revealed a synergistic suppressive effect of IFN-beta1b and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX) on proliferation and the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), lymphotoxin (LT), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma).	Pentoxifylline	163-177	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	44-47
9667590-2	1998	In vitro studies with myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T-cell lines revealed a synergistic suppressive effect of IFN-beta1b and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX) on proliferation and the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), lymphotoxin (LT), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma).	Pentoxifylline	163-177	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	223-250
9667590-2	1998	In vitro studies with myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T-cell lines revealed a synergistic suppressive effect of IFN-beta1b and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX) on proliferation and the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), lymphotoxin (LT), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma).	Pentoxifylline	163-177	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	252-261
9667590-2	1998	In vitro studies with myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T-cell lines revealed a synergistic suppressive effect of IFN-beta1b and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX) on proliferation and the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), lymphotoxin (LT), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma).	Pentoxifylline	163-177	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	286-302
9667590-2	1998	In vitro studies with myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T-cell lines revealed a synergistic suppressive effect of IFN-beta1b and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX) on proliferation and the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), lymphotoxin (LT), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma).	Pentoxifylline	163-177	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	304-313
9713508-7	1998	Western blot analysis showed enhanced expression of iNOS, which could be inhibited by pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of TNF synthesis.	Pentoxifylline	86-100	nitric oxide synthase 2	Homo sapiens	52-56
9713508-7	1998	Western blot analysis showed enhanced expression of iNOS, which could be inhibited by pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of TNF synthesis.	Pentoxifylline	86-100	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	118-121
9667590-2	1998	In vitro studies with myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T-cell lines revealed a synergistic suppressive effect of IFN-beta1b and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX) on proliferation and the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), lymphotoxin (LT), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma).	Pentoxifylline	179-182	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	22-42
9667590-2	1998	In vitro studies with myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T-cell lines revealed a synergistic suppressive effect of IFN-beta1b and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX) on proliferation and the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), lymphotoxin (LT), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma).	Pentoxifylline	179-182	myelin basic protein	Homo sapiens	44-47
9667590-2	1998	In vitro studies with myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T-cell lines revealed a synergistic suppressive effect of IFN-beta1b and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX) on proliferation and the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), lymphotoxin (LT), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma).	Pentoxifylline	179-182	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	223-250
9667590-2	1998	In vitro studies with myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T-cell lines revealed a synergistic suppressive effect of IFN-beta1b and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX) on proliferation and the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), lymphotoxin (LT), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma).	Pentoxifylline	179-182	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	252-261
9667590-2	1998	In vitro studies with myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T-cell lines revealed a synergistic suppressive effect of IFN-beta1b and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX) on proliferation and the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), lymphotoxin (LT), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma).	Pentoxifylline	179-182	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	286-302
9667590-2	1998	In vitro studies with myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T-cell lines revealed a synergistic suppressive effect of IFN-beta1b and the phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX) on proliferation and the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), lymphotoxin (LT), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma).	Pentoxifylline	179-182	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	304-313
9647208-3	1998	In addition, the homotypic aggregation of T cells induced by anti-beta1 and -beta2 integrin chain mAbs was also inhibited by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	125-128	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	66-82
9647208-4	1998	PTX had a significant inhibitory effect on the T lymphocyte expression of the activation Ags CD25 (IL-2R alpha-chain), CD69 (activation-inducer molecule), and CD98 (4F2) induced by PHA.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	93-97
9647208-2	1998	We found that PTX inhibited the adhesion of T cells to the beta1 and beta2 integrin ligands VCAM-1 and ICAM-1; this inhibitory activity was dose dependent, with a maximal effect from 12 to 24 h. We also found that PTX was able to interfere with the activation of beta1 integrins induced by intracellular signals; however, the conformational change of beta1 integrins induced by extracellular stimuli (e.g., activating mAbs, or Mn2+) was not significantly affected by this drug.	Pentoxifylline	14-17	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	59-64
9647208-4	1998	PTX had a significant inhibitory effect on the T lymphocyte expression of the activation Ags CD25 (IL-2R alpha-chain), CD69 (activation-inducer molecule), and CD98 (4F2) induced by PHA.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	99-110
9647208-2	1998	We found that PTX inhibited the adhesion of T cells to the beta1 and beta2 integrin ligands VCAM-1 and ICAM-1; this inhibitory activity was dose dependent, with a maximal effect from 12 to 24 h. We also found that PTX was able to interfere with the activation of beta1 integrins induced by intracellular signals; however, the conformational change of beta1 integrins induced by extracellular stimuli (e.g., activating mAbs, or Mn2+) was not significantly affected by this drug.	Pentoxifylline	14-17	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	69-74
9647208-4	1998	PTX had a significant inhibitory effect on the T lymphocyte expression of the activation Ags CD25 (IL-2R alpha-chain), CD69 (activation-inducer molecule), and CD98 (4F2) induced by PHA.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	CD69 molecule	Homo sapiens	119-123
9647208-4	1998	PTX had a significant inhibitory effect on the T lymphocyte expression of the activation Ags CD25 (IL-2R alpha-chain), CD69 (activation-inducer molecule), and CD98 (4F2) induced by PHA.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	solute carrier family 3 member 2	Homo sapiens	159-163
9647208-2	1998	We found that PTX inhibited the adhesion of T cells to the beta1 and beta2 integrin ligands VCAM-1 and ICAM-1; this inhibitory activity was dose dependent, with a maximal effect from 12 to 24 h. We also found that PTX was able to interfere with the activation of beta1 integrins induced by intracellular signals; however, the conformational change of beta1 integrins induced by extracellular stimuli (e.g., activating mAbs, or Mn2+) was not significantly affected by this drug.	Pentoxifylline	14-17	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	92-98
9647208-2	1998	We found that PTX inhibited the adhesion of T cells to the beta1 and beta2 integrin ligands VCAM-1 and ICAM-1; this inhibitory activity was dose dependent, with a maximal effect from 12 to 24 h. We also found that PTX was able to interfere with the activation of beta1 integrins induced by intracellular signals; however, the conformational change of beta1 integrins induced by extracellular stimuli (e.g., activating mAbs, or Mn2+) was not significantly affected by this drug.	Pentoxifylline	14-17	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	103-109
9696493-0	1998	Pentoxifylline prevents concanavalin A-induced hepatitis by reducing tumor necrosis factor alpha levels and inhibiting adhesion of T lymphocytes to extracellular matrix.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	69-96
9696493-4	1998	Pentoxifylline is a strong suppressor of tumor necrosis factor alpha release and prevents leukocyte adherence to vascular endothelium and down-regulates the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in monocytes.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	41-68
9647208-2	1998	We found that PTX inhibited the adhesion of T cells to the beta1 and beta2 integrin ligands VCAM-1 and ICAM-1; this inhibitory activity was dose dependent, with a maximal effect from 12 to 24 h. We also found that PTX was able to interfere with the activation of beta1 integrins induced by intracellular signals; however, the conformational change of beta1 integrins induced by extracellular stimuli (e.g., activating mAbs, or Mn2+) was not significantly affected by this drug.	Pentoxifylline	14-17	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	263-268
9696493-4	1998	Pentoxifylline is a strong suppressor of tumor necrosis factor alpha release and prevents leukocyte adherence to vascular endothelium and down-regulates the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in monocytes.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	171-204
9714297-8	1998	When pentoxifylline, a TNF-alpha synthesis inhibitor, was co-administered with LPS to macrophages, the down-regulation of CYP1A1 activity was prevented.	Pentoxifylline	5-19	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	23-32
9696493-8	1998	We also assessed the effects of pentoxifylline on the adhesive properties of T lymphocytes to fibronectin, as a paradigm for immune cell-extracellular matrix interactions required for migration.	Pentoxifylline	32-46	fibronectin 1	Mus musculus	94-105
9696493-9	1998	Pretreatment with pentoxifylline significantly reduced serum levels of liver enzymes (3800+/-650 vs 150+/-28 IU/l) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (710+/-105 vs 113+/-15 pg/ml) with no evidence of inflammation in histopathologic examination compared to control mice treated with concanavalin A.	Pentoxifylline	18-32	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	119-146
9696493-10	1998	Pentoxifylline also inhibited the binding of murine T cells to fibronectin.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	fibronectin 1	Mus musculus	63-74
9696493-12	1998	CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that high doses of pentoxifylline can prevent concanavalin A hepatitis by suppression of tumor necrosis factor alpha release and inhibition of T cells adhesion to extracellular matrix.	Pentoxifylline	55-69	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	125-152
9669475-2	1998	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methylxanthine derivative that inhibits the production of TNF-alpha, a cytokine involved in EAE and multiple sclerosis physiopathology.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	84-93
9669475-2	1998	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methylxanthine derivative that inhibits the production of TNF-alpha, a cytokine involved in EAE and multiple sclerosis physiopathology.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	84-93
9647208-2	1998	We found that PTX inhibited the adhesion of T cells to the beta1 and beta2 integrin ligands VCAM-1 and ICAM-1; this inhibitory activity was dose dependent, with a maximal effect from 12 to 24 h. We also found that PTX was able to interfere with the activation of beta1 integrins induced by intracellular signals; however, the conformational change of beta1 integrins induced by extracellular stimuli (e.g., activating mAbs, or Mn2+) was not significantly affected by this drug.	Pentoxifylline	14-17	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	263-268
9647208-2	1998	We found that PTX inhibited the adhesion of T cells to the beta1 and beta2 integrin ligands VCAM-1 and ICAM-1; this inhibitory activity was dose dependent, with a maximal effect from 12 to 24 h. We also found that PTX was able to interfere with the activation of beta1 integrins induced by intracellular signals; however, the conformational change of beta1 integrins induced by extracellular stimuli (e.g., activating mAbs, or Mn2+) was not significantly affected by this drug.	Pentoxifylline	214-217	UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2	Homo sapiens	59-64
9647208-2	1998	We found that PTX inhibited the adhesion of T cells to the beta1 and beta2 integrin ligands VCAM-1 and ICAM-1; this inhibitory activity was dose dependent, with a maximal effect from 12 to 24 h. We also found that PTX was able to interfere with the activation of beta1 integrins induced by intracellular signals; however, the conformational change of beta1 integrins induced by extracellular stimuli (e.g., activating mAbs, or Mn2+) was not significantly affected by this drug.	Pentoxifylline	214-217	potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2	Homo sapiens	69-74
9647208-2	1998	We found that PTX inhibited the adhesion of T cells to the beta1 and beta2 integrin ligands VCAM-1 and ICAM-1; this inhibitory activity was dose dependent, with a maximal effect from 12 to 24 h. We also found that PTX was able to interfere with the activation of beta1 integrins induced by intracellular signals; however, the conformational change of beta1 integrins induced by extracellular stimuli (e.g., activating mAbs, or Mn2+) was not significantly affected by this drug.	Pentoxifylline	214-217	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	103-109
9665756-2	1998	PTX suppresses the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and T helper type 1 (Th1) cytokine, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), whereas it increases the production of Th2 cytokines, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	62-71
9665756-2	1998	PTX suppresses the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and T helper type 1 (Th1) cytokine, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), whereas it increases the production of Th2 cytokines, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	127-136
9665756-2	1998	PTX suppresses the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and T helper type 1 (Th1) cytokine, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), whereas it increases the production of Th2 cytokines, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	interleukin 4	Mus musculus	216-220
9665756-2	1998	PTX suppresses the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and T helper type 1 (Th1) cytokine, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), whereas it increases the production of Th2 cytokines, such as interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-10.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	interleukin 10	Mus musculus	226-231
9665756-8	1998	The results of enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay of spleen cells of mice showed that the production of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma was significantly inhibited (TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, p &lt; 0.001) and IL-4 and IL-10 production was significantly increased (IL-4, P &lt; 0.001; and IL-10, P &lt; 0.05, respectively) in the group of mice treated with PTX from days -2 to 12.	Pentoxifylline	353-356	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	110-119
9665756-8	1998	The results of enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay of spleen cells of mice showed that the production of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma was significantly inhibited (TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, p &lt; 0.001) and IL-4 and IL-10 production was significantly increased (IL-4, P &lt; 0.001; and IL-10, P &lt; 0.05, respectively) in the group of mice treated with PTX from days -2 to 12.	Pentoxifylline	353-356	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	124-133
9665756-8	1998	The results of enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay of spleen cells of mice showed that the production of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma was significantly inhibited (TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, p &lt; 0.001) and IL-4 and IL-10 production was significantly increased (IL-4, P &lt; 0.001; and IL-10, P &lt; 0.05, respectively) in the group of mice treated with PTX from days -2 to 12.	Pentoxifylline	353-356	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	163-172
9665756-8	1998	The results of enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay of spleen cells of mice showed that the production of TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma was significantly inhibited (TNF-alpha and IFN-gamma, p &lt; 0.001) and IL-4 and IL-10 production was significantly increased (IL-4, P &lt; 0.001; and IL-10, P &lt; 0.05, respectively) in the group of mice treated with PTX from days -2 to 12.	Pentoxifylline	353-356	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	177-186
9665756-9	1998	These findings suggest that PTX suppresses the onset of TMEV-IDD by suppressing the production of TNF-alpha and modulating Th1-dominant immune responses into Th2-dominant ones.	Pentoxifylline	28-31	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	98-107
9714297-8	1998	When pentoxifylline, a TNF-alpha synthesis inhibitor, was co-administered with LPS to macrophages, the down-regulation of CYP1A1 activity was prevented.	Pentoxifylline	5-19	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	79-82
9714297-8	1998	When pentoxifylline, a TNF-alpha synthesis inhibitor, was co-administered with LPS to macrophages, the down-regulation of CYP1A1 activity was prevented.	Pentoxifylline	5-19	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1	Mus musculus	122-128
9652341-4	1998	Depletion of neutrophils by methotrexate or reduction of TNF-alpha concentration by pentoxifylline markedly reduced indomethacin-induced mucosal damage.	Pentoxifylline	84-98	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	57-66
9652341-5	1998	Pentoxifylline but not methotrexate prevented the increase in mucosal TNF-alpha level induced by indomethacin.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	70-79
9529028-4	1998	GM-CSF toxicity may be mediated by TNF, and inhibition of TNF release by pentoxifylline (PTX) may ameliorate these toxic effects.	Pentoxifylline	73-87	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	58-61
9609097-4	1998	Recent studies have demonstrated that pentoxifylline (PTX), a xanthine-derived phosphodiesterase inhibitor, has the ability to inhibit synthesis of TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	38-52	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	148-157
9609097-4	1998	Recent studies have demonstrated that pentoxifylline (PTX), a xanthine-derived phosphodiesterase inhibitor, has the ability to inhibit synthesis of TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	54-57	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	148-157
9609097-6	1998	Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical techniques were used to demonstrate that 24 h to 1 wk after UVB-light irradiation, PTX inhibited UVB-induced TNF-alpha gene expression, inhibited the increase in epidermal TNF-alpha protein synthesis, blocked the increase in epidermal proliferation observed after exposure to UVB light, and decreased production of myeloperoxidase by neutrophils infiltrating into the dermis.	Pentoxifylline	155-158	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	181-190
9609097-6	1998	Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical techniques were used to demonstrate that 24 h to 1 wk after UVB-light irradiation, PTX inhibited UVB-induced TNF-alpha gene expression, inhibited the increase in epidermal TNF-alpha protein synthesis, blocked the increase in epidermal proliferation observed after exposure to UVB light, and decreased production of myeloperoxidase by neutrophils infiltrating into the dermis.	Pentoxifylline	155-158	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	244-253
9660578-3	1998	Pentoxifylline suppresses the production of TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	44-53
9660578-11	1998	At 6 months, TNF-alpha plasma concentrations were significantly lower in the pentoxifylline-treated group than in the placebo group (2.1 [1.0] vs 6.5 [5.0] pg/mL, p=0.001).	Pentoxifylline	77-91	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	13-22
9529028-4	1998	GM-CSF toxicity may be mediated by TNF, and inhibition of TNF release by pentoxifylline (PTX) may ameliorate these toxic effects.	Pentoxifylline	89-92	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	58-61
9529028-5	1998	The authors conducted a Phase II trial to determine the activity of GM-CSF in metastatic RCC and to study the effect of PTX on GM-CSF toxicity.	Pentoxifylline	120-123	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	127-133
9745615-4	1998	We have used pentoxifylline, a potent G2 delay abrogator, to study the expression of an essential component of the mitosis promoting complex (MPF), cyclin B1.	Pentoxifylline	13-27	cyclin B1	Homo sapiens	148-157
9608925-5	1998	Pentoxifylline, used with good effect in arteriopathy of the lower limbs, affects numerous leukocytic functions: diminution in adherence and in PMN production of free radicals, diminution in the formation of TF and cytokines (TNF).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	208-210
9745615-5	1998	Cyclin B1/G2 ratios are used to show that irradiation induces a decrease in cyclin B1 expression and that pentoxifylline restores cyclin B1 expression to control level.	Pentoxifylline	106-120	cyclin B1	Homo sapiens	0-9
9745615-5	1998	Cyclin B1/G2 ratios are used to show that irradiation induces a decrease in cyclin B1 expression and that pentoxifylline restores cyclin B1 expression to control level.	Pentoxifylline	106-120	cyclin B1	Homo sapiens	130-139
9745615-6	1998	This confirms that suppression of cyclin B1 plays a role in the formation of the G2 cell cycle delay, and that elevating cyclin B1 expression is part of the mechanism of action of pentoxifylline on G2 blocked cells.	Pentoxifylline	180-194	cyclin B1	Homo sapiens	121-130
9730259-0	1998	Inhibition of anti-CD3 antibody-induced mouse T cell activation by pentoxifylline in combination with rapamycin or A77 1726 (leflunomide).	Pentoxifylline	67-81	CD3 antigen, epsilon polypeptide	Mus musculus	19-22
9564459-1	1998	The purpose of this study was to examine the association between experimental rhinovirus infection and the elaboration of interleukin-8 (IL-8) into nasal secretions of volunteers and to determine the effect of pentoxifylline on IL-8 elaboration and rhinovirus-associated common cold symptoms.	Pentoxifylline	210-224	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	228-232
9730259-9	1998	CD25 expression was only weakly inhibited by A77 1726, but the percentage of CD25-expressing cells was greatly reduced in cultures treated with PTX or RAP.	Pentoxifylline	144-147	interleukin 2 receptor, alpha chain	Mus musculus	77-81
9730259-10	1998	The combination of PTX and RAP had an additive inhibitory effect on CD25 expression while PTX and A77 1726 together had an effect equivalent to PTX alone.	Pentoxifylline	19-22	interleukin 2 receptor, alpha chain	Mus musculus	68-72
9730259-11	1998	IL-2 synthesis was inhibited by PTX but was unaffected by RAP or A77 1726.	Pentoxifylline	32-35	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	0-4
9730259-12	1998	Treatment with PTX plus RAP led to a further reduction in IL-2 production but co-treatment with PTX and A77 1726 approximated the inhibitory effect of PTX alone.	Pentoxifylline	15-18	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	58-62
9608925-5	1998	Pentoxifylline, used with good effect in arteriopathy of the lower limbs, affects numerous leukocytic functions: diminution in adherence and in PMN production of free radicals, diminution in the formation of TF and cytokines (TNF).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	226-229
9525497-9	1998	The results demonstrate that human colon and cervical cancer cells characterized by a mutated or disrupted p53 (i.e. not transfected) are radiosensitized by PTX, which alleviates the postirradiation G2/M-phase block.	Pentoxifylline	157-160	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	107-110
9760817-0	1998	[The effect of pentoxifylline on oxidative metabolism in neutrophils primed with tumor necrosis factor alpha in patients with stable angina pectoris].	Pentoxifylline	15-29	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	81-108
9525624-7	1998	Furthermore, using pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of NF-kappaB activation, we demonstrate that the NF-kappaB-mediated IL-6 activation by NS1 is uncoupled from the apoptotic pathway.	Pentoxifylline	19-33	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	116-120
9525624-7	1998	Furthermore, using pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of NF-kappaB activation, we demonstrate that the NF-kappaB-mediated IL-6 activation by NS1 is uncoupled from the apoptotic pathway.	Pentoxifylline	19-33	influenza virus NS1A binding protein	Homo sapiens	135-138
9519890-2	1998	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is able to suppress the production of TNF-alpha in vitro.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	59-68
9625384-2	1998	Pentoxyfylline and thalidomide are inhibitors of TNF-alpha that have been tried as rational therapeutic interventions in cachexia.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	49-58
9630836-0	1998	Pentoxifylline potentiates nitric oxide production and growth suppression in interferon-gamma-treated L929 fibroblasts.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	77-93
9630836-2	1998	We showed that both IFN-gamma (200 U/ml)-induced NO production and inhibition of [3H]thymidine uptake by L929 cells were potentiated in a synergistic fashion in the presence of PTX (200 micrograms/ml).	Pentoxifylline	177-180	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	20-29
9519890-2	1998	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is able to suppress the production of TNF-alpha in vitro.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	59-68
9519890-6	1998	The average plasma concentration of PTX after infusion of 1.5 mg/min for 6 hr was 510+/-56 ng/ml, which is considerably below the concentrations that have been reported to suppress TNF-alpha production in vitro.	Pentoxifylline	36-39	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	181-190
9517388-4	1998	Activation of CFTR channels was obtained with 3-mono, 1,3-di or 1,3,7-tri-substituted alkyl xanthine derivatives (enprofylline, theophylline, aminophylline, IBMX, DPMX and pentoxifylline).	Pentoxifylline	172-186	cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator	Cricetulus griseus	14-18
9515581-8	1998	Recent evidence suggests that inhibition of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) results in higher levels of pentoxifylline and M-1 and may be responsible for the production of the novel, potent metabolite (M-1R).	Pentoxifylline	101-115	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 2	Rattus norvegicus	44-63
9515581-8	1998	Recent evidence suggests that inhibition of cytochrome P450 1A2 (CYP1A2) results in higher levels of pentoxifylline and M-1 and may be responsible for the production of the novel, potent metabolite (M-1R).	Pentoxifylline	101-115	cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 2	Rattus norvegicus	65-71
9486215-9	1998	PTX partially reversed TNF-alpha-but not TPA-mediated inhibition of SP-A and SP-B mRNAs without altering NF-kappa B binding.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	surfactant protein B	Homo sapiens	77-81
9546416-5	1998	After 6 hr of high-dose PTX treatment, TNF and IL-6 levels significantly decreased while an increase in TNF and IL-6 levels was seen after 6 hr of low-dose PTX or placebo treatment (P &lt; 0.01).	Pentoxifylline	24-27	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	39-42
9546416-5	1998	After 6 hr of high-dose PTX treatment, TNF and IL-6 levels significantly decreased while an increase in TNF and IL-6 levels was seen after 6 hr of low-dose PTX or placebo treatment (P &lt; 0.01).	Pentoxifylline	24-27	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	47-51
9546416-5	1998	After 6 hr of high-dose PTX treatment, TNF and IL-6 levels significantly decreased while an increase in TNF and IL-6 levels was seen after 6 hr of low-dose PTX or placebo treatment (P &lt; 0.01).	Pentoxifylline	156-159	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	104-107
9546416-5	1998	After 6 hr of high-dose PTX treatment, TNF and IL-6 levels significantly decreased while an increase in TNF and IL-6 levels was seen after 6 hr of low-dose PTX or placebo treatment (P &lt; 0.01).	Pentoxifylline	156-159	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	112-116
9546416-6	1998	After 12 and 24 hr of high-dose PTX infusion, TNF-receptor plasma concentrations were lower than in low-dose PTX- or placebo-treated patients (P &lt; 0.01), whereas no differences between the groups with regard to IL-6 receptor levels were observed.	Pentoxifylline	32-35	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	46-49
9546416-7	1998	We conclude that 40 mg/kg/day of PTX reduces plasma levels of TNF, IL-6, and TNF-receptor in patients with severe malaria.	Pentoxifylline	33-36	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	62-65
9546416-7	1998	We conclude that 40 mg/kg/day of PTX reduces plasma levels of TNF, IL-6, and TNF-receptor in patients with severe malaria.	Pentoxifylline	33-36	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	67-71
9546416-7	1998	We conclude that 40 mg/kg/day of PTX reduces plasma levels of TNF, IL-6, and TNF-receptor in patients with severe malaria.	Pentoxifylline	33-36	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	77-80
9614845-0	1998	Comparison of pentoxifylline, thalidomide and prednisone in the treatment of ENL.	Pentoxifylline	14-28	MLLT1 super elongation complex subunit	Homo sapiens	77-80
9486215-5	1998	Pentoxifylline (PTX), which inhibits TNF-alpha cellular effects without preventing NF-kappa B activation, was also tested.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	37-46
9486215-5	1998	Pentoxifylline (PTX), which inhibits TNF-alpha cellular effects without preventing NF-kappa B activation, was also tested.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	37-46
9486215-9	1998	PTX partially reversed TNF-alpha-but not TPA-mediated inhibition of SP-A and SP-B mRNAs without altering NF-kappa B binding.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	23-32
9486396-0	1998	Pentoxifylline decreases in vivo and in vitro tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production in lepromatous leprosy patients with erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	76-85
9486396-3	1998	The effect of PTX on TNF-alpha production was examined in leprosy patients at the protein level and at the transcriptional level as well.	Pentoxifylline	14-17	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	21-30
9486396-9	1998	A reduction of inducible TNF-alpha in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was seen after 1-2 weeks of in vivo administration of PTX.	Pentoxifylline	134-137	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	25-34
9486396-12	1998	The amount of TNF-alpha mRNA was increased in the tissue during ENL compared with before the reaction, and decreased thereafter following treatment for reaction (either PTX or thalidomide).	Pentoxifylline	169-172	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	14-23
9486396-13	1998	These data suggest that PTX inhibits TNF-alpha production in ENL patients both in vivo and in vitro, and it may be useful in the treatment of leprosy patients undergoing ENL.	Pentoxifylline	24-27	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	37-46
14517383-9	1998	The neovascular response was inhibited by simultaneous administration of TNF-alpha antibody or pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of TNF-alpha synthesis.	Pentoxifylline	95-109	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	127-136
9644296-5	1998	In addition, PTX enhanced tRA-induced growth inhibition and differentiation of promyelocytic HL-60 leukemic cells, but suppressed respiratory burst activation by the immature granulocytic HL-60 cells and suppressed CD11b adhesion molecule expression by mature granulocytes.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	215-220
9561559-6	1998	RESULTS: the TNF bioassay revealed high levels of TNF (30.2 +/- 5.4 U/ml, 35.0 +/- 5.0 U/ml and 36.6 +/- 6.0 U/ml) in the control group at 6, 24 and 48 h and (54.1 +/- 20 U/ml and 10.9 +/- 4.2 U/ml) in the pentoxifylline-treated group at 6 and 24 h, respectively, whereas the level had decreased to zero in the pentoxifylline-treated group at 48 h. The IL-6 bioassay likewise demonstrated high levels of IL-6 in the control group at 48 h and in the pentoxifylline-treated group at 6 and 24 h, and markedly decreased levels in the pentoxifylline-treated group at 48 h (7083 +/- 2844 pg/ml, 6463 +/- 1307 pg/ml, 10,329 +/- 5571 pg/ml vs 137.5 +/- 85.5 pg/ml, respectively, P &lt; 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	206-220	tumor necrosis factor-like	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
9670713-0	1998	[Changes in blood enzyme activity and tumor necrosis factor level in the treatment of experimental pancreatitis with pentoxifylline].	Pentoxifylline	117-131	tumor necrosis factor-like	Rattus norvegicus	38-59
9670713-2	1998	Intraperitoneal application of pentoxifylline in 100 mg/kg dose twice daily have promoted the significant lowering of TNF contents, the amylase and trypsin activity as well, and the TAI concentration increase.	Pentoxifylline	31-45	tumor necrosis factor-like	Rattus norvegicus	118-121
9561559-6	1998	RESULTS: the TNF bioassay revealed high levels of TNF (30.2 +/- 5.4 U/ml, 35.0 +/- 5.0 U/ml and 36.6 +/- 6.0 U/ml) in the control group at 6, 24 and 48 h and (54.1 +/- 20 U/ml and 10.9 +/- 4.2 U/ml) in the pentoxifylline-treated group at 6 and 24 h, respectively, whereas the level had decreased to zero in the pentoxifylline-treated group at 48 h. The IL-6 bioassay likewise demonstrated high levels of IL-6 in the control group at 48 h and in the pentoxifylline-treated group at 6 and 24 h, and markedly decreased levels in the pentoxifylline-treated group at 48 h (7083 +/- 2844 pg/ml, 6463 +/- 1307 pg/ml, 10,329 +/- 5571 pg/ml vs 137.5 +/- 85.5 pg/ml, respectively, P &lt; 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	311-325	tumor necrosis factor-like	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
9561559-6	1998	RESULTS: the TNF bioassay revealed high levels of TNF (30.2 +/- 5.4 U/ml, 35.0 +/- 5.0 U/ml and 36.6 +/- 6.0 U/ml) in the control group at 6, 24 and 48 h and (54.1 +/- 20 U/ml and 10.9 +/- 4.2 U/ml) in the pentoxifylline-treated group at 6 and 24 h, respectively, whereas the level had decreased to zero in the pentoxifylline-treated group at 48 h. The IL-6 bioassay likewise demonstrated high levels of IL-6 in the control group at 48 h and in the pentoxifylline-treated group at 6 and 24 h, and markedly decreased levels in the pentoxifylline-treated group at 48 h (7083 +/- 2844 pg/ml, 6463 +/- 1307 pg/ml, 10,329 +/- 5571 pg/ml vs 137.5 +/- 85.5 pg/ml, respectively, P &lt; 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	311-325	tumor necrosis factor-like	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
9561559-6	1998	RESULTS: the TNF bioassay revealed high levels of TNF (30.2 +/- 5.4 U/ml, 35.0 +/- 5.0 U/ml and 36.6 +/- 6.0 U/ml) in the control group at 6, 24 and 48 h and (54.1 +/- 20 U/ml and 10.9 +/- 4.2 U/ml) in the pentoxifylline-treated group at 6 and 24 h, respectively, whereas the level had decreased to zero in the pentoxifylline-treated group at 48 h. The IL-6 bioassay likewise demonstrated high levels of IL-6 in the control group at 48 h and in the pentoxifylline-treated group at 6 and 24 h, and markedly decreased levels in the pentoxifylline-treated group at 48 h (7083 +/- 2844 pg/ml, 6463 +/- 1307 pg/ml, 10,329 +/- 5571 pg/ml vs 137.5 +/- 85.5 pg/ml, respectively, P &lt; 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	311-325	tumor necrosis factor-like	Rattus norvegicus	13-16
9476267-0	1997	An open study of the anti-TNF alpha agent pentoxifylline in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.	Pentoxifylline	42-56	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	26-35
9704061-3	1997	A mitigating anti-inflammatory effect can be experimentally induced in septic shock by TNF blockers, such as pentoxifylline, and is also suggested for treatment with hrG-CSF.	Pentoxifylline	109-123	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	87-90
9704061-5	1997	To this end, we studied the effects of pentoxifylline on TNF- and G-CSF-induced modulation of neutrophil chemotaxis and O2 release.	Pentoxifylline	39-53	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	57-60
9704061-5	1997	To this end, we studied the effects of pentoxifylline on TNF- and G-CSF-induced modulation of neutrophil chemotaxis and O2 release.	Pentoxifylline	39-53	colony stimulating factor 3	Homo sapiens	66-71
9704061-7	1997	High-dose pentoxifylline (1 mM) was able to counteract the effect of TNF but not that of G-CSF on neutrophil migration.	Pentoxifylline	10-24	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	69-72
9704061-9	1997	In contrast, pre-exposure of cells to pentoxifylline followed by washing increased the priming effect of TNF or hrG-CSF on neutrophil respiratory burst activity.	Pentoxifylline	38-52	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	105-108
9704061-9	1997	In contrast, pre-exposure of cells to pentoxifylline followed by washing increased the priming effect of TNF or hrG-CSF on neutrophil respiratory burst activity.	Pentoxifylline	38-52	histidine rich glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	112-115
9704061-9	1997	In contrast, pre-exposure of cells to pentoxifylline followed by washing increased the priming effect of TNF or hrG-CSF on neutrophil respiratory burst activity.	Pentoxifylline	38-52	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	116-119
9704061-12	1997	Results suggest that by blocking the inflammatory action of TNF on neutrophils, pentoxifylline may diminish endothelial cell damage caused by inhibited neutrophil chemotaxis.	Pentoxifylline	80-94	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	60-63
9704061-13	1997	On the other hand, since transiently present pentoxifylline may enhance the respiratory burst activity of TNF- or hrG-CSF-primed neutrophils, concomitant administration of pentoxifylline and hrG-CSF to patients with SIRS/sepsis might diminish beneficial effects of the latter and additional deleterious effects might occur.	Pentoxifylline	45-59	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	106-110
9704061-13	1997	On the other hand, since transiently present pentoxifylline may enhance the respiratory burst activity of TNF- or hrG-CSF-primed neutrophils, concomitant administration of pentoxifylline and hrG-CSF to patients with SIRS/sepsis might diminish beneficial effects of the latter and additional deleterious effects might occur.	Pentoxifylline	45-59	histidine rich glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	114-117
9704061-13	1997	On the other hand, since transiently present pentoxifylline may enhance the respiratory burst activity of TNF- or hrG-CSF-primed neutrophils, concomitant administration of pentoxifylline and hrG-CSF to patients with SIRS/sepsis might diminish beneficial effects of the latter and additional deleterious effects might occur.	Pentoxifylline	45-59	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	118-121
9704061-13	1997	On the other hand, since transiently present pentoxifylline may enhance the respiratory burst activity of TNF- or hrG-CSF-primed neutrophils, concomitant administration of pentoxifylline and hrG-CSF to patients with SIRS/sepsis might diminish beneficial effects of the latter and additional deleterious effects might occur.	Pentoxifylline	45-59	histidine rich glycoprotein	Homo sapiens	191-194
9414135-0	1997	Effects of tumor necrosis factor and pentoxifylline on ICAM-1 expression on human polymorphonuclear granulocytes.	Pentoxifylline	37-51	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	55-61
9414135-3	1997	The S. aureus-induced stimulation of ICAM-1 expression was inhibited by pentoxifylline (PTX).	Pentoxifylline	72-86	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	37-43
9414135-3	1997	The S. aureus-induced stimulation of ICAM-1 expression was inhibited by pentoxifylline (PTX).	Pentoxifylline	88-91	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	37-43
9414135-4	1997	As TNF is a potent inducer of ICAM-1 expression, it is concluded that in these experiments the inhibition of TNF production by PTX concomitantly resulted in the inhibition of the upregulation of ICAM-1.	Pentoxifylline	127-130	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	3-6
9414135-4	1997	As TNF is a potent inducer of ICAM-1 expression, it is concluded that in these experiments the inhibition of TNF production by PTX concomitantly resulted in the inhibition of the upregulation of ICAM-1.	Pentoxifylline	127-130	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	30-36
9414135-4	1997	As TNF is a potent inducer of ICAM-1 expression, it is concluded that in these experiments the inhibition of TNF production by PTX concomitantly resulted in the inhibition of the upregulation of ICAM-1.	Pentoxifylline	127-130	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	109-112
9414135-4	1997	As TNF is a potent inducer of ICAM-1 expression, it is concluded that in these experiments the inhibition of TNF production by PTX concomitantly resulted in the inhibition of the upregulation of ICAM-1.	Pentoxifylline	127-130	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	195-201
9423806-6	1997	Short-term treatment by Pentoxifylline and dibutyryl cAMP also completely prevented induced TF up-regulation, but remained without effect on baseline levels of quiescent, unstimulated cells.	Pentoxifylline	24-38	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	92-94
12671284-9	1998	In 7-days-old rats, NMDA antagonists protected against primary excitotoxic damage but increased severity of secondary apoptotic damage whereas the free radical scavenger SPBN, the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor pentoxifylline and the antioxidant N-acetylcystein mitigated apoptotic damage.	Pentoxifylline	218-232	tumor necrosis factor-like	Rattus norvegicus	180-201
12671284-9	1998	In 7-days-old rats, NMDA antagonists protected against primary excitotoxic damage but increased severity of secondary apoptotic damage whereas the free radical scavenger SPBN, the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor pentoxifylline and the antioxidant N-acetylcystein mitigated apoptotic damage.	Pentoxifylline	218-232	tumor necrosis factor-like	Rattus norvegicus	203-206
9704061-13	1997	On the other hand, since transiently present pentoxifylline may enhance the respiratory burst activity of TNF- or hrG-CSF-primed neutrophils, concomitant administration of pentoxifylline and hrG-CSF to patients with SIRS/sepsis might diminish beneficial effects of the latter and additional deleterious effects might occur.	Pentoxifylline	45-59	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	195-198
9394024-0	1997	Cytochrome P450 isozymes involved in lisofylline metabolism to pentoxifylline in human liver microsomes.	Pentoxifylline	63-77	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	0-15
9394024-1	1997	We describe the kinetics of pentoxifylline formation from lisofylline in human liver microsomes using selective inhibitors of cytochrome P450 isozymes, correlation studies with specific isozyme activities, and cDNA-expressed human CYP1A2 and 2E1.	Pentoxifylline	28-42	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	126-141
9394024-1	1997	We describe the kinetics of pentoxifylline formation from lisofylline in human liver microsomes using selective inhibitors of cytochrome P450 isozymes, correlation studies with specific isozyme activities, and cDNA-expressed human CYP1A2 and 2E1.	Pentoxifylline	28-42	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2	Homo sapiens	231-237
9394024-5	1997	At 5 microM of lisofylline the CYP1A2 inhibitor, furafylline, inhibited pentoxifylline formation by 58.8%, and the nonspecific CYP2E1 inhibitor, diethyldithiocarbamate, inhibited pentoxifylline formation by 21.7%.	Pentoxifylline	72-86	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2	Homo sapiens	31-37
9394024-5	1997	At 5 microM of lisofylline the CYP1A2 inhibitor, furafylline, inhibited pentoxifylline formation by 58.8%, and the nonspecific CYP2E1 inhibitor, diethyldithiocarbamate, inhibited pentoxifylline formation by 21.7%.	Pentoxifylline	179-193	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2	Homo sapiens	31-37
9394024-7	1997	Microsomal CYP1A2 activity correlated with pentoxifylline formation (r2 = 0.870, p &lt; 0.001).	Pentoxifylline	43-57	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2	Homo sapiens	11-17
