PMID-sentid Pub_year Sent_text compound_name comp_offset prot_official_name organism prot_offset 23838628-4 2013 Two compounds showed selective inhibition against elastase release and superoxide anion generation, respectively, by human neutrophils with IC50 values of 5.66 and 3.59 muM, while two others inhibited both inflammatory mediators with IC50 values of 0.66-3.49 muM. Superoxides 71-87 latexin Homo sapiens 169-172 24138787-14 2013 Blockade of TNF-alpha with infliximab, but not inhibition of inducible NOS or cyclooxygenase, improved endothelial relaxation and decreased superoxide formation. Superoxides 140-150 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 12-21 24175971-2 2013 Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD, SOD1) is a conserved enzyme for scavenging superoxide radical in cells. Superoxides 6-16 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 28-37 24175971-2 2013 Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD, SOD1) is a conserved enzyme for scavenging superoxide radical in cells. Superoxides 6-16 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 39-43 24400151-9 2013 Vascular expression of IL-6 (a proinflammatory mediator of vascular disease) and components of NADPH oxidase (a major source of superoxide) was increased in old IL-10-deficient mice compared with wild-type (P < 0.05). Superoxides 128-138 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 161-166 24400151-10 2013 These findings provide the first evidence that age-related and superoxide-mediated endothelial dysfunction occurs earlier with IL-10 deficiency. Superoxides 63-73 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 127-132 24251118-4 2013 We previously reported that Immp2l mutation in mice causes excessive mitochondrial superoxide generation, which causes infertility and early signs of aging. Superoxides 83-93 IMP2 inner mitochondrial membrane peptidase-like (S. cerevisiae) Mus musculus 28-34 24132636-4 2013 TNNI3K-mediated injury occurs through increased mitochondrial superoxide production and impaired mitochondrial function and is largely dependent on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. Superoxides 62-72 TNNI3 interacting kinase Homo sapiens 0-6 24132636-5 2013 We developed a series of small-molecule TNNI3K inhibitors that reduce mitochondrial-derived superoxide generation, p38 activation, and infarct size when delivered at reperfusion to mimic clinical intervention. Superoxides 92-102 TNNI3 interacting kinase Homo sapiens 40-46 24047198-0 2013 Selective and sensitive detection of intracellular O2( -) using Au NPs/cytochrome c as SERS nanosensors. Superoxides 51-53 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 71-83 24047198-1 2013 A novel surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanosensor was developed by modifying oxidized cytochrome c (Cyt c) on gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) for the sensitive and selective determination of intracellular superoxide anion radical (O2( -)). Superoxides 211-235 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 96-108 24047198-1 2013 A novel surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanosensor was developed by modifying oxidized cytochrome c (Cyt c) on gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) for the sensitive and selective determination of intracellular superoxide anion radical (O2( -)). Superoxides 211-235 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 110-115 24047198-1 2013 A novel surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanosensor was developed by modifying oxidized cytochrome c (Cyt c) on gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) for the sensitive and selective determination of intracellular superoxide anion radical (O2( -)). Superoxides 237-239 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 96-108 24047198-1 2013 A novel surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanosensor was developed by modifying oxidized cytochrome c (Cyt c) on gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) for the sensitive and selective determination of intracellular superoxide anion radical (O2( -)). Superoxides 237-239 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 110-115 24047198-2 2013 On the basis of the differences in the SERS spectra between the oxidized and reduced form of Cyt c, this nanosensor could be employed to investigate O2( -) concentration by measuring the SERS spectra of the reduced Cyt c. Superoxides 149-151 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 93-98 24047198-2 2013 On the basis of the differences in the SERS spectra between the oxidized and reduced form of Cyt c, this nanosensor could be employed to investigate O2( -) concentration by measuring the SERS spectra of the reduced Cyt c. Superoxides 149-151 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 215-220 24146950-6 2013 These results affirmed that Ab/SOD-quenched superoxide anion produced by endothelial cells in response to proinflammatory agents mediates NFkappaB activation. Superoxides 44-60 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 138-146 23965989-2 2013 Bioavailability of BH4 is a critical factor in regulating the balance between NO and superoxide production by endothelial NOS (eNOS coupling). Superoxides 85-95 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 127-131 23965989-7 2013 eNOS-derived superoxide production was significantly elevated in W447A and W447F versus wild-type eNOS, and this was sufficient to oxidize BH4 to 7,8-dihydrobiopterin. Superoxides 13-23 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 0-4 23965989-7 2013 eNOS-derived superoxide production was significantly elevated in W447A and W447F versus wild-type eNOS, and this was sufficient to oxidize BH4 to 7,8-dihydrobiopterin. Superoxides 13-23 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 98-102 23965989-11 2013 These data reveal a key role for Trp-447 in determining NO versus superoxide production by eNOS, by effects on BH4-dependent catalysis, and by modulating eNOS dimer formation. Superoxides 66-76 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 91-95 23871616-5 2013 RESULTS: Treatment with CRP resulted in significant increase in superoxide anion, nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappab) activity and the release of biomarkers of inflammation from macrophages compared to Wistar rats treated with human albumin (HuSA). Superoxides 64-80 C-reactive protein Rattus norvegicus 24-27 23968725-7 2013 It was found that superoxide (O2(-)) generation was involved in arsenite-induced the activation of MAPK and PI3K pathways, which led to the HIF-1alpha, COX-2 and VEGF overexpressions. Superoxides 18-28 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 99-103 23871616-6 2013 Pre-treatment with the inhibitor, CRP-i2, resulted in a significant reduction in CRP induced superoxide anion, NFkappab activity and biomarkers of inflammation. Superoxides 93-109 C-reactive protein Rattus norvegicus 34-37 23871616-6 2013 Pre-treatment with the inhibitor, CRP-i2, resulted in a significant reduction in CRP induced superoxide anion, NFkappab activity and biomarkers of inflammation. Superoxides 93-109 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 81-84 23968725-7 2013 It was found that superoxide (O2(-)) generation was involved in arsenite-induced the activation of MAPK and PI3K pathways, which led to the HIF-1alpha, COX-2 and VEGF overexpressions. Superoxides 18-28 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 140-150 23968725-7 2013 It was found that superoxide (O2(-)) generation was involved in arsenite-induced the activation of MAPK and PI3K pathways, which led to the HIF-1alpha, COX-2 and VEGF overexpressions. Superoxides 18-28 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 152-157 23968725-7 2013 It was found that superoxide (O2(-)) generation was involved in arsenite-induced the activation of MAPK and PI3K pathways, which led to the HIF-1alpha, COX-2 and VEGF overexpressions. Superoxides 18-28 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 162-166 23968725-7 2013 It was found that superoxide (O2(-)) generation was involved in arsenite-induced the activation of MAPK and PI3K pathways, which led to the HIF-1alpha, COX-2 and VEGF overexpressions. Superoxides 30-32 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 99-103 23968725-7 2013 It was found that superoxide (O2(-)) generation was involved in arsenite-induced the activation of MAPK and PI3K pathways, which led to the HIF-1alpha, COX-2 and VEGF overexpressions. Superoxides 30-32 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 140-150 23968725-7 2013 It was found that superoxide (O2(-)) generation was involved in arsenite-induced the activation of MAPK and PI3K pathways, which led to the HIF-1alpha, COX-2 and VEGF overexpressions. Superoxides 30-32 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 152-157 23968725-7 2013 It was found that superoxide (O2(-)) generation was involved in arsenite-induced the activation of MAPK and PI3K pathways, which led to the HIF-1alpha, COX-2 and VEGF overexpressions. Superoxides 30-32 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 162-166 24093947-8 2013 Increased superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) activity suggests an increase in O2 dismutation and this was further supported by elevated levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and decline in catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) antioxidant protection in skeletal muscle at this time. Superoxides 73-75 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 10-32 24093947-8 2013 Increased superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) activity suggests an increase in O2 dismutation and this was further supported by elevated levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and decline in catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) antioxidant protection in skeletal muscle at this time. Superoxides 73-75 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 34-38 22443458-2 2013 The molecular mechanisms of AngII pathophysiological activity involve the stimulation of NADPH oxidases, which produce superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 119-129 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 28-33 23561917-9 2013 In human endothelial cells VEGF inhibition induced a dose-dependent increase in mitochondrial superoxide generation with an uncoupling of eNOS, resulting in reduced NO availability and decreased proliferation. Superoxides 94-104 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 27-31 23420569-6 2013 In vitro and in vivo macrophages treated with PRL presented an enhanced superoxide anion production, elevated phagocytic index and increased phagocytic activity. Superoxides 72-88 prolactin Salmo salar 46-49 23802566-1 2013 Superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1) is a major superoxide-scavenging enzyme in the eukaryotic cell, and is localized in the cytosol and intermembrane space of mitochondria. Superoxides 41-51 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-22 23802566-1 2013 Superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1) is a major superoxide-scavenging enzyme in the eukaryotic cell, and is localized in the cytosol and intermembrane space of mitochondria. Superoxides 41-51 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 24-28 23957209-1 2013 UNLABELLED: Superoxide production by Nox1, a member of the Nox family NAPDH oxidases, requires expression of its regulatory soluble proteins Noxo1 (Nox organizer 1) and Noxa1 (Nox activator 1) and is markedly enhanced upon cell stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a potent activator of protein kinase C (PKC). Superoxides 12-22 NADPH oxidase activator 1 Homo sapiens 169-174 23957209-1 2013 UNLABELLED: Superoxide production by Nox1, a member of the Nox family NAPDH oxidases, requires expression of its regulatory soluble proteins Noxo1 (Nox organizer 1) and Noxa1 (Nox activator 1) and is markedly enhanced upon cell stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a potent activator of protein kinase C (PKC). Superoxides 12-22 NADPH oxidase activator 1 Homo sapiens 176-191 23868084-4 2013 RESULTS: Zofenoprilat counteracts the superoxide anion production and cell apoptosis induced by angiotensin I treatment by blocking the extrinsic caspase cascade, NF-kB and p38 activation. Superoxides 38-54 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 96-109 23801050-9 2013 However, abolishment of iNOS induction with 1400W or iNOS RNAi would restore peroxynitrite, TGF-beta, and fibronectin productions completely to basal level and attenuate superoxide production. Superoxides 170-180 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 24-28 23801050-9 2013 However, abolishment of iNOS induction with 1400W or iNOS RNAi would restore peroxynitrite, TGF-beta, and fibronectin productions completely to basal level and attenuate superoxide production. Superoxides 170-180 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 53-57 23883585-4 2013 To define cellular factors that influence the efficacy of beta-lapachone using knowledge of its mechanism of action, we confirmed that NQO1 was required for lethality and mediated a futile redox cycle where ~120 moles of superoxide were formed per mole of beta-lapachone in 2 minutes. Superoxides 221-231 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 135-139 23918204-7 2013 One of the sources of ROS in IL-1beta-activated astrocytes was from increased superoxide production in mitochondria accompanied by enhanced manganese superoxide dismutase and inhibited catalase expression. Superoxides 78-88 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 29-37 23932941-6 2013 We also showed that rt-lep causes a decrease in superoxide anion production in trout blood leucocytes. Superoxides 48-64 leptin Oncorhynchus mykiss 23-26 23856291-6 2013 In RvD1-treated macrophages, efferocytosis-induced phosphorylation of p47(phox) and association between p47(phox) and gp91(phox) were downregulated, resulting in abrogation of generation of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 190-206 NSFL1 (p97) cofactor (p47) Mus musculus 70-79 23819990-7 2013 In the absence of UCP2, endothelial growth stimulation provoked mitochondrial network fragmentation and premature senescence via a mechanism involving superoxide-mediated p53 activation. Superoxides 151-161 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 171-174 23919400-1 2013 The metalloenzyme Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) catalyzes the reduction of superoxide anions into molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 79-96 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 18-44 23919400-1 2013 The metalloenzyme Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) catalyzes the reduction of superoxide anions into molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 79-96 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 46-50 23927036-2 2013 To remove ROS, cells have developed ROS-specific defense mechanisms, including the enzyme Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), which catalyzes the disproportionation of superoxide anions into molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 167-184 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 118-122 22989604-9 2013 Reduced superoxide levels and DCF in the exer+NAC group were associated with decreased Akt, AMPK and eNOS phosphorylation. Superoxides 8-18 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 87-90 22989604-9 2013 Reduced superoxide levels and DCF in the exer+NAC group were associated with decreased Akt, AMPK and eNOS phosphorylation. Superoxides 8-18 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 92-96 24007566-8 2013 The only pathways significant after multiple comparison corrections (FDR <0.05) were the Nrf2-mediated reactive oxygen species (ROS) oxidative response (superoxide dismutase 2, catalase, peroxiredoxin 1, PIK3C3, DNAJC17, microsomal glutathione S-transferase 3) and superoxide radical degradation (SOD2, CAT). Superoxides 268-286 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 92-96 23953206-4 2013 The common spectrophotometric probes for O2( -) are nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) and cytochrome c. Superoxides 41-43 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 84-96 23953206-9 2013 In this study, the O2( -) scavenging activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), L-ascorbic acid, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), albumin from human serum, flavonoids and herbal extracts were assessed by using this method. Superoxides 19-21 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 51-71 23953206-9 2013 In this study, the O2( -) scavenging activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), L-ascorbic acid, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), albumin from human serum, flavonoids and herbal extracts were assessed by using this method. Superoxides 19-21 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 73-76 23958265-7 2013 Basal generation of superoxide was increased 1.55 fold (P = 0.01) in endothelial cells from ApoE(-/-)/ESMIRO mice and was inhibited by the NADPH oxidase inhibitor gp91ds-tat (-12 +- 0.04%, P = 0.04), the NO synthase inhibitor L-NMMA (-8 +- 0.02%, P = 0.001) and the mitochondrial specific inhibitor rotenone (-23 +- 0.04%, P = 0.006). Superoxides 20-30 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 92-96 23707391-8 2013 Transfection of dominant negative (DN) RhoA (N19) cDNA plasmid, small hairpin (sh)-RhoA forming plasmid, and Y27632, an inhibitor of Rho-kinase, abrogated the superoxide formation in BV2 cells stimulated by fAbeta. Superoxides 159-169 Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 Mus musculus 133-143 23707391-12 2013 These results suggest that RhoA closely engages in the regulation of superoxide production induced by fAbeta through phosphorylation of p47(PHOX) in microglial BV2 cells. Superoxides 69-79 NSFL1 (p97) cofactor (p47) Mus musculus 136-139 23966169-4 2013 Of note, unstressed HCT116 p53(+/+) cells simultaneously show increased O2 consumption and decreased mitochondrial superoxide production compared with their p53-null counterpart. Superoxides 72-74 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 27-30 23966169-4 2013 Of note, unstressed HCT116 p53(+/+) cells simultaneously show increased O2 consumption and decreased mitochondrial superoxide production compared with their p53-null counterpart. Superoxides 115-125 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 27-30 23223967-8 2013 Thus, the low production of superoxide anions, subsequent to NADPH oxidase inhibition, might act by increasing the expression of Nrf2 and PPARalpha and by decreasing that of NF-kappaB, which, in turn, would enhance the antioxidant defense systems. Superoxides 28-45 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 129-133 25509359-4 2013 The product of SOD1 is a cytosolic dimeric enzyme Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) responsible for detoxification of the cellular superoxide radicals. Superoxides 56-66 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 15-19 25509359-4 2013 The product of SOD1 is a cytosolic dimeric enzyme Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) responsible for detoxification of the cellular superoxide radicals. Superoxides 56-66 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 78-82 23289810-2 2013 Copper-zinc superoxide dismutases, SOD-1 and SOD-3, and manganese superoxide dismutase, SOD-2, are enzymes involved in the protection against oxidative stress and detoxification of superoxide. Superoxides 12-22 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 35-40 23289810-2 2013 Copper-zinc superoxide dismutases, SOD-1 and SOD-3, and manganese superoxide dismutase, SOD-2, are enzymes involved in the protection against oxidative stress and detoxification of superoxide. Superoxides 12-22 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 45-50 23830845-9 2013 Excessive arginase activity reduces the l-arginine supply for nitric oxide synthase (NOS), causing it to become uncoupled and produce superoxide and less NO. Superoxides 134-144 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 62-83 23850514-9 2013 Further, C60/HSA efficiently generated not only superoxide anion radicals O2 - but also singlet oxygen 1O2 through photoirradiation. Superoxides 48-73 albumin Homo sapiens 13-16 23981672-8 2013 CONCLUSIONS: ApoE(-/-) mice chronically administered with sildenafil exhibited reduced levels of superoxide anion in MNC and less DNA fragmentation in MNC and liver cells, which are biomarkers of genotoxicity. Superoxides 97-113 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 13-17 23981672-5 2013 RESULTS: MNC from apoE(-/-) vehicle exhibited a 2-fold increase in production of superoxide anion in comparison with WT. Superoxides 81-97 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 18-22 23981672-6 2013 In contrast, sildenafil-administered apoE(-/-) mice showed superoxide anion levels similar to those observed in WT mice. Superoxides 59-75 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 37-41 24191234-3 2013 Our previous data highlighted a role for angiotensin II in the induction of telomere-dependent and -independent premature senescence of human vascular smooth muscle cells and suggested this was due to production of superoxide by NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 215-225 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 41-55 24191234-4 2013 However, since a role for mitochondrial oxidants was not ruled out we hypothesise that angiotensin II mediates senescence by mitochondrial superoxide generation and suggest that inhibition of superoxide may prevent vascular smooth muscle cell aging in vitro. Superoxides 139-149 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 87-101 24191234-4 2013 However, since a role for mitochondrial oxidants was not ruled out we hypothesise that angiotensin II mediates senescence by mitochondrial superoxide generation and suggest that inhibition of superoxide may prevent vascular smooth muscle cell aging in vitro. Superoxides 192-202 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 87-101 24191234-9 2013 These data suggest that mitochondrial superoxide is necessary for the induction of stress-induced premature senescence by angiotensin II and taken together with other data suggest that mitochondrial cross-talk with NADPH oxidases, via as yet unidentified signalling pathways, is likely to play a key role. Superoxides 38-48 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 122-136 23978851-6 2013 Luminol specifically reacts with the superoxide generated within the phagosomes of neutrophils since bioluminescence results from a myeloperoxidase (MPO) mediated reaction. Superoxides 37-47 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 132-147 23978851-6 2013 Luminol specifically reacts with the superoxide generated within the phagosomes of neutrophils since bioluminescence results from a myeloperoxidase (MPO) mediated reaction. Superoxides 37-47 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 149-152 23902728-6 2013 The cyt c-immobilized PDA-bound titania substrates showed stable and durable electrochemical performances upon continuous current-voltage cycling for 240 times (the final current change was less than 3%) and could detect superoxide that is a core indicator for various diseases including cancers. Superoxides 221-231 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 4-9 23950968-4 2013 To this end we identified a novel mechanism by which NO down regulated endogenous hydrogen peroxide [H2O2] formation via the down-regulation of superoxide [O2 (.-)] and the activation of catalase. Superoxides 103-105 catalase Homo sapiens 187-195 23816468-5 2013 Exposure to Ang II resulted in significant increases in suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) expression and phosphorylation levels of JAK2, STAT3 and ERK1/2 linked with elevated superoxide production and cell proliferation in HUASMCs. Superoxides 184-194 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 146-151 23816468-5 2013 Exposure to Ang II resulted in significant increases in suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) expression and phosphorylation levels of JAK2, STAT3 and ERK1/2 linked with elevated superoxide production and cell proliferation in HUASMCs. Superoxides 184-194 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 156-162 23816468-8 2013 Intriguingly, downregulation of profilin-1 with profilin-1 siRNA (50 nM) was able to abolish Ang II-induced upregulations of profilin-1 expression, ERK1/2 phosphorylation and superoxide production with attenuation of VSMC proliferation. Superoxides 175-185 profilin 1 Homo sapiens 32-42 23816468-8 2013 Intriguingly, downregulation of profilin-1 with profilin-1 siRNA (50 nM) was able to abolish Ang II-induced upregulations of profilin-1 expression, ERK1/2 phosphorylation and superoxide production with attenuation of VSMC proliferation. Superoxides 175-185 profilin 1 Homo sapiens 48-58 23816468-8 2013 Intriguingly, downregulation of profilin-1 with profilin-1 siRNA (50 nM) was able to abolish Ang II-induced upregulations of profilin-1 expression, ERK1/2 phosphorylation and superoxide production with attenuation of VSMC proliferation. Superoxides 175-185 profilin 1 Homo sapiens 48-58 23951261-0 2013 Diabetes-induced superoxide anion and breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier: role of the VEGF/uPAR pathway. Superoxides 17-33 plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor Rattus norvegicus 95-99 23951261-3 2013 The purpose of this study was to define the role of superoxide anion in VEGF/uPAR expression and BRB breakdown in diabetes. Superoxides 52-68 plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor Rattus norvegicus 77-81 23729209-6 2013 IPA-NO also suppressed ET1-induced cardiomyocyte superoxide generation. Superoxides 49-59 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 23-26 23373855-4 2013 Diminished mitochondrial superoxide inhibited redox-dependent Akt, restored activity of mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase, and reduced HIF1-alpha and lactate dehydrogenase expression in cancer cells. Superoxides 25-35 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 62-65 23988004-3 2013 In vitro exposure of cardiac fibroblasts to superoxide anion stimulates their proliferation by increasing the production of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), a potent fibrogenic cytokine. Superoxides 44-60 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 124-156 23988004-3 2013 In vitro exposure of cardiac fibroblasts to superoxide anion stimulates their proliferation by increasing the production of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1), a potent fibrogenic cytokine. Superoxides 44-60 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 158-167 23608466-0 2013 Mitochondrial superoxide mediates mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunctions in TRAIL-induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells. Superoxides 14-24 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 90-95 23608466-1 2013 Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide (O2( -)) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), have been reported to be important mediators of the apoptosis induced by death ligands, including Fas, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Superoxides 39-49 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 192-219 23608466-1 2013 Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide (O2( -)) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), have been reported to be important mediators of the apoptosis induced by death ligands, including Fas, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Superoxides 39-49 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 225-280 23608466-1 2013 Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide (O2( -)) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), have been reported to be important mediators of the apoptosis induced by death ligands, including Fas, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Superoxides 39-49 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 282-287 23608466-1 2013 Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide (O2( -)) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), have been reported to be important mediators of the apoptosis induced by death ligands, including Fas, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Superoxides 51-53 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 192-219 23608466-1 2013 Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide (O2( -)) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), have been reported to be important mediators of the apoptosis induced by death ligands, including Fas, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Superoxides 51-53 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 225-280 23608466-1 2013 Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide (O2( -)) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), have been reported to be important mediators of the apoptosis induced by death ligands, including Fas, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Superoxides 51-53 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 282-287 23608466-6 2013 TRAIL treatment resulted in increased mitochondrial O2( -) generation and the oxidation of cardiolipin. Superoxides 52-54 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 0-5 23608466-7 2013 The O2( -)-selective scavenger MnTBaP [Mn(III) tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin chloride] specifically blocked TRAIL-induced apoptosis and proapoptotic events including mitochondrial membrane collapse and caspase-3/7 activation. Superoxides 4-10 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 114-119 23608466-7 2013 The O2( -)-selective scavenger MnTBaP [Mn(III) tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin chloride] specifically blocked TRAIL-induced apoptosis and proapoptotic events including mitochondrial membrane collapse and caspase-3/7 activation. Superoxides 4-10 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 208-217 23608466-9 2013 In addition, increased mitochondrial O2( -) generation by uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation or inhibition of the electron transport chain amplified the TRAIL-induced apoptosis and proapoptotic events. Superoxides 37-39 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 158-163 23608466-11 2013 Our data indicate that mitochondrial O2( -) mediates mitochondrial and ER dysfunctions during TRAIL-induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells. Superoxides 37-39 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 94-99 23608466-12 2013 The present findings suggest that pharmacological agents increasing mitochondrial O2( -) may serve as clinical drugs that amplify TRAIL effectiveness toward cancer cells. Superoxides 82-84 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 130-135 23905971-4 2013 Uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) is an inner mitochondrial membrane protein whose expression lowers mitochondrial superoxide (O2i-) production. Superoxides 109-119 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 0-20 23905971-4 2013 Uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) is an inner mitochondrial membrane protein whose expression lowers mitochondrial superoxide (O2i-) production. Superoxides 109-119 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 22-26 24228386-1 2013 Achatina fulica C-reactive protein (ACRP) reversed the toxic effects of lead nitrate both in vivo in mice and in vitro in rat hepatocytes restoring the basal level of cell viability, lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione and superoxides. Superoxides 227-238 catenin (cadherin associated protein), alpha-like 1 Mus musculus 0-34 24228386-1 2013 Achatina fulica C-reactive protein (ACRP) reversed the toxic effects of lead nitrate both in vivo in mice and in vitro in rat hepatocytes restoring the basal level of cell viability, lipid peroxidation, reduced glutathione and superoxides. Superoxides 227-238 catenin (cadherin associated protein), alpha-like 1 Mus musculus 36-40 24101387-1 2013 Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion radical or hydroxyl radical, play an important role in inflammation processes as well as in transduction of signals from receptors to interleukin -1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) or lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Superoxides 58-82 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 209-227 24101387-1 2013 Reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion radical or hydroxyl radical, play an important role in inflammation processes as well as in transduction of signals from receptors to interleukin -1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) or lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Superoxides 58-82 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 229-237 24101387-10 2013 However, the superoxide radical reacts with nitric oxide forming peroxynitrite that inactivates prostaglandin I synthase (PGIS), suppressing the production of prostaglandin I2 (PGI2). Superoxides 13-23 prostaglandin I2 synthase Homo sapiens 122-126 24159377-9 2013 In conclusion, adenosine-induced increase in CF in isolated heart involves Nox2-generated superoxide, possibly through ERK 1/2 phosphorylation with subsequent p47-phox subunit phosphorylation. Superoxides 90-100 NSFL1 (p97) cofactor (p47) Mus musculus 159-162 22277574-6 2013 Angiotensin II increased the superoxide signals detected by dihydroethidium staining in myocardial cells with lipid deposition, and this increase was suppressed by pioglitazone. Superoxides 29-39 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-14 23922819-0 2013 The effect of orexin-A on cardiac dysfunction mediated by NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide anion in ventrolateral medulla. Superoxides 80-96 hypocretin neuropeptide precursor Rattus norvegicus 14-22 23922819-2 2013 The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that the central orexin-A (OXA) could be involved in the cardiovascular dysfunction of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by releasing NAD(P)H oxidase-derived superoxide anion (O2 (-)) generation in RVLM, AMI rat model established by ligating the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery to induce manifestation of cardiac dysfunction, monitored by the indicators as heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and left intraventricular pressure. Superoxides 212-228 hypocretin neuropeptide precursor Rattus norvegicus 71-79 23922819-2 2013 The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that the central orexin-A (OXA) could be involved in the cardiovascular dysfunction of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by releasing NAD(P)H oxidase-derived superoxide anion (O2 (-)) generation in RVLM, AMI rat model established by ligating the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery to induce manifestation of cardiac dysfunction, monitored by the indicators as heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and left intraventricular pressure. Superoxides 212-228 hypocretin neuropeptide precursor Rattus norvegicus 81-84 23922819-2 2013 The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that the central orexin-A (OXA) could be involved in the cardiovascular dysfunction of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by releasing NAD(P)H oxidase-derived superoxide anion (O2 (-)) generation in RVLM, AMI rat model established by ligating the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery to induce manifestation of cardiac dysfunction, monitored by the indicators as heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and left intraventricular pressure. Superoxides 230-236 hypocretin neuropeptide precursor Rattus norvegicus 71-79 23922819-2 2013 The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that the central orexin-A (OXA) could be involved in the cardiovascular dysfunction of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by releasing NAD(P)H oxidase-derived superoxide anion (O2 (-)) generation in RVLM, AMI rat model established by ligating the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery to induce manifestation of cardiac dysfunction, monitored by the indicators as heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and left intraventricular pressure. Superoxides 230-236 hypocretin neuropeptide precursor Rattus norvegicus 81-84 23922819-5 2013 Microinjection of OXA into the cerebral ventricle significantly increased O2 (-) production and mRNA expression of NAD(P)H oxidase subunits when compared with aCSF-treated ones. Superoxides 74-80 hypocretin neuropeptide precursor Rattus norvegicus 18-21 23922819-9 2013 As indicated by the results, OXA might participate in the central regulation of cardiovascular activities by disturbing the sympathovagal balance in AMI, which could be explained by the possibility that OXR and NAD(P)H-derived O2 (-) in RVLM mediates OXA-induced cardiovascular responses. Superoxides 227-229 hypocretin neuropeptide precursor Rattus norvegicus 29-32 23721231-5 2013 Whereas the SOD1 substrate (the radical anion superoxide, O2 -) was able to penetrate both membranes equally well, the CAT substrate (H2O2) showed different rates of diffusion. Superoxides 46-56 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 12-16 23721231-5 2013 Whereas the SOD1 substrate (the radical anion superoxide, O2 -) was able to penetrate both membranes equally well, the CAT substrate (H2O2) showed different rates of diffusion. Superoxides 58-60 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 12-16 23721231-6 2013 When O2 - was generated inside polymersomes filled with both SOD1 and CAT, the activities of the two systems were comparable again. Superoxides 5-7 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 23721231-6 2013 When O2 - was generated inside polymersomes filled with both SOD1 and CAT, the activities of the two systems were comparable again. Superoxides 5-7 catalase Homo sapiens 70-73 23790103-3 2013 While Fe(III)-CBS is inert to exogenous ligands, Fe(II)-CBS can be reversibly inhibited by carbon monoxide (CO) and reoxidized by O2 to yield superoxide radical. Superoxides 130-132 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 56-59 23790103-3 2013 While Fe(III)-CBS is inert to exogenous ligands, Fe(II)-CBS can be reversibly inhibited by carbon monoxide (CO) and reoxidized by O2 to yield superoxide radical. Superoxides 142-160 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 56-59 23790103-9 2013 Reoxidation of Fe(II)CO-CBS by O2 was multiphasic. Superoxides 31-33 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 24-27 23482378-8 2013 In aortic preparations, apocynin treatment decreased Ang II-mediated superoxide production from 2433+-120 relative light units (RLU)/min/mg to 1851+-126 RLU/min/mg (n = 4 mice per group), which was similar to levels observed in MHyB mice alone (1473+-132 RLU/min/mg) or in combination with apocynin (1503+-115 RLU/min/mg). Superoxides 69-79 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 53-59 23624625-0 2013 Mitochondrial-localized NADPH oxidase 4 is a source of superoxide in angiotensin II-stimulated neurons. Superoxides 55-65 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 69-83 23624625-2 2013 ANG II-mediated intraneuronal signaling has been shown to be predicated by an increase in mitochondrial superoxide (O2 -), yet the source of this reactive oxygen species (ROS) production remains unclear. Superoxides 104-114 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 0-6 23624625-2 2013 ANG II-mediated intraneuronal signaling has been shown to be predicated by an increase in mitochondrial superoxide (O2 -), yet the source of this reactive oxygen species (ROS) production remains unclear. Superoxides 116-118 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 0-6 23624625-9 2013 Additionally, adenoviral-encoded small interfering RNA for Nox4 (AdsiNox4) caused a robust knockdown in Nox4 mRNA and protein levels, which led to the attenuation of ANG II-induced mitochondrial O2 - production. Superoxides 195-197 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 166-172 23624625-11 2013 Collectively, these data suggest that Nox4 is a source of O2 - in neuron mitochondria that contributes to ANG II intraneuronal signaling. Superoxides 58-60 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 106-112 23832989-1 2013 The electron transport system required for energy transduction in mitochondria releases free electrons to generate superoxide, which is converted to hydrogen peroxide either spontaneously or by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 115-125 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 194-214 23832989-1 2013 The electron transport system required for energy transduction in mitochondria releases free electrons to generate superoxide, which is converted to hydrogen peroxide either spontaneously or by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 115-125 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 216-219 23417568-4 2013 In the current study, we scrutinized the effects of hydrogen peroxide and/or menadione (superoxide anion generator) on JNK/p38-MAPKs and JAK2-STAT3 pathways to elucidate the mechanism(s) by which each oxidant modulated the above-mentioned pathways leading to SK-N-MC cell death. Superoxides 88-104 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 119-122 23417568-4 2013 In the current study, we scrutinized the effects of hydrogen peroxide and/or menadione (superoxide anion generator) on JNK/p38-MAPKs and JAK2-STAT3 pathways to elucidate the mechanism(s) by which each oxidant modulated the above-mentioned pathways leading to SK-N-MC cell death. Superoxides 88-104 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 123-126 23417568-4 2013 In the current study, we scrutinized the effects of hydrogen peroxide and/or menadione (superoxide anion generator) on JNK/p38-MAPKs and JAK2-STAT3 pathways to elucidate the mechanism(s) by which each oxidant modulated the above-mentioned pathways leading to SK-N-MC cell death. Superoxides 88-104 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 142-147 23417568-5 2013 Our results delineated that hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion radical induced distinct responses as we showed that STAT3 and p38 were activated in response to hydrogen peroxide, but not superoxide anion radicals indicating the specificity in ROS-induced signaling pathways activations and behaviors. Superoxides 50-74 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 120-125 23417568-5 2013 Our results delineated that hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion radical induced distinct responses as we showed that STAT3 and p38 were activated in response to hydrogen peroxide, but not superoxide anion radicals indicating the specificity in ROS-induced signaling pathways activations and behaviors. Superoxides 50-74 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 130-133 23453926-0 2013 Advanced oxidation protein products induce cardiomyocyte death via Nox2/Rac1/superoxide-dependent TRAF3IP2/JNK signaling. Superoxides 77-87 TRAF3 interacting protein 2 Mus musculus 98-106 23453926-7 2013 The superoxide anion generating xanthine/xanthine oxidase system and hydrogen peroxide both induced TRAF3IP2 expression. Superoxides 4-20 TRAF3 interacting protein 2 Mus musculus 100-108 23453926-12 2013 These results demonstrate for the first time that AOPPs induce cardiomyocyte death via Nox2/Rac1/superoxide-dependent TRAF3IP2/JNK activation in vitro and suggest that AOPPs may contribute to myocardial injury in vivo. Superoxides 97-107 TRAF3 interacting protein 2 Mus musculus 118-126 23549379-5 2013 Using a prechiasmatic injection model of SAH, we show here that eNOS knockout (KO) significantly alleviates vasospasm of the middle cerebral artery and reduces superoxide production. Superoxides 160-170 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 64-68 24174716-3 2013 These bacterial species initiate the production of various cytokines such as interleukin-8 and TNF-alpha, further causing an increase in number and activity of polymorphonucleocytes (PMN) along with these cytokines, PMNs also produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) superoxide via the respiratory burst mechanism as the part of the defence response to infection. Superoxides 264-274 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 77-90 24174716-3 2013 These bacterial species initiate the production of various cytokines such as interleukin-8 and TNF-alpha, further causing an increase in number and activity of polymorphonucleocytes (PMN) along with these cytokines, PMNs also produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) superoxide via the respiratory burst mechanism as the part of the defence response to infection. Superoxides 264-274 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 95-104 23628882-8 2013 Hsp70 protein levels were significantly decreased, and this correlated with increases in eNOS/Hsp90 interactions, NOS activity, and NOx levels, and a significant decrease in eNOS-derived superoxide. Superoxides 187-197 heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein Ovis aries 0-5 23628882-8 2013 Hsp70 protein levels were significantly decreased, and this correlated with increases in eNOS/Hsp90 interactions, NOS activity, and NOx levels, and a significant decrease in eNOS-derived superoxide. Superoxides 187-197 nitric oxide synthase, endothelial Ovis aries 174-178 23718265-11 2013 While superoxide-mediated PARP activation is attenuated in the presence of NO, PARP inhibition does not modify the loss of mitochondrial function or adenine and pyridine nucleotide pools and subsequent bioenergetic dysfunction. Superoxides 6-16 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 26-30 23799360-3 2013 Compounds 3, 5, 6, and 10 exhibited inhibition (IC50 values <=4.52 mug/mL) of superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils in response to formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB). Superoxides 81-97 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 205-209 23454539-2 2013 We have recently reported that in addition to post-translational nitration and inactivation of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase holoenzyme (NOX) in the spinal cord is a major source for the overt production of superoxide-derived PN during the development of morphine-induced antinociceptive tolerance. Superoxides 119-129 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 141-146 23454539-10 2013 These results suggest that NOX2 activity provides a significant source of superoxide-derived PN to undertake post-translational modifications of mitochondrial MnSOD and to engage neuroinflammatory signaling in the spinal cord associated with opioid-induced antinociceptive tolerance. Superoxides 74-84 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 159-164 23840469-12 2013 Interleukin-1beta or tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulated mitochondrial superoxide flash activity by 2-fold in vitro and 5-fold in situ, without altering individual flash properties except for reduction in spatial size due to mitochondrial fragmentation. Superoxides 74-84 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 0-48 23576605-0 2013 Angiotensin II slow-pressor hypertension enhances NMDA currents and NOX2-dependent superoxide production in hypothalamic paraventricular neurons. Superoxides 83-93 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-14 23618922-10 2013 Caspase-3/7 activity, which was increased by 200 muM PFOS, could be suppressed by ROS/O2(-) scavengers and nitric oxide synthases (NOSs) inhibitors in AL cells. Superoxides 86-88 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 0-9 23629449-3 2013 Of these, five compounds 3, 6, 19a, 24a, and 24b exhibited potent and dual inhibitory effects on FMLP-induced superoxide anion (O2 (-)) generation and neutrophil elastase release in neutrophils with IC50 values of 0.23/0.60, 1.88/2.47, 1.87/3.60, 0.12/0.37, and 1.32/1.03 muM, respectively. Superoxides 110-126 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 97-101 23629449-3 2013 Of these, five compounds 3, 6, 19a, 24a, and 24b exhibited potent and dual inhibitory effects on FMLP-induced superoxide anion (O2 (-)) generation and neutrophil elastase release in neutrophils with IC50 values of 0.23/0.60, 1.88/2.47, 1.87/3.60, 0.12/0.37, and 1.32/1.03 muM, respectively. Superoxides 128-130 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 97-101 23629449-4 2013 Further studies indicated that inhibition of superoxide production in human neutrophils by these dipeptides was associated with the selective inhibition of formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1). Superoxides 45-55 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 156-181 23629449-4 2013 Further studies indicated that inhibition of superoxide production in human neutrophils by these dipeptides was associated with the selective inhibition of formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1). Superoxides 45-55 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 183-187 23781221-3 2013 Increasing number of studies from recent years demonstrates that uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), whereby the enzyme eNOS produces detrimental amount of superoxide anion [Formula: see text] instead the vasoprotective nitric oxide (NO( )), plays a critical role in vascular dysfunction under various pathophysiological conditions and in aging. Superoxides 176-192 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 79-112 23738738-4 2013 Superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) is the key enzyme for the protection of oxidative stress, which catalyzes the removal of superoxide radical anion, thereby raising the need to better understand the interaction between INH and SOD. Superoxides 129-153 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 23738738-4 2013 Superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) is the key enzyme for the protection of oxidative stress, which catalyzes the removal of superoxide radical anion, thereby raising the need to better understand the interaction between INH and SOD. Superoxides 129-153 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 23738738-4 2013 Superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) is the key enzyme for the protection of oxidative stress, which catalyzes the removal of superoxide radical anion, thereby raising the need to better understand the interaction between INH and SOD. Superoxides 129-153 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 233-236 23625959-7 2013 Circulating adiponectin was independently associated with nitric oxide bioavailability and O2(-) production/eNOS uncoupling in both arteries and veins. Superoxides 91-96 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Homo sapiens 12-23 23625959-9 2013 In contrast, local adiponectin gene expression/release in perivascular adipose tissue was positively correlated with O2(-) and eNOS uncoupling in the underlying vessels. Superoxides 117-120 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Homo sapiens 19-30 23736784-1 2013 inhibit superoxide generation and elastase release in human neutrophils by blocking formyl peptide receptor 1. Superoxides 8-18 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 84-109 23755271-6 2013 ZnO also caused DNA strand breakage and oxidative DNA damage in the RAW 264.7 cells as well as p47(phox) NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide generation in bone marrow-derived macrophages. Superoxides 129-139 NSFL1 (p97) cofactor (p47) Mus musculus 95-98 23542920-7 2013 Moreover, compared with untreated PPAR-alpha KO mice, myosin heavy chain tyrosine nitration and anion superoxide production were markedly reduced in PPAR-alpha KO mice after treatment. Superoxides 102-112 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha Mus musculus 149-159 23520167-4 2013 Absence of T-box expressed in T cells (T-bet), the IFN-gamma transcription factor encoded by Tbx21, reduced vascular superoxide and peroxynitrite formation and attenuated expression of nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunits as well as inducible NO synthase, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and interleukin-12 in aortas of ATII-infused mice. Superoxides 117-127 interferon gamma Mus musculus 51-60 22817606-7 2013 Angiotensin II enhanced intravascular superoxide generation, eutrophic remodelling, collagen and fibronectin depositions, and decreased elastin content, resulting in increased vessel stiffness. Superoxides 38-48 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-14 23349484-3 2013 Using three complementary methods to measure superoxide, we demonstrated higher levels of superoxide in insulin-resistant endothelial cells, which could be pharmacologically inhibited both acutely and chronically, using the Nox inhibitor gp91ds-tat. Superoxides 45-55 insulin Homo sapiens 104-111 23349484-3 2013 Using three complementary methods to measure superoxide, we demonstrated higher levels of superoxide in insulin-resistant endothelial cells, which could be pharmacologically inhibited both acutely and chronically, using the Nox inhibitor gp91ds-tat. Superoxides 90-100 insulin Homo sapiens 104-111 23349484-5 2013 siRNA-mediated knockdown of Nox2, which was specifically elevated in insulin-resistant endothelial cells, significantly reduced superoxide levels. Superoxides 128-138 insulin Homo sapiens 69-76 23569086-8 2013 Western blotting demonstrated that incubation of isolated TAL with AngII increased phosphorylation of p47(phox) at Ser(304), suggesting that AngII stimulates the basolateral Cl channels by increasing NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide generation. Superoxides 224-234 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 67-72 23569086-8 2013 Western blotting demonstrated that incubation of isolated TAL with AngII increased phosphorylation of p47(phox) at Ser(304), suggesting that AngII stimulates the basolateral Cl channels by increasing NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide generation. Superoxides 224-234 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 141-146 23558387-10 2013 Pretreatment with either SOD (degrades superoxide anion) or catalase (degrades hydrogen peroxide) depressed oxidant activity in TNF-treated muscle and abolished the decrement in specific force. Superoxides 39-55 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 128-131 23445482-9 2013 In human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) incubated with CRP, inhibitors CRPi-2, CRPi-3, and CRPi-6 significantly inhibited CRP-induced superoxide, cytokine release, and nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB) activity. Superoxides 136-146 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 57-60 23445482-9 2013 In human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) incubated with CRP, inhibitors CRPi-2, CRPi-3, and CRPi-6 significantly inhibited CRP-induced superoxide, cytokine release, and nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB) activity. Superoxides 136-146 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 73-76 23649652-1 2013 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) catalyzes superoxide radical (O2 (-)) into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which is further catalyzed by the combined action of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) into water and oxygen. Superoxides 49-67 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 0-30 23649652-1 2013 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) catalyzes superoxide radical (O2 (-)) into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which is further catalyzed by the combined action of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) into water and oxygen. Superoxides 49-67 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 32-37 23649652-1 2013 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) catalyzes superoxide radical (O2 (-)) into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which is further catalyzed by the combined action of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) into water and oxygen. Superoxides 49-67 catalase Mus musculus 194-202 23649652-1 2013 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) catalyzes superoxide radical (O2 (-)) into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which is further catalyzed by the combined action of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) into water and oxygen. Superoxides 49-67 catalase Mus musculus 204-207 23649652-2 2013 MnSOD plays a role in cell protection from superoxide damage. Superoxides 43-53 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 0-5 23611775-2 2013 Down-regulation of the mitochondrial enzyme superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) contributes to the stabilization of HIF-1alpha under hypoxia due to the decreased dismutation of superoxide radical. Superoxides 171-189 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 110-120 23708100-0 2013 Sod1 loss induces intrinsic superoxide accumulation leading to p53-mediated growth arrest and apoptosis. Superoxides 28-38 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 0-4 23708100-2 2013 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes play a major role in the antioxidant system and they also catalyze superoxide radicals (O2 -). Superoxides 102-121 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 22-25 23708100-2 2013 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes play a major role in the antioxidant system and they also catalyze superoxide radicals (O2 -). Superoxides 123-125 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 22-25 23708100-5 2013 We demonstrated that Sod1 deficiency impaired proliferation and induced apoptosis associated with O2 - accumulation in the cytoplasm and mitochondria in fibroblasts. Superoxides 98-100 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 21-25 23583448-3 2013 The critical role of NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide generation in this cross-talk mechanism is supported by the finding that blockade of NADPH oxidase function prevents c-Met trans-phosphorylation and the downstream signalling cascade. Superoxides 45-55 MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 173-178 23667524-11 2013 SOD activity was reduced by midgut PSN knockdown, and these flies were sensitive to the superoxide-inducing chemical paraquat. Superoxides 88-98 Presenilin Drosophila melanogaster 35-38 23454417-2 2013 Peroxynitrite, formed from NO and superoxide, can induce multiple proteins nitration, even including NF-kappaB and iNOS, to alter their functions. Superoxides 34-44 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 101-110 23454417-2 2013 Peroxynitrite, formed from NO and superoxide, can induce multiple proteins nitration, even including NF-kappaB and iNOS, to alter their functions. Superoxides 34-44 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 115-119 23642335-1 2013 BACKGROUND: Catalase (CAT) breaks down H2O2 into H2O and O2 to protects cells from oxidative damage. Superoxides 41-43 catalase Homo sapiens 12-20 23642335-1 2013 BACKGROUND: Catalase (CAT) breaks down H2O2 into H2O and O2 to protects cells from oxidative damage. Superoxides 41-43 catalase Homo sapiens 22-25 23519470-5 2013 We show here that treatment of prostate cancer PPC-1 cells with the superoxide generators menadione, paraquat, or buthionine sulfoximine down-regulates c-FLIP long (c-FLIP(L)) protein levels, which is prevented by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Superoxides 68-78 CASP8 and FADD like apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 152-158 23519470-5 2013 We show here that treatment of prostate cancer PPC-1 cells with the superoxide generators menadione, paraquat, or buthionine sulfoximine down-regulates c-FLIP long (c-FLIP(L)) protein levels, which is prevented by the proteasome inhibitor MG132. Superoxides 68-78 CASP8 and FADD like apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 165-174 23475768-2 2013 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) limits superoxide bioavailability, and decreased SOD activity is associated with PH. Superoxides 34-44 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 22-25 23475768-3 2013 A decrease in SOD activity is expected to increase superoxide and reduce hydrogen peroxide levels. Superoxides 51-61 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 14-17 23475768-8 2013 We found that SOD1 knockout (KO) mice have elevated pulmonary arterial wall superoxide and decreased hydrogen peroxide levels compared with wild-type (WT) littermates. Superoxides 76-86 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 14-18 23422569-6 2013 Inhibition of SIRT1 significantly increased vascular superoxide production, enhanced NADPH oxidase activity, and mRNA expression of its subunits p22(phox) and NOX4, which were prevented by resveratrol. Superoxides 53-63 sirtuin 1 Rattus norvegicus 14-19 23637767-6 2013 TNFalpha stimulated NADPH-dependent superoxide release, total ROS formation and expression of ICAM-1and VCAM-1. Superoxides 36-46 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-8 23613809-0 2013 Superoxide mediates direct current electric field-induced directional migration of glioma cells through the activation of AKT and ERK. Superoxides 0-10 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 122-125 23613809-0 2013 Superoxide mediates direct current electric field-induced directional migration of glioma cells through the activation of AKT and ERK. Superoxides 0-10 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 130-133 23613809-7 2013 Collectively, our data demonstrate that superoxide may play a critical role in DCEF-induced directional migration of glioma cells through the regulation of Akt and Erk1/2 activation. Superoxides 40-50 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 156-159 23613809-7 2013 Collectively, our data demonstrate that superoxide may play a critical role in DCEF-induced directional migration of glioma cells through the regulation of Akt and Erk1/2 activation. Superoxides 40-50 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 164-170 23559002-7 2013 We also show that the unprenylated RhoA- and Rac1-GTP retained at least part of their functional activities, as evidenced by the increase in intracellular superoxide production and JNK activation in response to simvastatin. Superoxides 155-165 ras homolog family member A Homo sapiens 35-39 24008014-11 2013 This study reveals that when both types of inhibition are released, Noxa1 achieves high-level superoxide production. Superoxides 94-104 NADPH oxidase activator 1 Homo sapiens 68-73 23559002-8 2013 Notably, blocking superoxide production attenuated JNK activation as well as cell death induced by simvastatin. Superoxides 18-28 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 51-54 23864513-5 2013 18:429-440, 2013), working with singly modified human cytochromes c, claim to have found a new mechanism for the reduction of iron(III) cytochrome c by superoxide. Superoxides 152-162 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 136-148 23559002-10 2013 Taken together, our data highlight the critical role of non-canonical regulation of Rho GTPases and involvement of downstream superoxide-mediated activation of JNK pathway in the anticancer activity of simvastatin, which would have potential clinical implications. Superoxides 126-136 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 160-163 23238663-8 2013 At baseline, a subcohort of T2DM HT and HT alone participants showed evidence of nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-derived superoxide production, indicating defective enzymatic activity. Superoxides 117-127 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 81-102 23395155-5 2013 In BH4 deficiency, oxygen reduction uncouples from NO synthesis, thereby converting eNOS to a superoxide-producing enzyme. Superoxides 94-104 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 84-88 23354121-9 2013 We thus demonstrate for the first time that UCP2, functional due to fatty acids released by redox-activated mt-iPLA2gamma, suppresses mitochondrial superoxide production by its uncoupling action. Superoxides 148-158 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 44-48 23271050-11 2013 LTB4-induced superoxide release was attenuated by TCS 5861528 (56%) and HC-030031 (66%), NAC (58%), SOD (50%), and LY255283 (59%) but not by the leukotriene B4 receptor 1 antagonist U-75302 (9 nmol/site) or SB366791. Superoxides 13-23 leukotriene B4 receptor 1 Mus musculus 145-170 22996620-7 2013 Moreover, a small amount of O2- induced by water extracts from fermented soy milk at low concentration (1 mg mL-1) increased the content of calcium ions and activated eNOS, thereby promoting NO production and the coupling state of eNOS. Superoxides 28-30 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 167-171 23497312-14 2013 In vitro, enhanced Nox1, RAGE expression as well as the production of intracellular superoxide anions, and reduced expression of Cu/Zn SOD induced by AGEs were attenuated by the anti-RAGE antibody or a ROS inhibitor. Superoxides 84-101 advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor Rattus norvegicus 183-187 23313413-1 2013 At optimal NADH concentration (50muM), the complex I-mediated process results in a formation of two superoxide anions and H(2)O(2) as the reaction products in approximately 0.7 ratio. Superoxides 100-117 latexin Homo sapiens 33-36 23219873-3 2013 Manganese superoxide dismutase (Sod2) is an antioxidant enzyme that governs steady-state levels of the superoxide in the mitochondrial matrix. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 32-36 23314732-3 2013 Here, we show that exogenously applied H(2)O(2) (30-100 microM) induces cell death in TRAIL-resistant human melanoma cells via intracellular superoxide (O(2)-) generation. Superoxides 141-151 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 86-91 23314732-3 2013 Here, we show that exogenously applied H(2)O(2) (30-100 microM) induces cell death in TRAIL-resistant human melanoma cells via intracellular superoxide (O(2)-) generation. Superoxides 43-47 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 86-91 22881869-4 2013 Superoxide is generated in the narrow space between the ingested organism and the phagosomal membrane and kinetic modeling indicates that it reaches a concentration of around 20 muM. Superoxides 0-10 latexin Homo sapiens 178-181 23118353-9 2013 Importantly, pharmacological inhibition of PDI or its down-regulation by short interfering RNAs prevented NOX activation in microglia and subsequent production of superoxide. Superoxides 163-173 protein disulfide isomerase family A member 2 Homo sapiens 43-46 23283965-7 2013 Functionally, superoxide flashes in response to hyperosmotic stress participated in the activation of JNK and p38. Superoxides 14-24 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 102-105 23283965-7 2013 Functionally, superoxide flashes in response to hyperosmotic stress participated in the activation of JNK and p38. Superoxides 14-24 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 110-113 23357556-3 2013 The interaction of p47(phox) with protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms (alpha, betaI, betaII, delta and zeta) was attenuated by Fal-002-2 with a similar IC50 value to that required for inhibition of O2( -) generation, whereas Fal-002-2 had no prominent effect on PKC isoform membrane translocation and did not affect the kinase activity. Superoxides 194-196 NSFL1 cofactor Rattus norvegicus 19-22 23357556-3 2013 The interaction of p47(phox) with protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms (alpha, betaI, betaII, delta and zeta) was attenuated by Fal-002-2 with a similar IC50 value to that required for inhibition of O2( -) generation, whereas Fal-002-2 had no prominent effect on PKC isoform membrane translocation and did not affect the kinase activity. Superoxides 194-196 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Rattus norvegicus 23-27 23385237-4 2013 The production of both superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in bone marrow cells was higher in young apoE-/- mice than in age-matched C57 mice, and reactive oxygen species were increased in aged C57 and apoE-/- mice. Superoxides 23-33 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 97-101 23205777-1 2013 Under oxidative stress conditions, mitochondria are the major site for cellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion and H2O2 that can attack numerous mitochondrial proteins including dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLDH). Superoxides 132-148 dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 216-246 23205777-1 2013 Under oxidative stress conditions, mitochondria are the major site for cellular production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion and H2O2 that can attack numerous mitochondrial proteins including dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLDH). Superoxides 132-148 dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 248-252 23266544-4 2013 Incubation of isolated carotid arteries from C57BL/6J mice with Ang II overnight increased superoxide 2-fold and reduced vasodilator responses to the endothelium-dependent agonist acetylcholine by 50% versus controls (P<0.05). Superoxides 91-101 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 64-70 23006546-7 2013 PD1, in nanomolar concentrations, suppressed the chemotaxis induced by CCL11/eotaxin-1 or 5-oxo-eicosatetraenoic acid and modulated the expression of the adhesion molecules CD11b and L-selectin, although it had no effects on the degranulation, superoxide anion generation, or survival of the eosinophils. Superoxides 244-260 ribosomal protein L17 Homo sapiens 0-3 23114721-7 2013 In the PVN, superoxide anion and angiotensin II levels were increased while SOD1 activity and protein expression were decreased in SHR, which were attenuated by SOD1 overexpression in the PVN. Superoxides 12-28 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 161-165 23348590-5 2013 Here, we show that RanBP9 induces the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and increase in mitochondrial superoxides associated with decrease in Bcl-2, increase in Bax protein and oligomerization, fragmentation of mitochondria, and cytochrome c release. Superoxides 109-120 RAN binding protein 9 Homo sapiens 19-25 23332757-4 2013 SOD1 binds a C-terminal degron we identified in Yck1p/Yck2p and promotes kinase stability by catalyzing superoxide conversion to peroxide. Superoxides 104-114 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 23161879-1 2013 The GTP-binding protein Rac regulates diverse cellular functions including activation of NADPH oxidase, a major source of superoxide production (O(2)( -)). Superoxides 122-132 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 24-27 23161879-1 2013 The GTP-binding protein Rac regulates diverse cellular functions including activation of NADPH oxidase, a major source of superoxide production (O(2)( -)). Superoxides 145-149 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 24-27 24024135-9 2013 We speculate that the inactivation of EC-SOD by peroxidase activity plays a role in regulating SOD activity in vivo, as even low levels of superoxide will allow for the peroxidase reaction to occur. Superoxides 139-149 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 38-44 24024135-9 2013 We speculate that the inactivation of EC-SOD by peroxidase activity plays a role in regulating SOD activity in vivo, as even low levels of superoxide will allow for the peroxidase reaction to occur. Superoxides 139-149 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 41-44 23163230-1 2013 Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) efficiently catalyzes dismutation of superoxide, but its poor delivery to the target sites in the body, such as brain, hinders its use as a therapeutic agent for superoxide-associated disorders. Superoxides 67-77 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 0-22 23163230-1 2013 Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) efficiently catalyzes dismutation of superoxide, but its poor delivery to the target sites in the body, such as brain, hinders its use as a therapeutic agent for superoxide-associated disorders. Superoxides 67-77 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 24-28 23163230-1 2013 Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) efficiently catalyzes dismutation of superoxide, but its poor delivery to the target sites in the body, such as brain, hinders its use as a therapeutic agent for superoxide-associated disorders. Superoxides 192-202 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 0-22 23163230-1 2013 Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) efficiently catalyzes dismutation of superoxide, but its poor delivery to the target sites in the body, such as brain, hinders its use as a therapeutic agent for superoxide-associated disorders. Superoxides 192-202 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 24-28 23163230-8 2013 The SOD activity in cell lysates and ability to attenuate angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced superoxide in live cells were increased for this conjugate compared to SOD1 and PEG-SOD1. Superoxides 90-100 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 4-7 23163230-8 2013 The SOD activity in cell lysates and ability to attenuate angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced superoxide in live cells were increased for this conjugate compared to SOD1 and PEG-SOD1. Superoxides 90-100 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 58-72 23163230-8 2013 The SOD activity in cell lysates and ability to attenuate angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced superoxide in live cells were increased for this conjugate compared to SOD1 and PEG-SOD1. Superoxides 90-100 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 74-80 23163230-14 2013 Altogether, SOD1-POx conjugates are promising candidates as macromolecular antioxidant therapies for superoxide-associated diseases such as Ang II-induced neurocardiovascular diseases. Superoxides 101-111 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 12-16 23163230-14 2013 Altogether, SOD1-POx conjugates are promising candidates as macromolecular antioxidant therapies for superoxide-associated diseases such as Ang II-induced neurocardiovascular diseases. Superoxides 101-111 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 140-146 23085029-6 2013 Also, ascorbic acid (500 muM), glutathione (100 muM) and Cu/Zn SOD (100 U/ml) prevented the inhibitory effect of superoxide anion generators on the relaxation to nitrergic stimulation and NO. Superoxides 113-129 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 57-66 23085029-12 2013 These results indicate that quercetin has antioxidant effect and protects NO from endogenous superoxide anion-driven inactivation and enhances its biological activity, suggesting that quercetin may scavenge superoxide anion in a Cu/Zn SOD, glutathione or ascorbic acid-inhibitable manner. Superoxides 93-109 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 229-238 23085029-12 2013 These results indicate that quercetin has antioxidant effect and protects NO from endogenous superoxide anion-driven inactivation and enhances its biological activity, suggesting that quercetin may scavenge superoxide anion in a Cu/Zn SOD, glutathione or ascorbic acid-inhibitable manner. Superoxides 207-223 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 229-238 23245897-1 2013 A novel superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) biosensor is proposed based on the immobilization of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD) in a gold nanoparticle-chitosan-ionic liquid (GNPs-CS-IL) biocomposite film. Superoxides 26-31 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 122-125 23245897-8 2013 Based on the biomolecule recognition of the specific reactivity of SOD toward O(2)(-), the developed biosensor exhibited a fast amperometric response (<5s), wide linear range (5.6-2.7x10(3)nM), low detection limit (1.7nM), and excellent selectivity for the real-time measurement of O(2)(-). Superoxides 78-82 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 67-70 23316476-5 2012 For example overexpression of Bcl-2 has been shown to contribute to a pro-oxidant intracellular milieu and down-regulation of cellular superoxide levels enhanced death sensitivity of Bcl-2 overexpressing cells. Superoxides 135-145 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 30-35 23316476-5 2012 For example overexpression of Bcl-2 has been shown to contribute to a pro-oxidant intracellular milieu and down-regulation of cellular superoxide levels enhanced death sensitivity of Bcl-2 overexpressing cells. Superoxides 135-145 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 183-188 23103499-8 2013 However, isolated Pkd2 heterozygous VSM cells displayed basal increases in superoxide and sodium nitroprusside-stimulated peroxynitrite formation, which were both suppressed by rosiglitazone. Superoxides 75-85 polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel Homo sapiens 18-22 23212557-9 2013 In vivo CTRP9 administration to diabetic mice significantly attenuated NADPH oxidase expression and superoxide generation, reduced infarct size, and improved cardiac function. Superoxides 100-110 C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 9 Mus musculus 8-13 23103160-6 2013 In addition, we found that, mimicking SOD, Au NPs efficiently catalyze the decomposition of superoxide. Superoxides 92-102 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 38-41 23165113-5 2013 Ang II also activates the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) additively to aldosterone, and this effect appears to be mediated through protein kinase C and superoxide generation by nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase. Superoxides 154-164 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-6 23478273-1 2013 BACKGROUND: Superoxide dismutase (SOD), an antioxidant acting against superoxide (oxygen radical, O(2)( -)), it is released in inflammatory pathways and causes connective tissue breakdown. Superoxides 70-80 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 12-32 23478273-1 2013 BACKGROUND: Superoxide dismutase (SOD), an antioxidant acting against superoxide (oxygen radical, O(2)( -)), it is released in inflammatory pathways and causes connective tissue breakdown. Superoxides 70-80 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 34-37 23478273-1 2013 BACKGROUND: Superoxide dismutase (SOD), an antioxidant acting against superoxide (oxygen radical, O(2)( -)), it is released in inflammatory pathways and causes connective tissue breakdown. Superoxides 98-102 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 12-32 23059458-0 2013 Up-regulation of heme oxygenase-1 attenuates brain damage after cerebral ischemia via simultaneous inhibition of superoxide production and preservation of NO bioavailability. Superoxides 113-123 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 17-33 23921602-3 2013 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is the first-line and only antioxidant enzyme that converts superoxide to hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 87-97 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 23921602-3 2013 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is the first-line and only antioxidant enzyme that converts superoxide to hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 87-97 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 23800993-9 2013 These results suggest that superoxide production, NHE-1 activation, and intracellular alkalization were early features prior to apoptosis in Ang II-treated mouse podocytes, and may offer new insights into the mechanisms responsible for Ang II-induced podocyte injury. Superoxides 27-37 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 141-147 23800993-9 2013 These results suggest that superoxide production, NHE-1 activation, and intracellular alkalization were early features prior to apoptosis in Ang II-treated mouse podocytes, and may offer new insights into the mechanisms responsible for Ang II-induced podocyte injury. Superoxides 27-37 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 236-242 23106228-7 2013 pft1 mutants showed perturbed H(2)O(2) and superoxide (O(2)( -)) distribution, suggesting that PFT1 is essential to maintain redox homeostasis in the root. Superoxides 43-53 phytochrome and flowering time regulatory protein (PFT1) Arabidopsis thaliana 0-4 23106228-7 2013 pft1 mutants showed perturbed H(2)O(2) and superoxide (O(2)( -)) distribution, suggesting that PFT1 is essential to maintain redox homeostasis in the root. Superoxides 43-53 phytochrome and flowering time regulatory protein (PFT1) Arabidopsis thaliana 95-99 23106228-7 2013 pft1 mutants showed perturbed H(2)O(2) and superoxide (O(2)( -)) distribution, suggesting that PFT1 is essential to maintain redox homeostasis in the root. Superoxides 34-38 phytochrome and flowering time regulatory protein (PFT1) Arabidopsis thaliana 0-4 24396568-4 2013 TNF-alpha increased the levels of superoxide, Nox (nitrate and nitrite), malondialdehyde, and nitrotyrosine production, accompanied by increased protein expression of p-PKC-beta2, gP91phox, and endothelial cell apoptosis, whereas all these changes were further enhanced by nitroglycerine. Superoxides 34-44 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-9 23222364-6 2013 Superoxide anion generation was determined, using the cytochrome c reduction assay. Superoxides 0-16 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 54-66 22993073-6 2012 Because Src is a vasculopathic signaling species upstream and downstream of superoxide anion, such expression was evaluated; expression of Src and phosphorylated Src was both markedly increased in the AVF. Superoxides 76-92 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 8-11 22993073-6 2012 Because Src is a vasculopathic signaling species upstream and downstream of superoxide anion, such expression was evaluated; expression of Src and phosphorylated Src was both markedly increased in the AVF. Superoxides 76-92 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 139-142 22993073-6 2012 Because Src is a vasculopathic signaling species upstream and downstream of superoxide anion, such expression was evaluated; expression of Src and phosphorylated Src was both markedly increased in the AVF. Superoxides 76-92 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 139-142 23235461-4 2012 AUL12 inhibits the respiratory complex I and causes a rapid burst of mitochondrial superoxide levels, leading to activation of the mitochondrial fraction of GSK-3alpha/beta and to the ensuing phosphorylation of the mitochondrial chaperone cyclophilin D, which in turn facilitates PTP opening. Superoxides 83-93 peptidylprolyl isomerase F Homo sapiens 239-252 23026387-7 2012 The addition of exogenous CAT and SOD significantly protected the capacity for glucose uptake and respiration, suggesting that superoxide and H(2)O(2) are involved in the impairment of activity during UV-B exposure. Superoxides 127-137 catalase Homo sapiens 26-29 23026387-7 2012 The addition of exogenous CAT and SOD significantly protected the capacity for glucose uptake and respiration, suggesting that superoxide and H(2)O(2) are involved in the impairment of activity during UV-B exposure. Superoxides 127-137 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 34-37 23087362-3 2012 METHODS AND RESULTS: Nanomolar concentrations of TSP1 found in human vascular disease robustly stimulated superoxide (O(2)( -)) levels in vascular smooth muscle cells at both cellular and tissue level as measured by cytochrome c and electron paramagnetic resonance. Superoxides 106-116 thrombospondin 1 Homo sapiens 49-53 22923475-3 2012 Diabetes-induced capillary degeneration, proinflammatory changes, and superoxide production in the retina and allodynia were inhibited in diabetic animals in which iNOS or PARP1 was deleted from bone marrow cells only. Superoxides 70-80 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 164-168 22998079-3 2012 Studies have shown superoxide dismutase (SOD) plays an important role in reduction of O(2)( -) and ONOO(-) during eNOS uncoupling. Superoxides 86-90 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 41-44 22632894-1 2012 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a major defender against excessive superoxide generated under hyperglycemia. Superoxides 65-75 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 22-25 22632894-4 2012 Increased glomerular superoxide levels were observed in SOD1(-/-)SOD3(+/+) and SOD1(-/-)SOD3(-/-) C57BL/6-Akita mice but not in SOD1(+/+)SOD3(-/-) C57BL/6-Akita mice. Superoxides 21-31 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 56-60 22632894-4 2012 Increased glomerular superoxide levels were observed in SOD1(-/-)SOD3(+/+) and SOD1(-/-)SOD3(-/-) C57BL/6-Akita mice but not in SOD1(+/+)SOD3(-/-) C57BL/6-Akita mice. Superoxides 21-31 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 79-83 22632894-4 2012 Increased glomerular superoxide levels were observed in SOD1(-/-)SOD3(+/+) and SOD1(-/-)SOD3(-/-) C57BL/6-Akita mice but not in SOD1(+/+)SOD3(-/-) C57BL/6-Akita mice. Superoxides 21-31 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 79-83 22933517-2 2012 Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) plays a pivotal role in antioxidation by scavenging the superoxide anion, and its deficiency causes infertility in female mice, but the significance of the enzyme in male mice remains unclear. Superoxides 86-102 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 0-22 22933517-2 2012 Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) plays a pivotal role in antioxidation by scavenging the superoxide anion, and its deficiency causes infertility in female mice, but the significance of the enzyme in male mice remains unclear. Superoxides 86-102 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 24-28 23068098-0 2012 Guanosine diphosphate exerts a lower effect on superoxide release from mitochondrial matrix in the brains of uncoupling protein-2 knockout mice: new evidence for a putative novel function of uncoupling proteins as superoxide anion transporters. Superoxides 47-57 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 109-129 23068098-1 2012 In this report, we show new experimental evidence that, in mouse brain mitochondria, uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) can be involved in superoxide (O(2)( -)) removal from the mitochondrial matrix. Superoxides 132-142 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 85-105 23068098-1 2012 In this report, we show new experimental evidence that, in mouse brain mitochondria, uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) can be involved in superoxide (O(2)( -)) removal from the mitochondrial matrix. Superoxides 132-142 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 107-111 23068098-1 2012 In this report, we show new experimental evidence that, in mouse brain mitochondria, uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) can be involved in superoxide (O(2)( -)) removal from the mitochondrial matrix. Superoxides 144-148 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 85-105 23068098-1 2012 In this report, we show new experimental evidence that, in mouse brain mitochondria, uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) can be involved in superoxide (O(2)( -)) removal from the mitochondrial matrix. Superoxides 144-148 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 107-111 22982594-6 2012 Attenuation of L-NAME-inhibitable superoxide anion levels by GW501516 demonstrated that activation of PPARdelta might prevent uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS, P<0.05, n=6-9). Superoxides 34-50 peroxisome proliferator activator receptor delta Mus musculus 102-111 22940494-2 2012 Using mouse embryonic fibroblasts in which the expression of PTEN was knocked out, we show that a decrease in intracellular superoxide anion resulted in a rapid dephosphorylation of Akt at Thr308 followed by Ser473. Superoxides 124-140 phosphatase and tensin homolog Mus musculus 61-65 22940494-2 2012 Using mouse embryonic fibroblasts in which the expression of PTEN was knocked out, we show that a decrease in intracellular superoxide anion resulted in a rapid dephosphorylation of Akt at Thr308 followed by Ser473. Superoxides 124-140 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 182-185 22612323-6 2012 CONCLUSIONS: It could be suggested that increased oxidative stress and VEGF contribute to enhance the impairment of placental perfusion by increasing peroxynitrite formation, product of the NO and superoxide reaction, thereby partly contributing to account for the pathophysiology of this disease. Superoxides 197-207 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 71-75 23079185-9 2012 In human endothelial cells, TNFalpha induced superoxide production, p-selectin, tissue factor and PAI-1, and suppressed thrombomodulin, resulting in an accelerated endothelial dependent blood clotting in vitro. Superoxides 45-55 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 28-36 22483692-0 2012 Endothelin-1 increases superoxide production in human coronary artery bypass grafts. Superoxides 23-33 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 0-12 22483692-1 2012 AIMS: Endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been shown to increase endothelial superoxide (O(2)(-)) production in experimental animal models. Superoxides 65-75 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 6-18 22483692-1 2012 AIMS: Endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been shown to increase endothelial superoxide (O(2)(-)) production in experimental animal models. Superoxides 65-75 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 20-24 22483692-1 2012 AIMS: Endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been shown to increase endothelial superoxide (O(2)(-)) production in experimental animal models. Superoxides 77-81 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 6-18 22483692-1 2012 AIMS: Endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been shown to increase endothelial superoxide (O(2)(-)) production in experimental animal models. Superoxides 77-81 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 20-24 22483692-3 2012 We sought to elucidate whether ET-1 increases O(2)(-) production in human vessels and to identify the mechanism behind this effect. Superoxides 46-53 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 31-35 22483692-7 2012 The increase in O(2)(-)production induced by ET-1 in IMA was inhibited by co-incubation with dual BQ (p < 0.05; n=15) and BQ123 (p<0.05; n = 17). Superoxides 16-20 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 45-49 22483692-9 2012 SIGNIFICANCE: ET-1 increases O(2)(-) production especially in human arteries and less so in veins from patients with coronary artery disease via a receptor-dependent pathway involving a flavin dependent enzyme which is likely to be NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 29-33 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 14-18 22483692-10 2012 Production of O(2)(-) may be an important factor underlying the negative effects of ET-1 on vascular function such as impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation and pro-inflammatory effects. Superoxides 14-18 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 84-88 22875785-1 2012 Angiotensin II (ANG II) stimulates production of superoxide (O(2)(-)) by NADPH oxidase (NOX) in medullary thick ascending limbs (TALs). Superoxides 49-59 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 16-22 22875785-1 2012 Angiotensin II (ANG II) stimulates production of superoxide (O(2)(-)) by NADPH oxidase (NOX) in medullary thick ascending limbs (TALs). Superoxides 61-65 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 16-22 22459774-10 2012 PC-SOD suppressed the bleomycin-induced pulmonary inflammatory response and production of superoxide anions in the lung more effectively than pirfenidone. Superoxides 90-107 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 22280420-9 2012 Role of cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-17 or IL-6 and their links to superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production are discussed. Superoxides 70-80 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 46-50 22380651-9 2012 The O(2) (-) production was stimulated with phorbol-12-13-dibutyrate and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and measured by superoxide dismutase inhibitable reduction of ferricytochrome c. RESULTS: Aliphatic alcohols of illegally produced spirits inhibited the FMLP-induced O(2) (-) production in a concentration dependent manner. Superoxides 4-12 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 114-118 22380651-9 2012 The O(2) (-) production was stimulated with phorbol-12-13-dibutyrate and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and measured by superoxide dismutase inhibitable reduction of ferricytochrome c. RESULTS: Aliphatic alcohols of illegally produced spirits inhibited the FMLP-induced O(2) (-) production in a concentration dependent manner. Superoxides 4-12 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 273-277 22380651-11 2012 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Aliphatic alcohols found in illegally produced spirits can inhibit FMLP-induced O(2) (-) production by granulocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. Superoxides 107-115 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 94-98 22687340-7 2012 As a proof-of-principle of the detrimental role of superoxide scavenging when mGSH was depleted transgenic mice overexpressing SOD2 exhibited enhanced susceptibility to MCD-mediated SH. Superoxides 51-61 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 127-131 23073791-7 2012 In vitro superoxide generation in HAECs was detected by DHE staining after administration of TNF-alpha. Superoxides 9-19 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 93-102 23073791-10 2012 In vitro TNF-alpha increased superoxide production and p47(phox) expression in HAECs, and such increases could be ameliorated by the specific PKC-zeta inhibitor. Superoxides 29-39 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 9-18 23073791-11 2012 Our findings suggest that superoxide over-production triggered by PKC-zeta-dependent NADPH oxidase activation contributes to TNF-alpha-induced endothelial dysfunction. Superoxides 26-36 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 125-134 22823229-2 2012 We have previously reported that transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) released by hippocampal cells modulates interferon-gamma (IFNgamma)-induced production of O(2) (-) and NO by glial cells. Superoxides 167-171 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 33-65 22823229-2 2012 We have previously reported that transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) released by hippocampal cells modulates interferon-gamma (IFNgamma)-induced production of O(2) (-) and NO by glial cells. Superoxides 167-171 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 67-75 22823229-2 2012 We have previously reported that transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) released by hippocampal cells modulates interferon-gamma (IFNgamma)-induced production of O(2) (-) and NO by glial cells. Superoxides 167-171 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 117-133 22823229-2 2012 We have previously reported that transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1) released by hippocampal cells modulates interferon-gamma (IFNgamma)-induced production of O(2) (-) and NO by glial cells. Superoxides 167-171 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 135-143 22823229-4 2012 We found that costimulation with TGFbeta1 decreased IFNgamma-induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-type-1 (STAT1) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which correlated with a reduced O(2) (-) and NO production in mixed and purified glial cultures. Superoxides 233-237 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 33-41 22823229-4 2012 We found that costimulation with TGFbeta1 decreased IFNgamma-induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-type-1 (STAT1) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which correlated with a reduced O(2) (-) and NO production in mixed and purified glial cultures. Superoxides 233-237 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 52-60 22823229-4 2012 We found that costimulation with TGFbeta1 decreased IFNgamma-induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-type-1 (STAT1) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which correlated with a reduced O(2) (-) and NO production in mixed and purified glial cultures. Superoxides 233-237 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 195-198 22622498-6 2012 AOPPs-induced activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and the excessive generation of intracellular superoxide were largely inhibited by anti-RAGE immunoglobulin G or RAGE siRNA. Superoxides 126-136 advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor Mus musculus 168-172 22622498-6 2012 AOPPs-induced activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and the excessive generation of intracellular superoxide were largely inhibited by anti-RAGE immunoglobulin G or RAGE siRNA. Superoxides 126-136 advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor Mus musculus 193-197 22227007-4 2012 The formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs), the first ligand of RAGE identified, requires a complex series of reactions including nonenzymatic glycation and free radical reactions involving superoxide-radicals and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 203-222 advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor Mus musculus 77-81 22835814-13 2012 SOA formation in the presence of Ang II was also inhibited in the presence of SOD (superoxide scavenger), DPI (NADPH inhibitor) and losartan (specific AT(1) receptor antagonist). Superoxides 83-93 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 33-39 22829592-8 2012 These results demonstrate that Fe(2+)-generated O(2)() mediates p21(ras) and TAK1 activation via PTP inhibition and Lys(63)-polyUb of TRAF6 in caveosomes for proinflammatory M1 activation in HM. Superoxides 48-52 protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 1 Rattus norvegicus 97-100 22333037-9 2012 Endothelial nitric oxide synthase may produce both superoxide anion (( )O(2)(-)) and nitric oxide (NO) leading to peroxynitrite (( )ONOO(-)) generation. Superoxides 51-67 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 0-33 22441669-4 2012 Superoxide is potentially damaging, but also triggers mitochondrial cytochrome c release. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 68-80 22796328-3 2012 The superoxide that is produced during normal respiration is primarily detoxified within the mitochondria by superoxide dismutase 2 (Sod2), a key protein for maintaining mitochondrial function. Superoxides 4-14 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 109-131 22796328-3 2012 The superoxide that is produced during normal respiration is primarily detoxified within the mitochondria by superoxide dismutase 2 (Sod2), a key protein for maintaining mitochondrial function. Superoxides 4-14 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 133-137 22805345-1 2012 The renal medullary thick ascending limb (mTAL) of the Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rat is the site of enhanced NaCl reabsorption and excess superoxide production. Superoxides 137-147 talipes Mus musculus 42-46 22728270-0 2012 TG-interacting factor-induced superoxide production from NADPH oxidase contributes to the migration/invasion of urothelial carcinoma. Superoxides 30-40 TGFB induced factor homeobox 1 Homo sapiens 0-21 22728270-7 2012 Overexpression of AKT1 could increase cellular superoxide production and invasion. Superoxides 47-57 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 18-22 22728270-8 2012 Moreover, by using the PI3K/AKT inhibitor wortmannin or shRNA of AKT1, the TGIF-induced Nox activation and superoxide production were significantly inhibited. Superoxides 107-117 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 28-31 22728270-8 2012 Moreover, by using the PI3K/AKT inhibitor wortmannin or shRNA of AKT1, the TGIF-induced Nox activation and superoxide production were significantly inhibited. Superoxides 107-117 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 65-69 22728270-8 2012 Moreover, by using the PI3K/AKT inhibitor wortmannin or shRNA of AKT1, the TGIF-induced Nox activation and superoxide production were significantly inhibited. Superoxides 107-117 TGFB induced factor homeobox 1 Homo sapiens 75-79 22728270-9 2012 Accordingly, we suggest that PI3K/AKT signaling mediates TGIF-induced Nox2/p67(phox) complex activation and the resultant superoxide production which reinforces the PI3K/AKT signaling to promote the cellular migration/invasion ability of UC. Superoxides 122-132 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 34-37 22728270-9 2012 Accordingly, we suggest that PI3K/AKT signaling mediates TGIF-induced Nox2/p67(phox) complex activation and the resultant superoxide production which reinforces the PI3K/AKT signaling to promote the cellular migration/invasion ability of UC. Superoxides 122-132 TGFB induced factor homeobox 1 Homo sapiens 57-61 22728270-9 2012 Accordingly, we suggest that PI3K/AKT signaling mediates TGIF-induced Nox2/p67(phox) complex activation and the resultant superoxide production which reinforces the PI3K/AKT signaling to promote the cellular migration/invasion ability of UC. Superoxides 122-132 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 75-78 22728270-9 2012 Accordingly, we suggest that PI3K/AKT signaling mediates TGIF-induced Nox2/p67(phox) complex activation and the resultant superoxide production which reinforces the PI3K/AKT signaling to promote the cellular migration/invasion ability of UC. Superoxides 122-132 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 170-173 22687918-2 2012 Mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a critical antioxidant protein that scavenges the highly reactive superoxide radical. Superoxides 122-140 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 14-44 22687918-2 2012 Mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a critical antioxidant protein that scavenges the highly reactive superoxide radical. Superoxides 122-140 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 46-51 22753205-5 2012 Accordingly, Ang II increases vascular superoxide production, reduces endothelium-dependent vasodilation, and increases vasoconstriction in mesenteric arteries to a greater extent in Atox1(-/-) than in wild-type mice. Superoxides 39-49 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 13-19 22906169-4 2012 Treatment of activated neutrophils with either FMLP or PMA resulted in significantly decreased reactivity of superoxide in the setting of increased formation of H2O2 and MPO-mediated iodination, with no detectable effects on either oxygen consumption or MPO release. Superoxides 109-119 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 170-173 22931670-2 2012 Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the new isolated neutrophil; the superoxide anion output was detected indirectly by cytochrome C reduction in respiratory burst; the dihydro-rhodamine 123 was used to detect the intensity of respiratory burst; the signal transduction pathways of neutrophil respiratory burst were explored by Western blot. Superoxides 69-85 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 120-132 22931670-3 2012 The results showed that after pretreated with S1P, the level of superoxide anion released by fMLP-activated neutrophils significantly increased; the Rhodamine 123 mean fluorescence intensity in S1P primed fMLP-activated neutrophils group was significantly higher than that in fMLP treatment group; PI3K and Akt proteins involved in the signal pathway of neutrophil respiratory burst. Superoxides 64-80 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 93-97 22931670-3 2012 The results showed that after pretreated with S1P, the level of superoxide anion released by fMLP-activated neutrophils significantly increased; the Rhodamine 123 mean fluorescence intensity in S1P primed fMLP-activated neutrophils group was significantly higher than that in fMLP treatment group; PI3K and Akt proteins involved in the signal pathway of neutrophil respiratory burst. Superoxides 64-80 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 205-209 22931670-3 2012 The results showed that after pretreated with S1P, the level of superoxide anion released by fMLP-activated neutrophils significantly increased; the Rhodamine 123 mean fluorescence intensity in S1P primed fMLP-activated neutrophils group was significantly higher than that in fMLP treatment group; PI3K and Akt proteins involved in the signal pathway of neutrophil respiratory burst. Superoxides 64-80 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 205-209 22484311-0 2012 5-Hydroxy-7-methoxyflavone inhibits N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine-induced superoxide anion production by specific modulate membrane localization of Tec with a PI3K independent mechanism in human neutrophils. Superoxides 90-106 tec protein tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 164-167 22484311-5 2012 Briefly, MCL-1 specific inhibited fMLP-induced superoxide anion production in a concentration-dependent (IC(50)=0.16+-0.01 muM) and Tec kinase-dependent manner, however, MCL-1 did not affect fMLP-induced cathepsin G release. Superoxides 47-63 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 34-38 22510373-6 2012 Via GR, relaxin attenuated the TNF-related stimulation of endothelin-1 expression, superoxide and nitrotyrosine formation, and arginase II expression. Superoxides 83-93 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 31-34 22519881-6 2012 Accordingly, ablation of Akt with siRNA further enhanced the inhibitory effects of GW501516 in Ang II-induced superoxide production. Superoxides 110-120 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 25-28 22628375-8 2012 In WT mice, Ang II increased basal and phorbol-dibutyrate-stimulated superoxide production in the cerebrovasculature, and these increases were abolished in Nox2(-/y) mice. Superoxides 69-79 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 12-18 22575763-6 2012 Infusion of Ang-II for 7days induced cardiac hypertrophy, increased collagen content, and upregulated CIKS mRNA and protein expression in WT mice, whereas cardiac hypertrophy and collagen deposition were markedly attenuated in the CIKS-null mice, despite a similar increase in systolic blood pressure and DPI-inhibitable superoxide generation in both types of animals. Superoxides 321-331 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 12-18 22609206-3 2012 The endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) reduced superoxide formation in platelets identifying "uncoupled" eNOS as a superoxide source. Superoxides 107-117 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 4-37 22609206-3 2012 The endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) reduced superoxide formation in platelets identifying "uncoupled" eNOS as a superoxide source. Superoxides 175-185 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 4-37 22410002-7 2012 Accordingly, the new inhibitor reduced neutrophil activation with FPR1 agonists, leading to mobilization of adhesion molecules (CR3) and the generation of superoxide anion from the neutrophil NADPH-oxidase. Superoxides 155-171 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 66-70 22469513-0 2012 Mitochondrial superoxide mediates doxorubicin-induced keratinocyte apoptosis through oxidative modification of ERK and Bcl-2 ubiquitination. Superoxides 14-24 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 111-114 22469513-0 2012 Mitochondrial superoxide mediates doxorubicin-induced keratinocyte apoptosis through oxidative modification of ERK and Bcl-2 ubiquitination. Superoxides 14-24 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 119-124 22469513-6 2012 The mechanism by which superoxide mediates the apoptotic effect of DOX was shown to involve downregulation of Bcl-2 through ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation. Superoxides 23-33 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 110-115 22469513-7 2012 Superoxide induces dephosphorylation of Bcl-2 through MAP kinase ERK1/2 inactivation, which promotes ubiquitination of Bcl-2. Superoxides 0-10 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 40-45 22469513-7 2012 Superoxide induces dephosphorylation of Bcl-2 through MAP kinase ERK1/2 inactivation, which promotes ubiquitination of Bcl-2. Superoxides 0-10 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 65-71 22469513-7 2012 Superoxide induces dephosphorylation of Bcl-2 through MAP kinase ERK1/2 inactivation, which promotes ubiquitination of Bcl-2. Superoxides 0-10 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 119-124 22613204-5 2012 Exogenous CuZnSOD completely abolished the EPR-derived GM+R signal in mitochondria isolated from both genotypes, evidence that confirms mitochondrial superoxide release. Superoxides 150-160 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 10-17 22260450-7 2012 Klotho gene expression also significantly attenuated the angiotensin II (AngII)-induced superoxide production, oxidative damage, and apoptosis. Superoxides 88-98 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 57-71 22260450-7 2012 Klotho gene expression also significantly attenuated the angiotensin II (AngII)-induced superoxide production, oxidative damage, and apoptosis. Superoxides 88-98 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 73-78 22260450-12 2012 Klotho not only downregulated Nox2 protein expression and intracellular superoxide production but also attenuated AngII-induced superoxide production, oxidative damage, and apoptosis. Superoxides 128-138 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 114-119 22411528-3 2012 However, phosphatidylserine externalization is a relatively late step in apoptosis, and it is possible that the superoxide burst is not an early axotomy signal but rather a result of cytochrome c release from the mitochondrial inner membrane with consequent accumulation of reduced intermediates. Superoxides 112-122 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 183-195 22411528-4 2012 Other possibilities are that both superoxide generation and cytochrome c release are induced in parallel by axotomy, or that cytochrome c release potentiates the effect of the superoxide burst. Superoxides 176-186 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 125-137 22411528-6 2012 Based on this model of factor-dependent cell death, superoxide precedes, and possibly potentiates, cytochrome c release, and thus the former is likely an early signal for certain types of neuronal apoptosis in the central nervous system. Superoxides 52-62 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 99-111 22532027-9 2012 Conversely, ATO-induced NADPH oxidase activation and superoxide generation could be inhibited by the c-Src inhibitor PP1, but not by the EGFR inhibitor PD153035. Superoxides 53-63 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 101-106 22532027-9 2012 Conversely, ATO-induced NADPH oxidase activation and superoxide generation could be inhibited by the c-Src inhibitor PP1, but not by the EGFR inhibitor PD153035. Superoxides 53-63 neuropeptide Y receptor Y4 Homo sapiens 117-120 22499563-3 2012 Among the isolates, compounds 1-3, 5, (+)-pinoresinol (6), and betulinic acid (12) exhibited inhibition (IC50 <= 4.41 microM) of superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils in response to formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB). Superoxides 132-148 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 256-260 22465246-9 2012 These findings suggest that Ang II-NADPH oxidase-superoxide signaling chronically regulates the protein expression of the HCN channels in rat nodose neurons. Superoxides 49-59 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 28-34 22330068-14 2012 In conclusion, IOZ treatment induces Rap1 activation and phosphorylation of RhoA, which in turn cause Rac1 activation and promote Rac1 translocation to the membrane leading to binding with p22(phox) that activates NADPH oxidase and produces superoxide. Superoxides 241-251 dynein cytoplasmic 1 heavy chain 1 Mus musculus 189-192 22344792-2 2012 Motoneuron damage in the facial nuclei after facial nerve avulsion is accelerated in presymptomatic transgenic rats expressing human mutant Cu(2+) /Zn(2+) superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), compared with that in wild-type rats. Superoxides 155-165 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 179-183 22354161-6 2012 Investigation of the antioxidative properties showed that the polymeric Co(II) complex has a strong radical scavenging potency against hydroxyl radicals, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals, nitric oxide and superoxide anion radicals. Superoxides 211-236 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 72-78 22497828-10 2012 To define the role of AT1-mediated PKC/NOX-derived superoxide generation in alcohol-induced cardiotoxicity, mice with knockout of the AT1 gene and wild-type mice were simultaneously treated with alcohol for 2 months. Superoxides 51-61 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Mus musculus 22-25 22235113-10 2012 Specific subfractions made superoxide in the presence of NADPH by cell-free assay (cytochrome c). Superoxides 27-37 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 83-95 22362050-13 2012 The increased iNOS expression was correlated with increased expression of superoxide scavenger MnSOD. Superoxides 74-84 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 14-18 22082048-8 2012 This shows that H2O2 can activate NADPH oxidase, leading to O2 - production, followed by ERK activation and ultimately resulting in the differentiation of HL-60 cells. Superoxides 18-20 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 89-92 22222766-0 2012 A superoxide-mediated mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 degradation and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase activation pathway for luteolin-induced lung cancer cytotoxicity. Superoxides 2-12 dual specificity phosphatase 1 Homo sapiens 22-68 22222766-4 2012 The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was potently activated after superoxide accumulation. Superoxides 63-73 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 4-27 22222766-4 2012 The c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) was potently activated after superoxide accumulation. Superoxides 63-73 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 29-32 22222766-5 2012 Suppression of superoxide completely blocked luteolin-induced JNK activation, which was well correlated to alleviation of luteolin"s cytotoxicity. Superoxides 15-25 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 62-65 22222766-7 2012 We further found that luteolin triggers a superoxide-dependent rapid degradation of the JNK-inactivating phosphatase mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1). Superoxides 42-52 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 88-91 22222766-7 2012 We further found that luteolin triggers a superoxide-dependent rapid degradation of the JNK-inactivating phosphatase mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1). Superoxides 42-52 dual specificity phosphatase 1 Homo sapiens 117-163 22222766-7 2012 We further found that luteolin triggers a superoxide-dependent rapid degradation of the JNK-inactivating phosphatase mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1). Superoxides 42-52 dual specificity phosphatase 1 Homo sapiens 165-170 22574436-11 2012 With respect to the anti-inflammatory activity, compounds 15 and 16 (each 10 microg/mL) inhibited superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils in response to fMLP/CB by 92.0% and 87.3%, respectively. Superoxides 98-114 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 162-166 22392142-0 2012 NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide destabilizes lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin 8 mRNA via p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase, and the destabilizing factor tristetraprolin. Superoxides 22-32 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 73-86 22392142-0 2012 NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide destabilizes lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin 8 mRNA via p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase, and the destabilizing factor tristetraprolin. Superoxides 22-32 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 96-99 22392142-2 2012 We previously showed that NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide induces inflammatory mediators in response to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Superoxides 48-58 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 105-132 22392142-2 2012 We previously showed that NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide induces inflammatory mediators in response to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Superoxides 48-58 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 134-143 22405822-4 2012 Pretreatment of the cells with either candesartan (a selective Ang II type 1 receptor [AT(1)R] antagonist) or Tempol (a cell-permeable superoxide scavenger) significantly inhibited Ang II-induced DNA synthesis. Superoxides 135-145 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 181-187 22292618-4 2012 The system is composed of superoxide dismutase (SOD) conjugated to oxidation-sensitive amphiphilic polysulfide/PEG block copolymers; the conjugate combines the SOD reactivity toward superoxide with that of hydrophobic thioethers toward hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 26-36 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 48-51 22292618-4 2012 The system is composed of superoxide dismutase (SOD) conjugated to oxidation-sensitive amphiphilic polysulfide/PEG block copolymers; the conjugate combines the SOD reactivity toward superoxide with that of hydrophobic thioethers toward hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 26-36 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 160-163 22292618-5 2012 Specifically, here we have demonstrated how this hybrid system can efficiently convert superoxide into hydrogen peroxide, which is then "mopped-up" by the polysulfides: this modus operandi is functionally analogous to the SOD/catalase combination, with the advantages of (a) being based on a single and more stable system, and (b) a higher overall efficiency due the physical proximity of the two ROS-reactive centers (SOD and polysulfides). Superoxides 87-97 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 222-225 22292618-5 2012 Specifically, here we have demonstrated how this hybrid system can efficiently convert superoxide into hydrogen peroxide, which is then "mopped-up" by the polysulfides: this modus operandi is functionally analogous to the SOD/catalase combination, with the advantages of (a) being based on a single and more stable system, and (b) a higher overall efficiency due the physical proximity of the two ROS-reactive centers (SOD and polysulfides). Superoxides 87-97 catalase Homo sapiens 226-234 22292618-5 2012 Specifically, here we have demonstrated how this hybrid system can efficiently convert superoxide into hydrogen peroxide, which is then "mopped-up" by the polysulfides: this modus operandi is functionally analogous to the SOD/catalase combination, with the advantages of (a) being based on a single and more stable system, and (b) a higher overall efficiency due the physical proximity of the two ROS-reactive centers (SOD and polysulfides). Superoxides 87-97 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 419-422 22215724-6 2012 Conversely, in hypoxic animals and cell cultures activation of CD47 by TSP1 disrupts this constitutive interaction, promoting eNOS-dependent superoxide production, oxidative stress, and PAH. Superoxides 141-151 thrombospondin 1 Homo sapiens 71-75 22227335-13 2012 In summary, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion-derived from endothelial NAD(P)H oxidase mediate the hyperreactivity to angiotensin II in type I-diabetic rat carotid, involving the participation of cyclooxygenase-1 and Rho-kinase. Superoxides 52-68 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 141-155 22304816-0 2012 A superoxide anion biosensor based on direct electron transfer of superoxide dismutase on sodium alginate sol-gel film and its application to monitoring of living cells. Superoxides 2-18 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 66-86 22304816-3 2012 Based on bimolecular recognition for specific reactivity of SOD/SA toward O(2)( -), the SOD modified electrode was utilized to measure O(2)( -) with good analytical performance, such as low applied potential (0 V), high selectivity (no obvious interference), wide linear range (0.44-229.88 muM) and low detection limit (0.23 muM) in pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution. Superoxides 74-78 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 60-63 22304816-3 2012 Based on bimolecular recognition for specific reactivity of SOD/SA toward O(2)( -), the SOD modified electrode was utilized to measure O(2)( -) with good analytical performance, such as low applied potential (0 V), high selectivity (no obvious interference), wide linear range (0.44-229.88 muM) and low detection limit (0.23 muM) in pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution. Superoxides 74-78 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 88-91 22304816-3 2012 Based on bimolecular recognition for specific reactivity of SOD/SA toward O(2)( -), the SOD modified electrode was utilized to measure O(2)( -) with good analytical performance, such as low applied potential (0 V), high selectivity (no obvious interference), wide linear range (0.44-229.88 muM) and low detection limit (0.23 muM) in pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution. Superoxides 135-139 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 60-63 22304816-3 2012 Based on bimolecular recognition for specific reactivity of SOD/SA toward O(2)( -), the SOD modified electrode was utilized to measure O(2)( -) with good analytical performance, such as low applied potential (0 V), high selectivity (no obvious interference), wide linear range (0.44-229.88 muM) and low detection limit (0.23 muM) in pH 7.0 phosphate buffer solution. Superoxides 135-139 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 88-91 22210751-10 2012 NAD(P)H oxidase activity and superoxide production by lucigenin chemiluminescence were significantly increased in skeletal muscle from ANG II mice. Superoxides 29-39 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 135-141 22130631-1 2012 BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) converts superoxide anion into H(2)O(2), which is neutralized sequentially by either catalase (CAT) or glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx 1) into water or converted into highly reactive hypochlorous acid by myeloperoxidase (MPO). Superoxides 74-90 catalase Homo sapiens 150-158 22130631-1 2012 BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) converts superoxide anion into H(2)O(2), which is neutralized sequentially by either catalase (CAT) or glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx 1) into water or converted into highly reactive hypochlorous acid by myeloperoxidase (MPO). Superoxides 74-90 catalase Homo sapiens 160-163 22130631-1 2012 BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) converts superoxide anion into H(2)O(2), which is neutralized sequentially by either catalase (CAT) or glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx 1) into water or converted into highly reactive hypochlorous acid by myeloperoxidase (MPO). Superoxides 74-90 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 267-282 22130631-1 2012 BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) converts superoxide anion into H(2)O(2), which is neutralized sequentially by either catalase (CAT) or glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx 1) into water or converted into highly reactive hypochlorous acid by myeloperoxidase (MPO). Superoxides 74-90 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 284-287 22422532-4 2012 Pharmacological studies revealed that compound 3 exhibited significant activities on superoxide-anion generation and elastase release by human neutrophils in response to FMLP/CB. Superoxides 85-95 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 170-174 22108198-7 2012 Interleukin-10 knockout mice colonized with superoxide-producing E faecalis developed inflammation and colorectal cancer, whereas colonization with a superoxide-deficient strain resulted in inflammation but not cancer. Superoxides 44-54 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 0-14 22178681-6 2012 fMLP- and PMA-induced tyrosyl or serine/threonine phosphorylation, and fMLP-, PMA- and AA-induced translocation of p67(phox), p47(phox) and Rac to plasma membrane were in parallel with the suppression of the stimulus-induced superoxide generation. Superoxides 225-235 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 22178681-6 2012 fMLP- and PMA-induced tyrosyl or serine/threonine phosphorylation, and fMLP-, PMA- and AA-induced translocation of p67(phox), p47(phox) and Rac to plasma membrane were in parallel with the suppression of the stimulus-induced superoxide generation. Superoxides 225-235 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 71-75 22178681-6 2012 fMLP- and PMA-induced tyrosyl or serine/threonine phosphorylation, and fMLP-, PMA- and AA-induced translocation of p67(phox), p47(phox) and Rac to plasma membrane were in parallel with the suppression of the stimulus-induced superoxide generation. Superoxides 225-235 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 115-118 22213462-13 2012 These findings suggest that the superoxide anion-MEK-ERK-MLCK-MLC signaling mediates IS-induced junctional dispersal of BPAECs. Superoxides 32-48 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 Homo sapiens 49-52 22213462-13 2012 These findings suggest that the superoxide anion-MEK-ERK-MLCK-MLC signaling mediates IS-induced junctional dispersal of BPAECs. Superoxides 32-48 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 53-56 22213462-13 2012 These findings suggest that the superoxide anion-MEK-ERK-MLCK-MLC signaling mediates IS-induced junctional dispersal of BPAECs. Superoxides 32-48 modulator of VRAC current 1 Homo sapiens 57-60 21745193-11 2012 CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: In human monocyte/macrophages, monocyte-derived MPs exert an autocrine activation that was modulated by PPARgamma ligands, inducing both pro-inflammatory (superoxide anion production, cytokine release and NF-kappaB activation) and anti-inflammatory (PPARgamma expression) effects. Superoxides 184-200 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Homo sapiens 133-142 22212735-6 2012 In the following step, the electron transfer from Lum (-) to O(2) regenerates Lum and forms the superoxide anion (O(2) (-)), which undergoes disproportionation into H(2)O(2) and O(2). Superoxides 96-112 lumican Homo sapiens 50-53 22212735-6 2012 In the following step, the electron transfer from Lum (-) to O(2) regenerates Lum and forms the superoxide anion (O(2) (-)), which undergoes disproportionation into H(2)O(2) and O(2). Superoxides 96-112 lumican Homo sapiens 78-81 21900685-1 2012 Copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD, SOD1) is one of the major antioxidant enzymes, and is localized in the cytoplasm to scavenge superoxide. Superoxides 12-22 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 34-42 21900685-1 2012 Copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD, SOD1) is one of the major antioxidant enzymes, and is localized in the cytoplasm to scavenge superoxide. Superoxides 12-22 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 44-48 21900450-10 2012 In SHR, NOS was uncoupled as incubation of proximal tubules with ANG II and l-arginine, a NOS substrate, caused superoxide generation only in SHR and not in WKY rats. Superoxides 112-122 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 65-71 22293492-4 2012 2,5,6,7-Tetramethoxyflavan (1) showed a potent inhibitory effect on superoxide anion production in formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP)/cytochalasin B (CB)-activated human neutrophils. Superoxides 68-84 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 144-148 22064362-8 2012 Activation of AMPK, a cellular metabolic sensor, and its downstream target ACC by low glucose concentration was largely inhibited by addition of MnTBAP, a MnSOD and catalase mimetic that also totally suppressed superoxide production. Superoxides 211-221 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 14-18 22064362-9 2012 Taken together, the data show that low glucose activates AMPK in a superoxide-dependent, AMP-independent way. Superoxides 67-77 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Rattus norvegicus 57-61 22084200-3 2012 For example, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1), which destroys free superoxide radicals in the body, undergoes a large conformational transition from an "open" state (apo structure) to a "closed" state (holo structure). Superoxides 25-35 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 47-51 23455484-3 2013 Here lysine mutagenesis of the distal surface (i.e., of exposed residues around the Met80 axial ligand) of human cytochrome c was pursued to evaluate the effect of the surface charges on the reaction rate with the superoxide anion radical and on the redox properties of the heme protein. Superoxides 214-238 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 113-125 23465059-0 2013 Low-dose gamma irradiation enhances superoxide anion production by nonirradiated cells through TGF-beta1-dependent bystander signaling. Superoxides 36-52 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 95-104 23465059-6 2013 A kinetic analysis demonstrated that the enhanced superoxide anion production was substantially reduced before the release of the bystander signal by activated TGF-beta. Superoxides 50-66 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 160-168 23317476-5 2013 Both IRW and IQW exhibited antioxidant effects as shown by reduction of TNF-induced superoxide generation. Superoxides 84-94 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 72-75 23329142-1 2013 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is the only enzyme that removes superoxide radical in the extracellular space. Superoxides 76-94 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 36-42 23200808-3 2013 As the activation of both types of ET-1 receptor (ETA and ETB) leads to increased generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, this may contribute to the severe oxidative stress found in PH patients. Superoxides 96-106 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 35-39 23200808-3 2013 As the activation of both types of ET-1 receptor (ETA and ETB) leads to increased generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, this may contribute to the severe oxidative stress found in PH patients. Superoxides 96-106 endothelin receptor type B Homo sapiens 58-61 23314732-0 2013 Hydrogen peroxide induces cell death in human TRAIL-resistant melanoma through intracellular superoxide generation. Superoxides 105-115 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 46-51 23328933-5 2013 The generation of superoxide which is dismutated to hydrogen peroxide upregulates the intracellular toll like receptors (TLR) 7 and 8, and leads to robust production of inflammatory cytokines. Superoxides 18-28 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 121-124 22881869-6 2013 MPO has many substrates, but its main phagosomal reactions should be to dismutate superoxide and, provided adequate chloride, catalyze efficient conversion of hydrogen peroxide to hypochlorous acid (HOCl). Superoxides 82-92 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 0-3 23319734-0 2013 Mitochondrial superoxide generation enhances P2X7R-mediated loss of cell surface CD62L on naive human CD4+ T lymphocytes. Superoxides 14-24 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 102-105 23195678-2 2013 Our laboratory has demonstrated that manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), a major mitochondrial antioxidant that eliminates superoxide, is inactivated during renal transplantation and renal I/R and precedes development of renal failure. Superoxides 47-57 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 69-74 23220724-3 2013 We hypothesize that aldosterone enhances O(2)(-) production in the MD mediated by protein kinase C (PKC), which buffers the effect of NO in control of TGF response. Superoxides 41-45 protein kinase C, alpha Mus musculus 100-103 23220724-9 2013 To determine if PKC is involved in aldosterone-induced O(2)(-) production, we exposed the O(2)(-) cells to a nonselective PKC inhibitor chelerythrine chloride, a specific PKCalpha inhibitor Go6976, or a PKCalpha siRNA, and the aldosterone-induced increase in O(2)(-) production was blocked. Superoxides 55-62 protein kinase C, alpha Mus musculus 16-19 23220724-9 2013 To determine if PKC is involved in aldosterone-induced O(2)(-) production, we exposed the O(2)(-) cells to a nonselective PKC inhibitor chelerythrine chloride, a specific PKCalpha inhibitor Go6976, or a PKCalpha siRNA, and the aldosterone-induced increase in O(2)(-) production was blocked. Superoxides 55-59 protein kinase C, alpha Mus musculus 16-19 23220724-10 2013 These data indicate that aldosterone-stimulated O(2)(-) production in the MD buffers the effect of NO in control of TGF response, an effect that was mediated by PKCalpha. Superoxides 48-52 protein kinase C, alpha Mus musculus 161-169 23276447-1 2013 Formyl-Met-Leu-Phe-OH (fMLP) binds to formyl peptide receptors, FPR1 and FPR2, and evokes migration and superoxide anion production in human neutrophils. Superoxides 104-120 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-21 23276447-1 2013 Formyl-Met-Leu-Phe-OH (fMLP) binds to formyl peptide receptors, FPR1 and FPR2, and evokes migration and superoxide anion production in human neutrophils. Superoxides 104-120 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 23-27 23205777-8 2013 Further studies using catalase indicate that it was H2O2 instead of superoxide anion that was responsible for DLDH inactivation. Superoxides 68-84 dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 110-114 24024135-1 2013 Superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) controls the level of superoxide in the extracellular space by catalyzing the dismutation of superoxide into hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. Superoxides 52-62 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 22-28 24024135-1 2013 Superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) controls the level of superoxide in the extracellular space by catalyzing the dismutation of superoxide into hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. Superoxides 123-133 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 22-28 23245897-0 2013 A novel amperometric biosensor for superoxide anion based on superoxide dismutase immobilized on gold nanoparticle-chitosan-ionic liquid biocomposite film. Superoxides 35-51 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 61-81 23245897-1 2013 A novel superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) biosensor is proposed based on the immobilization of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD) in a gold nanoparticle-chitosan-ionic liquid (GNPs-CS-IL) biocomposite film. Superoxides 8-24 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 100-120 23245897-1 2013 A novel superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) biosensor is proposed based on the immobilization of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD) in a gold nanoparticle-chitosan-ionic liquid (GNPs-CS-IL) biocomposite film. Superoxides 8-24 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 122-125 23245897-1 2013 A novel superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) biosensor is proposed based on the immobilization of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD) in a gold nanoparticle-chitosan-ionic liquid (GNPs-CS-IL) biocomposite film. Superoxides 26-31 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 100-120 23086992-3 2013 ANG II, which is elevated in hypertension, has been reported to trigger the production of superoxide and other reactive oxygen species. Superoxides 90-100 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-6 24351550-7 2013 Excess CHOP expression, by itself, induced superoxide production and apoptosis. Superoxides 43-53 DNA damage inducible transcript 3 Homo sapiens 7-11 23811556-3 2013 In vitro, a variety of aconitase-inhibitors, such as fluorocitrate, cyanide ion, ferricyanide ([Fe(CN)6]), and various oxidants including superoxide anion, inhibited the activity of m-aconitase even in the presence of Fe(II), whereas a NO-donor, nitroprusside (SNP) ([Fe(CN)5NO]), was the only agent that significantly increased activity of that enzyme. Superoxides 138-154 aconitase 2 Homo sapiens 182-193 24161906-6 2013 In cultured cardiofibroblasts, exposure to AngII (100 nmol/L) for 30 min resulted in marked increases in superoxide production and expression of CTGF, FKN and phosphorylated ERK1/2, which were strikingly prevented by recombinant human ACE2 (rhACE2; 1mg/ml) and the CTGF-neutralizing antibody (5 mug/ml), but were aggravated by ACE2 inhibitor DX600 (0.5 mumol/L). Superoxides 105-115 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 43-48 24489577-8 2013 Compared to spontaneous release, superoxide release was stimulated by IFN- gamma and TGF- beta in normoglycemic and diabetic groups. Superoxides 33-43 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 70-80 24489577-8 2013 Compared to spontaneous release, superoxide release was stimulated by IFN- gamma and TGF- beta in normoglycemic and diabetic groups. Superoxides 33-43 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 85-94 23865358-7 2013 IMD also significantly inhibited ET1-induced increases in cardiomyocyte size and superoxide generation. Superoxides 81-91 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 33-36 23751520-0 2013 Nox4-generated superoxide drives angiotensin II-induced neural stem cell proliferation. Superoxides 15-25 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 33-47 23751520-7 2013 SiRNA targeting of Nox4 mRNA reduced both the constitutive and Ang II-induced Nox4 protein levels and attenuated Ang II-driven increases in superoxide levels and stem cell proliferation. Superoxides 140-150 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 113-119 23751520-8 2013 Our findings are consistent with our hypothesis that Ang II-induced proliferation of neural stem cells occurs via Nox4-generated superoxide, suggesting that an Ang II/Nox4 axis is an important regulator of neural stem cell self-renewal and as such may fine-tune normal, stress- or disease-modifying neurogenesis. Superoxides 129-139 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 53-59 23751520-8 2013 Our findings are consistent with our hypothesis that Ang II-induced proliferation of neural stem cells occurs via Nox4-generated superoxide, suggesting that an Ang II/Nox4 axis is an important regulator of neural stem cell self-renewal and as such may fine-tune normal, stress- or disease-modifying neurogenesis. Superoxides 129-139 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 160-166 23478273-1 2013 BACKGROUND: Superoxide dismutase (SOD), an antioxidant acting against superoxide (oxygen radical, O(2)( -)), it is released in inflammatory pathways and causes connective tissue breakdown. Superoxides 98-102 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 34-37 22750422-3 2013 In Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, Ang II infusion (0.1 mug min(-1) kg(-1)) induced a pressor response, activation of NADPH oxidase and generation of superoxide in the heart, kidney and blood vessels; these effects were significantly blunted by recombinant human ACE2 (rhACE2; 2 mg kg(-1)), in association with a lowering of plasma Ang II and elevation of Ang-(1-7) levels. Superoxides 143-153 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 28-34 23441482-6 2013 An increased ability to release superoxide anion by the studied PMNs was observed, which decreased after ERK1/2 pathway inhibition. Superoxides 32-48 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 105-111 24567847-0 2013 Angiotensin II-Superoxide Signaling and Arterial Baroreceptor Function in Type-1 Diabetes Mellitus. Superoxides 15-25 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-14 24567847-7 2013 The alterations of the HCN channels are regulated by angiotensin II-NADPH oxidase-superoxide signaling in the aortic baroreceptor neurons. Superoxides 82-92 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 53-67 22417122-2 2013 All compounds showed inhibitory effect on fMLP-induced superoxide generation in a concentration-dependent manner with the following order: BM>LA>GE. Superoxides 55-65 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 42-46 23160901-17 2013 Down-regulation of the PPARgamma-signaling pathway may lead to increased superoxide production, resulting in pulmonary vascular dysfunction and contributing to pulmonary hypertension in the nitrofen-induced CDH model. Superoxides 73-83 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Homo sapiens 23-32 22871094-3 2013 The aim of our study was to explain the effect of superoxide anion radicals ([Formula: see text]) production on hemostatic properties of blood platelets (activated by a strong physiological agonist - thrombin) from breast cancer patients before the surgery, after the surgery, and after various phases (I-IV) of chemotherapy (doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide). Superoxides 50-75 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 200-208 23472139-6 2013 The AGEs-stimulated Akt activation was blocked by a PI3-kinase inhibitor LY 294002, Src inhibitor PP2, an antioxidant NAC, superoxide scavenger Tiron, or nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)H) oxidase inhibitor DPI, suggesting the involvement of Src and NAD(P)H oxidase in the activation of PI3-kinase-Akt pathway by AGEs. Superoxides 123-133 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 20-23 23087362-3 2012 METHODS AND RESULTS: Nanomolar concentrations of TSP1 found in human vascular disease robustly stimulated superoxide (O(2)( -)) levels in vascular smooth muscle cells at both cellular and tissue level as measured by cytochrome c and electron paramagnetic resonance. Superoxides 118-122 thrombospondin 1 Homo sapiens 49-53 23001375-0 2012 Enhanced phosphoinositide 3-kinase(p110alpha) activity prevents diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy and superoxide generation in a mouse model of diabetes. Superoxides 100-110 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha Mus musculus 35-44 23001375-9 2012 Protection in diabetic caPI3K mice was associated with attenuation of left ventricular superoxide generation, attenuated Anp, Bnp, PKCbeta2, Ask1 and p22 ( phox ) expression, and elevated AKT. Superoxides 87-97 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha Mus musculus 23-29 23001375-10 2012 Further, in cardiomyocyte-like cells, increased PI3K(p110alpha) activity suppressed high glucose-induced superoxide generation and enhanced mitochondrial function. Superoxides 105-115 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha Mus musculus 53-62 22632894-8 2012 The present results demonstrate that deficiency of SOD1, but not SOD3, increases renal superoxide in the setting of diabetes and causes overt renal injury in nephropathy-resistant diabetic mice, and that SOD3 deficiency does not provide additive effects on the severity of DN in SOD1-deficient C57BL/6-Akita mice. Superoxides 87-97 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 51-55 22758933-10 2012 Exposure to superoxide increases expression of SOD2 in an Akt-dependent manner and regulates CPC survival during oxidative stress. Superoxides 12-22 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 58-61 23000059-0 2012 Estrogen receptor potentiates mTORC2 signaling in breast cancer cells by upregulating superoxide anions. Superoxides 86-103 estrogen receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-17 23000059-5 2012 We examined a panel of human breast cancer specimens and found that ER-positive breast cancer specimens exhibited a higher incidence of augmented O(2)( -) levels compared to matched normal tissue. Superoxides 146-150 estrogen receptor 1 Homo sapiens 68-70 23000059-8 2012 Detailed investigations using in vitro experiments established that 17beta-estradiol (E2)-stimulated breast cancer cells exhibited transiently upregulated O(2)( -) levels, with the presence of ER being a crucial determinant for the phenomenon to take place. Superoxides 155-159 estrogen receptor 1 Homo sapiens 193-195 23000059-9 2012 Gene expression, ER transactivation, and confocal studies revealed that the E2-induced transient O(2)( -) upregulation was effected by ER through a nongenomic pathway possibly involving mitochondria. Superoxides 97-102 estrogen receptor 1 Homo sapiens 17-19 23000059-9 2012 Gene expression, ER transactivation, and confocal studies revealed that the E2-induced transient O(2)( -) upregulation was effected by ER through a nongenomic pathway possibly involving mitochondria. Superoxides 97-102 estrogen receptor 1 Homo sapiens 135-137 23000059-12 2012 Taken together, our findings unravel a novel nongenomic pathway unique to estrogen-responsive breast cancer cells wherein, upon stimulation by E2, ER may regulate mTORC2 activity in a redox-dependent manner by transiently modulating O(2)( -) levels particularly within mitochondria. Superoxides 233-237 estrogen receptor 1 Homo sapiens 147-149 22964577-11 2012 In summary, our data show that the superoxide-hydrogen peroxide-DNA breakage pathway activates the PAR cycle by PARP-1 and PARG, which serves as a survival mechanism in CSE-exposed cells. Superoxides 35-45 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 112-118 22964577-11 2012 In summary, our data show that the superoxide-hydrogen peroxide-DNA breakage pathway activates the PAR cycle by PARP-1 and PARG, which serves as a survival mechanism in CSE-exposed cells. Superoxides 35-45 poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase Homo sapiens 123-127 22750392-5 2012 GLP-1 completely blocked the angiotensin II-induced superoxide generation, NF-kappaB activation, up-regulation of mRNA levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in mesangial cells, all of which were prevented by the treatments with H-89, an inhibitor of protein kinase A. Superoxides 52-62 glucagon Homo sapiens 0-5 22750392-5 2012 GLP-1 completely blocked the angiotensin II-induced superoxide generation, NF-kappaB activation, up-regulation of mRNA levels of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in mesangial cells, all of which were prevented by the treatments with H-89, an inhibitor of protein kinase A. Superoxides 52-62 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 29-43 22750392-6 2012 The present results demonstrated for the first time that GLP-1 blocked the angiotensin II-induced mesangial cell injury by inhibiting superoxide-mediated NF-kappaB activation via protein kinase C pathway. Superoxides 134-144 glucagon Homo sapiens 57-62 22750392-6 2012 The present results demonstrated for the first time that GLP-1 blocked the angiotensin II-induced mesangial cell injury by inhibiting superoxide-mediated NF-kappaB activation via protein kinase C pathway. Superoxides 134-144 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 75-89 22361333-1 2012 Nitric oxide synthase enzyme (NOS) possesses the unique ability to be "uncoupled" to produce superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) instead of nitric oxide (NO). Superoxides 93-109 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 0-28 22361333-1 2012 Nitric oxide synthase enzyme (NOS) possesses the unique ability to be "uncoupled" to produce superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) instead of nitric oxide (NO). Superoxides 111-115 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 0-28 23102218-3 2012 We have conjugated a mitochondria-targeting triphenylphosphonium (TPP) cation to a O(2)( -)-selective pentaaza macrocyclic Mn(II) superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic to make MitoSOD, a mitochondria-targeted SOD mimetic. Superoxides 83-88 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 152-155 23102218-3 2012 We have conjugated a mitochondria-targeting triphenylphosphonium (TPP) cation to a O(2)( -)-selective pentaaza macrocyclic Mn(II) superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic to make MitoSOD, a mitochondria-targeted SOD mimetic. Superoxides 83-88 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 177-180 23102218-8 2012 MitoSOD is an effective mitochondria-targeted macrocyclic SOD mimetic that selectively protects mitochondria from O(2)( -) damage. Superoxides 114-118 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 4-7 22749807-5 2012 Catalase activity was up regulated on treatment with superoxide (O2-) scavengers such as pegylated SOD (PEG-SOD, indicating inhibition of catalase by the increased O2- produced by HBC cells. Superoxides 53-63 catalase Homo sapiens 0-8 22749807-5 2012 Catalase activity was up regulated on treatment with superoxide (O2-) scavengers such as pegylated SOD (PEG-SOD, indicating inhibition of catalase by the increased O2- produced by HBC cells. Superoxides 53-63 catalase Homo sapiens 138-146 22749807-5 2012 Catalase activity was up regulated on treatment with superoxide (O2-) scavengers such as pegylated SOD (PEG-SOD, indicating inhibition of catalase by the increased O2- produced by HBC cells. Superoxides 65-67 catalase Homo sapiens 0-8 22749807-5 2012 Catalase activity was up regulated on treatment with superoxide (O2-) scavengers such as pegylated SOD (PEG-SOD, indicating inhibition of catalase by the increased O2- produced by HBC cells. Superoxides 65-67 catalase Homo sapiens 138-146 22749807-5 2012 Catalase activity was up regulated on treatment with superoxide (O2-) scavengers such as pegylated SOD (PEG-SOD, indicating inhibition of catalase by the increased O2- produced by HBC cells. Superoxides 164-166 catalase Homo sapiens 0-8 22749807-5 2012 Catalase activity was up regulated on treatment with superoxide (O2-) scavengers such as pegylated SOD (PEG-SOD, indicating inhibition of catalase by the increased O2- produced by HBC cells. Superoxides 164-166 catalase Homo sapiens 138-146 22906494-11 2012 The data suggest that the mechanism of menadione-induced JNK activation involves the production of reactive oxygen species, likely superoxide anion, and intracellular GSH levels play an important role in preventing GSTA1-JNK complex dissociation, subsequent JNK activation and induction of cytotoxicity. Superoxides 131-147 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 57-60 22926288-9 2012 We have previously shown, in a model of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, that PRP/NP affects activities of superoxide dismutase and NF-kappaB. Superoxides 116-126 prion protein Homo sapiens 87-93 22846601-8 2012 SOD must favor reduction of oxygen by the INH radical to give superoxide and ultimately hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 62-72 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 22459774-2 2012 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalyses the dismutation of superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 56-72 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 22435601-1 2012 To investigate whether chronic alcohol consumption induces vascular injury via angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 (AT1) receptor-dependent superoxide generation, male transgenic mice with knockout of AT1 gene (AT1-KO) and age-matched wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice were pair-fed a modified Lieber-DeCarli alcohol or isocaloric maltose dextrin control liquid diet for 2 months. Superoxides 135-145 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 95-101 22435601-1 2012 To investigate whether chronic alcohol consumption induces vascular injury via angiotensin II (Ang II) type 1 (AT1) receptor-dependent superoxide generation, male transgenic mice with knockout of AT1 gene (AT1-KO) and age-matched wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice were pair-fed a modified Lieber-DeCarli alcohol or isocaloric maltose dextrin control liquid diet for 2 months. Superoxides 135-145 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Mus musculus 111-114 22435601-7 2012 These results suggest that chronic alcohol consumption may activate NOX via Ang II/AT1 receptor, to generate superoxide and associated peroxynitrite that in turn causes aortic nitrosative damage, inflammation, cell death and proliferation, and remodelling. Superoxides 109-119 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 76-82 22435601-7 2012 These results suggest that chronic alcohol consumption may activate NOX via Ang II/AT1 receptor, to generate superoxide and associated peroxynitrite that in turn causes aortic nitrosative damage, inflammation, cell death and proliferation, and remodelling. Superoxides 109-119 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Mus musculus 83-86 22687340-1 2012 BACKGROUND & AIMS: Steatohepatitis (SH) is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive production of superoxide, which can then be converted into H(2)O(2) by SOD2. Superoxides 117-127 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 174-178 22687340-4 2012 RESULTS: In isolated mitochondria and primary hepatocytes, superoxide scavenging by SOD mimetics or purified SOD decreased superoxide and peroxynitrite generation but increased H(2)O(2) following mGSH depletion, despite mitochondrial peroxiredoxin/thioredoxin defense. Superoxides 59-69 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 84-87 22687340-4 2012 RESULTS: In isolated mitochondria and primary hepatocytes, superoxide scavenging by SOD mimetics or purified SOD decreased superoxide and peroxynitrite generation but increased H(2)O(2) following mGSH depletion, despite mitochondrial peroxiredoxin/thioredoxin defense. Superoxides 59-69 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 109-112 22687340-4 2012 RESULTS: In isolated mitochondria and primary hepatocytes, superoxide scavenging by SOD mimetics or purified SOD decreased superoxide and peroxynitrite generation but increased H(2)O(2) following mGSH depletion, despite mitochondrial peroxiredoxin/thioredoxin defense. Superoxides 123-133 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 84-87 22687340-4 2012 RESULTS: In isolated mitochondria and primary hepatocytes, superoxide scavenging by SOD mimetics or purified SOD decreased superoxide and peroxynitrite generation but increased H(2)O(2) following mGSH depletion, despite mitochondrial peroxiredoxin/thioredoxin defense. Superoxides 123-133 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 109-112 22835814-0 2012 Apocynum venetum leaf extract, an antihypertensive herb, inhibits rat aortic contraction induced by angiotensin II: a nitric oxide and superoxide connection. Superoxides 135-145 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 100-114 22836756-4 2012 We found that miR-21 inhibited the metabolism of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide, produced either by endogenous basal activities or exposure to ionizing radiation (IR), by directing attenuating SOD3 or by an indirect mechanism that limited TNFa production, thereby reducing SOD2 levels. Superoxides 49-59 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 194-198 22836756-4 2012 We found that miR-21 inhibited the metabolism of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide, produced either by endogenous basal activities or exposure to ionizing radiation (IR), by directing attenuating SOD3 or by an indirect mechanism that limited TNFa production, thereby reducing SOD2 levels. Superoxides 49-59 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 240-244 22728269-9 2012 Using an adeno-associated virus antisense construct to selectively decrease p47(phox) expression in neurons showed that this led to inhibition of both the increase in superoxide and the neuronal cell death associated with OGD. Superoxides 167-177 NSFL1 cofactor Rattus norvegicus 76-79 22728269-9 2012 Using an adeno-associated virus antisense construct to selectively decrease p47(phox) expression in neurons showed that this led to inhibition of both the increase in superoxide and the neuronal cell death associated with OGD. Superoxides 167-177 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Rattus norvegicus 80-84 22580158-8 2012 We have found that exposure to PCB quinones leads to: (1) a decrease in cell viability; (2) an increase in both the total ROS production and superoxide production; (3) only 3Cl-PCBQ caused significant increase in the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level; (4) an increase in SOD activity and a decrease in catalase activity; and (5) a decrease in GST activity and GSH level. Superoxides 141-151 pyruvate carboxylase Homo sapiens 31-34 22713489-2 2012 Copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is a specific antioxidant enzyme that counteracts superoxide anions. Superoxides 90-107 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 34-38 22713489-6 2012 RESULTS: Overexpression of SOD1 suppressed production of superoxide anions after ischemic reperfusion injury and reduced NSC death after transplantation. Superoxides 57-74 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 27-31 22713489-7 2012 In contrast, downexpression of SOD1 promoted superoxide generation and increased oxidative stress-mediated NSC death. Superoxides 45-55 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 31-35 22634165-0 2012 Splitomicin inhibits fMLP-induced superoxide anion production in human neutrophils by activate cAMP/PKA signaling inhibition of ERK pathway. Superoxides 34-50 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 21-25 22634165-9 2012 Our results showed that splitomicin inhibited superoxide anion production by fMLP (1 muM) and NaF (20mM) in a concentration-dependent manner (37.5-450 muM). Superoxides 46-62 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 77-81 22634165-9 2012 Our results showed that splitomicin inhibited superoxide anion production by fMLP (1 muM) and NaF (20mM) in a concentration-dependent manner (37.5-450 muM). Superoxides 46-62 latexin Homo sapiens 85-88 22634165-9 2012 Our results showed that splitomicin inhibited superoxide anion production by fMLP (1 muM) and NaF (20mM) in a concentration-dependent manner (37.5-450 muM). Superoxides 46-62 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 94-97 22634165-9 2012 Our results showed that splitomicin inhibited superoxide anion production by fMLP (1 muM) and NaF (20mM) in a concentration-dependent manner (37.5-450 muM). Superoxides 46-62 latexin Homo sapiens 151-154 22634165-13 2012 This negative effect was well-correlated with increased cAMP levels via PKA activity and the subsequent inhibition of ERK (p42/p44) phosphorylation to decrease superoxide anion production. Superoxides 160-176 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 118-121 22636674-5 2012 ANG II-induced superoxide generation, NF-kappaB and AP-1 activation, and IL-18 and MMP-9 induction were all markedly attenuated by losartan, diphenyleneiodonium chloride (DPI), and Nox1 knockdown. Superoxides 15-25 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-6 23006987-6 2012 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), the unique enzyme responsible for the dismutation of superoxide radicals, is expected to occupy an indispensable position in the treatment of ROS-mediated tissue injuries originating from exposure to radiation. Superoxides 81-91 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 23006987-6 2012 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), the unique enzyme responsible for the dismutation of superoxide radicals, is expected to occupy an indispensable position in the treatment of ROS-mediated tissue injuries originating from exposure to radiation. Superoxides 81-91 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 22753205-10 2012 In summary, Atox1 functions to prevent Ang II-induced endothelial dysfunction and hypercontraction in resistant vessels, as well as hypertension, in vivo by reducing extracellular superoxide levels via increasing vascular SOD3 expression and activity. Superoxides 180-190 antioxidant 1 copper chaperone Mus musculus 12-17 22753205-10 2012 In summary, Atox1 functions to prevent Ang II-induced endothelial dysfunction and hypercontraction in resistant vessels, as well as hypertension, in vivo by reducing extracellular superoxide levels via increasing vascular SOD3 expression and activity. Superoxides 180-190 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 39-45 22549451-7 2012 In experiments using cultured myocytes, aldosterone (100 nmole/L) and angiotensin II (100 nmole/L) enhanced both sources of superoxide production, although these humoral factors affected NADPH oxidase subunits (p47phox and gp91phox) differently. Superoxides 124-134 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 70-84 22549451-8 2012 In conclusion, aldosterone and angiotensin II increase NADPH oxidase-dependent and mitochondrial superoxide production in myocytes, and the combination of an angiotensin II receptor blocker and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist has a synergistic attenuation of cardiac oxidative stress, leading to an improvement in cardiac function in postinfarct failing hearts. Superoxides 97-107 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 31-45 22549451-8 2012 In conclusion, aldosterone and angiotensin II increase NADPH oxidase-dependent and mitochondrial superoxide production in myocytes, and the combination of an angiotensin II receptor blocker and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist has a synergistic attenuation of cardiac oxidative stress, leading to an improvement in cardiac function in postinfarct failing hearts. Superoxides 97-107 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 158-172 22827889-5 2012 The increase in ROS could be completely prevented by inhibition of NADPH oxidase (NOX) complexes suggesting that ATXN7 directly or indirectly causes oxidative stress by increasing superoxide anion production from these complexes. Superoxides 180-196 ataxin 7 Homo sapiens 113-118 22827889-6 2012 Moreover, we could observe that induction of mutant ATXN7 leads to a decrease in the levels of catalase, a key enzyme in detoxifying hydrogen peroxide produced from dismutation of superoxide anions. Superoxides 180-197 ataxin 7 Homo sapiens 52-57 22554771-0 2012 Omentin plays an anti-inflammatory role through inhibition of TNF-alpha-induced superoxide production in vascular smooth muscle cells. Superoxides 80-90 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 62-71 22554771-13 2012 It is suggested that omentin inhibits TNF-alpha-induced VCAM-1 expression via preventing the activation of p38 and JNK at least in part through inhibition of superoxide production. Superoxides 158-168 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 38-47 22580124-4 2012 Partially ligated ApoE knockout mice, a more physiologically relevant model of low and oscillatory flow, developed an advanced lesion in 2 weeks, and orally administered 8-OHdG significantly reduced plaque formation along with reduced superoxide formation, monocyte/macrophage infiltration, and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. Superoxides 235-245 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 18-22 22537177-0 2012 Alternative oxidase modulates leaf mitochondrial concentrations of superoxide and nitric oxide. Superoxides 67-77 ubiquinol oxidase 1, mitochondrial Nicotiana tabacum 0-19 22537177-4 2012 Based on our results, we suggest that AOX respiration acts to reduce the generation of ROS and RNS in plant mitochondria by dampening the leak of single electrons from the electron transport chain to O(2) or nitrite. Superoxides 200-204 ubiquinol oxidase 1, mitochondrial Nicotiana tabacum 38-41 22532027-0 2012 NADPH oxidase-produced superoxide mediates EGFR transactivation by c-Src in arsenic trioxide-stimulated human keratinocytes. Superoxides 23-33 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 43-47 22532027-0 2012 NADPH oxidase-produced superoxide mediates EGFR transactivation by c-Src in arsenic trioxide-stimulated human keratinocytes. Superoxides 23-33 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 67-72 22781821-6 2012 LPO, inhibition of Mn-SOD and complex III activities were more pronounced when inhaled oxygen was partially enriched with superoxide radical. Superoxides 122-140 superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Cavia porcellus 19-25 22354779-5 2012 Superoxide anion radical level was increased in mitochondria of both TNFalpha- and FCCP-treated adipocytes, whereas mitochondrial DNA copy number was significantly higher only in TNFalpha-treated cells. Superoxides 0-24 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 69-77 22465246-2 2012 Our previous study showed that angiotensin II (Ang II) acutely increased hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) currents in nodose ganglion (NG) neurons via NADPH oxidase-superoxide signaling. Superoxides 190-200 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 31-45 22465246-2 2012 Our previous study showed that angiotensin II (Ang II) acutely increased hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) currents in nodose ganglion (NG) neurons via NADPH oxidase-superoxide signaling. Superoxides 190-200 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 47-53 22322977-9 2012 In contrast, enhanced dismutation of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide with SOD had no effect on ANG II-dependent stimulation of L-type calcium channels. Superoxides 37-47 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 74-77 22896786-0 2012 Cytoplasmic superoxide radical: a possible contributing factor to intracellular Abeta oligomerization in Alzheimer disease. Superoxides 12-30 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 80-85 22313459-2 2012 EC-SOD is also observed in monocytes/macrophages, and its high expression contributes to the suppression of atherosclerosis by scavenging superoxide. Superoxides 138-148 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 0-6 22406317-0 2012 Superoxide plays critical roles in electrotaxis of fibrosarcoma cells via activation of ERK and reorganization of the cytoskeleton. Superoxides 0-10 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 88-91 22406317-9 2012 Collectively, our results indicate that superoxide plays critical roles in DCEF-induced directional migration of fibrosarcoma cells, possibly by regulating the activation of ERKs. Superoxides 40-50 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 174-178 22450315-2 2012 Although previous studies have suggested the involvement of superoxide catalyzed by complex III more recent studies raise the possibility that nitric oxide (NO) catalyzed by cytochrome c oxidase (Cco/NO), which functions in hypoxic signaling in yeast, may also be involved. Superoxides 60-70 ryanodine receptor 1 Homo sapiens 196-202 22404107-0 2012 Aldehyde oxidase functions as a superoxide generating NADH oxidase: an important redox regulated pathway of cellular oxygen radical formation. Superoxides 32-42 aldehyde oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 0-16 22404107-3 2012 Utilizing electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping, we measured the role of AO in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the oxidation of NADH and the effects of inhibitors of AO on NADH-mediated superoxide (O(2)( -)) generation. Superoxides 218-228 aldehyde oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 198-200 22404107-6 2012 With NADH oxidation by AO, >=65% of the total electron flux led to O(2)( -) generation. Superoxides 70-74 aldehyde oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 23-25 22404107-7 2012 Diphenyleneiodonium completely inhibited AO-mediated O(2)( -) production, confirming that this occurs at the FAD site. Superoxides 53-61 aldehyde oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 41-43 22404107-9 2012 From the kinetic data, and the levels of AO and NADH, O(2)( -) production was estimated to be ~89 and ~4 nM/s in liver and heart, respectively, much higher than that estimated for XOR under similar conditions. Superoxides 54-62 aldehyde oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 41-43 22287576-4 2012 Endothelial overexpression of Nox2 in ApoE(-/-) mice did not alter blood pressure, but significantly increased vascular superoxide production compared with ApoE(-/-) littermates, measured using both lucigenin chemiluminescence and 2-hydroxyethidium production (ApoE(-/-), 19.9 +- 6.3 vs. Nox2-Tg ApoE(-/-), 47.0 +- 7.0 nmol 2-hydroxyethidium/aorta, P< 0.05). Superoxides 120-130 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 38-42 22287576-7 2012 CONCLUSION: Endothelial-targeted Nox2 overexpression in ApoE(-/-) mice is sufficient to increase vascular superoxide production and increase macrophage recruitment possible via activation of endothelial cells. Superoxides 106-116 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 56-60 22147556-5 2012 The results revealed an over-expression of iNOS and HO-1 in the papilla, compared with that in the pulp, mediated by the nuclear factor kappa B transcription factor activated by the reactive oxygen species that acts as scavengers for the superoxide radicals. Superoxides 238-248 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 43-47 22160804-3 2012 Myocytes were treated with ouabain (50 muM) for up to 24 h. Ouabain significantly increased gene and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) which was associated with significantly increased release of NO from myocytes as well as increased total release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide anion (O(2) (-)), and increased peroxynitrite formation as assessed by protein tyrosine nitration. Superoxides 305-321 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 119-150 22160804-3 2012 Myocytes were treated with ouabain (50 muM) for up to 24 h. Ouabain significantly increased gene and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) which was associated with significantly increased release of NO from myocytes as well as increased total release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide anion (O(2) (-)), and increased peroxynitrite formation as assessed by protein tyrosine nitration. Superoxides 305-321 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 152-156 22160804-3 2012 Myocytes were treated with ouabain (50 muM) for up to 24 h. Ouabain significantly increased gene and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) which was associated with significantly increased release of NO from myocytes as well as increased total release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide anion (O(2) (-)), and increased peroxynitrite formation as assessed by protein tyrosine nitration. Superoxides 323-327 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 119-150 22160804-3 2012 Myocytes were treated with ouabain (50 muM) for up to 24 h. Ouabain significantly increased gene and protein levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) which was associated with significantly increased release of NO from myocytes as well as increased total release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide anion (O(2) (-)), and increased peroxynitrite formation as assessed by protein tyrosine nitration. Superoxides 323-327 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 152-156 22393005-7 2012 However, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers suppressed the coordination of cytochrome c release and also inhibited Bid-induced cell death, whereas both superoxide and hydrogen peroxide sensitized mitochondria to Bid-induced permeabilization. Superoxides 158-168 BH3 interacting domain death agonist Homo sapiens 218-221 22169010-8 2012 We conclude that ANG II stimulates ENaC in the CCD through a Ca(2+)-independent PKC pathway that activates NOX thereby increasing superoxide generation. Superoxides 130-140 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 17-23 22169010-8 2012 We conclude that ANG II stimulates ENaC in the CCD through a Ca(2+)-independent PKC pathway that activates NOX thereby increasing superoxide generation. Superoxides 130-140 sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit gamma Rattus norvegicus 35-39 22222162-4 2012 CYP2E1 is known to metabolize ethanol and produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide in epithelial cells. Superoxides 91-101 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 22167522-3 2012 Uncoupling of eNOS, with subsequently less NO and more superoxide generation, is one of the major underlying causes of endothelial dysfunction found in atherosclerosis, diabetes, hypertension, cigarette smoking, hyperhomocysteinemia, and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Superoxides 55-65 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 14-18 22199367-10 2012 Aged SOD2+/- SMCs had increased mitochondrial superoxide but decreased hydrogen peroxide levels. Superoxides 46-56 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 5-9 22178681-4 2012 The five oleanolic acid triterpenoid saponins used in this experiment suppressed N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced superoxide generation in a concentration-dependent manner. Superoxides 136-146 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 122-126 22249290-8 2012 We show that adiponectin treatment decreased the generation of superoxide anion in both cell lines, whereas the transcript levels of NADPH oxidase (NOX)2 and NOX4 increased. Superoxides 63-79 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Homo sapiens 13-24 22194624-7 2012 ILK deletion caused endothelial NOS (eNOS) uncoupling, reflected in reduced tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) levels, increased BH2 levels, decreased dihydrofolate reductase expression, and increased eNOS-dependent generation of superoxide accompanied by extensive vascular protein nitration. Superoxides 221-231 integrin linked kinase Homo sapiens 0-3 22194624-8 2012 ILK reexpression prevented eNOS uncoupling in cKO cells, whereas superoxide formation was unaffected by ILK depletion in eNOS-KO cells, indicating eNOS as a primary source of superoxide anion. Superoxides 175-191 integrin linked kinase Homo sapiens 0-3 21797845-1 2012 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: One key mechanism for endothelial dysfunction is endothelial NOS (eNOS) uncoupling, whereby eNOS generates superoxide (O(2) ( -) ) rather than NO. Superoxides 131-141 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 73-88 21797845-1 2012 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: One key mechanism for endothelial dysfunction is endothelial NOS (eNOS) uncoupling, whereby eNOS generates superoxide (O(2) ( -) ) rather than NO. Superoxides 143-147 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 73-88 20626399-3 2012 ANG II increases the NAD(P)H-dependent superoxide anion production and the intracellular generation of ROS in cardiac fibroblasts and apocynin, a membrane NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor, abrogates this rise. Superoxides 39-55 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-6 22175783-1 2012 The first example of an O(2) adduct of an active Co-substituted oxygenase has been observed in the extradiol ring cleavage of the electron-poor substrate 4-nitrocatechol (4NC) by Co(II)-homoprotocatechuate 2,3-dioxygenase (Co-HPCD). Superoxides 24-28 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 179-185 22175783-2 2012 Upon O(2) binding to the high-spin Co(II) (S = (3)/(2)) enzyme-substrate complex, an S = (1)/(2) EPR signal exhibiting (59)Co hyperfine splitting (A = 24 G) typical of a low-spin Co(III)-superoxide complex was observed. Superoxides 5-9 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 35-41 22175783-2 2012 Upon O(2) binding to the high-spin Co(II) (S = (3)/(2)) enzyme-substrate complex, an S = (1)/(2) EPR signal exhibiting (59)Co hyperfine splitting (A = 24 G) typical of a low-spin Co(III)-superoxide complex was observed. Superoxides 187-197 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 35-41 21896300-1 2012 Excessive free radical production or oxidative stress may be involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia as evidenced by increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities, a critical enzyme in the detoxification of superoxide radicals. Superoxides 136-146 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 158-161 23080136-3 2012 HIF-1 activates transcription of the Nox2 gene, encoding NADPH oxidase 2, which generates superoxide. Superoxides 90-100 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 0-5 21940672-6 2012 IGF-I induces an increase in NADPH-dependent superoxide generation, enhances the release of hydrogen peroxide, and increases the expression of NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) in PTCs. Superoxides 45-55 insulin like growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 22790929-7 2012 Furthermore, we successfully detected in situ superoxide radicals associated with increased protein carbonylation in hAPP/Sod1-/-. Superoxides 46-56 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 117-121 22790929-7 2012 Furthermore, we successfully detected in situ superoxide radicals associated with increased protein carbonylation in hAPP/Sod1-/-. Superoxides 46-56 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 122-126 22062629-9 2012 SOD2 exerts its inhibitory effect on VSMC migration induced by angiotensin II by scavenging superoxide anion and suppressing the phosphorylation of Akt. Superoxides 92-108 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 63-77 22041526-3 2012 In in vitro experiments using human peripheral blood neutrophils, PDE4 inhibitors ASP3258, cilomilast, and roflumilast inhibited fMLP-induced superoxide production in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 values of 5.0, 96, and 4.7 nM, respectively. Superoxides 142-152 phosphodiesterase 4A Homo sapiens 66-70 22041526-3 2012 In in vitro experiments using human peripheral blood neutrophils, PDE4 inhibitors ASP3258, cilomilast, and roflumilast inhibited fMLP-induced superoxide production in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 values of 5.0, 96, and 4.7 nM, respectively. Superoxides 142-152 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 129-133 22627375-4 2012 We have observed that in the absence of eosinophil chemoattractants, neutrophils stimulated by IL-8 augment eosinophil trans-basement membrane migration by releasing superoxide anion, matrix metalloproteinase, leukotriene B(4) and platelet-activating factor. Superoxides 166-182 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 95-99 22848833-0 2012 Chronic C-Type Natriuretic Peptide Infusion Attenuates Angiotensin II-Induced Myocardial Superoxide Production and Cardiac Remodeling. Superoxides 89-99 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 55-69 22848833-10 2012 Finally, CNP decreased Ang II-induced cardiac superoxide production. Superoxides 46-56 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 23-29 22848833-12 2012 Our data indicate that treatment with CNP attenuated Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and contractile dysfunction which were accompanied by reduced cardiac superoxide production. Superoxides 169-179 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 53-59 21954286-7 2012 p67(phox) is involved in the regulation of electron flow from NADPH to oxygen, leading to superoxide radical formation inside the phagosome. Superoxides 90-100 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 0-3 21584653-7 2012 Mechanistic studies revealed that the neuroprotective effects of ASA were mediated through the inhibition of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (PHOX), a key enzyme for superoxide production in microglia. Superoxides 186-196 dual oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 109-160 23149576-4 2012 These results suggested that the class-IA isoforms (p110alpha, p110beta, and p110delta) of PI3K are sufficient to trigger and maintain superoxide production. Superoxides 135-145 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha Mus musculus 52-61 22144277-3 2012 Rac in the GTP-bound form directly binds to the oxidase activator p67( phox ), which in turn interacts with Nox2, leading to superoxide production. Superoxides 159-169 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 66-69 22144277-5 2012 On the other hand, in the presence of either p67( phox ) or Noxa1, Rac facilitates superoxide production by Nox3, which is responsible in the inner ear for formation of otoconia, tiny mineralized structures that are required for sensing balance and gravity. Superoxides 117-127 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 45-48 22144277-5 2012 On the other hand, in the presence of either p67( phox ) or Noxa1, Rac facilitates superoxide production by Nox3, which is responsible in the inner ear for formation of otoconia, tiny mineralized structures that are required for sensing balance and gravity. Superoxides 117-127 NADPH oxidase activator 1 Homo sapiens 94-99 22057568-6 2012 Superoxide dismutase (MnSOD, SOD2) from the mitochondrial matrix as well as superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD, SOD1) present in small amounts in the mitochondrial intramembrane space, convert superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide, which can be then converted by catalase to harmless H(2)O. Superoxides 189-205 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 108-112 22064654-1 2012 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) is an important superoxide scavenger in the lung in which its loss, sequence variation, or abnormal expression contributes to lung diseases; however, the role of EcSOD in lung cancer has yet to be studied. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 36-41 22064654-1 2012 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) is an important superoxide scavenger in the lung in which its loss, sequence variation, or abnormal expression contributes to lung diseases; however, the role of EcSOD in lung cancer has yet to be studied. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 205-210 22996620-7 2013 Moreover, a small amount of O2- induced by water extracts from fermented soy milk at low concentration (1 mg mL-1) increased the content of calcium ions and activated eNOS, thereby promoting NO production and the coupling state of eNOS. Superoxides 28-30 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 231-235 23236515-6 2012 Sepsis resulted in increases in NADPH oxidase activity and expression of p47(phox) and p67(phox) and up-regulation of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase in brains, indicating that superoxide, produced by NADPH oxidase, reacts with NO to form peroxynitrite, that maybe lead to the loss of BBB integrity. Superoxides 182-192 NSFL1 (p97) cofactor (p47) Mus musculus 73-82 22984565-7 2012 The bound carbonate blocks direct access of substrates to Cu(I), suggesting that an adjunct to the accepted mechanism of SOD catalysed dismutation of superoxide operates, with Cu(I) oxidation by superoxide being driven via a proton-coupled electron transfer mechanism involving the bound carbonate rather than the solvent. Superoxides 150-160 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 121-124 23056347-7 2012 Rats that received TNF only had increased production rates of superoxide, peroxynitrite and total reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cytosol and increased production rates of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in mitochondria. Superoxides 62-72 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 19-22 23056347-7 2012 Rats that received TNF only had increased production rates of superoxide, peroxynitrite and total reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the cytosol and increased production rates of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in mitochondria. Superoxides 177-187 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 19-22 22984577-4 2012 In addition to its function as a quinone reductase NQO1 has been shown to reduce superoxide and regulate the 20 S proteasomal degradation of proteins including p53. Superoxides 81-91 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 51-55 22984565-7 2012 The bound carbonate blocks direct access of substrates to Cu(I), suggesting that an adjunct to the accepted mechanism of SOD catalysed dismutation of superoxide operates, with Cu(I) oxidation by superoxide being driven via a proton-coupled electron transfer mechanism involving the bound carbonate rather than the solvent. Superoxides 195-205 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 121-124 22936985-13 2012 Moreover, Rac-mediated O(2) (-) generation, cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and myocardial fibrosis seem to play a pivotal role in the transition from cardiac hypertrophy to cardiac dilation and failure. Superoxides 23-27 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 10-13 22815806-9 2012 Bilateral PVN pretreatment with either superoxide anion scavenger tempol or polyethylene glycol-superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD) inhibited the effects of ET-1 on the CSAR, RSNA and MAP. Superoxides 39-55 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 152-156 22952763-0 2012 Expression of human paraoxonase 1 decreases superoxide levels and alters bacterial colonization in the gut of Drosophila melanogaster. Superoxides 44-54 paraoxonase 1 Homo sapiens 20-33 22952763-7 2012 We found that PON1 alters expression of multiple oxidative stress genes and decreases superoxide anion levels in normal and germ-free D. melanogaster. Superoxides 86-102 paraoxonase 1 Homo sapiens 14-18 22952763-9 2012 PON1 expression directly decreased superoxide anion levels and altered bacterial colonization of the gut and its gene expression profile, highlighting the complex nature of the interaction between host genotype and gut microbiota. Superoxides 35-51 paraoxonase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 22808054-6 2012 Ang II simulated mitochondrial Nox4 and resulted in the abrupt production of mitochondrial superoxide (O(2) (-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). Superoxides 91-101 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-6 22808054-6 2012 Ang II simulated mitochondrial Nox4 and resulted in the abrupt production of mitochondrial superoxide (O(2) (-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). Superoxides 103-107 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-6 22693564-0 2012 Human stanniocalcin-1 suppresses angiotensin II-induced superoxide generation in cardiomyocytes through UCP3-mediated anti-oxidant pathway. Superoxides 56-66 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 33-47 22693564-6 2012 Treatment of cardiomyocytes with STC1 decreases mitochondrial membrane potential and suppresses baseline and angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced superoxide generation. Superoxides 141-151 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 109-123 22693564-6 2012 Treatment of cardiomyocytes with STC1 decreases mitochondrial membrane potential and suppresses baseline and angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced superoxide generation. Superoxides 141-151 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 125-131 20696495-5 2012 Fibrillar beta-amyloid (Abeta) stimulation has previously been demonstrated to induce the assembly and activation of the microglial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase leading to superoxide production through a tyrosine kinase-based signaling cascade. Superoxides 203-213 histocompatibility 2, class II antigen A, beta 1 Mus musculus 24-29 20696495-6 2012 Ibuprofen treatment of microglia or monocytes with racemic or S-ibuprofen inhibited Abeta-stimulated Vav tyrosine phosphorylation, NADPH oxidase assembly, and superoxide production. Superoxides 159-169 histocompatibility 2, class II antigen A, beta 1 Mus musculus 84-89 22693641-7 2012 Furthermore, ACE2 deficiency led to greater increases in Ang II-mediated profilin-1 expression, NADPH oxidase activity, and superoxide and peroxynitrite production in the aortas of ACE2KO mice associated with enhanced phosphorylated levels of Akt, p70S6 kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Superoxides 124-134 angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 2 Mus musculus 13-17 22815806-10 2012 Microinjection of ET-1 into the PVN increased the superoxide anion level in the PVN, which was abolished by PVN pretreatment with BQ-123. Superoxides 50-66 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 18-22 22815806-11 2012 Epicardial application of capsaicin increased superoxide anion level in PVN which was further enhanced by PVN pretreatment with ET-1. Superoxides 46-62 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 128-132 22815806-13 2012 Superoxide anions in PVN are involved in the effects of ET-1 in the PVN. Superoxides 0-17 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 56-60 22470485-9 2012 B(1)R antagonist also significantly inhibited the increased production of superoxide anion in diabetic retinae. Superoxides 74-90 bradykinin receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 22359684-0 2012 Upregulation of UCP2 by adiponectin: the involvement of mitochondrial superoxide and hnRNP K. Superoxides 70-80 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 16-20 22355351-8 2012 These newly discovered regulators conveyed their activity through a non-conventional RELB-depended NFkappaB signaling pathway and regulation of superoxide activity. Superoxides 144-154 RELB proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 85-89 22355351-8 2012 These newly discovered regulators conveyed their activity through a non-conventional RELB-depended NFkappaB signaling pathway and regulation of superoxide activity. Superoxides 144-154 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 99-107 22359684-11 2012 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Mitochondrial superoxide production stimulated by adiponectin serves as a trigger to initiate the translocation of hnRNP K, which in turn promotes UCP2 expressions in liver. Superoxides 40-50 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 173-177 22291917-10 2012 CONCLUSION: Overt plaque formation, increased vascular inflammation and L/E- interactions are associated with significant reduction of superoxide production in apoE(-/-)/eNOS(-/-) vessels. Superoxides 135-145 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 160-164 22506056-7 2012 Angeli"s salt also suppresses Ang II induction of key triggers of the cardiomyocyte hypertrophic response, including NADPH oxidase (on both Nox2 expression and superoxide generation), as well as p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK). Superoxides 160-170 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 30-36 22072715-0 2011 PPARdelta coordinates angiotensin II-induced senescence in vascular smooth muscle cells through PTEN-mediated inhibition of superoxide generation. Superoxides 124-134 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 22-36 22276192-8 2012 PPARgamma activation significantly attenuated thapsigargin-induced cell death, concomitant with an inhibition of caspase activation, a delay in DeltaPsim loss, and a reduction of superoxide/ROS generation in STHdh(Q111) cells. Superoxides 179-189 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Homo sapiens 0-9 22276192-9 2012 Expression of mutant huntingtin in primary neurons induced superoxide/ROS, an effect that was significantly reduced by constitutively active PPARgamma. Superoxides 59-69 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Homo sapiens 141-150 23339859-1 2012 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) is a secreted enzyme that regulates levels of extracellular superoxide and protects the extracellular matrix from degradation by reactive species. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 36-40 22002086-3 2011 The model consists of all known reactions and rate constants for reactions of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and chloride ions with MPO, except for the reaction of superoxide with compound I, which could only be estimated. Superoxides 78-88 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 132-135 22002086-0 2011 Spectral and kinetic evidence for reaction of superoxide with compound I of myeloperoxidase. Superoxides 46-56 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 76-91 22002086-11 2011 Characterization of this reaction confirms that superoxide is a physiological substrate for MPO and that their interactions are central to an important host defense mechanism. Superoxides 48-58 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 92-95 22002086-2 2011 Previously, we developed a kinetic model to demonstrate that within the confines of neutrophil phagosomes, superoxide should react exclusively with MPO and be converted to hypochlorous acid. Superoxides 107-117 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 148-151 22015457-6 2011 Administration of superoxide dismutase (to scavenge superoxide anions) or L-N(G)-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME, a nonselective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor) restored PGIS activity and attenuated pericyte apoptosis. Superoxides 52-69 prostaglandin I2 synthase Homo sapiens 174-178 22174146-3 2011 We show here that MR activation is necessary to promote reactive oxygen species formation by a physiological concentration of angiotensin II (1 nmol l(-1)), since an increase in superoxide anion formation of ~50% of basal was suppressed by blocking MR with spironolactone or eplerenone. Superoxides 178-194 nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 2 Rattus norvegicus 18-20 22174146-3 2011 We show here that MR activation is necessary to promote reactive oxygen species formation by a physiological concentration of angiotensin II (1 nmol l(-1)), since an increase in superoxide anion formation of ~50% of basal was suppressed by blocking MR with spironolactone or eplerenone. Superoxides 178-194 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 126-140 22174146-3 2011 We show here that MR activation is necessary to promote reactive oxygen species formation by a physiological concentration of angiotensin II (1 nmol l(-1)), since an increase in superoxide anion formation of ~50% of basal was suppressed by blocking MR with spironolactone or eplerenone. Superoxides 178-194 nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 2 Rattus norvegicus 249-251 22174146-6 2011 Similarly, an increase in superoxide anion promoted by an equipotent dose of aldosterone (10 nmol l(-1)) was blocked by spironolactone or eplerenone, by preventing epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation, but not by inhibiting glucocorticoid receptors or protein synthesis, suggesting non-genomic MR effects. Superoxides 26-42 nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 2 Rattus norvegicus 306-308 21976223-9 2011 Whereas both CCL1 and LPS monotreatment inhibited spontaneous superoxide release in macrophages, CCL1 significantly induced superoxide release in the presence of LPS in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 124-134 C-C motif chemokine ligand 1 Homo sapiens 97-101 21940665-0 2011 Angiotensin II-NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide mediates diabetes-attenuated cell excitability of aortic baroreceptor neurons. Superoxides 37-47 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-14 21940665-9 2011 These findings suggest that endogenous angiotensin II-NADPH oxidase-superoxide signaling contributes to the enhanced HCN currents and the depressed cell excitation in the aortic baroreceptor neurons of diabetic rats. Superoxides 68-78 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 39-53 21925591-1 2011 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is an antioxidant enzyme that breaks down superoxide anion into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide in extracellular spaces and plays key roles in controlling pulmonary and vascular diseases in response to oxidative stresses. Superoxides 86-102 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 0-34 21925591-1 2011 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is an antioxidant enzyme that breaks down superoxide anion into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide in extracellular spaces and plays key roles in controlling pulmonary and vascular diseases in response to oxidative stresses. Superoxides 86-102 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 36-42 21824519-3 2011 Homozygous mutation of Immp2l (Immp2l(Tg(Tyr)979Ove) or Immp2l(-/-)) elevates mitochondrial membrane potential, increases superoxide (O(2)(-)) production in the brain and impairs fertility. Superoxides 122-132 IMP2 inner mitochondrial membrane peptidase-like (S. cerevisiae) Mus musculus 23-29 21814206-3 2011 The present study first revealed that the serum activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) responsible for superoxide removal is reduced in the DN stage of microalbuminuria, but not in normoalbuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients. Superoxides 60-70 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 82-85 21824519-3 2011 Homozygous mutation of Immp2l (Immp2l(Tg(Tyr)979Ove) or Immp2l(-/-)) elevates mitochondrial membrane potential, increases superoxide (O(2)(-)) production in the brain and impairs fertility. Superoxides 122-132 IMP2 inner mitochondrial membrane peptidase-like (S. cerevisiae) Mus musculus 31-37 21824519-3 2011 Homozygous mutation of Immp2l (Immp2l(Tg(Tyr)979Ove) or Immp2l(-/-)) elevates mitochondrial membrane potential, increases superoxide (O(2)(-)) production in the brain and impairs fertility. Superoxides 122-132 IMP2 inner mitochondrial membrane peptidase-like (S. cerevisiae) Mus musculus 56-67 21824519-3 2011 Homozygous mutation of Immp2l (Immp2l(Tg(Tyr)979Ove) or Immp2l(-/-)) elevates mitochondrial membrane potential, increases superoxide (O(2)(-)) production in the brain and impairs fertility. Superoxides 134-138 IMP2 inner mitochondrial membrane peptidase-like (S. cerevisiae) Mus musculus 23-29 21824519-3 2011 Homozygous mutation of Immp2l (Immp2l(Tg(Tyr)979Ove) or Immp2l(-/-)) elevates mitochondrial membrane potential, increases superoxide (O(2)(-)) production in the brain and impairs fertility. Superoxides 134-138 IMP2 inner mitochondrial membrane peptidase-like (S. cerevisiae) Mus musculus 31-37 21824519-3 2011 Homozygous mutation of Immp2l (Immp2l(Tg(Tyr)979Ove) or Immp2l(-/-)) elevates mitochondrial membrane potential, increases superoxide (O(2)(-)) production in the brain and impairs fertility. Superoxides 134-138 IMP2 inner mitochondrial membrane peptidase-like (S. cerevisiae) Mus musculus 56-67 21824519-9 2011 The increased damage in Immp2l(+/-) mice was associated with early increase in O(2)(-) production. Superoxides 79-83 IMP2 inner mitochondrial membrane peptidase-like (S. cerevisiae) Mus musculus 24-30 21824519-11 2011 Our results suggest that Immp2l deficiency increases ischemic brain damage by enhancing O(2)(-) production and damaging mitochondrial functional performance. Superoxides 88-92 IMP2 inner mitochondrial membrane peptidase-like (S. cerevisiae) Mus musculus 25-31 21992268-5 2011 In principle, O(2)( -) can serve as a suitable acceptor for the remaining 3-electrons necessary for CSA formation and regeneration of the active Fe(II)-CDO enzyme (1). Superoxides 14-18 cell adhesion associated, oncogene regulated Homo sapiens 152-155 21761200-0 2011 Caveolin-1 sensitizes cisplatin-induced lung cancer cell apoptosis via superoxide anion-dependent mechanism. Superoxides 71-87 caveolin 1 Homo sapiens 0-10 21761200-5 2011 Inhibitory study revealed that superoxide anion inhibitor MnTBAP could inhibit cisplatin-mediated toxicity only in H460/Cav-1 cells while had no effect on H460 cells. Superoxides 31-47 caveolin 1 Homo sapiens 120-125 21761200-6 2011 Further, superoxide anion detected by DHE probe indicated that H460/Cav-1 cells generated significantly higher superoxide anion level in response to cisplatin than that of control cells. Superoxides 9-25 caveolin 1 Homo sapiens 68-73 21761200-6 2011 Further, superoxide anion detected by DHE probe indicated that H460/Cav-1 cells generated significantly higher superoxide anion level in response to cisplatin than that of control cells. Superoxides 111-127 caveolin 1 Homo sapiens 68-73 21761200-7 2011 The role of Cav-1 in regulating cisplatin sensitivity was confirmed in shRNA-mediated Cav-1 down-regulated (H460/shCav-1) cells and the cells exhibited decreased cisplatin susceptibility and superoxide generation. Superoxides 191-201 caveolin 1 Homo sapiens 12-17 21761200-7 2011 The role of Cav-1 in regulating cisplatin sensitivity was confirmed in shRNA-mediated Cav-1 down-regulated (H460/shCav-1) cells and the cells exhibited decreased cisplatin susceptibility and superoxide generation. Superoxides 191-201 caveolin 1 Homo sapiens 86-91 21992268-1 2011 Cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) is a non-heme mononuclear iron enzyme that catalyzes the O(2)-dependent oxidation of L-cysteine (Cys) to produce cysteine sulfinic acid (CSA). Superoxides 84-88 cell adhesion associated, oncogene regulated Homo sapiens 22-25 21992268-10 2011 Following treatment with O(2)( -), the specific activity of recovered CDO increased to ~60% relative to untreated enzyme. Superoxides 25-29 cell adhesion associated, oncogene regulated Homo sapiens 70-73 21981804-3 2011 The LPS-inducible TNFalpha was significantly suppressed by pretreatment with the O(2)(-) scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), but not by the NO scavenger 2-(4-Carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl imidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide, suggesting the close association of O(2)(-) with TNFalpha induction. Superoxides 81-85 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 18-26 21978170-5 2011 Coculture of irradiated human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells with L10-activated THP-1 cells resulted in significantly decreased percentage of viable A549 cells from 66 to 37% (p = 0.018), increased levels of superoxide, interleukin-8, and RANTES, and decreased levels of angiogenin and vascular endothelial growth factor. Superoxides 208-218 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 80-85 21981804-0 2011 Superoxide anion contributes to the induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) through activation of the MKK3/6-p38 MAPK cascade in rat microglia. Superoxides 0-16 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 49-76 21981804-0 2011 Superoxide anion contributes to the induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) through activation of the MKK3/6-p38 MAPK cascade in rat microglia. Superoxides 0-16 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 78-86 21981804-3 2011 The LPS-inducible TNFalpha was significantly suppressed by pretreatment with the O(2)(-) scavenger N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), but not by the NO scavenger 2-(4-Carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl imidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide, suggesting the close association of O(2)(-) with TNFalpha induction. Superoxides 81-86 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 18-26 21981804-2 2011 In this study, we investigated the role of O(2)(-) and NO in the induction of TNFalpha in microglia. Superoxides 43-47 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 78-86 21981804-5 2011 On the other hand, an O(2)(-) donor, 3-(4-Morpholinyl)sydnonimine (SIN-1), induced TNFalpha in microglia, and the effects of SIN-1 were completely abolished in the presence of superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 22-29 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 67-72 21981804-5 2011 On the other hand, an O(2)(-) donor, 3-(4-Morpholinyl)sydnonimine (SIN-1), induced TNFalpha in microglia, and the effects of SIN-1 were completely abolished in the presence of superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 22-29 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 83-91 21981804-5 2011 On the other hand, an O(2)(-) donor, 3-(4-Morpholinyl)sydnonimine (SIN-1), induced TNFalpha in microglia, and the effects of SIN-1 were completely abolished in the presence of superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 22-29 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 125-130 21981804-8 2011 Taken together, these results showed that O(2)(-) is an important signaling molecule for activating the MKK3/6-p38 cascade, which is requisite for inducing TNFalpha in microglia. Superoxides 42-46 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 156-164 21784060-7 2011 Interestingly, calyculin A enhanced formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP)-induced superoxide production, while genistein inhibited this process. Superoxides 70-80 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 36-54 21784060-7 2011 Interestingly, calyculin A enhanced formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP)-induced superoxide production, while genistein inhibited this process. Superoxides 70-80 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 56-60 21704159-4 2011 We now show that SOD1 is expressed in cortical neurons, that SOD1 expression is increased by exposure of brain slice cultures to E(2), and that the E(2)-mediated increase in SOD1 expression is further augmented by exposure of brain slice cultures to increased superoxide levels or oxygen and glucose deprivation. Superoxides 260-270 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 17-21 21926345-5 2011 Also, the inhibition of VAMP-2 with tetanus toxin or VAMP-2 siRNA abolished FasL-induced MR clustering, its colocalization with a NADPH oxidase unit gp91(phox), and increased superoxide production. Superoxides 175-185 vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 Bos taurus 24-30 21926345-5 2011 Also, the inhibition of VAMP-2 with tetanus toxin or VAMP-2 siRNA abolished FasL-induced MR clustering, its colocalization with a NADPH oxidase unit gp91(phox), and increased superoxide production. Superoxides 175-185 vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 Bos taurus 53-59 21926345-5 2011 Also, the inhibition of VAMP-2 with tetanus toxin or VAMP-2 siRNA abolished FasL-induced MR clustering, its colocalization with a NADPH oxidase unit gp91(phox), and increased superoxide production. Superoxides 175-185 Fas ligand Bos taurus 76-80 21826531-8 2011 Superoxide production was higher in both MAT and SMA of Lepr(db) mice, and anti-IFNgamma reduced MAT and SMA superoxide production. Superoxides 109-119 interferon gamma Mus musculus 80-88 21748763-9 2011 Mitochondrial production of superoxide was increased in the jnk2(-/-) and WT mice, compared to the jnk1(-/-) mice, upon pyrazole plus TNF-alpha treatment. Superoxides 28-38 mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 Mus musculus 60-64 21748763-9 2011 Mitochondrial production of superoxide was increased in the jnk2(-/-) and WT mice, compared to the jnk1(-/-) mice, upon pyrazole plus TNF-alpha treatment. Superoxides 28-38 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 134-143 21847495-1 2011 Our previous studies identified two 2-benzoylaminobenzoate derivatives 1, which potently inhibited superoxide (O(2) (-)) generation induced by formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP) in human neutrophils. Superoxides 99-109 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 188-192 21866283-6 2011 DFT calculations support a proposal that [Co(II)(mebpena)](+) reacts with O(2) to form a Co(III)-superoxide complex which can abstract an H atom from a ligand methylene C atom as the initial step towards the observed oxidative C-N bond cleavage. Superoxides 97-107 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 42-47 21866283-6 2011 DFT calculations support a proposal that [Co(II)(mebpena)](+) reacts with O(2) to form a Co(III)-superoxide complex which can abstract an H atom from a ligand methylene C atom as the initial step towards the observed oxidative C-N bond cleavage. Superoxides 97-107 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III Homo sapiens 92-95 21395369-3 2011 RESULTS: Exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) treatment or knockdown of the major superoxide scavenger enzyme, superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), by small interfering RNA (siRNA) increases autophagy in mouse and human cell lines. Superoxides 84-94 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 113-135 21395369-3 2011 RESULTS: Exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) treatment or knockdown of the major superoxide scavenger enzyme, superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), by small interfering RNA (siRNA) increases autophagy in mouse and human cell lines. Superoxides 84-94 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 137-141 21847495-1 2011 Our previous studies identified two 2-benzoylaminobenzoate derivatives 1, which potently inhibited superoxide (O(2) (-)) generation induced by formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP) in human neutrophils. Superoxides 111-114 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 188-192 21847495-3 2011 Of these, compounds 17, 18, 46, 49, and 50 showed the most potent inhibitory effect on FMLP-induced release of O(2) (-) in human neutrophils with IC(50) values of 0.20, 0.16, 0.15, 0.06, and 0.29 muM, respectively. Superoxides 111-115 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 87-91 21847495-3 2011 Of these, compounds 17, 18, 46, 49, and 50 showed the most potent inhibitory effect on FMLP-induced release of O(2) (-) in human neutrophils with IC(50) values of 0.20, 0.16, 0.15, 0.06, and 0.29 muM, respectively. Superoxides 111-115 latexin Homo sapiens 196-199 21443684-2 2011 Lack of SOD1 may lead to increased superoxide, reduced nitric oxide (NO), and increased peroxynitrite, each of which could initiate muscle fiber loss. Superoxides 35-45 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 8-12 22004287-5 2011 The generation of eosinophil superoxide anion (O2-) was examined based on the superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of cytochrome C. Superoxides 29-45 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 124-136 22004287-5 2011 The generation of eosinophil superoxide anion (O2-) was examined based on the superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of cytochrome C. Superoxides 47-50 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 124-136 21443684-7 2011 Muscle fibers from Sod1(-/-) mice showed substantially reduced generation of superoxide in response to contractions compared with fibers from WT mice. Superoxides 77-87 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 19-23 21803947-6 2011 Compared with WT-HFD mice, ApoE(-/-)-HFD mice displayed an increase in total plasma cholesterol levels (P < 0.001), vascular (P < 0.05) and platelet (P < 0.05) superoxide (O(2)( -)) production, and reduced endogenous NO( ) bioavailability (P < 0.001). Superoxides 169-179 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 27-31 21821620-10 2011 Polymers of alpha1AT primed neutrophils with CD62L shedding and increased superoxide production following ANCA activation. Superoxides 74-84 serpin family A member 1 Homo sapiens 12-20 21729921-7 2011 Propofol ameliorated Ang II-induced NADPH oxidase expression and activation (P<0.01), lipid peroxidation (P<0.05), and superoxide anion generation (P<0.05), whereas restoring NOSIII phosphorylation and activity (P<0.01) were down-regulated by Ang II. Superoxides 125-141 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 21-27 21832879-4 2011 Mutant p53 melanoma were resistant to a comparable metabolic restriction, only showing PARP fragmentation when glucose depletion was accompanied by treatment with diphenylene iodonium (DPI), a NADPH oxidase inhibitor of superoxide (O2*-) generation. Superoxides 220-230 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 7-10 21832879-4 2011 Mutant p53 melanoma were resistant to a comparable metabolic restriction, only showing PARP fragmentation when glucose depletion was accompanied by treatment with diphenylene iodonium (DPI), a NADPH oxidase inhibitor of superoxide (O2*-) generation. Superoxides 232-234 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 7-10 21757500-0 2011 Role of superoxide radical anion in the mechanism of apoB100 degradation induced by DHA in hepatic cells. Superoxides 8-32 apolipoprotein B Homo sapiens 53-60 21736939-3 2011 rd10(+/+) mice deficient in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) showed increased levels of superoxide radicals and carbonyl adducts (a marker of oxidative damage) in the retina and more rapid loss of cone function than rd10(+/+) mice with normal levels of SOD1. Superoxides 28-38 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 52-56 21736939-3 2011 rd10(+/+) mice deficient in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) showed increased levels of superoxide radicals and carbonyl adducts (a marker of oxidative damage) in the retina and more rapid loss of cone function than rd10(+/+) mice with normal levels of SOD1. Superoxides 28-38 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 250-254 21757500-5 2011 We hypothesized that superoxide (SO) was a major participant in DHA-induced apoB100 degradation, given its promotion of lipid peroxidation. Superoxides 21-31 apolipoprotein B Homo sapiens 76-83 21757500-5 2011 We hypothesized that superoxide (SO) was a major participant in DHA-induced apoB100 degradation, given its promotion of lipid peroxidation. Superoxides 33-35 apolipoprotein B Homo sapiens 76-83 21859962-4 2011 Stretch-induced fluorescence was reduced significantly (P<0.05) by incubation with Tempol (3.7+-0.8%), pegylated superoxide dismutase (3.2+-1.0%), or apocynin (3.5+-0.9%) but not by pegylated catalase, L-nitroarginine methylester, or Ca(2+)-free medium, relating it to Ca(2+)-independent vascular superoxide. Superoxides 116-126 catalase Mus musculus 195-203 22217996-3 2011 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3), a copper and zinc superoxide dismutase, which is expressed in selected tissues, is secreted into the extracellular space and catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radical to hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. Superoxides 197-215 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 36-40 21876076-10 2011 Preincubation with superoxide inhibitor or scavenger attenuated the Ang II-induced vasoconstriction in control but not in MS rats. Superoxides 19-29 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 68-74 21875910-5 2011 Depletion of LysM(+) cells attenuated ATII-induced blood pressure increase (measured by radiotelemetry) and vascular endothelial and smooth muscle dysfunction (assessed by aortic ring relaxation studies) and reduced vascular superoxide formation (measured by chemiluminescence, cytochrome c assay, and oxidative fluorescence microtopography) and the expression of NADPH oxidase subunits gp91(phox) and p67(phox) (assessed by Western blot and mRNA reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction). Superoxides 225-235 lysozyme 2 Mus musculus 13-17 21865594-1 2011 Superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1) is an important antioxidative enzyme that converts superoxide anions to hydrogen peroxide and water. Superoxides 81-98 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-22 21865594-1 2011 Superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1) is an important antioxidative enzyme that converts superoxide anions to hydrogen peroxide and water. Superoxides 81-98 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 24-28 21804961-0 2011 Superoxide radical biosensor based on a nano-composite containing cytochrome c. Superoxides 0-18 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 66-78 21804961-1 2011 A biosensor for the quantification of superoxide radical (O(2) (-)) was developed based on a nano-composite containing cytochrome c (Cyt c), carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes and a room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL). Superoxides 38-56 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 119-131 21804961-1 2011 A biosensor for the quantification of superoxide radical (O(2) (-)) was developed based on a nano-composite containing cytochrome c (Cyt c), carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes and a room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL). Superoxides 38-56 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 133-138 21804961-1 2011 A biosensor for the quantification of superoxide radical (O(2) (-)) was developed based on a nano-composite containing cytochrome c (Cyt c), carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes and a room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL). Superoxides 58-66 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 119-131 21804961-1 2011 A biosensor for the quantification of superoxide radical (O(2) (-)) was developed based on a nano-composite containing cytochrome c (Cyt c), carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes and a room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL). Superoxides 58-66 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 133-138 21804961-4 2011 The biosensor showed a relatively high sensitivity (7.455 A M(-1) cm(-2)) and a long term stability (180 days) towards O(2) (-) in the concentration range from 0.05 to 8.1 muM with a detection limit of 0.03 muM. Superoxides 119-123 latexin Homo sapiens 172-175 21804961-4 2011 The biosensor showed a relatively high sensitivity (7.455 A M(-1) cm(-2)) and a long term stability (180 days) towards O(2) (-) in the concentration range from 0.05 to 8.1 muM with a detection limit of 0.03 muM. Superoxides 119-123 latexin Homo sapiens 207-210 20712406-4 2011 p53 orchestrates mitochondrial redox signaling by the coordinated control of at least two key effectors: the superoxide scavenger MnSOD, and the ROS generator p66shc. Superoxides 109-119 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 0-3 21586323-5 2011 Our findings demonstrate that Nox2ds, but not its scrambled control, potently inhibited superoxide (O(2)( -)) production in the Nox2 cell-free system, as assessed by the cytochrome c assay. Superoxides 88-98 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 170-182 21586323-5 2011 Our findings demonstrate that Nox2ds, but not its scrambled control, potently inhibited superoxide (O(2)( -)) production in the Nox2 cell-free system, as assessed by the cytochrome c assay. Superoxides 100-104 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 170-182 22308229-2 2011 Our previous study has shown that angiotensin II (Ang II)-NADPH oxidase-superoxide signaling is associated with the reduced cell excitability in the aortic baroreceptor neurons (a primary afferent limb of the arterial baroreflex) from diabetic rats. Superoxides 72-82 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 34-48 21708247-6 2011 The critical role of NADPH-oxidase-dependent superoxide generation in this cross-talk mechanism is corroborated by the finding that apocynin or a siRNA against p22(phox) prevents EGFR transactivation and c-Src kinase activity. Superoxides 45-55 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 179-183 22308229-2 2011 Our previous study has shown that angiotensin II (Ang II)-NADPH oxidase-superoxide signaling is associated with the reduced cell excitability in the aortic baroreceptor neurons (a primary afferent limb of the arterial baroreflex) from diabetic rats. Superoxides 72-82 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 50-56 22308229-8 2011 These results indicate that overactivation of the Ang II-NADPH oxidase-superoxide signal pathway in the nodose ganglia contributes to the blunted baroreflex sensitivity in diabetes. Superoxides 71-81 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 50-56 21896159-6 2011 ApoE KO-MNC mice also have reduced production of superoxide anions and increased eNOS expression compared to apoE KO mice. Superoxides 49-66 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 0-4 21703327-7 2011 Exposure of bronchial epithelial cells to O(2)(-), ONOO(-) or H(2)O(2) induced expression of CHOP, whereas NO alone did not. Superoxides 42-46 DNA damage inducible transcript 3 Homo sapiens 93-97 21703327-8 2011 Induction of CHOP mRNA by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) was attenuated by scavengers for O(2)(-), ONOO(-) or NO, whereas scavenging H(2)O(2) did not affect the induction of CHOP. Superoxides 89-93 DNA damage inducible transcript 3 Homo sapiens 13-17 21703327-14 2011 These results suggest that O(2)(-) and ONOO(-) are selectively involved in CSE-triggered induction of CHOP and that the PERK-eIF2alpha pathway plays a crucial role in the induction of CHOP and apoptosis downstream of the particular reactive oxygen species. Superoxides 27-31 DNA damage inducible transcript 3 Homo sapiens 102-106 21703327-9 2011 Like CSE, O(2)(-) and ONOO(-) caused activation of the CHOP gene promoter. Superoxides 10-14 DNA damage inducible transcript 3 Homo sapiens 55-59 21703327-10 2011 Scavengers for O(2)(-), ONOO(-) or NO attenuated CSE-triggered activation of the CHOP gene promoter. Superoxides 15-19 DNA damage inducible transcript 3 Homo sapiens 81-85 21719741-1 2011 Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2) prevents accumulation of the superoxide that arises as a consequence of oxidative phosphorylation. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 36-40 21724868-0 2011 Suppression of eNOS-derived superoxide by caveolin-1: a biopterin-dependent mechanism. Superoxides 28-38 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 15-19 21724868-0 2011 Suppression of eNOS-derived superoxide by caveolin-1: a biopterin-dependent mechanism. Superoxides 28-38 caveolin 1 Homo sapiens 42-52 21724868-2 2011 In the absence of the requisite eNOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)), NADPH oxidation is uncoupled from NO generation, leading to the production of superoxide. Superoxides 153-163 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 32-36 21724868-4 2011 In the current study, we investigated the effects of both BH(4) depletion and oxidation on eNOS-derived superoxide production in endothelial cells in an attempt to elucidate the molecular mechanisms regulating eNOS oxidase activity. Superoxides 104-114 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 91-95 21724868-9 2011 Moreover, when caveolin-1 silencing was combined with a pharmacological inhibitor of AKT, BH(4) depletion increased eNOS-derived superoxide to 165% of that observed with BH(4) oxidation. Superoxides 129-139 caveolin 1 Homo sapiens 15-25 21724868-9 2011 Moreover, when caveolin-1 silencing was combined with a pharmacological inhibitor of AKT, BH(4) depletion increased eNOS-derived superoxide to 165% of that observed with BH(4) oxidation. Superoxides 129-139 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 85-88 21724868-9 2011 Moreover, when caveolin-1 silencing was combined with a pharmacological inhibitor of AKT, BH(4) depletion increased eNOS-derived superoxide to 165% of that observed with BH(4) oxidation. Superoxides 129-139 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 116-120 21198553-8 2011 NADPH-oxidase-derived superoxide avidly reacts with eNOS-derived NO to form peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)). Superoxides 22-32 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 52-56 21642378-4 2011 Furthermore, new data are presented that provide novel insights into how disruption of the eNOS dimer prevents eNOS uncoupling and the production of superoxide under conditions of elevated oxidative stress and identifies a novel regulatory region we have termed the "flexible arm". Superoxides 149-159 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 91-95 21705187-5 2011 Serotonin and superoxide produced by polymorphonuclear leukocytes were also higher than in coronary disease patients (5.4 ng/mL, P = 0.001, and 97 nmol/10 x E8 x minutes, P = 0.005), and big endothelin-1 levels tended to be higher (0.99 fmol/mL, P = 0.073). Superoxides 14-24 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 191-203 21838680-2 2011 The increased oxidative stress in subjects with type 2 diabetes is a consequence of several abnormalities, including hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia, each of which contributes to mitochondrial superoxide overproduction in endothelial cells of large and small vessels as well as the myocardium. Superoxides 231-241 insulin Homo sapiens 132-139 22156677-5 2011 Superoxide radicals as secondary messengers involve in the induction of T cells viability and proliferative activity regulating genes (CD95L and IL-2) and by this way contribute modification of cell proliferation and apoptosis intensity. Superoxides 0-19 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 145-149 21700895-0 2011 Effects of acute and chronic endurance exercise on intracellular nitric oxide and superoxide in circulating CD34+ and CD34- cells. Superoxides 82-92 CD34 molecule Homo sapiens 108-112 21700895-0 2011 Effects of acute and chronic endurance exercise on intracellular nitric oxide and superoxide in circulating CD34+ and CD34- cells. Superoxides 82-92 CD34 molecule Homo sapiens 118-122 21642378-4 2011 Furthermore, new data are presented that provide novel insights into how disruption of the eNOS dimer prevents eNOS uncoupling and the production of superoxide under conditions of elevated oxidative stress and identifies a novel regulatory region we have termed the "flexible arm". Superoxides 149-159 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 111-115 21697181-0 2011 Contribution of persistent C-Jun N-terminal kinase activity to the survival of human vestibular schwannoma cells by suppression of accumulation of mitochondrial superoxides. Superoxides 161-172 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 27-50 21966644-7 2011 RESULTS: Superoxide levels increased 1.4-fold in the muscle of mice with cancer cachexia, and this was associated with a decrease in mRNA of NOX enzyme subunits, NOX2, p40(phox) and p67(phox) along with the antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2 and GPx. Superoxides 9-19 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 227-231 21966644-7 2011 RESULTS: Superoxide levels increased 1.4-fold in the muscle of mice with cancer cachexia, and this was associated with a decrease in mRNA of NOX enzyme subunits, NOX2, p40(phox) and p67(phox) along with the antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2 and GPx. Superoxides 9-19 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 233-237 21665943-3 2011 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide anions. Superoxides 56-73 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 21665943-8 2011 Inhalation of PC-SOD suppressed the elastase-induced increase in the pulmonary level of superoxide anions and apoptosis. Superoxides 88-105 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 14-20 21665943-11 2011 The results suggest that PC-SOD protects against pulmonary emphysema by decreasing the pulmonary level of superoxide anions, resulting in the inhibition of inflammation and apoptosis and amelioration of the protease/antiprotease imbalance. Superoxides 106-123 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 25-31 21697181-9 2011 VS cultures treated with JNK inhibitors demonstrated significantly higher levels of MitoSOX Red fluorescence, implying that persistent JNK activity specifically suppresses superoxide production in the mitochondria. Superoxides 172-182 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 25-28 21697181-9 2011 VS cultures treated with JNK inhibitors demonstrated significantly higher levels of MitoSOX Red fluorescence, implying that persistent JNK activity specifically suppresses superoxide production in the mitochondria. Superoxides 172-182 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 135-138 21635951-5 2011 However, high amounts of NO produced by inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and/or peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), a reactive intermediate of NO with superoxide anion are involved in pro-inflammatory reactions and tissue damage as well. Superoxides 136-152 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 40-61 21697181-11 2011 Taken together, these results indicate that persistent JNK activity enhances VS cell survival, at least in part, by suppressing accumulation of mitochondrial superoxides. Superoxides 158-169 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 55-58 21563797-6 2011 Tat-Sab(KIM1) selectivity was also demonstrated in anisomycin-stressed HeLa cells where Tat-Sab(KIM1) prevented Bcl-2 phosphorylation, cell death, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and superoxide generation but not c-Jun phosphorylation. Superoxides 193-203 SH3 domain binding protein 5 Homo sapiens 4-7 21860369-12 2011 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases and uncoupled nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were the major sources of superoxide in VV, because their inhibitors greatly attenuated superoxide production in VV. Superoxides 129-139 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 75-96 21860369-12 2011 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases and uncoupled nitric oxide synthase (NOS) were the major sources of superoxide in VV, because their inhibitors greatly attenuated superoxide production in VV. Superoxides 191-201 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 75-96 21563797-6 2011 Tat-Sab(KIM1) selectivity was also demonstrated in anisomycin-stressed HeLa cells where Tat-Sab(KIM1) prevented Bcl-2 phosphorylation, cell death, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and superoxide generation but not c-Jun phosphorylation. Superoxides 193-203 SH3 domain binding protein 5 Homo sapiens 92-95 21666221-0 2011 Superoxide induces endothelial nitric-oxide synthase protein thiyl radical formation, a novel mechanism regulating eNOS function and coupling. Superoxides 0-10 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 19-52 21666221-0 2011 Superoxide induces endothelial nitric-oxide synthase protein thiyl radical formation, a novel mechanism regulating eNOS function and coupling. Superoxides 0-10 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 115-119 21666221-3 2011 We demonstrate endothelial NOS (eNOS) oxidant-induced protein thiyl radical formation from tetrahydrobiopterin-free enzyme or following exposure to exogenous superoxide using immunoblotting, immunostaining, and mass spectrometry. Superoxides 158-168 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 15-30 21666221-3 2011 We demonstrate endothelial NOS (eNOS) oxidant-induced protein thiyl radical formation from tetrahydrobiopterin-free enzyme or following exposure to exogenous superoxide using immunoblotting, immunostaining, and mass spectrometry. Superoxides 158-168 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 32-36 21666221-4 2011 Spin trapping with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) followed by immunoblotting using an anti-DMPO antibody demonstrated the formation of eNOS protein radicals, which were abolished by superoxide dismutase and L-NAME, indicating that protein radical formation was due to superoxide generation from the eNOS heme. Superoxides 191-201 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 144-148 21666221-4 2011 Spin trapping with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) followed by immunoblotting using an anti-DMPO antibody demonstrated the formation of eNOS protein radicals, which were abolished by superoxide dismutase and L-NAME, indicating that protein radical formation was due to superoxide generation from the eNOS heme. Superoxides 191-201 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 308-312 21666221-9 2011 Furthermore, in endothelial cells treated with menadione to trigger cellular superoxide generation, eNOS protein radical formation, as visualized with confocal microscopy, was increased, and these results were confirmed by immunoprecipitation with anti-eNOS antibody, followed by immunoblotting with an anti-DMPO antibody. Superoxides 77-87 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 100-104 21666221-9 2011 Furthermore, in endothelial cells treated with menadione to trigger cellular superoxide generation, eNOS protein radical formation, as visualized with confocal microscopy, was increased, and these results were confirmed by immunoprecipitation with anti-eNOS antibody, followed by immunoblotting with an anti-DMPO antibody. Superoxides 77-87 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 253-257 21666221-10 2011 Thus, eNOS protein radical formation provides the basis for a mechanism of superoxide-directed regulation of eNOS, involving thiol oxidation, defining a unique pathway for the redox regulation of cardiovascular function. Superoxides 75-85 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 6-10 21666221-10 2011 Thus, eNOS protein radical formation provides the basis for a mechanism of superoxide-directed regulation of eNOS, involving thiol oxidation, defining a unique pathway for the redox regulation of cardiovascular function. Superoxides 75-85 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 109-113 21620448-2 2011 NADPH oxidase is a major source of intracellular superoxide, which is converted to the less toxic product by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 49-59 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 109-129 21709927-0 2011 CdSe/ZnS quantum dot-Cytochrome c bioconjugates for selective intracellular O2 - sensing. Superoxides 76-78 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 21-33 21709927-1 2011 We demonstrate that the coupling system of negatively capped CdSe/ZnS QDs with an oxidized Cytochrome c (Cyt c) is capable of the fluorescent imaging of a superoxide radical (O(2) -) with high sensitivity and specificity in living cells, without interference from other Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) or relevant intracellular components. Superoxides 155-173 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 91-103 21709927-1 2011 We demonstrate that the coupling system of negatively capped CdSe/ZnS QDs with an oxidized Cytochrome c (Cyt c) is capable of the fluorescent imaging of a superoxide radical (O(2) -) with high sensitivity and specificity in living cells, without interference from other Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) or relevant intracellular components. Superoxides 155-173 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 105-110 21709927-1 2011 We demonstrate that the coupling system of negatively capped CdSe/ZnS QDs with an oxidized Cytochrome c (Cyt c) is capable of the fluorescent imaging of a superoxide radical (O(2) -) with high sensitivity and specificity in living cells, without interference from other Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) or relevant intracellular components. Superoxides 175-182 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 91-103 21709927-1 2011 We demonstrate that the coupling system of negatively capped CdSe/ZnS QDs with an oxidized Cytochrome c (Cyt c) is capable of the fluorescent imaging of a superoxide radical (O(2) -) with high sensitivity and specificity in living cells, without interference from other Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) or relevant intracellular components. Superoxides 175-182 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 105-110 21659534-6 2011 Furthermore, the tMPT/superoxide flash served as a convergence point for pro- and anti-apoptotic regulation mediated by cyclophilin D and Bcl-2 proteins. Superoxides 22-32 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 138-143 21621610-1 2011 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (ECSOD) is the major superoxide-scavenging enzyme in the lung. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 36-41 21640818-2 2011 It has been shown that, in the absence of gamma-interferon inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (GILT), cells are under increased oxidative stress with higher superoxide levels and decreased stability, expression, and function of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2). Superoxides 158-168 IFI30 lysosomal thiol reductase Homo sapiens 96-100 21620448-2 2011 NADPH oxidase is a major source of intracellular superoxide, which is converted to the less toxic product by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 49-59 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 131-134 21620448-3 2011 Superoxide contributes to hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha stabilization. Superoxides 0-10 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 26-63 21487074-9 2011 In cell culture, exposure of lung fibroblasts to Ang II increased CTGF expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which could be abolished by inhibition of superoxide, NO, and peroxynitrite accumulation. Superoxides 162-172 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 49-55 21712056-10 2011 The ability of BRS-3 to regulate EGFR transactivation in NCI-H1299-BRS-3 cells was reduced by AG1478 or gefitinib (EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors), GM6001 (matrix metalloprotease inhibitor), PP2 (Src inhibitor), N-acetylcysteine (anti-oxidant), Tiron (superoxide scavenger) and DPI (NADPH oxidase inhibitor). Superoxides 253-263 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 33-37 21737013-13 2011 CONCLUSIONS: Small arteries from visceral fat of obese patients are characterized by an increased TNF-alpha production, which reduces NO availability by promoting superoxide generation via nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and iNOS activation. Superoxides 163-173 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 98-107 21635550-6 2011 Additionally, the function of JNK pathway in generation of superoxide anion was determined. Superoxides 59-75 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 30-33 21474820-5 2011 IL17A/ApoE(-/-) mice had reduced aortic superoxide production, increased aortic nitric oxide levels, decreased aortic leukocyte and dendritic cell infiltration, and reduced weight gain after a high-fat diet compared with ApoE(-/-) mice. Superoxides 40-50 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 6-10 21285291-8 2011 Activation of Ang II-stimulated signalling pathways in the ACE2-deficient myocardium was associated with increased expression and phosphorylation of p47(phox), NADPH oxidase activity, and superoxide generation, leading to enhanced MMP-mediated degradation of the extracellular matrix. Superoxides 188-198 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 14-20 21285291-8 2011 Activation of Ang II-stimulated signalling pathways in the ACE2-deficient myocardium was associated with increased expression and phosphorylation of p47(phox), NADPH oxidase activity, and superoxide generation, leading to enhanced MMP-mediated degradation of the extracellular matrix. Superoxides 188-198 angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 2 Mus musculus 59-63 21285291-9 2011 Additional loss of p47(phox) in the ACE2KO mice normalized the increased NADPH oxidase activity, superoxide production, and systolic dysfunction following pressure overload. Superoxides 97-107 NSFL1 (p97) cofactor (p47) Mus musculus 19-22 21285291-9 2011 Additional loss of p47(phox) in the ACE2KO mice normalized the increased NADPH oxidase activity, superoxide production, and systolic dysfunction following pressure overload. Superoxides 97-107 NSFL1 (p97) cofactor (p47) Mus musculus 23-27 21419845-7 2011 The suppression of oxygen consumption by addition of SOD or catalase further confirmed the production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 105-115 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 53-56 21419845-7 2011 The suppression of oxygen consumption by addition of SOD or catalase further confirmed the production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 105-115 catalase Homo sapiens 60-68 21545835-8 2011 This EPR signal was quenched by the addition of the superoxide scavenging enzyme Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1). Superoxides 52-62 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 109-113 21545835-0 2011 Removal of H2O2 and generation of superoxide radical: role of cytochrome c and NADH. Superoxides 34-52 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 62-74 21545835-9 2011 The amount of superoxide radical adduct formed from the oxidation of NADH by the peroxidase activity of Fe3+cyt c increased with NADH and H2O2 concentration. Superoxides 14-24 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 108-113 21545835-10 2011 From these results, we propose a mechanism in which the peroxidase activity of Fe3+cyt c oxidizes NADH to NAD( ), which in turn donates an electron to O2, resulting in superoxide radical formation. Superoxides 151-153 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 83-88 21545835-10 2011 From these results, we propose a mechanism in which the peroxidase activity of Fe3+cyt c oxidizes NADH to NAD( ), which in turn donates an electron to O2, resulting in superoxide radical formation. Superoxides 168-178 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 83-88 21545835-12 2011 Our results suggest that Fe3+cyt c could have a novel role in the deleterious effects of ischemia/reperfusion and diabetes due to increased production of superoxide radical. Superoxides 154-172 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 29-34 21545836-7 2011 Treatment with the Nrf2 activator CDDO-Me increased antioxidant gene expression and normalized I/R-induced superoxide in the retina in wild-type but not Nrf2(-/-) mice. Superoxides 107-117 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 19-23 21474567-8 2011 In contrast, anti-PECAM/SOD, but not anti-PECAM/catalase, inhibited a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced increase in endothelial permeability, identifying a key role of endogenous O(2)() in the VEGF-mediated regulation of endothelial barrier function. Superoxides 195-201 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 70-104 21554318-7 2011 Interestingly, NSC34 cells expressing mutant SOD1 are more sensitive to a superoxide-induced oxidative stress. Superoxides 74-84 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 45-49 21474567-8 2011 In contrast, anti-PECAM/SOD, but not anti-PECAM/catalase, inhibited a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced increase in endothelial permeability, identifying a key role of endogenous O(2)() in the VEGF-mediated regulation of endothelial barrier function. Superoxides 195-201 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 106-110 20586113-2 2011 However, superoxide production during respiratory burst (RB) of non-differentiated THP-1 (nd-THP-1) cells is very low. Superoxides 9-19 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 83-88 20586113-2 2011 However, superoxide production during respiratory burst (RB) of non-differentiated THP-1 (nd-THP-1) cells is very low. Superoxides 9-19 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 93-98 21600945-8 2011 Stimulation of B1R with a selective agonist (des-Arg9-BK, 10 muM; 30 min) increased O2( -)production which was prevented by apocynin and diphenyleneiodonium (NADPH oxidase inhibitors). Superoxides 84-86 bradykinin receptor B1 Homo sapiens 15-18 21421868-2 2011 METHODS: In the SOD1 total knockout (SOD1-deficient) mice, the level of superoxide anion was measured using dihydroethidium. Superoxides 72-88 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 16-20 21443946-7 2011 Knockdown of Nrf2 expression using an siRNA approach attenuated basal Nox4 expression; however, it enhanced superoxide/ROS generation under both normoxia and hyperoxia. Superoxides 108-118 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 13-17 21421868-2 2011 METHODS: In the SOD1 total knockout (SOD1-deficient) mice, the level of superoxide anion was measured using dihydroethidium. Superoxides 72-88 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 37-41 21421868-8 2011 RESULTS: The level of superoxide anion in the RGC layer was significantly higher in 24-week-old SOD1-deficient mice than in wild-type mice. Superoxides 22-38 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 96-100 21474673-2 2011 We recently showed that Bcl-2 overexpression inhibited apoptosis in leukemia cells by creating a pro-oxidant intracellular milieu, and that inhibiting intracellular superoxide production sensitized Bcl-2-overexpressing cells to apoptotic stimuli. Superoxides 165-175 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 24-29 21474673-2 2011 We recently showed that Bcl-2 overexpression inhibited apoptosis in leukemia cells by creating a pro-oxidant intracellular milieu, and that inhibiting intracellular superoxide production sensitized Bcl-2-overexpressing cells to apoptotic stimuli. Superoxides 165-175 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 198-203 21474673-3 2011 We report here that silencing and functional inhibition of Rac1 block Bcl-2-mediated increase in intracellular superoxide levels in tumor cells. Superoxides 111-121 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 70-75 21474673-6 2011 That this interaction is functionally relevant is supported by the ability of the Bcl-2 BH3 peptide as well as the silencing and functional inhibition of Rac1 to inhibit intracellular superoxide production as well as overcome Bcl-2-mediated drug resistance in human leukemia cells and cervical cancer cells. Superoxides 184-194 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 82-87 22396877-3 2011 However, in addition to the "classical" humoral RAS there exist local RAS in many tissues and locally formed AII activates NADPH-dependent oxidases, which are a major source of superoxide and are upregulated in major aging-related diseases such as hypertension, diabetes and atherosclerosis. Superoxides 177-187 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 109-112 21570954-3 2011 Superoxide production was increased 2.4-fold in the skeletal muscle of Ang II infused mice, and this increase was prevented in p47(phox)(-/-) mice. Superoxides 0-10 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 71-77 21570954-3 2011 Superoxide production was increased 2.4-fold in the skeletal muscle of Ang II infused mice, and this increase was prevented in p47(phox)(-/-) mice. Superoxides 0-10 NSFL1 (p97) cofactor (p47) Mus musculus 127-130 21570954-4 2011 Apocynin treatment prevented Ang II-induced superoxide production in skeletal muscle, consistent with Ang II increasing NADPH oxidase derived ROS. Superoxides 44-54 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 29-35 21411480-2 2011 In this study, we report that human embryonic kidney cells (HEK) exposed to renin or prorenin for 24 h in the presence of a blocking concentration of the angtiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor perindoprilate increased superoxide anion production as measured by luminescence (lucigenin) and electron spin resonance spectroscopy (hydroxylamine radical transition). Superoxides 220-236 renin Homo sapiens 76-81 21427411-12 2011 These findings demonstrate for the first time that AMPK activation rescues impaired EPC functions and suppresses mitochondrial superoxide by inducing MnSOD in type 1 diabetes. Superoxides 127-137 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 150-155 21397009-2 2011 The mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is activated after oxidative modification of its critical thiol moieties by superoxide anion (O2( -)). Superoxides 154-170 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 72-76 21397009-2 2011 The mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS) Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is activated after oxidative modification of its critical thiol moieties by superoxide anion (O2( -)). Superoxides 172-174 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 72-76 20945388-4 2011 MSF-2 inhibited fMLP-induced neutrophil superoxide anion production, cathepsin G release and migration in human neutrophils isolated from healthy volunteers, reflecting inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) activation. Superoxides 40-56 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 16-20 20945388-5 2011 Specifically, PI3K/AKT activation results in migration, degranulation and superoxide anion production in neutrophils. Superoxides 74-90 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 19-22 21376054-4 2011 Further, Ang-II induced WISP1 was superoxide-dependent, and inhibited by DPI, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidases, and by knockdown of NOX2. Superoxides 34-44 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 9-15 21376054-4 2011 Further, Ang-II induced WISP1 was superoxide-dependent, and inhibited by DPI, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidases, and by knockdown of NOX2. Superoxides 34-44 cellular communication network factor 4 Rattus norvegicus 24-29 21376054-6 2011 Ang-II induced WISP1 expression via superoxide/Akt/GSK3beta/beta-catenin/TCF/LEF and by Akt-dependent CREB activation. Superoxides 36-46 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-6 21376054-6 2011 Ang-II induced WISP1 expression via superoxide/Akt/GSK3beta/beta-catenin/TCF/LEF and by Akt-dependent CREB activation. Superoxides 36-46 cellular communication network factor 4 Rattus norvegicus 15-20 21376054-7 2011 Further, Ang-II also activated CREB via superoxide-mediated p38 MAPK and ERK activation. Superoxides 40-50 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 9-15 21376054-7 2011 Further, Ang-II also activated CREB via superoxide-mediated p38 MAPK and ERK activation. Superoxides 40-50 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 73-76 21454694-7 2011 In cytokine-treated human lung microvascular endothelial cells, disruption of B1R-CPM heterodimers inhibited B1R-dependent NO production stimulated by bradykinin and blocked the increased endothelial permeability caused by treatment with bradykinin and pyrogallol (a superoxide generator). Superoxides 267-277 bradykinin receptor B1 Homo sapiens 78-81 21511303-11 2011 The angiotensin II response involves the production of superoxide and the development of oxidative stress. Superoxides 55-65 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 4-18 21463685-0 2011 The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway mediates retinal progenitor cell survival under hypoxic and superoxide stress. Superoxides 86-96 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 9-12 21454694-7 2011 In cytokine-treated human lung microvascular endothelial cells, disruption of B1R-CPM heterodimers inhibited B1R-dependent NO production stimulated by bradykinin and blocked the increased endothelial permeability caused by treatment with bradykinin and pyrogallol (a superoxide generator). Superoxides 267-277 bradykinin receptor B1 Homo sapiens 109-112 21513697-0 2011 Reduced endothelial dependent vasodilation in vessels from TLR4(-/-) mice is associated with increased superoxide generation. Superoxides 103-113 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 59-63 21391659-3 2011 Compounds 6-8, 11, 13, and 15 exhibited inhibition (IC50 values<=18.4 muM) of superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils in response to formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB). Superoxides 81-97 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 205-209 21513697-4 2011 We have used en face confocal imaging of mesenteric arteries from mice deficient in the TLR4 receptor stained with dihydroethidium (DHE) to measure superoxide production. Superoxides 148-158 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 88-92 21513697-6 2011 Mesenteric arteries from TLR4(-/-) mice had a reduced endothelial dependent relaxant response and increased superoxide levels when stimulated with acetylcholine. Superoxides 108-118 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 25-29 21513697-7 2011 Increased levels of superoxide, as detected by DHE staining, were seen in vessels from TLR4(-/-) mice, which were reduced to control levels in the presence of MnCl(2). Superoxides 20-30 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 87-91 21513697-8 2011 Our observations suggest that loss of TLR4 increases superoxide generation which reduces the biological activity of endothelial derived nitric oxide and thereby explains the endothelial dysfunction and associated cardiovascular phenotype in TLR4(-/-) mice. Superoxides 53-63 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 38-42 21513697-8 2011 Our observations suggest that loss of TLR4 increases superoxide generation which reduces the biological activity of endothelial derived nitric oxide and thereby explains the endothelial dysfunction and associated cardiovascular phenotype in TLR4(-/-) mice. Superoxides 53-63 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 241-245 21497204-8 2011 SIN-1 decomposition products, NO and superoxide anion or peroxynitrite, induced greater cytotoxicity in lymphocyte cultures (separately and in whole blood) supplemented with HEPES - the organic buffer that is widely used to maintain stable physiological pH in cell cultures -, due to H(2)O(2) production, than in cultures without HEPES. Superoxides 37-53 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 21575165-3 2011 ET-1 is reported to augment superoxide anion generation and may counteract nitric oxide (NO) vasodilation. Superoxides 28-44 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 21261471-1 2011 Oxidative stress has been shown to convert endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) from an NO-producing enzyme to an enzyme that generates superoxide, a process termed NOS uncoupling. Superoxides 140-150 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 43-76 21575165-14 2011 The superoxide scavenger tiron (10 muM) and the putative NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin (10 muM) leftward shifted concentration-response curves for O2 lowering without changing vasodilation to 1% O2. Superoxides 4-14 latexin Homo sapiens 35-38 21453242-3 2011 Indeed SOD blunts the cascade of oxidations initiated by superoxide. Superoxides 57-67 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 7-10 21460183-5 2011 The increased superoxide content induces c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) kinase activity, which in turn affects FOXO localization through a compensatory dephosphorylation of Akt. Superoxides 14-24 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 41-66 21460183-5 2011 The increased superoxide content induces c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) kinase activity, which in turn affects FOXO localization through a compensatory dephosphorylation of Akt. Superoxides 14-24 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 68-72 21460183-5 2011 The increased superoxide content induces c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) kinase activity, which in turn affects FOXO localization through a compensatory dephosphorylation of Akt. Superoxides 14-24 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 175-178 21454558-7 2011 Mitochondrial superoxide production was shown to be the source of JNK-induced ROS amplification, as an NADPH oxidase inhibitor demonstrated little impact on JNK-mediated ROS generation. Superoxides 14-24 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 66-69 21454558-8 2011 Using mitochondrial isolation from JNK null fibroblasts and targeting the mitochondrial scaffold of JNK, Sab, we demonstrated that mitochondrial JNK signaling was responsible for mitochondrial superoxide amplification. Superoxides 193-203 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 35-38 21454558-8 2011 Using mitochondrial isolation from JNK null fibroblasts and targeting the mitochondrial scaffold of JNK, Sab, we demonstrated that mitochondrial JNK signaling was responsible for mitochondrial superoxide amplification. Superoxides 193-203 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 100-103 21454558-8 2011 Using mitochondrial isolation from JNK null fibroblasts and targeting the mitochondrial scaffold of JNK, Sab, we demonstrated that mitochondrial JNK signaling was responsible for mitochondrial superoxide amplification. Superoxides 193-203 SH3 domain binding protein 5 Homo sapiens 105-108 21454558-8 2011 Using mitochondrial isolation from JNK null fibroblasts and targeting the mitochondrial scaffold of JNK, Sab, we demonstrated that mitochondrial JNK signaling was responsible for mitochondrial superoxide amplification. Superoxides 193-203 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 100-103 21145826-8 2011 Moreover, menadione or 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, which generate intracellular superoxide anion or hydrogen peroxide, respectively, induced ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 activation and migration. Superoxides 86-102 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 147-153 21338338-7 2011 Furthermore, in the present paper we report a 3-fold increase in cellular levels of ROS (reactive oxygen species), in particular superoxide anion, mainly produced by DS-HSF mitochondria. Superoxides 129-145 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 169-172 21284489-4 2011 Furthermore, its effect on generation of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals produced within infiltrated neutrophils was measured by cytochrome c and deoxyribose assay, respectively. Superoxides 41-51 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 130-142 21145826-8 2011 Moreover, menadione or 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone, which generate intracellular superoxide anion or hydrogen peroxide, respectively, induced ERK1/2 and JNK1/2 activation and migration. Superoxides 86-102 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 158-162 22613021-2 2011 Copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) reacts with superoxide, which is also a substrate for NO, to provide antioxidative protection. Superoxides 12-22 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 34-38 21266577-7 2011 In combination with superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, MPO oxidized urate to a reactive hydroperoxide. Superoxides 20-30 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 54-57 21443430-6 2011 This decrease in superoxide release was accompanied by diminished mRNA expression for subunit p47(phox) of the phagocyte superoxide-generating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase. Superoxides 17-27 dual oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 143-194 21443430-6 2011 This decrease in superoxide release was accompanied by diminished mRNA expression for subunit p47(phox) of the phagocyte superoxide-generating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase. Superoxides 121-131 dual oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 143-194 21321782-5 2011 At an applied potential of +300 mV, PMMA/PANI-Au(nano)/SOD-ESCFM shows highly sensitive detection of O(2) (-). Superoxides 101-105 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 55-58 21266577-12 2011 The reactions of this radical with superoxide and nitric oxide provide a plausible link between urate and MPO in cardiovascular disease. Superoxides 35-45 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 106-109 21490199-3 2011 We recently showed that decreasing the level of superoxide through the overexpression of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD-2) prevents memory deficits in the Tg2576 mouse model of AD. Superoxides 48-58 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 125-130 21490199-9 2011 Finally, in transgenic mice overexpressing SOD-2, Abeta-induced LTP impairments and superoxide generation were prevented. Superoxides 84-94 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 43-48 21425153-7 2011 Increased activation of p38MAPK, MAPKAPK2, and Hsp27 was observed in lung cancer stem cells compared with control A549 cells both before and after exposure to superoxide and chemotoxic agents. Superoxides 159-169 MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 2 Mus musculus 33-41 20977430-2 2011 Our present study was designed to evaluate whether RWPs act directly in the vascular wall improving endothelial dysfunction and O(2)( -) production induced by ET-1 and to analyse the compounds responsible for these protective effects. Superoxides 128-133 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 159-163 20977430-4 2011 ET-1 reduced the relaxant responses to acetylcholine, increased intracellular O(2)( -) production, NADPH oxidase activity and protein expression of NADPH oxidase subunit p47phox. Superoxides 78-83 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 21215798-4 2011 Inactivation of the superoxide dismutase gene (Sod2) encoding the chief defense enzyme against mitochondrial superoxide radicals results in neonatal lethality. Superoxides 20-30 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 47-51 21270817-9 2011 These findings indicate that superoxide production contributes to Ang II-induced astrocyte senescence. Superoxides 29-39 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 66-72 21300668-3 2011 Scavengers of superoxide (superoxide dismutase and manganese [III] tetrakis[1-methyl-4-pyridyl]porphyrin) abrogated equol stimulated Akt and eNOS phosphorylation, and the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor rotenone inhibited Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and eNOS phosphorylation, as well as NO-mediated increases in intracellular cGMP. Superoxides 14-24 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 133-136 21300668-3 2011 Scavengers of superoxide (superoxide dismutase and manganese [III] tetrakis[1-methyl-4-pyridyl]porphyrin) abrogated equol stimulated Akt and eNOS phosphorylation, and the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor rotenone inhibited Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and eNOS phosphorylation, as well as NO-mediated increases in intracellular cGMP. Superoxides 14-24 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 224-227 21300668-3 2011 Scavengers of superoxide (superoxide dismutase and manganese [III] tetrakis[1-methyl-4-pyridyl]porphyrin) abrogated equol stimulated Akt and eNOS phosphorylation, and the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor rotenone inhibited Akt, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2, and eNOS phosphorylation, as well as NO-mediated increases in intracellular cGMP. Superoxides 14-24 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 229-270 21280062-3 2011 We hypothesize that the enhanced chemiluminescence produced by Sod2 and Sod1 deficiency reflects in situ superoxide generation in the mitochondria and cytoplasm, respectively. Superoxides 105-115 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 63-67 21340460-11 2011 These results indicate that c-Src in the PVN is involved in the enhanced CSAR and sympathetic activation in renovascular hypertension, and mediates the excitatory effects of Ang II in the PVN on the CSAR and sympathetic activity via NAD(P)H oxidase-derived generation of superoxide anions. Superoxides 271-288 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 174-180 21369578-4 2011 Reactions involving redox cycles between the Ce(3+) and Ce(4+) oxidation states allow nanoceria to react catalytically with superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, mimicking the behavior of two key antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase, potentially abating all noxious intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) via a self-regenerating mechanism. Superoxides 124-134 catalase Homo sapiens 238-246 21295319-3 2011 Among the isolates, hiiranlactone B (2) and hiiranlactone D (4) exhibited inhibitory activity against fMLP-induced superoxide production by human neutrophils with IC(50) values of 21.86+-3.97 and 25.78+-4.77muM, respectively. Superoxides 115-125 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 102-106 21239495-0 2011 Presenilins promote the cellular uptake of copper and zinc and maintain copper chaperone of SOD1-dependent copper/zinc superoxide dismutase activity. Superoxides 119-129 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 92-96 21279210-4 2011 Superoxide is present at low levels and disproportionates in aqueous media; however, the homogeneous kinetics are included in our simulations and the results show that it is possible to estimate the magnitude of the flux of superoxide produced by the cells and to accurately determine the time-dependence of the flux in response to stimuli such as injection of parathyroid hormone, vitamin D(3) and pertussis toxin. Superoxides 0-10 parathyroid hormone Homo sapiens 361-380 21279210-4 2011 Superoxide is present at low levels and disproportionates in aqueous media; however, the homogeneous kinetics are included in our simulations and the results show that it is possible to estimate the magnitude of the flux of superoxide produced by the cells and to accurately determine the time-dependence of the flux in response to stimuli such as injection of parathyroid hormone, vitamin D(3) and pertussis toxin. Superoxides 224-234 parathyroid hormone Homo sapiens 361-380 21087144-5 2011 The current study demonstrates that DC cells signal a DNA damage response through p53 and its downstream mediator, p21(WAF/CIP), which is accompanied by an elevation in steady-state levels of superoxide and percent glutathione disulfide, both indicators of oxidative stress. Superoxides 192-202 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 82-85 21418589-0 2011 The scavenging of superoxide radicals promotes apoptosis induced by a novel cell-permeable fusion protein, sTRAIL:FeSOD, in tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-resistant leukemia cells. Superoxides 18-28 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 124-179 21418589-5 2011 The decrease in cellular O2-, which was accompanied by a brief accumulation of H2O2 and downregulation of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein, sensitized K562 leukemia cells and human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Superoxides 25-27 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 121-124 21418589-5 2011 The decrease in cellular O2-, which was accompanied by a brief accumulation of H2O2 and downregulation of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein, sensitized K562 leukemia cells and human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Superoxides 25-27 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 128-131 21418589-5 2011 The decrease in cellular O2-, which was accompanied by a brief accumulation of H2O2 and downregulation of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein, sensitized K562 leukemia cells and human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Superoxides 25-27 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 253-258 21087144-7 2011 Further, restoring telomerase activity or inhibiting p53 or p21(WAF/CIP) significantly mitigated growth inhibition as well as caused a significant decrease in steady-state levels of superoxide. Superoxides 182-192 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 53-56 21087144-8 2011 Our results support a model in which telomerase insufficiency in DC leads to p21(WAF/CIP) signaling, via p53, to cause increased steady-state levels of superoxide, metabolic oxidative stress, and senescence. Superoxides 152-162 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 105-108 21246206-0 2011 Central TNF inhibition results in attenuated neurohumoral excitation in heart failure: a role for superoxide and nitric oxide. Superoxides 98-108 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 8-11 21211511-9 2011 These results provide strong pharmacological and genetic evidence for the implication of H-Ras and NADPH oxidase-generated superoxide production in MMP-13 gene regulation by IL-1beta and TNF-alpha. Superoxides 123-133 matrix metallopeptidase 13 Homo sapiens 148-154 21211511-9 2011 These results provide strong pharmacological and genetic evidence for the implication of H-Ras and NADPH oxidase-generated superoxide production in MMP-13 gene regulation by IL-1beta and TNF-alpha. Superoxides 123-133 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 174-182 21211511-9 2011 These results provide strong pharmacological and genetic evidence for the implication of H-Ras and NADPH oxidase-generated superoxide production in MMP-13 gene regulation by IL-1beta and TNF-alpha. Superoxides 123-133 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 187-196 21241727-10 2011 CONCLUSIONS: the impaired defense against mitochondrial superoxide formation in SOD2+/- mice prolongs JNK activation after APAP overdose and consequently further enhances the mitochondrial oxidant stress leading to exaggerated mitochondrial dysfunction, release of intermembrane proteins with nuclear DNA fragmentation and more necrosis. Superoxides 56-66 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 80-84 21246206-1 2011 This study examined the effect of central tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) blockade on the imbalance between nitric oxide and superoxide production in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and ventrolateral medulla (VLM), key autonomic regulators, and their contribution to enhanced sympathetic drive in mice with congestive heart failure (CHF). Superoxides 127-137 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 42-69 21246206-1 2011 This study examined the effect of central tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) blockade on the imbalance between nitric oxide and superoxide production in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and ventrolateral medulla (VLM), key autonomic regulators, and their contribution to enhanced sympathetic drive in mice with congestive heart failure (CHF). Superoxides 127-137 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 71-74 21246206-9 2011 These results indicate that elevated TNF in these autonomic regulatory regions of the brain alter the production of superoxide and nitric oxide, contributing to fluid imbalance and sympathoexcitation in CHF. Superoxides 116-126 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 37-40 21047173-1 2011 Platinum nanoparticles (Pt-NPs) are known to possess anti-tumouric activity and the ability to scavenge superoxides and peroxides indicating that they can act as superoxide dismutase (SOD)/catalase mimetics. Superoxides 104-115 catalase Homo sapiens 189-197 20836698-7 2011 Ang II-treated animals had higher levels of superoxide anion and inducible nitric oxide synthase and increased urinary protein and plasma creatinine levels. Superoxides 44-60 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-6 21030671-6 2011 Sin-1 exposure caused a disproportionately large decrease in Ca(2+) sensitivity, evidently due to coproduction of superoxide, as it was prevented by Tempol, a superoxide dismutase mimetic. Superoxides 114-124 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 21164151-5 2011 Superoxide anion levels and NAD(P)H oxidase activity in the PVN increased in 2K1C rats and were much higher in 2K1C rats than in sham-operated (sham) rats after the epicardial application of capsaicin or PVN microinjection of ANG II. Superoxides 0-16 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 226-232 21278346-7 2011 When human monoblastic U937 cells were cultured in the presence of IFN-gamma, transcription of gp91-phox was remarkably upregulated, and the cells were differentiated to macrophage-like cells that can produce O(2)(-). Superoxides 209-213 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 67-76 21156818-8 2011 In addition, oxidation of 17AAGH2 could be prevented by superoxide dismutase (SOD), demonstrating that 17AAGH2 was sensitive to oxidation by superoxide. Superoxides 56-66 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 78-81 21182845-4 2011 The present study demonstrated that iNOS-derived superoxide generation was reduced, and that the NO bioavailability was increased, by treatment with the NOS-cofactor, tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), before I/R in the hearts isolated from diabetic rats. Superoxides 49-59 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 36-40 21720543-4 2011 The results revealed a significant increase in infarct volume in hyperglycemic SOD2(-/+) mice, and this was accompanied with an early (5 h) significant rise in superoxide production and reduced SOD2 activity in SOD2(-/+) mice as compared to WT mice. Superoxides 160-170 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 79-83 21239112-2 2011 Activation of S1PR(1) has been reported to increase the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-derived superoxide (O(2)( -)) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-derived nitric oxide (NO). Superoxides 137-147 sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 Rattus norvegicus 14-21 21239112-2 2011 Activation of S1PR(1) has been reported to increase the formation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-derived superoxide (O(2)( -)) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-derived nitric oxide (NO). Superoxides 149-153 sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 Rattus norvegicus 14-21 21720543-5 2011 The superoxide production is associated with oxidative DNA damage as indicated by colocalization of the dihydroethidium (DHE) signal with 8-OHdG fluorescence in SOD2(-/+) mice. Superoxides 4-14 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 161-165 21630593-2 2011 In this study, using various phenolic substrates, the phenol-dependent superoxide-generating activities of PrP-derived peptide sequences were compared. Superoxides 71-81 prion protein Homo sapiens 107-110 21630593-1 2011 A previous work suggested that peptides from the histidine-containing copper-binding motifs in human prion protein (PrP) function as peroxidase-like biocatalysts catalyzing the generation of superoxide anion radicals in the presence of neurotransmitters (aromatic monoamines) and phenolics such as tyrosine and tyrosyl residues on proteins. Superoxides 191-216 prion protein Homo sapiens 116-119 21352551-6 2011 Peak respiratory burst activity was seen at 15-20 min, and superoxide levels returned to baseline by 1 h. IL-8 release was dependent on both membrane-associated CD14 (mCD14) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4. Superoxides 59-69 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 106-110 21150282-9 2011 In direct support of these findings, the tumor promoting effects of Cav-1 deficient fibroblasts could be functionally suppressed (nearly 2-fold) by the recombinant over-expression of SOD2 (superoxide dismutase 2), a known mitochondrial enzyme that de-activates superoxide, thereby reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress. Superoxides 189-199 caveolin 1 Homo sapiens 68-73 21084672-1 2011 Studies have shown that the superoxide mechanism is involved in angiotensin II (ANG II) signaling in the central nervous system. Superoxides 28-38 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 64-78 21084672-1 2011 Studies have shown that the superoxide mechanism is involved in angiotensin II (ANG II) signaling in the central nervous system. Superoxides 28-38 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 80-86 21084672-2 2011 We hypothesized that ANG II activates sympathetic outflow by stimulation of superoxide anion in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Superoxides 76-92 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 21-27 21084672-9 2011 These data support the concept that superoxide anion contributes to an enhanced ANG II-mediated signaling in the PVN involved with the exaggerated sympathoexcitation in diabetes. Superoxides 36-52 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 80-86 20586612-4 2011 Null of SOD1 and GPX1 elevated respective islet superoxide and hydroperoxide production, and upregulated p53 phosphorylation. Superoxides 48-58 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 8-12 21123734-4 2011 TNF-alpha rapidly enhanced endogenous CO production in a superoxide- and NADPH oxidase-dependent manner in CMVEC with innate, but not with small interfering RNA (siRNA)-downregulated Nox4 activity. Superoxides 57-67 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-9 20586612-5 2011 Knockout of SOD1 downregulated the foxhead box A2/pancreatic and duodenal homeobox 1 pathway in a superoxide-dependent fashion at epigenetic, mRNA, and protein levels in islets, but improved insulin signaling in liver and muscle. Superoxides 98-108 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 12-16 21130157-5 2011 Conditional loss of SOD2 led to increased superoxide, apoptosis, and developmental defects in the T cell population, resulting in immunodeficiency and susceptibility to the influenza A virus H1N1. Superoxides 42-52 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 20-24 21124322-5 2011 Angiotensin II is a classic prooxidant peptide that increases superoxide production through the activation of NAD(P)H oxidases. Superoxides 62-72 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-14 20888844-8 2011 Sulforaphane stimulation for 4 h induced an Nrf2-dependent increase of Nqo1 and Hmox1 mRNA that remained elevated for 24 h, and the corresponding proteins remained elevated for over 48 h. In addition, peroxide-clearing activity and the levels of glutathione were elevated for more than 20 h after stimulation for 4 h with sulforaphane, resulting in an increased resistance to superoxide-induced cell damage. Superoxides 376-386 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 44-48 21173341-8 2011 Viral delivery of CuZnSOD to the PVN not only prevented the elevation in O(2)(- ) but also abolished renovascular hypertension. Superoxides 73-77 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 18-25 20950631-6 2011 Further studies demonstrated that microglial NADPH oxidase (PHOX), the key superoxide-producing enzyme, but not calcium channel in neurons, is the site of action for the neuroprotective effect of verapamil. Superoxides 75-85 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Rattus norvegicus 60-64 20920494-5 2011 LPS-induced ICAM-1 and IL-8 expression was associated with increased superoxide formation in AEC. Superoxides 69-79 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 23-27 21144829-3 2011 In the current study, interrelationships between mitochondrial fusion, energy metabolism and oxidative stress on development were explored using a fzo-1 mutant defective in the fusion process and a mev-1 mutant overproducing superoxide from mitochondrial electron transport complex II of Caenorhabditis elegans. Superoxides 225-235 Succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial Caenorhabditis elegans 198-203 21115331-5 2011 formosana were showed potent inhibitory effects on superoxide anion production in fMLP/CB-activated human neutrophils as well as other anti-inflammatory effects, and led to the isolation of 25 compounds. Superoxides 51-67 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 82-86 21115331-6 2011 Among them, compounds 8, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17 and 20 were exhibited more potent inhibitory effect on superoxide anion generation and elastase release by human neutrophils in response to fMLP/CB. Superoxides 99-115 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 184-188 21232086-7 2011 RESULTS: We found that Abeta-induced activation of microglia, activation of PHOX, generation of superoxide and other reactive oxygen species, and loss of dopaminergic neurons were decreased in MAC1-/- cultures compared to MAC1+/+ cultures. Superoxides 96-106 integrin alpha M Mus musculus 193-197 21232086-12 2011 CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our data demonstrate that Abeta activates MAC1 receptor to increase the activity of PI3K, which in turn phosphorylates p47phox, triggers the translocation of cytosolic subunits of PHOX to microglia membrane, increases PHOX activation and the subsequent production of superoxide and causes neurotoxicity. Superoxides 296-306 integrin alpha M Mus musculus 71-75 21036124-8 2011 Pretreatment with tempol (a SOD mimetic, 50mg/kg) or co-enzyme Q(10) (50mg/kg) not only decreased the superoxide production, but also reduced the infarct size and normalized mitochondrial dysfunction in the gastrocnemius muscle. Superoxides 102-112 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 28-31 20959532-8 2011 Silencing TLR2, TLR4, and p47phox with small inhibitory RNAs (siRNAs) significantly reduced superoxide release, NF-kappaB activity, IL-1beta, and MCP-1 secretion in HG and palmitate-treated THP-1 cells. Superoxides 92-102 toll like receptor 2 Homo sapiens 10-14 21093414-4 2011 Moreover, Snail-expressing cells displayed increased concentration of reactive oxygen species (ROS), specifically, superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, in vitro and in vivo. Superoxides 115-125 snail family transcriptional repressor 1 Homo sapiens 10-15 20706193-1 2011 BACKGROUND: gp91(PHOX), a catalytic subunit of NAD(P)H oxidase, is involved in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced superoxide (O2-) generation. Superoxides 111-121 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 79-93 20706193-1 2011 BACKGROUND: gp91(PHOX), a catalytic subunit of NAD(P)H oxidase, is involved in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced superoxide (O2-) generation. Superoxides 111-121 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 95-101 20706193-1 2011 BACKGROUND: gp91(PHOX), a catalytic subunit of NAD(P)H oxidase, is involved in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced superoxide (O2-) generation. Superoxides 123-125 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 79-93 20706193-1 2011 BACKGROUND: gp91(PHOX), a catalytic subunit of NAD(P)H oxidase, is involved in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced superoxide (O2-) generation. Superoxides 123-125 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 95-101 20706193-8 2011 CONCLUSION: These data suggest that an enhanced O2- activity and its interaction with NO contribute to the early developmental phase of Ang II-induced salt-sensitive hypertension.American Journal of Hypertension (2011). Superoxides 48-50 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 136-142 21804221-2 2011 The increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is thought to be a key event in the pathogenesis of DR. Extracellular-superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is an anti-inflammatory enzyme that is distributed mainly in vascular cells and protects cells from ROS by scavenging superoxide anion. Superoxides 275-291 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 113-147 20708598-2 2011 It becomes active when membrane-bound cytochrome b(558), the redox core, is assembled with cytosolic p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and rac proteins to produce superoxide, the precursor for generation of toxic reactive oxygen species. Superoxides 162-172 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 112-115 21804221-2 2011 The increased formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is thought to be a key event in the pathogenesis of DR. Extracellular-superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is an anti-inflammatory enzyme that is distributed mainly in vascular cells and protects cells from ROS by scavenging superoxide anion. Superoxides 275-291 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 149-155 21804221-8 2011 It is known that the presence of a high level of EC-SOD throughout the vessel walls might have an important protective role against superoxide in the vascular system. Superoxides 132-142 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 49-55 20954800-2 2011 However, we previously demonstrated simvastatin-induced HO-1-exaggerated nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kappabeta) activation and superoxide production on exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Superoxides 129-139 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 186-189 21078595-4 2011 Sod1(-/-) neurons also show oxidation of mitochondrial--but not cytosolic--thioredoxin, suggesting that loss of SOD1 causes preferential oxidative stress in mitochondria, a primary source of superoxide in cells. Superoxides 191-201 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 0-4 21691087-8 2011 In addition, NADPH oxidase subunit, gp91(phox) and GH receptors aggregated in membrane raft clusters, which produced O(2). Superoxides 117-121 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 51-53 20954800-3 2011 The addition of the iron chelator, desferrioxamine, to reduce the accumulation of ferric iron from heme by HO-1 resulted in a blockade of aggravated superoxide production. Superoxides 149-159 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 107-111 20954800-5 2011 Moreover, increased superoxide formation by either atorvastatin or rosuvastatin, in the presence or absence of LPS, could not be reduced by the addition of desferrioxamine, unlike simvastatin. Superoxides 20-30 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 111-114 20876216-6 2011 Inhibitors of NADPH oxidase and anion channel ClC3 blocked TNF-induced VCAM expression, affirming that superoxide produced and transported by these proteins, respectively, mediates inflammatory signaling. Superoxides 103-113 chloride channel, voltage-sensitive 3 Mus musculus 46-50 20876216-2 2011 Catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) conjugated with antibodies to platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1) bind specifically to endothelium and inhibit effects of corresponding ROS, H(2)O(2), and superoxide anion. Superoxides 215-231 catalase Mus musculus 0-8 20876216-6 2011 Inhibitors of NADPH oxidase and anion channel ClC3 blocked TNF-induced VCAM expression, affirming that superoxide produced and transported by these proteins, respectively, mediates inflammatory signaling. Superoxides 103-113 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 59-62 21576984-7 2011 Rac2-deficient eosinophils showed significantly less superoxide release (p < 0.05, 26% less than wild type). Superoxides 53-63 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 21212740-0 2011 SOD2, the principal scavenger of mitochondrial superoxide, is dispensable for embryogenesis and imaginal tissue development but essential for adult survival. Superoxides 47-57 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 0-4 21212740-6 2011 Instead, we found that the high mitochondrial superoxide environment arising from the absence of SOD2 leads to the induction of autophagy. Superoxides 46-56 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 97-101 21576984-9 2011 CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that Rac2 is an important regulator of eosinophil function by contributing to superoxide production, granule protein release, and eosinophil shape change. Superoxides 116-126 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 43-47 22016654-6 2011 Sirt3 has also now been identified as a genomically expressed, mitochondrial localized tumor suppressor and this review will outline potential relationships between mitochondrial ROS/superoxide levels, aging, and cell phenotypes permissive for estrogen and progesterone receptor positive breast carcinogenesis. Superoxides 183-193 sirtuin 3 Homo sapiens 0-5 21646801-6 2011 Superoxide generation was measured via the cytochrome C reduction method. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 43-55 22272128-3 2011 SOD-1 catalyses the superoxide radical (O(-2)) into hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. Superoxides 20-38 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 21077177-3 2011 Extracellular-superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is a major anti-oxidative enzyme that protects the cells from damaging effects of superoxide. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 36-42 21946535-1 2011 AIM: The anti-oxidant enzyme copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) metabolizes superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) in vascular cells. Superoxides 84-100 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 63-70 21946535-1 2011 AIM: The anti-oxidant enzyme copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) metabolizes superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) in vascular cells. Superoxides 102-106 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 63-70 21946535-7 2011 Dihydroethidine staining revealed increased levels of vascular O(2)(-) in media from CuZnSOD(-/-) mice. Superoxides 63-67 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 85-92 20964702-5 2011 RESULTS: Plasmas from patients were significantly more effective in both directly stimulating neutrophil superoxide production and priming for subsequent formyl-met-leu-phe (fMLP)-stimulated superoxide production than plasmas from healthy controls (p<0.05). Superoxides 191-201 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 154-172 20964702-5 2011 RESULTS: Plasmas from patients were significantly more effective in both directly stimulating neutrophil superoxide production and priming for subsequent formyl-met-leu-phe (fMLP)-stimulated superoxide production than plasmas from healthy controls (p<0.05). Superoxides 191-201 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 174-178 20964702-8 2011 Individual neutralizing antibodies against IL-8, GM-CSF or IFN-alpha inhibited the direct stimulatory effect of patients" plasma, whereas the ability to prime for fMLP-stimulated superoxide production was only inhibited by neutralization of IFN-alpha. Superoxides 179-189 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 163-167 21931865-4 2011 These effects were associated with increased superoxide anion production, sensitive to the inhibition of IkappaB-alpha phosphorylation, in pancreatic but not tracheal CF cells, and reduced upon inhibition of either mitochondrial complex I or NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 45-61 NFKB inhibitor alpha Homo sapiens 105-118 20811799-2 2011 IFNG-inducible KYN/pteridines inflammation cascade is characterized by up-regulation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity (induced by KYN) and decreased formation of NOS cofactor, BH4, that results in uncoupling of NOS that shifting arginine from NO to superoxide anion production. Superoxides 256-272 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 0-4 22028915-8 2011 The suppression of TNFalpha by SKF525A in the presence of IL-4 was associated with a reduction in superoxide anion generation and reproduced by the superoxide dismutase MnCl(2). Superoxides 98-114 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 19-27 22028915-8 2011 The suppression of TNFalpha by SKF525A in the presence of IL-4 was associated with a reduction in superoxide anion generation and reproduced by the superoxide dismutase MnCl(2). Superoxides 98-114 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 58-62 21179168-1 2010 Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is critical in the regulation of vascular function, and can generate both nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O(2)( -)), which are key mediators of cellular signalling. Superoxides 137-147 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 0-33 22219714-5 2011 Detailed analysis of macrophage activation showed the time dependence between LPS-induced iNOS expression and increased O(2)( -) formation. Superoxides 120-124 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 90-94 22219714-6 2011 Moreover, downregulation of macrophage iNOS expression, as well as the inhibition of iNOS activity by NOS inhibitors, unveiled an important role of this enzyme in controlling O(2)( -) and peroxynitrite formation during macrophage stimulation. Superoxides 175-183 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 39-43 22219714-6 2011 Moreover, downregulation of macrophage iNOS expression, as well as the inhibition of iNOS activity by NOS inhibitors, unveiled an important role of this enzyme in controlling O(2)( -) and peroxynitrite formation during macrophage stimulation. Superoxides 175-183 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 85-89 22219714-7 2011 In conclusion, our data demonstrated that simultaneous induction of NADPH oxidase, together with the iNOS enzyme, can result in the uncoupled state of iNOS resulting in the production of functionally important levels of O(2)( -) soon after macrophage activation with LPS. Superoxides 220-224 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 101-105 22219714-7 2011 In conclusion, our data demonstrated that simultaneous induction of NADPH oxidase, together with the iNOS enzyme, can result in the uncoupled state of iNOS resulting in the production of functionally important levels of O(2)( -) soon after macrophage activation with LPS. Superoxides 220-224 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 151-155 22219714-8 2011 Moreover, we demonstrated, for the first time that increased concentrations of L-arginine further potentiate iNOS-dependent O(2) ( -) formation in inflammatory macrophages. Superoxides 124-130 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 109-113 21147698-9 2010 The reduced affinity of eNOS to the cofactor BH4 may lead to insufficient NO, but increased superoxide production in preeclamptic placentas. Superoxides 92-102 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 24-28 21172655-6 2010 Furthermore, infection of Sirt3-/- MEFs with lenti-MnSOD(K122-R) inhibited in vitro immortalization by an oncogene (Ras), inhibited IR-induced genomic instability, and decreased mitochondrial superoxide. Superoxides 192-202 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 51-56 21179168-1 2010 Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is critical in the regulation of vascular function, and can generate both nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O(2)( -)), which are key mediators of cellular signalling. Superoxides 137-147 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 35-39 21172066-4 2010 Moreover NGAL levels increase in correlation with the age, and showed a significantly correlation between the increase with the severity of disease.DS is characterized by an enhancement of gene production such as GART, SOD-1 and CBS that encode specific protein and enzyme involved in hydrogen peroxide and superoxide production, species highly cytotoxic implicated in inflammation and ageing.NGAL may have the potential application to ameliorate the toxicity induced by oxidative stress conditions such as Alzheimer"s disease, thalassemia, cardiovascular disease, burn injury, transplantation, diabetes, and aging. Superoxides 307-317 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 219-224 21172066-4 2010 Moreover NGAL levels increase in correlation with the age, and showed a significantly correlation between the increase with the severity of disease.DS is characterized by an enhancement of gene production such as GART, SOD-1 and CBS that encode specific protein and enzyme involved in hydrogen peroxide and superoxide production, species highly cytotoxic implicated in inflammation and ageing.NGAL may have the potential application to ameliorate the toxicity induced by oxidative stress conditions such as Alzheimer"s disease, thalassemia, cardiovascular disease, burn injury, transplantation, diabetes, and aging. Superoxides 307-317 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 229-232 20923773-6 2010 Superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide down-regulated Cav-1 expression and inhibited cell migration and invasion, whereas hydroxyl radical up-regulated the Cav-1 expression and promoted cell migration and invasion. Superoxides 0-16 caveolin 1 Homo sapiens 54-59 20923773-7 2010 The down-regulating effect of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide on Cav-1 is mediated through a transcription-independent mechanism that involves protein degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Superoxides 30-46 caveolin 1 Homo sapiens 72-77 20874678-9 2010 The paradigm that, inhibiting the overproduction of superoxides and peroxides would prevent cardiac dysfunction in diabetes has been difficult to verify using conventional antioxidants like vitamins E and C. That led to use of catalytic antioxidants such as SOD/CAT mimetics. Superoxides 52-63 catalase Homo sapiens 262-265 20500512-4 2010 RESULTS: 8-IPF(2alpha) promoted the formation of O(2)(-) , an effect inhibited by apocynin (an NADPH oxidase inhibitor) and up-regulated the expression of PDE5. Superoxides 49-56 phosphodiesterase 5A Homo sapiens 155-159 20500512-7 2010 CONCLUSIONS: These data show that O(2) (-) derived from NADPH oxidase influences the relative balance of PGI(2) and 8-IPF(2alpha) in CVSMCs, which in turn alters the degree of PDE5 expression. Superoxides 34-40 phosphodiesterase 5A Homo sapiens 176-180 21062045-11 2010 It was also demonstrated that the 4-chlorophenol/TiO(2) system under visible light that cannot generate neither OH radicals nor valence band holes converted As(III) to As(V) through the superoxide pathway. Superoxides 186-196 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 168-173 20882024-7 2010 Moreover, in Rgs2(-/-) mice, the AngII+Telmi group exhibited significant improvement in survival, reduction of enlarged aortic diameter, inhibition of superoxide production and suppression of NAD(P)H oxidase activity compared with the AngII group. Superoxides 151-161 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 33-38 20413544-4 2010 Activation of the cells with fMLP/CB resulted in abrupt and sustained increases in cytosolic Ca2(+), as well as release of elastase and production of superoxide and LTB4, and expression of CR3, all of which were attenuated by formoterol and montelukast individually, and especially by the combination of these agents. Superoxides 150-160 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 29-33 21123558-3 2010 We used the O(2)( -)-sensitive dye MitoSOX to monitor O(2)( -) in neurons expressing different levels of Bax and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2). Superoxides 12-16 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 149-153 20702831-9 2010 In addition, both omega-3 PUFAs demonstrated reduced responsiveness to VEGF-stimulated superoxide and nitrite release and significantly impaired endothelial wound healing, proliferation, and angiogenic sprout formation. Superoxides 87-97 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 71-75 21123558-3 2010 We used the O(2)( -)-sensitive dye MitoSOX to monitor O(2)( -) in neurons expressing different levels of Bax and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2). Superoxides 54-58 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 149-153 21123558-4 2010 Basal and apoptotic O(2)( -) levels in both SCG and CG neurons were reduced in SOD2 wild-type (WT) cells having lower Bax concentrations. Superoxides 20-24 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 79-83 20832454-2 2010 The superoxide anion (O(2)( -)) is suggested to be part of the signaling mechanisms activated by angiotensin II (ANG II) and central virus-mediated overexpression of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (that dismutates O(2)( -) to H(2)O(2)) reduces pressor and dipsogenic responses to central ANG II. Superoxides 4-20 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 97-111 20832454-2 2010 The superoxide anion (O(2)( -)) is suggested to be part of the signaling mechanisms activated by angiotensin II (ANG II) and central virus-mediated overexpression of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (that dismutates O(2)( -) to H(2)O(2)) reduces pressor and dipsogenic responses to central ANG II. Superoxides 4-20 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 113-119 20832454-2 2010 The superoxide anion (O(2)( -)) is suggested to be part of the signaling mechanisms activated by angiotensin II (ANG II) and central virus-mediated overexpression of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (that dismutates O(2)( -) to H(2)O(2)) reduces pressor and dipsogenic responses to central ANG II. Superoxides 4-20 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 289-295 20817944-1 2010 The assembly of cytosolic subunits p47(phox), p67(phox), and p40(phox) with flavocytochrome b(558) at the membrane is required for activating the neutrophil NADPH oxidase that generates superoxide for microbial killing. Superoxides 186-196 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 46-49 21068326-6 2010 Interestingly, inhibition of NHE-1 not only abolished pH(i) regulation but also reduced production of superoxide anion as well as expression of cytokines and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Superoxides 102-118 solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1 Mus musculus 29-34 20729399-4 2010 We found that kallistatin gene delivery significantly attenuated aortic superoxide formation and glomerular capillary loss in hypertensive DOCA-salt rats. Superoxides 72-82 serpin family A member 4 Rattus norvegicus 14-25 20868230-0 2010 Superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide-induced signaling and damage in angiotensin II and aldosterone action. Superoxides 0-16 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 71-85 20367259-5 2010 The function of SOD1 in the IMS is still unknown, but it is plausible that it serves to remove superoxide released from the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Superoxides 95-105 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 16-20 20868230-4 2010 When present in high concentrations, both angiotensin II and aldosterone, as various other endogenous substances, activate NADPH oxidase, which produces superoxide. Superoxides 153-163 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 42-56 20868230-5 2010 In this review the generation of superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide in cells stimulated with angiotensin II or aldosterone, as well as the subsequently induced signaling processes and DNA damage is discussed. Superoxides 33-50 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 98-112 20844008-0 2010 Rac1-dependent intracellular superoxide formation mediates vascular endothelial growth factor-induced placental angiogenesis in vitro. Superoxides 29-39 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 59-93 20844008-4 2010 Intracellular superoxide formation began to significantly increase after 25-30 min of VEGF stimulation, which was mediated by both VEGFR1 and VEGFR2. Superoxides 14-24 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 86-90 20844008-4 2010 Intracellular superoxide formation began to significantly increase after 25-30 min of VEGF stimulation, which was mediated by both VEGFR1 and VEGFR2. Superoxides 14-24 fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 131-137 20844008-6 2010 In oFAPEC transfected with specific Rac1 small interfering RNA (siRNA, 40 nm), VEGF-induced intracellular superoxide formation was completely abrogated in association with a 78% reduction of endogenous Rac1. Superoxides 106-116 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 79-83 20844008-8 2010 Pretreatment of an NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin also abrogates the VEGF-stimulated intracellular superoxide production and DNA synthesis in oFPAECs. Superoxides 101-111 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 71-75 20844008-10 2010 This NADPH oxidase system appears to generate the second messenger superoxide that plays a critical role in the signaling control of the VEGF-induced placental angiogenesis. Superoxides 67-77 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 137-141 20638473-5 2010 The Sod2(-/-) MEFs produced less cellular ATP, had lower O(2) consumption, generated more superoxide, and expressed less Prdx3 protein. Superoxides 57-61 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 4-8 20631980-8 2010 Diabetes-induced increases in renal cytosolic and mitochondrial superoxide generation were prevented in diabetic Rage KO mice, but enhanced in all At2 KO mice. Superoxides 64-74 advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor Mus musculus 113-117 20631980-9 2010 Adenoviral overexpression of RAGE or AGE treatment decreased cell surface AT2 expression, in association with increasing superoxide generation; both were reversed using antioxidants N-acetylcysteine and apocynin, and soluble RAGE in primary mesangial cells. Superoxides 121-131 advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor Mus musculus 29-33 20516051-8 2010 In PASMC, reduction of respiration and mitochondrial cytochrome c and aa3 (complex IV), but not of cytochrome b (complex III) matched an increase in matrix superoxide levels as well as mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarisation with subsequent cytosolic calcium increase. Superoxides 156-166 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 53-65 20638473-5 2010 The Sod2(-/-) MEFs produced less cellular ATP, had lower O(2) consumption, generated more superoxide, and expressed less Prdx3 protein. Superoxides 90-100 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 4-8 20876452-2 2010 Angiotensin II induces superoxide production, which is metabolized by superoxide dismutase (SOD) or scavenged by NO. Superoxides 23-33 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 92-95 20876452-8 2010 Arterioles from SOD1-ko had 4-fold increased superoxide formation with angiotensin II at 10(-9) mol/L. Superoxides 45-55 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 16-20 20876452-12 2010 In conclusion, SOD1 limits afferent arteriole remodeling and reduces sensitivity and responsiveness to angiotensin II by reducing superoxide and maintaining NO bioavailability. Superoxides 130-140 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 15-19 20813909-7 2010 Relative to the wild type, fib4 KD apples were more sensitive to methyl viologen and had higher superoxide levels during methyl viologen treatment. Superoxides 96-106 Plastid-lipid associated protein PAP / fibrillin family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 27-31 20815781-2 2010 Hydrogen peroxide (15 muM) and taurine chloramine (200 muM) induced HL 60 differentiation, which was detected by CD11b expression and superoxide production. Superoxides 134-144 latexin Homo sapiens 22-25 20815781-2 2010 Hydrogen peroxide (15 muM) and taurine chloramine (200 muM) induced HL 60 differentiation, which was detected by CD11b expression and superoxide production. Superoxides 134-144 latexin Homo sapiens 55-58 20570646-1 2010 With the aim of developing a novel superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity assay, a series of polymethinium salts (streptocyanines) were prepared and studied for their ability to be reduced by superoxide radical anion generated either from the pyrogallol autoxidation or by the xanthine oxidase-catalyzed oxidation of xanthine. Superoxides 189-213 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 35-55 20814019-0 2010 Transcriptional upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rostral ventrolateral medulla by angiotensin II: significance in superoxide homeostasis and neural regulation of arterial pressure. Superoxides 134-144 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 102-116 20976160-6 2010 SOD2 overexpression reduces mitochondrial superoxide load. Superoxides 42-52 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 0-4 20976160-12 2010 In STZ-treated SOD-overexpressing hyperglycemic mice in which superoxide levels are reduced, these deficits are reversed. Superoxides 62-72 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 15-18 20570646-3 2010 The values found to be optimal for a SOD assay were defined as pH 7.4, wavelength 728nm, xanthine and xanthine oxidase as superoxide source, and a reaction time of 5min. Superoxides 122-132 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 37-40 20570646-4 2010 Based on the color change caused by the superoxide-induced bleaching of the streptocyanine, a qualitative colorimetric method for the SOD activity detection is proposed, enabling visual detection within a short time without any instrument. Superoxides 40-50 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 134-137 20570646-1 2010 With the aim of developing a novel superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity assay, a series of polymethinium salts (streptocyanines) were prepared and studied for their ability to be reduced by superoxide radical anion generated either from the pyrogallol autoxidation or by the xanthine oxidase-catalyzed oxidation of xanthine. Superoxides 189-213 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 57-60 20724703-1 2010 RATIONALE: Bone morphogenic protein (BMP)4 can stimulate superoxide production and exert proinflammatory effects on the endothelium. Superoxides 57-67 bone morphogenetic protein 4 Mus musculus 37-42 20674329-1 2010 A novel highly sensitive biosensor for the direct and simultaneous determination of superoxide anion radical (O2-) and nitrite (NO2-) was developed by incorporation of carbon nanotube (CNT) solubilized in nafion in polypyrrole (PPy) matrix on Pt electrode followed by immobilization of Cu,ZnSOD (SOD1) on it. Superoxides 84-108 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 296-300 20679349-2 2010 The membrane-integrated protein gp91(phox) serves as the catalytic core, because it contains a complete electron-transporting apparatus from NADPH to molecular oxygen for superoxide production. Superoxides 171-181 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 37-41 20800516-1 2010 The antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) serves as the primary defense against mitochondrial superoxide. Superoxides 33-43 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 55-59 20679349-7 2010 Intriguingly, replacement of Gln-192 by alanine or that of Tyr-198 by phenylalanine or tryptophan rather enhances superoxide production by gp91(phox)-based oxidase, suggesting a tuning role for these residues. Superoxides 114-124 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 144-148 20679349-6 2010 Alanine substitution for Tyr-198, Leu-199, or Val-204 abrogates the ability of p67(phox) to support superoxide production by gp91(phox)-based oxidase as well as its related oxidases Nox1 and Nox3; the activation also involves other invariant residues such as Leu-193, Asp-197, and Gly-200. Superoxides 100-110 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 79-82 20679349-6 2010 Alanine substitution for Tyr-198, Leu-199, or Val-204 abrogates the ability of p67(phox) to support superoxide production by gp91(phox)-based oxidase as well as its related oxidases Nox1 and Nox3; the activation also involves other invariant residues such as Leu-193, Asp-197, and Gly-200. Superoxides 100-110 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 83-87 20679349-6 2010 Alanine substitution for Tyr-198, Leu-199, or Val-204 abrogates the ability of p67(phox) to support superoxide production by gp91(phox)-based oxidase as well as its related oxidases Nox1 and Nox3; the activation also involves other invariant residues such as Leu-193, Asp-197, and Gly-200. Superoxides 100-110 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 130-134 20638134-3 2010 When Hg(2+) and Cu(I)-[GSH](2) were mixed equimolarly, the superoxide formation, assessed through the cytochrome c reduction and dihydroethidium oxidation, was increased by over 50%. Superoxides 59-69 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 102-114 21076178-4 2010 Factors that decrease intracellular superoxide anions in parallel with enhanced longevity and more efficient G0/G1 arrest include genetic inactivation of growth signaling pathways that inhibit Rim15p, which activates oxidative stress responses, and downregulation of these pathways by caloric restriction. Superoxides 36-53 protein kinase RIM15 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 193-199 20397192-7 2010 The most important mechanism by which MG and GL induced IL-8 secretion was the generation of superoxide anions which was confirmed by the inhibition of the cytosolic NADPH oxidase with diphenyl iodonium (DPI) or by application of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 93-110 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 56-60 20397192-0 2010 Carbonyl compounds methylglyoxal and glyoxal affect interleukin-8 secretion in intestinal cells by superoxide anion generation and activation of MAPK p38. Superoxides 99-115 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 52-65 20397192-7 2010 The most important mechanism by which MG and GL induced IL-8 secretion was the generation of superoxide anions which was confirmed by the inhibition of the cytosolic NADPH oxidase with diphenyl iodonium (DPI) or by application of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 93-110 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 230-250 20397192-7 2010 The most important mechanism by which MG and GL induced IL-8 secretion was the generation of superoxide anions which was confirmed by the inhibition of the cytosolic NADPH oxidase with diphenyl iodonium (DPI) or by application of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 93-110 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 252-255 20397192-8 2010 Our data suggest that multiple pathways were simultaneously activated; however, superoxide dependent MAPK p38 activation seems to be the most dominant pathway for IL-8 secretion in intestinal cells. Superoxides 80-90 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 101-105 20397192-8 2010 Our data suggest that multiple pathways were simultaneously activated; however, superoxide dependent MAPK p38 activation seems to be the most dominant pathway for IL-8 secretion in intestinal cells. Superoxides 80-90 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 106-109 20397192-8 2010 Our data suggest that multiple pathways were simultaneously activated; however, superoxide dependent MAPK p38 activation seems to be the most dominant pathway for IL-8 secretion in intestinal cells. Superoxides 80-90 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 163-167 20814003-8 2010 In arteries from control mice, Ang II selectively impaired responses to the endothelium-dependent agonist acetylcholine by 50% (P<0.05) via a superoxide-mediated mechanism. Superoxides 146-156 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 31-37 20661628-6 2010 Furthermore, tir1 afb2 displayed a reduced accumulation of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion, as well as enhanced antioxidant enzymes activities under stress. Superoxides 81-97 F-box/RNI-like superfamily protein Arabidopsis thaliana 13-17 20540939-10 2010 Results obtained with L-NNA, 1400W, 7-NI, OxyHb, ODQ or Tiron showed that this response was mediated by products from endothelial NOS (eNOS) different from NO and without soluble guanylate cyclase activation, but it involved superoxide anions. Superoxides 225-242 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 118-133 20540939-10 2010 Results obtained with L-NNA, 1400W, 7-NI, OxyHb, ODQ or Tiron showed that this response was mediated by products from endothelial NOS (eNOS) different from NO and without soluble guanylate cyclase activation, but it involved superoxide anions. Superoxides 225-242 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 135-139 20540939-12 2010 Data suggest that balloon catheter injury promoted eNOS uncoupling in contralateral carotids, which generates superoxide rather than NO, and reduces phenylephrine-induced extracellular calcium mobilization, despite the hyper-reactivity to phenylephrine in contralateral carotids. Superoxides 110-120 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 51-55 20621069-4 2010 Here, we tested the hypothesis that the pressor response induced by peripheral chemoreflex activation involves the angiotensin-II/AT(1)R/superoxide pathway within the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM). Superoxides 137-147 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 115-129 20595380-6 2010 RNAi-mediated knockdown of COMMD1 expression results in a significant induction of SOD1 activity and a consequent decrease in superoxide anion concentrations, whereas overexpression of COMMD1 exerts exactly the opposite effects. Superoxides 126-142 copper metabolism domain containing 1 Homo sapiens 27-33 20639222-4 2010 Infusion of ANG II (0.7 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1)) for 2 wk potentiated NADPH-dependent superoxide generation and hydrogen peroxide production compared with similarly treated negative littermate controls. Superoxides 84-94 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 12-18 20511543-2 2010 Based on recent mouse studies, the lack of O(2)( )-dependent interferon gamma (IFNgamma)-induced synthesis of kynurenine (kyn), an anti-inflammatory tryptophan metabolite produced by indolamine 2,3 deoxygenase (IDO), was proposed as a cause of hyperinflammation in CGD and this pathway has been considered for clinical intervention. Superoxides 43-47 interferon gamma Mus musculus 61-77 20511543-2 2010 Based on recent mouse studies, the lack of O(2)( )-dependent interferon gamma (IFNgamma)-induced synthesis of kynurenine (kyn), an anti-inflammatory tryptophan metabolite produced by indolamine 2,3 deoxygenase (IDO), was proposed as a cause of hyperinflammation in CGD and this pathway has been considered for clinical intervention. Superoxides 43-47 interferon gamma Mus musculus 79-87 20511543-3 2010 Here, we show that IFNgamma induces normal levels of kynurenine in cultures of O(2)( )-deficient monocytes, dendritic cells, and polymorphonuclear leukocytes from gp91(PHOX)- or p47(PHOX)-deficient human CGD donors. Superoxides 79-86 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 19-27 20639222-9 2010 Pretreatment of mouse aortas with the eNOS inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester decreased ANG II-induced superoxide production in Tg(SMCnox1) mice compared with wild-type mice, indicating that uncoupled eNOS is also a significant source of increased superoxide in transgenic mice. Superoxides 113-123 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 98-104 20639222-9 2010 Pretreatment of mouse aortas with the eNOS inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester decreased ANG II-induced superoxide production in Tg(SMCnox1) mice compared with wild-type mice, indicating that uncoupled eNOS is also a significant source of increased superoxide in transgenic mice. Superoxides 258-268 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 98-104 20541601-0 2010 Neutrophil-mediated oxidation of enkephalins via myeloperoxidase-dependent addition of superoxide. Superoxides 87-97 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 49-64 20553682-1 2010 ET-1 induces vascular O(2)(*-) production via activation of NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 22-30 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 20553682-3 2010 At 2 h, ET-1 induced an increase in NADPH oxidase-driven O(2)(*-) production in rat isolated aortic rings, which was completely suppressed in PP2 (c-Src inhibitor)-pretreated rings, whereas PP3 (inactive analogue of PP2) was without effect. Superoxides 57-65 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 8-12 20541601-4 2010 In this investigation we reveal that neutrophils use myeloperoxidase to oxidize enkephalins to their corresponding tyrosyl free radicals, which react preferentially with the superoxide to form a hydroperoxide. Superoxides 174-184 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 53-68 20812283-3 2010 Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) represents one of the three isoforms that produce nitric oxide using L-arginine as a substrate in response to an increase in superoxide anion activated by NF-kB. Superoxides 164-180 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 0-31 20812283-3 2010 Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) represents one of the three isoforms that produce nitric oxide using L-arginine as a substrate in response to an increase in superoxide anion activated by NF-kB. Superoxides 164-180 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 33-37 22371793-10 2010 CONCLUSIONS: The present study indicates that CoQ improves the most important component of the antioxidant defence system - SOD-1, which is responsible for O(2) ( -) scavenging. Superoxides 156-160 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 124-129 20430825-7 2010 The knockdown of ERAL1 in human HeLa cells elevated mitochondrial superoxide production and slightly decreased mitochondrial membrane potential. Superoxides 66-76 Era like 12S mitochondrial rRNA chaperone 1 Homo sapiens 17-22 21253464-7 2010 Other phenotypes identified suggest that AIM45, YGR207c/CIR1 and YOR356w/CIR2 can protect cells from oxidative and heat stress, which encompass increased heat stress sensitivity, superoxide sensitivity, both only on non-fermentable carbon sources. Superoxides 179-189 Cir1p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 56-60 20688045-5 2010 AngII-induced production of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide were elevated in response to the heat shock treatment. Superoxides 50-60 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-5 20679547-4 2010 Daily treatment of Ang II-infused wild-type mice with recombinant human ACE2 (rhACE2; 2 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) IP) blunted the hypertrophic response and expression of hypertrophy markers and reduced Ang II-induced superoxide production. Superoxides 211-221 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 19-25 20679547-11 2010 In adult ventricular cardiomyocytes and cardiofibroblasts, Ang II-mediated superoxide generation, collagen production, and extracellular signal-regulated 1/2 signaling were inhibited by rhACE2 in an Ang 1-7-dependent manner. Superoxides 75-85 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 59-65 20493251-0 2010 Pluronic-modified superoxide dismutase 1 attenuates angiotensin II-induced increase in intracellular superoxide in neurons. Superoxides 18-28 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 52-66 20493251-1 2010 Overexpressing superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1; also called Cu/ZnSOD), an intracellular superoxide (O(2)(*-))-scavenging enzyme, in central neurons inhibits angiotensin II (AngII) intraneuronal signaling and normalizes cardiovascular dysfunction in diseases associated with enhanced AngII signaling in the brain, including hypertension and heart failure. Superoxides 15-25 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 39-43 20493251-1 2010 Overexpressing superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1; also called Cu/ZnSOD), an intracellular superoxide (O(2)(*-))-scavenging enzyme, in central neurons inhibits angiotensin II (AngII) intraneuronal signaling and normalizes cardiovascular dysfunction in diseases associated with enhanced AngII signaling in the brain, including hypertension and heart failure. Superoxides 15-25 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 154-168 20493945-2 2010 The uncoupling proteins (UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3) and adenine nucleotide translocase induce proton leak in response to exogenously added fatty acids, superoxide, or lipid peroxidation products. Superoxides 147-157 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 31-35 20493251-1 2010 Overexpressing superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1; also called Cu/ZnSOD), an intracellular superoxide (O(2)(*-))-scavenging enzyme, in central neurons inhibits angiotensin II (AngII) intraneuronal signaling and normalizes cardiovascular dysfunction in diseases associated with enhanced AngII signaling in the brain, including hypertension and heart failure. Superoxides 15-25 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 170-175 20493251-1 2010 Overexpressing superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1; also called Cu/ZnSOD), an intracellular superoxide (O(2)(*-))-scavenging enzyme, in central neurons inhibits angiotensin II (AngII) intraneuronal signaling and normalizes cardiovascular dysfunction in diseases associated with enhanced AngII signaling in the brain, including hypertension and heart failure. Superoxides 15-25 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 280-285 20493251-1 2010 Overexpressing superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1; also called Cu/ZnSOD), an intracellular superoxide (O(2)(*-))-scavenging enzyme, in central neurons inhibits angiotensin II (AngII) intraneuronal signaling and normalizes cardiovascular dysfunction in diseases associated with enhanced AngII signaling in the brain, including hypertension and heart failure. Superoxides 97-101 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 15-37 20493251-1 2010 Overexpressing superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1; also called Cu/ZnSOD), an intracellular superoxide (O(2)(*-))-scavenging enzyme, in central neurons inhibits angiotensin II (AngII) intraneuronal signaling and normalizes cardiovascular dysfunction in diseases associated with enhanced AngII signaling in the brain, including hypertension and heart failure. Superoxides 97-101 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 39-43 20493251-4 2010 The modified SOD1 effectively scavenged xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine-derived O(2)(*-), as determined by HPLC and the measurement of 2-hydroxyethidium. Superoxides 78-82 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 13-17 20493251-6 2010 Importantly, without inducing neuronal toxicity, SOD1-Pluronic conjugates significantly inhibited AngII-induced increases in intraneuronal O(2)(*-) levels. Superoxides 139-143 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 49-53 20493251-6 2010 Importantly, without inducing neuronal toxicity, SOD1-Pluronic conjugates significantly inhibited AngII-induced increases in intraneuronal O(2)(*-) levels. Superoxides 139-143 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 98-103 20529851-1 2010 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex of resting phagocytes includes cytochrome b(559), a membrane-associated heterodimer composed of two subunits (Nox2 and p22(phox)), and four cytosolic proteins (p47(phox), p67(phox), Rac, and p40(phox)). Superoxides 4-14 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 219-222 20395942-11 2010 CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that UCP2 plays an important role in preventing salt-sensitive hypertension, which may be achieved by suppressing superoxide production and reserving NO bioavailability in blood vessels. Superoxides 150-160 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 41-45 20511416-8 2010 In the aortic wall, superoxide production was enhanced and NO-dependent relaxation diminished in apoE(-/-) x TGFbeta(1) mice but improved significantly after apocynin or SOD. Superoxides 20-30 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 97-101 20434429-2 2010 This pseudo-catalase cycle involves several redox intermediates including Compounds I, II and III, hydrogen peroxide reduction and oxidation reactions as well as release of both dioxygen and superoxide. Superoxides 191-201 catalase Homo sapiens 12-20 20716276-6 2010 Superoxide anion (*O(2)(-)) plays a proapoptotic role by causing downregulation and degradation of Bcl-2 protein through the ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway. Superoxides 0-16 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 99-104 20609565-5 2010 A 10-fold increase in superoxide production was seen in the Sod2 +/- CA2 neurons, indicating that Sod2 plays an important role in protecting the CA2 region of the hippocampus from seizure-induced free radical damage. Superoxides 22-32 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 60-64 20609565-5 2010 A 10-fold increase in superoxide production was seen in the Sod2 +/- CA2 neurons, indicating that Sod2 plays an important role in protecting the CA2 region of the hippocampus from seizure-induced free radical damage. Superoxides 22-32 carbonic anhydrase 2 Mus musculus 69-72 20609565-5 2010 A 10-fold increase in superoxide production was seen in the Sod2 +/- CA2 neurons, indicating that Sod2 plays an important role in protecting the CA2 region of the hippocampus from seizure-induced free radical damage. Superoxides 22-32 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 98-102 20609565-5 2010 A 10-fold increase in superoxide production was seen in the Sod2 +/- CA2 neurons, indicating that Sod2 plays an important role in protecting the CA2 region of the hippocampus from seizure-induced free radical damage. Superoxides 22-32 carbonic anhydrase 2 Mus musculus 145-148 20489658-11 2010 Taken together, our results suggest that superoxide anions and prostanoids from cyclooxygenase-2 alter pathways downstream of alpha1-adrenoceptor activation in the contralateral carotid in response to injury. Superoxides 41-58 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 80-96 20606111-7 2010 The elevated superoxide levels were normalized by expression of CuZnSOD in RVLM. Superoxides 13-23 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 64-71 20814064-0 2010 Superoxide is a potential culprit of caspase-3 dependent endothelial cell death induced by lysophosphatidylcholine. Superoxides 0-10 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 37-46 20814064-3 2010 In this study, we report that superoxide mediate LPC-induced caspase-3 dependent apoptosis in cultured HUVECs. Superoxides 30-40 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 61-70 20814064-9 2010 These findings indicate that the superoxide generation caused by LPC activates the caspase-3 which results in HUVECs death. Superoxides 33-43 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 83-92 20814064-10 2010 This study reveals some evidences linking superoxide with caspase-3 activation and provides a new dimension to superoxide-mediated caspase-3 activation in developing the endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Superoxides 42-52 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 58-67 20814064-10 2010 This study reveals some evidences linking superoxide with caspase-3 activation and provides a new dimension to superoxide-mediated caspase-3 activation in developing the endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Superoxides 42-52 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 131-140 20814064-10 2010 This study reveals some evidences linking superoxide with caspase-3 activation and provides a new dimension to superoxide-mediated caspase-3 activation in developing the endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Superoxides 111-121 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 131-140 20420821-0 2010 Plumbagin activates ERK1/2 and Akt via superoxide, Src and PI3-kinase in 3T3-L1 cells. Superoxides 39-49 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 31-34 20420821-5 2010 The plumbagin-stimulated ERK1/2 and Akt activities were sensitive to an antioxidant NAC, superoxide dismutase mimetic MnTBAP, superoxide scavenger Tiron and NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor DPI. Superoxides 89-99 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 36-39 20091314-9 2010 During I/R, production of superoxide (O(2) (.-)) was greatest in TNF(++/++) mice as compared to WT, TNF(-/++) and TNF(-/-) mice. Superoxides 26-36 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 65-68 20448043-0 2010 Angiotensin II stimulates thick ascending limb superoxide production via protein kinase C(alpha)-dependent NADPH oxidase activation. Superoxides 47-57 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-14 20448043-1 2010 Angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulates thick ascending limb (TAL) O2 production, but the receptor(s) and signaling mechanism(s)involved are unknown. Superoxides 62-64 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-22 20448043-2 2010 The effect of Ang II on O2. Superoxides 24-26 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 14-20 20448043-5 2010 We hypothesized that in TALs, Ang II stimulates O2. Superoxides 48-50 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 30-36 20448043-6 2010 via AT1and PKC alpha-dependent NADPH oxidase activation.In rat TALs, 1 nM Ang II stimulated O2. Superoxides 92-94 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 74-80 20448043-8 2010 An AT1antagonist blocked the stimulatory effect of Ang II on O2. Superoxides 61-63 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 51-57 20448043-14 2010 A general PKC inhibitor, GF109203X, blocked the effect of Ang II on O2(1.47 +/- .21 versus 2.72 +/- .47 nmol/min/mg with Ang II alone; p < 0.03). Superoxides 68-70 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 58-64 20448043-14 2010 A general PKC inhibitor, GF109203X, blocked the effect of Ang II on O2(1.47 +/- .21 versus 2.72 +/- .47 nmol/min/mg with Ang II alone; p < 0.03). Superoxides 68-70 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 121-127 20448043-15 2010 A PKCalpha- and ss-selective inhibitor, Go6976, also blocked the stimulatory effect of Ang II on O2. Superoxides 97-99 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 87-93 20448043-18 2010 In control TALs, Ang II stimulated O2. Superoxides 35-37 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 17-23 20448215-4 2010 METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, we found that the hormone angiotensin (Ang II) increased endothelial mitochondrial superoxide production. Superoxides 119-129 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 62-73 20448215-4 2010 METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, we found that the hormone angiotensin (Ang II) increased endothelial mitochondrial superoxide production. Superoxides 119-129 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 75-81 20448215-6 2010 These effects were mimicked by overexpressing the mitochondrial MnSOD (SOD2), whereas SOD2 depletion with small interfering RNA increased both basal and Ang II-stimulated cellular O2(-). Superoxides 180-182 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 86-90 20448215-6 2010 These effects were mimicked by overexpressing the mitochondrial MnSOD (SOD2), whereas SOD2 depletion with small interfering RNA increased both basal and Ang II-stimulated cellular O2(-). Superoxides 180-182 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 153-159 20651824-4 2010 These results suggest that in the mouse aorta, exposure to high glucose levels may lead to an excessive generation of superoxide via increased gp91phox and decreased Mn-SOD protein expression and that this may in turn trigger an impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation. Superoxides 118-128 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 166-172 20091314-9 2010 During I/R, production of superoxide (O(2) (.-)) was greatest in TNF(++/++) mice as compared to WT, TNF(-/++) and TNF(-/-) mice. Superoxides 26-36 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 100-103 20091314-9 2010 During I/R, production of superoxide (O(2) (.-)) was greatest in TNF(++/++) mice as compared to WT, TNF(-/++) and TNF(-/-) mice. Superoxides 26-36 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 100-103 20091314-9 2010 During I/R, production of superoxide (O(2) (.-)) was greatest in TNF(++/++) mice as compared to WT, TNF(-/++) and TNF(-/-) mice. Superoxides 38-42 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 65-68 20590844-1 2010 Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) is a mitochondrial enzyme that converts toxic O(2)(-) to H(2)O(2). Superoxides 86-93 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 0-30 20590844-1 2010 Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) is a mitochondrial enzyme that converts toxic O(2)(-) to H(2)O(2). Superoxides 86-93 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 32-38 20223891-4 2010 Significantly higher levels of superoxide were detected in SOD1-deficinet embryos cultured under 20% O(2) using dihydroethidium. Superoxides 31-41 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 59-63 21731194-8 2010 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase are termed as primary antioxidants as these scavenge superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 117-133 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 21731194-8 2010 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase and catalase are termed as primary antioxidants as these scavenge superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 117-133 catalase Homo sapiens 55-63 20375908-6 2010 These protective effects of aliskiren in db/db mice were attributed to the attenuation of p22(phox)-related nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-induced superoxide. Superoxides 168-178 dynein cytoplasmic 1 heavy chain 1 Mus musculus 90-159 20638037-0 2010 Endothelin-1 enhances superoxide and prostaglandin E2 production of isolated diabetic glomeruli. Superoxides 22-32 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-12 20638037-3 2010 The aim of this study was to determine whether ET-1 exerts a differential effect on the production of superoxide and PGE2 in diabetic glomeruli. Superoxides 102-112 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 47-51 20638037-7 2010 ET-1 stimulated superoxide production in normal, DM1W and DM1M glomeruli (p < 0.01) but not in DM3M rats. Superoxides 16-26 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 20638037-10 2010 Pretreatment with indomethacin further enhanced ET-1-stimulated superoxide production in all groups of diabetic rats (p < 0.05), while the ET-1-stimulated PGE2 production was attenuated by indomethacin. Superoxides 64-74 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 48-52 20638037-13 2010 ET-1 further stimulated production of both superoxide and PGE2. Superoxides 43-53 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 20638037-14 2010 Indomethacin could enhance ET-1-stimulated superoxide production while attenuating PGE2 production. Superoxides 43-53 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 27-31 20353766-0 2010 Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers prevent tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated endothelial nitric oxide synthase reduction and superoxide production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Superoxides 133-143 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-14 20353766-0 2010 Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers prevent tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated endothelial nitric oxide synthase reduction and superoxide production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Superoxides 133-143 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 48-75 20353766-9 2010 These results suggest that AT1 receptor blockers are able to ameliorate TNF-alpha-dependent eNOS reduction or cell injury by inhibiting superoxide production or nuclear factor-kappaB activation. Superoxides 136-146 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 72-81 20053589-0 2010 Dietary salt enhances angiotensin-II-induced superoxide formation in the rostral ventrolateral medulla. Superoxides 45-55 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 22-36 20470909-5 2010 Both TNF-alpha mRNA and NF-kappaB activation were reduced by hypoxia that suppressed superoxide anion generation. Superoxides 85-101 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 5-14 20053589-1 2010 We investigated the association of dietary salt and angiotensin-II infusion on hypertension and superoxide formation in the RVLM. Superoxides 96-106 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 52-66 20053589-10 2010 The findings indicate that dietary salt potentiates Ang-II-derived superoxide formation in the RVLM, resulting in a more severe hypertension. Superoxides 67-77 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 52-58 20053589-9 2010 The magnitude of superoxide formation measured by the dihydroethidium technique in the RVLM was greater in the RVLM of rats treated with Ang-II+2% NaCl (123+/-10 Delta%, P<0.05%), than with Ang-II+0.4% (67+/-9 Delta%) and saline+2% NaCl (5+/-3 Delta%,). Superoxides 17-27 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 137-143 20053589-9 2010 The magnitude of superoxide formation measured by the dihydroethidium technique in the RVLM was greater in the RVLM of rats treated with Ang-II+2% NaCl (123+/-10 Delta%, P<0.05%), than with Ang-II+0.4% (67+/-9 Delta%) and saline+2% NaCl (5+/-3 Delta%,). Superoxides 17-27 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 193-199 20226235-6 2010 It was observed that superoxide production through the activation of the calcium-dependent enzymes, phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) and xanthine oxidase (XaO), contributes to neuronal damage, while nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is apparently not involved. Superoxides 21-31 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 100-118 20226235-6 2010 It was observed that superoxide production through the activation of the calcium-dependent enzymes, phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) and xanthine oxidase (XaO), contributes to neuronal damage, while nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is apparently not involved. Superoxides 21-31 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 195-216 20215577-9 2010 L-arginine may act through three pathways, providing a substrate for NO generation, preserving eNOS expression/phosphorylation, and maintaining the association of eNOS and HSP90, which allows restoration of eNOS activity and coupling activity, to maintain the balance between NO and O(2)(*-) and delay the development of PH. Superoxides 283-287 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Rattus norvegicus 172-177 20335375-2 2010 Because vascular superoxide increases ANG II sensitivity, we hypothesized that peripheral responsiveness following recovery from AKI was attributable to vascular oxidant stress. Superoxides 17-27 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 38-44 20345980-5 2010 While treatment with 50 microM ketamine inhibited fMLP-induced superoxide generation by 10%, treatment with 400 microM S(+)-ketamine and R(-)-ketamine reduced fMLP-induced superoxide generation to 60.5 +/- 8.3% and 60.0 +/- 8.5%, respectively, compared with that in neutrophils treated with fMLP alone. Superoxides 63-73 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 50-54 20149782-2 2010 Although most previous work has implicated the A(2A)AR, we have recently shown that selective activation of the abundantly expressed A(3)AR inhibits neutrophil superoxide production and chemotaxis providing a potential mechanistic explanation for the efficacy of A(3)AR agonists in experimental animal models of inflammation. Superoxides 160-170 adenosine A3 receptor Mus musculus 133-139 20149782-3 2010 In this study, we hypothesized that the A(3)AR suppresses neutrophil functions by inhibiting the monomeric GTPase Rac, a central regulator of chemokine-directed neutrophil migration and superoxide production. Superoxides 186-196 adenosine A3 receptor Mus musculus 40-46 20149782-3 2010 In this study, we hypothesized that the A(3)AR suppresses neutrophil functions by inhibiting the monomeric GTPase Rac, a central regulator of chemokine-directed neutrophil migration and superoxide production. Superoxides 186-196 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 114-117 20345980-0 2010 Ketamine reduces inducible superoxide generation in human neutrophils in vitro by modulating the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-mediated pathway. Superoxides 27-37 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 97-133 20345980-4 2010 Here, we show that treatment with S(+)-ketamine or R(-)-ketamine at different concentrations (50, 100, 200, 400 microM) reduced fMLP-induced superoxide anion generation and p47(phox) phosphorylation in neutrophils in a concentration-dependent manner (y = -0.093x + 93.35 for S(+)-ketamine and y = -0.0982x + 95.603 for R(-)-ketamine, respectively). Superoxides 141-157 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 128-132 20345980-5 2010 While treatment with 50 microM ketamine inhibited fMLP-induced superoxide generation by 10%, treatment with 400 microM S(+)-ketamine and R(-)-ketamine reduced fMLP-induced superoxide generation to 60.5 +/- 8.3% and 60.0 +/- 8.5%, respectively, compared with that in neutrophils treated with fMLP alone. Superoxides 172-182 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 159-163 20345980-5 2010 While treatment with 50 microM ketamine inhibited fMLP-induced superoxide generation by 10%, treatment with 400 microM S(+)-ketamine and R(-)-ketamine reduced fMLP-induced superoxide generation to 60.5 +/- 8.3% and 60.0 +/- 8.5%, respectively, compared with that in neutrophils treated with fMLP alone. Superoxides 172-182 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 159-163 20345980-7 2010 Interestingly, treatment with SB203580, the p38 MAPK inhibitor, also mitigated fMLP-induced superoxide anion generation and p38 MAPK and p47(phox) phosphorylation as well as apoptosis in a concentration-dependent fashion in neutrophils. Superoxides 92-108 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 44-47 20345980-7 2010 Interestingly, treatment with SB203580, the p38 MAPK inhibitor, also mitigated fMLP-induced superoxide anion generation and p38 MAPK and p47(phox) phosphorylation as well as apoptosis in a concentration-dependent fashion in neutrophils. Superoxides 92-108 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 79-83 20345980-8 2010 Therefore, ketamine racemes inhibited fMLP-induced superoxide anion generation and p47(phox) phosphorylation by modulating fMLP-mediated p38 MAPK activation in neutrophils. Superoxides 51-67 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 38-42 20345980-8 2010 Therefore, ketamine racemes inhibited fMLP-induced superoxide anion generation and p47(phox) phosphorylation by modulating fMLP-mediated p38 MAPK activation in neutrophils. Superoxides 51-67 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 137-140 20211249-10 2010 These results suggest that hepatotoxicity exhibited by the Hsp90 inhibitors belonging to benzoquinone ansamycins could be attributed to superoxide. Superoxides 136-146 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Rattus norvegicus 59-64 20445533-2 2010 Through activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, angiotensin II induces superoxide, which is primarily cleared by cytosolic copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD). Superoxides 98-108 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 75-89 20385973-9 2010 RNA interference knockdown of IL-6 significantly decreased the cold-induced increase in vascular superoxide production. Superoxides 97-107 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 30-34 20439821-0 2010 Angiotensin II-induced vascular smooth muscle cell migration and growth are mediated by cytochrome P450 1B1-dependent superoxide generation. Superoxides 118-128 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-14 20117233-6 2010 Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor l-NAME increased phagocytosis, LT and superoxide formation by neutrophils, and abolished the difference in the action of the LPSs forms. Superoxides 76-86 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 0-21 20400306-2 2010 The SOD-like activity of parent ligands and complexes were determined by the inhibition of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction method, using xanthine/xanthine oxidase as the superoxide radical generator. Superoxides 176-186 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 4-7 20480235-2 2010 Infusions of Ang II and a high salt diet increase the activity of NADPH oxidase that stimulates superoxide anion (O(-2)) generation and increases the expression of certain subunits of NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 96-112 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 13-19 20480235-3 2010 Apocynin, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor with antihypertensive effects, is able to inhibit the release of superoxide anion by inhibiting NADPH oxidase activity and blocking the migration of p47 phox to the mitochondrial membrane. Superoxides 102-118 NSFL1 cofactor Rattus norvegicus 186-189 20385134-5 2010 The resultant anionic current balances the excess charge extruded by the active NADPH oxidase, supporting the generation of superoxide by the enzyme. Superoxides 124-134 dual oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 80-93 20459757-11 2010 Agents that generate hydroxyl and superoxide radicals reduce EBNA1"s activity but increase transactivation by Tat. Superoxides 34-44 EBNA-1 Human gammaherpesvirus 4 61-66 20363911-8 2010 Furthermore, overexpression of Bcl-2 in the vascular endothelium inhibited the diabetes-induced degeneration of retinal capillaries and aberrant superoxide generation, but had no effect on Bax expression or leukostasis. Superoxides 145-155 B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 Mus musculus 31-36 20097285-7 2010 Nuclear G93A SOD1 has identical superoxide dismutase activity but displays increased peroxidase activity when compared to wild-type SOD1. Superoxides 32-42 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 13-17 20127174-7 2010 Bcl-2 down-regulation as well as anoikis enhancement by curcumin were inhibited by superoxide anion scavenger, Mn(III)tetrakis(4-benzoic acid) porphyrin chloride, but were unaffected by other ROS scavengers including catalase and deferoxamine, suggesting that superoxide anion is a key player in the downregulation of Bcl-2 by curcumin. Superoxides 83-99 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 0-5 20127174-7 2010 Bcl-2 down-regulation as well as anoikis enhancement by curcumin were inhibited by superoxide anion scavenger, Mn(III)tetrakis(4-benzoic acid) porphyrin chloride, but were unaffected by other ROS scavengers including catalase and deferoxamine, suggesting that superoxide anion is a key player in the downregulation of Bcl-2 by curcumin. Superoxides 260-276 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 0-5 20074642-5 2010 P-Rex1-dependent superoxide generation in the reconstituted COS(phox) cells was further enhanced by expression of the novel PKC isoform PKCdelta and by overexpression of Akt. Superoxides 17-27 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 64-68 20074642-5 2010 P-Rex1-dependent superoxide generation in the reconstituted COS(phox) cells was further enhanced by expression of the novel PKC isoform PKCdelta and by overexpression of Akt. Superoxides 17-27 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 170-173 20074642-7 2010 In contrast, a dominant negative Akt mutant reduced the fMet-Leu-Phe stimulated superoxide generation as well as Rac1 activation. Superoxides 80-90 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 33-36 20074642-8 2010 These results demonstrate that in COS(phox) cells, P-Rex1 is a critical component for FPR1-mediated signaling leading to NADPH oxidase activation, and there is a crosstalk between the P-Rex1-Rac pathway and Akt in superoxide generation. Superoxides 214-224 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 38-42 20074642-8 2010 These results demonstrate that in COS(phox) cells, P-Rex1 is a critical component for FPR1-mediated signaling leading to NADPH oxidase activation, and there is a crosstalk between the P-Rex1-Rac pathway and Akt in superoxide generation. Superoxides 214-224 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 86-90 20074642-8 2010 These results demonstrate that in COS(phox) cells, P-Rex1 is a critical component for FPR1-mediated signaling leading to NADPH oxidase activation, and there is a crosstalk between the P-Rex1-Rac pathway and Akt in superoxide generation. Superoxides 214-224 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 207-210 20184893-1 2010 Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is a dimeric metal-binding enzyme responsible for the dismutation of toxic superoxide to hydrogen peroxide and oxygen in cells. Superoxides 6-16 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 20439172-9 2010 Oxidative stress induced by As, especially excessive superoxide, plays a critical role in blocking the LKB1-AMPK pathway. Superoxides 53-63 serine/threonine kinase 11 Mus musculus 103-107 20439172-9 2010 Oxidative stress induced by As, especially excessive superoxide, plays a critical role in blocking the LKB1-AMPK pathway. Superoxides 53-63 protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit Mus musculus 108-112 20040516-10 2010 Collectively, we show that Sod1(-/-) mice display characteristics of normal aging muscle in an accelerated manner and propose that the superoxide-induced NMJ degeneration and mitochondrial dysfunction are potential mechanisms of sarcopenia. Superoxides 135-145 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 27-31 20346917-1 2010 The membrane bound cytochrome b558 composed of large gp91-phox and small p22-phox subunits, and cytosolic proteins p40-, p47- and p67-phox are important components of superoxide (O(2)(-))-generating system in phagocytes and B lymphocytes. Superoxides 179-182 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 130-133 20346917-0 2010 Curcumin dramatically enhances retinoic acid-induced superoxide generating activity via accumulation of p47-phox and p67-phox proteins in U937 cells. Superoxides 53-63 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 117-120 20346917-1 2010 The membrane bound cytochrome b558 composed of large gp91-phox and small p22-phox subunits, and cytosolic proteins p40-, p47- and p67-phox are important components of superoxide (O(2)(-))-generating system in phagocytes and B lymphocytes. Superoxides 167-177 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 130-133 20346917-7 2010 These results suggested that curcumin dramatically enhances RA-induced O(2)(-)-generating activity via accumulation of cytosolic p47-phox and p67-phox proteins in U937 cells. Superoxides 71-78 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 142-145 20089930-0 2010 Mitochondria-produced superoxide mediates angiotensin II-induced inhibition of neuronal potassium current. Superoxides 22-32 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 42-56 20053794-0 2010 PKC-alpha mediates flow-stimulated superoxide production in thick ascending limbs. Superoxides 35-45 protein kinase C, alpha Mus musculus 0-9 20053794-4 2010 We hypothesized that PKC mediates flow-stimulated net O(2)(-) production by thick ascending limbs. Superoxides 54-58 protein kinase C, alpha Mus musculus 21-24 20053794-7 2010 Flow-stimulated O(2)(-) was also blocked in p47(phox)-deficient mice. Superoxides 16-20 NSFL1 (p97) cofactor (p47) Mus musculus 44-47 20089675-8 2010 In cultured proximal tubular cells, TK inhibited angiotensin II-induced superoxide production and NADH oxidase activity via NO formation. Superoxides 72-82 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 49-63 20053794-9 2010 In the absence of flow, the PKC activator phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (200 nM) enhanced net O(2)(-) production from 5 +/- 2 to 92 +/- 6 AU/s (P < 0.001; n = 6). Superoxides 96-100 protein kinase C, alpha Mus musculus 28-31 20053794-10 2010 The PKC-alpha- and betaI-selective inhibitor Go 6976 (100 nM) decreased flow-stimulated net O(2)(-) production from 54 +/- 15 to 2 +/- 1 AU/s (P < 0.04; n = 5). Superoxides 92-96 protein kinase C, alpha Mus musculus 4-13 20053794-11 2010 Flow-induced net O(2)(-) production was inhibited in thick ascending limbs transduced with dominant-negative (dn)PKC-alpha but not dnPKCbetaI or LacZ (Delta = 11 +/- 3 AU/s for dnPKCalpha, 55 +/- 7 AU/s for dnPKCbetaI, and 63 +/- 7 AU/s for LacZ; P < 0.001; n = 6). Superoxides 17-21 protein kinase C, alpha Mus musculus 113-122 20053794-12 2010 We concluded that flow stimulates net O(2)(-) production in thick ascending limbs via PKC-alpha-mediated activation of NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 38-43 protein kinase C, alpha Mus musculus 86-95 20194307-8 2010 Moreover, pitavastatin and Tempol reduced Ang II-induced atrial superoxide production and atrial transforming growth factor-beta1 expression and Smad 2/3 phosphorylation. Superoxides 64-74 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 42-48 19843095-2 2010 Regulation of vascular Nox2-containing NADPH oxidase by p47(phox) plays a pivotal role in the development of atherosclerotic lesions through the generation of superoxide. Superoxides 159-169 NSFL1 (p97) cofactor (p47) Mus musculus 56-59 20214507-6 2010 Plasma and liver high-mobility group box 1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were also suppressed with the suppression of O(2).- generation. Superoxides 187-191 glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2 Rattus norvegicus 86-112 20125033-6 2010 TNF increased intracellular superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production accompanied by increases of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression and nitric oxide production. Superoxides 28-38 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-3 20194292-3 2010 In the present study, we hypothesized that EPO stimulates expression and activity of copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (SOD1), thus protecting vascular tissue from oxidative stress induced by excessive concentrations of superoxide anions. Superoxides 235-252 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 135-139 20194292-6 2010 The ability of EPO to reduce vascular production of superoxide anions was abolished in SOD1-deficient mice. Superoxides 52-69 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 87-91 20194298-6 2010 Ang II treatment produced superoxide-mediated impairment of responses to the endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine (P<0.05). Superoxides 26-36 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 0-6 20194298-10 2010 Vascular superoxide levels after treatment with an inhibitor of CuZn and extracellular superoxide dismutase were higher in Ang II-treated versus vehicle-treated MnSOD(+/-) mice. Superoxides 9-19 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 123-129 20194298-10 2010 Vascular superoxide levels after treatment with an inhibitor of CuZn and extracellular superoxide dismutase were higher in Ang II-treated versus vehicle-treated MnSOD(+/-) mice. Superoxides 9-19 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 161-166 20103697-0 2010 Superoxide scavenging and Akt inhibition in myocardium ameliorate pressure overload-induced NF-kappaB activation and cardiac hypertrophy. Superoxides 0-10 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 92-101 20103697-1 2010 Recent studies from our laboratory and others have shown that increases in cytoplasmic superoxide (O(2)( -)) levels and Akt activation play a key role in agonist-stimulated NF-kappaB activation and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro. Superoxides 87-97 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 173-182 20103697-1 2010 Recent studies from our laboratory and others have shown that increases in cytoplasmic superoxide (O(2)( -)) levels and Akt activation play a key role in agonist-stimulated NF-kappaB activation and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vitro. Superoxides 99-103 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 173-182 20103697-9 2010 Since a direct cause-and-effect relationship between NF-kappaB activation and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy has been established previously, our data support the hypothesis that increased O(2)( -) generation and Akt activation are key signaling intermediates in pressure overload-induced activation of NF-kappaB and cardiac hypertrophy. Superoxides 184-188 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 53-62 20103697-9 2010 Since a direct cause-and-effect relationship between NF-kappaB activation and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy has been established previously, our data support the hypothesis that increased O(2)( -) generation and Akt activation are key signaling intermediates in pressure overload-induced activation of NF-kappaB and cardiac hypertrophy. Superoxides 184-188 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 298-307 20150548-2 2010 The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that changes in superoxide, in genetically altered mice with deletion and overexpression of copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (SOD1), modulate susceptibility to ICH. Superoxides 66-76 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 176-180 20150548-9 2010 Moreover, levels of superoxide and matrix metalloproteinase-9 were greater in SOD1(-/-) mice than wild-type littermates after induction of ICH. Superoxides 20-30 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 78-82 20060889-5 2010 However, overexpression of SOD2 in these cells reduced the mitochondrial superoxide level, protected mitochondrial morphology and functions, and provided resistance against glutamate-induced oxidative cytotoxicity. Superoxides 73-83 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 27-31 20224768-4 2010 Our findings show that the absence of STAT3 signaling in astrocytes leads to (i) increased production of superoxide anion and other reactive oxygen species and decreased level of glutathione, (ii) decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased ATP production, and (iii) decreased rate of cell proliferation. Superoxides 105-121 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 38-43 20100497-8 2010 Additionally, Ang II stimulated O(2)(-) and ROS generations in VSMCs, and EGCG decreased the Ang II-induced increase of O(2)(-) and ROS in a concentration-dependent fashion. Superoxides 32-36 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 14-20 20015941-3 2010 Diabetic RAGE-/- mice were protected against albuminuria, hyperfiltration, glomerulosclerosis, decreased renal mitochondrial ATP production, and excess generation of both mitochondrial and cytosolic superoxide. Superoxides 199-209 advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor Mus musculus 9-13 20007453-0 2010 Tumor necrosis factor induces matrix metalloproteinases in cardiomyocytes and cardiofibroblasts differentially via superoxide production in a PI3Kgamma-dependent manner. Superoxides 115-125 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 0-21 20007453-5 2010 In response to recombinant TNF (rTNF, 20 ng/ml), cardiomyocytes exhibited faster and more pronounced superoxide production compared with cardiofibroblasts, concomitant with increased expression of several MMPs. Superoxides 101-111 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 27-30 20007453-10 2010 We identified phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)gamma as a key factor in TNF-mediated events since TNF-induced superoxide production, MMP expression, and activity were significantly suppressed in cardiomyocytes and cardiofibroblasts deficient in PI3Kgamma. Superoxides 113-123 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 75-78 20007453-10 2010 We identified phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)gamma as a key factor in TNF-mediated events since TNF-induced superoxide production, MMP expression, and activity were significantly suppressed in cardiomyocytes and cardiofibroblasts deficient in PI3Kgamma. Superoxides 113-123 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 101-104 20007453-11 2010 We further demonstrated that the TNF-superoxide-MMP axis of events is in fact activated in heart disease in vivo. Superoxides 37-47 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 33-36 20007453-13 2010 Our study demonstrates that TNF triggers expression and activation of MMPs faster and stronger in cardiomyocytes than in cardiofibroblasts in a superoxide-dependent manner and via activation of PI3Kgamma, thereby contributing to adverse myocardial remodeling in disease. Superoxides 144-154 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 28-31 20034962-3 2010 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide, which is subsequently detoxified by catalase. Superoxides 56-72 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 20091890-6 2010 Moreover, ACSO mitigated TNF-alpha induced depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and overproduction of superoxide anion, associated with the inhibition of NOX4, a subunit of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase, mRNA transcription. Superoxides 116-132 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 25-34 20044444-10 2010 Employing this cell line, we also found that the ANG II-induced inhibition of Kv4.3 mRNA expression was attenuated by the superoxide scavenger Tempol and the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB-203580. Superoxides 122-132 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 49-55 20044444-10 2010 Employing this cell line, we also found that the ANG II-induced inhibition of Kv4.3 mRNA expression was attenuated by the superoxide scavenger Tempol and the p38 MAPK inhibitor SB-203580. Superoxides 122-132 potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily D member 3 Rattus norvegicus 78-83 20139358-6 2010 JNK small interference RNA (siJNK) reduced oxLDL-induced mitochondrial superoxide production by 88.4% and mitochondrial membrane potential by 61.7%. Superoxides 71-81 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 0-3 19740072-5 2010 These include eNOS(endothelial NO synthase), which produces NO (inhibited by Rho), and NADPH oxidase, which produces superoxide (dependent on Rac). Superoxides 117-127 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 142-145 19892017-7 2010 The increase in NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production positively correlated with the activation of both CAT and GPx. Superoxides 40-50 catalase Homo sapiens 112-115 19843513-8 2010 Phenylephrine and endothelin-1 induced powerful concentration-dependent vasoconstrictions that were unaffected by superoxide scavengers. Superoxides 114-124 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 18-30 19040422-4 2010 These events are attenuated in cells stably overexpressing the antioxidant enzyme SOD1, suggesting that superoxide plays a crucial role in destabilizing cytoskeleton. Superoxides 104-114 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 82-86 20154025-0 2010 Intermittent high glucose exacerbates the aberrant production of adiponectin and resistin through mitochondrial superoxide overproduction in adipocytes. Superoxides 112-122 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Homo sapiens 65-76 20016022-8 2010 The protective effects of MnSOD, tempol, NOS inhibitors, and uric acid point out a role of the superoxide anion reacting with NO to form mtDNA-damaging peroxynitrite. Superoxides 95-111 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 26-31 19946124-7 2010 Site-directed mutagenesis of the actin-binding domain of eNOS replacing leucine and tryptophan with alanine yielded an eNOS mutant that exhibited reduced eNOS-beta-actin association, decreased NO production, and increased superoxide formation in COS-7 cells. Superoxides 222-232 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 57-61 19946124-7 2010 Site-directed mutagenesis of the actin-binding domain of eNOS replacing leucine and tryptophan with alanine yielded an eNOS mutant that exhibited reduced eNOS-beta-actin association, decreased NO production, and increased superoxide formation in COS-7 cells. Superoxides 222-232 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 119-123 19946124-0 2010 Beta-actin association with endothelial nitric-oxide synthase modulates nitric oxide and superoxide generation from the enzyme. Superoxides 89-99 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 28-61 19946124-7 2010 Site-directed mutagenesis of the actin-binding domain of eNOS replacing leucine and tryptophan with alanine yielded an eNOS mutant that exhibited reduced eNOS-beta-actin association, decreased NO production, and increased superoxide formation in COS-7 cells. Superoxides 222-232 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 119-123 19946124-8 2010 Disruption of eNOS-beta-actin interaction in endothelial cells using ABS peptide 326 resulted in decreased NO production, increased superoxide formation, and decreased endothelial monolayer wound repair, which was prevented by PEG-SOD and NO donor NOC-18. Superoxides 132-142 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 14-18 19946124-9 2010 Taken together, this novel finding indicates that beta-actin binding to eNOS through residues 326-333 in the eNOS protein results in shifting the enzymatic activity from superoxide formation toward NO production. Superoxides 170-180 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 72-76 19946124-9 2010 Taken together, this novel finding indicates that beta-actin binding to eNOS through residues 326-333 in the eNOS protein results in shifting the enzymatic activity from superoxide formation toward NO production. Superoxides 170-180 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 109-113 19946124-10 2010 Modulation of NO and superoxide formation from eNOS by beta-actin plays an important role in endothelial function. Superoxides 21-31 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 47-51 19895807-0 2010 The role of superoxide anion in the inhibitory effect of SIN-1 in thrombin-activated human platelet adhesion. Superoxides 12-28 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 57-62 19895807-4 2010 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) co-generates NO and O(2)(-), yielding ONOO(-). Superoxides 52-56 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 25-30 20039174-0 2010 Oxidative stress induced by loss of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) or superoxide-generating herbicides causes axonal degeneration in mouse DRG cultures. Superoxides 42-52 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 64-68 19951259-6 2010 Superoxide production was increased in mthfr+/- mice fed HCD treated or not with rosiglitazone, whereas plasma nitrite was decreased by rosiglitazone in mice fed or not HCD. Superoxides 0-10 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase Mus musculus 39-44 19685356-5 2010 RESULTS: In hIP samples tested by cytochrome c reduction kinetics, the average superoxide production was 27.34 mumoles per mg of total protein, against 0.36 in controls. Superoxides 79-89 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 34-46 20007513-0 2010 GTPase-Rac enhances depolarization-induced superoxide production by the macula densa during tubuloglomerular feedback. Superoxides 43-53 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 7-10 20007513-11 2010 In conclusion, we found that depolarization of the MD during TGF leads to translocation of Rac to the apical membrane, which enhances O(2)(-) generation by the MD. Superoxides 134-137 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 91-94 19729361-7 2010 Enhanced NF-kappaB activity in db/db mice was associated with increased oxidative stress as demonstrated by increased ROS, superoxide, and peroxynitrite production, and increased NF-kappaB, gp91phox, and Nox1 expression; PDTC ameliorated these effects. Superoxides 123-133 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 9-18 20094844-1 2010 Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is an antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes the removal of superoxide radicals generated in various biological oxidations. Superoxides 6-16 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 20045652-3 2010 The geometry at the central metal ion provides a site for binding of superoxide anion responsible for better SOD mimic behaviour. Superoxides 69-85 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 109-112 19891970-8 2010 Agonist inactivation occurs through a myeloperoxidase (MPO)/hydrogen peroxide catalyzed reaction, and the problem could be avoided by using a FACS based technique to measure the change in [Ca(2+)](i), by the use of an agonist insensitive to the MPO/hydrogen peroxide-system or, by adding an MPO inhibitor or a scavenger that removes either superoxide/hydrogen peroxide or the MPO-derived metabolites. Superoxides 340-350 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 38-53 20065158-1 2010 In the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), angiotensin II-derived superoxide anions, which increase sympathetic nerve activity, induce a pressor response by activating the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. Superoxides 68-85 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 45-59 20065158-1 2010 In the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), angiotensin II-derived superoxide anions, which increase sympathetic nerve activity, induce a pressor response by activating the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. Superoxides 68-85 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 226-263 20065158-1 2010 In the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), angiotensin II-derived superoxide anions, which increase sympathetic nerve activity, induce a pressor response by activating the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. Superoxides 68-85 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 265-268 20010434-4 2010 ANG induced an increase in the extracellular superoxide anion produced by NADPH oxidase but had no effect in the intracellular ROS production. Superoxides 45-61 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-3 20053941-2 2010 Phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2))-derived arachidonic acid (AA) activates the assembly of NADPH oxidase to generate superoxide anion. Superoxides 110-126 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 0-18 20053941-2 2010 Phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2))-derived arachidonic acid (AA) activates the assembly of NADPH oxidase to generate superoxide anion. Superoxides 110-126 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 20-26 20053941-4 2010 The aim of this study was to identify the PLA(2) isoform involved in the regulation of superoxide generation in neutrophils and investigate if PLA(2) mediates priming in response to pathologic hyperglycemia. Superoxides 87-97 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 42-48 20053941-6 2010 Incubating neutrophils with the Ca(2+)-independent PLA(2) (iPLA(2)) inhibitor bromoenol lactone (BEL) completely suppressed fMLP-induced generation of superoxide. Superoxides 151-161 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 51-57 20053941-6 2010 Incubating neutrophils with the Ca(2+)-independent PLA(2) (iPLA(2)) inhibitor bromoenol lactone (BEL) completely suppressed fMLP-induced generation of superoxide. Superoxides 151-161 phospholipase A2 group VI Homo sapiens 59-66 20053941-6 2010 Incubating neutrophils with the Ca(2+)-independent PLA(2) (iPLA(2)) inhibitor bromoenol lactone (BEL) completely suppressed fMLP-induced generation of superoxide. Superoxides 151-161 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 124-128 20053941-8 2010 Small interfering RNA knockdown of iPLA(2) inhibited superoxide generation by neutrophils. Superoxides 53-63 phospholipase A2 group VI Homo sapiens 35-42 20053941-9 2010 Neutrophils from people with poorly controlled diabetes and in vitro incubation of neutrophils with high glucose and the receptor for advanced glycation end products ligand S100B greatly enhanced superoxide generation compared with controls, and this was significantly inhibited by BEL. Superoxides 196-206 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 173-178 20053941-12 2010 This study provides evidence for the role of iPLA(2) in enhanced superoxide generation in neutrophils from people with diabetes mellitus and presents an alternate pathway independent of protein kinase C and phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase-1 hydrolase signaling. Superoxides 65-75 phospholipase A2 group VI Homo sapiens 45-52 20022053-2 2010 Mice with mutation in the Immp2l gene have high superoxide ion levels and a consequent decrease in the bioavailable amount of nitric oxide. Superoxides 48-58 IMP2 inner mitochondrial membrane peptidase-like (S. cerevisiae) Mus musculus 26-32 20033309-2 2010 We investigated the hypothesis that SOD3, which neutralizes superoxide anions (O2(-)) in the intercellular space of the brain, prevents the inactivation of nitric oxide (NO) and is thus involved in regulating cerebral vascular tone. Superoxides 60-77 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 36-40 20033309-2 2010 We investigated the hypothesis that SOD3, which neutralizes superoxide anions (O2(-)) in the intercellular space of the brain, prevents the inactivation of nitric oxide (NO) and is thus involved in regulating cerebral vascular tone. Superoxides 79-81 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 36-40 20033309-4 2010 In normal conditions, SOD3 was found to minimize O2(-) levels, protecting endogenously produced NO at a sufficient level to maintain cerebral vascular tone and reactivity. Superoxides 49-51 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 22-26 20033309-6 2010 SOD3 was found to neutralize superoxide anions produced in the brain during respiration of 100% O2 and to maintain basal NO levels and its vasodilatory potential in normobaric hyperoxia. Superoxides 29-46 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 0-4 20033309-6 2010 SOD3 was found to neutralize superoxide anions produced in the brain during respiration of 100% O2 and to maintain basal NO levels and its vasodilatory potential in normobaric hyperoxia. Superoxides 96-98 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 0-4 19915948-0 2010 Xanthine dehydrogenase AtXDH1 from Arabidopsis thaliana is a potent producer of superoxide anions via its NADH oxidase activity. Superoxides 80-97 xanthine dehydrogenase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 23-29 19915948-3 2010 By an alternative activity, AtXDH1 is capable of oxidizing NADH with concomitant formation of NAD(+) and superoxide. Superoxides 105-115 xanthine dehydrogenase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 28-34 19915948-4 2010 Here we demonstrate that in comparison to the specific activity with xanthine as substrate, the specific activity of recombinant AtXDH1 with NADH as substrate is about 15-times higher accompanied by a doubling in superoxide production. Superoxides 213-223 xanthine dehydrogenase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 129-135 19915948-6 2010 Rather, each sub-activity is determined by specific conditions such as the availability of substrates and co-substrates, which allows regulation of superoxide production by AtXDH1. Superoxides 148-158 xanthine dehydrogenase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 173-179 19915948-7 2010 Since AtXDH1 exhibits the most pronounced NADH oxidase activity among all xanthine dehydrogenase proteins studied thus far, our results imply that in particular by its NADH oxidase activity AtXDH1 is an efficient producer of superoxide also in vivo. Superoxides 225-235 xanthine dehydrogenase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 6-12 19915948-7 2010 Since AtXDH1 exhibits the most pronounced NADH oxidase activity among all xanthine dehydrogenase proteins studied thus far, our results imply that in particular by its NADH oxidase activity AtXDH1 is an efficient producer of superoxide also in vivo. Superoxides 225-235 xanthine dehydrogenase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 190-196 19891970-8 2010 Agonist inactivation occurs through a myeloperoxidase (MPO)/hydrogen peroxide catalyzed reaction, and the problem could be avoided by using a FACS based technique to measure the change in [Ca(2+)](i), by the use of an agonist insensitive to the MPO/hydrogen peroxide-system or, by adding an MPO inhibitor or a scavenger that removes either superoxide/hydrogen peroxide or the MPO-derived metabolites. Superoxides 340-350 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 55-58 19815008-7 2010 Gp120-induced Ca(2+) signaling in both neuron types was inhibited by GPx1 or Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), implicating superoxide and peroxide in ligand (gp120)-induced signaling upstream of Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores. Superoxides 83-93 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 105-109 20026664-0 2010 VSOP/Hv1 proton channels sustain calcium entry, neutrophil migration, and superoxide production by limiting cell depolarization and acidification. Superoxides 74-84 hydrogen voltage-gated channel 1 Mus musculus 0-4 20026664-2 2010 Voltage-gated proton channels (voltage-sensing domain only protein [VSOP]/Hv1) are required for high-level superoxide production by phagocytes, but the mechanism of this effect is not established. Superoxides 107-117 hydrogen voltage-gated channel 1 Mus musculus 31-66 20026664-2 2010 Voltage-gated proton channels (voltage-sensing domain only protein [VSOP]/Hv1) are required for high-level superoxide production by phagocytes, but the mechanism of this effect is not established. Superoxides 107-117 hydrogen voltage-gated channel 1 Mus musculus 68-72 20026664-4 2010 VSOP/Hv1-/- neutrophils had a more acidic cytosol, were more depolarized, and produced less superoxide and hydrogen peroxide than neutrophils from wild-type mice. Superoxides 92-102 hydrogen voltage-gated channel 1 Mus musculus 0-4 20018626-0 2010 Cytohesin-1 regulates the Arf6-phospholipase D signaling axis in human neutrophils: impact on superoxide anion production and secretion. Superoxides 94-110 cytohesin 1 Homo sapiens 0-11 20018626-7 2010 Similarly, silencing cytohesin-1 or Arf6 in PLB-985 cells negatively affected fMLF-induced activation of PLD, superoxide production, and expression of granule markers on the cell surface. Superoxides 110-120 cytohesin 1 Homo sapiens 21-32 19819231-7 2010 SOD2 knockdown increased intracellular superoxide levels and cell death was presumed triggered from knockdown. Superoxides 39-49 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 0-4 21061463-8 2010 The results showed that CMP could inhibit mitochondrial injury and swelling induced by Fe2(+)-L-Cysteine in a concentration- dependent manner and it also had a significant superoxide anion scavenging effect. Superoxides 172-188 matrilin 1, cartilage matrix protein Mus musculus 24-27 21188246-2 2010 Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)) is an essential cofactor of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) to produce NO, whereas dihydrobiopterin (BH(2)) can shift the eNOS product profile from NO to superoxide, which is further converted to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and cause I/R injury. Superoxides 181-191 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 81-85 19684035-3 2010 Arginase, an enzyme that competes with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) for l-arginine, not only reduces NO formation but also increases superoxide production by NOS. Superoxides 132-142 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 39-60 19846752-0 2010 Angiotensin II enhances hyperpolarization-activated currents in rat aortic baroreceptor neurons: involvement of superoxide. Superoxides 112-122 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-14 19846752-9 2010 In addition, NADPH oxidase inhibitor (100 muM apocynin) and superoxide scavenger (1 mM tempol) also significantly blunted the ANG II-induced increase of the I(h) and decrease of the membrane excitability in the AB neurons. Superoxides 60-70 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 126-132 19846752-10 2010 Furthermore, losartan, apocynin, or tempol significantly attenuated the superoxide overproduction in the NG tissues induced by ANG II. Superoxides 72-82 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 127-133 19846752-11 2010 These results suggest that ANG II-NADPH oxidase-superoxide signaling can activate the I(h) and subsequently decrease the membrane excitability of rat AB neurons. Superoxides 48-58 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 27-33 20392440-2 2010 It has been described that Nef, a regulatory protein from HIV, can modulate superoxide production in other cells, therefore altered superoxide production in neutrophils from HIV infected patients, could be secondary to a direct effect of Nef on components of the NADPH oxidase complex. Superoxides 76-86 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 27-30 20110684-8 2010 Taken together, these data indicate that LPC induces superoxide overload in HUVECs via SOD1 inhibition and downregulates phospho-ERK1/2 and eNOS levels. Superoxides 53-63 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 87-91 20392440-2 2010 It has been described that Nef, a regulatory protein from HIV, can modulate superoxide production in other cells, therefore altered superoxide production in neutrophils from HIV infected patients, could be secondary to a direct effect of Nef on components of the NADPH oxidase complex. Superoxides 76-86 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 238-241 20392440-2 2010 It has been described that Nef, a regulatory protein from HIV, can modulate superoxide production in other cells, therefore altered superoxide production in neutrophils from HIV infected patients, could be secondary to a direct effect of Nef on components of the NADPH oxidase complex. Superoxides 132-142 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 27-30 20392440-2 2010 It has been described that Nef, a regulatory protein from HIV, can modulate superoxide production in other cells, therefore altered superoxide production in neutrophils from HIV infected patients, could be secondary to a direct effect of Nef on components of the NADPH oxidase complex. Superoxides 132-142 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 238-241 20392440-3 2010 In this work, we describe that Nef, was capable of increasing superoxide production in human neutrophils. Superoxides 62-72 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 31-34 21063103-0 2010 Opposite effect of Hsp90alpha and Hsp90beta on eNOS ability to produce nitric oxide or superoxide anion in human embryonic kidney cells. Superoxides 87-103 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 47-51 21086785-11 2010 Also, plasma glutathione peroxidase activity negatively correlated with cellular superoxide anion, while plasma superoxide dismutase activity positively correlated with intracellular glutathione. Superoxides 81-97 glutathione peroxidase 3 Homo sapiens 6-35 21525761-9 2010 In the model of acute alcohol binge, the protective effects of MnSOD, tempol, NOS inhibitors and uric acid suggested a role of the superoxide anion reacting with NO to form mtDNA-damaging peroxynitrite. Superoxides 131-147 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 63-68 20594416-4 2010 Extracellular-superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is an anti-inflammatory enzyme that protects cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS) by scavenging superoxide anion. Superoxides 144-160 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 0-34 20057381-3 2010 The SODs convert superoxide radical into hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen, whereas the catalase and peroxidases convert hydrogen peroxide into water. Superoxides 17-35 catalase Homo sapiens 93-101 20873960-7 2010 All tested compounds significantly inhibited thrombin-induced arachidonic peroxidation, O2-i production and also platelet protein oxidation/nitration induced by peroxynitrite, which is a strong oxidant formed intravascularly in vivo. Superoxides 88-90 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 45-53 20594416-4 2010 Extracellular-superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is an anti-inflammatory enzyme that protects cells from reactive oxygen species (ROS) by scavenging superoxide anion. Superoxides 144-160 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 36-42 20046060-1 2010 Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) is a mitochondrial enzyme that converts toxic O(2)(-) to H(2)O(2). Superoxides 86-93 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 0-30 20046060-1 2010 Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) is a mitochondrial enzyme that converts toxic O(2)(-) to H(2)O(2). Superoxides 86-93 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 32-38 19919046-7 2009 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was encapsulated in the hydrogels for the purpose of capturing superoxide within the inflammatory tissue after being delivered in vivo. Superoxides 90-100 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 19875441-0 2009 Oxidative half-reaction of arabidopsis thaliana sulfite oxidase: generation of superoxide by a peroxisomal enzyme. Superoxides 79-89 sulfite oxidase Arabidopsis thaliana 48-63 19875441-7 2009 The physiological implications of plant sulfite oxidase as a copious generator of superoxide are discussed. Superoxides 82-92 sulfite oxidase Arabidopsis thaliana 40-55 19919046-7 2009 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was encapsulated in the hydrogels for the purpose of capturing superoxide within the inflammatory tissue after being delivered in vivo. Superoxides 90-100 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 19919046-12 2009 It was found that SOD loading largely suppressed superoxide penetration into the hydrogel and cell membrane. Superoxides 49-59 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 18-21 19715684-5 2009 Downregulation of Cu-Zn SOD in consequence of the degradation of this enzyme, causes decreased dismutation of O(2)(-), that further contributes to the enhanced level of O(2)(-) in the periportal region. Superoxides 110-114 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 18-27 19715684-5 2009 Downregulation of Cu-Zn SOD in consequence of the degradation of this enzyme, causes decreased dismutation of O(2)(-), that further contributes to the enhanced level of O(2)(-) in the periportal region. Superoxides 169-173 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 18-27 19997580-2 2009 The purpose of these studies was to determine whether human corneal stromal (HCS) fibroblasts are capable of producing O(2) (.