9394024-9	1997	Baculovirus insect cell expressed human CYP1A2 formed pentoxifylline at 0.987 nmol/min/nmol cytochrome P450 at 5 microM lisofylline.	Pentoxifylline	54-68	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2	Homo sapiens	40-46
9394024-9	1997	Baculovirus insect cell expressed human CYP1A2 formed pentoxifylline at 0.987 nmol/min/nmol cytochrome P450 at 5 microM lisofylline.	Pentoxifylline	54-68	cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3	Homo sapiens	92-107
9394024-11	1997	Diethyldithiocarbamate inhibited pentoxifylline formation by 85.7% in cDNA expressed CYP1A2.	Pentoxifylline	33-47	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2	Homo sapiens	85-91
9394024-12	1997	We conclude that CYP1A2 is the high affinity enzyme catalyzing pentoxifylline formation from lisofylline.	Pentoxifylline	63-77	cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2	Homo sapiens	17-23
9476267-2	1997	Pentoxifylline is an anti-TNF alpha agent that is easier to handle than antibodies.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	26-35
9361895-6	1997	Pentoxifylline given before endotoxin resulted in significantly higher 6-keto-PGF1 concentration at 1.5 hours and significantly lower PAI-1 activity at 12 hours.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	serpin family E member 1	Equus caballus	134-139
9354686-8	1997	A dosedependent inhibition of PMA-induced VEGF secretion was observed when the cells were incubated in the presence of pentoxifylline, a methylxanthine known to inhibit neutrophil degranulation.	Pentoxifylline	119-133	vascular endothelial growth factor A	Homo sapiens	42-46
9432636-6	1997	It was found that pentoxifylline (Ptx) was able to inhibit significantly the HLA-DR expression and glycosaminoglycan synthesis induced by inflammatory cytokines including TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-1.	Pentoxifylline	18-32	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	171-180
9432636-6	1997	It was found that pentoxifylline (Ptx) was able to inhibit significantly the HLA-DR expression and glycosaminoglycan synthesis induced by inflammatory cytokines including TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-1.	Pentoxifylline	18-32	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	182-191
9432636-6	1997	It was found that pentoxifylline (Ptx) was able to inhibit significantly the HLA-DR expression and glycosaminoglycan synthesis induced by inflammatory cytokines including TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-1.	Pentoxifylline	18-32	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	196-200
9432636-6	1997	It was found that pentoxifylline (Ptx) was able to inhibit significantly the HLA-DR expression and glycosaminoglycan synthesis induced by inflammatory cytokines including TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-1.	Pentoxifylline	34-37	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	171-180
9432636-6	1997	It was found that pentoxifylline (Ptx) was able to inhibit significantly the HLA-DR expression and glycosaminoglycan synthesis induced by inflammatory cytokines including TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-1.	Pentoxifylline	34-37	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	182-191
9432636-6	1997	It was found that pentoxifylline (Ptx) was able to inhibit significantly the HLA-DR expression and glycosaminoglycan synthesis induced by inflammatory cytokines including TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-1.	Pentoxifylline	34-37	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	196-200
9432636-16	1997	After 4 weeks Ptx treatment the TNF-alpha decreased significantly in responders compared to non-responders (20.9 +/- 4.8 pg/ml v. s. 28.3 +/- 6.1 pg/ml) (p &lt; 0.01).	Pentoxifylline	14-17	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	32-41
9361895-7	1997	Tumor necrosis factor and IL-6 activities in horses given PTX alone were not significantly different from values in those given the saline bolus.	Pentoxifylline	58-61	interleukin 6	Equus caballus	26-30
9361895-10	1997	Horses of the FM and FM/PTX groups had significantly higher IL-6 activity at 1.5 and 2 hours than did horses of the PTX and ENDO groups; those of the FM and FM/PTX groups had significantly lower WBC count than did those of the PTX and ENDO groups.	Pentoxifylline	24-27	interleukin 6	Equus caballus	60-64
9486115-2	1997	The aim of this study was to investigate effects of pentoxifylline (PTX), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor with immunomodulatory properties, on NO production and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression in rat astrocytes and macrophages.	Pentoxifylline	52-66	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	159-180
9374707-5	1997	These changes were prevented by pentoxifylline, which also decreased CCl4-induced hepatic injury.	Pentoxifylline	32-46	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	69-73
9374707-6	1997	As expected, cAMP-mediated phosphorylation of CREB-Ser133 was induced in vivo in stellate cells by pentoxifylline but not by its metabolite 5, an N-1 carboxypropyl derivative, which lacks phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity.	Pentoxifylline	99-113	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
9374707-8	1997	Treatment with pentoxifylline or metabolite 5 prevented the molecular abnormalities characteristic of stellate cell activation induced by CCl4.	Pentoxifylline	15-29	C-C motif chemokine ligand 4	Rattus norvegicus	138-142
9486115-2	1997	The aim of this study was to investigate effects of pentoxifylline (PTX), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor with immunomodulatory properties, on NO production and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression in rat astrocytes and macrophages.	Pentoxifylline	68-71	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	159-180
9486115-3	1997	We have shown that PTX affects cytokine (interferon-gamma, IFN-gamma; interleukin-1, IL-1; tumour-necrosis factor-alpha, TNF-alpha)-induced NO production in both cell types, but in the opposite manner--enhancing in astrocytes and suppressive in macrophages.	Pentoxifylline	19-22	interferon gamma	Rattus norvegicus	41-57
9401768-0	1997	Effect of pentoxifylline on the degradation of procollagen type I produced by human hepatic stellate cells in response to transforming growth factor-beta 1.	Pentoxifylline	10-24	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	122-155
9401768-14	1997	Accordingly incubation with PTF increased the levels of "activated MMP-1" in cell supernatants in both basal and stimulated conditions.	Pentoxifylline	28-31	matrix metallopeptidase 1	Homo sapiens	67-72
9486115-3	1997	We have shown that PTX affects cytokine (interferon-gamma, IFN-gamma; interleukin-1, IL-1; tumour-necrosis factor-alpha, TNF-alpha)-induced NO production in both cell types, but in the opposite manner--enhancing in astrocytes and suppressive in macrophages.	Pentoxifylline	19-22	interferon gamma	Rattus norvegicus	59-68
9486115-2	1997	The aim of this study was to investigate effects of pentoxifylline (PTX), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor with immunomodulatory properties, on NO production and inducible NO synthase (iNOS) mRNA expression in rat astrocytes and macrophages.	Pentoxifylline	52-66	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	182-186
9486115-3	1997	We have shown that PTX affects cytokine (interferon-gamma, IFN-gamma; interleukin-1, IL-1; tumour-necrosis factor-alpha, TNF-alpha)-induced NO production in both cell types, but in the opposite manner--enhancing in astrocytes and suppressive in macrophages.	Pentoxifylline	19-22	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	121-130
9486115-4	1997	While PTX did not have any effect on enzymatic activity of iNOS in activated cells, expression of iNOS mRNA was elevated in astrocytes and decreased in macrophages treated with cytokines and PTX.	Pentoxifylline	191-194	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	98-102
9350678-10	1997	Pharmacological therapy of protein catabolism in chronic uremia may include the administration of pentoxifylline, which has been shown to decrease protein degradation by interfering with the TNF-alpha system (that is, TNF-alpha and its soluble receptors) in experimental models.	Pentoxifylline	98-112	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	191-200
9409530-0	1997	Inhibitory effect on LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor in calves treated with chlorpromazine or pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	96-110	tumor necrosis factor	Bos taurus	33-54
9409530-4	1997	But the pretreatment of PTX hardly reduced the increase of serum TNF levels and endotoxin shock.	Pentoxifylline	24-27	tumor necrosis factor	Bos taurus	65-68
9350678-10	1997	Pharmacological therapy of protein catabolism in chronic uremia may include the administration of pentoxifylline, which has been shown to decrease protein degradation by interfering with the TNF-alpha system (that is, TNF-alpha and its soluble receptors) in experimental models.	Pentoxifylline	98-112	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	218-227
9415035-4	1997	The requirement of TNF-alpha biosynthesis in the LPS-induced priming was also suggested by the observation that both anti-TNF-alpha serum and pentoxifylline inhibited this effect.	Pentoxifylline	142-156	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	19-28
9415035-6	1997	We found however, that pentoxifylline, which blocked the priming, also decreased the level of membrane-bound TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	23-37	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	109-118
9378738-9	1997	Phosphodiesterase inhibitors, such as isobutyryl methylxanthine and pentoxifylline, which increase intracellular levels of cAMP, caused a decrease in the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and an increase in the production of interleukin-6.	Pentoxifylline	68-82	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	123-127
9378738-9	1997	Phosphodiesterase inhibitors, such as isobutyryl methylxanthine and pentoxifylline, which increase intracellular levels of cAMP, caused a decrease in the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and an increase in the production of interleukin-6.	Pentoxifylline	68-82	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	168-195
9378738-9	1997	Phosphodiesterase inhibitors, such as isobutyryl methylxanthine and pentoxifylline, which increase intracellular levels of cAMP, caused a decrease in the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and an increase in the production of interleukin-6.	Pentoxifylline	68-82	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	233-246
9356239-11	1997	Compared with those of a control group, the serum levels of TNF-alpha, GST-alpha, and AST in the PTX-pretreated groups were significantly lower after both CI and WI at 30 min and further suppressed in the WI group at 24 hr.	Pentoxifylline	97-100	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	60-69
9356239-11	1997	Compared with those of a control group, the serum levels of TNF-alpha, GST-alpha, and AST in the PTX-pretreated groups were significantly lower after both CI and WI at 30 min and further suppressed in the WI group at 24 hr.	Pentoxifylline	97-100	solute carrier family 17 member 5	Homo sapiens	86-89
9329035-0	1997	Pentoxifylline suppression of TNF-alpha mediated axonal degeneration in the rabbit optic nerve.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	30-39
9329035-4	1997	Degenerated axonal profiles were numerous in control rabbit optic nerve (mean 1879) and reduced in rabbits receiving the medium dose of pentoxifylline (300 mg PO BID, mean 439, p &lt; 0.001) and the highest dose of pentoxifylline (600 mg PO BID, mean 120, p &lt; 0.007).	Pentoxifylline	136-150	BH3-interacting domain death agonist	Oryctolagus cuniculus	162-165
9329035-5	1997	High dose pentoxifylline reduced TNF-alpha-induced axonal losses to less than 10% that seen without pentoxifylline pretreatment.	Pentoxifylline	10-24	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	33-42
9329035-5	1997	High dose pentoxifylline reduced TNF-alpha-induced axonal losses to less than 10% that seen without pentoxifylline pretreatment.	Pentoxifylline	100-114	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	33-42
9329035-7	1997	Our results suggest that TNF-alpha-mediated axonal degeneration can be suppressed by high doses of pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	99-113	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	25-34
9251897-8	1997	The most relevant clinical results are the therapeutic benefits of PTX in attenuating the effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in conditions such as septic shock.	Pentoxifylline	67-70	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	101-128
9380280-13	1997	In rats treated with pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of TNF alpha synthesis, the adrenocortical response to M. fermentans was markedly inhibited.	Pentoxifylline	21-35	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	53-62
9313774-1	1997	Relatively low concentrations of pentoxifylline caused a stimulation of random migration, while high concentrations inhibited chemotactic migration activated by formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP).	Pentoxifylline	33-47	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	200-204
9325467-4	1997	Pentoxifylline (Trental 400) significantly reduced blood and plasma viscosity (at high and low shear-rates), fibrinogen and erythrocyte aggregation, and increased erythrocyte filterability throughout the study.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	109-119
9325467-4	1997	Pentoxifylline (Trental 400) significantly reduced blood and plasma viscosity (at high and low shear-rates), fibrinogen and erythrocyte aggregation, and increased erythrocyte filterability throughout the study.	Pentoxifylline	16-23	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	109-119
9251897-8	1997	The most relevant clinical results are the therapeutic benefits of PTX in attenuating the effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in conditions such as septic shock.	Pentoxifylline	67-70	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	130-139
9188632-4	1997	However, the alleviation of Vpr-induced G2 arrest by treatment with the drug pentoxifylline did not abrogate apoptosis.	Pentoxifylline	77-91	Vpr	Human immunodeficiency virus 1	28-31
9293391-0	1997	Differential modulation of IL-8 and TNF-alpha expression in human keratinocytes by buflomedil chlorhydrate and pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	111-125	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	27-31
9293391-0	1997	Differential modulation of IL-8 and TNF-alpha expression in human keratinocytes by buflomedil chlorhydrate and pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	111-125	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	36-45
9293391-12	1997	PTX and BC reduced TPA-induced IL-1 alpha and beta expression.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	31-41
9299283-3	1997	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is known to inhibit the expression of many cytokines, including TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	85-94
9299283-3	1997	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is known to inhibit the expression of many cytokines, including TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	85-94
9259113-4	1997	Plasma fibrinogen levels showed a significant reduction in both groups, in patients with high basal levels (&gt; or = 350 mg/dl), the reduction being earlier in Sdx group (2nd month of therapy) than in Ptx group (4th month of therapy).	Pentoxifylline	202-205	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	7-17
9271316-0	1997	Augmentation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced priming of fMet-Leu-Phe-stimulated neutrophils by pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	102-116	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	16-43
9271316-2	1997	We investigated the effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on TNF-induced respiratory burst activity of the PMNL.	Pentoxifylline	30-44	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	54-57
9271316-2	1997	We investigated the effect of pentoxifylline (PTX) on TNF-induced respiratory burst activity of the PMNL.	Pentoxifylline	46-49	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	54-57
9271316-3	1997	Since PTX has been reported to influence TNF-induced PMNL functions, our studies focused on the effects of timing and duration of the presence of PTX on superoxide anion production by PMNL exposed to TNF.	Pentoxifylline	146-149	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	200-203
9271316-4	1997	When PMNL are exposed to PTX prior to priming with TNF and triggering with fMLP, respiratory burst activity was significantly enhanced by PTX, whereas the stimulatory effect of TNF was completely blunted by the continuous presence of PTX.	Pentoxifylline	25-28	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	51-54
9271316-4	1997	When PMNL are exposed to PTX prior to priming with TNF and triggering with fMLP, respiratory burst activity was significantly enhanced by PTX, whereas the stimulatory effect of TNF was completely blunted by the continuous presence of PTX.	Pentoxifylline	25-28	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	75-79
9271316-4	1997	When PMNL are exposed to PTX prior to priming with TNF and triggering with fMLP, respiratory burst activity was significantly enhanced by PTX, whereas the stimulatory effect of TNF was completely blunted by the continuous presence of PTX.	Pentoxifylline	25-28	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	177-180
9271316-4	1997	When PMNL are exposed to PTX prior to priming with TNF and triggering with fMLP, respiratory burst activity was significantly enhanced by PTX, whereas the stimulatory effect of TNF was completely blunted by the continuous presence of PTX.	Pentoxifylline	138-141	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	75-79
9271316-4	1997	When PMNL are exposed to PTX prior to priming with TNF and triggering with fMLP, respiratory burst activity was significantly enhanced by PTX, whereas the stimulatory effect of TNF was completely blunted by the continuous presence of PTX.	Pentoxifylline	138-141	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	75-79
9271316-5	1997	Since free radical-scavenging properties of PTX have only recently been identified and may explain inhibitory effects on TNF-induced respiratory burst reported in the literature, our data for the first time suggests additive priming actions of PTX and TNF on PMNL respiratory burst activity.	Pentoxifylline	44-47	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	121-124
9271316-5	1997	Since free radical-scavenging properties of PTX have only recently been identified and may explain inhibitory effects on TNF-induced respiratory burst reported in the literature, our data for the first time suggests additive priming actions of PTX and TNF on PMNL respiratory burst activity.	Pentoxifylline	44-47	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	252-255
9271316-5	1997	Since free radical-scavenging properties of PTX have only recently been identified and may explain inhibitory effects on TNF-induced respiratory burst reported in the literature, our data for the first time suggests additive priming actions of PTX and TNF on PMNL respiratory burst activity.	Pentoxifylline	244-247	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	121-124
9219735-10	1997	PTX also increased membrane fluidity of the Neuro2a cells and significantly decreased tumor cell adhesion to fibronectin-coated microtiter wells (P &lt; 0.01).	Pentoxifylline	0-3	fibronectin 1	Mus musculus	109-120
9200098-13	1997	The authors conclude that pentoxifylline pretreatment before reperfusion stabilizes blood flow, decreases MPO and MDA levels to the normal, and attenuates but not completely prevents mucosal damage.	Pentoxifylline	26-40	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	106-109
9193837-2	1997	Pentoxifylline (PTX) has been shown to suppress TNF alpha (released by activated macrophages, inhibiting subsequent superoxide anion release from neutrophil activation.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	48-57
9193837-2	1997	Pentoxifylline (PTX) has been shown to suppress TNF alpha (released by activated macrophages, inhibiting subsequent superoxide anion release from neutrophil activation.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	48-57
9193837-3	1997	In addition, PTX decreases cyclosporine (CsA) induced renal endothelial release and vasoconstriction.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit	Homo sapiens	41-44
9193837-4	1997	Thus, administration of PTX to renal transplant patient could be an excellent approach to prevent DGF and vascular toxicity of CsA in the early graft period.	Pentoxifylline	24-27	ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit	Homo sapiens	127-130
9227317-4	1997	In these same experiments, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production was inhibited and IL-10 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production was enhanced by treatment with pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	173-187	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	97-102
9227317-6	1997	RNase protection assays revealed that pentoxifylline inhibited accumulation of both IL-12 p40 and p35 mRNA, suggesting a predominant mRNA locus for pentoxifylline-induced IL-12 inhibition.	Pentoxifylline	38-52	interleukin 12A	Homo sapiens	98-101
9227317-6	1997	RNase protection assays revealed that pentoxifylline inhibited accumulation of both IL-12 p40 and p35 mRNA, suggesting a predominant mRNA locus for pentoxifylline-induced IL-12 inhibition.	Pentoxifylline	148-162	interleukin 12A	Homo sapiens	98-101
21590120-2	1997	Pentoxifylline has recently been shown to sensitize breast cancer cells in which the wild-type p53 function was abrogated to cisplatin-induced apoptosis.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	95-98
21590120-7	1997	Pentoxifylline increased the amount of radiation-induced DNA fragmentation and apoptosis in p53-defective U251 and LN-Z308 cells.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	92-95
9129088-6	1997	Pentoxifylline had a temporary effect on mitogen-stimulated cytokine production; thus, interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-2, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and lymphotoxin increased more than IL-10.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	87-103
9160673-4	1997	In order to prevent this TNF alpha associated HCMV reactivation patients were additionally treated with pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivative that has been shown to suppress TNF alpha induction.	Pentoxifylline	104-118	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	25-34
9160673-4	1997	In order to prevent this TNF alpha associated HCMV reactivation patients were additionally treated with pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivative that has been shown to suppress TNF alpha induction.	Pentoxifylline	104-118	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	186-195
9160673-4	1997	In order to prevent this TNF alpha associated HCMV reactivation patients were additionally treated with pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivative that has been shown to suppress TNF alpha induction.	Pentoxifylline	120-123	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	186-195
9154873-3	1997	Because tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) plays a critical role in granuloma formation and sustenance as well as in the progression of sarcoidosis, we investigated pentoxifylline (POF), which exerts TNF-inhibitory activity, as a therapeutic agent in active pulmonary sarcoidosis.	Pentoxifylline	164-178	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	8-35
9154873-3	1997	Because tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) plays a critical role in granuloma formation and sustenance as well as in the progression of sarcoidosis, we investigated pentoxifylline (POF), which exerts TNF-inhibitory activity, as a therapeutic agent in active pulmonary sarcoidosis.	Pentoxifylline	164-178	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	37-40
9154873-3	1997	Because tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) plays a critical role in granuloma formation and sustenance as well as in the progression of sarcoidosis, we investigated pentoxifylline (POF), which exerts TNF-inhibitory activity, as a therapeutic agent in active pulmonary sarcoidosis.	Pentoxifylline	164-178	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	199-202
9185244-6	1997	Pentoxifylline decreased plasma TNF concentrations 100-fold following injection of bacteria and prevented the sepsis-induced hyperlactatemia and increase in lactate production by incubated muscles in presence or absence of insulin or IGF-I.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	32-35
9185244-6	1997	Pentoxifylline decreased plasma TNF concentrations 100-fold following injection of bacteria and prevented the sepsis-induced hyperlactatemia and increase in lactate production by incubated muscles in presence or absence of insulin or IGF-I.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	insulin-like growth factor 1	Rattus norvegicus	234-239
9160673-7	1997	Furthermore, PTX acted synergistically with TNF alpha.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	44-53
9160673-9	1997	The stimulatory effect of PTX on the immediate early (IE) enhancer/promoter was mediated via CREB/ ATF, a eukaryotic transcription factor that binds to the 19 bp sequence motif in the enhancer region, while TNF alpha stimulation was mediated by activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB and its binding to the 18 bp sequence motif in the enhancer.	Pentoxifylline	26-29	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	93-97
9160673-9	1997	The stimulatory effect of PTX on the immediate early (IE) enhancer/promoter was mediated via CREB/ ATF, a eukaryotic transcription factor that binds to the 19 bp sequence motif in the enhancer region, while TNF alpha stimulation was mediated by activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB and its binding to the 18 bp sequence motif in the enhancer.	Pentoxifylline	26-29	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	207-216
9160673-9	1997	The stimulatory effect of PTX on the immediate early (IE) enhancer/promoter was mediated via CREB/ ATF, a eukaryotic transcription factor that binds to the 19 bp sequence motif in the enhancer region, while TNF alpha stimulation was mediated by activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB and its binding to the 18 bp sequence motif in the enhancer.	Pentoxifylline	26-29	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	284-293
9191243-0	1997	An assay of neutrophil adhesion to fibronectin and its attenuation by pentoxifylline and nitric oxide.	Pentoxifylline	70-84	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	35-46
9168405-2	1997	PTX at a 3.5 x 10(-5) M concentration significantly inhibited T cell proliferation and the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-2, and interleukin-4.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	105-132
9168405-2	1997	PTX at a 3.5 x 10(-5) M concentration significantly inhibited T cell proliferation and the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-2, and interleukin-4.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	134-147
9168405-2	1997	PTX at a 3.5 x 10(-5) M concentration significantly inhibited T cell proliferation and the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-2, and interleukin-4.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	153-166
9168405-4	1997	These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of PTX on T cell activation involves the CD3 and CD26, but not the CD28 signal pathway.	Pentoxifylline	52-55	dipeptidyl peptidase 4	Homo sapiens	98-102
9129088-7	1997	Pentoxifylline also potentiated antigen-stimulated IL-2 production and proliferation in 8 of 9 patients and induced significant but transient decreases in plasma viremia in 7 of 9 patients.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	51-55
9155263-12	1997	The anti-TNF-alpha antibodies and pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of cytokine transcription, also prevented cutaneous photosensitivity, implicating TNF-alpha in the pathogenesis of Pc 4-induced cutaneous photosensitivity.	Pentoxifylline	34-48	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	145-154
9159615-12	1997	Nitric oxide + pentoxifylline improved pulmonary vascular resistance, arterial oxygen tension, and survival even further and reduced lung myeloperoxidase as compared with the group that received nitric oxide only.	Pentoxifylline	15-29	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	138-153
9155263-12	1997	The anti-TNF-alpha antibodies and pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of cytokine transcription, also prevented cutaneous photosensitivity, implicating TNF-alpha in the pathogenesis of Pc 4-induced cutaneous photosensitivity.	Pentoxifylline	34-48	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 4	Mus musculus	178-182
9151942-4	1997	One week of treatment with pentoxifylline initiated 6 weeks postinfection significantly reduced both serum TNF-alpha and brain PAF levels.	Pentoxifylline	27-41	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	107-116
9151942-6	1997	This study demonstrates that pentoxifylline treatment was effective in decreasing the levels of TNF-alpha in the serum and PAF levels in the brain of mice infected with the LP-BM5 MuLV.	Pentoxifylline	29-43	patchy fur	Mus musculus	123-126
9160101-1	1997	Pentoxifylline and the two analogues HWA138 and HWA448, at concentrations exceeding 60 micrograms/ml, inhibited malaria antigen or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced TNF-alpha and IL-1 alpha secretion, but not IL-6 secretion, from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	164-173
9160101-1	1997	Pentoxifylline and the two analogues HWA138 and HWA448, at concentrations exceeding 60 micrograms/ml, inhibited malaria antigen or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced TNF-alpha and IL-1 alpha secretion, but not IL-6 secretion, from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	178-188
9160101-1	1997	Pentoxifylline and the two analogues HWA138 and HWA448, at concentrations exceeding 60 micrograms/ml, inhibited malaria antigen or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced TNF-alpha and IL-1 alpha secretion, but not IL-6 secretion, from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	208-212
9160101-5	1997	Pentoxifylline, HWA138 and HWA448 also inhibited LPS induced TNF production in vivo in female CF1xBalb/c mice.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	61-64
9151942-4	1997	One week of treatment with pentoxifylline initiated 6 weeks postinfection significantly reduced both serum TNF-alpha and brain PAF levels.	Pentoxifylline	27-41	patchy fur	Mus musculus	127-130
9151942-6	1997	This study demonstrates that pentoxifylline treatment was effective in decreasing the levels of TNF-alpha in the serum and PAF levels in the brain of mice infected with the LP-BM5 MuLV.	Pentoxifylline	29-43	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	96-105
9158047-1	1997	Pentoxifylline (POF) may suppress overproduction of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), which is thought to contribute to complications of human falciparum malaria.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	52-79
9142912-10	1997	Inhibition of TNF-alpha synthesis/release with pentoxifylline, thalidomide, dexamethasone, or immunoneutralization of TNF-alpha (with anti-TNF-alpha) was found to significantly reduce the severity of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in cirrhotic rats.	Pentoxifylline	47-61	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	14-23
9158047-1	1997	Pentoxifylline (POF) may suppress overproduction of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), which is thought to contribute to complications of human falciparum malaria.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	81-90
9176074-4	1997	RESULTS: PTX inhibited the release of TNF-alpha by PBMCs from patients with inflammatory bowel disease and the secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta by organ cultures of inflamed mucosa from the same patients.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	38-47
9145204-8	1997	In addition, a LTD4 antagonist, BAYx7195, and an inhibitor of TNF, pentoxifylline, inhibited the LPS-induced airway hyperresponsiveness.	Pentoxifylline	67-81	tumor necrosis factor	Cavia porcellus	62-65
9176073-4	1997	AIMS: To investigate whether treatment with the TNF alpha inhibitor oxpentifylline results in clinical improvement in corticosteroid dependent chronic active Crohn"s disease.	Pentoxifylline	68-82	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	48-57
9176073-7	1997	CONCLUSIONS: In this study, use of the TNF alpha inhibitor oxpentifylline does not improve inflammation in Crohn"s disease.	Pentoxifylline	59-73	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	39-48
9176074-4	1997	RESULTS: PTX inhibited the release of TNF-alpha by PBMCs from patients with inflammatory bowel disease and the secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta by organ cultures of inflamed mucosa from the same patients.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	124-133
9176074-4	1997	RESULTS: PTX inhibited the release of TNF-alpha by PBMCs from patients with inflammatory bowel disease and the secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta by organ cultures of inflamed mucosa from the same patients.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	138-147
9176074-5	1997	Secretion of TNF-alpha by PBMCs was inhibited by about 50% at a PTX concentration of 25 micrograms/ml (IC50).	Pentoxifylline	64-67	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	13-22
9086171-0	1997	Differential effects of pentoxifylline and interleukin-10 on production of tumor necrosis factor and inducible nitric oxide synthase by murine macrophages.	Pentoxifylline	24-38	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	75-96
9086171-0	1997	Differential effects of pentoxifylline and interleukin-10 on production of tumor necrosis factor and inducible nitric oxide synthase by murine macrophages.	Pentoxifylline	24-38	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	101-132
9086171-1	1997	The abilities of pentoxifylline and recombinant interleukin-10 (rIL-10) to inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) production in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages were compared.	Pentoxifylline	17-31	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	83-104
9086171-1	1997	The abilities of pentoxifylline and recombinant interleukin-10 (rIL-10) to inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) production in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages were compared.	Pentoxifylline	17-31	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	106-109
9120306-6	1997	URO and THP-induced TF expression were inhibited by actinomycin D and pentoxifylline further supporting the requirement of de novo TF mRNA synthesis.	Pentoxifylline	70-84	uromodulin	Homo sapiens	0-3
9086171-1	1997	The abilities of pentoxifylline and recombinant interleukin-10 (rIL-10) to inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) production in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages were compared.	Pentoxifylline	17-31	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	115-146
9120306-6	1997	URO and THP-induced TF expression were inhibited by actinomycin D and pentoxifylline further supporting the requirement of de novo TF mRNA synthesis.	Pentoxifylline	70-84	uromodulin	Homo sapiens	8-11
9120306-6	1997	URO and THP-induced TF expression were inhibited by actinomycin D and pentoxifylline further supporting the requirement of de novo TF mRNA synthesis.	Pentoxifylline	70-84	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	20-22
9086171-1	1997	The abilities of pentoxifylline and recombinant interleukin-10 (rIL-10) to inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) production in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages were compared.	Pentoxifylline	17-31	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	148-152
9086171-2	1997	Pentoxifylline consistently inhibited the accumulation of both TNF and iNOS in a dose-dependent manner whether the stimulus was bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma), or LPS plus rIFN-gamma.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	63-66
9086171-2	1997	Pentoxifylline consistently inhibited the accumulation of both TNF and iNOS in a dose-dependent manner whether the stimulus was bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma), or LPS plus rIFN-gamma.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	71-75
9086171-2	1997	Pentoxifylline consistently inhibited the accumulation of both TNF and iNOS in a dose-dependent manner whether the stimulus was bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma), or LPS plus rIFN-gamma.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interferon gamma	Rattus norvegicus	194-204
9086171-2	1997	Pentoxifylline consistently inhibited the accumulation of both TNF and iNOS in a dose-dependent manner whether the stimulus was bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma), or LPS plus rIFN-gamma.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interferon gamma	Rattus norvegicus	219-229
9086171-5	1997	Combinations of pentoxifylline and rIL-10 led to additive or synergistic inhibition of TNF but not iNOS production; in fact, rIL-10 appeared to interfere with the ability of pentoxifylline to block iNOS accumulation.	Pentoxifylline	16-30	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	87-90
9086171-5	1997	Combinations of pentoxifylline and rIL-10 led to additive or synergistic inhibition of TNF but not iNOS production; in fact, rIL-10 appeared to interfere with the ability of pentoxifylline to block iNOS accumulation.	Pentoxifylline	16-30	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	198-202
9086171-5	1997	Combinations of pentoxifylline and rIL-10 led to additive or synergistic inhibition of TNF but not iNOS production; in fact, rIL-10 appeared to interfere with the ability of pentoxifylline to block iNOS accumulation.	Pentoxifylline	174-188	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	35-41
9086171-5	1997	Combinations of pentoxifylline and rIL-10 led to additive or synergistic inhibition of TNF but not iNOS production; in fact, rIL-10 appeared to interfere with the ability of pentoxifylline to block iNOS accumulation.	Pentoxifylline	174-188	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	125-131
9086171-5	1997	Combinations of pentoxifylline and rIL-10 led to additive or synergistic inhibition of TNF but not iNOS production; in fact, rIL-10 appeared to interfere with the ability of pentoxifylline to block iNOS accumulation.	Pentoxifylline	174-188	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	198-202
9221384-12	1997	Since both POF and prednisolone are known to effectively inhibit proinflammatory cytokines and, among those, TNF-alpha, nonspecific antiinflammatory effects probably explain the benefits.	Pentoxifylline	11-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	109-118
9202671-7	1997	The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blocker pentoxifylline (200 mg/kg) significantly reduced the incidence of intussusception to 6.6% (N = 30).	Pentoxifylline	40-54	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	4-25
9202671-7	1997	The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blocker pentoxifylline (200 mg/kg) significantly reduced the incidence of intussusception to 6.6% (N = 30).	Pentoxifylline	40-54	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	27-30
9067517-3	1997	Pentoxifylline lowered the medians of leucocyte density, tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and lactate in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), but only leucocyte migration into the subarachnoid space was significantly inhibited 8 h after initiation of therapy (P = 0.01).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	87-96
9071201-8	1997	The authors observed a decrease of platelet aggregation after treatment with indobufen and a decrease of F1 + 2 fragment and PAI-1 antigen after treatment with pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	160-174	coagulation factor XII	Homo sapiens	105-111
9071201-8	1997	The authors observed a decrease of platelet aggregation after treatment with indobufen and a decrease of F1 + 2 fragment and PAI-1 antigen after treatment with pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	160-174	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	125-130
9143734-2	1997	Previous studies have demonstrated that PTX can suppress TNF alpha production and function, and can inhibit the adhesion of neutrophils and monocytes to endothelial cells.	Pentoxifylline	40-43	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	57-66
9143734-4	1997	Using a cell adhesion immunoassay, the effect of different doses of PTX (10(-5)-10(-2) M) on the binding of unactivated or PMA-activated T cells to unstimulated or TNF alpha-stimulated endothelial cells was investigated.	Pentoxifylline	68-71	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	164-173
9143734-8	1997	PTX inhibited the binding of PMA-activated T cells to TNF alpha-stimulated endothelial cells in a dose-dependent manner.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	54-63
9144910-1	1997	The course of L. monocytogenes infection was followed in mice treated with pentoxifylline (POF), a known inhibitor of endogenous tumor necrosis factor (TNF) formation.	Pentoxifylline	75-89	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	129-150
9144910-1	1997	The course of L. monocytogenes infection was followed in mice treated with pentoxifylline (POF), a known inhibitor of endogenous tumor necrosis factor (TNF) formation.	Pentoxifylline	75-89	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	152-155
9155652-0	1997	Pentoxifylline in vivo and in vitro down-regulates the expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in monocytes.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	73-106
9155652-1	1997	Since pentoxifylline (PTX) was recently recognized as a substance with antiinflammatory capacities, we studied the in vivo and in vitro effect of PTX on the expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on human monocytes.	Pentoxifylline	6-20	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	175-208
9155652-1	1997	Since pentoxifylline (PTX) was recently recognized as a substance with antiinflammatory capacities, we studied the in vivo and in vitro effect of PTX on the expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on human monocytes.	Pentoxifylline	6-20	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	210-216
9155652-1	1997	Since pentoxifylline (PTX) was recently recognized as a substance with antiinflammatory capacities, we studied the in vivo and in vitro effect of PTX on the expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on human monocytes.	Pentoxifylline	22-25	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	175-208
9155652-1	1997	Since pentoxifylline (PTX) was recently recognized as a substance with antiinflammatory capacities, we studied the in vivo and in vitro effect of PTX on the expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on human monocytes.	Pentoxifylline	22-25	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	210-216
9155652-1	1997	Since pentoxifylline (PTX) was recently recognized as a substance with antiinflammatory capacities, we studied the in vivo and in vitro effect of PTX on the expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on human monocytes.	Pentoxifylline	146-149	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	175-208
9155652-1	1997	Since pentoxifylline (PTX) was recently recognized as a substance with antiinflammatory capacities, we studied the in vivo and in vitro effect of PTX on the expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on human monocytes.	Pentoxifylline	146-149	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	210-216
9155652-4	1997	As shown by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) analysis, cultured monocytes isolated after oral application of PTX expressed significantly decreased amounts of ICAM-1 when compared with monocytes collected prior to oral PTX application.	Pentoxifylline	118-121	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	167-173
9155652-5	1997	Northern blot analysis revealed reduced amounts of ICAM-1 mRNA in monocytes derived from volunteers after oral PTX treatment in comparison with monocytes isolated before oral PTX administration.	Pentoxifylline	111-114	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	51-57
9155652-6	1997	Similarly, in monocytes treated with PTX (200 micrograms/ml) in vitro ICAM-1 was found decreased both at the protein and mRNA level in comparison with untreated cells.	Pentoxifylline	37-40	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	70-76
9155652-7	1997	The inhibitory effect of PTX on ICAM-1 expression in monocytes could be reversed by the addition of exogenous tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha; 200 U/ml) suggesting that ICAM-1 down-regulation is mediated secondary to TNF-alpha suppression by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	25-28	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	32-38
9155652-7	1997	The inhibitory effect of PTX on ICAM-1 expression in monocytes could be reversed by the addition of exogenous tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha; 200 U/ml) suggesting that ICAM-1 down-regulation is mediated secondary to TNF-alpha suppression by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	25-28	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	140-149
9155652-7	1997	The inhibitory effect of PTX on ICAM-1 expression in monocytes could be reversed by the addition of exogenous tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha; 200 U/ml) suggesting that ICAM-1 down-regulation is mediated secondary to TNF-alpha suppression by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	25-28	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	177-183
9155652-7	1997	The inhibitory effect of PTX on ICAM-1 expression in monocytes could be reversed by the addition of exogenous tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha; 200 U/ml) suggesting that ICAM-1 down-regulation is mediated secondary to TNF-alpha suppression by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	25-28	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	225-234
9155652-7	1997	The inhibitory effect of PTX on ICAM-1 expression in monocytes could be reversed by the addition of exogenous tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha; 200 U/ml) suggesting that ICAM-1 down-regulation is mediated secondary to TNF-alpha suppression by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	250-253	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	140-149
9155652-9	1997	The observed suppressive in vivo and in vitro effects of PTX on ICAM-1 expression in monocytes may contribute to the recently described antiinflammatory effects of PTX, e.g. in sepsis or allergic contact dermatitis.	Pentoxifylline	57-60	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	64-70
9155652-9	1997	The observed suppressive in vivo and in vitro effects of PTX on ICAM-1 expression in monocytes may contribute to the recently described antiinflammatory effects of PTX, e.g. in sepsis or allergic contact dermatitis.	Pentoxifylline	164-167	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	64-70
9042601-8	1997	The magnitude and duration of TNF-induced fever were the same whether guinea pigs were pretreated with pentoxifylline or with 0.9% saline.	Pentoxifylline	103-117	tumor necrosis factor	Cavia porcellus	30-33
9067700-9	1997	In summary, the data demonstrate that PTX can reduce the formation of SC both in vitro and in vivo and thus further support that TNF alpha is involved in UVB-induced apoptosis of keratinocytes.	Pentoxifylline	38-41	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	129-138
9069539-2	1997	Treatment of murine resident peritoneal macrophages with 50 U/mL IFN-gamma (pre-infection) or 30 U/mL TNF-alpha (post-infection), caused significant reduction in intracellular MAC growth; this response was suppressed by anti-TNF-alpha antibodies or pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	249-263	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	65-74
9069539-2	1997	Treatment of murine resident peritoneal macrophages with 50 U/mL IFN-gamma (pre-infection) or 30 U/mL TNF-alpha (post-infection), caused significant reduction in intracellular MAC growth; this response was suppressed by anti-TNF-alpha antibodies or pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	249-263	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	102-111
9058776-3	1997	Using flow cytometry, PTX was found to down-regulate the expression of LFA-1 and VLA-4 on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in HAM patients as well as control subjects.	Pentoxifylline	22-25	integrin subunit alpha L	Homo sapiens	71-76
9058776-5	1997	PTX caused a significant suppression of spontaneous production of TNF-alpha by cultured PBMC of HAM patients.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	66-75
9067700-4	1997	Pentoxifylline is a methylxanthine derivative suppressing the release of TNF alpha.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	73-82
9047238-0	1997	c-Rel is a target of pentoxifylline-mediated inhibition of T lymphocyte activation.	Pentoxifylline	21-35	REL proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit	Homo sapiens	0-5
9330666-0	1997	Inhibitory effect of pentoxifylline on HLA-DR expression and glycosaminoglycan synthesis of retrobulbar fibroblasts induced by interferon gamma.	Pentoxifylline	21-35	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	127-143
9408354-9	1997	The IL-6 bioassay likewise demonstrated high levels of IL-6 in the control group and markedly decreased levels in the pentoxifylline treated group (7083 +/- 2844 pg/ml, 6463 +/- 1307 pg/ml vs. 137.5 +/- 85.5 pg/ml, respectively, p &lt; 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	118-132	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	4-8
9408298-5	1997	Administration of pentoxifylline [PTX] (400 mg/day) to septic patients following necrotizing pancreatitis resulted in TNF and IL-6 production similar to that observed in control donors.	Pentoxifylline	18-32	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	118-121
9408298-5	1997	Administration of pentoxifylline [PTX] (400 mg/day) to septic patients following necrotizing pancreatitis resulted in TNF and IL-6 production similar to that observed in control donors.	Pentoxifylline	18-32	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	126-130
9408298-5	1997	Administration of pentoxifylline [PTX] (400 mg/day) to septic patients following necrotizing pancreatitis resulted in TNF and IL-6 production similar to that observed in control donors.	Pentoxifylline	34-37	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	118-121
9408298-5	1997	Administration of pentoxifylline [PTX] (400 mg/day) to septic patients following necrotizing pancreatitis resulted in TNF and IL-6 production similar to that observed in control donors.	Pentoxifylline	34-37	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	126-130
9408354-0	1997	Plasma levels of TNF and IL-6 following induction of acute pancreatitis and pentoxifylline treatment in rats.	Pentoxifylline	76-90	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	17-20
9408354-0	1997	Plasma levels of TNF and IL-6 following induction of acute pancreatitis and pentoxifylline treatment in rats.	Pentoxifylline	76-90	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	25-29
9330666-3	1997	Pentoxifylline (Ptx) is known to have complex immunomodulatory effects on production of cytokines including interferon gamma (IFN-gamma).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	108-135
9330666-3	1997	Pentoxifylline (Ptx) is known to have complex immunomodulatory effects on production of cytokines including interferon gamma (IFN-gamma).	Pentoxifylline	16-19	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	108-135
9330666-5	1997	We wished to determine whether Ptx has an effect on the IFN-gamma induced HLA-DR expression and influences the spontaneous and cytokine-induced GAG synthesis of REF.	Pentoxifylline	31-34	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	56-65
9330666-13	1997	Both spontaneous and IFN-gamma-induced GAG synthesis of REF was inhibited by Ptx (100, 500 and 1000 mg/l, respectively).	Pentoxifylline	77-80	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	21-30
9246154-0	1997	Serum tumor necrosis factor for monitoring response of hepatic veno-occlusive disease to pentoxiphyllin--a case report.	Pentoxifylline	89-103	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	6-27
8976641-2	1996	Since pentoxifylline and thalidomide inhibit endotoxin induced TNF production in vitro, these drugs were tested in an open study in rheumatoid arthritis patients to assess toxicity, the effect on TNF production, and the antiarthritic effects.	Pentoxifylline	6-20	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	63-66
9327192-7	1997	At the end of treatment, the absolute increase of ACD was significantly greater in sulodexide-treated patients (p &lt; 0.01) with respect to the pentoxifylline-treated group.	Pentoxifylline	145-159	ACD shelterin complex subunit and telomerase recruitment factor	Homo sapiens	50-53
9052855-0	1997	Pentoxifylline, cyclosporine A and taurolidine inhibit endotoxin-stimulated tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in rat mesangial cell cultures.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	76-103
9052855-4	1997	We show that lipopolysaccharide-induced production of TNF-alpha in rat mesangial cell cultures is inhibited by pentoxifylline (50 mg/ml), cyclosporine A (0.1 microg/ml) and taurolidine (100 mg/ml).	Pentoxifylline	111-125	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	54-63
18472845-0	1997	Pentoxifylline inhibits the fibrogenic activity of pleural effusions and transforming growth factor-beta.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	transforming growth factor beta 1	Homo sapiens	73-104
9387120-8	1997	Another approach is the administration of pentoxifylline, which may have an anticatabolic effect by interfering with the tumor necrosis factor-alpha system.	Pentoxifylline	42-56	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	121-148
9172017-0	1996	Differential regulation of TNF alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, TNF beta, and IL-10 by pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	84-98	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	27-36
9172017-0	1996	Differential regulation of TNF alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, TNF beta, and IL-10 by pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	84-98	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	38-47
9172017-0	1996	Differential regulation of TNF alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, TNF beta, and IL-10 by pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	84-98	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	49-53
9172017-0	1996	Differential regulation of TNF alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, TNF beta, and IL-10 by pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	84-98	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	55-59
9172017-0	1996	Differential regulation of TNF alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, TNF beta, and IL-10 by pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	84-98	lymphotoxin alpha	Homo sapiens	61-69
9172017-0	1996	Differential regulation of TNF alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, TNF beta, and IL-10 by pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	84-98	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	75-80
9172017-1	1996	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methylxanthine drug known to inhibit the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), which plays a key role in inflammation.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	81-108
9172017-1	1996	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methylxanthine drug known to inhibit the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), which plays a key role in inflammation.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	110-119
9172017-1	1996	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methylxanthine drug known to inhibit the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), which plays a key role in inflammation.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	81-108
9172017-1	1996	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methylxanthine drug known to inhibit the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), which plays a key role in inflammation.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	110-119
9172017-3	1996	We investigated PTX effects on production and mRNA expression of TNF alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, TNF beta and IL-10.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	65-74
9172017-3	1996	We investigated PTX effects on production and mRNA expression of TNF alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, TNF beta and IL-10.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	76-85
9172017-3	1996	We investigated PTX effects on production and mRNA expression of TNF alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, TNF beta and IL-10.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	87-91
9172017-3	1996	We investigated PTX effects on production and mRNA expression of TNF alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, TNF beta and IL-10.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	93-97
9172017-3	1996	We investigated PTX effects on production and mRNA expression of TNF alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, TNF beta and IL-10.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	lymphotoxin alpha	Homo sapiens	99-107
9172017-3	1996	We investigated PTX effects on production and mRNA expression of TNF alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8, TNF beta and IL-10.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	112-117
9172017-6	1996	Our results showed that expression and production of TNF alpha and TNF beta were inhibited by PTX in a dose-dependent manner.	Pentoxifylline	94-97	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	53-62
9172017-6	1996	Our results showed that expression and production of TNF alpha and TNF beta were inhibited by PTX in a dose-dependent manner.	Pentoxifylline	94-97	lymphotoxin alpha	Homo sapiens	67-75
9172017-7	1996	Moreover, we observed that depending on the way of activating cells, PTX induced an up- or a down-regulation (in PMA + PHA or LPS stimulated cells, respectively) for IL-1 and IL-6 release.	Pentoxifylline	69-72	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	166-170
9172017-7	1996	Moreover, we observed that depending on the way of activating cells, PTX induced an up- or a down-regulation (in PMA + PHA or LPS stimulated cells, respectively) for IL-1 and IL-6 release.	Pentoxifylline	69-72	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	175-179
9172017-8	1996	We also noted that the effects of PTX on IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 production were different in WB and in PBMC culture.	Pentoxifylline	34-37	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	41-45
9172017-8	1996	We also noted that the effects of PTX on IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 production were different in WB and in PBMC culture.	Pentoxifylline	34-37	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	47-51
9172017-8	1996	We also noted that the effects of PTX on IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 production were different in WB and in PBMC culture.	Pentoxifylline	34-37	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	56-61
8976641-8	1996	CONCLUSIONS: Although pentoxifylline/thalidomide reduced the production capacity of TNF, the benefit/side effects ratio was poor due to multiple adverse effects, while clinical observation suggests limited efficacy.	Pentoxifylline	22-36	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	84-87
8937713-0	1996	Inhibition by pentoxifylline of extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation by platelet-derived growth factor in hepatic stellate cells.	Pentoxifylline	14-28	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	32-69
8937713-7	1996	Preincubation with PTF did not affect either PDGF-receptor autophosphorylation or phosphotidylinositol 3-kinase activity, whereas it markedly reduced PDGF-stimulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity and ERK isoform phosphorylation.	Pentoxifylline	19-22	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	166-203
8937713-7	1996	Preincubation with PTF did not affect either PDGF-receptor autophosphorylation or phosphotidylinositol 3-kinase activity, whereas it markedly reduced PDGF-stimulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity and ERK isoform phosphorylation.	Pentoxifylline	19-22	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	205-208
8937713-7	1996	Preincubation with PTF did not affect either PDGF-receptor autophosphorylation or phosphotidylinositol 3-kinase activity, whereas it markedly reduced PDGF-stimulated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity and ERK isoform phosphorylation.	Pentoxifylline	19-22	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	223-226
8831706-4	1996	Dioxin stimulated the production of tumor necrosis-alpha in U1 cells, and pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of TNF-alpha synthesis, inhibited dioxin induced HIV production and TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	74-88	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	106-115
8956977-4	1996	Semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that PTX at this dose reduced the mRNA levels for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1 beta and IL-6 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of mice with EAE.	Pentoxifylline	88-91	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	133-166
8956977-4	1996	Semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that PTX at this dose reduced the mRNA levels for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1 beta and IL-6 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of mice with EAE.	Pentoxifylline	88-91	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	168-191
8956977-4	1996	Semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that PTX at this dose reduced the mRNA levels for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1 beta and IL-6 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of mice with EAE.	Pentoxifylline	88-91	interleukin 6	Mus musculus	196-200
9009245-8	1996	Future studies will be directed at attempting to reverse the lesion in MDS by using anti-TNF-alpha drugs such as pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	113-127	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	89-98
8937426-4	1996	Pentoxifylline has been shown to inhibit LPS-induced TNF-alpha production by suppression of TNF-alpha gene expression.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	53-62
8937426-4	1996	Pentoxifylline has been shown to inhibit LPS-induced TNF-alpha production by suppression of TNF-alpha gene expression.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	92-101
8937849-2	1996	Pentoxifylline is exclusively reduced to the optical antipode of lisofylline (S M-1) in human liver cytosol, whereas the reduction in microsomes is 85% stereoselective in favor of S M-1 formation.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	myoregulin	Homo sapiens	80-83
8937849-4	1996	In human liver microsomes, S M-1 is exclusively converted to pentoxifylline, whereas approximately 45% of lisofylline oxidation is accounted for by the formation of pentoxifylline and the balance by aliphatic diols.	Pentoxifylline	61-75	myoregulin	Homo sapiens	29-32
9024991-3	1996	The effect of TNF-alpha on the oxygen metabolism of neutrophils was inhibited when cells were treated with PTX.	Pentoxifylline	107-110	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	14-23
9089006-0	1996	Pentoxifylline inhibits granzyme B and perforin expression following T-lymphocyte activation by anti-CD3 antibody.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	CD3 antigen, epsilon polypeptide	Mus musculus	101-104
9089006-1	1996	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivative, is known to inhibit the production of the TH1 cytokines interleukin-2, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	93-96
9089006-1	1996	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivative, is known to inhibit the production of the TH1 cytokines interleukin-2, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	107-150
9089006-1	1996	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivative, is known to inhibit the production of the TH1 cytokines interleukin-2, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	155-171
9089006-1	1996	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivative, is known to inhibit the production of the TH1 cytokines interleukin-2, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	93-96
9089006-1	1996	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivative, is known to inhibit the production of the TH1 cytokines interleukin-2, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	107-150
9089006-1	1996	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine derivative, is known to inhibit the production of the TH1 cytokines interleukin-2, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	155-171
9089006-3	1996	In this study we used a mouse model system to investigate the effect of PTX on the induction of non-specific killer lymphocytes by anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody.	Pentoxifylline	72-75	CD3 antigen, epsilon polypeptide	Mus musculus	136-139
9089006-4	1996	Anti-CD3-induced T-cell proliferation, and the generation of anti-CD3-activated killer (AK) cells was inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion by PTX (25-100 micrograms/ml).	Pentoxifylline	143-146	CD3 antigen, epsilon polypeptide	Mus musculus	5-8
9089006-4	1996	Anti-CD3-induced T-cell proliferation, and the generation of anti-CD3-activated killer (AK) cells was inhibited in a dose-dependent fashion by PTX (25-100 micrograms/ml).	Pentoxifylline	143-146	CD3 antigen, epsilon polypeptide	Mus musculus	66-69
8840947-9	1996	In this case-controlled retrospective series of renal transplant patients with documented CsA-TMA, the triple-drug combination of isradipine, aspirin, and pentoxifylline allowed for the successful reinstitution of CsA or conversion to FK506 in the setting of TMA, and resulted in increased transplant survival compared with previous reports.	Pentoxifylline	155-169	ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit	Homo sapiens	90-93
8840947-9	1996	In this case-controlled retrospective series of renal transplant patients with documented CsA-TMA, the triple-drug combination of isradipine, aspirin, and pentoxifylline allowed for the successful reinstitution of CsA or conversion to FK506 in the setting of TMA, and resulted in increased transplant survival compared with previous reports.	Pentoxifylline	155-169	ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit	Homo sapiens	214-217
8859000-7	1996	Ro-20, 1724, etazolate, amrinone, milrinone and pentoxifylline inhibited unstimulated TNF-alpha production, with IC50 values of 1.87, 2.07, 13.9, 153 and 201 microM, respectively.	Pentoxifylline	48-62	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	86-95
8859000-9	1996	Amrinone, milrinone and pentoxifylline inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-alpha secretion, with IC50 values of 14.8, 81.6 and 748 microM, respectively, whereas Ro-2D, 1724 and etazolate had no effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-alpha secretion.	Pentoxifylline	24-38	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	76-85
8859000-9	1996	Amrinone, milrinone and pentoxifylline inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-alpha secretion, with IC50 values of 14.8, 81.6 and 748 microM, respectively, whereas Ro-2D, 1724 and etazolate had no effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced TNF-alpha secretion.	Pentoxifylline	24-38	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	236-245
8831706-4	1996	Dioxin stimulated the production of tumor necrosis-alpha in U1 cells, and pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of TNF-alpha synthesis, inhibited dioxin induced HIV production and TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	74-88	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	171-180
8905422-12	1996	CONCLUSIONS: PTX does influence TNF levels in septic shock patients.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	32-35
8886858-7	1996	TNF alpha secretion in alpha 1-AGP stimulated monocytes was also increased; this could be blocked by pentoxifylline (PTX).	Pentoxifylline	101-115	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	0-9
8886858-7	1996	TNF alpha secretion in alpha 1-AGP stimulated monocytes was also increased; this could be blocked by pentoxifylline (PTX).	Pentoxifylline	117-120	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	0-9
8761432-5	1996	Intraperitoneal injection of 50 micrograms/g pentoxifylline at 30 min prior to topical application of 10 micrograms TPA to the dorsal epidermis of Sencar mice inhibited TPA-induced IL-1 alpha and TNF-alpha gene expression 24 h after TPA treatment.	Pentoxifylline	45-59	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	181-191
8865286-1	1996	Pentoxifylline (PTXF) is a methylxanthine derivative which modifies leukocyte function and inhibits tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha release.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	100-133
8865286-1	1996	Pentoxifylline (PTXF) is a methylxanthine derivative which modifies leukocyte function and inhibits tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha release.	Pentoxifylline	16-20	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	100-133
8761432-5	1996	Intraperitoneal injection of 50 micrograms/g pentoxifylline at 30 min prior to topical application of 10 micrograms TPA to the dorsal epidermis of Sencar mice inhibited TPA-induced IL-1 alpha and TNF-alpha gene expression 24 h after TPA treatment.	Pentoxifylline	45-59	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	196-205
8692539-2	1996	PENT at 0.5 and 1 mM enhanced the cytotoxicity of CDDP and ET on PC-14 and PC-9, respectively.	Pentoxifylline	0-4	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9	Homo sapiens	75-79
8764378-6	1996	Moreover, pentoxifylline and A802715 prevented liver injury due to intravenous injection of recombinant TNF in D-galactosamine-sensitized mice.	Pentoxifylline	10-24	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	104-107
8757052-0	1996	The phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline reduces early side effects of interferon-beta 1b treatment in patients with multiple sclerosis.	Pentoxifylline	32-46	interferon beta 1	Homo sapiens	77-94
8660849-0	1996	The regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in murine mast cells: pentoxifylline or dexamethasone inhibits IgE-dependent production of TNF-alpha by distinct mechanisms.	Pentoxifylline	79-93	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	18-45
8660849-0	1996	The regulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha production in murine mast cells: pentoxifylline or dexamethasone inhibits IgE-dependent production of TNF-alpha by distinct mechanisms.	Pentoxifylline	79-93	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	148-157
8660849-2	1996	We investigated the regulation of Fc Fc epsilon RI-dependent TNF-alpha production by mouse mast cells using dexamethasone and pentoxifylline, pharmacological agents which are known to suppress TNF-alpha production by macrophages.	Pentoxifylline	126-140	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	61-70
8660849-2	1996	We investigated the regulation of Fc Fc epsilon RI-dependent TNF-alpha production by mouse mast cells using dexamethasone and pentoxifylline, pharmacological agents which are known to suppress TNF-alpha production by macrophages.	Pentoxifylline	126-140	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	193-202
8660849-3	1996	We now report that either dexamethasone or pentoxifylline can inhibit IgE-dependent mouse mast cell production of TNF-alpha; however, the major site of action of these agents was different.	Pentoxifylline	43-57	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	114-123
8660849-4	1996	Pentoxifylline inhibited mast cell TNF-alpha gene transcription, while dexamethasone inhibited TNF-alpha production predominantly by a post-transcriptional mechanism.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	35-44
8660849-5	1996	These results demonstrate that the synthesis of mast cell TNF-alpha can be regulated pharmacologically at either the transcriptional or the translational level and that pentoxifylline and dexamethasone, two agents that are used to treat inflammatory disorders, can modulate mast cell TNF-alpha production at different points in the synthetic pathway of this cytokine.	Pentoxifylline	169-183	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	58-67
8660849-5	1996	These results demonstrate that the synthesis of mast cell TNF-alpha can be regulated pharmacologically at either the transcriptional or the translational level and that pentoxifylline and dexamethasone, two agents that are used to treat inflammatory disorders, can modulate mast cell TNF-alpha production at different points in the synthetic pathway of this cytokine.	Pentoxifylline	169-183	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	284-293
8844228-15	1996	In both trauma and sepsis patients, the usual deterioration in platelet function was even attenuated, which may be due to the effects of PTX on cytokine release (e.g., reduction in tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1), improvement in microcirculation, or additional fibrinolytic effects.	Pentoxifylline	137-140	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	207-220
8811559-0	1996	Modulation of TNF alpha and IL-6 in a peritonitis model using pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	62-76	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	14-23
8811559-0	1996	Modulation of TNF alpha and IL-6 in a peritonitis model using pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	62-76	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	28-32
8826669-1	1996	Recent data suggest that pentoxyfylline administration results in a significant reduction in serum TNF levels among OKT3-treated patients.	Pentoxifylline	25-39	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	99-102
8832221-4	1996	Both pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of TNF-alpha synthesis, and an inhibitor of nitric oxide production improved survival in the indomethacin-treated and infected mice, although no such effect followed the administration of TNF-neutralizing antibodies.	Pentoxifylline	5-19	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	37-46
8832221-4	1996	Both pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of TNF-alpha synthesis, and an inhibitor of nitric oxide production improved survival in the indomethacin-treated and infected mice, although no such effect followed the administration of TNF-neutralizing antibodies.	Pentoxifylline	5-19	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	37-40
8681595-11	1996	Thrombomodulin plasma concentrations increased significantly more in the control patients (trauma: from 38.9 +/- 10.5 to 59.9 +/- 10.1 ng/mL; sepsis: from 49.7 +/- 12.1 to 72.3 +/- 11.2 ng/mL) than in the pentoxifylline-treated patients (trauma: from 37.9 +/- 11.9 to 50.2 +/- 9.2 ng/mL; sepsis from 51.9 +/- 10.1 to 63.3 +/- 10.2).	Pentoxifylline	205-219	thrombomodulin	Homo sapiens	0-14
8681595-15	1996	CONCLUSIONS: Continuous intravenous administration of pentoxifylline for 5 days beneficially influenced the thrombomodulin/protein C/protein S system in both the trauma and septic patients.	Pentoxifylline	54-68	thrombomodulin	Homo sapiens	108-122
8661165-3	1996	Pentoxifylline (PTX) increases red cell deformability, reduces neutrophil adhesion, abrogates rises in TNFalpha, and lessens the deleterious effects of other cytokines during prolonged sepsis.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	103-111
8661165-3	1996	Pentoxifylline (PTX) increases red cell deformability, reduces neutrophil adhesion, abrogates rises in TNFalpha, and lessens the deleterious effects of other cytokines during prolonged sepsis.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	103-111
8621742-4	1996	To this end, we used two pharmacological agents, each acting via a different mechanism: pentoxifylline (PTX), which attenuates the production of TNFalpha, and tumor necrosis factor binding protein (TBP), a physiological inhibitor of TNFalpha activity.	Pentoxifylline	88-102	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	145-153
24057708-7	1996	PTF significantly changed the resultant histologic damage to the intestinal mucosa exerted by prolonged ischemia of 1 and 2 h duration, although the beneficial effect of PTF in this animal model was independent of the number of tissue neutrophils as assessed by tissue MPO levels.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	269-272
8724037-4	1996	RESULTS: In HIV-1-infected T cells, PTX inhibited cell proliferation and p24 release and prevented CD4+ depletion associated with HIV replication.	Pentoxifylline	36-39	transmembrane p24 trafficking protein 2	Homo sapiens	73-76
8724037-5	1996	Moreover, PTX reduced TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-10 production and NF-kappa B activation.	Pentoxifylline	10-13	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	22-31
8724037-5	1996	Moreover, PTX reduced TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-10 production and NF-kappa B activation.	Pentoxifylline	10-13	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	33-42
8724037-5	1996	Moreover, PTX reduced TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-10 production and NF-kappa B activation.	Pentoxifylline	10-13	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	47-52
8724037-5	1996	Moreover, PTX reduced TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma and IL-10 production and NF-kappa B activation.	Pentoxifylline	10-13	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	68-78
8724037-6	1996	PTX inhibited with similar potency IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and cell proliferation.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	35-44
8724037-6	1996	PTX inhibited with similar potency IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha and cell proliferation.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	46-55
8724037-7	1996	However, the inhibition of p24 release and specially of IL-10 production required significantly lower doses of PTX.	Pentoxifylline	111-114	transmembrane p24 trafficking protein 2	Homo sapiens	27-30
8724037-7	1996	However, the inhibition of p24 release and specially of IL-10 production required significantly lower doses of PTX.	Pentoxifylline	111-114	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	56-61
8724037-8	1996	Exogenous addition of IL-2 or TNF-alpha in presence of PTX restore T-cell proliferation and NF-kappa B activation respectively, but did not affect p24 inhibition.	Pentoxifylline	55-58	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	22-26
8724037-8	1996	Exogenous addition of IL-2 or TNF-alpha in presence of PTX restore T-cell proliferation and NF-kappa B activation respectively, but did not affect p24 inhibition.	Pentoxifylline	55-58	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	30-39
8724037-8	1996	Exogenous addition of IL-2 or TNF-alpha in presence of PTX restore T-cell proliferation and NF-kappa B activation respectively, but did not affect p24 inhibition.	Pentoxifylline	55-58	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	92-102
8724037-10	1996	Moreover, PTX cannot be primarily considered as a TNF-alpha inhibitor and has several immunomodulatory and antiviral properties which could be of benefit against HIV-1 at various levels.	Pentoxifylline	10-13	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	50-59
8741040-2	1996	We suggested that pentoxifylline (PTXF), which is known to inhibit TNF production, may improve survival and attenuate clinical symptoms of sepsis in neonates.	Pentoxifylline	18-32	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	67-70
8741040-2	1996	We suggested that pentoxifylline (PTXF), which is known to inhibit TNF production, may improve survival and attenuate clinical symptoms of sepsis in neonates.	Pentoxifylline	34-38	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	67-70
8741040-7	1996	There was a statistically significant decrease in plasma TNF level in the PTXF group when the values before the first and after the last PTXF infusion were compared [mean: 671.5 pg/ml; SD: 438; med: 729.6 vs mean: 41.0 pg/ml; SD: 64.1; med: 11.5; P &lt; 0.000004].	Pentoxifylline	74-78	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	57-60
8741040-7	1996	There was a statistically significant decrease in plasma TNF level in the PTXF group when the values before the first and after the last PTXF infusion were compared [mean: 671.5 pg/ml; SD: 438; med: 729.6 vs mean: 41.0 pg/ml; SD: 64.1; med: 11.5; P &lt; 0.000004].	Pentoxifylline	137-141	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	57-60
8741040-9	1996	A significantly higher plasma TNF level, evaluated after the last PTXF infusion, was found in the placebo group [246.9 pg/ml vs 41.0 pg/ml; P &lt; 0.001].	Pentoxifylline	66-70	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	30-33
8741040-12	1996	CONCLUSION: PTXF inhibits production of TNF and may have therapeutic value in the treatment of premature infants with sepsis complicated by shock.	Pentoxifylline	12-16	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	40-43
8621742-4	1996	To this end, we used two pharmacological agents, each acting via a different mechanism: pentoxifylline (PTX), which attenuates the production of TNFalpha, and tumor necrosis factor binding protein (TBP), a physiological inhibitor of TNFalpha activity.	Pentoxifylline	104-107	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	145-153
8621742-4	1996	To this end, we used two pharmacological agents, each acting via a different mechanism: pentoxifylline (PTX), which attenuates the production of TNFalpha, and tumor necrosis factor binding protein (TBP), a physiological inhibitor of TNFalpha activity.	Pentoxifylline	104-107	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	233-241
8621742-7	1996	PTX significantly lowered the brain TNFalpha level (by approximately 80%), and TBP completely abolished the activity of recombinant human TNF when they were added at the same time in the in vitro bioassay.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	36-44
8621742-7	1996	PTX significantly lowered the brain TNFalpha level (by approximately 80%), and TBP completely abolished the activity of recombinant human TNF when they were added at the same time in the in vitro bioassay.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	36-39
8786577-3	1996	We have shown that pretreatment of mice with either lipopolysaccharide or TNF elicited a dose-dependent TNF release into the perfusate which was inhibited by in vivo pretreatment of mice with pentoxifylline or A-802715 [1-(5-hydroxy-5-methyl)hexyl-3-methyl-7-propylxanthin].	Pentoxifylline	192-206	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	74-77
8634114-9	1996	LPS-stimulated TNF-alpha releases from control and smoke-exposed AM were suppressed by phosphodiesterase inhibitors pentoxifylline and theophylline, and were enhanced by the lipoxygenase inhibitor, MK886.	Pentoxifylline	116-130	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	15-24
8799203-6	1996	Pentoxifylline, which inhibits the effects of TNF alpha, had a significant protective effect.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	46-55
8786577-3	1996	We have shown that pretreatment of mice with either lipopolysaccharide or TNF elicited a dose-dependent TNF release into the perfusate which was inhibited by in vivo pretreatment of mice with pentoxifylline or A-802715 [1-(5-hydroxy-5-methyl)hexyl-3-methyl-7-propylxanthin].	Pentoxifylline	192-206	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	104-107
8632062-4	1996	To determine the immunoregulatory capacity of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX), which is known to suppress the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), this drug was used in mitogen and antigen-stimulated lymphocyte cultures as well as in patients with multiple sclerosis.	Pentoxifylline	78-92	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	145-172
8605790-8	1996	In pentoxifylline-treated patients, at 24 hrs, serum concentrations of TNF were significantly lower compared with controls (12 +/- 2 vs. 42 +/- 12 pg/mL, respectively, p = .04).	Pentoxifylline	3-17	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	71-74
8605790-13	1996	CONCLUSIONS: Pentoxifylline is able to decrease serum TNF but not IL-6 or IL-8 serum concentrations during septic shock.	Pentoxifylline	13-27	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	54-57
8605790-15	1996	Further studies are needed to determine if pentoxifylline"s ability to lower circulating TNF concentration without altering hemodynamics will improve outcome in septic shock.	Pentoxifylline	43-57	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	89-92
8632062-4	1996	To determine the immunoregulatory capacity of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX), which is known to suppress the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), this drug was used in mitogen and antigen-stimulated lymphocyte cultures as well as in patients with multiple sclerosis.	Pentoxifylline	78-92	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	174-183
8632062-4	1996	To determine the immunoregulatory capacity of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX), which is known to suppress the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), this drug was used in mitogen and antigen-stimulated lymphocyte cultures as well as in patients with multiple sclerosis.	Pentoxifylline	78-92	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	189-205
8632062-4	1996	To determine the immunoregulatory capacity of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX), which is known to suppress the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), this drug was used in mitogen and antigen-stimulated lymphocyte cultures as well as in patients with multiple sclerosis.	Pentoxifylline	78-92	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	207-216
8632062-4	1996	To determine the immunoregulatory capacity of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX), which is known to suppress the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), this drug was used in mitogen and antigen-stimulated lymphocyte cultures as well as in patients with multiple sclerosis.	Pentoxifylline	94-97	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	145-172
8632062-4	1996	To determine the immunoregulatory capacity of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX), which is known to suppress the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), this drug was used in mitogen and antigen-stimulated lymphocyte cultures as well as in patients with multiple sclerosis.	Pentoxifylline	94-97	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	174-183
8632062-4	1996	To determine the immunoregulatory capacity of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX), which is known to suppress the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), this drug was used in mitogen and antigen-stimulated lymphocyte cultures as well as in patients with multiple sclerosis.	Pentoxifylline	94-97	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	189-205
8632062-4	1996	To determine the immunoregulatory capacity of the phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline (PTX), which is known to suppress the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), this drug was used in mitogen and antigen-stimulated lymphocyte cultures as well as in patients with multiple sclerosis.	Pentoxifylline	94-97	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	207-216
8632062-5	1996	PTX significantly decreased TNF-alpha and interleukin-12 (IL-12), whereas it increased IL-4 and IL-10 production.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	28-37
8632062-5	1996	PTX significantly decreased TNF-alpha and interleukin-12 (IL-12), whereas it increased IL-4 and IL-10 production.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	87-91
8632062-5	1996	PTX significantly decreased TNF-alpha and interleukin-12 (IL-12), whereas it increased IL-4 and IL-10 production.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	96-101
8632062-6	1996	In addition, PTX inhibited cell proliferation, which was associated with a marked reduction in CD25 (IL-2 receptor alpha-chain) and CD54 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1; ICAM-1) expression.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	95-99
8632062-6	1996	In addition, PTX inhibited cell proliferation, which was associated with a marked reduction in CD25 (IL-2 receptor alpha-chain) and CD54 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1; ICAM-1) expression.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	101-120
8632062-6	1996	In addition, PTX inhibited cell proliferation, which was associated with a marked reduction in CD25 (IL-2 receptor alpha-chain) and CD54 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1; ICAM-1) expression.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	132-136
8632062-6	1996	In addition, PTX inhibited cell proliferation, which was associated with a marked reduction in CD25 (IL-2 receptor alpha-chain) and CD54 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1; ICAM-1) expression.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	138-171
8632062-6	1996	In addition, PTX inhibited cell proliferation, which was associated with a marked reduction in CD25 (IL-2 receptor alpha-chain) and CD54 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1; ICAM-1) expression.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	173-179
8632062-7	1996	Increasing doses of PTX significantly reduced TNF-alpha and IL-12 mRNA expression of blood mononuclear cells, but increased IL-4 and IL-10 expression in eight patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.	Pentoxifylline	20-23	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	46-55
8632062-7	1996	Increasing doses of PTX significantly reduced TNF-alpha and IL-12 mRNA expression of blood mononuclear cells, but increased IL-4 and IL-10 expression in eight patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.	Pentoxifylline	20-23	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	124-128
8632062-7	1996	Increasing doses of PTX significantly reduced TNF-alpha and IL-12 mRNA expression of blood mononuclear cells, but increased IL-4 and IL-10 expression in eight patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.	Pentoxifylline	20-23	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	133-138
8568809-2	1996	A series of analogues of pentoxifylline metabolites were prepared in the purine, pteridine, [1,2,5]-thiadiazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine, and quinazoline ring systems and evaluated for their ability to inhibit the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) in human peripheral blood monocytes stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS).	Pentoxifylline	25-39	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	220-247
8568809-2	1996	A series of analogues of pentoxifylline metabolites were prepared in the purine, pteridine, [1,2,5]-thiadiazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine, and quinazoline ring systems and evaluated for their ability to inhibit the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) in human peripheral blood monocytes stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS).	Pentoxifylline	25-39	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	249-258
9131151-4	1996	25 mg/kg of pentoxifylline, infused immediately prior to reperfusion of ischemic skeletal muscle, decreased PAF production and muscle necrosis.	Pentoxifylline	12-26	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	108-111
8772499-6	1996	Pentoxifylline dose dependently reduced both gastric damage and plasma TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	71-80
7583437-0	1995	Inhibition of cytotoxicity and cytokine release of CD8+ HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes by pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	96-110	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	51-54
8537661-5	1996	Further, drugs such as pentoxifylline, chloroquine, and the antioxidant apocynin similarly inhibited TNF-alpha release by PG- as well as LPS-stimulated cells.	Pentoxifylline	23-37	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	101-110
8632677-4	1996	The TNF inhibitors pentoxifylline(PTF) and dichloroisocoumarin (DCI) inhibited TNF synthesis by U937 cells and abrogated the increase in resistance to TNF seen with VitD(3).	Pentoxifylline	19-33	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	4-7
8632677-4	1996	The TNF inhibitors pentoxifylline(PTF) and dichloroisocoumarin (DCI) inhibited TNF synthesis by U937 cells and abrogated the increase in resistance to TNF seen with VitD(3).	Pentoxifylline	19-33	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	79-82
8632677-4	1996	The TNF inhibitors pentoxifylline(PTF) and dichloroisocoumarin (DCI) inhibited TNF synthesis by U937 cells and abrogated the increase in resistance to TNF seen with VitD(3).	Pentoxifylline	19-33	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	79-82
8676749-2	1996	In this work the effect of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and pentoxifylline (POF) pretreatment on FMLP-triggered neutrophil oxidative metabolism in a group of healthy elderly individuals, was investigated.	Pentoxifylline	115-129	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	152-156
8950833-7	1996	Pentoxifylline (40 mumol/L), retinoic acid (0.01 mmol/L) and cyclosporin A (0.08 mumol/L) inhibited TF expression when added concurrently with LPS or TNF, but not when added 4 h after stimulation.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	LOC101909187	Bos taurus	100-102
8950833-7	1996	Pentoxifylline (40 mumol/L), retinoic acid (0.01 mmol/L) and cyclosporin A (0.08 mumol/L) inhibited TF expression when added concurrently with LPS or TNF, but not when added 4 h after stimulation.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Bos taurus	150-153
8950833-9	1996	In contrast, exposure to LPS or TNF for 6 h induced marked expression of TF mRNA, which was inhibited by treatment with pentoxifylline, retinoic acid and cyclosporin A.	Pentoxifylline	120-134	tumor necrosis factor	Bos taurus	32-35
8950833-9	1996	In contrast, exposure to LPS or TNF for 6 h induced marked expression of TF mRNA, which was inhibited by treatment with pentoxifylline, retinoic acid and cyclosporin A.	Pentoxifylline	120-134	LOC101909187	Bos taurus	73-75
8950833-12	1996	The concentrations of pentoxifylline and retinoic acid necessary for inhibition of TF expression in vitro may not be achievable in vivo owing to their toxic effects.	Pentoxifylline	22-36	LOC101909187	Bos taurus	83-85
8642222-0	1995	Is pentoxifylline a viable alternative in the treatment of ENL?	Pentoxifylline	3-17	MLLT1 super elongation complex subunit	Homo sapiens	59-62
9012541-6	1996	Dexamethasone, prostacyclin and pentoxifylline caused a dose-dependent inhibition of TNF alpha release but had no effect on elastase release.	Pentoxifylline	32-46	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	85-94
8550029-7	1996	Pretreatment with dexamethasone (4.0 mg/kg), E3330 (100 mg/kg) adenosine (0.3 mmol/kg), and pentoxifylline (100 mg/kg), inhibited both TNF-alpha mRNA expression and hepatocyte proliferation 48 hours after the injection.	Pentoxifylline	92-106	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	135-144
8843953-4	1996	Thus it may be concluded that PTX-induced reversal of vincristine resistance could not be explained from the point of known pharmacological effects of PTX that are common for other xanthines such as inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity, calcium mobilizing effect, inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF), etc.	Pentoxifylline	30-33	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	282-309
8843953-4	1996	Thus it may be concluded that PTX-induced reversal of vincristine resistance could not be explained from the point of known pharmacological effects of PTX that are common for other xanthines such as inhibition of phosphodiesterase activity, calcium mobilizing effect, inhibition of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF), etc.	Pentoxifylline	30-33	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	311-314
8623512-2	1996	The present study was performed to investigate TNF secretion in DIC occurring in metastatic solid tumor patients and to evaluate the possible therapeutic role of pentoxifylline, which has been proven to have a TNF-lowering activity.	Pentoxifylline	162-176	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	210-213
8623512-8	1996	Pentoxifylline therapy induced a significant decrease in mean TNF concentrations and a significant increase in mean platelet number, which returned to within the normal range in 11/20 patients.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	62-65
8623512-9	1996	An increase in platelets in response to pentoxifylline was more evident in patients with elevated pretreatment TNF values.	Pentoxifylline	40-54	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	111-114
8623512-11	1996	Moreover, they indicate that pentoxifylline therapy may determine a decrease in TNF levels in DIC patients, an event associated with an increase in platelet number.	Pentoxifylline	29-43	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	80-83
8964650-4	1995	With increasing doses of PTX the maximum supernatant titres of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)-gamma decreased concomitantly, and all cultures co-treated with DEX showed synergism.	Pentoxifylline	25-28	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	63-97
8964650-6	1995	Similarly, PTX and CsA synergistically inhibited the release of IL-2, IFN-gamma and, to a lesser degree, TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	11-14	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	64-68
7583437-3	1995	Pentoxifylline inhibited cytotoxicity of CTLs and suppressed interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor release by these cells at the transcription level.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	61-106
8964650-6	1995	Similarly, PTX and CsA synergistically inhibited the release of IL-2, IFN-gamma and, to a lesser degree, TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	11-14	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	70-79
8964650-6	1995	Similarly, PTX and CsA synergistically inhibited the release of IL-2, IFN-gamma and, to a lesser degree, TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	11-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	105-114
7583437-5	1995	These results suggest that inhibition of HIV-specific CD8+ CTLs by pentoxifylline may be therapeutically relevant.	Pentoxifylline	67-81	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	54-57
8964650-10	1995	Expression of IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) was reduced in cultures treated with PTX, and combination with DEX led to further reduction.	Pentoxifylline	73-76	interleukin 2 receptor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	14-27
8964650-10	1995	Expression of IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) was reduced in cultures treated with PTX, and combination with DEX led to further reduction.	Pentoxifylline	73-76	interleukin 2 receptor subunit beta	Homo sapiens	29-34
7583437-6	1995	Moreover, this study extends previous observations by demonstrating that, in addition to its ability to suppress cytokine production by macrophages and CD4+ T helper cells, pentoxifylline may inhibit cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion by antigen-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes.	Pentoxifylline	173-187	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	152-155
7583437-6	1995	Moreover, this study extends previous observations by demonstrating that, in addition to its ability to suppress cytokine production by macrophages and CD4+ T helper cells, pentoxifylline may inhibit cytotoxicity and cytokine secretion by antigen-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes.	Pentoxifylline	173-187	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	256-259
8585982-3	1995	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, significantly attenuated TNF alpha release caused either by Streptococcus pneumoniae or by its lysates.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	78-87
8574830-1	1995	The present study concerns the release of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and tumor necrosis factor alpha and of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 by human leukocytes in whole blood during stimulation with Streptococcus pneumoniae and the effects of various xanthine derivates, i.e., pentoxifylline (PTX), caffeine, and theofylline, and of dexamethasone (DXM).	Pentoxifylline	316-330	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	173-178
8585982-3	1995	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, significantly attenuated TNF alpha release caused either by Streptococcus pneumoniae or by its lysates.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	78-87
8574830-1	1995	The present study concerns the release of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and tumor necrosis factor alpha and of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 by human leukocytes in whole blood during stimulation with Streptococcus pneumoniae and the effects of various xanthine derivates, i.e., pentoxifylline (PTX), caffeine, and theofylline, and of dexamethasone (DXM).	Pentoxifylline	332-335	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	173-178
8585982-6	1995	It was found that PTX significantly attenuated TNF alpha activity in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and inhibited white blood cell chemotaxis, emigration and infiltration.	Pentoxifylline	18-21	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	47-56
8574830-2	1995	All three xanthine derivates and DXM inhibited the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha, PTX being the most effective.	Pentoxifylline	91-94	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	62-89
8655293-1	1995	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is thought to induce cachexia in subjects infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and it has been suggested that HIV-seropositive patients would benefit from treatment with pentoxifylline, a known suppressor of TNF-alpha production.	Pentoxifylline	223-237	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	29-38
8574830-3	1995	PTX, theofylline, and DXM inhibited the release of IL-1 beta, but caffeine did not affect IL-1 beta release.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	51-60
8574830-4	1995	The release of IL-10 was significantly reduced by PTX at 24 h and by caffeine at 48 h, but DXM increased the release of this cytokine.	Pentoxifylline	50-53	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	15-20
8575836-8	1995	Pretreatment of monocytes with rTNF enhanced, while pretreatment with PTX decreased, PPD-induced IL-6 production.	Pentoxifylline	70-73	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	97-101
8575836-9	1995	An increased production of IL-4 was found in cultures of PTX-treated, PPD-pulsed monocytes with T cells.	Pentoxifylline	57-60	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	27-31
8655288-4	1995	Micromolar concentrations of pentoxifylline decreased native and recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha)-primed formyl met-leu-phe (fMLP)-stimulated PMN chemiluminescence, superoxide production and myeloperoxidase (MPO) release.	Pentoxifylline	29-43	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	77-104
8655288-4	1995	Micromolar concentrations of pentoxifylline decreased native and recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha)-primed formyl met-leu-phe (fMLP)-stimulated PMN chemiluminescence, superoxide production and myeloperoxidase (MPO) release.	Pentoxifylline	29-43	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	106-115
8655288-4	1995	Micromolar concentrations of pentoxifylline decreased native and recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha)-primed formyl met-leu-phe (fMLP)-stimulated PMN chemiluminescence, superoxide production and myeloperoxidase (MPO) release.	Pentoxifylline	29-43	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	144-148
8655293-1	1995	Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is thought to induce cachexia in subjects infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and it has been suggested that HIV-seropositive patients would benefit from treatment with pentoxifylline, a known suppressor of TNF-alpha production.	Pentoxifylline	223-237	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	261-270
8655288-4	1995	Micromolar concentrations of pentoxifylline decreased native and recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha)-primed formyl met-leu-phe (fMLP)-stimulated PMN chemiluminescence, superoxide production and myeloperoxidase (MPO) release.	Pentoxifylline	29-43	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	210-225
8655288-4	1995	Micromolar concentrations of pentoxifylline decreased native and recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha)-primed formyl met-leu-phe (fMLP)-stimulated PMN chemiluminescence, superoxide production and myeloperoxidase (MPO) release.	Pentoxifylline	29-43	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	227-230
8655293-2	1995	The purpose of the present study was to examine how pentoxifylline at a dose of 800 mg thrice daily would influence the cellular immune system in HIV-seropositive persons with elevated TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	52-66	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	185-194
7545022-5	1995	G-CSF did not inhibit TNF-alpha mRNA expression or accelerate mRNA degradation, whereas pentoxifylline inhibited the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA.	Pentoxifylline	88-102	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	131-140
7593644-10	1995	The anti-oxidants N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or pentoxifylline (PTX), which are used clinically to reduce NF-kappa B/Rel activity, inhibited NF-kappa B driven promoter transactivation, and SMC-Rel binding activity.	Pentoxifylline	45-59	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	103-113
7593644-10	1995	The anti-oxidants N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or pentoxifylline (PTX), which are used clinically to reduce NF-kappa B/Rel activity, inhibited NF-kappa B driven promoter transactivation, and SMC-Rel binding activity.	Pentoxifylline	45-59	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	138-148
7593644-10	1995	The anti-oxidants N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or pentoxifylline (PTX), which are used clinically to reduce NF-kappa B/Rel activity, inhibited NF-kappa B driven promoter transactivation, and SMC-Rel binding activity.	Pentoxifylline	61-64	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	103-113
7593644-10	1995	The anti-oxidants N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) or pentoxifylline (PTX), which are used clinically to reduce NF-kappa B/Rel activity, inhibited NF-kappa B driven promoter transactivation, and SMC-Rel binding activity.	Pentoxifylline	61-64	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	138-148
8519449-6	1995	METHODS: The effects of rolipram and pentoxifylline on TNF-alpha production and HIV-1 replication were determined in infected and uninfected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), in a chronically infected promonocytic cell line (U1) and in an acutely infected monocytic cell line (BT4A3.5).	Pentoxifylline	37-51	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	55-64
8519449-3	1995	Pentoxifylline is a non-specific phosphodiesterase inhibitor that blocks TNF-alpha synthesis and HIV-1 replication in vitro and has been shown in preliminary clinical studies to decrease viral replication in HIV-1-infected patients.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	73-82
7589090-1	1995	The phosphodiesterase inhibitor oxpentifylline (OXP) has a number of potentially important immunomodulatory actions which include a selective inhibition of the Th1 subset of CD4+ cells in vitro and inhibition of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha mRNA transcription.	Pentoxifylline	32-46	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	212-245
7589090-1	1995	The phosphodiesterase inhibitor oxpentifylline (OXP) has a number of potentially important immunomodulatory actions which include a selective inhibition of the Th1 subset of CD4+ cells in vitro and inhibition of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha mRNA transcription.	Pentoxifylline	48-51	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	212-245
7545088-5	1995	We have also demonstrated that the adhesion of tumor cells to IL-1 beta-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells can be inhibited by anti-NF kappa B reagents such as N-acetyl L-cysteine, aspirin, or pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	205-219	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	62-71
7545088-5	1995	We have also demonstrated that the adhesion of tumor cells to IL-1 beta-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells can be inhibited by anti-NF kappa B reagents such as N-acetyl L-cysteine, aspirin, or pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	205-219	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	144-154
7668305-10	1995	The elevated plasma concentrations of thromboxane B2 and TNF alpha returned toward preendotoxin baseline values after dazmegrel and pentoxifylline treatment, respectively.	Pentoxifylline	132-146	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	57-66
8574749-11	1995	RBA was significantly decreased during PTX infusion when PMN were stimulated with FMLP and phorbol-myristate-acetate, compared with the control group.	Pentoxifylline	39-42	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	82-86
8548533-10	1995	On inhibiting TNF-alpha with DEX, CPZ, or pentoxifylline, survival was reduced, unchanged, and increased, respectively, and on increasing TNF-alpha with IBU and TNF, survival was decreased or unchanged, respectively, suggesting that the modulation of this cytokine does not play a significant role in sepsis induced by CLP, unlike treatment with LPS.	Pentoxifylline	42-56	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	14-23
8528556-8	1995	When mice were treated with polymyxin B (a LPS neutralizer), pentoxifylline (an inhibitor of tumor necrosis factor-alpha formation) and NG-nitro-L-arginine (an inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase) the effects of LPS were reversed.	Pentoxifylline	61-75	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	93-120
7593465-4	1995	Inhibitors of TNF synthesis, pentoxifylline (PTX) and thalidomide, inhibited TNF mRNA accumulation in LPS-activated monocytes and down-regulated DR mRNA but not DP or DQ mRNA.	Pentoxifylline	29-43	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	77-80
7541609-9	1995	Interestingly, the grafts from the PTX-treated recipients continued to display rare, isolated VCAM-1 positive cells in the interstitium, which may be dendritic cells.	Pentoxifylline	35-38	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	94-100
7593465-4	1995	Inhibitors of TNF synthesis, pentoxifylline (PTX) and thalidomide, inhibited TNF mRNA accumulation in LPS-activated monocytes and down-regulated DR mRNA but not DP or DQ mRNA.	Pentoxifylline	45-48	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	14-17
7593465-4	1995	Inhibitors of TNF synthesis, pentoxifylline (PTX) and thalidomide, inhibited TNF mRNA accumulation in LPS-activated monocytes and down-regulated DR mRNA but not DP or DQ mRNA.	Pentoxifylline	45-48	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	77-80
7615305-0	1995	[Pentoxifylline inhibits secretion of O2- and TNF-alpha by alveolar macrophages in patients with sarcoidosis].	Pentoxifylline	1-15	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	46-55
7598686-1	1995	We described here that pentoxifylline (PTX), which is well known to counteract tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha)-mediated inflammatory responses, augmented TNF alpha-induced neuroblastoma cell differentiation in conjunction with growth inhibition and cell-cycle arrest in G1 phase.	Pentoxifylline	23-37	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	79-106
7598686-1	1995	We described here that pentoxifylline (PTX), which is well known to counteract tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha)-mediated inflammatory responses, augmented TNF alpha-induced neuroblastoma cell differentiation in conjunction with growth inhibition and cell-cycle arrest in G1 phase.	Pentoxifylline	23-37	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	108-117
7598686-1	1995	We described here that pentoxifylline (PTX), which is well known to counteract tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha)-mediated inflammatory responses, augmented TNF alpha-induced neuroblastoma cell differentiation in conjunction with growth inhibition and cell-cycle arrest in G1 phase.	Pentoxifylline	23-37	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	162-171
7598686-1	1995	We described here that pentoxifylline (PTX), which is well known to counteract tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha)-mediated inflammatory responses, augmented TNF alpha-induced neuroblastoma cell differentiation in conjunction with growth inhibition and cell-cycle arrest in G1 phase.	Pentoxifylline	39-42	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	79-106
7598686-1	1995	We described here that pentoxifylline (PTX), which is well known to counteract tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha)-mediated inflammatory responses, augmented TNF alpha-induced neuroblastoma cell differentiation in conjunction with growth inhibition and cell-cycle arrest in G1 phase.	Pentoxifylline	39-42	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	108-117
7598686-1	1995	We described here that pentoxifylline (PTX), which is well known to counteract tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha)-mediated inflammatory responses, augmented TNF alpha-induced neuroblastoma cell differentiation in conjunction with growth inhibition and cell-cycle arrest in G1 phase.	Pentoxifylline	39-42	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	162-171
7598686-2	1995	PTX also enhanced TNF alpha-induced down-regulation of acetylcholine-mediated [Ca2+]i mobilization in neuroblastoma cells.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	18-27
7598686-4	1995	Taken together, these results indicated that PTX possessed a novel signal transduction, down-regulation of [Ca2+]i mobilization, to augment but not counteract TNF alpha-mediated functions.	Pentoxifylline	45-48	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	159-168
7747704-3	1995	The combination of pentoxifylline (PTX) and ciprofloxacin (Cipro) has been previously shown to reduce circulating serum levels of TNF.	Pentoxifylline	19-33	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	130-133
7747704-3	1995	The combination of pentoxifylline (PTX) and ciprofloxacin (Cipro) has been previously shown to reduce circulating serum levels of TNF.	Pentoxifylline	35-38	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	130-133
7747704-10	1995	There was a suggestion of decreased TNF levels during treatment with PTX and Cipro (P = .09).	Pentoxifylline	69-72	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	36-39
7769305-0	1995	High-dose pentoxifylline in patients with AIDS: inhibition of tumor necrosis factor production.	Pentoxifylline	10-24	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	62-83
7539468-3	1995	PTX can suppress tumor necrosis factor-alpha production and function, and inhibits leukocyte-endothelial cell adherence.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	17-44
7539468-10	1995	However, when PTX was added to short-term organ cultures of normal human skin biopsies, the lipopolysaccharide- and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced keratinocyte intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression was blocked completely.	Pentoxifylline	14-17	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	116-143
7539477-5	1995	The addition of pentoxifylline (10(-3) mol/L) to monocytes during MCM preparation blocked TNF-alpha production but not that of IL-1 beta or IL-6, and it reduced IL-1ra significantly (p &lt; 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	16-30	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	90-99
7539477-5	1995	The addition of pentoxifylline (10(-3) mol/L) to monocytes during MCM preparation blocked TNF-alpha production but not that of IL-1 beta or IL-6, and it reduced IL-1ra significantly (p &lt; 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	16-30	interleukin 1 receptor antagonist	Homo sapiens	161-167
7769305-3	1995	Pentoxifylline decreases TNF production.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	25-28
7769305-5	1995	Since an AIDS Clinical Trial Group study suggested that pentoxifylline (400 mg thrice daily) is safe in AIDS patients and decreases TNF mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), a second cohort received 800 mg thrice daily for 8 weeks.	Pentoxifylline	56-70	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	132-135
7769305-10	1995	Pentoxifylline at dosages of less than thrice-daily 800 mg is well tolerated and may decrease TNF mRNA levels and LPS-induced TNF production.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	94-97
7769305-10	1995	Pentoxifylline at dosages of less than thrice-daily 800 mg is well tolerated and may decrease TNF mRNA levels and LPS-induced TNF production.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	126-129
7614818-14	1995	The administration of pentoxifylline strongly attenuated the release of tissue-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1, whereas the antitumour necrosis factor antibodies blocked the fibrinolytic response entirely.	Pentoxifylline	22-36	serpin family E member 1	Pan troglodytes	110-143
7536398-6	1995	We report that the expression of VCAM-1 on isograft endothelia that was induced with anti-CD3 MAb was blocked by simultaneous treatment with either pentoxifylline, soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor (TNFR-Fc), anti-IL4 MAb, or soluble IL4R, but not by anti-IFN-gamma MAb.	Pentoxifylline	148-162	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Mus musculus	33-39
7751709-2	1995	Pentoxifylline exerted an inhibitory effect on the synthesis of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a possible mediator of CM.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	64-85
7751709-2	1995	Pentoxifylline exerted an inhibitory effect on the synthesis of tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a possible mediator of CM.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	87-90
7751709-4	1995	The better outcome in the pentoxifylline group was associated with a decline in TNF serum levels on the third day of treatment in a few subjects that was not seen in controls.	Pentoxifylline	26-40	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	80-83
7760405-6	1995	The results show that PTX therapy after injury can restore T-cell production of IL-2 and downregulate the hyperactive macrophage secretion of proinflammatory cytokines.	Pentoxifylline	22-25	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	80-84
7712469-0	1995	Disruption of p53 function sensitizes breast cancer MCF-7 cells to cisplatin and pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	81-95	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	14-17
7712469-12	1995	Our results show that a combination of CDDP and pentoxifylline is capable of synergistic and preferential killing of p53-defective tumor cells that do not readily undergo apoptosis.	Pentoxifylline	48-62	tumor protein p53	Homo sapiens	117-120
7738362-0	1995	Pentoxifylline inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha)-induced T-lymphoma cell adhesion to endothelioma cells.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	24-51
7738362-0	1995	Pentoxifylline inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha)-induced T-lymphoma cell adhesion to endothelioma cells.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	53-62
7738362-4	1995	Pentoxifylline reduced the ability of endothelioma cells stimulated with different concentrations of TNF alpha, but not of untreated endothelioma cells, to bind T-lymphoma cells in dose-dependent (10(-5)-10(-3) M) fashion.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	101-110
7738362-5	1995	Selective incubation of either endothelioma cells or T-lymphoma cells revealed that pentoxifylline acted exclusively on the endothelioma cells, even when added after TNF alpha stimulation.	Pentoxifylline	84-98	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	166-175
7738362-8	1995	We conclude that pentoxifylline in therapeutically achievable concentrations is a potent inhibitor of TNF alpha-induced T-lymphoma cell adhesion to endothelioma cells.	Pentoxifylline	17-31	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	102-111
7705782-2	1995	To investigate this possibility, the current study sought to determine whether the release of O2- and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) from Kupffer cells in donor livers can be suppressed if the organs are exposed to PTX before preservation.	Pentoxifylline	212-215	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39	Homo sapiens	94-123
7705782-2	1995	To investigate this possibility, the current study sought to determine whether the release of O2- and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) from Kupffer cells in donor livers can be suppressed if the organs are exposed to PTX before preservation.	Pentoxifylline	212-215	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	125-128
7705782-7	1995	Compared with controls, the Kupffer cells from grafts pretreated with PTX produced significantly less O2- and TNF, and the recipients of PTX-pretreated grafts had lower levels of TNF and AST 3 hours after transplantation.	Pentoxifylline	70-73	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	110-113
7705782-7	1995	Compared with controls, the Kupffer cells from grafts pretreated with PTX produced significantly less O2- and TNF, and the recipients of PTX-pretreated grafts had lower levels of TNF and AST 3 hours after transplantation.	Pentoxifylline	137-140	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	179-182
7705782-8	1995	The current data indicate that O2- and TNF production in liver grafts is suppressed by PTX pretreatment.	Pentoxifylline	87-90	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	31-42
7791152-2	1995	In vitro data suggest that pentoxifylline may possess anti-TNF-alpha properties.	Pentoxifylline	27-41	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	59-68
7547677-7	1995	Paradoxically, drugs that effectively inhibit expression of TNF-alpha via the elevation of intracellular cAMP level (iloprost, pentoxifylline, prostaglandin E2 and N6,2-O-dibutyryl cAMP) augmented the endotoxin-induced IL-10 synthesis at both protein and mRNA levels.	Pentoxifylline	127-141	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	60-69
8590313-7	1995	Suppression of TNF-alpha secretion in response to Listeria by TGF-beta, IL-10, dexamethasone, or pentoxifylline did not closely parallel antilisterial activity.	Pentoxifylline	97-111	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	15-24
7773801-0	1995	Pentoxifylline improves survival and reduces tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6, and endothelin-1 in fulminant intra-abdominal sepsis in rats.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor-like	Rattus norvegicus	45-66
7773801-0	1995	Pentoxifylline improves survival and reduces tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6, and endothelin-1 in fulminant intra-abdominal sepsis in rats.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	68-81
7773801-0	1995	Pentoxifylline improves survival and reduces tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-6, and endothelin-1 in fulminant intra-abdominal sepsis in rats.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	87-99
7773801-9	1995	In summary, PTX improves survival and reduces blood concentrations of TNF, IL-6, lactate, and endothelin-1 in fulminant intra-abdominal sepsis in rats.	Pentoxifylline	12-15	tumor necrosis factor-like	Rattus norvegicus	70-73
7773801-9	1995	In summary, PTX improves survival and reduces blood concentrations of TNF, IL-6, lactate, and endothelin-1 in fulminant intra-abdominal sepsis in rats.	Pentoxifylline	12-15	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	75-79
7773801-9	1995	In summary, PTX improves survival and reduces blood concentrations of TNF, IL-6, lactate, and endothelin-1 in fulminant intra-abdominal sepsis in rats.	Pentoxifylline	12-15	endothelin 1	Rattus norvegicus	94-106
7773801-10	1995	The primary effect of PTX in this sequence is probably reduction of TNF.	Pentoxifylline	22-25	tumor necrosis factor-like	Rattus norvegicus	68-71
7726539-0	1995	Effect of various pentoxiphylline concentrations on macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha production.	Pentoxifylline	18-33	C-C motif chemokine ligand 3	Homo sapiens	52-91
7530274-6	1995	Assay for the presence of nuclear NF-1 by gel mobility shift analysis showed that extracts from interferon, PTX, and PTF-treated fibroblasts lacked proteins recognizing the consensus DNA binding sequence for NF-1.	Pentoxifylline	108-111	neurofibromin 1	Homo sapiens	34-38
7578989-0	1995	Effects of pentoxifylline on human polymorphonuclear neutrophil responses to TNF in whole blood.	Pentoxifylline	11-25	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	77-80
7578989-1	1995	We used flow cytometry to study the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the expression of adhesion molecules and fMLP receptors on whole-blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in response to TNF, together with the oxidative burst and actin polymerisation.	Pentoxifylline	47-61	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	112-116
7578989-1	1995	We used flow cytometry to study the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the expression of adhesion molecules and fMLP receptors on whole-blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in response to TNF, together with the oxidative burst and actin polymerisation.	Pentoxifylline	47-61	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	193-196
7578989-1	1995	We used flow cytometry to study the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the expression of adhesion molecules and fMLP receptors on whole-blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in response to TNF, together with the oxidative burst and actin polymerisation.	Pentoxifylline	63-66	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	112-116
7578989-1	1995	We used flow cytometry to study the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on the expression of adhesion molecules and fMLP receptors on whole-blood polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) in response to TNF, together with the oxidative burst and actin polymerisation.	Pentoxifylline	63-66	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	193-196
7578989-3	1995	PTX reduced CD11b upregulation induced by TNF.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	12-17
7578989-3	1995	PTX reduced CD11b upregulation induced by TNF.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	42-45
7578989-4	1995	Moreover, PTX reduced both TNF-induced binding of bacterial formyl peptides (fMLP) by human PMN and TNF priming of the PMN oxidative burst in response to these peptides.	Pentoxifylline	10-13	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	27-30
7578989-4	1995	Moreover, PTX reduced both TNF-induced binding of bacterial formyl peptides (fMLP) by human PMN and TNF priming of the PMN oxidative burst in response to these peptides.	Pentoxifylline	10-13	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	77-81
7578989-4	1995	Moreover, PTX reduced both TNF-induced binding of bacterial formyl peptides (fMLP) by human PMN and TNF priming of the PMN oxidative burst in response to these peptides.	Pentoxifylline	10-13	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	100-103
7578989-5	1995	PTX also reduced TNF-induced actin polymerisation, which has been reported to participate in receptor cycling.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	17-20
7578989-6	1995	This phenomenon could account in part for the ability of PTX to reduce fMLP binding to the PMN surface and subsequently to inhibit the PMN oxidative burst in response to fMLP.	Pentoxifylline	57-60	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	71-75
7578989-6	1995	This phenomenon could account in part for the ability of PTX to reduce fMLP binding to the PMN surface and subsequently to inhibit the PMN oxidative burst in response to fMLP.	Pentoxifylline	57-60	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	170-174
7578989-7	1995	In addition to the PTX-induced decrease of TNF production, these effects on PMN could be beneficial in pathological conditions where high TNF production may induce excessive PMN activation, leading to vascular damage and tissue injury.	Pentoxifylline	19-22	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	43-46
7578989-7	1995	In addition to the PTX-induced decrease of TNF production, these effects on PMN could be beneficial in pathological conditions where high TNF production may induce excessive PMN activation, leading to vascular damage and tissue injury.	Pentoxifylline	19-22	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	138-141
7736673-0	1995	Pentoxifylline reduces proteinuria in insulin-dependent and non insulin-dependent diabetic patients.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	insulin	Homo sapiens	38-45
7844376-2	1995	Pentoxifylline, chlorpromazine, and thalidomide inhibit TNF-alpha production.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	56-65
7844376-5	1995	Chlorpromazine and pentoxifylline significantly reduced postendotoxin circulating TNF-alpha, by 89% and 76%, respectively.	Pentoxifylline	19-33	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	82-91
7779427-0	1995	Pentoxifylline increases RIF-1 tumour pO2 in a manner compatible with its ability to increase relative tumour perfusion.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	replication timing regulatory factor 1	Homo sapiens	25-30
7852838-8	1995	Our investigations concerning production of superoxide anion and TNF-alpha by LPS and/or IFN-gamma activated bone marrow and peritoneal macrophages, MHC class II expression on these cells, and the proliferative capacity and Il-2 production of mitogen activated lymphocytes, revealed that PTX reduces the activation and the inflammatory response of these cells.	Pentoxifylline	288-291	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	224-228
7852838-10	1995	MRL-lpr mice treated with PTX showed diminished proteinuria, reduced titer of dsDNA-autoantibodies in the plasma and an increased survival rate.	Pentoxifylline	26-29	Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6)	Mus musculus	4-7
7852838-11	1995	Our data clearly demonstrate that PTX is able to diminish the severity of the disease and to prolong the life of MRL-lpr/lpr mice.	Pentoxifylline	34-37	Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6)	Mus musculus	117-120
7852838-11	1995	Our data clearly demonstrate that PTX is able to diminish the severity of the disease and to prolong the life of MRL-lpr/lpr mice.	Pentoxifylline	34-37	Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6)	Mus musculus	121-124
7739095-13	1995	PF treatment showed beneficial effects not only on the cardiac output and the SMA blood flow, but also on pHi.	Pentoxifylline	0-2	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	106-109
8548203-1	1995	Pentoxifylline inhibited the TNF production of purified human white blood cells and whole blood cultures stimulated either by LPS or by Staphylococcus aureus.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	29-32
8548203-4	1995	Administration of PTX to septic patients resulted in the normalization of TNF synthesis and in a moderate decrease in IL-6 production.	Pentoxifylline	18-21	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	74-77
8548203-4	1995	Administration of PTX to septic patients resulted in the normalization of TNF synthesis and in a moderate decrease in IL-6 production.	Pentoxifylline	18-21	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	118-122
8548203-8	1995	The level of soluble ICAM-1 in the serum of septic patients was significantly higher than in normal individuals, but it decreased following PTX and PentaglobinO therapy.	Pentoxifylline	140-143	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	21-27
7640043-0	1995	The effects of oral pentoxifylline on interleukin-2 toxicity in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma.	Pentoxifylline	20-34	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	38-51
7531948-5	1995	Butanol and PTX also significantly reduced the upregulation of CD11b/CD18 by f-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) and platelet-activating factor (PAF) but not by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA).	Pentoxifylline	12-15	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	63-68
7531948-5	1995	Butanol and PTX also significantly reduced the upregulation of CD11b/CD18 by f-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) and platelet-activating factor (PAF) but not by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA).	Pentoxifylline	12-15	integrin subunit beta 2	Homo sapiens	69-73
7788449-8	1995	Inhibitory effects on serum TNF production were obtained with similar doses of dexamethasone sodium phosphate and one hundred-fold higher doses of pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	147-161	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	28-31
22514378-5	1995	Pentoxifylline has also been reported to alter tnf-alpha mrna levels by inhibiting tnf-a transcription.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	47-56
22514378-5	1995	Pentoxifylline has also been reported to alter tnf-alpha mrna levels by inhibiting tnf-a transcription.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	47-52
8750143-6	1995	Patients receiving higher levels of chemotherapy were therefore allocated or not to an additional regimen involving pentoxifylline, ciprofloxacin and dexamethasone in an attempt to inhibit tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) which is believed to be one of the principal mediators of chemotherapy-related organ toxicity.	Pentoxifylline	116-130	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	219-228
7538329-2	1995	Pentoxifylline (PTXF) is well known as an inhibitor of TNF synthesis, whereas information about its role in suppression of NO generation is much less available.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	55-58
7538329-2	1995	Pentoxifylline (PTXF) is well known as an inhibitor of TNF synthesis, whereas information about its role in suppression of NO generation is much less available.	Pentoxifylline	16-20	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	55-58
7538329-3	1995	In our study, we have shown that PTXF suppresses the synthesis of both mediators, TNF and NO, released by macrophages activated with different stimuli.	Pentoxifylline	33-37	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	82-85
7640043-2	1995	Preclinical studies show that pentoxifylline (PTXF), a methylxanthine derivative, inhibits IL-2 toxicity while preserving anti-tumour efficacy.	Pentoxifylline	30-44	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	91-95
7843225-3	1995	Cicaprost (a stable analogue of prostacyclin) and pentoxifylline added simultaneously to LPS-stimulated PBMC (2.0 x 10(6)/ml) induced a rapid increase of cAMP to a level of 100 nM that peaked within 10 min and remained at a plateau for up to 4 h. Thus combined prostanoids and PDE inhibitors enhanced cAMP accumulation.	Pentoxifylline	50-64	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	154-158
7640043-2	1995	Preclinical studies show that pentoxifylline (PTXF), a methylxanthine derivative, inhibits IL-2 toxicity while preserving anti-tumour efficacy.	Pentoxifylline	46-50	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	91-95
7843225-3	1995	Cicaprost (a stable analogue of prostacyclin) and pentoxifylline added simultaneously to LPS-stimulated PBMC (2.0 x 10(6)/ml) induced a rapid increase of cAMP to a level of 100 nM that peaked within 10 min and remained at a plateau for up to 4 h. Thus combined prostanoids and PDE inhibitors enhanced cAMP accumulation.	Pentoxifylline	50-64	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	301-305
7640043-3	1995	This study was designed to determine whether oral PTXF would alter IL-2-induced toxicities.	Pentoxifylline	50-54	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	67-71
8699846-5	1995	Therefore, we were interested in evaluating, in patients with venous leg ulcers, the effect of pentoxifylline administered at 1,200 mg daily (versus placebo) for 2-months, as this drug induces a decrease in TNF-alpha synthesis and also blocks its activity.	Pentoxifylline	95-109	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	207-216
7843225-4	1995	TNF-alpha suppression in the presence of pentoxifylline and prostanoids exceeded that of either drug alone.	Pentoxifylline	41-55	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	0-9
8699848-0	1995	Pentoxifylline: a potential treatment for thrombosis associated with abnormal tissue factor expression by monocytes and endothelial cells.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	78-91
8699867-3	1995	The results showed that PTX at 5 x 10(-4) M concentration selectively suppressed Th-1 cytokines [interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)] but not IL-4, as observed by the measurement of protein secretion.	Pentoxifylline	24-27	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	122-138
8699848-5	1995	In vitro, pentoxifylline (PTX) inhibits monocyte production of TF in response to endotoxin, as well as endothelial cell production of TF in response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha).	Pentoxifylline	10-24	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	63-65
8699867-3	1995	The results showed that PTX at 5 x 10(-4) M concentration selectively suppressed Th-1 cytokines [interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)] but not IL-4, as observed by the measurement of protein secretion.	Pentoxifylline	24-27	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	140-149
8699848-5	1995	In vitro, pentoxifylline (PTX) inhibits monocyte production of TF in response to endotoxin, as well as endothelial cell production of TF in response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha).	Pentoxifylline	26-29	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	63-65
8699867-4	1995	Using sensitive RT-PCR assays, data show that at this same PTX concentration (5 x 10(-4) M), these cells also exhibited inhibition in the expression of IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA, together with inhibition of IL-2 and IFN-gamma mRNA expression.	Pentoxifylline	59-62	interleukin 4	Homo sapiens	152-156
8699867-4	1995	Using sensitive RT-PCR assays, data show that at this same PTX concentration (5 x 10(-4) M), these cells also exhibited inhibition in the expression of IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA, together with inhibition of IL-2 and IFN-gamma mRNA expression.	Pentoxifylline	59-62	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	161-166
8699856-6	1995	Alkylxanthines, including pentoxifylline, are potent inhibitors of this inflammatory damage by two major actions: (a) reduction of the production of inflammatory cytokines (especially TNF) by phagocytes stimulated with a variety of microbial products (e.g., endotoxin); and (b) reversal of the effect of these cytokines on phagocytes.	Pentoxifylline	26-40	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	184-187
8699867-4	1995	Using sensitive RT-PCR assays, data show that at this same PTX concentration (5 x 10(-4) M), these cells also exhibited inhibition in the expression of IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA, together with inhibition of IL-2 and IFN-gamma mRNA expression.	Pentoxifylline	59-62	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	210-219
8699858-1	1995	Pentoxifylline (PTX) has been reported to potentially inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF) synthesis by monocytes/macrophages.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	85-88
8699867-7	1995	Our findings showed that PTX at the appropriate concentrations could induce selective suppression of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, whereas at high concentrations this drug could act as a suppressive agent of both Th1- and Th2-derived cytokines.	Pentoxifylline	25-28	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	101-105
8699867-7	1995	Our findings showed that PTX at the appropriate concentrations could induce selective suppression of IL-2 and IFN-gamma, whereas at high concentrations this drug could act as a suppressive agent of both Th1- and Th2-derived cytokines.	Pentoxifylline	25-28	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	110-119
8699858-1	1995	Pentoxifylline (PTX) has been reported to potentially inhibit tumor necrosis factor (TNF) synthesis by monocytes/macrophages.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	85-88
8699868-0	1995	Production of proinflammatory cytokines and cytokines involved in the TH1/TH2 balance is modulated by pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	102-116	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	70-73
8699858-2	1995	Because inflammatory processes involve both leukocytes and vascular cells, we tested the effects of PTX on TNF and interleukin-6 (IL-6) production by the vessel wall in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS).	Pentoxifylline	100-103	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	107-110
8699868-1	1995	The modulation of cytokine release induced by pentoxifylline (PTX) has recently been demonstrated not to be restricted solely to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	62-65	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	129-162
8699858-6	1995	The addition of PTX dose-dependently suppressed the production of TNF by 26 +/- 7%, 58 +/- 6%, and 85 +/- 9% at 10, 100, and 1,000 microM, respectively.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	66-69
8699868-7	1995	Finally, IL-10 was also influenced by PTX (65% of baseline).	Pentoxifylline	38-41	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	9-14
8699858-9	1995	PTX may be useful in vascular inflammatory diseases, in which serum TNF levels have been shown to be correlated with the severity of the disease.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	68-71
8699869-0	1995	Influence of pentoxifylline on membrane thrombomodulin levels in endothelial cells submitted to hypoxic conditions.	Pentoxifylline	13-27	thrombomodulin	Homo sapiens	40-54
8699866-7	1995	Catalase reduced the neutrophil apoptosis and this effect was cumulative with the effect of PTX.	Pentoxifylline	92-95	catalase	Homo sapiens	0-8
8699870-0	1995	Inhibitors of phosphodiesterase (pentoxifylline, trequinsin) inhibit apical and subcellular matrix expression of tissue factor in cultured human endothelial cells.	Pentoxifylline	33-47	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	113-126
8699870-9	1995	Pentoxifylline inhibited the expression of TF both on the cell surface and in the matrix.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	43-45
8699873-15	1995	In the PTX group the following variables were improved compared with the placebo group: CD11b expression on PMNs, elastase released from PMNs, fibrinogen, CRP, TNF-alpha, and IL6 in plasma.	Pentoxifylline	7-10	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	88-93
8699873-15	1995	In the PTX group the following variables were improved compared with the placebo group: CD11b expression on PMNs, elastase released from PMNs, fibrinogen, CRP, TNF-alpha, and IL6 in plasma.	Pentoxifylline	7-10	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	155-158
8699873-15	1995	In the PTX group the following variables were improved compared with the placebo group: CD11b expression on PMNs, elastase released from PMNs, fibrinogen, CRP, TNF-alpha, and IL6 in plasma.	Pentoxifylline	7-10	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	160-169
8699867-1	1995	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methyl xanthine derivative, was examined for its regulatory effect on Th1-and Th2-cell-derived cytokines in human whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	94-97
8699873-15	1995	In the PTX group the following variables were improved compared with the placebo group: CD11b expression on PMNs, elastase released from PMNs, fibrinogen, CRP, TNF-alpha, and IL6 in plasma.	Pentoxifylline	7-10	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	175-178
8699867-1	1995	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methyl xanthine derivative, was examined for its regulatory effect on Th1-and Th2-cell-derived cytokines in human whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA).	Pentoxifylline	16-19	negative elongation factor complex member C/D	Homo sapiens	94-97
8699867-3	1995	The results showed that PTX at 5 x 10(-4) M concentration selectively suppressed Th-1 cytokines [interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)] but not IL-4, as observed by the measurement of protein secretion.	Pentoxifylline	24-27	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	97-110
8699867-3	1995	The results showed that PTX at 5 x 10(-4) M concentration selectively suppressed Th-1 cytokines [interleukin-2 (IL-2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)] but not IL-4, as observed by the measurement of protein secretion.	Pentoxifylline	24-27	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	112-116
7705432-3	1994	Doses that reduced TNF levels by 50% were 0.012 mg/kg for dexamethasone, 0.06 mg/kg for R-PIA, 0.24 mg/kg for pentamidine, 6.5 mg/kg for fusidic acid and 15 mg/kg for pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	167-181	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	19-22
8579638-0	1995	Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor production and ICAM-1 expression by pentoxifylline: beneficial effects in sepsis syndrome.	Pentoxifylline	72-86	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	14-35
8579638-0	1995	Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor production and ICAM-1 expression by pentoxifylline: beneficial effects in sepsis syndrome.	Pentoxifylline	72-86	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	51-57
8579638-11	1995	It is presumed that the suppressive effect of pentoxifylline on TNF production may be of clinical importance, improving the therapeutic strategies in septic syndrome.	Pentoxifylline	46-60	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	64-67
7988727-0	1994	Interleukin-10 and pentoxifylline inhibit C-reactive protein-induced tissue factor gene expression in peripheral human blood monocytes.	Pentoxifylline	19-33	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	42-60
7988727-0	1994	Interleukin-10 and pentoxifylline inhibit C-reactive protein-induced tissue factor gene expression in peripheral human blood monocytes.	Pentoxifylline	19-33	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	69-82
7988727-3	1994	We report the inhibitory effect of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and that of pentoxifylline, a methyl xanthine derivative, on monocyte expression of TF activity, TF protein and TF mRNA in response to CRP.	Pentoxifylline	70-84	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	142-144
7988727-3	1994	We report the inhibitory effect of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and that of pentoxifylline, a methyl xanthine derivative, on monocyte expression of TF activity, TF protein and TF mRNA in response to CRP.	Pentoxifylline	70-84	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	155-157
7988727-3	1994	We report the inhibitory effect of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and that of pentoxifylline, a methyl xanthine derivative, on monocyte expression of TF activity, TF protein and TF mRNA in response to CRP.	Pentoxifylline	70-84	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	155-157
7988727-3	1994	We report the inhibitory effect of interleukin 10 (IL-10) and that of pentoxifylline, a methyl xanthine derivative, on monocyte expression of TF activity, TF protein and TF mRNA in response to CRP.	Pentoxifylline	70-84	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	193-196
7628060-5	1994	BRL 61063 inhibited TNF production with an ID50 of 0.1 mg/kg, rolipram at 1 mg/kg, and PTX at 200 mg/kg.	Pentoxifylline	87-90	von Willebrand factor C domain-containing protein 2-like	Mus musculus	0-3
7794347-0	1994	Effects of oral pentoxifylline on TNF-alpha levels, transplant-related toxicities and engraftment after bone marrow transplantation.	Pentoxifylline	16-30	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	34-43
7628064-4	1994	Pentoxifylline inhibited endotoxin-induced increases in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) activity in a dose-related fashion, whether added before, at the same time, or after endotoxin.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Equus caballus	56-77
7628060-6	1994	Thus, BRL 61063 is 2,000 times more potent than PTX in reducing TNF serum levels in this model.	Pentoxifylline	48-51	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	64-67
7628064-4	1994	Pentoxifylline inhibited endotoxin-induced increases in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) activity in a dose-related fashion, whether added before, at the same time, or after endotoxin.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Equus caballus	79-82
7526541-8	1994	Blockade of TNF-alpha by a pentoxifylline treatment led to the decrease of IL-1 and iNOS expression accompanied by a reduction of the volume of the lesions indicating that the Tat-induced lesions might be mediated by TNF production.	Pentoxifylline	27-41	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	12-21
7628064-4	1994	Pentoxifylline inhibited endotoxin-induced increases in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) activity in a dose-related fashion, whether added before, at the same time, or after endotoxin.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 6	Equus caballus	88-101
7628064-4	1994	Pentoxifylline inhibited endotoxin-induced increases in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) activity in a dose-related fashion, whether added before, at the same time, or after endotoxin.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 6	Equus caballus	103-107
7730240-5	1994	This response was concentration-dependent, and peak TNF alpha levels were detected between 3 and 6 h. This effect was attenuated by incorporation of AmB into liposomal vesicles and by pretreating macrophages with pentoxifylline or dexamethasone.	Pentoxifylline	213-227	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	52-61
7996376-0	1994	Effects of pentoxifylline on sputum neutrophil elastase and pulmonary function in patients with cystic fibrosis: preliminary observations.	Pentoxifylline	11-25	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	36-55
7996376-2	1994	To test this hypothesis, we studied pentoxifylline, a compound that inhibits tumor necrosis factor alpha transcription and its stimulatory effect on polymorphonuclear neutrophils, in patients with CF who had chronic Pseudomonas bronchitis.	Pentoxifylline	36-50	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	77-104
7996376-10	1994	These findings support the hypothesis that polymorphonuclear neutrophil elastase is a factor in the evolution of CF lung disease; further studies are needed to define the role of pentoxifylline in the treatment of CF.	Pentoxifylline	179-193	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	61-80
7526541-8	1994	Blockade of TNF-alpha by a pentoxifylline treatment led to the decrease of IL-1 and iNOS expression accompanied by a reduction of the volume of the lesions indicating that the Tat-induced lesions might be mediated by TNF production.	Pentoxifylline	27-41	interleukin 1 complex	Mus musculus	75-79
7526541-8	1994	Blockade of TNF-alpha by a pentoxifylline treatment led to the decrease of IL-1 and iNOS expression accompanied by a reduction of the volume of the lesions indicating that the Tat-induced lesions might be mediated by TNF production.	Pentoxifylline	27-41	nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible	Mus musculus	84-88
7526541-8	1994	Blockade of TNF-alpha by a pentoxifylline treatment led to the decrease of IL-1 and iNOS expression accompanied by a reduction of the volume of the lesions indicating that the Tat-induced lesions might be mediated by TNF production.	Pentoxifylline	27-41	tyrosine aminotransferase	Mus musculus	176-179
7526541-8	1994	Blockade of TNF-alpha by a pentoxifylline treatment led to the decrease of IL-1 and iNOS expression accompanied by a reduction of the volume of the lesions indicating that the Tat-induced lesions might be mediated by TNF production.	Pentoxifylline	27-41	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	12-15
7613495-3	1994	Another way could be the inhibition of the TNF production at the transcription level with iloprost or at the translation level with pentoxifylline (PTX).	Pentoxifylline	132-146	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	43-46
7919341-0	1994	Pentoxifylline inhibits integrin-mediated adherence of interleukin-2- activated human peripheral blood lymphocytes to human umbilical vein endothelial cells, matrix components, and cultured tumor cells.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	55-68
7835945-0	1994	Pentoxifylline in vivo down-regulates the release of IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	53-62
7835945-0	1994	Pentoxifylline in vivo down-regulates the release of IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	64-68
7835945-0	1994	Pentoxifylline in vivo down-regulates the release of IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	70-74
7835945-1	1994	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methylxanthine compound known to inhibit the production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), which is an important inflammatory mediator.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	115-124
7835945-1	1994	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methylxanthine compound known to inhibit the production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), which is an important inflammatory mediator.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	115-124
7835945-2	1994	There is also recent evidence that PTX may influence other inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6.	Pentoxifylline	35-38	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	106-110
7835945-2	1994	There is also recent evidence that PTX may influence other inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 (IL-1) and IL-6.	Pentoxifylline	35-38	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	116-120
7835945-3	1994	Due to the therapeutic implications, the present study addressed the in vivo effects of PTX on the release of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-8 by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).	Pentoxifylline	88-91	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	110-119
7835945-3	1994	Due to the therapeutic implications, the present study addressed the in vivo effects of PTX on the release of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-8 by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).	Pentoxifylline	88-91	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	121-130
7835945-3	1994	Due to the therapeutic implications, the present study addressed the in vivo effects of PTX on the release of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-8 by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).	Pentoxifylline	88-91	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	132-136
7835945-3	1994	Due to the therapeutic implications, the present study addressed the in vivo effects of PTX on the release of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-8 by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).	Pentoxifylline	88-91	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	141-145
7835945-4	1994	When PBMC were obtained from healthy volunteers ingesting 5 x 400 mg PTX orally for 2 days, the ability of PBMC cultured for 24 hr to release TNF-alpha was significantly reduced, while secretion of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-8 was not affected.	Pentoxifylline	69-72	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	142-151
7835945-4	1994	When PBMC were obtained from healthy volunteers ingesting 5 x 400 mg PTX orally for 2 days, the ability of PBMC cultured for 24 hr to release TNF-alpha was significantly reduced, while secretion of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-8 was not affected.	Pentoxifylline	69-72	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	198-207
7835945-4	1994	When PBMC were obtained from healthy volunteers ingesting 5 x 400 mg PTX orally for 2 days, the ability of PBMC cultured for 24 hr to release TNF-alpha was significantly reduced, while secretion of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-8 was not affected.	Pentoxifylline	69-72	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	209-213
8790599-0	1994	Pentoxifylline and other protein kinase C inhibitors down-regulate HIV-LTR NF-kappa B induced gene expression.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	75-85
8790599-2	1994	MATERIALS AND METHODS: The inhibition by PTX of protein kinase C (PKC) or cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA)-mediated activation by phorbol ester (PMA) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) of HIV-1-LTR-regulated reporter gene expression was studied in human CD4+ T lymphocytes (Jurkat) and human embryo kidney cells (293-27-2).	Pentoxifylline	41-44	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	186-195
8790599-4	1994	RESULTS: PTX inhibited PKC- or PKA-catalyzed activation of NF-kappa B in cytoplasmic extracts from unstimulated Jurkat or 293-27-2 cells, but not interaction of preactivated NF-kappa B with its motifs.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	proline rich transmembrane protein 2	Homo sapiens	23-27
8790599-4	1994	RESULTS: PTX inhibited PKC- or PKA-catalyzed activation of NF-kappa B in cytoplasmic extracts from unstimulated Jurkat or 293-27-2 cells, but not interaction of preactivated NF-kappa B with its motifs.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	59-69
8790599-4	1994	RESULTS: PTX inhibited PKC- or PKA-catalyzed activation of NF-kappa B in cytoplasmic extracts from unstimulated Jurkat or 293-27-2 cells, but not interaction of preactivated NF-kappa B with its motifs.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	174-184
8790599-7	1994	CONCLUSIONS: The mechanism of inhibitory action of PTX on virus replication and NF-kappa B-induced transactivation of HIV-1 gene expression has been elucidated as due to blocking PKC-dependent PMA- or TNF-alpha-induced activation of NF-kappa B in Jurkat and 293-27-2 cells.	Pentoxifylline	51-54	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	80-90
8790599-7	1994	CONCLUSIONS: The mechanism of inhibitory action of PTX on virus replication and NF-kappa B-induced transactivation of HIV-1 gene expression has been elucidated as due to blocking PKC-dependent PMA- or TNF-alpha-induced activation of NF-kappa B in Jurkat and 293-27-2 cells.	Pentoxifylline	51-54	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	201-210
8790599-7	1994	CONCLUSIONS: The mechanism of inhibitory action of PTX on virus replication and NF-kappa B-induced transactivation of HIV-1 gene expression has been elucidated as due to blocking PKC-dependent PMA- or TNF-alpha-induced activation of NF-kappa B in Jurkat and 293-27-2 cells.	Pentoxifylline	51-54	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	233-243
7835945-4	1994	When PBMC were obtained from healthy volunteers ingesting 5 x 400 mg PTX orally for 2 days, the ability of PBMC cultured for 24 hr to release TNF-alpha was significantly reduced, while secretion of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-8 was not affected.	Pentoxifylline	69-72	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	218-222
7835945-8	1994	Under these conditions, only TNF-alpha was found to be reduced by PTX, while IL-1 beta and IL-8 were not affected, IL-6 was even enhanced.	Pentoxifylline	66-69	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	29-38
7835945-8	1994	Under these conditions, only TNF-alpha was found to be reduced by PTX, while IL-1 beta and IL-8 were not affected, IL-6 was even enhanced.	Pentoxifylline	66-69	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	115-119
7835945-9	1994	However, when PBMC were incubated with PTX for 24 hr, PTX removed thereafter by medium change and cells further cultured, the production not only of TNF-alpha but also of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-8 was reduced, demonstrating that PTX exerts diverse (inhibitory) effects on cytokine release by PBMC.	Pentoxifylline	39-42	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	149-158
7613495-3	1994	Another way could be the inhibition of the TNF production at the transcription level with iloprost or at the translation level with pentoxifylline (PTX).	Pentoxifylline	148-151	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	43-46
7814457-9	1994	A comparison was made between BDPT and pentoxyfilline, a xanthine-derived phosphodisterase inhibitor that was reported to inhibit TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta secretion by PBM.	Pentoxifylline	39-53	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	130-139
7835945-9	1994	However, when PBMC were incubated with PTX for 24 hr, PTX removed thereafter by medium change and cells further cultured, the production not only of TNF-alpha but also of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-8 was reduced, demonstrating that PTX exerts diverse (inhibitory) effects on cytokine release by PBMC.	Pentoxifylline	39-42	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	171-180
7835945-9	1994	However, when PBMC were incubated with PTX for 24 hr, PTX removed thereafter by medium change and cells further cultured, the production not only of TNF-alpha but also of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-8 was reduced, demonstrating that PTX exerts diverse (inhibitory) effects on cytokine release by PBMC.	Pentoxifylline	39-42	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	182-186
7835945-9	1994	However, when PBMC were incubated with PTX for 24 hr, PTX removed thereafter by medium change and cells further cultured, the production not only of TNF-alpha but also of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-8 was reduced, demonstrating that PTX exerts diverse (inhibitory) effects on cytokine release by PBMC.	Pentoxifylline	39-42	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	191-195
7835945-9	1994	However, when PBMC were incubated with PTX for 24 hr, PTX removed thereafter by medium change and cells further cultured, the production not only of TNF-alpha but also of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-8 was reduced, demonstrating that PTX exerts diverse (inhibitory) effects on cytokine release by PBMC.	Pentoxifylline	54-57	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	149-158
7835945-9	1994	However, when PBMC were incubated with PTX for 24 hr, PTX removed thereafter by medium change and cells further cultured, the production not only of TNF-alpha but also of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-8 was reduced, demonstrating that PTX exerts diverse (inhibitory) effects on cytokine release by PBMC.	Pentoxifylline	54-57	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	171-180
7835945-9	1994	However, when PBMC were incubated with PTX for 24 hr, PTX removed thereafter by medium change and cells further cultured, the production not only of TNF-alpha but also of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-8 was reduced, demonstrating that PTX exerts diverse (inhibitory) effects on cytokine release by PBMC.	Pentoxifylline	54-57	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	182-186
7835945-9	1994	However, when PBMC were incubated with PTX for 24 hr, PTX removed thereafter by medium change and cells further cultured, the production not only of TNF-alpha but also of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-8 was reduced, demonstrating that PTX exerts diverse (inhibitory) effects on cytokine release by PBMC.	Pentoxifylline	54-57	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	191-195
7835945-9	1994	However, when PBMC were incubated with PTX for 24 hr, PTX removed thereafter by medium change and cells further cultured, the production not only of TNF-alpha but also of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-8 was reduced, demonstrating that PTX exerts diverse (inhibitory) effects on cytokine release by PBMC.	Pentoxifylline	54-57	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	149-158
7835945-9	1994	However, when PBMC were incubated with PTX for 24 hr, PTX removed thereafter by medium change and cells further cultured, the production not only of TNF-alpha but also of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-8 was reduced, demonstrating that PTX exerts diverse (inhibitory) effects on cytokine release by PBMC.	Pentoxifylline	54-57	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	171-180
7835945-9	1994	However, when PBMC were incubated with PTX for 24 hr, PTX removed thereafter by medium change and cells further cultured, the production not only of TNF-alpha but also of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-8 was reduced, demonstrating that PTX exerts diverse (inhibitory) effects on cytokine release by PBMC.	Pentoxifylline	54-57	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	182-186
7835945-9	1994	However, when PBMC were incubated with PTX for 24 hr, PTX removed thereafter by medium change and cells further cultured, the production not only of TNF-alpha but also of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-8 was reduced, demonstrating that PTX exerts diverse (inhibitory) effects on cytokine release by PBMC.	Pentoxifylline	54-57	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	191-195
7806430-0	1994	Pentoxifylline inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated cytotoxicity and cytostasis in L929 murine fibrosarcoma cells.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	24-51
7806430-2	1994	In animal models, pentoxifylline attenuates the morbidity and mortality of bacterial sepsis, an effect which has been attributed to its ability to suppress the induction of TNF alpha.	Pentoxifylline	18-32	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	173-182
7806430-3	1994	To determine whether pentoxifylline also directly inhibits the effects of TNF alpha, the ability to inhibit cytotoxicity on the TNF alpha-sensitive murine fibrosarcoma cell line, L929, was examined.	Pentoxifylline	21-35	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	128-137
7806430-8	1994	At concentrations of TNF alpha of 10,000 U/ml, cell viability which was 11% of control with TNF alpha alone increased to 53% in the presence of pentoxifylline (P = 0.002).	Pentoxifylline	144-158	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	21-30
7806430-10	1994	Co-incubation with pentoxifylline significantly increased uptake to 13% of control at both TNF alpha concentrations (P = 0.002).	Pentoxifylline	19-33	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	91-100
7806430-12	1994	However, in TNF alpha receptor binding assays, incubation with pentoxifylline 1 mM for 4 h was associated with an increase in the receptor affinity (control: KD = 0.42 nM vs pentoxifylline-treated: KD = 0.21 nM, P = 0.006), without significant change in number of type I TNF alpha receptors, suggesting that pentoxifylline affects post-receptor signalling events.	Pentoxifylline	63-77	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	12-21
7806430-12	1994	However, in TNF alpha receptor binding assays, incubation with pentoxifylline 1 mM for 4 h was associated with an increase in the receptor affinity (control: KD = 0.42 nM vs pentoxifylline-treated: KD = 0.21 nM, P = 0.006), without significant change in number of type I TNF alpha receptors, suggesting that pentoxifylline affects post-receptor signalling events.	Pentoxifylline	63-77	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	271-280
7806430-12	1994	However, in TNF alpha receptor binding assays, incubation with pentoxifylline 1 mM for 4 h was associated with an increase in the receptor affinity (control: KD = 0.42 nM vs pentoxifylline-treated: KD = 0.21 nM, P = 0.006), without significant change in number of type I TNF alpha receptors, suggesting that pentoxifylline affects post-receptor signalling events.	Pentoxifylline	174-188	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	12-21
7806430-12	1994	However, in TNF alpha receptor binding assays, incubation with pentoxifylline 1 mM for 4 h was associated with an increase in the receptor affinity (control: KD = 0.42 nM vs pentoxifylline-treated: KD = 0.21 nM, P = 0.006), without significant change in number of type I TNF alpha receptors, suggesting that pentoxifylline affects post-receptor signalling events.	Pentoxifylline	174-188	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	271-280
7806430-12	1994	However, in TNF alpha receptor binding assays, incubation with pentoxifylline 1 mM for 4 h was associated with an increase in the receptor affinity (control: KD = 0.42 nM vs pentoxifylline-treated: KD = 0.21 nM, P = 0.006), without significant change in number of type I TNF alpha receptors, suggesting that pentoxifylline affects post-receptor signalling events.	Pentoxifylline	174-188	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	12-21
7806430-12	1994	However, in TNF alpha receptor binding assays, incubation with pentoxifylline 1 mM for 4 h was associated with an increase in the receptor affinity (control: KD = 0.42 nM vs pentoxifylline-treated: KD = 0.21 nM, P = 0.006), without significant change in number of type I TNF alpha receptors, suggesting that pentoxifylline affects post-receptor signalling events.	Pentoxifylline	174-188	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	271-280
7806430-13	1994	We have observed that pentoxifylline prevents the TNF alpha-mediated activation of sn-2 arachidonic acid-specific cytosolic phospholipase A2, an important component of the signal transduction pathway of TNF alpha cytotoxicity.	Pentoxifylline	22-36	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	50-59
7806430-13	1994	We have observed that pentoxifylline prevents the TNF alpha-mediated activation of sn-2 arachidonic acid-specific cytosolic phospholipase A2, an important component of the signal transduction pathway of TNF alpha cytotoxicity.	Pentoxifylline	22-36	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	203-212
7814457-9	1994	A comparison was made between BDPT and pentoxyfilline, a xanthine-derived phosphodisterase inhibitor that was reported to inhibit TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta secretion by PBM.	Pentoxifylline	39-53	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	144-153
8048000-0	1994	Enhanced survival from cecal ligation and puncture with pentoxifylline is associated with altered neutrophil trafficking and reduced interleukin-1 beta expression but not inhibition of tumor necrosis factor synthesis.	Pentoxifylline	56-70	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	133-151
8049813-4	1994	We hypothesized that PTX may have a beneficial effect on IR lung injury as measured by the coefficient of filtration (Kfc) and may reduce IR-associated sequestration of neutrophils as assessed by lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and by blood neutrophil count decrease during reperfusion.	Pentoxifylline	21-24	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	201-216
8049813-4	1994	We hypothesized that PTX may have a beneficial effect on IR lung injury as measured by the coefficient of filtration (Kfc) and may reduce IR-associated sequestration of neutrophils as assessed by lung myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and by blood neutrophil count decrease during reperfusion.	Pentoxifylline	21-24	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	218-221
8049813-7	1994	After IR, MPO and blood neutrophil count decrease were lower with PTX than with saline.	Pentoxifylline	66-69	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	10-13
8035043-0	1994	Pentoxifylline aggravates impairment in tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion and increases mycobacterial load in macrophages from AIDS patients with disseminated Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex infection.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	40-67
8035043-1	1994	Pentoxifylline, which inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), decreases human immunodeficiency virus replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	31-58
8035043-1	1994	Pentoxifylline, which inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha), decreases human immunodeficiency virus replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	60-69
8035043-6	1994	Pentoxifylline, in a concentration that inhibited LPS-induced TNF alpha by 52.4%, increased MAC counts by 2.5- to 50.0-fold.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	62-71
8048000-2	1994	In this study we tested the hypothesis that pentoxifylline improves survival after CLP, not by inhibiting TNF synthesis but by exerting its effect on leukocyte adhesiveness, neutrophil sequestration, recruitment of cells into the focus of sepsis, and interleukin-1 (IL-1) expression.	Pentoxifylline	44-58	interleukin 1 complex	Mus musculus	251-270
8048000-6	1994	Pentoxifylline reduced IL-1 beta mRNA expression in lung and peritoneal macrophages but not TNF mRNA or immunoreactive TNF in the serum.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	23-32
8048000-10	1994	Pentoxifylline treatment reduced lung neutrophil sequestration and IL-1 beta mRNA levels and increased cell recruitment in the peritoneum.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 1 beta	Mus musculus	67-76
8021491-10	1994	Two inhibitors of anti-CD3 induced TNF release; steroids and pentoxifylline both reduced TNF levels and P75 levels without affecting P55 levels.	Pentoxifylline	61-75	tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1b	Mus musculus	104-107
8012963-0	1994	Phase Ib trial of pentoxifylline and ciprofloxacin in patients treated with interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cell therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma.	Pentoxifylline	18-32	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	76-89
8021491-10	1994	Two inhibitors of anti-CD3 induced TNF release; steroids and pentoxifylline both reduced TNF levels and P75 levels without affecting P55 levels.	Pentoxifylline	61-75	CD3 antigen, epsilon polypeptide	Mus musculus	23-26
8021491-10	1994	Two inhibitors of anti-CD3 induced TNF release; steroids and pentoxifylline both reduced TNF levels and P75 levels without affecting P55 levels.	Pentoxifylline	61-75	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	35-38
8021491-10	1994	Two inhibitors of anti-CD3 induced TNF release; steroids and pentoxifylline both reduced TNF levels and P75 levels without affecting P55 levels.	Pentoxifylline	61-75	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	89-92
8012963-2	1994	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methylxanthine which reduces IL-2 toxicity in animals.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	55-59
7979808-7	1994	In the normozoospermics, the VCL was increased after exposure to pentoxifylline at 120 min (p = .03) and 240 min (p = 10(-5)); similarly, the amplitude of the lateral head displacement (ALH) was greater in this group at 120 and 240 min (p = .01 for maximum ALH).	Pentoxifylline	65-79	vinculin	Homo sapiens	29-32
8012963-0	1994	Phase Ib trial of pentoxifylline and ciprofloxacin in patients treated with interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cell therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma.	Pentoxifylline	18-32	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	94-104
8012963-4	1994	We conducted a phase Ib trial in patients receiving IL-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cell (LAK) cell therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma to identify the maximum tolerated dose of PTX which could be coadministered with Cipro in this setting.	Pentoxifylline	191-194	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	61-71
8012963-2	1994	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methylxanthine which reduces IL-2 toxicity in animals.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	55-59
8012963-16	1994	Patients treated with 3.9 mg/kg PTX received 95.0% of the planned dose of IL-2 as compared to 72.8% in the control patients (P &lt; 0.025), primarily due to a lower incidence of azotemia and metabolic acidosis in PTX/Cipro recipients than had been seen in the historical control patients.	Pentoxifylline	32-35	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	74-78
8012963-17	1994	The results of this study demonstrate that PTX/Cipro can be administered to patients receiving IL-2/LAK without apparent loss of therapeutic efficacy.	Pentoxifylline	43-46	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	95-99
8012963-19	1994	Therefore, treatment with PTX/Cipro may allow delivery of higher doses of IL-2, which might induce more responses in IL-2-responsive tumors and regression of tumors unresponsive to conventional doses of IL-2.	Pentoxifylline	26-29	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	74-78
8012963-19	1994	Therefore, treatment with PTX/Cipro may allow delivery of higher doses of IL-2, which might induce more responses in IL-2-responsive tumors and regression of tumors unresponsive to conventional doses of IL-2.	Pentoxifylline	26-29	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	117-121
8012963-19	1994	Therefore, treatment with PTX/Cipro may allow delivery of higher doses of IL-2, which might induce more responses in IL-2-responsive tumors and regression of tumors unresponsive to conventional doses of IL-2.	Pentoxifylline	26-29	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	117-121
8027667-4	1994	Nuclear protein binding studies using extracts from THP-1 monocytic cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which stimulates, or dexamethasone (Dex) or pentoxifylline (PTX), which inhibit TNF production, respectively, suggest that two low-mobility complexes could be involved in regulation through this promoter region.	Pentoxifylline	157-171	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	193-196
8063218-2	1994	Pentoxifylline, a methylxanthine derivative, prevents leukocyte adherence to vascular endothelium and protects organs from shock by reducing tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) concentrations.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	171-180
8063218-9	1994	Pentoxifylline prevented the indomethacin induced increase in TNF alpha concentrations in a dose dependent fashion.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	62-71
8063218-11	1994	Pentoxifylline, therefore, prevents the acute gastric mucosal damage and neutrophil margination induced by indomethacin and reduces indomethacin induced release of TNF alpha.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	164-173
8040266-7	1994	The TNF alpha effect can be blocked by pentoxifylline (100 micrograms/ml), a substance which can even succeed in reverting the basal secretory inhibition of cancer patients" pneumocytes to levels similar to those of the donor group.	Pentoxifylline	39-53	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	4-13
8040024-3	1994	METHODS AND MATERIALS: Phospholipase A2 inhibitors quinicrine, bromphenyl bromide, and pentoxyfylline or the inhibitor of lipoxygenase (ketoconazole) or the inhibitor of cyclooxygenase (indomethacin) were added to cell culture 1 h prior to irradiation.	Pentoxifylline	87-101	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	23-39
8040024-4	1994	RESULTS: Radiation-induced tumor necrosis factor gene expression was attenuated by each of the phospholipase A2 inhibitors (quinicrine, bromphenyl bromide, and pentoxyfylline).	Pentoxifylline	160-174	phospholipase A2 group IB	Homo sapiens	95-111
8027667-8	1994	In this case, the simultaneous presence of both complexes, which would occur in the presence of Dex or PTX, could reduce the amount of TNF transcription through competitive binding.	Pentoxifylline	103-106	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	135-138
8204888-7	1994	Agents that inhibit TNF-alpha expression in HL-60 cells, such as pentoxifylline and dexamethasone, completely abrogated both the constitutive and TPA-evoked MMP-9 release.	Pentoxifylline	65-79	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	20-29
8005795-5	1994	The 86Rb uptake in the SCK tumor slightly increased 30 min after an IP injection of 50 mg/kg PTX.	Pentoxifylline	93-96	SHC adaptor protein 2	Homo sapiens	23-26
8204888-7	1994	Agents that inhibit TNF-alpha expression in HL-60 cells, such as pentoxifylline and dexamethasone, completely abrogated both the constitutive and TPA-evoked MMP-9 release.	Pentoxifylline	65-79	matrix metallopeptidase 9	Homo sapiens	157-162
7956714-5	1994	Chronic administration of pentoxifylline (300 mg/day) significantly reduced the abnormally high plasma levels of beta-TG and PF4 in 7 patients of the AS-positive group to normal levels, without lowering the normal plasma beta-TG and PF4 levels in the remaining 10 patients.	Pentoxifylline	26-40	pro-platelet basic protein	Homo sapiens	113-120
7946916-3	1994	PTX significantly improved the urinary excretion of NAG and %TRP.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	O-GlcNAcase	Rattus norvegicus	52-55
7956714-5	1994	Chronic administration of pentoxifylline (300 mg/day) significantly reduced the abnormally high plasma levels of beta-TG and PF4 in 7 patients of the AS-positive group to normal levels, without lowering the normal plasma beta-TG and PF4 levels in the remaining 10 patients.	Pentoxifylline	26-40	platelet factor 4	Homo sapiens	125-128
8015309-2	1994	Although pentoxifylline (PTX) is known to attenuate endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced lung injury, as well as decrease interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels following hemorrhage and resuscitation, it remains unknown if this agent has any beneficial effects against O2-induced lung injury.	Pentoxifylline	9-23	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	66-87
8015309-2	1994	Although pentoxifylline (PTX) is known to attenuate endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced lung injury, as well as decrease interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels following hemorrhage and resuscitation, it remains unknown if this agent has any beneficial effects against O2-induced lung injury.	Pentoxifylline	9-23	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	89-92
8015309-2	1994	Although pentoxifylline (PTX) is known to attenuate endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced lung injury, as well as decrease interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels following hemorrhage and resuscitation, it remains unknown if this agent has any beneficial effects against O2-induced lung injury.	Pentoxifylline	9-23	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	135-148
8189599-0	1994	Overcoming TNF-alpha and drug resistance of human renal cell carcinoma cells by treatment with pentoxifylline in combination with TNF-alpha or drugs: the role of TNF-alpha mRNA downregulation in tumor cell sensitization.	Pentoxifylline	95-109	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	11-20
8015309-2	1994	Although pentoxifylline (PTX) is known to attenuate endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced lung injury, as well as decrease interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels following hemorrhage and resuscitation, it remains unknown if this agent has any beneficial effects against O2-induced lung injury.	Pentoxifylline	9-23	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	150-154
8189599-2	1994	Pentoxifylline (PTX) suppressed TNF-alpha gene transcription and downregulates the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA and the secretion of TNF-alpha protein in macrophages and monocytes.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	32-41
8189599-3	1994	This study investigates whether PTX downregulates the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA and/or protein in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells and whether PTX enhances the sensitivity of TNF-alpha-resistant RCC cells to TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	146-149	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	178-187
8189599-3	1994	This study investigates whether PTX downregulates the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA and/or protein in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells and whether PTX enhances the sensitivity of TNF-alpha-resistant RCC cells to TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	146-149	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	178-187
8015309-2	1994	Although pentoxifylline (PTX) is known to attenuate endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced lung injury, as well as decrease interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels following hemorrhage and resuscitation, it remains unknown if this agent has any beneficial effects against O2-induced lung injury.	Pentoxifylline	25-28	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	66-87
8189599-4	1994	Further, we explored whether PTX enhances the sensitivity of RCC cells to agents other than TNF-alpha by downregulation of the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA and protein.	Pentoxifylline	29-32	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	141-150
8189599-6	1994	When R4 cells were incubated with PTX, the level of TNF-alpha mRNA and protein was markedly reduced.	Pentoxifylline	34-37	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	52-61
8189599-7	1994	Pentoxifylline and TNF-alpha together overcame the resistance of R4 cells to TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	77-86
8189599-2	1994	Pentoxifylline (PTX) suppressed TNF-alpha gene transcription and downregulates the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA and the secretion of TNF-alpha protein in macrophages and monocytes.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	97-106
8189599-2	1994	Pentoxifylline (PTX) suppressed TNF-alpha gene transcription and downregulates the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA and the secretion of TNF-alpha protein in macrophages and monocytes.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	97-106
8189599-2	1994	Pentoxifylline (PTX) suppressed TNF-alpha gene transcription and downregulates the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA and the secretion of TNF-alpha protein in macrophages and monocytes.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	32-41
8189599-2	1994	Pentoxifylline (PTX) suppressed TNF-alpha gene transcription and downregulates the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA and the secretion of TNF-alpha protein in macrophages and monocytes.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	97-106
8015309-2	1994	Although pentoxifylline (PTX) is known to attenuate endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced lung injury, as well as decrease interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels following hemorrhage and resuscitation, it remains unknown if this agent has any beneficial effects against O2-induced lung injury.	Pentoxifylline	25-28	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	89-92
8189599-2	1994	Pentoxifylline (PTX) suppressed TNF-alpha gene transcription and downregulates the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA and the secretion of TNF-alpha protein in macrophages and monocytes.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	97-106
8189599-3	1994	This study investigates whether PTX downregulates the expression of TNF-alpha mRNA and/or protein in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells and whether PTX enhances the sensitivity of TNF-alpha-resistant RCC cells to TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	32-35	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	68-77
8015309-2	1994	Although pentoxifylline (PTX) is known to attenuate endotoxin and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced lung injury, as well as decrease interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels following hemorrhage and resuscitation, it remains unknown if this agent has any beneficial effects against O2-induced lung injury.	Pentoxifylline	25-28	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	150-154
8015309-8	1994	The supernatant LDH activity, protein content, pleural fluid accumulation, and IL-6 concentration were significantly decreased (P &lt; 0.05) in those animals pretreated with PTX prior to exposure to hyperoxia compared to those animals exposed to hyperoxia and not treated.	Pentoxifylline	174-177	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	79-83
8189599-10	1994	When PTX was used in combination with TNF-alpha, the level of TNF-alpha mRNA induced by TNF-alpha was markedly reduced.	Pentoxifylline	5-8	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	38-47
7936825-3	1994	Dexamethasone inhibited the release of all of these mediators, whereas pentoxifylline only inhibited the release of TNF.	Pentoxifylline	71-85	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	116-119
8189599-10	1994	When PTX was used in combination with TNF-alpha, the level of TNF-alpha mRNA induced by TNF-alpha was markedly reduced.	Pentoxifylline	5-8	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	62-71
8189599-10	1994	When PTX was used in combination with TNF-alpha, the level of TNF-alpha mRNA induced by TNF-alpha was markedly reduced.	Pentoxifylline	5-8	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	62-71
8189599-11	1994	The combination of PTX and TNF-alpha overcame the resistance of R11 cells to TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	19-22	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	77-86
8189599-14	1994	This study demonstrated that PTX, in combination with TNF-alpha, IFN-alpha or CDDP, overcame the drug resistance to RCC cells and that downregulation of TNF-alpha mRNA by PTX may be related to the cytotoxicity enhanced by the combination.	Pentoxifylline	171-174	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	153-162
8011245-6	1994	Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies or pentoxifylline were used to inhibit TNF bioactivity.	Pentoxifylline	34-48	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	70-73
7994766-2	1994	The results indicate that the arterial oxygen tension in the animals received PTX dropped more slowly, the total leukocytes and albumin in BALF were obviously reduced, the increased production of IL-1 and TNF by alveolar macrophages was partly inhibited, other parameters such as W/D ratio were also markedly decreased when compared to the animals received FTE only.	Pentoxifylline	78-81	tumor necrosis factor	Canis lupus familiaris	205-208
7909634-0	1994	Pentoxifylline partially reverts the effect of tumor necrosis factor on human islets.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	47-68
8118639-0	1994	Effect of pentoxifylline on the inhibition of surfactant synthesis induced by TNF-alpha in human type II pneumocytes.	Pentoxifylline	10-24	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	78-87
8118639-7	1994	This effect was blocked by PTXF (100 micrograms/ml), a substance that also increased PC production in the control-group pneumocytes from cancer patients, the final PC levels being similar to those of the donors in the absence of TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	27-31	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	229-238
7509321-4	1994	We investigated the effects of a monoclonal antibody against CD14 (MY4) and of pentoxifylline (POF), a membrane fluidizer, alone and in combination, on LPS-LPS-binding protein activation of phospholipase D evidenced by increased phosphatidic acid formation.	Pentoxifylline	79-93	lipopolysaccharide binding protein	Homo sapiens	156-175
8195355-0	1994	Pentoxifylline potentiates ionophore (A23187) mediated acrosome reaction in human sperm: flow cytometric analysis using CD46 antibody.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	CD46 molecule	Homo sapiens	120-124
8116037-3	1994	The hemorrheologic agent pentoxifylline (PTX) inhibits the synthesis of TNF alpha in vitro in response to a variety of stimuli, including OKT3.	Pentoxifylline	25-39	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	72-81
8116037-3	1994	The hemorrheologic agent pentoxifylline (PTX) inhibits the synthesis of TNF alpha in vitro in response to a variety of stimuli, including OKT3.	Pentoxifylline	41-44	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	72-81
7798838-4	1994	Data obtained showed that pentoxifylline significantly increased percentage of sperm motility, average path velocity (VAP), curvilinear velocity (VCL), straight line velocity (VSL), amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) at two of the three time periods (p &lt; 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	26-40	vinculin	Homo sapiens	146-149
8006137-7	1994	Compared to the controls, pentoxifylline-treated samples showed an immediate stimulation of sperm motility, under test-tube conditions, with a significant elevation of VCL at 0 h incubation (102.77 +/- 14.4 versus control value 84.60 +/- 10.6 microns/s; P = 0.005), which however was reversed after 4 h incubation (73.16 +/- 4.6 versus control value 85.47 +/- 12.8 microns/s; P &lt; 0.005).	Pentoxifylline	26-40	vinculin	Homo sapiens	168-171
8006137-8	1994	A decline in sperm motility from 0 to 4 h incubation was noted for all the pentoxifylline-treated samples, under both test tube conditions (VCL: 102.77 +/- 14.4 versus 73.16 +/- 4.6 microns/s, P &lt; 0.005; VSL: 27.2 +/- 10 versus 10.66 +/- 2.2 microns/s, P &lt; 0.005; LIN: 23.65 +/- 7.1 versus 11.86 +/- 1.8%, P &lt; 0.005) and HZA conditions (VCL: 100.04 +/- 13.1 versus 76.00 +/- 7 microns/s, P &lt; 0.005; VSL: 26.40 +/- 8.7 versus 9.14 +/- 4.5 microns/s, P &lt; 0.005; LIN: 26.2 +/- 12 versus 11.05 +/- 4.3%, P &lt; 0.005).	Pentoxifylline	75-89	vinculin	Homo sapiens	140-143
8006137-8	1994	A decline in sperm motility from 0 to 4 h incubation was noted for all the pentoxifylline-treated samples, under both test tube conditions (VCL: 102.77 +/- 14.4 versus 73.16 +/- 4.6 microns/s, P &lt; 0.005; VSL: 27.2 +/- 10 versus 10.66 +/- 2.2 microns/s, P &lt; 0.005; LIN: 23.65 +/- 7.1 versus 11.86 +/- 1.8%, P &lt; 0.005) and HZA conditions (VCL: 100.04 +/- 13.1 versus 76.00 +/- 7 microns/s, P &lt; 0.005; VSL: 26.40 +/- 8.7 versus 9.14 +/- 4.5 microns/s, P &lt; 0.005; LIN: 26.2 +/- 12 versus 11.05 +/- 4.3%, P &lt; 0.005).	Pentoxifylline	75-89	vinculin	Homo sapiens	346-349
8056639-5	1994	Caffeine and pentoxifylline increased (P &lt; 0.05) the MOT, VSL, VCL, and ALH of cryopreserved sperm at 0.01-20 mM, in a dose-dependent manner.	Pentoxifylline	13-27	vinculin	Felis catus	66-69
8302072-11	1994	Furthermore, addition of pentoxifylline to adult hearts appears to confer the benefits of low 5"-nucleotidase activity occurring naturally in the neonate.	Pentoxifylline	25-39	LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: 5'-nucleotidase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	94-109
8054441-3	1994	In a pilot study, five patients with unexplained AIDS-related wasting were treated with pentoxifylline, a known suppressor of TNF-alpha production.	Pentoxifylline	88-102	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	126-135
8132735-8	1994	These findings demonstrate that PTX has a marked suppression on IL-2-mediated activation of immature free NK cells and that the suppression is due, in large part, to PTX-mediated inhibition of endogenous TNF-alpha secretion.	Pentoxifylline	166-169	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	204-213
7996060-4	1994	Studies on the mechanisms of action revealed that PE inhibits platelet aggregation, releases tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) from the endothelium, increases red cell deformability and inhibits white cell adhesion.	Pentoxifylline	50-52	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	93-127
8132735-0	1994	Pentoxifylline suppresses interleukin-2-mediated activation of immature human natural killer cells by inhibiting endogenous tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	26-39
8132735-0	1994	Pentoxifylline suppresses interleukin-2-mediated activation of immature human natural killer cells by inhibiting endogenous tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	124-151
8132735-3	1994	Because pentoxifylline (PTX) inhibits TNF-alpha synthesis and secretion in monocytes, we hypothesized that PTX may also inhibit TNF-alpha secretion by NK cells and thus would inhibit IL-2-mediated activation of free cells.	Pentoxifylline	8-22	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	38-47
8132735-3	1994	Because pentoxifylline (PTX) inhibits TNF-alpha synthesis and secretion in monocytes, we hypothesized that PTX may also inhibit TNF-alpha secretion by NK cells and thus would inhibit IL-2-mediated activation of free cells.	Pentoxifylline	8-22	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	128-137
8132735-3	1994	Because pentoxifylline (PTX) inhibits TNF-alpha synthesis and secretion in monocytes, we hypothesized that PTX may also inhibit TNF-alpha secretion by NK cells and thus would inhibit IL-2-mediated activation of free cells.	Pentoxifylline	8-22	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	183-187
8132735-3	1994	Because pentoxifylline (PTX) inhibits TNF-alpha synthesis and secretion in monocytes, we hypothesized that PTX may also inhibit TNF-alpha secretion by NK cells and thus would inhibit IL-2-mediated activation of free cells.	Pentoxifylline	24-27	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	38-47
8132735-3	1994	Because pentoxifylline (PTX) inhibits TNF-alpha synthesis and secretion in monocytes, we hypothesized that PTX may also inhibit TNF-alpha secretion by NK cells and thus would inhibit IL-2-mediated activation of free cells.	Pentoxifylline	107-110	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	38-47
8132735-3	1994	Because pentoxifylline (PTX) inhibits TNF-alpha synthesis and secretion in monocytes, we hypothesized that PTX may also inhibit TNF-alpha secretion by NK cells and thus would inhibit IL-2-mediated activation of free cells.	Pentoxifylline	107-110	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	128-137
8132735-3	1994	Because pentoxifylline (PTX) inhibits TNF-alpha synthesis and secretion in monocytes, we hypothesized that PTX may also inhibit TNF-alpha secretion by NK cells and thus would inhibit IL-2-mediated activation of free cells.	Pentoxifylline	107-110	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	183-187
8132735-5	1994	IL-2-mediated secretion of TNF-alpha by the free cells was inhibited by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	72-75	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	0-4
8132735-5	1994	IL-2-mediated secretion of TNF-alpha by the free cells was inhibited by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	72-75	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	27-36
8132735-6	1994	In the presence of PTX, IL-2-mediated activation of free cells into cytotoxic function, proliferation, and recruitment of binder and killer cells was markedly inhibited.	Pentoxifylline	19-22	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	24-28
8132735-7	1994	Also, PTX inhibited IL-2-triggered upregulation of the expression of CD69, CD25, ICAM-1, and p75TNF-R on the cell surface.	Pentoxifylline	6-9	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	20-24
8132735-7	1994	Also, PTX inhibited IL-2-triggered upregulation of the expression of CD69, CD25, ICAM-1, and p75TNF-R on the cell surface.	Pentoxifylline	6-9	CD69 molecule	Homo sapiens	69-73
8132735-7	1994	Also, PTX inhibited IL-2-triggered upregulation of the expression of CD69, CD25, ICAM-1, and p75TNF-R on the cell surface.	Pentoxifylline	6-9	interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	75-79
8132735-7	1994	Also, PTX inhibited IL-2-triggered upregulation of the expression of CD69, CD25, ICAM-1, and p75TNF-R on the cell surface.	Pentoxifylline	6-9	intercellular adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	81-87
8132735-7	1994	Also, PTX inhibited IL-2-triggered upregulation of the expression of CD69, CD25, ICAM-1, and p75TNF-R on the cell surface.	Pentoxifylline	6-9	TNF receptor superfamily member 1B	Homo sapiens	93-101
8132735-8	1994	These findings demonstrate that PTX has a marked suppression on IL-2-mediated activation of immature free NK cells and that the suppression is due, in large part, to PTX-mediated inhibition of endogenous TNF-alpha secretion.	Pentoxifylline	32-35	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	64-68
8132735-8	1994	These findings demonstrate that PTX has a marked suppression on IL-2-mediated activation of immature free NK cells and that the suppression is due, in large part, to PTX-mediated inhibition of endogenous TNF-alpha secretion.	Pentoxifylline	32-35	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	204-213
8282778-5	1994	Pentoxifylline markedly inhibited increases in the levels of TNF and IL-6, as well as the effects on coagulation and fibrinolysis.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Pan troglodytes	61-64
8282778-5	1994	Pentoxifylline markedly inhibited increases in the levels of TNF and IL-6, as well as the effects on coagulation and fibrinolysis.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 6	Pan troglodytes	69-73
8284692-0	1993	Treatment with pentoxifylline and ciprofloxacin reduces the toxicity of high-dose interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells.	Pentoxifylline	15-29	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	82-95
7908546-4	1993	Incubation of cells with phosphodiesterase inhibitors aminophylline, theophylline or pentoxyphylline all resulted in an increase in c-fos mRNA.	Pentoxifylline	85-100	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	132-137
7820043-11	1994	A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of pentoxifylline, a modulator of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and other cytokines, was performed in 2-CdA-treated hairy cell leukemia patients to determine whether the incidence of neutropenic fever would be reduced.	Pentoxifylline	44-58	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	75-102
7633829-5	1994	The latter effect developed in close correlation with the following metabolic interactions: (1) increasing the proportion of PUFA (especially, arachidonic and linoleic acids) transported to EAC tumor cells from host organs and accumulated mainly in tumor LP-granules, and (2) decreasing the alpha-tocopherol content of these hypoxic EAC cells while no activation of the main cell antioxidative enzymes (GSH-Px, SOD) took place.	Pentoxifylline	407-409	pumilio RNA binding family member 3	Homo sapiens	125-129
21607339-2	1994	The prednisone and PTX were administered in an attempt to ameliorate toxicity related to GM-CSF.	Pentoxifylline	19-22	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	89-95
8284692-0	1993	Treatment with pentoxifylline and ciprofloxacin reduces the toxicity of high-dose interleukin-2 and lymphokine-activated killer cells.	Pentoxifylline	15-29	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	100-110
8397270-5	1993	Although pentoxifylline reduced the TNF response to intravenous endotoxin to 20% (P &lt; .05), the appearance of sTNFRs was only moderately inhibited (sTNFR-p55 to 79% on average, P &lt; .05; sTNFR-p75 to 77%, P = .12).	Pentoxifylline	9-23	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	36-39
8156252-2	1993	Because of its capacity to inhibit TNF secretion in vitro, pentoxifylline (PTX) could be extremely useful in ARDS therapy.	Pentoxifylline	59-73	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	35-38
8156252-2	1993	Because of its capacity to inhibit TNF secretion in vitro, pentoxifylline (PTX) could be extremely useful in ARDS therapy.	Pentoxifylline	75-78	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	35-38
8156252-4	1993	twice a day for 7 days followed by an oral administration of 400 mg three times a day) to evaluate the efficacy of PTX in reducing TNF serum levels and in improving the symptoms of this syndrome.	Pentoxifylline	115-118	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	131-134
8156252-9	1993	TNF mean levels significantly decrease in the PTX-treated group.	Pentoxifylline	46-49	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	0-3
8156252-10	1993	These data confirm in vivo the capacity of PTX to inhibit TNF secretion in patients with ARDS.	Pentoxifylline	43-46	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	58-61
8218378-4	1993	scavenging by pentoxifylline (Ptx, a methylxanthine), uric acid and thymine on the OH.-induced alterations of a protein, lysozyme.	Pentoxifylline	14-28	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	121-129
8218378-4	1993	scavenging by pentoxifylline (Ptx, a methylxanthine), uric acid and thymine on the OH.-induced alterations of a protein, lysozyme.	Pentoxifylline	30-33	lysozyme	Homo sapiens	121-129
8294232-7	1993	Results also demonstrated that PAF (49 +/- 1.7%) or PTX (42.6 +/- 1.5%) enhance post-thaw motility in comparison to control (35.8 +/- 1.2%), whereas neither PAF nor PTX affect post-thaw LPO (19.1 +/- 2.2% in controls; 20.2 +/- 1.7% in PAF samples; 20.5 +/- 1.4% in PTX samples).	Pentoxifylline	52-55	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	157-160
8294232-7	1993	Results also demonstrated that PAF (49 +/- 1.7%) or PTX (42.6 +/- 1.5%) enhance post-thaw motility in comparison to control (35.8 +/- 1.2%), whereas neither PAF nor PTX affect post-thaw LPO (19.1 +/- 2.2% in controls; 20.2 +/- 1.7% in PAF samples; 20.5 +/- 1.4% in PTX samples).	Pentoxifylline	52-55	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	157-160
8294232-7	1993	Results also demonstrated that PAF (49 +/- 1.7%) or PTX (42.6 +/- 1.5%) enhance post-thaw motility in comparison to control (35.8 +/- 1.2%), whereas neither PAF nor PTX affect post-thaw LPO (19.1 +/- 2.2% in controls; 20.2 +/- 1.7% in PAF samples; 20.5 +/- 1.4% in PTX samples).	Pentoxifylline	165-168	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	31-34
8294232-7	1993	Results also demonstrated that PAF (49 +/- 1.7%) or PTX (42.6 +/- 1.5%) enhance post-thaw motility in comparison to control (35.8 +/- 1.2%), whereas neither PAF nor PTX affect post-thaw LPO (19.1 +/- 2.2% in controls; 20.2 +/- 1.7% in PAF samples; 20.5 +/- 1.4% in PTX samples).	Pentoxifylline	165-168	PCNA clamp associated factor	Homo sapiens	31-34
8238342-5	1993	Pentoxifylline nearly completely suppressed TNF secretion but did not influence the transient fall in rectal temperature, the decreased hematocrit, and the increased liver protein mass and synthesis observed in INF-C rats.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor-like	Rattus norvegicus	44-47
8409522-3	1993	Pentoxifylline, a methylxanthine derivative used in the treatment of vascular disorders, currently has been found to suppress the production of tumor necrosis factor alpha by human and murine leukocytes.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	144-171
8219446-11	1993	Pentoxifylline use in both insulin-dependent and noninsulin-dependent patients was assessed in clinical trials, with improvement of symptoms in both patient types.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	insulin	Homo sapiens	27-34
8338943-2	1993	In a recent phase I-II trial, oral administration of pentoxifylline (PTX), a xanthine derivative capable of downregulating TNF-alpha production in vitro, was reported to reduce morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing BMT.	Pentoxifylline	53-67	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	123-132
8255998-5	1993	Using 86Rb extraction, doses of 10-100 mg/kg pentoxifylline were shown to increase relative tumour perfusion of the RIF-1 tumour to 140-170% of control, with no effect in skin, muscle, kidney, liver or lung, but with similar increases in spleen perfusion; there was no significant effect in any tissue after 5 mg/kg.	Pentoxifylline	45-59	replication timing regulatory factor 1	Mus musculus	116-121
8345209-2	1993	Pentoxifylline inhibits various neutrophil functions in vitro, and attenuates endotoxin-induced production of TNF in both in vitro and in vivo models.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Pan troglodytes	110-113
8345209-8	1993	Pentoxifylline also inhibited the endotoxin-induced release of TNF (271 +/- 26 vs 55 +/- 23 pg/ml at t = 1.5 h; p &lt; 0.05) and IL-6 (225 +/- 42 vs 73 +/- 25 pg/ml at t = 2 h; p &lt; 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Pan troglodytes	63-66
8345209-8	1993	Pentoxifylline also inhibited the endotoxin-induced release of TNF (271 +/- 26 vs 55 +/- 23 pg/ml at t = 1.5 h; p &lt; 0.05) and IL-6 (225 +/- 42 vs 73 +/- 25 pg/ml at t = 2 h; p &lt; 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 6	Pan troglodytes	129-133
8345209-11	1993	We conclude that pentoxifylline attenuates neutrophil activation in endotoxemia in chimpanzees, probably in part by inhibiting the release of TNF.	Pentoxifylline	17-31	tumor necrosis factor	Pan troglodytes	142-145
8213066-1	1993	Pentoxifylline, a widely used methylxanthine, has been proven to inhibit the production and action of the cytokine TNF alpha.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	115-124
8213066-2	1993	Since it has been suggested that TNF alpha is the major cytokine involved in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, we tested pentoxifylline for its capacity to prevent experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE).	Pentoxifylline	127-141	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	33-42
8338943-2	1993	In a recent phase I-II trial, oral administration of pentoxifylline (PTX), a xanthine derivative capable of downregulating TNF-alpha production in vitro, was reported to reduce morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing BMT.	Pentoxifylline	69-72	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	123-132
8099612-3	1993	Pentoxifylline (Trental) decreases TNF activity; in cell culture, it decreases HIV replication and down-regulates expression of the HIV long terminal repeat (LTR).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	35-38
8402066-5	1993	The three different anti-TNF treatments caused a significant reduction in postoperative levels of circulating TNF (TN3, P &lt; 0.001; pentoxifylline, P &lt; 0.01; lactulose, P &lt; 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	134-148	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	25-28
8393796-9	1993	Lack of clinical symptoms in POX-treated animals coincided with a marked suppression of MBP-specific T cell reactivity in vitro, without any evidence for a generalized impairment of T cell activity.	Pentoxifylline	29-32	myelin basic protein	Rattus norvegicus	88-91
8393800-4	1993	This induction of IL-6 production could be achieved by reagents known to increase intracellular levels of cAMP, such as forskolin, prostaglandin E or pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	150-164	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	18-22
7505000-3	1993	The expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha, TNF beta interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)gamma was inhibited by PTX in a dose-dependent manner, whereas expression of IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6 was unaffected at concentrations up to 300 microM of PTX.	Pentoxifylline	124-127	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	42-51
7505000-3	1993	The expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha, TNF beta interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)gamma was inhibited by PTX in a dose-dependent manner, whereas expression of IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6 was unaffected at concentrations up to 300 microM of PTX.	Pentoxifylline	124-127	lymphotoxin alpha	Homo sapiens	53-61
7505000-3	1993	The expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha, TNF beta interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)gamma was inhibited by PTX in a dose-dependent manner, whereas expression of IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6 was unaffected at concentrations up to 300 microM of PTX.	Pentoxifylline	124-127	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	178-188
7505000-3	1993	The expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha, TNF beta interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)gamma was inhibited by PTX in a dose-dependent manner, whereas expression of IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6 was unaffected at concentrations up to 300 microM of PTX.	Pentoxifylline	124-127	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	190-199
7505000-3	1993	The expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha, TNF beta interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)gamma was inhibited by PTX in a dose-dependent manner, whereas expression of IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6 was unaffected at concentrations up to 300 microM of PTX.	Pentoxifylline	124-127	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	205-209
7505000-3	1993	The expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha, TNF beta interleukin (IL)-2 and interferon (IFN)gamma was inhibited by PTX in a dose-dependent manner, whereas expression of IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6 was unaffected at concentrations up to 300 microM of PTX.	Pentoxifylline	263-266	lymphotoxin alpha	Homo sapiens	53-61
7505000-4	1993	The amount of TNF beta mRNA in PHA-stimulated blood mononuclear cells was reduced by PTX.	Pentoxifylline	85-88	lymphotoxin alpha	Homo sapiens	14-22
7505000-6	1993	The PTX analogues HWA-138 and A-802715 inhibited TNF alpha mRNA expression from endotoxin-stimulated mononuclear cells.	Pentoxifylline	4-7	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	49-58
8509980-0	1993	Pentoxifylline inhibits HIV-1 LTR-driven gene expression by blocking NF-kappa B action.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	69-79
8099612-3	1993	Pentoxifylline (Trental) decreases TNF activity; in cell culture, it decreases HIV replication and down-regulates expression of the HIV long terminal repeat (LTR).	Pentoxifylline	16-23	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	35-38
8099612-4	1993	Therefore, pentoxifylline was administered to 25 patients with advanced AIDS in this AIDS Clinical Trial Group study (ACTG #160), the goal of which was to investigate the ability of the drug to decrease TNF expression and HIV replication in this patient population.	Pentoxifylline	11-25	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	203-206
8099612-11	1993	This study demonstrates the safety of pentoxifylline in AIDS patients and its ability to decrease triglycerides and TNF mRNA levels.	Pentoxifylline	38-52	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	116-119
8333042-1	1993	Pentoxifylline (PTX) has recently been shown to modulate TNF-alpha production and to reduce the incidence and severity of all major complications after BMT, including mucositis, veno-occlusive disease, renal insufficiency, hypertension, and graft-versus-host disease.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	57-66
8333042-1	1993	Pentoxifylline (PTX) has recently been shown to modulate TNF-alpha production and to reduce the incidence and severity of all major complications after BMT, including mucositis, veno-occlusive disease, renal insufficiency, hypertension, and graft-versus-host disease.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	57-66
8333042-7	1993	The inhibitory capacity of PTX was increased by mAbs against TNF-alpha (34 +/- 5% additional suppression at 100 micrograms/ml PTX) and not reversed by the addition of rTNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	27-30	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	61-70
8333042-7	1993	The inhibitory capacity of PTX was increased by mAbs against TNF-alpha (34 +/- 5% additional suppression at 100 micrograms/ml PTX) and not reversed by the addition of rTNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	126-129	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	61-70
8333042-11	1993	Immunomodulatory properties of PTX were not only associated with blockage of TNF-alpha, as shown by decreased mRNA expression and TNF-alpha values in the culture supernatants, but also with an impaired production of other cytokines and secondary messages such as IFN-gamma and neopterin.	Pentoxifylline	31-34	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	77-86
8333042-11	1993	Immunomodulatory properties of PTX were not only associated with blockage of TNF-alpha, as shown by decreased mRNA expression and TNF-alpha values in the culture supernatants, but also with an impaired production of other cytokines and secondary messages such as IFN-gamma and neopterin.	Pentoxifylline	31-34	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	130-139
8333042-11	1993	Immunomodulatory properties of PTX were not only associated with blockage of TNF-alpha, as shown by decreased mRNA expression and TNF-alpha values in the culture supernatants, but also with an impaired production of other cytokines and secondary messages such as IFN-gamma and neopterin.	Pentoxifylline	31-34	interferon gamma	Homo sapiens	263-272
8333042-13	1993	PTX, therefore, has profound immunomodulatory properties in vitro, which are associated with selective inhibition of cytokine release and can be enhanced by the addition of mAbs against TNF-alpha, but not reversed by the addition of rTNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	186-195
8333042-13	1993	PTX, therefore, has profound immunomodulatory properties in vitro, which are associated with selective inhibition of cytokine release and can be enhanced by the addition of mAbs against TNF-alpha, but not reversed by the addition of rTNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	233-243
8463339-1	1993	We investigated the temporal regulation of cyclin A- and B1-dependent kinases in human lymphoma cells treated with nitrogen mustard (HN2) and pentoxifylline, to determine whether the activity of these complexes correlated with cell cycle arrest induced by DNA damage.	Pentoxifylline	142-156	cyclin A2	Homo sapiens	43-59
8500916-0	1993	Production of interleukin-6 by human and murine mononuclear leukocytes stimulated with Plasmodium antigens is enhanced by pentoxifylline, and tumor necrosis factor secretion is reduced.	Pentoxifylline	122-136	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	14-27
8500916-1	1993	When pentoxifylline was present during stimulation of human mononuclear leukocytes with Plasmodium falciparum exogenous antigens, an increase in interleukin-6 production was observed simultaneously with a reduction of tumor necrosis factor secretion.	Pentoxifylline	5-19	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	145-158
8500916-1	1993	When pentoxifylline was present during stimulation of human mononuclear leukocytes with Plasmodium falciparum exogenous antigens, an increase in interleukin-6 production was observed simultaneously with a reduction of tumor necrosis factor secretion.	Pentoxifylline	5-19	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	218-239
8486155-0	1993	Pentoxifylline inhibits the expression of tissue factor mRNA in endotoxin-activated human monocytes.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	42-55
8486155-3	1993	We investigated the way in which TF is suppressed by pentoxifylline (PTX), and found that PTX down-regulates immunologic TF expression and specific mRNA production in response to LPS.	Pentoxifylline	53-67	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	33-35
8486155-3	1993	We investigated the way in which TF is suppressed by pentoxifylline (PTX), and found that PTX down-regulates immunologic TF expression and specific mRNA production in response to LPS.	Pentoxifylline	53-67	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	121-123
8486155-3	1993	We investigated the way in which TF is suppressed by pentoxifylline (PTX), and found that PTX down-regulates immunologic TF expression and specific mRNA production in response to LPS.	Pentoxifylline	69-72	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	33-35
8486155-3	1993	We investigated the way in which TF is suppressed by pentoxifylline (PTX), and found that PTX down-regulates immunologic TF expression and specific mRNA production in response to LPS.	Pentoxifylline	90-93	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	33-35
8486155-3	1993	We investigated the way in which TF is suppressed by pentoxifylline (PTX), and found that PTX down-regulates immunologic TF expression and specific mRNA production in response to LPS.	Pentoxifylline	90-93	coagulation factor III, tissue factor	Homo sapiens	121-123
8482093-12	1993	Pentoxifylline-treated animals had lower levels of lysozyme (p &lt; .02) and tumor necrosis factor (p &lt; .005) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid compared with placebo-treated pups.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	lysozyme C-like	Oryctolagus cuniculus	51-59
8482093-12	1993	Pentoxifylline-treated animals had lower levels of lysozyme (p &lt; .02) and tumor necrosis factor (p &lt; .005) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid compared with placebo-treated pups.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Oryctolagus cuniculus	77-98
8335573-7	1993	Pentoxifylline (1 microM) did not affect ACh-induced EDR but selectively reversed TNF-alpha-mediated inhibition of ACh-induced EDR.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	82-91
8335573-7	1993	Pentoxifylline (1 microM) did not affect ACh-induced EDR but selectively reversed TNF-alpha-mediated inhibition of ACh-induced EDR.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	paternally expressed 10	Homo sapiens	127-130
8496685-4	1993	Pentoxifylline and dexamethasone, two other inhibitors of TNF-alpha production, are known to exert their effects by means of different mechanisms, suggesting that the three agents inhibit TNF-alpha synthesis at distinct points of the cytokine biosynthetic pathway.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	188-197
8463339-9	1993	Pentoxifylline abrogated cell cycle arrest induced by aphidicolin and HN2 in human lymphoma cells.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	MT-RNR2 like 2 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	70-73
8463339-10	1993	Pentoxifylline also reverted the activity of cyclin A- and B1-kinases in HN2-treated cells to approximately that observed in controls.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	cyclin B1	Homo sapiens	45-61
8463339-10	1993	Pentoxifylline also reverted the activity of cyclin A- and B1-kinases in HN2-treated cells to approximately that observed in controls.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	MT-RNR2 like 2 (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	73-76
8417761-8	1993	Pentoxifylline prescription has been suggested in ARDS with respect to its activity on neutrophils, its inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) release by mononuclear phagocytes, and its prevention of TNF-induced lung injury.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	118-145
8330908-0	1993	Inhibition of endogenous TNF formation by pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	42-56	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	25-28
8330908-4	1993	Recently, in our institute evidence was raised that pentoxifylline is able to suppress the synthesis of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in cell cultures, and in vivo, and to protect experimental animals against endotoxin shock.	Pentoxifylline	52-66	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	104-131
8330908-5	1993	Extended studies in human experimental endotoxemia showed that pentoxifylline decreased circulating TNF without affecting endogenous formation of interleukins.	Pentoxifylline	63-77	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	100-103
8330908-7	1993	In conclusion, we suggest that pentoxifylline may improve therapeutic strategies in septic syndrome and other diseases in which TNF represents a causative pathophysiological factor.	Pentoxifylline	31-45	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	128-131
8340137-4	1993	Anti-TNF-antibodies as well as pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of TNF synthesis, attenuated lethality provoked by endotoxin or sepsis in experimental animals.	Pentoxifylline	31-45	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	63-66
8266818-0	1993	Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion by pentoxifylline in advanced cancer patients with abnormally high blood levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	55-69	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	14-41
8266818-0	1993	Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha secretion by pentoxifylline in advanced cancer patients with abnormally high blood levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	55-69	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	135-162
8266818-3	1993	At present, PTX is the only drug which has been proven to be able to inhibit in vitro the release of TNF.	Pentoxifylline	12-15	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	101-104
8266818-4	1993	The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of PTX on TNF blood concentrations in disseminated cancer patients with abnormally high TNF values.	Pentoxifylline	58-61	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	65-68
8266818-4	1993	The present study was performed to evaluate the effect of PTX on TNF blood concentrations in disseminated cancer patients with abnormally high TNF values.	Pentoxifylline	58-61	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	143-146
8266818-7	1993	Mean serum levels of TNF significantly decreased in response to PTX therapy, and they returned to normal range in 5/14 patients.	Pentoxifylline	64-67	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	21-24
8266818-8	1993	These preliminary data would suggest that PTX may be considered as a biological response modifier, capable of inhibiting TNF secretion in humans, with a following potential use in the treatment of cancer-related severe complications.	Pentoxifylline	42-45	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	121-124
8388869-2	1993	On two cell lines, PTX or caffeine treatment enhanced H-2K and H-2D expression.	Pentoxifylline	19-22	histocompatibility 2, K1, K region	Mus musculus	54-58
8388869-3	1993	Treatment with PTX and either interferon-gamma, interferon-alpha/beta, tumor necrosis factor, or lymphotoxin increased the levels of K and D expression above those observed following treatment with either PTX or cytokines alone.	Pentoxifylline	205-208	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	30-46
8473017-4	1993	RNI production induced by either IFN-gamma or malaria antigen or a combination of the two was suppressed by pentoxifylline in a dose-dependent manner.	Pentoxifylline	108-122	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	33-42
8318500-1	1993	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methylated xanthine that has been shown to reduce the toxicity of Interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy in animal models, possibly by inhibiting secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	92-105
8318500-1	1993	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methylated xanthine that has been shown to reduce the toxicity of Interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy in animal models, possibly by inhibiting secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	107-111
8318500-1	1993	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methylated xanthine that has been shown to reduce the toxicity of Interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy in animal models, possibly by inhibiting secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	175-202
8318500-1	1993	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methylated xanthine that has been shown to reduce the toxicity of Interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy in animal models, possibly by inhibiting secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	92-105
8318500-1	1993	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methylated xanthine that has been shown to reduce the toxicity of Interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy in animal models, possibly by inhibiting secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	107-111
8318500-1	1993	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methylated xanthine that has been shown to reduce the toxicity of Interleukin-2 (IL-2) therapy in animal models, possibly by inhibiting secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	175-202
8318500-2	1993	However, the use of PTX to reduce IL-2 toxicity in cancer patients would be advantageous only if PTX did not abrogate antitumor effector mechanisms.	Pentoxifylline	20-23	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	34-38
8318500-9	1993	Because lymphocytes "preactivated" by IL-2 in vivo may respond to PTX differently than resting cells, two patients were tested after a 5 day infusion of IL-2 at 6 x 10(6) U/m2/day.	Pentoxifylline	66-69	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	38-42
8317328-4	1993	Dexamethasone and pentoxifylline caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of TNF alpha production by LPS-stimulated human and rat blood with IC50s of 0.26 +/- 0.05 and 73.0 +/- 26.4 microM for human and 5.7 +/- 1.8 nM and 20.6 +/- 8.0 microM for rat blood, respectively.	Pentoxifylline	18-32	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	80-89
8388363-1	1993	Several in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated suppression of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) synthesis by pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	124-138	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	100-109
8095247-5	1993	Long-term administration of pentoxifylline (16 mg/kg orally, 5 days/wk for 12 wk) in an animal model of liver fibrosis prevented elevations in gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase levels and prevented the reduction in serum albumin level normally observed in this animal model of liver disease.	Pentoxifylline	28-42	inactive glutathione hydrolase 2	Homo sapiens	143-172
7682199-0	1993	Inhibition of CD44, CD45 and LFA-3 mediated cytokine release from human monocytes by SK&amp;F 86002 and pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	104-118	CD44 molecule (Indian blood group)	Homo sapiens	14-18
7682199-0	1993	Inhibition of CD44, CD45 and LFA-3 mediated cytokine release from human monocytes by SK&amp;F 86002 and pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	104-118	protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C	Homo sapiens	20-24
7682199-0	1993	Inhibition of CD44, CD45 and LFA-3 mediated cytokine release from human monocytes by SK&amp;F 86002 and pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	104-118	CD58 molecule	Homo sapiens	29-34
7682199-1	1993	Compounds from two distinct pharmacological classes namely, SK&amp;F 86002 and pentoxifylline, were examined for their effects on TNF alpha and IL-1 beta release by human monocytes stimulated with LPS or monoclonal antibodies to three cell surface glycoproteins, CD44, CD45 and LFA-3 (LFA-3 is also known as CD58).	Pentoxifylline	79-93	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	130-139
7682199-1	1993	Compounds from two distinct pharmacological classes namely, SK&amp;F 86002 and pentoxifylline, were examined for their effects on TNF alpha and IL-1 beta release by human monocytes stimulated with LPS or monoclonal antibodies to three cell surface glycoproteins, CD44, CD45 and LFA-3 (LFA-3 is also known as CD58).	Pentoxifylline	79-93	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	144-153
7682199-4	1993	Pentoxifylline, a methylxanthine derivative with phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity, selectively inhibited LPS-induced TNF alpha release with an IC50 of 100 microM.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	122-131
7682199-5	1993	TNF alpha and IL-1 beta release mediated by the monoclonal antibodies were inhibited by less than 30% in the presence of 100 microM pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	132-146	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	0-9
7682199-5	1993	TNF alpha and IL-1 beta release mediated by the monoclonal antibodies were inhibited by less than 30% in the presence of 100 microM pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	132-146	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	14-23
8273588-3	1993	Dexamethasone, pentoxifylline and denbufylline inhibited TNF alpha production with IC50s of 6.0 +/- 2.0 nM, 20.6 +/- 8.00 microM and 138.0 nM, respectively.	Pentoxifylline	15-29	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	57-66
8417761-8	1993	Pentoxifylline prescription has been suggested in ARDS with respect to its activity on neutrophils, its inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) release by mononuclear phagocytes, and its prevention of TNF-induced lung injury.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	147-150
8417761-8	1993	Pentoxifylline prescription has been suggested in ARDS with respect to its activity on neutrophils, its inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) release by mononuclear phagocytes, and its prevention of TNF-induced lung injury.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	209-212
7678547-3	1993	Pentoxifylline, a substituted methylxanthine approved for treatment of intermittent claudication, has been shown in preclinical studies to down-regulate TNF RNA expression as well as TNF activity.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	153-156
7803190-0	1993	Pentoxifylline enhances sensitivity of a human ovarian cancer cell line (OVC-8) to TNF-alpha.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	83-92
7803190-2	1993	When OVC-8 cells are treated with pentoxifylline (PTX), the level of mRNA for TNF-alpha is markedly reduced.	Pentoxifylline	34-48	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	78-87
7803190-2	1993	When OVC-8 cells are treated with pentoxifylline (PTX), the level of mRNA for TNF-alpha is markedly reduced.	Pentoxifylline	50-53	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	78-87
7803190-7	1993	The synergistic cytotoxic effect obtained with ovarian cancer cells suggests that the combination of PTX and TNF-alpha could be applied clinically in the therapy of TNF-alpha-producing ovarian cancer.	Pentoxifylline	101-104	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	165-174
7678547-9	1993	Taken together these findings suggest that pentoxifylline can down-regulate TNF expression and improve the sense of well-being in cancer patients.	Pentoxifylline	43-57	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	76-79
7678547-3	1993	Pentoxifylline, a substituted methylxanthine approved for treatment of intermittent claudication, has been shown in preclinical studies to down-regulate TNF RNA expression as well as TNF activity.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	183-186
7678547-4	1993	We report that pentoxifylline suppressed TNF RNA levels on all three occasions in patients with initially elevated levels of TNF RNA.	Pentoxifylline	15-29	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	41-44
7678547-4	1993	We report that pentoxifylline suppressed TNF RNA levels on all three occasions in patients with initially elevated levels of TNF RNA.	Pentoxifylline	15-29	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	125-128
7678547-7	1993	Two of these five patients with normal TNF levels each had a weight gain of more than 5% after 3 weeks of pentoxifylline therapy suggesting that, although TNF may be important in the pathogenesis of cancer cachexia, other anorexia-producing cytokines that are potentially affected by pentoxifylline may also be involved.	Pentoxifylline	106-120	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	155-158
8094674-0	1993	Pentoxifylline at clinically achievable levels inhibits FMLP-induced neutrophil responses, but not priming, upregulation of cell-adhesion molecules, or migration induced by GM-CSF.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	56-60
8094674-1	1993	Pentoxifylline (PTX) administered after bone-marrow transplantation reduces procedure-related organ damage mediated by TNF alpha.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	119-128
8094674-1	1993	Pentoxifylline (PTX) administered after bone-marrow transplantation reduces procedure-related organ damage mediated by TNF alpha.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	119-128
8433093-4	1993	The only striking difference was that pentoxifylline treatment selectively prevented neuronal cell damage in the sector CA1 of the hippocampus.	Pentoxifylline	38-52	carbonic anhydrase 1	Mus musculus	120-123
8469785-1	1993	Pentoxifylline (PTX) has potential usefulness in HIV-seropositive patients due to its beneficial effects on renal function, its inhibitory effects on tumor necrosis factor alpha, and its vascular effects on microcirculatory disturbances.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	150-177
8392131-2	1993	Surface protein expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1, or intercellular adhesion molecule-1, which is induced by tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and lipopolysaccharide, was not induced by pentoxyfilline, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, nor by dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate.	Pentoxifylline	247-261	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	30-63
8392131-2	1993	Surface protein expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule-1, or intercellular adhesion molecule-1, which is induced by tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and lipopolysaccharide, was not induced by pentoxyfilline, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, nor by dibutyryl cyclic adenosine monophosphate.	Pentoxifylline	247-261	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	189-202
8469785-1	1993	Pentoxifylline (PTX) has potential usefulness in HIV-seropositive patients due to its beneficial effects on renal function, its inhibitory effects on tumor necrosis factor alpha, and its vascular effects on microcirculatory disturbances.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	150-177
1478854-4	1992	Both PTX and caffeine significantly inhibited mitogen- and SEB-induced proliferation by murine spleen cells, SEB- and antigen-induced proliferation and lymphokine secretion by murine Th1 and Th2 clones, and the generation of antigen-specific antibody producing murine spleen cells.	Pentoxifylline	5-8	negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l	Mus musculus	183-186
1425913-5	1992	Pretreatment of P. vinckei-infected mice with pentoxifylline, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, led to a significant decrease of IFN-gamma-induced lethality (p &lt; 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	46-60	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	126-135
1466907-1	1992	Four agents, thalidomide, oxpentifylline, dexamethasone and a polyclonal anti-TNF-alpha antibody, were all shown by specific Elisa to block endogenous TNF-alpha production by Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG)-infected human monocyte-derived macrophages in in vitro culture.	Pentoxifylline	26-40	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	151-160
1356929-3	1992	In vitro, pentoxifylline (PTOX) inhibits superoxide anion production when PMN are stimulated with an activated complement component (C5a Des Arg) or formyl peptides but only at concentrations not achieved in the circulation.	Pentoxifylline	10-24	complement C5a receptor 1	Homo sapiens	133-136
1356929-3	1992	In vitro, pentoxifylline (PTOX) inhibits superoxide anion production when PMN are stimulated with an activated complement component (C5a Des Arg) or formyl peptides but only at concentrations not achieved in the circulation.	Pentoxifylline	26-30	complement C5a receptor 1	Homo sapiens	133-136
1356929-5	1992	Superoxide anion production, monitored by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence, was inhibited by 40.5% +/- 8.0% (n = 8, P &lt; 0.009) for C5a Des Arg and 47.7% +/- 9.6% (n = 8, P &lt; 0.009) for formyl-methionylleucylphenylalanine stimulation 1.5 h after ingestion of 400 mg of PTOX in a slow-release tablet, with some inhibitory effects persisting at 5 h. There was a strong correlation between reduced PMN response to activated complement and plasma concentrations of three PTOX metabolites (P &lt; 0.05), but not with plasma concentrations of the parent drug.	Pentoxifylline	278-282	complement C5a receptor 1	Homo sapiens	138-141
1356929-5	1992	Superoxide anion production, monitored by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence, was inhibited by 40.5% +/- 8.0% (n = 8, P &lt; 0.009) for C5a Des Arg and 47.7% +/- 9.6% (n = 8, P &lt; 0.009) for formyl-methionylleucylphenylalanine stimulation 1.5 h after ingestion of 400 mg of PTOX in a slow-release tablet, with some inhibitory effects persisting at 5 h. There was a strong correlation between reduced PMN response to activated complement and plasma concentrations of three PTOX metabolites (P &lt; 0.05), but not with plasma concentrations of the parent drug.	Pentoxifylline	476-480	complement C5a receptor 1	Homo sapiens	138-141
1478854-4	1992	Both PTX and caffeine significantly inhibited mitogen- and SEB-induced proliferation by murine spleen cells, SEB- and antigen-induced proliferation and lymphokine secretion by murine Th1 and Th2 clones, and the generation of antigen-specific antibody producing murine spleen cells.	Pentoxifylline	5-8	heart and neural crest derivatives expressed 2	Mus musculus	191-194
1424636-3	1992	Pretreatment with pentoxifylline at concentrations greater than 3 micrograms/ml also significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) reduced secretion of TNF by MEM phi.	Pentoxifylline	18-32	tumor necrosis factor	Equus caballus	151-154
1424636-5	1992	Pentoxifylline (100 micrograms/ml) significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) suppressed TNF when added from 2 hours before until 2 hours after LPS; however, when pentoxifylline addition was delayed until 8 hours post-LPS, TNF production was enhanced.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Equus caballus	91-94
1424636-5	1992	Pentoxifylline (100 micrograms/ml) significantly (P less than or equal to 0.05) suppressed TNF when added from 2 hours before until 2 hours after LPS; however, when pentoxifylline addition was delayed until 8 hours post-LPS, TNF production was enhanced.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Equus caballus	225-228
1320643-4	1992	The synergistic activity of cocaine was reduced by neutralizing antibodies to TNF-alpha and by pentoxifylline, an inhibitor of TNF-alpha mRNA production.	Pentoxifylline	95-109	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	127-136
1644928-0	1992	Pentoxifylline inhibits interleukin-2-induced toxicity in C57BL/6 mice but preserves antitumor efficacy.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	24-37
1644928-3	1992	Because pentoxifylline (PTXF) inhibits TNF production, we hypothesized that PTXF would ameliorate IL-2 toxicity without compromising antitumor efficacy.	Pentoxifylline	8-22	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	39-42
1644928-3	1992	Because pentoxifylline (PTXF) inhibits TNF production, we hypothesized that PTXF would ameliorate IL-2 toxicity without compromising antitumor efficacy.	Pentoxifylline	8-22	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	98-102
1644928-3	1992	Because pentoxifylline (PTXF) inhibits TNF production, we hypothesized that PTXF would ameliorate IL-2 toxicity without compromising antitumor efficacy.	Pentoxifylline	24-28	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	39-42
1644928-3	1992	Because pentoxifylline (PTXF) inhibits TNF production, we hypothesized that PTXF would ameliorate IL-2 toxicity without compromising antitumor efficacy.	Pentoxifylline	76-80	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	98-102
1644928-5	1992	Upon completion of therapy, we found that PTXF suppressed many of the IL-2-induced effects including TNF production, lymphocytic infiltration of multiple organs, multiple organ edema, hepatic dysfunction, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia.	Pentoxifylline	42-46	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	70-74
1644928-5	1992	Upon completion of therapy, we found that PTXF suppressed many of the IL-2-induced effects including TNF production, lymphocytic infiltration of multiple organs, multiple organ edema, hepatic dysfunction, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia.	Pentoxifylline	42-46	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	101-104
1644928-7	1992	PTXF preserved antitumor efficacy while reducing the morbidity and mortality caused by IL-2 treatment.	Pentoxifylline	0-4	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	87-91
1644928-8	1992	These data strongly support the use of PTXF in extending the therapeutic index of IL-2 in the treatment of cancer.	Pentoxifylline	39-43	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	82-86
1527422-3	1992	When added concomitantly with lipopolysaccharide, pentoxifylline blocked the release of TNF and IL-1 but not IL-6, while dexamethasone inhibited the release of TNF and IL-6.	Pentoxifylline	50-64	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	88-91
1527422-3	1992	When added concomitantly with lipopolysaccharide, pentoxifylline blocked the release of TNF and IL-1 but not IL-6, while dexamethasone inhibited the release of TNF and IL-6.	Pentoxifylline	50-64	interleukin 1 complex	Mus musculus	96-100
1527422-4	1992	After a 2-h exposure of microglia to lipopolysaccharide, pentoxifylline but not dexamethasone still inhibited the release of TNF.	Pentoxifylline	57-71	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	125-128
1527422-5	1992	Release of TNF was enhanced 20-fold by priming of the microglia with interferon-gamma; only pentoxifylline blocked the priming effect of interferon-gamma on TNF release.	Pentoxifylline	92-106	interferon gamma	Mus musculus	137-153
1527422-5	1992	Release of TNF was enhanced 20-fold by priming of the microglia with interferon-gamma; only pentoxifylline blocked the priming effect of interferon-gamma on TNF release.	Pentoxifylline	92-106	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	157-160
1422475-12	1992	Use of the TNF-alpha blocker, pentoxifylline, has also shown promise in lessening VOD.	Pentoxifylline	30-44	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	11-20
1641782-1	1992	BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine whether pentoxifylline administration restores the depressed hepatocellular function after trauma hemorrhage and crystalloid resuscitation and, if so, whether this is the result of the down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6).	Pentoxifylline	63-77	tumor necrosis factor-like	Rattus norvegicus	283-304
1641782-1	1992	BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine whether pentoxifylline administration restores the depressed hepatocellular function after trauma hemorrhage and crystalloid resuscitation and, if so, whether this is the result of the down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6).	Pentoxifylline	63-77	tumor necrosis factor-like	Rattus norvegicus	306-309
1641782-1	1992	BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine whether pentoxifylline administration restores the depressed hepatocellular function after trauma hemorrhage and crystalloid resuscitation and, if so, whether this is the result of the down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6).	Pentoxifylline	63-77	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	315-328
1641782-1	1992	BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to determine whether pentoxifylline administration restores the depressed hepatocellular function after trauma hemorrhage and crystalloid resuscitation and, if so, whether this is the result of the down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6).	Pentoxifylline	63-77	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	330-334
1500076-0	1992	[Pentoxifylline--an inhibitor of the synthesis of tumor necrosis factor alpha].	Pentoxifylline	1-15	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	50-77
1500076-2	1992	Recently, in our institute evidence was raised that pentoxifylline (POF) is able to suppress the synthesis of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) in cell cultures, in vivo, and to protect experimental animals against endotoxin shock.	Pentoxifylline	52-66	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	110-137
1500076-2	1992	Recently, in our institute evidence was raised that pentoxifylline (POF) is able to suppress the synthesis of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) in cell cultures, in vivo, and to protect experimental animals against endotoxin shock.	Pentoxifylline	52-66	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	139-142
1500076-3	1992	Studies in human experimental endotoxemia showed that pentoxifylline decreased circulating TNF without affecting endogenous formation of interleukins.	Pentoxifylline	54-68	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	91-94
1596574-0	1992	Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in HL-60 leukemia cells by pentoxifylline and dexamethasone: dissociation of acivicin-induced TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta mRNA expression from acivicin-induced monocytoid differentiation.	Pentoxifylline	148-162	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	14-41
1596574-0	1992	Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in HL-60 leukemia cells by pentoxifylline and dexamethasone: dissociation of acivicin-induced TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta mRNA expression from acivicin-induced monocytoid differentiation.	Pentoxifylline	148-162	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	43-52
1596574-10	1992	Basal CD14 and CD11b expression were slightly reduced by DEX and PTX, but neither drug modified the acivicin-induced increases.	Pentoxifylline	65-68	CD14 molecule	Homo sapiens	6-10
1596574-10	1992	Basal CD14 and CD11b expression were slightly reduced by DEX and PTX, but neither drug modified the acivicin-induced increases.	Pentoxifylline	65-68	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	15-20
1596574-11	1992	DEX and PTX reduced the acivicin-induced increases in TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta mRNA expression, but they had little or no effect on the acivicin-induced decreases in expression of mRNA for c-myc and c-myb.	Pentoxifylline	8-11	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	54-63
1596574-11	1992	DEX and PTX reduced the acivicin-induced increases in TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta mRNA expression, but they had little or no effect on the acivicin-induced decreases in expression of mRNA for c-myc and c-myb.	Pentoxifylline	8-11	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	68-77
1596574-0	1992	Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in HL-60 leukemia cells by pentoxifylline and dexamethasone: dissociation of acivicin-induced TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta mRNA expression from acivicin-induced monocytoid differentiation.	Pentoxifylline	148-162	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	58-76
1596574-12	1992	Thus, DEX and PTX effectively block the acivicin-induced expression of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta, but they have little influence on the acivicin-induced differentiation process.	Pentoxifylline	14-17	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	71-80
1596574-0	1992	Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in HL-60 leukemia cells by pentoxifylline and dexamethasone: dissociation of acivicin-induced TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta mRNA expression from acivicin-induced monocytoid differentiation.	Pentoxifylline	148-162	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	78-87
1596574-12	1992	Thus, DEX and PTX effectively block the acivicin-induced expression of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta, but they have little influence on the acivicin-induced differentiation process.	Pentoxifylline	14-17	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	85-94
1593221-5	1992	Concentrations of both PGE2 and TNF-alpha were increased by more than five times in those assay wells containing pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	113-127	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	32-41
1611705-8	1992	Abrupt removal of amrinone or pentoxifylline from the culture medium prior to LPS stimulation, however, caused significantly augmented TNF production.	Pentoxifylline	30-44	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	135-138
1385797-0	1992	Differential effects of pentoxifylline on the production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by monocytes and T cells.	Pentoxifylline	24-38	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	90-99
1385797-0	1992	Differential effects of pentoxifylline on the production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by monocytes and T cells.	Pentoxifylline	24-38	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	105-118
1385797-0	1992	Differential effects of pentoxifylline on the production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by monocytes and T cells.	Pentoxifylline	24-38	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	120-124
1385797-1	1992	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methylxanthine compound known to inhibit the production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) by monocytic cells.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	115-124
1385797-1	1992	Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a methylxanthine compound known to inhibit the production of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) by monocytic cells.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	115-124
1385797-2	1992	In this study, we found that PTX differentially regulates the production of TNF-alpha and interleukin-6 (IL-6).	Pentoxifylline	29-32	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	76-85
1385797-2	1992	In this study, we found that PTX differentially regulates the production of TNF-alpha and interleukin-6 (IL-6).	Pentoxifylline	29-32	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	90-103
1385797-2	1992	In this study, we found that PTX differentially regulates the production of TNF-alpha and interleukin-6 (IL-6).	Pentoxifylline	29-32	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	105-109
1385797-3	1992	Indeed, PTX at high concentrations triggers the production of IL-6 but not of TNF-alpha by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).	Pentoxifylline	8-11	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	62-66
1385797-4	1992	Further experiments indicated that monocytes are responsible for this PTX-induced IL-6 production.	Pentoxifylline	70-73	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	82-86
1385797-5	1992	When PBMC were stimulated with LPS, PTX was found to inhibit the secretion of TNF-alpha as well as the accumulation of TNF-alpha messenger RNA (mRNA).	Pentoxifylline	36-39	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	78-87
1385797-5	1992	When PBMC were stimulated with LPS, PTX was found to inhibit the secretion of TNF-alpha as well as the accumulation of TNF-alpha messenger RNA (mRNA).	Pentoxifylline	36-39	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	119-128
1385797-8	1992	In addition, the in vivo administration of PTX in transplant patients receiving the first dose of OKT3 allowed to decrease the systemic release of TNF-alpha but not of IL-6.	Pentoxifylline	43-46	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	147-156
1385797-8	1992	In addition, the in vivo administration of PTX in transplant patients receiving the first dose of OKT3 allowed to decrease the systemic release of TNF-alpha but not of IL-6.	Pentoxifylline	43-46	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	168-172
1385797-10	1992	In this system, PTX was found to inhibit the secretion of both TNF-alpha and IL-6 by T cells.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	63-72
1385797-10	1992	In this system, PTX was found to inhibit the secretion of both TNF-alpha and IL-6 by T cells.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	77-81
1385797-11	1992	We suggest that cAMP could be involved in these differential effects of PTX on production of TNF-alpha and of IL-6.	Pentoxifylline	72-75	cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide	Homo sapiens	16-20
1385797-11	1992	We suggest that cAMP could be involved in these differential effects of PTX on production of TNF-alpha and of IL-6.	Pentoxifylline	72-75	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	93-102
1385797-11	1992	We suggest that cAMP could be involved in these differential effects of PTX on production of TNF-alpha and of IL-6.	Pentoxifylline	72-75	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	110-114
1510423-6	1992	AB-induced IL-1 beta expression was suppressed by hydrocortisone (HC), pentoxifylline, and an investigational theobromine, A81-3138, in a linear, dose-related manner.	Pentoxifylline	71-85	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	11-20
1510423-9	1992	Pentoxifylline and A81-3138 may also be effective in modulating IL-1 beta expression by mononuclear cells at concentrations achievable in serum.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	64-73
1314865-0	1992	Pentoxifylline inhibits certain constitutive and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced activities of human normal dermal fibroblasts.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	49-76
1314865-1	1992	Pentoxifylline (PFN), analog of theobromine, which phenotypically and functionally alters various cell types including dermal fibroblasts, has been reported to inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) activation of neutrophils.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	168-195
1314865-1	1992	Pentoxifylline (PFN), analog of theobromine, which phenotypically and functionally alters various cell types including dermal fibroblasts, has been reported to inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) activation of neutrophils.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	197-206
1314865-1	1992	Pentoxifylline (PFN), analog of theobromine, which phenotypically and functionally alters various cell types including dermal fibroblasts, has been reported to inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) activation of neutrophils.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	168-195
1314865-1	1992	Pentoxifylline (PFN), analog of theobromine, which phenotypically and functionally alters various cell types including dermal fibroblasts, has been reported to inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha) activation of neutrophils.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	197-206
1314865-2	1992	We investigated the ability of PFN to alter constitutive and TNF alpha-induced biosynthetic activities of human normal dermal fibroblasts.	Pentoxifylline	31-34	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	61-70
1314865-6	1992	The presence of PFN (1 mg/ml) in fibroblast cultures reduced constitutive synthesis of collagen and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) by 87% and 45%, respectively, and blocked induction of their synthesis by TNF alpha (10(4) U/ml).	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	198-207
1314865-9	1992	Furthermore, PFN did inhibit, by 98%, TNF alpha-dependent murine and human fibroblast cytotoxicity.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	38-47
1576094-3	1992	It is also known that prolonged administration of N-3 fatty acids, ticlopidine, fibrates, pentoxifylline, or alcohol lower plasma fibrinogen levels.	Pentoxifylline	90-104	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	130-140
1568958-3	1992	Pentoxifylline (20 mg/kg iv and ip 20 min before administration of TNF) had no detectable effect on either HPV or ACh-induced relaxation but completely negated the augmentation on HPV and the inhibiting action on ACh-induced relaxation caused by TNF.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor-like	Rattus norvegicus	67-70
1318681-10	1992	Pentoxifylline (1 mM) decreased AmB-stimulated PMN Mac-1 expression back to unstimulated amounts.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	51-56
1568958-3	1992	Pentoxifylline (20 mg/kg iv and ip 20 min before administration of TNF) had no detectable effect on either HPV or ACh-induced relaxation but completely negated the augmentation on HPV and the inhibiting action on ACh-induced relaxation caused by TNF.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor-like	Rattus norvegicus	246-249
1568958-5	1992	These results indicate that TNF induces endothelial dysfunction and enhances HPV, effects that are inhibited by pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	112-126	tumor necrosis factor-like	Rattus norvegicus	28-31
1542546-2	1992	We tested the hypothesis that PTF infusion would blunt or inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha)-induced and U46,619-induced increases in mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in the neonatal piglet and would do so by altering production of eicosanoid vasoactive mediators.	Pentoxifylline	30-33	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	66-93
1340530-9	1992	Pentoxifylline reduced CD11b/CD18 expression on normal and diabetic monocytes.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	23-28
1542546-2	1992	We tested the hypothesis that PTF infusion would blunt or inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha)-induced and U46,619-induced increases in mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in the neonatal piglet and would do so by altering production of eicosanoid vasoactive mediators.	Pentoxifylline	30-33	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	95-104
1542546-2	1992	We tested the hypothesis that PTF infusion would blunt or inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha)-induced and U46,619-induced increases in mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) in the neonatal piglet and would do so by altering production of eicosanoid vasoactive mediators.	Pentoxifylline	30-33	PVR cell adhesion molecule	Homo sapiens	213-216
1340530-9	1992	Pentoxifylline reduced CD11b/CD18 expression on normal and diabetic monocytes.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	lymphotoxin beta receptor	Homo sapiens	29-33
1340531-0	1992	Pentoxifylline in vitro reverses neutrophil chemotactic deficiency induced by interleukin-2 treatment.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	78-91
1340531-8	1992	Pentoxifylline is known for counteracting the inflammatory action of tumor necrosis factor.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	69-90
1340532-0	1992	Study of pentoxifylline induced modulation of TNF alpha and interleukin-6 secretion in healthy and septic patients by the use of an ex-vivo model on whole blood.	Pentoxifylline	9-23	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	46-55
1340532-0	1992	Study of pentoxifylline induced modulation of TNF alpha and interleukin-6 secretion in healthy and septic patients by the use of an ex-vivo model on whole blood.	Pentoxifylline	9-23	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	60-73
1340532-1	1992	The aim of this work is to reinvestigate the pentoxifylline (PTX) action on TNF alpha and IL-6 production using a whole blood ex-vivo model.	Pentoxifylline	45-59	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	76-85
1340532-1	1992	The aim of this work is to reinvestigate the pentoxifylline (PTX) action on TNF alpha and IL-6 production using a whole blood ex-vivo model.	Pentoxifylline	45-59	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	90-94
1340532-1	1992	The aim of this work is to reinvestigate the pentoxifylline (PTX) action on TNF alpha and IL-6 production using a whole blood ex-vivo model.	Pentoxifylline	61-64	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	76-85
1340532-1	1992	The aim of this work is to reinvestigate the pentoxifylline (PTX) action on TNF alpha and IL-6 production using a whole blood ex-vivo model.	Pentoxifylline	61-64	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	90-94
1340532-3	1992	Our data confirm the inhibitory action of PTX on TNF alpha production in healthy controls.	Pentoxifylline	42-45	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	49-58
1340532-4	1992	This inhibition is nearly complete for a PTX concentration of 10(-3) M. More surprisingly a suppressive activity of PTX on IL-6 secretion has been found both in controls and septic patients.	Pentoxifylline	116-119	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	123-127
1937957-5	1991	In addition, pentoxifylline-treated cell GAG synthesis was reduced by 36%, and the charge density of chondroitin sulphate reduced, while tumour-cell aggregation and adhesion to subendothelial extracellular matrix was increased, as was the tumour-cell-mediated release of 35SO4 from radiolabelled subendothelial matrix.	Pentoxifylline	13-27	melanoma antigen	Mus musculus	41-44
14621819-3	1992	Accordingly, we evaluated whether pentoxifylline, which suppresses macrophage TNF release, would improve graft survival after orthotopic rat liver transplantation with arterialization.	Pentoxifylline	34-48	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
14621819-8	1992	Pentoxifylline was also shown to suppress TNF release by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cultured rat Kupffer cells.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	42-45
14621819-9	1992	Thus, pentoxifylline may protect against primary non-function and failure of grafts from storage injury by suppressing excessive TNF release by activated Kupffer cells.	Pentoxifylline	6-20	tumor necrosis factor	Rattus norvegicus	129-132
1726126-6	1991	Drugs such as cyclosporine, 1,25,dihydroxycholecalciferol and pentoxyfylline can block lymphokine and TNF production and thus, may inhibit the inflammatory process.	Pentoxifylline	62-76	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	102-105
1833865-5	1991	In vitro experiments on human peripheral blood leukocytes indicated that PTX alone or in synergy with methylprednisolone (m-PDS) also inhibited the release of TNF and IL-2 induced by OKT3.	Pentoxifylline	73-76	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	159-162
1656978-1	1991	The inhibitory effect of adenosine (ADO) and pentoxifylline (POF) was studied alone and in combination on the N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) stimulated superoxide anion production of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL).	Pentoxifylline	45-59	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	151-155
1656978-1	1991	The inhibitory effect of adenosine (ADO) and pentoxifylline (POF) was studied alone and in combination on the N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) stimulated superoxide anion production of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL).	Pentoxifylline	61-64	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	151-155
1833865-0	1991	Evidence that pentoxifylline reduces anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody-induced cytokine release syndrome.	Pentoxifylline	14-28	CD3 antigen, epsilon polypeptide	Mus musculus	42-45
1833865-5	1991	In vitro experiments on human peripheral blood leukocytes indicated that PTX alone or in synergy with methylprednisolone (m-PDS) also inhibited the release of TNF and IL-2 induced by OKT3.	Pentoxifylline	73-76	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	167-171
1833865-1	1991	Pretreatment with pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine known for its beneficial effects on tissue lesions induced by the injection of endotoxin or recombinant cytokines, was shown to decrease the systemic release of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 2 occurring after the administration of the anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody 145-2C11 in mice.	Pentoxifylline	18-32	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	244-257
1833865-1	1991	Pretreatment with pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine known for its beneficial effects on tissue lesions induced by the injection of endotoxin or recombinant cytokines, was shown to decrease the systemic release of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 2 occurring after the administration of the anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody 145-2C11 in mice.	Pentoxifylline	18-32	CD3 antigen, epsilon polypeptide	Mus musculus	305-308
1869848-5	1991	In pentoxifylline-treated mice, serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF) bioactivity was nondetectable, whereas control mice had high TNF levels on day 6 after infection.	Pentoxifylline	3-17	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	38-59
1833865-1	1991	Pretreatment with pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine known for its beneficial effects on tissue lesions induced by the injection of endotoxin or recombinant cytokines, was shown to decrease the systemic release of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 2 occurring after the administration of the anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody 145-2C11 in mice.	Pentoxifylline	34-37	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	244-257
1833865-1	1991	Pretreatment with pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine known for its beneficial effects on tissue lesions induced by the injection of endotoxin or recombinant cytokines, was shown to decrease the systemic release of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 2 occurring after the administration of the anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody 145-2C11 in mice.	Pentoxifylline	34-37	CD3 antigen, epsilon polypeptide	Mus musculus	305-308
1869848-5	1991	In pentoxifylline-treated mice, serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF) bioactivity was nondetectable, whereas control mice had high TNF levels on day 6 after infection.	Pentoxifylline	3-17	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	61-64
1869848-5	1991	In pentoxifylline-treated mice, serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF) bioactivity was nondetectable, whereas control mice had high TNF levels on day 6 after infection.	Pentoxifylline	3-17	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	127-130
1869848-7	1991	Northern blot analysis of TNF mRNA from stimulated macrophages showed that pentoxifylline inhibited TNF expression at the transcription level, and TNF bioactivity in supernatants was strongly depressed.	Pentoxifylline	75-89	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	26-29
1869848-7	1991	Northern blot analysis of TNF mRNA from stimulated macrophages showed that pentoxifylline inhibited TNF expression at the transcription level, and TNF bioactivity in supernatants was strongly depressed.	Pentoxifylline	75-89	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	100-103
1869848-7	1991	Northern blot analysis of TNF mRNA from stimulated macrophages showed that pentoxifylline inhibited TNF expression at the transcription level, and TNF bioactivity in supernatants was strongly depressed.	Pentoxifylline	75-89	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	100-103
1858029-3	1991	This study investigates the effects of pentoxifylline on endotoxin-stimulated TNF production in vitro and in vivo.	Pentoxifylline	39-53	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	78-81
1878587-2	1991	Because elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) have been correlated with the development of transplant related complications, we conducted a phase I-II trial of pentoxifylline (PTX), a xanthine derivative capable of down-regulating TNF-alpha production, in patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing BMT.	Pentoxifylline	181-195	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	27-54
1878587-2	1991	Because elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) have been correlated with the development of transplant related complications, we conducted a phase I-II trial of pentoxifylline (PTX), a xanthine derivative capable of down-regulating TNF-alpha production, in patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing BMT.	Pentoxifylline	181-195	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	56-65
1878587-2	1991	Because elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) have been correlated with the development of transplant related complications, we conducted a phase I-II trial of pentoxifylline (PTX), a xanthine derivative capable of down-regulating TNF-alpha production, in patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing BMT.	Pentoxifylline	181-195	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	252-261
1878587-2	1991	Because elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) have been correlated with the development of transplant related complications, we conducted a phase I-II trial of pentoxifylline (PTX), a xanthine derivative capable of down-regulating TNF-alpha production, in patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing BMT.	Pentoxifylline	197-200	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	27-54
1878587-2	1991	Because elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) have been correlated with the development of transplant related complications, we conducted a phase I-II trial of pentoxifylline (PTX), a xanthine derivative capable of down-regulating TNF-alpha production, in patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing BMT.	Pentoxifylline	197-200	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	56-65
1878587-2	1991	Because elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) have been correlated with the development of transplant related complications, we conducted a phase I-II trial of pentoxifylline (PTX), a xanthine derivative capable of down-regulating TNF-alpha production, in patients with hematologic malignancies undergoing BMT.	Pentoxifylline	197-200	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	252-261
1858029-4	1991	Pentoxifylline concentrations of 100 and 1000 micrograms/ml inhibited TNF production by murine adherent peritoneal exudate cells incubated with endotoxin 1 microgram/ml.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	70-73
1858029-5	1991	Similarly, pentoxifylline at 100 and 1000 micrograms/ml decreased the number of available TNF messenger RNA transcripts in peritoneal exudate cells assessed by Northern blot.	Pentoxifylline	11-25	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	90-93
1858029-6	1991	Pentoxifylline had no effect on TNF mRNA stability, but appeared to act by inhibiting the rate of TNF mRNA production (transcription).	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	98-101
1858029-7	1991	In murine in vivo experiments at each dose of endotoxin administered from 0.01 to 30 mg/kg, pentoxifylline treatment significantly reduced serum TNF levels, suggesting a favorable shift of the endotoxin dose-response curve.	Pentoxifylline	92-106	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	145-148
1858029-8	1991	Expression of murine TNF gene in the livers of these animals showed fewer TNF transcripts in the pentoxifylline-treated animals compared to controls.	Pentoxifylline	97-111	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	21-24
1858029-8	1991	Expression of murine TNF gene in the livers of these animals showed fewer TNF transcripts in the pentoxifylline-treated animals compared to controls.	Pentoxifylline	97-111	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	74-77
1858029-9	1991	Pentoxifylline inhibited endotoxin-induced TNF production both in vivo and in vitro and exerted this control by inhibiting endotoxin-induced transcription of the TNF gene.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	43-46
1858029-9	1991	Pentoxifylline inhibited endotoxin-induced TNF production both in vivo and in vitro and exerted this control by inhibiting endotoxin-induced transcription of the TNF gene.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	162-165
1858029-10	1991	This study suggests that pentoxifylline may ameliorate endotoxic shock by decreasing macrophage TNF production.	Pentoxifylline	25-39	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	96-99
1858030-0	1991	Pentoxifylline inhibits interleukin-2-induced leukocyte-endothelial adherence and reduces systemic toxicity.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	24-37
1858030-3	1991	Because previous studies suggested a role for pentoxifylline in attenuating the toxic effects of IL-2, we hypothesized that pentoxifylline would inhibit alterations in the microvasculature induced by IL-2 and would ultimately reduce IL-2-induced toxicity.	Pentoxifylline	46-60	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	97-101
1858030-3	1991	Because previous studies suggested a role for pentoxifylline in attenuating the toxic effects of IL-2, we hypothesized that pentoxifylline would inhibit alterations in the microvasculature induced by IL-2 and would ultimately reduce IL-2-induced toxicity.	Pentoxifylline	124-138	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	97-101
1858030-3	1991	Because previous studies suggested a role for pentoxifylline in attenuating the toxic effects of IL-2, we hypothesized that pentoxifylline would inhibit alterations in the microvasculature induced by IL-2 and would ultimately reduce IL-2-induced toxicity.	Pentoxifylline	124-138	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	200-204
1858030-3	1991	Because previous studies suggested a role for pentoxifylline in attenuating the toxic effects of IL-2, we hypothesized that pentoxifylline would inhibit alterations in the microvasculature induced by IL-2 and would ultimately reduce IL-2-induced toxicity.	Pentoxifylline	124-138	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	200-204
1858030-7	1991	However, pentoxifylline inhibited many of the IL-2-induced systemic and microvascular effects, such as hypotension, tachypnea, increased lung water, hypoxia, and increased leukocyte-endothelial adherence, but not tachycardia or increased microvascular protein leakage.	Pentoxifylline	9-23	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	46-50
1858030-8	1991	These data support our hypothesis that systemic toxicities induced by IL-2 are associated with alterations in the microcirculation, which may be ameliorated by pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	160-174	interleukin 2	Rattus norvegicus	70-74
1656544-0	1991	Pentoxifylline prevents tumor necrosis factor-induced suppression of endothelial cell surface thrombomodulin.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	thrombomodulin	Homo sapiens	94-108
1746913-5	1991	With L-PAM in vitro, pentoxifylline was much less effective and only at a concentration of 250 microM L-PAM did 2 mM pentoxifylline increase cytotoxicity (approximately 0.3 logs).	Pentoxifylline	117-131	peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase	Homo sapiens	104-107
1709825-0	1991	Pentoxifylline and other methyl xanthines inhibit interleukin-2 receptor expression in human lymphocytes.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	50-72
1709825-1	1991	Addition of pentoxifylline to lymphocytes caused a dose-dependent decrease in PHA-induced interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) expression.	Pentoxifylline	12-26	interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	90-112
1709825-1	1991	Addition of pentoxifylline to lymphocytes caused a dose-dependent decrease in PHA-induced interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) expression.	Pentoxifylline	12-26	interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	114-119
1709825-3	1991	Pentoxifylline also inhibited release of IL-2R into the medium by 85%.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 2 receptor subunit alpha	Homo sapiens	41-46
1656544-5	1991	Upregulation of TM by PTX was due to de novo synthesis of TM protein resulting from increased TM mRNA levels.	Pentoxifylline	22-25	thrombomodulin	Homo sapiens	58-60
1656544-6	1991	PTX counterbalanced the TNF-induced suppression of TM expression.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	24-27
1656544-6	1991	PTX counterbalanced the TNF-induced suppression of TM expression.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	thrombomodulin	Homo sapiens	51-53
1656544-7	1991	These results suggest that protein kinase A may be involved in cellular regulatory mechanism for TM expression and PTX may protect partially against TNF-induced endothelial cell injury and restore anticoagulant state of endothelium.	Pentoxifylline	115-118	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	149-152
1656544-2	1991	We report, in the present study, up-regulation of surface TM antigen of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by pentoxifylline (PTX) which is one of the agents that can increase intracellular cyclic AMP in HUVECs at therapeutic concentrations.	Pentoxifylline	123-137	thrombomodulin	Homo sapiens	58-60
1656544-2	1991	We report, in the present study, up-regulation of surface TM antigen of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by pentoxifylline (PTX) which is one of the agents that can increase intracellular cyclic AMP in HUVECs at therapeutic concentrations.	Pentoxifylline	139-142	thrombomodulin	Homo sapiens	58-60
1656544-4	1991	PTX increased surface TM antigen and intracellular cAMP in HUVECs in a dose dependent manner.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	thrombomodulin	Homo sapiens	22-24
1656544-5	1991	Upregulation of TM by PTX was due to de novo synthesis of TM protein resulting from increased TM mRNA levels.	Pentoxifylline	22-25	thrombomodulin	Homo sapiens	16-18
1656544-5	1991	Upregulation of TM by PTX was due to de novo synthesis of TM protein resulting from increased TM mRNA levels.	Pentoxifylline	22-25	thrombomodulin	Homo sapiens	58-60
1707692-1	1991	Pentoxifylline (Trental), used routinely for the treatment of intermittent claudication, has been shown previously to decrease the levels of tumor necrosis factors-alpha (TNF-alpha) RNA in cancer patients and to lead to a general improvement of well being.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	171-180
1726532-6	1991	PTX and its analogues, HWA 138 and HWA 448, decreased pseudopod formation by similar amounts when stimulated with 10(-8)M fMLP.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	122-126
1707692-1	1991	Pentoxifylline (Trental), used routinely for the treatment of intermittent claudication, has been shown previously to decrease the levels of tumor necrosis factors-alpha (TNF-alpha) RNA in cancer patients and to lead to a general improvement of well being.	Pentoxifylline	16-23	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	171-180
1707692-6	1991	We conclude that patients with AIDS may benefit from pentoxifylline treatment because of its blockage of TNF-alpha-mediated HIV-1 upregulation, from increased efficacy of AZT, and also from improvement in TNF-alpha-induced cachexia.	Pentoxifylline	53-67	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	105-114
1707692-6	1991	We conclude that patients with AIDS may benefit from pentoxifylline treatment because of its blockage of TNF-alpha-mediated HIV-1 upregulation, from increased efficacy of AZT, and also from improvement in TNF-alpha-induced cachexia.	Pentoxifylline	53-67	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	205-214
2007851-6	1991	IL-8 levels peaked at 2 h in subjects given either endotoxin alone or endotoxin/pentoxifylline, falling towards baseline by 5 h. Subjects given endotoxin/ibuprofen had a more sustained rise in IL-8 with peak levels 2.8- and 2.5-fold higher at 3 h compared to endotoxin alone (p = 0.048) or endotoxin/pentoxifylline (p = 0.023), respectively.	Pentoxifylline	300-314	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	0-4
1861090-8	1991	The known favourable effect of Pentoxifylline on red cells and leucocyte function as well as its lowering effect on plasma fibrinogen level, may be responsible for the observed therapeutic effect of Pentoxifylline on venous leg ulcers.	Pentoxifylline	199-213	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	123-133
2007851-6	1991	IL-8 levels peaked at 2 h in subjects given either endotoxin alone or endotoxin/pentoxifylline, falling towards baseline by 5 h. Subjects given endotoxin/ibuprofen had a more sustained rise in IL-8 with peak levels 2.8- and 2.5-fold higher at 3 h compared to endotoxin alone (p = 0.048) or endotoxin/pentoxifylline (p = 0.023), respectively.	Pentoxifylline	300-314	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	193-197
2007851-3	1991	TNF immunoreactivity was maximum at 1.5 h, and total TNF (area under the curve) was 4.2- and 4.5-fold greater in subjects given endotoxin/ibuprofen compared to subjects given endotoxin alone (p = 0.026) or endotoxin/pentoxifylline (p = 0.004), respectively.	Pentoxifylline	216-230	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	0-3
1946813-3	1991	In this study, we compare the inhibitory effect of aspirin, dipyridamole and pentoxifylline on the platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen, arachidonic acid and thrombin between humans and guinea pigs.	Pentoxifylline	77-91	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	191-199
2007851-6	1991	IL-8 levels peaked at 2 h in subjects given either endotoxin alone or endotoxin/pentoxifylline, falling towards baseline by 5 h. Subjects given endotoxin/ibuprofen had a more sustained rise in IL-8 with peak levels 2.8- and 2.5-fold higher at 3 h compared to endotoxin alone (p = 0.048) or endotoxin/pentoxifylline (p = 0.023), respectively.	Pentoxifylline	80-94	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	0-4
1848573-7	1991	Interestingly, suppression by pentoxifylline is manifested partly (but not entirely) at the level of transcription, and depends upon the presence of both the TNF promoter and 3"-UTR.	Pentoxifylline	30-44	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	158-161
1848573-8	1991	The data suggest that other sequences within the TNF gene could also be required for the full effect of pentoxifylline, which may act to prevent processing of the primary transcript.	Pentoxifylline	104-118	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	49-52
2012347-9	1991	Treatment with a neutrophil function inhibitor, pentoxifylline, prevented the increase in lavage fluid neutrophil numbers, but accentuated the increase in total protein and albumin concentrations, and ALP, LD, myeloperoxidase, and elastase activities.	Pentoxifylline	48-62	myeloperoxidase	Bos taurus	210-225
1904012-8	1991	The combination of modulators pentoxifylline plus Fluosol-DA/carbogen was more effective than Fluosol-DA/carbogen alone only when the former was used with BCNU, whereas only minimal increases in tumor-cell killing activity were obtained with this modulator combination and CDDP, L-PAM, or CTX.	Pentoxifylline	30-44	V-set and immunoglobulin domain containing 2	Mus musculus	289-292
1809796-0	1991	Inhibitory effect of pentoxifylline and prostaglandin E1 on the release of neutrophil elastase from FMLP-stimulated neutrophils.	Pentoxifylline	21-35	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	75-94
1847694-2	1991	In the present study we show that theophylline, pentoxifylline and 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine markedly suppress the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced synthesis of TNF-alpha (also) in human mononuclear cells.	Pentoxifylline	48-62	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	163-172
1725679-4	1991	Hemorheologic agents which also inhibit platelet aggregation [e.g. pentoxifylline (Px) (Trental) (also found to release PgI2 and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)] inhibited human tumor implant-induced angiogenesis.	Pentoxifylline	67-81	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	129-163
1664849-7	1991	Relatively high doses of pentoxifylline slightly inhibited proliferation of Daudi cells and synergized with IFN alpha.	Pentoxifylline	25-39	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	108-117
1725679-4	1991	Hemorheologic agents which also inhibit platelet aggregation [e.g. pentoxifylline (Px) (Trental) (also found to release PgI2 and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)] inhibited human tumor implant-induced angiogenesis.	Pentoxifylline	83-85	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	129-163
1725679-4	1991	Hemorheologic agents which also inhibit platelet aggregation [e.g. pentoxifylline (Px) (Trental) (also found to release PgI2 and tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)] inhibited human tumor implant-induced angiogenesis.	Pentoxifylline	88-95	plasminogen activator, tissue type	Homo sapiens	129-163
1809796-0	1991	Inhibitory effect of pentoxifylline and prostaglandin E1 on the release of neutrophil elastase from FMLP-stimulated neutrophils.	Pentoxifylline	21-35	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	100-104
1809796-1	1991	We measured the enzymatic and immunologic activities of neutrophil elastase to determine whether pentoxifylline and prostaglandin E1 are useful for inhibiting the enzymatic activity of released neutrophil elastase.	Pentoxifylline	97-111	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	194-213
1809796-3	1991	These results showed that pentoxifylline and prostaglandin E1 inhibited the release of neutrophil elastase from activated neutrophils, and that they may be useful in the improvement of neutrophil-mediated cellular injury.	Pentoxifylline	26-40	elastase, neutrophil expressed	Homo sapiens	87-106
2173454-2	1990	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine, protects against TNF-induced and sepsis-induced acute lung injury in vivo.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Bos taurus	57-60
2173454-2	1990	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a methylxanthine, protects against TNF-induced and sepsis-induced acute lung injury in vivo.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	tumor necrosis factor	Bos taurus	57-60
2173454-9	1990	Furthermore, PTX, aminophylline (AMPH), caffeine, and forskolin attenuate TNF-induced EC cytotoxicity only in the presence of PMN (p less than 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	13-16	tumor necrosis factor	Bos taurus	74-77
2173454-11	1990	Agents that may increase cAMP levels in PMN (PTX, DBcAMP, forskolin, isobutyl methylxanthine, and terbutaline) significantly attenuate TNF-induced PMN chemiluminescence (p less than 0.05).	Pentoxifylline	45-48	tumor necrosis factor	Bos taurus	135-138
2173454-13	1990	Furthermore, PTX, AMPH, caffeine, and forskolin can attenuate TNF-induced EC injury in the presence of PMN, whereas DBcAMP attenuates TNF-induced EC injury with and without PMN.	Pentoxifylline	13-16	tumor necrosis factor	Bos taurus	62-65
2275224-1	1990	In 1985, investigators reported that four months of pentoxifylline therapy resulted in a significant decrease in proteinuria (46 percent reduction) and plasma fibrinogen concentrations (18 percent reduction) in patients with diabetes.	Pentoxifylline	52-66	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	159-169
2206972-0	1990	Pentoxifylline inhibits the proliferation of human fibroblasts derived from keloid, scleroderma and morphoea skin and their production of collagen, glycosaminoglycans and fibronectin.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	171-182
2133226-1	1990	Pentoxifylline has been reported to induce a decrease in plasma fibrinogen level in patients with arteritis.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	64-74
2133226-3	1990	In patients we have confirmed the decrease in plasma fibrinogen level during pentoxifylline therapy, and shown that the decrease is correlated with the improvement of the clinical symptoms, whereas no significant modification was noted in the healthy volunteers taking pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	77-91	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	53-63
2133226-4	1990	Therefore it is suggested that the decrease in fibrinogen induced in patients was due to an indirect mechanism, probably related to the pentoxifylline-induced decrease in TNF synthesis.	Pentoxifylline	136-150	fibrinogen beta chain	Homo sapiens	47-57
2133226-4	1990	Therefore it is suggested that the decrease in fibrinogen induced in patients was due to an indirect mechanism, probably related to the pentoxifylline-induced decrease in TNF synthesis.	Pentoxifylline	136-150	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	171-174
2250238-4	1990	Levels of LPS-induced TNF-alpha were reduced by 90% after pretreatment with the TNF-alpha-suppressing drug pentoxifylline (PXF).	Pentoxifylline	107-121	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	22-31
2250238-4	1990	Levels of LPS-induced TNF-alpha were reduced by 90% after pretreatment with the TNF-alpha-suppressing drug pentoxifylline (PXF).	Pentoxifylline	107-121	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	80-89
2250238-4	1990	Levels of LPS-induced TNF-alpha were reduced by 90% after pretreatment with the TNF-alpha-suppressing drug pentoxifylline (PXF).	Pentoxifylline	123-126	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	22-31
2250238-4	1990	Levels of LPS-induced TNF-alpha were reduced by 90% after pretreatment with the TNF-alpha-suppressing drug pentoxifylline (PXF).	Pentoxifylline	123-126	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	80-89
2206972-5	1990	Pentoxifylline similarly inhibited the fibronectin production by keloid and scleroderma fibroblasts, but had no effect on collagenase activity.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	fibronectin 1	Homo sapiens	39-50
2285024-3	1990	PTX (10(-3) M) did not affect the amount of F-actin (polymerized G-actin) incorporated into the cytoskeleton, but reduced total F-actin in a dose-dependent manner, at all concentrations of f-MLP used.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	cysteine and glycine rich protein 3	Homo sapiens	191-194
2167293-6	1990	When PMN obtained from six patients at the end of GM-CSF therapy were exposed to pentoxifylline in vitro, the chemotactic suppression typically observed was significantly improved.	Pentoxifylline	81-95	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	50-56
2167293-4	1990	By using control donor PMN, two membrane-fluidizing agents, pentoxifylline and butanol, were shown to normalize suppressed PMN chemotaxis caused by in vitro GM-CSF (1 nM) exposure.	Pentoxifylline	60-74	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	157-163
2167293-5	1990	Pentoxifylline, but not butanol, also reversed the effects of in vitro GM-CSF on PMN superoxide production.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	71-77
2364381-4	1990	Another inhibitor of the toxic effects of TNF, pentoxifylline, also had no effect on lipid metabolism in the rat.	Pentoxifylline	47-61	tumor necrosis factor-like	Rattus norvegicus	42-45
2183625-7	1990	Pentoxifylline, an agent that has previously been studied for its ability to prevent some effects of rhTNF alpha on PMNs, completely prevented the effect of rhTNF alpha on chemotaxis, the expression of the CD11b antigen, and membrane fluidity.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	integrin subunit alpha M	Homo sapiens	206-211
2358784-0	1990	Dexamethasone and pentoxifylline inhibit endotoxin-induced cachectin/tumor necrosis factor synthesis at separate points in the signaling pathway.	Pentoxifylline	18-32	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	59-90
2358784-5	1990	In RAW 264.7 macrophages, pentoxifylline blocks cachectin/TNF mRNA accumulation but has no effect upon the efficiency of reporter mRNA translation.	Pentoxifylline	26-40	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	48-57
2358784-5	1990	In RAW 264.7 macrophages, pentoxifylline blocks cachectin/TNF mRNA accumulation but has no effect upon the efficiency of reporter mRNA translation.	Pentoxifylline	26-40	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	58-61
2171715-1	1990	The effect of the structurally similar xanthine derivatives, propentofylline, pentoxifylline and theophylline, on long-term potentiation (LTP) recorded in CA3 of hippocampal slices of guinea pigs was investigated.	Pentoxifylline	78-92	carbonic anhydrase 3	Cavia porcellus	155-158
2104230-1	1990	The purpose of these studies was to test whether pentoxifylline, a drug that can inhibit the production and action of cytokines hypothesized to be endogenous pyrogens (for example, interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]), is antipyretic.	Pentoxifylline	49-63	tumor necrosis factor-like	Rattus norvegicus	199-220
2104230-1	1990	The purpose of these studies was to test whether pentoxifylline, a drug that can inhibit the production and action of cytokines hypothesized to be endogenous pyrogens (for example, interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor [TNF]), is antipyretic.	Pentoxifylline	49-63	tumor necrosis factor-like	Rattus norvegicus	222-225
2104230-4	1990	Injection of the high dose of pentoxifylline in control rats caused a rise in plasma IL 6 but not in plasma TNF.	Pentoxifylline	30-44	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	85-89
2104230-5	1990	However, the peak levels of plasma IL 6 and TNF activities following an injection of LPS were significantly reduced by pretreatment with pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	137-151	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	35-39
2104230-5	1990	However, the peak levels of plasma IL 6 and TNF activities following an injection of LPS were significantly reduced by pretreatment with pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	137-151	tumor necrosis factor-like	Rattus norvegicus	44-47
2358784-7	1990	Combined application of dexamethasone and pentoxifylline to macrophages causes a greater suppression of cachectin/TNF biosynthesis that can be achieved by either agent alone.	Pentoxifylline	42-56	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	104-113
2358784-7	1990	Combined application of dexamethasone and pentoxifylline to macrophages causes a greater suppression of cachectin/TNF biosynthesis that can be achieved by either agent alone.	Pentoxifylline	42-56	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	114-117
2360822-7	1990	Additionally, pentoxifylline attenuated meningeal inflammatory changes induced by intracisternal inoculation of 10 ng of rabbit recombinant IL-1 beta compared with results in either dexamethasone- or saline-treated animals.	Pentoxifylline	14-28	interleukin-1 beta	Oryctolagus cuniculus	140-149
2360822-8	1990	We conclude that pentoxifylline is effective in this animal model in modulating the meningeal inflammatory response following intracisternal inoculation of H. influenzae type b endotoxin or organisms or rabbit recombinant IL-1beta.	Pentoxifylline	17-31	interleukin-1 beta	Oryctolagus cuniculus	222-230
2261510-7	1990	PTX decreased actin polymerization in response to stimulation by f-MLP.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	cysteine and glycine rich protein 3	Homo sapiens	67-70
1968555-0	1990	Differential effect of oxpentifylline on tumour necrosis factor and interleukin-6 production.	Pentoxifylline	23-37	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	68-81
2155276-0	1990	Stimulus-specific effects of pentoxifylline on neutrophil CR3 expression, degranulation, and superoxide production.	Pentoxifylline	29-43	teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1 pseudogene 3	Homo sapiens	58-61
2155276-4	1990	Pentoxifylline inhibited both CR3 up-modulation and degranulation of myeloperoxidase and lysozyme.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1 pseudogene 3	Homo sapiens	30-33
2155276-4	1990	Pentoxifylline inhibited both CR3 up-modulation and degranulation of myeloperoxidase and lysozyme.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	69-84
2155276-5	1990	Pentoxifylline is a more potent inhibitor of fMLP- compared to PMA-induced degranulation, and is especially potent against superoxide production.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	45-49
2155276-6	1990	While pentoxifylline is less potent than adenosine in its inhibition of fMLP-induced superoxide production, it is more potent in its inhibition of PMA- and beta-glucan particle-stimulated superoxide production.	Pentoxifylline	6-20	formyl peptide receptor 1	Homo sapiens	72-76
2261511-2	1990	Pentoxifylline has been shown to prevent PMN activation by endotoxin and cytokines such as TNF alpha and IL-1.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	91-100
2261511-2	1990	Pentoxifylline has been shown to prevent PMN activation by endotoxin and cytokines such as TNF alpha and IL-1.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	interleukin 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	105-109
2261511-3	1990	In addition, MOF induced by IL-2 in animals can be prevented by pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	64-78	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	28-32
2261511-5	1990	The first was the time sequence for pentoxifylline prevention of TNF alpha activation and the second was the activity of pentoxifylline on amphotericin B activation of PMNs.	Pentoxifylline	36-50	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	65-74
2261511-6	1990	TNF alpha activation of PMNs is blocked by pentoxifylline when cells are exposed to pentoxifylline prior to TNF alpha or after TNF alpha.	Pentoxifylline	43-57	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	0-9
2261511-6	1990	TNF alpha activation of PMNs is blocked by pentoxifylline when cells are exposed to pentoxifylline prior to TNF alpha or after TNF alpha.	Pentoxifylline	43-57	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	108-117
2261511-6	1990	TNF alpha activation of PMNs is blocked by pentoxifylline when cells are exposed to pentoxifylline prior to TNF alpha or after TNF alpha.	Pentoxifylline	43-57	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	108-117
2261511-6	1990	TNF alpha activation of PMNs is blocked by pentoxifylline when cells are exposed to pentoxifylline prior to TNF alpha or after TNF alpha.	Pentoxifylline	84-98	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	0-9
33772456-3	2021	Pentoxiphylline (PTX), an anti-TNF-alpha agent, has been reported to reduce hepatic inflammation and fibrosis.	Pentoxifylline	0-15	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	31-40
2233123-0	1990	Pentoxifylline inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced serum tumor necrosis factor and mortality.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	57-78
33792832-11	2021	The mean +- SD levels of serum MDA and TNF-alpha at day 7 were significantly lower in the PTX compared to those in the placebo group (P value < 0.001 for both indexes).	Pentoxifylline	90-93	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	39-48
2233123-2	1990	In the present investigation, pretreatment of animals with pentoxifylline inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced serum tumor necrosis factor in a dose-dependent fashion.	Pentoxifylline	59-73	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	117-138
2233123-5	1990	These data indicate that pentoxifylline inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor and may be an effective agent in mitigating the lethal consequences of sepsis and other disease processes mediated by this cytokine.	Pentoxifylline	25-39	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	76-97
33816630-6	2021	We investigated the anti-inflammatory effect caused by PTX with time and dose response against the LPS-induced inflammatory factors (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta).	Pentoxifylline	55-58	tumor necrosis factor	Mus musculus	133-142
33816630-6	2021	We investigated the anti-inflammatory effect caused by PTX with time and dose response against the LPS-induced inflammatory factors (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta).	Pentoxifylline	55-58	interleukin 1 alpha	Mus musculus	144-152
34647189-3	2021	In addition, non-alcoholic steatosis and steatohepatitis, which are closely associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, have been shown to improve with pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	164-178	insulin	Homo sapiens	92-99
9227316-0	1997	Effect of lisofylline and pentoxifylline on the bacterial-stimulated production of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta IL-10 by human leucocytes.	Pentoxifylline	26-40	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	83-92
9227316-0	1997	Effect of lisofylline and pentoxifylline on the bacterial-stimulated production of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta IL-10 by human leucocytes.	Pentoxifylline	26-40	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	94-109
9227316-4	1997	However, incubation of leucocytes with S. pneumoniae in the presence of LSF or PTX stimulated the production of IL-10 about four- and twofold at 24 hr and 48 hr, respectively.	Pentoxifylline	79-82	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	112-117
34785349-5	2022	Recent studies have reported the clinical benefits of pentoxifylline, a non-selective PDE inhibitor, in patients with kidney disease.	Pentoxifylline	54-68	aldehyde dehydrogenase 7 family member A1	Homo sapiens	86-89
34647189-4	2021	Surprisingly, pentoxifylline modestly improves insulin resistance through improvements in capillary blood flow as well as beta cell function and decreased hepatic glucose production.	Pentoxifylline	14-28	insulin	Homo sapiens	47-54
34919247-9	2021	Compared to the UDCA and PTX groups, liver aminotransferases, serum cytokine and chemokine showed a more statistically significant reduction after Vit.	Pentoxifylline	25-28	vitrin	Homo sapiens	147-150
34666302-11	2021	Although the mean serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and glutathione changed significantly after 5 days in the PTX group (P = 0.03 and p = 0.04), ICU admission, intubation, and hospital stay did not differ between the two groups.	Pentoxifylline	113-116	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	34-47
34666302-11	2021	Although the mean serum levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and glutathione changed significantly after 5 days in the PTX group (P = 0.03 and p = 0.04), ICU admission, intubation, and hospital stay did not differ between the two groups.	Pentoxifylline	113-116	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	49-53
34666302-13	2021	Although PTX had a beneficial effect on IL-6 and showed an acceptable safety profile, it did not offer any clinical benefit for COVID-19 complications.	Pentoxifylline	9-12	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	40-44
34576225-5	2021	After addition of L-PRP into neutrophils, culture activity of these cells significantly increased (p < 0.01), whereas treatment with AMP extract, PURE PRP, PPP or PTX caused decrease in neutrophil enzymatic response (on the basis of elastase, myeloperoxidase and alkaline phosphatase release) and free radical generation.	Pentoxifylline	163-166	myeloperoxidase	Ovis aries	243-258
34830588-2	2021	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a xanthine-derived drug registered for the treatment of vascular claudication, has been reported to display broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties via adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR)-related mechanisms, in parallel to its rheological actions.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	199-221
34830588-2	2021	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a xanthine-derived drug registered for the treatment of vascular claudication, has been reported to display broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties via adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR)-related mechanisms, in parallel to its rheological actions.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	223-227
34830588-2	2021	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a xanthine-derived drug registered for the treatment of vascular claudication, has been reported to display broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties via adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR)-related mechanisms, in parallel to its rheological actions.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	199-221
34830588-2	2021	Pentoxifylline (PTX), a xanthine-derived drug registered for the treatment of vascular claudication, has been reported to display broad-spectrum anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties via adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR)-related mechanisms, in parallel to its rheological actions.	Pentoxifylline	16-19	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	223-227
34284444-3	2021	Because the preservation of sensorineural structures of the inner ear is fundamental for normal hearing and hearing restoration with auditory prostheses, pentoxifylline and neurotrophic factors such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) are promising candidates to treat degenerative disorders of the inner ear.	Pentoxifylline	154-168	brain-derived neurotrophic factor	Rattus norvegicus	237-241
35602098-6	2022	Pentoxifylline inhibits TNF-alpha expression and endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated inflammatory nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	24-33
34500586-7	2021	Combination treatments with pentoxifylline and encapsulated astaxanthin might reduce the risk of RIF in cancer patients.	Pentoxifylline	28-42	ras homolog family member F, filopodia associated	Homo sapiens	97-100
34327862-9	2021	PTX, ROF, and THEO administration led to the partial restoration of HDAC-2 activity, which was favorably associated with the reduction of ROS expression.	Pentoxifylline	0-3	histone deacetylase 2	Mus musculus	68-74
34257818-0	2021	Pentoxifylline Enhances Antioxidative Capability and Promotes Mitochondrial Biogenesis in D-Galactose-Induced Aging Mice by Increasing Nrf2 and PGC-1alpha through the cAMP-CREB Pathway.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	135-139
34257818-0	2021	Pentoxifylline Enhances Antioxidative Capability and Promotes Mitochondrial Biogenesis in D-Galactose-Induced Aging Mice by Increasing Nrf2 and PGC-1alpha through the cAMP-CREB Pathway.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	144-154
34257818-0	2021	Pentoxifylline Enhances Antioxidative Capability and Promotes Mitochondrial Biogenesis in D-Galactose-Induced Aging Mice by Increasing Nrf2 and PGC-1alpha through the cAMP-CREB Pathway.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Mus musculus	172-176
34257818-3	2021	We treated D-galactose- (D-gal-) induced aging mice with PTX and measured the changes in behavior, degree of oxidative damage, and mitochondrial ultrastructure and content as well as the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2- (Nrf2-) mediated antioxidant genes and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha- (PGC-1alpha-) dependent mitochondrial biogenesis genes.	Pentoxifylline	57-60	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	201-244
34257818-3	2021	We treated D-galactose- (D-gal-) induced aging mice with PTX and measured the changes in behavior, degree of oxidative damage, and mitochondrial ultrastructure and content as well as the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2- (Nrf2-) mediated antioxidant genes and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha- (PGC-1alpha-) dependent mitochondrial biogenesis genes.	Pentoxifylline	57-60	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	247-251
34257818-3	2021	We treated D-galactose- (D-gal-) induced aging mice with PTX and measured the changes in behavior, degree of oxidative damage, and mitochondrial ultrastructure and content as well as the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2- (Nrf2-) mediated antioxidant genes and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha- (PGC-1alpha-) dependent mitochondrial biogenesis genes.	Pentoxifylline	57-60	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	285-353
34257818-3	2021	We treated D-galactose- (D-gal-) induced aging mice with PTX and measured the changes in behavior, degree of oxidative damage, and mitochondrial ultrastructure and content as well as the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2- (Nrf2-) mediated antioxidant genes and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha- (PGC-1alpha-) dependent mitochondrial biogenesis genes.	Pentoxifylline	57-60	peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha	Mus musculus	356-368
34257818-4	2021	The results demonstrated that PTX improved cognitive deficits, reduced oxidative damage, ameliorated abnormal mitochondrial ultrastructure, increased mitochondrial content and Nrf2 activation, and upregulated antioxidant and mitochondrial biogenesis gene expression in the hippocampus of wild-type aging mice.	Pentoxifylline	30-33	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	176-180
34257818-5	2021	However, the above antiaging effects of PTX were obviously decreased in the brains of Nrf2-deficient D-gal-induced aging mice.	Pentoxifylline	40-43	nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2	Mus musculus	86-90
34257818-7	2021	Thus, PTX administration improved the aging-related decline in brain function by enhancing antioxidative capability and promoting mitochondrial biogenesis, which might depend on increasing Nrf2 and PGC-1alpha by activating the cAMP-CREB pathway.	Pentoxifylline	6-9	NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2	Homo sapiens	189-193
34257818-7	2021	Thus, PTX administration improved the aging-related decline in brain function by enhancing antioxidative capability and promoting mitochondrial biogenesis, which might depend on increasing Nrf2 and PGC-1alpha by activating the cAMP-CREB pathway.	Pentoxifylline	6-9	PPARG coactivator 1 alpha	Homo sapiens	198-208
34257818-7	2021	Thus, PTX administration improved the aging-related decline in brain function by enhancing antioxidative capability and promoting mitochondrial biogenesis, which might depend on increasing Nrf2 and PGC-1alpha by activating the cAMP-CREB pathway.	Pentoxifylline	6-9	cAMP responsive element binding protein 1	Homo sapiens	232-236
35435001-5	2022	Examination of plasma samples demonstrated that PNx induced significant increases in systemic oxidant stress as assessed by protein carbonylation, plasma erythropoietin (EPO) concentration, and BUN.	Pentoxifylline	48-51	erythropoietin	Mus musculus	154-168
35435001-5	2022	Examination of plasma samples demonstrated that PNx induced significant increases in systemic oxidant stress as assessed by protein carbonylation, plasma erythropoietin (EPO) concentration, and BUN.	Pentoxifylline	48-51	erythropoietin	Mus musculus	170-173
34092520-9	2021	Cumulative CPR (53%, 41.7%, 13.6% for groups A, B1 and B2, respectively, P = 0.005) and LBR (42.4%, 30%, 13.6% for groups A, B1 and B2, respectively P = 0.03) per oocyte retrieval was significantly higher when using motile spermatozoa compared with motile or immotile spermatozoa after adding pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	293-307	membrane spanning 4-domains A1	Homo sapiens	48-57
34092520-9	2021	Cumulative CPR (53%, 41.7%, 13.6% for groups A, B1 and B2, respectively, P = 0.005) and LBR (42.4%, 30%, 13.6% for groups A, B1 and B2, respectively P = 0.03) per oocyte retrieval was significantly higher when using motile spermatozoa compared with motile or immotile spermatozoa after adding pentoxifylline.	Pentoxifylline	293-307	membrane spanning 4-domains A1	Homo sapiens	125-134
34664691-10	2021	RESULTS: In honokiol and pentoxifylline groups compared with the negative control group, tumor necrosis factor-beta and interleukin-10 levels (indicating inflammation); myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde, and hydroxyproline levels (indicating oxidative stress); and intercellular adhesion molecule levels (indicating fibrosis) were decreased.	Pentoxifylline	25-39	lymphotoxin alpha	Rattus norvegicus	89-115
34664691-10	2021	RESULTS: In honokiol and pentoxifylline groups compared with the negative control group, tumor necrosis factor-beta and interleukin-10 levels (indicating inflammation); myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde, and hydroxyproline levels (indicating oxidative stress); and intercellular adhesion molecule levels (indicating fibrosis) were decreased.	Pentoxifylline	25-39	interleukin 10	Rattus norvegicus	120-134
34664691-10	2021	RESULTS: In honokiol and pentoxifylline groups compared with the negative control group, tumor necrosis factor-beta and interleukin-10 levels (indicating inflammation); myeloperoxidase, malondialdehyde, and hydroxyproline levels (indicating oxidative stress); and intercellular adhesion molecule levels (indicating fibrosis) were decreased.	Pentoxifylline	25-39	myeloperoxidase	Rattus norvegicus	169-184
35602098-6	2022	Pentoxifylline inhibits TNF-alpha expression and endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated inflammatory nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	100-122
35602098-6	2022	Pentoxifylline inhibits TNF-alpha expression and endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated inflammatory nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	124-133
35566061-5	2022	For anti-oxidation, peptides can interrupt the oxidative reactions catalyzed by tyrosinase or activate an enzyme system, including SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px to scavenge free radicals that stimulate tyrosinase.	Pentoxifylline	149-151	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	80-90
35380410-1	2022	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) in combination with losartan compared to the high dose of losartan alone on serum markers of diabetic nephropathy such as HSP70, copeptin, CRP, and TNFalpha in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy.	Pentoxifylline	57-60	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	191-199
35380410-1	2022	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) in combination with losartan compared to the high dose of losartan alone on serum markers of diabetic nephropathy such as HSP70, copeptin, CRP, and TNFalpha in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy.	Pentoxifylline	41-55	arginine vasopressin	Homo sapiens	191-199
35380410-1	2022	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) in combination with losartan compared to the high dose of losartan alone on serum markers of diabetic nephropathy such as HSP70, copeptin, CRP, and TNFalpha in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy.	Pentoxifylline	41-55	C-reactive protein	Homo sapiens	201-204
35380410-1	2022	OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) in combination with losartan compared to the high dose of losartan alone on serum markers of diabetic nephropathy such as HSP70, copeptin, CRP, and TNFalpha in patients with type 2 diabetes and nephropathy.	Pentoxifylline	57-60	heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4	Homo sapiens	184-189
35566061-5	2022	For anti-oxidation, peptides can interrupt the oxidative reactions catalyzed by tyrosinase or activate an enzyme system, including SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px to scavenge free radicals that stimulate tyrosinase.	Pentoxifylline	149-151	tyrosinase	Homo sapiens	193-203
35490270-4	2022	Pentoxifylline (PTXF) is a xanthine derivative that can modulate the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) signaling and probably affect the Treg proportion in TILs.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	69-91
35490270-4	2022	Pentoxifylline (PTXF) is a xanthine derivative that can modulate the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) signaling and probably affect the Treg proportion in TILs.	Pentoxifylline	0-14	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	93-102
35490270-4	2022	Pentoxifylline (PTXF) is a xanthine derivative that can modulate the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) signaling and probably affect the Treg proportion in TILs.	Pentoxifylline	16-20	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	69-91
35490270-4	2022	Pentoxifylline (PTXF) is a xanthine derivative that can modulate the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) signaling and probably affect the Treg proportion in TILs.	Pentoxifylline	16-20	nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105	Mus musculus	93-102
35490270-12	2022	Our data suggest that ex vivo treatment of TILs with pentoxifylline could decrease the proportion of Tregs in the conventional IL-2-mediated TIL expansion and change the cytokine balance of TILs in favor of antitumor immune response.	Pentoxifylline	53-67	interleukin 2	Mus musculus	127-131