-) via nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, a family of protein complexes believed to be responsible for the localized and limited production of O(2) (.-) with regulatory activity. Superoxides 119-123 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 77-80 19997580-2 2009 The purpose of these studies was to determine whether human corneal stromal (HCS) fibroblasts are capable of producing O(2) (.-) via nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, a family of protein complexes believed to be responsible for the localized and limited production of O(2) (.-) with regulatory activity. Superoxides 296-300 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 77-80 19997580-6 2009 The production of O(2) (.-) by whole cells and cell-free preparations was assessed by measurement of NADPH-dependent superoxide dismutase-inhibitable cytochrome c reduction. Superoxides 18-22 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 150-162 19997580-13 2009 CONCLUSIONS: HCS fibroblasts produced O(2) (.-) in a NADPH-dependent manner via at least three isoforms of NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 38-42 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 13-16 20553079-1 2009 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an antioxidant enzyme that acts to degrade superoxide, a major causitive factor for oxidative stress associated with cancer, cardiovascular disease, and various other ailments. Superoxides 73-83 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 20553079-1 2009 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an antioxidant enzyme that acts to degrade superoxide, a major causitive factor for oxidative stress associated with cancer, cardiovascular disease, and various other ailments. Superoxides 73-83 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 19809869-6 2009 Aortic superoxide production capacity was measured in response to provocation by angiotensin II and NAD(P)H. Superoxides 7-17 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 81-95 19628743-8 2009 Administration of plasmids encoding SOD2 or CAT significantly reduced levels of superoxide ion, hydrogen peroxide, and 4-HNE. Superoxides 80-90 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 36-40 19877015-0 2009 BCR-induced superoxide negatively regulates B-cell proliferation and T-cell-independent type 2 Ab responses. Superoxides 12-22 BCR activator of RhoGEF and GTPase Mus musculus 0-3 19877015-2 2009 B lymphocytes produce superoxide after BCR ligation. Superoxides 22-32 BCR activator of RhoGEF and GTPase Mus musculus 39-42 19628743-8 2009 Administration of plasmids encoding SOD2 or CAT significantly reduced levels of superoxide ion, hydrogen peroxide, and 4-HNE. Superoxides 80-90 catalase Mus musculus 44-47 19770838-5 2009 HAART 3-plex significantly reduced the intracellular cholesterol transport molecule caveolin-1, whereas it increased superoxide anion production in THP-1 foam cells as compared with controls. Superoxides 117-133 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 148-153 19330844-6 2009 Furthermore, we found ERK inhibition, but not protein kinase A (PKA) inhibition, significantly abolished salmeterol-induced superoxide production, p47(phox) translocation, and its ability to mediate neurotoxicity. Superoxides 124-134 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 22-25 19330844-3 2009 Salmeterol selectively increased the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NADPH oxidase (PHOX), the major superoxide-producing enzyme in microglia. Superoxides 116-126 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Rattus norvegicus 99-103 19635794-1 2009 At least 119 mutations in the gene encoding copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by an unidentified toxic gain of function. Superoxides 56-66 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 78-82 19759334-9 2009 We conclude that decreased levels of cellular bilirubin increase ANG II-mediated superoxide production and sodium transport; however, increases in bilirubin are not necessary for HO-1 induction to attenuate ANG II-mediated superoxide production. Superoxides 81-91 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 65-71 19733148-2 2009 CBS was inactivated by peroxynitrite, the product of nitric oxide and superoxide radicals. Superoxides 70-80 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 0-3 19759334-0 2009 Inhibition of biliverdin reductase increases ANG II-dependent superoxide levels in cultured renal tubular epithelial cells. Superoxides 62-72 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 45-51 19759334-1 2009 Induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the renal medulla increases carbon monoxide and bilirubin production and decreases ANG II-mediated superoxide production. Superoxides 139-149 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 13-29 19759334-1 2009 Induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the renal medulla increases carbon monoxide and bilirubin production and decreases ANG II-mediated superoxide production. Superoxides 139-149 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 31-35 19759334-1 2009 Induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the renal medulla increases carbon monoxide and bilirubin production and decreases ANG II-mediated superoxide production. Superoxides 139-149 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 123-129 19759334-6 2009 Superoxide production induced by ANG II (10(-9) M) significantly increased in both TALH and IMCD-3 cells. Superoxides 0-10 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 33-39 19802000-1 2009 In this study, two commercially available superoxide scavengers, tetrakis (1-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin (Mn[III]TMPyP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as red palm oil (RPO), a natural vegetable oil, had been used to investigate their possible in vitro effects against the toxic effects of superoxide (O(2).) Superoxides 42-52 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 146-149 19802000-1 2009 In this study, two commercially available superoxide scavengers, tetrakis (1-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin (Mn[III]TMPyP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as red palm oil (RPO), a natural vegetable oil, had been used to investigate their possible in vitro effects against the toxic effects of superoxide (O(2).) Superoxides 124-134 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 146-149 19802000-1 2009 In this study, two commercially available superoxide scavengers, tetrakis (1-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin (Mn[III]TMPyP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as red palm oil (RPO), a natural vegetable oil, had been used to investigate their possible in vitro effects against the toxic effects of superoxide (O(2).) Superoxides 310-314 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 146-149 19301149-7 2009 Inhibition of the Na+-H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) also inhibited leptin-induced superoxide anion production but at the same time amplified leptin-induced production of other oxidative species. Superoxides 82-98 solute carrier family 9 member A1 Homo sapiens 18-44 19409565-8 2009 These observations, together with the functions of catalase and Cu/Zn-SOD to scavenge hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions, implicate a causal role of ROS in the pathogenesis of BaP-induced atherosclerosis. Superoxides 108-125 catalase Mus musculus 51-59 19409565-8 2009 These observations, together with the functions of catalase and Cu/Zn-SOD to scavenge hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions, implicate a causal role of ROS in the pathogenesis of BaP-induced atherosclerosis. Superoxides 108-125 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 64-73 19671069-12 2009 Chlorhexidine (0, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 micromol/L) dose-dependently prevented HOCl-induced inactivation of alpha1-AT and reduced HOCl recovery from phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-treated human neutrophils, but did not inhibit superoxide anion and MPO release. Superoxides 223-239 serpin family A member 1 Homo sapiens 103-112 19672955-2 2009 Twenty percent of familial ALS cases are associated with mutations in Cu(2+)/Zn(2+) superoxide dismutase (SOD1). Superoxides 84-94 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 106-110 19301149-7 2009 Inhibition of the Na+-H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) also inhibited leptin-induced superoxide anion production but at the same time amplified leptin-induced production of other oxidative species. Superoxides 82-98 solute carrier family 9 member A1 Homo sapiens 46-50 19576886-0 2009 Involvement of NADPH oxidase and protein kinase C in endothelin-1-induced superoxide production in retinal microvessels. Superoxides 74-84 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 53-65 19576886-8 2009 The intracellular superoxide levels were significantly increased after addition of ET-1 (100 nM), and this elevation was suppressed by apocynin or myr-PKC. Superoxides 18-28 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 83-87 19576886-2 2009 We examined whether endothelin-1 (ET-1) increases the formation of superoxide anions in retinal microvessels. Superoxides 67-84 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 20-32 19576886-10 2009 The ET-1-induced increase of superoxide was significantly suppressed by BQ-123 (1.0 microM), while effects of adding BQ-788 (1.0 microM) were insignificant. Superoxides 29-39 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 4-8 19576886-2 2009 We examined whether endothelin-1 (ET-1) increases the formation of superoxide anions in retinal microvessels. Superoxides 67-84 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 34-38 19576886-13 2009 These results suggest that ET-1 increases the formation of superoxides in the retinal microvascular pericytes most likely by activating NADPH oxidase through ET(A) receptors. Superoxides 59-70 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 27-31 19788422-6 2009 We show that the engineered SOD-Hb fusion protein retains the oxygen-binding capacity and, moreover, decreases cytotoxic ferrylHb (HbFe(4+)) formation when challenged with superoxide radicals. Superoxides 172-182 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 28-31 19576886-15 2009 Thus, ET-1 may augment its vasoconstrictive effects through the formation of superoxide, which may impair the bioavailability of nitric oxide in the retinal microvasculature. Superoxides 77-87 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 6-10 19731237-2 2009 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) converts superoxide anion into hydrogen peroxide, which, unless detoxified by glutathione peroxidase or catalase (CAT), can form the hydroxyl radical with iron. Superoxides 48-64 catalase Homo sapiens 153-156 19666846-8 2009 HO-1-induced BPA rings treated with the copper chelator 10 mM diethyldithiocarbamate to inactivate ecSOD and Cu,Zn-SOD showed increased superoxide and decreased peroxide to levels equal to non-HO-1-induced rings, whereas the addition of SOD to freshly isolated BPA rings attenuated HPV similar to HO-1 induction with CoCl(2). Superoxides 136-146 superoxide dismutase 3 Bos taurus 99-104 19805637-4 2009 Recently we established that NADPH oxidase (Nox)-derived superoxide acting in the forebrain subfornical organ is critical in the physiological responses to central Ang-II. Superoxides 57-67 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 164-170 19562688-5 2009 In vitro, PPAR-gamma agonist 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-prostagladlin J(2) (15d-PGJ2) decreased cell-scraping-induced superoxide generation through suppression of NADPH oxidase activity via down-regulation of p22(phox) and gp91(phox). Superoxides 113-123 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Homo sapiens 10-20 19562688-7 2009 These data demonstrate that upregulation of PPAR-gamma and NADPH oxidases are involved in restenosis and activation of PPAR-gamma can inhibit the NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide generation in SMCs after injury. Superoxides 170-180 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Homo sapiens 44-54 19562688-7 2009 These data demonstrate that upregulation of PPAR-gamma and NADPH oxidases are involved in restenosis and activation of PPAR-gamma can inhibit the NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide generation in SMCs after injury. Superoxides 170-180 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Homo sapiens 119-129 20099714-5 2009 Cells were treated with Ang II, 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), which liberates NO and superoxide anion generating peroxynitrite, or the lipopetide Toll-like receptor-2 (TLR-2) agonist Pam3CSK4. Superoxides 88-104 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 57-62 19878539-3 2009 EPCs tolerate oxidative stress by upregulating superoxide dismutase (SOD), the enzyme that neutralizes superoxide anion (O2-). Superoxides 103-119 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 47-67 19878539-3 2009 EPCs tolerate oxidative stress by upregulating superoxide dismutase (SOD), the enzyme that neutralizes superoxide anion (O2-). Superoxides 103-119 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 69-72 19878539-3 2009 EPCs tolerate oxidative stress by upregulating superoxide dismutase (SOD), the enzyme that neutralizes superoxide anion (O2-). Superoxides 121-123 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 47-67 19878539-3 2009 EPCs tolerate oxidative stress by upregulating superoxide dismutase (SOD), the enzyme that neutralizes superoxide anion (O2-). Superoxides 121-123 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 69-72 19846917-9 2009 In addition, the JNK and p38 inhibitors significantly increased the ROS levels including O(2)(-) in the ATO-treated Calu-6 cells. Superoxides 89-93 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 17-20 19685188-3 2009 SOD1 over-expression partially protected against cytotoxicity (P < 0.001) and decreased superoxide (O(2) (*-)) in ATP depleted cells. Superoxides 91-101 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 19846917-9 2009 In addition, the JNK and p38 inhibitors significantly increased the ROS levels including O(2)(-) in the ATO-treated Calu-6 cells. Superoxides 89-93 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 25-28 19685188-3 2009 SOD1 over-expression partially protected against cytotoxicity (P < 0.001) and decreased superoxide (O(2) (*-)) in ATP depleted cells. Superoxides 103-107 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 19738419-1 2009 Manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) is a nuclear encoded and mitochondria localized antioxidant enzyme that converts mitochondria derived superoxide to hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 32-36 19356759-7 2009 Tempol (a SOD mimetic) enhanced ACh-induced relaxation (P<0.05) and reduced ACh-induced superoxide generation (P<0.01) only in male-old aortas. Superoxides 91-101 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 10-13 19740380-9 2009 Superoxide release from neutrophils was measured by the reduction of ferricytochrome C, degranulation by the conversion of a synthetic colour substrate, cytokine release by interleukin-8 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and adhesion by a flow-based adhesion assay. Superoxides 0-10 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 173-186 20046122-5 2009 A portion of the superoxide generated at complex III is also released into the mitochondrial intermembrane space, which contains a recently identified copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,ZnSOD). Superoxides 17-27 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 186-194 19458341-12 2009 The authors suggest that elevated O(2)(-) levels due to genetic abnormalities of SOD2 or immunologic activation of mononuclear phagocytes lead to greater levels of RPE apoptosis. Superoxides 34-38 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 81-85 20083859-3 2009 NADPH oxidases (Nox) are the predominant producers of superoxide in the vasculature, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) are the major enzymes responsible for the inactivation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, respectively. Superoxides 93-103 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 115-118 19684141-2 2009 In numerous bacterial pathogens, CuZn-containing superoxide dismutases (SodC) are important virulence factors, localizing to the periplasm to offer protection from host-derived superoxide radicals (O(2)(-)). Superoxides 177-196 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 72-76 19684141-2 2009 In numerous bacterial pathogens, CuZn-containing superoxide dismutases (SodC) are important virulence factors, localizing to the periplasm to offer protection from host-derived superoxide radicals (O(2)(-)). Superoxides 198-202 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 72-76 19684141-6 2009 Transcomplementing the sodC gene in the DeltasodC mutant or inhibiting the IFN-gamma-dependent production of O(2)(-) or nitric oxide (NO) enhanced intramacrophage survival of the sod mutants. Superoxides 109-116 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 23-27 19684141-6 2009 Transcomplementing the sodC gene in the DeltasodC mutant or inhibiting the IFN-gamma-dependent production of O(2)(-) or nitric oxide (NO) enhanced intramacrophage survival of the sod mutants. Superoxides 109-116 interferon gamma Mus musculus 75-84 19268941-8 2009 CRP treatment also resulted in increased dihydroethidium staining for superoxide in aortic endothelium and membrane translocation of p47phox, a regulatory subunit of NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 70-80 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 0-3 19540523-12 2009 Furthermore, HIV Nef significantly increased superoxide anion production in porcine pulmonary arteries and HPAECs compared with controls (P < 0.05). Superoxides 45-61 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 17-20 19559788-0 2009 Superoxide radical protects liposome-contained cytochrome c against oxidative damage promoted by peroxynitrite and free radicals. Superoxides 0-18 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 47-59 19542021-0 2009 Activation of NF-kappaB by palmitate in endothelial cells: a key role for NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide in response to TLR4 activation. Superoxides 96-106 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 122-126 19542021-1 2009 OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether NADPH oxidase-dependent production of superoxide contributes to activation of NF-kappaB in endothelial cells by the saturated free fatty acid palmitate. Superoxides 73-83 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 113-122 19542021-7 2009 CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production links palmitate-stimulated TLR4 activation to NF-kappaB signaling in endothelial cells. Superoxides 64-74 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 113-117 19542021-4 2009 Reduction in superoxide levels by each of 3 different interventions-pretreatment with superoxide dismutase (SOD), diphenylene iodinium (DPI), or knockdown of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) by siRNA-attenuated palmitate-mediated NF-kappaB signaling. Superoxides 13-23 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 220-229 19542021-7 2009 CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production links palmitate-stimulated TLR4 activation to NF-kappaB signaling in endothelial cells. Superoxides 64-74 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 132-141 19443423-4 2009 Superoxide anion production was significantly increased due to the inhibition of mitochondrial membrane potential and catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities as well as activation of NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 0-16 catalase Homo sapiens 118-126 19620507-5 2009 In contrast, relaxation to acetylcholine in arteries from IL-10(-/-) mice was reduced by >50% by Ang II (P<0.05) and this effect was prevented by a scavenger of superoxide. Superoxides 167-177 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 58-63 19492401-3 2009 If superoxide is important in mediating embryotoxicity, increased SOD expression should protect embryos against insult. Superoxides 3-13 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 66-69 19492401-12 2009 CONCLUSION: Maternal hSOD1 expression protected fetuses against malformations induced by hydroxyurea, providing evidence that superoxide plays a role in mediating the response of organogenesis stage embryos to this teratogen. Superoxides 126-136 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 21-26 19620507-5 2009 In contrast, relaxation to acetylcholine in arteries from IL-10(-/-) mice was reduced by >50% by Ang II (P<0.05) and this effect was prevented by a scavenger of superoxide. Superoxides 167-177 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 100-106 19620507-6 2009 Vascular superoxide increased approximately 2-fold (P<0.05) after treatment with Ang II in IL-10(-/-) mice but not in wild-type. Superoxides 9-19 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 84-90 19620507-6 2009 Vascular superoxide increased approximately 2-fold (P<0.05) after treatment with Ang II in IL-10(-/-) mice but not in wild-type. Superoxides 9-19 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 94-99 19620507-7 2009 After systemic administration of Ang II (1.4 mg/kg per day for 10 days), Ang II produced modest impairment of endothelial function in wild-type mice but marked impairment in IL-10(-/-) mice (P<0.05) that was reversed by a superoxide scavenger. Superoxides 225-235 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 73-79 19406829-2 2009 Herein, we report that eosinophilia in MES rats is caused by a loss-of-function mutation in the gene for cytochrome b(-245), alpha polypeptide (Cyba; also known as p22(phox)), which is an essential component of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex. Superoxides 215-225 Fc epsilon receptor Ia Rattus norvegicus 125-142 19482077-1 2009 Copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) plays a protective role in cells by catalyzing the conversion of the superoxide anion into molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 109-125 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 34-38 19406829-2 2009 Herein, we report that eosinophilia in MES rats is caused by a loss-of-function mutation in the gene for cytochrome b(-245), alpha polypeptide (Cyba; also known as p22(phox)), which is an essential component of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex. Superoxides 215-225 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Rattus norvegicus 144-148 19560534-4 2009 Lowered levels of ROS were detected in culture medium coamended with the extract and with either catalase or superoxide dismutase, indicating the generation of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion, respectively. Superoxides 182-198 catalase Homo sapiens 97-105 19523965-5 2009 Repetitive adult exposure to the NMDA-R antagonist ketamine increases the levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 in brain which, through activation of the superoxide-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase (Nox2), leads to the loss of the GABAergic phenotype of PV-interneurons and to decreased inhibitory activity in prefrontal cortex. Superoxides 169-179 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 113-126 19182107-10 2009 Aortic expression of NADPH oxidase subunits (p47(phox) and rac1) and iNOS were markedly increased, paralleled by increases in superoxide generation and extensive protein nitration in the aorta. Superoxides 126-136 NSFL1 (p97) cofactor (p47) Mus musculus 45-48 19559686-2 2009 Mice genetically targeted for the superoxide-forming vascular NADPH oxidase subunit, NOX1, have a blunted hypertensive response to Ang II. Superoxides 34-44 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 131-137 19559686-3 2009 We therefore hypothesised that NOX1 is mechanistically involved in Ang II-induced superoxide production by cerebral arteries, and potentially in stroke outcome. Superoxides 82-92 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 67-73 19559686-13 2009 Thus, NOX1 is essential for superoxide production in large cerebral arteries in response to Ang II but not under basal conditions. Superoxides 28-38 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 92-98 19625648-1 2009 Rac1 and Rac2, members of the small Rho GTPase family, play essential roles in coordinating directional migration and superoxide production during neutrophil responses to chemoattractants. Superoxides 118-128 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 9-13 19687253-0 2009 Oncogene homologue Sch9 promotes age-dependent mutations by a superoxide and Rev1/Polzeta-dependent mechanism. Superoxides 62-72 serine/threonine protein kinase SCH9 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 19-23 19687253-5 2009 These results suggest that the proto-oncogene homologue Sch9 promotes the accumulation of superoxide-dependent DNA damage in nondividing cells, which induces error-prone DNA repair that generates point mutations to avoid GCRs and cell death during the first round of replication. Superoxides 90-100 serine/threonine protein kinase SCH9 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 56-60 19501049-4 2009 miR398 regulates copper homeostasis via down-regulating the expression of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (CSD), a scavenger of superoxide radicals. Superoxides 80-90 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 102-105 19497305-9 2009 In summary, the data show that down-regulation of Rac1-GTPase contributes to the inhibition of angiotensin II-mediated superoxide release by 17beta-estradiol in monocytes. Superoxides 119-129 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 95-109 19666610-0 2009 Overexpression of SOD-2 reduces hippocampal superoxide and prevents memory deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer"s disease. Superoxides 44-54 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 18-23 19502554-12 2009 This indicates that the early changes in superoxide lead to VEGF increases and thereby NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production, which is required for HIF-1alpha upregulation. Superoxides 41-51 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 60-64 19502554-12 2009 This indicates that the early changes in superoxide lead to VEGF increases and thereby NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production, which is required for HIF-1alpha upregulation. Superoxides 41-51 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 156-166 19502554-12 2009 This indicates that the early changes in superoxide lead to VEGF increases and thereby NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production, which is required for HIF-1alpha upregulation. Superoxides 111-121 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 60-64 19502554-12 2009 This indicates that the early changes in superoxide lead to VEGF increases and thereby NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production, which is required for HIF-1alpha upregulation. Superoxides 111-121 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 156-166 19587989-0 2009 Reaction of hydrogen peroxide with coordinated superoxide in [(NH3)5CoIII(micro-O2)CoIII(NH3)5]5+: a mechanistic study. Superoxides 47-57 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III Homo sapiens 68-73 19445920-0 2009 Inhibition of superoxide anion generation by CHS-111 via blockade of the p21-activated kinase, protein kinase B/Akt and protein kinase C signaling pathways in rat neutrophils. Superoxides 14-30 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 112-115 19674192-4 2009 We report the first evidence that TGF-beta(1) induces Nrf2 mediated HO-1 expression and antioxidant response element activity, which was paralleled by enhanced superoxide production and expression of the NAD(P)H oxidase subunit p22(phox). Superoxides 160-170 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 54-58 19674192-6 2009 Inhibition of NAD(P)H oxidase or scavenging of superoxide diminished HO-1 induction in response to TGF-beta(1). Superoxides 47-57 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 69-73 19410579-11 2009 Collectively, our results suggest that CRP stimulates superoxide production and the subsequent formation of peroxynitrite from basal released NO compromises PGI(2) synthesis, and thus endothelium-dependent PGI(2)-mediated dilation, by inhibiting PGI(2)-S activity through tyrosine nitration. Superoxides 54-64 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 39-42 19649279-6 2009 Similarly, contractile and calcium responses to 5-HT were decreased by superoxide dismutase and catalase which, catabolise superoxide anion and H(2)O(2), respectively. Superoxides 123-139 catalase Homo sapiens 96-104 19587989-1 2009 In aqueous acetate buffer media, hydrogen peroxide reduces the bridging superoxide in [(NH3)5CoIII(micro-O2)CoIII(NH3)5]5+ (1) to the corresponding peroxide in the complex, [(NH3)5CoIII(micro-O2H)CoIII(NH2)(NH3)4]4+ (2), itself being oxidized to HO2*. Superoxides 72-82 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III Homo sapiens 93-98 19587989-1 2009 In aqueous acetate buffer media, hydrogen peroxide reduces the bridging superoxide in [(NH3)5CoIII(micro-O2)CoIII(NH3)5]5+ (1) to the corresponding peroxide in the complex, [(NH3)5CoIII(micro-O2H)CoIII(NH2)(NH3)4]4+ (2), itself being oxidized to HO2*. Superoxides 72-82 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III Homo sapiens 108-113 19508391-4 2009 KEY RESULTS: LPS + IFNgamma caused an increase in monolayer permeability, induction of iNOS and NADPH oxidase type 1 (Nox1) proteins, formation of superoxide, nitric oxide and 3-nitrotyrosine, and increase in PP2A activity in endothelial cells. Superoxides 147-157 interferon gamma Mus musculus 19-27 19411313-8 2009 Since we found that p47(phox) is expressed in a subset of alveolar epithelial cells, its deletion may protect postnatal type II alveolar epithelial proliferation from hyperoxia through effects on epithelial as well as phagocyte-generated superoxide. Superoxides 238-248 NSFL1 (p97) cofactor (p47) Mus musculus 20-23 19593099-4 2009 SP acts primarily through neurokinin-1 receptors of inflammatory and endothelial cells, and may induce production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (superoxide anion, NO*, peroxynitrite, hydroxyl radical), leading to enhanced consumption of tissue antioxidants; stimulate release of inflammatory mediators; promote tissue adhesion molecule expression; and enhance inflammatory cell tissue infiltration and cardiovascular lesion formation. Superoxides 155-171 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 0-2 19361482-4 2009 Recent evidence suggests that the stretch-induced release of angiotensin II (Ang II) and endothelin 1 (ET-1) stimulates myocardial superoxide production from NADPH oxidases which, in turn, contributes to the Anrep effect. Superoxides 131-141 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 61-75 19361482-4 2009 Recent evidence suggests that the stretch-induced release of angiotensin II (Ang II) and endothelin 1 (ET-1) stimulates myocardial superoxide production from NADPH oxidases which, in turn, contributes to the Anrep effect. Superoxides 131-141 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 77-83 19361482-4 2009 Recent evidence suggests that the stretch-induced release of angiotensin II (Ang II) and endothelin 1 (ET-1) stimulates myocardial superoxide production from NADPH oxidases which, in turn, contributes to the Anrep effect. Superoxides 131-141 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 89-101 19361482-4 2009 Recent evidence suggests that the stretch-induced release of angiotensin II (Ang II) and endothelin 1 (ET-1) stimulates myocardial superoxide production from NADPH oxidases which, in turn, contributes to the Anrep effect. Superoxides 131-141 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 103-107 19361482-5 2009 nNOS has also been shown to regulate the production of myocardial superoxide, suggesting that this isoform may influence the cardiac response to stretch or ET-1 by altering the NO-redox balance in the myocardium. Superoxides 66-76 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 156-160 19407826-6 2009 Starvation-induced autophagy was also inhibited by the addition of catalase, which reduced both O(2)(*-) and H(2)O(2) levels. Superoxides 96-100 catalase Homo sapiens 67-75 19457567-11 2009 PI3K-dependent phosphorylation of Akt depended on NADPH oxidase activity and superoxide production. Superoxides 77-87 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 34-37 19283527-0 2009 Curcumin sensitizes lung cancer cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis through superoxide anion-mediated Bcl-2 degradation. Superoxides 77-93 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 103-108 19828096-4 2009 Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) represents one of the three isoforms that produce nitric oxide using L-arginine as a substrate in response to an increase in superoxide anion activated by NF-kappaB. Superoxides 164-180 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 0-31 19828096-4 2009 Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) represents one of the three isoforms that produce nitric oxide using L-arginine as a substrate in response to an increase in superoxide anion activated by NF-kappaB. Superoxides 164-180 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 33-37 19357530-10 2009 NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production was augmented (P < 0.05) in insulin-resistant patients with respect to insulin-sensitive patients. Superoxides 24-34 insulin Homo sapiens 77-84 19357530-10 2009 NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production was augmented (P < 0.05) in insulin-resistant patients with respect to insulin-sensitive patients. Superoxides 24-34 insulin Homo sapiens 120-127 19357530-11 2009 The interaction between insulin resistance and abnormally high NADPH oxidase-mediated superoxide production was associated with the highest matrix metalloproteinase-9 values. Superoxides 86-96 insulin Homo sapiens 24-31 19357530-12 2009 Increased NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production was significantly associated with higher NADPH oxidase p22phox expression in insulin-resistant than in insulin-sensitive patients. Superoxides 34-44 insulin Homo sapiens 133-140 19357530-12 2009 Increased NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production was significantly associated with higher NADPH oxidase p22phox expression in insulin-resistant than in insulin-sensitive patients. Superoxides 34-44 insulin Homo sapiens 159-166 19295184-0 2009 Suppression of superoxide anion and elastase release by C18 unsaturated fatty acids in human neutrophils. Superoxides 15-31 Bardet-Biedl syndrome 9 Homo sapiens 56-59 19488447-4 2009 Mixed-ligand bipyridyl Cu(II) complexes demonstrated the highest superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity in a chemical superoxide anion-generating system, with IC(50) values in the low micromolar range. Superoxides 120-136 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 65-85 19409913-12 2009 SIGNIFICANCE: Proteasome inhibition prevents TNFalpha-induced vascular dysfunction by reduction of superoxide production and suppression of endothelin levels. Superoxides 99-109 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 45-53 19488447-4 2009 Mixed-ligand bipyridyl Cu(II) complexes demonstrated the highest superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity in a chemical superoxide anion-generating system, with IC(50) values in the low micromolar range. Superoxides 120-136 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 87-90 19363130-9 2009 MG-132 or the neutralization of TNF-alpha reduced superoxide production in Lepr(db) mice. Superoxides 50-60 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 32-41 19627269-1 2009 Mice lacking superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2 or MnSOD) die during embryonic or early neonatal development, with diffuse superoxide-induced mitochondrial damage. Superoxides 13-23 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 37-41 19627269-1 2009 Mice lacking superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2 or MnSOD) die during embryonic or early neonatal development, with diffuse superoxide-induced mitochondrial damage. Superoxides 13-23 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 45-50 19627269-7 2009 These data suggest that specific sites in the PI3K-Akt pathway are more sensitive to increased superoxide levels than to the increased hydrogen peroxide levels generated in Sod2-transgenic myoblasts. Superoxides 95-105 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 51-54 19113817-3 2009 Cellular stimulation by TNF-alpha induced NADPH-dependent superoxide production in the endosomal compartment, and this ROS was required for IKK-mediated activation of NF-kappaB. Superoxides 58-68 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 24-33 19113817-3 2009 Cellular stimulation by TNF-alpha induced NADPH-dependent superoxide production in the endosomal compartment, and this ROS was required for IKK-mediated activation of NF-kappaB. Superoxides 58-68 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 167-176 19113817-4 2009 Inhibiting endocytosis reduced the ability of TNF-alpha to induce both NADPH-dependent endosomal superoxide and NF-kappaB, supporting the notion that redox-dependent signaling of the receptor occurs in the endosome. Superoxides 97-107 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 46-55 19113817-6 2009 Studies using both Nox2 siRNA and Nox2-knockout primary fibroblasts indicated that Nox2 was critical for TNF-alpha-mediated induction of endosomal superoxide. Superoxides 147-157 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 105-114 18982356-0 2009 Disposable superoxide anion biosensor based on superoxide dismutase entrapped in silica sol-gel matrix at gold nanoparticles modified ITO electrode. Superoxides 11-27 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 47-67 19465644-3 2009 Lesional iNOS can potentially produce nitric oxide radicals (NO), superoxide radicals (O2(-)), or both; these radicals may then react to form peroxynitrite. Superoxides 66-85 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 9-13 18982356-1 2009 A novel disposable biosensor based on direct electron transfer of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was fabricated for the determination of superoxide anion. Superoxides 133-149 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 66-86 19465644-3 2009 Lesional iNOS can potentially produce nitric oxide radicals (NO), superoxide radicals (O2(-)), or both; these radicals may then react to form peroxynitrite. Superoxides 87-89 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 9-13 18982356-1 2009 A novel disposable biosensor based on direct electron transfer of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was fabricated for the determination of superoxide anion. Superoxides 133-149 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 88-91 19465644-8 2009 We show that iNOS significantly contributes to vascular NO production and itself produces O2(-), leading to peroxynitrite formation in atherosclerotic lesions. Superoxides 90-93 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 13-17 18982356-4 2009 The immobilized SOD exhibited high catalytical activity towards superoxide anion. Superoxides 64-80 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 16-19 19196803-7 2009 Ang II stimulation also prominently increased superoxide production, lipid peroxidation, and gene expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase components in ARKO mice compared with WT mice. Superoxides 46-56 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 0-6 19245441-5 2009 The formation of superoxide and expression of p47(phox) and PDE5 was reduced by ACS6, sildenafil citrate and NaHS (order of potency: ACS6 > sildenafil citrate > NaHS). Superoxides 17-27 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Rattus norvegicus 50-54 19324844-1 2009 PURPOSE: Oxidative stress is thought to contribute to diabetes-induced cataract, and the authors have previously demonstrated that lenses from mice lacking the antioxidant enzyme copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) show elevated levels of superoxide radicals and are more prone in vitro to develop glucose-induced cataract than are wild-type lenses. Superoxides 191-201 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 213-217 19144554-6 2009 GH has several biological actions in the immune system: enhancing thymopoiesis and T cell development, modulating cytokine production, enhancing B cell development and antibody production, priming neutrophils and monocytes for superoxide anion secretion, enhancing neutrophil adhesion and monocyte migration and anti-apoptotic action. Superoxides 227-243 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-2 19234337-12 2009 Studies using human ECs demonstrated that TNF-alpha-induced CCL2 production was also inhibited by the NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor DPI, the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine, or the superoxide scavenger Tiron, further indicating that inhibition occurs through the NAD(P)H/ROS pathway. Superoxides 177-187 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 42-51 19324844-8 2009 CONCLUSIONS: The increased cataract formation and the compromised antioxidant capacity found in the diabetic SOD1-null lenses thus emphasize the involvement of superoxide radicals in diabetes-induced cataract. Superoxides 160-170 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 109-113 19470681-2 2009 In the present study, we investigated the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), a major defender against superoxide, in the kidneys during the development of murine DN. Superoxides 49-59 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 71-74 19509624-8 2009 RESULTS: PMN priming after exposure to either shock or postshock resuscitation lymph was noted by increased expression of CD11b, superoxide generation, and elastase release after exposure to fMLP. Superoxides 129-139 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 191-195 19332555-0 2009 Execution of superoxide-induced cell death by the proapoptotic Bcl-2-related proteins Bid and Bak. Superoxides 13-23 BH3 interacting domain death agonist Homo sapiens 86-89 19886398-2 2009 Superoxide anion radical, one example of ROS, forms as a result of normal cellular respiration and is usually cleared successfully by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and other radical scavengers. Superoxides 0-24 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 134-154 19886398-2 2009 Superoxide anion radical, one example of ROS, forms as a result of normal cellular respiration and is usually cleared successfully by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and other radical scavengers. Superoxides 0-24 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 156-159 19886398-3 2009 However, when superoxide exceeds the clearance capacity of SOD and other ROS scavengers, superoxide initiates a number of pathologic processes. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 59-62 19886398-3 2009 However, when superoxide exceeds the clearance capacity of SOD and other ROS scavengers, superoxide initiates a number of pathologic processes. Superoxides 89-99 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 59-62 19332555-6 2009 Together, these studies identify an O(2)(*-)-driven, caspase-initiated apoptotic pathway that selectively involves the Bcl-2 family proteins Bid and Bak. Superoxides 36-42 BH3 interacting domain death agonist Homo sapiens 141-144 19332555-7 2009 This pathway manifests itself during chronic ethanol consumption in aged animals and identifies caspase-2, Bid, and Bak as essential mediators of O(2)(*-)-induced apoptosis that may prove effective targets for the development of therapeutics to treat alcoholic liver disease. Superoxides 146-154 BH3 interacting domain death agonist Homo sapiens 107-110 19288401-6 2009 Six tricyclic diterpenoids used in this experiment suppressed the superoxide generation induced by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) and arachidonic acid (AA) in a concentration-dependent manner. Superoxides 66-76 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 140-144 19288401-8 2009 The compounds also suppressed fMLP- and AA-induced tyrosyl or PMA-induced serine/threonine phosphorylation, and translocation of cytosolic compounds, p47 (phox), p67 (phox) and Rac to the cell membrane in parallel with the suppression of the stimulus-induced superoxide generation. Superoxides 259-269 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 30-34 19558814-0 2009 [Effects of clearance of superoxide anion by catechin on the expression of NO and eNOS and apoptosis in endothelial progenitor cells induced by angiotensin II]. Superoxides 25-41 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 144-158 19492112-1 2009 The Arabidopsis radical-induced cell death1 (rcd1) mutant is sensitive to ozone fumigation and apoplastic superoxide, but tolerant to methyl viologen. Superoxides 106-116 WWE protein-protein interaction domain protein family Arabidopsis thaliana 45-49 19558814-13 2009 CONCLUSIONS: Ang II may induce the generation of O2*-, inactivate NO and increase gene and protein expression of eNOS in EPCs. Superoxides 49-51 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 13-19 19558814-1 2009 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of clearance of superoxide anion by catechin on the expression of nitrogen monoxidum (NO) and endothelial nitricoxide synthase (eNOS) and apoptosis in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) induced by angiotensin II (Ang II). Superoxides 50-66 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 232-246 19558814-1 2009 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of clearance of superoxide anion by catechin on the expression of nitrogen monoxidum (NO) and endothelial nitricoxide synthase (eNOS) and apoptosis in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) induced by angiotensin II (Ang II). Superoxides 50-66 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 248-254 19558814-7 2009 The O2*- concentration in the Ang II and the Ang II+catechin treatment groups (81.7+/- 3.6 and 62.3+/- 2.2 U/L respectively) was significantly higher than that in the control group (33.7+/- 2.8 U/L) (P<0.01). Superoxides 4-6 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 30-36 19558814-7 2009 The O2*- concentration in the Ang II and the Ang II+catechin treatment groups (81.7+/- 3.6 and 62.3+/- 2.2 U/L respectively) was significantly higher than that in the control group (33.7+/- 2.8 U/L) (P<0.01). Superoxides 4-6 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 45-51 19558814-10 2009 There were significant differences in the concentrations of O2*- and NO between the Ang II and the Ang II+catechin treatment groups (P<0.05). Superoxides 60-62 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 84-90 19558814-10 2009 There were significant differences in the concentrations of O2*- and NO between the Ang II and the Ang II+catechin treatment groups (P<0.05). Superoxides 60-62 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 99-105 19286663-2 2009 The main function of SOD1 is believed to be the scavenging and detoxification of superoxide radicals. Superoxides 81-91 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 21-25 19414794-4 2009 We observed impaired O(2)( ) generation by LPS-treated and fMLP-activated IRAK4-deficient PMN that correlated with decreased phosphorylation of p47(phox) and subnormal translocation of p47(phox), p67(phox), Rac2, and gp91(phox)/Nox2 to the membranes indicating that TLR4 signaling to the NOX activation pathway requires IRAK4. Superoxides 21-25 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 59-63 19474327-2 2009 Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD; SOD2), a primary mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme, scavenges superoxide radicals and its overexpression provides neuroprotection. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 32-38 19474327-2 2009 Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD; SOD2), a primary mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme, scavenges superoxide radicals and its overexpression provides neuroprotection. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 40-44 19474327-9 2009 Moreover, we found that STAT3 deactivated by reperfusion induces accumulation of O(2)(*-) in mitochondria. Superoxides 81-85 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Mus musculus 24-29 19233261-10 2009 Intervention studies with known reactive oxygen species (ROS) modifiers suggested that H(2)O(2), singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radical, and superoxide may also be involved in this PCB-mediated oxidative DNA damage. Superoxides 135-145 pyruvate carboxylase Homo sapiens 175-178 19268487-4 2009 In this study, superoxide generated from xanthine and xanthine oxidase activated lung fibroblasts by increasing the release of TGF-beta1 and collagen. Superoxides 15-25 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 127-136 19268487-8 2009 Apparently, superoxide rather than hydrogen peroxide is involved in the regulation of TGF-beta1 and collagen release in lung fibroblasts. Superoxides 12-22 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 86-95 19268487-11 2009 ERK1/2 and p38 MAPKs are involved in the intracellular pathway leading to superoxide-induced fibroblasts activation. Superoxides 74-84 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 0-6 19268487-11 2009 ERK1/2 and p38 MAPKs are involved in the intracellular pathway leading to superoxide-induced fibroblasts activation. Superoxides 74-84 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 11-14 19398669-8 2009 Both MTHFR genotype and vascular 5-MTHF were associated with vascular nitric oxide bioavailability and superoxide generated by uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Superoxides 103-113 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 137-170 19414794-4 2009 We observed impaired O(2)( ) generation by LPS-treated and fMLP-activated IRAK4-deficient PMN that correlated with decreased phosphorylation of p47(phox) and subnormal translocation of p47(phox), p67(phox), Rac2, and gp91(phox)/Nox2 to the membranes indicating that TLR4 signaling to the NOX activation pathway requires IRAK4. Superoxides 21-25 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 196-199 19414794-4 2009 We observed impaired O(2)( ) generation by LPS-treated and fMLP-activated IRAK4-deficient PMN that correlated with decreased phosphorylation of p47(phox) and subnormal translocation of p47(phox), p67(phox), Rac2, and gp91(phox)/Nox2 to the membranes indicating that TLR4 signaling to the NOX activation pathway requires IRAK4. Superoxides 21-25 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 207-211 19414794-5 2009 NEMO-deficient PMN generated significantly less O(2)( ) in response to LPS-primed fMLP and translocated less p67(phox) than normal PMN, although p47(phox) and Rac2 translocation were normal. Superoxides 48-52 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 82-86 19229193-1 2009 BACKGROUND: Based on previous data, we hypothesized that an increase of angiotensin II (Ang II)-via the Ang II type 1 (AT-1) receptor-in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus could activate NAD(P)H oxidase that will produce superoxides resulting in increased sympathetic activity and hypertension. Superoxides 285-296 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 72-86 19229193-1 2009 BACKGROUND: Based on previous data, we hypothesized that an increase of angiotensin II (Ang II)-via the Ang II type 1 (AT-1) receptor-in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus could activate NAD(P)H oxidase that will produce superoxides resulting in increased sympathetic activity and hypertension. Superoxides 285-296 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 88-94 18499366-17 2009 Production of O(2)(-) was significantly higher using catalase compared to all the other groups (p=0.006), while OH was not significantly influenced by any of the antioxidants tested. Superoxides 14-18 catalase Canis lupus familiaris 53-61 19193722-9 2009 In conclusion, IP renders kidney resistance to I/R injury, and this resistance is mediated by increased superoxide formation, which activates MnSOD activity and expression as well as HSP-27 expression. Superoxides 104-114 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 142-147 19213944-8 2009 In HCAs or HCAECs incubated with dihydroethidium and dichlorodihydrofluorescein, BK induced superoxide and H2O2 formation, which was inhibited by gp91ds-tat or apocynin but not by gp91scram-tat or rotenone. Superoxides 92-102 kininogen 1 Homo sapiens 81-83 19213944-9 2009 HPLC analysis confirmed that BK specifically induced superoxide production. Superoxides 53-63 kininogen 1 Homo sapiens 29-31 19413947-6 2009 Finally, p53-depleted cells exhibit significant disruption of cellular ROS homeostasis, characterized by reduced mitochondrial and cellular superoxide levels and increased cellular hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 140-150 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 9-12 19479843-3 2009 Among the isolated compounds, lucidafuran (1) and aucuparin (3) exhibited potent inhibitory activity against fMLP-induced superoxide (O(*-)(2)) production by human neutrophils with IC(50) values of 18.7+/-4.4 and 17.0+/-6.8 microM, resp. Superoxides 122-132 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 109-113 19285483-6 2009 Superoxide anion production upon PMA activation was significantly reduced in neutrophils from VSOP/Hv1 knockout mice. Superoxides 0-16 hydrogen voltage-gated channel 1 Mus musculus 94-98 19211919-8 2009 Obstruction of the common biliopancreatic duct time-dependently enhanced angiotensinogen levels, which correlated well with superoxide generation, ERK1/2 and CREB phosphorylation, and subsequent IL-6 expression. Superoxides 124-134 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 73-88 19442097-5 2009 The mitochondria function is regulated by several factors including nitric oxide, oxidative stress, mammalian target of rapamycin, ADP and P(i) availability, which result in a complex regulation of ATP production and oxygen consumption, but also superoxide generation. Superoxides 246-256 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 100-129 19251446-3 2009 Recent reports suggest that highly expressed and inducible endogenous NQO1 from cardiovascular cells may act as a potential superoxide scavenger. Superoxides 124-134 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 70-74 19715503-2 2009 In-vitro administration of salmon IGF-I (sIGF-I), human IGF-I, and human IGF-II Increased superoxide production in zymosan-stimulated HKL. Superoxides 90-100 insulin like growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 34-39 19715503-2 2009 In-vitro administration of salmon IGF-I (sIGF-I), human IGF-I, and human IGF-II Increased superoxide production in zymosan-stimulated HKL. Superoxides 90-100 insulin like growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 42-47 19296689-0 2009 Cytochrome C mutants for superoxide biosensors. Superoxides 25-35 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 0-12 19296689-1 2009 The effect of introducing positive charges (lysines) in human cytochrome c (cyt c) on the redox properties and reaction rates of cyt c with superoxide radicals was studied. Superoxides 140-150 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 62-74 19296689-1 2009 The effect of introducing positive charges (lysines) in human cytochrome c (cyt c) on the redox properties and reaction rates of cyt c with superoxide radicals was studied. Superoxides 140-150 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 76-81 19296689-1 2009 The effect of introducing positive charges (lysines) in human cytochrome c (cyt c) on the redox properties and reaction rates of cyt c with superoxide radicals was studied. Superoxides 140-150 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 129-134 19439231-1 2009 Insulin stimulates superoxide (O(2)(-)) production in monocytes and macrophages. Superoxides 19-29 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 19439231-1 2009 Insulin stimulates superoxide (O(2)(-)) production in monocytes and macrophages. Superoxides 31-39 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 19439213-3 2009 In this study, we investigated the regulation of antioxidant enzyme systems in microglial cells by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and found that pretreatment with IFN-gamma for 20 h protected microglial cells from the toxicity of various reactive species such as hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), superoxide anion, 4-hydroxy-2(E)-nonenal, and peroxynitrite. Superoxides 291-307 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 161-170 19439231-2 2009 However, the mechanisms through which insulin induces O(2)(-) production are not completely understood. Superoxides 54-58 insulin Homo sapiens 38-45 19439231-3 2009 In this study, we (a) characterized the enzyme and the pathways involved in insulin-stimulated O(2)(-) production in human monocytes and murine macrophages, and (b) analyzed the consequences of insulin-stimulated O(2)(-) production on the cellular phenotype in these cells. Superoxides 95-102 insulin Homo sapiens 76-83 19439231-3 2009 In this study, we (a) characterized the enzyme and the pathways involved in insulin-stimulated O(2)(-) production in human monocytes and murine macrophages, and (b) analyzed the consequences of insulin-stimulated O(2)(-) production on the cellular phenotype in these cells. Superoxides 213-220 insulin Homo sapiens 76-83 19439231-3 2009 In this study, we (a) characterized the enzyme and the pathways involved in insulin-stimulated O(2)(-) production in human monocytes and murine macrophages, and (b) analyzed the consequences of insulin-stimulated O(2)(-) production on the cellular phenotype in these cells. Superoxides 213-220 insulin Homo sapiens 194-201 19439231-4 2009 We showed that insulin stimulated O(2)(-) production, and promoted p47(phox) translocation to the plasma membrane. Superoxides 34-41 insulin Homo sapiens 15-22 19439231-8 2009 Small-interfering RNA-specific gene silencing targeted specifically against Nox2 reduced the cognate protein expression, decreased insulin-induced O(2)(-) production, inhibited the turn on of NFkappaB, p38MAPK, and ERK 1/2, and reduced cell proliferation in macrophages. Superoxides 147-154 insulin Homo sapiens 131-138 19189960-8 2009 Dextromethorphan treatment (10-40 mg/kg/day) for 10 weeks in apoE-deficient mice significantly reduced superoxide production in their polymorphonuclear leukocytes and aortas. Superoxides 103-113 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 61-65 19176602-4 2009 Activity of NOS3 was characterized by conversion of arginine to citrulline, BH(4) intracellular availability, cGMP, and superoxide anion production. Superoxides 120-136 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 12-16 19176602-7 2009 In aged cells with an uncoupled NOS3 as shown by the reduced BH(4) level, the increase in superoxide anion and the lower production of cGMP and the decrease in NO bioavailability were linearly correlated with the increase in basal [Ca(2+)](i). Superoxides 90-106 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 32-36 19558361-2 2009 In this study, the inhibitory effect of TMC-SOD and heparin-SOD on superoxide anion release from macrophages was studied in vitro. Superoxides 67-83 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 44-47 19222497-6 2009 RESULTS: TauCl inhibited superoxide anion generation triggered by N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP; 30 nM), phorbol myristate acetate (1 nM) and serum opsonized zymosan (0.5 mg/mL) with similar potency (IC50 approximately 200 microM) for the three stimuli, while taurine (0.1-1 mM) was scarcely effective. Superoxides 25-41 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 88-92 19337906-4 2009 Hyperoxia-induced activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase that is responsible for superoxide anion production, as evidenced by up-regulation and membrane translocation of p67phox, and the inflammatory responses, such as increased mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and transforming growth factor-beta, were also significantly attenuated with PBN treatment. Superoxides 108-124 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 275-302 19337906-4 2009 Hyperoxia-induced activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase that is responsible for superoxide anion production, as evidenced by up-regulation and membrane translocation of p67phox, and the inflammatory responses, such as increased mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, and transforming growth factor-beta, were also significantly attenuated with PBN treatment. Superoxides 108-124 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 304-317 19130504-0 2009 HIV-1 Nef induces p47(phox) phosphorylation leading to a rapid superoxide anion release from the U937 human monoblastic cell line. Superoxides 63-79 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 6-9 19130504-3 2009 We have recently shown that the inducible expression of HIV-1 Nef in human macrophages cell line modulates in bi-phasic mode the superoxide anion release by NADPH oxidase, inducing a fast increase of the superoxide production, followed by a delayed strong inhibition mediated by Nef-induced soluble factor(s). Superoxides 129-145 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 279-282 19130504-3 2009 We have recently shown that the inducible expression of HIV-1 Nef in human macrophages cell line modulates in bi-phasic mode the superoxide anion release by NADPH oxidase, inducing a fast increase of the superoxide production, followed by a delayed strong inhibition mediated by Nef-induced soluble factor(s). Superoxides 129-139 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 279-282 19130504-4 2009 Our study is focused on the molecular mechanisms involved in Nef-mediated activation of NADPH oxidase and superoxide anion release. Superoxides 106-122 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 61-64 19130504-5 2009 Using U937 cells stably transfected with different Nef alleles, we found that both Nef membrane localization and intact SH3-binding domain are needed to induce superoxide release. Superoxides 160-170 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 51-54 19130504-5 2009 Using U937 cells stably transfected with different Nef alleles, we found that both Nef membrane localization and intact SH3-binding domain are needed to induce superoxide release. Superoxides 160-170 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 83-86 19130504-6 2009 The lack of effect during treatment with a specific MAPK pathway inhibitor, PD98059, demonstrated that Nef-induced superoxide release is independent of Erk1/2 phosphorylation. Superoxides 115-125 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 52-56 19130504-6 2009 The lack of effect during treatment with a specific MAPK pathway inhibitor, PD98059, demonstrated that Nef-induced superoxide release is independent of Erk1/2 phosphorylation. Superoxides 115-125 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 103-106 19558361-3 2009 Both TMC-SOD and heparin-SOD exhibited excellent inhibitory effects on superoxide anion release from macrophages, and the effects of TMC-SOD surpassed those of native SOD and heparin-SOD. Superoxides 71-87 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 17-28 19558361-3 2009 Both TMC-SOD and heparin-SOD exhibited excellent inhibitory effects on superoxide anion release from macrophages, and the effects of TMC-SOD surpassed those of native SOD and heparin-SOD. Superoxides 71-87 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 25-28 19558361-3 2009 Both TMC-SOD and heparin-SOD exhibited excellent inhibitory effects on superoxide anion release from macrophages, and the effects of TMC-SOD surpassed those of native SOD and heparin-SOD. Superoxides 71-87 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 25-28 19558361-2 2009 In this study, the inhibitory effect of TMC-SOD and heparin-SOD on superoxide anion release from macrophages was studied in vitro. Superoxides 67-83 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 52-63 19558361-3 2009 Both TMC-SOD and heparin-SOD exhibited excellent inhibitory effects on superoxide anion release from macrophages, and the effects of TMC-SOD surpassed those of native SOD and heparin-SOD. Superoxides 71-87 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 9-12 18952697-5 2009 RESULTS: Anti-PR3 (15 mug/mL) directly stimulated superoxide production and enhanced FMLP-stimulated superoxide production. Superoxides 101-111 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 85-89 18952697-6 2009 Anti-PR3 (0.5 mug/mL) did not stimulate superoxide production but did enhance FMLP-stimulated superoxide production. Superoxides 94-104 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 78-82 19151253-4 2009 We investigated these mechanisms in a model of salt-sensitive hypertension in which we have previously shown that endothelial dysfunction is mediated by superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) linked to local ANG II. Superoxides 153-169 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 196-202 19211495-2 2009 METHODS: AngII-stimulated superoxide (O(2)(-)) production by cerebral arteries from male and female wild-type (WT) and Nox2(-/-) mice was measured using lucigenin- or L-012-enhanced chemiluminescence. Superoxides 26-36 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 9-14 19211495-2 2009 METHODS: AngII-stimulated superoxide (O(2)(-)) production by cerebral arteries from male and female wild-type (WT) and Nox2(-/-) mice was measured using lucigenin- or L-012-enhanced chemiluminescence. Superoxides 38-42 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 9-14 18754709-4 2009 Catalytic antioxidants mimic the activities of superoxide dismutase or catalase or both, detoxifying superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, and in some cases, peroxynitrite and other toxic species as well. Superoxides 47-57 catalase Homo sapiens 71-79 18754709-4 2009 Catalytic antioxidants mimic the activities of superoxide dismutase or catalase or both, detoxifying superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, and in some cases, peroxynitrite and other toxic species as well. Superoxides 101-111 catalase Homo sapiens 71-79 18621373-0 2009 C-reactive protein stimulates superoxide anion release and tissue factor activity in vivo. Superoxides 30-46 C-reactive protein Rattus norvegicus 0-18 19151253-4 2009 We investigated these mechanisms in a model of salt-sensitive hypertension in which we have previously shown that endothelial dysfunction is mediated by superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) linked to local ANG II. Superoxides 171-175 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 196-202 19151253-10 2009 This study provides insight into the mechanisms that underlie the association between metabolic and hypertensive cardiovascular diseases and support the notion that O(2)(-) overproduction linked to tissue ANG II interferes with shared insulin signaling pathways in metabolic and cardiovascular tissues. Superoxides 165-172 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 205-211 19295663-7 2009 TNF-alpha-induced endothelial cell apoptosis was associated with dramatic increases in production of intracellular hydrogen peroxide (approximately 20 times greater than control) and superoxide (approximately 16 times greater than control), as measured by dichlorofluorescein and dihydroethidium fluorescent staining, respectively. Superoxides 183-193 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-9 18621373-5 2009 Intraperitoneal administration of CRP (20mg/kg body weight) compared to human serum albumin (HuSA) increased superoxide anion release and tissue factor activity from peritoneal macrophages in vivo (p<0.01). Superoxides 109-125 C-reactive protein Rattus norvegicus 34-37 18621373-7 2009 Pretreatment with reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers or protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor significantly abrogated CRP-induced superoxide anion release and tissue factor activity. Superoxides 131-147 C-reactive protein Rattus norvegicus 119-122 18621373-8 2009 Pretreatment with extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitors, but not p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) significantly decreased CRP-induced superoxide anion release from macrophages in vivo. Superoxides 197-213 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 18-55 18621373-8 2009 Pretreatment with extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitors, but not p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) significantly decreased CRP-induced superoxide anion release from macrophages in vivo. Superoxides 197-213 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 57-60 18621373-8 2009 Pretreatment with extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitors, but not p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) significantly decreased CRP-induced superoxide anion release from macrophages in vivo. Superoxides 197-213 C-reactive protein Rattus norvegicus 185-188 18621373-10 2009 Antibodies to Fc gamma receptors, CD32 and CD64 resulted in significant reduction in CRP-induced superoxide and tissue factor activity in vivo. Superoxides 97-107 Fc gamma receptor 2B Rattus norvegicus 34-38 18621373-10 2009 Antibodies to Fc gamma receptors, CD32 and CD64 resulted in significant reduction in CRP-induced superoxide and tissue factor activity in vivo. Superoxides 97-107 C-reactive protein Rattus norvegicus 85-88 18785879-4 2009 Human CASMCs (coronary artery smooth muscle cells) in culture exposed to IL (interleukin)-1beta or TNF-alpha (tumour necrosis factor-alpha) had increased superoxide generation and enhanced CD40 expression, detected by EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) and immunoblotting respectively. Superoxides 154-164 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 73-95 18785879-4 2009 Human CASMCs (coronary artery smooth muscle cells) in culture exposed to IL (interleukin)-1beta or TNF-alpha (tumour necrosis factor-alpha) had increased superoxide generation and enhanced CD40 expression, detected by EPR (electron paramagnetic resonance) and immunoblotting respectively. Superoxides 154-164 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 99-108 19286753-7 2009 CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that increases of urinary sodium and potassium excretion elicited by central administration of Ang II are mediated by NAD(P)H oxidase- dependent production of superoxide and protein kinase C activation in conscious hydrated rats. Superoxides 195-205 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 131-137 19027750-8 2009 Both superoxide and peroxynitrite production were increased in APN(-/-) vessels (P<0.01 vs. WT). Superoxides 5-15 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Homo sapiens 63-66 19100830-4 2009 Isopedicin potently and concentration-dependently inhibited superoxide anion (O(2)(*)(-)) production in formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP)-activated human neutrophils with an IC(50) value of 0.34+/-0.03 microM. Superoxides 60-76 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 149-153 19059428-3 2009 Because superoxide dismutase (SOD) plays a central role in detoxifying superoxide radicals, we have examined the effects of mutational inactivation of each isoform of sod on normal lifespan and lifespan extension by dietary restriction (DR) or cold-/hypothermic-induced longevity (CHIL). Superoxides 8-18 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 30-33 19129478-1 2009 The assembly of cytosolic p47(phox) and p67(phox) with flavocytochrome b(558) at the membrane is crucial for activating the leukocyte NADPH oxidase that generates superoxide for microbial killing. Superoxides 163-173 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 40-43 32038816-7 2009 Hepatic antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) were elevated by PGP in CCl4-treatment groups. Superoxides 29-39 phosphoglycolate phosphatase Rattus norvegicus 106-109 32038816-7 2009 Hepatic antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase) were elevated by PGP in CCl4-treatment groups. Superoxides 29-39 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 113-117 19081082-0 2009 Angiotensin II induces superoxide generation via NAD(P)H oxidase activation in isolated rat pancreatic islets. Superoxides 23-33 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-14 19081082-4 2009 We found that ANGII-induced superoxide generation via NAD(P)H oxidase activation and increased protein and mRNA levels of NAD(P)H oxidase subunits (p47(PHOX) and gp91(PHOX)). Superoxides 28-38 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 14-19 19041937-3 2009 This study was conducted to determine whether a TNF-induced increase in superoxide (O(2)(*)(-)) contributes to mitochondrial damage in the left ventricle (LV) by impairing respiratory complex I activity. Superoxides 72-82 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 48-51 19201909-5 2009 This decrease in superoxide production was paralleled by a significant IFN-beta-mediated increase in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) protein levels. Superoxides 17-27 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 125-129 19100830-4 2009 Isopedicin potently and concentration-dependently inhibited superoxide anion (O(2)(*)(-)) production in formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP)-activated human neutrophils with an IC(50) value of 0.34+/-0.03 microM. Superoxides 78-82 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 149-153 18647135-0 2009 The angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism is associated with phagocytic NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide generation: potential implication in hypertension. Superoxides 120-130 angiotensin I converting enzyme Homo sapiens 4-33 19109942-3 2009 Lipid deposition was found in myocardial, vascular wall, and perivascular cells of the angiotensin II-infused rat heart, and superoxide generation was increased in these lipid-positive cells. Superoxides 125-135 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 87-101 19057515-6 2009 RESULTS: In the injured artery, superoxide anion production and expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunits p47(phox) and Rac-1 were markedly increased, together with expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Superoxides 32-48 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 263-296 19019916-6 2009 Challenge with AOPPs triggered cytosolic superoxide generation, resulting in upregulation of fibronectin and collagen IV genes and proteins and overexpression of TGF-beta1 via a PKC-NADPH oxidase-dependent pathway, as these downstream events were blocked by the inhibitors of PKC, inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, or the cytosolic superoxide scavenger. Superoxides 41-51 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 162-171 19073907-7 2009 We found that superoxide was a critical mediator of T-cell TNF-alpha production, as this was significantly inhibited by polyethylene glycol (PEG)-SOD, but not PEG-catalase. Superoxides 14-24 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 59-68 19073907-8 2009 Thus, T cells contain an endogenous renin-angiotensin system that modulates T-cell function, NADPH oxidase activity, and production of superoxide that, in turn, modulates TNF-alpha production. Superoxides 135-145 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 171-180 18851713-8 2009 The protection afforded by SOD against such decay demonstrates that these processes are superoxide-radical-dependent. Superoxides 88-106 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 18987049-6 2009 In isolated VSMCs or aorta from wild-type mice, Ang II stimulation markedly increased the levels of O2(-) and MAPK phosphorylation. Superoxides 100-102 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 48-54 18987049-14 2009 Both O2(-) and ONOO(-) participate in Ang II-induced activation of vascular MAPK. Superoxides 5-7 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 38-44 18647135-1 2009 The objective of the present study was to analyse the influence of the ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) gene I/D (insertion/deletion) polymorphism on NADPH oxidase-dependent O(2)(*-) (superoxide radical) production, and to investigate the clinical implication of this association in hypertensive subjects. Superoxides 187-205 angiotensin I converting enzyme Homo sapiens 71-74 18647135-1 2009 The objective of the present study was to analyse the influence of the ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) gene I/D (insertion/deletion) polymorphism on NADPH oxidase-dependent O(2)(*-) (superoxide radical) production, and to investigate the clinical implication of this association in hypertensive subjects. Superoxides 187-205 angiotensin I converting enzyme Homo sapiens 76-105 18647135-12 2009 In conclusion, in the present study we have reported for the first time an association of the D/D genotype of the ACE I/D polymorphism with phagocytic NADPH oxidase-mediated O(2)(*-) overproduction. Superoxides 174-178 angiotensin I converting enzyme Homo sapiens 114-117 18927216-13 2009 It is suggested that in this animal model, characterized by TSH elevation and low-grade inflammation, an increased expression and function of iNOS, resulting in superoxide generation, accounts for an impaired NO availability. Superoxides 161-171 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 142-146 19114648-8 2009 We conclude that O(2)(.-)- and H(2)O(2)-dependent feedforward impairment of mitochondrial ETC complexes because of predisposed downregulation of superoxide dismutase or catalase and a cross-talk between NADPH oxidase-derived O(2)(.-) and ETC enzymes contribute to chronic oxidative stress in the RVLM of spontaneously hypertensive rats, leading to augmented sympathetic vasomotor tone and hypertension. Superoxides 17-21 catalase Rattus norvegicus 169-177 19075094-0 2009 Angiotensin II decreases nitric oxide synthase 3 expression via nitric oxide and superoxide in the thick ascending limb. Superoxides 81-91 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-14 19075094-9 2009 Angiotensin II increases superoxide, and superoxide scavenges NO. Superoxides 25-35 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-14 19075094-10 2009 Thus, we tested whether scavenging superoxide enhances the angiotensin II-induced reduction in NOS3 expression. Superoxides 35-45 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 59-73 19075094-13 2009 We concluded that angiotensin II-induced decreases in NOS3 expression in mTHALs require both NO and superoxide. Superoxides 100-110 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 18-32 19114648-8 2009 We conclude that O(2)(.-)- and H(2)O(2)-dependent feedforward impairment of mitochondrial ETC complexes because of predisposed downregulation of superoxide dismutase or catalase and a cross-talk between NADPH oxidase-derived O(2)(.-) and ETC enzymes contribute to chronic oxidative stress in the RVLM of spontaneously hypertensive rats, leading to augmented sympathetic vasomotor tone and hypertension. Superoxides 35-39 catalase Rattus norvegicus 169-177 19123835-1 2009 The amyloid beta peptide (Abeta) of Alzheimer"s disease evolves hydrogen peroxide in vitro in the presence of Cu(II), external reducing agents, and molecular oxygen, without producing detectable amounts of the one-electron reduced intermediate, superoxide, O(2)(-*). Superoxides 245-255 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 26-31 18790533-5 2009 These effects were probably associated with the increase of intracellular superoxide in mitochondrial signaling pathway which attributed to the down-regulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 74-84 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 163-183 18790533-5 2009 These effects were probably associated with the increase of intracellular superoxide in mitochondrial signaling pathway which attributed to the down-regulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 74-84 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 185-188 18773197-3 2009 Cardiomyocytes from embryonic chick heart were treated with 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), which decomposes to liberate NO and superoxide anion (O(2) (-)) which in turn generates peroxynitrite. Superoxides 129-145 mitogen-activated protein kinase associated protein 1 Gallus gallus 85-90 18773197-3 2009 Cardiomyocytes from embryonic chick heart were treated with 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), which decomposes to liberate NO and superoxide anion (O(2) (-)) which in turn generates peroxynitrite. Superoxides 147-155 mitogen-activated protein kinase associated protein 1 Gallus gallus 85-90 19011239-7 2009 Intracellular BH4 deficiency induced superoxide generation from eNOS, as assessed by N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester inhibitable 2-hydroxyethidium generation, and attenuated NO production. Superoxides 37-47 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 64-68 19015023-6 2009 O(2)(-) inactivates mitochondrial aconitase to release iron from iron-sulfur clusters, which forms the hydroxyl radical ((. Superoxides 0-4 aconitase 2 Homo sapiens 20-43 19011239-9 2009 Furthermore, increasing the intracellular BH2 concentration in the presence of a constant eNOS:BH4 ratio was sufficient to induce eNOS-dependent superoxide production. Superoxides 145-155 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 90-94 19011239-2 2009 In the absence of BH4, eNOS becomes "uncoupled" and generates superoxide rather than NO. Superoxides 62-72 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 23-27 19011239-9 2009 Furthermore, increasing the intracellular BH2 concentration in the presence of a constant eNOS:BH4 ratio was sufficient to induce eNOS-dependent superoxide production. Superoxides 145-155 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 130-134 19056377-7 2009 Increased dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescence in response to TGF-beta1, which was inhibited by DETA-NONOate and TEMPOL, suggested a role for intracellular superoxide in TGF-beta1 signalling. Superoxides 154-164 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 60-69 19056377-7 2009 Increased dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescence in response to TGF-beta1, which was inhibited by DETA-NONOate and TEMPOL, suggested a role for intracellular superoxide in TGF-beta1 signalling. Superoxides 154-164 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 168-177 19460141-11 2009 Production of superoxide anions was evaluated using the cytochrome c reduction assay. Superoxides 14-31 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 56-68 19129394-2 2009 Superoxide produced from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is considered the major source of ROS in neurons during excitation where mitochondrial superoxide levels are normally controlled by superoxide dismutase (SOD-2). Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 219-224 19129394-2 2009 Superoxide produced from mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is considered the major source of ROS in neurons during excitation where mitochondrial superoxide levels are normally controlled by superoxide dismutase (SOD-2). Superoxides 152-162 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 219-224 19129394-6 2009 Our studies also support the notion that SOD-2 nitration is a critical mechanism that maintains elevated superoxide levels in the spinal cord after capsaicin treatment. Superoxides 105-115 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 41-46 18971355-6 2009 Ad-Cu/ZnSOD targeted to this region abolished the increased superoxide levels and led to significantly improved myocardial function compared with control vector-treated mice. Superoxides 60-70 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 3-11 18971355-8 2009 These effects of superoxide scavenging with Ad-Cu/ZnSOD in the forebrain paralleled increased post-MI survival rates compared with controls. Superoxides 17-27 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 47-55 18436224-5 2009 Furthermore, ET-1 increased intracellular O(2*)(-) production in all layers of the vessel, protein expression of NADPH oxidase subunit p47(phox) without affecting p22(phox) expression and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence signal stimulated by calcium ionophore A23187. Superoxides 42-47 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 13-17 18996352-0 2009 FPRL1-mediated induction of superoxide in LL-37-stimulated IMR90 human fibroblast. Superoxides 28-38 cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide Homo sapiens 42-47 18436224-0 2009 Quercetin inhibits vascular superoxide production induced by endothelin-1: Role of NADPH oxidase, uncoupled eNOS and PKC. Superoxides 28-38 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 61-73 18436224-2 2009 We have investigated the effects of quercetin and its methylated metabolite isorhamnetin (1-10microM) on endothelial dysfunction and superoxide (O(2*)(-)) production induced by endothelin-1 (ET-1, 10nM). Superoxides 133-143 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 177-189 18436224-2 2009 We have investigated the effects of quercetin and its methylated metabolite isorhamnetin (1-10microM) on endothelial dysfunction and superoxide (O(2*)(-)) production induced by endothelin-1 (ET-1, 10nM). Superoxides 145-150 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 177-189 18791203-4 2009 LPS + IFN gamma increased synthesis of peroxynitrite precursors nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide by inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and NADPH oxidase, respectively. Superoxides 86-96 interferon gamma Mus musculus 6-15 18791203-4 2009 LPS + IFN gamma increased synthesis of peroxynitrite precursors nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide by inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and NADPH oxidase, respectively. Superoxides 86-96 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 100-121 18791203-4 2009 LPS + IFN gamma increased synthesis of peroxynitrite precursors nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide by inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and NADPH oxidase, respectively. Superoxides 86-96 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 123-127 18791203-8 2009 CONCLUSION: LPS + IFN gamma stimulates endothelial cells to produce iNOS-derived NO and NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide, which form peroxynitrite that nitrates tyrosine residues in PP2Ac and inhibits their phosphorylation. Superoxides 110-120 interferon gamma Mus musculus 18-27 18852069-8 2009 These results suggest that geldanamycin may enhance eNOS phosphorylation at Thr-495 by inhibiting Hsp90, Hsp90 uncoupling eNOS protein results in increased eNOS-dependent O2(-) production. Superoxides 171-173 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Rattus norvegicus 98-103 19273067-3 2009 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) (e.g., superoxide, peroxynitrite, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide) are all potential reactants capable of initiating DNA single strand breakage, with subsequent activation of the nuclear enzyme poly (ADP ribose) synthetase (PARS), leading to eventual severe energy depletion of the cells, and necrotic-type cell death. Superoxides 37-47 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 231-259 18852069-0 2009 Hsp90 mediates the balance of nitric oxide and superoxide anion in the lungs of rats with acute pulmonary thromboembolism. Superoxides 47-63 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 18852069-8 2009 These results suggest that geldanamycin may enhance eNOS phosphorylation at Thr-495 by inhibiting Hsp90, Hsp90 uncoupling eNOS protein results in increased eNOS-dependent O2(-) production. Superoxides 171-173 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Rattus norvegicus 105-110 18852069-2 2009 The association of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), which generates nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O2(-)), is a critical mechanism on regulating vessel homeostasis. Superoxides 134-150 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Rattus norvegicus 19-40 18852069-2 2009 The association of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), which generates nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O2(-)), is a critical mechanism on regulating vessel homeostasis. Superoxides 134-150 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Rattus norvegicus 42-47 18792915-10 2009 Superoxide increased GSH content, and activities of SOD, catalase and GPx in qHSCs but not in aHSCs. Superoxides 0-10 catalase Rattus norvegicus 57-65 18852069-2 2009 The association of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), which generates nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O2(-)), is a critical mechanism on regulating vessel homeostasis. Superoxides 152-154 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Rattus norvegicus 19-40 18852069-2 2009 The association of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), which generates nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O2(-)), is a critical mechanism on regulating vessel homeostasis. Superoxides 152-154 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Rattus norvegicus 42-47 18852069-3 2009 In this study, the role of Hsp90 association with eNOS in the balance of NO and O2(-) was examined in PTE rat model. Superoxides 80-82 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Rattus norvegicus 27-32 19607981-2 2009 Superoxide anion is converted by superoxide dismutase into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and the latter is then transformed into the toxic hydroxyl radical, through the Haber-Weiss reaction, converted to water by glutathione peroxidase (GPx) or dismuted to water and oxygen through catalase. Superoxides 0-16 catalase Rattus norvegicus 278-286 19714290-3 2009 METHODS: Superoxide production by T84 cells was measured by the cytochrome c method. Superoxides 9-19 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 64-76 19714290-7 2009 RESULTS: IL-10 significantly inhibited IFN-gamma- or TNF-alpha-induced up-regulation of superoxide-producing activity in T84 cells by suppressing expression of Nox1 mRNA and protein. Superoxides 88-98 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 39-48 19714290-7 2009 RESULTS: IL-10 significantly inhibited IFN-gamma- or TNF-alpha-induced up-regulation of superoxide-producing activity in T84 cells by suppressing expression of Nox1 mRNA and protein. Superoxides 88-98 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 53-62 20375610-2 2009 In activation of the oxidase, the multidomain protein p67(phox)plays a central role: it translocates to the membrane as a ternary complex with p47(phox)and p40(phox), and interacts with the small GTPase Rac to assemble with the membrane-integrated catalytic protein gp91(phox), leading to superoxide production. Superoxides 289-299 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 54-57 19145780-6 2009 Angiotensin II increased O2*- production more in SHR than WKY rats. Superoxides 25-27 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-14 18927353-2 2009 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalyzes dismutation of superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide, which is subsequently detoxified by catalase. Superoxides 52-68 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 20375610-2 2009 In activation of the oxidase, the multidomain protein p67(phox)plays a central role: it translocates to the membrane as a ternary complex with p47(phox)and p40(phox), and interacts with the small GTPase Rac to assemble with the membrane-integrated catalytic protein gp91(phox), leading to superoxide production. Superoxides 289-299 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 203-206 19571580-0 2009 Early signaling by vascular endothelial growth factor and placental growth factor in human bone marrow-derived endothelial cells is mediated by superoxide. Superoxides 144-154 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 19-53 19571580-0 2009 Early signaling by vascular endothelial growth factor and placental growth factor in human bone marrow-derived endothelial cells is mediated by superoxide. Superoxides 144-154 placental growth factor Homo sapiens 58-81 18987137-0 2009 Viral inhibitor of apoptosis vFLIP/K13 protects endothelial cells against superoxide-induced cell death. Superoxides 74-84 K13 Human gammaherpesvirus 8 29-34 18987137-8 2009 The induction of MnSOD expression was dependent on vFLIP/K13-mediated activation of NF-kappaB, occurred in a cell-intrinsic manner, and was correlated with decreased intracellular superoxide accumulation and increased resistance of endothelial cells to superoxide-induced death. Superoxides 180-190 K13 Human gammaherpesvirus 8 51-56 19571580-5 2009 RESULTS: We show here that VEGF and PlGF generate extracellular and intracellular O(2)(-) that regulates their downstream signaling transduction pathways. Superoxides 82-86 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 27-31 18987137-8 2009 The induction of MnSOD expression was dependent on vFLIP/K13-mediated activation of NF-kappaB, occurred in a cell-intrinsic manner, and was correlated with decreased intracellular superoxide accumulation and increased resistance of endothelial cells to superoxide-induced death. Superoxides 253-263 K13 Human gammaherpesvirus 8 51-56 19571580-5 2009 RESULTS: We show here that VEGF and PlGF generate extracellular and intracellular O(2)(-) that regulates their downstream signaling transduction pathways. Superoxides 82-86 placental growth factor Homo sapiens 36-40 19571580-6 2009 Indeed, the extracellular O(2)(-) generated treatment of endothelial cells (using hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase) was sufficient to initiate receptor phosphorylation of VEGF receptor 2. Superoxides 26-30 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 168-172 19571580-7 2009 The PlGF treatment of endothelial cells increased the generation of intracellular ROS in an extracellular O(2)(-) dependent manner. Superoxides 106-110 placental growth factor Homo sapiens 4-8 19436757-5 2009 Furthermore, superoxide production by NADPH-oxidase was directly responsible for age-related loss of parvalbumin (PV)-expressing GABAergic interneurons, neurons essential for normal information processing, encoding, and retrieval in hippocampus and cortex. Superoxides 13-23 parvalbumin Mus musculus 101-112 20131937-8 2009 As the activation of RAS, particularly the enhanced production of angiotensin II, can induce both O(2)(-) and NO generation, it has been suggested that physiological interactions of RAS, NO and O(2)(-) provide a coordinated regulation of kidney function. Superoxides 98-102 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 66-80 20131937-8 2009 As the activation of RAS, particularly the enhanced production of angiotensin II, can induce both O(2)(-) and NO generation, it has been suggested that physiological interactions of RAS, NO and O(2)(-) provide a coordinated regulation of kidney function. Superoxides 194-198 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 66-80 19436757-7 2009 CONCLUSIONS: Present results indicate that IL-6 mediates age-related loss of critical PV-expressing GABAergic interneurons through increased neuronal NADPH-oxidase-derived superoxide production, and that rescue of these interneurons preserves cognitive performance in aging mice, suggesting that elevated peripheral IL-6 levels may be directly and mechanistically linked to long-lasting cognitive deficits in even normal older individuals. Superoxides 172-182 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 43-47 19074877-8 2008 Integrin alpha5 induction occurred at the level of transcription and was dependent on elevated intracellular superoxide in HIF-1alpha-knockdown cells. Superoxides 109-119 integrin subunit alpha 5 Homo sapiens 0-15 19305493-5 2009 The ability of phagocytosis and superoxide release by AM was reduced by MCP-1 neutralizing antibodies. Superoxides 32-42 mast cell protease 1 Mus musculus 72-77 19305493-7 2009 AM from MCP-1(-/-) mice also demonstrated less superoxide and impaired phagocytosis over the controls. Superoxides 47-57 mast cell protease 1 Mus musculus 8-13 19091984-4 2008 Removal of IL-6 in neuronal cultures by anti-IL-6 blocking antibodies, or in vivo by use of IL-6-deficient mice, prevented the increase in superoxide by ketamine and rescued the interneurons. Superoxides 139-149 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 11-15 19072268-0 2008 Detection of the superoxide radical anion using various alkanethiol monolayers and immobilized cytochrome c. Superoxides 17-41 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 95-107 18929641-0 2008 Tumor necrosis factor alpha activates transcription of the NADPH oxidase organizer 1 (NOXO1) gene and upregulates superoxide production in colon epithelial cells. Superoxides 114-124 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-27 18929641-2 2008 Interleukin-1beta, flagellin, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) similarly induced Nox1 in a colon cancer cell line (T84), whereas only TNF-alpha fully induced NOXO1 and upregulated superoxide-producing activity by ninefold. Superoxides 209-219 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 0-17 18929641-2 2008 Interleukin-1beta, flagellin, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) similarly induced Nox1 in a colon cancer cell line (T84), whereas only TNF-alpha fully induced NOXO1 and upregulated superoxide-producing activity by ninefold. Superoxides 209-219 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 52-79 18929641-2 2008 Interleukin-1beta, flagellin, interferon-gamma, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) similarly induced Nox1 in a colon cancer cell line (T84), whereas only TNF-alpha fully induced NOXO1 and upregulated superoxide-producing activity by ninefold. Superoxides 209-219 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 81-90 18845543-8 2008 Specifically, chymase activation was attenuated by inhibition of nitric oxide, superoxide, and peroxynitrite. Superoxides 79-89 chymase 1 Homo sapiens 14-21 19074877-8 2008 Integrin alpha5 induction occurred at the level of transcription and was dependent on elevated intracellular superoxide in HIF-1alpha-knockdown cells. Superoxides 109-119 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 123-133 18849334-6 2008 Administration of anti-TNF-alpha at the onset of reperfusion partially restored nitric oxide-mediated coronary arteriolar dilation and reduced superoxide production. Superoxides 143-153 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 23-32 19107988-7 2008 Inactivating NADPH oxidase with either apocynin or deletion of the p47(phox) subunit blocked neuronal superoxide production and negated the deleterious effects of hyperglycemia. Superoxides 102-112 NSFL1 (p97) cofactor (p47) Mus musculus 67-70 18922887-10 2008 However, TNF-alpha induced an increase in RBF and caused attenuation of the GFR reduction in mice pretreated with superoxide (O(2)(-)) scavenger tempol (2 microg.g(-1).min(-1); n = 6). Superoxides 114-124 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 9-18 18922887-10 2008 However, TNF-alpha induced an increase in RBF and caused attenuation of the GFR reduction in mice pretreated with superoxide (O(2)(-)) scavenger tempol (2 microg.g(-1).min(-1); n = 6). Superoxides 126-130 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 9-18 18922887-12 2008 These data suggest that TNF-alpha induces renal vasoconstriction and hypofiltration via enhancing the activity of O(2)(-) and thus reducing the activity of NO. Superoxides 114-118 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 24-33 18694873-4 2008 Furthermore, superoxide detection by dihydroethidium-derived fluorescence and immunohistochemical staining of p22phox expression were significantly increased in wild-type mice fed on the high-fat diet, while these oxidative stresses in FcR gamma(-/-) mice were not enhanced by the high-fat diet. Superoxides 13-23 Fc receptor, IgE, high affinity I, gamma polypeptide Mus musculus 236-245 19016244-1 2008 The superoxide dismutases (SOD) are a family of enzymes that function as the first line of antioxidant defense against highly reactive superoxide radicals. Superoxides 4-14 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 18850075-9 2008 Our model is the first to definitely demonstrate that sustained AhR activation by TCDD increases blood pressure and induces cardiac hypertrophy, which may be mediated, in part, by increased superoxide. Superoxides 190-200 aryl-hydrocarbon receptor Mus musculus 64-67 18835932-9 2008 Furthermore, overexpression of UCP-2 significantly ablated both O(2). Superoxides 64-68 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 31-36 18835932-15 2008 CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that AMPK activation increases UCP-2, resulting in the inhibition of both O(2). Superoxides 99-103 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 56-61 18942689-7 2008 Anti-TNF antibody (Ab) pretreatment did not inhibit the increase of Kupffer cells, but it effectively suppressed superoxide/reactive oxygen production from Kupffer cells and the resulting hepatic injury. Superoxides 113-123 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 5-8 18942689-11 2008 CONCLUSION: Superoxide produced by Kupffer cells may be the essential effector in Con-A hepatitis, and TNF and NKT cells support their activation and superoxide production. Superoxides 150-160 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 103-106 18628779-7 2008 Superoxide production in the ischemic brains of mice pretreated with the Akt inhibitor was higher than in vehicle-treated mice. Superoxides 0-10 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 73-76 19198181-2 2008 We tested the hypothesis that SOD3 regulates the equilibrium between superoxide (O2-) and nitric oxide (NO), thereby controlling vascular tone and cerebrovascular reactivity. Superoxides 69-79 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 30-34 18801963-2 2008 Angiotensin II and endothelin-1 induced an NADPH oxidase (NOX)-dependent increase in anion superoxide (O(2)(-)) production detected by chemiluminescence. Superoxides 91-101 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-14 18801963-2 2008 Angiotensin II and endothelin-1 induced an NADPH oxidase (NOX)-dependent increase in anion superoxide (O(2)(-)) production detected by chemiluminescence. Superoxides 91-101 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 19-31 19005069-5 2008 [Nox1-p22(phox)] dimers localized in intracellular compartments are recruited to phagosome membranes during microglial phagocytosis of zymosan, and Nox1 produces O2(.-) in zymosan-loaded phagosomes. Superoxides 162-164 dynein cytoplasmic 1 heavy chain 1 Mus musculus 6-9 18826240-1 2008 Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD-1), an enzyme that catalyzes the disproportionation reaction of superoxide to produce oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, thereby protecting cells from oxidative stress, is a homodimer that coordinates one copper and one zinc ion per monomer. Superoxides 7-17 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 29-34 18981141-7 2008 Further mechanistic studies revealed that a MPP(+)-mediated increase in superoxide production was reduced in MAC1(-/-) neuron-glia cultures compared with MAC1(+/+) cultures. Superoxides 72-82 integrin alpha M Mus musculus 109-113 18981141-8 2008 The stunted production of superoxide in MAC1(-/-) microglia is likely linked to the lack of translocation of the cytosolic NADPH oxidase (PHOX) subunit (p47(phox)) to the membrane. Superoxides 26-36 integrin alpha M Mus musculus 40-44 18854902-6 2008 The results indicate that Co(II) binds O2 in the presence of GGH, and leads to the formation of a DMPO-HO adduct without first forming free superoxide or hydroxyl radical, supporting the participation of a reactive high-valent cobalt complex. Superoxides 140-150 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 26-32 18660830-8 2008 CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: These data demonstrate that superoxide derived from NOX upregulates the expression of PDE5 in human VSMCs. Superoxides 58-68 phosphodiesterase 5A Homo sapiens 116-120 18981572-10 2008 Furthermore, Rb1 reduced the TNF-alpha-induced increase of superoxide anion production by 41% and inhibited the TNF-alpha-induced decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential by 44% in HUVECs. Superoxides 59-75 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 29-38 18981572-12 2008 In conclusion, Rb1 effectively blocked the TNF-alpha-induced over-expression of VCAM-1, increased THP-1 adhesion and over-production of superoxide anion. Superoxides 136-152 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 43-52 18784937-3 2008 Hsp90 interacts directly with nitric oxide synthases (NOS), increasing NOS activity and altering the balance of superoxide versus NO production. Superoxides 112-122 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 18782627-4 2008 Pretreatment of aminoguanidine (an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), 10 microM) and vitamin C (an antioxidant agent, 100 microM) for 2h, reduced significantly the Ox-LDL-induced increase of NO and O2*-, and vitamin C completely inhibited increase of intracellular NO and O2*-. Superoxides 216-218 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 81-85 18782627-4 2008 Pretreatment of aminoguanidine (an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), 10 microM) and vitamin C (an antioxidant agent, 100 microM) for 2h, reduced significantly the Ox-LDL-induced increase of NO and O2*-, and vitamin C completely inhibited increase of intracellular NO and O2*-. Superoxides 290-292 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 81-85 31766805-8 2008 DNRA was a major sink for NO3 - , which may have contributed to the lower rates of N2 O and leaching losses. Superoxides 83-87 NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist Homo sapiens 26-29 18768397-1 2008 The extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3), a secretory copper-containing enzyme, regulates angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertension by modulating levels of extracellular superoxide anion. Superoxides 178-194 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 95-109 18768397-1 2008 The extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3), a secretory copper-containing enzyme, regulates angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertension by modulating levels of extracellular superoxide anion. Superoxides 178-194 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 111-117 18768397-3 2008 Here we show that chronic Ang II infusion enhanced systolic blood pressure and vascular superoxide anion production in MNK mutant (MNK(mut)) mice as compared with those in wild-type mice, which are associated with impaired acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in MNK(mut) mice. Superoxides 88-104 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 26-32 18768397-3 2008 Here we show that chronic Ang II infusion enhanced systolic blood pressure and vascular superoxide anion production in MNK mutant (MNK(mut)) mice as compared with those in wild-type mice, which are associated with impaired acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in MNK(mut) mice. Superoxides 88-104 ATPase, Cu++ transporting, alpha polypeptide Mus musculus 119-122 18768397-8 2008 In summary, MNK plays an important role in modulating Ang II-induced hypertension and endothelial function by regulating SOD3 activity and vascular superoxide anion production and becomes a potential therapeutic target for oxidant stress-dependent cardiovascular diseases. Superoxides 148-164 ATPase, Cu++ transporting, alpha polypeptide Mus musculus 12-15 18768397-8 2008 In summary, MNK plays an important role in modulating Ang II-induced hypertension and endothelial function by regulating SOD3 activity and vascular superoxide anion production and becomes a potential therapeutic target for oxidant stress-dependent cardiovascular diseases. Superoxides 148-164 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 54-60 18762777-9 2008 Moreover, in both primary cultured rat cardiomyocytes and myofibroblasts, recombinant kallistatin inhibited intracellular superoxide formation induced by H(2)O(2), and the antioxidant effect of kallistatin was abolished by Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), indicating a NO-mediated event. Superoxides 122-132 serpin family A member 4 Rattus norvegicus 86-97 18760347-0 2008 Distinct roles of Nox1 and Nox4 in basal and angiotensin II-stimulated superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production. Superoxides 71-81 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 45-59 18487040-6 2008 Varying superoxide concentrations in solution can be detected by an enhanced conversion of superoxide-reduced cytochrome c and thus by an enhanced photo current at the quantum dot modified electrode. Superoxides 8-18 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 110-122 18708074-8 2008 The mechanism of iNOS-dependent septic PMVEC permeability was pursued through pharmacologic studies with inhibitors of NOS, and scavengers of NO, superoxide, and peroxynitrite, and treatment of PMVEC with the NO donor, DETA-NONOate. Superoxides 146-156 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 17-21 18708074-9 2008 Septic iNOS+/+ AM-dependent trans-PMVEC albumin leak was significantly attenuated by pharmacologic iNOS inhibition (L-NAME and 1400W), and scavenging of either NO (oxyhemoglobin), superoxide (PEG-SOD), or peroxynitrite (FeTPPS). Superoxides 180-190 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 7-11 18991804-8 2008 IFN-gamma stimulates superoxide release and is a prophylactic agent for CGD. Superoxides 21-31 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 0-9 18487040-6 2008 Varying superoxide concentrations in solution can be detected by an enhanced conversion of superoxide-reduced cytochrome c and thus by an enhanced photo current at the quantum dot modified electrode. Superoxides 91-101 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 110-122 18706498-6 2008 Superoxide production paralleled the increase in iNOS expression, and inhibition of either iNOS (aminoguanidine or iminopiperdine) or superoxide (apocynin) significantly reduced cell death. Superoxides 0-10 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 49-53 18622039-0 2008 Phosphorylation of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase regulates superoxide generation from the enzyme. Superoxides 63-73 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 19-52 18622039-11 2008 Thus, Akt-mediated phosphorylation modulates eNOS uncoupling and greatly increases O(2)* generation from the enzyme at low Ca(2+) concentrations, and PKCalpha-mediated phosphorylation alters the sensitivity of the enzyme to other negative regulatory signals. Superoxides 83-87 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 6-9 18701634-0 2008 Heme oxygenase attenuates angiotensin II-mediated superoxide production in cultured mouse thick ascending loop of Henle cells. Superoxides 50-60 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 26-40 18756259-4 2008 Superoxide anion production was increased by DETC and decreased by tempol in control and ANG II-treated fibroblasts. Superoxides 0-16 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 89-95 18701634-3 2008 The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that induction of HO-1 can reduce the ANG II-mediated increase in superoxide production in cultured thick ascending loop of Henle (TALH) cells. Superoxides 116-126 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 68-72 18701634-3 2008 The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that induction of HO-1 can reduce the ANG II-mediated increase in superoxide production in cultured thick ascending loop of Henle (TALH) cells. Superoxides 116-126 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 88-94 18701634-6 2008 Treatment of mTALH cells with 10(-9) M ANG II increased dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescence (an index of superoxide levels) from 35.5+/-5 to 136+/-18 relative fluorescence units (RFU)/microm2. Superoxides 104-114 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 39-45 18701634-8 2008 To determine which metabolite of HO-1 is responsible for reducing ANG II-mediated increases in superoxide production in mTALH cells, cells were preincubated with bilirubin or carbon monoxide (CO)-releasing molecule (CORM)-A1 (each at 100 microM) before exposure to ANG II. Superoxides 95-105 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 33-37 18701634-8 2008 To determine which metabolite of HO-1 is responsible for reducing ANG II-mediated increases in superoxide production in mTALH cells, cells were preincubated with bilirubin or carbon monoxide (CO)-releasing molecule (CORM)-A1 (each at 100 microM) before exposure to ANG II. Superoxides 95-105 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 66-72 18701634-10 2008 These results demonstrate that induction of HO-1 in mTALH cells reduces the levels of ANG II-mediated superoxide production through the production of both bilirubin and CO. Superoxides 102-112 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 44-48 18701634-10 2008 These results demonstrate that induction of HO-1 in mTALH cells reduces the levels of ANG II-mediated superoxide production through the production of both bilirubin and CO. Superoxides 102-112 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 86-92 18958420-4 2008 In addition, application of Ang II increased the superoxide and hydrogen peroxide levels in the control HUVECs but not in APE1/Ref-1-overexpressing HUVECs. Superoxides 49-59 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 28-34 18535108-1 2008 Endothelin (ET)-1 stimulates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases and increases superoxide production in some cells such as vascular smooth muscle cells. Superoxides 104-114 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 0-10 18518859-8 2008 The activated forms of Rac1 and NOXA1 are essentially involved in Nox1 activation and their interactions might be responsible for regulating the O(2)(-)-producing activity in Caco-2 cells. Superoxides 145-150 NADPH oxidase activator 1 Homo sapiens 32-37 18726685-1 2008 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is the main SOD isoform in the arterial wall contributing to cardiovascular defense against oxidative stress by removing the superoxide anion. Superoxides 169-185 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 0-34 18726685-1 2008 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is the main SOD isoform in the arterial wall contributing to cardiovascular defense against oxidative stress by removing the superoxide anion. Superoxides 169-185 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 36-42 18726685-1 2008 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is the main SOD isoform in the arterial wall contributing to cardiovascular defense against oxidative stress by removing the superoxide anion. Superoxides 169-185 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 39-42 18555026-9 2008 In addition, the enzymatic site of cytochrome c was sensitive to the attack of both superoxide and hydroxyl radicals as observed through the reduction of Fe(3+), the degradation of the protoporphyrin IX and the oxidative disruption of the Met80-Fe(3+) bond. Superoxides 84-94 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 35-47 18535108-3 2008 Superoxide production was determined by assessing ethidium fluorescence using flow cytometry in HAAECs exposed to ET1 (10-30 nm) at different time intervals. Superoxides 0-10 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 114-117 18535108-4 2008 ET1 significantly decreased superoxide production in HAAECs in the presence of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, indicating that ET1 suppressed superoxide generation independent of nitric oxide synthase. Superoxides 28-38 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 18535108-4 2008 ET1 significantly decreased superoxide production in HAAECs in the presence of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, indicating that ET1 suppressed superoxide generation independent of nitric oxide synthase. Superoxides 28-38 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 129-132 18535108-2 2008 Here, we reported that ET1 inhibited NADPH oxidase activity, superoxide generation, and cell proliferation in human abdominal aortic endothelial cells (HAAECs) via the ETB1-Pyk2-Rac1-Nox1 pathway. Superoxides 61-71 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 23-26 18535108-4 2008 ET1 significantly decreased superoxide production in HAAECs in the presence of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, indicating that ET1 suppressed superoxide generation independent of nitric oxide synthase. Superoxides 144-154 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 18535108-4 2008 ET1 significantly decreased superoxide production in HAAECs in the presence of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, indicating that ET1 suppressed superoxide generation independent of nitric oxide synthase. Superoxides 144-154 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 129-132 18535108-2 2008 Here, we reported that ET1 inhibited NADPH oxidase activity, superoxide generation, and cell proliferation in human abdominal aortic endothelial cells (HAAECs) via the ETB1-Pyk2-Rac1-Nox1 pathway. Superoxides 61-71 endothelin receptor type B Homo sapiens 168-172 18535108-11 2008 This finding reveals a novel function of ETB1 receptors in regulating endothelial NADPH oxidase activity, superoxide production, and cell proliferation, opening a new avenue for understanding the role of ETB1 receptors in protecting endothelial cells. Superoxides 106-116 endothelin receptor type B Homo sapiens 41-45 18955813-1 2008 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) removes damaging reactive oxygen species from the cellular environment by catalyzing the dismutation of two superoxide radicals to hydrogen peroxide and oxygen. Superoxides 135-145 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 22-25 18545258-3 2008 However, overexpression of SOD-1 prevented activation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and neuronal death, suggesting that zinc release is upstream of superoxide production. Superoxides 160-170 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 27-32 18545258-4 2008 Accordingly, zinc-induced superoxide production was blocked in neuronal cultures by the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin and by genetic deficiency in the p47(phox) subunit of NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 26-36 NSFL1 cofactor Rattus norvegicus 154-157 18625913-7 2008 Mice lacking the complement receptor 3 (CR3; CD11b/CD18), which belongs to the beta(2)-integrin family, also displayed impaired host defense against pneumococci, along with defective neutrophil superoxide production, but cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis was normal. Superoxides 194-204 integrin alpha M Mus musculus 17-38 18625913-7 2008 Mice lacking the complement receptor 3 (CR3; CD11b/CD18), which belongs to the beta(2)-integrin family, also displayed impaired host defense against pneumococci, along with defective neutrophil superoxide production, but cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis was normal. Superoxides 194-204 integrin alpha M Mus musculus 40-43 18625913-7 2008 Mice lacking the complement receptor 3 (CR3; CD11b/CD18), which belongs to the beta(2)-integrin family, also displayed impaired host defense against pneumococci, along with defective neutrophil superoxide production, but cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis was normal. Superoxides 194-204 integrin alpha M Mus musculus 45-50 18625913-7 2008 Mice lacking the complement receptor 3 (CR3; CD11b/CD18), which belongs to the beta(2)-integrin family, also displayed impaired host defense against pneumococci, along with defective neutrophil superoxide production, but cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis was normal. Superoxides 194-204 integrin beta 2 Mus musculus 51-55 18625913-9 2008 Thus, our study demonstrates the pivotal role of myeloid SFKs and CR3 in mounting an effective defense against CNS infection with Streptococcus pneumonia by regulating phagocytosis and NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production. Superoxides 209-219 integrin alpha M Mus musculus 66-69 18817445-5 2008 Compounds 1-4 exhibited inhibition (IC50<or=29.8 microM) of superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils in response to formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB). Superoxides 63-79 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 187-191 18634866-5 2008 After degeneration of rods, injection of hydroethidine resulted in strong fluorescence in the retina of rd1 mice, indicating high levels of superoxide radicals, and this was reduced, as was nitrotyrosine staining, by apocynin, suggesting that overaction of NADP(H) oxidase is at least partially responsible. Superoxides 140-150 phosphodiesterase 6B, cGMP, rod receptor, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 104-107 18539125-2 2008 Peroxynitrite is formed by the reaction of the superoxide radical (O2.-) with the nitric oxide radical (.NO) that is generated by nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Superoxides 47-65 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 130-151 18781224-8 2008 Biochemical analysis of HCT116 cells over expressing the deacetylation mutant, as compared to wild-type SIRT3 gene, demonstrated an overall oxidized intracellular environment, as monitored by increase in intracellular superoxide and oxidized glutathione levels. Superoxides 218-228 sirtuin 3 Homo sapiens 104-109 18755348-9 2008 Superoxide levels in stenotic valves were significantly reduced by inhibition of nitric oxide synthases (NOS), which suggests uncoupling of the enzyme. Superoxides 0-10 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 81-103 18539125-2 2008 Peroxynitrite is formed by the reaction of the superoxide radical (O2.-) with the nitric oxide radical (.NO) that is generated by nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Superoxides 67-69 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 130-151 18716321-0 2008 Targeted increases in endothelial cell superoxide anion production stimulate eNOS-dependent nitric oxide production, not uncoupled eNOS activity. Superoxides 39-55 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 77-81 18579705-1 2008 The aims of the present study were to determine whether superoxide (O(2)(-)) production is enhanced in medullary thick ascending limb (mTAL) of Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats compared with a salt-resistant consomic control strain (SS.13(BN)) and to elucidate the cellular pathways responsible for augmented O(2)(-) production. Superoxides 56-66 talipes Mus musculus 135-139 18579705-1 2008 The aims of the present study were to determine whether superoxide (O(2)(-)) production is enhanced in medullary thick ascending limb (mTAL) of Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats compared with a salt-resistant consomic control strain (SS.13(BN)) and to elucidate the cellular pathways responsible for augmented O(2)(-) production. Superoxides 68-75 talipes Mus musculus 135-139 18579705-1 2008 The aims of the present study were to determine whether superoxide (O(2)(-)) production is enhanced in medullary thick ascending limb (mTAL) of Dahl salt-sensitive (SS) rats compared with a salt-resistant consomic control strain (SS.13(BN)) and to elucidate the cellular pathways responsible for augmented O(2)(-) production. Superoxides 68-73 talipes Mus musculus 135-139 18579705-4 2008 O(2)(-) production was stimulated in mTAL by incrementing superfusate NaCl concentration from 154 to 254 to 500 mM. Superoxides 0-7 talipes Mus musculus 37-41 18579705-5 2008 O(2)(-) production was enhanced in mTAL of SS rats compared with SS.13(BN) rats in response to incrementing bath NaCl. Superoxides 0-7 talipes Mus musculus 35-39 18600366-11 2008 Incremental increases in TNFalpha/TNFR1 expression induces activation and production of superoxide via NAD(P)H oxidase and/or mitochondria respiratory chain, leading to endothelial dysfunction progressing to the development of type II diabetes. Superoxides 88-98 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 25-33 18600366-11 2008 Incremental increases in TNFalpha/TNFR1 expression induces activation and production of superoxide via NAD(P)H oxidase and/or mitochondria respiratory chain, leading to endothelial dysfunction progressing to the development of type II diabetes. Superoxides 88-98 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1b Mus musculus 34-39 18640101-6 2008 Honokiol efficiently scavenged superoxide radicals in xanthine oxidase and cytochrome P-450 cell-free systems with the rate constant 3.2x10(5)M(-1)s(-1), which is similar to reactivity of ascorbic acid but 20-times higher than reactivity of vitamin E analog trolox. Superoxides 31-41 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 75-91 18757424-7 2008 TSP1 causes a significant increase in phorbol ester-mediated superoxide generation from differentiated monocytes by interaction with alpha(6)beta(1) integrin through its NH(2)-terminal region. Superoxides 61-71 thrombospondin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 20443830-3 2008 In this context, superoxide dismutase (SOD) preserves NO in vivo by scavenging superoxide and preventing the consumptive reactions. Superoxides 17-27 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 39-42 18556460-5 2008 Our results show that the chemotactic peptide fMLP primes PMNs to generate O(2)(*-) and overexpress CD11b, both events being central to the inflammatory process, while CORM-3 significantly decreases these events (IC(50)=1.66 microM for O(2)(*-) production; 1.20 microM for CD11b expression in human PMNs). Superoxides 75-79 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 46-50 18556460-5 2008 Our results show that the chemotactic peptide fMLP primes PMNs to generate O(2)(*-) and overexpress CD11b, both events being central to the inflammatory process, while CORM-3 significantly decreases these events (IC(50)=1.66 microM for O(2)(*-) production; 1.20 microM for CD11b expression in human PMNs). Superoxides 236-240 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 46-50 18573333-1 2008 The only known function of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is to catalyze the dismutation of superoxide anion into hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 95-111 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 55-59 18590811-8 2008 Complete inhibition of LPS-stimulated expression of CD11b by catalase, induction of CD11b expression by H2O2 alone, and inhibition of superoxide-stimulated CD11b expression by catalase suggest that H2O2, but not superoxide, is in fact involved in the expression of CD11b. Superoxides 134-144 catalase Homo sapiens 176-184 18678787-3 2008 Levels of the p85-alpha subunit and reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunits, including p47phox, p22phox, and Rac-1, increased in the membrane fraction from arteries treated with D-glucose (20 mmol/L) accompanied by increased intracellular superoxide production. Superoxides 268-278 phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 Homo sapiens 14-23 18678787-6 2008 Therefore, it can be concluded that the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt pathway, in combination with the translocation of p47phox, p22phox, and Rac-1, contributes to the superoxide production induced by high glucose, resulting in the impairment of ATP-sensitive K(+) channel function in the human visceral artery. Superoxides 190-200 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 88-91 18497304-8 2008 ONOO(-) generated by the interaction between exogenous administration of O(2)(*-) and endogenous *NO, or provided by direct injection of ONOO(-), activated the transcription factor NF-kappaB in paw tissues, enhancing expression of the inducible but not the constitutive cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX-2 and COX-1, respectively). Superoxides 73-77 cytochrome c oxidase I, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 303-308 18424077-2 2008 As Ang II is known to increase superoxide production by activating NADPH oxidase in some non-phagocytic cells, we hypothesized that the produced superoxide by NADPH activation could contribute to the regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in keratinocytes. Superoxides 31-41 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 3-9 18424077-2 2008 As Ang II is known to increase superoxide production by activating NADPH oxidase in some non-phagocytic cells, we hypothesized that the produced superoxide by NADPH activation could contribute to the regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in keratinocytes. Superoxides 31-41 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 214-246 18424077-2 2008 As Ang II is known to increase superoxide production by activating NADPH oxidase in some non-phagocytic cells, we hypothesized that the produced superoxide by NADPH activation could contribute to the regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in keratinocytes. Superoxides 145-155 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 3-9 18424077-2 2008 As Ang II is known to increase superoxide production by activating NADPH oxidase in some non-phagocytic cells, we hypothesized that the produced superoxide by NADPH activation could contribute to the regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in keratinocytes. Superoxides 145-155 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 214-246 18424077-2 2008 As Ang II is known to increase superoxide production by activating NADPH oxidase in some non-phagocytic cells, we hypothesized that the produced superoxide by NADPH activation could contribute to the regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in keratinocytes. Superoxides 145-155 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 248-252 18424077-3 2008 OBJECTIVE: We examined whether Ang II could generate superoxide and enhance EGFR expression levels in HaCaT cells. Superoxides 53-63 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 31-37 18424077-6 2008 RESULTS: Ang II (1-100 microM) increased the superoxide formation. Superoxides 45-55 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 9-15 18424077-11 2008 Xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, an exogenous superoxide generating system, enhanced the EGFR protein expression. Superoxides 47-57 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 90-94 18424077-14 2008 CONCLUSION: These results suggest that Ang II enhances the cell proliferation and EGFR expression via superoxide production under the regulation of NO in HaCaT cells, implying that Ang II may regulate the proliferation, differentiation and tumorigenesis of the epidermis by harmonizing the superoxide and NO production. Superoxides 102-112 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 39-45 18424077-14 2008 CONCLUSION: These results suggest that Ang II enhances the cell proliferation and EGFR expression via superoxide production under the regulation of NO in HaCaT cells, implying that Ang II may regulate the proliferation, differentiation and tumorigenesis of the epidermis by harmonizing the superoxide and NO production. Superoxides 102-112 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 82-86 18424077-14 2008 CONCLUSION: These results suggest that Ang II enhances the cell proliferation and EGFR expression via superoxide production under the regulation of NO in HaCaT cells, implying that Ang II may regulate the proliferation, differentiation and tumorigenesis of the epidermis by harmonizing the superoxide and NO production. Superoxides 102-112 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 181-187 18424077-14 2008 CONCLUSION: These results suggest that Ang II enhances the cell proliferation and EGFR expression via superoxide production under the regulation of NO in HaCaT cells, implying that Ang II may regulate the proliferation, differentiation and tumorigenesis of the epidermis by harmonizing the superoxide and NO production. Superoxides 290-300 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 39-45 18424077-14 2008 CONCLUSION: These results suggest that Ang II enhances the cell proliferation and EGFR expression via superoxide production under the regulation of NO in HaCaT cells, implying that Ang II may regulate the proliferation, differentiation and tumorigenesis of the epidermis by harmonizing the superoxide and NO production. Superoxides 290-300 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 181-187 18539650-0 2008 Endothelin-1 regulates cardiac L-type calcium channels via NAD(P)H oxidase-derived superoxide. Superoxides 83-93 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 0-12 18539650-7 2008 In addition, ET-1 significantly increased NAD(P)H oxidase activity and elevated intracellular superoxide levels in cultured cardiac myocytes. Superoxides 94-104 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 13-17 18539650-8 2008 The superoxide generator, xanthine-xanthine oxidase (10 mM, 20 mU/ml), also increased calcium channel NPo in cardiac myocytes, mimicking the effect of ET-1. Superoxides 4-14 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 151-155 18539650-9 2008 These observations provide the first evidence that ET-1 induces the activation of L-type Ca(2+) channels via stimulation of NAD(P)H-derived superoxide production in cardiac myocytes. Superoxides 140-150 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 51-55 18716442-1 2008 Cytoplasmic Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is an antioxidant enzyme that converts superoxide to hydrogen peroxide in cells. Superoxides 18-28 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 40-44 18586098-2 2008 In familial ALS, patients bear mutations in the superoxide dismutase gene (SOD1). Superoxides 48-58 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 75-79 18514074-4 2008 The current study demonstrates that endogenously formed peroxynitrite at nanomolar concentrations, originating from the interaction of *NO and *O2, potently activated PGHS-1, which parallels TxA2 formation and aggregation in human platelets. Superoxides 144-146 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 167-173 18583455-4 2008 Selective activation of the A(3)AR with (2S,3S,4R,5R)-3-amino-5-[6-(2,5-dichlorobenzylamino)purin-9-yl]-4-hydroxytetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid methylamide (CP-532,903) potently inhibited mouse bone marrow neutrophil superoxide generation and chemotaxis induced by various activating agents. Superoxides 220-230 adenosine A3 receptor Mus musculus 28-34 18538674-8 2008 Similarly, treatment with xanthine oxidase, to endogenously generate superoxide, resulted in higher mRNA levels of TGF-beta1 and type I collagen in both normal peritoneal and adhesion fibroblasts. Superoxides 69-79 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 115-124 18538674-9 2008 In contrast, treatment with SOD, to scavenge endogenous superoxide, resulted in a decrease in TGF-beta1 and type I collagen expression in adhesion fibroblasts to levels seen in normal peritoneal fibroblasts; no effect on the expression of these molecules was seen in normal peritoneal fibroblasts. Superoxides 56-66 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 28-31 18538674-9 2008 In contrast, treatment with SOD, to scavenge endogenous superoxide, resulted in a decrease in TGF-beta1 and type I collagen expression in adhesion fibroblasts to levels seen in normal peritoneal fibroblasts; no effect on the expression of these molecules was seen in normal peritoneal fibroblasts. Superoxides 56-66 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 94-103 18438942-0 2008 Early increase of Nox4 NADPH oxidase and superoxide generation following endothelin-1-induced stroke in conscious rats. Superoxides 41-51 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 73-85 18523147-2 2008 U937 cells with a stably transfected repressor of NF-kappaB (IkappaBalpha-S32A/S36A) demonstrated significantly lower superoxide release and lower CYBB and NCF1 gene expression compared with control U937 cells. Superoxides 118-128 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 50-59 18523147-2 2008 U937 cells with a stably transfected repressor of NF-kappaB (IkappaBalpha-S32A/S36A) demonstrated significantly lower superoxide release and lower CYBB and NCF1 gene expression compared with control U937 cells. Superoxides 118-128 NFKB inhibitor alpha Homo sapiens 61-73 18625248-5 2008 ET-1 also induced an increase in ()O(2)(-) production that was inhibited by the NADPH oxidase blocker, apocynin, and by the blockers of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K(+) channels (mK(ATP)), glibenclamide and 5 hydroxydecanoic acid. Superoxides 33-38 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 18505730-1 2008 Rac plays a pivotal role in the assembly of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes. Superoxides 48-58 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 18567710-7 2008 In the presence of Tiron and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-catalase, known to reduce the level of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), second applications of Ang II evoked similarly reduced constrictions, even after high-pressure exposure (29% +/- 4% at 10(-8) M). Superoxides 94-110 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 168-174 18695162-3 2008 Evidence for this includes the fact that mutations of SOD1, which normally reduce the production of toxic superoxide anion, account for 12% to 23% of familial cases in ALS. Superoxides 106-122 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 54-58 18695162-3 2008 Evidence for this includes the fact that mutations of SOD1, which normally reduce the production of toxic superoxide anion, account for 12% to 23% of familial cases in ALS. Superoxides 106-122 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 168-171 18685038-7 2008 Finally, we show that DAP12 and CD11b control the production of microglial superoxide ions, which kill the neurons. Superoxides 75-85 integrin alpha M Mus musculus 32-37 18539754-1 2008 We hypothesized that impaired nitric oxide (NO)-dependent dilation (endothelial dysfunction) in type 2 diabetes results, in part, from elevated production of superoxide (O(2)(*-)) induced by the interaction of advanced glycation end products (AGE)/receptor for AGE (RAGE) and TNF-alpha signaling. Superoxides 158-168 advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor Mus musculus 266-270 18539754-1 2008 We hypothesized that impaired nitric oxide (NO)-dependent dilation (endothelial dysfunction) in type 2 diabetes results, in part, from elevated production of superoxide (O(2)(*-)) induced by the interaction of advanced glycation end products (AGE)/receptor for AGE (RAGE) and TNF-alpha signaling. Superoxides 158-168 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 276-285 18539754-1 2008 We hypothesized that impaired nitric oxide (NO)-dependent dilation (endothelial dysfunction) in type 2 diabetes results, in part, from elevated production of superoxide (O(2)(*-)) induced by the interaction of advanced glycation end products (AGE)/receptor for AGE (RAGE) and TNF-alpha signaling. Superoxides 170-174 advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor Mus musculus 266-270 18539754-1 2008 We hypothesized that impaired nitric oxide (NO)-dependent dilation (endothelial dysfunction) in type 2 diabetes results, in part, from elevated production of superoxide (O(2)(*-)) induced by the interaction of advanced glycation end products (AGE)/receptor for AGE (RAGE) and TNF-alpha signaling. Superoxides 170-174 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 276-285 18583318-0 2008 Superoxide-dependent cathepsin activation is associated with hypertensive myocardial remodeling and represents a target for angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker treatment. Superoxides 0-10 angiotensin II receptor, type 1b Rattus norvegicus 124-154 18583318-8 2008 These data suggest that cathepsins likely trigger and promote cardiac remodeling and that blocking the angiotensin II type 1 receptor attenuates cathepsin expression and activity by inhibiting the production of superoxide by NADPH oxidase, thereby attenuating cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. Superoxides 211-221 angiotensin II receptor, type 1b Rattus norvegicus 103-133 18818569-0 2008 Increased superoxide radical with a decrease in vascular endothelial growth factor and inducible nitric oxide synthase level leads to the progression of left ventricular hypertrophy in a pressure-overload rat heart model. Superoxides 10-28 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 87-118 18971527-2 2008 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) protects the human body from oxidative stress by converting the toxic superoxide anion (O2-) into less toxic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 114-130 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 0-34 18758504-2 2008 Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an antiinflammatory cytokine that stimulates nitric oxide production, decreases superoxide production, and restores endothelial integrity after vascular injury. Superoxides 106-116 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 0-14 18758504-2 2008 Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an antiinflammatory cytokine that stimulates nitric oxide production, decreases superoxide production, and restores endothelial integrity after vascular injury. Superoxides 106-116 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 16-21 18544562-0 2008 Superoxide-mediated proteasomal degradation of Bcl-2 determines cell susceptibility to Cr(VI)-induced apoptosis. Superoxides 0-10 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 47-52 18971527-2 2008 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) protects the human body from oxidative stress by converting the toxic superoxide anion (O2-) into less toxic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 114-130 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 36-42 18971527-2 2008 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) protects the human body from oxidative stress by converting the toxic superoxide anion (O2-) into less toxic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 132-134 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 0-34 18971527-2 2008 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) protects the human body from oxidative stress by converting the toxic superoxide anion (O2-) into less toxic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 132-134 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 36-42 18616952-8 2008 Conversely, a peroxynitrite donor (SIN-1) increased both neutrophil-PMVEC adhesion (38+/-2% vs. 14+/-1% control, p<0.01) and trans-PMVEC neutrophil migration; with both effects were completely inhibited by scavenging of NO, superoxide, or peroxynitrite (p<0.05 for each). Superoxides 227-237 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 35-40 18616579-0 2008 Microcin J25 induces the opening of the mitochondrial transition pore and cytochrome c release through superoxide generation. Superoxides 103-113 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 74-86 19967051-2 2008 Combination of cilostazol (0.3~3 microM) with probucol (0.03~0.3 microM) significantly suppressed TNF-alpha-stimulated NAD(P)H-dependent superoxide, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and TNF-alpha release in comparison with probucol or cilostazol alone. Superoxides 137-147 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 98-107 18538762-0 2008 Superoxide anion mediates angiotensin II-induced potentiation of contractile response to sympathetic stimulation. Superoxides 0-16 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 26-40 18437360-3 2008 In addition, reduced L-arginine availability to iNOS induced by arginase may result in the synthesis of both NO and the superoxide anion by this enzyme, thereby enhancing the production of peroxynitrite, which has procontractile and pro-inflammatory actions. Superoxides 120-136 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 48-52 18298405-1 2008 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an enzymatic component of the antioxidant defense system that protects spermatozoa by catalysing the dismutation of superoxide anions to hydrogen peroxide and oxygen. Superoxides 146-163 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 22-25 18538762-2 2008 This study was designed to investigate the role of superoxide anion in the potentiation effects of angiotensin II. Superoxides 51-67 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 99-113 18538762-7 2008 Angiotensin II increased superoxide production by mesenteric arteries, which was blunted by angiotensin AT(1) receptor antagonist CV-11974, and NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor apocynin. Superoxides 25-35 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-14 18538762-8 2008 Superoxide generating compound pyrogallol mimicked the effects of angiotensin II. Superoxides 0-10 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 66-80 18538762-10 2008 In cultured smooth muscle cells from mesenteric arteries, angiotensin II and superoxide similarly induced ERK phosphorylation. Superoxides 77-87 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 106-109 18538762-11 2008 These results showed that superoxide mediated angiotensin II-induced potentiation of contractile response to EFS and tyrosine kinase-MAPK/ERK activation was involved. Superoxides 26-36 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 46-60 18538762-11 2008 These results showed that superoxide mediated angiotensin II-induced potentiation of contractile response to EFS and tyrosine kinase-MAPK/ERK activation was involved. Superoxides 26-36 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 138-141 18383346-7 2008 As far as mechanisms for oxidative stress defence are concerned, we observed that treatment with IL-1beta+TNFalpha decreases cellular glutathione content and increases glutathione release into the extracellular space while stimulating superoxide anion and nitric oxide production as well as H(2)O(2) release. Superoxides 235-251 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 97-105 18566341-4 2008 Tempol and Apocynin reversed the increased expression of AT1R mRNA, c-Jun mRNA, c-fos mRNA, and superoxide production induced by Ang II. Superoxides 96-106 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 129-135 18632636-6 2008 Using adenovirus-mediated extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) gene transduction to enzymatically decrease O(2)(*-) levels, we showed that in the presence of heparin, adenovirus EC-SOD gene transduction resulted in an increase in the expression of EC-SOD outside the cells with resultant inhibition of cell invasion ability. Superoxides 114-118 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 26-60 18632636-6 2008 Using adenovirus-mediated extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) gene transduction to enzymatically decrease O(2)(*-) levels, we showed that in the presence of heparin, adenovirus EC-SOD gene transduction resulted in an increase in the expression of EC-SOD outside the cells with resultant inhibition of cell invasion ability. Superoxides 114-118 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 62-68 18632636-6 2008 Using adenovirus-mediated extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) gene transduction to enzymatically decrease O(2)(*-) levels, we showed that in the presence of heparin, adenovirus EC-SOD gene transduction resulted in an increase in the expression of EC-SOD outside the cells with resultant inhibition of cell invasion ability. Superoxides 114-118 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 185-191 18632636-6 2008 Using adenovirus-mediated extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) gene transduction to enzymatically decrease O(2)(*-) levels, we showed that in the presence of heparin, adenovirus EC-SOD gene transduction resulted in an increase in the expression of EC-SOD outside the cells with resultant inhibition of cell invasion ability. Superoxides 114-118 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 185-191 18538348-6 2008 In addition, the different susceptibilities to UA-induced IL-1beta release were suggested to be correlated with the amount of superoxide anion (O2-) generated from the 5 different types of Mphi. Superoxides 126-142 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 58-66 18538348-6 2008 In addition, the different susceptibilities to UA-induced IL-1beta release were suggested to be correlated with the amount of superoxide anion (O2-) generated from the 5 different types of Mphi. Superoxides 144-146 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 58-66 18402813-12 2008 Pon1(-/-) mice were also found to show a threefold increase in aortic superoxide production rate (P=.04). Superoxides 70-80 paraoxonase 1 Mus musculus 0-4 18420487-7 2008 In marked contrast, exposure of HRECs to proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta or TNF-alpha increased glucose consumption, mitochondrial superoxide production, ERK and JNK phosphorylation, tyrosine phosphorylation, NF-kappaB activation, and caspase activation. Superoxides 134-144 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 67-75 18420487-7 2008 In marked contrast, exposure of HRECs to proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta or TNF-alpha increased glucose consumption, mitochondrial superoxide production, ERK and JNK phosphorylation, tyrosine phosphorylation, NF-kappaB activation, and caspase activation. Superoxides 134-144 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 79-88 18474831-0 2008 Angiotensin II-dependent superoxide: effects on hypertension and vascular dysfunction. Superoxides 25-35 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-14 18383346-7 2008 As far as mechanisms for oxidative stress defence are concerned, we observed that treatment with IL-1beta+TNFalpha decreases cellular glutathione content and increases glutathione release into the extracellular space while stimulating superoxide anion and nitric oxide production as well as H(2)O(2) release. Superoxides 235-251 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 106-114 18390927-8 2008 HL-60 cells cultured in HG and S100B exhibited a 1.8-fold increase in fMLP-induced superoxide generation compared with those cultured in normal glucose (5.5 mM). Superoxides 83-93 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 31-36 18390927-8 2008 HL-60 cells cultured in HG and S100B exhibited a 1.8-fold increase in fMLP-induced superoxide generation compared with those cultured in normal glucose (5.5 mM). Superoxides 83-93 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 70-74 18480413-1 2008 Small GTPase Rac is a crucial regulator of actin cytoskeletal rearrangement, and it plays an important role in cell spreading, migration, mitogenesis, phagocytosis, superoxide generation, and axonal growth. Superoxides 165-175 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 13-16 18551023-7 2008 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphateoxidase-derived superoxide formation was greater in the hearts of the angiotensin II/high-salt rats than of the angiotensin II/low-salt rats. Superoxides 59-69 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 113-127 18551023-7 2008 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphateoxidase-derived superoxide formation was greater in the hearts of the angiotensin II/high-salt rats than of the angiotensin II/low-salt rats. Superoxides 59-69 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 155-169 18773271-7 2008 CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that iNOS plays a crucial role in nitrosative and oxidative DNA damage in GK rats, suggesting a retinal neurotoxic role of nitric oxide and superoxide in diabetic retinas. Superoxides 179-189 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 44-48 18499466-3 2008 In rat mesencephalic cultures, AII increased 6-OHDA-induced dopaminergic (DA) cell death, generation of superoxide in DA neurons and microglial cells, the expression of NADPH-oxidase mRNA, and the number of reactive microglial cells. Superoxides 104-114 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 31-34 19035120-6 2008 RESULTS: The expression of Cu/Zn SOD was down regulated at both protein and mRNA levels, and the level of superoxide anions increased in the PTEN-null cells (PTEN-/-). Superoxides 106-123 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 27-36 18565815-18 2008 It can be supposed that the hydrogene peroxide produced due to increased expression of superoxide dismutase is metabolized by the induced glutathione-peroxidase and catalase keeping by this the balance of the antioxidant system. Superoxides 87-97 catalase Homo sapiens 165-173 19035120-6 2008 RESULTS: The expression of Cu/Zn SOD was down regulated at both protein and mRNA levels, and the level of superoxide anions increased in the PTEN-null cells (PTEN-/-). Superoxides 106-123 phosphatase and tensin homolog Mus musculus 141-145 19035120-6 2008 RESULTS: The expression of Cu/Zn SOD was down regulated at both protein and mRNA levels, and the level of superoxide anions increased in the PTEN-null cells (PTEN-/-). Superoxides 106-123 phosphatase and tensin homolog Mus musculus 158-162 18479157-4 2008 A combination of the facilitated direct electron transfer and the bifunctional enzymatic catalytic activities of the SOD substantially offers a dual electrochemical approach to determination of O2(*-), in which O2(*-) could be detected both anodically and cathodically. Superoxides 194-196 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 117-120 18491327-10 2008 The majority of the reactive species released by a macrophage are thus likely to be derived from NO* and superoxide (O2*-) co-produced by iNOS. Superoxides 105-115 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 138-142 18479157-4 2008 A combination of the facilitated direct electron transfer and the bifunctional enzymatic catalytic activities of the SOD substantially offers a dual electrochemical approach to determination of O2(*-), in which O2(*-) could be detected both anodically and cathodically. Superoxides 211-213 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 117-120 18491327-10 2008 The majority of the reactive species released by a macrophage are thus likely to be derived from NO* and superoxide (O2*-) co-produced by iNOS. Superoxides 117-121 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 138-142 18523309-6 2008 IL-1beta cleavage is blocked under conditions where superoxide anion formation is blocked or monocytes are treated with antioxidants or a peroxynitrite scavenger. Superoxides 52-68 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 0-8 18440651-6 2008 Superoxide anion generation was measured using the cytochrome c reduction method. Superoxides 0-16 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 51-63 18440651-9 2008 Preincubation with IFN-gamma resulted in enhanced GM-CSF- or IL-5-induced superoxide anion generation and degranulation of human eosinophils, whereas stimulus-induced eosinophil adhesion was unaffected. Superoxides 74-90 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 19-28 18440651-12 2008 Finally, we confirmed that MAPK inhibitors blocked the enhancement of stimuli-induced superoxide anion generation of IFN-gamma treated eosinophils. Superoxides 86-102 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 27-31 18440651-12 2008 Finally, we confirmed that MAPK inhibitors blocked the enhancement of stimuli-induced superoxide anion generation of IFN-gamma treated eosinophils. Superoxides 86-102 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 117-126 18440651-13 2008 In conclusion, IFN-gamma might upregulate ERK, p38, or JNK/ATF-2 phosphorylation induced by GM-CSF or IL-5, leading to enhanced cytokine-induced eosinophil superoxide generation and degranulation. Superoxides 156-166 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 15-24 18440651-13 2008 In conclusion, IFN-gamma might upregulate ERK, p38, or JNK/ATF-2 phosphorylation induced by GM-CSF or IL-5, leading to enhanced cytokine-induced eosinophil superoxide generation and degranulation. Superoxides 156-166 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 55-58 18331617-4 2008 MnSOD +/- and -/- MEFs demonstrated increased superoxide steady-state levels; these fibroblasts failed to exit from the proliferative cycle, and showed increasing cyclin D1 and cyclin B1 protein levels. Superoxides 46-56 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 0-5 18331617-6 2008 Overexpression of MnSOD in MnSOD +/- MEFs suppressed superoxide levels and G(2) accumulation, decreased cyclin B1 protein levels, and facilitated cells" transit into quiescence. Superoxides 53-63 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 18-23 18331617-6 2008 Overexpression of MnSOD in MnSOD +/- MEFs suppressed superoxide levels and G(2) accumulation, decreased cyclin B1 protein levels, and facilitated cells" transit into quiescence. Superoxides 53-63 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 27-32 18331617-8 2008 These results support the hypothesis that MnSOD activity regulates a mitochondrial "ROS-switch" favoring a superoxide-signaling regulating proliferation and a hydrogen peroxide-signaling supporting quiescence. Superoxides 107-117 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 42-47 18408127-8 2008 These findings implicate the immune system in the early endothelial cell dysfunction associated with hypercholesterolemia and are consistent with a mechanism of impaired EDV that is mediated by CD4+ T cells and IFN-gamma, acting through the generation of superoxide from vascular NAD(P)H oxidase. Superoxides 255-265 interferon gamma Mus musculus 211-220 18327972-10 2008 These studies indicate that both superoxide and NO (precursors of peroxynitrite formation) play a significant role in caspase 3 activation in cardiac allograft rejection. Superoxides 33-43 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 118-127 18669246-7 2008 IL-8, in turn, triggered those neutrophils which were isolated from heifers suffering from BRD, and released elastase, ALKP and 5-oxo-ETE, but not MPO or superoxide (O2(-)). Superoxides 166-168 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Bos taurus 0-4 18339714-10 2008 The Ras and Rac1 regulation of superoxide appeared to raise apoptotic activity by activating GSK-3beta and inhibiting Wnt5a/beta-catenin signaling. Superoxides 31-41 Wnt family member 5A Rattus norvegicus 118-123 18569016-4 2008 The results showed that chronic insulin treatment significantly increased the intracellular generation of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical. Superoxides 106-122 insulin Homo sapiens 32-39 18439671-8 2008 Strikingly, TCS-LZ complex, but not LZ or TCS alone, exhibited unique specificity to scavenge superoxide radicals, generated by the natural xanthine/xanthine oxidase coupling system, without affecting the catalytic function of oxidase. Superoxides 94-104 lysozyme Homo sapiens 16-18 18272544-9 2008 Phosphorylation of p53 at site Ser15 and Chk1 at Ser317, as well as accumulation of p21(waf1/cip1), was observed within 8-24 h. Superoxide dismutase and catalase were unable to overcome this G2/M arrest, possibly indicating that neutrophil products other than superoxide or H(2)O(2) are involved in this cellular response. Superoxides 260-270 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 19-22 18354059-8 2008 Selective ER agonists demonstrated that the decrease in mitochondrial superoxide was mediated by ERalpha, not ERbeta. Superoxides 70-80 estrogen receptor 1 Homo sapiens 97-104 18378695-1 2008 The compartmentalized production of superoxide (*O(2)(-)) by endosomal NADPH oxidase is important in the redox-dependent activation of NF-kappaB following interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) stimulation. Superoxides 36-46 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 135-144 18378695-1 2008 The compartmentalized production of superoxide (*O(2)(-)) by endosomal NADPH oxidase is important in the redox-dependent activation of NF-kappaB following interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) stimulation. Superoxides 36-46 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 155-172 18378695-1 2008 The compartmentalized production of superoxide (*O(2)(-)) by endosomal NADPH oxidase is important in the redox-dependent activation of NF-kappaB following interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) stimulation. Superoxides 36-46 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 174-182 18547815-4 2008 Incubation of human neutrophils obtained from peripheral blood of healthy donors with C. laevigata extract (0.75-250 microg/ml) inhibited N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP)-induced superoxide anion generation, elastase release and chemotactic migration with potency values of 43.6, 21.9, and 31.6 microg/ml, respectively. Superoxides 174-190 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 160-164 18385137-1 2008 Human extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is a tetrameric glycoprotein responsible for the removal of superoxide generated in the extracellular space. Superoxides 20-30 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 42-48 18400212-4 2008 In addition, we harvested cerebral microvessels for Western blot analysis of AT1R protein and measured production of superoxide anion by brain tissue under basal conditions and in response to angiotensin II in the absence or presence of losartan. Superoxides 117-133 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 192-206 18367166-4 2008 PL3S significantly inhibited the generation of superoxide anion and the release of elastase in formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine (FMLP)-activated human neutrophils in a concentration-dependent fashion with IC50 values of 3.06+/-0.20 and 3.30+/-0.48 microM, respectively. Superoxides 47-63 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 140-144 18480265-1 2008 Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is an abundant copper/zinc enzyme found in the cytoplasm that converts superoxide into hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. Superoxides 101-111 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-22 18480265-1 2008 Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is an abundant copper/zinc enzyme found in the cytoplasm that converts superoxide into hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. Superoxides 101-111 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 24-28 18480265-9 2008 SOD1 inhibition also increases the steady-state levels of superoxide, which induces protein oxidation in A431 cells but, surprisingly, does not oxidize phosphatases. Superoxides 58-68 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 18480265-10 2008 Thus, SOD1 inhibition in A431 tumor cells results in both prooxidant effects caused by the increase in the levels of superoxide and antioxidant effects caused by lowering the levels of H(2)O(2). Superoxides 117-127 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 6-10 18400212-8 2008 Finally, superoxide production was higher in brain tissue from diabetics compared to nondiabetics under basal conditions, angiotensin II increased superoxide production in nondiabetics and diabetics, and losartan decreased basal (diabetics) and angiotensin II-induced production of superoxide (nondiabetics and diabetics). Superoxides 147-157 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 122-136 18400212-8 2008 Finally, superoxide production was higher in brain tissue from diabetics compared to nondiabetics under basal conditions, angiotensin II increased superoxide production in nondiabetics and diabetics, and losartan decreased basal (diabetics) and angiotensin II-induced production of superoxide (nondiabetics and diabetics). Superoxides 147-157 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 122-136 18347018-3 2008 A direct regulatory interaction of Rac with Nox2 has been proposed as part of a two-step mechanism for regulating electron transfer during superoxide formation. Superoxides 139-149 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 35-38 18480288-7 2008 Whereas LPS failed to kill preOLs in cocultures of microglia and preOLs deficient in inducible NOS (iNOS) or gp91(phox), the catalytic subunit of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase, LPS caused a similar degree of preOL death in mixed glial cultures of wild-type, iNOS-/-, and gp91(phox-/-) mice. Superoxides 150-160 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 100-104 18480288-7 2008 Whereas LPS failed to kill preOLs in cocultures of microglia and preOLs deficient in inducible NOS (iNOS) or gp91(phox), the catalytic subunit of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase, LPS caused a similar degree of preOL death in mixed glial cultures of wild-type, iNOS-/-, and gp91(phox-/-) mice. Superoxides 150-160 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 268-272 18309109-8 2008 STC1 also significantly decreased TNF-alpha-induced superoxide anion production. Superoxides 52-68 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 34-43 18366234-5 2008 On the basis of the above results, the co-induction of the SOD and POD activities to eliminate the superoxide and also hydrogen peroxide as a one-pot reaction was finally performed by using the Mn-HPyP-modified DMPC liposome, resulting in an increase in the efficiency of the elimination of both superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 99-109 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 59-62 18366234-5 2008 On the basis of the above results, the co-induction of the SOD and POD activities to eliminate the superoxide and also hydrogen peroxide as a one-pot reaction was finally performed by using the Mn-HPyP-modified DMPC liposome, resulting in an increase in the efficiency of the elimination of both superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 296-306 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 59-62 18299324-4 2008 Both potassium superoxide and O(2)(*-) generated by xanthine oxidase modestly activated rhIDO, in reactions that were prevented completely by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 30-38 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 142-162 18299324-4 2008 Both potassium superoxide and O(2)(*-) generated by xanthine oxidase modestly activated rhIDO, in reactions that were prevented completely by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 30-38 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 164-167 18299324-5 2008 In contrast, SOD mimetics had no effect on IDO activity in enterocytes and interferon-gamma-treated human cells, despite significantly decreasing cellular O(2)(*-) Similarly, cellular IDO activity was unaffected by increasing SOD activity via co-expression of Cu,Zn-SOD or by increasing cellular O(2)(*-) via treatment of cells with menadione. Superoxides 155-159 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 13-16 18437152-6 2008 RESULTS: N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP)-stimulated superoxide production by neutrophils was significantly increased in women with preeclampsia when compared with the other two groups. Superoxides 67-77 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 50-54 18292390-9 2008 Finally, human macrophages acquire responsiveness to the CXCR2 ligands (IL-8 and Grobeta), as measured by superoxide anion production, after induction of CXCR2 expression by PPAR-gamma ligands. Superoxides 106-122 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 72-88 18041581-13 2008 Taken together, these observations suggest that LacCer species with very long fatty acids are specifically necessary for Lyn-coupled LacCer-enriched lipid raft-mediated neutrophil superoxide generation and migration. Superoxides 180-190 LYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 121-124 18436840-0 2008 C-reactive protein inhibits endothelium-dependent nitric oxide-mediated dilation of retinal arterioles via enhanced superoxide production. Superoxides 116-126 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 0-18 18436840-10 2008 DHE staining showed that CRP produced TEMPOL-sensitive superoxide production in the arteriolar endothelium. Superoxides 55-65 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 25-28 18436840-11 2008 CONCLUSIONS: CRP inhibits endothelium-dependent NO-mediated dilation in retinal arterioles by producing superoxide from NAD(P)H oxidase, which appears to be linked with p38 kinase and RhoA/Rho-kinase activation. Superoxides 104-114 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 13-16 18436840-11 2008 CONCLUSIONS: CRP inhibits endothelium-dependent NO-mediated dilation in retinal arterioles by producing superoxide from NAD(P)H oxidase, which appears to be linked with p38 kinase and RhoA/Rho-kinase activation. Superoxides 104-114 ras homolog family member A Homo sapiens 184-188 18398337-10 2008 CYBA C242T and NOS3 G894T polymorphisms had additive effects on vascular superoxide generation (P = 0.026) and xanthine oxidase activity was increased in patients with CAD (P = 0.043). Superoxides 73-83 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 15-19 18258688-8 2008 Interestingly, when MCF-7 cells are exposed to 17beta-estradiol and superoxide generated by addition of potassium superoxide (KO2) to the cell medium, SOD1 levels are increased and tyrosine nitration, which is an indicator of oxidative stress-induced protein damage, is significantly diminished. Superoxides 68-78 superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Felis catus 151-155 20409900-9 2008 Moreover, it was shown that angiotensin II caused an increase in superoxide ion (O(2)(-.)) Superoxides 65-75 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 28-42 20409900-9 2008 Moreover, it was shown that angiotensin II caused an increase in superoxide ion (O(2)(-.)) Superoxides 81-85 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 28-42 20409900-13 2008 Consequently, in human monocytes angiotensin II caused NHE1 activation through pathways involving isoforms of PKC with the participation of O(2)(-.) Superoxides 140-144 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 33-47 20409900-13 2008 Consequently, in human monocytes angiotensin II caused NHE1 activation through pathways involving isoforms of PKC with the participation of O(2)(-.) Superoxides 140-144 solute carrier family 9 member A1 Homo sapiens 55-59 18258688-4 2008 Surprisingly, the antioxidant enzyme Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), which is known primarily as a scavenger of superoxide, was associated with the DNA-bound receptor. Superoxides 43-53 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 65-69 18222183-7 2008 In mice with iNOS expression, the main contribution to MNIC-MGD decomposition was made by superoxide ions whose destructive effect is mediated by an oxidative mechanism. Superoxides 90-100 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 13-17 18414230-8 2008 The production of O2- by NADPH oxidase contributes to intracellular signaling by LPS in endothelial cells as it does for TNF-alpha and helps turn on the innate immune response in these cells. Superoxides 18-20 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 121-130 18305118-12 2008 This effect is principally mediated by superoxide anion, therefore identifying a new, potentially relevant role of reactive oxygen species in VEGF signaling. Superoxides 39-55 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 142-146 18446057-4 2008 TNF treatment induced rapid accumulation of mitochondrial superoxide (O2-) through the Nox1 NADPH oxidase when cells undergo necrosis. Superoxides 58-68 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 0-3 18446057-4 2008 TNF treatment induced rapid accumulation of mitochondrial superoxide (O2-) through the Nox1 NADPH oxidase when cells undergo necrosis. Superoxides 70-72 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 0-3 18417691-6 2008 Furthermore, superoxide radical formation in mitochondria was increased in SOD1(G93A) astrocytes. Superoxides 13-23 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 75-79 18227068-4 2008 Decreasing superoxide in diabetic mice by either transgenic expression of manganese superoxide dismutase or by administration of an superoxide dismutase mimetic corrected post-ischemic defects in neovascularization, oxygen delivery, and chemokine expression, and normalized tissue survival. Superoxides 11-21 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 74-104 18287332-4 2008 Extracellular superoxide generation induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and increased neutrophil production of the NF-kappaB-dependent cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and macrophage inhibitory protein-2 (MIP-2). Superoxides 14-24 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 69-90 18275859-4 2008 In these Pten-deleted MEFs, the basal levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were increased, and both the basal level and the ROS-induced oxidative damage of DNA were increased, as evidenced by increased levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion, 8-hydroxy-2"-deoxyguanosine, and DNA double-strand breaks. Superoxides 241-257 phosphatase and tensin homolog Mus musculus 9-13 18341341-2 2008 We found that manganous phosphate is unique among those manganous salts studied in its ability to remove superoxide rapidly and catalytically from aqueous solution via a disproportionation mechanism that is entirely different from those of the SOD enzymes. Superoxides 105-115 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 244-247 18387435-0 2008 Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-derived superoxide and vascular endothelial dysfunction in human heart failure. Superoxides 68-78 dual oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 8-59 18387435-7 2008 Superoxide levels were positively correlated with New York Heart Association functional class (r = 0.684; p < 0.05) and CRP (r = 0.501; p < 0.005; n = 32). Superoxides 0-10 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 123-126 18287332-9 2008 These results demonstrate that extracellular superoxide has proinflammatory effects on neutrophils, predominantly acting through an TLR4-dependent mechanism that enhances nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB and increases expression of NF-kappaB-dependent cytokines. Superoxides 45-55 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 196-205 18287332-9 2008 These results demonstrate that extracellular superoxide has proinflammatory effects on neutrophils, predominantly acting through an TLR4-dependent mechanism that enhances nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB and increases expression of NF-kappaB-dependent cytokines. Superoxides 45-55 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 234-243 18287332-4 2008 Extracellular superoxide generation induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and increased neutrophil production of the NF-kappaB-dependent cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and macrophage inhibitory protein-2 (MIP-2). Superoxides 14-24 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 92-101 18287332-4 2008 Extracellular superoxide generation induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and increased neutrophil production of the NF-kappaB-dependent cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and macrophage inhibitory protein-2 (MIP-2). Superoxides 14-24 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 146-155 18287332-4 2008 Extracellular superoxide generation induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and increased neutrophil production of the NF-kappaB-dependent cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and macrophage inhibitory protein-2 (MIP-2). Superoxides 14-24 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 176-203 18287332-4 2008 Extracellular superoxide generation induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and increased neutrophil production of the NF-kappaB-dependent cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and macrophage inhibitory protein-2 (MIP-2). Superoxides 14-24 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 205-214 17869258-13 2008 PMNL priming and fibrinogen levels correlated positively with the severity of hyperlipidemia (r=0.32, P=0.02 for CD11b vs. cholesterol and r=0.38, P=0.009 for CD11b vs. LDL-c; r=0.35, P=0.01 for fibrinogen vs. cholesterol and r=0.3, P=0.03 for superoxide release vs. LDL-c). Superoxides 244-254 fibrinogen beta chain Homo sapiens 17-27 18418428-9 2008 Furthermore, in the VSMC A10 cell line, 8Br-cAMP also restored the Ang II-evoked enhanced production of O(2)(-), NADPH oxidase activity, and enhanced levels of p47(phox) and Nox4 proteins to control levels. Superoxides 104-108 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 67-73 18207366-6 2008 In CAMs transfected with siRNA of ADP-ribosyl cyclase or RyR, this SR O2- production was attenuated. Superoxides 70-72 ryanodine receptor 2 Homo sapiens 57-60 18207366-8 2008 These results provide direct evidence that O2- could be locally produced via NOX on the SR and that this local O2- producing system is controlled by cADPR-RyR/Ca2+ signaling pathway. Superoxides 43-45 ryanodine receptor 2 Homo sapiens 155-158 18207366-8 2008 These results provide direct evidence that O2- could be locally produced via NOX on the SR and that this local O2- producing system is controlled by cADPR-RyR/Ca2+ signaling pathway. Superoxides 111-113 ryanodine receptor 2 Homo sapiens 155-158 18418431-1 2008 Recently, it has been reported that losartan, an angiotensin II receptor (ATR) antagonist, depresses the angiotensin II-induced production of superoxide radicals. Superoxides 142-152 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 49-63 18418431-1 2008 Recently, it has been reported that losartan, an angiotensin II receptor (ATR) antagonist, depresses the angiotensin II-induced production of superoxide radicals. Superoxides 142-152 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 105-119 18206660-9 2008 The results showed that (1) HO-1 is induced in chronic cholestatic liver disease, (2) superoxide anions time- and dose-dependently induce HO-1 activity, (3) HO-1 overexpression inhibits superoxide-anions-induced apoptosis, and (4) CO blocks superoxide-anions-induced JNK phosphorylation and caspase-9, -6, -3 activation and abolishes apoptosis but does not increase necrosis. Superoxides 86-103 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 267-270 18206660-9 2008 The results showed that (1) HO-1 is induced in chronic cholestatic liver disease, (2) superoxide anions time- and dose-dependently induce HO-1 activity, (3) HO-1 overexpression inhibits superoxide-anions-induced apoptosis, and (4) CO blocks superoxide-anions-induced JNK phosphorylation and caspase-9, -6, -3 activation and abolishes apoptosis but does not increase necrosis. Superoxides 86-96 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 267-270 18206660-10 2008 We conclude that HO-1 and CO protect primary hepatocytes against superoxide-anions-induced apoptosis partially via inhibition of JNK activity. Superoxides 65-75 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 129-132 18548979-9 2008 esults: EPO treatment attenuated superoxide release ex vivo and in vivo and promoted PMNL survival ex vivo. Superoxides 33-43 erythropoietin Homo sapiens 8-11 18548979-12 2008 The percent of PMNLs expressing EPO-R was higher before EPO treatment and correlated positively with the rate of superoxide release. Superoxides 113-123 erythropoietin Homo sapiens 32-35 18386220-6 2008 RESULTS: Exogenous XO increased cellular ROS production and caused superoxide-dependent inhibition of Akt phosphorylation and enhancement of p38 MAPK phosphorylation in a time-and dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 67-77 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 102-105 18439101-9 2008 The JNK inhibitor markedly suppressed TNF-alpha-induced and GM-CSF-induced superoxide release. Superoxides 75-85 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 4-7 18439101-10 2008 These findings suggest that JNK1 and JNK2 are involved in TNF-alpha-induced neutrophil apoptosis and GM-CSF-mediated antiapoptotic effect on neutrophils, respectively, and both JNK isoforms are involved in TNF-alpha-induced and GM-CSF-induced superoxide release. Superoxides 243-253 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 28-32 18439101-10 2008 These findings suggest that JNK1 and JNK2 are involved in TNF-alpha-induced neutrophil apoptosis and GM-CSF-mediated antiapoptotic effect on neutrophils, respectively, and both JNK isoforms are involved in TNF-alpha-induced and GM-CSF-induced superoxide release. Superoxides 243-253 mitogen-activated protein kinase 9 Homo sapiens 37-41 18439101-10 2008 These findings suggest that JNK1 and JNK2 are involved in TNF-alpha-induced neutrophil apoptosis and GM-CSF-mediated antiapoptotic effect on neutrophils, respectively, and both JNK isoforms are involved in TNF-alpha-induced and GM-CSF-induced superoxide release. Superoxides 243-253 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 58-67 18203633-2 2008 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD or SOD3) scavenges superoxide is the major catalytic antioxidant in joint fluid and is decreased in OA cartilage. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 36-42 18439101-10 2008 These findings suggest that JNK1 and JNK2 are involved in TNF-alpha-induced neutrophil apoptosis and GM-CSF-mediated antiapoptotic effect on neutrophils, respectively, and both JNK isoforms are involved in TNF-alpha-induced and GM-CSF-induced superoxide release. Superoxides 243-253 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 28-31 18203633-2 2008 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD or SOD3) scavenges superoxide is the major catalytic antioxidant in joint fluid and is decreased in OA cartilage. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 46-50 18083280-11 2008 Overproduction of superoxide anion correlated positively with the level of PMNs apoptosis (measured by cytochrome c release), suggesting that superoxide anion might be an important factor inducing apoptotic death of blood cells. Superoxides 18-34 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 103-115 18083280-11 2008 Overproduction of superoxide anion correlated positively with the level of PMNs apoptosis (measured by cytochrome c release), suggesting that superoxide anion might be an important factor inducing apoptotic death of blood cells. Superoxides 142-158 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 103-115 18298074-2 2008 G-Rh2 significantly suppressed superoxide generation induced by N-formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine (fMLP), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and arachidonic acid (AA) in a concentration-dependent manner. Superoxides 31-41 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 103-107 18298074-3 2008 G-Rh1 showed a comparably lower suppression on fMLP-induced superoxide generation. Superoxides 60-70 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 47-51 18298074-6 2008 FMLP-, PMA-, and AA-induced tyrosyl or serine/threonine phosphorylation and translocation of p47phox, p67phox, and Rac to the plasma membrane were in parallel with the suppression of the stimulus-induced superoxide generation. Superoxides 204-214 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 18507034-12 2008 CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that up-regulation of caveolin-1 by rosiglitazone requires superoxide formation and the activation of Src, EGFR, and the Mek1-Erk1/2 and p38 MAP kinase pathways. Superoxides 93-103 caveolin 1 Homo sapiens 56-66 18171673-3 2008 We found that SOD1 controls cytochrome c-catalyzed peroxidation in vitro when superoxide is available. Superoxides 78-88 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 14-18 18206670-7 2008 XR indeed reduced 9,10-PQ and produced superoxide anion through redox cycling. Superoxides 39-55 dicarbonyl and L-xylulose reductase Homo sapiens 0-2 21731109-7 2008 Redox potentials for structurally-related Co(II) complexes are shown to be cathodically-shifted relative to their Fe(II) analogues, making them ineffective reducing agents for substrates such as superoxide. Superoxides 195-205 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 42-48 18224486-6 2008 Flow cytometry revealed an increase of intracellular superoxide due to BC2 or BC4, which was further increased when hyperthermia was combined. Superoxides 53-63 charged multivesicular body protein 2A Homo sapiens 71-74 18224486-11 2008 These results indicate that the intracellular superoxide generated by BC2 or BC4 is involved in the enhancement of apoptosis through Fas-mitochondria caspase and [Ca2+](i)-dependent pathways, and a decrease in Hsp70 also contributed to the enhancement of apoptosis. Superoxides 46-56 charged multivesicular body protein 2A Homo sapiens 70-73 18239850-1 2008 We have studied the effects of superoxide production after Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) down-regulation by RNA interference. Superoxides 31-41 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 87-91 18096828-4 2008 CRP significantly decreased the expression of ATP-binding membrane cassette transporter A-1 (ABCA1) and ABCG1, whereas it increased superoxide anion production. Superoxides 132-148 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 0-3 18096828-6 2008 Reducing superoxide anion by antioxidant seleno-L-methionine or SOD mimetic (MnTBAP) effectively abolished the CRP-induced decrease in cholesterol efflux and the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1. Superoxides 9-25 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 111-114 18096828-6 2008 Reducing superoxide anion by antioxidant seleno-L-methionine or SOD mimetic (MnTBAP) effectively abolished the CRP-induced decrease in cholesterol efflux and the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1. Superoxides 9-25 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 1 Homo sapiens 186-191 18418435-8 2008 In addition, there was a significant elevation of superoxide anion produced by Hcy-treated cells, which preceded the increased phosphorylation of IkappaBalpha. Superoxides 50-66 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha Mus musculus 146-158 17994107-1 2008 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To analyse the influence of hypertension in the modulation induced by inducible NOS (iNOS)-derived NO and superoxide anion (O(2) (*-)) of vasoconstrictor responses and the sources of O(2) (*-) implicated. Superoxides 148-152 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 109-113 17994107-1 2008 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To analyse the influence of hypertension in the modulation induced by inducible NOS (iNOS)-derived NO and superoxide anion (O(2) (*-)) of vasoconstrictor responses and the sources of O(2) (*-) implicated. Superoxides 207-211 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 94-107 17994107-1 2008 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To analyse the influence of hypertension in the modulation induced by inducible NOS (iNOS)-derived NO and superoxide anion (O(2) (*-)) of vasoconstrictor responses and the sources of O(2) (*-) implicated. Superoxides 207-211 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 109-113 17994107-8 2008 CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Increased O(2) (*-) formation from NADP(H) oxidase in vessels from hypertensive rats contributes to the vasoconstrictor responses and counteract the increase of NO from iNOS and the consequent modulation of these responses. Superoxides 40-49 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 199-203 18301379-3 2008 Recent data have indicated that superoxide generation is dependent on the activation of NADPH oxidases, which form a complex with the adaptor molecules RIP1 and TRADD. Superoxides 32-42 TNFRSF1A associated via death domain Homo sapiens 161-166 18301379-4 2008 The mechanism of superoxide generation further establishes RIP1 as the central molecule in ROS production and cell death initiated by TNFalpha and other death receptors. Superoxides 17-27 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 134-142 18250367-3 2008 Therefore, we hypothesized that NADPH oxidase/superoxide and RhoA/Rho kinase are downstream components of the signal transduction pathway that mediate the interaction between alpha(2)-adrenoceptors and angiotensin II on renal vascular resistance. Superoxides 46-56 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 202-216 18250367-7 2008 In cultured preglomerular vascular smooth muscle cells, UK14,304 enhanced angiotensin II-induced intracellular superoxide (2-hydroxyethidium production) and potentiated activation of RhoA (Western blot of activated RhoA bound to the binding domain of rhotekin). Superoxides 111-121 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 74-88 18250367-8 2008 The interaction between angiotensin II and UK14,304 on superoxide generation and RhoA activation was blocked by inhibitors of phospholipase C (U73312), protein kinase C (GF109203X), c-src (PP1), NADPH oxidase (diphenyleneiodonium), or superoxide (Tempol). Superoxides 235-245 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 24-38 18250367-8 2008 The interaction between angiotensin II and UK14,304 on superoxide generation and RhoA activation was blocked by inhibitors of phospholipase C (U73312), protein kinase C (GF109203X), c-src (PP1), NADPH oxidase (diphenyleneiodonium), or superoxide (Tempol). Superoxides 55-65 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 24-38 18250367-9 2008 We conclude that NADPH oxidase/superoxide and RhoA/Rho kinase are involved in the interaction between alpha(2)-adrenoceptors and angiotensin II on renal vascular resistance by mediating signaling events downstream of the phospholipase C/protein kinase C/c-src pathway. Superoxides 31-41 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 129-143 18250367-8 2008 The interaction between angiotensin II and UK14,304 on superoxide generation and RhoA activation was blocked by inhibitors of phospholipase C (U73312), protein kinase C (GF109203X), c-src (PP1), NADPH oxidase (diphenyleneiodonium), or superoxide (Tempol). Superoxides 55-65 neuropeptide Y receptor Y4 Rattus norvegicus 189-192 18292807-2 2008 Heterodimers of p22(phox) and gp91(phox) proteins constitute the superoxide-producing cytochrome core of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 65-75 dynein cytoplasmic 1 heavy chain 1 Mus musculus 16-19 18292807-7 2008 Thus, p22(phox) represents a shared and essential component of at least 2 superoxide-producing cytochromes with entirely different biological functions. Superoxides 74-84 dynein cytoplasmic 1 heavy chain 1 Mus musculus 6-9 18199822-0 2008 Superoxide-induced potentiation in the hippocampus requires activation of ryanodine receptor type 3 and ERK. Superoxides 0-10 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 104-107 18199822-7 2008 We identified a functional coupling between L-type voltage-gated calcium channels and RyRs and identified RyR3, a subtype enriched in area CA1, as the specific isoform required for superoxide-induced potentiation. Superoxides 181-191 ryanodine receptor 3 Mus musculus 106-110 18199822-8 2008 Superoxide also enhanced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in area CA1, and ERK was necessary for superoxide-induced potentiation. Superoxides 0-10 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 48-85 18199822-8 2008 Superoxide also enhanced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in area CA1, and ERK was necessary for superoxide-induced potentiation. Superoxides 0-10 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 87-90 18199822-8 2008 Superoxide also enhanced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in area CA1, and ERK was necessary for superoxide-induced potentiation. Superoxides 131-141 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 48-85 18199822-8 2008 Superoxide also enhanced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in area CA1, and ERK was necessary for superoxide-induced potentiation. Superoxides 131-141 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 109-112 18199822-9 2008 Thus superoxide-induced potentiation requires the redox targeting of RyR3 and the subsequent activation of ERK. Superoxides 5-15 ryanodine receptor 3 Mus musculus 69-73 18199822-9 2008 Thus superoxide-induced potentiation requires the redox targeting of RyR3 and the subsequent activation of ERK. Superoxides 5-15 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 107-110 18073186-4 2008 We found that the HO-1 upregulation was significantly associated with increased nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation, manifested as IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and p65 nuclear translocation, as well as increased production of superoxides. Superoxides 236-247 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 18-22 18073186-5 2008 Inhibition of the induced HO-1 by zinc protoporphyrin reduced the increased NF-kappaB activation and superoxides production. Superoxides 101-112 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 26-30 18073186-10 2008 This study revealed that simvastatin-induced HO-1 led to increased NF-kappaB activation and superoxides production in the neuronal cells when exposed to LPS, and iron production may play a role in such a response. Superoxides 92-103 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 45-49 18045581-4 2008 The results showed that the treatment of SNE significantly lowered the CCl4-induced serum levels of hepatic enzyme markers (GOT, GPT, ALP, and total bilirubin), superoxide and hydroxyl radical. Superoxides 161-171 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 71-75 18166194-0 2008 Changes in the ratio between FPR and FPRL1 triggered superoxide production in human neutrophils-a tool in analysing receptor specific events. Superoxides 53-63 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 29-32 18166194-1 2008 Neutrophils express the G protein-coupled N-formyl peptide receptor (FPR) as well as its closely related homologue, formyl peptide like receptor 1 (FPRL1), and activation of these receptors induce a release of superoxide anions. Superoxides 210-227 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 42-67 18166194-1 2008 Neutrophils express the G protein-coupled N-formyl peptide receptor (FPR) as well as its closely related homologue, formyl peptide like receptor 1 (FPRL1), and activation of these receptors induce a release of superoxide anions. Superoxides 210-227 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 69-72 18083891-0 2008 Mitochondrial metabolism, redox signaling, and fusion: a mitochondria-ROS-HIF-1alpha-Kv1.5 O2-sensing pathway at the intersection of pulmonary hypertension and cancer. Superoxides 91-93 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 74-84 18077603-3 2008 Cells exhibiting angiotensin II-induced mtDNA damage showed two phases of superoxide generation, the first derived from NAD(P)H oxidase and the second of mitochondrial origin, whereas cells prevented from experiencing mtDNA damage importantly exhibited only the first phase. Superoxides 74-84 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 17-31 18083891-0 2008 Mitochondrial metabolism, redox signaling, and fusion: a mitochondria-ROS-HIF-1alpha-Kv1.5 O2-sensing pathway at the intersection of pulmonary hypertension and cancer. Superoxides 91-93 potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5 Homo sapiens 85-90 18083891-6 2008 Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) converts intramitochondrial superoxide to diffusible H(2)O(2), which serves as a redox-signaling molecule, regulating pulmonary vascular tone and structure through effects on Kv1.5 and transcription factors. Superoxides 58-68 potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5 Homo sapiens 205-210 18083891-7 2008 O(2) sensing is mediated by this mitochondria-ROS-HIF-1alpha-Kv1.5 pathway. Superoxides 0-4 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 50-60 18083891-7 2008 O(2) sensing is mediated by this mitochondria-ROS-HIF-1alpha-Kv1.5 pathway. Superoxides 0-4 potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 5 Homo sapiens 61-66 17988652-0 2008 (2R,3R)-2-(3",4"-dihydroxybenzyl)-3-(3"",4""-dimethoxybenzyl)butyrolactone suppresses fMLP-induced superoxide production by inhibiting fMLP-receptor binding in human neutrophils. Superoxides 99-109 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 86-90 17999630-3 2008 The superoxide dismutases (SOD) are a family of enzymes that play a pivotal role protecting tissues from damage by oxidant stress by scavenging superoxide anion, which prevents the formation of other more potent oxidants such as peroxynitrite and hydroxyl radical. Superoxides 144-160 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 27-30 20103895-1 2008 SDHC E69 cells, which overproduce superoxide anions in their mitochondria, were previously established that had a mutation in the SDHC gene of complex II of the respiratory chain. Superoxides 34-51 succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit C, integral membrane protein Mus musculus 0-4 20103895-1 2008 SDHC E69 cells, which overproduce superoxide anions in their mitochondria, were previously established that had a mutation in the SDHC gene of complex II of the respiratory chain. Superoxides 34-51 succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit C, integral membrane protein Mus musculus 130-134 20103895-3 2008 Cytoplasmic cytochrome c release from mitochondria was significantly elevated in SDHC E69 cells and was likely caused by superoxide anion overproduction from mitochondria. Superoxides 121-137 succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit C, integral membrane protein Mus musculus 81-85 17988652-0 2008 (2R,3R)-2-(3",4"-dihydroxybenzyl)-3-(3"",4""-dimethoxybenzyl)butyrolactone suppresses fMLP-induced superoxide production by inhibiting fMLP-receptor binding in human neutrophils. Superoxides 99-109 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 135-148 17988652-2 2008 Human neutrophils were stimulated with fMLP (1 microM), PMA (100 nM) or leukotriene B(4) (LTB(4); 1 microM) and induced superoxide anion release. Superoxides 120-136 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 39-43 17988652-3 2008 PP-6 specifically inhibited fMLP-induced superoxide anion production in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC(50) value of 0.3+/-0.1 microM. Superoxides 41-57 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 17988652-11 2008 Additionally, the inhibiting effect of PP-6 on fMLP-induced superoxide anion was reversed when PP-6 was washed out. Superoxides 60-76 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 47-51 18360051-2 2008 Angiotensin II (Ang II) induces production of NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent superoxide in vascular and mesangial cells, but the direct role of Ang II in glomerular superoxide production remains unknown. Superoxides 160-170 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-14 17845735-3 2008 PMN, isolated from blood from healthy subjects, were tested upon activation with 1 microm- n-formyl-methyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) for superoxide anion production (ferric cytochrome c reduction) and released elastase (chromogenic test). Superoxides 139-155 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 129-133 17845735-3 2008 PMN, isolated from blood from healthy subjects, were tested upon activation with 1 microm- n-formyl-methyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) for superoxide anion production (ferric cytochrome c reduction) and released elastase (chromogenic test). Superoxides 139-155 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 175-187 18360051-2 2008 Angiotensin II (Ang II) induces production of NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent superoxide in vascular and mesangial cells, but the direct role of Ang II in glomerular superoxide production remains unknown. Superoxides 72-82 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-14 18360051-2 2008 Angiotensin II (Ang II) induces production of NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent superoxide in vascular and mesangial cells, but the direct role of Ang II in glomerular superoxide production remains unknown. Superoxides 160-170 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 16-22 18360051-2 2008 Angiotensin II (Ang II) induces production of NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent superoxide in vascular and mesangial cells, but the direct role of Ang II in glomerular superoxide production remains unknown. Superoxides 72-82 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 16-22 18360051-3 2008 Here we examined the effect of Ang II on superoxide production both ex vivo and in vivo. Superoxides 41-51 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 31-37 18360051-4 2008 Ang II increased superoxide generation in isolated normal glomeruli in a dose-dependent manner, and co-incubation with olmesartan, an angiotensin type 1 receptor blocker, suppressed such increase. Superoxides 17-27 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-6 18360051-12 2008 These results indicate that Ang II directly induced superoxide production through activation of NAD(P)H oxidase, and olmesartan would inhibit superoxide production and oxidative stress independent of its blood pressure-lowering effect. Superoxides 52-62 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 28-34 18219391-2 2008 SOD1 is a cytosolic enzyme that facilitates the conversion of superoxide (O(2)(*-)) to H(2)O(2). Superoxides 62-72 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 0-4 17975109-4 2008 Bradykinin induced vascular superoxide and H2O2 production in an endothelium-dependent manner and elicited a concentration-dependent dilation that was reduced by catalase but not by 14,15-epoxyeicosa-5(Z)-enoic acid (EEZE), 6-(2-propargyloxyphenyl)hexanoic acid, sulfaphenazole, or iberiotoxin. Superoxides 28-38 kininogen 1 Homo sapiens 0-10 18006643-4 2008 Small-molecule Gbetagamma inhibitors suppressed fMLP-stimulated Rac activation, superoxide production, and PI3-kinase activation in differentiated HL60 cells. Superoxides 80-90 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 48-52 18201674-1 2008 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) is the major extracellular scavenger of superoxide (O(2)(.-)) and a main regulator of nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity in the blood vessel wall, heart, lungs, kidney, and placenta. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 36-41 18201674-1 2008 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) is the major extracellular scavenger of superoxide (O(2)(.-)) and a main regulator of nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity in the blood vessel wall, heart, lungs, kidney, and placenta. Superoxides 95-99 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 0-34 18201674-1 2008 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) is the major extracellular scavenger of superoxide (O(2)(.-)) and a main regulator of nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity in the blood vessel wall, heart, lungs, kidney, and placenta. Superoxides 95-99 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 36-41 17977731-8 2008 We also observed that eupafolin can undergo oxidation catalyzed by EDTA-Fe, promoting cytochrome c reduction in the presence of NADH, resulting in the production of the superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 169-187 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 86-98 17967787-5 2008 Inhibiting hemin-induced ERK-1/2 activation by U0126 (MAPK-inhibitor), the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine, the NADPH oxidase inhibitors apocynin and diphenyleneiodonium chloride, the superoxide scavenger tiron, or tricarbonyldichlororuthenium(II)-dimer (carbon-monoxide donor; CORM-2) blocked hemin-induced Egr-1 expression. Superoxides 182-192 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 25-32 17981802-0 2008 Mechanism of angiotensin II-induced superoxide production in cells reconstituted with angiotensin type 1 receptor and the components of NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 36-46 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 13-27 17942638-4 2008 Furthermore, we found that these increases in FGF-2 expression were mediated by increases in superoxide levels via NADPH oxidase activation. Superoxides 93-103 fibroblast growth factor 2 Homo sapiens 46-51 17981802-1 2008 The mechanism of angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced superoxide production was investigated with HEK293 or Chinese hamster ovary cells reconstituted with the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT(1)R) and NADPH oxidase (either Nox1 or Nox2) along with a pair of adaptor subunits (either NOXO1 with NOXA1 or p47(phox) with p67(phox)). Superoxides 49-59 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 17-31 17981802-1 2008 The mechanism of angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced superoxide production was investigated with HEK293 or Chinese hamster ovary cells reconstituted with the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT(1)R) and NADPH oxidase (either Nox1 or Nox2) along with a pair of adaptor subunits (either NOXO1 with NOXA1 or p47(phox) with p67(phox)). Superoxides 49-59 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 33-39 17981802-5 2008 A contribution of Galpha(12/13), phospholipase D, and phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase to Ang II-induced superoxide generation was also suggested, whereas Src and the epidermal growth factor receptor did not appear to participate in this effect of Ang II. Superoxides 103-113 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 88-94 18091741-7 2008 Nuclear translocation of NFkappaB (p65) was noted within 5 min of exposure to H(2)O(2) and at least 15 min after exposure to superoxide or BSO. Superoxides 125-135 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 25-33 17988660-1 2008 OBJECTIVES: Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a key antioxidant enzyme, responsible for scavenging of superoxide anion - a precursor of all reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxides 98-114 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 12-32 18382884-4 2008 Superoxide produced by the NADPH oxidase may react with NO released by the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) thereby generating peroxynitrite (ONOO-), leading to eNOS uncoupling and therefore eNOS-mediated superoxide production. Superoxides 0-10 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 75-108 18382884-4 2008 Superoxide produced by the NADPH oxidase may react with NO released by the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) thereby generating peroxynitrite (ONOO-), leading to eNOS uncoupling and therefore eNOS-mediated superoxide production. Superoxides 213-223 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 75-108 17988660-1 2008 OBJECTIVES: Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a key antioxidant enzyme, responsible for scavenging of superoxide anion - a precursor of all reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxides 98-114 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 34-37 18328147-4 2008 When challenged with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), RA neutrophils exhibited reduced responses to these cytokines, which included O2- release, adherence, priming for enhanced O2- release, and phosphorylation of ERK and p38. Superoxides 271-273 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 107-134 18328147-4 2008 When challenged with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), RA neutrophils exhibited reduced responses to these cytokines, which included O2- release, adherence, priming for enhanced O2- release, and phosphorylation of ERK and p38. Superoxides 226-228 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 107-134 18328147-4 2008 When challenged with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), RA neutrophils exhibited reduced responses to these cytokines, which included O2- release, adherence, priming for enhanced O2- release, and phosphorylation of ERK and p38. Superoxides 226-228 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 136-145 18328147-4 2008 When challenged with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), RA neutrophils exhibited reduced responses to these cytokines, which included O2- release, adherence, priming for enhanced O2- release, and phosphorylation of ERK and p38. Superoxides 271-273 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 136-145 18289003-3 2008 Reactive oxygen species (ROS) (e.g., superoxide, peroxynitrite, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide) are all potential reactants capable of initiating DNA single strand breakage, with subsequent activation of the nuclear enzyme poly (ADP ribose) synthetase (PARS), leading to eventual severe energy depletion of the cells, and necrotic-type cell death. Superoxides 37-47 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 231-259 17996868-0 2008 Endothelin-1 (ET-1) causes death of retinal neurons through activation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and production of superoxide anion. Superoxides 120-136 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-12 17901229-6 2008 In situ detection of O(2)(-) production showed a significant elevation at 1-2 h after pMCAO in the ischemic cortex with enhanced oxidative damage detected at 24 h. ERK activation may be downstream of free radicals, a suggestion supported by the findings that cells positive for O(2)(-) had high pERK activation and that a superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic, tempol, significantly attenuated pERK activation after MCAO. Superoxides 21-25 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 164-167 17901229-6 2008 In situ detection of O(2)(-) production showed a significant elevation at 1-2 h after pMCAO in the ischemic cortex with enhanced oxidative damage detected at 24 h. ERK activation may be downstream of free radicals, a suggestion supported by the findings that cells positive for O(2)(-) had high pERK activation and that a superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic, tempol, significantly attenuated pERK activation after MCAO. Superoxides 278-282 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 164-167 17996868-0 2008 Endothelin-1 (ET-1) causes death of retinal neurons through activation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and production of superoxide anion. Superoxides 120-136 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 14-18 17996868-3 2008 In the present study, we evaluated the effect of ET-1 on death of retinal neurons consisting mainly of amacrine cells, and its interaction with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and superoxide production. Superoxides 176-186 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 49-53 17996868-11 2008 The intracellular superoxide and peroxynitrite levels were also significantly increased 24h after incubation with 100nM of ET-1, and this elevation was suppressed by SOD and L-NAME. Superoxides 18-28 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 123-127 17996868-13 2008 These results indicate that the neuronal death caused by ET-1 is most likely mediated by the activation of NOS in association with the formation of superoxides and peroxynitrite. Superoxides 148-159 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 57-61 18036868-1 2008 The NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase (NOX) of "professional" phagocytic cells transfers electrons across the wall of the phagocytic vacuole, forming superoxide in the lumen. Superoxides 176-186 dual oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 11-63 18504401-6 2008 Superoxide generation was quantitated with the cytochrome C reduction method. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 47-59 18358763-1 2008 Complex I, i.e. proton-pumping NADH:quinone oxidoreductase, is an essential component of the mitochondrial respiratory chain but produces superoxide as a side-reaction. Superoxides 138-148 crystallin zeta Rattus norvegicus 36-58 19013355-13 2008 Selenium induces apoptosis by producing superoxide that activates p53. Superoxides 40-50 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 66-69 17891450-8 2008 These findings demonstrate that D3T reacts with thiols, particularly a dithiol, generating superoxide, which may provide a mechanistic explanation for induction of Nrf2-dependent phase 2 enzymes by D3T. Superoxides 91-101 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 164-168 18160945-2 2008 Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) are the main enzymes responsible for the detoxification of superoxide anion. Superoxides 119-135 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 33-53 18160945-2 2008 Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) are the main enzymes responsible for the detoxification of superoxide anion. Superoxides 119-135 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 55-58 17920716-7 2008 This finding should be useful for our understanding of the response of NO and free radicals such as *OH and O(2)(-) in the mPFC after central and peripheral administration of IL-1beta. Superoxides 108-113 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 175-183 18063869-2 2008 Erythrocyte catalase (CAT) and cellular glutathione peroxidase (c-GPx) are antioxidant enzymes that detoxify peroxides generated from dismutation of superoxide anion. Superoxides 149-165 catalase Homo sapiens 12-20 18063869-2 2008 Erythrocyte catalase (CAT) and cellular glutathione peroxidase (c-GPx) are antioxidant enzymes that detoxify peroxides generated from dismutation of superoxide anion. Superoxides 149-165 catalase Homo sapiens 22-25 18925374-11 2008 The fifth section of this chapter briefly summarizes three different cellular processes in which CRN4/CORO1A is involved, namely actin-binding, superoxide generation and Ca(2+)-signaling and refers to the largely unexplored mammalian coronins CRN5/CORO2A and CRN6/CORO2B, the latter binding to vinculin. Superoxides 144-154 coronin 1A Homo sapiens 102-108 18289643-11 2008 The involvement of the PI3 kinase/Akt pathway in neutrophil superoxide production was revealed by using LY294002 in isolated neutrophils/platelets experiments, as well as during whole blood aggregation-mediated neutrophil-platelet conjugation. Superoxides 60-70 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 34-37 18160853-3 2007 Considering previous observation of superoxide generation by Ca2+ influx through P2X7R in microglia, we hypothesized that ROS production in fAbeta-stimulated microglia might be mediated by ATP released from the microglia. Superoxides 36-46 purinergic receptor P2X 7 Homo sapiens 81-86 18374196-5 2008 Upon treatment of ovarian cancer TYK-nu cells with vitamin K2, superoxide is produced after two to three days, followed shortly thereafter by release of mitochondrial cytochrome c. Superoxides 63-73 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 167-179 17962626-1 2007 OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that IL-6 mediates the increases in superoxide, vascular hypertrophy, and endothelial dysfunction in response to angiotensin II (Ang II). Superoxides 97-107 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 66-70 18374196-7 2008 Data suggest that superoxide production might cause damage to mitochondrial membranes, open permeability transition pores, and result in disruption of DeltaPsim with subsequent release of cytochrome c. Superoxides 18-28 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 188-200 18056392-6 2007 Engagement of CD66b, but not CD66a, by mAb or a natural ligand, galectin-3, activated a Src kinase family molecule, hemopoietic cell kinase (Hck), and induced cellular adhesion, superoxide production, and degranulation of eosinophils. Superoxides 178-188 CEA cell adhesion molecule 8 Homo sapiens 14-19 17977674-4 2007 SIN-1(3-morpholino-sydnonimine), which leads to the simultaneous generation of superoxide anion and NO, and then forms the highly reactive species ONOO(-), induced a dose-dependent inhibition in amplitudes of transient potassium currents (I(A)) and delayed rectifier potassium currents (I(K)). Superoxides 79-95 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 17827253-6 2007 We found that overexpression of HSP90 significantly increased the shear-stimulated association of HSP90 with eNOS and led to significant increases in NO production and reduced NOS-dependent superoxide generation. Superoxides 190-200 NOS type III Ovis aries 109-113 17827253-9 2007 Our data indicate that HSP90-eNOS interactions were decreased in shunt lambs and that this was associated with decreased NO generation and an increase in eNOS-dependent generation of superoxide. Superoxides 183-193 NOS type III Ovis aries 29-33 17827253-9 2007 Our data indicate that HSP90-eNOS interactions were decreased in shunt lambs and that this was associated with decreased NO generation and an increase in eNOS-dependent generation of superoxide. Superoxides 183-193 NOS type III Ovis aries 154-158 17827253-10 2007 Together, our data support a significant role for HSP90 in promoting NO generation and inhibiting superoxide generation by eNOS and indicate that the disruption of this interaction may be involved in the endothelial dysfunction associated with pulmonary hypertension. Superoxides 98-108 NOS type III Ovis aries 123-127 17883332-6 2007 Selective expression of HO-1 prevented TNF- and hyperglycemia-mediated superoxide (O2-) formation, DNA degeneration, and upregulation of caspase, but increased the expression of pAkt and Bcl-xL, proteins responsible for endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. Superoxides 71-81 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 39-42 17883332-6 2007 Selective expression of HO-1 prevented TNF- and hyperglycemia-mediated superoxide (O2-) formation, DNA degeneration, and upregulation of caspase, but increased the expression of pAkt and Bcl-xL, proteins responsible for endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. Superoxides 83-85 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 39-42 17962626-1 2007 OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that IL-6 mediates the increases in superoxide, vascular hypertrophy, and endothelial dysfunction in response to angiotensin II (Ang II). Superoxides 97-107 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 174-188 17962626-1 2007 OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that IL-6 mediates the increases in superoxide, vascular hypertrophy, and endothelial dysfunction in response to angiotensin II (Ang II). Superoxides 97-107 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 190-196 17962626-7 2007 CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that IL-6 is essential for Ang II-induced increases in superoxide, endothelial dysfunction, and vascular hypertrophy. Superoxides 91-101 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 41-45 17962626-7 2007 CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that IL-6 is essential for Ang II-induced increases in superoxide, endothelial dysfunction, and vascular hypertrophy. Superoxides 91-101 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 63-69 17989922-0 2007 The interaction of superoxide with nitric oxide destabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha. Superoxides 19-29 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 61-92 17256105-8 2007 This result may provide further support to the idea that AFP is a bifunctional protein, acting in cellular defence against oxidative stress both as a copper buffer and as a superoxide radical scavenger. Superoxides 173-183 alpha fetoprotein Homo sapiens 57-60 17989922-4 2007 A prerequisite for O(2)(-) in combination with NO to destabilize HIF-1alpha was corroborated in RCC4-rho0 cells, when the redox cycler 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone was used as a source of superoxide. Superoxides 19-24 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 65-75 17989922-4 2007 A prerequisite for O(2)(-) in combination with NO to destabilize HIF-1alpha was corroborated in RCC4-rho0 cells, when the redox cycler 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone was used as a source of superoxide. Superoxides 192-202 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 65-75 18344628-1 2007 Elevated superoxide formation in cardiac extracts of apolipoprotein E-knockout (apoE-KO) mice has been reported. Superoxides 9-19 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 53-69 17927981-3 2007 We demonstrate that overexpression of SOD2 decreases superoxide (O(2)(-)) in cultured primary dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and subsequently blocks caspase-3 activation and cellular injury. Superoxides 53-63 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 38-42 17927981-3 2007 We demonstrate that overexpression of SOD2 decreases superoxide (O(2)(-)) in cultured primary dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and subsequently blocks caspase-3 activation and cellular injury. Superoxides 65-69 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 38-42 17927981-4 2007 Underexpression of SOD2 in dissociated DRG cultures from adult SOD2(+/-) mice results in increased levels of O2-, activation of caspase-3 cleavage and decreased neurite outgrowth under basal conditions that are exacerbated by hyperglycemia. Superoxides 109-111 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 19-23 18344628-1 2007 Elevated superoxide formation in cardiac extracts of apolipoprotein E-knockout (apoE-KO) mice has been reported. Superoxides 9-19 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 80-84 17653758-4 2007 Superoxide production and NOX activity were inhibited by diphenylene iodonium chloride, a specific inhibitor of NOX, which in turn effectively inhibited wound-healing and increased susceptibility to microbial infection and decay in 1-month-old tubers. Superoxides 0-10 respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein D Solanum tuberosum 112-115 17893865-5 2007 For example, 1"-acetoxychavicol acetate, which occurs in the rhizomes of the subtropical Zingiberaceae plant, has been shown to attenuate NOX-derived superoxide generation in macrophages, as well as lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide and prostaglandin E(2) production through the suppression of iNOS and COX-2 synthesis, respectively. Superoxides 150-160 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 300-304 17893865-5 2007 For example, 1"-acetoxychavicol acetate, which occurs in the rhizomes of the subtropical Zingiberaceae plant, has been shown to attenuate NOX-derived superoxide generation in macrophages, as well as lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide and prostaglandin E(2) production through the suppression of iNOS and COX-2 synthesis, respectively. Superoxides 150-160 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 309-314 17942113-6 2007 Pretreatment with sepiapterin, a BH4 precursor, prevented CRP-mediated effects on BH(4) levels, superoxide production as well as eNOS activity. Superoxides 96-106 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 58-61 17942113-10 2007 Furthermore, CRP-induced O(2)(-) production was reversed by pharmacologic inhibition and siRNAs to p47 phox and p22 phox. Superoxides 25-32 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 13-16 17942113-12 2007 The pretreatment of cells with NO synthase inhibitor (N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester [l-NAME]) also prevented CRP-mediated O(2)(-) production further strengthening CRP-mediated eNOS uncoupling. Superoxides 124-128 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 111-114 17942113-12 2007 The pretreatment of cells with NO synthase inhibitor (N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester [l-NAME]) also prevented CRP-mediated O(2)(-) production further strengthening CRP-mediated eNOS uncoupling. Superoxides 124-128 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 165-168 17942113-15 2007 To conclude, CRP uncouples eNOS resulting in increased superoxide production, decreased NO production and altered eNOS phosphorylation. Superoxides 55-65 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 13-16 17826739-7 2007 On further investigation, we found that OsAPX1-, OsAPX2-, and OsSodB-scavenging free-oxygen radicals, such as superoxide (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), could be induced in AtNDPK2-overexpressed rice plants. Superoxides 110-120 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 181-188 17826739-7 2007 On further investigation, we found that OsAPX1-, OsAPX2-, and OsSodB-scavenging free-oxygen radicals, such as superoxide (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), could be induced in AtNDPK2-overexpressed rice plants. Superoxides 122-124 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 181-188 17884970-6 2007 Vascular production of superoxide radicals and the expression of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunits were decreased in APJ(-/-)ApoE(-/-) mice compared with APJ(+/+)ApoE(-/-) mice fed a standard normal diet. Superoxides 23-33 apelin receptor Mus musculus 144-147 17854274-0 2007 MKK6 phosphorylation regulates production of superoxide by enhancing Rac GTPase activity. Superoxides 45-55 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6 Homo sapiens 0-4 17873009-8 2007 Sorbitol significantly increased arterial superoxide production detected by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence, which was inhibited by SOD plus CAT. Superoxides 42-52 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 137-140 17873009-8 2007 Sorbitol significantly increased arterial superoxide production detected by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence, which was inhibited by SOD plus CAT. Superoxides 42-52 catalase Homo sapiens 146-149 17873019-10 2007 The decreased superoxide production was associated with significant increases in CuZn-SOD and extracellular SOD protein expressions and total SOD activity. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 81-111 17873019-10 2007 The decreased superoxide production was associated with significant increases in CuZn-SOD and extracellular SOD protein expressions and total SOD activity. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 86-89 17678635-11 2007 Treatment with a SOD mimetic compound, MnTBAP, prevented superoxide-induced cardiac pathological changes in PPARgamma knockout mice. Superoxides 57-67 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 17-20 17698051-1 2007 Peptide hormone Angiotensin II (Ang II) activates NAD(P)H oxidase, via AT1 receptors leading to increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as the superoxide anion (O(2)(-)). Superoxides 163-179 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 16-30 17698051-1 2007 Peptide hormone Angiotensin II (Ang II) activates NAD(P)H oxidase, via AT1 receptors leading to increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as the superoxide anion (O(2)(-)). Superoxides 163-179 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 32-38 17698051-1 2007 Peptide hormone Angiotensin II (Ang II) activates NAD(P)H oxidase, via AT1 receptors leading to increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as the superoxide anion (O(2)(-)). Superoxides 181-185 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 16-30 17698051-1 2007 Peptide hormone Angiotensin II (Ang II) activates NAD(P)H oxidase, via AT1 receptors leading to increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as the superoxide anion (O(2)(-)). Superoxides 181-185 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 32-38 17704302-8 2007 In addition, we found that in parallel with the restoration of decreased S-nitrosylation of NF-kappaB, high glucose-induced NF-kappaB activation was blocked by the superoxide inhibitors. Superoxides 164-174 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 92-101 17704302-8 2007 In addition, we found that in parallel with the restoration of decreased S-nitrosylation of NF-kappaB, high glucose-induced NF-kappaB activation was blocked by the superoxide inhibitors. Superoxides 164-174 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 124-133 17975262-1 2007 Angiotensin II (Ang II) highly stimulates superoxide anion production by neutrophils. Superoxides 42-58 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-22 17223222-5 2007 PM vesicles were isolated from roots, and NADPH oxidase activity was determined by measuring superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) production. Superoxides 93-109 respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein A Triticum aestivum 42-55 17223222-5 2007 PM vesicles were isolated from roots, and NADPH oxidase activity was determined by measuring superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) production. Superoxides 111-116 respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein A Triticum aestivum 42-55 17712041-3 2007 To protect endothelium against superoxide attack, we designed and tested antibody-directed targeting of superoxide dismutase (SOD) to the endothelial surface determinant, platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM)-1. Superoxides 31-41 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 104-124 17712041-3 2007 To protect endothelium against superoxide attack, we designed and tested antibody-directed targeting of superoxide dismutase (SOD) to the endothelial surface determinant, platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM)-1. Superoxides 31-41 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 126-129 17712041-4 2007 We synthesized anti-PECAM/SOD conjugates that retained 70% of enzymatic activity (superoxide anion dismutation) and specifically bound to endothelial cells, but not PECAM-negative cells. Superoxides 82-98 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 26-29 17712041-6 2007 In the first model, anti-PECAM/SOD, but not unconjugated SOD, protected endothelial cells against injury caused by superoxide produced in the medium by hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase. Superoxides 115-125 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 31-34 17712041-8 2007 In the second model, anti-PECAM/SOD at the optimal dose provided complete protection against necrosis caused by paraquat-induced intracellular superoxide generation. Superoxides 143-153 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 32-35 17991144-8 2007 RESULTS: We found that human C5a was able to induce chemotaxis, superoxide generation, actin cytoskeletal change, and intracellular calcium mobilization in porcine PMNs. Superoxides 64-74 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 29-32 17686539-6 2007 It was also reported that UCP1, 2 and 3 responses to superoxide application were an antioxidant protective mechanism. Superoxides 53-63 uncoupling protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 26-39 17875351-7 2007 The present study showed that the signal intensity of superoxide adduct was increased by 20mg/kg of methamphetamine in the heart and lungs, and methamphetamine plus morphine tended to increase superoxide adduct in all of the tissues measured by ESR spin trap methods. Superoxides 54-64 esterase 5 regulator Mus musculus 245-248 17937792-1 2007 BACKGROUND: Human extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is a tetrameric metalloenzyme responsible for the removal of superoxide anions from the extracellular space. Superoxides 123-140 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 18-52 17937792-1 2007 BACKGROUND: Human extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is a tetrameric metalloenzyme responsible for the removal of superoxide anions from the extracellular space. Superoxides 123-140 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 54-60 17717013-13 2007 Superoxide was increased in aorta (measured using lucigenin and hydroethidine) after LPS, and levels of superoxide were significantly reduced following ECSOD but not ECSOD(R213G). Superoxides 104-114 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 152-157 17717013-14 2007 Thus, ECSOD reduces superoxide and improves relaxation to acetylcholine in the aorta after LPS, while the ECSOD variant R213G had minimal effect. Superoxides 20-30 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 6-11 17616751-7 2007 Furthermore, three different inhibitors of NO synthase suppressed, in a dose-dependent manner, ANG II-induced MAP kinase phosphorylation in rat vascular smooth muscle cells, which was closely linked to superoxide generation in cells. Superoxides 202-212 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 95-101 19093460-2 2007 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalyzes the conversion of superoxide radical to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and molecular oxygen (O2) thus providing a biological defense against oxygen toxicity. Superoxides 55-73 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 19093460-2 2007 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalyzes the conversion of superoxide radical to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and molecular oxygen (O2) thus providing a biological defense against oxygen toxicity. Superoxides 55-73 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 17652361-1 2007 We studied whether angiotensin II (ANG II) via superoxide may contribute to retinal leukostasis and thus to the pathogenesis of retinopathies. Superoxides 47-57 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 19-33 17652361-1 2007 We studied whether angiotensin II (ANG II) via superoxide may contribute to retinal leukostasis and thus to the pathogenesis of retinopathies. Superoxides 47-57 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 35-41 17652361-7 2007 In addition, incubation of dihydroethidium-loaded retina sections with ANG II caused marked increase in superoxide formation. Superoxides 104-114 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 71-77 17652361-10 2007 Thus increases in intravitreal ANG II can induce retinal leukostasis, which appears to be mediated via increasing superoxide generation by NAD(P)H oxidase, and by VEGF. Superoxides 114-124 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 31-37 17928673-2 2007 Because it had some advantages in stability and reactivity over conventional spin-trapping agents, we applied it to the ESR analyses of superoxide anion radical scavenging activity (SOSA) of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and of well-known natural antioxidants (green tea, oolong tea, and red wine). Superoxides 136-160 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 191-211 17685851-1 2007 Besides nitric oxide (NO), NO synthases (NOS) also produce superoxide ((*)O(2)()), a primary reactive oxygen species involved in both cell injury and signaling. Superoxides 59-69 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 27-39 17692291-3 2007 We have compared the effects of piroxicam on superoxide production mediated by two closely related G-protein coupled receptors expressed on neutrophils, the formyl peptide receptor (FPR) and the formyl peptide receptor like 1 (FPRL1). Superoxides 45-55 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 157-180 17692291-5 2007 Piroxicam reduced the neutrophil superoxide production induced by the FPR agonist but had no significant effect on the FPRL1 induced response. Superoxides 33-43 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 70-73 17928673-2 2007 Because it had some advantages in stability and reactivity over conventional spin-trapping agents, we applied it to the ESR analyses of superoxide anion radical scavenging activity (SOSA) of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and of well-known natural antioxidants (green tea, oolong tea, and red wine). Superoxides 136-160 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 213-216 17822438-0 2007 Myocyte enhancer factor 2B is involved in the inducible expression of NOX1/NADPH oxidase, a vascular superoxide-producing enzyme. Superoxides 101-111 myocyte enhancer factor 2B Rattus norvegicus 0-26 17822438-8 2007 These results indicate that superoxide production in vascular smooth muscle cells is regulated by the ATF-1-MEF2B cascade by induction of the expression of the NOX1 gene. Superoxides 28-38 myocyte enhancer factor 2B Rattus norvegicus 108-113 17559999-6 2007 In the absence of metals, quercetin protects SH-groups of GAPDH from oxidation by the superoxide anion generated by the system containing xanthine/xanthine oxidase. Superoxides 86-102 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 58-63 17719272-6 2007 PVN microinjection of tempol decreased superoxide anion and MDA levels, but epicardial application of bradykinin or PVN microinjection of angiotensin II increased superoxide anion and MDA to higher levels in CHF rats than in sham-operated rats. Superoxides 163-179 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 138-152 17761303-10 2007 EPR spin trapping experiments using DMPO show that PPD inhibits the superoxide radical scavenging activity of oxidized cyt c. Superoxides 68-78 argonaute RISC catalytic component 2 Homo sapiens 51-54 17761303-10 2007 EPR spin trapping experiments using DMPO show that PPD inhibits the superoxide radical scavenging activity of oxidized cyt c. Superoxides 68-78 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 119-124 17664391-5 2007 Angiotensin II induced B1 receptor expression in the aorta and increased significantly systolic blood pressure, superoxide anion, and the nuclear factor kappaB activity. Superoxides 112-128 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-14 17654704-0 2007 MAC1 mediates LPS-induced production of superoxide by microglia: the role of pattern recognition receptors in dopaminergic neurotoxicity. Superoxides 40-50 integrin alpha M Mus musculus 0-4 17654704-2 2007 Using neuron-glia and microglia-enriched cultures from mice deficient in the MAC1 receptor (MAC1-/-), we demonstrate that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment results in lower TNFalpha response, attenuated loss of DA neurons, and absence of extracellular superoxide production in MAC1-/- cultures. Superoxides 253-263 integrin alpha M Mus musculus 77-81 17654704-7 2007 Together, these data demonstrate that MAC1 is essential for LPS-induced superoxide from microglia, implicating MAC1 as a critical trigger of microglial-derived oxidative stress during inflammation-mediated neurodegeneration. Superoxides 72-82 integrin alpha M Mus musculus 38-42 17664391-9 2007 These results provide evidence that angiotensin II induces B1 receptor expression in aorta by superoxide anion generation, via reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, concomitant to nuclear factor kappaB activation. Superoxides 94-110 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 36-50 17679649-8 2007 Bilirubin also concentration-dependently reduced NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production stimulated by angiotensin II in rat vascular smooth muscle cells and by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate in human neutrophil-like HL-60 cells. Superoxides 73-83 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 109-123 17875676-10 2007 Hypertension also increased T lymphocyte production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, and treatment with the TNFalpha antagonist etanercept prevented the hypertension and increase in vascular superoxide caused by angiotensin II. Superoxides 196-206 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 113-121 17638298-6 2007 Additionally, the thalamus was found to have an increase in the amount of a potent antioxidant enzyme, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), which may be in response to an increase in deleterious superoxide radicals. Superoxides 113-123 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 135-140 17653133-8 2007 Using this assay, we found that both superoxide and nitric oxide inhibit renal cortical DDAH activity in vitro. Superoxides 37-47 dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 Homo sapiens 88-92 17532618-0 2007 A sensor for superoxide in aqueous and organic/aqueous media based on immobilized cytochrome c on binary self-assembled monolayers. Superoxides 13-23 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 82-94 17984584-0 2007 Costimulatory effects of complement receptor type 3 and Fc receptor for IgG (FcgammaR) on superoxide production and signal transduction in bovine neutrophils. Superoxides 90-100 Fc gamma receptor and transporter Bos taurus 56-67 17532618-1 2007 A method for the electrochemical detection of superoxide radical was developed, based on cytochrome c (cyt c) immobilized on the binary self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of thioctic acid (T-COOH) and thioctic amide (T-NH2) on gold electrode. Superoxides 46-64 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 89-101 17532618-1 2007 A method for the electrochemical detection of superoxide radical was developed, based on cytochrome c (cyt c) immobilized on the binary self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of thioctic acid (T-COOH) and thioctic amide (T-NH2) on gold electrode. Superoxides 46-64 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 103-108 17532618-2 2007 The sensor works by electrochemically detecting cyt c reduced by the superoxide radical generated by a xanthine-XOD system. Superoxides 69-87 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 48-53 17960110-2 2007 The present investigation asks whether lambda-crystallin enhances NADH photo-oxidation by superoxide radicals produced via a photosensitization reaction of near-UV with NADH. Superoxides 90-100 lambda-crystallin Oryctolagus cuniculus 39-56 17960110-9 2007 We also found that lambda-crystallin largely increased NADH oxidation by a superoxide that is generated enzymatically. Superoxides 75-85 lambda-crystallin Oryctolagus cuniculus 19-36 17960110-10 2007 These results indicate that NADH bound to lambda-crystallin rapidly reacts with superoxides. Superoxides 80-91 lambda-crystallin Oryctolagus cuniculus 42-59 17960110-12 2007 However, lambda-crystallin-enhanced NADH oxidation exceeded the superoxide levels generated by NADH photosensitization and xanthine/xanthine oxidase. Superoxides 64-74 lambda-crystallin Oryctolagus cuniculus 9-26 17960110-13 2007 CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that NADH binding to lambda-crystallin enhances NADH photo-oxidation through a radical chain reaction mechanism that is initiated by superoxides generated by NADH photosensitization and propagated by another superoxide from the molecule oxygen. Superoxides 158-169 lambda-crystallin Oryctolagus cuniculus 46-63 17960110-13 2007 CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that NADH binding to lambda-crystallin enhances NADH photo-oxidation through a radical chain reaction mechanism that is initiated by superoxides generated by NADH photosensitization and propagated by another superoxide from the molecule oxygen. Superoxides 158-168 lambda-crystallin Oryctolagus cuniculus 46-63 17960110-14 2007 High concentrations of NADH bound to lambda-crystallin may be beneficial to the rabbit lens in scavenging the low amounts of superoxide produced by near-UV absorption, since oxygen tension in the lens is very low. Superoxides 125-135 lambda-crystallin Oryctolagus cuniculus 37-54 17556650-6 2007 Superoxide levels, as measured using lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence, were increased more than 2-fold in old MnSOD+/- mice compared with old MnSOD+/+ and young mice (P<0.05). Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 114-119 17869312-3 2007 Superoxide production was quantified in synovial cells obtained from six patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and six with osteoarthritis (OA), stimulated with (i) AA, and (ii) PLA(2) inhibitors prior to IL-1beta or TNF-alpha treatment. Superoxides 0-10 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 207-215 17869312-3 2007 Superoxide production was quantified in synovial cells obtained from six patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and six with osteoarthritis (OA), stimulated with (i) AA, and (ii) PLA(2) inhibitors prior to IL-1beta or TNF-alpha treatment. Superoxides 0-10 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 219-228 17869312-6 2007 cPLA(2) inhibitors inhibited both IL-1beta and TNF-alpha-induced superoxide production in RA and OA cells. Superoxides 65-75 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 47-56 17556650-6 2007 Superoxide levels, as measured using lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence, were increased more than 2-fold in old MnSOD+/- mice compared with old MnSOD+/+ and young mice (P<0.05). Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 146-151 17391658-10 2007 NADPH oxidase inhibitors and superoxide scavengers significantly decreased Ang II-induced ET-1 mRNA and peptide expression, superoxide production as well as collagen expression. Superoxides 29-39 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 75-81 19668475-9 2007 Lower angiotensin II levels may have beneficial effects on outcomes by lowering vascular superoxide anion production. Superoxides 89-105 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 6-20 17391658-10 2007 NADPH oxidase inhibitors and superoxide scavengers significantly decreased Ang II-induced ET-1 mRNA and peptide expression, superoxide production as well as collagen expression. Superoxides 124-134 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 75-81 17687073-2 2007 Accumulating evidence suggests that AngII stimulates intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as the superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 122-138 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 36-41 17664134-7 2007 Bradykinin enhanced cellular LDH release, apoptosis, generation of superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide induced by ATP depletion. Superoxides 67-77 kininogen 1 Homo sapiens 0-10 17878758-7 2007 The rise in cardiac superoxide anion production (lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence method) induced by AngII was reversed by all treatments. Superoxides 20-36 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 105-110 17443690-6 2007 When eNOS protein expression in endothelial cells was significantly decreased by eNOS siRNA treatment, superoxide generation was significantly higher in the MMECs grown in low glucose, but reduced in those grown in high glucose for 72 h. Thus, exposure of MMECs to high glucose results in increased oxidative stress that is associated with increased eNOS and NADPH oxidase subunit expression, notably p22phox, and decreased expression of SOD1 and 3. Superoxides 103-113 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 438-448 17631528-7 2007 Overexpression of BAP1 or BAP2 with their partner BON1 inhibits PCD induced by pathogens, the proapoptotic gene BAX, and superoxide-generating paraquat in Arabidopsis or Nicotiana benthamiana. Superoxides 121-131 BON association protein 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 26-30 17537988-4 2007 These results suggested that TNF-alpha, produced by activated macrophages, could serve as an autocrine/paracrine regulator of the oxidase, resulting in increased and/or prolonged production of O2*-. Superoxides 193-195 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 29-38 17537988-7 2007 Pharmacological inhibitors of NF-kappaB activation blocked TNF-alpha-induced up-regulation of NCF1, NCF2, and CYBB message, which correlated with a reduction in expression of the corresponding oxidase proteins and decreased O2*- production. Superoxides 224-227 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 30-39 17537988-7 2007 Pharmacological inhibitors of NF-kappaB activation blocked TNF-alpha-induced up-regulation of NCF1, NCF2, and CYBB message, which correlated with a reduction in expression of the corresponding oxidase proteins and decreased O2*- production. Superoxides 224-227 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 59-68 17537988-8 2007 These data demonstrate that the increase in and/or maintenance of O2*- production in TNF-alpha-treated MonoMac1 cells and monocytes are a result, in part, of transcriptional up-regulation of three essential NADPH oxidase genes via the NF-kappaB pathway. Superoxides 66-69 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 85-94 17537988-8 2007 These data demonstrate that the increase in and/or maintenance of O2*- production in TNF-alpha-treated MonoMac1 cells and monocytes are a result, in part, of transcriptional up-regulation of three essential NADPH oxidase genes via the NF-kappaB pathway. Superoxides 66-69 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 235-244 17555556-3 2007 Following activation with lipopolysaccharide, mSOD1(G93A) microglia released more nitric oxide, more superoxide, and less insulin-like growth factor-1 than wild-type microglia. Superoxides 101-111 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 46-51 17697870-6 2007 Treatment of KO-D with the SOD mimetic tempol for 4 weeks suppressed albuminuria, increases in glomerular transforming growth factor beta, collagen alpha1(IV), nitrotyrosine, and glomerular superoxide, and concurrently increased C(In). Superoxides 190-200 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 27-30 17697870-8 2007 The findings provide support for a role for superoxide and its metabolism by SOD1 in the pathogenesis of renal injury in diabetes in vivo, and implicate increased interaction of superoxide with nitric oxide as a pathogenetic factor. Superoxides 44-54 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 77-81 17577578-4 2007 However, F2L inhibits formyl peptide receptor (FPR) and FPRL1 activities, resulting in the complete inhibition of intracellular calcium increases, and superoxide generation induced by N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe, MMK-1, or Trp-Lys-Tyr-Met-Val-d-Met (WKYMVm) in human neutrophils. Superoxides 151-161 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 47-50 17573040-0 2007 PPARgamma activation abolishes LDL-induced proliferation of human aortic smooth muscle cells via SOD-mediated down-regulation of superoxide. Superoxides 129-139 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Homo sapiens 0-9 17602954-3 2007 On transfection into K562 cells stably expressing NOX1 and NOXO1, both NOXA1(trunc) and an equivalent truncated wild-type NOXA1(1-273) were expressed as approximately 29-kDa truncated NOXA1 proteins lacking both PB1 and SH3 domains, yet both were as active as wild-type NOXA1 in phorbol-stimulated superoxide generation. Superoxides 298-308 NADPH oxidase activator 1 Homo sapiens 71-76 17573040-3 2007 Herein is the first report of PPARgamma activation by troglitazone (TG) exerting its inhibitory effects on LDL-induced cell proliferation via generation not of H(2)O(2), but of O2(.-), and the subsequent activation of Erk1/2 in hAoSMCs. Superoxides 177-179 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Homo sapiens 30-39 17486142-6 2007 Uncoupling of eNOS (one electron transfer to molecular oxygen, the second substrate of eNOS) during ischemia-reperfusion due to diminished availability of L-arginine and/or tetrahydrobiopterin is even discussed as one major source of superoxide formation. Superoxides 234-244 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 14-18 17486142-6 2007 Uncoupling of eNOS (one electron transfer to molecular oxygen, the second substrate of eNOS) during ischemia-reperfusion due to diminished availability of L-arginine and/or tetrahydrobiopterin is even discussed as one major source of superoxide formation. Superoxides 234-244 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 87-91 17646272-1 2007 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) plays a key role in the detoxification of superoxide free radicals. Superoxides 69-79 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 17602959-3 2007 The insulin-induced effects were prevented by cotreatment with either a superoxide scavenger or a peroxynitrite scavenger. Superoxides 72-82 insulin Homo sapiens 4-11 17652755-8 2007 Overexpression of MnSOD inhibited diabetes-induced increases in mitochondrial superoxide levels and membrane permeability and the decrease in complex III activity. Superoxides 78-88 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 18-23 18051612-5 2007 Thus, the virulence of V. vulnificus is significantly affected by the cellular level of SOD activity, and an increase in SOD level through MnSOD induction by SoxR under superoxide stress is essential for virulence. Superoxides 169-179 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 139-144 17394531-0 2007 Mutant SOD1-induced neuronal toxicity is mediated by increased mitochondrial superoxide levels. Superoxides 77-87 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 7-11 17293848-8 2007 These results suggest that the protective effect of iNOS-derived NO is mediated by peroxynitrite formed by the reaction of NO with NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide. Superoxides 153-163 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 52-56 17394531-5 2007 Additionally, we tested the hypothesis that mutant SOD1 increases mitochondrial-produced superoxide (O(2) (*)) levels and that SOD2 overexpression protects neurons from mutant SOD1-induced toxicity by reducing O(2) (*) levels in mitochondria. Superoxides 89-99 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 51-55 17635749-6 2007 Superoxide production rapidly increased after 2 h and remained at a high level for 24 h. Scavenging O(2) (-) reversed transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) and fibronectin mRNA level. Superoxides 0-10 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 118-151 17566772-4 2007 As expected, aorta from angiotensin II-infused rats exhibited increased level of superoxide anions (as evaluated with dihydroethidine as fluorescent probe) and a reduced relaxation to acetylcholine in comparison to saline group. Superoxides 81-98 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 24-38 17869078-5 2007 The 15-LOX arachidonic acid metabolite 15-HETE inhibits superoxide production and polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) migration across cytokine-activated endothelium and can be further metabolized to the anti-inflammatory lipoxins. Superoxides 56-66 arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase type B Homo sapiens 4-10 17635749-6 2007 Superoxide production rapidly increased after 2 h and remained at a high level for 24 h. Scavenging O(2) (-) reversed transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) and fibronectin mRNA level. Superoxides 0-10 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 153-162 17635749-6 2007 Superoxide production rapidly increased after 2 h and remained at a high level for 24 h. Scavenging O(2) (-) reversed transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) and fibronectin mRNA level. Superoxides 100-104 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 118-151 17635749-6 2007 Superoxide production rapidly increased after 2 h and remained at a high level for 24 h. Scavenging O(2) (-) reversed transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) and fibronectin mRNA level. Superoxides 100-104 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 153-162 17548354-1 2007 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase is converted to an active state by the assembly of a membrane-localized cytochrome b(559) with three cytosolic components: p47(phox), p67(phox), and GTPase Rac1 or Rac2. Superoxides 4-14 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 174-177 17548354-1 2007 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase is converted to an active state by the assembly of a membrane-localized cytochrome b(559) with three cytosolic components: p47(phox), p67(phox), and GTPase Rac1 or Rac2. Superoxides 4-14 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 204-208 17513298-2 2007 Analysis of 100 ALS-associated mutations in copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) shows that these are site-selective with a preference to decrease the proteins" net repulsive charge. Superoxides 56-66 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 78-82 17332440-6 2007 Peptidoglycan (PGN) (TLR2 ligand), flagellin (TLR5 ligand), and Imiquimod R837 (TLR7 ligand) could significantly upregulate cell surface expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and CD18, and induce the release of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, growth-related oncogene (GRO)-alpha, and superoxides of eosinophils. Superoxides 291-302 toll like receptor 2 Homo sapiens 21-25 17332440-6 2007 Peptidoglycan (PGN) (TLR2 ligand), flagellin (TLR5 ligand), and Imiquimod R837 (TLR7 ligand) could significantly upregulate cell surface expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and CD18, and induce the release of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, growth-related oncogene (GRO)-alpha, and superoxides of eosinophils. Superoxides 291-302 toll like receptor 7 Homo sapiens 80-84 17463333-2 2007 We have shown that the atherosclerotic lesion size was augmented in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-KO) mice overexpressing eNOS because of the enhanced superoxide production. Superoxides 154-164 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 96-100 17336361-3 2007 SOD1 converts superoxide to peroxide; GPx1 converts peroxide to water. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 17508908-4 2007 Corresponding to this reduction of LR clustering with NAD(P)H oxidase subunits in ASM-siRNA transfected CAECs, superoxide (O(2)(-*)) production was significantly decreased as measured by either ESR or fluorescent spectrometry. Superoxides 111-121 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 Homo sapiens 82-85 17508908-4 2007 Corresponding to this reduction of LR clustering with NAD(P)H oxidase subunits in ASM-siRNA transfected CAECs, superoxide (O(2)(-*)) production was significantly decreased as measured by either ESR or fluorescent spectrometry. Superoxides 123-127 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 Homo sapiens 82-85 17394422-6 2007 In intact mitochondria, the extent and duration of SOD1 activation was inversely correlated with mitochondrial superoxide production. Superoxides 111-121 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 51-55 17394422-10 2007 Activation of IMS SOD1 by exogenous H2O2 delayed CaCl2-induced loss of transmembrane potential, decreased cytochrome c release and markedly prevented superoxide-induced loss of aconitase activity in intact mitochondria respiring at state-3. Superoxides 150-160 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 18-22 17394422-11 2007 These findings suggest that H2O2, superoxide and TxrR-1 regulate IMS SOD1 activity reversibly, and that the active enzyme is implicated in protecting vital mitochondrial functions. Superoxides 34-44 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 69-73 17616699-0 2007 Superoxide signaling mediates N-acetyl-L-cysteine-induced G1 arrest: regulatory role of cyclin D1 and manganese superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 102-132 17324120-1 2007 Cn (calcineurin) activity is stabilized by SOD1 (Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase), a phenomenon attributed to protection from superoxide (O2*-). Superoxides 55-65 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 43-47 17324120-1 2007 Cn (calcineurin) activity is stabilized by SOD1 (Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase), a phenomenon attributed to protection from superoxide (O2*-). Superoxides 133-135 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 43-47 17324120-1 2007 Cn (calcineurin) activity is stabilized by SOD1 (Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase), a phenomenon attributed to protection from superoxide (O2*-). Superoxides 133-135 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 49-75 17317755-1 2007 Chronic hypoxic (CH) preconditioning reduces superoxide-induced renal dysfunction via the upregulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and contents. Superoxides 45-55 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 128-131 17206381-3 2007 Upon exposure to 1 mM 3-morpholinosydnomine N-ethylcarbamide (SIN-1), a generator of peroxynitrite through the reaction between nitric oxide and superoxide anion, to U937 cells, the viability was lower and the protein oxidation, lipid peroxidation and oxidative DNA damage reflected by an increase in 8-hydroxy-2"-deoxyguanosine, were higher in the inhibitor-treated cells as compared to the control cells. Superoxides 145-161 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 62-67 17548209-4 2007 The Ang II-stimulated superoxide formation was blocked by 1 x 10(-10)M losartan, the specific AT(1) receptor antagonist, but not by 1 x 10(-10)M PD 123319, the AT(2) receptor antagonist, suggesting that the increased superoxide levels caused by Ang II are mediated through AT(1) receptors activation. Superoxides 217-227 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 4-10 17250890-4 2007 Cytochrome c release to cytoplasm, superoxide anion overproduction and ATP depletion in NB4 cells induce, 16 h later, apoptosis by a typical caspase-9/caspase-3-dependent intrinsic pathway. Superoxides 35-51 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 151-160 17548209-0 2007 Angiotensin-(1-7) blocks the angiotensin II-stimulated superoxide production. Superoxides 55-65 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 29-43 17548209-2 2007 The present study was conducted to examine Ang-(1-7) and Ang II effects on superoxide anion production in rat aorta using the lucigenin chemiluminescence method. Superoxides 75-91 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 57-63 17548209-3 2007 Ang II dose-dependently increased superoxide anion formation when compared to control levels; a maximal increase (2.5-fold) was observed with 1 x 10(-10)M peptide concentration. Superoxides 34-50 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-6 17548209-5 2007 The Ang II-stimulated superoxide production was not modified by 2 x 10(-8)M allopurinol or 1 x 10(-7)M indomethacin, but was completely abolished by NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitors: 1 x 10(-8)M diphenylene iodonium, or 2 x 10(-8)M apocynin, demonstrating that NAD(P)H oxidase participates in such response. Superoxides 22-32 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 4-10 17548209-4 2007 The Ang II-stimulated superoxide formation was blocked by 1 x 10(-10)M losartan, the specific AT(1) receptor antagonist, but not by 1 x 10(-10)M PD 123319, the AT(2) receptor antagonist, suggesting that the increased superoxide levels caused by Ang II are mediated through AT(1) receptors activation. Superoxides 22-32 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 4-10 17548209-4 2007 The Ang II-stimulated superoxide formation was blocked by 1 x 10(-10)M losartan, the specific AT(1) receptor antagonist, but not by 1 x 10(-10)M PD 123319, the AT(2) receptor antagonist, suggesting that the increased superoxide levels caused by Ang II are mediated through AT(1) receptors activation. Superoxides 22-32 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 245-251 17548209-7 2007 In conclusion, we demonstrated that Ang-(1-7) blocks the pro-oxidant effects of Ang II, thus reducing the superoxide anion production and delaying the hypertension development. Superoxides 106-122 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 80-86 17482227-6 2007 The increase in COX-2 mRNA was associated with release of (3)H-AA, phosphorylation of p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases, increased levels of nuclear NF-kappaB and increased superoxide anion production. Superoxides 231-247 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 16-21 17530864-2 2007 Stimulation with a soluble agonist or activation with bacterial lipopolysaccharide plus gamma-interferon caused only very small initial increases in O2 consumption above basal rates; however, at 2-4 h post-activation, respiration increased to 2-3-fold and remained at these elevated levels over the subsequent lifetime of the cell (20-30 h). Superoxides 149-151 interferon gamma Mus musculus 88-104 17308007-9 2007 These findings suggest that ANG II infusion induces the production of superoxide and spontaneous tone and that both are dependent on ERK-MAPK activation. Superoxides 70-80 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 28-34 17560373-2 2007 TNF signaling enables the generation of superoxide in phagocytic and vascular cells through the activation of the NADPH oxidase Nox2/gp91. Superoxides 40-50 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 0-3 17560373-6 2007 Moreover, the prevention of TNF-induced superoxide generation with dominant-negative mutants of TRADD or Rac1, as well as knockdown of Nox1 using siRNA, inhibits necrosis. Superoxides 40-50 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 28-31 17308007-0 2007 ERK activation contributes to regulation of spontaneous contractile tone via superoxide anion in isolated rat aorta of angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Superoxides 77-93 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 0-3 17308007-0 2007 ERK activation contributes to regulation of spontaneous contractile tone via superoxide anion in isolated rat aorta of angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Superoxides 77-93 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 119-133 17413034-10 2007 CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate TNF-alpha upregulates expression of arginase in endothelial cells, which leads to O2(-) production then induces endothelial dysfunction in I/R injury. Superoxides 116-121 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 34-43 17413035-3 2007 When endothelial nitric oxide synthase is 6R-BH4-deplete, it synthesizes superoxide rather than nitric oxide. Superoxides 73-83 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 5-38 17418121-2 2007 Modulation of NTS signaling by superoxide may be linked to the subcellular location of the mobile NADPH oxidase p47(phox) subunit, which is known to be present in dendrites of NTS neurons. Superoxides 31-41 NSFL1 cofactor Rattus norvegicus 112-115 17516233-11 2007 This quenching activity against O(2)(-) persisted like SOD. Superoxides 32-36 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 55-58 17516238-9 2007 These results imply the possibility that 8-oxoGTP is formed during respiratory burst of neutrophils and limits neutrophil production of superoxides by antagonizing GTP toward Rac. Superoxides 136-147 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 175-178 17516243-3 2007 Phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA; 100 ng/ml) caused an increase in fluorescence and lucigenin chemiluminescence in HL-60, which was abolished by superoxide dismutase (SOD; 600 U/ml) indicating that DHE detects extracellular superoxide. Superoxides 149-159 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 171-174 17516243-4 2007 Furthermore, both HL-60 cells and HMEC-1 generated a fluorescence signal in the presence of DHE under resting conditions, which was unaffected by SOD, but abolished by polyethylene glycosylated-SOD (PEG-SOD) (100 U/ml) and MnTmPyP (25 microM), indicating that DHE also detects superoxide produced intracellularly. Superoxides 277-287 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 194-197 17516243-4 2007 Furthermore, both HL-60 cells and HMEC-1 generated a fluorescence signal in the presence of DHE under resting conditions, which was unaffected by SOD, but abolished by polyethylene glycosylated-SOD (PEG-SOD) (100 U/ml) and MnTmPyP (25 microM), indicating that DHE also detects superoxide produced intracellularly. Superoxides 277-287 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 194-197 17470722-2 2007 Angiotensin II ([Ang II] 1 micromol/L)-stimulated NO and superoxide (O(2)(*-)) production were imaged by fluorescence microscopy in thin tissue strips from the inner stripe of the outer medulla. Superoxides 57-67 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-14 17420332-4 2007 Neutrophil superoxide production was measured by cytochrome C reduction. Superoxides 11-21 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 49-61 17470722-4 2007 Ang II stimulation resulted in production of NO in epithelial cells of the mTAL that diffused to vasa recta pericytes of SS-13(BN) rats but not in SS/Mcwi rats except when tissues were preincubated with the superoxide scavenger TIRON (1 mmol/L). Superoxides 207-217 talipes Mus musculus 75-79 17470727-9 2007 ERalpha activation had the most potent effects on both nitrite formation and inhibiting O(2)(-) (P<0.05). Superoxides 88-92 estrogen receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-7 17237245-6 2007 After 8 wk of treatment with the superoxide scavenger Tempol, 12-wk-old db/db mice had lower superoxide production, reduced plasma glucose and lipids, and lower BMP-4 and OPN protein expression when compared with nontreated mice. Superoxides 33-43 bone morphogenetic protein 4 Mus musculus 161-166 17470727-10 2007 These data demonstrate novel and differential mechanisms by which ERalpha and ERbeta activation control coronary artery vasoreactivity in males and females and regulate vascular NO and O(2)(-) formation. Superoxides 185-189 estrogen receptor 1 Homo sapiens 66-73 17493633-0 2007 Increased superoxide production in nitrate tolerance is associated with NAD(P)H oxidase and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 downregulation. Superoxides 10-20 aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1 Rattus norvegicus 92-116 16953235-1 2007 Formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) is a potent chemoattractant molecule released from both bacteria and damaged mitochondria that activates fMLP receptors (FPR) leading to neutrophil chemotaxis, degranulation and superoxide production. Superoxides 204-214 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-18 16953235-1 2007 Formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) is a potent chemoattractant molecule released from both bacteria and damaged mitochondria that activates fMLP receptors (FPR) leading to neutrophil chemotaxis, degranulation and superoxide production. Superoxides 204-214 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 20-24 16953235-1 2007 Formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) is a potent chemoattractant molecule released from both bacteria and damaged mitochondria that activates fMLP receptors (FPR) leading to neutrophil chemotaxis, degranulation and superoxide production. Superoxides 204-214 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 131-135 17448908-4 2007 Whereas inhibition of NADPH oxidase or knockdown of the gp91(phox) or p47(phox) gene blunted the early phase (60-150 min), coenzyme Q10 or mitochondrial K(ATP) channel inhibitor antagonized the delayed phase (120-240 min) of LPS-induced increase in O2*- production in RVLM and cardiovascular depression. Superoxides 249-251 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Rattus norvegicus 61-65 17448908-4 2007 Whereas inhibition of NADPH oxidase or knockdown of the gp91(phox) or p47(phox) gene blunted the early phase (60-150 min), coenzyme Q10 or mitochondrial K(ATP) channel inhibitor antagonized the delayed phase (120-240 min) of LPS-induced increase in O2*- production in RVLM and cardiovascular depression. Superoxides 249-251 NSFL1 cofactor Rattus norvegicus 70-73 17448908-4 2007 Whereas inhibition of NADPH oxidase or knockdown of the gp91(phox) or p47(phox) gene blunted the early phase (60-150 min), coenzyme Q10 or mitochondrial K(ATP) channel inhibitor antagonized the delayed phase (120-240 min) of LPS-induced increase in O2*- production in RVLM and cardiovascular depression. Superoxides 249-251 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Rattus norvegicus 74-78 17344208-11 2007 This is significant because superoxide production underlies the role of human PRODH in p53-mediated apoptosis, implying commonalities between eukaryotic and bacterial monofunctional PRODHs. Superoxides 28-38 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 87-90 17289842-11 2007 These findings suggest that exposure of EDCs and endothelial cells to either experimentally prepared or naturally occurring modified LDL results in an increased transfer of mitochondria-derived superoxide anion to p53, which stimulates a conformational change in Bax favoring its translocation to the mitochondria with resultant apoptosis of these cells. Superoxides 194-210 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 214-217 17395009-0 2007 Inactivation and nitration of human superoxide dismutase (SOD) by fluxes of nitric oxide and superoxide. Superoxides 36-46 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 58-61 17289842-11 2007 These findings suggest that exposure of EDCs and endothelial cells to either experimentally prepared or naturally occurring modified LDL results in an increased transfer of mitochondria-derived superoxide anion to p53, which stimulates a conformational change in Bax favoring its translocation to the mitochondria with resultant apoptosis of these cells. Superoxides 194-210 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 263-266 17230520-8 2007 In LNCaP cells, we established superoxide as a primary mediator for selenite-induced DNA SSBs, p53 activation and caspase-mediated apoptosis. Superoxides 31-41 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 95-98 16969382-8 2007 A hydroethidine study demonstrated that superoxide anion production after SAH was reduced in the cerebral cortex of the SOD1 Tg rats. Superoxides 40-56 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 120-124 17230520-10 2007 The results support the p53-mitochondria axis in a feedback loop for sustaining superoxide production to lead to efficient caspase-mediated apoptosis by selenite. Superoxides 80-90 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 24-27 17381162-0 2007 Reactions of superoxide with myeloperoxidase. Superoxides 13-23 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 29-44 17287434-8 2007 Interestingly, inhibition of superoxide with superoxide dismutase or Mn(III) tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) prophyrin completely blocked Ang II-induced decrease in mIPSCs. Superoxides 29-39 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 132-138 17287434-11 2007 Ang II attenuates GABAergic input to PVN presympathetic neurons through reactive oxygen species, especially superoxide anions. Superoxides 108-125 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-6 17381162-3 2007 It is generally accepted that superoxide is a precursor of hydrogen peroxide which myeloperoxidase uses to oxidize chloride to hypochlorous acid. Superoxides 30-40 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 83-98 17381162-4 2007 Previously, we demonstrated that superoxide modulates the chlorination activity of myeloperoxidase by reacting with its ferric and compound II redox states. Superoxides 33-43 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 83-98 17382199-0 2007 Phosphorylation of the survival kinase Akt by superoxide is dependent on an ascorbate-reversible oxidation of PTEN. Superoxides 46-56 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 39-42 17381162-5 2007 In this investigation we used pulse radiolysis to determine kinetic parameters of superoxide reacting with redox forms of myeloperoxidase and used these data in a steady-state kinetic analysis. Superoxides 82-92 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 122-137 17381162-9 2007 It will act as a superoxide dismutase when superoxide reacts consecutively with ferric myeloperoxidase and compound III. Superoxides 17-27 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 87-102 17381162-11 2007 The favorable kinetics of these reactions indicate that, within the confines of a phagosome, superoxide will react with myeloperoxidase and affect the reactions it will catalyze. Superoxides 93-103 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 120-135 17382199-2 2007 Using the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and PTEN knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts, we show that phosphorylation of Akt by superoxide requires the production of PIP3 and that the target for the induction of Akt phosphorylation by O2.- is the phosphatase PTEN. Superoxides 120-130 phosphatase and tensin homolog Mus musculus 38-42 17382199-0 2007 Phosphorylation of the survival kinase Akt by superoxide is dependent on an ascorbate-reversible oxidation of PTEN. Superoxides 46-56 phosphatase and tensin homolog Mus musculus 110-114 17382199-2 2007 Using the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and PTEN knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts, we show that phosphorylation of Akt by superoxide requires the production of PIP3 and that the target for the induction of Akt phosphorylation by O2.- is the phosphatase PTEN. Superoxides 120-130 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 113-116 17382199-2 2007 Using the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and PTEN knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts, we show that phosphorylation of Akt by superoxide requires the production of PIP3 and that the target for the induction of Akt phosphorylation by O2.- is the phosphatase PTEN. Superoxides 120-130 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 204-207 17382199-1 2007 In this report, we demonstrate that in serum-deprived mouse embryonic fibroblasts an increase in intracellular level of superoxide through pharmacological inhibition of the Cu/ZnSOD protein or the down-regulation of its expression using specific siRNA mimics growth factor-induced phosphorylation of Akt. Superoxides 120-130 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 173-181 17382199-2 2007 Using the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and PTEN knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts, we show that phosphorylation of Akt by superoxide requires the production of PIP3 and that the target for the induction of Akt phosphorylation by O2.- is the phosphatase PTEN. Superoxides 120-130 phosphatase and tensin homolog Mus musculus 251-255 17382199-2 2007 Using the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and PTEN knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts, we show that phosphorylation of Akt by superoxide requires the production of PIP3 and that the target for the induction of Akt phosphorylation by O2.- is the phosphatase PTEN. Superoxides 227-229 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 113-116 17382199-1 2007 In this report, we demonstrate that in serum-deprived mouse embryonic fibroblasts an increase in intracellular level of superoxide through pharmacological inhibition of the Cu/ZnSOD protein or the down-regulation of its expression using specific siRNA mimics growth factor-induced phosphorylation of Akt. Superoxides 120-130 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 300-303 17382199-2 2007 Using the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and PTEN knockout mouse embryonic fibroblasts, we show that phosphorylation of Akt by superoxide requires the production of PIP3 and that the target for the induction of Akt phosphorylation by O2.- is the phosphatase PTEN. Superoxides 227-229 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 204-207 17220186-1 2007 Angiotensin II (ANG II) infusion increases renal superoxide (O(2)(-)) and enhances renal vasoconstriction via macula densa (MD) regulation of tubuloglomerular feedback, but the mechanism is unclear. Superoxides 49-59 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-14 17382199-3 2007 Interestingly, the inhibition of PTEN involves an O2.--mediated oxidation of the phosphatase rather than regulation of its phosphorylation or decreased protein expression. Superoxides 50-52 phosphatase and tensin homolog Mus musculus 33-37 17382199-4 2007 Moreover, using differential reduction of oxidized protein by DTT and ascorbate, O2.--dependent oxidation of PTEN is shown to be due to S-nitrosylation of the protein. Superoxides 81-83 phosphatase and tensin homolog Mus musculus 109-113 17382199-5 2007 Finally, exposure of serum-deprived mouse embryonic fibroblasts to fetal bovine serum leads to a rapid and strong phosphorylation of Akt that is dependent on an ascorbate-reversible O2.--mediated oxidation of PTEN. Superoxides 182-184 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 133-136 17382199-5 2007 Finally, exposure of serum-deprived mouse embryonic fibroblasts to fetal bovine serum leads to a rapid and strong phosphorylation of Akt that is dependent on an ascorbate-reversible O2.--mediated oxidation of PTEN. Superoxides 182-184 phosphatase and tensin homolog Mus musculus 209-213 17382199-6 2007 These results support O2.- as a physiologically relevant second messenger for Akt activation through S-nitrosylation of PTEN and offer a mechanistic explanation for the mitogenic and prosurvival activities of O2.-. Superoxides 22-24 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 78-81 17382199-6 2007 These results support O2.- as a physiologically relevant second messenger for Akt activation through S-nitrosylation of PTEN and offer a mechanistic explanation for the mitogenic and prosurvival activities of O2.-. Superoxides 22-24 phosphatase and tensin homolog Mus musculus 120-124 17382199-6 2007 These results support O2.- as a physiologically relevant second messenger for Akt activation through S-nitrosylation of PTEN and offer a mechanistic explanation for the mitogenic and prosurvival activities of O2.-. Superoxides 209-211 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 78-81 17142346-2 2007 We investigated the hypothesis that increased superoxide (O(2)(*-)) release by an uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) contributes to impaired pulmonary vasodilation in PPHN. Superoxides 46-56 nitric oxide synthase, endothelial Ovis aries 92-125 17142346-2 2007 We investigated the hypothesis that increased superoxide (O(2)(*-)) release by an uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) contributes to impaired pulmonary vasodilation in PPHN. Superoxides 46-56 nitric oxide synthase, endothelial Ovis aries 127-131 17142346-2 2007 We investigated the hypothesis that increased superoxide (O(2)(*-)) release by an uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) contributes to impaired pulmonary vasodilation in PPHN. Superoxides 58-61 nitric oxide synthase, endothelial Ovis aries 92-125 17142346-2 2007 We investigated the hypothesis that increased superoxide (O(2)(*-)) release by an uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) contributes to impaired pulmonary vasodilation in PPHN. Superoxides 58-61 nitric oxide synthase, endothelial Ovis aries 127-131 17194725-0 2007 HO-1 induction lowers blood pressure and superoxide production in the renal medulla of angiotensin II hypertensive mice. Superoxides 41-51 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 0-4 17194725-0 2007 HO-1 induction lowers blood pressure and superoxide production in the renal medulla of angiotensin II hypertensive mice. Superoxides 41-51 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 87-101 17194725-8 2007 Medullary superoxide production was increased by ANG II infusion and normalized in mice pretreated with CoPP. Superoxides 10-20 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 49-55 17194725-9 2007 The reduction in ANG II-mediated superoxide production in the medulla with CoPP was associated with a decrease in extracellular superoxide dismutase protein but an increase in catalase protein and activity. Superoxides 33-43 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 17-23 17194725-9 2007 The reduction in ANG II-mediated superoxide production in the medulla with CoPP was associated with a decrease in extracellular superoxide dismutase protein but an increase in catalase protein and activity. Superoxides 33-43 catalase Mus musculus 176-184 17194725-10 2007 These results suggest that reduction in superoxide and possibly hydrogen peroxide production in the renal medulla may be a potential mechanism by which induction of HO-1 with CoPP lowers blood pressure in ANG-II dependent hypertension. Superoxides 40-50 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 165-169 17194725-10 2007 These results suggest that reduction in superoxide and possibly hydrogen peroxide production in the renal medulla may be a potential mechanism by which induction of HO-1 with CoPP lowers blood pressure in ANG-II dependent hypertension. Superoxides 40-50 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 205-211 17220186-1 2007 Angiotensin II (ANG II) infusion increases renal superoxide (O(2)(-)) and enhances renal vasoconstriction via macula densa (MD) regulation of tubuloglomerular feedback, but the mechanism is unclear. Superoxides 49-59 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 16-22 17220186-1 2007 Angiotensin II (ANG II) infusion increases renal superoxide (O(2)(-)) and enhances renal vasoconstriction via macula densa (MD) regulation of tubuloglomerular feedback, but the mechanism is unclear. Superoxides 61-65 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-14 17220186-1 2007 Angiotensin II (ANG II) infusion increases renal superoxide (O(2)(-)) and enhances renal vasoconstriction via macula densa (MD) regulation of tubuloglomerular feedback, but the mechanism is unclear. Superoxides 61-65 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 16-22 17234726-6 2007 Ang II substantially increased endothelial XO protein levels and XO-dependent superoxide production in cultured endothelial cells, which was prevented by NAD(P)H-oxidase inhibition. Superoxides 78-88 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-6 17222393-0 2007 Production of extracellular superoxide by human lymphoblast cell lines: comparison of electron spin resonance techniques and cytochrome C reduction assay. Superoxides 28-38 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 125-137 17353002-0 2007 Characterization of superoxide production from aldehyde oxidase: an important source of oxidants in biological tissues. Superoxides 20-30 aldehyde oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 47-63 17353002-5 2007 Superoxide generation was measured and quantitated by cytochrome c reduction and EPR spin trapping with p-dimethyl aminocinnamaldehyde as reducing substrate. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 54-66 17353002-6 2007 Prominent superoxide generation was observed with an initial rate of 295 nmol min(-1) mg(-1). Superoxides 10-20 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 78-84 17353002-8 2007 In view of the ubiquitous distribution of aldehydes in tissues, aldehyde oxidase can be an important basal source of superoxide that would be enhanced in disease settings where cellular aldehyde levels are increased. Superoxides 117-127 aldehyde oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 64-80 17349936-1 2007 Lenses from mice lacking the antioxidant enzyme copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) show elevated levels of superoxide radicals and are prone to developing cataract when exposed to high levels of glucose in vitro. Superoxides 60-70 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 82-86 17495413-8 2007 The in vitro model of I/R showed that lipid peroxidation is a trigger of the injury, and superoxide and iron ion participate in TJ opening and decrease in P-gp function. Superoxides 89-99 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 155-159 17404617-5 2007 Superoxide production and neuronal death were also blocked in studies using mice or cultured neurons deficient in the p47(phox) subunit of NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 0-10 NSFL1 (p97) cofactor (p47) Mus musculus 118-152 17292965-1 2007 It is well known that the wild type Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (holo SOD) catalyzes the conversion of superoxide anion to peroxide hydrogen and dioxygen. Superoxides 102-118 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 36-62 17292965-1 2007 It is well known that the wild type Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (holo SOD) catalyzes the conversion of superoxide anion to peroxide hydrogen and dioxygen. Superoxides 102-118 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 69-72 17374653-4 2007 At 6 h, AngII induced a marked increase in O(2)(-) production as measured by dihydroethidium fluorescence, which was prevented by quercetin and isorhamnetin. Superoxides 43-47 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 8-13 17374653-8 2007 Taken together, these results show for the first time, to our knowledge, that quercetin and isorhamnetin prevent AngII-induced endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting the overexpression of p47(phox) and the subsequent increased O(2)(-) production, resulting in increased nitric oxide bioavailability. Superoxides 226-231 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 113-118 17210799-11 2007 These data suggest that 20-HETE stimulates superoxide formation by pathways other than apocynin-sensitive NAD(P)H oxidase, thereby activating MAPK and then enhancing VEGF synthesis that drives EC proliferation. Superoxides 43-53 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 166-170 16621167-1 2007 Angiotensin II activates (via type 1 receptors) NAD(P)H-dependent oxidases, which are a major source of superoxide, and is relevant in the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases and certain degenerative changes associated with ageing. Superoxides 104-114 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-14 17389234-3 2007 We also disclose that motility of hPMs and J774.1 induced by a chemotactic peptide (N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine [fMLP]) was inhibited by superoxide dismutase or N-acetylcystein, indicating stimulation of motility by superoxide generated by fMLP stimulation. Superoxides 149-159 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 125-129 17291583-5 2007 Antioxidant enzymes include two types of superoxide dismutase (SOD), which specifically scavenges superoxide radicals: copper-zinc SOD, which is located in the cytosol and Mn-SOD, which is located in the mitochondria. Superoxides 41-51 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 63-66 17389234-3 2007 We also disclose that motility of hPMs and J774.1 induced by a chemotactic peptide (N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine [fMLP]) was inhibited by superoxide dismutase or N-acetylcystein, indicating stimulation of motility by superoxide generated by fMLP stimulation. Superoxides 149-159 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 252-256 16584734-1 2007 OBJECTIVE: Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is the major extracellular scavenger of superoxides, and one of the main regulators of nitric oxide bioactivity in vessel walls. Superoxides 95-106 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 11-45 17197441-2 2007 TNF-alpha stimulation of PMNs resulted in superoxide production that was dependent on CD11b/CD18-mediated PMN adhesion. Superoxides 42-52 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 0-9 17197441-2 2007 TNF-alpha stimulation of PMNs resulted in superoxide production that was dependent on CD11b/CD18-mediated PMN adhesion. Superoxides 42-52 integrin alpha M Mus musculus 86-91 17197441-2 2007 TNF-alpha stimulation of PMNs resulted in superoxide production that was dependent on CD11b/CD18-mediated PMN adhesion. Superoxides 42-52 integrin beta 2 Mus musculus 92-96 17240121-4 2007 Increased superoxide production, induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and decreased caveolin-1 were observed in a concentration-dependent manner in THP-1 derived macrophages with high glucose concentrations. Superoxides 10-20 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 164-169 17240121-10 2007 This might be due to the actions of superoxide via the activation of NADPH oxidase by translocation of its component and uncoupling of induced iNOS in macrophages. Superoxides 36-46 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 143-147 16584734-1 2007 OBJECTIVE: Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is the major extracellular scavenger of superoxides, and one of the main regulators of nitric oxide bioactivity in vessel walls. Superoxides 95-106 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 47-53 17224469-1 2007 Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced arterial baroreflex dysfunction is associated with superoxide generation in the brain. Superoxides 83-93 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-22 17109119-1 2007 Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), which is localized cytoplasmically and in the mitochondrial intermembrane space, is an enzyme that is critically important for superoxide free-radical elimination. Superoxides 6-16 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 28-32 17327432-8 2007 LR-90 also prevented oxidative stress in activated monocytes, as demonstrated by its inhibitory effects on S100b-induced expression of NADPH oxidase and intracellular superoxide production. Superoxides 167-177 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 107-112 17327434-1 2007 Uncoupling of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) resulting in superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) formation instead of nitric oxide (NO) causes diabetic endothelial dysfunction. Superoxides 72-88 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 18-51 17327434-1 2007 Uncoupling of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) resulting in superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) formation instead of nitric oxide (NO) causes diabetic endothelial dysfunction. Superoxides 90-95 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 18-51 17224469-9 2007 Finally, EX decreased superoxide production in the paraventricular nucleus of Ang II-infused rats. Superoxides 22-32 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 78-84 17224469-3 2007 The aim of this study was to determine whether previous EX prevents baroreflex impairment caused by central administration of exogenous Ang II via an Ang II-superoxide mechanism. Superoxides 157-167 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 136-142 17224469-3 2007 The aim of this study was to determine whether previous EX prevents baroreflex impairment caused by central administration of exogenous Ang II via an Ang II-superoxide mechanism. Superoxides 157-167 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 150-156 17129739-3 2007 Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD-2 or Mn-SOD) is a key antioxidant enzyme that scavenges superoxide. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 36-41 17242303-8 2007 Correspondingly, ADMA increased PEG-SOD reversible manner the production of vascular superoxide assessed by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence and ethidium bromide fluorescence. Superoxides 85-95 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 36-39 17318262-10 2007 Akt thus serves as a molecular switch that increases angiogenesis and the generation of superoxide, fostering more aggressive tumor behavior. Superoxides 88-98 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 17129739-3 2007 Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD-2 or Mn-SOD) is a key antioxidant enzyme that scavenges superoxide. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 45-51 17129739-7 2007 However, SOD-2 overexpression did decrease mitochondrial superoxide in hippocampal neurons, and extended the lifespan of the mice. Superoxides 57-67 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 9-14 17316075-5 2007 Furthermore, SCC-VII tumor cells demonstrated increased relative hydrogen peroxide (the product of MnSOD superoxide dismutation)-induced apoptosis in vitro. Superoxides 105-115 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 99-104 17126611-5 2007 Superoxide dismutase (SOD; converts superoxide to H(2)O(2)) significantly reduced the contraction in both types of arteries -- an effect abolished by catalase (H(2)O(2) scavenger), suggesting that the SOD effect was mediated by H(2)O(2). Superoxides 36-46 catalase Rattus norvegicus 150-158 17255946-1 2007 Over 110 structurally diverse missense mutations in the superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene have been linked to the pathogenesis of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS), yet the mechanism by which these lead to cytotoxicity still remains unknown. Superoxides 56-66 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 78-82 17308111-7 2007 This activation, in combination with BaP-induced phosphorylated p53, promoted mitochondrial superoxide anion production, supporting the existence of a common target for NHE1 and p53. Superoxides 92-108 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 64-67 17308111-7 2007 This activation, in combination with BaP-induced phosphorylated p53, promoted mitochondrial superoxide anion production, supporting the existence of a common target for NHE1 and p53. Superoxides 92-108 solute carrier family 9 member A1 Homo sapiens 169-173 17308111-7 2007 This activation, in combination with BaP-induced phosphorylated p53, promoted mitochondrial superoxide anion production, supporting the existence of a common target for NHE1 and p53. Superoxides 92-108 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 178-181 17123468-1 2007 Dicoumarol, a competitive inhibitor of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), increases intracellular superoxide and affects cell growth of tumor cells. Superoxides 104-114 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 39-71 17123468-1 2007 Dicoumarol, a competitive inhibitor of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), increases intracellular superoxide and affects cell growth of tumor cells. Superoxides 104-114 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 73-77 17258726-8 2007 COX-2 was up-regulated by superoxide from E faecalis and mutant fractions decreased when COX-2 was silenced using short interfering RNA. Superoxides 26-36 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 0-5 17138940-1 2007 OBJECTIVE: Angiotensin II (AngII) disrupts the regulation of the cerebral circulation through superoxide, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by a nox2-containing NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 94-104 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 11-25 17138940-1 2007 OBJECTIVE: Angiotensin II (AngII) disrupts the regulation of the cerebral circulation through superoxide, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by a nox2-containing NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 94-104 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 27-32 17138940-2 2007 We tested the hypothesis that AngII-derived superoxide reacts with nitric oxide (NO) to form peroxynitrite, which, in turn, contributes to the vascular dysfunction. Superoxides 44-54 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 30-35 17138940-8 2007 CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide evidence that peroxynitrite, formed from NO and nox2-derived superoxide, contributes to the deleterious cerebrovascular effects of AngII. Superoxides 97-107 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 167-172 16963226-19 2007 Finally, we showed that addition of arachidonic acid restored the production of O(2)(-) in monocytes defective in either PKCalpha or cPLA(2) expression. Superoxides 80-84 protein kinase C alpha Homo sapiens 121-129 17258726-8 2007 COX-2 was up-regulated by superoxide from E faecalis and mutant fractions decreased when COX-2 was silenced using short interfering RNA. Superoxides 26-36 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 89-94 17258726-10 2007 CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that macrophage COX-2 is induced by superoxide from E faecalis and promotes CIN in mammalian cells through diffusible factors. Superoxides 73-83 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 53-58 17339755-8 2007 TNF-alpha, but not leptin, enhanced OZP- and ZAS-induced superoxide production, possibly, in part due to facilitating translocation of p47(phox), a component of NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 57-67 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-9 17112788-11 2007 These data support the hypothesis that combined reduction of superoxide along with enhanced endogenous kinins may facilitate blood pressure lowering in Ang II hypertension. Superoxides 61-71 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 152-158 17339755-7 2007 TNF-alpha, PMA, OZP and ZAS increased superoxide production in different magnitudes, whereas leptin did not. Superoxides 38-48 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-9 17126953-8 2007 These results indicate that PS/PC liposomes can inhibit the microglial production of both NO and O(2)(-), and thus presumably prevent a subsequent formation of ONOO(-). Superoxides 97-101 surfactant protein C Homo sapiens 28-33 17332699-2 2007 First, the discovery of 7 Nox/Duox family proteins, Noxo1 and Noxa1 (homologues of gp91(phox), p47(phox) and p67(phox)) may clarify novel physiological mechanisms for superoxide regulation in various organs, such as the regulation of blood pressure, mucosal defense system in respiratory/digestive tract and nephron. Superoxides 167-177 NADPH oxidase activator 1 Homo sapiens 62-67 17332699-2 2007 First, the discovery of 7 Nox/Duox family proteins, Noxo1 and Noxa1 (homologues of gp91(phox), p47(phox) and p67(phox)) may clarify novel physiological mechanisms for superoxide regulation in various organs, such as the regulation of blood pressure, mucosal defense system in respiratory/digestive tract and nephron. Superoxides 167-177 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 109-112 17239711-0 2007 The deleterious effects of hyperglycemia on platelet function in diabetic patients with acute coronary syndromes mediation by superoxide production, resolution with intensive insulin administration. Superoxides 126-136 insulin Homo sapiens 175-182 17239711-10 2007 Intravenous insulin infusion resulted in a greater reduction (p < 0.001) in BSL, differentially improved platelet responsiveness to SNP (p = 0.049), and decreased O2- (p < 0.001) and ADMA levels (p = 0.049). Superoxides 166-168 insulin Homo sapiens 12-19 17242675-1 2007 PURPOSE: To ameliorate experimental optic neuritis by combining scavenging of superoxide by germ line increases in the extracellular superoxide dismutase (ECSOD) and hydrogen peroxide by viral-mediated gene transfer of the human catalase gene. Superoxides 78-88 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 155-160 17189831-10 2007 Taken together, these findings suggest that shear stress stabilizes Nrf2 protein via the lipid peroxidation elicited by xanthine oxidase and flavoprotein mediated generation of superoxide, resulting in gene induction by the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway. Superoxides 177-187 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 68-72 17189831-10 2007 Taken together, these findings suggest that shear stress stabilizes Nrf2 protein via the lipid peroxidation elicited by xanthine oxidase and flavoprotein mediated generation of superoxide, resulting in gene induction by the Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway. Superoxides 177-187 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 224-228 17126813-1 2007 NADPH oxidase organizer 1 (Noxo1), harboring a PX domain, two SH3 domains, and a proline-rich region (PRR), participates in activation of superoxide-producing Nox-family NADPH oxidases. Superoxides 138-148 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 81-100 17126813-1 2007 NADPH oxidase organizer 1 (Noxo1), harboring a PX domain, two SH3 domains, and a proline-rich region (PRR), participates in activation of superoxide-producing Nox-family NADPH oxidases. Superoxides 138-148 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 2 Homo sapiens 102-105 16788136-10 2007 ET-1 immediately stimulated superoxide formation (measured with TEMPO-9-AC, 68 arbitrary units) that was inhibited 95% by apocynin or diphenyl iodonium. Superoxides 28-38 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 17242675-1 2007 PURPOSE: To ameliorate experimental optic neuritis by combining scavenging of superoxide by germ line increases in the extracellular superoxide dismutase (ECSOD) and hydrogen peroxide by viral-mediated gene transfer of the human catalase gene. Superoxides 78-88 catalase Homo sapiens 229-237 17242675-5 2007 RESULTS: Combined scavenging of H(2)O(2) and superoxide with ECSOD and catalase suppressed demyelination by 72%, 54% due to catalase, and 19% due to ECSOD. Superoxides 45-55 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 61-66 17242675-5 2007 RESULTS: Combined scavenging of H(2)O(2) and superoxide with ECSOD and catalase suppressed demyelination by 72%, 54% due to catalase, and 19% due to ECSOD. Superoxides 45-55 catalase Homo sapiens 124-132 17242675-5 2007 RESULTS: Combined scavenging of H(2)O(2) and superoxide with ECSOD and catalase suppressed demyelination by 72%, 54% due to catalase, and 19% due to ECSOD. Superoxides 45-55 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 149-154 16980348-8 2007 These findings indicate that hypercholesterolemia-induced increases in venular leukocyte and platelet adhesion might contribute to the impaired endothelium-dependent dilation of closely paired arterioles via a mechanism that is distance limited and dependent on P-selectin and superoxide. Superoxides 277-287 selectin, platelet Mus musculus 262-272 18002134-3 2007 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) competes with NO for superoxide, and reduces the formation of peroxynitrite. Superoxides 48-58 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 16951043-0 2007 Superoxide mediates acute renal vasoconstriction produced by angiotensin II and catecholamines by a mechanism independent of nitric oxide. Superoxides 0-10 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 61-75 18002134-3 2007 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) competes with NO for superoxide, and reduces the formation of peroxynitrite. Superoxides 48-58 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 18002134-7 2007 Results indicate that SOD location and concentration in the arteriole significantly affect superoxide concentration. Superoxides 91-101 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 18002134-8 2007 The model predicts that a reduction in SOD levels results in increased superoxide and peroxynitrite concentrations and decreased NO concentration in the vessel. Superoxides 71-81 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 39-42 17901563-0 2007 The highly expressed and inducible endogenous NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 in cardiovascular cells acts as a potential superoxide scavenger. Superoxides 123-133 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 46-78 17115888-3 2007 The GTP binding protein Rac regulates a wide variety of cellular functions, including the activation of NADPH oxidase, the major source of O2*-in the blood vessel wall. Superoxides 139-142 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 24-27 17082482-0 2007 The CX3C chemokine fractalkine induces vascular dysfunction by generation of superoxide anions. Superoxides 77-94 C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1 Rattus norvegicus 19-30 17082482-10 2007 Aortic superoxide formation was enhanced by fractalkine, which was inhibited by diphenyleneiodonium but not by inhibitors of xanthine oxidase or NO synthase. Superoxides 7-17 C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1 Rattus norvegicus 44-55 17202657-7 2007 CCl4 caused significant changes of activities of the enzymes, MDA level, and the rate of O2*- generation and histopathological changes of acute hepatic injury were noted. Superoxides 89-91 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 18806309-8 2007 These results suggest that GSH oxidation catalyzed by selenite, and the diselenides selenocystamine and diselenodipropionic acid, generated the superoxide radical in which the CL was inhibited by SOD. Superoxides 144-162 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 196-199 17901563-1 2007 It has recently been demonstrated that purified NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is able to scavenge superoxide (O2(.-)) though the rate of reaction of O2(.-) with NQO1 is much lower than the rate of enzymatic dismutation catalyzed by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 108-118 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 48-80 17901563-1 2007 It has recently been demonstrated that purified NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is able to scavenge superoxide (O2(.-)) though the rate of reaction of O2(.-) with NQO1 is much lower than the rate of enzymatic dismutation catalyzed by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 108-118 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 82-86 17901563-1 2007 It has recently been demonstrated that purified NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is able to scavenge superoxide (O2(.-)) though the rate of reaction of O2(.-) with NQO1 is much lower than the rate of enzymatic dismutation catalyzed by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 108-118 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 171-175 17901563-1 2007 It has recently been demonstrated that purified NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is able to scavenge superoxide (O2(.-)) though the rate of reaction of O2(.-) with NQO1 is much lower than the rate of enzymatic dismutation catalyzed by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 120-122 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 48-80 17901563-1 2007 It has recently been demonstrated that purified NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is able to scavenge superoxide (O2(.-)) though the rate of reaction of O2(.-) with NQO1 is much lower than the rate of enzymatic dismutation catalyzed by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 120-122 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 82-86 17901563-1 2007 It has recently been demonstrated that purified NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is able to scavenge superoxide (O2(.-)) though the rate of reaction of O2(.-) with NQO1 is much lower than the rate of enzymatic dismutation catalyzed by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 120-122 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 171-175 17901563-1 2007 It has recently been demonstrated that purified NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is able to scavenge superoxide (O2(.-)) though the rate of reaction of O2(.-) with NQO1 is much lower than the rate of enzymatic dismutation catalyzed by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 159-161 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 48-80 17901563-1 2007 It has recently been demonstrated that purified NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is able to scavenge superoxide (O2(.-)) though the rate of reaction of O2(.-) with NQO1 is much lower than the rate of enzymatic dismutation catalyzed by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 159-161 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 82-86 17901563-1 2007 It has recently been demonstrated that purified NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) is able to scavenge superoxide (O2(.-)) though the rate of reaction of O2(.-) with NQO1 is much lower than the rate of enzymatic dismutation catalyzed by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 159-161 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 171-175 17901563-2 2007 This study was undertaken to determine if the endogenously expressed NQO1 in cardiovascular cells could scavenge O2(.-). Superoxides 113-115 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 69-73 17901563-5 2007 Cytosols from H9c2 and human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) were isolated to determine the O2(.-) scavenging ability of the endogenously expressed NQO1 by using pyrogallol autooxidation assay. Superoxides 96-98 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 152-156 17901563-7 2007 The NADH/NADPH-dependent inhibition of pyrogallol autooxidation by the cytosols was completely abolished by the NQO1-specific inhibitor, ES936, suggesting that the endogenously expressed NQO1 could scavenge O2(.-). Superoxides 207-209 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 112-116 17901563-7 2007 The NADH/NADPH-dependent inhibition of pyrogallol autooxidation by the cytosols was completely abolished by the NQO1-specific inhibitor, ES936, suggesting that the endogenously expressed NQO1 could scavenge O2(.-). Superoxides 207-209 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 187-191 17901563-10 2007 5-(Diethoxyphosphoryl)-5-methyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide spin-trapping experiments using potassium superoxide as a O2(.-) generator further confirmed the ability of NQO1 from HASMCs to scavenge O2(.-). Superoxides 110-112 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 160-164 17901563-10 2007 5-(Diethoxyphosphoryl)-5-methyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide spin-trapping experiments using potassium superoxide as a O2(.-) generator further confirmed the ability of NQO1 from HASMCs to scavenge O2(.-). Superoxides 189-191 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 160-164 17901563-11 2007 The spin-trapping experiments also showed that induction of NQO1 by D3T in HASMCs augmented the O2(.-) scavenging ability. Superoxides 96-98 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 60-64 17894858-15 2007 Those exosomes have an active role in vascular signaling as redox-active particles that can induce endothelial cell caspase-3 activation and apoptosis by generating superoxide, NO and peroxynitrite. Superoxides 165-175 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 116-125 17641392-3 2007 Along with minimizing NO scavenging by superoxide and reducing the formation of peroxynitrite, these complexes may also prolong sGC stability by retarding its degradation. Superoxides 39-49 sarcoglycan beta Homo sapiens 128-131 17192473-2 2007 We recently reported that in aortic endothelial cells, Ang II induces endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling to produce superoxide (O(2)*(-)) rather than nitric oxide (NO*), upon loss of the tetrahydrobiopterin (H(4)B) salvage enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Superoxides 133-143 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 55-61 17192473-2 2007 We recently reported that in aortic endothelial cells, Ang II induces endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling to produce superoxide (O(2)*(-)) rather than nitric oxide (NO*), upon loss of the tetrahydrobiopterin (H(4)B) salvage enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). Superoxides 145-148 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 55-61 17099894-7 2007 mSOD1 mouse MNs accumulate mitochondria from the axon terminals and generate higher levels of superoxide, nitric oxide, and peroxynitrite than MNs in control mice. Superoxides 94-104 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 0-5 17143071-7 2007 Angiotensin II-nitric oxide interactions are modulated by reactive oxygen species, as shown by angiotensin II type 1-mediated activation of superoxide and depression of antioxidant enzymes leading to reduced nitric oxide concentration - mechanisms that may be also important in angiotensin II-dependent hypertension. Superoxides 140-150 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-14 17143071-7 2007 Angiotensin II-nitric oxide interactions are modulated by reactive oxygen species, as shown by angiotensin II type 1-mediated activation of superoxide and depression of antioxidant enzymes leading to reduced nitric oxide concentration - mechanisms that may be also important in angiotensin II-dependent hypertension. Superoxides 140-150 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 95-109 17541276-12 2007 Finally, theophylline attenuated the superoxide anion generation from IL-8-stimulated neutrophils on the Matrigel-coated plates. Superoxides 37-53 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 70-74 17097745-3 2007 Stable overexpression of SOD1 caused significant decreases in superoxide and nitric oxide production, with concurrent increases in hydrogen peroxide following LPS. Superoxides 62-72 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 25-29 17898468-7 2007 SOD activity was determined by the stopped-flow analysis and cytochrome c assay, which allowed the evaluation of k(cat) and IC(50) for the reaction with a superoxide anion radical (.O(2)(-)). Superoxides 155-179 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 61-73 17060455-6 2007 This provides new molecular insights into regulation of the neutrophil NADPH oxidase, suggesting that chemoattractant-stimulated superoxide production can be amplified by a positive feedback loop in which p67(phox) targets Vav1-mediated Rac activation. Superoxides 129-139 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 205-208 17293058-4 2007 Superoxide can directly quench NO; moreover, by giving rise to peroxynitrite, it can oxidize the cNOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), thereby suppressing cNOS activity and converting it to superoxide generator. Superoxides 0-10 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 97-101 17293058-4 2007 Superoxide can directly quench NO; moreover, by giving rise to peroxynitrite, it can oxidize the cNOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), thereby suppressing cNOS activity and converting it to superoxide generator. Superoxides 0-10 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 158-162 17293058-4 2007 Superoxide can directly quench NO; moreover, by giving rise to peroxynitrite, it can oxidize the cNOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), thereby suppressing cNOS activity and converting it to superoxide generator. Superoxides 193-203 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 97-101 17060455-6 2007 This provides new molecular insights into regulation of the neutrophil NADPH oxidase, suggesting that chemoattractant-stimulated superoxide production can be amplified by a positive feedback loop in which p67(phox) targets Vav1-mediated Rac activation. Superoxides 129-139 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 237-240 17284935-9 2007 These results demonstrated that PEDF could inhibit diabetes- or AGE-induced RAGE gene expression by blocking the superoxide-mediated NF-kappaB activation. Superoxides 113-123 advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor Rattus norvegicus 76-80 17113923-2 2006 Previous reports have shown that angiotensin II (Ang II) induces the production of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)), and impairment of endothelial function in cerebral microvessels in vivo. Superoxides 83-99 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 33-47 17164139-1 2007 When working on the regulation of prostacyclin synthase (PGIS), we found that PGIS was selectively inhibited by peroxynitrite (ONOO-), a potent oxidant formed by the combination of superoxide anion and nitric oxide (NO) at a rate of diffusion-controlled. Superoxides 181-197 prostaglandin I2 synthase Homo sapiens 34-55 17164139-1 2007 When working on the regulation of prostacyclin synthase (PGIS), we found that PGIS was selectively inhibited by peroxynitrite (ONOO-), a potent oxidant formed by the combination of superoxide anion and nitric oxide (NO) at a rate of diffusion-controlled. Superoxides 181-197 prostaglandin I2 synthase Homo sapiens 57-61 17164139-1 2007 When working on the regulation of prostacyclin synthase (PGIS), we found that PGIS was selectively inhibited by peroxynitrite (ONOO-), a potent oxidant formed by the combination of superoxide anion and nitric oxide (NO) at a rate of diffusion-controlled. Superoxides 181-197 prostaglandin I2 synthase Homo sapiens 78-82 17164139-8 2007 We conclude that the nitration of PGIS nitration might be a new pathogenic mechanism for superoxide-induced endothelium dysfunction often observed in vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, ischemia, endotoxic shock, and diabetes. Superoxides 89-99 prostaglandin I2 synthase Homo sapiens 34-38 17128987-1 2006 We have previously shown that redox agents including superoxide anion radical and nitrogen dioxide can react with GXXXXGK(S/T)C motif-containing GTPases (i.e., Rac1, Cdc42, and RhoA) to stimulate guanine nucleotide release. Superoxides 53-77 ras homolog family member A Homo sapiens 177-181 17113923-2 2006 Previous reports have shown that angiotensin II (Ang II) induces the production of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)), and impairment of endothelial function in cerebral microvessels in vivo. Superoxides 83-99 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 49-55 17113923-2 2006 Previous reports have shown that angiotensin II (Ang II) induces the production of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)), and impairment of endothelial function in cerebral microvessels in vivo. Superoxides 101-105 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 33-47 17113923-2 2006 Previous reports have shown that angiotensin II (Ang II) induces the production of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)), and impairment of endothelial function in cerebral microvessels in vivo. Superoxides 101-105 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 49-55 17113923-12 2006 Significant correlation was found between O(2)(-) positive cells and Ang II positive cell in the cerebrum. Superoxides 42-46 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 69-75 17172431-9 2006 Reexpression of wild-type p53 in PC3 cells resulted in increases in superoxide production, apoptosis, and caspase-9 activity and a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential following cotreatment with SeMet and METase. Superoxides 68-78 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 26-29 17384286-0 2006 Superoxide anions are involved in doxorubicin-induced ERK activation in hepatocyte cultures. Superoxides 0-17 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 54-57 16973969-6 2006 LPS treatment enhanced protein levels of p22(phox), a catalytic subunit of NADPH oxidase, and increased NADPH oxidase activity and levels of superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 141-151 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 0-3 17043164-1 2006 The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that loss of a single copy of the gene for CuZn superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) increases vascular superoxide levels and produces vascular dysfunction with aging. Superoxides 98-108 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 120-127 17043164-8 2006 Vascular superoxide levels were increased in aorta in old CuZnSOD(+/+) mice and increased further in CuZnSOD(+/-) mice with aging. Superoxides 9-19 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 58-65 17043164-8 2006 Vascular superoxide levels were increased in aorta in old CuZnSOD(+/+) mice and increased further in CuZnSOD(+/-) mice with aging. Superoxides 9-19 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 101-108 17043164-9 2006 These findings provide the first direct evidence that normal CuZnSOD expression protects endothelial function and that deficiency in a single copy of the gene that encodes CuZnSOD produces increases in superoxide and marked impairment of endothelial function with aging. Superoxides 202-212 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 172-179 17159810-12 2006 The structure of these complexes is similar to the active site of Cu,Zn-SOD (superoxide dismutase) and superoxide radical scavenger activity of these complexes is known. Superoxides 77-87 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 66-75 17159805-3 2006 Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a major NO scavenger and a marker of oxidative stress, as well as increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, may affect the NO-superoxide balance, critical for cellular redox balance in the cardiovascular system at physiologic conditions. Superoxides 168-178 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 99-130 16643813-13 2006 Neutrophil superoxide generation is significantly decreased by inhibition of thromboxane synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, or phospholipase A2. Superoxides 11-21 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 99-115 17159805-3 2006 Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a major NO scavenger and a marker of oxidative stress, as well as increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, may affect the NO-superoxide balance, critical for cellular redox balance in the cardiovascular system at physiologic conditions. Superoxides 168-178 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 132-136 16860001-13 2006 Superoxide anion may play a major role in angiotensin II contractions of human resistance arteries in the presence of cardiovascular disease. Superoxides 0-16 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 42-56 17020759-5 2006 In addition, oxidized ATP per se decreased the intracellular superoxide concentration, whereas ATP and the P2X(7) receptor-selective agonist 3"-O-(4-benzoylbenzoyl)adenosine 5"-triphosphate (BzATP) stimulated intracellular superoxide production, an effect inhibited by oxidized ATP. Superoxides 223-233 purinergic receptor P2X 7 Homo sapiens 107-122 16643813-13 2006 Neutrophil superoxide generation is significantly decreased by inhibition of thromboxane synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, or phospholipase A2. Superoxides 11-21 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 120-136 16643813-14 2006 NS-398 inhibits neutrophil superoxide generation as effectively as aspirin, suggesting that cyclooxygenase-2 plays an important role in neutrophil superoxide production mediated by thromboxane. Superoxides 27-37 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 92-108 16643813-14 2006 NS-398 inhibits neutrophil superoxide generation as effectively as aspirin, suggesting that cyclooxygenase-2 plays an important role in neutrophil superoxide production mediated by thromboxane. Superoxides 147-157 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 92-108 16822952-8 2006 TNF-alpha increased reactive oxygen species generation, including hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radicals, as detected by dihydrorhodamine-123 and dihydroethidium. Superoxides 88-98 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 0-9 17070425-11 2006 Amlodipine treatment in HCD-fed ApoE KO mice also reduced superoxide production in the ischemic area of the brain. Superoxides 58-68 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 32-36 17034361-0 2006 Adiponectin inhibits superoxide generation by human neutrophils. Superoxides 21-31 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Homo sapiens 0-11 17056004-1 2006 Hydrogen peroxide production in isolated pea thylakoids was studied in the presence of cytochrome c to prevent disproportionation of superoxide radicals outside of the thylakoid membranes. Superoxides 133-143 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 87-99 17052202-3 2006 Under physiological conditions, superoxide, formed as a by-product of respiration, activates UCP2. Superoxides 32-42 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 93-97 17052202-5 2006 It is suggested that the physiological role of UCP2 is to prevent excessive superoxide generation through a feedback loop. Superoxides 76-86 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 47-51 17023270-3 2006 The partially purified extract of V. coloratum (PPE-SVC) potently inhibited formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP)-induced superoxide anion generation and elastase release in a concentration-dependent manner with IC(50) values of 0.58+/-0.03 and 4.93+/-0.54 microg/ml, respectively. Superoxides 135-151 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 121-125 17122966-0 2006 Superoxide production and NADPH oxidase expression in human rheumatoid synovial cells: regulation by interleukin-1beta and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Superoxides 0-10 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 101-118 17023265-2 2006 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is a major superoxide scavenger in human plasma and vascular tissues. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 36-42 17122966-1 2006 OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the rheumatoid synovial cell capacity to produce superoxide anion in response to interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and to study the NADPH oxidase involvement in this production. Superoxides 73-89 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 105-122 17122966-1 2006 OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the rheumatoid synovial cell capacity to produce superoxide anion in response to interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and to study the NADPH oxidase involvement in this production. Superoxides 73-89 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 124-132 17122966-1 2006 OBJECTIVES: to evaluate the rheumatoid synovial cell capacity to produce superoxide anion in response to interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and to study the NADPH oxidase involvement in this production. Superoxides 73-89 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 168-177 17030506-3 2006 fMLP-stimulated superoxide production was completely abolished by SB203580, a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor, whereas anisomycin, a p38 MAP kinase activator, did not induce superoxide production, indicating that p38 MAP kinase was essential, but not sufficient, for NADPH oxidase activation. Superoxides 16-26 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 17015770-1 2006 Low rates of angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion raise blood pressure, renal vascular resistance (RVR), NADPH oxidase activity, and superoxide. Superoxides 129-139 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 13-27 17015770-1 2006 Low rates of angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion raise blood pressure, renal vascular resistance (RVR), NADPH oxidase activity, and superoxide. Superoxides 129-139 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 29-35 17030506-3 2006 fMLP-stimulated superoxide production was completely abolished by SB203580, a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor, whereas anisomycin, a p38 MAP kinase activator, did not induce superoxide production, indicating that p38 MAP kinase was essential, but not sufficient, for NADPH oxidase activation. Superoxides 16-26 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 78-92 17030506-3 2006 fMLP-stimulated superoxide production was completely abolished by SB203580, a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor, whereas anisomycin, a p38 MAP kinase activator, did not induce superoxide production, indicating that p38 MAP kinase was essential, but not sufficient, for NADPH oxidase activation. Superoxides 16-26 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 78-81 17030506-4 2006 Anisomycin pretreatment strongly activated p38 MAP kinase in fMLP-stimulated cells, accompanied by greatly increased superoxide production, suggesting that p38 MAP kinase determines the extent of the fMLP-stimulated NADPH oxidase activity. Superoxides 117-127 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 156-159 17030506-4 2006 Anisomycin pretreatment strongly activated p38 MAP kinase in fMLP-stimulated cells, accompanied by greatly increased superoxide production, suggesting that p38 MAP kinase determines the extent of the fMLP-stimulated NADPH oxidase activity. Superoxides 117-127 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 200-204 17030506-5 2006 Furthermore, superoxide production was remarkably reactivated by cytochalasin B addition after fMLP-stimulated production had disappeared, and this was correlated with highly activated p38 MAP kinase. Superoxides 13-23 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 95-99 17030506-5 2006 Furthermore, superoxide production was remarkably reactivated by cytochalasin B addition after fMLP-stimulated production had disappeared, and this was correlated with highly activated p38 MAP kinase. Superoxides 13-23 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 185-199 17056570-2 2006 Clustering of FcgammaRs results in the activation of Vav proteins, Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factors, and results in robust superoxide generation through the NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 134-144 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 71-74 17091389-8 2006 The induction of inducible NO synthase and the overproduction of NO and superoxide anions by LPS were also reduced by LK-4. Superoxides 72-89 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 93-96 16962985-0 2006 Nrf2 regulates an adaptive response protecting against oxidative damage following diquat-mediated formation of superoxide anion. Superoxides 111-127 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 0-4 17043238-8 2006 Compared with wild-type microglia, mSOD1(G93A) microglia produced and released more superoxide and nitrite+nitrate, and induced more neuronal death. Superoxides 84-94 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 35-40 17015180-3 2006 The current paradigm is that the presence of SOD results in a lower level of H(2)O(2) because it would prevent the non-enzymatic reactions of superoxide that form H(2)O(2). Superoxides 142-152 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 45-48 17015180-6 2006 We found that SOD could change the rate of formation of H(2)O(2) in cases where equilibrium-specific reactions form superoxide with an equilibrium constant (K) less than 1. Superoxides 116-126 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 14-17 16873728-2 2006 The purpose of this study was to determine whether SOD2 provides protection against increased vascular superoxide and endothelial dysfunction in apoE-deficient mice. Superoxides 103-113 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 51-55 16873728-6 2006 In carotid artery, superoxide was increased (67+/-5.2 relative fluorescence intensity/vessel area [RI] in apoe/sod2 mice, 31+/-3.1 RI in apoE/SOD2 mice, P<0.05), and relaxation to acetylcholine was impaired in apoe/sod2 mice versus apoe/ SOD2, apoE/sod2, apoE/SOD2 mice. Superoxides 19-29 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 106-110 16873728-6 2006 In carotid artery, superoxide was increased (67+/-5.2 relative fluorescence intensity/vessel area [RI] in apoe/sod2 mice, 31+/-3.1 RI in apoE/SOD2 mice, P<0.05), and relaxation to acetylcholine was impaired in apoe/sod2 mice versus apoe/ SOD2, apoE/sod2, apoE/SOD2 mice. Superoxides 19-29 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 111-115 16873728-6 2006 In carotid artery, superoxide was increased (67+/-5.2 relative fluorescence intensity/vessel area [RI] in apoe/sod2 mice, 31+/-3.1 RI in apoE/SOD2 mice, P<0.05), and relaxation to acetylcholine was impaired in apoe/sod2 mice versus apoe/ SOD2, apoE/sod2, apoE/SOD2 mice. Superoxides 19-29 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 137-141 16873728-6 2006 In carotid artery, superoxide was increased (67+/-5.2 relative fluorescence intensity/vessel area [RI] in apoe/sod2 mice, 31+/-3.1 RI in apoE/SOD2 mice, P<0.05), and relaxation to acetylcholine was impaired in apoe/sod2 mice versus apoe/ SOD2, apoE/sod2, apoE/SOD2 mice. Superoxides 19-29 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 142-146 16873728-6 2006 In carotid artery, superoxide was increased (67+/-5.2 relative fluorescence intensity/vessel area [RI] in apoe/sod2 mice, 31+/-3.1 RI in apoE/SOD2 mice, P<0.05), and relaxation to acetylcholine was impaired in apoe/sod2 mice versus apoe/ SOD2, apoE/sod2, apoE/SOD2 mice. Superoxides 19-29 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 213-217 16873728-6 2006 In carotid artery, superoxide was increased (67+/-5.2 relative fluorescence intensity/vessel area [RI] in apoe/sod2 mice, 31+/-3.1 RI in apoE/SOD2 mice, P<0.05), and relaxation to acetylcholine was impaired in apoe/sod2 mice versus apoe/ SOD2, apoE/sod2, apoE/SOD2 mice. Superoxides 19-29 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 218-222 16873728-6 2006 In carotid artery, superoxide was increased (67+/-5.2 relative fluorescence intensity/vessel area [RI] in apoe/sod2 mice, 31+/-3.1 RI in apoE/SOD2 mice, P<0.05), and relaxation to acetylcholine was impaired in apoe/sod2 mice versus apoe/ SOD2, apoE/sod2, apoE/SOD2 mice. Superoxides 19-29 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 213-217 16873728-6 2006 In carotid artery, superoxide was increased (67+/-5.2 relative fluorescence intensity/vessel area [RI] in apoe/sod2 mice, 31+/-3.1 RI in apoE/SOD2 mice, P<0.05), and relaxation to acetylcholine was impaired in apoe/sod2 mice versus apoe/ SOD2, apoE/sod2, apoE/SOD2 mice. Superoxides 19-29 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 241-245 16873728-6 2006 In carotid artery, superoxide was increased (67+/-5.2 relative fluorescence intensity/vessel area [RI] in apoe/sod2 mice, 31+/-3.1 RI in apoE/SOD2 mice, P<0.05), and relaxation to acetylcholine was impaired in apoe/sod2 mice versus apoe/ SOD2, apoE/sod2, apoE/SOD2 mice. Superoxides 19-29 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 247-251 16873728-6 2006 In carotid artery, superoxide was increased (67+/-5.2 relative fluorescence intensity/vessel area [RI] in apoe/sod2 mice, 31+/-3.1 RI in apoE/SOD2 mice, P<0.05), and relaxation to acetylcholine was impaired in apoe/sod2 mice versus apoe/ SOD2, apoE/sod2, apoE/SOD2 mice. Superoxides 19-29 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 218-222 16873728-6 2006 In carotid artery, superoxide was increased (67+/-5.2 relative fluorescence intensity/vessel area [RI] in apoe/sod2 mice, 31+/-3.1 RI in apoE/SOD2 mice, P<0.05), and relaxation to acetylcholine was impaired in apoe/sod2 mice versus apoe/ SOD2, apoE/sod2, apoE/SOD2 mice. Superoxides 19-29 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 247-251 16873728-6 2006 In carotid artery, superoxide was increased (67+/-5.2 relative fluorescence intensity/vessel area [RI] in apoe/sod2 mice, 31+/-3.1 RI in apoE/SOD2 mice, P<0.05), and relaxation to acetylcholine was impaired in apoe/sod2 mice versus apoe/ SOD2, apoE/sod2, apoE/SOD2 mice. Superoxides 19-29 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 241-245 16873728-8 2006 In aorta, superoxide levels were increased and relaxation to acetylcholine was impaired in apoe/sod2 and apoe/SOD2 mice, but responses were similar in apoe/sod2 and apoe/SOD2 mice. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 96-100 16873728-8 2006 In aorta, superoxide levels were increased and relaxation to acetylcholine was impaired in apoe/sod2 and apoe/SOD2 mice, but responses were similar in apoe/sod2 and apoe/SOD2 mice. Superoxides 10-20 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 105-109 16873728-8 2006 In aorta, superoxide levels were increased and relaxation to acetylcholine was impaired in apoe/sod2 and apoe/SOD2 mice, but responses were similar in apoe/sod2 and apoe/SOD2 mice. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 110-114 16873728-8 2006 In aorta, superoxide levels were increased and relaxation to acetylcholine was impaired in apoe/sod2 and apoe/SOD2 mice, but responses were similar in apoe/sod2 and apoe/SOD2 mice. Superoxides 10-20 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 105-109 16873728-8 2006 In aorta, superoxide levels were increased and relaxation to acetylcholine was impaired in apoe/sod2 and apoe/SOD2 mice, but responses were similar in apoe/sod2 and apoe/SOD2 mice. Superoxides 10-20 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 105-109 16765442-3 2006 Extracellularly generated superoxide elicited Ca(2+) transients and inhibited angiotensin II-induced cytoplasmic Ca(2+) signaling. Superoxides 26-36 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 78-92 16741139-10 2006 ANG II further increased superoxide production in LP only, and this was inhibited by coincubation with diphenylene iodonium or apocynin (inhibitor of NADPH oxidase complex). Superoxides 25-35 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-6 16741139-12 2006 In conclusion, vasoconstriction to ANG II is exaggerated in this model of developmental programming of hypertension, secondary to enhanced vascular production of superoxide anion by NADPH oxidase with concomitant increase of AT1R expression. Superoxides 162-178 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 35-41 16962276-2 2006 A mev-1 mutation in the cytochrome b large subunit (SDHC) of complex II results in superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) overproduction and therefore leads to apoptosis and precocious aging in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Superoxides 83-99 Succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial Caenorhabditis elegans 2-7 16890211-1 2006 OBJECTIVE: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide have been linked to the hypertrophic response of the heart to stimuli including angiotensin II (AngII), mechanical stretch, and pressure overload. Superoxides 49-59 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 140-154 16890211-1 2006 OBJECTIVE: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide have been linked to the hypertrophic response of the heart to stimuli including angiotensin II (AngII), mechanical stretch, and pressure overload. Superoxides 49-59 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 156-161 16890211-7 2006 RESULTS: AngII induced increases in cardiomyocyte size (to 176 +/- 9% n = 8 p < 0.001, at 48 h), beta-myosin heavy chain expression (to 4.0 +/- 1.6-fold n = 6 p < 0.05, at 48 h), c-fos expression (to 1.9 +/- 0.5-fold n = 7 p < 0.01, at 6 h), superoxide generation (to 181+/-21% n = 8 p < 0.005, at 24 h), and expression of the gp91phox subunit of NADPH oxidase (to 2.4 +/- 0.5-fold n = 7 p < 0.05, at 48 h). Superoxides 251-261 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 9-14 16890211-10 2006 ANP and tempol also significantly inhibited ET1-induced increases in cardiomyocyte size and superoxide generation, but had no effect on markers of hypertrophy when studied alone. Superoxides 92-102 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 44-47 16962276-2 2006 A mev-1 mutation in the cytochrome b large subunit (SDHC) of complex II results in superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) overproduction and therefore leads to apoptosis and precocious aging in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Superoxides 83-99 succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit C, integral membrane protein Mus musculus 52-56 16962276-2 2006 A mev-1 mutation in the cytochrome b large subunit (SDHC) of complex II results in superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) overproduction and therefore leads to apoptosis and precocious aging in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Superoxides 101-105 Succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial Caenorhabditis elegans 2-7 16962276-2 2006 A mev-1 mutation in the cytochrome b large subunit (SDHC) of complex II results in superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) overproduction and therefore leads to apoptosis and precocious aging in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Superoxides 101-105 succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit C, integral membrane protein Mus musculus 52-56 17050190-6 2006 Activation of gp91phox involves the integrated function of cytoplasmic proteins such as p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and the small guanosine triphosphatase Rac; these proteins translocate to the phagosomal membrane to interact with cytochrome b558, leading to superoxide production. Superoxides 258-268 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 154-157 16940222-3 2006 Angiotensin II infusion (1 mg/kg per day for 7 days) caused endothelial dysfunction in male Wistar rats and increased vascular superoxide as detected by lucigenin-derived chemiluminescence, as well as dihydroethidine staining. Superoxides 127-137 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-14 16971657-5 2006 The possibility that increases in superoxide and related products that are induced by low K intake were responsible for stimulating phosphorylation of P38 and ERK also was supported by the finding that application of H(2)O(2) increased the phosphorylation of ERK and P38 in the cultured mouse collecting duct cells. Superoxides 34-44 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 159-162 16971657-5 2006 The possibility that increases in superoxide and related products that are induced by low K intake were responsible for stimulating phosphorylation of P38 and ERK also was supported by the finding that application of H(2)O(2) increased the phosphorylation of ERK and P38 in the cultured mouse collecting duct cells. Superoxides 34-44 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 259-262 16971657-11 2006 It is concluded that low K intake-induced increases in superoxide levels are responsible for stimulation of P38 and ERK and that MAPK inhibit the SK channels by stimulating PTK expression and via a PTK-independent mechanism. Superoxides 55-65 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 116-119 16829532-5 2006 Introduction of intracellular- or extracellular-generated O2- during NO generation resulted in a concomitant increase in oxidative intermediates with a decrease in steady-state NO concentrations and a proportional reduction in the levels of sGC, ERK, HIF-1alpha, and p53 regulation. Superoxides 58-60 sarcoglycan beta Homo sapiens 241-244 16807359-6 2006 More importantly, IL-10 failed to protect DA neurons in cultures from mice lacking NADPH oxidase (PHOX), a key enzyme for extracellular superoxide production in immune cells, suggesting the critical role of PHOX in IL-10 neuroprotection. Superoxides 136-146 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Rattus norvegicus 98-102 17049599-1 2006 Angiotensin II (Ang II) and leptin generate statin-inhibitable superoxide anion production that accounts for only part of the entire superoxide anion production. Superoxides 63-79 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-14 17049599-1 2006 Angiotensin II (Ang II) and leptin generate statin-inhibitable superoxide anion production that accounts for only part of the entire superoxide anion production. Superoxides 63-79 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 16-22 17049599-1 2006 Angiotensin II (Ang II) and leptin generate statin-inhibitable superoxide anion production that accounts for only part of the entire superoxide anion production. Superoxides 133-149 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-14 17049599-1 2006 Angiotensin II (Ang II) and leptin generate statin-inhibitable superoxide anion production that accounts for only part of the entire superoxide anion production. Superoxides 133-149 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 16-22 17049599-6 2006 According to our results; (1) superoxide anion generation in HC-monocytes was elevated after Ang II, leptin and FMLP-stimulation, whereas PMA and A23187-stimulation had lower stimulating effect in HC than in control cells. Superoxides 30-46 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 93-99 17049599-6 2006 According to our results; (1) superoxide anion generation in HC-monocytes was elevated after Ang II, leptin and FMLP-stimulation, whereas PMA and A23187-stimulation had lower stimulating effect in HC than in control cells. Superoxides 30-46 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 112-116 17049599-8 2006 (3) The Ang II and leptin-induced total superoxide anion generation and cholesterol synthesis were more elevated in HC than in control monocytes. Superoxides 40-56 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 8-14 16908017-8 2006 Generation of superoxide (O(2)(-)) of the smooth muscle cells (with NADH presence), measured using the lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence, was markedly increased by angiotensin II (100 nM) and homocysteine (30 microM). Superoxides 14-24 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 167-181 16908017-8 2006 Generation of superoxide (O(2)(-)) of the smooth muscle cells (with NADH presence), measured using the lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence, was markedly increased by angiotensin II (100 nM) and homocysteine (30 microM). Superoxides 26-30 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 167-181 16829532-5 2006 Introduction of intracellular- or extracellular-generated O2- during NO generation resulted in a concomitant increase in oxidative intermediates with a decrease in steady-state NO concentrations and a proportional reduction in the levels of sGC, ERK, HIF-1alpha, and p53 regulation. Superoxides 58-60 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 246-249 16829532-5 2006 Introduction of intracellular- or extracellular-generated O2- during NO generation resulted in a concomitant increase in oxidative intermediates with a decrease in steady-state NO concentrations and a proportional reduction in the levels of sGC, ERK, HIF-1alpha, and p53 regulation. Superoxides 58-60 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 251-261 16829532-5 2006 Introduction of intracellular- or extracellular-generated O2- during NO generation resulted in a concomitant increase in oxidative intermediates with a decrease in steady-state NO concentrations and a proportional reduction in the levels of sGC, ERK, HIF-1alpha, and p53 regulation. Superoxides 58-60 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 267-270 16829532-8 2006 H2O2 in bolus or generated from the dismutation of O2- by SOD, was cytotoxic at high concentrations and activated p53 independent of NO. Superoxides 2-4 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 114-117 17017857-2 2006 The cytotoxic effects of these quinones are mainly due to the following two factors: (i) inhibition of DNA topoisomerase-II and, (ii) formation of semiquinone radical that can transfer an electron to oxygen to produce super oxide, which is catalyzed by flavoenzymes such as NADPH-cytochrome-P-450 reductase. Superoxides 218-229 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Homo sapiens 274-306 16987008-5 2006 Here the authors describe how the novel superoxide-producing Nox oxidases (Nox1, 3, 4, and 5) with different functions are regulated by p22( phox ), the Nox organizers, the Nox activators, and Rac, and how their expression is controlled at the transcriptional level. Superoxides 40-50 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 193-196 17122956-3 2006 Under the conditions of oxidative stress, superoxide dismutase (SOD) acts as an endogenous cellular defense system to degrade superoxide (O2-) into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 42-52 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 64-67 16781079-0 2006 PIN inhibits nitric oxide and superoxide production from purified neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Superoxides 30-40 dynein light chain LC8-type 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 16822492-8 2006 The Ang II treatment also increased vascular superoxide anion production and expression of nox1 and p22phox NADPH oxidase subunits. Superoxides 45-61 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 4-10 16894053-3 2006 We hypothesized that O(2)(-) stimulates NaCl absorption by activating protein kinase C (PKC). Superoxides 21-26 protein kinase C alpha Homo sapiens 88-91 16894053-9 2006 The PKC-alpha/beta-selective inhibitor Go976 (100 nmol/L) blocked the ability of O(2)(-) to stimulate Cl(-) absorption by isolated perfused medullary thick ascending limbs (Delta4.5+/-15.0%; n=5). Superoxides 81-88 protein kinase C alpha Homo sapiens 4-13 16894053-11 2006 We conclude that PKC-alpha is required for O(2)(-)-stimulated NaCl absorption in the thick ascending limb. Superoxides 43-50 protein kinase C alpha Homo sapiens 17-26 16626305-14 2006 Taken together, these results indicate that Hcy-stimulated superoxide anion production in monocytes is regulated through PKC-dependent phosphorylation of p47phox and p67phox subunits of NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 59-75 protein kinase C alpha Homo sapiens 121-124 16923948-2 2006 In previous studies, we showed that blocking neutrophil influx by treatment with SB265610, a selective CXCR2 antagonist, could partly reduce superoxide accumulation and preserve alveolar development in 60% O(2)-exposed newborn rats. Superoxides 141-151 C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 Rattus norvegicus 103-108 16923948-2 2006 In previous studies, we showed that blocking neutrophil influx by treatment with SB265610, a selective CXCR2 antagonist, could partly reduce superoxide accumulation and preserve alveolar development in 60% O(2)-exposed newborn rats. Superoxides 206-210 C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 Rattus norvegicus 103-108 16913815-1 2006 The enzyme Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) is a ubiquitous oxireductase, which is responsible for the cellular defense against oxidative stress caused by the high toxicity of the superoxide radical, and has been also linked to some cases of familiar amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Superoxides 187-205 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 11-38 16913815-1 2006 The enzyme Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) is a ubiquitous oxireductase, which is responsible for the cellular defense against oxidative stress caused by the high toxicity of the superoxide radical, and has been also linked to some cases of familiar amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Superoxides 187-205 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 40-49 16626305-8 2006 Hcy treatment (20-100 microM) caused an activation of NADPH oxidase and an increase in the superoxide anion level in monocytes (THP-1, a human monocytic cell line). Superoxides 91-107 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 128-133 16814765-6 2006 The cAMP response was also inhibited by pre-treatment with the specific peroxide scavenger, ebselen, but not superoxide dismutase, or NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), thus, suggesting the possible involvement of a peroxide rather than O(2)(-) or nitric oxide (NO). Superoxides 245-252 cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide Homo sapiens 4-8 16670255-2 2006 In this study, we used genetic tools to test the hypothesis that increased formation of superoxide (O2-*) radicals from a Rac1-regulated Nox2-containing NADPH oxidase is a key upstream mediator of ANG II-induced activation of serine-threonine kinase Akt, and that this signaling cascade plays a crucial role in ANG II-dependent cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Superoxides 88-100 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 197-203 16670255-2 2006 In this study, we used genetic tools to test the hypothesis that increased formation of superoxide (O2-*) radicals from a Rac1-regulated Nox2-containing NADPH oxidase is a key upstream mediator of ANG II-induced activation of serine-threonine kinase Akt, and that this signaling cascade plays a crucial role in ANG II-dependent cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Superoxides 88-100 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 311-317 16670255-8 2006 These findings suggest that O2-* generated by a Nox2-containing NADPH oxidase is a central mediator of ANG II-induced Akt activation and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and that dysregulation of this signaling cascade may play an important role in cardiac hypertrophy. Superoxides 28-30 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 103-109 16914587-7 2006 The inhibition of SOD1 activity in endothelial cells is dose and time dependent and leads to an increase in the steady-state levels of superoxide anions, resulting in the inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation without apparent induction of apoptosis. Superoxides 135-152 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 18-22 16762923-0 2006 Direct involvement of the small GTPase Rac in activation of the superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase Nox1. Superoxides 64-74 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 39-42 16762923-1 2006 Activation of the non-phagocytic superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase Nox1, complexed with p22(phox) at the membrane, requires its regulatory soluble proteins Noxo1 and Noxa1. Superoxides 33-43 NADPH oxidase activator 1 Homo sapiens 167-172 16762923-4 2006 Electropermeabilized HeLa cells, ectopically expressing Nox1, Noxo1, and Noxa1, produce superoxide in a GTP-dependent manner, which is abrogated by expression of a mutant Noxa1(R103E), defective in Rac binding. Superoxides 88-98 NADPH oxidase activator 1 Homo sapiens 73-78 16762923-4 2006 Electropermeabilized HeLa cells, ectopically expressing Nox1, Noxo1, and Noxa1, produce superoxide in a GTP-dependent manner, which is abrogated by expression of a mutant Noxa1(R103E), defective in Rac binding. Superoxides 88-98 NADPH oxidase activator 1 Homo sapiens 171-176 16762923-4 2006 Electropermeabilized HeLa cells, ectopically expressing Nox1, Noxo1, and Noxa1, produce superoxide in a GTP-dependent manner, which is abrogated by expression of a mutant Noxa1(R103E), defective in Rac binding. Superoxides 88-98 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 198-201 16762923-5 2006 Superoxide production in Nox1-expressing HeLa and Caco-2 cells is decreased by depletion or sequestration of Rac; on the other hand, it is enhanced by expression of the constitutively active Rac1(Q61L), but not by that of a mutant Rac1 with the A27K substitution, deficient in binding to Noxa1. Superoxides 0-10 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 109-112 16762923-5 2006 Superoxide production in Nox1-expressing HeLa and Caco-2 cells is decreased by depletion or sequestration of Rac; on the other hand, it is enhanced by expression of the constitutively active Rac1(Q61L), but not by that of a mutant Rac1 with the A27K substitution, deficient in binding to Noxa1. Superoxides 0-10 NADPH oxidase activator 1 Homo sapiens 288-293 16714011-9 2006 O-phosphoserylethanolamine, a new dipeptide isolated from mamushi, also suppressed fMLP-induced superoxide generation in human neutrophils in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 96-106 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 83-87 16489119-6 2006 The results showed that exposure of cells to silica led to NFAT transactivation and TNF-alpha induction, where superoxide anion radical (O(2)(-). Superoxides 111-135 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 84-93 16489119-6 2006 The results showed that exposure of cells to silica led to NFAT transactivation and TNF-alpha induction, where superoxide anion radical (O(2)(-). Superoxides 137-141 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 84-93 16489119-9 2006 This study demonstrated that silica was able to activate NFAT in an O(2)(-).-dependent manner, which was required for TNF-alpha induction. Superoxides 68-72 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 118-127 16603691-7 2006 These findings suggest that 1) agonist-induced Ca2+ responses and NO levels are reduced in aortas of rats on a HS diet; 2) increased vascular superoxide levels contribute to NO destruction, and, eventually, to impaired Ca2+ signaling in the vascular endothelial cells; and 3) reduced circulating ANG II levels during elevated dietary salt lead to elevated superoxide levels, impaired endothelial Ca2+ signaling, and reduced NO production in the endothelium. Superoxides 142-152 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 296-302 16919916-10 2006 These results demonstrate that increased intracellular superoxide concentrations are proinflammatory in neutrophils, acting through a p38 MAPK dependent mechanism that results in enhanced nuclear accumulation of NF-kappaB and increased expression of NF-kappaB dependent proinflammatory cytokines. Superoxides 55-65 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 134-137 16919916-10 2006 These results demonstrate that increased intracellular superoxide concentrations are proinflammatory in neutrophils, acting through a p38 MAPK dependent mechanism that results in enhanced nuclear accumulation of NF-kappaB and increased expression of NF-kappaB dependent proinflammatory cytokines. Superoxides 55-65 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 212-221 16919916-10 2006 These results demonstrate that increased intracellular superoxide concentrations are proinflammatory in neutrophils, acting through a p38 MAPK dependent mechanism that results in enhanced nuclear accumulation of NF-kappaB and increased expression of NF-kappaB dependent proinflammatory cytokines. Superoxides 55-65 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 250-259 16714011-4 2006 RESULTS: Mamushi aqueous extract markedly suppressed fMLP-induced superoxide generation in a concentration-dependent manner. Superoxides 66-76 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 53-57 16714011-5 2006 fMLP-induced translocation of cytosolic compounds p47phox, p67phox and Rac to the cell membrane was suppressed in parallel to the suppression of superoxide generation. Superoxides 145-155 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 16714011-6 2006 The fractions with MW below 10 kDa dose-dependently suppressed tyrosyl phosphorylation of 45.0, 77.6 and 99.5 kDa proteins in fMLP-treated human neutrophils; the inhibition of tyrosyl phosphorylation was in parallel to that of the fMLP-induced translocation of p47phox to the cell membrane and superoxide generation. Superoxides 294-304 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 126-130 16714011-7 2006 CONCLUSIONS: Mamushi aqueous extract markedly suppressed fMLP-induced superoxide generation in human neutrophils and also suppressed the translocation of cytosolic compounds to the cell membrane and tyrosyl phosphorylation of proteins. Superoxides 70-80 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 57-61 18220632-4 2006 The physiological role of UCP2 remains controversial, but it may act as a downstream signal transducer of superoxide. Superoxides 106-116 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 26-30 16864727-1 2006 BACKGROUND: Angiotensin II (Ang II) contributes to vascular pathology in part by stimulating NADPH oxidase activity, leading to increased formation of superoxide (O2-). Superoxides 151-161 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 12-26 16864727-1 2006 BACKGROUND: Angiotensin II (Ang II) contributes to vascular pathology in part by stimulating NADPH oxidase activity, leading to increased formation of superoxide (O2-). Superoxides 151-161 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 28-34 16864727-1 2006 BACKGROUND: Angiotensin II (Ang II) contributes to vascular pathology in part by stimulating NADPH oxidase activity, leading to increased formation of superoxide (O2-). Superoxides 163-165 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 12-26 16864727-1 2006 BACKGROUND: Angiotensin II (Ang II) contributes to vascular pathology in part by stimulating NADPH oxidase activity, leading to increased formation of superoxide (O2-). Superoxides 163-165 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 28-34 16911517-1 2006 Activation of the superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase Nox1 requires both the organizer protein Noxo1 and the activator protein Noxa1. Superoxides 18-28 NADPH oxidase activator 1 Homo sapiens 126-131 16790527-4 2006 The steady-state concentration of superoxide was significantly increased after 12 h, when SOD1 was only slightly decreased, and progressively returned to values close to those observed in control cells. Superoxides 34-44 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 90-94 16843826-8 2006 Neuronal NOS half-saturated with BH4 and the donor compound 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) were used as enzymatic and nonenzymatic sources of NO/superoxide, respectively. Superoxides 146-156 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 85-90 16820786-0 2006 Interferon-gamma enhances superoxide production in human mesangial cells via the JAK-STAT pathway. Superoxides 26-36 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 0-16 16820786-4 2006 Significant increases in O(2)(-) production with IFN-gamma were completely abolished by the flavin-containing enzyme inhibitor, diphenyleneiodonium (10 micromol/l), and the Janus-activated kinase (JAK)2 inhibitor, AG490 (100 micromol/l). Superoxides 25-30 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 49-58 16820786-8 2006 These data suggest that IFN-gamma stimulates O(2)(-) production in HMCs via the JAK-STAT pathway and NAD(P)H oxidase. Superoxides 45-49 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 24-33 16631605-2 2006 Although cytosolic Sod 1 has a key role in the detoxification of superoxide ((*)O(2)(-)), little is known about its importance in vascular aging. Superoxides 65-75 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 19-24 16928829-12 2006 The inhibition of AR expression and activity by selenite occurs via a redox mechanism involving GSH, superoxide, and Sp1. Superoxides 101-111 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 18-20 16543474-0 2006 FcgammaR-induced production of superoxide and inflammatory cytokines is differentially regulated by SHIP through its influence on PI3K and/or Ras/Erk pathways. Superoxides 31-41 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 146-149 16698001-12 2006 Transfection with RhoGDIalpha siRNA constructs potently reduced RhoGDIalpha protein expression, decreased AngII-induced superoxide production and lipid peroxidation, and inhibited AngII-induced leucine incorporation. Superoxides 120-130 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 106-111 16756966-7 2006 Exogenous superoxide augmented the contractile response to EFS and to phenylephrine in PVAT (-) MA, and this augmentation was blunted by inhibition of tyrosine kinase and MAPK/ERK. Superoxides 10-20 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 176-179 16564549-9 2006 But in neutrophils, FMLP-activated superoxide generation and [Ca2+]i increase were found being inhibited by exposure to CLZ . Superoxides 35-45 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 20-24 16524734-8 2006 For the inhibitory activity of fMLP-induced superoxide anion generation, 11a (2.7 microM), 11b (2.8 microM), and 13b (2.2 microM) are three of the most active. Superoxides 44-60 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 31-35 16828895-1 2006 Superoxide dismutases (SOD) are important anti-oxidant enzymes that guard against superoxide toxicity. Superoxides 82-92 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 23-26 16828895-2 2006 Various SOD enzymes have been characterized that employ either a copper, manganese, iron or nickel co-factor to carry out the disproportionation of superoxide. Superoxides 148-158 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 8-11 16819234-3 2006 Among them, viscolin (1) showed the most significant inhibition on superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils in response to fMLP (formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine). Superoxides 67-83 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 131-135 16714214-6 2006 In keeping with this mode of activation, C5a, known as an agent of superoxide generation, was also found to induce secretion of nitric oxide from human eosinophils and rat granulocytes and monocytes. Superoxides 67-77 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 41-44 16794486-7 2006 Abundance of gp91, nitrotyrosine formation and superoxide production, indices of inflammation and cardiac collagen content were increased in Ang II-treated FORKO compared to Ang II-treated WT mice (P < 0.05). Superoxides 47-57 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 141-147 16878272-6 2006 CYP2E1 is also an effective generator of reactive oxygen species such as the superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide, and in the presence of iron catalysts, it produces powerful oxidants such as the hydroxyl radical. Superoxides 77-101 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 16891456-3 2006 The authors suggested that inhibition of cell growth might result from an increase in intracellular superoxide production due to inhibition of NQO1. Superoxides 100-110 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 143-147 16891456-4 2006 We have recently shown that NQO1 can directly scavenge superoxide and this effect may become physiologically relevant in cells containing high NQO1 levels. Superoxides 55-65 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 16891456-4 2006 We have recently shown that NQO1 can directly scavenge superoxide and this effect may become physiologically relevant in cells containing high NQO1 levels. Superoxides 55-65 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 143-147 16891456-12 2006 In summary, mechanism-based inhibitors of NQO1, such as ES936, may be useful therapeutic agents for the treatment of pancreatic cancer, although the underlying mechanism seems to be independent of superoxide generation. Superoxides 197-207 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 42-46 16891474-0 2006 Inorganic selenium sensitizes prostate cancer cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis through superoxide/p53/Bax-mediated activation of mitochondrial pathway. Superoxides 87-97 TNF superfamily member 10 Homo sapiens 55-60 16677818-2 2006 Mice deficient in the mitochondrial form of superoxide dismutase (SOD2) die during embryonic or early postnatal development, precluding analysis of a pathological role for superoxide in adult tissue. Superoxides 44-54 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 66-70 16677818-4 2006 SOD2 immunoreactivity was specifically lost in a subset of somatomotor neurons resulting in enhanced superoxide production. Superoxides 101-111 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 0-4 16706650-3 2006 Of the several ECTO-NOX proteins now known, one is a novel cell surface form (arNOX) associated with lymphocytes, sera, saliva and perspiration of patients of age 50 or older and is capable of directly reducing ferric cytochrome c through the generation of superoxide. Superoxides 257-267 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 218-230 16763183-11 2006 The findings also suggest a gene dosing effect of CuZnSOD for increases in O2-, induction of cerebral vascular hypertrophy and impaired endothelium-dependent dilatation. Superoxides 75-77 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 50-57 16584925-4 2006 O2*- measured ex vivo by L-012-enhanced chemiluminescence was increased by 79+/-17% in whole sympathetic ganglia from apoE-/- mice (n=5) compared with sympathetic ganglia from control mice (n=5) (P<0.05). Superoxides 0-3 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 118-122 16584925-6 2006 Dihydroethidium staining confirmed the selective increase in O2*- in sympathetic ganglia of apoE-/- mice, and revealed the contribution of both neurons and non-neuronal cells to the O2*- generation. Superoxides 61-63 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 92-96 16584925-7 2006 We investigated the enzymatic source of increased O2*- in sympathetic ganglia of apoE-/- mice. Superoxides 50-52 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 81-85 16701555-5 2006 When we then exposed myocytes to the superoxide generator menadione, we observed significantly higher death of MEK-EE expressing myocytes. Superoxides 37-47 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 Homo sapiens 111-114 16769910-3 2006 In this study, we examined the hypothesis that BMP4 would induce hypertension in intact animals by increasing superoxide production from vascular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases and an impairment of vasodilation responses. Superoxides 110-120 bone morphogenetic protein 4 Mus musculus 47-51 16567040-2 2006 We have characterized the expression of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD), one of the main antioxidant proteins involved in the breakdown of superoxide, in the immature rat dorsolateral subventricular zone (SVZ), rostral migratory stream (RMS) and hippocampal subgranular zone (SGZ). Superoxides 46-56 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 68-77 16650385-4 2006 At pH 6.8 and 25 degrees C in the presence of 0.02 U/ml of XO, 10 and 20 microM allopurinol both produced 10 microM oxypurinol and 2.8 microM superoxide radical (determined by cytochrome C reduction). Superoxides 142-160 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 176-188 16630555-0 2006 Simultaneous measurement of superoxide generation and intracellular Ca2+ concentration reveals the effect of extracellular Ca2+ on rapid and transient contents of superoxide generation in differentiated THP-1 cells. Superoxides 28-38 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 203-208 16630555-2 2006 A human monocytic cell line, THP-1, differentiated to be neutrophil-like cells generated superoxide with increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration when stimulated with formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) whereas PMA, phorbol ester-stimulated superoxide response occurred without change in [Ca2+]i. Superoxides 89-99 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 29-34 16630555-0 2006 Simultaneous measurement of superoxide generation and intracellular Ca2+ concentration reveals the effect of extracellular Ca2+ on rapid and transient contents of superoxide generation in differentiated THP-1 cells. Superoxides 163-173 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 203-208 16630555-2 2006 A human monocytic cell line, THP-1, differentiated to be neutrophil-like cells generated superoxide with increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration when stimulated with formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) whereas PMA, phorbol ester-stimulated superoxide response occurred without change in [Ca2+]i. Superoxides 89-99 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 210-214 16630555-2 2006 A human monocytic cell line, THP-1, differentiated to be neutrophil-like cells generated superoxide with increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration when stimulated with formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) whereas PMA, phorbol ester-stimulated superoxide response occurred without change in [Ca2+]i. Superoxides 254-264 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 29-34 16630555-2 2006 A human monocytic cell line, THP-1, differentiated to be neutrophil-like cells generated superoxide with increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration when stimulated with formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) whereas PMA, phorbol ester-stimulated superoxide response occurred without change in [Ca2+]i. Superoxides 254-264 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 210-214 16630604-10 2006 It was suggested that, apart from its anti-hypertensive effect, the mechanism of suppressed NT degradation in the renal cortex by the ACE inhibitor enhances both O2*- degradation per se and antioxidative effects including SOD activation. Superoxides 162-164 angiotensin I converting enzyme Rattus norvegicus 134-137 16630555-5 2006 Verapamil, voltage-dependent Ca2+ channel blocker, dose-dependently inhibited fMLP-stimulated extracellular Ca2+ influx and superoxide generation without affecting PMA-stimulated superoxide generation. Superoxides 124-134 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 78-82 16684951-10 2006 As DPI can also inhibit endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) superoxide generation, we repeated this experiment using a more specific NADPH oxidase inhibitor (apocynin) and an inhibitor of NOS (3-ethylisothiourea). Superoxides 65-75 nitric oxide synthase, endothelial Ovis aries 24-57 16684951-10 2006 As DPI can also inhibit endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) superoxide generation, we repeated this experiment using a more specific NADPH oxidase inhibitor (apocynin) and an inhibitor of NOS (3-ethylisothiourea). Superoxides 65-75 nitric oxide synthase, endothelial Ovis aries 59-63 16684951-14 2006 Finally, we demonstrated that the addition of BH(2) produced an increase in superoxide generation from purified, recombinant eNOS. Superoxides 76-86 nitric oxide synthase, endothelial Ovis aries 125-129 16716903-2 2006 The present study assessed the hypothesis that O2*- or H2O2 levels augmented by the reduced molecular synthesis or enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), or glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), where sympathetic premotor neurons that generate tonic vasomotor tone are located, contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension. Superoxides 47-49 catalase Rattus norvegicus 162-170 16716903-2 2006 The present study assessed the hypothesis that O2*- or H2O2 levels augmented by the reduced molecular synthesis or enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), or glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), where sympathetic premotor neurons that generate tonic vasomotor tone are located, contribute to the pathogenesis of hypertension. Superoxides 47-49 catalase Rattus norvegicus 172-175 16716906-1 2006 Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) and heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) have been anticipated to regulate endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-dependent superoxide anion radical (O2*-) generation in endothelial cells. Superoxides 145-169 nitric oxide synthase 3 Bos taurus 94-127 16716906-1 2006 Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) and heat shock protein 90 (hsp90) have been anticipated to regulate endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-dependent superoxide anion radical (O2*-) generation in endothelial cells. Superoxides 171-173 nitric oxide synthase 3 Bos taurus 94-127 16716903-4 2006 A causative relationship between these biochemical correlates of oxidative stress and neurogenic hypertension was established when gene transfer by microinjection of adenovirus encoding SOD1, SOD2, or CAT into the bilateral RVLM promoted a long-lasting reduction in arterial pressure in SHR, but not WKY rats, accompanied by an enhanced SOD1, SOD2, or CAT protein expression or enzyme activity and reduced O2*- or H2O2 level in the RVLM. Superoxides 406-408 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 186-190 16716903-4 2006 A causative relationship between these biochemical correlates of oxidative stress and neurogenic hypertension was established when gene transfer by microinjection of adenovirus encoding SOD1, SOD2, or CAT into the bilateral RVLM promoted a long-lasting reduction in arterial pressure in SHR, but not WKY rats, accompanied by an enhanced SOD1, SOD2, or CAT protein expression or enzyme activity and reduced O2*- or H2O2 level in the RVLM. Superoxides 406-408 catalase Rattus norvegicus 201-204 16716903-5 2006 These results together suggest that downregulation of gene expression and enzyme activity of the antioxidant SOD1, SOD2, or CAT may underlie the augmented levels of O2*- and H2O2 in the RVLM, leading to oxidative stress and hypertension in SHR. Superoxides 165-167 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 109-113 16716903-5 2006 These results together suggest that downregulation of gene expression and enzyme activity of the antioxidant SOD1, SOD2, or CAT may underlie the augmented levels of O2*- and H2O2 in the RVLM, leading to oxidative stress and hypertension in SHR. Superoxides 165-167 catalase Rattus norvegicus 124-127 16788048-0 2006 Superoxide production in human neutrophils is enhanced by treatment with transmembrane peptides derived from human formyl peptide receptor. Superoxides 0-10 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 115-138 16680451-5 2006 We propose that changes in superoxide levels due to alteration of SOD1 activity affect iron metabolism in glial and neuronal cells from higher eukaryotes and that this may be relevant to diseases of the nervous system. Superoxides 27-37 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 66-70 16788048-6 2006 However, Neutrophils treated with hFPRTM4 produced 4-fold superoxide anion compared with untreated cells when stimulated with FPR agonist fMLP. Superoxides 58-74 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 35-38 16788048-6 2006 However, Neutrophils treated with hFPRTM4 produced 4-fold superoxide anion compared with untreated cells when stimulated with FPR agonist fMLP. Superoxides 58-74 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 138-142 16547169-3 2006 On incubation of human coronary artery endothelial cells with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (50 ng/ml), monocyte adhesion significantly increased with increased superoxide generation and expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) accompanied by increased degradation of inhibitory kappaBalpha in cytoplasm and activation of nuclear factor-kappaB p65 in nucleus. Superoxides 171-181 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 62-89 16685209-0 2006 Synergistic effect of mechanical stretch and angiotensin II on superoxide production via NADPH oxidase in vascular smooth muscle cells. Superoxides 63-73 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 45-59 16685209-8 2006 The combined effects of mechanical strain and angiotensin II might promote vascular damage through the production of superoxide in a hypertensive state. Superoxides 117-127 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 46-60 16547169-3 2006 On incubation of human coronary artery endothelial cells with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (50 ng/ml), monocyte adhesion significantly increased with increased superoxide generation and expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) accompanied by increased degradation of inhibitory kappaBalpha in cytoplasm and activation of nuclear factor-kappaB p65 in nucleus. Superoxides 171-181 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 91-100 16547169-7 2006 In conclusion, increased cAMP level by cilostazol is directly coupled to its maxi-K channel opening action via protein kinase activation in human endothelial cells, thereby suppressing TNF-alpha-stimulated superoxide production and expression of adhesion molecules. Superoxides 206-216 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 185-194 16510283-2 2006 Most of the newly synthesized compounds exhibited superior inhibitory activity than both the lead compound and the positive control (trifluoperazine) toward fMLP-stimulated neutrophil superoxide formation. Superoxides 184-194 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 157-161 16647052-6 2006 Superoxide, TNFalpha and U46619 elicited an increase in the formation of superoxide and induced gp91(phox) expression in pulmonary artery endothelial cells following a 16 h incubation an effect blocked by the continual presence of SOD and apocynin but not catalase. Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 231-234 16647052-6 2006 Superoxide, TNFalpha and U46619 elicited an increase in the formation of superoxide and induced gp91(phox) expression in pulmonary artery endothelial cells following a 16 h incubation an effect blocked by the continual presence of SOD and apocynin but not catalase. Superoxides 0-10 catalase Homo sapiens 256-264 16647052-6 2006 Superoxide, TNFalpha and U46619 elicited an increase in the formation of superoxide and induced gp91(phox) expression in pulmonary artery endothelial cells following a 16 h incubation an effect blocked by the continual presence of SOD and apocynin but not catalase. Superoxides 73-83 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 12-20 16531408-0 2006 Direct and indirect roles of cytochrome b in the mediation of superoxide generation and NO catabolism by mitochondrial succinate-cytochrome c reductase. Superoxides 62-72 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 129-141 16619190-8 2006 IL-1 beta-/- mice showed decreased recruitment of granulocytes in response to an intraperitoneal C. albicans challenge, and generation of superoxide production was diminished in IL-1 beta-/- granulocytes. Superoxides 138-148 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 0-9 16619190-8 2006 IL-1 beta-/- mice showed decreased recruitment of granulocytes in response to an intraperitoneal C. albicans challenge, and generation of superoxide production was diminished in IL-1 beta-/- granulocytes. Superoxides 138-148 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 178-187 16531408-2 2006 Succinate-cytochrome c reductase (SCR) of the electron transport chain has been implicated as an essential part of the mediation of O2*- generation and an alternative target of nitric oxide (NO) in the regulation of mitochondrial respiration. Superoxides 132-134 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 10-22 16771675-1 2006 Activation of the enzyme Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) involves several posttranslational modifications including copper and zinc binding, as well as formation of the intramolecular disulfide bond. Superoxides 31-41 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 53-57 16551617-6 2006 Tracing SOD-ScFv by fluorescein isothiocyanate and superoxide anions (O2*-) in SPC-A-1 cells showed that the fusion protein could recognize and enter SPC-A-1 cells to eliminate O2*-. Superoxides 51-68 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 8-11 16551617-6 2006 Tracing SOD-ScFv by fluorescein isothiocyanate and superoxide anions (O2*-) in SPC-A-1 cells showed that the fusion protein could recognize and enter SPC-A-1 cells to eliminate O2*-. Superoxides 51-68 immunglobulin heavy chain variable region Homo sapiens 12-16 16551617-6 2006 Tracing SOD-ScFv by fluorescein isothiocyanate and superoxide anions (O2*-) in SPC-A-1 cells showed that the fusion protein could recognize and enter SPC-A-1 cells to eliminate O2*-. Superoxides 51-68 proline rich protein gene cluster Homo sapiens 150-153 16551617-6 2006 Tracing SOD-ScFv by fluorescein isothiocyanate and superoxide anions (O2*-) in SPC-A-1 cells showed that the fusion protein could recognize and enter SPC-A-1 cells to eliminate O2*-. Superoxides 70-72 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 8-11 16551617-6 2006 Tracing SOD-ScFv by fluorescein isothiocyanate and superoxide anions (O2*-) in SPC-A-1 cells showed that the fusion protein could recognize and enter SPC-A-1 cells to eliminate O2*-. Superoxides 70-72 immunglobulin heavy chain variable region Homo sapiens 12-16 16551617-6 2006 Tracing SOD-ScFv by fluorescein isothiocyanate and superoxide anions (O2*-) in SPC-A-1 cells showed that the fusion protein could recognize and enter SPC-A-1 cells to eliminate O2*-. Superoxides 70-72 proline rich protein gene cluster Homo sapiens 150-153 16551617-6 2006 Tracing SOD-ScFv by fluorescein isothiocyanate and superoxide anions (O2*-) in SPC-A-1 cells showed that the fusion protein could recognize and enter SPC-A-1 cells to eliminate O2*-. Superoxides 70-73 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 8-11 16551617-6 2006 Tracing SOD-ScFv by fluorescein isothiocyanate and superoxide anions (O2*-) in SPC-A-1 cells showed that the fusion protein could recognize and enter SPC-A-1 cells to eliminate O2*-. Superoxides 70-73 immunglobulin heavy chain variable region Homo sapiens 12-16 16551617-6 2006 Tracing SOD-ScFv by fluorescein isothiocyanate and superoxide anions (O2*-) in SPC-A-1 cells showed that the fusion protein could recognize and enter SPC-A-1 cells to eliminate O2*-. Superoxides 70-73 proline rich protein gene cluster Homo sapiens 79-82 16551617-6 2006 Tracing SOD-ScFv by fluorescein isothiocyanate and superoxide anions (O2*-) in SPC-A-1 cells showed that the fusion protein could recognize and enter SPC-A-1 cells to eliminate O2*-. Superoxides 70-73 proline rich protein gene cluster Homo sapiens 150-153 16551617-7 2006 The lower oxidative stress resulting from the decrease in cellular O2*- delayed the cell cycle at G1 and significantly slowed SPC-A-1 cell growth in association with the dephosphorylation of the serine-threonine protein kinase Akt and expression of p27kip1. Superoxides 67-69 proline rich protein gene cluster Homo sapiens 126-129 16551617-7 2006 The lower oxidative stress resulting from the decrease in cellular O2*- delayed the cell cycle at G1 and significantly slowed SPC-A-1 cell growth in association with the dephosphorylation of the serine-threonine protein kinase Akt and expression of p27kip1. Superoxides 67-69 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 227-230 16554029-3 2006 Adiponectin can also suppress superoxide generation in endothelial cells. Superoxides 30-40 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Homo sapiens 0-11 16647629-1 2006 To examine the hypothesis that NAD(P)H oxidase (Nox)-derived superoxide generation is involved in the development of angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced hypertension, we evaluated the responses to ANG II infusion (65 ng/min; osmotic mini-pump) for 2 weeks in rats treated with or without apocynin (APO) (inhibitor of Nox subunits assembly) in drinking water (12 mmol/L). Superoxides 61-71 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 117-131 16647629-1 2006 To examine the hypothesis that NAD(P)H oxidase (Nox)-derived superoxide generation is involved in the development of angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced hypertension, we evaluated the responses to ANG II infusion (65 ng/min; osmotic mini-pump) for 2 weeks in rats treated with or without apocynin (APO) (inhibitor of Nox subunits assembly) in drinking water (12 mmol/L). Superoxides 61-71 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 133-139 16310883-0 2006 Superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide induce hepatocyte death by different mechanisms: involvement of JNK and ERK MAP kinases. Superoxides 0-17 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 104-107 16646023-2 2006 METHODS: Superoxide release from neutrophils binding to purified P-selectin or to tumor necrosis factor-activated endothelial cells was measured under flow or static conditions using the superoxide dismutase (SOD)-inhibitable reduction of ferricytochrome c. Neutrophils were activated with fMLP, normal IgG, or ANCA IgG. Superoxides 9-19 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 290-294 16646023-5 2006 RESULTS: ANCA IgG or fMLP induced superoxide release when perfused over neutrophils that were rolling over P-selectin, but not those that were binding to endothelial cells. Superoxides 34-44 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 21-25 16646023-10 2006 CONCLUSION: Endothelial cells inhibit superoxide generation by fMLP and ANCA-activated neutrophils. Superoxides 38-48 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 63-67 16622226-10 2006 U73122, a phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor, and pertussis toxin inhibited the toxin-induced generation of O2(-) and formation of DG, but not the phosphorylation of PDK1. Superoxides 105-107 LOC100009319 Oryctolagus cuniculus 27-30 16310883-6 2006 Superoxide anions-induced apoptosis is dependent on JNK activity. Superoxides 0-17 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 52-55 16310883-13 2006 CONCLUSIONS: In normal hepatocytes, superoxide anions-induced caspase activation and apoptosis is dependent on JNK activity and totally abolished by superoxide scavengers. Superoxides 36-53 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 111-114 16310883-13 2006 CONCLUSIONS: In normal hepatocytes, superoxide anions-induced caspase activation and apoptosis is dependent on JNK activity and totally abolished by superoxide scavengers. Superoxides 36-46 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 111-114 16572112-0 2006 Ras modulation of superoxide activates ERK-dependent fibronectin expression in diabetes-induced renal injuries. Superoxides 18-28 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 39-42 16572112-5 2006 Superoxide, not nitric oxide or hydrogen peroxide, mediated high glucose- and AGE-induced TGF-beta1 and fibronectin expression. Superoxides 0-10 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 90-99 16572112-11 2006 Ras induction of superoxide activated ERK-dependent fibrosis-stimulatory factor and extracellular matrix gene transcription of mesangial cells. Superoxides 17-27 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 38-41 16424399-4 2006 SODs process superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide, which is subsequently neutralized by GPx and CAT; TrxR neutralizes other ROS, such as peroxinitrite. Superoxides 13-29 catalase Homo sapiens 97-100 16565872-0 2006 Nitric oxide and superoxide in rat mesangial cells: modulation by C-reactive protein. Superoxides 17-27 C-reactive protein Rattus norvegicus 66-84 16565872-2 2006 We evaluated the effects of CRP on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide by rat mesangial cells (RMC) and the impact on cell function. Superoxides 75-85 C-reactive protein Rattus norvegicus 28-31 16565872-6 2006 Incubation with 100 microg/ml CRP for 60-120 min resulted in a 272% increase in superoxide production that was prevented by diphenyleneiodium chloride but not L-NAME (p<0.0001). Superoxides 80-90 C-reactive protein Rattus norvegicus 30-33 16565872-7 2006 CONCLUSION: CRP enhances superoxide release in RMC, which in turn inactivates NO and reduces net production. Superoxides 25-35 C-reactive protein Rattus norvegicus 12-15 16150638-3 2006 The observation that the CL intensities were inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD), Vitamin C (Vc) and glutathione (GSH) in a dose-dependent manner suggested that superoxide radical (O2*-) was involved in the CL reaction and responsible for oxidation of luminol. Superoxides 165-183 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 58-78 16150638-3 2006 The observation that the CL intensities were inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD), Vitamin C (Vc) and glutathione (GSH) in a dose-dependent manner suggested that superoxide radical (O2*-) was involved in the CL reaction and responsible for oxidation of luminol. Superoxides 165-183 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 80-83 16150638-3 2006 The observation that the CL intensities were inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD), Vitamin C (Vc) and glutathione (GSH) in a dose-dependent manner suggested that superoxide radical (O2*-) was involved in the CL reaction and responsible for oxidation of luminol. Superoxides 185-189 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 58-78 16150638-3 2006 The observation that the CL intensities were inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD), Vitamin C (Vc) and glutathione (GSH) in a dose-dependent manner suggested that superoxide radical (O2*-) was involved in the CL reaction and responsible for oxidation of luminol. Superoxides 185-189 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 80-83 16424399-7 2006 Under these conditions, the superoxide anion processing enzyme SOD1 is not sufficiently stimulated by an ROS load. Superoxides 28-44 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 63-67 16642552-3 2006 Superoxide is cleared by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) to protect the physiological function of NO. Superoxides 0-10 catalase Homo sapiens 56-64 16642552-3 2006 Superoxide is cleared by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) to protect the physiological function of NO. Superoxides 0-10 catalase Homo sapiens 66-69 16608305-6 2006 This result supports that the positive guanidinium plays a role in the catalytic mechanism of Cu,Zn-SOD by ensuring that superoxide enters and peroxide leaves rapidly from the coordination sphere of the copper ion. Superoxides 121-131 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 100-103 16556864-7 2006 The Ang II effect is also blocked by expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), but not catalase, showing that superoxide is required. Superoxides 51-61 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 4-10 16410455-6 2006 Antioxidant enzymes, especially the three isoforms of superoxide dismutase (SOD), modulate basal levels of superoxide and protect against vasomotor dysfunction. Superoxides 54-64 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 76-79 16585403-8 2006 Diminished levels of BH4 promote O2*- production by eNOS (referred to as eNOS uncoupling). Superoxides 33-35 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 52-56 16585403-8 2006 Diminished levels of BH4 promote O2*- production by eNOS (referred to as eNOS uncoupling). Superoxides 33-35 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 73-77 16179939-2 2006 Using pharmacological and molecular approaches to manipulate intracellular O2*-, here we report that an increase in intracellular O2*- anion induces Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE-1) gene promoter activity resulting in increased NHE-1 protein expression, which strongly correlates with the resistance of cells to death stimuli. Superoxides 75-79 solute carrier family 9 member A1 Homo sapiens 149-167 16179939-2 2006 Using pharmacological and molecular approaches to manipulate intracellular O2*-, here we report that an increase in intracellular O2*- anion induces Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE-1) gene promoter activity resulting in increased NHE-1 protein expression, which strongly correlates with the resistance of cells to death stimuli. Superoxides 75-79 solute carrier family 9 member A1 Homo sapiens 169-174 16179939-2 2006 Using pharmacological and molecular approaches to manipulate intracellular O2*-, here we report that an increase in intracellular O2*- anion induces Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE-1) gene promoter activity resulting in increased NHE-1 protein expression, which strongly correlates with the resistance of cells to death stimuli. Superoxides 75-79 solute carrier family 9 member A1 Homo sapiens 222-227 16094317-12 2006 Endothelial function is greatly impaired in a genetic model of Ang II-dependent hypertension via a mechanism that involves superoxide. Superoxides 123-133 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 63-69 16611050-7 2006 The actin cytoskeleton is central to NADPH oxidase activation that produces superoxide which is an intracellular signalling molecule for the hypertensive and inflammatory actions of angiotensin II. Superoxides 76-86 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 182-196 16611050-11 2006 Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonists decrease angiotensin II stimulated superoxide production thus decreasing not only blood pressure but also inflammation. Superoxides 123-133 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 45-59 16611050-11 2006 Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor type 1 antagonists decrease angiotensin II stimulated superoxide production thus decreasing not only blood pressure but also inflammation. Superoxides 123-133 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 97-111 16528409-2 2006 In this report, we show that increased oxidation of FFAs in aortic endothelial cells without added insulin causes increased production of superoxide by the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Superoxides 138-148 insulin Homo sapiens 99-106 16531806-7 2006 Angiotensin II increased the NAD(P)H-dependent superoxide anion production and the intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species in cardiac fibroblasts, and apocynin abrogated this rise. Superoxides 47-63 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-14 16531806-8 2006 CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that in adult rat cardiac fibroblasts the membrane-associated NAD(P)H oxidase complex is the predominant source of superoxide anion and reactive oxygen species generation in angiotensin II-stimulated adult cardiac fibroblasts. Superoxides 142-158 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 201-215 16580590-4 2006 In addition, NO synthase (NOS) can generate superoxide rather than NO in response to atherogenic stimuli ("NOS uncoupling"). Superoxides 44-54 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 13-24 16428598-10 2006 Transgenic plants overexpressing an apyrase gene had reduced O2- production in response to applied ATP and wounding. Superoxides 61-63 apyrase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 36-43 16506790-10 2006 The degradation of heparan sulfate via reductive homolysis of its N-chloro derivatives may be of significance at sites of inflammation, where MPO-derived HOCl is produced in high concentration and transition-metal ions and O(2)(*-) are known to be present or generated. Superoxides 223-227 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 142-145 16354662-5 2006 The one-electron reactions led to superoxide formation as detected by cytochrome c reduction and, interestingly, reductive N-denitration of tetryl or 2,4-dinitrophenyl-N-methylnitramine, resulting in the release of nitrite. Superoxides 34-44 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 70-82 16412384-0 2006 Regulation of superoxide stress in Pseudomonas putida KT2440 is different from the SoxR paradigm in Escherichia coli. Superoxides 14-24 redox-sensitive transcriptional activator SoxR Pseudomonas putida KT2440 83-87 16412384-6 2006 However, a P. putida soxR-deletion strain had normal resistance to the superoxide-generating agent paraquat. Superoxides 71-81 redox-sensitive transcriptional activator SoxR Pseudomonas putida KT2440 21-25 16385082-10 2006 CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that myocardial I/R initiates expression of TNF-alpha, which induces activation of xanthine oxidase and production of O2*-, leading to coronary endothelial dysfunction. Superoxides 153-157 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 79-88 16351573-1 2006 In IL-1beta (interleukin 1beta)-stimulated rat hepatocytes exposed to superoxide, we have previously identified an IRX (inflammatory redox)-sensitive DR1 [direct repeat of RG(G/T)TCA with one base spacing] cis-acting activator element (nt -1327 to -1315) in the iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) promoter: AGGTCAGGGGACA. Superoxides 70-80 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 3-11 16351573-1 2006 In IL-1beta (interleukin 1beta)-stimulated rat hepatocytes exposed to superoxide, we have previously identified an IRX (inflammatory redox)-sensitive DR1 [direct repeat of RG(G/T)TCA with one base spacing] cis-acting activator element (nt -1327 to -1315) in the iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) promoter: AGGTCAGGGGACA. Superoxides 70-80 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 13-30 16351573-1 2006 In IL-1beta (interleukin 1beta)-stimulated rat hepatocytes exposed to superoxide, we have previously identified an IRX (inflammatory redox)-sensitive DR1 [direct repeat of RG(G/T)TCA with one base spacing] cis-acting activator element (nt -1327 to -1315) in the iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) promoter: AGGTCAGGGGACA. Superoxides 70-80 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 262-266 16351573-1 2006 In IL-1beta (interleukin 1beta)-stimulated rat hepatocytes exposed to superoxide, we have previously identified an IRX (inflammatory redox)-sensitive DR1 [direct repeat of RG(G/T)TCA with one base spacing] cis-acting activator element (nt -1327 to -1315) in the iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) promoter: AGGTCAGGGGACA. Superoxides 70-80 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 268-299 16469512-4 2006 Thrombin-induced intracellular ROS production was inhibited by NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitors (DPI and apocynin), cyclooxygenase inhibitor (acetylsalicylic acid), and superoxide scavengers (tiron and MnTMPyP). Superoxides 163-173 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 0-8 16520234-0 2006 Long-term exposure to oxidized low-density lipoprotein enhances tumor necrosis factor-alpha-stimulated endothelial adhesiveness of monocytes by activating superoxide generation and redox-sensitive pathways. Superoxides 155-165 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 64-91 16601571-5 2006 CONCLUSIONS: Angiotensin II accelerates the development of atherosclerosis by activating angiotensin II type 1 receptors that then promote superoxide anion generation and oxidative stress, leading to activation of nuclear transcription factor and endothelial dysfunction. Superoxides 139-155 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 13-27 16601571-5 2006 CONCLUSIONS: Angiotensin II accelerates the development of atherosclerosis by activating angiotensin II type 1 receptors that then promote superoxide anion generation and oxidative stress, leading to activation of nuclear transcription factor and endothelial dysfunction. Superoxides 139-155 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 89-103 16111903-2 2006 Nitrogen-derived reactive oxidant species capable of involving DNA single strand breakage and PARP activation include peroxynitrite (the reaction product of nitric oxide and superoxide), but not nitric oxide per se. Superoxides 174-184 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 94-98 16528409-3 2006 FFA-induced overproduction of superoxide activated a variety of proinflammatory signals previously implicated in hyperglycemia-induced vascular damage and inactivated 2 important antiatherogenic enzymes, prostacyclin synthase and eNOS. Superoxides 30-40 prostaglandin I2 synthase Homo sapiens 204-225 16412660-13 2006 In conclusion, our results indicate that superoxide radicals play crucial role in enhanced contractile and impaired vasodilatory responses to Ang II and ACh, respectively, in thoracic aortic rings isolated from diet-induced insulin resistant rats. Superoxides 41-51 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 142-148 16528409-3 2006 FFA-induced overproduction of superoxide activated a variety of proinflammatory signals previously implicated in hyperglycemia-induced vascular damage and inactivated 2 important antiatherogenic enzymes, prostacyclin synthase and eNOS. Superoxides 30-40 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 230-234 16039106-4 2006 Rebamipide (2-(4-chlorobenzoylamino)-3-[2(1H)-quinolinon-4-yl] propionic acid, OPC-12759) directly inhibits the production of superoxide (O2-) and inhibits proinflammatory cytokines (such as TNFalpha and IL-8). Superoxides 126-136 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 191-199 16085106-1 2006 One of the most important antioxidant enzymes is superoxide dismutase (SOD), which catalyses the dismutation of superoxide radicals to hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 49-59 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 71-74 16599264-8 2006 The effects of O2 were significantly abolished by catalase (CAT) alone or in combination with superoxide dismutase (SOD), but not by inactive CAT or SOD alone. Superoxides 15-17 catalase Homo sapiens 50-58 16599264-8 2006 The effects of O2 were significantly abolished by catalase (CAT) alone or in combination with superoxide dismutase (SOD), but not by inactive CAT or SOD alone. Superoxides 15-17 catalase Homo sapiens 60-63 16085106-7 2006 (iii) While detoxifying superoxide radicals SOD cycles between a reduced and oxidized state. Superoxides 24-34 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 44-47 16085106-8 2006 At low superoxide levels the intermediates might interact with other redox partners and increase the superoxide reductase (SOR) activity of SOD. Superoxides 7-17 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 140-143 16469315-1 2006 Human extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is involved in the defence against oxidative stress induced by the superoxide radical. Superoxides 117-135 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 6-40 16489034-0 2006 Expression of p53 enhances selenite-induced superoxide production and apoptosis in human prostate cancer cells. Superoxides 44-54 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 14-17 16469315-1 2006 Human extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is involved in the defence against oxidative stress induced by the superoxide radical. Superoxides 117-135 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 42-48 16489034-4 2006 In addition, we also showed that superoxide production by selenite was p53 dependent. Superoxides 33-43 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 71-74 16489034-10 2006 On the other hand, restoration of wild-type p53 expression in PC3 cells increased cellular sensitivity to selenite and resulted in increased superoxide production, caspase-9 activation, and apoptosis following selenite treatment. Superoxides 141-151 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 44-47 16489034-11 2006 These results suggest that selenite induces apoptosis by producing superoxide to activate p53 and to induce p53 mitochondrial translocation. Superoxides 67-77 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 90-93 16489034-12 2006 Activation of p53 in turn synergistically enhances superoxide production and apoptosis induced by selenite. Superoxides 51-61 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 14-17 16162660-0 2006 Interferon-gamma activates transcription of NADPH oxidase 1 gene and upregulates production of superoxide anion by human large intestinal epithelial cells. Superoxides 95-111 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 0-16 16143585-5 2006 We therefore hypothesized that activation of eNOS produced reactive oxygen species in 4-wk but not fetal PA. To address this question, we studied NO and superoxide production by endothelial cells at baseline and following NOS stimulation with A-23187, VEGF, and laminar shear stress. Superoxides 153-163 nitric oxide synthase, endothelial Ovis aries 45-49 16448070-1 2006 Because of its high reaction rate and specificity, the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) offers great potential for the sensitive quantification of superoxide radicals in electrochemical biosensors. Superoxides 62-72 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 84-87 16162660-2 2006 We report that interferon (IFN)-gamma, a crucial transactivator of the gp91(phox) gene, also stimulates expression of Nox1 mRNA and protein in large intestinal epithelium (T84 cells), leading to fourfold upregulation of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) generation. Superoxides 220-236 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 15-37 16162660-2 2006 We report that interferon (IFN)-gamma, a crucial transactivator of the gp91(phox) gene, also stimulates expression of Nox1 mRNA and protein in large intestinal epithelium (T84 cells), leading to fourfold upregulation of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) generation. Superoxides 238-242 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 15-37 16405902-6 2006 The five triterpenoids used in the present experiment significantly suppressed N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced superoxide generation in concentration-dependent manner. Superoxides 134-144 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 120-124 16405902-9 2006 fMLP- and AA-induced tyrosyl phosphorylation and translocation of the cytosolic proteins p47(phox), p67(phox), and rac to the cell membrane were suppressed in parallel with the suppression of the stimulus-induced superoxide generation. Superoxides 213-223 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 16448070-8 2006 In an amperometric biosensorial approach, the SOD-mutant electrode was successfully applied for the detection of superoxide radicals. Superoxides 113-132 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 46-49 16325162-8 2006 Furthermore, APE1/ref-1 overexpression inhibited the TNF-alpha-induced increase in intracellular superoxide and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Superoxides 97-107 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 53-62 16293798-1 2006 This article explores the physiology of superoxide generation by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), the so-called "uncoupled" state of the enzyme. Superoxides 40-50 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 65-98 16293798-1 2006 This article explores the physiology of superoxide generation by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), the so-called "uncoupled" state of the enzyme. Superoxides 40-50 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 100-104 16325162-10 2006 Furthermore, APE1/ref-1 may inhibit VCAM-1 expression by inhibiting superoxide production and p38 MAPK activation. Superoxides 68-78 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 36-42 15990193-2 2006 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is found in the extracellular matrix of tissues and the major scavenger of superoxide radical. Superoxides 119-137 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 0-34 16446495-5 2006 Moreover, our findings showed a decrease in tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha)- or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced O2*- production in CD patient neutrophils adherent to fibronectin as compared with controls. Superoxides 128-130 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 44-65 16446495-5 2006 Moreover, our findings showed a decrease in tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha)- or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced O2*- production in CD patient neutrophils adherent to fibronectin as compared with controls. Superoxides 128-130 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 67-76 16446495-5 2006 Moreover, our findings showed a decrease in tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha)- or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced O2*- production in CD patient neutrophils adherent to fibronectin as compared with controls. Superoxides 128-130 fibronectin 1 Homo sapiens 182-193 16446495-12 2006 In conclusion, our results indicate that decreased O2*- production and adhesion, caused, in part, by an anomalous response to TNF-alpha, together with low GSH level and low cell viability, may be responsible for the defective neutrophil function found in CD patients. Superoxides 51-54 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 126-135 15990193-2 2006 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is found in the extracellular matrix of tissues and the major scavenger of superoxide radical. Superoxides 119-137 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 36-42 16390828-3 2006 Regression analysis showed that increases in aortic superoxide anion (O.-2) with aging were significantly correlated with changes in the expression and/or regulation of proteins involved in metabolic (AMPK-alpha), signaling (mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) along with c-Src), apoptotic (Bax, Bcl-2, Traf-2) and transcriptional (NF-kappaB) activities. Superoxides 52-68 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 302-307 16371425-8 2006 Aortas of MNK(mut) mice revealed a decrease in activity of SOD3, but not SOD1, in association with a robust increase in O2*- levels. Superoxides 120-122 ATPase, Cu++ transporting, alpha polypeptide Mus musculus 10-13 16371425-10 2006 In conclusion, vascular MNK plays an essential role in full activity of SOD3 through transporting copper to SOD3 in the TGN, thereby regulating O2*- levels in the vasculature. Superoxides 144-147 ATPase, Cu++ transporting, alpha polypeptide Mus musculus 24-27 16371425-11 2006 These studies provide a novel insight into vascular MNK as a critical modulator of "superoxide" stress, which may contribute to cardiovascular disease. Superoxides 84-94 ATPase, Cu++ transporting, alpha polypeptide Mus musculus 52-55 16390828-3 2006 Regression analysis showed that increases in aortic superoxide anion (O.-2) with aging were significantly correlated with changes in the expression and/or regulation of proteins involved in metabolic (AMPK-alpha), signaling (mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) along with c-Src), apoptotic (Bax, Bcl-2, Traf-2) and transcriptional (NF-kappaB) activities. Superoxides 52-68 Tnf receptor-associated factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 309-315 16443156-8 2006 Finally, nimesulide in vitro caused a concentration-dependent net increase in superoxide anion in mitochondria from Sod2(+/-), but not Sod2(+/+) mice. Superoxides 78-94 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 116-120 16755144-0 2006 Calcium [corrected] channel blockers reduce angiotensin II-induced superoxide generation and inhibit lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 expression in endothelial cells. Superoxides 67-77 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 44-58 16413574-7 2006 Histochemical data showed that superoxide production and JNK phosphorylation in arteriolar endothelial cells was enhanced by TNF. Superoxides 31-41 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 125-128 16413574-10 2006 These data indicate that TNF inhibits endothelium-dependent NO-mediated dilation of coronary arterioles by ceramide-induced activation of JNK and subsequent production of superoxide via xanthine oxidase. Superoxides 171-181 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 25-28 16329988-5 2006 We also show that overexpression of the PH domain of betaPix results in inhibition of superoxide anion generation in response to EGF. Superoxides 86-102 Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 7 Homo sapiens 53-60 16267117-10 2006 Finally, the increase in I(Kv) produced by rMIF was abolished by the superoxide scavenger Tiron (1 mM). Superoxides 69-79 macrophage migration inhibitory factor Rattus norvegicus 43-47 16267117-11 2006 These studies indicate that the neuronal action of MIF includes a stimulatory action on I(Kv) that may be mediated by a TPOR/superoxide-scavenging mechanism. Superoxides 125-135 macrophage migration inhibitory factor Rattus norvegicus 51-54 16451750-2 2006 Superoxide anion (O(2)(-*)) production by human polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), challenged by the chemotactic agent N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by all the compounds tested, compounds 3, 4 and 5 being statistically the most active. Superoxides 0-16 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 156-160 16451750-2 2006 Superoxide anion (O(2)(-*)) production by human polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), challenged by the chemotactic agent N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by all the compounds tested, compounds 3, 4 and 5 being statistically the most active. Superoxides 18-27 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 156-160 16394009-9 2006 CpG-DNA evoked concomitant increases in intracellular superoxide and NO levels, leading to enhanced ONOO- formation and, consequently, nuclear accumulation of c-Fos and NF-kappaB. Superoxides 54-64 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 169-178 15993046-5 2006 SOD"s remarkable ability to catalyze the dismutation of the superoxide anion (O (2)(-)) has been demonstrated. Superoxides 60-76 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 15993046-5 2006 SOD"s remarkable ability to catalyze the dismutation of the superoxide anion (O (2)(-)) has been demonstrated. Superoxides 78-83 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 16313901-2 2006 High glucose stimulated superoxide both extracellularly (lucigenin chemiluminescence, cytochrome c reduction) and intracellularly (dihydrorhodamine 123 fluorescence). Superoxides 24-34 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 86-98 16106039-0 2006 Enhanced superoxide generation modulates renal function in ANG II-induced hypertensive rats. Superoxides 9-19 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 59-65 16150464-6 2006 In a dose-dependent manner, APS-1 was demonstrated to be free radical scavenging in superoxide and hydroxyl radical assays, inhibitory to the copper-mediated oxidation of human low density lipoprotein (LDL), and protective against hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-induced lesion to rat PC12 cell (pheochromocytoma cell line). Superoxides 84-94 autoimmune regulator Homo sapiens 28-33 16383310-9 2006 The applicability of these cyt c immobilized bioimitation membranes as the biosensors was tested for the determination of superoxide. Superoxides 122-132 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 27-32 16400006-4 2006 Superoxide anions and H(2)O(2) increased mRNA and protein expression of GAS5 (growth arrest-specific protein 5) and CHOP (C/EBP homology protein). Superoxides 0-17 DNA damage inducible transcript 3 Homo sapiens 116-120 16400006-4 2006 Superoxide anions and H(2)O(2) increased mRNA and protein expression of GAS5 (growth arrest-specific protein 5) and CHOP (C/EBP homology protein). Superoxides 0-17 DNA damage inducible transcript 3 Homo sapiens 122-144 16400006-5 2006 Cultured podocytes overexpressing CHOP showed increased generation of superoxide anions compared to controls. Superoxides 70-87 DNA damage inducible transcript 3 Homo sapiens 34-38 17002793-9 2006 These cytokines have previously been shown to independently regulate the frequency (IFN-gamma) and amplitude (IL-8) of the oscillations of key metabolites in neutrophils, including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) (NAD(P)H) and superoxide ion. Superoxides 241-251 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 110-114 17119274-3 2006 Superoxide generation by cells in response to fMLP depended on the duration of pretreatment and the concentration of H2O2. Superoxides 0-10 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 46-50 16540423-4 2006 In the present study, we have considered the major routes of superoxide damaging effects in mitochondria: the initiation of apoptosis through the reduction of cytochrome c, the activation of uncoupled proteins by superoxide, and the mitochondrial damage due to the competition between superoxide and nitric oxide at the Complex IV site (cytochrome oxidase). Superoxides 61-71 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 159-171 16598535-4 2006 Superoxide-derived hydrogen peroxide is the principal substrate for leukocyte-derived peroxidases, in particular myeloperoxidase, which associates with endothelial cells and has been shown to catalytically oxidize nitric oxide in vivo. Superoxides 0-10 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 113-128 16598535-6 2006 Moreover, superoxide and hydrogen peroxide activate the redox-sensitive transcription factors NF-kappaB and thus mediates expression of proinflammatory proteins like adhesion molecules. Superoxides 10-20 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 94-103 16469270-1 2006 This review highlights recent epidemiologic, clinical-genetic, and neurochemical advances in our understanding of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and their relationships to familial ALS caused by superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene mutations. Superoxides 209-219 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 231-235 16824780-9 2006 These results indicate that chorion cell-derived interleukin-6 is partly responsible for monocyte differentiation to macrophages capable of generating superoxide anion. Superoxides 151-167 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 49-62 16328023-5 2006 Our results suggest that triptolide acts to regulate inflammation through NF-kappaB-mediated inhibition of inflammation-related cytokines and the production of superoxide anion and NO. Superoxides 160-176 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 74-83 16563235-4 2006 Incubation with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha, 10 ng/ml) for 12 h increased superoxide production in both cell types, whereas angiotensin II, platelet-derived growth factor or interleukin-1beta had little effects. Superoxides 85-95 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 16-43 16563235-4 2006 Incubation with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha, 10 ng/ml) for 12 h increased superoxide production in both cell types, whereas angiotensin II, platelet-derived growth factor or interleukin-1beta had little effects. Superoxides 85-95 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 45-54 16563235-7 2006 In contrast, upregulation of Nox2 appeared to mediate the enhanced superoxide production by TNF-alpha in HEK293 cells. Superoxides 67-77 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 92-101 17546512-4 2006 We determined the enhancement of Ang II-induced superoxide anion and leukotriene C(4) (LTC(4)) generation, membrane fluidity and cell-bound cholesterol content of neutrophils obtained from 12 control subjects, 11 patients with obesity (Ob), 10 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2-DM) and 12 patients with HC. Superoxides 48-64 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 33-39 16331108-0 2006 Acute pressor effect of central angiotensin II is mediated by NAD(P)H-oxidase-dependent production of superoxide in the hypothalamic cardiovascular regulatory nuclei. Superoxides 102-112 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 32-46 16331108-2 2006 OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that central effects of Ang II are mediated by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NAD(P)H]-oxidase-dependent production of superoxide in the hypothalamus. Superoxides 175-185 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 58-64 16331108-7 2006 In response to Ang II, apocynin-sensitive production of superoxide increased significantly in the nuclei of the anterior hypothalamus, in the subfornical organ, and in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Superoxides 56-66 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 15-21 16331108-8 2006 CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that acute pressor responses of central Ang II are mediated by NAD(P)H-oxidase-dependent production of superoxide in the hypothalamus. Superoxides 142-152 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 79-85 17546512-7 2006 Both Ang II-induced superoxide anion and LTC(4) generation were decreased in control cells by pertussis toxin and fluvastatin (Flu), whereas in each patient group, mepacrin, verapamil and Flu were effective, suggesting alterations in signal pathways, which may be attributed to isoprenylation. Superoxides 20-36 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 5-11 16183707-0 2006 Increased superoxide anion production by interleukin-1beta impairs nitric oxide-mediated relaxation in resistance arteries. Superoxides 10-26 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 41-58 16183707-6 2006 IL-1beta impaired acetylcholine (ACh) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) vasodilation and increased nitrite and O(2)(.) Superoxides 108-112 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 0-8 16183707-13 2006 The results of the present study demonstrate that long-term incubation with IL-1beta induces an impairment of the nitric oxide-mediated relaxation in mesenteric resistance arteries through the production of O(2)(. Superoxides 207-211 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 76-84 16404134-3 2006 Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced interaction of superoxide and NO was determined in thin tissue strips isolated from the renal outer medullary region of Sprague-Dawley rats using fluorescent microscopy techniques. Superoxides 47-57 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-14 16404134-3 2006 Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced interaction of superoxide and NO was determined in thin tissue strips isolated from the renal outer medullary region of Sprague-Dawley rats using fluorescent microscopy techniques. Superoxides 47-57 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 16-22 16404134-5 2006 However, when NO is reduced by the NO scavenger carboxy-PTIO, Ang II can induce superoxide diffusion from mTAL to vasa recta pericytes. Superoxides 80-90 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 62-68 16472678-5 2006 For example, an oxidase activator (p47phox or Noxo1) and an oxidase activator (p67phox or Noxa1) are absolutely required for superoxide production by gp91phox and Nox1, but not by Nox3. Superoxides 125-135 NADPH oxidase activator 1 Homo sapiens 90-95 16323214-2 2006 In a small proportion of patients, ALS is caused by mutations in copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1), and mice overexpressing SOD1(G93A) mutant develop a syndrome that closely resembles the human disease. Superoxides 77-87 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 99-103 16340215-1 2006 We hypothesized that prolonged angiotensin II (AngII) infusion would alter vascular reactivity by enhancing superoxide anion (O-.2) generation. Superoxides 108-124 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 31-45 16340215-1 2006 We hypothesized that prolonged angiotensin II (AngII) infusion would alter vascular reactivity by enhancing superoxide anion (O-.2) generation. Superoxides 108-124 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 47-52 16354686-4 2006 Clearance of both superoxide and H2O2 from within the endosomal compartment significantly abrogated IL-1beta-dependent IKK and NF-kappaB activation. Superoxides 18-28 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 100-108 16354686-6 2006 Small interfering RNAs to either MyD88 or Rac1 inhibited IL-1beta induction of endosomal superoxide and NF-kappaB activation. Superoxides 89-99 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 57-65 16220025-3 2006 Specific superoxide formation was measured by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence, reduction of cytochrome c and rhodamine-123 fluorescence. Superoxides 9-19 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 97-109 16220025-8 2006 The DHP Ca2+-channel agonist BayK8644 and ACE inhibitors captopril and ramiprilat led extracellular superoxide concentration to control level. Superoxides 100-110 dihydropyrimidinase Homo sapiens 4-7 16220025-8 2006 The DHP Ca2+-channel agonist BayK8644 and ACE inhibitors captopril and ramiprilat led extracellular superoxide concentration to control level. Superoxides 100-110 angiotensin I converting enzyme Homo sapiens 42-45 16220025-11 2006 Ang II-induced superoxide was elevated by the phorbolester PMA and blocked by the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor chelerythrine. Superoxides 15-25 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-6 17332678-7 2006 Whereas when iNOS induction was combined with arachidonate, death was not blocked by apocynin, but was blocked by a cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor (ibuprofen), suggesting that the source of superoxide contributing to cell death differs in these two conditions. Superoxides 190-200 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 13-17 17166877-9 2006 The present results support continued development of our in vitro model as a tool for predicting certain in vivo responses, and suggest that in some biological systems the capability to scavenge superoxide but produce excess H(2)O(2), as is known for CuZnSOD, may be potentially deleterious. Superoxides 195-205 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 251-258 16391519-0 2005 Downstream components of RhoA required for signal pathway of superoxide formation during phagocytosis of serum opsonized zymosans in macrophages. Superoxides 61-71 ras homolog family member A Homo sapiens 25-29 16391519-4 2005 Tat-C3 blocked superoxide production, suggesting that RhoA is essentially involved in superoxide formation during phagocytosis of SOZ. Superoxides 15-25 ras homolog family member A Homo sapiens 54-58 16391519-4 2005 Tat-C3 blocked superoxide production, suggesting that RhoA is essentially involved in superoxide formation during phagocytosis of SOZ. Superoxides 86-96 ras homolog family member A Homo sapiens 54-58 16391519-6 2005 Inhibition of RhoA-activated kinase (ROCK), an important downstream effector of RhoA, by Y27632 and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) by ML-7 abrogated superoxide production by SOZ. Superoxides 151-161 ras homolog family member A Homo sapiens 14-18 16391519-6 2005 Inhibition of RhoA-activated kinase (ROCK), an important downstream effector of RhoA, by Y27632 and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) by ML-7 abrogated superoxide production by SOZ. Superoxides 151-161 ras homolog family member A Homo sapiens 80-84 16391519-10 2005 Taken together, RhoA, ROCK, p38MAPK, ERK1/2, and p47(PHOX) may be subsequently activated, leading to activation of NADPH oxidase to produce superoxide. Superoxides 140-150 ras homolog family member A Homo sapiens 16-20 16391519-10 2005 Taken together, RhoA, ROCK, p38MAPK, ERK1/2, and p47(PHOX) may be subsequently activated, leading to activation of NADPH oxidase to produce superoxide. Superoxides 140-150 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 37-43 16126163-5 2005 Oxy-I resembles the ferrous oxygen complex known for cytochrome P450, whereas oxy-II appears to be locked in the superoxide form. Superoxides 113-123 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 53-84 16153593-3 2005 The corresponding vasorelaxant mechanisms are counteracted by superoxide which not only traps *NO but through the resulting peroxynitrite blocks prostacyclin synthase by nitration of an active site tyrosine residue. Superoxides 62-72 prostaglandin I2 synthase Homo sapiens 145-166 16281056-1 2005 We have created P1 artificial chromosome transgenic mice expressing the human mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and thus generated mice with a physiologically controlled augmentation of SOD2 expression leading to increased SOD2 enzyme activities and lowered superoxide levels. Superoxides 92-102 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 196-200 16281056-1 2005 We have created P1 artificial chromosome transgenic mice expressing the human mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and thus generated mice with a physiologically controlled augmentation of SOD2 expression leading to increased SOD2 enzyme activities and lowered superoxide levels. Superoxides 92-102 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 196-200 16215680-5 2005 In contrast, the detoxification of superoxide anions significantly reduced caspase 3 activity and almost completely inhibited the apoptotic decrease in total cellular DNA content as measured by propidium iodide staining. Superoxides 35-52 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 75-84 16373854-4 2005 The administration of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) markedly reduced the CH-enhanced maximal PA constrictor response to ET-1, demonstrating the contribution of superoxide to CH-enhanced PA constrictor responses. Superoxides 28-38 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 50-53 16373854-8 2005 To demonstrate that the increased chemiluminescence is due to superoxide generation, we added Cu/Zn SOD, which markedly decreased chemiluminescence, demonstrating the specificity of this assay. Superoxides 62-72 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 94-103 16230508-3 2005 Because Ang II induces NAD(P)H oxidase activation, we hypothesized here that Brown Norway rats have higher vascular NAD(P)H oxidase activity and superoxide anion production than Lewis rats. Superoxides 145-161 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 8-14 16144972-1 2005 Experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that elevated levels of endothelin 1 (ET-1) in the vasculature activate NADPH oxidase and/or uncoupled nitric-oxide synthase (NOS), resulting in O2-* production, and mediate increased constriction. Superoxides 194-196 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 73-85 16087389-2 2005 EC-SOD contains a unique heparin-binding domain at its carboxy-terminus that establishes localization to the extracellular matrix where the enzyme scavenges superoxide anion. Superoxides 157-173 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 0-6 16087389-4 2005 In addition to protecting against extracellular oxidative damage, EC-SOD, by scavenging superoxide, preserves nitric oxide bioactivity and facilitates hypoxia-induced gene expression. Superoxides 88-98 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 66-72 16204644-3 2005 We studied whether local anesthetics affected LPS priming for enhanced release of O2- in response to triggering by the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), and we investigated which element in the LPS signaling pathway might be the target of local anesthetics. Superoxides 82-84 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 180-184 16144972-1 2005 Experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that elevated levels of endothelin 1 (ET-1) in the vasculature activate NADPH oxidase and/or uncoupled nitric-oxide synthase (NOS), resulting in O2-* production, and mediate increased constriction. Superoxides 194-196 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 87-91 16144972-4 2005 ET-1 significantly increased O2-* production compared with vehicle. Superoxides 29-31 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 16144972-5 2005 SOD, ebselen, and apocynin inhibited the ET-1-induced increase in O2-* in intact and endothelium-denuded aorta. Superoxides 66-70 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 41-45 16144972-6 2005 L-NAME and BH4 inhibited the ET-1-induced increase in O2-* in intact tissue, whereas these two compounds had no effect on ET-1-induced O2-* in endothelium-denuded aorta. Superoxides 54-56 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 29-33 16144972-7 2005 Preincubation with BQ-123 or A-192621, individually, had no effect on ET-1-induced O2-*; however combining both antagonists inhibited the ET-1-stimulated increase in O2-*. Superoxides 166-168 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 138-142 16336581-0 2005 Increased phagocytic nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-dependent superoxide production in patients with early chronic kidney disease. Superoxides 83-93 dual oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 21-72 16316348-6 2005 Changes in P(alb) in response to O2- generated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/XO) was assessed under conditions of nitric oxide depletion and repletion. Superoxides 33-35 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 50-77 16316348-6 2005 Changes in P(alb) in response to O2- generated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/XO) was assessed under conditions of nitric oxide depletion and repletion. Superoxides 33-35 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 79-88 16336581-7 2005 A direct correlation (r=0.441, P<0.05) was found between plasma insulin levels and NADPH oxidase-mediated *O2- production in patients. Superoxides 110-112 insulin Homo sapiens 67-74 16316348-9 2005 O2- generated after incubation with TNF-alpha or X/XO increased P(alb). Superoxides 0-2 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 36-45 16311928-0 2005 Superoxide production and oxygen consumption in endothelium-intact and -denuded artery stimulated by angiotensin II. Superoxides 0-10 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 101-115 16139868-3 2005 To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the increased apoptosis, we compared alphaMUPA and WT mice for parameters associated with SOD2 (MnSOD), a mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme that converts superoxide radicals into H(2)O(2) and is also known to inhibit apoptosis. Superoxides 203-222 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 140-144 16139868-3 2005 To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the increased apoptosis, we compared alphaMUPA and WT mice for parameters associated with SOD2 (MnSOD), a mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme that converts superoxide radicals into H(2)O(2) and is also known to inhibit apoptosis. Superoxides 203-222 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 146-151 16311928-2 2005 We tested the hypothesis that superoxide (O2-) or other reactive oxidant species generated by AII played a role in the paradoxical O2 consumption response in porcine carotid artery, with or without an intact endothelium. Superoxides 30-40 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 94-97 16319316-6 2005 Manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) was upregulated in pial vessels and around brain microvessels of APP+ mice, pointing to a role of superoxide in the dysfunctions elicited by amyloidosis. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 32-36 16148002-0 2005 Superoxide-dependent oxidation of melatonin by myeloperoxidase. Superoxides 0-10 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 47-62 16216417-1 2005 Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) independent of the isozyme, produce nitric oxide (.NO), superoxide (O2.-), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 85-95 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 0-22 16216417-1 2005 Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) independent of the isozyme, produce nitric oxide (.NO), superoxide (O2.-), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 97-99 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 0-22 16148002-10 2005 We propose that myeloperoxidase uses superoxide to oxidize melatonin by two distinct pathways. Superoxides 37-47 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 16-31 16148002-13 2005 In the other pathway, myeloperoxidase uses superoxide to insert dioxygen into melatonin to form AFMK. Superoxides 43-53 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 22-37 16195479-9 2005 The modulation of superoxide release coincided with decreased expression of ecSOD and MnSOD and upregulation of the p22phox and p67phox subunits of the NADPH oxidase complex in progesterone-treated animals. Superoxides 18-28 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 86-91 16210546-7 2005 Superoxide production (basal or in response to NADPH or angiotensin II) in the intracranial arteries, BA, and MCA was 10- to 100-fold greater than in AO, CA, RA, or MA. Superoxides 0-10 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 47-70 16309582-1 2005 Angiotensin II can induce oxidant stress by stimulating vascular superoxide production. Superoxides 65-75 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-14 16115878-1 2005 The superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase consists of a membrane-bound flavocytochrome b(558), the cytosol factors p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase Rac2, which translocate to the membrane to assemble the active complex following neutrophil activation. Superoxides 4-14 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 133-136 16115878-1 2005 The superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase consists of a membrane-bound flavocytochrome b(558), the cytosol factors p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase Rac2, which translocate to the membrane to assemble the active complex following neutrophil activation. Superoxides 4-14 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 144-147 16115878-1 2005 The superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase consists of a membrane-bound flavocytochrome b(558), the cytosol factors p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase Rac2, which translocate to the membrane to assemble the active complex following neutrophil activation. Superoxides 4-14 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 176-180 15942049-8 2005 Measurement of superoxide production with the fluorescent probe tempo 9-AC showed that ANG II caused an increase of 48 +/- 20 arbitrary units; apocynin or diphenyl iodonium (an inhibitor of flavoprotein oxidases) inhibited the response by 94%. Superoxides 15-25 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 87-93 15942049-11 2005 We conclude that ANG II rapidly activates NAD(P)H oxidases of afferent arterioles, leading to the formation of O(2)-*, which then stimulates ADPR cyclase to form cADPR. Superoxides 111-117 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 17-23 16267647-1 2005 A superoxide dismutase (SOD) biosensor for determination of superoxide radicals has been developed by immobilization of superoxide dismutase within gelatin (G) on a Pt electrode surface. Superoxides 2-12 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 24-27 16267647-1 2005 A superoxide dismutase (SOD) biosensor for determination of superoxide radicals has been developed by immobilization of superoxide dismutase within gelatin (G) on a Pt electrode surface. Superoxides 2-12 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 120-140 16267647-3 2005 The response of the G-SOD biosensor was proportional to O2*- concentration and the detection limit was 0.01 mmol L(-1) at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. Superoxides 56-59 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 16214039-10 2005 Sublethal superoxide dose evoked: (1) proinflammatory state manifested by increased IL-8 mRNA expression and CAM on the endothelial surface, (2) HUVEC apoptosis and activated endothelial NADPH oxidase, (3) increase in intracellular tissue factor, and (4) decrease in eNOS mRNA and protein and up-regulation of iNOS mRNA. Superoxides 10-20 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 84-88 16356114-11 2005 In conclusion, glucose promotes iron-mediated oxidation of apoB- 100 proline and arginine residues via a superoxide-dependent mechanism, thus rendering the LDL particles more atherogenic. Superoxides 105-115 apolipoprotein B Homo sapiens 59-68 16356118-5 2005 Others put forward a so-called "unifying hypothesis" suggesting that activation of several major pathways implicated in diabetic complications (e.g., sorbitol pathway) occurs due to increased production of superoxide anion radicals in mitochondria and resulting poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase activation. Superoxides 206-231 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 262-289 16356120-1 2005 Hyperglycemia-induced overproduction of superoxide by mitochondrial electron-transport chain triggers several pathways of injury involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications [protein kinase C (PKC), hexosamine and polyol pathway fluxes, advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation] by inhibiting glyceraldehyde- 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) activity. Superoxides 40-50 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 309-350 16356120-1 2005 Hyperglycemia-induced overproduction of superoxide by mitochondrial electron-transport chain triggers several pathways of injury involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications [protein kinase C (PKC), hexosamine and polyol pathway fluxes, advanced glycation end product (AGE) formation] by inhibiting glyceraldehyde- 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) activity. Superoxides 40-50 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 352-357 16356121-2 2005 The levels of superoxides are elevated in the retina, and the mitochondria become dysfunctional with proapoptotic protein, Bax, translocating from the cytosol into the mitochondria, and cytochrome c leaking out from the mitochondria. Superoxides 14-25 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 186-198 16356121-4 2005 Inhibition of superoxides inhibits glucose -induced mitochondrial dysfunction, activation of caspase-3, and cell death in retinal capillary cells. Superoxides 14-25 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 93-102 16279946-9 2005 This reaction involves the TNFalpha-induced generation of superoxide leading to activation of NF-kappaB, and can be abolished by antioxidants and by overexpression of a super-suppressor phosphorylation-resistant IkappaBalpha. Superoxides 58-68 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 27-35 16279946-9 2005 This reaction involves the TNFalpha-induced generation of superoxide leading to activation of NF-kappaB, and can be abolished by antioxidants and by overexpression of a super-suppressor phosphorylation-resistant IkappaBalpha. Superoxides 58-68 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 94-103 16279946-9 2005 This reaction involves the TNFalpha-induced generation of superoxide leading to activation of NF-kappaB, and can be abolished by antioxidants and by overexpression of a super-suppressor phosphorylation-resistant IkappaBalpha. Superoxides 58-68 NFKB inhibitor alpha Homo sapiens 212-224 16214039-10 2005 Sublethal superoxide dose evoked: (1) proinflammatory state manifested by increased IL-8 mRNA expression and CAM on the endothelial surface, (2) HUVEC apoptosis and activated endothelial NADPH oxidase, (3) increase in intracellular tissue factor, and (4) decrease in eNOS mRNA and protein and up-regulation of iNOS mRNA. Superoxides 10-20 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 310-314 16203876-4 2005 Histological analyses showed that increased amounts of superoxide and intense TGF-beta1 mRNA expression were present in lipid-positive tubular epithelial cells in angiotensin II-infused animals. Superoxides 55-65 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 163-177 16195397-6 2005 HIF1alpha nuclear translocation was not observed in ATPase-deficient fibroblasts with increased superoxide production and was found to be independent of cellular iron availability in SDHA-mutant cells. Superoxides 96-106 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 0-9 16088894-5 2005 Among the pro-inflammatory signals, the ability of the two anthraquinones to interfere with the production of superoxide anion (O(2) (-)), which was assumed as a marker of reactive oxygen species (ROS), was evaluated in an in vitro cell model by testing phagocytes, such as human neutrophils, challenged by the chemotactic agent N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP). Superoxides 128-136 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 369-373 16216984-7 2005 Superoxide levels in control mice were higher in aorta treated with Ang II than with vehicle and were markedly reduced in CuZnSOD transgenic mice. Superoxides 0-10 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 68-74 16216984-7 2005 Superoxide levels in control mice were higher in aorta treated with Ang II than with vehicle and were markedly reduced in CuZnSOD transgenic mice. Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 122-129 16171809-11 2005 Although genetic disruption of the iNOS gene provides partial protection against cytokine-induced cardiac dysfunction, iNOS-independent mechanisms, including contribution of NO from other NOS enzymes and the generation of superoxide, are also important contributors. Superoxides 222-232 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 35-39 16204621-3 2005 However, this production of O2- is dependent on translocation of the oxidase subunits, including gp91phox, p22phox, p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and Rac2 from the cytosol or specific granules to the plasma membrane. Superoxides 28-30 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 147-151 16107552-4 2005 We first confirmed the presence of ROS in the hearts of AhR null mice by measuring superoxide (O2*-)-dependent oxidation of dihydroethidium. Superoxides 83-93 aryl-hydrocarbon receptor Mus musculus 56-59 16107552-4 2005 We first confirmed the presence of ROS in the hearts of AhR null mice by measuring superoxide (O2*-)-dependent oxidation of dihydroethidium. Superoxides 95-100 aryl-hydrocarbon receptor Mus musculus 56-59 16179589-7 2005 Small interference RNA against Nox4 downregulates Nox4 mRNA by 80+/-5%, inhibits NADPH-driven superoxide production in response to TGF-beta1 by 65+/-7%, and reduces TGF-beta1-induced expression of SM alpha-actin by 95+/-2% (n=6, P<0.05). Superoxides 94-104 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 131-140 16230485-6 2005 Infusion of Ang II (0.7 mg/kg per day) into these mice for 2 weeks led to a potentiation of superoxide production compared with similarly treated negative littermate controls. Superoxides 92-102 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 12-18 16230485-9 2005 Tempol decreased the level of Ang II-induced aortic superoxide production and partially reversed the hypertrophic and hypertensive responses in these animals. Superoxides 52-62 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 30-36 16246966-6 2005 Infusion of Ang II induced a significant increase in mean blood pressure, accompanied by augmented expression of Nox1 mRNA and superoxide production in the aorta of Nox1(+/Y), whereas the elevation in blood pressure and production of superoxide were significantly blunted in Nox1(-/Y). Superoxides 127-137 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 12-18 16246966-6 2005 Infusion of Ang II induced a significant increase in mean blood pressure, accompanied by augmented expression of Nox1 mRNA and superoxide production in the aorta of Nox1(+/Y), whereas the elevation in blood pressure and production of superoxide were significantly blunted in Nox1(-/Y). Superoxides 234-244 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 12-18 16151022-0 2005 NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide anion mediates angiotensin II-induced pressor effect via activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in the rostral ventrolateral medulla. Superoxides 22-38 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 48-62 15899505-2 2005 Extracellular SOD (EC-SOD/SOD3) is a major superoxide scavenger and it is located on cell surfaces and primarily in extracellular matrix, and binds heparan sulfates by its carboxyterminal portion. Superoxides 43-53 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 14-17 15899505-2 2005 Extracellular SOD (EC-SOD/SOD3) is a major superoxide scavenger and it is located on cell surfaces and primarily in extracellular matrix, and binds heparan sulfates by its carboxyterminal portion. Superoxides 43-53 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 19-25 15899505-2 2005 Extracellular SOD (EC-SOD/SOD3) is a major superoxide scavenger and it is located on cell surfaces and primarily in extracellular matrix, and binds heparan sulfates by its carboxyterminal portion. Superoxides 43-53 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 26-30 16151022-5 2005 DPI or antisense p22phox or p47phox oligonucleotide treatment also attenuated the AT1 receptor-dependent increase in O2*- production in the ventrolateral medulla elicited by Ang II at the RVLM. Superoxides 117-121 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 174-180 16151022-0 2005 NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide anion mediates angiotensin II-induced pressor effect via activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase in the rostral ventrolateral medulla. Superoxides 22-38 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 104-140 16151022-2 2005 We tested the hypothesis that NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide anion (O2*-) in the RVLM mediates Ang II-induced pressor response via activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Superoxides 52-68 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 97-103 16151022-2 2005 We tested the hypothesis that NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide anion (O2*-) in the RVLM mediates Ang II-induced pressor response via activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Superoxides 52-68 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 181-185 16151022-2 2005 We tested the hypothesis that NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide anion (O2*-) in the RVLM mediates Ang II-induced pressor response via activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Superoxides 70-72 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 97-103 16151022-2 2005 We tested the hypothesis that NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide anion (O2*-) in the RVLM mediates Ang II-induced pressor response via activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Superoxides 70-72 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 181-185 16226933-6 2005 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase and the uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase may be O2- -producing enzymes. Superoxides 111-113 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 70-103 16186418-8 2005 CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that CD40L might contribute to the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis by increasing O2*(-)- and ONOO(-)-dependent PGIS nitration and thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 receptor stimulation. Superoxides 120-122 CD40 ligand Homo sapiens 30-35 16186418-3 2005 METHODS AND RESULTS: Exposure of cultured human aortic endothelial cells to clinically relevant concentrations of CD40L (20 to 80 ng/mL) dose-dependently increased the production of superoxide (O2*-), decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity, and increased PGIS nitration. Superoxides 182-192 CD40 ligand Homo sapiens 114-119 16186418-8 2005 CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that CD40L might contribute to the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis by increasing O2*(-)- and ONOO(-)-dependent PGIS nitration and thromboxane A2/prostaglandin H2 receptor stimulation. Superoxides 120-122 prostaglandin I2 synthase Homo sapiens 150-154 16186418-3 2005 METHODS AND RESULTS: Exposure of cultured human aortic endothelial cells to clinically relevant concentrations of CD40L (20 to 80 ng/mL) dose-dependently increased the production of superoxide (O2*-), decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity, and increased PGIS nitration. Superoxides 182-192 prostaglandin I2 synthase Homo sapiens 256-260 16186418-3 2005 METHODS AND RESULTS: Exposure of cultured human aortic endothelial cells to clinically relevant concentrations of CD40L (20 to 80 ng/mL) dose-dependently increased the production of superoxide (O2*-), decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity, and increased PGIS nitration. Superoxides 194-196 CD40 ligand Homo sapiens 114-119 15928021-9 2005 Housing pregnant mice in 12% O(2), or induction of maternal hyperglycemia (>250 mg/dl), decreased Pax3 expression fivefold, and increased NTD eightfold. Superoxides 29-33 paired box 3 Mus musculus 101-105 16186418-3 2005 METHODS AND RESULTS: Exposure of cultured human aortic endothelial cells to clinically relevant concentrations of CD40L (20 to 80 ng/mL) dose-dependently increased the production of superoxide (O2*-), decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioactivity, and increased PGIS nitration. Superoxides 194-196 prostaglandin I2 synthase Homo sapiens 256-260 16186418-4 2005 Furthermore, inhibition of CD40 expression by small interfering RNA blocked the effects of CD40L on O2*-, NO bioactivity, and PGIS nitration, which indicates a specific effect of CD40L. Superoxides 100-102 CD40 ligand Homo sapiens 91-96 16298730-8 2005 Our results underline the importance of SOD in terminating superoxide-dependent chain reactions in cells under oxidative stress. Superoxides 59-69 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 40-43 16009356-2 2005 Enzymatic systems such as the mitochondrial respiratory chain, vascular NAD(P)H oxidases, xanthine oxidase, and uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) produce superoxide anion (O2*-) in vascular cells. Superoxides 171-187 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 122-155 16009356-2 2005 Enzymatic systems such as the mitochondrial respiratory chain, vascular NAD(P)H oxidases, xanthine oxidase, and uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) produce superoxide anion (O2*-) in vascular cells. Superoxides 189-191 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 122-155 16140212-7 2005 Treatment of cells under hypoxia with low concentrations of the superoxide generator 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone lowered HIF-1alpha protein stabilization. Superoxides 64-74 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 126-136 15920727-9 2005 These data indicate that LPS-induced superoxide production in microglia is independent of TLR4 and that ROS derived from the production of extracellular superoxide in microglia mediates the LPS-induced TNF-alpha response of both the TLR4-dependent and independent pathway. Superoxides 153-163 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 202-211 15920727-8 2005 Further, both TLR4(-/-) and TLR4(+/+) microglia showed a similar increase in extracellular superoxide production when exposed to LPS (1-1,000 ng/ml). Superoxides 91-101 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 14-18 15920727-9 2005 These data indicate that LPS-induced superoxide production in microglia is independent of TLR4 and that ROS derived from the production of extracellular superoxide in microglia mediates the LPS-induced TNF-alpha response of both the TLR4-dependent and independent pathway. Superoxides 153-163 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 233-237 15920727-8 2005 Further, both TLR4(-/-) and TLR4(+/+) microglia showed a similar increase in extracellular superoxide production when exposed to LPS (1-1,000 ng/ml). Superoxides 91-101 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 28-32 16210055-6 2005 Superoxide anion generation was determined by means of cytochrome C reduction and degranulation by means of eosinophil-derived neurotoxin release. Superoxides 0-16 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 55-67 15920727-9 2005 These data indicate that LPS-induced superoxide production in microglia is independent of TLR4 and that ROS derived from the production of extracellular superoxide in microglia mediates the LPS-induced TNF-alpha response of both the TLR4-dependent and independent pathway. Superoxides 37-47 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 233-237 16210055-9 2005 Finally, WAY103 inhibited VCAM-1-stimulated superoxide generation but enhanced cytokine-activated eosinophil-derived neurotoxin degranulation. Superoxides 44-54 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 26-32 16135774-9 2005 Pre-incubation with the selective mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist, eplerenone (10 micromol/L), significantly attenuated aldosterone-induced O(2)(-) production, NADPH oxidase activation and membranous translocation of p47phox and p67phox. Superoxides 151-156 nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 2 Rattus norvegicus 34-60 16210057-15 2005 Eosinophils in mucosal tissues can be either primed for action (cytokine production and survival) or fully activated (degranulation and superoxide release) by different forms of S-IgA. Superoxides 136-146 CD79a molecule Homo sapiens 180-183 16135774-9 2005 Pre-incubation with the selective mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist, eplerenone (10 micromol/L), significantly attenuated aldosterone-induced O(2)(-) production, NADPH oxidase activation and membranous translocation of p47phox and p67phox. Superoxides 151-156 nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 2 Rattus norvegicus 62-64 15829915-10 2005 Superoxide production and ubiquitinated protein in the SOD 1 Tg mice were also lower than in the wild-type mice after tFCI. Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 55-60 16160597-3 2005 Angiotensin II (Ang II) has been shown to augment O2- formation. Superoxides 50-52 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-14 16052483-5 2005 Higher oxidative stress (superoxide production, intracellular GSH depletion) was induced by alpha-linolenic (ALA) and linoleic (LA) incubation (P<0.01) and superoxide production was suppressed by specific PKCalpha inhibitor (Go 6976) and linked to increased toxicity and IL-2 synthesis inhibition. Superoxides 159-169 protein kinase C alpha Homo sapiens 208-216 16052483-5 2005 Higher oxidative stress (superoxide production, intracellular GSH depletion) was induced by alpha-linolenic (ALA) and linoleic (LA) incubation (P<0.01) and superoxide production was suppressed by specific PKCalpha inhibitor (Go 6976) and linked to increased toxicity and IL-2 synthesis inhibition. Superoxides 159-169 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 274-278 16160597-3 2005 Angiotensin II (Ang II) has been shown to augment O2- formation. Superoxides 50-52 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 16-22 16160603-1 2005 Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) uncoupling is a condition of increased production of superoxide anion associated with a decreased production of nitric oxide (NO) by this enzyme. Superoxides 81-97 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 0-21 15987712-12 2005 PON inversely correlated with IgG aCL titres (P<0.001), superoxide (P<0.008) and peroxynitrite levels (P<0.0009). Superoxides 59-69 paraoxonase 1 Mus musculus 0-3 16254825-2 2005 The effect of these flavonoids on stimulus-induced superoxide generation in human neutrophils was assayed by measuring the reduction of cytochrome c. Superoxides 51-61 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 136-148 16254825-5 2005 FMLP-induced tyrosyl phosphorylation or PMA-induced serine/threonine phosphorylation and the translocation of the cytosolic proteins p47(phox) and p67(phox) to the cell membrane were suppressed in parallel to the suppression of the stimulus-induced superoxide generation. Superoxides 249-259 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 16254825-5 2005 FMLP-induced tyrosyl phosphorylation or PMA-induced serine/threonine phosphorylation and the translocation of the cytosolic proteins p47(phox) and p67(phox) to the cell membrane were suppressed in parallel to the suppression of the stimulus-induced superoxide generation. Superoxides 249-259 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 147-150 16259125-3 2005 Catalase (CAT), an antioxidant enzyme that specifically scavenges H2O2, could significantly diminish both histone acetylation increase and cell death caused by VK3, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme that specifically eliminates O2*-, showed no effect on both of these, leading to the conclusion that H2O2 generation, but not O2*- generation, contributes to VK3-induced histone hyperacetylation and cell death. Superoxides 68-70 catalase Homo sapiens 0-8 16259125-3 2005 Catalase (CAT), an antioxidant enzyme that specifically scavenges H2O2, could significantly diminish both histone acetylation increase and cell death caused by VK3, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme that specifically eliminates O2*-, showed no effect on both of these, leading to the conclusion that H2O2 generation, but not O2*- generation, contributes to VK3-induced histone hyperacetylation and cell death. Superoxides 68-70 catalase Homo sapiens 10-13 16259125-3 2005 Catalase (CAT), an antioxidant enzyme that specifically scavenges H2O2, could significantly diminish both histone acetylation increase and cell death caused by VK3, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme that specifically eliminates O2*-, showed no effect on both of these, leading to the conclusion that H2O2 generation, but not O2*- generation, contributes to VK3-induced histone hyperacetylation and cell death. Superoxides 240-242 catalase Homo sapiens 0-8 16259125-3 2005 Catalase (CAT), an antioxidant enzyme that specifically scavenges H2O2, could significantly diminish both histone acetylation increase and cell death caused by VK3, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme that specifically eliminates O2*-, showed no effect on both of these, leading to the conclusion that H2O2 generation, but not O2*- generation, contributes to VK3-induced histone hyperacetylation and cell death. Superoxides 240-242 catalase Homo sapiens 10-13 16243586-7 2005 Similarly, angiotensin II-stimulated arterial superoxide production was reduced in the presence of the above inhibitors. Superoxides 46-56 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 11-25 16150654-2 2005 We hypothesized that sulfaphenazole, an inhibitor of CYP2C6 and 9, also attenuates post-ischemic endothelial dysfunction by reducing CYP-mediated superoxide generation (which scavenges nitric oxide (NO)), thereby restoring NO bioavailability and vascular tone. Superoxides 146-156 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 53-56 16243586-10 2005 Angiotensin II induced superoxide anion production may be mediated by multiple inter-dependent rate-limiting enzymes in both types of artery. Superoxides 23-39 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-14 16243586-11 2005 Our studies may have important implication for future therapeutic approaches involving inhibition of angiotensin II mediated superoxide generation in hypertension and prevention of cardiovascular disease. Superoxides 125-135 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 101-115 16243586-15 2005 Angiotensin II induced superoxide anion production may be mediated by multiple inter-dependent rate-limiting enzymes in both types of artery. Superoxides 23-39 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-14 16140258-1 2005 The topology of superoxide generation by sn-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and complex III in intact Drosophila mitochondria was studied using aconitase inactivation to measure superoxide production in the matrix, and hydrogen peroxide formation in the presence of superoxide dismutase to measure superoxide production from both sides of the membrane. Superoxides 181-191 Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 44-78 16140258-0 2005 The topology of superoxide production by complex III and glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in Drosophila mitochondria. Superoxides 16-26 Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 57-91 16140258-1 2005 The topology of superoxide generation by sn-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and complex III in intact Drosophila mitochondria was studied using aconitase inactivation to measure superoxide production in the matrix, and hydrogen peroxide formation in the presence of superoxide dismutase to measure superoxide production from both sides of the membrane. Superoxides 16-26 Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 44-78 16195486-4 2005 This is caused by increased vascular superoxide production and a supersensitivity to vasoconstrictors secondary to a tonic activation of protein kinase C. NADPH oxidase(s) and uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase have been proposed as superoxide sources. Superoxides 37-47 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 186-219 16140258-1 2005 The topology of superoxide generation by sn-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and complex III in intact Drosophila mitochondria was studied using aconitase inactivation to measure superoxide production in the matrix, and hydrogen peroxide formation in the presence of superoxide dismutase to measure superoxide production from both sides of the membrane. Superoxides 181-191 Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 44-78 16195486-4 2005 This is caused by increased vascular superoxide production and a supersensitivity to vasoconstrictors secondary to a tonic activation of protein kinase C. NADPH oxidase(s) and uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase have been proposed as superoxide sources. Superoxides 242-252 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 186-219 16195486-5 2005 Superoxide and vascular NO rapidly form peroxynitrite, which aggravates tolerance by promoting NO synthase uncoupling and inhibition of soluble guanylyl cyclase and prostacyclin synthase. Superoxides 0-10 prostaglandin I2 synthase Homo sapiens 165-186 16109303-3 2005 We herein hypothesize that in biological systems the presence of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the facile transmembrane diffusion of (*)NO preclude accumulation of O(2)*(-) and (*)NO radicals under flux ratios different from one, preventing the secondary reactions that result in the inhibition of 3-nitrotyrosine formation. Superoxides 165-169 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 87-90 16109303-6 2005 However, when superoxide dismutation by SOD and (*)NO decay due to diffusion out of the compartment were incorporated in the model, a quite different profile of J(NO(2(-))Y) as a function of the radical flux ratio was obtained: despite the fact that nitration yields were much lower, the bell-shape profile was lost and the extent of tyrosine nitration was responsive to increases in either O(2)*(-) or (*)NO, in agreement with in vivo observations. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 40-43 16015598-2 2005 Furthermore, angiotensin activates NADPH-dependent oxidases, which are a major source of superoxide, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, commonly used in the treatment of hypertension and chronic heart failure, have shown antioxidant properties in several tissues. Superoxides 89-99 angiotensin I converting enzyme Rattus norvegicus 105-134 16145000-6 2005 An Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor blocker, valsartan, inhibited atherosclerotic lesion formation, superoxide production, NADPH oxidase activity, and p47phox expression; these inhibitory effects were significantly weaker in AT2/ApoE-KO mice. Superoxides 96-106 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 3-9 16093920-0 2005 Vascular but not cardiac remodeling is associated with superoxide production in angiotensin II hypertension. Superoxides 55-65 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 80-94 16156895-10 2005 This mechanism may mediate inflammatory neurodegeneration in response to cytokines, bacteria, ATP, arachidonate and pathological prions, in which case neurons may be protected by iNOS or NOX inhibitors, or scavengers of NO, superoxide or peroxynitrite. Superoxides 224-234 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 179-183 16084485-2 2005 Activators include superoxide and reactive alkenals, suggesting new physiological functions for UCP2 and UCP3: their activation by superoxide when protonmotive force is high causes mild uncoupling, which lowers protonmotive force and attenuates superoxide generation by the electron transport chain. Superoxides 19-29 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 96-100 16084485-2 2005 Activators include superoxide and reactive alkenals, suggesting new physiological functions for UCP2 and UCP3: their activation by superoxide when protonmotive force is high causes mild uncoupling, which lowers protonmotive force and attenuates superoxide generation by the electron transport chain. Superoxides 131-141 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 96-100 16084485-2 2005 Activators include superoxide and reactive alkenals, suggesting new physiological functions for UCP2 and UCP3: their activation by superoxide when protonmotive force is high causes mild uncoupling, which lowers protonmotive force and attenuates superoxide generation by the electron transport chain. Superoxides 131-141 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 96-100 15863444-12 2005 Eosinophils treated with medium from IL-4-stimulated A549 cells preincubated with anti-CCL26 showed a marked decrease of superoxide anion production compared with anti-CCL24 treated. Superoxides 121-137 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 37-41 15908460-2 2005 Endothelin-1 (ET-1) induces superoxide production, which can be dismutated to H(2)O(2). Superoxides 28-38 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-12 15847608-0 2005 HIV-1 Nef regulates the release of superoxide anions from human macrophages. Superoxides 35-52 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 6-9 15847608-4 2005 We show here that the inducible expression of Nef in human phagocytic cells modulates the superoxide release in a biphasic manner. Superoxides 90-100 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 46-49 15847608-5 2005 In particular, an early Nef-induced increase of the superoxide release was followed by a dramatic decrease starting from 10 h after the Nef induction. Superoxides 52-62 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 24-27 15847608-5 2005 In particular, an early Nef-induced increase of the superoxide release was followed by a dramatic decrease starting from 10 h after the Nef induction. Superoxides 52-62 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 136-139 15847608-7 2005 Whereas the early increase in superoxide release is probably the result of the already described Nef-dependent activation of PAK-2 (p21-activated kinase 2)-Rac2, we were interested in investigating the mechanisms underlying the late inhibition of superoxide release observed originally. Superoxides 30-40 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 97-100 15847608-7 2005 Whereas the early increase in superoxide release is probably the result of the already described Nef-dependent activation of PAK-2 (p21-activated kinase 2)-Rac2, we were interested in investigating the mechanisms underlying the late inhibition of superoxide release observed originally. Superoxides 30-40 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 156-160 15847608-8 2005 In this regard, we individuated at least three independent requirements for the Nef-induced blockade of superoxide release: (i) the active protein synthesis; (ii) both the membrane localization and the interaction with endocytotic machinery of Nef; and (iii) the release of soluble factor(s). Superoxides 104-114 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 80-83 15847608-8 2005 In this regard, we individuated at least three independent requirements for the Nef-induced blockade of superoxide release: (i) the active protein synthesis; (ii) both the membrane localization and the interaction with endocytotic machinery of Nef; and (iii) the release of soluble factor(s). Superoxides 104-114 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 244-247 15947986-9 2005 Priming with VT1 significantly reduced superoxide release when neutrophils were stimulated with fMLP or PMA. Superoxides 39-49 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 96-100 16181054-4 2005 The addition of IFN-gamma, alone or in combination with TNF-alpha, increased spontaneous superoxide release by PBM and THP-1 cells (p < 0.05) and increased phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated superoxide release by CM, PBM, and THP-1 cells (p < 0.05). Superoxides 89-99 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 16-25 16181054-4 2005 The addition of IFN-gamma, alone or in combination with TNF-alpha, increased spontaneous superoxide release by PBM and THP-1 cells (p < 0.05) and increased phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated superoxide release by CM, PBM, and THP-1 cells (p < 0.05). Superoxides 89-99 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 56-65 16181054-4 2005 The addition of IFN-gamma, alone or in combination with TNF-alpha, increased spontaneous superoxide release by PBM and THP-1 cells (p < 0.05) and increased phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated superoxide release by CM, PBM, and THP-1 cells (p < 0.05). Superoxides 202-212 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 16-25 16181054-4 2005 The addition of IFN-gamma, alone or in combination with TNF-alpha, increased spontaneous superoxide release by PBM and THP-1 cells (p < 0.05) and increased phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated superoxide release by CM, PBM, and THP-1 cells (p < 0.05). Superoxides 202-212 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 56-65 16125525-2 2005 Results suggest that a 6-week-long Flu administration completely counteracted the AII-induced increase in superoxide anion and leukotriene C4 production of the neutrophils of patients with hypercholesterolemia. Superoxides 106-122 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 82-85 15972824-9 2005 Using a spin-trapping technique combined with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, we confirmed this result but also demonstrated that the partially glycosylated form of Duox2, located in the endoplasmic reticulum, generates superoxide in a calcium-dependent manner. Superoxides 234-244 dual oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 179-184 15933216-3 2005 Mn-SOD is acknowledged as a major sink for mitochondrial superoxide. Superoxides 57-67 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 0-6 15972824-10 2005 These results suggest that post-translational modifications during the maturation process of Duox2 could be implicated in the mechanism of H2O2 formation by favoring intramolecular superoxide dismutation. Superoxides 181-191 dual oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 93-98 15949904-1 2005 The activity of gp91phox, the catalytic subunit of the superoxide-generating respiratory burst oxidase, is stimulated by the regulatory subunits p47phox, p67phox and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 55-65 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 183-186 16043023-3 2005 In this study we demonstrate that removal of superoxide by the SOD mimetic (SODm) M40403 reduces the respiratory and histopathological lung abnormalities due to ovalbumin (OA) aerosol in a model of allergic asthma-like reaction in sensitized guinea pigs. Superoxides 45-55 superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Cavia porcellus 63-66 15946965-14 2005 In conclusion, diabetes-related oxidative stress attenuates K+ currents through ANG II-generated increased superoxide ion levels. Superoxides 107-117 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 80-86 15845871-10 2005 It is likely that LPS induction of iNOS, which produces NO, coupled to pyrazole induction of CYP2E1 which produces superoxide, sets up conditions for maximal peroxynitrite formation and production of 3-nitrotyrosine adducts. Superoxides 115-125 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 35-39 16081809-1 2005 Rac1 and Rac2 are capable of stimulating superoxide production in vitro, but their targeting and functional mechanisms are still unknown. Superoxides 41-51 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 9-13 15778277-1 2005 We have previously reported that ANG II stimulation increased superoxide anion (O2-) through the activation of NAD(P)H oxidase and inhibited nitric oxide (NO)-dependent control of myocardial oxygen consumption (MVo2) by scavenging NO. Superoxides 62-78 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 33-39 16014616-3 2005 Superoxide levels were elevated in arteries after LPS, and increased levels of superoxide were prevented by gene transfer of IL-10. Superoxides 0-10 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 50-53 16014616-3 2005 Superoxide levels were elevated in arteries after LPS, and increased levels of superoxide were prevented by gene transfer of IL-10. Superoxides 0-10 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 125-130 15845871-10 2005 It is likely that LPS induction of iNOS, which produces NO, coupled to pyrazole induction of CYP2E1 which produces superoxide, sets up conditions for maximal peroxynitrite formation and production of 3-nitrotyrosine adducts. Superoxides 115-125 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 93-99 16014616-3 2005 Superoxide levels were elevated in arteries after LPS, and increased levels of superoxide were prevented by gene transfer of IL-10. Superoxides 79-89 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 125-130 16099495-1 2005 Superoxide dismutases (SOD), a group of metal-containing enzymes, have a vital anti-oxidant role in human health, conferred by their scavenging of one of the reactive oxygen species, superoxide anion. Superoxides 183-199 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-21 15879305-3 2005 Superoxide produced by the NADPH oxidase may react with NO released by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), thereby generating peroxynitrite. Superoxides 0-10 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 71-104 15993333-7 2005 Under this condition, apoptosis was triggered by an increased production of superoxide that led to a specific activation of the JNK-dependent pathway. Superoxides 76-86 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 128-131 15993333-8 2005 The involvement of superoxide and JNK was demonstrated by cell death inhibition in experiments carried out in the presence of Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase or with specific inhibitors of JNK activity. Superoxides 19-29 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 126-152 15993333-8 2005 The involvement of superoxide and JNK was demonstrated by cell death inhibition in experiments carried out in the presence of Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase or with specific inhibitors of JNK activity. Superoxides 19-29 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 184-187 16121716-5 2005 Chandraprabha Vati was a good scavenger of superoxide radical and Maha yogaraja Guggulu was efficient in scavenging nitric oxide (NO), while both inhibited lipid peroxidation efficiently. Superoxides 43-61 vesicle amine transport 1 Homo sapiens 14-18 16206826-3 2005 Compounds 5, 3, 9, 4, 17 and 13 have strong inhibitory effects on superoxide anion formation (98%, 93%, 91%, 88%, 85% and 81%, respectively) at 10(-3) M concentration and these results are better than 30 IU of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (76%). Superoxides 66-82 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 210-230 16206826-3 2005 Compounds 5, 3, 9, 4, 17 and 13 have strong inhibitory effects on superoxide anion formation (98%, 93%, 91%, 88%, 85% and 81%, respectively) at 10(-3) M concentration and these results are better than 30 IU of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (76%). Superoxides 66-82 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 232-235 16024814-7 2005 Conversely, p38 MAPK activation was dependent upon superoxide and was also nullified in STAT1 knockout macrophages, probably due to impaired generation of superoxide. Superoxides 51-61 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 12-15 16024814-7 2005 Conversely, p38 MAPK activation was dependent upon superoxide and was also nullified in STAT1 knockout macrophages, probably due to impaired generation of superoxide. Superoxides 155-165 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 12-15 16099495-1 2005 Superoxide dismutases (SOD), a group of metal-containing enzymes, have a vital anti-oxidant role in human health, conferred by their scavenging of one of the reactive oxygen species, superoxide anion. Superoxides 183-199 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 23-26 16184402-9 2005 Trilinolein inhibited ET-1-increased NADPH oxidase activity and superoxide formation in a concentration-dependent manner. Superoxides 64-74 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 22-26 16184402-10 2005 This increase in superoxide production by ET-1 was significantly inhibited by trilinolein, diphenyleneiodonium, or N-acetylcysteine. Superoxides 17-27 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 42-46 16184402-12 2005 These data indicate that trilinolein inhibits ET-1-induced ERK phosphorylation, JNK phosphorylation, and c-fos gene expression via attenuating superoxide production in cardiomyocytes. Superoxides 143-153 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 46-50 15998684-2 2005 G6PD may therefore affect superoxide anion production via vascular NADPH oxidase, which is key in mediating the vascular response to angiotensin II (Ang II). Superoxides 26-42 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 133-147 15878793-4 2005 A 2-week administration of AT II increased significantly systolic blood pressure, the production of superoxide anion in the aorta and B1 receptor binding sites in the thoracic spinal dorsal horn. Superoxides 100-116 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 27-32 15922491-3 2005 In the present study we investigated the ability of N/OFQ, in comparison with the proinflammatory peptide formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP), to stimulate human neutrophil and monocyte chemotaxis and the release of lysozyme and superoxide anion (O2-) production from neutrophils. Superoxides 219-235 prepronociceptin Homo sapiens 52-57 15922491-3 2005 In the present study we investigated the ability of N/OFQ, in comparison with the proinflammatory peptide formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP), to stimulate human neutrophil and monocyte chemotaxis and the release of lysozyme and superoxide anion (O2-) production from neutrophils. Superoxides 237-239 prepronociceptin Homo sapiens 52-57 15964507-2 2005 In the mitochondria, superoxide is detoxified by manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2). Superoxides 21-31 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 49-79 15964507-2 2005 In the mitochondria, superoxide is detoxified by manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2). Superoxides 21-31 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 81-85 15998684-2 2005 G6PD may therefore affect superoxide anion production via vascular NADPH oxidase, which is key in mediating the vascular response to angiotensin II (Ang II). Superoxides 26-42 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 149-155 15998028-7 2005 As the redox potentials to convert the Co(II) to Co(III) are high, it can be inferred that the redox potential of the Co(II)-substituted SOD may be outside the range required to convert the superoxide radical (O2*-) to hydrogen peroxide, and this is sufficient to explain the inactivity of the enzyme. Superoxides 190-208 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 39-45 15878941-7 2005 Furthermore, IL-6 time dependently increased superoxide anion production and ONOO- formation; the latter was abolished by 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(4-sulphonatophenyl)-porphyrinato iron (III) (FeTPPS), an ONOO- decomposition catalyst. Superoxides 45-61 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 13-17 15998028-7 2005 As the redox potentials to convert the Co(II) to Co(III) are high, it can be inferred that the redox potential of the Co(II)-substituted SOD may be outside the range required to convert the superoxide radical (O2*-) to hydrogen peroxide, and this is sufficient to explain the inactivity of the enzyme. Superoxides 190-208 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III Homo sapiens 49-56 15998028-7 2005 As the redox potentials to convert the Co(II) to Co(III) are high, it can be inferred that the redox potential of the Co(II)-substituted SOD may be outside the range required to convert the superoxide radical (O2*-) to hydrogen peroxide, and this is sufficient to explain the inactivity of the enzyme. Superoxides 190-208 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 118-124 15998028-7 2005 As the redox potentials to convert the Co(II) to Co(III) are high, it can be inferred that the redox potential of the Co(II)-substituted SOD may be outside the range required to convert the superoxide radical (O2*-) to hydrogen peroxide, and this is sufficient to explain the inactivity of the enzyme. Superoxides 210-215 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 39-45 15998028-7 2005 As the redox potentials to convert the Co(II) to Co(III) are high, it can be inferred that the redox potential of the Co(II)-substituted SOD may be outside the range required to convert the superoxide radical (O2*-) to hydrogen peroxide, and this is sufficient to explain the inactivity of the enzyme. Superoxides 210-215 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III Homo sapiens 49-56 15998028-7 2005 As the redox potentials to convert the Co(II) to Co(III) are high, it can be inferred that the redox potential of the Co(II)-substituted SOD may be outside the range required to convert the superoxide radical (O2*-) to hydrogen peroxide, and this is sufficient to explain the inactivity of the enzyme. Superoxides 210-215 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 118-124 15939049-14 2005 CONCLUSIONS: PON1 directly reduced macrophage and aortic oxidative status, which was associated with decreased superoxide anion production and increased glutathione content. Superoxides 111-127 paraoxonase 1 Mus musculus 13-17 15852033-14 2005 TNF-alpha further increased prednisolone-enhanced O(2)(*-) formation in intact PA segments and PAECs. Superoxides 50-54 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-9 15922319-3 2005 We employed this tissue model to explore mechanisms involved in AngII-mediated superoxide production. Superoxides 79-89 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 64-69 15911738-7 2005 Moreover, in estrogen-deficient rats, TNF-alpha inhibition reduced the constriction of mesenteric arteries to phenylephrine, increased the modulation of this vasoconstriction by the NO synthase inhibitor nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, and decreased the modulation by a superoxide scavenger (Mn(III)tetrakis(4-benzoic acid) porphyrin chloride). Superoxides 269-279 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 38-47 15922319-6 2005 RESULTS: Superoxide production was stimulated by AngII and PMA and attenuated by AT1 receptor antagonists (mean percentage reduction 80.2%, P<0.01) and inhibitors of PKC (mean reduction 94.8%, P<0.001) and NAD(P)H oxidase (mean reduction 100%, P< 0.001). Superoxides 9-19 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 49-54 15922319-7 2005 CONCLUSIONS: AngII stimulates platelet superoxide production through activation of vascular NAD(P)H oxidase via the AT1 receptor and PKC. Superoxides 39-49 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 13-18 15998281-7 2005 Taken together, our results suggest that ROS production, especially superoxide production via NADPH oxidase, is required for NMDA receptor-dependent activation of ERK in hippocampal area CA1. Superoxides 68-78 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Mus musculus 163-166 15942460-8 2005 Treatment with BH4 also significantly reduced Ang II-induced increases in inducible NO synthase expression, nitrotyrosine immunostaining, NO production and superoxide anion formation in rats. Superoxides 156-172 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 46-52 15942460-9 2005 CONCLUSION: These results indicate that BH4 might prevent the development of hypertension and myocardial hypertrophy, as well as the Ang II-induced production of superoxide and NO, thereby reducing the production of peroxynitrite. Superoxides 162-172 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 133-139 15941833-1 2005 Recent studies demonstrate that oxidative inactivation of tetrahydrobiopterin (H4B) may cause uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) to produce superoxide (O2*-). Superoxides 160-170 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 108-141 15911335-3 2005 ROS (e.g., superoxide, peroxynitrite, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide) are all potential reactants capable of initiating DNA single strand breakage, with subsequent activation of the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase (PARS), leading to eventual severe energy depletion of the cells, and necrotic-type cell death. Superoxides 11-21 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 205-232 15941833-1 2005 Recent studies demonstrate that oxidative inactivation of tetrahydrobiopterin (H4B) may cause uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) to produce superoxide (O2*-). Superoxides 172-174 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 108-141 15941833-8 2005 Rapid and transient activation of endothelial NAD(P)H oxidases was responsible for the initial burst production of O2* (Rac1 inhibitor NSC 23766 but not an N-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester-attenuated ESR O2*- signal at 30 min) in response to angiotensin II, preceding a second peak in O2*- production at 24 h that predominantly depended on uncoupled eNOS. Superoxides 115-117 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 241-255 15941833-10 2005 production and diminished eNOS production of O2*- in angiotensin II-stimulated cells. Superoxides 45-47 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 53-67 15917191-3 2005 In this study we found that peroxynitrite, a physiological oxidant formed by the fast radical-radical reaction between the nitric oxide and the superoxide anion, induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1alpha (PP1alpha) in human erythrocytes through activation of src family kinases. Superoxides 144-160 protein phosphatase 1 catalytic subunit alpha Homo sapiens 247-255 15824103-3 2005 Here we show that ectopic expression of Nox3 in various types of cells leads to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-independent constitutive production of a substantial amount of superoxide under the conditions where gp91(phox) and Nox1 fail to generate superoxide, i.e. in the absence of the oxidase organizers and activators. Superoxides 175-185 NSFL1 (p97) cofactor (p47) Mus musculus 218-222 15824103-4 2005 Nox3 likely forms a functional complex with p22(phox); Nox3 physically interacts with and stabilizes p22(phox), and the Nox3-dependent superoxide production is totally dependent on p22(phox). Superoxides 135-145 dynein cytoplasmic 1 heavy chain 1 Mus musculus 44-47 15824103-4 2005 Nox3 likely forms a functional complex with p22(phox); Nox3 physically interacts with and stabilizes p22(phox), and the Nox3-dependent superoxide production is totally dependent on p22(phox). Superoxides 135-145 NSFL1 (p97) cofactor (p47) Mus musculus 48-52 15824103-4 2005 Nox3 likely forms a functional complex with p22(phox); Nox3 physically interacts with and stabilizes p22(phox), and the Nox3-dependent superoxide production is totally dependent on p22(phox). Superoxides 135-145 dynein cytoplasmic 1 heavy chain 1 Mus musculus 101-104 15824103-4 2005 Nox3 likely forms a functional complex with p22(phox); Nox3 physically interacts with and stabilizes p22(phox), and the Nox3-dependent superoxide production is totally dependent on p22(phox). Superoxides 135-145 NSFL1 (p97) cofactor (p47) Mus musculus 105-109 15824103-4 2005 Nox3 likely forms a functional complex with p22(phox); Nox3 physically interacts with and stabilizes p22(phox), and the Nox3-dependent superoxide production is totally dependent on p22(phox). Superoxides 135-145 dynein cytoplasmic 1 heavy chain 1 Mus musculus 101-104 15824103-4 2005 Nox3 likely forms a functional complex with p22(phox); Nox3 physically interacts with and stabilizes p22(phox), and the Nox3-dependent superoxide production is totally dependent on p22(phox). Superoxides 135-145 NSFL1 (p97) cofactor (p47) Mus musculus 105-109 15824103-5 2005 The organizers p47(phox) and Noxo1 are capable of enhancing the superoxide production by Nox3 in the absence of the activators, and the enhancement requires the interaction of the organizers with p22(phox), further indicating a link between Nox3 and p22(phox). Superoxides 64-74 NSFL1 (p97) cofactor (p47) Mus musculus 15-24 15824103-5 2005 The organizers p47(phox) and Noxo1 are capable of enhancing the superoxide production by Nox3 in the absence of the activators, and the enhancement requires the interaction of the organizers with p22(phox), further indicating a link between Nox3 and p22(phox). Superoxides 64-74 dynein cytoplasmic 1 heavy chain 1 Mus musculus 196-199 15824103-5 2005 The organizers p47(phox) and Noxo1 are capable of enhancing the superoxide production by Nox3 in the absence of the activators, and the enhancement requires the interaction of the organizers with p22(phox), further indicating a link between Nox3 and p22(phox). Superoxides 64-74 NSFL1 (p97) cofactor (p47) Mus musculus 19-23 15824103-5 2005 The organizers p47(phox) and Noxo1 are capable of enhancing the superoxide production by Nox3 in the absence of the activators, and the enhancement requires the interaction of the organizers with p22(phox), further indicating a link between Nox3 and p22(phox). Superoxides 64-74 dynein cytoplasmic 1 heavy chain 1 Mus musculus 250-253 15824103-5 2005 The organizers p47(phox) and Noxo1 are capable of enhancing the superoxide production by Nox3 in the absence of the activators, and the enhancement requires the interaction of the organizers with p22(phox), further indicating a link between Nox3 and p22(phox). Superoxides 64-74 NSFL1 (p97) cofactor (p47) Mus musculus 200-204 15824103-8 2005 Thus Nox3 functions together with p22(phox) as an enzyme constitutively producing superoxide, which can be distinctly regulated by combinatorial use of the organizers and activators. Superoxides 82-92 dynein cytoplasmic 1 heavy chain 1 Mus musculus 34-37 15824103-8 2005 Thus Nox3 functions together with p22(phox) as an enzyme constitutively producing superoxide, which can be distinctly regulated by combinatorial use of the organizers and activators. Superoxides 82-92 NSFL1 (p97) cofactor (p47) Mus musculus 38-42 15917194-10 2005 This study suggests that water-soluble antioxidants, which scavenge superoxide radicals, may reduce platelet CD40L expression. Superoxides 68-78 CD40 ligand Homo sapiens 109-114 15925745-4 2005 When uncoupled from essential cofactors, NO synthase III (NOS III) can also produce O(2)(*-). Superoxides 84-88 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 41-56 16001098-9 2005 However, the low activity of SOD in PMN may be responsible for the increased levels of superoxide anion radicals in the epidermis. Superoxides 87-112 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 29-32 15925745-4 2005 When uncoupled from essential cofactors, NO synthase III (NOS III) can also produce O(2)(*-). Superoxides 84-88 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 58-65 15925745-10 2005 A reduction in O(2)(*-) production in response to L-NAME occurred in the remaining patients and indicates O(2)(*-) production by the uncoupled NOS III enzyme. Superoxides 15-19 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 143-150 15925745-10 2005 A reduction in O(2)(*-) production in response to L-NAME occurred in the remaining patients and indicates O(2)(*-) production by the uncoupled NOS III enzyme. Superoxides 15-23 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 143-150 15925745-11 2005 CONCLUSIONS: This study provides first published evidence that NOS III can reside in the uncoupled state in patients with hypertension and, to a greater extent, in patients with coexisting hypertension and diabetes, and that it contributes significantly to increased superoxide production in these disease states. Superoxides 267-277 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 63-70 15778738-3 2005 2 This study was undertaken to establish the role of SP in human AM isolated from healthy smokers and non-smokers, by evaluating the presence of tachykinin NK(1) receptors (NK-1R) and SP"s ability to induce superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) production and cytokine release, as well as activation of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) pathway. Superoxides 207-223 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 184-186 15778738-5 2005 These NK-1R are functional, as SP and NK(1) agonists dose-dependently induce O(2)(-) production and cytokine release. Superoxides 77-81 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 31-33 15962931-6 2005 This signal was quenched by the addition of the superoxide scavenging enzyme Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 48-58 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 77-103 16026269-2 2005 Hyperglycemia directly promotes an endothelial dysfunction inducing process of overproduction of superoxide and consequently peroxynitrite, that damages DNA and activates the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Superoxides 97-107 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 190-217 15864528-11 2005 The production of superoxide anions (O2-) was significantly increased in the aortae of AngII-treated rats, and this increase was prevented by the administration of tempol or BH4. Superoxides 18-35 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 87-92 15864528-11 2005 The production of superoxide anions (O2-) was significantly increased in the aortae of AngII-treated rats, and this increase was prevented by the administration of tempol or BH4. Superoxides 37-39 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 87-92 15935981-0 2005 Perioperative treatment with human growth hormone down-regulates apoptosis and increases superoxide production in PMN from patients undergoing infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Superoxides 89-99 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 35-49 15890620-4 2005 Strikingly, and so far unreported, we found a substantial decrease in the activity of the cytosolic copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) in the heart tissue of SOD2(+/-) mice, suggesting that the breakdown of mitochondrial membranes in the heart of SOD2(+/-) mice results in the enhanced release of superoxide anion radicals or derivatives thereof with subsequent inactivation of cytosolic SOD1. Superoxides 303-328 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 135-139 15890620-4 2005 Strikingly, and so far unreported, we found a substantial decrease in the activity of the cytosolic copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) in the heart tissue of SOD2(+/-) mice, suggesting that the breakdown of mitochondrial membranes in the heart of SOD2(+/-) mice results in the enhanced release of superoxide anion radicals or derivatives thereof with subsequent inactivation of cytosolic SOD1. Superoxides 303-328 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 164-168 15980672-12 2005 CONCLUSIONS: The disturbed metabolism of superoxide due to the decreased activities of SOD and catalase seem to be important in the pathogenesis of NASH. Superoxides 41-51 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 87-90 15929797-1 2005 BACKGROUND: In the nervous system, as in other organs, Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) is a key antioxidant enzyme involved in superoxide detoxification in normal cellular metabolism and after cell injury. Superoxides 61-71 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 83-92 15985711-13 2005 In both HSV and IMA segments superoxide production was more than doubled in the presence of SOD inhibitor-DETC. Superoxides 29-39 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 92-95 15837578-6 2005 The inhibition of O2- and NO production by Hippocampal-Cm was mimicked by the addition of recombinant TGF beta1. Superoxides 18-20 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 102-111 15837578-7 2005 Treating Hippocampal-Cm with an antibody against TGF beta1 to neutralize its activity eliminated its ability to inhibit O2- and NO production. Superoxides 120-122 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 49-58 15980672-12 2005 CONCLUSIONS: The disturbed metabolism of superoxide due to the decreased activities of SOD and catalase seem to be important in the pathogenesis of NASH. Superoxides 41-51 catalase Homo sapiens 95-103 15879116-5 2005 DMSO also elevated IL-1beta secretion by PBMC in response to exogenous superoxide anions. Superoxides 71-88 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 19-27 15935810-3 2005 Recently suggested roles for NQO1 which may have relevance for mechanisms underlying benzene toxicity include modulation of cellular redox balance, direct scavenging of superoxide, stabilization of p53 and stabilization of microtubules. Superoxides 169-179 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 29-33 15757894-6 2005 The elevated basal activity of I kappa B kinase in macrophages from Ucp2-/- mice can be blocked by cell-permeable inhibitors of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide generation, but not by a specific inhibitor for inducible nitric-oxide synthase. Superoxides 128-138 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 68-72 15757894-7 2005 Isolated mitochondria from Ucp2-/- cells produced more superoxide/hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 55-65 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 27-31 15884106-11 2005 CONCLUSION: A decrease in SOD antioxidant activity leading to increased mucosal levels of superoxide anion and peroxynitrite radicals may contribute to the development of esophageal damage and Barrett"s esophagus in patients with gastroesophageal reflux. Superoxides 90-106 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 26-29 15637112-5 2005 Tempol or tiron (superoxide scavengers) increased flow-induced dilation in vessels of Mn-SOD+/- mice. Superoxides 17-27 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 86-95 15637112-0 2005 Increased superoxide leads to decreased flow-induced dilation in resistance arteries of Mn-SOD-deficient mice. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 88-94 15637112-7 2005 Superoxide levels in the arteries of Mn-SOD+/- mice were significantly increased. Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 37-43 15637112-11 2005 We conclude that an increased concentration of superoxide due to reduced activity of Mn-SOD, which inactivates nitric oxide and inhibits eNOS activity, contributes to the impaired vasodilator function of isolated mesenteric arteries of Mn-SOD+/- mice. Superoxides 47-57 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 85-91 15637112-11 2005 We conclude that an increased concentration of superoxide due to reduced activity of Mn-SOD, which inactivates nitric oxide and inhibits eNOS activity, contributes to the impaired vasodilator function of isolated mesenteric arteries of Mn-SOD+/- mice. Superoxides 47-57 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 236-245 15965076-10 2005 In undifferentiated PC12 cells, wild-type Tat-SOD1 could prevent DNA fragmentation due to superoxide anion attacks generated by 35 mM paraquat, whereas mutant Tat-D101G enhanced cell death. Superoxides 90-106 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 46-50 15718491-6 2005 In the presence of superoxide scavenger 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPOL), NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor apocynin, or p38 kinase (an upstream activator of NAD(P)H oxidase) inhibitor SB203850, but not xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol or JNK inhibitor SP600125, the detrimental effect of CRP on serotonin-induced dilation was prevented. Superoxides 19-29 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 136-139 15718491-6 2005 In the presence of superoxide scavenger 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPOL), NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor apocynin, or p38 kinase (an upstream activator of NAD(P)H oxidase) inhibitor SB203850, but not xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol or JNK inhibitor SP600125, the detrimental effect of CRP on serotonin-induced dilation was prevented. Superoxides 19-29 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 260-263 15718491-6 2005 In the presence of superoxide scavenger 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPOL), NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor apocynin, or p38 kinase (an upstream activator of NAD(P)H oxidase) inhibitor SB203850, but not xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol or JNK inhibitor SP600125, the detrimental effect of CRP on serotonin-induced dilation was prevented. Superoxides 19-29 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 310-313 15718491-7 2005 Dihydroethidium staining showed that CRP produced SB203850- and TEMPOL-sensitive superoxide production in the arteriolar endothelium. Superoxides 81-91 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 37-40 15718491-9 2005 CONCLUSIONS: CRP inhibits endothelium-dependent NO-mediated dilation in coronary arterioles by producing superoxide from NAD(P)H oxidase via p38 kinase activation. Superoxides 105-115 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 13-16 15718491-9 2005 CONCLUSIONS: CRP inhibits endothelium-dependent NO-mediated dilation in coronary arterioles by producing superoxide from NAD(P)H oxidase via p38 kinase activation. Superoxides 105-115 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 141-144 15862706-2 2005 While the superoxide radical and SOD have been implicated in many disease states including inflammatory diseases, diseases of ischemia and reperfusion, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer, as well as more subtle roles in cell signaling and perhaps in immune function, SOD is not yet in widespread usage in human clinical medicine. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 271-274 15746439-5 2005 Consistent with this, basal and thrombin-induced superoxide levels increased in these SMCs. Superoxides 49-59 coagulation factor II Mus musculus 32-40 15888142-8 2005 RESULTS: Dapsone suppressed intra- and extracellular production of O(2) (-) and elastase release triggered by fMLP and C5a, but not by PMA. Superoxides 67-71 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 110-114 15888142-8 2005 RESULTS: Dapsone suppressed intra- and extracellular production of O(2) (-) and elastase release triggered by fMLP and C5a, but not by PMA. Superoxides 67-71 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 119-122 15862712-5 2005 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is the only extracellular scavenger of the superoxide radical. Superoxides 87-105 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 0-34 15867370-5 2005 In the mitochondria, p53 interacts with the primary antioxidant enzyme, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), consistent with the reduction of its superoxide scavenging activity, and a subsequent decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential. Superoxides 82-92 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 21-24 15862712-5 2005 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is the only extracellular scavenger of the superoxide radical. Superoxides 87-105 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 36-42 15862712-6 2005 The reactivity of superoxide is promiscuous and it is crucial that EC-SOD is positioned at the site of superoxide production to prevent adventitious reactions. Superoxides 18-28 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 67-73 15862712-6 2005 The reactivity of superoxide is promiscuous and it is crucial that EC-SOD is positioned at the site of superoxide production to prevent adventitious reactions. Superoxides 103-113 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 67-73 15821443-4 2005 In THP-1 and cultured VSMC, O2- caused an increase in NF-kappa B activation (P < 0.05) that was correlated with inhibitory I kappa B-alpha degradation. Superoxides 28-30 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 3-8 15821443-4 2005 In THP-1 and cultured VSMC, O2- caused an increase in NF-kappa B activation (P < 0.05) that was correlated with inhibitory I kappa B-alpha degradation. Superoxides 28-30 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 54-64 15821443-4 2005 In THP-1 and cultured VSMC, O2- caused an increase in NF-kappa B activation (P < 0.05) that was correlated with inhibitory I kappa B-alpha degradation. Superoxides 28-30 NFKB inhibitor alpha Homo sapiens 126-141 15886672-12 2005 CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to show that ginsenoside Rb1 can effectively block Hcy-induced endothelial dysfunction and superoxide anion production as well as eNOS downregulation in porcine coronary arteries. Superoxides 128-144 RB transcriptional corepressor 1 Sus scrofa 62-65 15817892-7 2005 Angiotensin II infusion, via AT1 receptor, directly increased brain superoxide by 1.8-fold (P<0.05; n=6 to 7 in each group) and impaired blood-brain barrier in salt-loaded SHRSP by 1.7-fold (P<0.05), and this increase in brain superoxide and blood-brain barrier impairment was prevented by tempol as well as candesartan. Superoxides 68-78 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-14 15817892-7 2005 Angiotensin II infusion, via AT1 receptor, directly increased brain superoxide by 1.8-fold (P<0.05; n=6 to 7 in each group) and impaired blood-brain barrier in salt-loaded SHRSP by 1.7-fold (P<0.05), and this increase in brain superoxide and blood-brain barrier impairment was prevented by tempol as well as candesartan. Superoxides 233-243 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-14 15817892-8 2005 CONCLUSIONS: Excess salt, via oxidative stress, accelerates stroke, and angiotensin II, via AT1 receptor, plays a pivotal role in brain superoxide production of SHRSP by excess salt. Superoxides 136-146 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 72-86 15671037-3 2005 We previously showed that RelA-NF-kappaB functioned as a proapoptotic factor by activating the p53-signaling pathway in response to doxycycline-induced superoxide. Superoxides 152-162 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 31-40 15671037-3 2005 We previously showed that RelA-NF-kappaB functioned as a proapoptotic factor by activating the p53-signaling pathway in response to doxycycline-induced superoxide. Superoxides 152-162 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 95-98 15671037-4 2005 In the present study, we demonstrate that the ability of doxycycline/superoxide to induce expression of polo-like kinase 3 (Plk3) depends on NF-kappaB activity. Superoxides 69-79 polo like kinase 3 Homo sapiens 104-122 15671037-4 2005 In the present study, we demonstrate that the ability of doxycycline/superoxide to induce expression of polo-like kinase 3 (Plk3) depends on NF-kappaB activity. Superoxides 69-79 polo like kinase 3 Homo sapiens 124-128 15671037-4 2005 In the present study, we demonstrate that the ability of doxycycline/superoxide to induce expression of polo-like kinase 3 (Plk3) depends on NF-kappaB activity. Superoxides 69-79 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 141-150 15671037-6 2005 Plk3 formed a complex with p53 and was involved in the phosphorylation of p53 on Ser-20 in response to superoxide. Superoxides 103-113 polo like kinase 3 Homo sapiens 0-4 15671037-6 2005 Plk3 formed a complex with p53 and was involved in the phosphorylation of p53 on Ser-20 in response to superoxide. Superoxides 103-113 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 27-30 15671037-6 2005 Plk3 formed a complex with p53 and was involved in the phosphorylation of p53 on Ser-20 in response to superoxide. Superoxides 103-113 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 74-77 15671037-7 2005 Inhibition of Plk3 expression by Plk3 small interfering RNA suppressed the doxycycline/superoxide-mediated apoptosis. Superoxides 87-97 polo like kinase 3 Homo sapiens 14-18 15671037-7 2005 Inhibition of Plk3 expression by Plk3 small interfering RNA suppressed the doxycycline/superoxide-mediated apoptosis. Superoxides 87-97 polo like kinase 3 Homo sapiens 33-37 15808886-6 2005 We also observed that caffeic acid suppressed the generation of superoxide anion stimulated by ANG II that activates NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 64-80 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 95-101 15814724-10 2005 However, PKC alpha inactivation by transfecting a catalytically inactive PKC alpha mutant attenuated superoxide formation. Superoxides 101-111 protein kinase C alpha Homo sapiens 9-18 15814724-10 2005 However, PKC alpha inactivation by transfecting a catalytically inactive PKC alpha mutant attenuated superoxide formation. Superoxides 101-111 protein kinase C alpha Homo sapiens 73-82 15814684-5 2005 In contrast, the N43A mutant, which binds to Por1 (Arfaptin 2), p67phox, and Pak1, is able to rescue superoxide production but not chemotaxis. Superoxides 101-111 ADP-ribosylation factor interacting protein 2 Mus musculus 45-49 15814684-5 2005 In contrast, the N43A mutant, which binds to Por1 (Arfaptin 2), p67phox, and Pak1, is able to rescue superoxide production but not chemotaxis. Superoxides 101-111 ADP-ribosylation factor interacting protein 2 Mus musculus 51-61 15795323-3 2005 METHODS AND RESULTS: In cultured mouse neonatal cardiomyocytes, LPS increased NADH oxidase (gp91phox subunit) expression and superoxide generation. Superoxides 125-135 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 64-67 15590897-0 2005 Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma ligands regulate endothelial membrane superoxide production. Superoxides 87-97 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Homo sapiens 0-48 15590897-5 2005 NADPH oxidase, which produces O2-., and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), which degrades O2-., thereby contribute to regulation of endothelial cell.NO metabolism. Superoxides 95-97 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 40-66 15590897-5 2005 NADPH oxidase, which produces O2-., and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), which degrades O2-., thereby contribute to regulation of endothelial cell.NO metabolism. Superoxides 95-97 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 68-77 15590897-6 2005 Therefore, we examined the ability of PPAR-gamma ligands to modulate endothelial O2-. Superoxides 81-83 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Homo sapiens 38-48 15590897-13 2005 These data suggest that in addition to any direct effects on endothelial.NO production, PPAR-gamma ligands enhance endothelial.NO bioavailability, in part by altering endothelial O2-. Superoxides 179-181 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Homo sapiens 88-98 15585671-12 2005 The attenuation by tempol of the high salt-induced blood pressure elevation indicates that ANG II-induced production of superoxide anion contributes to the development of salt-sensitive hypertension after transient induction of ANG II-dependent hypertension. Superoxides 120-136 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 91-97 15746442-1 2005 It is well established that the central cardiovascular effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) involve superoxide production. Superoxides 98-108 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 66-80 15746442-1 2005 It is well established that the central cardiovascular effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) involve superoxide production. Superoxides 98-108 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 82-88 15699459-0 2005 Superoxide mediates angiotensin II-induced influx of extracellular calcium in neural cells. Superoxides 0-10 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 20-34 15699459-1 2005 We recently demonstrated that superoxide (O2*-) is a key signaling intermediate in central angiotensin II (Ang II)-elicited blood pressure and drinking responses, and that hypertension caused by systemic Ang II infusion involves oxidative stress in cardiovascular nuclei of the brain. Superoxides 30-40 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 91-105 15699459-1 2005 We recently demonstrated that superoxide (O2*-) is a key signaling intermediate in central angiotensin II (Ang II)-elicited blood pressure and drinking responses, and that hypertension caused by systemic Ang II infusion involves oxidative stress in cardiovascular nuclei of the brain. Superoxides 30-40 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 107-113 15699459-1 2005 We recently demonstrated that superoxide (O2*-) is a key signaling intermediate in central angiotensin II (Ang II)-elicited blood pressure and drinking responses, and that hypertension caused by systemic Ang II infusion involves oxidative stress in cardiovascular nuclei of the brain. Superoxides 30-40 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 204-210 15699459-1 2005 We recently demonstrated that superoxide (O2*-) is a key signaling intermediate in central angiotensin II (Ang II)-elicited blood pressure and drinking responses, and that hypertension caused by systemic Ang II infusion involves oxidative stress in cardiovascular nuclei of the brain. Superoxides 42-46 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 91-105 15699459-1 2005 We recently demonstrated that superoxide (O2*-) is a key signaling intermediate in central angiotensin II (Ang II)-elicited blood pressure and drinking responses, and that hypertension caused by systemic Ang II infusion involves oxidative stress in cardiovascular nuclei of the brain. Superoxides 42-46 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 107-113 15699459-6 2005 Overexpression of cytoplasm-targeted O2*- dismutase via an adenoviral vector (AdCuZnSOD) efficiently scavenged Ang II-induced increases in intracellular O2*- and markedly attenuated the increase in [Ca2+]i caused by this peptide. Superoxides 37-39 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 111-117 15699459-8 2005 These data provide the first evidence that O2*- is involved in the Ang II-stimulated influx of extracellular Ca2+ in neural cells and suggest a potential intracellular signaling mechanism involved in Ang II-mediated oxidant regulation of central neural control of blood pressure. Superoxides 43-46 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 67-73 16138568-3 2005 We exposed VSMCs to Ang II and caffeic acid and found that caffeic acid significantly inhibited intracellular superoxide anion generation (decreased from 127 +/- 6.3% to 100.3 +/- 6.6% of the control cells) and the cell proliferation induced by Ang II. Superoxides 110-126 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 20-26 16138568-3 2005 We exposed VSMCs to Ang II and caffeic acid and found that caffeic acid significantly inhibited intracellular superoxide anion generation (decreased from 127 +/- 6.3% to 100.3 +/- 6.6% of the control cells) and the cell proliferation induced by Ang II. Superoxides 110-126 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 245-251 15817833-7 2005 Furthermore, thyroid hormone pre-incubation enhanced O2- production for n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl- phenylalanine (FMLP) stimulation. Superoxides 53-55 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 114-118 15775784-6 2005 RESULTS: Ang II (1 micromol/l) induced a larger p47phox subunit translocation and increased intracellular O2 production to a larger extent in HT in comparison to NT and this effect was blocked by apocynin, an inhibitor of the NAD(P)H oxidase. Superoxides 106-108 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 9-15 15608082-3 2005 The potent vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 (ET-1) is also elevated in diabetes and following CABG; however, the effect of ET-1 on *O2* generation and/or vascular dysfunction in bypass conduits remain unknown. Superoxides 128-130 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 119-123 15608082-4 2005 Accordingly, this study investigated basal and ET-1-stimulated *O2* production in bypass conduits and determined the effect of *O2* on conduit reactivity. Superoxides 64-66 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 47-51 15608082-7 2005 Plasma ET-1 levels were associated with elevated basal *O2* levels, and treatment of conduits with exogenous ET-1 further increased *O2* production and augmented vasoconstriction. Superoxides 56-58 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 7-11 15608082-7 2005 Plasma ET-1 levels were associated with elevated basal *O2* levels, and treatment of conduits with exogenous ET-1 further increased *O2* production and augmented vasoconstriction. Superoxides 56-58 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 109-113 15608082-7 2005 Plasma ET-1 levels were associated with elevated basal *O2* levels, and treatment of conduits with exogenous ET-1 further increased *O2* production and augmented vasoconstriction. Superoxides 133-135 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 109-113 15608082-9 2005 These findings suggest that ET-1 causes bypass conduits dysfunction via stimulation of *O2* production in diabetes. Superoxides 88-90 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 15702642-2 2005 Among them, 1 and 2 showed significant inhibitory effects on superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils in response to fMLP/CB. Superoxides 61-77 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 125-129 15828232-5 2005 In addition, the phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated 22 kDa-subunit (p22phox) protein levels and 47 kDa-subunit (p47phox) protein levels in NADPH (superoxide generating enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form)) oxidase were decreased by treatment with PPARalpha and PPARgamma ligands/activators. Superoxides 154-164 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Homo sapiens 298-307 15886672-18 2005 Our results showed that ginsenoside Rb1 can effectively block Hcy-induced dysfunction of endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation as well as superoxide anion production and eNOS downregulation. Superoxides 137-153 RB transcriptional corepressor 1 Sus scrofa 36-39 15781740-12 2005 CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that exercise capacity is reduced in conditions in which superoxide anion is increased, and this is associated with a greater increase in whole-body oxygen consumption in SOD2+/- compared with SOD2+/+. Superoxides 92-108 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 206-210 15749189-5 2005 Superoxide anion production by activated neutrophils was determined by a spectrophotometric method involving the measurement of cytochrome C reduction. Superoxides 0-16 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 128-140 15729131-2 2005 Angiotensin II type 1 receptor activation results in production of superoxide, but whether angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockade prevents production of superoxide and subsequent neuronal injury after ischemia remains unclear. Superoxides 67-77 angiotensin II receptor, type 1b Rattus norvegicus 0-30 15721216-6 2005 This demonstrates that the ERK1/2 signaling pathways play an important role in glucose deprivation-induced death in immunostimulated astroglia by regulating the generation of NO, superoxide and their reaction product, peroxynitrite. Superoxides 179-189 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 27-33 15721992-1 2005 To understand the role of oxidative stress and mitochondrial defects in the development of neurodegeneration, we examined the age-related pathological changes and corresponding gene expression profiles in homozygous mutant mice deficient in the mitochondrial form of superoxide dismutase (MnSOD, SOD2). Superoxides 267-277 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 289-294 15721992-1 2005 To understand the role of oxidative stress and mitochondrial defects in the development of neurodegeneration, we examined the age-related pathological changes and corresponding gene expression profiles in homozygous mutant mice deficient in the mitochondrial form of superoxide dismutase (MnSOD, SOD2). Superoxides 267-277 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 296-300 15819251-12 2005 The selective use of hydroxyl radical quenchers and superoxide dismutase demonstrated that superoxide, O2-, plays a major role in the oxidation of As(III) to As(V). Superoxides 52-62 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 158-163 15819251-12 2005 The selective use of hydroxyl radical quenchers and superoxide dismutase demonstrated that superoxide, O2-, plays a major role in the oxidation of As(III) to As(V). Superoxides 103-105 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 158-163 15729131-6 2005 Angiotensin II type 1 receptor may have an essential role in superoxide production and subsequent injury in vulnerable neurons after global cerebral ischemia. Superoxides 61-71 angiotensin II receptor, type 1b Rattus norvegicus 0-30 29699208-5 2005 Antioxidant enzymes include: superoxide dismutase (SOD), which is a specific enzyme to scavenge superoxide radicals; copper-zinc SOD, located in the cytosol; and manganese SOD, located in the mitochondria. Superoxides 29-39 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 51-54 29699208-6 2005 Both types of SOD belong to the first enzymatic step to scavenge superoxide radicals. Superoxides 65-75 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 14-17 15706098-4 2005 Bcl-2 expression increases cell resistance to oxidants, augments the expression of intracellular defenses against reactive oxygen species, and may affect mitochondrial generation of superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 182-192 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 0-5 15865106-3 2005 Polymorphic variations in NAD(P)H oxidase p22phox and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) enzyme activities may alter superoxide production or the rate of chemical metabolism, respectively, and this may influence the risk for CRC. Superoxides 103-113 paraoxonase 1 Homo sapiens 54-67 15536166-9 2005 Heightened generation of superoxide anion in aortic rings in ANG II-infused rats and by vascular smooth muscle cells exposed to ANG II was normalized by bilirubin in vitro. Superoxides 25-41 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 61-67 15536166-9 2005 Heightened generation of superoxide anion in aortic rings in ANG II-infused rats and by vascular smooth muscle cells exposed to ANG II was normalized by bilirubin in vitro. Superoxides 25-41 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 128-134 15536166-10 2005 We conclude that the pressor and prooxidant effects of ANG II are attenuated in the hyperbilirubinemic Gunn rat, an effect which, we speculate, may reflect, at least in part, the scavenging of superoxide anion by bilirubin. Superoxides 193-209 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 55-61 15865106-3 2005 Polymorphic variations in NAD(P)H oxidase p22phox and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) enzyme activities may alter superoxide production or the rate of chemical metabolism, respectively, and this may influence the risk for CRC. Superoxides 103-113 paraoxonase 1 Homo sapiens 69-73 15721870-9 2005 In COS-7 cells, a T495A eNOS mutant generated significantly more O(2)(-) than a T495D mutant did, indicating that the dephosphorylation of Thr(495) alone can increase O(2)(-) production by eNOS. Superoxides 167-171 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 24-28 15721870-11 2005 CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that a decrease in the activity of PKCalpha in ox-LDL-treated endothelial cells is associated with the dephosphorylation of eNOS, dissociation of the eNOS signaling complex, and the enhanced production of eNOS-derived O(2)(-). Superoxides 254-258 protein kinase C alpha Homo sapiens 71-79 15721870-0 2005 Oxidized low-density lipoprotein increases superoxide production by endothelial nitric oxide synthase by inhibiting PKCalpha. Superoxides 43-53 protein kinase C alpha Homo sapiens 116-124 15698597-15 2005 CONCLUSION: D,L-homocysteine and D,L-homocysteine-thiolactone enhanced fMLP-induced superoxide generation by the increment of translocation to membrane of p47(phox) and p67(phox). Superoxides 84-94 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 169-172 15721870-1 2005 OBJECTIVE: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) increases superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) production by the endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS). Superoxides 63-79 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 148-152 15721870-1 2005 OBJECTIVE: Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) increases superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) production by the endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS). Superoxides 81-84 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 148-152 15721870-9 2005 In COS-7 cells, a T495A eNOS mutant generated significantly more O(2)(-) than a T495D mutant did, indicating that the dephosphorylation of Thr(495) alone can increase O(2)(-) production by eNOS. Superoxides 65-69 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 24-28 15698597-16 2005 L-cystathionine and N-acetyl-L-cysteine suppressed fMLP- and PMA-induced superoxide generation by the inhibition of translocation to membrane of p47(phox) and p67(phox). Superoxides 73-83 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 159-162 15683711-7 2005 The reactions with cytochrome c and NBT were mediated by superoxide anions since they were inhibited by superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 57-74 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 19-31 15753257-6 2005 This suggests that fMLP receptor endocytosis could account, at least in part, for the priming of O2 degrees- production. Superoxides 97-99 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 19-32 15683715-0 2005 Endothelin mediates superoxide production in angiotensin II-induced hypertension in rats. Superoxides 20-30 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 45-59 15683715-3 2005 Our objective was to determine whether the ET-1 synthesis in VSMC is involved in angiotensin II-induced superoxide anion production in rats. Superoxides 104-120 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 81-95 15683715-4 2005 Our results show that treatments of isolated VSMC with angiotensin II and ET increased superoxide. Superoxides 87-97 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 55-69 15683715-7 2005 In vivo, LU302872 reduced the aortic superoxide production induced by angiotensin II administered for 12 days. Superoxides 37-47 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 70-84 15683715-8 2005 In conclusion, our results suggest that the superoxide generation induced by chronic angiotensin II infusion may be mediated by ET-1 acting on ETA receptors in VSMC in vitro. Superoxides 44-54 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 85-99 15699441-5 2005 Stimulation of RVSMCs by Ang II or diazoxide increased phosphorylated MAP kinases (ERK1/2, p38, and JNK), as well as superoxide production, which were then suppressed by 5-HD pretreatment in a dose-dependent manner, except for ERK1/2 activation by Ang II. Superoxides 117-127 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 25-31 15962096-1 2005 Recent work has demonstrated that hyperglycemia-induced overproduction of superoxide by the mitochondrial electron-transport chain triggers several pathways of injury [(protein kinase C (PKC), hexosamine and polyol pathway fluxes, advanced glycation end product formation (AGE)] involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications by inhibiting glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) activity. Superoxides 74-84 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 348-388 15763397-2 2005 Moreover, we have proven that MPO inhibits production of atherogenic free radical superoxide anion and MPO-inhibitors increase superoxide release. Superoxides 82-92 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 30-33 15503194-12 2005 Excessive production of TNF(alpha) and free radicals such as NO and superoxide by LPS stimulation were also attenuated by baicalein at a concentration-dependent pattern. Superoxides 68-78 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 24-34 15788155-3 2005 Murine IFN-gamma-activated peritoneal exudate cells (PEC) produced nitric oxide (NO), measured as nitrite plus nitrate, and superoxide. Superoxides 124-134 interferon gamma Mus musculus 7-16 15962096-1 2005 Recent work has demonstrated that hyperglycemia-induced overproduction of superoxide by the mitochondrial electron-transport chain triggers several pathways of injury [(protein kinase C (PKC), hexosamine and polyol pathway fluxes, advanced glycation end product formation (AGE)] involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications by inhibiting glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) activity. Superoxides 74-84 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 390-395 15752200-5 2005 The sod2 mutant accumulated significantly more reactive oxygen species (ROS) at 37 degrees C as well at 30 degrees C in the presence of antimycin A, suggesting that SOD2p is the primary defence of Cn against the superoxide anion (O(2) (.-)) in the mitochondria. Superoxides 212-228 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 4-8 15649651-2 2005 Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) generally will protect against superoxide-mediated tissue injury but protection by this enzyme against noise trauma is controversial. Superoxides 6-16 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 28-32 15652491-4 2005 Extracellular O(2)(-) was detected using an amperometric sensor constructed by immobilisation of cytochrome c using a binder, 3,3"-dithiobis(sulphosuccinimidylpropionate), to attach the redox protein onto the surface of electrodeposited Au electrodes incorporated into the optically transparent cell chip. Superoxides 14-21 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 97-109 15652491-5 2005 The simultaneous intra- and extracellular production of O(2)(-) was successfully observed from PMA-stimulated A172 cells and inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 56-60 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 138-158 15652491-5 2005 The simultaneous intra- and extracellular production of O(2)(-) was successfully observed from PMA-stimulated A172 cells and inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 56-60 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 160-163 15652491-8 2005 Feasibility of the integration of the two methods, optical and electrochemical, and the neutralisation of the intra- and extracellular O(2)(-) levels by SOD have been demonstrated. Superoxides 135-139 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 153-156 15713431-6 2005 These results suggest that FR260330 might be a useful therapeutical approach to various inflammatory diseases, in which superoxide or peroxynitrite formed from iNOS-derived NO are involved. Superoxides 120-130 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 160-164 15670578-1 2005 Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) production of nitric oxide (NO) has been mostly associated with so-called nitrosative stress or interaction with superoxide anion. Superoxides 152-168 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 0-31 15670578-1 2005 Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) production of nitric oxide (NO) has been mostly associated with so-called nitrosative stress or interaction with superoxide anion. Superoxides 152-168 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 33-37 15576639-7 2005 CONCLUSIONS: These results provide evidence that SOD expression in endothelial cells attenuates TNF-alpha-induced superoxide anion production and adhesion molecule expression, and that this protective effect is mediated by decreased JNK and p38 phosphorylation and activator protein-1 and nuclear factor kappaB inactivation. Superoxides 114-130 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 49-52 15471981-3 2005 If so, then is the mechanism because of intracellular depletion of tetrahydrobiopterin [BH4; a cofactor of NO synthase (NOS)], which results in superoxide production by uncoupled NOS? Superoxides 144-154 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 107-118 15576639-6 2005 It also attenuated intracellular superoxide anion production and NADPH oxidase activity in TNF-alpha-treated HAECs. Superoxides 33-49 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 91-100 15576639-7 2005 CONCLUSIONS: These results provide evidence that SOD expression in endothelial cells attenuates TNF-alpha-induced superoxide anion production and adhesion molecule expression, and that this protective effect is mediated by decreased JNK and p38 phosphorylation and activator protein-1 and nuclear factor kappaB inactivation. Superoxides 114-130 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 96-105 15576639-9 2005 Superoxide dismutase overexpression in endothelial cells attenuates tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced superoxide anion production and adhesion molecule expression, and this effect is mediated by decreased JNK and p38 phosphorylation and AP-1 and nuclear factor B inactivation. Superoxides 104-120 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 15576639-9 2005 Superoxide dismutase overexpression in endothelial cells attenuates tumor necrosis factor alpha-induced superoxide anion production and adhesion molecule expression, and this effect is mediated by decreased JNK and p38 phosphorylation and AP-1 and nuclear factor B inactivation. Superoxides 104-120 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 68-95 15513930-17 2005 These studies suggest two conclusions: (i) superoxide generation by phagocytes during liver damage and inflammation aggravates genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in hepatocytes and may thus contribute to tumor initiation and promotion; (ii) DEN has a direct stimulatory effect on KC to release superoxide and TNFalpha. Superoxides 43-53 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 306-314 15670740-0 2005 Antioxidant effect of bovine serum albumin on membrane lipid peroxidation induced by iron chelate and superoxide. Superoxides 102-112 albumin Homo sapiens 29-42 15653108-4 2005 RESULTS: When the cells were preincubated with phenolic acids and their derivatives, the superoxide generation induced by fMLP (1.0 micromol/l) and PMA (0.16 micromol/l) was inhibited to various degrees with compounds 1, 2 and 4 significantly suppressing such generation in a concentration-dependent manner. Superoxides 89-99 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 122-126 15623539-11 2005 These data provide evidence that chronic ET-1 infusion increases vascular NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production but does not account for chronic ET-1-induced hypertension. Superoxides 98-108 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 41-45 15546960-6 2005 LPS also increased NADH oxidase (gp91(phox) and p47(phox) subunits) expression and superoxide generation. Superoxides 83-93 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 0-3 15623539-1 2005 Experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that hypertension produced by chronic ET-1 infusion is mediated by NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production. Superoxides 141-151 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 88-92 15839099-4 2005 Cell responses against both superoxide and peroxide stresses include enhanced expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, however, the extent was different: treatment with PQ increased mainly SOD, whereas exogenous H2O2 led to enhanced catalase. Superoxides 28-38 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 114-117 15623539-10 2005 Similarly, ET-1 infusion also significantly increased aortic superoxide production (chemiluminescence and dihydroethidium staining techniques), which was prevented by both tempol and apocynin. Superoxides 61-71 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 11-15 16502343-9 2005 Superoxide anion (O(2) (*-)) release from leukocytes upon stimulation with N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP) and total blood glutathione were also higher in patients as compared to HNC. Superoxides 0-16 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 122-126 16502343-9 2005 Superoxide anion (O(2) (*-)) release from leukocytes upon stimulation with N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP) and total blood glutathione were also higher in patients as compared to HNC. Superoxides 18-22 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 122-126 15670639-7 2005 Since the inhibition of the EAAT2 transporter subtype had no effect on glutamate re-uptake in this model, our study suggests an impaired function of the EAAT1/3 transporter subtypes, possibly due to oxidative inactivation, in the presence of mutant copper/zinc superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 261-271 solute carrier family 1 member 3 Homo sapiens 153-160 15625114-9 2005 MPO also augmented PMN-dependent superoxide (O(2)(*-)) production, which was prevented by anti-CD11b antibodies, but not MPO inhibitors. Superoxides 33-43 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 0-3 15625114-9 2005 MPO also augmented PMN-dependent superoxide (O(2)(*-)) production, which was prevented by anti-CD11b antibodies, but not MPO inhibitors. Superoxides 45-53 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 0-3 15569826-9 2005 Transfection of a dominant-negative (RacN17) and constitutively active Rac1 mutant (RacV12) indicated that ANP-induced superoxide generation and MKP-1 expression are mediated via Rac1 activation. Superoxides 119-129 natriuretic peptide A Homo sapiens 107-110 15569826-10 2005 ANP-evoked production of superoxide was found to activate c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Superoxides 25-35 natriuretic peptide A Homo sapiens 0-3 15569826-10 2005 ANP-evoked production of superoxide was found to activate c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Superoxides 25-35 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 58-81 15569826-10 2005 ANP-evoked production of superoxide was found to activate c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Superoxides 25-35 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 83-86 15634780-4 2005 Overexpression of UCP2 decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which was measured using dihydroethidium because it is specifically oxidized to fluorescent ethidium by the superoxide anion, whereas mice lacking UCP2 exhibited increased ROS relative to wild-type controls. Superoxides 183-199 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 18-22 15471976-3 2005 Aortas of Tg(p22smc) mice had increased p22(phox) and Nox1 protein levels and produced more superoxide and H(2)O(2). Superoxides 92-102 dynein cytoplasmic 1 heavy chain 1 Mus musculus 13-16 15528474-2 2005 The goal of this study was to determine whether overexpression of CuZn superoxide dismutase (SOD) protects against ceramide-induced increases in vascular superoxide and endothelial dysfunction. Superoxides 71-81 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 93-96 15528474-10 2005 CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that ceramide-induced increases in superoxide impair endothelium-dependent relaxation, and that select overexpression of the CuZn isoform of SOD prevents ceramide-induced oxidative stress in vessels. Superoxides 70-80 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 176-179 15642147-4 2005 O2*- production by monocytes stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was quantified by the cytochrome c reduction method. Superoxides 0-3 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 99-111 16403692-9 2005 Aortic superoxide production and the extent of atherosclerotic lesions were greater in ApoE(-)/(-) mice on a normal-salt diet compared with C57Bl/6. Superoxides 7-17 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 87-91 15665296-3 2005 The SDHC E69 cells overproduced superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) from mitochondria, had elevated cytoplasmic carbonyl proteins and 8-OH-deoxyguanine in their DNA as well as significantly higher mutation frequencies than wild type. Superoxides 32-48 succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit C, integral membrane protein Mus musculus 4-8 15665296-3 2005 The SDHC E69 cells overproduced superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) from mitochondria, had elevated cytoplasmic carbonyl proteins and 8-OH-deoxyguanine in their DNA as well as significantly higher mutation frequencies than wild type. Superoxides 50-55 succinate dehydrogenase complex, subunit C, integral membrane protein Mus musculus 4-8 15586010-8 2005 This hypothesis is supported by recent data showing that sodium retention and hypertension can develop when the balance of production of these free radicals is tipped towards O2*-, such as in diabetes, atherosclerosis and renin-angiotensin-system activation. Superoxides 175-177 renin Homo sapiens 222-227 15375030-6 2005 When EC-SOD was overexpressed in Hep3B cells, we found a significant reduction in Epo gene induction by both CoCl2 (50 microM) and hypoxia (1% O2). Superoxides 143-145 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 5-11 15375030-6 2005 When EC-SOD was overexpressed in Hep3B cells, we found a significant reduction in Epo gene induction by both CoCl2 (50 microM) and hypoxia (1% O2). Superoxides 143-145 erythropoietin Homo sapiens 82-85 15947481-0 2005 The synthetic chemoattractant peptide WKYMVm induces superoxide production by human eosinophils via the phosphoinositide 3-kinase-mediated activation of ERK1/2. Superoxides 53-63 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 153-159 15947481-6 2005 In addition, pretreatment with the ERK1/2 kinase inhibitor PD98059 resulted in marked inhibition of superoxide production induced by WKYMVm. Superoxides 100-110 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 35-41 15947481-10 2005 CONCLUSION: These results suggest that WKYMVm stimulates human eosinophils to induce superoxide production via a PI3-kinase-mediated ERK1/2 pathway. Superoxides 85-95 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 133-139 15947482-6 2005 RESULTS: The PKC zeta inhibitor significantly blocked FMLP- or PMA-induced O(2)(-) generation by eosinophils. Superoxides 75-79 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 54-58 15678111-6 2005 Transgenic rats had a mild increase in ATF-4 and CHOP and minimal neuronal degeneration, indicating that superoxide was involved in ER stress-induced cell death. Superoxides 105-115 activating transcription factor 4 Rattus norvegicus 39-44 15678111-8 2005 When superoxide was visualized with ethidium, signals for ATF-4 and superoxide overlapped in the same cells. Superoxides 5-15 activating transcription factor 4 Rattus norvegicus 58-63 15513946-3 2005 This study also shows that TALK-1 and TALK-2 channels, expressed in Xenopus oocytes, are strongly and specifically activated by nitric oxide (obtained with a mixture of sodium nitroprussate (SNP) and dithiothreitol (DTT)), superoxide anion (obtained with xanthine and xanthine oxidase) and singlet oxygen (obtained upon photoactivation of rose bengal, and with chloramine T). Superoxides 223-239 potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 17 Homo sapiens 38-44 15997672-1 2005 It has been suggested that superoxide dismutase (SOD) plays an important role in endothelial dysfunction in essential hypertension (EH), by competing with nitric oxide for superoxide, thus influencing nitric oxide bioavailability. Superoxides 27-37 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 49-52 15997672-8 2005 Lowering of SOD activity in patients with different stages of EH leads to inefficient detoxification of superoxide in EH. Superoxides 104-114 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 12-15 15721393-1 2005 It has long been suggested that superoxide dismutase (SOD) be used for antioxidant therapy on the basis of its ability to catalyze the dismutation of superoxide radicals involved in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. Superoxides 150-169 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 32-52 15721393-1 2005 It has long been suggested that superoxide dismutase (SOD) be used for antioxidant therapy on the basis of its ability to catalyze the dismutation of superoxide radicals involved in the pathogenesis of several inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis. Superoxides 150-169 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 54-57 16284952-8 2005 Reduced I/R injury by using selective inhibition of iNOS perhaps works by limiting cytotoxic ONOO(-) generation, a reaction product of nitric oxide (NO) and super-oxide anion (O(2) (-)). Superoxides 157-174 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 52-56 15804172-1 2005 The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the local prevention of luminal superoxide-mediated biological damage in the rat jejunal mucosa could be achieved by liposomal superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the SOD mimic tempamine (TMN). Superoxides 92-102 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 209-212 15804172-1 2005 The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether the local prevention of luminal superoxide-mediated biological damage in the rat jejunal mucosa could be achieved by liposomal superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the SOD mimic tempamine (TMN). Superoxides 92-102 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 222-225 15761243-9 2005 Exogenous Ang II increased net O2* accumulation by 2.7-fold (p < 0.01), which was normalized by losartan and irbesartan. Superoxides 31-33 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 10-16 15761243-10 2005 DPI and apocynin blocked the HG and Ang II-induced increases in O2* (p < 0.01). Superoxides 64-66 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 36-42 15761243-12 2005 CONCLUSION: High glucose increases O2* accumulation in HMC primarily by increasing its production via the Ang II-NADH/NADPH oxidase system. Superoxides 35-37 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 106-112 15589971-10 2005 Thus, it appeared that inhibition of SOD might be the major cause for the production of cellular superoxide with concomitant decrease of H(2)O(2) in DPD-treated cells. Superoxides 97-107 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 37-40 15504745-7 2005 In rac2(-/-) neutrophils isolated from mice transplanted with Rac-transduced bone marrow cells, superoxide production and chemotaxis were fully reconstituted by expression of exogenous Rac2, but not Rac1. Superoxides 96-106 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 62-65 15504745-9 2005 Thus, the composition of the polybasic domain is sufficient for determining Rac isoform specificity in the production of superoxide and chemotaxis in murine neutrophils in vivo. Superoxides 121-131 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 76-79 16209336-5 2005 Angiotensin II induces superoxide and superoxide-derived hydrogen peroxide production, which may stimulate many proatherosclerotic processes, including increased expression of adhesion molecules, chemoattractants and activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB. Superoxides 23-33 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-14 16209336-5 2005 Angiotensin II induces superoxide and superoxide-derived hydrogen peroxide production, which may stimulate many proatherosclerotic processes, including increased expression of adhesion molecules, chemoattractants and activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB. Superoxides 23-33 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 252-261 16209336-5 2005 Angiotensin II induces superoxide and superoxide-derived hydrogen peroxide production, which may stimulate many proatherosclerotic processes, including increased expression of adhesion molecules, chemoattractants and activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB. Superoxides 38-48 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-14 16209336-5 2005 Angiotensin II induces superoxide and superoxide-derived hydrogen peroxide production, which may stimulate many proatherosclerotic processes, including increased expression of adhesion molecules, chemoattractants and activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB. Superoxides 38-48 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 252-261 15284074-5 2004 Brain superoxide levels tended to be higher in ANG II-treated rats compared with rats treated with Tempol and ANG II. Superoxides 6-16 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 47-53 15456782-1 2004 Plant mitochondrial uncoupling protein (UCP) is activated by superoxide suggesting that it may function to minimize mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation. Superoxides 61-71 Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1-like Solanum tuberosum 40-43 15456782-8 2004 Under such conditions, an increase in UCP protein content resulted in a modest but significant decrease in the rate of superoxide production. Superoxides 119-129 Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1-like Solanum tuberosum 38-41 15522206-4 2004 In normal mice exposed to a subacute (3 weeks) ethanol intoxication, a significant increase in the number of apoptotic hepatocytes was observed in concomitance with the up-regulation of the mitochondrial superoxide scavenger MnSOD, a reliable indicator of oxidative stress. Superoxides 204-214 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 225-230 15452132-9 2004 Consistently, superoxide radicals generated by hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase also induced the activation of N-SMase, but not A-SMase, through a catalase-sensitive pathway. Superoxides 14-24 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 Homo sapiens 129-136 15646653-4 2004 Superoxide release and adherence induced by GM-CSF or TNF were inhibited by PI3K inhibitors. Superoxides 0-10 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 54-57 15659779-7 2004 In this study, we demonstrate that a mixture of glycerol and cyanide reduced cytochrome c and nitroblue tetrazolium, both of which are superoxide anion indicators. Superoxides 135-151 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 77-89 15613778-9 2004 However, in eNOS-transgenic mice (eNOS-Tg) crossbred with apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (apoE-KO/eNOS-Tg), we found the accelerated lesion formation in association with increased superoxide production from vessels compared with apoE-KO mice. Superoxides 181-191 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 91-95 15380626-6 2004 The hyperglycemia-induced post-transcriptional upregulation of MnSOD and CuZnSOD levels suggest a response to increased superoxide production which, in the presence of increased nitric oxide production, may play a major role in the increased risk of damage following hyperglycemic stroke. Superoxides 120-130 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 73-80 15622376-10 2004 CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that oxLDL inhibits endothelial cell migration through a superoxide-dependent mechanism and that reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) oxidase is the cellular source of the superoxide. Superoxides 221-231 dual oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 137-190 15277329-6 2004 Concomitantly, aortic release of superoxide radicals was increased 2-fold in ApoE-/- mice compared with wild-type animals, whereas aortic superoxide production was normalized in ApoE-/--AT1-/- mice (L-012 chemiluminescence). Superoxides 33-43 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 77-81 15277329-6 2004 Concomitantly, aortic release of superoxide radicals was increased 2-fold in ApoE-/- mice compared with wild-type animals, whereas aortic superoxide production was normalized in ApoE-/--AT1-/- mice (L-012 chemiluminescence). Superoxides 138-148 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 178-182 15501776-0 2004 Role of protein tyrosine kinase p53/56lyn in diminished lipopolysaccharide priming of formylmethionylleucyl- phenylalanine-induced superoxide production in human newborn neutrophils. Superoxides 131-141 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 32-35 15491410-10 2004 Elimination of the post-Ang II decrease in medullary NO in animals pre-treated with tempol suggests that tissue superoxide generation stimulated by the hormone might reduce local bioavailability of NO. Superoxides 112-122 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 24-30 15543094-8 2004 In SIDS victims, chronic hypoxia, TNF-alpha and other inflammatory cytokines, and arachidonic acid (AA) as well as n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (FA), stimulated and/or augmented superoxide generation by polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which contributed to tissue damage. Superoxides 181-191 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 34-43 15500351-14 2004 The formation of superoxide anion was spectrophotometrically confirmed using two independent methods, including the reduction of cytochrome c and the reduction of sodium 4-[3-(iodophenyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-5-tetrazolio]-1,3-benzene disulfonate (WST-1). Superoxides 17-33 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 129-141 15838275-5 2004 The endothelin-1- induced attenuation was very strongly suppressed by co-incubation with J-104132, endothelin receptor A/B antagonist, or polyethylene-glycolated superoxide dismutase, a cell-permeant superoxide anion scavenger or LY294002, phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor. Superoxides 162-172 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 4-16 15838275-6 2004 These results indicate that endothelin-1 can induce endothelial dysfunction, and that this may be related to superoxide generation and to PI3-kinase activity. Superoxides 109-119 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 28-40 15501776-0 2004 Role of protein tyrosine kinase p53/56lyn in diminished lipopolysaccharide priming of formylmethionylleucyl- phenylalanine-induced superoxide production in human newborn neutrophils. Superoxides 131-141 LYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 38-41 15501776-5 2004 In a respiratory assay, the LPS-primed increase in formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (fMLP)-triggered O2- release by adult PMNs was greatly decreased by PP1 [4-amino-5-(4-methyphenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine], a src kinase inhibitor, to the level of untreated newborn PMNs, in which LPS failed to prime. Superoxides 103-105 inorganic pyrophosphatase 1 Homo sapiens 154-157 15501776-5 2004 In a respiratory assay, the LPS-primed increase in formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (fMLP)-triggered O2- release by adult PMNs was greatly decreased by PP1 [4-amino-5-(4-methyphenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine], a src kinase inhibitor, to the level of untreated newborn PMNs, in which LPS failed to prime. Superoxides 103-105 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 226-229 15480102-7 2004 Moreover, stimulation of *O2- production by angiotensin II and endothelin-1 was higher (P <0.05) in cells from hypertensives than in cells from normotensives. Superoxides 26-28 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 44-58 15838363-8 2004 These findings suggest that endothelin-1, through the endothelin-A receptor, contributes to salt-induced hypertension and vascular superoxide production in endothelin-B-deficient rats. Superoxides 131-141 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 28-40 15485492-5 2004 These effects depended on the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK/ERK1/2) pathway, as the specific MEK inhibitor, PD98059, prevented HaRas-mediated increase in ROS and superoxide anions. Superoxides 215-232 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 Homo sapiens 109-112 15485492-5 2004 These effects depended on the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK/ERK1/2) pathway, as the specific MEK inhibitor, PD98059, prevented HaRas-mediated increase in ROS and superoxide anions. Superoxides 215-232 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 113-119 15485492-5 2004 These effects depended on the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK/ERK1/2) pathway, as the specific MEK inhibitor, PD98059, prevented HaRas-mediated increase in ROS and superoxide anions. Superoxides 215-232 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 Homo sapiens 146-149 15480102-7 2004 Moreover, stimulation of *O2- production by angiotensin II and endothelin-1 was higher (P <0.05) in cells from hypertensives than in cells from normotensives. Superoxides 26-28 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 63-75 15451371-4 2004 When the availability of intracellular O2- was reduced by application of the cell membrane-permeable O2- scavengers MnTBAP or CP-H (spin trap), HFS-induced LTP was attenuated to 12.0+/-1.7% and 8.7+/-3.1% increase, respectively. Superoxides 39-41 carboxypeptidase E Rattus norvegicus 126-130 15375300-3 2004 Rho negatively regulates endothelial nitric oxide synthase and Rac contributes to NAD(P)H-oxidase activation and superoxide production. Superoxides 113-123 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 63-66 15375300-4 2004 Statins inhibit both Rho and Rac GTPase activity via inhibition of geranylgeranylation, which confers endothelial nitric oxide synthase upregulation and decreases superoxide production, respectively. Superoxides 163-173 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 29-32 15326186-6 2004 NOX3-dependent superoxide production required a stimulus in the absence of subunits and upon co-expression with phagocyte NADPH oxidase subunits p47(phox) and p67(phox), but it was stimulus-independent upon co-expression with colon NADPH oxidase subunits NOX organizer 1 and NOX activator 1. Superoxides 15-25 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 159-162 15326186-6 2004 NOX3-dependent superoxide production required a stimulus in the absence of subunits and upon co-expression with phagocyte NADPH oxidase subunits p47(phox) and p67(phox), but it was stimulus-independent upon co-expression with colon NADPH oxidase subunits NOX organizer 1 and NOX activator 1. Superoxides 15-25 NADPH oxidase activator 1 Homo sapiens 275-290 15451371-4 2004 When the availability of intracellular O2- was reduced by application of the cell membrane-permeable O2- scavengers MnTBAP or CP-H (spin trap), HFS-induced LTP was attenuated to 12.0+/-1.7% and 8.7+/-3.1% increase, respectively. Superoxides 101-103 carboxypeptidase E Rattus norvegicus 126-130 15320813-2 2004 Hyperglycemia directly promotes an endothelial dysfunction inducing process of overproduction of superoxide and consequently peroxynitrite that damages DNA and activates the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Superoxides 97-107 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 189-216 15490108-0 2004 Hyperglycaemia-induced superoxide production decreases eNOS expression via AP-1 activation in aortic endothelial cells. Superoxides 23-33 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 55-59 15490108-0 2004 Hyperglycaemia-induced superoxide production decreases eNOS expression via AP-1 activation in aortic endothelial cells. Superoxides 23-33 JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 75-79 15554240-4 2004 NQO1 has recently been shown to interact with superoxide and may be involved in scavenging superoxide within the cell. Superoxides 46-56 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 15554240-4 2004 NQO1 has recently been shown to interact with superoxide and may be involved in scavenging superoxide within the cell. Superoxides 91-101 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 15554245-7 2004 From the results reviewed here, two schemes for the involvement of MnSOD and catalase in the regulation of apoptosis can be extracted: 1) Both MnSOD and catalase inhibit apoptosis by removing superoxide anion radicals or H2O2, respectively, because these reactive oxygen species are mediators required for the apoptotic program or inhibit a survival pathway. Superoxides 192-217 catalase Homo sapiens 77-85 15554245-7 2004 From the results reviewed here, two schemes for the involvement of MnSOD and catalase in the regulation of apoptosis can be extracted: 1) Both MnSOD and catalase inhibit apoptosis by removing superoxide anion radicals or H2O2, respectively, because these reactive oxygen species are mediators required for the apoptotic program or inhibit a survival pathway. Superoxides 192-217 catalase Homo sapiens 153-161 15541774-6 2004 K562 human erythrokeukemia cells transfected with constructs for expression of gp91(phox), plus other essential NADPH oxidase components generated substantial amounts of superoxide when activated with phorbol ester, lesser amounts with arachidonic acid exposure, and none with TNFalpha. Superoxides 170-180 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 277-285 15370188-4 2004 The change in neutrophil superoxide generation was significantly correlated with the change in growth hormone concentration after Qi-training (p < .01). Superoxides 25-35 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 95-109 15370188-5 2004 These data indicate that, in elderly men, Qi-training enhances superoxide generation by neutrophils, possibly via the changes in plasma growth hormone concentration. Superoxides 63-73 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 136-150 15258259-4 2004 Direct transduction of synthetic FPR-siRNAT28 into human macrophages also inhibited the expression of FPR and abrogated cell chemotaxis and the release of superoxide anions induced by the bacterial formylpeptide. Superoxides 155-172 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 33-36 15544058-1 2004 Topical formulations with superoxide dismutase (SOD), a scavenger of superoxide radicals, have proved to be effective against some skin diseases. Superoxides 26-36 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 48-51 15633931-7 2004 This review devoted to late diabetic complications will summarize recent findings about proximal hyperglycaemia-induced alterations leading to common pathogenic action - inhibition of glycolysis on the level of GAPDH due to increased ratio NADH/NAD+, generation of superoxide and intracellular accumulation of dicarbonyls. Superoxides 265-275 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 211-216 15258136-2 2004 Our data demonstrate that both LPO-Fe(II) species are capable of binding O(2) at a similar rate to generate the ferrous-dioxy complex. Superoxides 73-77 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 31-34 15258136-6 2004 Our results have also shown that the decay of the LPO-Fe(II)-O(2) complex occurs by two sequential O(2)-independent steps. Superoxides 61-65 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 50-53 15262974-6 2004 With the use of methyl-beta-cyclodextrin, a cholesterol-depleting agent that reversibly disrupts rafts, we confirm an important regulatory role for rafts in the activation state of p38 and Cdc42 and in the Rho GTPase-dependent functions superoxide anion production and actin polymerization. Superoxides 237-253 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 181-184 15507763-1 2004 IFN-gamma dependent increase of superoxide production by neutrophils was observed in three patients with Chronic Granulomatous disease from one family. Superoxides 32-42 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 0-9 15507763-5 2004 The changes of splicing pattern in the transcripts and prolonged effect on superoxide generating ability of patients" neutrophils indicate that IFN-gamma induced an ability to correct abnormal splicing of CYBB gene transcripts in progenitor cells at least in part. Superoxides 75-85 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 144-153 15507767-0 2004 Reactions of superoxide with myeloperoxidase and its products. Superoxides 13-23 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 29-44 15507767-4 2004 We show that superoxide has a profound influence on oxidative reactions catalysed by MPO. Superoxides 13-23 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 85-88 15507767-7 2004 Superoxide also reacts rapidly with radicals generated by MPO, e.g. from tyrosine and tyrosyl peptides. Superoxides 0-10 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 58-61 15364863-4 2004 Superoxide, TNF-alpha, and MCP-1/CCL2 production were significantly reduced in the SOD1 transgenic donor heart recipients, and graft injury determined by serum CPK-MB levels was significantly decreased. Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 83-87 15249506-6 2004 In 2 male patients with inherited gp91phox deficiency, collagen-, thrombin-, and arachidonic acid-stimulated platelets showed an almost complete absence of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) and CD40L expression. Superoxides 156-172 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 66-74 15249506-7 2004 Incubation of platelets from healthy subjects with a PLA2 inhibitor almost completely prevented agonist-induced O(2)(-) and CD40L expression. Superoxides 112-116 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 53-57 15271858-2 2004 In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a Rac1-dependent NADPH oxidase is a key source of O(2)(*-) in Ang II-sensitive neurons and is involved in these central Ang II-dependent effects. Superoxides 95-99 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 107-113 15271858-2 2004 In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a Rac1-dependent NADPH oxidase is a key source of O(2)(*-) in Ang II-sensitive neurons and is involved in these central Ang II-dependent effects. Superoxides 95-99 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 165-171 15271858-4 2004 Ang II induced a time-dependent increase in Rac1 activation and O(2)(*-) production in Neuro-2A cells, and this was abolished by pretreatment with AdN17Rac1 or the NADPH oxidase inhibitors apocynin or diphenylene iodonium. Superoxides 64-68 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 0-6 15271858-10 2004 These results, for the first time, identify a Rac1-dependent NADPH oxidase as the source of central Ang II-induced O(2)(*-) production, and implicate this oxidase in cardiovascular diseases associated with dysregulation of brain Ang II signaling, including hypertension. Superoxides 115-123 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 100-106 15289284-14 2004 GEA 3162 and SIN-1 oxidised the O(2)(-)- and ONOO(-)-sensitive dye, dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR 123; 1 microm), suggesting that ONOO(-) released from these compounds is responsible for oxidation of DHR 123. Superoxides 32-39 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 13-18 15302679-6 2004 Superoxide dismutase (150 U ml(-1)) plus catalase (1200 U ml(-1)), used to remove superoxide and hence prevent peroxynitrite formation, prevented the inhibitory effect of SIN-1 (which generates superoxide) but not of MAHMA/NO or FK409. Superoxides 82-92 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 171-176 15317674-6 2004 The Cu/ZnSOD and extracellular SOD inhibitor diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) paradoxically enhanced contraction to 5-HT and superoxide more in aortas of WT mice than in MnSOD(+/-) mice. Superoxides 121-131 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 9-12 15302679-6 2004 Superoxide dismutase (150 U ml(-1)) plus catalase (1200 U ml(-1)), used to remove superoxide and hence prevent peroxynitrite formation, prevented the inhibitory effect of SIN-1 (which generates superoxide) but not of MAHMA/NO or FK409. Superoxides 194-204 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 171-176 15331536-3 2004 Only mitochondrial overexpression of catalase provided protection against menadione toxicity, a chemical agent that preferentially generates superoxide radicals intramitochondrially. Superoxides 141-151 catalase Rattus norvegicus 37-45 15331549-6 2004 As compared with nondiabetic specimens, diabetic specimens showed higher levels of both iNOS mRNA and protein levels (P < 0.001) associated with the highest tissue levels of nitrotyrosine and O(2)(-) (P < 0.001). Superoxides 195-199 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 88-92 15288122-1 2004 Mutations of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), a metalloenzyme catalyzing the conversion of superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), are linked to motor neuron degeneration. Superoxides 95-111 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 43-47 15750262-5 2004 Treatment with genistein also remarkably reduced the Ang II-induced superoxide by the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium, inhibited nitrotyrosine formation, and attenuated endothelin-1 production by ELISA via the stimulation of Ang II. Superoxides 68-78 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 53-59 15131591-2 2004 In cells possessing wild-type p53, TNF-alpha stimulated ceramide formation via the activation of both neutral and acid sphingomyelinases (SMases), accompanied by superoxide anion (O2-*) production, and induced mitochondrial depolarization and cytochrome c release, whereas p53-deficient cells were partially resistant to TNF-alpha and lacked O2-* generation and neutral SMase activation. Superoxides 162-178 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 35-44 15131591-2 2004 In cells possessing wild-type p53, TNF-alpha stimulated ceramide formation via the activation of both neutral and acid sphingomyelinases (SMases), accompanied by superoxide anion (O2-*) production, and induced mitochondrial depolarization and cytochrome c release, whereas p53-deficient cells were partially resistant to TNF-alpha and lacked O2-* generation and neutral SMase activation. Superoxides 180-182 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 35-44 15131591-3 2004 Restoration of functional p53 sensitized glioma cells expressing mutant p53 to TNF-alpha by accumulation of O2-*. Superoxides 108-110 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 26-29 15131591-3 2004 Restoration of functional p53 sensitized glioma cells expressing mutant p53 to TNF-alpha by accumulation of O2-*. Superoxides 108-110 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 72-75 15131591-3 2004 Restoration of functional p53 sensitized glioma cells expressing mutant p53 to TNF-alpha by accumulation of O2-*. Superoxides 108-110 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 79-88 15240745-6 2004 The generation of superoxide by both uPA-/- and uPAR-/- neutrophils was about half of that seen in WT neutrophils. Superoxides 18-28 plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor Mus musculus 48-52 15490413-3 2004 We recently have shown that oxidative stress in CRF animals is associated with and, in part, owing to up-regulation of superoxide-producing enzyme, nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)H) oxidase, and down-regulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 119-129 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 234-254 15490413-3 2004 We recently have shown that oxidative stress in CRF animals is associated with and, in part, owing to up-regulation of superoxide-producing enzyme, nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)H) oxidase, and down-regulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 119-129 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 256-259 15326075-5 2004 LPS, TNF-alpha, and IL-1alpha all stimulated the formation of O2*- and expression of gp91(phox) in both PAVSMCs and PAECs, an effect inhibited by NADPH oxidase inhibitors, diphenyleneiodonium, and apocynin. Superoxides 62-64 interleukin 1 alpha Sus scrofa 20-29 15326075-6 2004 SIN-1, NCX 4016, and NCX 4050 but not ASA alone inhibited the formation of O2*- and expression of gp91(phox). Superoxides 75-78 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 15307774-0 2004 A superoxide sensor based on a multilayer cytochrome c electrode. Superoxides 2-12 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 42-54 15307774-1 2004 A novel multilayer cytochrome c electrode for the quantification of superoxide radical concentrations is introduced. Superoxides 68-86 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 19-31 15317858-4 2004 PC12 pheochromocytoma cells expressing active Akt1 exhibit lower ROS levels in response to hydrogen peroxide, as determined with the superoxide-sensitive probe hydroethidine. Superoxides 133-143 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 46-50 15264228-8 2004 Notably, cytotoxicity by M239V-PS2 could be inhibited by the combination of two clinically usable inhibitors of superoxide-generating enzymes, apocynin and oxypurinol. Superoxides 112-122 presenilin 2 Homo sapiens 31-34 15181005-1 2004 gp91(phox) (Nox2), the catalytic subunit of the superoxide-generating respiratory burst oxidase, is regulated by subunits p47(phox) and p67(phox). Superoxides 48-58 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 136-139 15381825-0 2004 Endothelial protection from reperfusion injury by ischemic preconditioning and diazoxide involves a SOD-like anti-O2- mechanism. Superoxides 114-116 superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Cavia porcellus 100-103 15381825-8 2004 IPC, diazoxide, and SOD (150 IU/ml) attenuated O2- outflow, increased *OH outflow and protected endothelium. Superoxides 47-49 superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Cavia porcellus 20-23 15242550-0 2004 Superoxide-related signaling cascade mediates nuclear factor-kappaB activation in acute inflammation. Superoxides 0-10 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 46-67 15242550-2 2004 In this study, we used a selective nonpeptidyl superoxide dismutase mimetic, M40403, to investigate the role of superoxide anion in NF-kappaB activation during acute inflammation in mice. Superoxides 112-128 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 132-141 15260123-8 2004 In the GMF-null cells, concurrent with a decrease in CuZnSOD, the function of which is to convert superoxide to H2O2, there was an increase in the activity of the two enzymes that degrade H2O2: catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Superoxides 98-108 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 53-60 15460450-5 2004 SOD removes superoxide anions by converting them to H2O2, which can be rapidly converted to water by CAT and GPx. Superoxides 12-29 catalase Rattus norvegicus 101-104 15319070-2 2004 The major protector against superoxide anion in the cell cytosol is Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD). Superoxides 28-44 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 68-94 15319070-2 2004 The major protector against superoxide anion in the cell cytosol is Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD). Superoxides 28-44 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 96-105 15155776-6 2004 CP-stimulated O2- production is completely dependent on p38-MAPK activation, as determined by sensitivity to the p38-MAPK inhibitor SB203580. Superoxides 14-16 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 56-59 15155776-6 2004 CP-stimulated O2- production is completely dependent on p38-MAPK activation, as determined by sensitivity to the p38-MAPK inhibitor SB203580. Superoxides 14-16 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 60-64 15155776-6 2004 CP-stimulated O2- production is completely dependent on p38-MAPK activation, as determined by sensitivity to the p38-MAPK inhibitor SB203580. Superoxides 14-16 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 113-116 15155776-6 2004 CP-stimulated O2- production is completely dependent on p38-MAPK activation, as determined by sensitivity to the p38-MAPK inhibitor SB203580. Superoxides 14-16 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 117-121 15276407-1 2004 We evaluated in Mexican children environmentally exposed to arsenic and lead monocyte nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion production in response to direct activation with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) + lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Superoxides 108-124 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 174-190 15255947-4 2004 The potent cell-permeant superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetic manganese tetrakis (N-ethylpyridinium-2yl) porphyrin, MnTE-PyP, abolishes the deregulation-related increase in superoxide but has no effect on deregulation itself. Superoxides 25-35 catalase Rattus norvegicus 46-54 15255947-4 2004 The potent cell-permeant superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetic manganese tetrakis (N-ethylpyridinium-2yl) porphyrin, MnTE-PyP, abolishes the deregulation-related increase in superoxide but has no effect on deregulation itself. Superoxides 25-35 inorganic pyrophosphatase 1 Rattus norvegicus 122-125 15218160-3 2004 The goal of this study was to determine whether overexpression of CuZn-SOD protects against LPS-induced increases in superoxide and endothelial dysfunction. Superoxides 117-127 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 66-74 15218160-9 2004 LPS-induced increases in superoxide, as measured using lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence, were higher in vessels from non-Tg mice than from SOD-Tg mice. Superoxides 25-35 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 143-146 15276407-1 2004 We evaluated in Mexican children environmentally exposed to arsenic and lead monocyte nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion production in response to direct activation with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) + lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Superoxides 108-124 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 192-201 15166218-10 2004 The trapping of the superoxide radical by cytochrome c in the reaction of BH(4)(-) eNOS(ox) exhibited a limiting rate of approximately 15 s(-1), the time for the superoxide radical to leave the heme pocket and reach the protein surface; this reveals a general problem of the regular spin-trapping method in determining radical formation kinetics. Superoxides 20-38 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 42-54 15166218-10 2004 The trapping of the superoxide radical by cytochrome c in the reaction of BH(4)(-) eNOS(ox) exhibited a limiting rate of approximately 15 s(-1), the time for the superoxide radical to leave the heme pocket and reach the protein surface; this reveals a general problem of the regular spin-trapping method in determining radical formation kinetics. Superoxides 162-180 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 42-54 15280800-1 2004 EC-SOD catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radical to hydrogen peroxide and oxygen in the interstitial spaces of tissues and in extracellular fluids (plasma, lymph, and synovial fluid). Superoxides 36-54 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 0-6 15145937-11 2004 Resistance to death from superoxide therefore requires both PKC/PKD and ERK1/2 activation in order to down-regulate proapoptotic JNK/c-Jun signaling. Superoxides 25-35 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 60-63 15145937-11 2004 Resistance to death from superoxide therefore requires both PKC/PKD and ERK1/2 activation in order to down-regulate proapoptotic JNK/c-Jun signaling. Superoxides 25-35 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 72-78 15145937-11 2004 Resistance to death from superoxide therefore requires both PKC/PKD and ERK1/2 activation in order to down-regulate proapoptotic JNK/c-Jun signaling. Superoxides 25-35 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 129-132 15192025-0 2004 Hypertension caused by angiotensin II infusion involves increased superoxide production in the central nervous system. Superoxides 66-76 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 23-37 15192025-3 2004 We recently identified superoxide (O2*-) in the brain as a key signaling intermediate in the transient pressor response elicited by acute injection of Ang II directly into the CNS. Superoxides 23-33 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 151-157 15192025-3 2004 We recently identified superoxide (O2*-) in the brain as a key signaling intermediate in the transient pressor response elicited by acute injection of Ang II directly into the CNS. Superoxides 35-39 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 151-157 15192025-4 2004 Here we tested the hypothesis that hypertension caused by chronic systemic infusion of Ang II is mediated by a central neurogenic mechanism involving O2*-. Superoxides 150-154 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 87-93 15192025-5 2004 Infusion of Ang II (600 ng x kg(-1) x min(-1)) over a 2-week period in mice caused a gradually developing hypertension that was correlated with marked elevations in O2*- production specifically in the subfornical organ (SFO), a brain region lying outside the blood-brain barrier and known to be a primary sensor for blood-borne Ang II. Superoxides 165-168 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 12-18 15192025-7 2004 These data suggest that increased intracellular O2*- production in the SFO is critical in the development of Ang II-induced hypertension. Superoxides 48-51 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 109-115 15271863-1 2004 On the predominance of cerebral superoxide formation for angiotensin II-induced systemic hypertension. Superoxides 32-42 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 57-71 15131110-10 2004 However, both full-length and truncated NCB5OR produce superoxide from oxygen with slow turnover rates: kcat = approximately 0.05 and approximately 1 s(-1), respectively. Superoxides 55-65 cytochrome b5 reductase 4 Homo sapiens 40-46 15257082-7 2004 In vitro experiments done in parallel showed that long-term culture with interferon-gamma resulted in similar alterations of PMN: loss of chemotactic activity, whereas other functions of PMN, such generation of superoxides and phagocytosis of opsonized bacteria, were preserved or even enhanced. Superoxides 211-222 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 73-89 15131110-12 2004 Taken together, these data suggest that endogenous NCB5OR is a soluble NAD(P)H reductase preferentially reducing substrate(s) rather than transferring electrons to molecular oxygen and therefore not an NAD(P)H oxidase for superoxide production. Superoxides 222-232 cytochrome b5 reductase 4 Homo sapiens 51-57 15193957-4 2004 After preincubation with high micromolar concentrations of CP55 940, fMLP-stimulated PMN showed a reduction in superoxide production, whereas the spontaneous burst activity of resting PMN remained unaffected. Superoxides 111-121 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 69-73 15240796-6 2004 The Abeta-mediated inhibition of LTP induction also was prevented by the superoxide scavenger superoxide dismutase applied together with catalase. Superoxides 73-83 histocompatibility 2, class II antigen A, beta 1 Mus musculus 4-9 15240796-7 2004 Evidence for involvement of superoxide in the action of Abeta on LTP induction was shown by the ability of an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase to prevent the Abeta-mediated inhibition of LTP induction. Superoxides 28-38 histocompatibility 2, class II antigen A, beta 1 Mus musculus 56-61 15240796-7 2004 Evidence for involvement of superoxide in the action of Abeta on LTP induction was shown by the ability of an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase to prevent the Abeta-mediated inhibition of LTP induction. Superoxides 28-38 histocompatibility 2, class II antigen A, beta 1 Mus musculus 152-157 15240796-8 2004 The study thus provides evidence that the Abeta-mediated inhibition of LTP induction involves an inflammatory-type reaction in which activation of microglia results in the production of nitric oxide and superoxide and thence possibly peroxynitrite, a highly reactive oxidant. Superoxides 203-213 histocompatibility 2, class II antigen A, beta 1 Mus musculus 42-47 14988070-3 2004 We tested the hypothesis that chronic in vivo estrogen treatment or superoxide inhibition with the SOD mimetic EUK-8 improves cardiac functional recovery after I/R in the aged female rat. Superoxides 68-78 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 99-102 15020294-7 2004 This increase in superoxide levels could be blocked by the exogenous addition of Cu/Zn SOD (150 U/ml) or by apocynin (30 microM, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase) but was not affected by gp91(phox) knockout mice. Superoxides 17-27 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 81-90 15186954-4 2004 The superoxide-production activity in neutrophils was determined by cytochrome c reduction assay. Superoxides 4-14 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 68-80 15281495-3 2004 Thus, we hypothesized that exposure of plasma to the OONO- generated with 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), a molecule that produces both nitric oxide and superoxide, would result in a decrease in hemostatic function via diminished coagulation protein activity. Superoxides 154-164 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 99-104 15256709-3 2004 Among them, oleanolic acid (18) showed a significant inhibition effect on superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils in response to formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP). Superoxides 74-90 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 183-187 15202767-1 2004 Dopamine (50 or 100 microM) attenuated the nuclear damage and cell death due to 500 microM SIN-1, a donor of superoxide and nitric oxide, in differentiated PC12 cells whereas 200 microM dopamine did not depress cell death. Superoxides 109-119 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 91-96 15240547-3 2004 We have recently demonstrated that inhibition of NQO(1) with dicumarol increases intracellular O(2)(.-) production and inhibits the in vitro malignant phenotype of pancreatic cancer cells (J. Cullen et al., Cancer Res., 63: 5513-5520, 2003). Superoxides 95-99 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 49-55 15239103-3 2004 The therapeutic efficacy of EC-SOD gene delivery by polycationic liposomes was determined against the toxicity of superoxide anions and hydroxyethyl radicals in HepG2 cells and in a mouse model of acute liver injury caused by D-galactosamine and lipopolysaccharide intoxication. Superoxides 114-131 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 28-34 15270576-3 2004 Compound 2 showed significantly selective inhibition on superoxide anion generation from human neutrophils stimulated by fMLP/CB with an IC(50) value of 10.0 microg/mL. Superoxides 56-72 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 121-125 15349134-4 2004 Stobadine dose-dependently decreased superoxide generation and myeloperoxidase release after receptor-specific stimuli, with the highest effect on fMLP stimulation of superoxide generation and on opsonized zymosan stimulation of myeloperoxidase release. Superoxides 167-177 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 147-151 15245865-5 2004 On the other hand, PP strongly reduces the superoxide production by the NADPH oxidase complex after either PMA or fMLP activation of granulocytes. Superoxides 43-53 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 114-118 15170212-0 2004 Localization of Rac2 via the C terminus and aspartic acid 150 specifies superoxide generation, actin polarity and chemotaxis in neutrophils. Superoxides 72-82 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 16-20 15170212-4 2004 Thus, we have defined specific sequences in Rac that specify subcellular localization and determine the specificity of Rac2 in neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide generation. Superoxides 153-163 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 119-123 15208394-2 2004 Here, we show that the Arabidopsis mutant radical-induced cell death1 (rcd1), although hypersensitive to apoplastic superoxide and ozone, is more resistant to chloroplastic superoxide formation, exhibits reduced sensitivity to abscisic acid, ethylene, and methyl jasmonate, and has altered expression of several hormonally regulated genes. Superoxides 116-126 WWE protein-protein interaction domain protein family Arabidopsis thaliana 71-75 15208394-2 2004 Here, we show that the Arabidopsis mutant radical-induced cell death1 (rcd1), although hypersensitive to apoplastic superoxide and ozone, is more resistant to chloroplastic superoxide formation, exhibits reduced sensitivity to abscisic acid, ethylene, and methyl jasmonate, and has altered expression of several hormonally regulated genes. Superoxides 173-183 WWE protein-protein interaction domain protein family Arabidopsis thaliana 71-75 15260807-6 2004 Total antioxidant capacity was determined via wound fluid inhibition of cytochrome C reduction by a superoxide radical flux. Superoxides 100-118 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 72-84 15102856-4 2004 Using this assay, together with in vitro kinase assays and immunochemical studies, we report that p38 MAPK plays a critical role in TNFalpha priming of the human and porcine NADPH oxidase for superoxide production in response to complement-opsonized zymosan (OpZ), but little, if any, role in neutrophil priming by platelet-activating factor (PAF) for OpZ-dependent responses. Superoxides 192-202 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 98-101 15102856-4 2004 Using this assay, together with in vitro kinase assays and immunochemical studies, we report that p38 MAPK plays a critical role in TNFalpha priming of the human and porcine NADPH oxidase for superoxide production in response to complement-opsonized zymosan (OpZ), but little, if any, role in neutrophil priming by platelet-activating factor (PAF) for OpZ-dependent responses. Superoxides 192-202 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 132-140 15102862-3 2004 In this report, we show that doxycycline increased superoxide generation and subsequently activated NF-kappaB, which in turn up-regulated p53 expression and increased the stability and DNA binding activity of p53. Superoxides 51-61 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 138-141 15102862-3 2004 In this report, we show that doxycycline increased superoxide generation and subsequently activated NF-kappaB, which in turn up-regulated p53 expression and increased the stability and DNA binding activity of p53. Superoxides 51-61 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 209-212 15102862-7 2004 Our results demonstrate that NF-kappaB plays an essential role in activation of wild-type p53 tumor suppressor to initiate proapoptotic signaling in response to overgeneration of superoxide. Superoxides 179-189 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 29-38 15102862-7 2004 Our results demonstrate that NF-kappaB plays an essential role in activation of wild-type p53 tumor suppressor to initiate proapoptotic signaling in response to overgeneration of superoxide. Superoxides 179-189 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 90-93 15215539-5 2004 A recent paper describes the presence of an inactive pool of SOD1 whose activation is wholly reliant on the presence of superoxide or oxygen and a specific copper-containing chaperone. Superoxides 120-130 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 15093220-0 2004 Third-generation superoxide anion sensor based on superoxide dismutase directly immobilized by sol-gel thin film on gold electrode. Superoxides 17-33 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 50-70 15093220-1 2004 A third-generation biosensor for superoxide anion (O(2)*-) was developed based on superoxide dismutase (SOD) immobilized by thin silica-PVA sol-gel film on gold electrode surface. Superoxides 33-49 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 82-102 15093220-1 2004 A third-generation biosensor for superoxide anion (O(2)*-) was developed based on superoxide dismutase (SOD) immobilized by thin silica-PVA sol-gel film on gold electrode surface. Superoxides 33-49 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 104-107 15093220-1 2004 A third-generation biosensor for superoxide anion (O(2)*-) was developed based on superoxide dismutase (SOD) immobilized by thin silica-PVA sol-gel film on gold electrode surface. Superoxides 51-58 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 82-102 15093220-1 2004 A third-generation biosensor for superoxide anion (O(2)*-) was developed based on superoxide dismutase (SOD) immobilized by thin silica-PVA sol-gel film on gold electrode surface. Superoxides 51-58 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 104-107 15093220-6 2004 Based on biomolecular recognition for specific reactivity of SOD toward O(2)*- the SOD electrode was applied to a sensitive and selective measurement of O(2)*- with the low operation potential (-0.15 V versus SCE) in phosphate buffer solution, pH 7.0. Superoxides 72-76 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 61-64 15093220-6 2004 Based on biomolecular recognition for specific reactivity of SOD toward O(2)*- the SOD electrode was applied to a sensitive and selective measurement of O(2)*- with the low operation potential (-0.15 V versus SCE) in phosphate buffer solution, pH 7.0. Superoxides 72-76 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 83-86 15234536-8 2004 PRL-treated monocyte-derived macrophages showed also an enhanced release of superoxide anion (O2-) release. Superoxides 76-92 prolactin Homo sapiens 0-3 15234536-8 2004 PRL-treated monocyte-derived macrophages showed also an enhanced release of superoxide anion (O2-) release. Superoxides 94-96 prolactin Homo sapiens 0-3 15070892-4 2004 In wt CA, 30 min of hypoxia (1% O(2)) followed by reoxygenation (16% O(2)) resulted in further coronary vasoconstriction (internal diameter from 105 +/- 11 to 84.5 +/- 17.9 microm), whereas this response was completely blocked in both CuZn-SOD Tg and gp91(phox) knock-out CA (104.3 +/- 10.5 to 120.7 +/- 14 microm and 143.3 +/- 15.3 to 172.7 +/- 12.5 microm, respectively, p < 0.01). Superoxides 32-37 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 235-243 15070892-4 2004 In wt CA, 30 min of hypoxia (1% O(2)) followed by reoxygenation (16% O(2)) resulted in further coronary vasoconstriction (internal diameter from 105 +/- 11 to 84.5 +/- 17.9 microm), whereas this response was completely blocked in both CuZn-SOD Tg and gp91(phox) knock-out CA (104.3 +/- 10.5 to 120.7 +/- 14 microm and 143.3 +/- 15.3 to 172.7 +/- 12.5 microm, respectively, p < 0.01). Superoxides 32-36 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 235-243 15247047-1 2004 One of the most important antioxidant enzymes is superoxide dismutase (SOD), which catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radicals to peroxide. Superoxides 49-59 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 71-74 15450858-2 2004 In this study, the effects of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and polyclonal tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) antibodies on DCA- and TCA-induced SA production and cellular death have been tested on the J774.A1 macrophage cultures. Superoxides 147-149 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 52-55 15450858-2 2004 In this study, the effects of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and polyclonal tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) antibodies on DCA- and TCA-induced SA production and cellular death have been tested on the J774.A1 macrophage cultures. Superoxides 147-149 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 101-110 15450858-6 2004 On the other hand, addition of TNF-alpha antibodies to the DCA- and TCA-treated cultures resulted in significant reduction of DCA- but not TCA-induced cellular death and SA production by the cells. Superoxides 170-172 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 31-40 15185295-9 2004 Administration of N-acetyl L-cysteine or a chimeric superoxide dismutase (SOD)-SOD2/3, a genetically engineered SOD-abrogated ALT release in H/R-perfused PP zones, implicating a role for superoxide (O(2) (-)). Superoxides 52-62 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 74-77 15185295-9 2004 Administration of N-acetyl L-cysteine or a chimeric superoxide dismutase (SOD)-SOD2/3, a genetically engineered SOD-abrogated ALT release in H/R-perfused PP zones, implicating a role for superoxide (O(2) (-)). Superoxides 52-62 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 79-85 15185295-9 2004 Administration of N-acetyl L-cysteine or a chimeric superoxide dismutase (SOD)-SOD2/3, a genetically engineered SOD-abrogated ALT release in H/R-perfused PP zones, implicating a role for superoxide (O(2) (-)). Superoxides 52-62 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 79-82 15185295-9 2004 Administration of N-acetyl L-cysteine or a chimeric superoxide dismutase (SOD)-SOD2/3, a genetically engineered SOD-abrogated ALT release in H/R-perfused PP zones, implicating a role for superoxide (O(2) (-)). Superoxides 199-203 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 74-77 15185295-9 2004 Administration of N-acetyl L-cysteine or a chimeric superoxide dismutase (SOD)-SOD2/3, a genetically engineered SOD-abrogated ALT release in H/R-perfused PP zones, implicating a role for superoxide (O(2) (-)). Superoxides 199-203 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 79-85 15185295-9 2004 Administration of N-acetyl L-cysteine or a chimeric superoxide dismutase (SOD)-SOD2/3, a genetically engineered SOD-abrogated ALT release in H/R-perfused PP zones, implicating a role for superoxide (O(2) (-)). Superoxides 199-203 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 79-82 15147563-2 2004 Here we show that triggering of the formyl peptide receptor (FPR) with f-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLF) substantially reduced the neutrophil superoxide production induced by activation of the CXC receptors with IL-8. Superoxides 129-139 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 36-59 15147563-2 2004 Here we show that triggering of the formyl peptide receptor (FPR) with f-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLF) substantially reduced the neutrophil superoxide production induced by activation of the CXC receptors with IL-8. Superoxides 129-139 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 61-64 15147563-2 2004 Here we show that triggering of the formyl peptide receptor (FPR) with f-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLF) substantially reduced the neutrophil superoxide production induced by activation of the CXC receptors with IL-8. Superoxides 129-139 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 199-203 15153794-10 2004 Furthermore, cockroach-induced superoxide production from eosinophils was significantly inhibited by the pretreatment of cells with a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB202190. Superoxides 31-41 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 134-137 15125794-2 2004 Physical shockwave treatment increased osteogenic activity of HUCB mesenchymal progenitor cells through superoxide-mediated TGF-beta1 induction. Superoxides 104-114 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 124-133 15125794-15 2004 Superoxide scavenging by superoxide dismutase blocked SW enhancement of TGF-beta1 production and formation of CFU-Stroma. Superoxides 0-10 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 72-81 15125794-18 2004 An optimal physical SW treatment enhanced osteogenesis through superoxide-mediated TGF-beta1 production. Superoxides 63-73 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 83-92 15247047-8 2004 We call it the "alternative pathway" mechanism, because it depends on superoxide radicals having alternative pathways besides their reaction with SOD. Superoxides 70-80 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 146-149 15163543-14 2004 Although without supportive data, superoxide production induced by arsenic exposure can theoretically impair insulin secretion by interaction with uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), and oxidative stress can also cause amyloid formation in the pancreas, which could progressively destroy the insulin-secreting beta cells. Superoxides 34-44 insulin Homo sapiens 109-116 15110391-0 2004 p38 MAPK associated with stereoselective priming by grepafloxacin on O2- production in neutrophils. Superoxides 69-71 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 0-3 15110391-6 2004 Grepafloxacin-induced primed superoxide generation was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with PD169316 and SB203580, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors, but not with PD98059, a specific inhibitor of the upstream kinase that activates p44/42 MAPK, or SP600125, an inhibitor of stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Superoxides 29-39 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 123-126 15110391-6 2004 Grepafloxacin-induced primed superoxide generation was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with PD169316 and SB203580, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors, but not with PD98059, a specific inhibitor of the upstream kinase that activates p44/42 MAPK, or SP600125, an inhibitor of stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Superoxides 29-39 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 359-362 14970220-1 2004 Phagocytosis is accompanied by the production of superoxide by the NADPH oxidase complex, for which GTP-bound Rac is essential. Superoxides 49-59 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 110-113 14970220-9 2004 Taken together, these results suggest that Rho plays an important role in superoxide formation during phagocytosis of SOZ, COZ, and IOZ via phosphorylation of p47(PHOX). Superoxides 74-84 NSFL1 (p97) cofactor (p47) Mus musculus 159-162 14985908-2 2004 An in-vitro superoxide anion generation xanthine/xanthine oxidase stable source was established on line with FIA/CL-detection apparatus, for measuring SOD activity. Superoxides 12-28 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 151-154 15167450-10 2004 In-vitro incubation of platelets with angiotensin II elicited a significant increase in O2 (P < 0.001) that was dose-dependently inhibited by irbesartan and diphenylene iodonium, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 88-90 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 38-52 15075214-3 2004 We tested the hypothesis that, after a demanding isometric contraction protocol, the major source of superoxide and hydroxyl radical activity in the extracellular space of muscles is mitochondrial generation of superoxide anions and that, with a reduction in MnSOD activity, concentration of superoxide anions in the extracellular space is unchanged but concentration of hydroxyl radicals is decreased. Superoxides 101-111 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 259-264 15075214-5 2004 A 15-min protocol of 180 isometric contractions induced a rapid, equivalent increase in reduction of cytochrome c as an index of superoxide anion concentrations in the extracellular space of Sod2(+/+) and Sod2(+/-) mice, whereas hydroxyl radical activity measured by formation of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoate from salicylate increased only in the extracellular space of muscles of Sod2(+/+) mice. Superoxides 129-145 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 191-195 15105207-4 2004 OONO(-) was generated with 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), a molecule that produces both nitric oxide and superoxide. Superoxides 107-117 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 52-57 15134512-7 2004 ROS (e.g., superoxide, peroxynitrite, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide) are all potential reactants capable of initiating DNA single strand breakage, with subsequent activation of the nuclear enzyme poly (ADP ribose) synthetase (PARS), leading to eventual severe energy depletion of the cells, and necrotic-type cell death. Superoxides 11-21 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 205-233 15111505-3 2004 Insulin treatment significantly increased intracellular superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) production, an effect completely abolished by Tiron, a cell-permeable superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic and by polyethylene glycol (PEG)-SOD, but not by PEG catalase. Superoxides 56-72 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 15111505-4 2004 Furthermore, insulin-induced O(2)(-) production was attenuated by the NAD(P)H inhibitor apocynin, but not by rotenone or oxypurinol. Superoxides 29-36 insulin Homo sapiens 13-20 15111505-5 2004 Inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3"-kinase (PI 3"-kinase) pathway with LY294002 blocked insulin-stimulated O(2)(-) production, suggesting a direct involvement of PI 3"-kinase in the activation of NAD(P)H oxidase. Superoxides 113-120 insulin Homo sapiens 94-101 15111505-7 2004 In conclusion, these findings provided direct evidence that elevated insulin levels generate O(2)(-) by an NAD(P)H-dependent mechanism that involves the activation of PI 3"-kinase and stimulates ERK-1- and ERK-2-dependent pathways. Superoxides 93-100 insulin Homo sapiens 69-76 15111505-7 2004 In conclusion, these findings provided direct evidence that elevated insulin levels generate O(2)(-) by an NAD(P)H-dependent mechanism that involves the activation of PI 3"-kinase and stimulates ERK-1- and ERK-2-dependent pathways. Superoxides 93-100 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 195-200 15111505-7 2004 In conclusion, these findings provided direct evidence that elevated insulin levels generate O(2)(-) by an NAD(P)H-dependent mechanism that involves the activation of PI 3"-kinase and stimulates ERK-1- and ERK-2-dependent pathways. Superoxides 93-100 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 206-211 15082065-4 2004 Superoxide anion was produced by incubating cells with xanthine and xanthine oxidase plus catalase, singlet oxygen was generated with rose Bengal and luminic stimuli, and hydrogen peroxide was induced with the glucose and glucose oxidase. Superoxides 0-16 catalase Homo sapiens 90-98 15102952-0 2004 NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1: role as a superoxide scavenger. Superoxides 44-54 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 0-32 15259513-3 2004 Extracellular superoxide production was measured by the cytochrome c reduction assay. Superoxides 14-24 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 56-68 15293551-4 2004 Catalase, SOD and bathocuproine, a chelator of Cu(I), inhibited the DNA damage, suggesting the involvement of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and Cu(I). Superoxides 129-139 catalase Homo sapiens 0-8 15102952-2 2004 The rate of auto-oxidation of fully reduced NQO1 was markedly accelerated in the presence of superoxide (O(2)(*)(-)), whereas the addition of superoxide dismutase greatly inhibited the rate of auto-oxidation. Superoxides 93-103 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 15116368-1 2004 The G93A transgenic mouse has a mutation in copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) that results in oxidative stress and motor neuron loss. Superoxides 56-66 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 78-85 15006901-6 2004 Adhesion of neutrophils to ACLB caused a size-dependent generation and release of O(2)(-) and also potentiated TNF alpha-induced O(2)(-) release. Superoxides 129-133 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 111-120 15100319-2 2004 Although signaling through pathways involving phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K) and the downstream kinase Akt (protein kinase B) plays a central role in modulating neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide generation in response to engagement of G protein-coupled receptors, the importance of these kinases in affecting inflammatory responses of neutrophils stimulated through TLR2 has not been examined. Superoxides 190-200 phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 Homo sapiens 46-71 15100319-2 2004 Although signaling through pathways involving phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K) and the downstream kinase Akt (protein kinase B) plays a central role in modulating neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide generation in response to engagement of G protein-coupled receptors, the importance of these kinases in affecting inflammatory responses of neutrophils stimulated through TLR2 has not been examined. Superoxides 190-200 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 106-109 15100319-2 2004 Although signaling through pathways involving phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K) and the downstream kinase Akt (protein kinase B) plays a central role in modulating neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide generation in response to engagement of G protein-coupled receptors, the importance of these kinases in affecting inflammatory responses of neutrophils stimulated through TLR2 has not been examined. Superoxides 190-200 toll like receptor 2 Homo sapiens 372-376 15675181-7 2004 Superoxide generation after 24-h serum stimulation was less in the iNOS KO cells compared with WT cells. Superoxides 0-10 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 67-71 15064408-4 2004 Activity assays with pure proteins and cell extracts reveal that O(2) (or superoxide) is required for activation of SOD1 by CCS. Superoxides 74-84 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 116-120 14726515-11 2004 Finally it was found that AtXDH1 is a strict dehydrogenase and not an oxidase, but is able to produce superoxide radicals indicating that besides purine catabolism it might also be involved in response to various stresses that require reactive oxygen species. Superoxides 102-121 xanthine dehydrogenase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 26-32 14736885-2 2004 EC-SOD participates in the detoxification of reactive oxygen species by catalyzing the dismutation of superoxide radicals. Superoxides 102-112 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 0-6 14736885-3 2004 The tissue distribution of the enzyme is particularly important because of the reactive nature of its substrate, and it is likely essential that EC-SOD is positioned at the site of superoxide production to prevent adventitious oxidation. Superoxides 181-191 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 145-151 15036821-0 2004 p22phox-derived superoxide mediates enhanced proliferative capacity of diabetic vascular smooth muscle cells. Superoxides 16-26 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Rattus norvegicus 0-7 15068654-9 2004 Furthermore, racial comparisons indicated that African American adolescents (n = 16), as compared with Caucasian adolescents (n = 128), had significantly higher responses in PMN superoxide release to N-Formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP) activation during mid-semester and lymphocyte proliferative responses at both time points. Superoxides 178-188 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 200-220 15068654-9 2004 Furthermore, racial comparisons indicated that African American adolescents (n = 16), as compared with Caucasian adolescents (n = 128), had significantly higher responses in PMN superoxide release to N-Formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP) activation during mid-semester and lymphocyte proliferative responses at both time points. Superoxides 178-188 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 222-226 15036821-5 2004 Furthermore, inhibition of p22phox expression by transfection of antisense p22phox oligonucleotides into diabetic VSMC resulted in a decrease in superoxide generation, which was accompanied by a significant attenuation of cell proliferation. Superoxides 145-155 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Rattus norvegicus 27-34 15036821-5 2004 Furthermore, inhibition of p22phox expression by transfection of antisense p22phox oligonucleotides into diabetic VSMC resulted in a decrease in superoxide generation, which was accompanied by a significant attenuation of cell proliferation. Superoxides 145-155 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Rattus norvegicus 75-82 15034941-8 2004 In contrast, paraquat-mediated superoxide stress in fibroblasts promoted aggregation of endogenous SOD1, but not mutant SOD1. Superoxides 31-41 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 99-103 15126922-4 2004 METHODS AND RESULTS: Chronic infusion of Ang II (200 ng/kg per min for 12 days) increased the aortic and cardiac tissue production of superoxide anion (O2) (lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence method) by 77 and 35%, respectively. Superoxides 134-150 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 41-47 15126922-4 2004 METHODS AND RESULTS: Chronic infusion of Ang II (200 ng/kg per min for 12 days) increased the aortic and cardiac tissue production of superoxide anion (O2) (lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence method) by 77 and 35%, respectively. Superoxides 152-154 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 41-47 15126922-7 2004 However, concurrent treatment with ASA in Ang II-infused rats completely prevented the Ang II-induced production of O2, in addition to hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. Superoxides 116-118 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 42-48 15126922-7 2004 However, concurrent treatment with ASA in Ang II-infused rats completely prevented the Ang II-induced production of O2, in addition to hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy. Superoxides 116-118 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 87-93 15126922-8 2004 Similar protective effects were observed in cultured aortic smooth muscle cells, in which increases in O2 production and [H]leucine incorporation (221 and 38%, respectively) induced by Ang II (10 mol/l) were totally prevented by concurrent incubation with ASA (10 mol/l). Superoxides 103-105 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 185-191 15086456-3 2004 On the other hand, high glucose-induced mitochondrial overproduction of superoxide anion was found to activate PKC. Superoxides 72-88 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 111-114 14993144-0 2004 Opposing roles of p47phox in basal versus angiotensin II-stimulated alterations in vascular O2- production, vascular tone, and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Superoxides 92-94 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 42-56 14993144-1 2004 BACKGROUND: NADPH oxidase is a major source of vascular superoxide (O2-) production and is implicated in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced oxidant stress. Superoxides 56-66 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 105-119 14993144-1 2004 BACKGROUND: NADPH oxidase is a major source of vascular superoxide (O2-) production and is implicated in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced oxidant stress. Superoxides 56-66 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 121-127 14993144-1 2004 BACKGROUND: NADPH oxidase is a major source of vascular superoxide (O2-) production and is implicated in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced oxidant stress. Superoxides 68-70 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 105-119 14993144-1 2004 BACKGROUND: NADPH oxidase is a major source of vascular superoxide (O2-) production and is implicated in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced oxidant stress. Superoxides 68-70 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 121-127 14993144-5 2004 In WT aortae, Ang II increased NADPH-dependent O2- production (2.5+/-0.5-fold; P<0.05), impaired relaxation to acetylcholine (maximum 60+/-6% versus 80+/-3%; P<0.05), and increased ERK1/2, p38MAPK, and JNK phosphorylation (P<0.05). Superoxides 47-49 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 14-20 15013818-7 2004 A well established candidate for activation would be oxidative stress, however we could exclude that oxidation mediated by cytochrome P450 2E1 (or flavine monooxygenase) was responsible for activation under a defined set of experimental conditions since superoxide or hydrogen peroxide alone did not activate the enzyme (in microsomes prepared by our routine procedure). Superoxides 254-264 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 123-142 14681237-0 2004 Ras induction of superoxide activates ERK-dependent angiogenic transcription factor HIF-1alpha and VEGF-A expression in shock wave-stimulated osteoblasts. Superoxides 17-27 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 38-41 14681237-0 2004 Ras induction of superoxide activates ERK-dependent angiogenic transcription factor HIF-1alpha and VEGF-A expression in shock wave-stimulated osteoblasts. Superoxides 17-27 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 84-94 14681237-0 2004 Ras induction of superoxide activates ERK-dependent angiogenic transcription factor HIF-1alpha and VEGF-A expression in shock wave-stimulated osteoblasts. Superoxides 17-27 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 99-105 14681237-5 2004 Here, we found that SW elevation of VEGF-A expression in human osteoblasts to be mediated by Ras-induced superoxide and ERK-dependent HIF-1alpha activation. Superoxides 105-115 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 36-42 14681237-7 2004 Inhibition of superoxide production by diphenyliodonium, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor, was found to suppress VEGF-A expression. Superoxides 14-24 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 107-113 14681237-9 2004 Further studies demonstrated that SW significantly promoted ERK activation in 1 h and HIF-1alpha phosphorylation and HIF-1alpha binding to VEGF promoter in 3 h. In support of the observation that superoxide mediated the SW-induced ERK activation and HIF-1alpha transactivation, we further demonstrated that scavenging of superoxide by superoxide dismutase and inhibition of ERK activity by PD98059 decreased HIF-1alpha activation and VEGF-A levels. Superoxides 196-206 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 86-96 14681237-9 2004 Further studies demonstrated that SW significantly promoted ERK activation in 1 h and HIF-1alpha phosphorylation and HIF-1alpha binding to VEGF promoter in 3 h. In support of the observation that superoxide mediated the SW-induced ERK activation and HIF-1alpha transactivation, we further demonstrated that scavenging of superoxide by superoxide dismutase and inhibition of ERK activity by PD98059 decreased HIF-1alpha activation and VEGF-A levels. Superoxides 196-206 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 117-127 14681237-9 2004 Further studies demonstrated that SW significantly promoted ERK activation in 1 h and HIF-1alpha phosphorylation and HIF-1alpha binding to VEGF promoter in 3 h. In support of the observation that superoxide mediated the SW-induced ERK activation and HIF-1alpha transactivation, we further demonstrated that scavenging of superoxide by superoxide dismutase and inhibition of ERK activity by PD98059 decreased HIF-1alpha activation and VEGF-A levels. Superoxides 196-206 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 139-143 14681237-9 2004 Further studies demonstrated that SW significantly promoted ERK activation in 1 h and HIF-1alpha phosphorylation and HIF-1alpha binding to VEGF promoter in 3 h. In support of the observation that superoxide mediated the SW-induced ERK activation and HIF-1alpha transactivation, we further demonstrated that scavenging of superoxide by superoxide dismutase and inhibition of ERK activity by PD98059 decreased HIF-1alpha activation and VEGF-A levels. Superoxides 196-206 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 231-234 14681237-9 2004 Further studies demonstrated that SW significantly promoted ERK activation in 1 h and HIF-1alpha phosphorylation and HIF-1alpha binding to VEGF promoter in 3 h. In support of the observation that superoxide mediated the SW-induced ERK activation and HIF-1alpha transactivation, we further demonstrated that scavenging of superoxide by superoxide dismutase and inhibition of ERK activity by PD98059 decreased HIF-1alpha activation and VEGF-A levels. Superoxides 196-206 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 117-127 14681237-9 2004 Further studies demonstrated that SW significantly promoted ERK activation in 1 h and HIF-1alpha phosphorylation and HIF-1alpha binding to VEGF promoter in 3 h. In support of the observation that superoxide mediated the SW-induced ERK activation and HIF-1alpha transactivation, we further demonstrated that scavenging of superoxide by superoxide dismutase and inhibition of ERK activity by PD98059 decreased HIF-1alpha activation and VEGF-A levels. Superoxides 196-206 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 231-234 14681237-9 2004 Further studies demonstrated that SW significantly promoted ERK activation in 1 h and HIF-1alpha phosphorylation and HIF-1alpha binding to VEGF promoter in 3 h. In support of the observation that superoxide mediated the SW-induced ERK activation and HIF-1alpha transactivation, we further demonstrated that scavenging of superoxide by superoxide dismutase and inhibition of ERK activity by PD98059 decreased HIF-1alpha activation and VEGF-A levels. Superoxides 196-206 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 117-127 14681237-9 2004 Further studies demonstrated that SW significantly promoted ERK activation in 1 h and HIF-1alpha phosphorylation and HIF-1alpha binding to VEGF promoter in 3 h. In support of the observation that superoxide mediated the SW-induced ERK activation and HIF-1alpha transactivation, we further demonstrated that scavenging of superoxide by superoxide dismutase and inhibition of ERK activity by PD98059 decreased HIF-1alpha activation and VEGF-A levels. Superoxides 196-206 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 434-440 14699015-6 2004 Treatment of C57BL/6J mice with IL-6 for 18 days increased vascular AT1 receptor expression (real-time RT-PCR) and angiotensin II-induced vasoconstriction, enhanced vascular superoxide production (L-012 chemiluminescence, DHE fluorescence), and impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. Superoxides 174-184 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 32-36 14980716-4 2004 Neutrophil function analysis revealed that MPO activity was significantly diminished with slightly elevated superoxide production. Superoxides 108-118 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 43-46 14576080-0 2004 Superoxide, H2O2, and iron are required for TNF-alpha-induced MCP-1 gene expression in endothelial cells: role of Rac1 and NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 0-10 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 44-53 14576080-3 2004 Adenovirus-mediated expression of superoxide dismutase and catalase inhibited TNF-alpha-induced MCP-1 gene expression, suggesting important roles of superoxide (O(2)(-).) Superoxides 34-44 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 78-87 14576080-3 2004 Adenovirus-mediated expression of superoxide dismutase and catalase inhibited TNF-alpha-induced MCP-1 gene expression, suggesting important roles of superoxide (O(2)(-).) Superoxides 161-165 catalase Mus musculus 59-67 14576080-3 2004 Adenovirus-mediated expression of superoxide dismutase and catalase inhibited TNF-alpha-induced MCP-1 gene expression, suggesting important roles of superoxide (O(2)(-).) Superoxides 161-165 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 78-87 14576080-13 2004 These data suggest that ROS such as superoxide and H(2)O(2) derived from Rac1-activated NADPH oxidase mediate TNF-alpha-induced MCP-1 expression in endothelial cells. Superoxides 36-46 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 110-119 14984722-2 2004 The present study systematically investigated the effect of angiotensin II (AT(1))- receptor blockade on vascular superoxide (O(2)(-)) production and endothelial dysfunction. Superoxides 114-124 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 60-92 14707037-5 2004 Compared with ApoE-KO controls, transgenic mice (ApoE-KO/GCH-Tg) had higher aortic BH4 levels, reduced endothelial superoxide production and eNOS uncoupling, increased cGMP levels, and preserved NO-mediated endothelium dependent vasorelaxations. Superoxides 115-125 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 49-53 15032648-7 2004 Experimental evidences suggest that (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)), the natural and essential cofactor of NO synthases (NOS), plays a crucial role not only in increasing the rate of NO generation by NOS but also in controlling the formation of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) in the endothelial cells. Superoxides 254-270 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 116-128 15032648-7 2004 Experimental evidences suggest that (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)), the natural and essential cofactor of NO synthases (NOS), plays a crucial role not only in increasing the rate of NO generation by NOS but also in controlling the formation of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) in the endothelial cells. Superoxides 272-276 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 116-128 15032648-8 2004 Under insulin-resistant conditions where BH(4) levels are suboptimal, in addition to a reduced synthesis of NO, an accelerated inactivation of NO by O(2)(-) within the vascular wall was observed. Superoxides 149-153 insulin Homo sapiens 6-13 14984722-2 2004 The present study systematically investigated the effect of angiotensin II (AT(1))- receptor blockade on vascular superoxide (O(2)(-)) production and endothelial dysfunction. Superoxides 126-130 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 60-92 15129734-3 2004 The results indicate that the L-012-derived chemiluminescence induced by superoxide from hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase (HX/XO) or by 3-morpholino sydnonimine (SIN-1)-derived peroxynitrite largely depends on the incubation time. Superoxides 73-83 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 159-164 14988262-8 2004 Evidence of increased NO responsiveness and the suppression of glomerular nitrotyrosine may both reflect reduced NO-superoxide interaction in SOD-Tg-db/db mice. Superoxides 116-126 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 142-145 14988266-6 2004 In addition, an antioxidant and inhibitors of mitochondrial superoxide, NADPH oxidase, and glucose metabolism to glucosamine also blocked high glucose-induced COX-2 expression to varying degrees. Superoxides 60-70 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 159-164 14980699-4 2004 We demonstrate here that a subset of mice with partial deficiency of the mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (Sod2(-/+)) show increased incidence of spontaneous and handling-induced seizures that correlates with chronic mitochondrial oxidative stress (increased aconitase inactivation and 8-hydroxy-2"-deoxyguanosine formation in mitochondria) and diminished mitochondrial oxygen utilization. Superoxides 87-97 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 109-113 14978155-14 2004 Angiotensin II (AngII) activates NADPH oxidases, leading to production of the superoxide anion and decreased availability of nitric oxide (NO), further impairing vascular function. Superoxides 78-94 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-14 14978155-14 2004 Angiotensin II (AngII) activates NADPH oxidases, leading to production of the superoxide anion and decreased availability of nitric oxide (NO), further impairing vascular function. Superoxides 78-94 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 16-21 14978110-6 2004 Cotransfection of p41(nox) and p51(nox) cDNAs in T84 cells enhanced PMA-stimulated O(2)(-) release 5-fold. Superoxides 83-87 HLA complex P5 Homo sapiens 31-34 15076160-9 2004 The activity of Cu/Zn-SOD in the thoracic aorta was significantly reduced in rats fed a high Zn diet relative to rats fed a standard diet, appearing to at least in part, play a role in an increase in the action of superoxide in the vessel wall of rats fed a high Zn diet. Superoxides 214-224 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 16-25 14755545-7 2004 Diphenylene iodonium (DPI), inhibitor of NAD(P)H oxidase, and tiron, superoxide scavenger, inhibited Ang II- and Ang II+ IL-1beta-stimulated increases in OPN mRNA. Superoxides 69-79 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 101-107 14755545-7 2004 Diphenylene iodonium (DPI), inhibitor of NAD(P)H oxidase, and tiron, superoxide scavenger, inhibited Ang II- and Ang II+ IL-1beta-stimulated increases in OPN mRNA. Superoxides 69-79 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 113-119 14755545-7 2004 Diphenylene iodonium (DPI), inhibitor of NAD(P)H oxidase, and tiron, superoxide scavenger, inhibited Ang II- and Ang II+ IL-1beta-stimulated increases in OPN mRNA. Superoxides 69-79 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 121-129 15086540-1 2004 Abnormal production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induces tissue damage and superoxide dismutase (SOD) that converts superoxide radicals to hydrogen peroxide functions as defense against ROS. Superoxides 120-139 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 79-99 15086540-1 2004 Abnormal production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induces tissue damage and superoxide dismutase (SOD) that converts superoxide radicals to hydrogen peroxide functions as defense against ROS. Superoxides 120-139 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 101-104 14698997-1 2004 Excess production of superoxide anion in response to angiotensin II plays a central role in the transduction of signal molecules and the regulation of vascular tone. Superoxides 21-37 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 53-67 15009884-8 2004 In the presence of superoxide, sense sigA transformants showed greater resistance than vector controls, and the antisense sigA transformant did not grow. Superoxides 19-29 RNA polymerase sigma factor SigA Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv 37-41 15017522-2 2004 The vasculature, interstitium, juxtaglomerular apparatus, and the distal nephron in the kidney express nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase that generates superoxide anion, which is an important component of angiotensin II-induced oxidative stress. Superoxides 178-194 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 231-245 14765128-1 2004 The superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase consists of a membrane-bound flavocytochrome b558 complex, and cytosolic factors p47phox, p67phox and the small GTPase Rac, which translocate to the membrane to assemble the active complex following cell activation. Superoxides 4-14 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 168-171 14757147-0 2004 Angiotensin II stimulates superoxide production via both angiotensin AT1A and AT1B receptors in mouse aorta and heart. Superoxides 26-36 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Mus musculus 69-73 14757147-1 2004 The present study was conducted to determine the roles of angiotensin AT(1A) and AT(1B) receptors in angiotensin II-induced superoxide anion production in mouse aorta and heart. Superoxides 124-140 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Mus musculus 70-75 14757147-3 2004 The basal production rate of superoxide anion in aorta of wild type (WT) mice was significantly higher than in angiotensin AT(1A) receptor knockout (AT(1A) KO) mice. Superoxides 29-45 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Mus musculus 123-128 14757147-4 2004 Angiotensin II (2.8 mg/kg/day, s.c. for 13 days) significantly increased superoxide anion production in aorta of both AT(1A) KO and WT mice. Superoxides 73-89 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Mus musculus 118-123 14757147-5 2004 However, the superoxide anion production rate in aorta of angiotensin II-infused AT(1A) KO mice was significantly lower than in angiotensin II-infused WT mice. Superoxides 13-29 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Mus musculus 81-86 14757147-9 2004 These results indicate that angiotensin II stimulates superoxide anion production via both angiotensin AT(1A) and AT(1B) receptors, and that angiotensin AT(1A) receptors appear to play a predominant role in angiotensin II-induced superoxide anion production in mouse aorta and heart. Superoxides 54-70 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Mus musculus 103-108 14757147-9 2004 These results indicate that angiotensin II stimulates superoxide anion production via both angiotensin AT(1A) and AT(1B) receptors, and that angiotensin AT(1A) receptors appear to play a predominant role in angiotensin II-induced superoxide anion production in mouse aorta and heart. Superoxides 230-246 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Mus musculus 153-158 14758023-0 2004 Superoxide generation by Nox1 in guinea pig gastric mucosal cells involves a component with p67(phox)-ability. Superoxides 0-10 zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 3 receptor Cavia porcellus 92-95 14749279-5 2004 Mitochondrial superoxide has been identified as a posttranslational regulator of UCP2 activity in islets; thus, UCP2 may provide protection to beta-cells at one level while simultaneously having detrimental effects on insulin secretion. Superoxides 14-24 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 81-85 14749279-5 2004 Mitochondrial superoxide has been identified as a posttranslational regulator of UCP2 activity in islets; thus, UCP2 may provide protection to beta-cells at one level while simultaneously having detrimental effects on insulin secretion. Superoxides 14-24 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 112-116 14749737-2 2004 Physiological concentrations of angiotensin II activate NAD(P)H oxidase and trigger free radical generation (especially that of O(2)(-*)). Superoxides 128-132 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 32-46 14657004-5 2004 SIN-1, which releases both NO and superoxide (O2*-), reduced HIF-1alpha levels, suggesting that inhibitory NO donors may elicit effects through peroxynitrite (ONOO*-). Superoxides 34-44 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 14657004-5 2004 SIN-1, which releases both NO and superoxide (O2*-), reduced HIF-1alpha levels, suggesting that inhibitory NO donors may elicit effects through peroxynitrite (ONOO*-). Superoxides 46-48 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 14657004-9 2004 The results indicate that HIF-1alpha is stabilized by agents that produce NO and reduce ROS but destabilized by agents that increase ROS, including O2*- and ONOO*-. Superoxides 148-150 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 26-36 15104211-9 2004 The excess cortical O2*- levels in the SHRSP may be associated with a down-regulation of Cu/Zn SOD but are not related to a decrease in oestrogen. Superoxides 20-22 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 89-98 14718366-8 2004 These results also suggest that the mechanism of Ang II-mediated renal vascular action involves concomitant generation of O2-. Superoxides 122-124 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 49-55 14767997-5 2004 Chronic CYP2E1 overexpression led to increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation constitutively and in response to oxidant stress from the superoxide generator menadione. Superoxides 167-177 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 8-14 14767997-5 2004 Chronic CYP2E1 overexpression led to increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation constitutively and in response to oxidant stress from the superoxide generator menadione. Superoxides 167-177 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 47-88 14767997-5 2004 Chronic CYP2E1 overexpression led to increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) activation constitutively and in response to oxidant stress from the superoxide generator menadione. Superoxides 167-177 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 90-96 15106732-9 2004 The results suggest that protein tyrosine kinase participates in fMLP-mediated superoxide generation by HOT-treated human neutrophils. Superoxides 79-89 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 65-69 14767991-3 2004 We examined how liver regeneration is affected by uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2), an inner mitochondrial membrane carrier that senses and negatively regulates superoxide production. Superoxides 156-166 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 50-70 14767991-3 2004 We examined how liver regeneration is affected by uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2), an inner mitochondrial membrane carrier that senses and negatively regulates superoxide production. Superoxides 156-166 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 72-76 15106732-4 2004 HOT significantly inhibited N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced superoxide generation in a concentration-dependent manner, but not that induced by arachidonic acid (AA). Superoxides 83-93 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 69-73 14717942-7 2004 In a subgroup of patients using PS dialyzers, reuse itself was associated with higher fMLP-induced superoxide production. Superoxides 99-109 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 86-90 14760150-1 2004 BACKGROUND: Functional polymorphisms in the genes encoding superoxide dismutases (SOD)-that is, superoxide scavenging antioxidant enzymes-may play an important role in the development of inflammatory airway diseases such as asthma. Superoxides 59-69 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 82-85 14744631-2 2004 In serum-deprived human fibroblasts, exposure to 100 microM N-fMLP or 10 microM peptide W for 1 min induced both p47phox translocation and NADPH-dependent superoxide generation. Superoxides 155-165 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 62-66 14630727-10 2004 Treatment of cells with a superoxide anion scavenger (polyethylene glycol-superoxide dismutase) or IkappaB kinase inhibitor (prostaglandin A(1)) could prevent Hcy-induced activation of IKK kinases and NF-kappaB in endothelial cells. Superoxides 26-42 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 201-210 14630727-11 2004 In conclusion, these results suggest that Hcy-induced superoxide anion production may play a potential role for NF-kappaB activation in the early stages of atherosclerosis in the vascular wall via activation of IkappaB kinases. Superoxides 54-70 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 112-121 14699004-12 2004 Reduced SOD activity may reflect low superoxide anion production. Superoxides 37-53 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 8-11 14706836-1 2004 Superoxide generated using exogenous xanthine oxidase indirectly activates an uncoupling protein (UCP)-mediated proton conductance of the mitochondrial inner membrane. Superoxides 0-10 uncoupling protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 98-101 15218542-5 2004 Among many enzymatic systems that are capable of producing O(2)(*-), NAD(P)H oxidase and uncoupled endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) apparently are the main sources of O(2)(*-) in the endothelial cells. Superoxides 59-63 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 124-128 15218542-5 2004 Among many enzymatic systems that are capable of producing O(2)(*-), NAD(P)H oxidase and uncoupled endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) apparently are the main sources of O(2)(*-) in the endothelial cells. Superoxides 165-169 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 124-128 15218542-6 2004 It seems that O(2)(*-) generated by NAD(P)H oxidase may trigger eNOS uncoupling and contribute to the endothelial balance between NO and O(2)(*-). Superoxides 14-18 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 64-68 15218542-6 2004 It seems that O(2)(*-) generated by NAD(P)H oxidase may trigger eNOS uncoupling and contribute to the endothelial balance between NO and O(2)(*-). Superoxides 137-141 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 64-68 14749668-4 2004 Superoxide production by maternal neutrophils and donor neutrophils cultured with STBM from cases of preeclampsia was greater than controls (P values.006 and.019, respectively), and dose-response relationships were observed. Superoxides 0-10 VANGL planar cell polarity protein 2 Homo sapiens 82-86 14676270-1 2004 In neutrophils and other phagocytic cells, the small GTPase Rac is an essential regulator of a multi-component NADPH oxidase that produces high levels of superoxide, which kills invading pathogens. Superoxides 154-164 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 60-63 14676270-2 2004 In many other cell types, Rac and newly discovered relatives of the neutrophil burst oxidase and its subunits have been found associated with production of reactive oxygen species, implicating superoxide production in a wide range of cellular processes not related to host defense. Superoxides 193-203 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 26-29 12807699-1 2004 We tested the hypothesis that the NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent generation of superoxide anion (O2-*) mediates tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF)-induced alterations in the permeability of pulmonary microvessel endothelial monolayers (PMEM). Superoxides 74-90 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 107-134 12807699-1 2004 We tested the hypothesis that the NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent generation of superoxide anion (O2-*) mediates tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF)-induced alterations in the permeability of pulmonary microvessel endothelial monolayers (PMEM). Superoxides 74-90 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 136-139 12807699-1 2004 We tested the hypothesis that the NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent generation of superoxide anion (O2-*) mediates tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF)-induced alterations in the permeability of pulmonary microvessel endothelial monolayers (PMEM). Superoxides 92-94 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 107-134 12807699-1 2004 We tested the hypothesis that the NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent generation of superoxide anion (O2-*) mediates tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF)-induced alterations in the permeability of pulmonary microvessel endothelial monolayers (PMEM). Superoxides 92-94 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 136-139 12807699-6 2004 p22phox antisense oligonucleotide prevented the TNF-induced effect on p22phox, p47phox, O2-*, and permeability. Superoxides 88-90 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 48-51 12807699-8 2004 The TNF-induced increase in O2-* and permeability to albumin was also prevented by the O2-* scavenger Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (100 U/ml). Superoxides 28-30 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 4-7 12807699-8 2004 The TNF-induced increase in O2-* and permeability to albumin was also prevented by the O2-* scavenger Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (100 U/ml). Superoxides 87-89 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 4-7 12807699-9 2004 The results indicate that the activation of NAD(P)H oxidase, via the generation of O2-*, mediates TNF-induced barrier dysfunction in PMEM. Superoxides 83-85 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 98-101 14704595-3 2004 Ang II also indirectly facilitates transformation of macrophages and smooth muscle cells into foam cells by promoting superoxide radical formation (via NADP/NADPH oxidase stimulation). Superoxides 118-128 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-6 16529174-1 2004 The aim of this study done in patients with periodontitis was (a) to determine superoxide anion production in whole blood by measuring cytochrome c reduction; (b) to assess the effects of oxidative burst in periodontal disease by analyzing lipid peroxidation and degradation of DNA bases in the peripheral and gingival blood; (c) to search for associations between superoxide anion production, lipid peroxidation, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine concentration and clinical parameters. Superoxides 79-95 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 135-147 14667941-4 2004 Using the superoxide dismutase (SOD)-inhibitable cytochrome c reduction assay, we report here that the beta-adrenergic agonist, adrenaline at physiologic concentrations (5-100 nM) inhibited formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-stimulated but not phorbol-myristate-acetate (PMA)-stimulated PMN superoxide anion production. Superoxides 301-317 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 49-61 14667941-5 2004 The inhibitory effect of adrenaline runs in parallel with an increase in intracellular levels of cAMP which was reversed by the protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H-89, suggesting a role for PKA in mediating the inhibitory effect of adrenaline on fMLP-induced superoxide production. Superoxides 258-268 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 245-249 14667941-8 2004 We suggest that adrenaline inhibits fMLP induced superoxide production upstream of the NADPH oxidase via a mechanism involving PKA and cPLA(2). Superoxides 49-59 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 36-40 15777015-1 2004 The release of cytochrome c from mitochondria during apoptosis results in the enhanced production of superoxide radicals, which are converted to H2O2 by Mn-superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 101-120 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 15-27 15777017-2 2004 Superoxide-producing enzymes involved in increased oxidative stress within vascular tissue include NAD(P)H-oxidase, xanthine oxidase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in an uncoupled state. Superoxides 0-10 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 137-170 15901411-10 2004 It is suggested that light emission induced by the SIN1 cocktail results from the oxidation of SEL [IV] to the [VI] state, possibly due to the generation of mixtures of superoxide, peroxide, peroxynitrite and also of unidentified oxidant species, catalyzed by CoCo(2+). Superoxides 169-179 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 51-55 12919935-1 2004 The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of two intracellular scavengers of nitric oxide (NO): 1) superoxide dismutase (SOD) (SOD2) to scavenge intramitochondrial superoxide anion, and 2) cytosolic myoglobin (Mb) in the regulation of tissue O2 consumption. Superoxides 180-196 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 137-140 12919935-1 2004 The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of two intracellular scavengers of nitric oxide (NO): 1) superoxide dismutase (SOD) (SOD2) to scavenge intramitochondrial superoxide anion, and 2) cytosolic myoglobin (Mb) in the regulation of tissue O2 consumption. Superoxides 180-196 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 143-147 12919935-1 2004 The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of two intracellular scavengers of nitric oxide (NO): 1) superoxide dismutase (SOD) (SOD2) to scavenge intramitochondrial superoxide anion, and 2) cytosolic myoglobin (Mb) in the regulation of tissue O2 consumption. Superoxides 258-260 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 137-140 12919935-1 2004 The aim of this study was to investigate the significance of two intracellular scavengers of nitric oxide (NO): 1) superoxide dismutase (SOD) (SOD2) to scavenge intramitochondrial superoxide anion, and 2) cytosolic myoglobin (Mb) in the regulation of tissue O2 consumption. Superoxides 258-260 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 143-147 14694157-7 2004 Addition of the superoxide radical scavenger tempol restored the ability of bradykinin, enalaprilat, and amlodipine to suppress oxygen consumption in tissue from 23-mo-old animals to levels seen in younger animals, suggesting NO destruction by superoxide as the reason for decreased NO availability. Superoxides 16-26 kininogen 1 Homo sapiens 76-86 14694157-7 2004 Addition of the superoxide radical scavenger tempol restored the ability of bradykinin, enalaprilat, and amlodipine to suppress oxygen consumption in tissue from 23-mo-old animals to levels seen in younger animals, suggesting NO destruction by superoxide as the reason for decreased NO availability. Superoxides 244-254 kininogen 1 Homo sapiens 76-86 14679228-7 2004 The rate of cytochrome c reduction was enhanced in the presence of O(2) suggesting that superoxide is a product of the interaction of reduced AfpA with O(2). Superoxides 67-71 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 12-24 14679228-7 2004 The rate of cytochrome c reduction was enhanced in the presence of O(2) suggesting that superoxide is a product of the interaction of reduced AfpA with O(2). Superoxides 88-98 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 12-24 14679228-7 2004 The rate of cytochrome c reduction was enhanced in the presence of O(2) suggesting that superoxide is a product of the interaction of reduced AfpA with O(2). Superoxides 152-156 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 12-24 14989368-4 2004 Superoxides are believed to underlie many of the oxidative changes in hyperglycemic conditions, including increases in aldose reductase and protein kinase C activity. Superoxides 0-11 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 119-135 14706236-2 2004 The mev-1(kn1) mutants are hypersensitive to oxidative stress and age precociously, probably because of elevated superoxide anion production in mitochondria. Superoxides 113-129 Succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial Caenorhabditis elegans 4-9 14657615-3 2004 Therefore, the main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of IL-1beta or NO on enzyme activity of NADPH oxidase (NOX), a superoxide-generating system recently documented to participate in a variety of vascular functions. Superoxides 134-144 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 74-82 12963085-2 2004 It has been proposed that Abeta induces death by oxidative stress, possibly through the generation of peroxynitrite from superoxide and nitric oxide. Superoxides 121-131 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 26-31 15720822-5 2004 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and aminooxyacetate (AOA), a malate/aspartate shuttle inhibitor, strongly inhibited WST-1 reduction and reduced DCIP reduction by 40-60%, but failed to affect FeCN reduction, indicating involvement of mitochondrial TCA cycle-derived NADH and a possible role for superoxide in WST-1 but not FeCN reduction. Superoxides 289-299 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 14744014-2 2003 The oxidase, dormant in resting cells, becomes activated to produce superoxide, a precursor of microbicidal oxidants, by interacting with the adaptor proteins p47phox and p67phox as well as the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 68-78 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 207-210 14962293-3 2004 The intracellular antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase-1 (Gpx-1) and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn SOD) detoxify peroxynitrite and superoxide, respectively. Superoxides 87-97 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 109-117 14656912-9 2003 Angiotensin II increased lucigenin-detectable superoxide anion in LV tissue in a manner that was inhibited by bradykinin, AA, tempol, losartan, or apocynin. Superoxides 46-62 kininogen 1 Canis lupus familiaris 110-120 12842815-3 2003 We have shown that the bicarbonate (HCO3-)-chloride anion exchange protein (AE2) expressed in the lung also exchanges O2-* for HCO3-. Superoxides 118-120 solute carrier family 4 member 2 Rattus norvegicus 76-79 12842815-7 2003 Release of O2-* was also inhibited by an AE2 inhibitor (SITS) and abolished in normoxia by an NO synthase inhibitor (NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester). Superoxides 11-13 solute carrier family 4 member 2 Rattus norvegicus 41-44 12842815-10 2003 These results indicate that O2-* produced by endothelial NOS in normoxia and unidentified sources in hypoxia regulate pulmonary vascular tone via AE2. Superoxides 28-30 solute carrier family 4 member 2 Rattus norvegicus 146-149 12919932-6 2003 Second, based on ligation-mediated PCR, the pattern of angiotensin II-induced DNA damage resembles peroxynitritemediated damage rather than damage caused by either superoxide or nitric oxide. Superoxides 164-174 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 55-69 14588154-4 2003 In vascular smooth muscle cells, activation of the NADPH oxidases and the subsequent formation of O(2) .- has been demonstrated for various agents including angiotensin II, thrombin, lysophosphatidylcholine, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Superoxides 98-104 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 157-171 14588154-4 2003 In vascular smooth muscle cells, activation of the NADPH oxidases and the subsequent formation of O(2) .- has been demonstrated for various agents including angiotensin II, thrombin, lysophosphatidylcholine, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Superoxides 98-104 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 173-181 14588154-4 2003 In vascular smooth muscle cells, activation of the NADPH oxidases and the subsequent formation of O(2) .- has been demonstrated for various agents including angiotensin II, thrombin, lysophosphatidylcholine, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Superoxides 98-104 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 212-239 14588154-5 2003 By influencing the activity of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and AKT, NADPH oxidase-derived O(2) .- increases the expression of several pro-arteriosclerotic genes, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tissue factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Superoxides 99-103 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 31-34 14588154-5 2003 By influencing the activity of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and AKT, NADPH oxidase-derived O(2) .- increases the expression of several pro-arteriosclerotic genes, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tissue factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Superoxides 99-103 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 72-75 14588154-5 2003 By influencing the activity of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and AKT, NADPH oxidase-derived O(2) .- increases the expression of several pro-arteriosclerotic genes, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tissue factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Superoxides 99-103 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 234-268 12958047-8 2003 Ox-LDL, Ang II, and TNF-alpha each enhanced intracellular superoxide radical generation, and pioglitazone pretreatment reduced superoxide generation (P<0.01 versus ox-LDL, Ang II, or TNF-alpha). Superoxides 58-76 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 8-14 12958047-8 2003 Ox-LDL, Ang II, and TNF-alpha each enhanced intracellular superoxide radical generation, and pioglitazone pretreatment reduced superoxide generation (P<0.01 versus ox-LDL, Ang II, or TNF-alpha). Superoxides 58-76 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 20-29 12958047-8 2003 Ox-LDL, Ang II, and TNF-alpha each enhanced intracellular superoxide radical generation, and pioglitazone pretreatment reduced superoxide generation (P<0.01 versus ox-LDL, Ang II, or TNF-alpha). Superoxides 58-68 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 8-14 12958047-8 2003 Ox-LDL, Ang II, and TNF-alpha each enhanced intracellular superoxide radical generation, and pioglitazone pretreatment reduced superoxide generation (P<0.01 versus ox-LDL, Ang II, or TNF-alpha). Superoxides 58-68 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 20-29 12958047-12 2003 CONCLUSIONS: These observations suggest that the PPAR-gamma ligand pioglitazone reduces intracellular superoxide radical generation and subsequently reduces the expression of transcription factors, expression of the LOX-1 gene, and monocyte adhesion to activated endothelium. Superoxides 102-120 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Homo sapiens 49-59 14641051-1 2003 Generation of DeltaPsi (membrane potential) by cytochrome oxidase proteoliposomes oxidizing superoxide-reduced cytochrome c has been demonstrated. Superoxides 92-102 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 111-123 14641051-8 2003 These data and the results of some other researchers can be rationalized as follows: (1) O(2) accepts an electron to form superoxide; (2) cytochrome c oxidizes superoxide back to O(2); (3) an electron removed from the reduced cytochrome c is transferred to O(2) by cytochrome oxidase in a manner that generates Deltamicro(H(+)) (transmembrane difference in electrochemical H(+) potential). Superoxides 122-132 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 138-150 14641051-8 2003 These data and the results of some other researchers can be rationalized as follows: (1) O(2) accepts an electron to form superoxide; (2) cytochrome c oxidizes superoxide back to O(2); (3) an electron removed from the reduced cytochrome c is transferred to O(2) by cytochrome oxidase in a manner that generates Deltamicro(H(+)) (transmembrane difference in electrochemical H(+) potential). Superoxides 122-132 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 226-238 14641051-8 2003 These data and the results of some other researchers can be rationalized as follows: (1) O(2) accepts an electron to form superoxide; (2) cytochrome c oxidizes superoxide back to O(2); (3) an electron removed from the reduced cytochrome c is transferred to O(2) by cytochrome oxidase in a manner that generates Deltamicro(H(+)) (transmembrane difference in electrochemical H(+) potential). Superoxides 160-170 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 138-150 14641051-8 2003 These data and the results of some other researchers can be rationalized as follows: (1) O(2) accepts an electron to form superoxide; (2) cytochrome c oxidizes superoxide back to O(2); (3) an electron removed from the reduced cytochrome c is transferred to O(2) by cytochrome oxidase in a manner that generates Deltamicro(H(+)) (transmembrane difference in electrochemical H(+) potential). Superoxides 160-170 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 226-238 14641051-9 2003 Thus cytochrome c mediates a process of superoxide removal, resulting in regeneration of O(2) and utilization of the electron involved previously in the O(2) reduction. Superoxides 40-50 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 5-17 14641051-9 2003 Thus cytochrome c mediates a process of superoxide removal, resulting in regeneration of O(2) and utilization of the electron involved previously in the O(2) reduction. Superoxides 89-93 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 5-17 14641051-9 2003 Thus cytochrome c mediates a process of superoxide removal, resulting in regeneration of O(2) and utilization of the electron involved previously in the O(2) reduction. Superoxides 153-157 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 5-17 14984014-9 2003 These data suggest that an increase in ONOO- as a result of an increase in the production of O2*-, may feedback to inhibit 5-HT-induced eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1179 and therefore, contribute to endothelial dysfunction associated with cardiovascular diseases. Superoxides 93-95 nitric oxide synthase 3 Bos taurus 136-140 14717337-2 2003 Studies in animal models indicate that angiotensin II increases superoxide anion production by vascular tissues. Superoxides 64-80 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 39-53 14597645-0 2003 Role of superoxide in modulating the renal effects of angiotensin II. Superoxides 8-18 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 54-68 14597645-1 2003 Angiotensin II is known to stimulate NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide (O2-) generation, which may contribute to the acute renal vasoconstrictor and antinatriuretic actions of this peptide. Superoxides 61-71 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-14 14597645-1 2003 Angiotensin II is known to stimulate NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide (O2-) generation, which may contribute to the acute renal vasoconstrictor and antinatriuretic actions of this peptide. Superoxides 73-75 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-14 14597645-10 2003 These results indicate that some of the acute renal effects of angiotensin II may be enhanced by an increased NADPH oxidase-derived O2- production that reduces renal NO bioavailability. Superoxides 132-134 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 63-77 14717337-3 2003 We examined whether angiotensin II attenuates endothelium-dependent vasodilation via an increase in superoxide anion production in human forearm vessels in vivo. Superoxides 100-116 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 20-34 14717337-10 2003 Thus, angiotensin II likely attenuates endothelium-dependent vasodilation via an increase of superoxide anion production in the human forearm in vivo. Superoxides 93-109 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 6-20 14769871-0 2003 Possible involvement of optimally phosphorylated L-plastin in activation of superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 76-86 lymphocyte cytosolic protein 1 Homo sapiens 49-58 14679173-3 2003 A new study demonstrates that hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial superoxide production activates uncoupling protein 2, which decreases the ATP/ADP ratio and thus reduces the insulin-secretory response. Superoxides 66-76 insulin Homo sapiens 175-182 14679178-6 2003 This study demonstrates that endogenously produced mitochondrial superoxide activates UCP2-mediated proton leak, thus lowering ATP levels and impairing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Superoxides 65-75 insulin Homo sapiens 171-178 14679182-9 2003 These results prove the novel concept that endothelial Cu,Zn-SOD plays an important role as an "EDHF synthase" in mice, in addition to its classical role to scavenge superoxide anions. Superoxides 166-183 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 55-64 14654755-3 2003 Extracellular superoxide was measured using cytochrome c reduction. Superoxides 14-24 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 44-56 14769150-5 2003 IFN-gamma (100 U/ml) and TNF-alpha (1000 U/ml) also caused a significant increase in superoxide release by HL-60 clone 15 cells after 2 days compared with control or with butyric acid-induced cells. Superoxides 85-95 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 0-9 14769150-5 2003 IFN-gamma (100 U/ml) and TNF-alpha (1000 U/ml) also caused a significant increase in superoxide release by HL-60 clone 15 cells after 2 days compared with control or with butyric acid-induced cells. Superoxides 85-95 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 25-34 14674687-5 2003 26 min is longer than the period length of 24 min for the usual constitutive (CNOX) ECTO-NOX proteins of the cell surface and sera which neither generate superoxide nor reduce ferricytochrome c. The aging-related ECTO-NOX protein (arNOX) provides a mechanism to transmit cell surface oxidative changes to surrounding cells and circulating lipoproteins potentially important to atherogenesis. Superoxides 154-164 ecto-NOX disulfide-thiol exchanger 1 Homo sapiens 78-82 14652649-3 2003 When stimulated with the calcium-ionophore A23187, platelet activating factor (PAF) or the microbial agent n-formyl-Methionyl-Leucyl-Phenylalanine (fMLP), significantly increased release of elastase and superoxide anion was noted in both groups with pulmonary hypertension. Superoxides 203-219 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 148-152 14615576-1 2003 Human extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) is a scavenger of superoxide anions in the extracellular space. Superoxides 81-98 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 6-40 14522134-10 2003 The non-selective PKC inhibitors, staurosporine and Ro31-8220, significantly reduced histamine-induced superoxide production. Superoxides 103-113 protein kinase C alpha Homo sapiens 18-21 14615576-1 2003 Human extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) is a scavenger of superoxide anions in the extracellular space. Superoxides 81-98 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 42-48 12837686-0 2003 Angiotensin II mediates LDL-induced superoxide generation in mesangial cells. Superoxides 36-46 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-14 14530871-11 2003 Furthermore, priming effects and triggering effects of TPO on the production of superoxide metabolites from peripheral blood neutrophils were not observed. Superoxides 80-90 thrombopoietin Homo sapiens 55-58 14556086-14 2003 Superoxide production probably contributed to the impaired dilation to Ach since treatment with SOD/catalase improved dilation. Superoxides 0-10 catalase Canis lupus familiaris 100-108 12894215-0 2003 Decrease in intracellular superoxide sensitizes Bcl-2-overexpressing tumor cells to receptor and drug-induced apoptosis independent of the mitochondria. Superoxides 26-36 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 48-53 12894215-3 2003 Moreover, Bcl-2 overexpression resulted in a slightly elevated constitutive level of superoxide anion and pH in CEM leukemia cells. Superoxides 85-101 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 10-15 12894215-4 2003 Interestingly, decreasing intracellular superoxide concentration with an inhibitor of the beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase or by transient transfection with a dominant-negative form of the guanosine triphosphate-binding protein Rac1 resulted in a significant increase in the sensitivity of CEM/Bcl-2 cells to CD95- or merocil-induced apoptosis. Superoxides 40-50 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 318-323 14499342-7 2003 Inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity by PD98059 attenuated superoxide release and chemotaxis, and simultaneous treatment with SB203580 and PD98059 demonstrated additive inhibition. Superoxides 89-99 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 14-51 14499342-7 2003 Inhibition of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activity by PD98059 attenuated superoxide release and chemotaxis, and simultaneous treatment with SB203580 and PD98059 demonstrated additive inhibition. Superoxides 89-99 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 53-56 12975388-0 2003 In salt-sensitive hypertension, increased superoxide production is linked to functional upregulation of angiotensin II. Superoxides 42-52 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 104-118 12975388-12 2003 Thus, SS hypertension might represent a specific vascular diathesis linked to functional upregulation of Ang II action (increased O2- synthesis) accompanied by insufficient NO bioavailability, which promotes severe endothelial dysfunction. Superoxides 130-132 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 105-111 14517226-0 2003 Endothelin-1 stimulates arterial VCAM-1 expression via NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide in mineralocorticoid hypertension. Superoxides 77-87 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-12 14517226-3 2003 This study tested the hypothesis that ET-1 augments arterial VCAM-1 expression through NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide (O2-). Superoxides 109-119 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 38-42 14517226-3 2003 This study tested the hypothesis that ET-1 augments arterial VCAM-1 expression through NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide (O2-). Superoxides 121-123 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 38-42 14517226-8 2003 The results of this study indicate that ET-1 stimulates arterial VCAM-1 expression by producing O2- from an ETA receptor/NADPH oxidase pathway in low-renin mineralocorticoid hypertension. Superoxides 96-98 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 40-44 14616239-6 2003 Given that this HIF-1-mediated action is associated with local redox status, evidence is presented to indicate that reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially superoxide (O) is importantly involved in HIF-1-mediated molecular adaptation in renal medullary cells. Superoxides 158-168 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 16-21 14616239-6 2003 Given that this HIF-1-mediated action is associated with local redox status, evidence is presented to indicate that reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially superoxide (O) is importantly involved in HIF-1-mediated molecular adaptation in renal medullary cells. Superoxides 158-168 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 200-205 14502568-6 2003 The simultaneous donor of O(2) (-) and NO, SIN-1 (500 microM), also stimulated basal I(Ca) (22.8 +/- 2.1%, n = 13). Superoxides 26-30 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 43-48 12960242-7 2003 Neutrophils spontaneously produced NO whose production was not increased, but rather decreased by nicotine stimulation, suggesting that superoxide, produced by nicotine, generates peroxynitrite by reacting with preformed NO, which enhances the NF-kappaB activity, thereby producing IL-8. Superoxides 136-146 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 244-253 12960242-7 2003 Neutrophils spontaneously produced NO whose production was not increased, but rather decreased by nicotine stimulation, suggesting that superoxide, produced by nicotine, generates peroxynitrite by reacting with preformed NO, which enhances the NF-kappaB activity, thereby producing IL-8. Superoxides 136-146 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 282-286 14644319-2 2003 The immediate products of such reactions, superoxide anion radicals and hydrogen peroxide can be metabolised by enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), respectively, and depending on its concentration by Vitamin C (Vit C). Superoxides 42-67 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 128-148 14644319-2 2003 The immediate products of such reactions, superoxide anion radicals and hydrogen peroxide can be metabolised by enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), respectively, and depending on its concentration by Vitamin C (Vit C). Superoxides 42-67 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 150-153 14644319-2 2003 The immediate products of such reactions, superoxide anion radicals and hydrogen peroxide can be metabolised by enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), respectively, and depending on its concentration by Vitamin C (Vit C). Superoxides 42-67 catalase Homo sapiens 159-167 14644319-2 2003 The immediate products of such reactions, superoxide anion radicals and hydrogen peroxide can be metabolised by enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), respectively, and depending on its concentration by Vitamin C (Vit C). Superoxides 42-67 catalase Homo sapiens 169-172 14644319-8 2003 The variable responses with SOD indicate a lesser involvement of superoxide anion radicals due to SOD-mediated conversion of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide generally causing a lower level of DNA damage than other ROS. Superoxides 65-90 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 28-31 14644319-8 2003 The variable responses with SOD indicate a lesser involvement of superoxide anion radicals due to SOD-mediated conversion of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide generally causing a lower level of DNA damage than other ROS. Superoxides 65-90 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 98-101 14644319-8 2003 The variable responses with SOD indicate a lesser involvement of superoxide anion radicals due to SOD-mediated conversion of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide generally causing a lower level of DNA damage than other ROS. Superoxides 65-75 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 28-31 14644319-8 2003 The variable responses with SOD indicate a lesser involvement of superoxide anion radicals due to SOD-mediated conversion of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide generally causing a lower level of DNA damage than other ROS. Superoxides 65-75 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 98-101 14551246-5 2003 Left ventricular (LV) ASK1 was activated by Ang II infusion in wild-type mice, which was mediated by angiotensin II type 1 receptor and superoxide. Superoxides 136-146 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 44-50 14500337-7 2003 Vascular NAD(P)H oxidase expression (nox1, nox4, gp91phox, and p22phox) and endothelial production of superoxide anions were markedly increased by angiotensin II, both of which were also significantly suppressed by fasudil. Superoxides 102-119 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 147-161 14521919-6 2003 The expressions of p67 and p47(phox) were reduced by the addition of apocynin, aminoguanidine or ONO 1714 whereas xanthine oxidase and cyclooxygenase did not have a major role in superoxide production. Superoxides 179-189 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 19-22 14530369-4 2003 We found that superoxide production elicited by FMLP in Vav1(-/-) murine neutrophils isolated from either bone marrow or from peritoneal exudates was substantially reduced compared with that of wild type. Superoxides 14-24 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 48-52 14556853-4 2003 We also show that menadione, a superoxide anion generator and a highly reactive electrophile, operates both modes of Yap1 activation. Superoxides 31-47 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 117-121 14556853-6 2003 We propose that Yap1 has two distinct molecular redox centers, one triggered by ROS (hydroperoxides and the superoxide anion) and the other by chemicals with thiol reactivity (electrophiles and divalent heavy metals cations). Superoxides 108-124 DNA-binding transcription factor YAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 16-20 14556858-3 2003 Glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and center o of complex III in the presence of antimycin had the greatest maximum capacities to generate superoxide on the cytosolic side of the inner membrane. Superoxides 140-150 Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 0-34 14556858-7 2003 There was a high rate of superoxide production with sn-glycerol 3-phosphate as substrate; two-thirds mostly from glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase on the cytosolic side and one-third on the matrix side from complex I following reverse electron transport. Superoxides 25-35 Glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 113-147 14530346-0 2003 Dual phosphorylation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase adaptor Grb2-associated binder 2 is responsible for superoxide formation synergistically stimulated by Fc gamma and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine receptors in differentiated THP-1 cells. Superoxides 102-112 GRB2 associated binding protein 2 Homo sapiens 58-82 14530346-2 2003 The heterodimeric PI 3-kinase is also activated by G protein-coupled chemotactic fMLP receptors, and activation of the lipid kinase plays an important role in various immune responses, including superoxide formation in neutrophils. Superoxides 195-205 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 81-85 14530346-3 2003 Although fMLP-induced superoxide formation is markedly enhanced in FcgammaRII-primed neutrophils, the molecular mechanisms remain poorly characterized. Superoxides 22-32 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 9-13 14530346-8 2003 Enhanced superoxide formation in response to Fcgamma and fMLP was markedly attenuated when the Gab2 Ser/Thr phosphorylation was inhibited. Superoxides 9-19 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 57-61 14530346-8 2003 Enhanced superoxide formation in response to Fcgamma and fMLP was markedly attenuated when the Gab2 Ser/Thr phosphorylation was inhibited. Superoxides 9-19 GRB2 associated binding protein 2 Homo sapiens 95-99 14530346-9 2003 These results show the importance of the dual phosphorylation of PI 3-kinase adaptor Gab2 for the enhanced superoxide formation in neutrophil-type cells. Superoxides 107-117 GRB2 associated binding protein 2 Homo sapiens 85-89 14504187-10 2003 By increasing both superoxide and inducible NO synthase, CRP resulted in increased nitration of PGIS by peroxynitrite. Superoxides 19-29 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 57-60 14504187-10 2003 By increasing both superoxide and inducible NO synthase, CRP resulted in increased nitration of PGIS by peroxynitrite. Superoxides 19-29 prostaglandin I2 synthase Homo sapiens 96-100 12871978-3 2003 The copper-zinc-containing SOD (SOD1) acts as a major defense against ROS by detoxifying the superoxide anion. Superoxides 93-109 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 32-36 14510783-4 2003 Enhancement by Ang II was inhibited by the AT1 antagonist, Losartan, and the superoxide scavenger, Tempol. Superoxides 77-87 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 15-21 14510783-12 2003 We suggest that Ang II facilitates autoregulation by a tubuloglomerular feedback-dependent mechanism through AT1 receptor-mediated depletion of nitric oxide, probably by stimulating generation of superoxide. Superoxides 196-206 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 16-22 14500156-4 2003 Priming (by lysophosphatidic acid [LPA]) and activation (by N-formylmethionine-leucyl-phenylalanine) of superoxide release by isolated human neutrophils was studied by using a cytochrome c-reduction assay. Superoxides 104-114 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 176-188 12958025-0 2003 Rac regulates cardiovascular superoxide through diverse molecular interactions: more than a binary GTP switch. Superoxides 29-39 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 12958025-2 2003 Rac has two major functions: 1) it regulates the organization of the actin cytoskeleton, and 2) it controls the activity of the key enzyme complex NADPH oxidase to control superoxide production in both phagocytes and nonphagocytic cells. Superoxides 172-182 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 12958025-3 2003 In phagocytes, superoxide derived from NADPH has a bactericidal function, whereas Rac-derived superoxide in the cardiovascular system has a diverse array of functions that have recently been a subject of intense interest. Superoxides 94-104 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 82-85 14642909-2 2003 CNTs-PME was used to study electrochemical properties of superoxide anion in aprotic media. Superoxides 57-73 cystatin B Homo sapiens 5-8 14565769-7 2003 SIN-1-induced formation of AUXN is considered to be a superoxide-mediated reaction, while the structure of EPOX points to a two electron oxidation reaction involving a Michael type addition with peroxynitrite as the nucleophile, followed by cyclization yielding a (1,2)-dioxepin-5-one ring structure. Superoxides 54-64 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 14563429-8 2003 CONCLUSIONS: Activated Kupffer cells, which produce superoxide anions, are involved in Con A-induced hepatic necro-inflammation in mice possibly through the activation of Th1-associated immune response mediated by CD4 and/or CXCR3 positive cells recruited into the liver. Superoxides 52-69 negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l Mus musculus 171-174 12874096-3 2003 Endothelin-1 (5 pmol/kg per minute) was chronically infused into the jugular vein by use of mini-osmotic pump for 9 days in male Sprague-Dawley rats and in rats treated with the superoxide anion scavenger tempol (30 mg/kg per day). Superoxides 178-194 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-12 13679077-0 2003 8-Nitroxanthine, a product of myeloperoxidase, peroxynitrite, and activated human neutrophils, enhances generation of superoxide by xanthine oxidase. Superoxides 118-128 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 30-45 12913063-2 2003 Superoxide anion accumulation has been reported in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension, in which endothelin-1 plays an important role in cardiovascular damage. Superoxides 0-16 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 114-126 12946449-6 2003 Superoxide generation was measured by the cytochrome c reduction method. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 42-54 12946449-10 2003 Although FMLP- or OZ-induced superoxide generation and elastase release were not affected by the addition of COX-2 inhibitor, cytokine release such as interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 was significantly inhibited by high concentration of COX-2 inhibitor, but tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) was partially attenuated. Superoxides 29-39 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 9-13 12975384-1 2003 The source of superoxide (O2*-) production and cell-to-cell interactions of O2*- and nitric oxide (NO) in response to angiotensin II (AngII) were studied by fluorescence microscopic techniques to image rat renal outer medullary microtissue strips. Superoxides 76-78 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 118-132 12975384-1 2003 The source of superoxide (O2*-) production and cell-to-cell interactions of O2*- and nitric oxide (NO) in response to angiotensin II (AngII) were studied by fluorescence microscopic techniques to image rat renal outer medullary microtissue strips. Superoxides 76-78 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 134-139 12975384-3 2003 AngII (1 micromol/L) significantly increased O2*- in the isolated, medullary thick ascending limb (mTAL). Superoxides 45-49 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-5 12975384-6 2003 However, AngII did increase O2*- when the tissue strips were preincubated with the NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (carboxy-PTIO), indicating that cross-talk of O2*- from mTAL to the VR occurred but was normally inhibited by NO. Superoxides 28-30 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 9-14 12975384-6 2003 However, AngII did increase O2*- when the tissue strips were preincubated with the NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (carboxy-PTIO), indicating that cross-talk of O2*- from mTAL to the VR occurred but was normally inhibited by NO. Superoxides 208-210 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 9-14 12975384-8 2003 We conclude that AngII stimulates O2*- production in mTAL via the NAD(P)H oxidase pathway and that interactions of O2*- and NO ultimately determine the effectiveness of in situ free-radical cross-talk between the mTAL and the VR. Superoxides 34-36 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 17-22 14513297-11 2003 On Chr 3, resistance segregated with a marker between previously described Idd loci and coinciding with an independently mapped locus conferring a suppressed superoxide burst by ALR neutrophils (Susp). Superoxides 158-168 growth factor, augmenter of liver regeneration Mus musculus 178-181 14505347-4 2003 Taken together, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) rather than superoxide anion (O(2) (*-)) acts as a second messenger of metabolic oxidative stress to activate the ASK1-MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK)-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathway. Superoxides 39-43 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 Homo sapiens 221-224 12866025-7 2003 Scavenging of mitochondrial superoxide anions by NO prevents the downregulation of bcl-X(L), the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential, the cytochrome c release and finally the activation of caspase-3. Superoxides 28-45 BCL2 like 1 Homo sapiens 83-91 12866025-7 2003 Scavenging of mitochondrial superoxide anions by NO prevents the downregulation of bcl-X(L), the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential, the cytochrome c release and finally the activation of caspase-3. Superoxides 28-45 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 157-169 12866025-7 2003 Scavenging of mitochondrial superoxide anions by NO prevents the downregulation of bcl-X(L), the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane potential, the cytochrome c release and finally the activation of caspase-3. Superoxides 28-45 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 208-217 12866025-8 2003 In conclusion, NO effectively inhibits apoptosis by scavenging superoxide anions generated in the mitochondria of p53 mutant cells and thereby prevents the downregulation of the antiapoptotic factor bcl-X(L), which controls the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Superoxides 63-80 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 114-117 12941305-1 2003 Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is an abundant metalloenzyme important in scavenging superoxide ions. Superoxides 6-16 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 28-32 13679868-5 2003 Taken together, these results demonstrate that there are at least two distinct apoptotic pathways: one dependent on O2-, which is induced by 2ME2 and is associated with release of cyto c and Smac; and the other an independent of O2-, which is triggered by Dex and associated with Smac release. Superoxides 116-118 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 180-186 14523042-4 2003 Both the hyperglycemia-induced decrease in activity of GAPDH and its poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation were prevented by overexpression of either uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) or manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), which decrease hyperglycemia-induced superoxide. Superoxides 177-187 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 199-204 12957657-4 2003 Overexpression of catalase or superoxide dismutase suggested that Fas induced production of both superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 97-113 catalase Homo sapiens 18-26 12925450-1 2003 BACKGROUND: We recently reported that arterial superoxide (O2-) is augmented by increased endothelin-1 (ET-1) in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension, a model of low renin hypertension. Superoxides 47-57 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 90-102 12925450-1 2003 BACKGROUND: We recently reported that arterial superoxide (O2-) is augmented by increased endothelin-1 (ET-1) in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension, a model of low renin hypertension. Superoxides 59-61 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 90-102 12927819-8 2003 Thus, exposure of endothelial cells to Ang II causes a complex response involving generation of superoxide anion, which may be involved in DNA damage. Superoxides 96-112 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 39-45 12957441-3 2003 The plausible mechanisms are that angiotensin II promotes superoxide anion generation, endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and impaired fibrinolysis. Superoxides 58-74 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 34-48 12943965-6 2003 In the presence of 20 microM carotenoid cleavage products, inhibition of superoxide production was accompanied by DNA fragmentation and increased level of intracellular caspase-3 activity. Superoxides 73-83 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 169-178 12944259-6 2003 The simulations show that electrostatic interactions depress the rate of superoxide association with myeloperoxidase, bringing it into the range necessary for oscillatory behavior in activated neutrophils. Superoxides 73-83 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 101-116 12944259-7 2003 Such negative electrostatic steering of enzyme-substrate association presents a novel control mechanism and lies in sharp contrast to the electrostatically-steered fast association of superoxide and Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase, which is also simulated here. Superoxides 184-194 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 199-225 14499878-3 2003 In addition, we investigated the effect of angiotensin II (ANG II) on O(2)(-) production via activation of NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 70-77 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 43-57 14499878-3 2003 In addition, we investigated the effect of angiotensin II (ANG II) on O(2)(-) production via activation of NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 70-77 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 59-65 14499878-13 2003 Although it is not clear which mechanisms are responsible for the increase in NADPH oxidase activity, a role for ANG II-mediated superoxide production via activation of NADPH oxidase is suggested. Superoxides 129-139 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 113-119 14500388-10 2003 We conclude that inhibition of NQO(1) increases intracellular O(2)(.-) production and inhibits the in vitro malignant phenotype of pancreatic cancer. Superoxides 62-66 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 31-37 14527082-6 2003 CYP2E1 is also an effective generator of reactive oxygen species such as the superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide, and in the presence of iron catalysts, produces powerful oxidants such as the hydroxyl radical. Superoxides 77-101 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 12968068-1 2003 Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is an abundant metalloenzyme important in scavenging superoxide ions. Superoxides 7-17 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 29-33 12885792-0 2003 NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide augments endothelin-1-induced venoconstriction in mineralocorticoid hypertension. Superoxides 22-32 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 42-54 12885792-2 2003 We have recently reported that the arterial endothelin-1 (ET-1) level is increased, resulting in NADPH oxidase activation and superoxide generation. Superoxides 126-136 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 44-56 12885792-2 2003 We have recently reported that the arterial endothelin-1 (ET-1) level is increased, resulting in NADPH oxidase activation and superoxide generation. Superoxides 126-136 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 58-62 12885792-3 2003 However, the effect of ET-1 on venous superoxide production and its relation to venoconstriction are unknown. Superoxides 38-48 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 23-27 12885792-4 2003 The present study tested the hypotheses that ET-1 stimulates venous NADPH oxidase and superoxide via its ET(A) receptors, resulting in enhanced venoconstriction in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. Superoxides 86-96 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 45-49 12885792-5 2003 Treatment with ET-1 (0.01 to 1 nmol/L), but not the selective ET(B) receptor agonist sarafotoxin s6c, of vena cavas of normal rats concentration-dependently increased superoxide levels, an effect that was abolished by the selective ET(A) receptor antagonist ABT-627. Superoxides 167-177 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 15-19 12885792-7 2003 Moreover, ET-1 treatment (10(-9) mol/L, 10 minutes) of isolated vena cavas further elevated superoxide levels in DOCA-salt rats only but not sham rats, an effect that was abrogated by the superoxide scavenger tempol. Superoxides 92-102 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 10-14 12885792-7 2003 Moreover, ET-1 treatment (10(-9) mol/L, 10 minutes) of isolated vena cavas further elevated superoxide levels in DOCA-salt rats only but not sham rats, an effect that was abrogated by the superoxide scavenger tempol. Superoxides 188-198 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 10-14 12885792-11 2003 These results suggest that superoxide contributes to ET-1-induced venoconstriction through an elevated venous NADPH oxidase activity in mineralocorticoid hypertension. Superoxides 27-37 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 53-57 12933833-7 2003 Interestingly, casein-elicited PMNs from iNOS(-/-) mice released more superoxide than did WT PMNs when stimulated with P. gingivalis. Superoxides 70-80 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 41-45 14604470-2 2003 RP-1, under in-vitro conditions dose-dependently chelated metal ions, inhibited radiation or metal ion-induced hydroxyl radicals and lipid peroxidation and scavenged superoxide anions. Superoxides 166-183 retinitis pigmentosa 1 (human) Mus musculus 0-4 12928414-3 2003 This increased TNFR expression correlated with an increase in TNF-induced superoxide production. Superoxides 74-84 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 15-18 12788981-2 2003 Enzymatic scavenging of O2*- is carried out by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 24-26 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 47-67 12920210-12 2003 We also found that ERK-mediated cytosolic PLA2 activity is essential for superoxide generation. Superoxides 73-83 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 19-22 12920210-12 2003 We also found that ERK-mediated cytosolic PLA2 activity is essential for superoxide generation. Superoxides 73-83 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 42-46 12788981-2 2003 Enzymatic scavenging of O2*- is carried out by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 24-26 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 69-72 12788981-13 2003 In summary, SOD produces endothelium-dependent pulmonary vascular relaxation by protecting nitric oxide from destruction by O2*-. Superoxides 124-126 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 12-15 12914802-1 2003 Angiotensin II (ANG II)-induced interleukin (IL)-6 synthesis requires NAD(P)H-oxidase-derived superoxide anions. Superoxides 94-111 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 16-22 12815175-0 2003 Inhibition of small-conductance Cl- channels by the interleukin-1beta-stimulated production of superoxide in rabbit gastric parietal cells. Superoxides 95-105 interleukin-1 beta Oryctolagus cuniculus 52-69 12815175-5 2003 The IL-1beta (1 ng ml-1)-induced decrease of the Cl- current was abolished by anti-IL-1beta antibody (2 microg ml-1), recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist (500 ng ml-1), GDPbetaS (500 microM) and superoxide dismutase (100 units ml-1), a scavenger of O2-. Superoxides 250-252 interleukin-1 beta Oryctolagus cuniculus 4-12 12815175-5 2003 The IL-1beta (1 ng ml-1)-induced decrease of the Cl- current was abolished by anti-IL-1beta antibody (2 microg ml-1), recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist (500 ng ml-1), GDPbetaS (500 microM) and superoxide dismutase (100 units ml-1), a scavenger of O2-. Superoxides 250-252 interleukin-1 beta Oryctolagus cuniculus 83-91 12815175-10 2003 These results indicate that IL-1beta binds to the IL-1 receptor of gastric parietal cells and inhibits the small-conductance Cl- channel via the G protein-mediated Rho/Rho-kinase-dependent production of O2-. Superoxides 203-205 interleukin-1 beta Oryctolagus cuniculus 28-36 12748170-3 2003 A further consequence of cytochrome c release is the enhanced mitochondrial production of superoxide radicals (O2. Superoxides 90-109 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 25-37 12748170-3 2003 A further consequence of cytochrome c release is the enhanced mitochondrial production of superoxide radicals (O2. Superoxides 111-113 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 25-37 12934716-1 2003 The transcription of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), expression of which is essential for detoxification of superoxide radicals from mitochondria, has been shown to be regulated in vitro by many factors and conditions including oxidative stress, cytokines, lipopolysaccharide, cytoplasmic myc (c-myc), p53 and tumour necrosis factors. Superoxides 31-41 p53 Drosophila melanogaster 310-313 12967769-5 2003 Thus, at low concentrations of L-arginine iNOS produces both NO and superoxide anions, which results in the increased synthesis of the highly reactive, detrimental oxidant peroxynitrite. Superoxides 68-85 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 42-46 14520547-3 2003 We, therefore investigated if vasospasm, can be prevented by a novel, stable, and cell permeable SOD mimetic, MnTBAP [Mn(III) tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin] which permeates the biological membranes and scavenges superoxide anions and peroxynitrite. Superoxides 218-235 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 97-100 14520547-12 2003 INTERPRETATION: These results suggest that this SOD mimetic (MnTBAP) attenuates delayed cerebral vasoconstriction following experimental SAH and that superoxide anions have a role in the pathogenesis of vasospasm after SAH. Superoxides 150-167 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 48-51 12830400-2 2003 One-fifth of these cases of FALS are associated with mutations in copper/zinc-dependent superoxide dismutase (SOD1), but the gene defect in the remaining 80% of familial cases is, as yet, unknown. Superoxides 88-98 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 110-114 12626343-1 2003 Peroxynitrite, formed by nitric oxide and superoxide, has been shown to nitrate and reduce the function of proinflammatory proteins such as interleukin (IL)-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and eotaxin, but in contrast, to enhance the function of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in reducing IL-1 release from blood monocytes. Superoxides 42-52 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 140-158 12894019-11 2003 Intracellular killing of bacteria increased markedly (P = 0.026) and superoxide generation was enhanced upon exposure to HTS (775.78 +/- 23.6 vs. 696.57 +/- 42.2, P = 0.017) despite inhibition of MAP kinase and NFkappaB activation. Superoxides 69-79 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 211-219 13678532-4 2003 Ang II significantly stimulated superoxide formation in monocytes, as measured by nitro blue tetrazolium reduction assay, as well as the chemotactic response to MCP-1 with the increased expression of CCR2 determined by RT-PCR and western blotting analysis. Superoxides 32-42 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-6 13678532-6 2003 The induction of HO-1 in monocytes suppresses not only Ang II-stimulated superoxide formation, but also Ang II-enhanced chemotactic activity. Superoxides 73-83 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 55-61 12922936-8 2003 The interaction between iNOS and eNOS was reversed by the superoxide scavenger MnTMPyP. Superoxides 58-68 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 24-28 12922936-11 2003 These data provide functional evidence that supplementing L-arginine from the extracellular medium optimises the formation of NO from eNOS and suggests that the impairment of eNOS by iNOS is caused by excess formation of superoxide by NO synthase, which can be prevented by L-arginine. Superoxides 221-231 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 183-187 12909332-8 2003 Pretreatment of SHR rings with catalase and Tiron, a superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) scavenger, increased the relaxant responses to the levels observed in WKY rings whereas pyrogallol, a O(2)(-)-generator, abolished relaxant responses to ACh. Superoxides 53-69 catalase Rattus norvegicus 31-39 12885586-6 2003 In addition, EC-SOD is likely to play an important role in mediating nitric oxide-induced signaling events, since the reaction of superoxide and nitric oxide can interfere with nitric oxide signaling. Superoxides 130-140 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 13-19 12846745-1 2003 BACKGROUND: Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced renal injury is associated with perivascular inflammation, cell proliferation, and increased superoxide production in the vascular wall. Superoxides 137-147 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 12-26 12962151-4 2003 The ROS formation in the AD treatment was evidenced by flow cytometry, and further supported by suppression of caspase-3 activation by superoxide radical-forming enzyme inhibitors (TTFA, rotenone, and DPI). Superoxides 135-145 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 111-120 12739149-9 2003 Under natural conditions, i.e. in the absence of external NADH, this enzyme may provide superoxide (O2*-) (and H2O2 utilized by POD for) *OH production in the cell wall. Superoxides 88-98 peroxidase 1 Zea mays 128-131 12739149-9 2003 Under natural conditions, i.e. in the absence of external NADH, this enzyme may provide superoxide (O2*-) (and H2O2 utilized by POD for) *OH production in the cell wall. Superoxides 100-104 peroxidase 1 Zea mays 128-131 12846745-1 2003 BACKGROUND: Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced renal injury is associated with perivascular inflammation, cell proliferation, and increased superoxide production in the vascular wall. Superoxides 137-147 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 28-34 12871831-10 2003 In aortae from apolipoprotein(E)-deficient mice (apoE(0)) with hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis, superoxide production is largely derived from NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 99-109 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 15-32 12837521-2 2003 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), a critical enzyme in the detoxification of superoxide radicals, was found to be abnormal in TD. Superoxides 71-81 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 12837521-2 2003 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), a critical enzyme in the detoxification of superoxide radicals, was found to be abnormal in TD. Superoxides 71-81 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 12850576-0 2003 Differential role of PTK, ERK and p38 MAPK in superoxide impairment of NMDA cerebrovasodilation. Superoxides 46-56 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 34-37 12880943-4 2003 The formation of superoxide anion via electron transfer to O2 was monitored by optical spectroscopy, using SOD-inhibitable cytochrome c reduction assay. Superoxides 17-33 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 123-135 12823186-6 2003 The experiment was then performed in the presence of superoxide dismutase (SOD) that reduces levels of superoxide anions. Superoxides 103-120 superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Cavia porcellus 53-73 12823186-6 2003 The experiment was then performed in the presence of superoxide dismutase (SOD) that reduces levels of superoxide anions. Superoxides 103-120 superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Cavia porcellus 75-78 12793995-0 2003 Differential role of PTK and ERK MAPK in superoxide impairment of K(ATP) and K(Ca) channel cerebrovasodilation. Superoxides 41-51 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 29-32 12793995-0 2003 Differential role of PTK and ERK MAPK in superoxide impairment of K(ATP) and K(Ca) channel cerebrovasodilation. Superoxides 41-51 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 33-37 12793995-2 2003 This study tested the hypothesis that activation of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) and the ERK isoform of MAPK by O2 - contribute to impairment of KATP and KCa channel PAD. Superoxides 113-115 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 90-93 12793995-2 2003 This study tested the hypothesis that activation of protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) and the ERK isoform of MAPK by O2 - contribute to impairment of KATP and KCa channel PAD. Superoxides 113-115 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 105-109 12793995-5 2003 These data show that PTK and ERK MAPK activation contribute to O2 --induced KATP and KCa channel PAD impairment and suggest a differential greater role for PTK and ERK MAPK in KATP vs. KCa channel PAD impairment. Superoxides 63-65 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 29-32 12793995-5 2003 These data show that PTK and ERK MAPK activation contribute to O2 --induced KATP and KCa channel PAD impairment and suggest a differential greater role for PTK and ERK MAPK in KATP vs. KCa channel PAD impairment. Superoxides 63-65 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 33-37 12793995-5 2003 These data show that PTK and ERK MAPK activation contribute to O2 --induced KATP and KCa channel PAD impairment and suggest a differential greater role for PTK and ERK MAPK in KATP vs. KCa channel PAD impairment. Superoxides 63-65 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 164-167 12793995-5 2003 These data show that PTK and ERK MAPK activation contribute to O2 --induced KATP and KCa channel PAD impairment and suggest a differential greater role for PTK and ERK MAPK in KATP vs. KCa channel PAD impairment. Superoxides 63-65 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 168-172 12763764-6 2003 Tiron, a superoxide scavenger that facilitates H2O2 formation, enhanced bradykinin-induced production of H2O2, as well as the EDHF-mediated relaxations and hyperpolarizations. Superoxides 9-19 kininogen 1 Homo sapiens 72-82 12807725-3 2003 The gas phase of CS contains free radicals such as superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide, which potentially can activate NF-kappaB. Superoxides 51-70 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 144-153 12824263-7 2003 RESULTS: Increased concentrations of glucose or 3-methyL-o-glucose stimulated formation of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide induced protein nitration on tyrosine and increased expression and activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Superoxides 113-123 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 203-236 12810837-2 2003 One of the major factors in the protection from superoxide anions is the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), which catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 48-65 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 102-105 12810837-2 2003 One of the major factors in the protection from superoxide anions is the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD), which catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 48-58 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 102-105 12818576-0 2003 NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide anion mediates angiotensin II-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Superoxides 22-38 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 48-62 12901426-5 2003 Production of superoxide anion and antioxidative enzymes activities, such as glutathione reductase (GSSGR) and catalase (CAT) may be changed during MTB infection in the host. Superoxides 14-30 catalase Homo sapiens 111-119 12901426-5 2003 Production of superoxide anion and antioxidative enzymes activities, such as glutathione reductase (GSSGR) and catalase (CAT) may be changed during MTB infection in the host. Superoxides 14-30 catalase Homo sapiens 121-124 12832676-5 2003 RESULTS: LPS, IL-1alpha, and TNF-alpha promoted the formation of O(2)(*-) from PA compared with untreated controls in a time and dose dependent manner, an effect markedly enhanced by removal of the endothelium but completely inhibited by the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenylene iodonium chloride (DPI). Superoxides 65-69 interleukin 1 alpha Sus scrofa 14-23 12824263-7 2003 RESULTS: Increased concentrations of glucose or 3-methyL-o-glucose stimulated formation of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide induced protein nitration on tyrosine and increased expression and activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Superoxides 113-123 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 238-242 12948415-3 2003 The superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the metallothionien (MT) are the main enzymes to clear the superoxide anion and OH. Superoxides 94-110 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 4-24 12684509-1 2003 Manganous superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-inducible gene product, plays an important role in removing superoxide anions produced inside mitochondria. Superoxides 131-148 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 0-30 12684509-1 2003 Manganous superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-inducible gene product, plays an important role in removing superoxide anions produced inside mitochondria. Superoxides 131-148 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 32-38 12684509-1 2003 Manganous superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-inducible gene product, plays an important role in removing superoxide anions produced inside mitochondria. Superoxides 131-148 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 43-64 12684509-1 2003 Manganous superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-inducible gene product, plays an important role in removing superoxide anions produced inside mitochondria. Superoxides 131-148 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 66-69 12948415-3 2003 The superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the metallothionien (MT) are the main enzymes to clear the superoxide anion and OH. Superoxides 94-110 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 26-29 12663375-0 2003 c-Src induces phosphorylation and translocation of p47phox: role in superoxide generation by angiotensin II in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Superoxides 68-78 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 0-5 12766646-0 2003 Cyclooxygenase-2-dependent superoxide generation contributes to age-dependent impairment of G protein-mediated cerebrovasodilation. Superoxides 27-37 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Sus scrofa 0-16 12766646-1 2003 BACKGROUND: Previous studies have observed that activation of cyclooxygenase-2 contributes to generation of superoxide anion after fluid percussion brain injury (FPI). Superoxides 108-124 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Sus scrofa 62-78 12663375-0 2003 c-Src induces phosphorylation and translocation of p47phox: role in superoxide generation by angiotensin II in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Superoxides 68-78 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 93-107 12663375-13 2003 CONCLUSIONS: c-Src regulates NAD(P)H oxidase-derived *O2- generation acutely by stimulating p47phox phosphorylation and translocation and chronically by increasing protein content of gp91phox, p22phox, and p47phox in Ang II-stimulated cells. Superoxides 54-56 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 13-18 12906741-1 2003 Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD, SOD2) is an inducible antioxidant localized to the mitochondria, which have been shown to be both the sites of superoxide anion (O(2)*-)) production and the target of free radical attacks. Superoxides 151-167 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 0-30 12766646-2 2003 This study was designed to characterize the effects of FPI on the vascular activity of two activators of a pertussis toxin-sensitive G protein, mastoparan and mastoparan-7, and the role of cyclooxygenase-2-dependent superoxide anion generation in such effects as a function of age. Superoxides 216-232 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Sus scrofa 189-205 12766646-7 2003 CONCLUSIONS: These data show that G protein activation elicits cerebrovasodilation that is blunted following FPI in an age-dependent manner, and suggest that cyclooxygenase-2-dependent superoxide anion generation contributes to G protein activation-induced dilator impairment after the insult in an age-dependent manner. Superoxides 185-201 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Sus scrofa 158-174 12757846-4 2003 In the present study, we show that superoxide generated in several enzymatic or chemical systems (e.g., xanthine/xanthine oxidase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, or potassium superoxide) oxidizes HE to a fluorescent product (excitation, 480 nm; emission, 567 nm) that is totally different from E+. Superoxides 35-45 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 131-164 12835897-6 2003 activation of 10(6) PMN by fMLP (0.1 microM) and cytochalasin B (0.1 microM) resulted in production of both the estrolytic ("elastolytic") activity and superoxide, (ii). Superoxides 152-162 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 27-31 12771544-2 2003 Recently, treatment with a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor which generally inhibits PKC isoforms has been shown to modulate several eosinophil functions in distinct manners, in that PKC inhibition enhanced CD11b expression and cellular adhesion, but inhibited superoxide generation and degranulation in PAF-stimulated human eosinophils. Superoxides 261-271 protein kinase C alpha Homo sapiens 45-48 12771544-2 2003 Recently, treatment with a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor which generally inhibits PKC isoforms has been shown to modulate several eosinophil functions in distinct manners, in that PKC inhibition enhanced CD11b expression and cellular adhesion, but inhibited superoxide generation and degranulation in PAF-stimulated human eosinophils. Superoxides 261-271 protein kinase C alpha Homo sapiens 85-88 12771544-2 2003 Recently, treatment with a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor which generally inhibits PKC isoforms has been shown to modulate several eosinophil functions in distinct manners, in that PKC inhibition enhanced CD11b expression and cellular adhesion, but inhibited superoxide generation and degranulation in PAF-stimulated human eosinophils. Superoxides 261-271 protein kinase C alpha Homo sapiens 85-88 12870835-6 2003 Superoxide anion generation was measured by reduction of cytochrome c. Superoxides 0-16 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 57-69 12906741-1 2003 Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD, SOD2) is an inducible antioxidant localized to the mitochondria, which have been shown to be both the sites of superoxide anion (O(2)*-)) production and the target of free radical attacks. Superoxides 151-167 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 32-38 12906741-1 2003 Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD, SOD2) is an inducible antioxidant localized to the mitochondria, which have been shown to be both the sites of superoxide anion (O(2)*-)) production and the target of free radical attacks. Superoxides 151-167 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 40-44 12906741-1 2003 Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD, SOD2) is an inducible antioxidant localized to the mitochondria, which have been shown to be both the sites of superoxide anion (O(2)*-)) production and the target of free radical attacks. Superoxides 169-176 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 0-30 12906741-1 2003 Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD, SOD2) is an inducible antioxidant localized to the mitochondria, which have been shown to be both the sites of superoxide anion (O(2)*-)) production and the target of free radical attacks. Superoxides 169-176 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 32-38 12906741-1 2003 Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD, SOD2) is an inducible antioxidant localized to the mitochondria, which have been shown to be both the sites of superoxide anion (O(2)*-)) production and the target of free radical attacks. Superoxides 169-176 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 40-44 12738898-6 2003 Production of superoxide anion was assessed by the hydroethidine method in both wild-type mice and SOD1 Tg mice. Superoxides 14-30 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 99-103 12732715-5 2003 Manipulation of LOL1 expression alters both the superoxide-dependent, runaway cell death phenotype of lsd1 plants and the normal HR. Superoxides 48-58 lsd one like 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 16-20 12531810-2 2003 Because the accumulation of superoxide (O(2)-) by inhibition of SOD depends on the cellular generation of O(2)-, we hypothesized that the endogenous production of superoxide may be a critical factor that affects the antileukemia activity of 2-ME. Superoxides 28-38 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 64-67 12531810-2 2003 Because the accumulation of superoxide (O(2)-) by inhibition of SOD depends on the cellular generation of O(2)-, we hypothesized that the endogenous production of superoxide may be a critical factor that affects the antileukemia activity of 2-ME. Superoxides 40-44 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 64-67 12531810-2 2003 Because the accumulation of superoxide (O(2)-) by inhibition of SOD depends on the cellular generation of O(2)-, we hypothesized that the endogenous production of superoxide may be a critical factor that affects the antileukemia activity of 2-ME. Superoxides 106-110 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 64-67 12531810-2 2003 Because the accumulation of superoxide (O(2)-) by inhibition of SOD depends on the cellular generation of O(2)-, we hypothesized that the endogenous production of superoxide may be a critical factor that affects the antileukemia activity of 2-ME. Superoxides 163-173 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 64-67 12734380-4 2003 Inhibition of Akt activity in human neutrophils by an inhibitory peptide significantly attenuated fMLP-stimulated, but not PMA-stimulated, superoxide release. Superoxides 139-149 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 14-17 12770950-12 2003 9 It is suggested that in rabbit mesenteric resistance arteries, SOD increases the ACh-induced, endothelium-dependent relaxation by enhancing the action of NO in the smooth muscle via its H(2)O(2)-producing action (rather than via a superoxide-scavenging action). Superoxides 233-243 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 65-68 12772802-6 2003 These changes were prevented by inhibiting XO by allopurinol or scavenging superoxide by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 75-85 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 89-109 12772802-6 2003 These changes were prevented by inhibiting XO by allopurinol or scavenging superoxide by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 75-85 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 111-114 12797479-0 2003 Grape and grape seed extract capacities at protecting LDL against oxidation generated by Cu2+, AAPH or SIN-1 and at decreasing superoxide THP-1 cell production. Superoxides 127-137 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 138-143 12797479-7 2003 Among the PP fractions, B was the most effective at protecting LDL in the SIN-1 system and at impairing THP-1 superoxide production. Superoxides 110-120 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 104-109 12714867-1 2003 OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)H) oxidase and the increase of superoxide anion production by angiotensin II is dependent upon the activation of the ERK-MAPK pathway. Superoxides 132-148 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 163-177 12714867-7 2003 A correlation between the superoxide anion production and the ERK-MAPK activity was also observed. Superoxides 26-42 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 62-65 12714867-8 2003 CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that the NAD(P)H-dependent increase of the superoxide anion production in the vascular tissue following a treatment with angiotensin II is dependent on the activation of the ERK-MAPK pathway. Superoxides 83-99 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 161-175 12714867-8 2003 CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggests that the NAD(P)H-dependent increase of the superoxide anion production in the vascular tissue following a treatment with angiotensin II is dependent on the activation of the ERK-MAPK pathway. Superoxides 83-99 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 214-217 12606638-0 2003 Rac1 and superoxide are required for the expression of cell adhesion molecules induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha in endothelial cells. Superoxides 9-19 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 90-117 12902640-7 2003 The endothelial dysfunction in apoE(0) mice is associated with hyperlipidemia and increased vascular oxidative stress measured as increased superoxide production. Superoxides 140-150 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 31-35 12694301-5 2003 Radical (i.e., superoxide) (O2-) formation in response to oxLDL is associated with p53, as well as HIF-1 alpha accumulation in human macrophages, a process that is antagonized by NO. Superoxides 15-25 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 83-86 12694301-5 2003 Radical (i.e., superoxide) (O2-) formation in response to oxLDL is associated with p53, as well as HIF-1 alpha accumulation in human macrophages, a process that is antagonized by NO. Superoxides 15-25 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 99-110 12694301-5 2003 Radical (i.e., superoxide) (O2-) formation in response to oxLDL is associated with p53, as well as HIF-1 alpha accumulation in human macrophages, a process that is antagonized by NO. Superoxides 28-30 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 83-86 12694301-5 2003 Radical (i.e., superoxide) (O2-) formation in response to oxLDL is associated with p53, as well as HIF-1 alpha accumulation in human macrophages, a process that is antagonized by NO. Superoxides 28-30 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 99-110 12694301-6 2003 On the other side, NO-elicited HIF-1 alpha stabilization is modulated by O2-. Superoxides 73-75 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 31-42 12657742-11 2003 These data show that TRI alters hsp90 interactions with eNOS and induces eNOS to shift from NO to O2- generation. Superoxides 98-100 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 73-77 12628745-4 2003 When NO and superoxide are generated at equal fluxes the resulting peroxynitrite can cause tyrosine nitrations (e.g. prostacyclin synthase inhibition) or oxidations of zinc-fingers in proteins, indicating a new messenger function. Superoxides 12-22 prostaglandin I2 synthase Homo sapiens 117-138 12466152-3 2003 In interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-stimulated hepatocytes exposed to superoxide, we demonstrate that hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha (HNF-4alpha) acts as an activator of redox-associated hepatocyte iNOS expression at the level of protein, mRNA, and promoter activation. Superoxides 66-76 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 3-20 12466152-3 2003 In interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-stimulated hepatocytes exposed to superoxide, we demonstrate that hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha (HNF-4alpha) acts as an activator of redox-associated hepatocyte iNOS expression at the level of protein, mRNA, and promoter activation. Superoxides 66-76 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 22-30 12466152-3 2003 In interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-stimulated hepatocytes exposed to superoxide, we demonstrate that hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha (HNF-4alpha) acts as an activator of redox-associated hepatocyte iNOS expression at the level of protein, mRNA, and promoter activation. Superoxides 66-76 hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha Homo sapiens 98-130 12466152-3 2003 In interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-stimulated hepatocytes exposed to superoxide, we demonstrate that hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha (HNF-4alpha) acts as an activator of redox-associated hepatocyte iNOS expression at the level of protein, mRNA, and promoter activation. Superoxides 66-76 hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha Homo sapiens 132-142 12466152-3 2003 In interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-stimulated hepatocytes exposed to superoxide, we demonstrate that hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha (HNF-4alpha) acts as an activator of redox-associated hepatocyte iNOS expression at the level of protein, mRNA, and promoter activation. Superoxides 66-76 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 196-200 12616485-0 2003 Superoxide activates very late antigen-4 on an eosinophil cell line and increases cellular binding to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Superoxides 0-10 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 102-135 12665482-2 2003 When uncoupled from essential cofactors, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) produces O2*-. Superoxides 91-95 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 41-74 12665482-2 2003 When uncoupled from essential cofactors, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) produces O2*-. Superoxides 91-95 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 76-80 12665482-5 2003 When eNOS is functioning normally, incorporation of Nomega-Nitro-L-Arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 1 mmol/L), results in increased O2*- detection, as inhibition of NO production prevents NO scavenging of O2*-. Superoxides 130-132 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 5-9 12665482-7 2003 In the remaining 9 CCF patients, incorporation of L-NAME reduced O2*- production by 39%, indicating O2*- production by eNOS uncoupling. Superoxides 100-104 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 119-123 12559815-4 2003 The antioxidant capacities of each biomaterial were assessed by their inhibition of O(2)*- -induced cytochrome C reduction, generated via PMN stimulation by phorbol myristyl acetate (PMA); and their inhibition of *OH-induced 2-deoxy-D-ribose degradation, generated by PMA stimulated PMN in the presence of a ferric chloride-EDTA chelate. Superoxides 84-89 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 100-112 12711629-22 2003 This effect may be attributable to the ability of TNF to increase levels of superoxide anions (O(2)(-)) and the ability of O(2)(-) to inactivate NO. Superoxides 76-93 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 50-53 12711629-22 2003 This effect may be attributable to the ability of TNF to increase levels of superoxide anions (O(2)(-)) and the ability of O(2)(-) to inactivate NO. Superoxides 95-99 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 50-53 12824912-2 2003 We found that the addition of either catalase or superoxide dismutase (SOD) to a culture medium of MDA-MB-435S cells almost completely abolished the cytotoxic effect of 5-S-GAD, indicating that both hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and the superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) are involved in the cytotoxic action of 5-S-GAD. Superoxides 236-252 catalase Homo sapiens 37-45 12824912-2 2003 We found that the addition of either catalase or superoxide dismutase (SOD) to a culture medium of MDA-MB-435S cells almost completely abolished the cytotoxic effect of 5-S-GAD, indicating that both hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and the superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) are involved in the cytotoxic action of 5-S-GAD. Superoxides 222-226 catalase Homo sapiens 37-45 12731668-0 2003 Serine protease inhibitors inhibit superoxide release and adherence in human neutrophils stimulated by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Superoxides 35-45 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 0-15 12731668-0 2003 Serine protease inhibitors inhibit superoxide release and adherence in human neutrophils stimulated by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Superoxides 35-45 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 156-183 12731668-1 2003 Stimulation of human neutrophils with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) results in increased superoxide (O2-) release and adherence. Superoxides 154-164 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 99-126 12731668-1 2003 Stimulation of human neutrophils with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) results in increased superoxide (O2-) release and adherence. Superoxides 154-164 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 128-131 12731668-1 2003 Stimulation of human neutrophils with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) results in increased superoxide (O2-) release and adherence. Superoxides 166-168 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 99-126 12731668-1 2003 Stimulation of human neutrophils with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) results in increased superoxide (O2-) release and adherence. Superoxides 166-168 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 128-131 12731668-2 2003 O2- release and adherence are dependent on activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Superoxides 0-2 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 57-94 12731668-2 2003 O2- release and adherence are dependent on activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Superoxides 0-2 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 96-99 12731668-2 2003 O2- release and adherence are dependent on activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Superoxides 0-2 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 105-141 12731668-2 2003 O2- release and adherence are dependent on activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Superoxides 0-2 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 143-147 12731668-5 2003 On the other hand, GM-CSF- or TNF-induced phosphorylation of ERK and p38 MAPK was unaffected by these inhibitors at the concentrations effective for the inhibition of O2- release and adherence. Superoxides 167-169 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 30-33 12640213-2 2003 The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the atypical antipsychotic drug risperidone on blood superoxide dismutase (SOD), a critical enzyme in the detoxification of superoxide radicals, and to explore the relationship between changes in SOD and the therapeutic outcome. Superoxides 112-122 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 134-137 12693801-4 2003 SA release from peripheral PMN was measured spectrophotometrically as the superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitable reduction of cytochrome c. Superoxides 0-2 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 126-138 12633754-7 2003 Furthermore, increased capacity of MPM from PON1(0) and PON1(0)/E(0) mice to oxidize LDL (by 40% and by 19%, respectively) and to release superoxide anions was observed. Superoxides 138-155 paraoxonase 1 Mus musculus 44-48 12633754-7 2003 Furthermore, increased capacity of MPM from PON1(0) and PON1(0)/E(0) mice to oxidize LDL (by 40% and by 19%, respectively) and to release superoxide anions was observed. Superoxides 138-155 paraoxonase 1 Mus musculus 56-60 12633754-11 2003 Upon incubation of PON1(0)/E(0) derived macrophages with human PON1 (7.5 arylesterase units/ml), cellular peroxides content was decreased by 18%, macrophage superoxide anion release was decreased by 33%, and macrophage-mediated oxidation of LDL was reduced by 22%. Superoxides 157-173 paraoxonase 1 Homo sapiens 19-23 12633754-11 2003 Upon incubation of PON1(0)/E(0) derived macrophages with human PON1 (7.5 arylesterase units/ml), cellular peroxides content was decreased by 18%, macrophage superoxide anion release was decreased by 33%, and macrophage-mediated oxidation of LDL was reduced by 22%. Superoxides 157-173 paraoxonase 1 Homo sapiens 63-67 12615354-10 2003 (3) In the complexes formed, cytochrome c becomes autoxidizable; its reduction by superoxide or ascorbate as well as its operation as electron carrier between the outer and inner mitochondrial membranes appear to be inhibited. Superoxides 82-92 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 29-41 12615666-8 2003 In vitro incubation (18 hours) of HHcy arteries with anti-TNF-alpha antibody decreased O2*- production, whereas incubation of control vessels with TNF-alpha increased O2*- generation and nox1 expression. Superoxides 87-89 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 58-67 12615666-8 2003 In vitro incubation (18 hours) of HHcy arteries with anti-TNF-alpha antibody decreased O2*- production, whereas incubation of control vessels with TNF-alpha increased O2*- generation and nox1 expression. Superoxides 167-169 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 147-156 12570724-3 2003 The fMLP-receptor interaction activates multiple transduction pathways responsible for various neutrophil functions such as adhesion, chemotaxis, exocytosis of secretory granules and superoxide anion production, which represent the physiological response to bacterial infection and tissue damage. Superoxides 183-199 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 4-17 12623976-0 2003 Vasopressin induces vascular superoxide via endothelin-1 in mineralocorticoid hypertension. Superoxides 29-39 arginine vasopressin Rattus norvegicus 0-11 12623976-0 2003 Vasopressin induces vascular superoxide via endothelin-1 in mineralocorticoid hypertension. Superoxides 29-39 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 44-56 12623976-1 2003 We have recently reported that endothelin-1 (ET-1), which is increased in the arteries of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats, stimulates superoxide production. Superoxides 160-170 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 31-43 12623976-1 2003 We have recently reported that endothelin-1 (ET-1), which is increased in the arteries of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats, stimulates superoxide production. Superoxides 160-170 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 45-49 12623976-2 2003 However, the humoral mechanisms responsible for ET-1-induced superoxide formation in low-renin models of hypertension, such as DOCA-salt hypertension, remain undefined. Superoxides 61-71 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 48-52 12623976-4 2003 The present study tested the hypothesis that vasopressin contributes to ET-1-induced vascular superoxide production in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. Superoxides 94-104 arginine vasopressin Rattus norvegicus 45-56 12623976-4 2003 The present study tested the hypothesis that vasopressin contributes to ET-1-induced vascular superoxide production in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. Superoxides 94-104 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 72-76 12623976-6 2003 In vitro vasopressin treatment of carotid arteries from normal rats for 24 hours, but not 4 hours, increased both ET-1 and superoxide levels. Superoxides 123-133 arginine vasopressin Rattus norvegicus 9-20 12623976-7 2003 The increase of vasopressin-induced superoxide was reduced by pretreatment of the vessels with ABT627, a selective ETA receptor antagonist ABT627. Superoxides 36-46 arginine vasopressin Rattus norvegicus 16-27 12623976-10 2003 These results suggest that vasopressin increases vascular superoxide levels by stimulating ET-1 formation in mineralocorticoid hypertension, and that V1-vasopressin receptors play an important role in this process. Superoxides 58-68 arginine vasopressin Rattus norvegicus 27-38 12623976-10 2003 These results suggest that vasopressin increases vascular superoxide levels by stimulating ET-1 formation in mineralocorticoid hypertension, and that V1-vasopressin receptors play an important role in this process. Superoxides 58-68 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 91-95 12668130-3 2003 Recombinant adenoviruses expressing Cu/ZnSOD or MnSOD were utilized to modulate superoxide levels in the cytoplasmic or mitochondrial compartments, respectively, prior to coronary artery I/R injury in the rat heart. Superoxides 80-90 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 36-44 12630530-3 2003 In the host infected by endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), the expression and release of proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) rapidly increases, and the formation of free radicals (e.g., superoxide anion [O2*-] and nitric oxide [NO*] in the present study) are inevitably overproduced. Superoxides 208-224 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 136-145 12630530-3 2003 In the host infected by endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), the expression and release of proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) rapidly increases, and the formation of free radicals (e.g., superoxide anion [O2*-] and nitric oxide [NO*] in the present study) are inevitably overproduced. Superoxides 226-229 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 107-134 12630530-3 2003 In the host infected by endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS), the expression and release of proinflammatory tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) rapidly increases, and the formation of free radicals (e.g., superoxide anion [O2*-] and nitric oxide [NO*] in the present study) are inevitably overproduced. Superoxides 226-229 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 136-145 12600921-0 2003 Endothelin-1 increases vascular superoxide via endothelin(A)-NADPH oxidase pathway in low-renin hypertension. Superoxides 32-42 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-12 12600921-1 2003 BACKGROUND: Angiotensin II-induced hypertension is associated with NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent superoxide production in the vessel wall. Superoxides 93-103 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 12-26 12600921-4 2003 METHODS AND RESULTS: This study investigated (1) whether and how endothelin-1 (ET-1), which is increased in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats, contributes to arterial superoxide generation and (2) the effect of gene transfer of manganese superoxide dismutase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Superoxides 161-171 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 65-77 12600921-4 2003 METHODS AND RESULTS: This study investigated (1) whether and how endothelin-1 (ET-1), which is increased in DOCA-salt hypertensive rats, contributes to arterial superoxide generation and (2) the effect of gene transfer of manganese superoxide dismutase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Superoxides 161-171 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 79-83 12600921-6 2003 ET-1 concentration-dependently stimulated superoxide production in vitro in carotid arteries of normotensive rats. Superoxides 42-52 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 12600921-7 2003 The increase in arterial superoxide in both ET-1-treated normotensive and DOCA-salt rats was reversed by a selective ET(A) receptor antagonist, ABT-627, the flavoprotein inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium, and the NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin but not by the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(omega)-L-arginine methyl ester or the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol. Superoxides 25-35 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 44-48 12600921-10 2003 CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that ET-1 augments vascular superoxide production at least in part via an ET(A)/NADPH oxidase pathway in low-renin mineralocorticoid hypertension. Superoxides 64-74 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 41-45 12595345-9 2003 Ang II-mediated inhibition was not observed in the presence of L-NMMA or after endothelial removal but was prevented by losartan, superoxide scavenger TEMPOL, or NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin. Superoxides 130-140 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-6 12595345-10 2003 Dihydroethidium staining showed that Ang II elicited losartan- and TEMPOL-sensitive superoxide production in arterioles. Superoxides 84-94 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 37-43 12595345-12 2003 Ang II at a subvasomotor level impairs endothelium-dependent NO-mediated dilation attributable to elevated superoxide production via AT1 receptor activation of NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 107-117 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-6 12591747-3 2003 This avenue of investigation was based on recent reports suggesting that hsp90 modulates NOS production of *NO and O2-. Superoxides 115-117 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Rattus norvegicus 73-78 12475976-2 2003 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes consists of a membrane-associated flavocytochrome b(559) and four cytosolic components as follows: p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (1 or 2). Superoxides 4-14 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 172-175 12473664-9 2003 In conclusion, NOX1 is a superoxide-generating enzyme that is activated by two novel proteins, which we propose to name NOXO1 (NOX organizer 1) and NOXA1 (NOX activator 1). Superoxides 25-35 NADPH oxidase activator 1 Homo sapiens 148-153 12473664-9 2003 In conclusion, NOX1 is a superoxide-generating enzyme that is activated by two novel proteins, which we propose to name NOXO1 (NOX organizer 1) and NOXA1 (NOX activator 1). Superoxides 25-35 NADPH oxidase activator 1 Homo sapiens 155-170 12475976-2 2003 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes consists of a membrane-associated flavocytochrome b(559) and four cytosolic components as follows: p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (1 or 2). Superoxides 4-14 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 215-218 12575983-6 2003 The increase in intracellular concentration of O2.- was followed by a dose-dependent reduction in basal and bradykinin-induced intracellular NO concentration (p from <0.01 to <0.001). Superoxides 47-49 kininogen 1 Homo sapiens 108-118 12590362-5 2003 The addition of HA into a reaction system has been shown to generate superoxide in a dose-dependent manner by the superoxide dismutase-inhibitable cytochrome c reduction assay. Superoxides 69-79 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 147-159 12584172-5 2003 RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with LPS and IFN-gamma produced O(2)(-), nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) continuously for 5-25 h. There was a 2.0-fold increase in the mutation frequency of the gpt gene in AS52 cells co-cultured with TPA stimulated HL-60 cells, when compared with non-treated cells. Superoxides 59-63 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 32-35 12584172-5 2003 RAW 264.7 cells stimulated with LPS and IFN-gamma produced O(2)(-), nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) continuously for 5-25 h. There was a 2.0-fold increase in the mutation frequency of the gpt gene in AS52 cells co-cultured with TPA stimulated HL-60 cells, when compared with non-treated cells. Superoxides 59-63 interferon gamma Mus musculus 40-49 12524405-6 2003 Extracellular O(2)(-) production was measured by the cytochrome c reduction assay or luminol enhanced luminescence. Superoxides 14-21 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 53-65 12522148-11 2003 It is intriguing that 8-nitroguanosine markedly stimulated superoxide generation from cytochrome P450 reductase and iNOS in vitro. Superoxides 59-69 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 116-120 12521608-2 2003 Increased expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) has been shown to play an important role in maintaining high levels of (*)NO generation to offset the increase in O(2)(*-) that occurs during proliferation. Superoxides 179-183 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 24-57 12505201-7 2003 The signal obtained in PEC from TLR4-sufficient mice was completely abrogated by superoxide dismutase (SOD), which indicated that the response depended on the formation of superoxide anion, and was also seen in purified neutrophils but not purified macrophages (Mphi). Superoxides 172-188 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 32-36 12524222-1 2003 OBJECTIVE: Angiotensin II (AII) has been shown to increase endothelial NAD(P)H oxidase activity, which is a source of superoxide anion that in turn may induce the formation of peroxynitrite. Superoxides 118-134 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 11-25 12524222-1 2003 OBJECTIVE: Angiotensin II (AII) has been shown to increase endothelial NAD(P)H oxidase activity, which is a source of superoxide anion that in turn may induce the formation of peroxynitrite. Superoxides 118-134 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 27-30 12524232-7 2003 Insulin reduced mouse peritoneal macrophage (MPM) lipid peroxides content and superoxide anion release by up to 44% and 62%, respectively (P<0.01). Superoxides 78-94 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 14757966-9 2003 Substances such as nicotinamide, allopurinol and pentoxifylline reduce superoxide- or hydrogen peroxide-induced proliferation of fibroblasts, GAG production and HLA-DR or HSP-72 expression by GO orbital fibroblasts, possibly through scavenging oxygen free radicals. Superoxides 71-81 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1A Homo sapiens 171-177 12483106-1 2003 Rac plays a central role in regulating neutrophil responses to inflammatory signals, including actin remodeling, chemotaxis, and superoxide production by the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. Superoxides 129-139 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 12589775-9 2003 When nPG at low concentrations (nM to microM) was mixed with a large excess of O(2)(-)*, the superoxide signal was destroyed as indicated by UV visible spectroscopy and EPR. Superoxides 79-83 OPA1 mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase Homo sapiens 5-8 12589775-9 2003 When nPG at low concentrations (nM to microM) was mixed with a large excess of O(2)(-)*, the superoxide signal was destroyed as indicated by UV visible spectroscopy and EPR. Superoxides 93-103 OPA1 mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase Homo sapiens 5-8 12589775-10 2003 Kinetic analysis indicated that nPG dismutated O(2)(-)* in repetitive additions of superoxide with little loss of activity. Superoxides 83-93 OPA1 mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase Homo sapiens 32-35 12589775-14 2003 The evidence indicates that nPG dismutates the superoxide ion in a catalytic manner. Superoxides 47-57 OPA1 mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase Homo sapiens 28-31 12595898-2 2003 The high-affinity fMLP receptor (FPR1) of phagocytic cells interacts with bacterial fMLP and mediates chemotaxis, degranulation, and superoxide production. Superoxides 133-143 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 18-31 12595898-2 2003 The high-affinity fMLP receptor (FPR1) of phagocytic cells interacts with bacterial fMLP and mediates chemotaxis, degranulation, and superoxide production. Superoxides 133-143 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 33-37 12595898-2 2003 The high-affinity fMLP receptor (FPR1) of phagocytic cells interacts with bacterial fMLP and mediates chemotaxis, degranulation, and superoxide production. Superoxides 133-143 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 18-22 12496163-1 2003 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an enzyme that converts superoxide radicals into hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen and has been shown to contribute to the virulence of many human-pathogenic bacteria through its ability to neutralize toxic levels of reactive oxygen species generated by the host. Superoxides 54-64 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 12496163-1 2003 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an enzyme that converts superoxide radicals into hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen and has been shown to contribute to the virulence of many human-pathogenic bacteria through its ability to neutralize toxic levels of reactive oxygen species generated by the host. Superoxides 54-64 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 12767264-4 2003 The respiratory burst was measured as superoxide anion release by the cytochrome c reduction test and plasma membrane potential was modulated by experimental changes of the extracellular potassium concentration. Superoxides 38-54 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 70-82 12472772-7 2003 Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-primed neutrophils released 26.7 +/- 2.8 nmol O2-/0.75 x 106 PMN/45 min and 10 micromol/L simvastatin reduced this amount to 18.0 +/- 2.1 nmol. Superoxides 86-88 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-27 12472772-7 2003 Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-primed neutrophils released 26.7 +/- 2.8 nmol O2-/0.75 x 106 PMN/45 min and 10 micromol/L simvastatin reduced this amount to 18.0 +/- 2.1 nmol. Superoxides 86-88 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 29-38 14715442-7 2003 Remarkably, we found that those oligodendrocytes displaying bipolar morphology following kainate exposure, also expressed the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity, suggesting that peroxynitrite could be formed by the reaction of nitric oxide with superoxide. Superoxides 292-302 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 167-171 12482932-1 2002 More than 100 point mutations of the superoxide scavenger Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC ) have been associated with the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Superoxides 37-47 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 58-84 12482932-1 2002 More than 100 point mutations of the superoxide scavenger Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC ) have been associated with the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Superoxides 37-47 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 86-89 12384495-4 2002 W-54011 also inhibited C5a-induced intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization, chemotaxis, and generation of reactive super oxide species in human neutrophils with IC(50) values of 3.1, 2.7, and 1.6 nm, respectively. Superoxides 109-120 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 23-26 12471136-0 2002 Repression of rac2 mRNA expression by Anaplasma phagocytophila is essential to the inhibition of superoxide production and bacterial proliferation. Superoxides 97-107 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 14-18 12372827-2 2002 Superoxide activates nucleotide-sensitive mitochondrial proton transport through the uncoupling proteins UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3 (Echtay, K. S., et al. Superoxides 0-10 uncoupling protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 105-109 12372827-4 2002 Two possible mechanisms were proposed: direct activation of the UCP proton transport mechanism by superoxide or its products and a cycle of hydroperoxyl radical entry coupled to UCP-catalyzed superoxide anion export. Superoxides 98-108 uncoupling protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 64-67 12372827-4 2002 Two possible mechanisms were proposed: direct activation of the UCP proton transport mechanism by superoxide or its products and a cycle of hydroperoxyl radical entry coupled to UCP-catalyzed superoxide anion export. Superoxides 192-208 uncoupling protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 178-181 12456638-0 2002 The adaptor protein p40(phox) as a positive regulator of the superoxide-producing phagocyte oxidase. Superoxides 61-71 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 24-28 15981946-3 2003 PKC may have multiple adverse effects on vascular function, including the activation of superoxide-producing enzymes such as the nicotinamide adenine dinicleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase as well as increased expression of a dysfunctional, superoxide-producing, uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS III). Superoxides 88-98 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 15981946-3 2003 PKC may have multiple adverse effects on vascular function, including the activation of superoxide-producing enzymes such as the nicotinamide adenine dinicleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase as well as increased expression of a dysfunctional, superoxide-producing, uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS III). Superoxides 241-251 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 15981946-4 2003 PKC-mediated superoxide production may inactivate nitric oxide (NO) derived from endothelial NOS III, but also may inhibit the activity and/or expression of the NO downstream target, the soluble guanylyl cyclase. Superoxides 13-23 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 15981946-4 2003 PKC-mediated superoxide production may inactivate nitric oxide (NO) derived from endothelial NOS III, but also may inhibit the activity and/or expression of the NO downstream target, the soluble guanylyl cyclase. Superoxides 13-23 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 93-100 12370493-0 2002 Intracellular superoxide induces apoptosis in VSMCs: role of mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome C and caspases. Superoxides 14-24 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 95-107 12456638-1 2002 Activation of the superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase, crucial in host defense, requires the cytosolic proteins p67(phox) and p47(phox). Superoxides 18-28 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 121-124 12456638-1 2002 Activation of the superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase, crucial in host defense, requires the cytosolic proteins p67(phox) and p47(phox). Superoxides 18-28 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 125-129 12456638-1 2002 Activation of the superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase, crucial in host defense, requires the cytosolic proteins p67(phox) and p47(phox). Superoxides 18-28 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 139-143 12456638-4 2002 Here we show that p40(phox) enhances membrane translocation of p67(phox) and p47(phox) in stimulated cells, which leads to facilitated production of superoxide. Superoxides 149-159 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 22-26 12456638-4 2002 Here we show that p40(phox) enhances membrane translocation of p67(phox) and p47(phox) in stimulated cells, which leads to facilitated production of superoxide. Superoxides 149-159 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 63-66 12456638-4 2002 Here we show that p40(phox) enhances membrane translocation of p67(phox) and p47(phox) in stimulated cells, which leads to facilitated production of superoxide. Superoxides 149-159 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 67-71 12456638-4 2002 Here we show that p40(phox) enhances membrane translocation of p67(phox) and p47(phox) in stimulated cells, which leads to facilitated production of superoxide. Superoxides 149-159 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 67-71 12573139-3 2002 Angiotensin II has been shown to activate the vascular NAD(P)H oxidase(s) resulting in the production of reactive oxygen species, namely superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 137-147 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-14 12573143-8 2002 Generation of superoxide detected by hydroethidine, but not hydrogen peroxide detected by dehydrorhodamine 123, was transiently increased by TNF in both of the cells. Superoxides 14-24 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 141-144 12390298-10 2002 Because Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a zinc-containing enzyme and superoxide is a potent scavenger of nitric oxide (NO), a vasodilator, we hypothesized that one of the mechanisms by which ZD increases RVR is by decreasing NO bioavailability by the enhanced formation of superoxide due to low Cu/Zn SOD activity. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 36-39 12390298-10 2002 Because Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a zinc-containing enzyme and superoxide is a potent scavenger of nitric oxide (NO), a vasodilator, we hypothesized that one of the mechanisms by which ZD increases RVR is by decreasing NO bioavailability by the enhanced formation of superoxide due to low Cu/Zn SOD activity. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 299-308 12390298-10 2002 Because Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a zinc-containing enzyme and superoxide is a potent scavenger of nitric oxide (NO), a vasodilator, we hypothesized that one of the mechanisms by which ZD increases RVR is by decreasing NO bioavailability by the enhanced formation of superoxide due to low Cu/Zn SOD activity. Superoxides 73-83 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 299-308 12390298-13 2002 Administration of the SOD mimetic tempol (5 mg/kg per min) decreased RVR to a significantly greater extent in ZD rats compared with control, suggesting that superoxide was responsible for the mechanism. Superoxides 157-167 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 22-25 12573143-10 2002 These results indicate that the increase in superoxide generation might be involved in TNF-induced, but not in constitutive, NF-kappaB activation. Superoxides 44-54 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 87-90 12558193-6 2002 RESULTS: Although FMLP-activated generation of inositol triphosphate and mobilisation of Ca2+ from neutrophil internal stores, as well as the magnitude of the subsequent efflux and store-operated influx of the cation were unaffected by ADA, there was a prolonged elevation in cytosolic Ca2+ in the presence of the enzyme, which was associated with failure to activate adenylate cyclase and with increased production of superoxide and release of elastase. Superoxides 419-429 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 18-22 12444147-7 2002 Changes in cell polarization and the augmentation of the fMLP-induced superoxide anion generation, by all priming agents were also inhibited by DMS, while only the superoxide anion release was blocked by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002. Superoxides 70-86 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 57-61 12444147-7 2002 Changes in cell polarization and the augmentation of the fMLP-induced superoxide anion generation, by all priming agents were also inhibited by DMS, while only the superoxide anion release was blocked by the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002. Superoxides 164-180 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 57-61 12468931-4 2002 Rac2-deficient mice and a human patient with a D57N Rac2 mutant share a phenotype of leukocytosis with defective neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide production in response to some, but not all, agonists. Superoxides 139-149 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 52-56 12512695-1 2002 Ang II-induced endothelial dysfunction is associated with perivascular inflammation and increased superoxide production in the vascular wall. Superoxides 98-108 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-6 12456490-4 2002 The hypothesis that superoxide is a key mediator of the actions of Ang II in the CNS was tested in mice using adenoviral vector-mediated expression of superoxide dismutase (AdSOD). Superoxides 20-30 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 67-73 12456490-6 2002 In addition, Ang II stimulated superoxide generation in primary CNS cell cultures, and this was prevented by the Ang II receptor (Ang II type 1 subtype) antagonist losartan or AdSOD. Superoxides 31-41 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 13-19 12456490-6 2002 In addition, Ang II stimulated superoxide generation in primary CNS cell cultures, and this was prevented by the Ang II receptor (Ang II type 1 subtype) antagonist losartan or AdSOD. Superoxides 31-41 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 113-119 12417549-1 2002 BACKGROUND: Like endothelial and smooth muscle cells, vascular adventitial fibroblasts contain a substantial NAD(P)H oxidase superoxide anion (O2-)-generating system activated by angiotensin II (Ang II). Superoxides 125-141 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 179-193 12417549-1 2002 BACKGROUND: Like endothelial and smooth muscle cells, vascular adventitial fibroblasts contain a substantial NAD(P)H oxidase superoxide anion (O2-)-generating system activated by angiotensin II (Ang II). Superoxides 143-147 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 179-193 12417549-1 2002 BACKGROUND: Like endothelial and smooth muscle cells, vascular adventitial fibroblasts contain a substantial NAD(P)H oxidase superoxide anion (O2-)-generating system activated by angiotensin II (Ang II). Superoxides 143-147 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 195-201 12417549-5 2002 Endogenous O2- was increased by treating the adventitial side of the aortas with Ang II (10 pmol/L), leading to impairment of EDR. Superoxides 11-13 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 81-87 12417549-7 2002 Ang II-treated aortas from gp91(phox-/-) mice, which lack significant adventitial O2-, exhibited greater EDR and were not affected by SOD. Superoxides 82-84 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 0-6 12381518-3 2002 In passage 1 culture of rat HSCs, TGF-beta1 induced a concentration-dependent increase in procollagen-alpha(1)(I) mRNA levels and enhanced intracellular H(2)O(2) and superoxide anion formation and lipid peroxidation but decreased GSH levels. Superoxides 166-182 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 34-43 12381518-8 2002 These results demonstrate that DLPC prevents TGF-beta1-induced increase in collagen mRNA by inhibiting generation of oxidative stress and associated H(2)O(2)-dependent p38 MAPK activation, which explains its antifibrogenic effect. Superoxides 152-157 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 45-54 12433839-3 2002 We tested the hypothesis that selective loss of CuZnSOD results in increased superoxide and altered vascular responsiveness in CuZnSOD-deficient (CuZnSOD(-/-)) mice compared with wild-type (CuZnSOD(+/+)) littermates. Superoxides 77-87 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 48-55 12433839-5 2002 Vascular superoxide levels, measured using lucigenin (5 micro mol/L)-enhanced chemiluminescence and hydroethidine (2 micro mol/L)-based confocal microscopy, were increased (approximately 2-fold; P<0.05) in CuZnSOD(-/-) mice as compared with wild-type mice. Superoxides 9-19 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 209-216 12433839-10 2002 These findings provide the first direct insight into the functional importance of CuZnSOD in blood vessels and indicate that this specific isoform of SOD limits increases in superoxide under basal conditions. Superoxides 174-184 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 82-89 12426211-3 2002 METHODS AND RESULTS: ANP alone and its potentiation by retrothiorphan, the NEP inhibitor, significantly inhibited superoxide, lysozyme, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 release by N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe-stimulated PMNs. Superoxides 114-124 natriuretic peptide A Homo sapiens 21-24 12426211-3 2002 METHODS AND RESULTS: ANP alone and its potentiation by retrothiorphan, the NEP inhibitor, significantly inhibited superoxide, lysozyme, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 release by N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe-stimulated PMNs. Superoxides 114-124 membrane metalloendopeptidase Homo sapiens 75-78 12426214-1 2002 OBJECTIVE: Angiotensin II (Ang II)-mediated induction of vascular superoxide anion formation could contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Superoxides 66-82 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 11-25 12426214-1 2002 OBJECTIVE: Angiotensin II (Ang II)-mediated induction of vascular superoxide anion formation could contribute to the development of endothelial dysfunction, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. Superoxides 66-82 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 27-33 12426214-4 2002 METHODS AND RESULTS: We investigated the dose-dependent regulation of superoxide anion formation and of NAD(P)H oxidase subunit expression in response to Ang II in human endothelial cells. Superoxides 70-86 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 154-160 12426214-5 2002 Ang II regulates superoxide anion formation and the limiting subunit of endothelial NAD(P)H oxidase, gp91-phox, in a dose-dependent manner via Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor-mediated induction and Ang II type 2 receptor-mediated partial inhibition at higher Ang II concentrations. Superoxides 17-33 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-6 12426214-5 2002 Ang II regulates superoxide anion formation and the limiting subunit of endothelial NAD(P)H oxidase, gp91-phox, in a dose-dependent manner via Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor-mediated induction and Ang II type 2 receptor-mediated partial inhibition at higher Ang II concentrations. Superoxides 17-33 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 143-149 12426214-5 2002 Ang II regulates superoxide anion formation and the limiting subunit of endothelial NAD(P)H oxidase, gp91-phox, in a dose-dependent manner via Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor-mediated induction and Ang II type 2 receptor-mediated partial inhibition at higher Ang II concentrations. Superoxides 17-33 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 143-149 12426214-5 2002 Ang II regulates superoxide anion formation and the limiting subunit of endothelial NAD(P)H oxidase, gp91-phox, in a dose-dependent manner via Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor-mediated induction and Ang II type 2 receptor-mediated partial inhibition at higher Ang II concentrations. Superoxides 17-33 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 143-149 12530078-2 2002 ESR spectroscopy shows that these extracts produced radicals under alkaline condition, and scavenged radicals such as superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and nitric oxide (NO) radical. Superoxides 118-134 esterase 5 regulator Mus musculus 0-3 12367771-4 2002 RESULTS: The superoxide generation induced by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) was significantly suppressed by betulin and lupeol depending on the concentration of the triterpenoids. Superoxides 13-23 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 87-91 12367771-8 2002 Lupeol and betulin suppressed tyrosyl phosphorylation of a 45.0-kDa protein in fMLP-treated human neutrophils in parallel to the suppression of fMLP-induced superoxide generation, but betulinic acid did not. Superoxides 157-167 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 79-83 12367771-8 2002 Lupeol and betulin suppressed tyrosyl phosphorylation of a 45.0-kDa protein in fMLP-treated human neutrophils in parallel to the suppression of fMLP-induced superoxide generation, but betulinic acid did not. Superoxides 157-167 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 144-148 12521225-2 2002 When the cells were preincubated with DCEG, the superoxide generation induced by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) was enhanced in concentration-dependent manner but DCEC showed no effect. Superoxides 48-58 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 122-126 12521225-6 2002 The superoxide generation induced by fMLP in the DCEG-treated cells was suppressed by genistein. Superoxides 4-14 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 12521225-9 2002 The enhancement of tyrosyl phosphorylation of these proteins in the DCEG-treated cells was parallel to the enhancement of the fMLP-induced superoxide generation. Superoxides 139-149 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 126-130 12489993-1 2002 Previously, we have demonstrated that increased superoxide generation plays a role in the nitric oxide (NO)-mediated inhibition of endothelial NO synthase (NOS III) in endothelial cells (ECs). Superoxides 48-58 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 156-163 12489993-2 2002 In this study we demonstrate that the source of the superoxide is likely due to both NADPH oxidase and NOS III itself. Superoxides 52-62 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 103-110 12489993-8 2002 In conclusion, our results indicate that superoxide and peroxynitrite are involved in the inhibition of NOS III by NO, and that the scavenging of superoxide may be necessary to prevent NOS III inhibition during treatments that involve inhaled NO or NO donors. Superoxides 41-51 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 104-111 12458889-8 2002 The authors speculate that in BD patients, serum superoxide radicals may be dismutated to H2O2 by increased CuZn-SOD activity and the conversion of H2O2 to hydroxyl radical may be enhanced by iron, owing to diminished serum Trf; these mechanisms may contribute to the increased serum lipid peroxidation. Superoxides 49-68 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 108-116 12411394-8 2002 Superoxide and MCP-1 production were enhanced by RacV12 (constitutively active) in the absence of ND, and were inhibited by RacN17 (dominant-negative) adenoviral transduction under ND, suggesting that the small G-protein Rac1 is required. Superoxides 0-10 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 205-220 12469939-7 2002 Rolipram and Ariflo (cilomilast), two selective PDE4 inhibitors, dose-dependently inhibited receptor-coupled activation of superoxide. Superoxides 123-133 phosphodiesterase 4A Homo sapiens 48-52 12469939-8 2002 These results suggest that PDE4B is the main subtype involved in regulating superoxide induced by Fc gammaRs activation. Superoxides 76-86 phosphodiesterase 4B Homo sapiens 27-32 12466317-16 2002 Both mechanical stress, mainly secondary to systolic hypertension, and elevated circulating and tissue levels of angiotensin II, partially independent from each other, cause excessive generation of superoxide compounds. Superoxides 198-208 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 113-127 12587976-1 2002 Previously, we have demonstrated that increased superoxide generation plays a role in the nitric oxide (NO)-mediated inhibition of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in endothelial cells (ECs) and that the overexpression of SOD1 could reduce the inhibitory effect of NO. Superoxides 48-58 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 220-224 12487371-1 2002 Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radicals produced during biological oxidations and environmental stress. Superoxides 6-16 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 12215380-5 2002 We treated cells with IFN-gamma to enhance the expression of FcgammaRI and to obtain enough production of superoxide. Superoxides 106-116 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 22-31 12458889-8 2002 The authors speculate that in BD patients, serum superoxide radicals may be dismutated to H2O2 by increased CuZn-SOD activity and the conversion of H2O2 to hydroxyl radical may be enhanced by iron, owing to diminished serum Trf; these mechanisms may contribute to the increased serum lipid peroxidation. Superoxides 49-68 transferrin Homo sapiens 224-227 12239175-4 2002 Coincubation with the PI3-kinase inhibitor LY294002, which in parallel experiments abolished GM-CSF-primed, fMLP-stimulated superoxide anion production and GM-CSF-stimulated PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) accumulation, inhibited the GM-CSF and TNF-alpha survival effect. Superoxides 124-140 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 108-112 12234811-0 2002 Superoxide contributes to vascular dysfunction in mice that express human renin and angiotensinogen. Superoxides 0-10 renin Homo sapiens 74-79 12234811-0 2002 Superoxide contributes to vascular dysfunction in mice that express human renin and angiotensinogen. Superoxides 0-10 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 84-99 12364355-6 2002 In contrast, in p47(phox-/-) mice the hypertensive response to angiotensin II infusion (122+/-4 mm Hg; P<0.05) was markedly blunted, and there was no increase of vascular O2*- production. Superoxides 174-177 NSFL1 (p97) cofactor (p47) Mus musculus 16-19 12356790-8 2002 Taken together, these findings suggest that grepafloxacin evokes a priming effect on neutrophil superoxide generation intracellularly through the translocation of p47-phox and even p67-phox protein to the membrane fractions. Superoxides 96-106 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 181-184 12352324-2 2002 This study looked for the effect of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitors on NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide anion production in THP-1 cells, a monocyte-derived cell line, and on the translocation of p21 Rac 2 and p67. Superoxides 132-148 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 234-243 12352324-2 2002 This study looked for the effect of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitors on NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide anion production in THP-1 cells, a monocyte-derived cell line, and on the translocation of p21 Rac 2 and p67. Superoxides 132-148 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 248-251 12384174-5 2002 We conclude that the formation of peroxynitrite by a reaction between superoxide anion and NO is primarily responsible for the fatal cardiovascular depression induced by overproduction of NO after activation of iNOS at the RVLM. Superoxides 70-86 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 211-215 12389121-5 2002 SOD-like activity was measured as the inhibition of nitroblue tetrazolium reduction due to superoxide anion generation by xanthine plus xanthine oxidase. Superoxides 91-107 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 12218155-3 2002 Pretreatment of neutrophils with TNF-alpha or GM-CSF, while not influencing fMLP-stimulated PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 accumulation at 5 s, caused a major increase in PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 at later times (10-60 s), which paralleled the augmented superoxide anion (O2-) response. Superoxides 229-245 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 33-42 12218155-3 2002 Pretreatment of neutrophils with TNF-alpha or GM-CSF, while not influencing fMLP-stimulated PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 accumulation at 5 s, caused a major increase in PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 at later times (10-60 s), which paralleled the augmented superoxide anion (O2-) response. Superoxides 247-249 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 33-42 12183682-0 2002 Inhibition by naloxone stereoisomers of beta-amyloid peptide (1-42)-induced superoxide production in microglia and degeneration of cortical and mesencephalic neurons. Superoxides 76-86 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 40-66 12200641-5 2002 the reaction of nitric oxide and superoxide would form the strong oxidant peroxynitrite; 3) that this process would be accompanied by the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) which interacts with NOS and whose products could further affect myocardial function. Superoxides 33-43 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 152-168 12200641-5 2002 the reaction of nitric oxide and superoxide would form the strong oxidant peroxynitrite; 3) that this process would be accompanied by the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) which interacts with NOS and whose products could further affect myocardial function. Superoxides 33-43 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 170-175 12176910-7 2002 In addition to increasing receptor expression, GM-CSF treatment enhanced the interleukin 8 (IL-8) secretion and superoxide priming responses of neutrophils to stimulation with TLR2 ligands, including zymosan, peptidoglycan, and lipoarabinomannan. Superoxides 112-122 toll like receptor 2 Homo sapiens 176-180 12176910-9 2002 The removal of TLR2 lipopeptide components from LPS by phenol re-extraction substantially reduced both the IL-8 and superoxide response of the stimulated neutrophils, indicating that, unlike monocytes, the neutrophil response is preferentially directed to TLR2 ligands. Superoxides 116-126 toll like receptor 2 Homo sapiens 15-19 12172481-5 2002 Superoxide radicals generated by the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase may thus contribute to impaired endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation by the inactivation of nitric oxide, and more generally to vascular dysfunction, thereby contributing to accelerated atherosclerosis in diabetic patients. Superoxides 0-19 dual oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 53-104 12192108-5 2002 Investigation results suggest that all three subtypes of eotaxin directly stimulate eosinophil superoxide anion generation that is inhibited by neutralizing eotaxin antibody or pretreatment of cells with the receptor antibody anti-CCR3. Superoxides 95-111 C-C motif chemokine ligand 11 Homo sapiens 57-64 12192108-5 2002 Investigation results suggest that all three subtypes of eotaxin directly stimulate eosinophil superoxide anion generation that is inhibited by neutralizing eotaxin antibody or pretreatment of cells with the receptor antibody anti-CCR3. Superoxides 95-111 C-C motif chemokine ligand 11 Homo sapiens 157-164 12165299-4 2002 The peroxidase-catalyzed degradation of cell-wall polysaccharides can be inhibited by KCN and superoxide radical (O(2)*) or OH* scavengers. Superoxides 94-112 peroxidase Glycine max 4-14 12165299-4 2002 The peroxidase-catalyzed degradation of cell-wall polysaccharides can be inhibited by KCN and superoxide radical (O(2)*) or OH* scavengers. Superoxides 114-120 peroxidase Glycine max 4-14 12479880-9 2002 fMLP-induced superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) production was, however, attenuated by insulin. Superoxides 13-29 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 12193733-11 2002 PPARgamma-mediated down-regulation of p47 phagocyte oxidase, a component of the NAD(P)H oxidase system, was identified as one molecular mechanism causing inhibition of superoxide radical formation. Superoxides 168-178 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Homo sapiens 0-9 12479880-9 2002 fMLP-induced superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) production was, however, attenuated by insulin. Superoxides 31-35 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 12123763-2 2002 Since the vascular levels of O(2)(*-) are regulated by the superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes, a role of SOD in the cardiovascular disease is of substantial interest. Superoxides 29-33 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 59-79 12123763-2 2002 Since the vascular levels of O(2)(*-) are regulated by the superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes, a role of SOD in the cardiovascular disease is of substantial interest. Superoxides 29-33 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 81-84 12123763-2 2002 Since the vascular levels of O(2)(*-) are regulated by the superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes, a role of SOD in the cardiovascular disease is of substantial interest. Superoxides 29-33 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 105-108 12184785-6 2002 SOD and catalase inhibited the DNA damage, suggesting that DNA damage involved superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 79-95 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-16 12104090-3 2002 SOD activity was expressed as the amount of protein causing a 50% inhibition of formazan dye (505 nm), employing xanthine and xanthine oxidase to generate superoxide radicals. Superoxides 155-165 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 12270686-1 2002 Alterations in the activity of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1), an enzyme that converts superoxide (O(.-)(2)) to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) plus O(2), have been found to affect cellular susceptibility to oxidative stress and have been invoked as a pathogenetic mechanism in a variety of neurodegenerative diseases. Superoxides 37-47 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 59-63 12186546-12 2002 In contrast to its effect on NO synthesis, hsp90 dose-dependently inhibited O(2)(-.) Superoxides 76-80 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Rattus norvegicus 43-48 12172875-0 2002 Cryopreservation of reduced cytochrome C for determination of N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-stimulated superoxide anion production in human whole blood. Superoxides 113-129 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 28-40 12172875-3 2002 In the present study, an improved cytochrome C assay was investigated which allowed measurements of superoxide anions in whole blood samples following activation of phagocytes by physiological stimuli such as the bacterial tripeptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). Superoxides 100-117 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 34-46 12172875-4 2002 The fMLP-stimulated production of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) showed a sigmoidal-shaped fMLP dose-response curve, and constant O(2)(-) production rates (nmol.1(-1)x10(6) granulocytes) could be determined reliably up to a blood granulocyte concentration of 1 x 10(4) x microl(-1). Superoxides 34-50 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 4-8 12172875-4 2002 The fMLP-stimulated production of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) showed a sigmoidal-shaped fMLP dose-response curve, and constant O(2)(-) production rates (nmol.1(-1)x10(6) granulocytes) could be determined reliably up to a blood granulocyte concentration of 1 x 10(4) x microl(-1). Superoxides 34-50 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 87-91 12170264-7 2002 Superoxide anion generation and degranulation were suppressed by means of inhibition of either PKC or PKA. Superoxides 0-16 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 95-98 12170264-8 2002 CONCLUSION: PKC and PKA negatively regulate PAF-induced CD11b upregulation and cellular adhesion but promote eosinophil effector functions, such as superoxide anion generation and degranulation. Superoxides 148-164 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 12-15 12421025-4 2002 CONCLUSION: The decreased SOD level in long term and low dose of HU therapy in E beta thalassaemia may have some role to inhibit superoxide radical of erythrocyte. Superoxides 129-147 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 26-29 12225656-1 2002 Previous studies have observed that the recently described endogenous opioid, nociceptin/orphanin FQ (NOC/oFQ), contributes to impairment of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced cerebrovasodilation following fluid percussion brain injury (FPI) via a cyclooxygenase (COX)-dependent generation of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)). Superoxides 294-310 prepronociceptin Homo sapiens 78-88 12225656-1 2002 Previous studies have observed that the recently described endogenous opioid, nociceptin/orphanin FQ (NOC/oFQ), contributes to impairment of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced cerebrovasodilation following fluid percussion brain injury (FPI) via a cyclooxygenase (COX)-dependent generation of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)). Superoxides 294-310 prepronociceptin Homo sapiens 89-100 12225656-1 2002 Previous studies have observed that the recently described endogenous opioid, nociceptin/orphanin FQ (NOC/oFQ), contributes to impairment of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced cerebrovasodilation following fluid percussion brain injury (FPI) via a cyclooxygenase (COX)-dependent generation of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)). Superoxides 294-310 nocturnin Homo sapiens 102-105 12225656-1 2002 Previous studies have observed that the recently described endogenous opioid, nociceptin/orphanin FQ (NOC/oFQ), contributes to impairment of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced cerebrovasodilation following fluid percussion brain injury (FPI) via a cyclooxygenase (COX)-dependent generation of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)). Superoxides 294-310 prepronociceptin Homo sapiens 106-109 12225656-1 2002 Previous studies have observed that the recently described endogenous opioid, nociceptin/orphanin FQ (NOC/oFQ), contributes to impairment of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced cerebrovasodilation following fluid percussion brain injury (FPI) via a cyclooxygenase (COX)-dependent generation of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)). Superoxides 312-316 prepronociceptin Homo sapiens 78-88 12225656-1 2002 Previous studies have observed that the recently described endogenous opioid, nociceptin/orphanin FQ (NOC/oFQ), contributes to impairment of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced cerebrovasodilation following fluid percussion brain injury (FPI) via a cyclooxygenase (COX)-dependent generation of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)). Superoxides 312-316 prepronociceptin Homo sapiens 89-100 12225656-1 2002 Previous studies have observed that the recently described endogenous opioid, nociceptin/orphanin FQ (NOC/oFQ), contributes to impairment of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced cerebrovasodilation following fluid percussion brain injury (FPI) via a cyclooxygenase (COX)-dependent generation of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)). Superoxides 312-316 nocturnin Homo sapiens 102-105 12225656-1 2002 Previous studies have observed that the recently described endogenous opioid, nociceptin/orphanin FQ (NOC/oFQ), contributes to impairment of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced cerebrovasodilation following fluid percussion brain injury (FPI) via a cyclooxygenase (COX)-dependent generation of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)). Superoxides 312-316 prepronociceptin Homo sapiens 106-109 12175817-5 2002 SOD (200 U/mL, 5-min preincubation) restored the stimulatory effect of ANG II (1.31 +/- 0.08-fold; n = 4; P < 0.05 compared to 10(-7) M alone), suggesting a role for superoxide. Superoxides 169-179 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 71-77 12138286-4 2002 Following 6 weeks of EPO treatment in CAPD patients, both the rate of superoxide release from PMNLs and PMNL counts fell significantly when compared with the pretreatment values. Superoxides 70-80 erythropoietin Homo sapiens 21-24 12138286-5 2002 In vitro incubation of PMNLs from CAPD patients with increasing amounts of EPO displayed a significant reduction in their rates of superoxide release. Superoxides 131-141 erythropoietin Homo sapiens 75-78 12194501-3 2002 Among the various biochemical events associated with these conditions, emerging evidence suggests the formation of superoxide anion and expression/activity of its endogenous scavenger, superoxide dismutase (SOD), as a common denominator. Superoxides 115-131 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 185-205 12194501-3 2002 Among the various biochemical events associated with these conditions, emerging evidence suggests the formation of superoxide anion and expression/activity of its endogenous scavenger, superoxide dismutase (SOD), as a common denominator. Superoxides 115-131 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 207-210 12083801-0 2002 Superoxide anion-dependent Raf/MEK/ERK activation by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma agonists 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2), ciglitazone, and GW1929. Superoxides 0-16 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 Homo sapiens 31-34 12011051-5 2002 Previous reports have concluded that retinoic acid and superoxide activate proton transport by UCP2. Superoxides 55-65 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 95-99 12083801-0 2002 Superoxide anion-dependent Raf/MEK/ERK activation by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma agonists 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2), ciglitazone, and GW1929. Superoxides 0-16 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 35-38 12083801-7 2002 Chemiluminescence study reveals that these three PPARgamma agonists are able to induce superoxide anion production, with an efficacy similar to their action on ERK phosphorylation. Superoxides 87-103 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Homo sapiens 49-58 12083801-9 2002 In this study, we for the first time demonstrate a novel mechanism, independent of Ras activation but initiated by superoxide anion production, for PPARgamma agonists to trigger the Raf-MEK-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Superoxides 115-131 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Homo sapiens 148-157 12083801-9 2002 In this study, we for the first time demonstrate a novel mechanism, independent of Ras activation but initiated by superoxide anion production, for PPARgamma agonists to trigger the Raf-MEK-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Superoxides 115-131 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 Homo sapiens 186-189 12083801-9 2002 In this study, we for the first time demonstrate a novel mechanism, independent of Ras activation but initiated by superoxide anion production, for PPARgamma agonists to trigger the Raf-MEK-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Superoxides 115-131 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 190-196 12083801-8 2002 Consistent with this notion, we also show that superoxide anion donor 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphoquinone elicits ERK phosphorylation. Superoxides 47-63 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 109-112 12039851-5 2002 In vitro experiments confirm that iNOS can produce superoxide mainly from the heme domain, whereas BH4 administration can reverse this superoxide production in the presence of adequate anti-oxidant defense. Superoxides 51-61 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 34-38 12065474-5 2002 Increased C5aR expression following treatment with acapsular cryptococci was accompanied by increased binding of C5a to PMN, increased superoxide production in response to stimulation with C5a, and an increased chemotactic response to C5a. Superoxides 135-145 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 10-14 12109776-10 2002 The activity of the superoxide scavenger, Cu/Zn-SOD, in the thoracic aorta was significantly decreased in SHR fed a Zn-deficient diet relative to SHR fed a standard diet. Superoxides 20-30 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 42-51 12109776-11 2002 It appears that a decrease in the activity of Cu/Zn-SOD observed in the thoracic aorta of SHR fed a Zn-deficient diet at least in part plays a role in an increase in the action of superoxide in this model. Superoxides 180-190 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 46-55 12065474-5 2002 Increased C5aR expression following treatment with acapsular cryptococci was accompanied by increased binding of C5a to PMN, increased superoxide production in response to stimulation with C5a, and an increased chemotactic response to C5a. Superoxides 135-145 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 10-13 12089369-13 2002 p38 MAPK inhibition with 10 microM SB202190 that also decreased ANCA-induced superoxide generation prevented S473 phosphorylation of Akt in response to TNF-alpha and to ANCA. Superoxides 77-87 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 0-3 12180008-6 2002 Superoxide integrates many activities of this kind and is important for physiological function of myeloperoxidase. Superoxides 0-10 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 98-113 12089369-13 2002 p38 MAPK inhibition with 10 microM SB202190 that also decreased ANCA-induced superoxide generation prevented S473 phosphorylation of Akt in response to TNF-alpha and to ANCA. Superoxides 77-87 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 133-136 12089369-13 2002 p38 MAPK inhibition with 10 microM SB202190 that also decreased ANCA-induced superoxide generation prevented S473 phosphorylation of Akt in response to TNF-alpha and to ANCA. Superoxides 77-87 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 152-161 12089369-14 2002 However, SB202190 but not LY294002 abrogated TNF-alpha-mediated ANCA antigen surface translocation, demonstrating that superoxide generation and ANCA antigen translocation proceed by separate mechanisms. Superoxides 119-129 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 45-54 12095130-7 2002 The maximal rate of superoxide production was measured by reduction of cytochrome C. Superoxides 20-30 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 71-83 12100471-1 2002 The inducible nitrogen oxygen synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) system acting in concert with superoxide radicals is recognized as a powerful macrophage microbicidal mechanism. Superoxides 98-108 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 4-38 12100471-1 2002 The inducible nitrogen oxygen synthase (iNOS) and nitric oxide (NO) system acting in concert with superoxide radicals is recognized as a powerful macrophage microbicidal mechanism. Superoxides 98-108 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 40-44 11948371-4 2002 Evidence suggests that sustained upregulation of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (NOS-2) co-localizes with enterocyte apoptosis and immunoreactivity to 3-nitrotyrosine, the footprint of peroxynitrite (ONOO-), a potent oxidant formed by the reaction of nitric oxide (NO) with superoxide. Superoxides 290-300 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 97-102 12298152-7 2002 The participation of IFN-gamma in immune reactions of CNS also is carried out at the expense of amplification under its influence of superoxide production, NO and prostaglandine synthesis, expression in astrocytes and microglial cells of ICAM adgesive molecule. Superoxides 133-143 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 21-30 12056906-8 2002 In addition, PKC alpha, beta II, delta, and zeta were able to induce production of superoxide anions in a cell-free system using recombinant cytosolic proteins. Superoxides 83-100 protein kinase C alpha Homo sapiens 13-48 12057773-7 2002 At normal SOD levels, the outcome depends on the ratio between the rate of processes that consume superoxide without forming H(2)O(2) and the rate of processes that consume superoxide with high (>/= 1) H(2)O(2) yield. Superoxides 98-108 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 10-13 12131535-3 2002 The effect of tempol on Ang II-evoked superoxide production was assessed in aortic rings. Superoxides 38-48 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 24-30 12131535-10 2002 CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that increased superoxide anions mediate vasoconstrictor responses to Ang II, but not to other agonists, in an endothelium-dependent manner, by quenching vasodilatory mediator, nitric oxide. Superoxides 47-64 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 102-108 12057773-7 2002 At normal SOD levels, the outcome depends on the ratio between the rate of processes that consume superoxide without forming H(2)O(2) and the rate of processes that consume superoxide with high (>/= 1) H(2)O(2) yield. Superoxides 173-183 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 10-13 12057773-11 2002 According to the minimal model, only where most superoxide is eliminated through H(2)O(2)-free processes does SOD activity have the moderately large influence on H(2)O(2) production observed in some experiments. Superoxides 48-58 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 110-113 11997240-7 2002 These findings suggest that HS-activated cAMP/PKA signaling inhibits superoxide formation by intercepting fMLP-induced activation steps upstream of ERK and p38. Superoxides 69-79 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 148-151 11997240-7 2002 These findings suggest that HS-activated cAMP/PKA signaling inhibits superoxide formation by intercepting fMLP-induced activation steps upstream of ERK and p38. Superoxides 69-79 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 156-159 12028049-4 2002 These differentiated cells also produced quantities of superoxide anion similar to those produced by blood neutrophils, in response to physiological stimuli (fMLP); in addition, the fMLP-induced respiratory burst was primed by the proinflammatory cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Superoxides 55-71 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 158-162 12049845-1 2002 Four terpenylnaphthoquinones were found to enhance the rate of superoxide production in the presence of ascorbate as detected from the superoxide dismutase (SOD)-inhibitable initial oxygen consumption rates. Superoxides 63-73 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 135-155 12049845-1 2002 Four terpenylnaphthoquinones were found to enhance the rate of superoxide production in the presence of ascorbate as detected from the superoxide dismutase (SOD)-inhibitable initial oxygen consumption rates. Superoxides 63-73 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 157-160 12003789-11 2002 Thus physiological hypoxia leads to p38 phosphorylation through a mechanism that requires electron flux in the proximal region of the mitochondrial electron transport chain, which suggests that either H(2)O(2) or superoxide participates in activating that process. Superoxides 213-223 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 36-39 12215229-8 2002 RESULTS: The expression of both normal and mutant SOD1 decreased the measured extracellular superoxide release, but had divergent effects on the measured release of NO. Superoxides 92-102 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 50-54 11997668-6 2002 Instead, we observed that incubation of HIT and RIN lysates with peroxynitrite, a reactive intermediate of nitric oxide with superoxide anion, resulted in significant reduction in the GAPDH activity. Superoxides 125-141 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 184-189 11959468-9 2002 In the case of chemically unstable substrates, such as superoxide anion, ionic repulsion slow down the approach rate of the substrate so that spontaneous decomposition can prevail over the reaction with Cyt C incorporated in the coating. Superoxides 55-71 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 203-208 12067251-10 2002 p53 mutagenesis by BP-7,8-dione was attenuated by ROS scavengers and completely abrogated by a combination of superoxide dismutase and catalase, indicating that both superoxide anion and hydroxyl radicals were the responsible mutagens. Superoxides 166-182 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 0-3 12087347-0 2002 Angiotensin II attenuates the vasodilating effect of a nitric oxide donor, glyceryl trinitrate: roles of superoxide and angiotensin II type 1 receptors. Superoxides 105-115 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-14 12087347-8 2002 CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that angiotensin II may attenuate the arterial vasodilating effect of glyceryl trinitrate through angiotensin type 1 receptors and presumably through receptor-mediated superoxide production, which may be relevant to the development of nitrate tolerance. Superoxides 200-210 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 37-51 12031983-0 2002 Interleukin-10 protects nitric oxide-dependent relaxation during diabetes: role of superoxide. Superoxides 83-93 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 0-14 12031983-14 2002 Restoration of vasorelaxation with PEG-SOD or allopurinol suggests that the mechanism(s) by which IL-10 preserves endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation involves O(2-), perhaps by reducing production of O(2-) by xanthine oxidase. Superoxides 160-165 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 98-103 12031983-14 2002 Restoration of vasorelaxation with PEG-SOD or allopurinol suggests that the mechanism(s) by which IL-10 preserves endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation involves O(2-), perhaps by reducing production of O(2-) by xanthine oxidase. Superoxides 201-206 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 98-103 12031898-7 2002 Further investigations into the mechanisms by which AA induced MnSOD expression showed that superoxide anions released from AA metabolism act as second messengers via a signal-controlling pathway involving protein kinase C and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK). Superoxides 92-109 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 227-263 12007146-1 2002 Free radicals, such as superoxide and nitric oxide, are known to play a role in a number of inflammatory and degenerative brain diseases, in which resident microglia upregulate the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and thus produce large amounts of nitric oxide. Superoxides 23-33 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 181-212 12007146-1 2002 Free radicals, such as superoxide and nitric oxide, are known to play a role in a number of inflammatory and degenerative brain diseases, in which resident microglia upregulate the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and thus produce large amounts of nitric oxide. Superoxides 23-33 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 214-218 12023388-2 2002 We hypothesized that inhibiting superoxide production during inducible NO synthase induction would suppress oxidative/nitrative stress and result in less severe lung injury. Superoxides 32-42 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 61-82 12028049-4 2002 These differentiated cells also produced quantities of superoxide anion similar to those produced by blood neutrophils, in response to physiological stimuli (fMLP); in addition, the fMLP-induced respiratory burst was primed by the proinflammatory cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Superoxides 55-71 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 182-186 12323112-0 2002 Insulin"s stimulation of endothelial superoxide generation may reflect up-regulation of isoprenyl transferase activity that promotes rac translocation. Superoxides 37-47 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 12137755-7 2002 Granulocytes obtained from mice injected with Stx 2 showed reduced superoxide-producing activity compared with those from controls. Superoxides 67-77 syntaxin 2 Mus musculus 46-51 12011487-9 2002 Spectrofluorimetric experiments with the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase showed that superoxide anions (O2*-) and H(2)O(2) are generated in silica-treated medium, but these ROS do not fully account for the induction of the intracellular ROS response. Superoxides 107-124 catalase Homo sapiens 86-94 12011487-9 2002 Spectrofluorimetric experiments with the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase showed that superoxide anions (O2*-) and H(2)O(2) are generated in silica-treated medium, but these ROS do not fully account for the induction of the intracellular ROS response. Superoxides 126-128 catalase Homo sapiens 86-94 11896062-1 2002 Activation of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes is the result of the assembly of a membrane-localized flavocytochrome (cytochrome b(559)) with the cytosolic components p47(phox), p67(phox), and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 18-28 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 199-202 11896062-1 2002 Activation of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes is the result of the assembly of a membrane-localized flavocytochrome (cytochrome b(559)) with the cytosolic components p47(phox), p67(phox), and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 18-28 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 231-234 12021231-13 2002 CONCLUSIONS: Ang II induces proliferation of VSMCs via production of superoxide, which enhances the expression of Id3. Superoxides 69-79 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 13-19 12021231-13 2002 CONCLUSIONS: Ang II induces proliferation of VSMCs via production of superoxide, which enhances the expression of Id3. Superoxides 69-79 inhibitor of DNA binding 3, HLH protein Homo sapiens 114-117 12038771-0 2002 Superoxide dismutase-based third-generation biosensor for superoxide anion. Superoxides 58-74 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 12038771-1 2002 A third-generation biosensor for superoxide anion (O2-) was developed by immobilizing superoxide dismutase (SOD) on a self-assembled monolayer of cysteine on gold electrode; i.e., a SOD/cysteine-modified gold electrode (SOD/Cys/Au) was fabricated. Superoxides 33-49 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 86-106 12038771-1 2002 A third-generation biosensor for superoxide anion (O2-) was developed by immobilizing superoxide dismutase (SOD) on a self-assembled monolayer of cysteine on gold electrode; i.e., a SOD/cysteine-modified gold electrode (SOD/Cys/Au) was fabricated. Superoxides 33-49 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 108-111 12038771-1 2002 A third-generation biosensor for superoxide anion (O2-) was developed by immobilizing superoxide dismutase (SOD) on a self-assembled monolayer of cysteine on gold electrode; i.e., a SOD/cysteine-modified gold electrode (SOD/Cys/Au) was fabricated. Superoxides 33-49 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 182-185 12038771-1 2002 A third-generation biosensor for superoxide anion (O2-) was developed by immobilizing superoxide dismutase (SOD) on a self-assembled monolayer of cysteine on gold electrode; i.e., a SOD/cysteine-modified gold electrode (SOD/Cys/Au) was fabricated. Superoxides 33-49 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 182-185 12038771-1 2002 A third-generation biosensor for superoxide anion (O2-) was developed by immobilizing superoxide dismutase (SOD) on a self-assembled monolayer of cysteine on gold electrode; i.e., a SOD/cysteine-modified gold electrode (SOD/Cys/Au) was fabricated. Superoxides 51-53 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 86-106 12038771-1 2002 A third-generation biosensor for superoxide anion (O2-) was developed by immobilizing superoxide dismutase (SOD) on a self-assembled monolayer of cysteine on gold electrode; i.e., a SOD/cysteine-modified gold electrode (SOD/Cys/Au) was fabricated. Superoxides 51-53 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 108-111 12038771-1 2002 A third-generation biosensor for superoxide anion (O2-) was developed by immobilizing superoxide dismutase (SOD) on a self-assembled monolayer of cysteine on gold electrode; i.e., a SOD/cysteine-modified gold electrode (SOD/Cys/Au) was fabricated. Superoxides 51-53 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 182-185 12038771-1 2002 A third-generation biosensor for superoxide anion (O2-) was developed by immobilizing superoxide dismutase (SOD) on a self-assembled monolayer of cysteine on gold electrode; i.e., a SOD/cysteine-modified gold electrode (SOD/Cys/Au) was fabricated. Superoxides 51-53 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 182-185 12038771-3 2002 The promoted direct electron transfer of SOD and biomolecular recognition by the exploitation of specific and significant enzyme-substrate reactivity of SOD toward O2- combined with the low operating potential enabled a sensitive measurement of O2-. Superoxides 164-166 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 41-44 12038771-3 2002 The promoted direct electron transfer of SOD and biomolecular recognition by the exploitation of specific and significant enzyme-substrate reactivity of SOD toward O2- combined with the low operating potential enabled a sensitive measurement of O2-. Superoxides 164-166 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 153-156 12038771-3 2002 The promoted direct electron transfer of SOD and biomolecular recognition by the exploitation of specific and significant enzyme-substrate reactivity of SOD toward O2- combined with the low operating potential enabled a sensitive measurement of O2-. Superoxides 245-247 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 41-44 12038771-3 2002 The promoted direct electron transfer of SOD and biomolecular recognition by the exploitation of specific and significant enzyme-substrate reactivity of SOD toward O2- combined with the low operating potential enabled a sensitive measurement of O2-. Superoxides 245-247 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 153-156 12038771-4 2002 At SOD/Cys/Au, O2- could be specifically oxidized and reduced to O2 and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, through the inherent catalytic reaction of SOD. Superoxides 15-17 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 3-6 12038771-4 2002 At SOD/Cys/Au, O2- could be specifically oxidized and reduced to O2 and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, through the inherent catalytic reaction of SOD. Superoxides 15-17 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 148-151 12038771-4 2002 At SOD/Cys/Au, O2- could be specifically oxidized and reduced to O2 and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, through the inherent catalytic reaction of SOD. Superoxides 65-67 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 3-6 12038771-4 2002 At SOD/Cys/Au, O2- could be specifically oxidized and reduced to O2 and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, through the inherent catalytic reaction of SOD. Superoxides 65-67 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 148-151 12038771-7 2002 The response mechanism of SOD/Cys/Au to O2- and its sensor characteristics are also presented and discussed. Superoxides 40-42 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 26-29 12123083-1 2002 A superoxide dismutase (SOD)-modified electrode, in which SOD is oriented on the gold electrode via a self-assembled monolayer of cysteine so as to allow its direct electrode reaction, possesses a bi-directional electrocatalysis for both the oxidation of superoxide ion (O2-) to O2 and the reduction of O2- to H2O2 and functions as a third generation O2- biosensor. Superoxides 2-12 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 24-27 12123083-1 2002 A superoxide dismutase (SOD)-modified electrode, in which SOD is oriented on the gold electrode via a self-assembled monolayer of cysteine so as to allow its direct electrode reaction, possesses a bi-directional electrocatalysis for both the oxidation of superoxide ion (O2-) to O2 and the reduction of O2- to H2O2 and functions as a third generation O2- biosensor. Superoxides 2-12 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 58-61 12123083-1 2002 A superoxide dismutase (SOD)-modified electrode, in which SOD is oriented on the gold electrode via a self-assembled monolayer of cysteine so as to allow its direct electrode reaction, possesses a bi-directional electrocatalysis for both the oxidation of superoxide ion (O2-) to O2 and the reduction of O2- to H2O2 and functions as a third generation O2- biosensor. Superoxides 271-273 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 2-22 12123083-1 2002 A superoxide dismutase (SOD)-modified electrode, in which SOD is oriented on the gold electrode via a self-assembled monolayer of cysteine so as to allow its direct electrode reaction, possesses a bi-directional electrocatalysis for both the oxidation of superoxide ion (O2-) to O2 and the reduction of O2- to H2O2 and functions as a third generation O2- biosensor. Superoxides 271-273 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 24-27 12123083-1 2002 A superoxide dismutase (SOD)-modified electrode, in which SOD is oriented on the gold electrode via a self-assembled monolayer of cysteine so as to allow its direct electrode reaction, possesses a bi-directional electrocatalysis for both the oxidation of superoxide ion (O2-) to O2 and the reduction of O2- to H2O2 and functions as a third generation O2- biosensor. Superoxides 271-273 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 58-61 12123083-1 2002 A superoxide dismutase (SOD)-modified electrode, in which SOD is oriented on the gold electrode via a self-assembled monolayer of cysteine so as to allow its direct electrode reaction, possesses a bi-directional electrocatalysis for both the oxidation of superoxide ion (O2-) to O2 and the reduction of O2- to H2O2 and functions as a third generation O2- biosensor. Superoxides 279-281 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 2-22 12123083-1 2002 A superoxide dismutase (SOD)-modified electrode, in which SOD is oriented on the gold electrode via a self-assembled monolayer of cysteine so as to allow its direct electrode reaction, possesses a bi-directional electrocatalysis for both the oxidation of superoxide ion (O2-) to O2 and the reduction of O2- to H2O2 and functions as a third generation O2- biosensor. Superoxides 279-281 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 24-27 12123083-1 2002 A superoxide dismutase (SOD)-modified electrode, in which SOD is oriented on the gold electrode via a self-assembled monolayer of cysteine so as to allow its direct electrode reaction, possesses a bi-directional electrocatalysis for both the oxidation of superoxide ion (O2-) to O2 and the reduction of O2- to H2O2 and functions as a third generation O2- biosensor. Superoxides 279-281 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 58-61 12123083-1 2002 A superoxide dismutase (SOD)-modified electrode, in which SOD is oriented on the gold electrode via a self-assembled monolayer of cysteine so as to allow its direct electrode reaction, possesses a bi-directional electrocatalysis for both the oxidation of superoxide ion (O2-) to O2 and the reduction of O2- to H2O2 and functions as a third generation O2- biosensor. Superoxides 279-281 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 2-22 12123083-1 2002 A superoxide dismutase (SOD)-modified electrode, in which SOD is oriented on the gold electrode via a self-assembled monolayer of cysteine so as to allow its direct electrode reaction, possesses a bi-directional electrocatalysis for both the oxidation of superoxide ion (O2-) to O2 and the reduction of O2- to H2O2 and functions as a third generation O2- biosensor. Superoxides 279-281 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 24-27 12123083-1 2002 A superoxide dismutase (SOD)-modified electrode, in which SOD is oriented on the gold electrode via a self-assembled monolayer of cysteine so as to allow its direct electrode reaction, possesses a bi-directional electrocatalysis for both the oxidation of superoxide ion (O2-) to O2 and the reduction of O2- to H2O2 and functions as a third generation O2- biosensor. Superoxides 279-281 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 58-61 12123083-1 2002 A superoxide dismutase (SOD)-modified electrode, in which SOD is oriented on the gold electrode via a self-assembled monolayer of cysteine so as to allow its direct electrode reaction, possesses a bi-directional electrocatalysis for both the oxidation of superoxide ion (O2-) to O2 and the reduction of O2- to H2O2 and functions as a third generation O2- biosensor. Superoxides 279-281 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 2-22 12123083-1 2002 A superoxide dismutase (SOD)-modified electrode, in which SOD is oriented on the gold electrode via a self-assembled monolayer of cysteine so as to allow its direct electrode reaction, possesses a bi-directional electrocatalysis for both the oxidation of superoxide ion (O2-) to O2 and the reduction of O2- to H2O2 and functions as a third generation O2- biosensor. Superoxides 279-281 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 24-27 12123083-1 2002 A superoxide dismutase (SOD)-modified electrode, in which SOD is oriented on the gold electrode via a self-assembled monolayer of cysteine so as to allow its direct electrode reaction, possesses a bi-directional electrocatalysis for both the oxidation of superoxide ion (O2-) to O2 and the reduction of O2- to H2O2 and functions as a third generation O2- biosensor. Superoxides 279-281 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 58-61 11959633-1 2002 Our purpose was to address the role of NAPDH oxidase-derived superoxide anion in the vascular response to ANG II. Superoxides 61-77 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 106-112 11959633-4 2002 Superoxide anion levels were increased twofold in ANG II-treated wild-type mice but not in hSOD mice. Superoxides 0-16 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 50-56 11959652-0 2002 Calcium- and superoxide anion-mediated mitogenic action of substance P on cardiac fibroblasts. Superoxides 13-29 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 59-70 11959652-6 2002 A combination of substance P and EGTA enhanced superoxide generation without an increase in DNA synthesis, showing that an increase in superoxide production does not result in hyperplasia when extracellular Ca(2+) is chelated. Superoxides 47-57 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 17-28 11959652-6 2002 A combination of substance P and EGTA enhanced superoxide generation without an increase in DNA synthesis, showing that an increase in superoxide production does not result in hyperplasia when extracellular Ca(2+) is chelated. Superoxides 135-145 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 17-28 11962667-5 2002 The antioxidant capacities of each material were assessed by their ability to inhibit cytochrome C reduction by O2*- fluxes, generated via the oxidation of hypoxanthine by xanthine oxidase, and their inhibition of 2-deoxy-D-ribose degradation by *OH fluxes, generated by the reaction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and iron (Fe2+). Superoxides 112-114 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 86-98 12374897-0 2002 Antioxidative effects of fluvastatin on superoxide anion activated by angiotensin II in human aortic smooth muscle cells. Superoxides 40-56 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 70-84 11955672-8 2002 As no changes in glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were observed in overfed rats, while SOD and Cu-Zn SOD activities were decreased in these animals, it is assumed that superoxide anion is an important intermediate in the toxicity of ad lib. Superoxides 167-183 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 94-103 11953403-0 2002 A superoxide-hypersusceptible Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium mutant is attenuated but regains virulence in p47(phox-/-) mice. Superoxides 2-12 NSFL1 (p97) cofactor (p47) Mus musculus 116-119 11961046-8 2002 Time course studies and experiments with SN50 and M40403 suggest that O(2) production and NF-kappaB translocation may be involved in necrosis and apoptosis, but the latter also requires an increased expression of Bax. Superoxides 70-74 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 213-216 12374897-1 2002 We examined the antioxidative effects of fluvastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor (statin), on superoxide anion formation activated by angiotensin II (Ang II) in vitro. Superoxides 127-143 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 167-181 12374897-3 2002 Treatment of human aortic smooth muscle cells (hASMC) with Ang II for 24 hours resulted in a 3.2 +/- 0.5-fold increase in intracellular superoxide anion formation as detected by lucigenin assay. Superoxides 136-152 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 59-65 12374897-4 2002 hASMC treated with clinical concentrations of fluvastatin (0-100 nM) showed a dose-dependent decrease in Ang II-activated superoxide anion formation. Superoxides 122-138 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 105-111 12374897-5 2002 The addition of similar concentrations of trolox to hASMC inhibited Ang II-activated superoxide anion formation in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 85-101 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 68-74 12038779-10 2002 CONCLUSIONS: LDL cholesterol increases platelet O2- production by activating PLA2 and NADH/NADPH enzymes. Superoxides 48-50 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 77-81 12044962-7 2002 In addition, ApoE(-/-) mice fed the calorie-restricted diet showed a significant decrease in the level of lipid hydroperoxides and the production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in the aorta as compared to ApoE(-/-) mice fed AL. Superoxides 149-159 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 13-17 11991808-2 2002 In approximately 20% of the familial and 2% of sporadic cases the disease is due to a defect in the gene encoding the cytosolic antioxidant enzyme Cu, Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1). Superoxides 154-164 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 176-180 12398152-8 2002 Under physiological conditions, thiyl radicals can react with thiolate anion yielding disulfide radical anion (RSSR)-* as an intermediate and finally disulfides and superoxide radical anion (O2-*), which is next inactivated in the reaction catalyzed by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 165-189 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 253-273 12398152-8 2002 Under physiological conditions, thiyl radicals can react with thiolate anion yielding disulfide radical anion (RSSR)-* as an intermediate and finally disulfides and superoxide radical anion (O2-*), which is next inactivated in the reaction catalyzed by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 165-189 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 275-278 12398152-8 2002 Under physiological conditions, thiyl radicals can react with thiolate anion yielding disulfide radical anion (RSSR)-* as an intermediate and finally disulfides and superoxide radical anion (O2-*), which is next inactivated in the reaction catalyzed by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 191-193 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 253-273 12398152-8 2002 Under physiological conditions, thiyl radicals can react with thiolate anion yielding disulfide radical anion (RSSR)-* as an intermediate and finally disulfides and superoxide radical anion (O2-*), which is next inactivated in the reaction catalyzed by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 191-193 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 275-278 11916928-10 2002 Upregulation of iNOS and raised NO generation are accompanied by a marked concomitant increase of superoxide production, a condition favoring the production of peroxynitrite, a powerful pro-oxidant that can mediate the toxic effects of high glucose on heart by itself and/or via the formation of nitrotyrosine, as suggested by the detection of cell apoptosis. Superoxides 98-108 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 16-20 12173415-12 2002 FMLP stimulated the production of superoxide; however, 8,9-EET did not. Superoxides 34-44 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 11937300-0 2002 Genetic control of neutrophil superoxide production in diabetes-resistant ALR/Lt mice. Superoxides 30-40 growth factor, augmenter of liver regeneration Mus musculus 74-77 11937300-3 2002 In contrast, ALR mice exhibited a markedly suppressed superoxide burst. Superoxides 54-64 growth factor, augmenter of liver regeneration Mus musculus 13-16 12182914-2 2002 Oxidative stress in blood platelets was estimated by the measurement of: (1) the generation of superoxide radicals (O(2)(-*)) (reduction of cytochrome c) and other reactive oxygen species--ROS: H(2)O(2), singlet oxygen and organic radicals (chemiluminescence), (2) the production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and the level of conjugate dienes as markers of lipid peroxidation. Superoxides 95-105 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 140-152 12182914-2 2002 Oxidative stress in blood platelets was estimated by the measurement of: (1) the generation of superoxide radicals (O(2)(-*)) (reduction of cytochrome c) and other reactive oxygen species--ROS: H(2)O(2), singlet oxygen and organic radicals (chemiluminescence), (2) the production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and the level of conjugate dienes as markers of lipid peroxidation. Superoxides 116-120 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 140-152 11959796-17 2002 These results suggest that in STZ-induced diabetic rats, ET-1 may be directly involved in impairing endothelium-dependent relaxation via increased superoxide-anion production. Superoxides 147-163 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 57-61 12101082-4 2002 In addition, analysis of the mode of action of IL-1 beta revealed a novel induction of intracellular ROS, including hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), the superoxide anion (O(2)(-*)) and the hydroxyl radical (*OH). Superoxides 150-166 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 47-56 11938511-0 2002 Exposure to particles stimulates superoxide production by human THP-1 macrophages and avian HD-11EM osteoclasts activated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and PMA. Superoxides 33-43 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 64-69 11938511-0 2002 Exposure to particles stimulates superoxide production by human THP-1 macrophages and avian HD-11EM osteoclasts activated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and PMA. Superoxides 33-43 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 125-152 11938511-5 2002 Similarly, particle stimulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-activated THP-1 cells increased O2- release. Superoxides 95-97 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 35-62 11938511-5 2002 Similarly, particle stimulation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-activated THP-1 cells increased O2- release. Superoxides 95-97 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 73-78 11927650-5 2002 Glucosamine (0.01-1 mM) dose-dependently suppressed the superoxide anion generation induced by formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) or complement-opsonized zymosan and inhibited the phagocytosis of complement-opsonized zymosan or IgG-opsonized latex particles. Superoxides 56-72 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 95-113 11927650-5 2002 Glucosamine (0.01-1 mM) dose-dependently suppressed the superoxide anion generation induced by formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) or complement-opsonized zymosan and inhibited the phagocytosis of complement-opsonized zymosan or IgG-opsonized latex particles. Superoxides 56-72 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 115-119 11927657-4 2002 The ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF)-inhibitor brefeldin A (BFA) inhibited the fMLP-stimulated O2*- production strongly, whereas it did not influence any of the exocytic responses, and no significant effect of BFA was detected on the O2*- generation induced by other stimuli. Superoxides 92-94 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 76-80 11927657-5 2002 On the basis of these results, we propose that upon chemoattractant stimulation, PLD activity is involved in induction of degranulation and O2*- production, but a BFA-sensitive ARF is only required to the activation of the NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 140-144 glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1 Homo sapiens 81-84 12034023-5 2002 Macrophage functions, such as production of superoxide anion and phagocytosis, also were stimulated by IL-1beta gene injection. Superoxides 44-60 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 103-111 11972610-8 2002 RESULTS: Cross-linking of FcepsilonRI on RBL-2H3 cells or on human leucocytes from healthy donors by the anti-FcepsilonRI mAb resulted in a rapid generation of superoxide anion, as determined by chemiluminescence using superoxide-specific probes. Superoxides 160-176 RB transcriptional corepressor like 2 Rattus norvegicus 41-46 11972610-8 2002 RESULTS: Cross-linking of FcepsilonRI on RBL-2H3 cells or on human leucocytes from healthy donors by the anti-FcepsilonRI mAb resulted in a rapid generation of superoxide anion, as determined by chemiluminescence using superoxide-specific probes. Superoxides 160-170 RB transcriptional corepressor like 2 Rattus norvegicus 41-46 11972610-11 2002 CONCLUSION: These results indicate that both RBL-2H3 cells and human basophils generate superoxide anion upon FcepsilonRI cross-linking either by antibody or by allergen challenge and that blockade of the generation prevents the release of allergic mediators. Superoxides 88-104 RB transcriptional corepressor like 2 Rattus norvegicus 45-50 11784711-0 2002 Superoxide mediates shock wave induction of ERK-dependent osteogenic transcription factor (CBFA1) and mesenchymal cell differentiation toward osteoprogenitors. Superoxides 0-10 RUNX family transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 91-96 11784711-9 2002 In support that O(2)(-) mediated the ESW-induced ERK activation and osteogenic differentiation, we further demonstrated that scavenging of O(2)(-) by superoxide dismutase and inhibition of ERK activation by PD98059 decreased specific osteogenic transcription factor, core binding factor A1 activation, and decreased osteocalcin expression. Superoxides 16-20 bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein Homo sapiens 316-327 11879202-0 2002 The ratio between tetrahydrobiopterin and oxidized tetrahydrobiopterin analogues controls superoxide release from endothelial nitric oxide synthase: an EPR spin trapping study. Superoxides 90-100 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 114-147 11879202-2 2002 Purified endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) generates superoxide under limited availability of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)). Superoxides 60-70 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 9-42 11879202-2 2002 Purified endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) generates superoxide under limited availability of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)). Superoxides 60-70 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 44-48 11879202-3 2002 Thus alterations in endothelial BH(4) levels have been postulated to stimulate superoxide production from eNOS. Superoxides 79-89 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 106-110 11879202-4 2002 This possibility was examined by determining the concentration-dependent effects of BH(4), and its analogues, on superoxide formation by eNOS. Superoxides 113-123 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 137-141 11879202-5 2002 Superoxide was quantified by EPR spin trapping, which is the only available technique to quantify superoxide from eNOS. Superoxides 0-10 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 114-118 11879202-5 2002 Superoxide was quantified by EPR spin trapping, which is the only available technique to quantify superoxide from eNOS. Superoxides 98-108 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 114-118 11879202-6 2002 Using 5-ethoxycarbonyl-5-methyl-pyrroline N-oxide, we show that only fully reduced BH(4) diminished superoxide release from eNOS, with efficiency BH(4)>6-methyl-BH(4)>5-methyl-BH(4). Superoxides 100-110 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 124-128 11879202-14 2002 Collectively, these results indicate that the ratio between oxidized and reduced BH(4) metabolites tightly regulates superoxide formation from eNOS. Superoxides 117-127 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 143-147 11733522-1 2002 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes consists of a membranal heterodimeric flavocytochrome (cytochrome b(559)), composed of gp91(phox) and p22(phox) subunits, and four cytosolic proteins, p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (1 or 2). Superoxides 4-14 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 224-227 11884382-1 2002 Angiotensin II infusion causes endothelial dysfunction by increasing NAD(P)H oxidase-mediated vascular superoxide production. Superoxides 103-113 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-14 11884382-2 2002 However, it remains to be elucidated how in vivo angiotensin II treatment may alter the expression of the gp91(phox) isoforms and the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS III) and subsequent signaling events and whether, in addition to the NAD(P)H oxidase, NOS III contributes to vascular superoxide formation. Superoxides 291-301 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 49-63 11884382-5 2002 Angiotensin II caused endothelial dysfunction and increased vascular superoxide. Superoxides 69-79 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-14 11884382-7 2002 NOS-inhibition with N(G)-nitro-L-arginine decreased superoxide in vessels from angiotensin II-treated animals, compatible with NOS-uncoupling. Superoxides 52-62 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 79-93 11884382-10 2002 In vivo PKC-inhibition with chelerythrine reduced angiotensin II-induced superoxide production and markedly inhibited upregulation of NAD(P)H oxidase subunits. Superoxides 73-83 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 50-64 11911574-7 2002 Inhibition of IL-8 reduced endothelial cell permeability and neutrophil degranulation induced by exposure to M haemolytica-derived supernatant, whereas inhibition of PAF decreased superoxide release by neutrophils. Superoxides 180-190 PCNA-associated factor Bos taurus 166-169 11918852-10 2002 On the contrary, the proliferation of LAK cells induced by IL-2 was stimulated by certain concentrations of NO or O2-. Superoxides 114-116 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 59-63 11911574-9 2002 Neutrophil-mediated endothelial injury and neutrophil degranulation were, at least in part, mediated by IL8, whereas PAF promoted superoxide release by neutrophils in this in vitro system designed to mimic the in vivo events that occur during the early stages of bovine pneumonic pasteurellosis. Superoxides 130-140 PCNA-associated factor Bos taurus 117-120 11867678-4 2002 Previously, LTB(4) and C5a have been shown in vitro to be inactivated by metabolites of superoxide. Superoxides 88-98 hemolytic complement Mus musculus 23-26 11849440-5 2002 More recent data, however, have shown that the iNOS can be a superoxide, peroxynitrite as well as a nitric oxide-producing enzyme, while the biological effects of iNOS probably depend upon the sort of radical species released by the enzyme as well as the anti-oxidant capacity of the cellular microenvironment of the enzyme. Superoxides 61-71 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 47-51 12030423-3 2002 The results demonstrate the inhibitory effect of high Mg concentration as shown by the significant reduction of superoxide anion production following phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) activation. Superoxides 112-128 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 224-228 11882706-1 2002 Periplasmic copper- and zinc-cofactored superoxide dismutases ([Cu,Zn]-SODs, SodC) of several Gram-negative pathogens can protect against superoxide-radical-mediated host defences, and thus contribute to virulence. Superoxides 138-156 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 77-81 11882706-4 2002 In comparison to wild-type, while sodC mutants--whether single or double--showed no impairment in growth, they all showed equally enhanced sensitivity to superoxide and a dramatically increased sensitivity to the combination of superoxide and nitric oxide in vitro. Superoxides 154-164 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 34-38 11882706-4 2002 In comparison to wild-type, while sodC mutants--whether single or double--showed no impairment in growth, they all showed equally enhanced sensitivity to superoxide and a dramatically increased sensitivity to the combination of superoxide and nitric oxide in vitro. Superoxides 228-238 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 34-38 11882706-9 2002 Loss of either sodC gene confers maximum vulnerability to superoxide on S. choleraesuis. Superoxides 58-68 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 15-19 11872908-9 2002 A deficiency in MnSOD in mutant mice increased mitochondrial O2*- production and exacerbated cerebral infarction, worsening neurological deficits after ischemia/reperfusion. Superoxides 61-64 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 16-21 12014661-3 2002 Myeloperoxidase converts hydrogen peroxide into the selective apoptosis mediator HOCl, which interacts with transformed target cell-derived superoxide anions and generates apoptosis-inducing hydroxyl radicals. Superoxides 140-157 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 0-15 11854621-5 2002 In two cell lines, the effects of TNF-alpha were completely abolished by superoxide dismutase, suggesting that superoxide anion mediates the effects. Superoxides 111-127 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 34-43 11854621-12 2002 CONCLUSIONS: These studies suggest that TNF-alpha inhibits proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells by increasing the production of superoxide anion and that endogenously produced NO protects against this effect. Superoxides 132-148 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 40-49 11942325-1 2002 The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of superoxide anion(O2-) in the regulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and proliferation in the prostate cancer cell line PC3. Superoxides 57-73 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 133-165 11942325-1 2002 The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of superoxide anion(O2-) in the regulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and proliferation in the prostate cancer cell line PC3. Superoxides 57-73 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 167-171 11942325-1 2002 The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of superoxide anion(O2-) in the regulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and proliferation in the prostate cancer cell line PC3. Superoxides 74-77 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 133-165 11942325-1 2002 The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of superoxide anion(O2-) in the regulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and proliferation in the prostate cancer cell line PC3. Superoxides 74-77 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 167-171 11942325-4 2002 EGF or EGFR mRNA expression in the cells treated with O2- was examined by in situ hybridisation. Superoxides 54-56 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 7-11 11741883-2 2002 We have demonstrated previously that oxidative stress induced by benzenetriol-mediated superoxide production increases interleukin-1beta-induced iNOS protein synthesis, steady state iNOS mRNA expression, NO production, iNOS gene transcription, and trans-activation of the iNOS promoter in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Superoxides 87-97 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 119-136 11741883-2 2002 We have demonstrated previously that oxidative stress induced by benzenetriol-mediated superoxide production increases interleukin-1beta-induced iNOS protein synthesis, steady state iNOS mRNA expression, NO production, iNOS gene transcription, and trans-activation of the iNOS promoter in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Superoxides 87-97 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 145-149 11741883-2 2002 We have demonstrated previously that oxidative stress induced by benzenetriol-mediated superoxide production increases interleukin-1beta-induced iNOS protein synthesis, steady state iNOS mRNA expression, NO production, iNOS gene transcription, and trans-activation of the iNOS promoter in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Superoxides 87-97 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 182-186 11741883-2 2002 We have demonstrated previously that oxidative stress induced by benzenetriol-mediated superoxide production increases interleukin-1beta-induced iNOS protein synthesis, steady state iNOS mRNA expression, NO production, iNOS gene transcription, and trans-activation of the iNOS promoter in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Superoxides 87-97 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 182-186 11741883-2 2002 We have demonstrated previously that oxidative stress induced by benzenetriol-mediated superoxide production increases interleukin-1beta-induced iNOS protein synthesis, steady state iNOS mRNA expression, NO production, iNOS gene transcription, and trans-activation of the iNOS promoter in primary cultures of rat hepatocytes. Superoxides 87-97 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 182-186 11830497-2 2002 Here it is postulated that increased PLD activity generating phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol (DAG) is essential for superoxide release and degranulation and that ceramide, previously shown to be generated during PMN activation, inhibits PLD activation, thereby leading to inhibition of PMN function. Superoxides 121-131 glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1 Homo sapiens 37-40 11854127-13 2002 Additional experiments showed that increased vascular superoxide production induced by 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione (LY85385) reduces sGC-activity but increases sGC-expression. Superoxides 54-64 sarcoglycan beta Homo sapiens 134-137 11854127-13 2002 Additional experiments showed that increased vascular superoxide production induced by 6-anilino-5,8-quinolinedione (LY85385) reduces sGC-activity but increases sGC-expression. Superoxides 54-64 sarcoglycan beta Homo sapiens 161-164 11830497-8 2002 In conclusion, superoxide, gelatinase, and lactoferrin release require activation of the PLD pathway in primed PMNs and cytochalasin B-treated PMNs. Superoxides 15-25 glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1 Homo sapiens 89-92 11834706-0 2002 Essential role of the NADPH oxidase subunit p47(phox) in endothelial cell superoxide production in response to phorbol ester and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Superoxides 74-84 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 129-156 11823532-9 2002 Ecalectin induced concentration-dependent superoxide production from eosinophils but did not induce degranulation; usually these two events are coupled in eosinophil activation. Superoxides 42-52 galectin 9 Homo sapiens 0-9 11899098-5 2002 Reactive oxygen species (e.g., superoxide, peroxynitrite, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical) are all potential reactants capable of initiating DNA single strand breakage, with subsequent activation of the nuclear enzyme poly (ADP ribose) synthetase (PARS), leading to eventual severe energy depletion of the cells, and necrotic-type cell death. Superoxides 31-41 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 225-253 12622181-5 2002 The activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were enhanced, which might be to eliminate the superoxide radical and H2O2 and accompanied by a fall in glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity. Superoxides 156-174 catalase Rattus norvegicus 67-75 11905990-4 2002 It was also highly likely that the involved superoxide-generating enzyme was nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and that the PTX-sensitive cytotoxic signal by M146L-PS1 was mediated by none of the G(i/o) proteins. Superoxides 44-54 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 77-98 11849390-10 2002 Furthermore, superoxide release in response to immune complexes, phorbol ester (PMA), and bacterial peptide (FMLP) was significantly decreased. Superoxides 13-23 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 109-113 11849390-14 2002 Specific inhibition of apoptosis by caspase-3 blockade prevented the increase in ANCA-antigen expression and preserved the capability of generating superoxide, thereby establishing a causative role for apoptosis. Superoxides 148-158 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 36-45 11834706-7 2002 Prestimulation with PMA (100 ng/mL) or TNFalpha (100 U/mL) for 10 minutes significantly increased NADPH-dependent O(2)(-) production in wild-type CMECs, assessed either by lucigenin (5 micromol/L) chemiluminescence or dichlorohydrofluorescein (DCF) fluorescence. Superoxides 114-118 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 39-47 11945083-2 2002 The superoxide dismutase (SOD) level, responsible for eliminating toxic superoxides, drops significantly in pre-eclampsia. Superoxides 72-83 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 4-24 11945083-2 2002 The superoxide dismutase (SOD) level, responsible for eliminating toxic superoxides, drops significantly in pre-eclampsia. Superoxides 72-83 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 26-29 11812279-4 2002 We injected botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT) into muscles of normal C57BL/6 mice and transgenic mice expressing the G93A mutation in the superoxide dismutase 1 gene (SOD1-G93A mutation, a model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) several days before inoculation with adenoviruses. Superoxides 134-144 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 163-167 11796199-6 2002 The coincubation of *NO and 6-hydroxydopamine with either bovine serum albumin or alpha-synuclein led to tyrosine nitration of the protein, in a concentration dependent-manner and sensitive to superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 193-203 albumin Homo sapiens 65-78 11719086-5 2002 In the hyperlipidemic patients, a positive correlation was found between the degree of DNA damage and the basic oxidation of PMNLs (r=0.517), and the superoxide anion production of the cells stimulated with phorbolmiristate acetate (PMA) (r=0.326) and formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP) (r=0.525) as well. Superoxides 150-166 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 252-270 11719086-5 2002 In the hyperlipidemic patients, a positive correlation was found between the degree of DNA damage and the basic oxidation of PMNLs (r=0.517), and the superoxide anion production of the cells stimulated with phorbolmiristate acetate (PMA) (r=0.326) and formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP) (r=0.525) as well. Superoxides 150-166 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 272-276 11755532-4 2002 Moreover, caspase-3 stimulated the rate of mitochondrial state 4 respiration, superoxide production and NAD(P)H oxidation in a Bcl-xL- and cyclosporin A-inhibitable manner. Superoxides 78-88 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 10-19 11780125-5 2002 Here we show that superoxide increases mitochondrial proton conductance through effects on UCP1, UCP2 and UCP3. Superoxides 18-28 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 97-101 12477274-2 2002 METHODS AND RESULTS: Exposure of cord and adult macrophages to IFN-gamma gave quantitatively different results in Candida killing, as well as in release of superoxide anion (O2-). Superoxides 156-172 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 63-72 11818515-0 2002 The extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway is involved in human sperm function and modulated by the superoxide anion. Superoxides 113-129 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 43-46 11818515-1 2002 Our aim was to ascertain the role of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathway in human sperm capacitation induced by fetal cord serum ultrafiltrate (FCSu) and its regulation by the superoxide anion (O(2)(-)*). Superoxides 204-220 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 41-86 11818515-1 2002 Our aim was to ascertain the role of the extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) pathway in human sperm capacitation induced by fetal cord serum ultrafiltrate (FCSu) and its regulation by the superoxide anion (O(2)(-)*). Superoxides 204-220 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 88-91 11818515-4 2002 Therefore, the whole ERK cascade plays a role in capacitation, downstream of O(2)(-)* but upstream of protein tyrosine phosphorylation. Superoxides 77-81 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 21-24 11818515-7 2002 The phospho-Ser/Thr-Pro content (characteristic of ERK1/2 substrates) of Triton-insoluble proteins (75 and 80 kDa) increased during capacitation and also appeared to be regulated by O(2)(-)* and the ERK pathway. Superoxides 182-186 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 51-57 11818515-7 2002 The phospho-Ser/Thr-Pro content (characteristic of ERK1/2 substrates) of Triton-insoluble proteins (75 and 80 kDa) increased during capacitation and also appeared to be regulated by O(2)(-)* and the ERK pathway. Superoxides 182-186 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 51-54 12555808-6 2002 These specific changes induced by UCP-2 antisense oligonucleotides were correlated with a rise in extracellular superoxide anion production and oxidative stress assessed by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance values. Superoxides 112-128 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 34-39 12082283-4 2002 Using L-NMMA (1 mM), as a NO synthase inhibitor, and CuDips (10 microM), as a SOD mimetic, we provide evidence that the inhibitory potency of IL-1beta on proteoglycan synthesis and its stimulating effect on COX-2 activity depend both on NO and O2-* production. Superoxides 244-246 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 142-150 11744035-11 2002 In line with this finding the NADPH induced O(2)(-) formation was enhanced in cardiac extracts from apoE-/- hearts. Superoxides 44-49 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 100-104 11744035-12 2002 CONCLUSION: apoE-/- hearts develop a hemodynamically relevant endothelial dysfunction at the level of coronary resistance vessels most likely via inactivation of bioavailable NO by superoxide anions. Superoxides 181-198 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 12-16 12477274-2 2002 METHODS AND RESULTS: Exposure of cord and adult macrophages to IFN-gamma gave quantitatively different results in Candida killing, as well as in release of superoxide anion (O2-). Superoxides 174-176 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 63-72 11756341-5 2002 Both the increase in tyrosine nitration and the decrease in PGIS activity were lessened by decreasing either nitric oxide or superoxide anion, suggesting that ONOO(-) was responsible. Superoxides 125-141 prostaglandin I2 synthase Homo sapiens 60-64 11789672-9 2002 When IL-8 was added to cultured granulocytes, the levels of CD18 expression on granulocytes and superoxide anion production by granulocytes were significantly increased. Superoxides 96-112 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 5-9 12198815-6 2002 Growing evidence indicates that AR has a key role in oxidative stress in the peripheral nerve and contributes to superoxide production by the vascular endothelium. Superoxides 113-123 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 32-34 12145537-2 2002 METHODS: The effect of in vitro incubation with HeLa 229 cells persistently infected with influenza virus B/Lee/40 (He/Le cells) on the generation of superoxide anion by human granulocytes was examined by a cytochrome c reduction assay. Superoxides 150-166 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 207-219 11813269-0 2002 Characterization of interferon gamma receptors on osteoclasts: effect of interferon gamma on osteoclastic superoxide generation. Superoxides 106-116 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 20-36 11781387-4 2002 Pretreatment of neutrophils with PP1 and with the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 resulted in a strong inhibition of fMLP-induced superoxide production and cytokine-mediated survival but not fMLP-induced migration. Superoxides 122-132 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 109-113 11756504-2 2002 We have reported that overexpression of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) reduced superoxide production and ameliorated neuronal injury in the hippocampal CA1 subregion after global ischemia. Superoxides 52-62 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 74-78 11786100-1 2002 BACKGROUND: Angiotensin II (Ang II) can up-regulate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NAD(P)H] oxidase, whose product superoxide anion (O2-) can interact with nitric oxide (NO) to form peroxynitrite (ONOO-). Superoxides 129-145 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 12-26 11786100-1 2002 BACKGROUND: Angiotensin II (Ang II) can up-regulate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NAD(P)H] oxidase, whose product superoxide anion (O2-) can interact with nitric oxide (NO) to form peroxynitrite (ONOO-). Superoxides 129-145 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 28-34 11786100-1 2002 BACKGROUND: Angiotensin II (Ang II) can up-regulate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NAD(P)H] oxidase, whose product superoxide anion (O2-) can interact with nitric oxide (NO) to form peroxynitrite (ONOO-). Superoxides 147-150 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 12-26 11786100-1 2002 BACKGROUND: Angiotensin II (Ang II) can up-regulate nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NAD(P)H] oxidase, whose product superoxide anion (O2-) can interact with nitric oxide (NO) to form peroxynitrite (ONOO-). Superoxides 147-150 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 28-34 11834870-4 2002 Our results demonstrated that the superoxide production of mesangial cells increased after LDL stimulation (100 microg/ml for 4 h) and that the superoxide production was significantly suppressed by either superoxide dismutase (SOD; 500 U/ml for 36 h; p < 0.01) or pravastatin (80 microM for 36 h; p < 0.05). Superoxides 144-154 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 205-225 11834870-4 2002 Our results demonstrated that the superoxide production of mesangial cells increased after LDL stimulation (100 microg/ml for 4 h) and that the superoxide production was significantly suppressed by either superoxide dismutase (SOD; 500 U/ml for 36 h; p < 0.01) or pravastatin (80 microM for 36 h; p < 0.05). Superoxides 144-154 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 227-230 18475421-1 2002 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is the scavenger of superoxide anion (O2(-)) and functions as a protector of living bodies. Superoxides 47-63 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 18475421-1 2002 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is the scavenger of superoxide anion (O2(-)) and functions as a protector of living bodies. Superoxides 47-63 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 18475421-1 2002 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is the scavenger of superoxide anion (O2(-)) and functions as a protector of living bodies. Superoxides 65-70 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 18475421-1 2002 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is the scavenger of superoxide anion (O2(-)) and functions as a protector of living bodies. Superoxides 65-70 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 11992497-1 2002 By use of an optimized cytochrome c-based biosensor, superoxide radical production was measured continuously in vivo. Superoxides 53-71 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 23-35 11813269-0 2002 Characterization of interferon gamma receptors on osteoclasts: effect of interferon gamma on osteoclastic superoxide generation. Superoxides 106-116 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 73-89 11813269-6 2002 Specific binding of IFN-gamma to the osteoclastic receptor stimulates osteoclastic superoxide generation. Superoxides 83-93 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 20-29 11813269-7 2002 The p91 and p47 components of the NADPH oxidase increase after IFN-gamma stimulation and may account for the enhanced superoxide generation. Superoxides 118-128 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 63-72 11813269-8 2002 Antisense experiments targeting p91 and p47 subunits abrogate the increased osteoclastic superoxide production stimulated by IFN-gamma. Superoxides 89-99 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 125-134 11813269-9 2002 Thus, superoxide generation by osteoclasts is stimulated by activation of a functional IFN-gamma receptor on the osteoclast. Superoxides 6-16 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 87-96 12688508-0 2002 Inhibition of superoxide generation from fMLP-stimulated leukocytes by high concentrations of nitric oxide or peroxynitrite: characterization by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Superoxides 14-24 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 41-45 12688508-2 2002 We demonstrated that ONOO- (100 microM) decreased the ESR signal of DEPMPO-OOH from fMLP-activated PMNs, indicating the inhibition of O2*- generation, while it enhanced the signal of DEPMPO-OH. Superoxides 134-136 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 84-88 12688508-4 2002 NOR-1 inhibited O2*- generation more effectively under conditions in which ONOO-was formed concurrently. Superoxides 16-18 nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 3 Homo sapiens 0-5 12688508-5 2002 The ability of high concentrations of either ONOO- or NO* to inhibit O2*-generation from fMLP-stimulated PMNs is relevant to pathophysiological conditions, such as severe inflammation, in which NO* or ONOO- production can be significantly elevated. Superoxides 69-71 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 89-93 12212372-4 2002 Examining the level of FMLP-stimulated production of superoxide in patients with surgical infection revealed that the amount of the superoxide produced by neutrophils noticeably decreased and droppped by more than 5 times in sepsis. Superoxides 53-63 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 23-27 12212372-4 2002 Examining the level of FMLP-stimulated production of superoxide in patients with surgical infection revealed that the amount of the superoxide produced by neutrophils noticeably decreased and droppped by more than 5 times in sepsis. Superoxides 132-142 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 23-27 11579094-4 2001 Previously, we showed that DOX undergoes a reductive activation at the reductase domain of endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) forming the semiquinone and superoxide (Vasquez-Vivar, J., Martasek, P., Hogg, N., Masters, B. S. S., Pritchard, K. A., Jr., and Kalyanaraman, B. Superoxides 160-170 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 91-124 12060227-5 2002 Accumulation of alpha-DOX1 transcripts is impaired in SA-compromised plants and induced by SA and by chemicals generating nitric oxide (NO), intracellular superoxide or singlet oxygen, three signals mediating host cell death. Superoxides 155-165 Peroxidase superfamily protein Arabidopsis thaliana 22-26 11739410-0 2001 VDAC-dependent permeabilization of the outer mitochondrial membrane by superoxide induces rapid and massive cytochrome c release. Superoxides 71-81 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 108-120 11739410-3 2001 Exposure of permeabilized HepG2 cells to O2*- elicited rapid and massive cytochrome c release (CCR), whereas H2O2 failed to induce any release. Superoxides 41-44 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 73-85 11739410-7 2001 Furthermore, VDAC-reconstituted liposomes permeated cytochrome c after O2*- exposure, and this release was prevented by VDAC blocker. Superoxides 71-73 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 52-64 11761717-6 2001 Together with the fact that nitric oxide (NO) plays a potential role in neuronal differentiation, and that large amounts of NO have cytotoxicity from the reaction of NO with superoxide anions, our data suggested that the expressions of both SOD1 and SOD2, as scavengers of superoxide anions, were maintained from an early developmental stage to prepare stage-specific nNOS expression for a potential differentiation role and to elude NO cytotoxicity. Superoxides 174-184 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 241-245 11709424-5 2001 IL-1 beta treatment stimulated superoxide production in VSM cells that was inhibited by pretreatment of cells with the superoxide scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and also by overexpression of the human manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene. Superoxides 31-41 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 0-9 11709424-5 2001 IL-1 beta treatment stimulated superoxide production in VSM cells that was inhibited by pretreatment of cells with the superoxide scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and also by overexpression of the human manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene. Superoxides 119-129 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 0-9 11709424-8 2001 The results demonstrate that IL-1 beta-dependent MMP-9 induction is mediated by superoxide-stimulated ERK activation. Superoxides 80-90 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 29-38 11709424-8 2001 The results demonstrate that IL-1 beta-dependent MMP-9 induction is mediated by superoxide-stimulated ERK activation. Superoxides 80-90 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 102-105 11738065-4 2001 O(2)(-) production was assessed by lucigenin chemiluminescence and cytochrome c reduction assay. Superoxides 0-7 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 67-79 11903306-2 2001 Dichlorofluorescein oxidation and electrochemical monitoring of in situ nitric oxide (NO) release from cultured human endothelial cells reveals that agonists such as thrombin and histamine simultaneously stimulate transient superoxide production. Superoxides 224-234 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 166-174 11738065-8 2001 Predominance of NADPH- over NADH-dependent O(2)(-) production was confirmed in cell homogenates and by cytochrome c reduction assay. Superoxides 43-50 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 103-115 11738154-0 2001 Plasma concentration of myeloperoxidase enzyme in pre- and post-climacterial people: related superoxide anion generation. Superoxides 93-109 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 24-39 11738154-7 2001 Adding the MPO inhibitors 4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide (ABAH) and indomethacin to the granulocytes, the generation of superoxide anion increased and the decreasing effect of the steroids on superoxide production was inhibited. Superoxides 119-135 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 11-14 11738154-7 2001 Adding the MPO inhibitors 4-aminobenzoic acid hydrazide (ABAH) and indomethacin to the granulocytes, the generation of superoxide anion increased and the decreasing effect of the steroids on superoxide production was inhibited. Superoxides 119-129 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 11-14 11738154-8 2001 Incubating the neutrophils with the product of the reaction catalyzed by MPO itself (hypochlorite anion), we found significant decrease in superoxide generation. Superoxides 139-149 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 73-76 11738154-9 2001 According to our results MPO seems to diminish the production of superoxide anion and so probably has an antioxidant ability. Superoxides 65-81 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 25-28 11794696-1 2001 Cytochalasin B, despite its potent enhancing effect on superoxide (O2-) release triggered by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and many other agonists, significantly inhibited O2- release triggered by interleukin 8 (IL-8) and platelet-activating factor in human neutrophils. Superoxides 55-65 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 134-138 12540279-1 2001 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a critical enzyme responsible for the elimination of superoxide radicals and is considered to be a key anti-oxidant in aerobic cells. Superoxides 83-93 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 12540279-1 2001 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a critical enzyme responsible for the elimination of superoxide radicals and is considered to be a key anti-oxidant in aerobic cells. Superoxides 83-93 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 12540279-5 2001 Since SOD is the key enzyme in the first metabolic step of superoxide elimination, deficiency in SOD or inhibition of the enzyme activity may cause severe accumulation of O(2)(*)(-) in cells and lead to cell death. Superoxides 59-69 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 6-9 12540279-5 2001 Since SOD is the key enzyme in the first metabolic step of superoxide elimination, deficiency in SOD or inhibition of the enzyme activity may cause severe accumulation of O(2)(*)(-) in cells and lead to cell death. Superoxides 59-69 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 97-100 12540279-8 2001 This may render the malignant cells more dependent on SOD to eliminate the toxic superoxide radicals and thus potentially more sensitive to SOD inhibitors. Superoxides 81-91 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 54-57 12540279-8 2001 This may render the malignant cells more dependent on SOD to eliminate the toxic superoxide radicals and thus potentially more sensitive to SOD inhibitors. Superoxides 81-91 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 140-143 11811390-10 2001 Indeed, angiotensin II stimulates NAD(P)H oxidases responsible for the formation of superoxide, which inactivates NO. Superoxides 84-94 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 8-22 11794696-1 2001 Cytochalasin B, despite its potent enhancing effect on superoxide (O2-) release triggered by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and many other agonists, significantly inhibited O2- release triggered by interleukin 8 (IL-8) and platelet-activating factor in human neutrophils. Superoxides 67-69 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 134-138 11794696-1 2001 Cytochalasin B, despite its potent enhancing effect on superoxide (O2-) release triggered by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and many other agonists, significantly inhibited O2- release triggered by interleukin 8 (IL-8) and platelet-activating factor in human neutrophils. Superoxides 189-191 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 134-138 11781814-0 2001 Nitric oxide attenuates but superoxide enhances iNOS expression in endotoxin- and IFNgamma-stimulated skeletal muscle endothelial cells. Superoxides 28-38 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 48-52 11781814-2 2001 We tested the hypothesis that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induction in ECs (i.e., one of the steps in the septic process) is modulated by extravascularly generated nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide. Superoxides 197-207 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 30-61 11781814-2 2001 We tested the hypothesis that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) induction in ECs (i.e., one of the steps in the septic process) is modulated by extravascularly generated nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide. Superoxides 197-207 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 63-67 11730359-4 2001 Glomerular macrophages, PMNs, and superoxide anion-positive cells were significantly increased in Thy-1 nephritis. Superoxides 34-50 Thy-1 cell surface antigen Rattus norvegicus 98-103 11705402-1 2001 Activation of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase, a superoxide-generating enzyme, involves assembly of cytosolic p47(phox), p67(phox), and rac with the membrane-associated cytochrome b(558). Superoxides 45-55 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 117-120 11705402-1 2001 Activation of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase, a superoxide-generating enzyme, involves assembly of cytosolic p47(phox), p67(phox), and rac with the membrane-associated cytochrome b(558). Superoxides 45-55 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 132-135 11700991-1 2001 Two commonly used assays for superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity have been compared, one using cytochrome c and the other using XTT (2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide) as the indicating scavenger of superoxide. Superoxides 29-39 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 51-54 11698455-8 2001 In human neutrophils, superoxide generation induced by opsonized zymosan or chemoattractant fMLP was not affected or increased, respectively, after the methyl-beta-cyclodextrin treatment, but the superoxide generation induced by the insoluble immune complex via FcgammaRII was markedly reduced. Superoxides 22-32 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 92-96 11698472-5 2001 IL-1beta primed neutrophils for enhanced release of superoxide (O(2)(-)) stimulated by FMLP in parallel with increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Superoxides 52-62 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 0-8 11698472-5 2001 IL-1beta primed neutrophils for enhanced release of superoxide (O(2)(-)) stimulated by FMLP in parallel with increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Superoxides 52-62 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 87-91 11698472-5 2001 IL-1beta primed neutrophils for enhanced release of superoxide (O(2)(-)) stimulated by FMLP in parallel with increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Superoxides 64-68 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 0-8 11698472-5 2001 IL-1beta primed neutrophils for enhanced release of superoxide (O(2)(-)) stimulated by FMLP in parallel with increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Superoxides 64-68 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 87-91 11527963-4 2001 Here we report important biochemical changes in mev-1 animals that serve to explain their abnormalities under normoxic conditions: (i) an overproduction of superoxide anion from mitochondria; and (ii) a reciprocal reduction in glutathione content even under atmospheric oxygen. Superoxides 156-172 Succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial Caenorhabditis elegans 48-53 11527963-5 2001 In addition, unlike wild type, the levels of superoxide anion production from mev-1 mitochondria were significantly elevated under hyperoxia. Superoxides 45-61 Succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial Caenorhabditis elegans 78-83 11527963-7 2001 Our data suggest that the mev-1(kn1) mutation increases superoxide anion production at complex II itself rather than at complexes I and III. Superoxides 56-72 Succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b560 subunit, mitochondrial Caenorhabditis elegans 26-31 11597896-4 2001 Exposure to ET-1 resulted in increases in superoxide production and viable FPASMCs after 72 h. These increases were prevented by pretreatment with PD-156707. Superoxides 42-52 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 12-16 11597896-6 2001 Wortmannin, LY-294002, diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), 4-(2-aminoethyl)benzenesulfonyl fluoride, and apocynin also prevented the ET-1-mediated increases in superoxide production and viable cell numbers. Superoxides 151-161 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 124-128 11721898-7 2001 On the basis of the studies of the CL, fluorescence, UV-vis and ESCA spectra and the effect of dissolved oxygen in luminol solution, a mechanism for CL emission in unbuffered solution was considered as the formation of a superoxide radical ion during the decomposition of H2O2 catalyzed by the Co(II)-ethanolamine immobilized resin. Superoxides 221-239 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 294-299 11673865-3 2001 The generation of superoxide anion radicals by this system was determined by either reduction of cytochrome c or Pholasin luminescence. Superoxides 18-43 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 97-109 11795629-6 2001 In addition, the fMLP-triggered superoxide production of the PMNs was unchanged by the pretreatment with the PEG-HbV at 600 mg/dl Hb. Superoxides 32-42 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 17-21 11700991-5 2001 Cyanide reacted with cytochrome c, but not XTT, in a concentration- and time-dependent manner and thus diminished its reducibility by superoxide. Superoxides 134-144 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 21-33 11714734-6 2001 Treatments with the Rho inhibitor C3 exotoxin and with cell-permeable superoxide dismutase also decreased AngII-induced O2*- production and myocyte hypertrophy. Superoxides 120-124 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 106-111 11606622-1 2001 Superoxide is produced as a result of normal energy metabolism within the mitochondria and is scavenged by the mitochondrial form of superoxide dismutase (sod2). Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 155-159 11598389-8 2001 The FMLP-activated neutrophils from IgAN patients produced more superoxide than those of MsPGN patients and normal controls. Superoxides 64-74 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 4-8 11598389-9 2001 CONCLUSION: The FMLP-activated neutrophils from patients with IgAN have differential effects in enhancing the cell death and the ET-1 production of glomerular mesangial cells through the release of superoxide. Superoxides 198-208 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 16-20 11598389-9 2001 CONCLUSION: The FMLP-activated neutrophils from patients with IgAN have differential effects in enhancing the cell death and the ET-1 production of glomerular mesangial cells through the release of superoxide. Superoxides 198-208 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 129-133 11755003-8 2001 A range of products have been shown to be produced by human postmortem microglia, both constitutively and in response to treatment with Abeta, including proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, and macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF), along with complement proteins, especially C1q, superoxide radicals and neurotoxic factors. Superoxides 350-360 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 136-141 11731911-2 2001 Procyanidins strongly inhibit superoxide generation with an IC(50) of 7.2 microM, through a direct scavenging of superoxide and prevent the release from calcium ionophore activated neutrophils of beta-glucuronidase (IC(50) = 13.9 microM), myeloperoxidase (IC(50) = 7.2 microM) and elastase (IC(50) = 5.4 microM). Superoxides 30-40 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 239-254 11514583-7 2001 With the use of a superoxide anion (O(2-)) generator, we established an O(2-)-sensitive pathway that blocked HIF-1alpha stabilization in response to NO and TNF-alpha while DFX- and PAO-evoked HIF-1alpha stabilization appeared O(2-)-insensitive. Superoxides 18-34 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 109-119 11514583-7 2001 With the use of a superoxide anion (O(2-)) generator, we established an O(2-)-sensitive pathway that blocked HIF-1alpha stabilization in response to NO and TNF-alpha while DFX- and PAO-evoked HIF-1alpha stabilization appeared O(2-)-insensitive. Superoxides 18-34 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 156-165 11514583-7 2001 With the use of a superoxide anion (O(2-)) generator, we established an O(2-)-sensitive pathway that blocked HIF-1alpha stabilization in response to NO and TNF-alpha while DFX- and PAO-evoked HIF-1alpha stabilization appeared O(2-)-insensitive. Superoxides 18-34 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 192-202 11514583-7 2001 With the use of a superoxide anion (O(2-)) generator, we established an O(2-)-sensitive pathway that blocked HIF-1alpha stabilization in response to NO and TNF-alpha while DFX- and PAO-evoked HIF-1alpha stabilization appeared O(2-)-insensitive. Superoxides 36-42 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 109-119 11514583-7 2001 With the use of a superoxide anion (O(2-)) generator, we established an O(2-)-sensitive pathway that blocked HIF-1alpha stabilization in response to NO and TNF-alpha while DFX- and PAO-evoked HIF-1alpha stabilization appeared O(2-)-insensitive. Superoxides 36-42 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 156-165 11514583-7 2001 With the use of a superoxide anion (O(2-)) generator, we established an O(2-)-sensitive pathway that blocked HIF-1alpha stabilization in response to NO and TNF-alpha while DFX- and PAO-evoked HIF-1alpha stabilization appeared O(2-)-insensitive. Superoxides 36-42 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 192-202 11514583-7 2001 With the use of a superoxide anion (O(2-)) generator, we established an O(2-)-sensitive pathway that blocked HIF-1alpha stabilization in response to NO and TNF-alpha while DFX- and PAO-evoked HIF-1alpha stabilization appeared O(2-)-insensitive. Superoxides 36-41 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 109-119 11514583-7 2001 With the use of a superoxide anion (O(2-)) generator, we established an O(2-)-sensitive pathway that blocked HIF-1alpha stabilization in response to NO and TNF-alpha while DFX- and PAO-evoked HIF-1alpha stabilization appeared O(2-)-insensitive. Superoxides 36-41 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 156-165 11514583-7 2001 With the use of a superoxide anion (O(2-)) generator, we established an O(2-)-sensitive pathway that blocked HIF-1alpha stabilization in response to NO and TNF-alpha while DFX- and PAO-evoked HIF-1alpha stabilization appeared O(2-)-insensitive. Superoxides 36-41 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 192-202 11514583-7 2001 With the use of a superoxide anion (O(2-)) generator, we established an O(2-)-sensitive pathway that blocked HIF-1alpha stabilization in response to NO and TNF-alpha while DFX- and PAO-evoked HIF-1alpha stabilization appeared O(2-)-insensitive. Superoxides 72-77 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 109-119 11514583-7 2001 With the use of a superoxide anion (O(2-)) generator, we established an O(2-)-sensitive pathway that blocked HIF-1alpha stabilization in response to NO and TNF-alpha while DFX- and PAO-evoked HIF-1alpha stabilization appeared O(2-)-insensitive. Superoxides 72-77 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 156-165 11514583-7 2001 With the use of a superoxide anion (O(2-)) generator, we established an O(2-)-sensitive pathway that blocked HIF-1alpha stabilization in response to NO and TNF-alpha while DFX- and PAO-evoked HIF-1alpha stabilization appeared O(2-)-insensitive. Superoxides 72-77 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 192-202 11698048-11 2001 This provokes iNOS induction, leading to microvascular injury involving both NO and superoxide. Superoxides 84-94 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 14-18 11595386-1 2001 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is essential in protecting mitochondria against the damaging effects of superoxide radicals (O(2)(*-)), and increased expression of MnSOD protects cells and transgenic animals from various forms of oxidative stress. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 32-37 11595386-1 2001 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is essential in protecting mitochondria against the damaging effects of superoxide radicals (O(2)(*-)), and increased expression of MnSOD protects cells and transgenic animals from various forms of oxidative stress. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 171-176 11595386-1 2001 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is essential in protecting mitochondria against the damaging effects of superoxide radicals (O(2)(*-)), and increased expression of MnSOD protects cells and transgenic animals from various forms of oxidative stress. Superoxides 132-136 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 0-30 11595386-1 2001 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is essential in protecting mitochondria against the damaging effects of superoxide radicals (O(2)(*-)), and increased expression of MnSOD protects cells and transgenic animals from various forms of oxidative stress. Superoxides 132-136 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 32-37 11578838-7 2001 The AGE-induced increase in oxidized glutathione could be prevented by the radical scavengers N-acetylcysteine, alpha-lipoic acid and 17beta-estradiol or by application of catalase, indicating that superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production precedes the AGE-mediated depletion of reduced glutathione. Superoxides 198-208 renin binding protein Homo sapiens 4-7 11597127-0 2001 TNFalpha enhances the DNA single-strand breakage induced by the short-chain lipid hydroperoxide analogue tert-butylhydroperoxide via ceramide-dependent inhibition of complex III followed by enforced superoxide and hydrogen peroxide formation. Superoxides 199-209 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-8 11578838-7 2001 The AGE-induced increase in oxidized glutathione could be prevented by the radical scavengers N-acetylcysteine, alpha-lipoic acid and 17beta-estradiol or by application of catalase, indicating that superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production precedes the AGE-mediated depletion of reduced glutathione. Superoxides 198-208 renin binding protein Homo sapiens 255-258 11603803-1 2001 Cytosolic Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is a ubiquitous small cytosolic metalloenzyme, which catalyses the conversion of superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 125-141 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 38-42 11557552-6 2001 The findings suggest that various physiological and pathological conditions might markedly influence EC-SOD expression, significantly altering the susceptibility of the vascular wall to effects of the superoxide radical. Superoxides 201-219 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 101-107 11673196-2 2001 As the presence of 3NT is strongly correlated with upregulation of the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (NOS II), it has been hypothesized that 3NT formation results from the action of peroxynitrite (ONOO-), a highly reactive NO derivative produced from the reaction of molecular NO and O2-. Superoxides 294-296 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 112-118 11597929-5 2001 Consistent with an antioxidant mechanism of action, S17834 (10 to 50 micromol/L) inhibited tumor necrosis factor-stimulated release of superoxide from endothelial cells measured by cytochrome c reduction. Superoxides 135-145 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 181-193 11597988-4 2001 We first confirmed that antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, superoxide scavenger Tiron, and DPI suppressed Ang II-induced IL-6 expression. Superoxides 54-64 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 101-107 11597988-4 2001 We first confirmed that antioxidant N-acetylcysteine, superoxide scavenger Tiron, and DPI suppressed Ang II-induced IL-6 expression. Superoxides 54-64 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 116-120 11597929-8 2001 The ability to inhibit superoxide anion production appears to be key in the effect of S17834 on superoxide anion production and VCAM expression, because these actions were mimicked by adenovirus-mediated overexpression of superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 23-39 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 128-132 11520625-8 2001 These results indicated that the fMLP-induced O(2-)production activity of neutrophils in the term neonates was enhanced at the level of the receptor and suggested that this enhanced production contribute to the neonatal host defense against microbial infection. Superoxides 46-51 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 33-37 11720817-4 2001 Incubation of MNC with 50 U ml(-1) of IL-13 for 2 h significantly enhanced superoxide anion production in response to phorbol myristate acetate. Superoxides 75-91 interleukin 13 Homo sapiens 38-43 11599928-7 2001 PM2.5-mediated DNA damage was abolished by superoxide dismutase, catalase, and deferoxamine, implicating superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, and the hydroxyl radical in the reactions inducing DNA damage. Superoxides 105-123 catalase Homo sapiens 65-73 11903498-7 2001 C5a, the most potent chemotactic anaphylatoxin, may attract neutrophils to the site of inflammation, leading to superoxide production, while MAC is deposited over endothelial cells and smooth vessel cells, leading to cell injury. Superoxides 112-122 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 11677273-1 2001 3-Morpholinosyndnomine (SIN-1) has been reported to be a peroxynitrite (OONO(-)) donor because it produces both nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O(2)(-).) Superoxides 134-144 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 24-29 11677273-1 2001 3-Morpholinosyndnomine (SIN-1) has been reported to be a peroxynitrite (OONO(-)) donor because it produces both nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O(2)(-).) Superoxides 146-150 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 24-29 11563864-5 2001 The thiol oxidation and superoxide anion release were inhibited by diphenyliodonium, a NADPH oxidase and NOsynthase inhibitor, proving that the respiratory burst and the NOsynthase were involved in the oxidation processes occurring in the differentiated THP-1. Superoxides 24-40 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 254-259 11593437-2 2001 Rac is involved in actin polymerization, Jun kinase activation, and intracellular superoxide anion production, through distinct pathways in tumor cells. Superoxides 82-98 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 11593437-5 2001 The inhibitory effect of activated Rac on apoptotic signaling is mediated by the interaction of Rac with intracellular oxidase and the subsequent production of superoxide, which is supported by experiments performed with M14 and NIH3T3 cells transiently transfected with the loss-of-function mutants of Rac in an activated RacV12 background. Superoxides 160-170 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 35-38 11593437-5 2001 The inhibitory effect of activated Rac on apoptotic signaling is mediated by the interaction of Rac with intracellular oxidase and the subsequent production of superoxide, which is supported by experiments performed with M14 and NIH3T3 cells transiently transfected with the loss-of-function mutants of Rac in an activated RacV12 background. Superoxides 160-170 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 96-99 11593437-5 2001 The inhibitory effect of activated Rac on apoptotic signaling is mediated by the interaction of Rac with intracellular oxidase and the subsequent production of superoxide, which is supported by experiments performed with M14 and NIH3T3 cells transiently transfected with the loss-of-function mutants of Rac in an activated RacV12 background. Superoxides 160-170 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 96-99 11593437-6 2001 Consistent with these findings, we also demonstrate that inhibition of the Rac pathway in the HaRas-expressing T24 bladder carcinoma cell line induces a decrease in superoxide anion concentration, and results in a significant increase in tumor cell sensitivity to apoptosis. Superoxides 165-181 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 75-78 11593437-7 2001 These findings demonstrate the existence of a novel Rac-dependent survival pathway mediated by intracellular superoxide in tumor cells. Superoxides 109-119 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 52-55 11557311-5 2001 CuZn-SOD-null lenses showed a doubled basal superoxide concentration, and were more prone to develop photochemical cataract in the present model with more opacification, more hydration, and less 86Rb uptake than lenses from wild-type mice. Superoxides 44-54 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 0-8 12060292-3 2001 Excess electrons from the photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport chains can be used for the reduction of oxygen, thus producing superoxide radicals (O2.-); these are subsequently transformed to H2O2 via superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1). Superoxides 139-158 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 214-234 12060292-3 2001 Excess electrons from the photosynthetic and respiratory electron transport chains can be used for the reduction of oxygen, thus producing superoxide radicals (O2.-); these are subsequently transformed to H2O2 via superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1). Superoxides 139-158 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 236-239 11557311-6 2001 We conclude that CuZn-SOD is an important superoxide scavenger in the lens, and that it may have a protective role against cataract formation. Superoxides 42-52 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 17-25 11559774-6 2001 Superoxide anion (O2-) release assessed by cytochrome c reduction was compared in human eosinophils and neutrophils stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Superoxides 0-16 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 43-55 11559775-4 2001 Superoxide anion (O2-) release was assessed by cytochrome c reduction in human eosinophils. Superoxides 0-16 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 47-59 11559775-4 2001 Superoxide anion (O2-) release was assessed by cytochrome c reduction in human eosinophils. Superoxides 18-20 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 47-59 11566189-3 2001 Analysis of the mode of action of TNF-alpha revealed the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion (O(2-. Superoxides 99-115 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 34-43 11504692-9 2001 These data indicate that generation of O(2)(-) in BPASMCs in response to 5-HT is followed by an increase in intracellular H(2)O(2) that mediates 5-HT-induced mitogenesis through activation of ERK1/ERK2 but not of p38 MAP kinase. Superoxides 39-43 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Bos taurus 197-201 11557318-4 2001 In contrast, NF-kappaB in melanoma cells is strongly recruited by changes in redox status and exhibits a correlative relationship to intracellular hydrogen peroxide (but not superoxide anion). Superoxides 174-190 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 13-22 11557318-6 2001 Additionally, recruitment of AP-1 binding in melanoma cells was directly correlated with intracellular levels of superoxide anion (but not hydrogen peroxide). Superoxides 113-129 JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 29-33 11557318-8 2001 The responsiveness of NF-kappaB and AP-1 recruitment to intracellular levels of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion without concomitant control of apoptosis provides a general mechanism by which these cells can escape noxious injury (e.g., chemotherapy). Superoxides 102-118 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 22-31 11557318-8 2001 The responsiveness of NF-kappaB and AP-1 recruitment to intracellular levels of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion without concomitant control of apoptosis provides a general mechanism by which these cells can escape noxious injury (e.g., chemotherapy). Superoxides 102-118 JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 36-40 11490098-3 2001 One of the post-receptor events shortly after the addition of TNF is the generation of the superoxide anion (O2-*). Superoxides 91-107 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 62-65 11490098-3 2001 One of the post-receptor events shortly after the addition of TNF is the generation of the superoxide anion (O2-*). Superoxides 109-113 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 62-65 11490098-4 2001 In the present study, we attempted to examine the role of O2-* in the regulation of mitochondrial membrane potential (Delta(Psi)m) and the release of cytochrome c (cyto c) in L929 cells after stimulation with TNF. Superoxides 58-60 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 209-212 11490098-5 2001 Challenge of cells with TNF (50 ng/ml) resulted in an early (30 min after the addition of TNF) increase in the production of O2-*. Superoxides 125-127 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 24-27 11490098-5 2001 Challenge of cells with TNF (50 ng/ml) resulted in an early (30 min after the addition of TNF) increase in the production of O2-*. Superoxides 125-127 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 90-93 11490098-6 2001 The use of mitochondrial electron transport chain inhibitors such as antimycin A and rotenone could, respectively, potentiate or suppress the TNF-mediated release of O2-* and cytotoxicity. Superoxides 166-168 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 142-145 11490098-7 2001 TNF also induced a late (>3 h after the addition of TNF) depolarization in the Delta(Psi)m. Reduction in the release of O2-* by rotenone (50 microM) or thenoyltrifluoroacetone (250 microM) suppressed both the TNF-mediated Delta(Psi)m depolarization and cyto c release. Superoxides 123-125 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 0-3 11490098-7 2001 TNF also induced a late (>3 h after the addition of TNF) depolarization in the Delta(Psi)m. Reduction in the release of O2-* by rotenone (50 microM) or thenoyltrifluoroacetone (250 microM) suppressed both the TNF-mediated Delta(Psi)m depolarization and cyto c release. Superoxides 123-125 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 55-58 11490098-7 2001 TNF also induced a late (>3 h after the addition of TNF) depolarization in the Delta(Psi)m. Reduction in the release of O2-* by rotenone (50 microM) or thenoyltrifluoroacetone (250 microM) suppressed both the TNF-mediated Delta(Psi)m depolarization and cyto c release. Superoxides 123-125 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 55-58 11490098-8 2001 However, increase in the production of O2-* by antimycin A (25 microM) only slightly enhanced the TNF effect in altering the Delta(Psi)m and the release of cyto c. Treating cells with antimycin A alone could not induce a reduction in Delta(Psi)m nor a release of cyto c. Taken together, our results indicate that TNF induced damage in mitochondria in L929 cells. Superoxides 39-41 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 98-101 11490098-8 2001 However, increase in the production of O2-* by antimycin A (25 microM) only slightly enhanced the TNF effect in altering the Delta(Psi)m and the release of cyto c. Treating cells with antimycin A alone could not induce a reduction in Delta(Psi)m nor a release of cyto c. Taken together, our results indicate that TNF induced damage in mitochondria in L929 cells. Superoxides 39-41 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 313-316 11490098-9 2001 Our data also show that an increase in the production of O2-* was important in the TNF cytotoxicity, but was not sufficient to mimic the action of TNF. Superoxides 57-59 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 83-86 11520794-4 2001 Pretreatment of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha-primed neutrophils with antibodies against FcgammaRII and FcgammaRIII inhibited MPO-ANCA and PR3-ANCA induced superoxide generation, confirming that FcgammaR ligation is involved in ANCA-mediated neutrophil activation. Superoxides 160-170 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 16-37 11520794-4 2001 Pretreatment of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha-primed neutrophils with antibodies against FcgammaRII and FcgammaRIII inhibited MPO-ANCA and PR3-ANCA induced superoxide generation, confirming that FcgammaR ligation is involved in ANCA-mediated neutrophil activation. Superoxides 160-170 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 39-42 11760394-2 2001 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) scavenges superoxide and inhibits the formation of peroxynitrite, thereby suppressing the resulting injury and regulating the bioavailability of NO. Superoxides 37-47 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 11564663-12 2001 These data suggest that the development of airway hyperresponsiveness during the airway inflammation upon ovalbumin challenge is dependent on the release of both superoxide and nitric oxide and is therefore likely to be dependent on reactive nitrogen species. Superoxides 162-172 serine (or cysteine) peptidase inhibitor, clade B, member 1, pseudogene Mus musculus 106-115 11760394-2 2001 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) scavenges superoxide and inhibits the formation of peroxynitrite, thereby suppressing the resulting injury and regulating the bioavailability of NO. Superoxides 37-47 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 11509539-6 2001 Pretreatment of VSM cells with the NO donor DETA NONOate significantly (P < 0.05) decreased IL-1 beta-stimulated superoxide generation. Superoxides 116-126 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 95-104 11522679-7 2001 In vitro infection of mesangial cells (MC) with a recombinant adenovirus encoding human SOD-1 increased SOD-1 activity threefold over control cells and prevented the reduction of aconitase activity, an index of cellular superoxide, and the increase in collagen synthesis that otherwise occurred in control MC in response to culture with 300 or 500 mg/dl glucose. Superoxides 220-230 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 88-93 11509539-5 2001 Stimulation of VSM cells with IL-1 beta significantly (P < 0.05) increased superoxide production, ERK activation, and MMP-9 induction. Superoxides 78-88 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 30-39 11509539-8 2001 Direct exposure of VSM cells to increased superoxide levels by treatment with xanthine/xanthine oxidase increased ERK activation and MMP-9 induction, whereas pretreatment of cells with PD-98059 significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited xanthine/xanthine oxidase-stimulated ERK activation and MMP-9 induction. Superoxides 42-52 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 114-117 11509539-8 2001 Direct exposure of VSM cells to increased superoxide levels by treatment with xanthine/xanthine oxidase increased ERK activation and MMP-9 induction, whereas pretreatment of cells with PD-98059 significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited xanthine/xanthine oxidase-stimulated ERK activation and MMP-9 induction. Superoxides 42-52 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 269-272 11509539-9 2001 We conclude that NO inhibits IL-1 beta-stimulated MMP-9 induction by inhibiting superoxide generation and subsequent ERK activation. Superoxides 80-90 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 29-38 11590701-4 2001 Comparison of two methods of superoxide detection (lucigenin-amplified CL and cytochrome c reduction) showed that there are excellent correlations between the results obtained by the two methods. Superoxides 29-39 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 78-90 11589571-1 2001 Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radicals produced during biological oxidations and environmental stress. Superoxides 6-16 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 11589571-9 2001 The induced SOD1 may accelerate the neutralization of the superoxide anion and thus reduce the oxidative damage associated with dioxin toxicity. Superoxides 58-74 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 12-16 11493445-4 2001 Consistent with this idea, freshly explanted Fancc(-/-)Sod1(-/-) hepatocytes demonstrated increased spontaneous production of superoxide in vitro. Superoxides 126-136 Fanconi anemia, complementation group C Mus musculus 45-50 11516220-4 2001 Similarly to NO, nitroxides also can react with superoxide anion radical (O(2)(-)), they possess superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic action. Superoxides 48-72 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 97-117 11551532-8 2001 This reduction of cGMP levels was blocked by SOD treatment, suggesting that superoxide anion generated by menadione could play a role in the inhibition of the nitric oxide pathway. Superoxides 76-92 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 45-48 11513598-12 2001 Superoxide and tyrosine drive the catalase activity because they reduce compound II back to the native enzyme. Superoxides 0-10 catalase Homo sapiens 34-42 11525764-10 2001 Reactive oxygen species (e.g., superoxide, peroxynitrite, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide) are all potential reactants capable of initiating DNA single-strand breakage, with subsequent activation of the nuclear enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase (PARS), leading to eventual severe energy depletion of the cells, and necrotic-type cell death. Superoxides 31-41 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 225-253 11500038-0 2001 Direct observation of release of cytochrome c from lipid-encapsulated protein by peroxide and superoxide: a possible mechanism for drug-induced apoptosis. Superoxides 94-104 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 33-45 11500038-3 2001 Both hydrogen peroxide and superoxide were found to cause release of cytochrome c from the lipid encapsulated protein, which was detected from the distinct spectral changes due to the formation of the azide complex of cytochrome c in the solution. Superoxides 27-37 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 69-81 11500038-3 2001 Both hydrogen peroxide and superoxide were found to cause release of cytochrome c from the lipid encapsulated protein, which was detected from the distinct spectral changes due to the formation of the azide complex of cytochrome c in the solution. Superoxides 27-37 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 218-230 11493445-4 2001 Consistent with this idea, freshly explanted Fancc(-/-)Sod1(-/-) hepatocytes demonstrated increased spontaneous production of superoxide in vitro. Superoxides 126-136 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 55-59 11489250-0 2001 Vasopressin induced cyclooxygenase dependent superoxide generation contributes to K(+) channel function impairment after brain injury. Superoxides 45-55 vasopressin Sus scrofa 0-11 11488600-3 2001 Our results show that oxidative stress induced by exogenous adding of hydrogen peroxide or superoxide anion in macrophage RAW 264.7 and mouse peritoneal macrophage cultures caused a marked enhancement of calcium-independent PLA2 (iPLA2) activity,whereas the increment of secreted PLA2 (sPLA2) and calcium-dependent cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) activities were slight. Superoxides 91-107 phospholipase A2, group VI Mus musculus 230-235 11489250-1 2001 This study determined if vasopressin generates superoxide anion (O2(-)) in a cyclooxygenase dependent manner and if such production contributes to impairment of dilation to activators of ATP sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) and calcium sensitive K(+) (K(ca)) channels following fluid percussion brain injury (FPI) in newborn pigs equipped with closed cranial windows. Superoxides 47-63 vasopressin Sus scrofa 25-36 11489250-1 2001 This study determined if vasopressin generates superoxide anion (O2(-)) in a cyclooxygenase dependent manner and if such production contributes to impairment of dilation to activators of ATP sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)) and calcium sensitive K(+) (K(ca)) channels following fluid percussion brain injury (FPI) in newborn pigs equipped with closed cranial windows. Superoxides 65-67 vasopressin Sus scrofa 25-36 11443053-0 2001 Signaling by eNOS through a superoxide-dependent p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Superoxides 28-38 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 13-17 11443053-1 2001 Expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in transfected U-937 cells upregulates phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production through a superoxide (O(2)(-))-dependent mechanism. Superoxides 201-211 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 14-47 11443053-1 2001 Expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in transfected U-937 cells upregulates phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production through a superoxide (O(2)(-))-dependent mechanism. Superoxides 201-211 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 49-53 11443053-1 2001 Expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in transfected U-937 cells upregulates phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production through a superoxide (O(2)(-))-dependent mechanism. Superoxides 213-217 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 14-47 11443053-1 2001 Expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in transfected U-937 cells upregulates phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production through a superoxide (O(2)(-))-dependent mechanism. Superoxides 213-217 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 49-53 11443053-2 2001 Because mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) have been shown to participate in both reactive oxygen species signaling and TNF-alpha regulation, their possible role in eNOS-derived O(2)(-) signal transduction was examined. Superoxides 184-188 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 171-175 11443053-7 2001 Expression of Gln(361)eNOS, a mutant that produces O(2)(-) but not NO, still resulted in p42/44 MAPK phosphorylation. Superoxides 51-55 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 22-26 11487528-7 2001 Peroxynitrite, a highly reactive nitrogen molecule derived from the interaction of NO and superoxide anion, significantly increased COX-2 expression. Superoxides 90-106 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 132-137 20954153-3 2001 Activity can be measured as described in this unit by a number of indirect competitive inhibition assays based on the principle that the superoxide anion radical will reduce an inhibitory substrate [such as nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) or cytochrome c] and SOD activity will reduce the rate of reduction in a competitive fashion. Superoxides 137-161 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 238-250 11447176-7 2001 In this report, we show that the M. tuberculosis sodC mutant is readily killed by superoxide generated externally, while the isogenic parental M. tuberculosis is unaffected under these conditions. Superoxides 82-92 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 49-53 11457772-5 2001 Anti-CD18 monoclonal antibody or theophylline attenuated superoxide production of eosinophils and neutrophils stimulated by either stimuli. Superoxides 57-67 integrin subunit beta 2 Homo sapiens 5-9 11457772-9 2001 These data demonstrated that CD54 and CD18 interaction of eosinophils or neutrophils is involved in superoxide production and that the inhibition of superoxide production by theophylline may be at least partly due to the inhibition of CD54 and CD18. Superoxides 100-110 integrin subunit beta 2 Homo sapiens 38-42 11493611-1 2001 Chronically elevated angiotensin II (Ang-II)-induced hypertension is partly mediated by superoxide production. Superoxides 88-98 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 21-35 11493611-1 2001 Chronically elevated angiotensin II (Ang-II)-induced hypertension is partly mediated by superoxide production. Superoxides 88-98 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 37-43 11461170-1 2001 Insulin seems to have the ability to suppress the production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and superoxide anion, enhance the synthesis of nitric oxide and inhibit the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) through stimulation of nitric oxide. Superoxides 96-112 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 11545628-3 2001 Insulin inhibits TNF alpha and enhances TGF beta production, augments nitric oxide synthesis and blocks superoxide anion generation. Superoxides 104-120 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 11489250-8 2001 These data show that vasopressin increased O2(-) production in a cyclooxygenase dependent manner and contributed to this production after FPI. Superoxides 43-48 vasopressin Sus scrofa 21-32 11495082-9 2001 The concentrations of recombinant (r)-IL-8, which covered the levels of activity detected in individual organ cultures or cell cultures of fractionated mucosal cells, could induce chemotactic migration and superoxide anion generation in neutrophils in vitro, and r-GROalpha had synergistic effects on r-IL-8-induced neutrophil activation. Superoxides 206-222 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 38-42 11435314-8 2001 The changes in the splicing pattern of the transcripts and the prolonged effect on superoxide-generating ability of patient neutrophils indicate that IFN-gamma induced a partial correction of the abnormal splicing of CYBB gene transcripts in myeloid progenitor cells. Superoxides 83-93 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 150-159 11435314-0 2001 Improved superoxide-generating ability by interferon gamma due to splicing pattern change of transcripts in neutrophils from patients with a splice site mutation in CYBB gene. Superoxides 9-19 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 42-58 11435314-2 2001 Based on an increase of neutrophil superoxide-generating ability in response to interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) in a single patient with CGD, multicentered group studies demonstrated a beneficial effect of prophylactic IFN-gamma. Superoxides 35-45 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 80-107 11435314-2 2001 Based on an increase of neutrophil superoxide-generating ability in response to interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) in a single patient with CGD, multicentered group studies demonstrated a beneficial effect of prophylactic IFN-gamma. Superoxides 35-45 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 98-107 11435314-4 2001 The present report offers an additional kindred in whom an IFN-gamma-dependent increase in neutrophil superoxide production was observed in 3 affected patients. Superoxides 102-112 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 59-68 11437376-9 2001 In subendothelial space, EC-SOD bound on heparan sulfate might suppress LDL oxidation through reduction of superoxide anion. Superoxides 107-123 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 25-31 11463603-3 2001 The superoxide dismutases (SOD) are the primary enzymatic method to reduce superoxide. Superoxides 4-14 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 27-30 11406471-0 2001 HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor stabilizes rabbit atheroma by increasing basal NO and decreasing superoxide. Superoxides 93-103 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase Oryctolagus cuniculus 0-17 11406499-8 2001 We conclude that NO generation by isolated OMDVR can be increased by L-arginine, that the endothelium-dependent vasodilator BK enhances NO production, and that NO consumption by superoxide plays a role in the determination of cellular NO concentrations. Superoxides 178-188 kininogen 1 Homo sapiens 124-126 11415454-9 2001 Further investigation revealed that the levels of superoxide were significantly elevated in cells incubated with homocysteine for 12-48 h. The addition of superoxide dismutase, a scavenger of superoxide, to the culture medium abolished the stimulatory effect of homocysteine on CCR2 expression as well as the binding activity of the receptor. Superoxides 50-60 C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 Homo sapiens 278-282 11415454-9 2001 Further investigation revealed that the levels of superoxide were significantly elevated in cells incubated with homocysteine for 12-48 h. The addition of superoxide dismutase, a scavenger of superoxide, to the culture medium abolished the stimulatory effect of homocysteine on CCR2 expression as well as the binding activity of the receptor. Superoxides 155-165 C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 Homo sapiens 278-282 11445809-3 2001 A novel, multifaceted leukocyte disorder-distinguished by defects in shape change, chemotaxis, ingestion, degranulation, superoxide anion production, and bactericidal activity-was established secondary to a defect in Rac2. Superoxides 121-137 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 217-221 11410114-12 2001 The mechanism could be either that lisinopril limits the angiotensin II-induced production of superoxide radicals which would normally inactivate NO, or that lisinopril may increase bradykinin-mediated NO release. Superoxides 94-104 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 57-71 11481669-8 2001 There was a significant increase in total superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD + Mn-SOD) activity (141% of control) with PB plus exercise, suggesting that any influx of superoxide anions was scavenged efficiently. Superoxides 163-180 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 64-72 11382929-5 2001 ANG II elicited robust phosphorylation of p42/44 MAPK as measured using phospho-specific antibodies, and increased superoxide production as measured by cytochrome c reduction and lucigenin chemiluminescence assays. Superoxides 115-125 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-6 11444502-11 2001 We conclude that oxygen-derived free radicals can stimulate the synthesis of endothelin-1 in endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells by increasing preproendothelin-1 mRNA content and that this effect is mediated predominantly by superoxide anions. Superoxides 234-251 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 77-89 11446714-0 2001 Increased generation of superoxide by angiotensin II in smooth muscle cells from resistance arteries of hypertensive patients: role of phospholipase D-dependent NAD(P)H oxidase-sensitive pathways. Superoxides 24-34 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 38-52 11446714-0 2001 Increased generation of superoxide by angiotensin II in smooth muscle cells from resistance arteries of hypertensive patients: role of phospholipase D-dependent NAD(P)H oxidase-sensitive pathways. Superoxides 24-34 glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1 Homo sapiens 135-150 11512144-1 2001 We studied the effect of carbon disulphide (CS2) on the generation of superoxide anion (O2-*) and its chemiluminescence (CL) in the pyrogallol-luminol system. Superoxides 70-86 chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 2 Homo sapiens 44-47 11512144-1 2001 We studied the effect of carbon disulphide (CS2) on the generation of superoxide anion (O2-*) and its chemiluminescence (CL) in the pyrogallol-luminol system. Superoxides 88-92 chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 2 Homo sapiens 44-47 11512144-7 2001 The results suggest that CS2 can induce the pyrogallol-luminol system to generate an increased amount of O2-* and delay the CL peak time. Superoxides 105-107 chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 2 Homo sapiens 25-28 11457979-0 2001 Superoxide production by plant homologues of the gp91(phox) NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 0-10 NADPH oxidase Solanum lycopersicum 49-53 11457979-13 2001 Thus, in contrast to the mammalian gp91(phox), the plant homolog can produce O(2)(-) in the absence of additional cytosolic components and is stimulated directly by Ca(2+). Superoxides 77-82 NADPH oxidase Solanum lycopersicum 35-39 11441215-9 2001 CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that oxygen-derived free radicals, particularly superoxide, play an important role in the iNOS gene expression after SAH and provide a molecular basis for the protective role of SOD against vasospasm after SAH. Superoxides 84-94 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 126-130 11397713-4 2001 By use of confocal microscopy of an oxidative fluorescent probe (dihydroethidium), increased superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) production was demonstrated throughout the aortic wall but mainly in smooth muscle cells of apoE-deficient mice. Superoxides 93-109 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 212-216 11397713-4 2001 By use of confocal microscopy of an oxidative fluorescent probe (dihydroethidium), increased superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) production was demonstrated throughout the aortic wall but mainly in smooth muscle cells of apoE-deficient mice. Superoxides 111-118 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 212-216 11397713-6 2001 A cell-permeable SOD mimetic, Mn(III) tetra(4-benzoic acid) porphyrin chloride (10(-)(5) mol/L), reduced O(2)(-) production and partially normalized relaxations to acetylcholine and DEA-NONOate in apoE-deficient mice (P<0.05). Superoxides 105-109 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 17-20 11397713-9 2001 Our results demonstrate that in apoE-deficient mice on a Western-type fat diet, impairment of endothelial function is caused by increased production of O(2)(-) and reduced endothelial NO synthase enzyme activity. Superoxides 152-156 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 32-36 11369646-5 2001 The results indicate that 3-(4-morpholinyl)-sydnonimine (SIN-1, an O2*- and NO* donor) and chemically synthesized peroxynitrite, but not S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (SNAP, an NO* donor), have a strong apoptotic effect on human thymocytes (annexin V staining and TUNEL reaction). Superoxides 67-70 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 57-62 11422452-7 2001 In contrast, superoxide dismutase/catalase as well as MK-801 prevented toxicity of 3-hydroxyglutarate alone as well as its potentiation by iNOS, supporting a central role of NMDA receptor stimulation with subsequently increased superoxide anion production. Superoxides 228-244 catalase Rattus norvegicus 34-42 11422452-7 2001 In contrast, superoxide dismutase/catalase as well as MK-801 prevented toxicity of 3-hydroxyglutarate alone as well as its potentiation by iNOS, supporting a central role of NMDA receptor stimulation with subsequently increased superoxide anion production. Superoxides 228-244 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 139-143 11378440-9 2001 In addition, Oxy5-overexpressing cells exhibit a reduction in endogenous superoxide ion levels, which concomitantly results in a dramatic decrease in their tumorigenic potential. Superoxides 73-83 annexin 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 13-17 11545248-0 2001 Effects of PDE4 inhibitors on lipopolysaccharide-induced priming of superoxide anion production from human mononuclear cells. Superoxides 68-84 phosphodiesterase 4A Homo sapiens 11-15 11545248-4 2001 Rolipram or RP 73-401 (10(-8) to 10(-5) M) induced significant reductions of fMLP-induced superoxide anion production in cells incubated with or without LPS. Superoxides 90-106 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 77-81 11545248-5 2001 The db-cAMP (10(-5) to 10(-3) M) also elicited dose-dependent inhibitions of the fMLP-induced superoxide anion production. Superoxides 94-110 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 81-85 11545248-7 2001 PRINCIPAL CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the inhibitory activity of PDE4 inhibitors on fMLP-induced production of superoxide anion production is mediated by db-cAMP rather than IL-10. Superoxides 122-138 phosphodiesterase 4A Homo sapiens 76-80 11545248-7 2001 PRINCIPAL CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the inhibitory activity of PDE4 inhibitors on fMLP-induced production of superoxide anion production is mediated by db-cAMP rather than IL-10. Superoxides 122-138 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 95-99 11704770-4 2001 Superoxide anion was measured by the cytochrome c reduction microtechnique and H(2)O(2) by phenol red. Superoxides 0-16 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 37-49 11387506-0 2001 Vasopressin-induced protein kinase C-dependent superoxide generation contributes to atp-sensitive potassium channel but not calcium-sensitive potassium channel function impairment after brain injury. Superoxides 47-57 vasopressin Sus scrofa 0-11 11387506-5 2001 We tested whether vasopressin generates O(2)(-) in a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent manner, which could link vasopressin release to impaired K(ATP) and K(Ca) channel-induced pial artery dilation after FPI. Superoxides 40-44 vasopressin Sus scrofa 18-29 11387506-5 2001 We tested whether vasopressin generates O(2)(-) in a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent manner, which could link vasopressin release to impaired K(ATP) and K(Ca) channel-induced pial artery dilation after FPI. Superoxides 40-44 vasopressin Sus scrofa 111-122 11387506-14 2001 CONCLUSIONS: These data show that vasopressin, in concentrations present in CSF after FPI, increased O(2)(-) production in a PKC-dependent manner and contributes to such production after FPI. Superoxides 101-108 vasopressin Sus scrofa 34-45 11278264-0 2001 Heat shock protein 90 mediates the balance of nitric oxide and superoxide anion from endothelial nitric-oxide synthase. Superoxides 63-79 nitric oxide synthase 3 Bos taurus 85-118 11358825-6 2001 FcalphaRI proved more efficient in initiating early signaling events and effector functions, such as redirected tumor cell killing and generation of superoxide. Superoxides 149-159 Fc alpha receptor Homo sapiens 0-9 11348997-0 2001 Novel gp91(phox) homologues in vascular smooth muscle cells : nox1 mediates angiotensin II-induced superoxide formation and redox-sensitive signaling pathways. Superoxides 99-109 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 76-90 11352506-1 2001 Neutrophil-like HL-60 cells reacted to N -formyl- l -Methionyl- l -Leucyl- l -P henylalanine (f MLP) with a rise in the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2]i), NADPH oxidase activation, and increased superoxide anion (O2-) production. Superoxides 206-222 mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming Homo sapiens 96-99 11352506-1 2001 Neutrophil-like HL-60 cells reacted to N -formyl- l -Methionyl- l -Leucyl- l -P henylalanine (f MLP) with a rise in the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2]i), NADPH oxidase activation, and increased superoxide anion (O2-) production. Superoxides 224-226 mucin 2, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming Homo sapiens 96-99 11348997-5 2001 We found that both nox1 and nox4 are expressed to a much higher degree than gp91(phox) in VSMCS: Although serum, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and Ang II downregulated nox4, they markedly upregulated nox1, suggesting that this enzyme may account for the delayed phase of superoxide production in these cells. Superoxides 280-290 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 156-162 11348868-6 2001 Furthermore, the injury-induced superoxide production was associated with augmented NAD(P)H oxidase activity and upregulation of p47(phox) and p67(phox) in adventitial fibroblasts (immunohistochemistry). Superoxides 32-42 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 143-146 11368132-0 2001 Induced myeloperoxidase activity and related superoxide inhibition during hormone replacement therapy. Superoxides 45-55 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 8-23 11368132-18 2001 Adding myeloperoxidase to neutrophil granulocyte suspensions, the production of superoxide anion fell (e.g. adding 280 ng/ml myeloperoxidase: 77.9 +/- 14.04 % of control production, P < 0.001). Superoxides 80-96 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 7-22 11368132-18 2001 Adding myeloperoxidase to neutrophil granulocyte suspensions, the production of superoxide anion fell (e.g. adding 280 ng/ml myeloperoxidase: 77.9 +/- 14.04 % of control production, P < 0.001). Superoxides 80-96 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 125-140 11348997-6 2001 Furthermore, an adenovirus expressing antisense nox1 mRNA completely inhibited the early phase of superoxide production induced by Ang II or PDGF and significantly decreased activation of the redox-sensitive signaling molecules p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt by Ang II. Superoxides 98-108 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 131-137 11349005-4 2001 Ang II increased aortic superoxide anion production 2-fold in the aorta of WT mice but did not do so in KO mice. Superoxides 24-40 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 0-6 11349005-8 2001 These results indicate an essential role in vivo of gp91(phox) and NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide anion in the regulation of basal BP and a pressure-independent vascular hypertrophic and oxidant stress response to Ang II. Superoxides 89-105 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 216-222 11377135-1 2001 I suggest that insulin suppresses the secretion and antagonizes the harmful effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, macrophage migration-inhibitory factor, and superoxide anion. Superoxides 160-176 insulin Homo sapiens 15-22 11360435-5 2001 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzymatic quencher of O2- inhibited O2- production in all drugs tested. Superoxides 53-55 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 11360435-5 2001 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzymatic quencher of O2- inhibited O2- production in all drugs tested. Superoxides 53-55 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 11360435-5 2001 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzymatic quencher of O2- inhibited O2- production in all drugs tested. Superoxides 67-69 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 11360435-5 2001 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzymatic quencher of O2- inhibited O2- production in all drugs tested. Superoxides 67-69 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 11417851-3 2001 Cells were pretreated with Danchunhwan and exposed to sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an NO donor, and 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) which simultaneously generates NO and superoxide, thus possibly forming peroxynitrite. Superoxides 169-179 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 124-129 11358991-2 2001 Here we report that peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) formed by a reaction of NO with superoxide mediates IL-8 gene expression and IL-8 production in IL-1beta- and TNF-alpha-stimulated human leukocytes in whole blood. Superoxides 76-86 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 96-100 11358991-2 2001 Here we report that peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) formed by a reaction of NO with superoxide mediates IL-8 gene expression and IL-8 production in IL-1beta- and TNF-alpha-stimulated human leukocytes in whole blood. Superoxides 76-86 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 121-125 11358991-2 2001 Here we report that peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) formed by a reaction of NO with superoxide mediates IL-8 gene expression and IL-8 production in IL-1beta- and TNF-alpha-stimulated human leukocytes in whole blood. Superoxides 76-86 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 140-148 11358991-2 2001 Here we report that peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) formed by a reaction of NO with superoxide mediates IL-8 gene expression and IL-8 production in IL-1beta- and TNF-alpha-stimulated human leukocytes in whole blood. Superoxides 76-86 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 154-163 11393255-3 2001 iNOS catalyzes the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO), a key inflammatory mediator, which in turn reacts with superoxide to generate peroxynitrite. Superoxides 106-116 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 11399092-10 2001 TNFalpha treated chondrocytes at 48 h produce superoxide anion (EPR method). Superoxides 46-62 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-8 11297530-1 2001 Manganese-superoxide dismutase (Sod2) removes mitochondrially derived superoxide (O(2)) at near-diffusion limiting rates and is the only antioxidant enzyme whose expression is regulated by numerous stimuli. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 32-36 11297530-1 2001 Manganese-superoxide dismutase (Sod2) removes mitochondrially derived superoxide (O(2)) at near-diffusion limiting rates and is the only antioxidant enzyme whose expression is regulated by numerous stimuli. Superoxides 82-86 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 32-36 11312732-3 2001 The complex M40403 was previously shown to be a superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalyst with rates for the catalytic dismutation of superoxide to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide at pH = 7.4 of 1.2 x 10(+7) M(-1) s(-1). Superoxides 48-58 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 70-73 11282164-2 2001 Using Western blotting and specific inhibitors it is shown that both ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK signal transduction pathways as well as PKC are involved in the amyloid-beta-stimulated superoxide anion production. Superoxides 178-194 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 69-76 11282164-2 2001 Using Western blotting and specific inhibitors it is shown that both ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK signal transduction pathways as well as PKC are involved in the amyloid-beta-stimulated superoxide anion production. Superoxides 178-194 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 81-84 11315931-8 2001 RESULTS: Activation of PMN by MPO-ANCA-positive IgG preparations compared with PR3-ANCA-positive IgG preparations resulted in greater generation of superoxide anions (MPO-ANCA-positive IgG preparations 9.13 +/- 0.39 nmoles [mean +/- SEM], PR3-ANCA-positive IgG preparations 6.32 +/- 0.35 nmoles; P < 0.001), Ca2+ fluxes (MPO-ANCA-positive IgG preparations 0.735 +/- 0.10, PR3-ANCA-positive IgG preparations 0.33 +/- 0.098; P < 0.01), and MPO degranulation (MPO-ANCA-positive IgG preparations 251.98 +/- 26.7 ng, PR3-ANCA-positive IgG preparations 145.19 +/- 19.4 ng; P < 0.001). Superoxides 148-165 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 30-33 11315931-8 2001 RESULTS: Activation of PMN by MPO-ANCA-positive IgG preparations compared with PR3-ANCA-positive IgG preparations resulted in greater generation of superoxide anions (MPO-ANCA-positive IgG preparations 9.13 +/- 0.39 nmoles [mean +/- SEM], PR3-ANCA-positive IgG preparations 6.32 +/- 0.35 nmoles; P < 0.001), Ca2+ fluxes (MPO-ANCA-positive IgG preparations 0.735 +/- 0.10, PR3-ANCA-positive IgG preparations 0.33 +/- 0.098; P < 0.01), and MPO degranulation (MPO-ANCA-positive IgG preparations 251.98 +/- 26.7 ng, PR3-ANCA-positive IgG preparations 145.19 +/- 19.4 ng; P < 0.001). Superoxides 148-165 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 167-170 11315931-8 2001 RESULTS: Activation of PMN by MPO-ANCA-positive IgG preparations compared with PR3-ANCA-positive IgG preparations resulted in greater generation of superoxide anions (MPO-ANCA-positive IgG preparations 9.13 +/- 0.39 nmoles [mean +/- SEM], PR3-ANCA-positive IgG preparations 6.32 +/- 0.35 nmoles; P < 0.001), Ca2+ fluxes (MPO-ANCA-positive IgG preparations 0.735 +/- 0.10, PR3-ANCA-positive IgG preparations 0.33 +/- 0.098; P < 0.01), and MPO degranulation (MPO-ANCA-positive IgG preparations 251.98 +/- 26.7 ng, PR3-ANCA-positive IgG preparations 145.19 +/- 19.4 ng; P < 0.001). Superoxides 148-165 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 167-170 11315931-8 2001 RESULTS: Activation of PMN by MPO-ANCA-positive IgG preparations compared with PR3-ANCA-positive IgG preparations resulted in greater generation of superoxide anions (MPO-ANCA-positive IgG preparations 9.13 +/- 0.39 nmoles [mean +/- SEM], PR3-ANCA-positive IgG preparations 6.32 +/- 0.35 nmoles; P < 0.001), Ca2+ fluxes (MPO-ANCA-positive IgG preparations 0.735 +/- 0.10, PR3-ANCA-positive IgG preparations 0.33 +/- 0.098; P < 0.01), and MPO degranulation (MPO-ANCA-positive IgG preparations 251.98 +/- 26.7 ng, PR3-ANCA-positive IgG preparations 145.19 +/- 19.4 ng; P < 0.001). Superoxides 148-165 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 167-170 11315931-8 2001 RESULTS: Activation of PMN by MPO-ANCA-positive IgG preparations compared with PR3-ANCA-positive IgG preparations resulted in greater generation of superoxide anions (MPO-ANCA-positive IgG preparations 9.13 +/- 0.39 nmoles [mean +/- SEM], PR3-ANCA-positive IgG preparations 6.32 +/- 0.35 nmoles; P < 0.001), Ca2+ fluxes (MPO-ANCA-positive IgG preparations 0.735 +/- 0.10, PR3-ANCA-positive IgG preparations 0.33 +/- 0.098; P < 0.01), and MPO degranulation (MPO-ANCA-positive IgG preparations 251.98 +/- 26.7 ng, PR3-ANCA-positive IgG preparations 145.19 +/- 19.4 ng; P < 0.001). Superoxides 148-165 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 167-170 11345651-12 2001 Superoxide anion radicals which retard the oxidation of ADR were quenched by urocanic acid but not by histidine. Superoxides 0-16 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 56-59 11341562-8 2001 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibited the effects of crocidolite, reacting rapidly with *O2- before the secondary release of *OH. Superoxides 88-90 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 11341562-8 2001 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibited the effects of crocidolite, reacting rapidly with *O2- before the secondary release of *OH. Superoxides 88-90 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 12067501-6 2001 Acellular synovial fluid amplifies the superoxide anion release induced by fMLP more than the corresponding serum, indicating that a bacterial infection in the joint might enhance the oxidative damage in the inflamed synovium. Superoxides 39-55 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 75-79 11330877-1 2001 OBJECTIVES: To investigate the basal and NADH-stimulated superoxide (.O2-) production and inactivation by Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) in aorta from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and from desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive (DOCA-HT) rats. Superoxides 57-67 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 134-137 11330877-1 2001 OBJECTIVES: To investigate the basal and NADH-stimulated superoxide (.O2-) production and inactivation by Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) in aorta from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and from desoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive (DOCA-HT) rats. Superoxides 70-72 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 134-137 11259536-11 2001 This study identifies endothelin-1 rather than prostanoids as a distal mediator induced by the reaction product of superoxide and nitric oxide, i.e., peroxynitrite. Superoxides 115-125 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 22-34 11259567-0 2001 Rebamipide suppresses formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced superoxide production by inhibiting fMLP-receptor binding in human neutrophils. Superoxides 75-85 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 11259567-1 2001 The purpose of the present work was to investigate the mechanism underlying the inhibitory action of rebamipide on superoxide anion (O2) production induced by the chemotactic peptide formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) in human neutrophils. Superoxides 133-135 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 222-226 11259567-2 2001 Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP(3)), a product of phosphoinositide 3-OH-kinase (PI 3-kinase) accumulated in response to fMLP and this accumulation was well correlated with O2 production in human neutrophils. Superoxides 186-188 prolactin induced protein Homo sapiens 42-45 11259567-2 2001 Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP(3)), a product of phosphoinositide 3-OH-kinase (PI 3-kinase) accumulated in response to fMLP and this accumulation was well correlated with O2 production in human neutrophils. Superoxides 186-188 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 134-138 11259567-3 2001 Rebamipide inhibited PIP(3) production in parallel with the inhibition of fMLP-induced O2 production. Superoxides 87-89 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 74-78 11259567-7 2001 The competitive antagonistic action was further confirmed by the finding that rebamipide caused a parallel shift to the right in the dose-response curve of O2 production induced by fMLP. Superoxides 156-158 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 181-185 11259567-8 2001 These results provide evidence that the competitive inhibitory action of rebamipide on the fMLP-receptor plays a main role in its inhibitory action on fMLP-induced O2 production. Superoxides 164-166 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 91-104 11259567-8 2001 These results provide evidence that the competitive inhibitory action of rebamipide on the fMLP-receptor plays a main role in its inhibitory action on fMLP-induced O2 production. Superoxides 164-166 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 91-95 14715470-6 2001 In addition, the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase play a prooxidant role by increasing the autoxidation rate and formation of superoxide radicals. Superoxides 37-47 catalase Homo sapiens 62-70 11384204-2 2001 We previously demonstrated that NK1 and NK2 receptors are present on human monocytes, SP and NKA inducing superoxide anion production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA expression. Superoxides 106-122 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 86-88 11384204-2 2001 We previously demonstrated that NK1 and NK2 receptors are present on human monocytes, SP and NKA inducing superoxide anion production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA expression. Superoxides 106-122 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 93-96 11303730-7 2001 Superoxide (O2-) production was measured by reduction of cytochrome c, adherence to fibrinogen was assessed by the radioactivity of adherent Na2(51)CrO4 (51Cr)-labeled PMNs, and endothelial cell (EC) damage by measuring the radioactivity released from 51Cr-labeled human umbilical vein endothelial cells monolayers. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 57-69 11313892-0 2001 Elevated superoxide production by active H-ras enhances human lung WI-38VA-13 cell proliferation, migration and resistance to TNF-alpha. Superoxides 9-19 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 126-135 11313892-5 2001 Upon scavenging by superoxide dismutase and other molecules that decrease the intracellular level of active H-ras mediated superoxide production, cell proliferation, migration and resistance to TNF-alpha were significantly reduced. Superoxides 19-29 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 194-203 11313892-7 2001 The causal relationship between membrane superoxide production and increased cell proliferation, migration, and resistance to TNF-alpha by the expression of active H-ras, has provided direct evidence to demonstrate that superoxide acts as an intracellular messenger to cascade ras oncogenic signal relay and to modulate tumor malignant activity. Superoxides 41-51 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 126-135 11313892-7 2001 The causal relationship between membrane superoxide production and increased cell proliferation, migration, and resistance to TNF-alpha by the expression of active H-ras, has provided direct evidence to demonstrate that superoxide acts as an intracellular messenger to cascade ras oncogenic signal relay and to modulate tumor malignant activity. Superoxides 220-230 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 126-135 11246233-2 2001 Prior studies have shown, however, that SOD1 overexpression can reduce neuronal survival during exposure to superoxide generators by a mechanism involving excess H(2)O(2) accumulation. Superoxides 108-118 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 40-44 11246233-6 2001 In contrast to prior observations with neurons, astrocytes that overexpress SOD1 showed increased resistance to superoxide toxicity. Superoxides 112-122 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 76-80 11295363-8 2001 These observations correlated with the decrease of superoxide content as estimated by the INT-reductase assay in the presence of SOD using the same model system, as well as with the increase of intracellular SOD content and its activity. Superoxides 51-61 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 129-132 11313880-3 2001 p53 activation was followed by the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide anion (O2-*) measured by hydroethidium oxidation into ethidium and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) measured by oxidation of 2",7"-dichlorofluorescin (DCFH) into 2",7"-dichlorofluorescein (DCF), which was accompanied with ceramide generation through the activation of neutral, but not acid, sphingomyelinase. Superoxides 79-95 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 0-3 11313880-3 2001 p53 activation was followed by the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide anion (O2-*) measured by hydroethidium oxidation into ethidium and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) measured by oxidation of 2",7"-dichlorofluorescin (DCFH) into 2",7"-dichlorofluorescein (DCF), which was accompanied with ceramide generation through the activation of neutral, but not acid, sphingomyelinase. Superoxides 97-99 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 0-3 11313880-4 2001 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), a selective antioxidant for O2-*, had no effects on p53 expression but inhibited ceramide generation and apoptotic cell death caused by etoposide. Superoxides 56-58 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 11313880-4 2001 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), a selective antioxidant for O2-*, had no effects on p53 expression but inhibited ceramide generation and apoptotic cell death caused by etoposide. Superoxides 56-58 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 11313880-8 2001 Moreover, expression of functional p53 protein in glioma cells expressing mutant p53 using a temperature-sensitive human p53(Val138) induced ceramide accumulation by the activation of neutral sphingomyelinase which was dependent on the generation of O2-*. Superoxides 250-254 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 35-38 11313880-8 2001 Moreover, expression of functional p53 protein in glioma cells expressing mutant p53 using a temperature-sensitive human p53(Val138) induced ceramide accumulation by the activation of neutral sphingomyelinase which was dependent on the generation of O2-*. Superoxides 250-254 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 81-84 11313880-8 2001 Moreover, expression of functional p53 protein in glioma cells expressing mutant p53 using a temperature-sensitive human p53(Val138) induced ceramide accumulation by the activation of neutral sphingomyelinase which was dependent on the generation of O2-*. Superoxides 250-254 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 81-84 11313880-9 2001 Taken together, these results suggest that p53 may modulate ceramide generation by activation of neutral sphingomyelinase through the formation of O2-*, but not its downstream compounds H2O2 or * OH. Superoxides 147-149 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 43-46 11237707-1 2001 Tumor necrosis factor (TNFalpha) is an incomplete secretagogue in neutrophils and requires the engagement of beta integrins to trigger secretion of superoxide anion (O(-)(2)). Superoxides 148-164 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-21 11237707-1 2001 Tumor necrosis factor (TNFalpha) is an incomplete secretagogue in neutrophils and requires the engagement of beta integrins to trigger secretion of superoxide anion (O(-)(2)). Superoxides 148-164 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 23-31 11157675-1 2001 In a previous study, we found that the p22(phox) subunit of the NADH/NADPH oxidase is overexpressed in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) with enhanced vascular production of superoxide anion ((.)O(2)(-)). Superoxides 221-237 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Rattus norvegicus 43-47 11245904-2 2001 Antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutases (SOD, converting superoxide anion into H2O2) and catalase (converting H2O2 into water), are candidate drugs for augmentation of antioxidant defenses in endothelium. Superoxides 60-76 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 44-47 11368186-1 2001 We recently reported the synthesis of a cationic superoxide dismutase (SOD) derivative (AH-SOD) that rapidly and selectively accumulates in and around proximal tubule cells and effectively dismutes superoxide radicals in situ. Superoxides 49-59 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 71-74 11223870-0 2001 Roles of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and phospholipase D in temporal activation of superoxide production in FMLP-stimulated human neutrophils. Superoxides 85-95 glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1 Homo sapiens 43-58 11223870-0 2001 Roles of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and phospholipase D in temporal activation of superoxide production in FMLP-stimulated human neutrophils. Superoxides 85-95 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 110-114 11223870-7 2001 NADPH oxidase is activated in a PI3-kinase-dependent manner at the early phase, and PLD activity follows it and is related to superoxide production at the late phase in human neutrophils by stimulation with FMLP. Superoxides 126-136 glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1 Homo sapiens 84-87 11223870-7 2001 NADPH oxidase is activated in a PI3-kinase-dependent manner at the early phase, and PLD activity follows it and is related to superoxide production at the late phase in human neutrophils by stimulation with FMLP. Superoxides 126-136 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 207-211 11241298-3 2001 However, in presence of IFN-gamma or TNF-alpha, the superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) production, the p47phox, gp91phox and p22phox expression, and the binding of PU.1 and CP-1 to DNA are maintained at the high levels observed in blood monocytes. Superoxides 52-68 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 24-33 11241298-3 2001 However, in presence of IFN-gamma or TNF-alpha, the superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) production, the p47phox, gp91phox and p22phox expression, and the binding of PU.1 and CP-1 to DNA are maintained at the high levels observed in blood monocytes. Superoxides 70-74 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 24-33 11241298-7 2001 However, the preservation of O(2)(-) production by IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha is unrelated to their effect on gp91phox and p22phox expression. Superoxides 29-34 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 51-60 11257465-6 2001 We found that in a dose-dependent manner fibrinogen inhibited superoxide generation (pyrogallol and xanthine-xanthine oxidase reactions), ferrous ion oxidation and hydroxyl radical dependent degradation (of deoxyribose). Superoxides 62-72 fibrinogen beta chain Homo sapiens 41-51 11171943-10 2001 ROS (e.g., superoxide, peroxynitrite, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide) are all potential reactants capable of initiating DNA single-strand breakage, with subsequent activation of the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase, leading to eventual severe energy depletion of the cells and necrotic-type cell death. Superoxides 11-21 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 206-233 11222876-14 2001 We conclude that dihydroxylated PCBs, and PCB quinones after reaction with GSH, produce superoxide and other ROS both in vitro and in HL-60 cells, and oxidative DNA damage in the form of DNA strand breaks in vitro. Superoxides 88-98 pyruvate carboxylase Homo sapiens 32-35 11156938-10 2001 These data provide genetic proof that p47phox is necessary for superoxide release by microglial cells and indicate that a system related to the phagocyte oxidase is active in these cells. Superoxides 63-73 NSFL1 (p97) cofactor (p47) Mus musculus 38-41 11071897-1 2001 Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is an effective producer of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide, which may contribute to the development of alcohol liver disease or cytotoxicity. Superoxides 89-107 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 0-19 11071897-1 2001 Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is an effective producer of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide, which may contribute to the development of alcohol liver disease or cytotoxicity. Superoxides 89-107 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 21-27 11165869-4 2001 Superoxide radical production was assessed by the reduction of cytochrome C by glucose in the presence and absence of P or PM in a cell-free buffered solution. Superoxides 0-18 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 63-75 11251697-5 2001 The electron spin resonance study also demonstrated that the formation of superoxide-DMPO spin adduct was strongly inhibited by a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, etodolac, in a concentration-dependent manner. Superoxides 74-84 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 140-156 11159984-4 2001 IFN-gamma-activated resting peritoneal macrophages from MIF(-/-) mice showed impaired macrophage leishmanicidal activity and produced significantly lower levels of nitric oxide and superoxide in vitro. Superoxides 181-191 interferon gamma Mus musculus 0-9 11159984-4 2001 IFN-gamma-activated resting peritoneal macrophages from MIF(-/-) mice showed impaired macrophage leishmanicidal activity and produced significantly lower levels of nitric oxide and superoxide in vitro. Superoxides 181-191 macrophage migration inhibitory factor (glycosylation-inhibiting factor) Mus musculus 56-59 11168990-7 2001 RESULTS: The GCmix pretreatment decreased the superoxide production in activated neutrophils (fMLP or zymosan) by 50% (P < 0.01) and the ATP concentration by 60% (P < 0.05), and it inhibited glycolytic flux (lactate production) by 45% (P < 0.01), but did not alter glutathione concentration. Superoxides 46-56 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 94-98 11170825-0 2001 Increased superoxide generation is associated with decreased superoxide dismutase activity and mRNA expression in placental trophoblast cells in pre-eclampsia. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 61-81 11170825-12 2001 We conclude that increased superoxide generation was associated with decreased SOD activity and mRNA expression for CuZn-SOD in trophoblast cells isolated from pre-eclamptic placentae. Superoxides 27-37 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 79-82 11170825-12 2001 We conclude that increased superoxide generation was associated with decreased SOD activity and mRNA expression for CuZn-SOD in trophoblast cells isolated from pre-eclamptic placentae. Superoxides 27-37 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 121-124 11228101-10 2001 These results suggest that EFS of SHR mesenteric arteries releases neurogenic NO, the metabolism of which is increased in the presence of AII by the generation of superoxide anions. Superoxides 163-180 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 138-141 11139472-4 2001 The selective CYP 2C9 inhibitor sulfaphenazole and the superoxide anion (O(2-)) scavengers Tiron and nordihydroguaretic acid also induced a leftward shift in the NO-mediated concentration-relaxation curve to bradykinin. Superoxides 73-78 kininogen 1 Homo sapiens 208-218 11170241-2 2001 Previously, we showed that S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine-amine (SNAP), which generates nitric oxide, and 3-morpholinosydnonimine (Sin-1), which generates equal molar concentrations of superoxide and nitric oxide resulting in peroxynitrite production, exhibited different levels of cytotoxicity to normal human hepatocytes in culture. Superoxides 186-196 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 132-137 11139401-5 2001 Full activation of caspase 9 and caspase 3 appeared to be correlated with the appearance of superoxide anions in the mitochondria, and followed the drop in NADPH. Superoxides 92-109 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 33-42 11139407-2 2001 Release of superoxide anion into the intermembrane space is a controversial topic, partly unresolved by the reaction of superoxide anion with cytochrome c, which faces the intermembrane space and is present in this compartment at a high concentration. Superoxides 11-27 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 142-154 11139407-2 2001 Release of superoxide anion into the intermembrane space is a controversial topic, partly unresolved by the reaction of superoxide anion with cytochrome c, which faces the intermembrane space and is present in this compartment at a high concentration. Superoxides 120-136 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 142-154 11145700-6 2001 Concomitant with the cleavage of ERK and p38 MAPK, GM-CSF- and TNF-induced superoxide release, adherence, and phosphorylation of ERK and p38 MAPK were decreased in neutrophils undergoing apoptosis. Superoxides 75-85 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 33-36 11145700-7 2001 In addition, GM-CSF- and TNF-induced superoxide release and adherence were inhibited by PD98059 MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor) as well as SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor), suggesting possible involvement of ERK and p38 MAPK in superoxide release and adherence induced by these cytokines. Superoxides 37-47 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 101-104 11145700-7 2001 In addition, GM-CSF- and TNF-induced superoxide release and adherence were inhibited by PD98059 MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor) as well as SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor), suggesting possible involvement of ERK and p38 MAPK in superoxide release and adherence induced by these cytokines. Superoxides 37-47 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 200-203 11993645-4 2001 While both the cytochrome c-immobilized monolayer and multilayer electrodes show anodic current responses to the generation of superoxide radical, the sensitivity of the multilayer system for the detection of superoxide radical was high relative to that of the monolayer system. Superoxides 127-145 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 15-27 11993645-4 2001 While both the cytochrome c-immobilized monolayer and multilayer electrodes show anodic current responses to the generation of superoxide radical, the sensitivity of the multilayer system for the detection of superoxide radical was high relative to that of the monolayer system. Superoxides 209-227 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 15-27 11993645-5 2001 In the case of the cytochrome c-multilayer electrodes, the generation of superoxide radical near the sensing element, cytochrome c, resulted in high sensitivity for the detection of superoxide. Superoxides 73-91 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 19-31 11993645-5 2001 In the case of the cytochrome c-multilayer electrodes, the generation of superoxide radical near the sensing element, cytochrome c, resulted in high sensitivity for the detection of superoxide. Superoxides 73-91 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 118-130 11993645-5 2001 In the case of the cytochrome c-multilayer electrodes, the generation of superoxide radical near the sensing element, cytochrome c, resulted in high sensitivity for the detection of superoxide. Superoxides 73-83 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 19-31 11993645-5 2001 In the case of the cytochrome c-multilayer electrodes, the generation of superoxide radical near the sensing element, cytochrome c, resulted in high sensitivity for the detection of superoxide. Superoxides 73-83 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 118-130 11575740-7 2001 Lower NO production in stage IV disease may be due to lower expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), further facilitating the production of superoxide anions (O2*-). Superoxides 142-159 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 74-95 11575740-7 2001 Lower NO production in stage IV disease may be due to lower expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), further facilitating the production of superoxide anions (O2*-). Superoxides 161-163 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 74-95 11686853-3 2001 We tested the hypothesis that a short-term in vitro exposure to domoic acid, might lead to the activation of rat neonatal microglia and the concomitant release of the putative neurotoxic mediators tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), matrix metalloproteinases-2 and-9 (MMP-2 and -9) and superoxide anion (O2-). Superoxides 291-307 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 197-224 11686853-3 2001 We tested the hypothesis that a short-term in vitro exposure to domoic acid, might lead to the activation of rat neonatal microglia and the concomitant release of the putative neurotoxic mediators tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), matrix metalloproteinases-2 and-9 (MMP-2 and -9) and superoxide anion (O2-). Superoxides 291-307 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 226-235 11686853-3 2001 We tested the hypothesis that a short-term in vitro exposure to domoic acid, might lead to the activation of rat neonatal microglia and the concomitant release of the putative neurotoxic mediators tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), matrix metalloproteinases-2 and-9 (MMP-2 and -9) and superoxide anion (O2-). Superoxides 309-311 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 197-224 11686853-3 2001 We tested the hypothesis that a short-term in vitro exposure to domoic acid, might lead to the activation of rat neonatal microglia and the concomitant release of the putative neurotoxic mediators tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), matrix metalloproteinases-2 and-9 (MMP-2 and -9) and superoxide anion (O2-). Superoxides 309-311 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 226-235 11269742-4 2001 DDP-induced C-MCLA was completely inhibited by the addition of the O2- scavenger, superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 67-69 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 82-102 11269742-4 2001 DDP-induced C-MCLA was completely inhibited by the addition of the O2- scavenger, superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 67-69 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 104-107 11824481-6 2001 Furthermore, endothelial oxidative response to stretch was matrix protein-dependent, whereas cells grown on fibronectin and collagen I produced significantly more superoxide. Superoxides 163-173 fibronectin 1 Homo sapiens 108-119 11824481-9 2001 Strain-induced luciferase activity was blunted by coincubation with RGD peptides or calphostin C. Thus, exposure of endothelial cells to cyclic strain led to integrin activation of a PKC-sensitive pathway that results in increased superoxide anion production and mobilization of NFkappaB. Superoxides 231-247 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 279-287 11134891-6 2001 Moreover, pretreatment with cyclosporin A plus trifluoperazine, two mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) inhibitors, was capable of attenuating O(2)(*)(-)-mediated cytochrome c release and mitochondrial depolarization, and subsequently inhibiting apoptosis. Superoxides 151-155 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 171-183 11962084-3 2001 Such effect of SIN-1 realized mainly by nitric oxide effect and, partially, superoxide radical. Superoxides 76-94 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 15-20 11269002-6 2001 Similarly, enhanced superoxide anion generation in response to FMLP or phorbol myristate acetate before drainage was alleviated after drainage. Superoxides 20-36 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 63-67 11168643-4 2001 Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-induced superoxide formation was enhanced in peritoneal Mphi lacking TRAP; nitrite production in response to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IFN-gamma was also increased. Superoxides 90-100 interferon gamma Mus musculus 0-80 11168643-4 2001 Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-induced superoxide formation was enhanced in peritoneal Mphi lacking TRAP; nitrite production in response to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IFN-gamma was also increased. Superoxides 90-100 interferon gamma Mus musculus 71-80 11208760-15 2001 Ang II-infused hypertensive rats showed doubled vascular superoxide production (assessed with lucigenin chemiluminescence), which was normalized by treatment with tempol (3 mmol/L, n=7). Superoxides 57-67 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-6 11173977-6 2001 Lipid peroxidation and superoxide production correlate with the amount of cytochrome P450 2E1. Superoxides 23-33 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 74-93 15256925-4 2001 On the other hand, a significant improvement in sperm parameter recovery was seen in the aliquot with both SOD and catalase supplementation; perhaps because of their combined and simultaneous action on superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 202-218 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 107-110 15256925-4 2001 On the other hand, a significant improvement in sperm parameter recovery was seen in the aliquot with both SOD and catalase supplementation; perhaps because of their combined and simultaneous action on superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 202-218 catalase Homo sapiens 115-123 11200073-8 2001 Generation of superoxide anion and release of elastase were suppressed in anti-PR3-pretreated neutrophils undergoing fMLP challenge. Superoxides 14-30 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 117-121 11134248-10 2001 The p38-MAPK inhibitor (SB202190) and the ERK inhibitor (PD98059) diminished PR3-ANCA-mediated superoxide production dose dependently (11.6 +/- 1.7 nmol O(2)(-) to 1.9 +/- 0.6 with 50 microM SB202190 and 4.0 +/- 0.6 with 50 microM PD098059, respectively). Superoxides 95-105 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 4-12 11134248-10 2001 The p38-MAPK inhibitor (SB202190) and the ERK inhibitor (PD98059) diminished PR3-ANCA-mediated superoxide production dose dependently (11.6 +/- 1.7 nmol O(2)(-) to 1.9 +/- 0.6 with 50 microM SB202190 and 4.0 +/- 0.6 with 50 microM PD098059, respectively). Superoxides 95-105 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 42-45 11134248-10 2001 The p38-MAPK inhibitor (SB202190) and the ERK inhibitor (PD98059) diminished PR3-ANCA-mediated superoxide production dose dependently (11.6 +/- 1.7 nmol O(2)(-) to 1.9 +/- 0.6 with 50 microM SB202190 and 4.0 +/- 0.6 with 50 microM PD098059, respectively). Superoxides 153-157 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 4-12 11134248-10 2001 The p38-MAPK inhibitor (SB202190) and the ERK inhibitor (PD98059) diminished PR3-ANCA-mediated superoxide production dose dependently (11.6 +/- 1.7 nmol O(2)(-) to 1.9 +/- 0.6 with 50 microM SB202190 and 4.0 +/- 0.6 with 50 microM PD098059, respectively). Superoxides 153-157 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 42-45 11217146-1 2001 BACKGROUND: The antioxidant enzyme Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) gene is localized to chromosome 21q22.1 and catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide anions to hydrogen peroxide, which may lead to the increased production of active oxygen species in Down Syndrome (DS), trisomy 21. Superoxides 144-161 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 35-63 11217146-1 2001 BACKGROUND: The antioxidant enzyme Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) gene is localized to chromosome 21q22.1 and catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide anions to hydrogen peroxide, which may lead to the increased production of active oxygen species in Down Syndrome (DS), trisomy 21. Superoxides 144-161 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 65-69 11133247-1 2001 CYP2E1, induced in hepatocytes by heavy consumption of ethanol and certain other drugs, is a potent generator of superoxide, and is thereby thought to mediate the gravest aspects of alcoholic hepatotoxicity. Superoxides 113-123 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 11216837-4 2001 The maize NADH-dependent O2*--synthase activity could clearly be differentiated from peroxidase-mediated O2*--synthesizing activity by its insensitivity to cyanide and azide, as well as by its much higher affinity to O2. Superoxides 25-28 peroxidase 1 Zea mays 85-95 11865975-4 2001 Compared to Neo control cells, BCL-2-expressing cells are more resistant to the killing and growth retardation induced by hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, or by the oxygen radical-generating quinone-containing compounds menadione, diaziquone and adriamycin. Superoxides 141-151 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 31-36 11105318-4 2001 The addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) resulted in a dramatic decrease of the ESR signal intensity of the superoxide radical adduct. Superoxides 16-26 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 38-41 11642716-8 2001 In conclusion, we assume that the insulin-induced increase in chemiluminescence of platelet-rich plasma was due to increased production of NO* and superoxide free radicals forming peroxynitrite. Superoxides 147-157 insulin Homo sapiens 34-41 11007780-1 2000 The superoxide (O(2))-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes consists of a membrane-associated flavocytochrome (cytochrome b(559)) and four cytosolic proteins, p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (Rac1 or -2). Superoxides 4-14 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 179-182 11007780-1 2000 The superoxide (O(2))-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes consists of a membrane-associated flavocytochrome (cytochrome b(559)) and four cytosolic proteins, p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (Rac1 or -2). Superoxides 4-14 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 222-225 11007780-1 2000 The superoxide (O(2))-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes consists of a membrane-associated flavocytochrome (cytochrome b(559)) and four cytosolic proteins, p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (Rac1 or -2). Superoxides 16-20 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 179-182 11007780-1 2000 The superoxide (O(2))-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes consists of a membrane-associated flavocytochrome (cytochrome b(559)) and four cytosolic proteins, p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (Rac1 or -2). Superoxides 16-20 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 222-225 11118816-8 2000 Reconstitution experiments using transformed or nontransformed cells in conjunction with myeloperoxidase, HOCl, or an NO donor demonstrated that superoxide anions generated extracellularly by transformed cells participate in intercellular signalling and at the same time determine transformed cells as selective targets for intercellular induction of apoptosis. Superoxides 145-162 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 89-104 11110778-4 2000 Therefore, we investigated the role of O(2)(-) anions generated by the NAD(P)H oxidase system on the Ang II activation of the JAK/STAT cascade and its impact on IL-6 synthesis. Superoxides 39-44 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 101-107 11110778-5 2000 Ang II stimulation of rat aortic smooth muscle cells induced a rapid increase in O(2)(-) anions determined by laser fluoroscopy, which can be abolished by DPI, a flavoprotein inhibitor. Superoxides 81-85 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-6 11110778-9 2000 These results suggest that stimulation of the JAK/STAT cascade by Ang II requires O(2)(-) anions generated by the NAD(P)H oxidase system, and O(2)(-) anion-dependent activation of the JAK/STAT cascade seems to be additionally involved in Ang II-induced IL-6 synthesis. Superoxides 82-86 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 66-72 11110778-9 2000 These results suggest that stimulation of the JAK/STAT cascade by Ang II requires O(2)(-) anions generated by the NAD(P)H oxidase system, and O(2)(-) anion-dependent activation of the JAK/STAT cascade seems to be additionally involved in Ang II-induced IL-6 synthesis. Superoxides 142-146 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 66-72 11110778-9 2000 These results suggest that stimulation of the JAK/STAT cascade by Ang II requires O(2)(-) anions generated by the NAD(P)H oxidase system, and O(2)(-) anion-dependent activation of the JAK/STAT cascade seems to be additionally involved in Ang II-induced IL-6 synthesis. Superoxides 142-146 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 238-244 11110778-9 2000 These results suggest that stimulation of the JAK/STAT cascade by Ang II requires O(2)(-) anions generated by the NAD(P)H oxidase system, and O(2)(-) anion-dependent activation of the JAK/STAT cascade seems to be additionally involved in Ang II-induced IL-6 synthesis. Superoxides 142-146 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 253-257 11110778-10 2000 Thus, Ang II-induced inflammatory effects seem to require O(2)(-) anions generated by the NAD(P)H oxidase system. Superoxides 58-65 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 6-12 11117554-1 2000 Continuous subcutaneous administration of polyamine-modified catalase that has increased permeability at the blood-brain barrier showed both a highly significant delay in onset and an increase in survival in a transgenic mouse model of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis having a point mutation in the gene encoding copper/zinc superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 332-342 catalase Mus musculus 61-69 11209763-0 2000 Superoxide reactivates nitric oxide-inhibited catalase. Superoxides 0-10 catalase Homo sapiens 46-54 11090610-4 2000 Although rates of NO consumption in buffer were accelerated in the presence of a superoxide-generating system, subsequent addition of catalytic levels of a model peroxidase, MPO, to NO-containing solutions resulted in the rapid acceleration of NO consumption. Superoxides 81-91 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 174-177 11086094-6 2000 The effect of the cyclopentenone 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-PGJ(2) on superoxide synthesis was dependent on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity, but was independent of the interaction with peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor gamma. Superoxides 65-75 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 103-106 11132603-0 2000 Chronic inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis in rats increases aortic superoxide anion production via the action of angiotensin II. Superoxides 70-86 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 116-130 11080209-10 2000 In cells that express HO-1, the association of reductase with HO-1 should competitively inhibit the interaction of reductase with cytochrome P450 isozymes and thereby limit free radical production as the latter two enzymes act cooperatively to produce superoxide. Superoxides 252-262 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 22-26 11080209-10 2000 In cells that express HO-1, the association of reductase with HO-1 should competitively inhibit the interaction of reductase with cytochrome P450 isozymes and thereby limit free radical production as the latter two enzymes act cooperatively to produce superoxide. Superoxides 252-262 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 62-66 11121130-0 2000 Suppressive effects of cyclosporin A and FK-506 on superoxide generation in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes primed by tumor necrosis factor alpha. Superoxides 51-61 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 121-148 11200702-2 2000 Mutations in SOD1, the gene encoding a superoxide dismutase on chromosome 21, are indeed found in 20% of familial ALS patients, who constitute only 5 or 10% of all ALS patients. Superoxides 39-49 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 13-17 11209763-6 2000 Formation of peroxynitrite by the simultaneous generation of NO and O2- was only partially inhibited by ferricatalase, presumably due to slow binding of NO to catalase in comparison with the reaction of NO and O2-. Superoxides 68-70 catalase Homo sapiens 109-117 11209763-6 2000 Formation of peroxynitrite by the simultaneous generation of NO and O2- was only partially inhibited by ferricatalase, presumably due to slow binding of NO to catalase in comparison with the reaction of NO and O2-. Superoxides 210-212 catalase Homo sapiens 109-117 19714405-2 2000 Mutations in SOD1, the gene encoding a superoxide dismutase on chromosome 21, are indeed found in 20% of familial ALS patients, who constitute only 5 or 10% of all ALS patients. Superoxides 39-49 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 13-17 11474120-2 2000 The transduction signalling mediated by IgG1 immune complexes are known to promote a concomitant production of superoxide and nitric oxide leading to the production of peroxynitrites and cell death by apoptosis. Superoxides 111-121 immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 1 (G1m marker) Mus musculus 40-44 11474120-3 2000 The Fc-mediated intracellular delivery of SOD1 thus limited the endogenous production of superoxide. Superoxides 89-99 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 42-46 11474120-9 2000 The concomitant stimulation of the FcyR and the translocation of the SOD1 in the cytoplasm of IFN-gamma-activated macrophages not only reduced the production of superoxide anion but also induced the expression of the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the related NO production. Superoxides 161-177 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 69-73 11474120-9 2000 The concomitant stimulation of the FcyR and the translocation of the SOD1 in the cytoplasm of IFN-gamma-activated macrophages not only reduced the production of superoxide anion but also induced the expression of the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the related NO production. Superoxides 161-177 interferon gamma Mus musculus 94-103 11474120-9 2000 The concomitant stimulation of the FcyR and the translocation of the SOD1 in the cytoplasm of IFN-gamma-activated macrophages not only reduced the production of superoxide anion but also induced the expression of the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and the related NO production. Superoxides 161-177 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 258-262 11474120-12 2000 In this work, we propose that Fc-mediated intracellular delivery of the SOD1 that reduced the production of superoxide anion and of peroxynitrite, promoted a NO-induced protective effect in inducing the antioxidant armature of the cells. Superoxides 108-124 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 72-76 11067938-3 2000 Here we report that exogenously administrated superoxide, generated by the hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase system (HXXO) or by the redox cycler 2, 3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphtoquinone, caused a marked amplification of IL-1beta-primed, steady state, MMP-9 mRNA level and an increase in gelatinolytic activity in the conditioned medium. Superoxides 46-56 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 209-217 11067938-10 2000 Furthermore, IL-1beta-triggered phosphorylation of all three MAPKs, including p38-MAPK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and ERK, was substantially enhanced by superoxide. Superoxides 152-162 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 13-21 11067938-10 2000 Furthermore, IL-1beta-triggered phosphorylation of all three MAPKs, including p38-MAPK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and ERK, was substantially enhanced by superoxide. Superoxides 152-162 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 117-120 11045939-12 2000 Increased SOD-1 could contribute to the enhanced NO.-dependent dilation previously observed in EX porcine coronary arterioles by improving management of superoxide in the vascular cell environment, thus prolonging the biological half-life of NO. Superoxides 153-163 superoxide dismutase 1 Sus scrofa 10-15 11045958-1 2000 Although NAD(P)H oxidase-derived superoxide (O(2)(-)) is increased during the development of angiotensin II (ANG II)-dependent hypertension, vascular regulation at the protein level has not been reported. Superoxides 33-43 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 93-107 11045958-1 2000 Although NAD(P)H oxidase-derived superoxide (O(2)(-)) is increased during the development of angiotensin II (ANG II)-dependent hypertension, vascular regulation at the protein level has not been reported. Superoxides 33-43 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 109-115 11045958-1 2000 Although NAD(P)H oxidase-derived superoxide (O(2)(-)) is increased during the development of angiotensin II (ANG II)-dependent hypertension, vascular regulation at the protein level has not been reported. Superoxides 45-52 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 93-107 11045958-1 2000 Although NAD(P)H oxidase-derived superoxide (O(2)(-)) is increased during the development of angiotensin II (ANG II)-dependent hypertension, vascular regulation at the protein level has not been reported. Superoxides 45-52 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 109-115 11045958-9 2000 Our results suggest that ANG II-induced increases in O(2)(-) are due to increased adventitial NAD(P)H oxidase activity, brought about by the heightened expression and interaction of its components. Superoxides 53-57 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 25-31 11045980-6 2000 Bicarbonate enhanced the inactivation of purified mitochondrial aconitase in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, generating superoxide. Superoxides 126-136 aconitase 2 Homo sapiens 50-73 11053225-0 2000 Endothelial nitric oxide synthase is a site of superoxide synthesis in endothelial cells treated with glyceryl trinitrate. Superoxides 47-57 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 0-33 11114261-1 2000 Cytosolic Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is a ubiquitous small cytosolic metalloenzyme that catalyzes the conversion of superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). Superoxides 123-139 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 38-42 11106932-6 2000 iNOS produces an excessive amount of NO for long periods, which allows generation of a highly reactive nitrogen oxide species, peroxynitrite, via a radical coupling reaction of NO with superoxide. Superoxides 185-195 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 0-4 11114963-6 2000 RESULTS: In smokers before ibuprofen, monocyte adhesion to native and TNFalpha-stimulated HUVEC was increased (P < 0001 and P < 0.01, respectively), and so were O2- levels in native and PMA-stimulated monocytes (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively). Superoxides 167-169 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 70-78 11131300-10 2000 Functionally, up-regulation of PDE4 reduced the inhibition by prostaglandin E2 of zymosan-induced superoxide generation. Superoxides 98-108 phosphodiesterase 4A Homo sapiens 31-35 11065212-11 2000 These results suggest that EFS of SHR mesenteric arteries releases neurogenic NO, the metabolism of which is increased in the presence of ET-1 by the generation of superoxide anions. Superoxides 164-181 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 138-142 11118808-3 2000 Superoxide is controlled by enzymes such as manganese- or copper-zinc-dependent superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD, CuZn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and antioxidants derived from heme oxygenase (HO) activity such as biliverdin and bilirubin. Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 110-118 11073107-0 2000 C5a-stimulated human neutrophils use a subset of beta2 integrins to support the adhesion-dependent phase of superoxide production. Superoxides 108-118 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 11073107-1 2000 Isolated human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) responded to human C5a with an immediate, transient release of superoxide lasting from 0.5 to 5 min. Superoxides 114-124 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 70-73 11073107-2 2000 This was followed by a second release of superoxide, which began at 10 min after addition of C5a, was sustained for more than 30 min, and required ICAM-1 immobilized in the wells. Superoxides 41-51 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 93-96 11073107-9 2000 Thus, PMN treated with C5a used signals via CR3, P150/95, and alphad/beta2, but not LFA-1, to support superoxide production. Superoxides 102-112 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 23-26 11030714-0 2000 Differential role of angiotensin II receptor subtypes on endothelial superoxide formation. Superoxides 69-79 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 21-35 11032887-1 2000 The activity of the superoxide-sensitive enzyme aconitase was monitored to evaluate the generation of superoxide in neuronal cell lines treated with beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptide 1-42. Superoxides 20-30 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 163-168 11062295-10 2000 In vivo, significant superoxide scavenging by CuZn superoxide dismutase occurs within cellular compartments or through biochemical pathways that are not restricted to, and may be distinct from, neuronal NO/superoxide reaction and peroxynitrite synthesis. Superoxides 21-31 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 46-71 11040403-2 2000 Under these conditions, a low, yet significant, spontaneous superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) production, matching with enhanced levels of basal adherence, was detected in FN-plated neutrophils of elderly donors. Superoxides 60-76 fibronectin 1 Homo sapiens 165-167 11040403-2 2000 Under these conditions, a low, yet significant, spontaneous superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) production, matching with enhanced levels of basal adherence, was detected in FN-plated neutrophils of elderly donors. Superoxides 78-83 fibronectin 1 Homo sapiens 165-167 11053782-5 2000 We also showed that the requirement for SOD in the previous NO&z.rad; measurements appeared to be due to the high levels of exogenous superoxide production in their reaction system because of the presence of free FAD. Superoxides 138-148 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 40-43 11068877-0 2000 Effect of a prolonged superoxide flux on transferrin and ferritin. Superoxides 22-32 transferrin Homo sapiens 41-52 11068877-5 2000 The reaction of ferritin and transferrin with a clean chemical source of superoxide, di(4-carboxybenzyl)hyponitrite (SOTS-1) was therefore investigated. Superoxides 73-83 transferrin Homo sapiens 29-40 10997917-11 2000 Folates, superoxide ions, and peroxynitrite scavengers restore the NO-generating activity to eNOS, collectively suggesting that cellular redox state plays an important role in HCy-suppressed NO-generating function of this enzyme. Superoxides 9-19 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 93-97 11009441-0 2000 IL-10 deficiency increases superoxide and endothelial dysfunction during inflammation. Superoxides 27-37 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 0-5 11009441-9 2000 Results using confocal microscopy and hydroethidine indicated that levels of superoxide are elevated in carotid arteries from IL-10 -/- mice compared with IL-10 +/+ mice after LPS injection. Superoxides 77-87 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 126-131 11009441-11 2000 These data provide direct evidence that IL-10 protects endothelial function after an acute inflammatory stimulus by limiting local increases in superoxide. Superoxides 144-154 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 40-45 11229371-4 2000 On the other hand, Kupffer cell-derived oxidants, such as superoxide, may play a role in initiating tumor nerosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production that leads to hepatocyte proliferation. Superoxides 58-68 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 128-137 11037884-3 2000 The cells were added to wells coated with C1q, and the production of O2- was monitored kinetically as a color change due to reduction of cytochrome c. Superoxides 69-71 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 137-149 11080612-9 2000 Tissue damage mediated by neutrophils can be initiated by complement fragments, notably C5a, which are potent stimulators of neutrophil superoxide production and adherence to coronary artery endothelium. Superoxides 136-146 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 88-91 11030714-3 2000 In quiescent human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) superoxide formation was measured after long-term incubation (6 h) with angiotensin II in the presence or absence of its receptor blocker candesartan (AT1) or PD123319 (AT2) using the cytochrome c assay. Superoxides 60-70 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 132-146 11030714-5 2000 The basal superoxide formation (0.19+/-0.03 nmol superoxide mg protein(-1) min(-1)) in HUVEC was increased by 37.1% after exposure to angiotensin II (100 nM,) which was due to an activation of a NAD(P)H oxidase. Superoxides 10-20 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 134-148 11030714-5 2000 The basal superoxide formation (0.19+/-0.03 nmol superoxide mg protein(-1) min(-1)) in HUVEC was increased by 37.1% after exposure to angiotensin II (100 nM,) which was due to an activation of a NAD(P)H oxidase. Superoxides 49-59 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 134-148 11022847-1 2000 The kinetics of O2*- reaction with semi-oxidized tryptophan radicals in lysozyme, Trp*(Lyz) have been investigated at various pHs and conformational states by pulse radiolysis. Superoxides 16-18 lysozyme Homo sapiens 87-90 11022847-7 2000 The well-established long range intramolecular electron transfer from Tyr residues to Trp radicals--leading to the repair of the semi-oxidized Trp*(Lyz) and formation of the tyrosyl phenoxyl radical is inhibited by the Trp*(Lyz) + O2*- reaction, as is most of the Trp*(Lyz) + Trp*(Lyz) reaction. Superoxides 231-233 lysozyme Homo sapiens 148-151 11052778-0 2000 Decreased superoxide anion production in cultured human promonocyte cells (THP-1) due to polyphenol mixtures from olive oil processing wastewaters. Superoxides 10-26 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 75-80 11052778-1 2000 The purpose of this study was to examine whether human monocytic line THP-1 after differentiation into adherent macrophages, taken as a model of human macrophages implicated in atheroma, is able to produce lower quantities of O(2)(*)(-) either in the presence of polyphenol-rich olive oil wastewater (OWW) fractions or after OWW preincubation and withdrawal from the medium. Superoxides 226-230 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 70-75 11022847-7 2000 The well-established long range intramolecular electron transfer from Tyr residues to Trp radicals--leading to the repair of the semi-oxidized Trp*(Lyz) and formation of the tyrosyl phenoxyl radical is inhibited by the Trp*(Lyz) + O2*- reaction, as is most of the Trp*(Lyz) + Trp*(Lyz) reaction. Superoxides 231-233 lysozyme Homo sapiens 224-227 11022847-7 2000 The well-established long range intramolecular electron transfer from Tyr residues to Trp radicals--leading to the repair of the semi-oxidized Trp*(Lyz) and formation of the tyrosyl phenoxyl radical is inhibited by the Trp*(Lyz) + O2*- reaction, as is most of the Trp*(Lyz) + Trp*(Lyz) reaction. Superoxides 231-233 lysozyme Homo sapiens 224-227 11022847-7 2000 The well-established long range intramolecular electron transfer from Tyr residues to Trp radicals--leading to the repair of the semi-oxidized Trp*(Lyz) and formation of the tyrosyl phenoxyl radical is inhibited by the Trp*(Lyz) + O2*- reaction, as is most of the Trp*(Lyz) + Trp*(Lyz) reaction. Superoxides 231-233 lysozyme Homo sapiens 224-227 11034401-4 2000 Isolated alveolar macrophages from SP-A-/- mice generated significantly less, whereas those from SP-D-/- mice generated significantly greater superoxide and hydrogen peroxide compared with wild-type alveolar macrophages. Superoxides 142-152 surfactant associated protein D Mus musculus 97-101 11034409-4 2000 In addition to PAF, the fMLP- and extracellular ATP-induced superoxide productions were inhibited by capsaicin, whereas PMA-induced superoxide production was not affected. Superoxides 60-70 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 24-28 11041881-0 2000 Ozone-sensitive arabidopsis rcd1 mutant reveals opposite roles for ethylene and jasmonate signaling pathways in regulating superoxide-dependent cell death. Superoxides 123-133 WWE protein-protein interaction domain protein family Arabidopsis thaliana 28-32 11041881-1 2000 We have isolated a codominant Arabidopsis mutant, radical-induced cell death1 (rcd1), in which ozone (O(3)) and extracellular superoxide (O(2)(*)-), but not hydrogen peroxide, induce cellular O(2)(*)- accumulation and transient spreading lesions. Superoxides 126-136 WWE protein-protein interaction domain protein family Arabidopsis thaliana 79-83 11041881-1 2000 We have isolated a codominant Arabidopsis mutant, radical-induced cell death1 (rcd1), in which ozone (O(3)) and extracellular superoxide (O(2)(*)-), but not hydrogen peroxide, induce cellular O(2)(*)- accumulation and transient spreading lesions. Superoxides 138-142 WWE protein-protein interaction domain protein family Arabidopsis thaliana 79-83 11041881-1 2000 We have isolated a codominant Arabidopsis mutant, radical-induced cell death1 (rcd1), in which ozone (O(3)) and extracellular superoxide (O(2)(*)-), but not hydrogen peroxide, induce cellular O(2)(*)- accumulation and transient spreading lesions. Superoxides 192-196 WWE protein-protein interaction domain protein family Arabidopsis thaliana 79-83 11014196-1 2000 Superoxide dismutases (SOD) are essential enzymes that eliminate superoxide radical (O2-) and thus protect cells from damage induced by free radicals. Superoxides 65-83 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-21 11014196-1 2000 Superoxide dismutases (SOD) are essential enzymes that eliminate superoxide radical (O2-) and thus protect cells from damage induced by free radicals. Superoxides 65-83 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 23-26 11014196-1 2000 Superoxide dismutases (SOD) are essential enzymes that eliminate superoxide radical (O2-) and thus protect cells from damage induced by free radicals. Superoxides 85-87 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-21 11014196-1 2000 Superoxide dismutases (SOD) are essential enzymes that eliminate superoxide radical (O2-) and thus protect cells from damage induced by free radicals. Superoxides 85-87 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 23-26 11014196-2 2000 The active O2- production and low SOD activity in cancer cells may render the malignant cells highly dependent on SOD for survival and sensitive to inhibition of SOD. Superoxides 11-13 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 114-117 11014196-2 2000 The active O2- production and low SOD activity in cancer cells may render the malignant cells highly dependent on SOD for survival and sensitive to inhibition of SOD. Superoxides 11-13 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 114-117 11014196-5 2000 Inhibition of SOD causes accumulation of cellular O2- and leads to free-radical-mediated damage to mitochondrial membranes, the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria and apoptosis of the cancer cells. Superoxides 50-52 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 14-17 11016629-5 2000 NO and superoxide (O2-) generation was induced by a combination of lipopolysaccharide and IFN-gamma in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, and by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in differentiated human promyelocyte HL-60, respectively. Superoxides 7-17 interferon gamma Mus musculus 90-99 10975852-11 2000 By contrast, selectively cross-linking uPA-occupied uPAR was capable of directly inducing superoxide release as well as enhancing FMLP-stimulated superoxide release. Superoxides 90-100 plasminogen activator, urokinase Homo sapiens 39-42 10975852-11 2000 By contrast, selectively cross-linking uPA-occupied uPAR was capable of directly inducing superoxide release as well as enhancing FMLP-stimulated superoxide release. Superoxides 146-156 plasminogen activator, urokinase Homo sapiens 39-42 11016629-5 2000 NO and superoxide (O2-) generation was induced by a combination of lipopolysaccharide and IFN-gamma in mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells, and by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in differentiated human promyelocyte HL-60, respectively. Superoxides 19-21 interferon gamma Mus musculus 90-99 10973620-5 2000 N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP)-induced O(2)(-) production was not influenced by Y-27632, but was inhibited by wortmannin. Superoxides 36-40 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 10973620-5 2000 N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP)-induced O(2)(-) production was not influenced by Y-27632, but was inhibited by wortmannin. Superoxides 36-40 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 22-26 10961859-5 2000 The cloned cDNA was then introduced into normal bone marrow cells through retrovirus vectors, and neutrophils expressing this mutant exhibited decreased cell movement and production of superoxide in response to fMLP. Superoxides 185-195 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 211-215 10960065-0 2000 Inducible nitric oxide synthase-derived superoxide contributes to hypereactivity in small mesenteric arteries from a rat model of chronic heart failure. Superoxides 40-50 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-31 10960065-1 2000 The aims of this study were to (a) determine whether inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is expressed in small mesenteric arteries from rats with chronic heart failure (CHF), (b) investigate the functional significance of this potential source of nitric oxide (NO) on vascular responsiveness and (c) investigate the role that superoxide plays in modulating vascular function in these arteries. Superoxides 329-339 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 86-90 10960065-12 2000 However, instead of generating large quantities of NO, iNOS appears to be generating superoxide, perhaps because of a deficiency in its substrate, L-arginine. Superoxides 85-95 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 55-59 10960065-13 2000 Increased superoxide generation from iNOS contributes to the hyperesponsive nature of endothelium-intact small mesenteric arteries from rats with CHF. Superoxides 10-20 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 37-41 11020665-1 2000 The rate of formation of superoxide measured by its reduction of tetranitromethane (TNM) and by its reduction of ferric cytochrome c (Fe(III) cc) are in excellent agreement when the superoxide is generated from a simple chemical precursor. Superoxides 25-35 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 120-132 11020665-1 2000 The rate of formation of superoxide measured by its reduction of tetranitromethane (TNM) and by its reduction of ferric cytochrome c (Fe(III) cc) are in excellent agreement when the superoxide is generated from a simple chemical precursor. Superoxides 182-192 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 120-132 10954569-12 2000 The finding that AACOCF(3) and SOD significantly block activation of NF-kappaB suggests that this activation is derived from the AA-superoxide anion pathway. Superoxides 132-148 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 31-34 10985916-5 2000 The low Zn levels result in deficient CuZnSuperoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), which in turn leads to increased levels of superoxide. Superoxides 117-127 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 38-62 10985916-5 2000 The low Zn levels result in deficient CuZnSuperoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), which in turn leads to increased levels of superoxide. Superoxides 117-127 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 64-71 10833511-4 2000 We now show that superoxide can inhibit endothelin-converting enzyme activity (ECE) and decrease endothelin-1 synthesis. Superoxides 17-27 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 97-109 11022893-8 2000 However, there are a number of pathophysiologic conditions where Ang II interacts with various local autocrine and paracrine factors (such as nitric oxide [NO], eicosanoids, adenosine, and superoxide) to influence glomerular filtration rate. Superoxides 189-199 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 65-71 10961653-2 2000 Approximately 20% of the inherited autosomal dominant cases are due to mutations within the gene coding for Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), a cytosolic homodimeric enzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of toxic superoxide anion. Superoxides 216-232 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 138-142 10924079-7 2000 These results implicate superoxide, derived from both xanthine oxidase and NADPH oxidase, as mediators of the increased P-selectin expression observed in different regional vascular beds exposed to hemorrhage and retransfusion. Superoxides 24-34 selectin, platelet Mus musculus 120-130 10934088-6 2000 Superoxide production was measured as superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of cytochrome c. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 84-96 10934109-7 2000 These results suggest that: (1) RNS may be involved in the pathobiology of the airway inflammatory and obstructive process in COPD; and (2) NO produced in the airways, presumably via iNOS, is consumed by its reaction with superoxide anion and/or peroxidase-dependent mechanisms. Superoxides 222-238 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 183-187 10967199-3 2000 Angiotensin II stimulates a NAD(P)H oxidase to produce superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, both of which may act on intracellular growth-related proteins and enzymes to mediate the final physiological response. Superoxides 55-65 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-14 21767162-10 2011 The protective effects of MnSOD, NOS inhibitors, and superoxide or peroxynitrite scavengers point out a role of the superoxide anion reacting with NO to form mtDNA- and protein-damaging peroxynitrite. Superoxides 116-132 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 26-31 11035262-2 2000 Previous studies showed that the loss of cyt c triggered superoxide production by mitochondria and contributed to the oxidation of cellular thiol-disulfide redox state. Superoxides 57-67 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 41-46 10900176-0 2000 NF- kappa B independent suppression of endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 gene expression by inhibition of flavin binding proteins and superoxide production. Superoxides 184-194 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 0-11 10900176-0 2000 NF- kappa B independent suppression of endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 gene expression by inhibition of flavin binding proteins and superoxide production. Superoxides 184-194 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 51-84 10900176-4 2000 Treatment of HAECs by tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF- alpha, 100 U/ml) for 1 h induced a 31% increase in O(2)(-)production within 5 min as determined by lucigenin chemiluminescence analysis of whole cells (n=4, P<0.05). Superoxides 108-112 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 22-50 10900176-4 2000 Treatment of HAECs by tumor necrosis factor- alpha (TNF- alpha, 100 U/ml) for 1 h induced a 31% increase in O(2)(-)production within 5 min as determined by lucigenin chemiluminescence analysis of whole cells (n=4, P<0.05). Superoxides 108-112 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 52-62 10917953-2 2000 METHODS: CGS 32359 (0.16-16 micromol/L) dose-dependently inhibited superoxide production by human C5a-activated porcine neutrophils (18 +/- 3.7 vs 1.6 +/- 0.5 nmol/5 min/5 x 10(6) neutrophils; P <.05) and reduced neutrophil adherence to coronary endothelium from 194 +/- 9 to 43 +/- 6 neutrophils/mm(2) (P <.05). Superoxides 67-77 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 98-101 10944420-7 2000 IFN-gamma increased superoxide and thiol productions in both types of macrophages. Superoxides 20-30 interferon gamma Mus musculus 0-9 10944420-8 2000 We conclude that IFN-gamma promotes macrophage-mediated LDL oxidation by stimulating superoxide and thiol production under conditions where iNOS-catalyzed NO release is restricted. Superoxides 85-95 interferon gamma Mus musculus 17-26 10944918-5 2000 It has been investigated that the metabolic disorders associated with obesity enhance the superoxide production in the arterial walls through the insulin resistance. Superoxides 90-100 insulin Homo sapiens 146-153 10891334-7 2000 Low levels of heme degradation in the presence of superoxide and catalase are attributed to a reaction involving the superoxide produced during autoxidation. Superoxides 117-127 catalase Homo sapiens 65-73 10886557-13 2000 CONCLUSION: Elevated levels of TGF-beta1 derived from glomerular or extraglomerular sources are capable of increasing glomerular Palb via superoxide and hydroxyl radicals and may lead to proteinuria in vivo. Superoxides 138-148 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 31-40 10873158-3 2000 Both nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB and enhanced kappaB-dependent transcription induced by V(IV) were inhibited by overexpression of catalase, but not Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), indicating that peroxides rather than superoxides initiated signaling. Superoxides 233-244 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 30-39 10873158-3 2000 Both nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB and enhanced kappaB-dependent transcription induced by V(IV) were inhibited by overexpression of catalase, but not Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), indicating that peroxides rather than superoxides initiated signaling. Superoxides 233-244 catalase Homo sapiens 137-145 10873967-5 2000 Superoxide anion production (respiratory burst) was determined by lucigenin enhanced chemiluminescence (LUCL); secondary granule lactoferrin release by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); and CD11b, CD18, and CD62L expression by flow cytometric analysis. Superoxides 0-16 integrin subunit beta 2 Homo sapiens 206-210 10926207-0 2000 IFN-gamma enhances osteoclast generation in cultures of peripheral blood from osteopetrotic patients and normalizes superoxide production. Superoxides 116-126 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 0-9 10926207-10 2000 IFN-gamma markedly increased (p < 0.0001) superoxide production. Superoxides 45-55 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 0-9 10871652-7 2000 In other words, Cu,Zn-SOD may contribute to the maintenance of pregnancy by preventing the accumulation of superoxide radicals that cause PGF(2alpha) synthesis. Superoxides 107-117 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 10924079-0 2000 Role of superoxide in hemorrhagic shock-induced P-selectin expression. Superoxides 8-18 selectin, platelet Mus musculus 48-58 10767399-3 2000 Timosaponins E1 and E2 significantly inhibited N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced superoxide generation in a concentration-dependent manner, but not that induced by arachidonic acid (AA). Superoxides 102-112 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 88-92 10764736-0 2000 The small G-protein Rac mediates depolarization-induced superoxide formation in human endothelial cells. Superoxides 56-66 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 20-23 10764736-7 2000 Accordingly, the Rac inhibitor Clostridium difficile toxin B blocked the effects of depolarization on superoxide formation. Superoxides 102-112 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 17-20 10764736-9 2000 It is concluded that depolarization is an important stimulus of endothelial superoxide production, which involves a tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent translocation of the small G-protein Rac. Superoxides 76-86 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 188-191 10861792-5 2000 Our results indicate that exposure of pial and cerebral vasculature to IL-1 beta significantly accelerates recruitment of neutrophils, reduces cerebral blood flow, and increases superoxide anion concentration at the pial surface during reperfusion. Superoxides 178-194 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 71-80 10861792-6 2000 These results support the idea that prior exposure of brain vasculature to IL-1 beta results in acceleration of cerebrovascular injury by accelerating recruitment of neutrophils, which secrete superoxide anion, during reperfusion. Superoxides 193-209 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 75-84 10747895-2 2000 Purified endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) can generate superoxide (O(2)) under special conditions but is only known to participate in cell signaling through NO. Superoxides 63-73 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 9-42 10747895-2 2000 Purified endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) can generate superoxide (O(2)) under special conditions but is only known to participate in cell signaling through NO. Superoxides 63-73 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 44-48 10747895-2 2000 Purified endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) can generate superoxide (O(2)) under special conditions but is only known to participate in cell signaling through NO. Superoxides 75-79 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 9-42 10747895-2 2000 Purified endothelial nitric-oxide synthase (eNOS) can generate superoxide (O(2)) under special conditions but is only known to participate in cell signaling through NO. Superoxides 75-79 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 44-48 10747895-3 2000 Here we show that eNOS regulates tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) through a mechanism dependent on the production of O(2) and completely independent of NO. Superoxides 123-127 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 18-22 10747895-3 2000 Here we show that eNOS regulates tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) through a mechanism dependent on the production of O(2) and completely independent of NO. Superoxides 123-127 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 33-60 10747895-3 2000 Here we show that eNOS regulates tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) through a mechanism dependent on the production of O(2) and completely independent of NO. Superoxides 123-127 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 62-70 10747895-7 2000 Similar to the effect of eNOS, a O(2) donor dose-dependently increased TNFalpha production in differentiated U937 cells. Superoxides 33-37 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 25-29 10747895-7 2000 Similar to the effect of eNOS, a O(2) donor dose-dependently increased TNFalpha production in differentiated U937 cells. Superoxides 33-37 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 71-79 10747895-8 2000 In contrast, cotransfection of superoxide dismutase with eNOS prevented TNFalpha up-regulation, as did partial deletion of the eNOS NADPH binding site, a mutation associated with loss of O(2) production. Superoxides 187-191 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 57-61 10747895-8 2000 In contrast, cotransfection of superoxide dismutase with eNOS prevented TNFalpha up-regulation, as did partial deletion of the eNOS NADPH binding site, a mutation associated with loss of O(2) production. Superoxides 187-191 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 127-131 10747895-9 2000 Thus, eNOS may straddle a bifurcating pathway that can lead to the formation of either NO or O(2), interrelated but often opposing free radical messengers. Superoxides 93-97 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 6-10 10859217-8 2000 These findings suggest that superoxide and TNF-alpha mediate gut I/R-induced E-selectin expression via an NF-kappaB-dependent mechanism; this upregulation of E-selectin contributes significantly to I/R-induced neutrophil recruitment. Superoxides 28-38 selectin, endothelial cell Mus musculus 77-87 10859217-8 2000 These findings suggest that superoxide and TNF-alpha mediate gut I/R-induced E-selectin expression via an NF-kappaB-dependent mechanism; this upregulation of E-selectin contributes significantly to I/R-induced neutrophil recruitment. Superoxides 28-38 selectin, endothelial cell Mus musculus 158-168 10828042-3 2000 The patients" phagocytes have been shown previously to greatly increase superoxide release in response to interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in vitro and in vivo. Superoxides 72-82 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 106-122 10828042-3 2000 The patients" phagocytes have been shown previously to greatly increase superoxide release in response to interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in vitro and in vivo. Superoxides 72-82 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 124-133 10834943-8 2000 In the presence of ultra-low [O(2)(*-)](steady state), the oxidized form of SOD [Cu(II),Zn-SOD] or SOD mimic (oxo-ammonium cation) does not react with O(2)(*-) but rather oxidizes the target molecule that it was supposed to have protected. Superoxides 30-34 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 76-79 10834943-8 2000 In the presence of ultra-low [O(2)(*-)](steady state), the oxidized form of SOD [Cu(II),Zn-SOD] or SOD mimic (oxo-ammonium cation) does not react with O(2)(*-) but rather oxidizes the target molecule that it was supposed to have protected. Superoxides 151-155 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 76-79 10930123-2 2000 Pyrogallol, a O2 generator and precursor of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), had potent cytotoxic effects on the endothelial cells, but this effect was completely abolished by SOD/CAT. Superoxides 14-16 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 169-172 10930123-2 2000 Pyrogallol, a O2 generator and precursor of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), had potent cytotoxic effects on the endothelial cells, but this effect was completely abolished by SOD/CAT. Superoxides 14-16 catalase Homo sapiens 173-176 10930123-4 2000 The cytotoxic effect of 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), which is thought to form peroxynitrite (ONOO-) as a simultaneous O2- and NO generator, was completely blocked by SOD/CAT or Hb. Superoxides 122-124 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 49-54 10930123-4 2000 The cytotoxic effect of 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), which is thought to form peroxynitrite (ONOO-) as a simultaneous O2- and NO generator, was completely blocked by SOD/CAT or Hb. Superoxides 122-124 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 170-173 10984191-11 2000 Access to the site where toxic superoxides are generated or their targets may be necessary for the protective function of SOD1. Superoxides 31-42 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 122-126 10799480-5 2000 Consequently, the inactivation of m-aconitase by superoxide may increase the formation of hydroxyl radical ((*)OH) through the Fenton reaction in mitochondria. Superoxides 49-59 aconitase 2 Homo sapiens 34-45 10799480-6 2000 In this work, evidence for the generation of (*)OH from the reaction of m-aconitase with superoxide is provided using ESR spin trapping experiments with 5-diethoxyphosphoryl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide and alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone. Superoxides 89-99 aconitase 2 Homo sapiens 72-83 10799480-10 2000 Parallel low temperature ESR experiments demonstrated that the generation of the [3Fe-4S](1+) cluster increased with increasing additions of superoxide to m-aconitase. Superoxides 141-151 aconitase 2 Homo sapiens 155-166 10793233-1 2000 Mice over-expressing a human mutation of Cu(2+)/Zn(2+) superoxide dismutase (SOD1) provide a model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Superoxides 55-65 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 77-81 10801763-0 2000 Investigation into the sources of superoxide in human blood vessels: angiotensin II increases superoxide production in human internal mammary arteries. Superoxides 34-44 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 69-83 10801763-0 2000 Investigation into the sources of superoxide in human blood vessels: angiotensin II increases superoxide production in human internal mammary arteries. Superoxides 94-104 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 69-83 10801763-2 2000 Observations in experimental animals suggest that angiotensin II (Ang II) increases.O(2)(-) production by activation of vascular NAD(P)H oxidase. Superoxides 84-91 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 50-64 10848817-6 2000 Cells in group B were appropriately primed by G-CSF, GM-CSF, tumour necrosis factor alpha and IL-1beta for enhanced release of O2 -. Superoxides 127-129 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 94-102 10767399-8 2000 The results suggest that protein tyrosine kinase participates in fMLP-mediated superoxide generation by timosaponin E1- and E2-treated human neutrophils. Superoxides 79-89 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 65-69 10822170-2 2000 Inhibition of PKC by RO 31-8220 reduces the phagocytosis of latex particles and the release of superoxide, prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Superoxides 95-105 protein kinase C alpha Homo sapiens 14-17 10822170-10 2000 These results suggest that: (1) PKC-alpha but not PKC-beta is involved in the release of superoxide and PGE(2); (2) TNF-alpha release and the phagocytosis of latex particles are mediated by PKC-alpha, PKC-beta, and other PKC isoenzymes; and (3) PKC-alpha and PKC-beta play antagonistic roles in the differentiation process of THP-1 cells. Superoxides 89-99 protein kinase C alpha Homo sapiens 32-41 10822170-10 2000 These results suggest that: (1) PKC-alpha but not PKC-beta is involved in the release of superoxide and PGE(2); (2) TNF-alpha release and the phagocytosis of latex particles are mediated by PKC-alpha, PKC-beta, and other PKC isoenzymes; and (3) PKC-alpha and PKC-beta play antagonistic roles in the differentiation process of THP-1 cells. Superoxides 89-99 protein kinase C alpha Homo sapiens 32-35 10823274-1 2000 The 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) generates both nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O2-). Superoxides 73-89 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 29-34 10892347-6 2000 TNF-alpha significantly increased the release of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide from HUVECs. Superoxides 49-65 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-9 10867503-7 2000 Eosinophil superoxide production stimulated with sIgA was abolished by anti-CD18 mAb, suggesting that beta2 integrins might be crucial for this reaction. Superoxides 11-21 integrin subunit beta 2 Homo sapiens 76-80 10792615-2 2000 We have shown that under hyperglycemic conditions, cultured proximal tubular cells express cytochrome P450 2E1, which is capable of producing superoxide (O2.). Superoxides 142-152 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 91-110 10792615-2 2000 We have shown that under hyperglycemic conditions, cultured proximal tubular cells express cytochrome P450 2E1, which is capable of producing superoxide (O2.). Superoxides 154-156 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 91-110 10905626-4 2000 One such gene is cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an inducible prostaglandin and superoxide producing enzyme. Superoxides 74-84 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 17-33 10905626-4 2000 One such gene is cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an inducible prostaglandin and superoxide producing enzyme. Superoxides 74-84 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 35-40 10823274-1 2000 The 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) generates both nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O2-). Superoxides 91-94 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 29-34 10823274-6 2000 In vitro studies were used as an approach to investigate how simultaneous productions of NO and O2- from SIN-1 modify thrombin- or thapsigargin-induced platelet Ca2+ mobilization. Superoxides 96-98 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 105-110 10823274-6 2000 In vitro studies were used as an approach to investigate how simultaneous productions of NO and O2- from SIN-1 modify thrombin- or thapsigargin-induced platelet Ca2+ mobilization. Superoxides 96-98 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 118-126 10823274-8 2000 This suggests that the effects of SIN-1 on platelet Ca2+ handling resemble those of NO, but are modulated by simultaneous O2- release, independently of H2O2 formation. Superoxides 122-124 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 34-39 10777562-0 2000 Selective involvement of superoxide anion, but not downstream compounds hydrogen peroxide and peroxynitrite, in tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced apoptosis of rat mesangial cells. Superoxides 25-41 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 112-139 10921280-6 2000 Acute exposure to cigarette smoke initiates a superoxide-dependent mechanism that, through NF-kappa B activation and IL-8 expression, induces infiltration of neutrophils into the airways in vivo. Superoxides 46-56 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 91-101 10921280-6 2000 Acute exposure to cigarette smoke initiates a superoxide-dependent mechanism that, through NF-kappa B activation and IL-8 expression, induces infiltration of neutrophils into the airways in vivo. Superoxides 46-56 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 117-121 10777562-3 2000 In this report, we investigated the roles of superoxide anion (O-(2)), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), and peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) in TNF-alpha-triggered apoptosis of mesangial cells. Superoxides 45-61 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 132-141 10692566-2 2000 When we assessed the effects of carvedilol on PMN responses in vitro, we observed that carvedilol dose dependently modulated generation of superoxide ions by NADPH oxidase when induced by the formylpeptide formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) or the phorbol ester phorbol myristate acetate. Superoxides 139-149 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 245-249 10928547-8 2000 Glycolate oxidase was also inactivated in the presence of a superoxide-generating system or by H2O2 in darkness. Superoxides 60-70 hydroxyacid oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 0-17 10758162-5 2000 Addition of recombinant Rac to extracts of the patient neutrophils reconstituted O(2)(-) production in an in vitro assay system. Superoxides 81-88 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 24-27 10758162-8 2000 Rac2(D57N) binds GDP but not GTP and inhibits oxidase activation and O(2)(-) production in vitro. Superoxides 69-76 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 10889449-5 2000 Taken together, these observations suggest that the induction of MnSOD expression by TNF-alpha is at least partially mediated by intracellular formation of oxygen free radicals, and that superoxide is most likely the initiating species involved in the mediation of MnSOD gene expression by TNF-alpha. Superoxides 187-197 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 290-299 10767420-0 2000 Induction of superoxide in glioma cell line U87 stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma: ESR using a new flow-type quartz cell. Superoxides 13-23 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 87-103 10767420-1 2000 The production of superoxide and nitric oxide induced in U87 glioma treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was examined by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy using a newly designed flow-type quartz cuvette without detaching cells from the culture plate. Superoxides 18-28 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 110-126 10767420-1 2000 The production of superoxide and nitric oxide induced in U87 glioma treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) was examined by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy using a newly designed flow-type quartz cuvette without detaching cells from the culture plate. Superoxides 18-28 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 128-137 10767420-6 2000 Further, the nitrite and nitrate levels in the medium did not increase for 24 h. By the ESR measurement of cells on culture plates without detachment stress, it was found that the production of superoxide was induced by LPS/IFN-gamma, but that of nitric oxide was not, in U87 glioma cells. Superoxides 194-204 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 224-233 10823352-3 2000 In contrast, pyrogallol, a putative superoxide anion donor, induced a biphasic contraction, which could be abolished by SOD, but not by catalase or DMSO/mannitol. Superoxides 36-52 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 120-123 10758056-1 2000 BACKGROUND: Angiotensin II-induced hypertension is associated with increased vascular superoxide production, which contributes to hypertension caused by the octapeptide. Superoxides 86-96 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 12-26 10758056-12 2000 CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that increased vascular superoxide production occurs not only in angiotensin II-induced hypertension but also in hypertension known to be associated with low-renin states. Superoxides 61-71 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 102-116 10759559-0 2000 Damage-induced neuronal endopeptidase (DINE) is a unique metallopeptidase expressed in response to neuronal damage and activates superoxide scavengers. Superoxides 129-139 endothelin converting enzyme-like 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-37 10759559-0 2000 Damage-induced neuronal endopeptidase (DINE) is a unique metallopeptidase expressed in response to neuronal damage and activates superoxide scavengers. Superoxides 129-139 endothelin converting enzyme-like 1 Rattus norvegicus 39-43 10759559-0 2000 Damage-induced neuronal endopeptidase (DINE) is a unique metallopeptidase expressed in response to neuronal damage and activates superoxide scavengers. Superoxides 129-139 endothelin converting enzyme-like 1 Rattus norvegicus 57-73 10751227-10 2000 They support a role for oxidants in conveying the stimulatory signal from 5-HT, because 1) chemical antioxidants attenuate the 5-HT signal, 2) oxidants and 5-HT selectively activate ERK to a similar degree, 3) 5-HT produces superoxide and H(2)O(2) in these cells, and 4) a specific enzyme [NAD(P)H oxidase] has been implicated as the source of the ROS, which react selectively downstream of classical PKC. Superoxides 224-234 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 182-185 10762155-1 2000 The pathogenesis of neuronal cell death as a consequence of mutations in copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis may involve oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. Superoxides 85-95 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 107-111 11232599-0 2000 Calmodulin and cyclic ADP-ribose interaction in Ca2+ signaling related to cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum: superoxide anion radical-triggered Ca2+ release. Superoxides 106-130 calmodulin 1 Homo sapiens 0-10 11232599-9 2000 At low concentrations (nearly nanomolar levels), *O2- induces Ca2+ release by stimulating synthesis of cADPR, which requires calmodulin for sensitization of ryanodine-sensitive Ca2+-release channels (RyRC). Superoxides 50-52 calmodulin 1 Homo sapiens 125-135 11232599-11 2000 At higher concentrations (micromolar levels), *O2- produces a loss in the function of calmodulin that is to inhibit RyRC. Superoxides 47-49 calmodulin 1 Homo sapiens 86-96 10981145-2 2000 Recent studies provide evidence that ANG II could stimulate intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as the superoxide anion (O2-). Superoxides 129-145 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 37-43 10768726-6 2000 Of the cytokines tested, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha was found to activate superoxide release in gingival fibroblasts. Superoxides 81-91 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 25-58 10744650-1 2000 Soluble recombinant (r) P-selectin and rP-selectin immobilized on plastic surfaces were tested for their capacity to activate neutrophils to produce superoxide anion. Superoxides 149-165 selectin P Rattus norvegicus 39-50 10744650-7 2000 Cap formation and superoxide anion production induced by solid-phase P-selectin or by IL-8 and soluble rP-selectin treatment were inhibited by treatment of the leukocytes with cytochalasin B. Superoxides 18-34 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 86-90 10744650-7 2000 Cap formation and superoxide anion production induced by solid-phase P-selectin or by IL-8 and soluble rP-selectin treatment were inhibited by treatment of the leukocytes with cytochalasin B. Superoxides 18-34 selectin P Rattus norvegicus 103-114 10981145-2 2000 Recent studies provide evidence that ANG II could stimulate intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as the superoxide anion (O2-). Superoxides 147-149 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 37-43 10981145-4 2000 Current evidence suggests that ANG II, through AT1-receptor activation, upregulates several subunits of this multienzyme complex, resulting in an increase in intracellular O2- concentration. Superoxides 172-175 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 31-37 10770281-4 2000 CRP inhibited phorbol myristate acetate-induced superoxide (O2-) production more efficiently than the fMLP-triggered response. Superoxides 48-58 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 0-3 10725748-7 2000 In the same cells, IL-8 also caused superoxide release. Superoxides 36-46 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 19-23 10779046-7 2000 There was a positive correlation between the production of superoxide and ET-1 in diabetic glomeruli. Superoxides 59-69 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 74-78 10770281-4 2000 CRP inhibited phorbol myristate acetate-induced superoxide (O2-) production more efficiently than the fMLP-triggered response. Superoxides 60-63 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 0-3 10770281-8 2000 CRP-mediated regulation occurs via the CRP-R because an IgM mouse mAb to the human CRP-R mimicked CRP-induced inhibition of O2- production and chemotaxis. Superoxides 124-126 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 39-42 10770281-8 2000 CRP-mediated regulation occurs via the CRP-R because an IgM mouse mAb to the human CRP-R mimicked CRP-induced inhibition of O2- production and chemotaxis. Superoxides 124-126 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 39-42 10770281-8 2000 CRP-mediated regulation occurs via the CRP-R because an IgM mouse mAb to the human CRP-R mimicked CRP-induced inhibition of O2- production and chemotaxis. Superoxides 124-126 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 39-42 10985929-0 2000 The link between met-enkephalin-induced down-regulation of APN activity and the release of superoxide anion. Superoxides 91-107 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 17-31 12140598-2 2000 Activation of neutrophils leads to increased production of oxygen radicals(mainly superoxide)and hydrogen peroxide production.To date there is general agreement that measurement of superoxide production by neutrophils is a reliable way of determining neutrophil function and its activation.Thirty one patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis, twenty with compensated alcoholic liver disease end seventeen controls were studied.Patients with alcoholic hepatitis and alcoholic liver disease were enrolled on admission to the hospital and if they had no features of infection, bleeding or renal failure.The neutrophil stimuli used were opsonized zymosan and fMLP.The production of superoxide was similar in the three groups when neutrophils were not stimulated.After stimulation with opsonized zymosan,there was an increase in the production of superoxide from patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis in comparison to those with alcoholic liver disease and controls. Superoxides 181-191 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 654-658 12140598-2 2000 Activation of neutrophils leads to increased production of oxygen radicals(mainly superoxide)and hydrogen peroxide production.To date there is general agreement that measurement of superoxide production by neutrophils is a reliable way of determining neutrophil function and its activation.Thirty one patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis, twenty with compensated alcoholic liver disease end seventeen controls were studied.Patients with alcoholic hepatitis and alcoholic liver disease were enrolled on admission to the hospital and if they had no features of infection, bleeding or renal failure.The neutrophil stimuli used were opsonized zymosan and fMLP.The production of superoxide was similar in the three groups when neutrophils were not stimulated.After stimulation with opsonized zymosan,there was an increase in the production of superoxide from patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis in comparison to those with alcoholic liver disease and controls. Superoxides 181-191 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 654-658 12140598-2 2000 Activation of neutrophils leads to increased production of oxygen radicals(mainly superoxide)and hydrogen peroxide production.To date there is general agreement that measurement of superoxide production by neutrophils is a reliable way of determining neutrophil function and its activation.Thirty one patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis, twenty with compensated alcoholic liver disease end seventeen controls were studied.Patients with alcoholic hepatitis and alcoholic liver disease were enrolled on admission to the hospital and if they had no features of infection, bleeding or renal failure.The neutrophil stimuli used were opsonized zymosan and fMLP.The production of superoxide was similar in the three groups when neutrophils were not stimulated.After stimulation with opsonized zymosan,there was an increase in the production of superoxide from patients with acute alcoholic hepatitis in comparison to those with alcoholic liver disease and controls. Superoxides 181-191 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 654-658 10809183-2 2000 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-stimulated superoxide production and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP)-stimulated aggregation in diabetic patients with triopathy were significantly greater than those in diabetics without triopathy. Superoxides 45-55 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-33 10809183-3 2000 The more diabetic complications existed, the more TNF-alpha-stimulated superoxide was produced by PMN. Superoxides 71-81 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 50-59 10698705-9 2000 Importantly, H(4)Bip was found to react chemically with superoxide (O(2)(-.)) Superoxides 56-66 growth differentiation factor 10 Homo sapiens 17-20 10706888-1 2000 Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited disease caused by defects in the superoxide-generating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase of phagocytes. Superoxides 85-95 dual oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 107-166 10708546-7 2000 In contrast, CS-II enhanced the superoxide generation induced by fMLP and OZ, but not that induced by AA and PMA. Superoxides 32-42 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 65-69 10802230-1 2000 The release of superoxide (O(2)(*-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), has been studied in the endothelial cell line ECV 304 in the presence and absence of selenium (Se) supplementation. Superoxides 15-25 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 82-109 10802230-1 2000 The release of superoxide (O(2)(*-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), has been studied in the endothelial cell line ECV 304 in the presence and absence of selenium (Se) supplementation. Superoxides 15-25 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 111-120 10802230-1 2000 The release of superoxide (O(2)(*-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), has been studied in the endothelial cell line ECV 304 in the presence and absence of selenium (Se) supplementation. Superoxides 15-25 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 125-142 10802230-1 2000 The release of superoxide (O(2)(*-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), has been studied in the endothelial cell line ECV 304 in the presence and absence of selenium (Se) supplementation. Superoxides 15-25 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 144-152 10802230-1 2000 The release of superoxide (O(2)(*-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), has been studied in the endothelial cell line ECV 304 in the presence and absence of selenium (Se) supplementation. Superoxides 27-31 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 82-109 10802230-1 2000 The release of superoxide (O(2)(*-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), has been studied in the endothelial cell line ECV 304 in the presence and absence of selenium (Se) supplementation. Superoxides 27-31 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 111-120 10802230-1 2000 The release of superoxide (O(2)(*-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), has been studied in the endothelial cell line ECV 304 in the presence and absence of selenium (Se) supplementation. Superoxides 27-31 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 125-142 10802230-1 2000 The release of superoxide (O(2)(*-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) or interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), has been studied in the endothelial cell line ECV 304 in the presence and absence of selenium (Se) supplementation. Superoxides 27-31 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 144-152 10702229-8 2000 The N-hydroxylamines appear to be effective through mitochondria; they delay age-dependent changes in mitochondria as measured by accumulation of rhodamine-123, they prevent reduction of cytochrome C(FeIII) by superoxide radical, and they reverse an age-dependent decay of mitochondrial aconitase, suggesting they react with the superoxide radical. Superoxides 210-228 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 187-199 10712391-1 2000 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is a major superoxide scavenger and may be important to normal vascular function and cardiovascular health. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 36-42 10660121-6 2000 Although SIN-1 generates both NO and superoxide radical thereby forming peroxynitrite (ONOO-), this donor had no appreciable effect on cellular ATP levels, even in the presence of superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 37-55 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 9-14 10733024-5 2000 RESULTS: The mean superoxide anion production of PMNLs of healthy controls was 1.855 nM/min/3 x 10(5) cells (SD=0.211 nM/min/3 x 10(5) cells). Superoxides 18-34 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 88-93 10733024-5 2000 RESULTS: The mean superoxide anion production of PMNLs of healthy controls was 1.855 nM/min/3 x 10(5) cells (SD=0.211 nM/min/3 x 10(5) cells). Superoxides 18-34 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 121-126 10759888-3 2000 RESULTS: We isolated a Bax-resistant mutant from E. coli cells that survive in the presence of paraquat, a generator of superoxide, by screening a library constructed from the random insertion of a transposon. Superoxides 120-130 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 23-26 10706597-1 2000 We previously reported that superoxide dismutase (SOD) blocked human monocyte oxidation of LDL and therefore concluded that superoxide anion (O(2)(.-)) was required for oxidation. Superoxides 124-140 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 28-48 10702213-0 2000 Superoxide enhances interleukin 1beta-mediated transcription of the hepatocyte-inducible nitric oxide synthase gene. Superoxides 0-10 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 20-37 10702213-0 2000 Superoxide enhances interleukin 1beta-mediated transcription of the hepatocyte-inducible nitric oxide synthase gene. Superoxides 0-10 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 79-110 10702213-2 2000 In interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta)-treated rat hepatocytes, we have previously demonstrated that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression, steady-state iNOS messenger RNA (mRNA) levels, and NO synthesis are increased by oxidative stress induced by superoxide. Superoxides 262-272 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 22-30 10702213-2 2000 In interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta)-treated rat hepatocytes, we have previously demonstrated that inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression, steady-state iNOS messenger RNA (mRNA) levels, and NO synthesis are increased by oxidative stress induced by superoxide. Superoxides 262-272 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 94-125 10702213-12 2000 CONCLUSIONS: An ARE in the rat hepatocyte iNOS promoter confers redox sensitivity and augments IL-1beta-mediated iNOS gene and protein expression in the setting of superoxide treatment. Superoxides 164-174 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 42-46 10702213-12 2000 CONCLUSIONS: An ARE in the rat hepatocyte iNOS promoter confers redox sensitivity and augments IL-1beta-mediated iNOS gene and protein expression in the setting of superoxide treatment. Superoxides 164-174 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 95-103 10702213-12 2000 CONCLUSIONS: An ARE in the rat hepatocyte iNOS promoter confers redox sensitivity and augments IL-1beta-mediated iNOS gene and protein expression in the setting of superoxide treatment. Superoxides 164-174 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 113-117 11810532-8 2000 Both neutrophil superoxide (O2-) and elastase production were increased by TNF-alpha stimulation, while significant inhibition was seen with the concomitant dosing of IL-10 (P < 0.05). Superoxides 16-26 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 75-84 11810532-8 2000 Both neutrophil superoxide (O2-) and elastase production were increased by TNF-alpha stimulation, while significant inhibition was seen with the concomitant dosing of IL-10 (P < 0.05). Superoxides 16-26 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 167-172 11810532-8 2000 Both neutrophil superoxide (O2-) and elastase production were increased by TNF-alpha stimulation, while significant inhibition was seen with the concomitant dosing of IL-10 (P < 0.05). Superoxides 28-30 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 75-84 11810532-8 2000 Both neutrophil superoxide (O2-) and elastase production were increased by TNF-alpha stimulation, while significant inhibition was seen with the concomitant dosing of IL-10 (P < 0.05). Superoxides 28-30 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 167-172 10742656-2 2000 SP-II fraction obtained by SP-Sephadex C-25 chromatography showed the most potent superoxide anion scavenging activity (SOSA), and it was further separated into a peptide using an octadecylsilano-high performance liquid chromatography. Superoxides 82-98 integrin binding sialoprotein Homo sapiens 0-5 10744274-5 2000 Superoxide production was measured by the reduction cytochrome c, elastase release by cleavage of AAPV-pNA, and beta2-integrin expression by flow cytometry. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 52-64 10720891-1 2000 BACKGROUND: The superoxide anion and other oxygen radicals have been implicated in the progression of chronic renal failure, and are removed by extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) in the extracellular space on the surface of the endothelium. Superoxides 16-32 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 144-178 10720891-1 2000 BACKGROUND: The superoxide anion and other oxygen radicals have been implicated in the progression of chronic renal failure, and are removed by extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) in the extracellular space on the surface of the endothelium. Superoxides 16-32 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 180-186 10706597-1 2000 We previously reported that superoxide dismutase (SOD) blocked human monocyte oxidation of LDL and therefore concluded that superoxide anion (O(2)(.-)) was required for oxidation. Superoxides 124-140 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 50-53 10706597-1 2000 We previously reported that superoxide dismutase (SOD) blocked human monocyte oxidation of LDL and therefore concluded that superoxide anion (O(2)(.-)) was required for oxidation. Superoxides 142-146 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 28-48 10706597-1 2000 We previously reported that superoxide dismutase (SOD) blocked human monocyte oxidation of LDL and therefore concluded that superoxide anion (O(2)(.-)) was required for oxidation. Superoxides 142-146 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 50-53 10706597-2 2000 Others, however, have suggested that SOD may inhibit by mechanisms alternative to the dismutation of O(2)(.-). Superoxides 101-105 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 37-40 10744158-4 2000 Among the agonists used, such as ADP, thrombin and collagen, the release of O2- and OH was observed mainly when platelets were stimulated with collagen. Superoxides 76-78 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 38-46 10677615-3 2000 Mitochondria play a pivotal role in controlling apoptosis by releasing cytochrome c and modulating redox state, both under the regulation of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD) via superoxide anion detoxification. Superoxides 185-201 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 141-171 10712539-3 2000 The first peak of SA occurred 3 h after generation of superoxide (O(2)(.-)), and was inhibited by infiltration of catalase. Superoxides 54-64 catalase isozyme 1-like Gossypium hirsutum 114-122 10712539-3 2000 The first peak of SA occurred 3 h after generation of superoxide (O(2)(.-)), and was inhibited by infiltration of catalase. Superoxides 66-70 catalase isozyme 1-like Gossypium hirsutum 114-122 10755468-10 2000 These results suggest that TNFalpha enhances the toxicity of NO in BCECs and that at least part of this enhancement involves the generation of superoxide. Superoxides 143-153 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 27-35 10662829-3 2000 It has been proposed that Abeta induces death by oxidative stress, possibly through the generation of peroxynitrite from superoxide and nitric oxide. Superoxides 121-131 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 26-31 10662734-0 2000 Superoxide anion curbs nitric oxide modulation of afferent arteriolar ANG II responsiveness in diabetes mellitus. Superoxides 0-16 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 70-76 10662734-9 2000 These observations indicate that superoxide anion suppresses the modulatory influence of endogenous NO on ANG II-induced afferent arteriolar constriction in diabetes mellitus. Superoxides 33-49 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 106-112 10666117-2 2000 Here we show that IL-1beta and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulate superoxide production by pulmonary vascular SMC and that this effect is blocked by both FTI-277 and GGTI-298, suggesting that farnesylated and geranylgeranylated proteins are required for superoxide production. Superoxides 79-89 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 18-26 10666117-2 2000 Here we show that IL-1beta and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulate superoxide production by pulmonary vascular SMC and that this effect is blocked by both FTI-277 and GGTI-298, suggesting that farnesylated and geranylgeranylated proteins are required for superoxide production. Superoxides 267-277 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 18-26 10666117-4 2000 Furthermore, superoxide production by IL-1beta, PDGF factor, and constitutively activated Ras is blocked by diphenyleneiodonium, implicating NAD(P)H oxidase as the generating enzyme. Superoxides 13-23 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 38-46 10668885-0 2000 Maximal human neutrophil priming for superoxide production and elastase release requires p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Superoxides 37-47 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 89-92 10668885-9 2000 MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Maximal rate of O2- generation was measured by superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of cytochrome c and elastase release by the cleavage of N-methoxysuccinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-p-nitroanilide. Superoxides 39-41 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 116-128 10668885-12 2000 CONCLUSIONS: The p38 MAPK pathway is required for maximal PAF-induced neutrophil priming for O2- production and elastase degranulation. Superoxides 93-95 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 17-20 10642579-1 2000 The superoxide radical and its scavenger, superoxide dismutase (SOD), play important roles in the regulation of corpus luteum function. Superoxides 4-22 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 64-67 10657274-6 2000 Macrophage and smooth muscle cell viability were inversely related to the production of superoxide free radicals and were significantly improved in the combined presence of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Superoxides 88-98 catalase Homo sapiens 198-206 10657983-2 2000 Vascular cell experiments suggest that ANG II is a potent stimulator of free radicals such as superoxide anion, an agent known to inactivate nitric oxide and promote the formation of peroxynitrite. Superoxides 94-110 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 39-45 10816077-5 2000 Moreover, knowing that GSH plays a crucial role in the regulation of nitric oxide-dependent apoptosis, U937-R and parental lines have been treated with SIN-1, which is known to generate significant amounts of O2 and nitric oxide. Superoxides 209-211 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 152-157 10685001-7 2000 In the presence of L-NAME, PMA (1 nM) stimulation significantly increased superoxide anion generation following 3 h treatments with IL-3, TNF-alpha or IFN-gamma. Superoxides 74-90 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 138-147 10685001-7 2000 In the presence of L-NAME, PMA (1 nM) stimulation significantly increased superoxide anion generation following 3 h treatments with IL-3, TNF-alpha or IFN-gamma. Superoxides 74-90 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 151-160 10698074-8 2000 These observations suggest that SOD1 overexpression can reduce neuronal death under conditions where peroxynitrite formation is a significant factor, but may exacerbate neuronal death under conditions of rapid intracellular superoxide formation or impaired H2O2 disposal. Superoxides 224-234 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 32-36 10694186-0 2000 Acute production of vascular superoxide by angiotensin II but not by catecholamines. Superoxides 29-39 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 43-57 10694186-1 2000 OBJECTIVE: To determine whether vascular superoxide is rapidly released by angiotensin II and is involved in vascular contraction. Superoxides 41-51 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 75-89 10694186-3 2000 Subsequently, acute production of vascular superoxide by angiotensin II and its effect on isometric tension were measured in rat aortic rings. Superoxides 43-53 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 57-71 10694186-8 2000 The effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine were concomitantly measured and were not significant CONCLUSIONS: The acute superoxide producing effect is likely to be specific to angiotensin II, because such a significant modification of the effects was not observed for catecholamines. Superoxides 122-132 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 178-192 10694186-9 2000 Our results suggest that angiotensin II causes acute vascular superoxide production, which may be involved in the acute pressor effects. Superoxides 62-72 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 25-39 10677615-3 2000 Mitochondria play a pivotal role in controlling apoptosis by releasing cytochrome c and modulating redox state, both under the regulation of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD) via superoxide anion detoxification. Superoxides 185-201 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 173-179 10670838-3 2000 Circulating PMN were isolated during 12 days, followed by determination of formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced PMN-superoxide production (PMN-SOP) by SOD-inhibitable ferricytochrome C reduction, and PMN cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) by fluorescent fura2/AM (340/380 ratio). Superoxides 132-142 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 114-118 10640619-3 2000 These enhanced mRNA levels for SOD-1 were consistent with the increased specific activities for SOD-1, suggesting that the superoxide radical generated in neurotoxic lesion, induced SOD-1 mRNA. Superoxides 123-141 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 31-36 10640619-3 2000 These enhanced mRNA levels for SOD-1 were consistent with the increased specific activities for SOD-1, suggesting that the superoxide radical generated in neurotoxic lesion, induced SOD-1 mRNA. Superoxides 123-141 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 96-101 10640619-3 2000 These enhanced mRNA levels for SOD-1 were consistent with the increased specific activities for SOD-1, suggesting that the superoxide radical generated in neurotoxic lesion, induced SOD-1 mRNA. Superoxides 123-141 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 96-101 10636859-1 2000 Desensitization of C5a receptor controls superoxide production but not receptor sequestration in HL-60 cells. Superoxides 41-51 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 19-31 10728373-0 2000 Involvement of protein kinase C in superoxide anion-induced activation of nuclear factor-kappa B in human endothelial cells. Superoxides 35-51 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 74-96 10728373-8 2000 RESULTS: The treatment of the cells with superoxide anion for 60 min increased the NF-kappa B/DNA binding activity. Superoxides 41-57 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 83-93 10728373-9 2000 Immunoblot analysis showed that superoxide anion induced phosphorylation of I kappa B alpha within 10 min. Superoxides 32-48 NFKB inhibitor alpha Homo sapiens 76-91 10728373-11 2000 Pretreatment of the cells with calphostin C (100-400 nmol/l) and chelerythrine chloride (5-10 mumol/l), inhibitors of PKC, abolished the superoxide anion-induced NF-kappa B activation. Superoxides 137-153 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 162-172 10728373-12 2000 Down-regulation of endogenous PKC by long-term exposure to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate decreased the superoxide anion-induced NF-kappa B activation to a basal level. Superoxides 105-121 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 130-140 10728373-14 2000 CONCLUSION: These results suggest that PKC is involved in the activation of NF-kappa B by superoxide anion in human endothelial cells. Superoxides 90-106 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 76-86 10660303-1 2000 The signalling pathway leading, for example, to actin cytoskeletal reorganisation, secretion or superoxide generation involves phospholipase D (PLD)-catalysed hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine to generate phosphatidic acid, which appears to mediate the messenger functions of this pathway. Superoxides 96-106 glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1 Homo sapiens 127-142 10660303-1 2000 The signalling pathway leading, for example, to actin cytoskeletal reorganisation, secretion or superoxide generation involves phospholipase D (PLD)-catalysed hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine to generate phosphatidic acid, which appears to mediate the messenger functions of this pathway. Superoxides 96-106 glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1 Homo sapiens 144-147 10635057-4 2000 ACE catalyzes the conversion of Ang I to Ang II, which in turn stimulates the production of PAI-1, sensitizes platelets, promotes the production of superoxide radicals that scavenge free NO, and induces the expression of tissue factor. Superoxides 148-158 angiotensin I converting enzyme Homo sapiens 0-3 10615072-4 2000 The effects of TNF were prevented by the superoxide radical scavenger superoxide dismutase (SOD) (100 U/ml), the (*)NO synthase inhibitor aminoguanidine (100 microM), the guanylate cyclase inhibitor ODQ (100 microM), and the PKG inhibitors KT5823 (1 microM) and 8-bromo-cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-thioate (100 microM). Superoxides 41-51 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 15-18 10644521-1 2000 It is commonly believed that the activity of NO synthase (NOS) solely controls NO production from its substrates, L-Arg and O(2). Superoxides 124-128 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 45-56 10688968-6 2000 SP and NKA dose-dependently evoked O(2)(-)production from MO in all the conditions evaluated, their effects being competitively antagonized by selective antagonists (CP 96 345 and MEN 10 627, respectively). Superoxides 35-39 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 0-2 10688968-6 2000 SP and NKA dose-dependently evoked O(2)(-)production from MO in all the conditions evaluated, their effects being competitively antagonized by selective antagonists (CP 96 345 and MEN 10 627, respectively). Superoxides 35-39 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 7-10 10863548-2 2000 We now report that superoxide anion production in microglia or macrophages from 3 different species is increased by long term exposure (24 hours) to A beta peptides. Superoxides 19-35 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 149-155 10863548-3 2000 Since A beta competes for the uptake of opsonized latex beads and for the production of superoxide anion by opsonized zymosan, a likely site of action are membrane receptors associated with the uptake of opsonized particles or fibers. Superoxides 88-104 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 6-12 10863548-5 2000 We also report that the effect of A beta peptides on superoxide anion production is not associated with a concomitant increase in nitric oxide (NO) production in either human monocyte derived macrophages (MDM) or hamster microglia from primary cultures. Superoxides 53-69 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 34-40 10634825-7 2000 uPA and uPAR mRNA expression was also induced by the incubation with xanthine and xanthine oxidase, a superoxide anion-generating system. Superoxides 102-118 plasminogen activator, urokinase Homo sapiens 0-3 11138458-10 2000 Cyclic voltammetry revealed that the oxidation-reduction process of ADR was not electrochemically reversible and therefore the oxidation potential could not be determined accurately; however its value should be between 0.23 and 0.78 V. Analysis of the photooxidative process revealed that it was not mediated by the formation of singlet oxygen, superoxide anion radicals, hydrogen peroxide or hydroxyl radicals, and it is suggested that ADR was oxidized directly by the excited triplet riboflavin. Superoxides 345-370 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 68-71 11714406-4 2000 ACE inhibition prevents the formation of angiotensin II, which has been shown to be a potent stimulus of superoxide-producing enzymes in atherosclerosis. Superoxides 105-115 angiotensin I converting enzyme Homo sapiens 0-3 11714406-4 2000 ACE inhibition prevents the formation of angiotensin II, which has been shown to be a potent stimulus of superoxide-producing enzymes in atherosclerosis. Superoxides 105-115 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 41-55 10561080-8 2000 Furthermore, approximately 2.7- and 4.9-fold increases in cytochrome c reduction were observed following incubation with 12.5 and 25 microM Cr(VI), respectively, and 1.6- and 3.3-fold increases in cytochrome c reduction were observed with Cd(II), demonstrating enhanced production of superoxide anion. Superoxides 284-300 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 58-70 10561080-8 2000 Furthermore, approximately 2.7- and 4.9-fold increases in cytochrome c reduction were observed following incubation with 12.5 and 25 microM Cr(VI), respectively, and 1.6- and 3.3-fold increases in cytochrome c reduction were observed with Cd(II), demonstrating enhanced production of superoxide anion. Superoxides 284-300 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 197-209 10719757-2 2000 To investigate the role of oxygen radicals in the aging process in mammals, the life spans of transgenic mice on a CD-1 background expressing increased levels of CuZn superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), the enzyme that metabolizes superoxide radicals, were determined. Superoxides 167-177 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 189-196 10604958-5 2000 Recently, tumor necrosis factor-alpha has been demonstrated to increase superoxide radical generation in mesangial cells. Superoxides 72-90 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 10-37 10666000-0 2000 Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated signal transduction in human neutrophils: involvement of sphingomyelin metabolites in the priming effect of TNF-alpha on the fMLP-stimulated superoxide production. Superoxides 178-188 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-27 10666000-0 2000 Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated signal transduction in human neutrophils: involvement of sphingomyelin metabolites in the priming effect of TNF-alpha on the fMLP-stimulated superoxide production. Superoxides 178-188 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 145-154 10666000-0 2000 Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-mediated signal transduction in human neutrophils: involvement of sphingomyelin metabolites in the priming effect of TNF-alpha on the fMLP-stimulated superoxide production. Superoxides 178-188 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 162-166 10666000-1 2000 We investigated the mechanism underlying the priming effect of TNF-alpha on fMLP-stimulated superoxide production in human neutrophils. Superoxides 92-102 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 63-72 10666000-1 2000 We investigated the mechanism underlying the priming effect of TNF-alpha on fMLP-stimulated superoxide production in human neutrophils. Superoxides 92-102 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 76-80 10666000-2 2000 TNF-alpha enhanced fMLP-stimulated superoxide production in a concentration-dependent manner. Superoxides 35-45 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-9 10666000-2 2000 TNF-alpha enhanced fMLP-stimulated superoxide production in a concentration-dependent manner. Superoxides 35-45 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 19-23 10666000-5 2000 C2 ceramide produced a concentration-dependent inhibition of fMLP-stimulated superoxide production within the concentration range of 1-30 microM. Superoxides 77-87 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 10666000-6 2000 Sphingosine had a dual effect on fMLP-stimulated superoxide generation, exhibiting a priming effect at lower concentrations (0.2-1 microM), but an inhibitory effect at higher concentrations (1-30 microM). Superoxides 49-59 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 33-37 10666000-7 2000 SP-1-P (1-30 microM), showed a concentration-dependent enhancement of fMLP stimulated superoxide production. Superoxides 86-96 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 70-74 10611256-9 2000 In conclusion, the present study suggests that the superoxide radical and its scavenging system, especially Cu,Zn-SOD, play important roles in the regulation of human luteal function. Superoxides 51-69 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 108-117 10724328-5 2000 We exposed these microsomes to superoxide which was generated using xanthine plus xanthine oxidase and catalase to prevent accumulation of peroxide due to superoxide dismutation. Superoxides 31-41 catalase Homo sapiens 103-111 10724328-5 2000 We exposed these microsomes to superoxide which was generated using xanthine plus xanthine oxidase and catalase to prevent accumulation of peroxide due to superoxide dismutation. Superoxides 155-165 catalase Homo sapiens 103-111 10677867-0 2000 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene mutations. Superoxides 43-53 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 65-69 10994875-0 2000 Transformed target cell-derived superoxide anions drive apoptosis induction by myeloperoxidase. Superoxides 32-49 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 79-94 16787839-10 2000 An approach we have evaluated is treatment with salen manganese compounds, a class of catalytic antioxidant compounds which behave as superoxide dismutase (SOD)/catalase mimetics to detoxify superoxide. Superoxides 134-144 catalase Rattus norvegicus 161-169 10653519-2 2000 Phospholipase A2 (PLA2)-mediated release of arachidonic acid has been shown to play an essential role in superoxide anion (O2-) production in neutrophils exposed to various physiologic and pharmacologic agents. Superoxides 105-121 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 0-16 10653519-2 2000 Phospholipase A2 (PLA2)-mediated release of arachidonic acid has been shown to play an essential role in superoxide anion (O2-) production in neutrophils exposed to various physiologic and pharmacologic agents. Superoxides 105-121 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 18-22 10653519-2 2000 Phospholipase A2 (PLA2)-mediated release of arachidonic acid has been shown to play an essential role in superoxide anion (O2-) production in neutrophils exposed to various physiologic and pharmacologic agents. Superoxides 123-125 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 0-16 10653519-2 2000 Phospholipase A2 (PLA2)-mediated release of arachidonic acid has been shown to play an essential role in superoxide anion (O2-) production in neutrophils exposed to various physiologic and pharmacologic agents. Superoxides 123-125 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 18-22 10653519-3 2000 Therefore, studies were performed to determine if the organochlorine pesticides, lindane and dieldrin, activate neutrophils to produce O2- by a mechanism that requires PLA2. Superoxides 135-137 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 168-172 10653519-6 2000 In addition, both O2- production and 3H-AA release were inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by BEL, a mechanism-based inhibitor of calcium-independent PLA2. Superoxides 18-20 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 161-165 10653519-7 2000 These data suggest that dieldrin and lindane stimulate O2- production by a mechanism that involves PLA2. Superoxides 55-57 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 99-103 10624880-4 1999 simpliciflora root, a traditional medicine as an antipyretic, modulates the generation of NO and superoxide in IFN-gamma primed or polymyristic acetate (PMA) stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, respectively. Superoxides 97-107 interferon gamma Mus musculus 111-120 10590837-3 1999 In addition to the expected upregulation by heat shock, we show that a variety of stresses, including exposure to superoxide-generating redox-cycling quinones and the expression of the human beta amyloid peptide, specifically induce the reporter transgene. Superoxides 114-124 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 191-211 10583381-4 1999 From experiments using an anti-calreticulin antibody, we proposed that calreticulin is partly localized on the surface of neutrophils, and L5-bound calreticulin transmits a signal into cells via G-protein to activate neutrophils to generate superoxide anion. Superoxides 241-257 calreticulin Homo sapiens 71-83 10583381-4 1999 From experiments using an anti-calreticulin antibody, we proposed that calreticulin is partly localized on the surface of neutrophils, and L5-bound calreticulin transmits a signal into cells via G-protein to activate neutrophils to generate superoxide anion. Superoxides 241-257 calreticulin Homo sapiens 71-83 10581309-5 1999 SIN-1, unlike SNAP, can release both NO and superoxide anion, the precursors of peroxynitrite (OONO-). Superoxides 44-60 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 10581309-12 1999 LY 83583, a superoxide anion generator, elicited a positive inotropic effect, like SIN-1. Superoxides 12-28 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 83-88 10604594-6 1999 On the contrary, two of them showed kinetic constants for superoxide dismutation about one order of magnitude lower than that of the enzyme Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 58-68 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 140-166 10705716-5 1999 The superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD) catalyzes dismutation of the superoxide radical into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen hydrogen peroxide is in turn reduced to water and oxygen by peroxidase glutathione and catalase enzymes. Superoxides 4-14 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 33-36 10594930-1 1999 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) converts superoxide radical to H(2)O(2), which is in turn broken down to water and oxygen by catalase. Superoxides 36-54 catalase Homo sapiens 120-128 10665834-3 1999 In the lungs, there is an impressive array of specific defence mechanisms that destroy superoxide, especially superoxide dismutase (SOD) and metallothionein. Superoxides 87-97 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 110-130 10665834-3 1999 In the lungs, there is an impressive array of specific defence mechanisms that destroy superoxide, especially superoxide dismutase (SOD) and metallothionein. Superoxides 87-97 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 132-135 10564760-3 1999 Electron paramagnetic resonance studies confirm that BQ-II is reductively activated by NADH:cytochrome c reductase to superoxide anion radical. Superoxides 118-142 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 92-104 10705716-5 1999 The superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD) catalyzes dismutation of the superoxide radical into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen hydrogen peroxide is in turn reduced to water and oxygen by peroxidase glutathione and catalase enzymes. Superoxides 4-14 catalase Homo sapiens 207-215 10552917-0 1999 An anionic impurity in preparations of cytochrome c interferes with assays of cationic catalysts of the dismutation of the superoxide anion radical. Superoxides 123-147 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 39-51 10545203-6 1999 Tyrosine Y(115) was the residue modified by nitration after exposure of ribonuclease A to different nitrating agents: chemically synthesized peroxynitrite, nitric oxide, and superoxide generated by SIN-1 or myeloperoxidase (MPO)/H(2)O(2) plus nitrite (NO(-2)) in the presence of bicarbonate/CO(2). Superoxides 174-184 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 198-203 10545203-6 1999 Tyrosine Y(115) was the residue modified by nitration after exposure of ribonuclease A to different nitrating agents: chemically synthesized peroxynitrite, nitric oxide, and superoxide generated by SIN-1 or myeloperoxidase (MPO)/H(2)O(2) plus nitrite (NO(-2)) in the presence of bicarbonate/CO(2). Superoxides 174-184 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 207-222 10578126-3 1999 3 PP1, an inhibitor of the src-family of protein tyrosine kinases, inhibited adhesion and CD11b/CD18-mediated superoxide anion generation with similar potencies (pEC50s=-5.53 and -5.99 respectively) suggesting that inhibition of the NADPH oxidase was a direct consequence of blocking adhesion. Superoxides 110-126 integrin subunit beta 2 Homo sapiens 96-100 10559793-7 1999 Previous work has demonstrated that extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) can lower superoxide generation; this is the first report that intracellular SOD could also modify the amount of superoxide production from the cells. Superoxides 50-60 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 72-75 10564167-1 1999 Endogenous superoxide anion (O(-)(2)) interferes with the bioactivity of nitric oxide (NO) in endothelium-dependent arterial relaxation (EDR). Superoxides 11-27 paternally expressed 10 Homo sapiens 137-140 10644010-2 1999 Two of these--NFkappaB and AP-1--can also be activated by reactive oxygen species, including the superoxide anion (also produced under TNF challenge). Superoxides 97-113 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 135-138 10584204-4 1999 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was used to confirm the production of superoxide radicals (O2-). Superoxides 65-75 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 10584204-4 1999 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was used to confirm the production of superoxide radicals (O2-). Superoxides 65-75 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 10584204-4 1999 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was used to confirm the production of superoxide radicals (O2-). Superoxides 86-88 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 10559793-7 1999 Previous work has demonstrated that extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) can lower superoxide generation; this is the first report that intracellular SOD could also modify the amount of superoxide production from the cells. Superoxides 50-60 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 154-157 10559793-7 1999 Previous work has demonstrated that extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) can lower superoxide generation; this is the first report that intracellular SOD could also modify the amount of superoxide production from the cells. Superoxides 87-97 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 50-70 10559793-7 1999 Previous work has demonstrated that extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) can lower superoxide generation; this is the first report that intracellular SOD could also modify the amount of superoxide production from the cells. Superoxides 87-97 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 72-75 10559793-7 1999 Previous work has demonstrated that extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD) can lower superoxide generation; this is the first report that intracellular SOD could also modify the amount of superoxide production from the cells. Superoxides 87-97 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 154-157 10615405-0 1999 Angiotensin II-induced superoxide anion generation in human vascular endothelial cells: role of membrane-bound NADH-/NADPH-oxidases. Superoxides 23-39 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-14 10629421-4 1999 Addition of vanadate (100 microM) considerably increased the chemiluminescence (up to 17-fold) after PMA and made possible the detection of an enhanced superoxide production after stimulation with angiotensin II (by 1.7-fold). Superoxides 152-162 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 197-211 10627995-2 1999 LDL-oxidation by peroxynitrite or the simultaneous action of nitrogen monoxide and superoxide, produced by morpholino-sydnonimine (SIN-1) is considerably enhanced by typical hydroxyl-radical scavengers such as formate or mannitol and by glucose. Superoxides 83-93 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 131-136 10593590-7 1999 In contrast, the role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in B[a]P-induced superoxide ion enhancement is suggested by the inhibitory effect of the specific antagonist alpha-naphthoflavone (alphaNF), while the tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) is not involved in the phenomenon. Superoxides 78-88 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 212-233 10593590-7 1999 In contrast, the role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in B[a]P-induced superoxide ion enhancement is suggested by the inhibitory effect of the specific antagonist alpha-naphthoflavone (alphaNF), while the tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) is not involved in the phenomenon. Superoxides 78-88 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 235-244 10529371-1 1999 Phospholipase D (PLD) plays an important role in signaling through phosphatidylcholine (PC) and in the production of superoxide (respiratory burst) by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) stimulated by the chemoattractant fMet-Leu-Phe (fMLP). Superoxides 117-127 glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1 Homo sapiens 0-15 10529371-1 1999 Phospholipase D (PLD) plays an important role in signaling through phosphatidylcholine (PC) and in the production of superoxide (respiratory burst) by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) stimulated by the chemoattractant fMet-Leu-Phe (fMLP). Superoxides 117-127 glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1 Homo sapiens 17-20 10529371-8 1999 They further indicate that PLD stimulation by fMLP receptors occurs through two pathways, dependent and independent on MAP kinase, the former pathway being linked to superoxide production. Superoxides 166-176 glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1 Homo sapiens 27-30 10529371-8 1999 They further indicate that PLD stimulation by fMLP receptors occurs through two pathways, dependent and independent on MAP kinase, the former pathway being linked to superoxide production. Superoxides 166-176 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 46-50 10464373-10 1999 The results indicate that Cu/Zn SOD deficiencies increase the vulnerability of the cochlea to damage associated with normal aging, presumably through metabolic pathways involving the superoxide radical. Superoxides 183-201 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 26-35 10491654-9 1999 In conclusion, the decrease in intracellular Cu, Zn-SOD activities inhibits progesterone production by rat luteal cells, which may be mediated by superoxide radicals, suggesting that intracellular Cu,Zn-SOD plays important roles in the regulation of luteal function. Superoxides 146-156 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 197-206 10522849-4 1999 HYPOTHESIS: The p38 MAPK and extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) modulate superoxide generation and elastase release in activated human PMNs. Superoxides 87-97 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 16-19 10522849-4 1999 HYPOTHESIS: The p38 MAPK and extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) modulate superoxide generation and elastase release in activated human PMNs. Superoxides 87-97 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 20-24 10522849-4 1999 HYPOTHESIS: The p38 MAPK and extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) modulate superoxide generation and elastase release in activated human PMNs. Superoxides 87-97 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 29-68 10522849-4 1999 HYPOTHESIS: The p38 MAPK and extracellular signal-related kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) modulate superoxide generation and elastase release in activated human PMNs. Superoxides 87-97 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 70-76 10522849-7 1999 RESULTS: Superoxide release from activated PMNs was inhibited by blockade of p38 MAPK activation but unaffected by blockade of ERK1/2. Superoxides 9-19 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 77-80 10522849-7 1999 RESULTS: Superoxide release from activated PMNs was inhibited by blockade of p38 MAPK activation but unaffected by blockade of ERK1/2. Superoxides 9-19 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 81-85 10522849-9 1999 CONCLUSIONS: Activation of p38 MAPK promotes superoxide release from PMNs activated by f-Met-Leu-Phe. Superoxides 45-55 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 10615405-4 1999 In the present study, we investigate whether ANG II can induce O2- release from human vascular endothelial cells (HVECs) and the possible mechanisms involved. Superoxides 63-65 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 45-51 10615405-6 1999 The O2- production was dose-dependently increased in HVECs treated with ANG II (10(-7)-10(-9) M) and with a maximum rate after 1 h of incubation. Superoxides 4-6 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 72-78 10615405-12 1999 CONCLUSION: ANG II induces O2- release in HVECs via activation of membrane-bound NADH-/NADPH-oxidase, an effect, that is mediated by both AT-1 and AT-2 receptors. Superoxides 27-29 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 12-18 10529474-8 1999 Further experiments revealed that Fas-induced cell death was associated with increased formation of superoxide anions in control neuroglioma cells and in cells overexpressing catalase. Superoxides 100-117 catalase Homo sapiens 175-183 10615405-13 1999 This suggests that acceleration of AS and MI in ANG II-mediated hypertension may at least be due to ANG II-induced O2- generation from vascular endothelial cells. Superoxides 115-117 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 48-54 10615405-13 1999 This suggests that acceleration of AS and MI in ANG II-mediated hypertension may at least be due to ANG II-induced O2- generation from vascular endothelial cells. Superoxides 115-117 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 100-106 10540319-0 1999 Reduced antilisterial activity of TNF-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages is due to impaired superoxide production. Superoxides 99-109 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 34-37 10540175-3 1999 With this approach, ANCA IgG, but not normal IgG or ANCA F(ab")2 fragments caused a time and dose dependent release of O2- from TNF-alpha primed neutrophils. Superoxides 119-121 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 128-137 10540319-6 1999 The LPS-inducible superoxide production of TNF/LT-alpha(-/-) BMDM was impaired. Superoxides 18-28 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 43-46 10523389-8 1999 In this way, a reduction in the concentration of nitric oxide (which is quenched by superoxide) along with the formation of F(2)-isoprostanes and endothelin could potentiate the vasoconstrictor effects of angiotensin II. Superoxides 84-94 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 205-219 10540223-0 1999 Expression and translocation of Rac2 in eosinophils during superoxide generation. Superoxides 59-69 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 32-36 10563472-5 1999 RESULTS: The enzymatic production of superoxide caused a dose-dependent increase in TNF-alpha synthesis, whereas hydrogen peroxide was ineffective. Superoxides 37-47 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 84-93 10563472-8 1999 Superoxide stimulated TNF-alpha secretion was inhibited by intracellular Ca2+-buffers (MAPT-AM and BAPT-AM) or VOC operating antagonists (diltiazem and verapamil) and only to a small extent by pharmacological inhibitors of ligand-gated pathways (TMB-8 and SKF 96368). Superoxides 0-10 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 22-31 10684546-4 1999 Superoxide anion generation was measured by lucigenin chemiluminescence and reduction of cytochrome c, SOD by inhibition of pyrogallol auto-oxidation, and No as nitrite/nitrate fluorometrically using 2-3-diaminonaphthalene as a probe. Superoxides 0-16 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 89-101 10540319-9 1999 Together these findings suggest that the defective host defense of TNF/LT-alpha-deficient mice against L. monocytogenes partially stems from reduced superoxide production of macrophages due to the absence of TNF and imply a function for peroxynitrite, the reaction product of NO and superoxide, in the intracellular killing of L. monocytogenes. Superoxides 149-159 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 67-70 10540319-9 1999 Together these findings suggest that the defective host defense of TNF/LT-alpha-deficient mice against L. monocytogenes partially stems from reduced superoxide production of macrophages due to the absence of TNF and imply a function for peroxynitrite, the reaction product of NO and superoxide, in the intracellular killing of L. monocytogenes. Superoxides 283-293 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 67-70 10603428-0 1999 Involvement of superoxide in acute reaction of angiotensin II in mesenteric microcirculation. Superoxides 15-25 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 47-61 10603428-4 1999 The acute reaction between Ang II and mesenteric artery induced immediate superoxide (O(2)(-)) production when observed by a chemiluminescence method using the Cypridina luciferin analog. Superoxides 74-84 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 27-33 10603428-4 1999 The acute reaction between Ang II and mesenteric artery induced immediate superoxide (O(2)(-)) production when observed by a chemiluminescence method using the Cypridina luciferin analog. Superoxides 86-90 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 27-33 10603428-5 1999 The acute vascular O(2)(-) production on the addition of Ang II contributed to in vitro vascular contraction as it was significantly attenuated by SOD. Superoxides 19-23 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 57-63 10603428-6 1999 The acute superoxide-producing effect is likely to be specific to Ang II because such significant modification by SOD was not observed for norepinephrine. Superoxides 10-20 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 66-72 10555159-0 1999 Brain-derived neurotropic factor prevents superoxide anion-induced death of PC12h cells stably expressing TrkB receptor via modulation of reactive oxygen species. Superoxides 42-58 neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2 Rattus norvegicus 106-110 10684546-4 1999 Superoxide anion generation was measured by lucigenin chemiluminescence and reduction of cytochrome c, SOD by inhibition of pyrogallol auto-oxidation, and No as nitrite/nitrate fluorometrically using 2-3-diaminonaphthalene as a probe. Superoxides 0-16 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 103-106 10684546-6 1999 There was a positive correlation between superoxide anion generation and SOD activity (r = 0.65, P <.05; r = 0.70, P <.05 in IMA and SV, respectively) and NO release (r = 0.68, P <.05; r = 0.75, P <.03 in IMA and SV, respectively). Superoxides 41-57 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 73-76 10533294-5 1999 METHODS: In this study, we measured hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2-) levels after stimulation by IL-1 plus IL-6 in cultured HMCs. Superoxides 65-81 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 126-130 10533294-5 1999 METHODS: In this study, we measured hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2-) levels after stimulation by IL-1 plus IL-6 in cultured HMCs. Superoxides 57-59 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 126-130 10533294-5 1999 METHODS: In this study, we measured hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2-) levels after stimulation by IL-1 plus IL-6 in cultured HMCs. Superoxides 57-59 MKKS centrosomal shuttling protein Homo sapiens 143-147 10505651-4 1999 Under L-arginine deprivation and IL-1beta stimulation a concentration-dependent release of superoxide was also observed, which was inhibited in the presence of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor nitro-L-argininemethyl-ester. Superoxides 91-101 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 33-41 10493821-4 1999 The effect of SIN-1 in smooth muscle cells was abrogated by superoxide and peroxynitrite inhibitors, which supports the hypothesis that peroxynitrite is an activating species of PGHS-1. Superoxides 60-70 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 14-19 10493821-4 1999 The effect of SIN-1 in smooth muscle cells was abrogated by superoxide and peroxynitrite inhibitors, which supports the hypothesis that peroxynitrite is an activating species of PGHS-1. Superoxides 60-70 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 178-184 10477741-9 1999 Experiments performed with the Src kinase inhibitor, PP1, provide the first evidence that Src kinase activation is required for FcalphaRI-induced production of superoxide anions and provide insight into the mechanism for FcalphaR-mediated activation of downstream oxidant signaling in myeloid cells. Superoxides 160-177 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 31-34 10477741-9 1999 Experiments performed with the Src kinase inhibitor, PP1, provide the first evidence that Src kinase activation is required for FcalphaRI-induced production of superoxide anions and provide insight into the mechanism for FcalphaR-mediated activation of downstream oxidant signaling in myeloid cells. Superoxides 160-177 inorganic pyrophosphatase 1 Homo sapiens 53-56 10477741-9 1999 Experiments performed with the Src kinase inhibitor, PP1, provide the first evidence that Src kinase activation is required for FcalphaRI-induced production of superoxide anions and provide insight into the mechanism for FcalphaR-mediated activation of downstream oxidant signaling in myeloid cells. Superoxides 160-177 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 90-93 10436316-4 1999 The cytosolic form of Cu/Zn-SOD appears specialized to remove superoxide produced as a result of injury. Superoxides 62-72 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 22-31 10503889-1 1999 We previously reported findings that NADPH/cytochrome P450 reductase can generate superoxide anion radical (O2*-) from heterocyclic amines (HCA) and from many anticancer agents in vitro. Superoxides 82-106 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Homo sapiens 37-68 10503889-1 1999 We previously reported findings that NADPH/cytochrome P450 reductase can generate superoxide anion radical (O2*-) from heterocyclic amines (HCA) and from many anticancer agents in vitro. Superoxides 108-112 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Homo sapiens 37-68 10491088-6 1999 The results are consistent with the presence of an active Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase in excretory/secretory product from N. americanus and demonstrate a method for the unequivocal determination of the fate of superoxide anions in the presence of live worms. Superoxides 209-226 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 58-84 10491133-9 1999 Only SIN-1, which produces peroxynitrite by generating both NO and superoxide anion, decreased the Soret region absorption and the pyridine hemochromogen spectrum of HO-2; superoxide dismutase (SOD) blocked the decrease. Superoxides 67-83 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 5-10 10490275-0 1999 Superoxide release from interleukin-1B-stimulated human vascular cells: in situ electrochemical measurement. Superoxides 0-10 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 24-38 10490279-2 1999 Increased rates of superoxide production from paraquat, which were sensitive to superoxide dismutase (SOD), required the presence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) in the reaction medium, and occurred instantaneously after the addition of NADPH, which is impermeable to cell membranes. Superoxides 19-29 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 80-100 10490279-2 1999 Increased rates of superoxide production from paraquat, which were sensitive to superoxide dismutase (SOD), required the presence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) in the reaction medium, and occurred instantaneously after the addition of NADPH, which is impermeable to cell membranes. Superoxides 19-29 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 102-105 10490279-8 1999 Under these conditions, superoxide production was enhanced with agonists, including interleukin-1beta, A23187, and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Superoxides 24-34 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 84-101 10511400-3 1999 The production of superoxide anion was measured by chemiluminescence amplified by a Cypridina luciferin analogue in the presence of N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP). Superoxides 18-34 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 132-152 10511400-3 1999 The production of superoxide anion was measured by chemiluminescence amplified by a Cypridina luciferin analogue in the presence of N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP). Superoxides 18-34 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 154-158 10487305-6 1999 The only parameter that we have found to be different between the 2 groups is the low superoxide production after fMLP stimulation. Superoxides 86-96 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 114-118 10596842-10 1999 alpha1-Protease inhibitor, which inhibits neutrophil elastase, is inactivated by oxidative metabolites such as superoxide and peroxynitrite, and this effect activates matrix metalloproteinases. Superoxides 111-121 serpin family A member 1 Homo sapiens 0-25 10452867-5 1999 PMNs were isolated and superoxide anion (O(-)(2)) generation (nmol O(-)(2)/3.75 x 10(5) PMNs/min) was measured by reduction of cytochrome c after exposure to fMLP, C5a, or PMA; elastase release (% total PMN elastase content) was measured by cleavage of AAPV-pNA after exposure to fMLP or C5a. Superoxides 23-39 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 127-139 10452867-5 1999 PMNs were isolated and superoxide anion (O(-)(2)) generation (nmol O(-)(2)/3.75 x 10(5) PMNs/min) was measured by reduction of cytochrome c after exposure to fMLP, C5a, or PMA; elastase release (% total PMN elastase content) was measured by cleavage of AAPV-pNA after exposure to fMLP or C5a. Superoxides 23-39 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 158-162 10452867-5 1999 PMNs were isolated and superoxide anion (O(-)(2)) generation (nmol O(-)(2)/3.75 x 10(5) PMNs/min) was measured by reduction of cytochrome c after exposure to fMLP, C5a, or PMA; elastase release (% total PMN elastase content) was measured by cleavage of AAPV-pNA after exposure to fMLP or C5a. Superoxides 23-39 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 164-193 10452867-5 1999 PMNs were isolated and superoxide anion (O(-)(2)) generation (nmol O(-)(2)/3.75 x 10(5) PMNs/min) was measured by reduction of cytochrome c after exposure to fMLP, C5a, or PMA; elastase release (% total PMN elastase content) was measured by cleavage of AAPV-pNA after exposure to fMLP or C5a. Superoxides 23-39 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 280-284 10452867-5 1999 PMNs were isolated and superoxide anion (O(-)(2)) generation (nmol O(-)(2)/3.75 x 10(5) PMNs/min) was measured by reduction of cytochrome c after exposure to fMLP, C5a, or PMA; elastase release (% total PMN elastase content) was measured by cleavage of AAPV-pNA after exposure to fMLP or C5a. Superoxides 23-39 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 164-167 10452883-5 1999 Superoxide was generated by the addition of xanthine with xanthine oxidase, while superoxide radicals were scavenged by the addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Superoxides 82-92 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 136-156 10452883-5 1999 Superoxide was generated by the addition of xanthine with xanthine oxidase, while superoxide radicals were scavenged by the addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Superoxides 82-92 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 158-161 10452883-5 1999 Superoxide was generated by the addition of xanthine with xanthine oxidase, while superoxide radicals were scavenged by the addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Superoxides 82-92 catalase Homo sapiens 167-175 10452883-10 1999 Generation of superoxide increased isometric tension, while pretreatment with SOD prevented the increase in isometric tension induced by superoxide. Superoxides 137-147 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 78-81 10496147-4 1999 Sections were treated with 3-morpholinosydomine (SIN-1), which releases O2(-*) and NO simultaneously, with or without pre-treatment either with hemoglobin (3 microM) or melatonin (0.1-10 microM). Superoxides 72-74 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 49-54 10453032-0 1999 Superoxide attenuates macrophage apoptosis by NF-kappa B and AP-1 activation that promotes cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Superoxides 0-10 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 46-56 10453032-0 1999 Superoxide attenuates macrophage apoptosis by NF-kappa B and AP-1 activation that promotes cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Superoxides 0-10 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 91-107 10453032-5 1999 Preactivation with superoxide promoted cyclooxygenase-2 induction that was NF-kappa B and AP-1 mediated. Superoxides 19-29 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 39-55 10453032-5 1999 Preactivation with superoxide promoted cyclooxygenase-2 induction that was NF-kappa B and AP-1 mediated. Superoxides 19-29 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 75-85 10453032-8 1999 The importance of AP-1 for superoxide-mediated Cox-2 expression and cell protection was substantiated by using the extracellular signal-regulated kinase-inhibitor PD98059 and the p38-inhibitor SB203580, which blocked Cox-2 expression. Superoxides 27-37 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 47-52 10453032-8 1999 The importance of AP-1 for superoxide-mediated Cox-2 expression and cell protection was substantiated by using the extracellular signal-regulated kinase-inhibitor PD98059 and the p38-inhibitor SB203580, which blocked Cox-2 expression. Superoxides 27-37 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 217-222 10453032-10 1999 Protection from apoptosis was verified in human macrophages with the notion that superoxide promoted Cox-2 expression, which in turn attenuated nitric oxide-evoked caspase activation. Superoxides 81-91 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 101-106 10471451-1 1999 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We have demonstrated that copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD), a cytosolic isoenzyme of SODs, has a protective role in the pathogenesis of superoxide radical-mediated brain injury. Superoxides 171-189 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 84-92 10471451-2 1999 Using mice bearing a disruption of the CuZn-SOD gene (Sod1), the present study was designed to clarify the role of superoxide anion in the pathogenesis of selective vulnerability after transient global ischemia. Superoxides 115-131 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 39-47 10455184-1 1999 The small GTPase Rac functions as a molecular switch in several important cellular events including cytoskeletal reorganization and activation of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase, the latter of which leads to production of superoxide, a precursor of microbicidal oxidants. Superoxides 218-228 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 17-20 10446154-1 1999 Copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) protects cells against oxidative hazards by the dismutation of superoxide radicals. Superoxides 12-22 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 34-38 10446400-7 1999 GGTS dose-dependently elevated [Ca(2+)](i), induced quenching of the 360 nm Fura-2-calcium fluorescence by Mn(2+) and stimulated superoxide release, while GTS and FTS-Me were inactive. Superoxides 129-139 GTS Homo sapiens 1-4 10480324-5 1999 Initially, we investigated the protective effect of extracellular SOD secreted from these transformed cells (IS(2)-L2 and IS(2)-FR cells) on extracellular superoxide anion (xanthine/xanthine oxidase; X/XO treatment)-induced cytotoxicity in normal cells. Superoxides 155-171 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 66-69 10480324-12 1999 These results indicated a protective effect of transfection with secretable SOD genes against extracellular superoxide anion-induced cytotoxicity although no such protective effect was observed against the intracellular cytotoxicity generated by paraquat treatment. Superoxides 108-124 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 76-79 10453833-6 1999 RESULTS: Superoxide anion generation was reduced in the pregnant group compared with nonpregnant controls [fMLP by 51% (P = 0.03) and zymosan activated serum by 56% (P = 0.01)] but pre-eclamptic measurements did not show a similar reduction. Superoxides 9-25 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 107-111 10455321-13 1999 Glaucine augmented cyclic AMP levels in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes challenged with N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP) or isoprenaline, and inhibited FMLP-induced superoxide generation, elastase release, leukotriene B4 production, [Ca2+]i signal and platelet aggregation as well as opsonized zymosan-, phorbol myristate acetate-, and A23187-induced superoxide release. Superoxides 163-173 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 150-154 10455321-13 1999 Glaucine augmented cyclic AMP levels in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes challenged with N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP) or isoprenaline, and inhibited FMLP-induced superoxide generation, elastase release, leukotriene B4 production, [Ca2+]i signal and platelet aggregation as well as opsonized zymosan-, phorbol myristate acetate-, and A23187-induced superoxide release. Superoxides 349-359 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 150-154 10455321-14 1999 The inhibitory effect of glaucine on superoxide generation by FMLP was reduced by H-89. Superoxides 37-47 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 62-66 10415149-11 1999 The protection of mitochondria by overproduction of CuZnSOD is consistent with the involvement of superoxide or superoxide-derived ROS in the mitochondrial dysfunction caused by brain GSH depletion. Superoxides 98-108 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 52-59 10415149-11 1999 The protection of mitochondria by overproduction of CuZnSOD is consistent with the involvement of superoxide or superoxide-derived ROS in the mitochondrial dysfunction caused by brain GSH depletion. Superoxides 112-122 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 52-59 10443798-2 1999 The prevention of such biological damage can be achieved by dismutation of superoxide to H2O2 which in turn is removed by catalase and GSH peroxidase. Superoxides 75-85 catalase Mus musculus 122-130 10381591-18 1999 In addition, SIN-1 and LY 83583 exert cyclic GMP-independent positive inotropic effects, which require the generation of superoxide anion. Superoxides 121-137 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 13-18 10391884-0 1999 Thiols mediate superoxide-dependent NADH modification of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Superoxides 15-25 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 57-97 10391884-9 1999 Thus, linkage of GAPDH to NADH, in contrast to NAD, occurs in the presence of thiol, is independent of NO, and is mediated by superoxide. Superoxides 126-136 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 17-22 10440583-0 1999 The role of superoxide radical in TNF-alpha induced NF-kappaB activation. Superoxides 12-30 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 34-43 10440583-0 1999 The role of superoxide radical in TNF-alpha induced NF-kappaB activation. Superoxides 12-30 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 52-61 11228746-3 1999 TNF-induced NF-kappa B activation was inhibited by both superoxide and lipid peroxide quenchers but potentiated by an hydroxyl radical quencher. Superoxides 56-66 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-3 11228746-3 1999 TNF-induced NF-kappa B activation was inhibited by both superoxide and lipid peroxide quenchers but potentiated by an hydroxyl radical quencher. Superoxides 56-66 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 12-22 11228746-5 1999 TNF-induced JNK activation, similar to NF-kappa B, was inhibited by both superoxide and lipid peroxide quenchers but potentiated by hydroxyl radical quencher. Superoxides 73-83 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-3 11228746-5 1999 TNF-induced JNK activation, similar to NF-kappa B, was inhibited by both superoxide and lipid peroxide quenchers but potentiated by hydroxyl radical quencher. Superoxides 73-83 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 12-15 11228746-5 1999 TNF-induced JNK activation, similar to NF-kappa B, was inhibited by both superoxide and lipid peroxide quenchers but potentiated by hydroxyl radical quencher. Superoxides 73-83 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 39-49 11228746-7 1999 TNF cytotoxicity, however, was potentiated by superoxide radical quenchers and suppressed by hydroxyl radical and lipid peroxide quenchers. Superoxides 46-56 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-3 11228746-8 1999 Overall, these results suggest that hydroxyl radicals mediate TNF-induced apoptosis but not activation of NF-kappa B, AP-1, and JNK; superoxide radicals mediate NF-kappa B and JNK activation but potentiate apoptosis; and lipid peroxides are required for all the signals induced by TNF. Superoxides 133-143 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 161-171 11228746-8 1999 Overall, these results suggest that hydroxyl radicals mediate TNF-induced apoptosis but not activation of NF-kappa B, AP-1, and JNK; superoxide radicals mediate NF-kappa B and JNK activation but potentiate apoptosis; and lipid peroxides are required for all the signals induced by TNF. Superoxides 133-143 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 176-179 10455262-4 1999 Pretreatment with Cu/Zn SOD (250 u ml(-1)) blocked this augmentation suggesting that it arose paradoxically through destruction of nitric oxide by superoxide anion. Superoxides 147-163 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 18-27 10393079-1 1999 It is commonly assumed that activation of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase requires the formation of a stable complex between flavocytochrome b-245 (the gp91phox/p22phox heterodimer) and the cytosolic cofactors p47phox, p67phox and Rac2. Superoxides 46-56 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 239-243 10484661-5 1999 NO and superoxide formation as well as NOS stability are finely regulated by Ca2+/calmodulin interactions, by the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin, and by substrate availability. Superoxides 7-17 calmodulin 1 Homo sapiens 82-92 10489120-6 1999 SIN-1, on the other hand, generates NO and the superoxide anion which, in turn, generated peroxynitrite which was then converted to the hydroxyl radical. Superoxides 47-63 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 10450791-6 1999 CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that elevated levels of insulin do not affect the NADPH-oxidase activity but, together with superoxide anions, interfere with myeloperoxidase availability and a subsequent myeloperoxidase-dependent generation of reactive oxygen metabolites in fMet-Leu-Phe-stimulated normal human neutrophils. Superoxides 127-144 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 161-176 10450791-6 1999 CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that elevated levels of insulin do not affect the NADPH-oxidase activity but, together with superoxide anions, interfere with myeloperoxidase availability and a subsequent myeloperoxidase-dependent generation of reactive oxygen metabolites in fMet-Leu-Phe-stimulated normal human neutrophils. Superoxides 127-144 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 207-222 10485329-3 1999 Endogenous protein phosphorylation pattern is inhibited in TNF-alpha induced neutrophil in Ca-dependent and Ca-independent manner, including a major 47 and 66 kDa cytosolic proteins, which may be implicated in superoxide anion generation. Superoxides 210-226 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 59-68 10547881-8 1999 However, owing to Mn-SOD activity decrease the ratio V/A, showing the level of superoxide radicals in subcellular organelles grows 3-fold. Superoxides 79-89 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 18-24 10366759-3 1999 Previously, we reported that exposing human dermal fibroblasts to UVA in the presence of AGEs that were prepared with bovine serum albumin (BSA) decreased the cell viability due to superoxide anion radical s (.O2(-)) and hydroxyl radicals (.OH) generated by AGEs under UVA irradiation, and active oxygen species are detected with ESR spin-trapping. Superoxides 181-205 albumin Homo sapiens 125-138 10527884-3 1999 Whole AchE and the AchE recombinant catalytic subunit inhibited PMN superoxide anion (O2-) generation. Superoxides 68-84 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 6-10 10527884-3 1999 Whole AchE and the AchE recombinant catalytic subunit inhibited PMN superoxide anion (O2-) generation. Superoxides 68-84 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 19-23 10527884-3 1999 Whole AchE and the AchE recombinant catalytic subunit inhibited PMN superoxide anion (O2-) generation. Superoxides 86-88 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 6-10 10527884-3 1999 Whole AchE and the AchE recombinant catalytic subunit inhibited PMN superoxide anion (O2-) generation. Superoxides 86-88 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 19-23 10527884-4 1999 AchE synthetic peptides, residues 139-154 and 252-266 of the catalytic subunit, with sequence homology to that of the alpha3(IV) peptide also inhibited O2- production by PMN. Superoxides 152-154 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 0-4 10527884-6 1999 The data show that the non-collagenous domain of the AchE down-regulates O2- production by PMN. Superoxides 73-75 acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group) Homo sapiens 53-57 10393242-1 1999 The Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radicals produced from biological oxidation and environmental stresses. Superoxides 67-86 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 32-36 10377187-2 1999 At concentrations as low as 1-10 nM, the LXA4 and ATL analogues each inhibited TNF-alpha-stimulated superoxide anion generation and IL-1beta release by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Superoxides 100-116 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 79-88 10364470-3 1999 An-I, An-Ia, and TB-III suppressed the superoxide generations induced by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) and arachidonic acid (AA) in a concentration-dependent manner, but enhanced that induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Superoxides 39-49 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 114-118 10364470-4 1999 While TB-II also suppressed and enhanced the superoxide generations induced by fMLP and PMA, respectively, the compound significantly enhanced the AA-induced superoxide generation. Superoxides 45-55 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 79-83 10364470-5 1999 TB-I enhanced the fMLP-induced superoxide generation in a low concentration range (peak at 40 microM), gave no effect on the PMA-induced superoxide generation and weakly enhanced the AA-induced superoxide generation. Superoxides 31-41 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 18-22 10364470-6 1999 TA-III enhanced the fMLP-induced superoxide generation more than twice as much as that by TB-I in the same concentration range. Superoxides 33-43 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 20-24 10362602-4 1999 Both superoxide (generated by xanthine oxidase plus hypoxanthine) and hydrogen peroxide were potent inducers of PAI-1, and hydroxyl radical scavengers completely abolished the TNF-alpha induction of PAI-1. Superoxides 5-15 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 176-185 10362713-5 1999 Superoxide anions (O-2), but not hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), increased IL-6 production. Superoxides 0-17 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 69-73 10362713-5 1999 Superoxide anions (O-2), but not hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), increased IL-6 production. Superoxides 19-22 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 69-73 10533605-10 1999 Superoxide production in the myocardium was significantly higher in the IL-1 beta group than in the control group at day 2 (p < 0.01), and OPC-6535 significantly suppressed the IL-1 beta-induced superoxide production (p < 0.01). Superoxides 0-10 interleukin 1 beta Canis lupus familiaris 72-81 10533605-10 1999 Superoxide production in the myocardium was significantly higher in the IL-1 beta group than in the control group at day 2 (p < 0.01), and OPC-6535 significantly suppressed the IL-1 beta-induced superoxide production (p < 0.01). Superoxides 0-10 interleukin 1 beta Canis lupus familiaris 180-189 10533605-10 1999 Superoxide production in the myocardium was significantly higher in the IL-1 beta group than in the control group at day 2 (p < 0.01), and OPC-6535 significantly suppressed the IL-1 beta-induced superoxide production (p < 0.01). Superoxides 198-208 interleukin 1 beta Canis lupus familiaris 72-81 10533605-10 1999 Superoxide production in the myocardium was significantly higher in the IL-1 beta group than in the control group at day 2 (p < 0.01), and OPC-6535 significantly suppressed the IL-1 beta-induced superoxide production (p < 0.01). Superoxides 198-208 interleukin 1 beta Canis lupus familiaris 180-189 10533605-11 1999 An HPLC assay showed that nitrotyrosine, a marker of the formation of peroxynitrite by superoxide anion and nitric oxide, was present in the myocardium treated with IL-1 beta but not in that with control MS. OPC-6535 abolished the IL-1 beta-induced formation of myocardial nitrotyrosine. Superoxides 87-103 interleukin 1 beta Canis lupus familiaris 165-174 10378896-7 1999 Superoxide release stimulated by FMLP was inhibited partially by PD98059 or SB203580, a specific inhibitor of ERK or p38 pathway, and was almost completely inhibited by the combination of both inhibitors, whereas PMA-induced superoxide release was resistant to these two inhibitors in monocytes. Superoxides 0-10 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 33-37 10359739-5 1999 Both H2O2- and O2--induced apoptosis of cardiomyocytes were associated with an increase in p53 protein content, whereas protein levels of Bax and Bcl-2 were unaltered. Superoxides 7-9 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 91-94 10378896-7 1999 Superoxide release stimulated by FMLP was inhibited partially by PD98059 or SB203580, a specific inhibitor of ERK or p38 pathway, and was almost completely inhibited by the combination of both inhibitors, whereas PMA-induced superoxide release was resistant to these two inhibitors in monocytes. Superoxides 0-10 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 110-113 10378896-7 1999 Superoxide release stimulated by FMLP was inhibited partially by PD98059 or SB203580, a specific inhibitor of ERK or p38 pathway, and was almost completely inhibited by the combination of both inhibitors, whereas PMA-induced superoxide release was resistant to these two inhibitors in monocytes. Superoxides 0-10 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 117-120 10380907-4 1999 Our results indicate that SP primes two distinct pathways with respect to the induction of reactive oxygen species in the human neutrophil: the production of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide by the calmodulin-dependent NADPH oxidase, and the generation of NO by a constitutive NO synthase. Superoxides 158-174 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 26-28 10380907-6 1999 These results give insight into distinct signal transduction pathways in the SP-primed neutrophil with respect to the formation of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and NO. Superoxides 131-147 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 77-79 10443513-11 1999 Endothelin-1 may be involved in the plasma-mediated stimulation of neutrophil superoxide anion production. Superoxides 78-94 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 0-12 10329680-1 1999 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is the only known extracellular enzyme designed to scavenge the superoxide anion. Superoxides 108-124 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 0-34 10329680-1 1999 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is the only known extracellular enzyme designed to scavenge the superoxide anion. Superoxides 108-124 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 36-42 10318800-6 1999 In contrast, the superoxide radical seemed to bypass the intermediate state since NADPH had very little ability to prevent the superoxide radical from converting catalase to compound II. Superoxides 127-145 catalase Homo sapiens 162-170 10369472-2 1999 In the presence of cytochalasin B (CB), C5a induced a dose-dependent release of the granular eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), but not O2-, whereas in the absence of CB O2- , but not EPO, was released. Superoxides 130-132 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 40-43 10369472-2 1999 In the presence of cytochalasin B (CB), C5a induced a dose-dependent release of the granular eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), but not O2-, whereas in the absence of CB O2- , but not EPO, was released. Superoxides 164-166 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 40-43 10335439-1 1999 Previous work has shown a sensitive inhibition of prostacyclin synthase activity by peroxynitrite as well as by superoxide in the presence of NO donors. Superoxides 112-122 prostaglandin I2 synthase Homo sapiens 50-71 10378896-7 1999 Superoxide release stimulated by FMLP was inhibited partially by PD98059 or SB203580, a specific inhibitor of ERK or p38 pathway, and was almost completely inhibited by the combination of both inhibitors, whereas PMA-induced superoxide release was resistant to these two inhibitors in monocytes. Superoxides 225-235 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 33-37 10334816-0 1999 Paracrine role of adventitial superoxide anion in mediating spontaneous tone of the isolated rat aorta in angiotensin II-induced hypertension. Superoxides 30-46 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 106-120 10369561-8 1999 Because superoxide dismutase and catalase, which remove superoxide anion, decreased the augmented death of glucose-deprived immunostimulated CGC, the reaction of NO with superoxide to form peroxynitrite appears to be implicated in the potentiated neurotoxicity. Superoxides 56-72 catalase Rattus norvegicus 33-41 10363748-7 1999 MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Superoxide production in PMN induced by fMLP (a receptor ligand) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), which acts directly on protein kinase C. RESULTS: fMLP-induced superoxide generation in the malnourished patients was 55+/-5% of that of the controls. Superoxides 23-33 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 63-67 10363748-7 1999 MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Superoxide production in PMN induced by fMLP (a receptor ligand) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), which acts directly on protein kinase C. RESULTS: fMLP-induced superoxide generation in the malnourished patients was 55+/-5% of that of the controls. Superoxides 23-33 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 175-179 10363748-7 1999 MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Superoxide production in PMN induced by fMLP (a receptor ligand) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), which acts directly on protein kinase C. RESULTS: fMLP-induced superoxide generation in the malnourished patients was 55+/-5% of that of the controls. Superoxides 188-198 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 63-67 10363748-7 1999 MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Superoxide production in PMN induced by fMLP (a receptor ligand) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), which acts directly on protein kinase C. RESULTS: fMLP-induced superoxide generation in the malnourished patients was 55+/-5% of that of the controls. Superoxides 188-198 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 175-179 10363748-9 1999 In those who received formula supplementation, fMLP-generated *O2- production levels were 48+/-8 and 73+/-13% (P = 0.12) of those of controls at the start and after 3 months, respectively. Superoxides 63-65 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 47-51 10329352-1 1999 Reactive oxygen and nitrogen intermediates (ROI, RNI), such as superoxide anion, nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite, are present in villous trophoblasts and mediate TNF-alpha-induced apoptosis in other cell types. Superoxides 63-79 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 166-175 10191264-1 1999 Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) catalyses the dismutation of superoxide radicals and neutralizes the oxidative effects of various chemicals. Superoxides 6-16 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 28-32 10209008-1 1999 BACKGROUND: Angiotensin II activates NAD(P)H-dependent oxidases via AT1-receptor stimulation, the most important vascular source of superoxide (O2*-). Superoxides 132-142 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 12-26 10209008-1 1999 BACKGROUND: Angiotensin II activates NAD(P)H-dependent oxidases via AT1-receptor stimulation, the most important vascular source of superoxide (O2*-). Superoxides 144-147 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 12-26 10098850-5 1999 IL-10 inhibited lipopolysaccharide-induced IL-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production, lysosomal enzyme activity, and superoxide anion production in a dose-dependent manner, but did not affect granulocyte/ macrophage colony-stimulating factor-dependent proliferation of microglia. Superoxides 127-143 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 0-5 10218477-6 1999 Additionally, Northern blot analysis showed that transforming growth factor-beta1, a key factor responsible for myocardial fibrosis, was upregulated in cardiac fibroblasts in response to superoxide stimulation. Superoxides 187-197 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 49-81 11225733-2 1999 We have previously shown that selective activation of RyR/Ca2+ release channel by superoxide anion radical (O2.-) is dependent of the presence of calmodulin and identified calmodulin as a functional mediator of O2.- -triggered Ca2+ release through the RyR/Ca2+ release channel of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Superoxides 82-106 ryanodine receptor 1 Homo sapiens 54-57 11225733-2 1999 We have previously shown that selective activation of RyR/Ca2+ release channel by superoxide anion radical (O2.-) is dependent of the presence of calmodulin and identified calmodulin as a functional mediator of O2.- -triggered Ca2+ release through the RyR/Ca2+ release channel of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Superoxides 82-106 calmodulin 1 Homo sapiens 146-156 11225733-2 1999 We have previously shown that selective activation of RyR/Ca2+ release channel by superoxide anion radical (O2.-) is dependent of the presence of calmodulin and identified calmodulin as a functional mediator of O2.- -triggered Ca2+ release through the RyR/Ca2+ release channel of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Superoxides 82-106 calmodulin 1 Homo sapiens 172-182 11225733-2 1999 We have previously shown that selective activation of RyR/Ca2+ release channel by superoxide anion radical (O2.-) is dependent of the presence of calmodulin and identified calmodulin as a functional mediator of O2.- -triggered Ca2+ release through the RyR/Ca2+ release channel of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Superoxides 82-106 ryanodine receptor 1 Homo sapiens 252-255 11225733-2 1999 We have previously shown that selective activation of RyR/Ca2+ release channel by superoxide anion radical (O2.-) is dependent of the presence of calmodulin and identified calmodulin as a functional mediator of O2.- -triggered Ca2+ release through the RyR/Ca2+ release channel of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Superoxides 108-110 ryanodine receptor 1 Homo sapiens 54-57 11225733-2 1999 We have previously shown that selective activation of RyR/Ca2+ release channel by superoxide anion radical (O2.-) is dependent of the presence of calmodulin and identified calmodulin as a functional mediator of O2.- -triggered Ca2+ release through the RyR/Ca2+ release channel of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Superoxides 108-110 calmodulin 1 Homo sapiens 146-156 11225733-2 1999 We have previously shown that selective activation of RyR/Ca2+ release channel by superoxide anion radical (O2.-) is dependent of the presence of calmodulin and identified calmodulin as a functional mediator of O2.- -triggered Ca2+ release through the RyR/Ca2+ release channel of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Superoxides 108-110 calmodulin 1 Homo sapiens 172-182 11225733-2 1999 We have previously shown that selective activation of RyR/Ca2+ release channel by superoxide anion radical (O2.-) is dependent of the presence of calmodulin and identified calmodulin as a functional mediator of O2.- -triggered Ca2+ release through the RyR/Ca2+ release channel of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Superoxides 108-110 ryanodine receptor 1 Homo sapiens 252-255 11225733-2 1999 We have previously shown that selective activation of RyR/Ca2+ release channel by superoxide anion radical (O2.-) is dependent of the presence of calmodulin and identified calmodulin as a functional mediator of O2.- -triggered Ca2+ release through the RyR/Ca2+ release channel of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Superoxides 211-213 ryanodine receptor 1 Homo sapiens 54-57 11225733-2 1999 We have previously shown that selective activation of RyR/Ca2+ release channel by superoxide anion radical (O2.-) is dependent of the presence of calmodulin and identified calmodulin as a functional mediator of O2.- -triggered Ca2+ release through the RyR/Ca2+ release channel of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Superoxides 211-213 calmodulin 1 Homo sapiens 172-182 11225733-2 1999 We have previously shown that selective activation of RyR/Ca2+ release channel by superoxide anion radical (O2.-) is dependent of the presence of calmodulin and identified calmodulin as a functional mediator of O2.- -triggered Ca2+ release through the RyR/Ca2+ release channel of cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Superoxides 211-213 ryanodine receptor 1 Homo sapiens 252-255 11225733-5 1999 When heart homogenate was incubated with O2.-, conversion of NAD+ into cADPR was stimulated; the reduction of homogenate Ca2+ uptake (by increasing Ca2+ efflux through RyR/Ca2+ release channel) occurred. Superoxides 41-43 ryanodine receptor 1 Homo sapiens 168-171 10195945-4 1999 The reduction in superoxide and lipid oxidation by AT seemed to be mediated by inhibition of protein kinase C. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism(s) by which AT inhibits IL-1 beta release. Superoxides 17-27 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 190-199 10223197-5 1999 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase inhibited AP-1 activation induced by vanadate, indicating the involvement of superoxide anion radical (O2-*), hydroxyl radical (*OH) and/or H2O2 in the mechanism of vanadate-induced AP-1 activation. Superoxides 117-141 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 10223197-5 1999 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase inhibited AP-1 activation induced by vanadate, indicating the involvement of superoxide anion radical (O2-*), hydroxyl radical (*OH) and/or H2O2 in the mechanism of vanadate-induced AP-1 activation. Superoxides 117-141 JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 50-54 10202371-0 1999 Endothelial cells upregulate eosinophil superoxide generation via VCAM-1 expression. Superoxides 40-50 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 66-72 10202371-1 1999 BACKGROUND: In vitro eosinophil (EOS) adhesion to recombinant human (rh)-vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 stimulates superoxide anion (O2-) generation and enhances formyl-methionyl-leucyl phenylalanine (FMLP)-activated O2- generation. Superoxides 125-141 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 73-113 10202371-1 1999 BACKGROUND: In vitro eosinophil (EOS) adhesion to recombinant human (rh)-vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 stimulates superoxide anion (O2-) generation and enhances formyl-methionyl-leucyl phenylalanine (FMLP)-activated O2- generation. Superoxides 143-145 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 73-113 10202371-8 1999 Furthermore, enhanced O2- generation, but not adhesion, associated with IL-4 + TNFalpha-treatment of HUVEC was inhibited when EOS were treated with the platelet activating factor (PAF)-antagonist WEB 2086 (20 microM), thus suggesting an involvement of PAF in priming EOS. Superoxides 22-24 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 72-76 10202371-8 1999 Furthermore, enhanced O2- generation, but not adhesion, associated with IL-4 + TNFalpha-treatment of HUVEC was inhibited when EOS were treated with the platelet activating factor (PAF)-antagonist WEB 2086 (20 microM), thus suggesting an involvement of PAF in priming EOS. Superoxides 22-24 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 79-87 10101223-10 1999 Neutrophils activation of phospholipase D (PLD) and superoxide generation in response to IL-8 have also been demonstrated. Superoxides 52-62 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 89-93 10232835-10 1999 The observed lack of increased peroxidase activity is consistent with mitochondrially-generated superoxide anion radical contributing to the mechanism of TNF-induced apoptosis. Superoxides 96-120 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 154-157 10232844-2 1999 The cells, isolated and cultured from human oral tissues, were treated with STE (0-300 microl;g/ml) for 24 h. Superoxide anion production was determined by cytochrome c reductase. Superoxides 110-126 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 156-168 10069678-2 1999 It was recently suggested that the endothelium may influence the actions of angiotensin II by production of, for example, nitric oxide and superoxide. Superoxides 139-149 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 76-90 10213272-0 1999 Src-family kinase-p53/ Lyn p56 plays an important role in TNF-alpha-stimulated production of O2- by human neutrophils adherent to fibrinogen. Superoxides 93-95 FGR proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 0-3 10213272-0 1999 Src-family kinase-p53/ Lyn p56 plays an important role in TNF-alpha-stimulated production of O2- by human neutrophils adherent to fibrinogen. Superoxides 93-95 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 18-21 10213272-0 1999 Src-family kinase-p53/ Lyn p56 plays an important role in TNF-alpha-stimulated production of O2- by human neutrophils adherent to fibrinogen. Superoxides 93-95 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 58-67 10213272-0 1999 Src-family kinase-p53/ Lyn p56 plays an important role in TNF-alpha-stimulated production of O2- by human neutrophils adherent to fibrinogen. Superoxides 93-95 fibrinogen beta chain Homo sapiens 130-140 10213272-5 1999 Our results demonstrated that, in neutrophils adherent to fibrinogen, PP1 inhibited TNFalpha-stimulated superoxide production and protein tyrosine phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 104-114 fibrinogen beta chain Homo sapiens 58-68 10213272-5 1999 Our results demonstrated that, in neutrophils adherent to fibrinogen, PP1 inhibited TNFalpha-stimulated superoxide production and protein tyrosine phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 104-114 inorganic pyrophosphatase 1 Homo sapiens 70-73 10213272-5 1999 Our results demonstrated that, in neutrophils adherent to fibrinogen, PP1 inhibited TNFalpha-stimulated superoxide production and protein tyrosine phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 104-114 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 84-92 10066436-1 1999 Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radicals produced from biological oxidation and environmental stresses. Superoxides 6-16 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 28-32 10049498-2 1999 When the cells were preincubated with D-CK, the superoxide generation induced by arachidonic acid (AA), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) were enhanced, showing a dependence on D-CK concentration. Superoxides 48-58 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 188-192 10049498-4 1999 On the contrary, L-CK largely enhanced the fMLP-induced superoxide generation, whereas it showed no effect on those induced by AA and PMA. Superoxides 56-66 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 43-47 10049498-6 1999 Genistein suppressed the fMLP-induced superoxide generation in the L-CK-treated cells more efficiently than that in the D-CK-treated cells. Superoxides 38-48 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 25-29 9952318-3 1999 We concluded that cis-platinum accelerated the generation of superoxide anion in the cells, and the superoxide anion produced was converted into H2O by the cooperative roles of catalase and Cu,Zn-SOD. Superoxides 100-116 catalase Homo sapiens 177-185 9952318-3 1999 We concluded that cis-platinum accelerated the generation of superoxide anion in the cells, and the superoxide anion produced was converted into H2O by the cooperative roles of catalase and Cu,Zn-SOD. Superoxides 100-116 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 190-199 10229110-5 1999 Superoxide dismutase inhibited the effect of SIN-1, which indicates a role for superoxide, and contradicts a role for its dismutation product, hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 79-89 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 45-50 10229110-9 1999 On the other hand, the simultaneous production of superoxide, as achieved with the NO-donor SIN-1, negated the inhibitory effect of NO. Superoxides 50-60 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 92-97 10398565-11 1999 SIN-1 could be useful as a source of oxidant for the characterization of antioxidant behaviour in a system where superoxide and nitric oxide are simultaneously generated. Superoxides 113-123 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 9988743-8 1999 Comparison of the extent of CuZn-SOD inhibition of native and succinoylated cytochrome c reduction by cell-bound XO indicated that XO-dependent superoxide production was occurring in a cell compartment inaccessible to CuZn-SOD. Superoxides 144-154 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 76-88 10049713-5 1999 Simulation based on the mechanism suggested revealed that the likely value for the rate constant of the primary step between luminol and superoxide anion radicals producing luminol radicals is 5x10(2)-1x10(3) M-1s-1. Superoxides 137-162 tumor associated calcium signal transducer 2 Homo sapiens 209-215 9986706-5 1999 The reaction leads also to the formation of single-electron reduced products and concomitantly superoxide anion radicals as shown by coupling the reaction to the reduction of cytochrome c. Superoxides 95-120 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 175-187 10102942-4 1999 In addition to large amounts of nitric oxide (NO), injurious peroxynitrite may be formed in the epithelium by the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which is considered to elicit cytotoxicity by the generation of superoxide with reduced L-arginine availability. Superoxides 218-228 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 114-145 10102942-4 1999 In addition to large amounts of nitric oxide (NO), injurious peroxynitrite may be formed in the epithelium by the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), which is considered to elicit cytotoxicity by the generation of superoxide with reduced L-arginine availability. Superoxides 218-228 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 147-151 10102942-9 1999 Selective inhibitors of iNOS activity, as well as topical L-arginine, may therefore prove beneficial in inflammatory bowel disease by reducing the production of superoxide by iNOS, while only the former option may be expected to reduce diarrhoea in chronic inflammatory bowel disorders. Superoxides 161-171 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 24-28 10102942-9 1999 Selective inhibitors of iNOS activity, as well as topical L-arginine, may therefore prove beneficial in inflammatory bowel disease by reducing the production of superoxide by iNOS, while only the former option may be expected to reduce diarrhoea in chronic inflammatory bowel disorders. Superoxides 161-171 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 175-179 9890990-3 1999 The expression of SP-22 protein was enhanced by about 1.5-4.6-fold when bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) were exposed to various oxidative stresses, including mitochondrial respiratory inhibitors which increased the superoxide generation in BAEC mitochondria. Superoxides 222-232 Parkinsonism associated deglycase Rattus norvegicus 18-23 10218656-4 1999 In aerated buffer (pH 7) the nitrite-dependent oxidation of NAD(P)H by LPO/H2O2 produced superoxide radical, O2*-, which was detected as a DMPO/*O2H adduct. Superoxides 89-107 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 71-74 10218656-4 1999 In aerated buffer (pH 7) the nitrite-dependent oxidation of NAD(P)H by LPO/H2O2 produced superoxide radical, O2*-, which was detected as a DMPO/*O2H adduct. Superoxides 77-79 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 71-74 10027302-6 1999 Electron spin resonance (ESR) revealed that superoxide-scavenging ability of cell lysates of the QR clone with high level of Mn-SOD was significantly higher than that with low level of the antioxidative enzyme in the presence of potassium cyanide, an inhibitor for copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) (P<0.001). Superoxides 44-54 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 125-131 10027302-6 1999 Electron spin resonance (ESR) revealed that superoxide-scavenging ability of cell lysates of the QR clone with high level of Mn-SOD was significantly higher than that with low level of the antioxidative enzyme in the presence of potassium cyanide, an inhibitor for copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) (P<0.001). Superoxides 44-54 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 299-307 10188990-1 1999 Peroxynitrite, a potent oxidant formed by the reaction of nitric oxide and superoxide causes thymocyte necrosis, in part, via activation of the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase (PARS). Superoxides 75-85 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 159-186 9895225-6 1999 In addition, generation of superoxide was indicated by the gentamicin-stimulated reduction of cytochrome c. Superoxides 27-37 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 94-106 10202994-9 1999 The drug also reduced LTB4 and superoxide anion production in granulocytes stimulated by zymosan or fMLP. Superoxides 31-47 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 100-104 10088607-3 1999 Trp-Lys-Tyr-Met-Val-D-Met (WKYMVm), a peptide that stimulates phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis in human leukocytes, including monocytes, binds to a unique cell surface receptor and stimulates superoxide generation, killing of Staphylococcus aureus, and activation of phospholipase D (PLD) in human monocytes. Superoxides 192-202 glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1 Homo sapiens 284-287 10088607-7 1999 We suggest that the peptide stimulates PLD downstream of PLC activation and PLD activation in turn is essential for the peptide-induced immunological functions such as the superoxide generation and killing of bacteria by human monocytes. Superoxides 172-182 glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1 Homo sapiens 39-42 10088607-7 1999 We suggest that the peptide stimulates PLD downstream of PLC activation and PLD activation in turn is essential for the peptide-induced immunological functions such as the superoxide generation and killing of bacteria by human monocytes. Superoxides 172-182 glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1 Homo sapiens 76-79 10102555-6 1999 RESULTS: Incubation with 1 mM putrescine for 1 hour inhibited superoxide production by TNF-primed PMNs by 20%, but enhanced the production of superoxide by unprimed cells by 38%. Superoxides 62-72 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 87-90 10189943-6 1999 Superoxide anion generation induced by fMLP in cytochalasin B-treated cells primed with PAF was not inhibited by the aqueous fraction. Superoxides 0-16 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 39-43 9882464-1 1999 SIN-1 has been used, in vitro, to simultaneously generate nitric oxide (*NO) and superoxide (O*-2). Superoxides 81-91 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 9885230-7 1999 TNF-alpha-induced caspase activation was accompanied by a decrease in the ability of neutrophils to release superoxide anion. Superoxides 108-124 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-9 9885230-8 1999 Conversely, TNF-alpha treatment in the presence of zVAD-fmk caused a prolonged augmentation of superoxide release. Superoxides 95-105 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 12-21 10667354-0 1999 Involvement of protein kinase C, p38 MAP kinase and ERK in arachidonic acid-stimulated superoxide production in human neutrophils. Superoxides 87-97 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 33-36 10667354-0 1999 Involvement of protein kinase C, p38 MAP kinase and ERK in arachidonic acid-stimulated superoxide production in human neutrophils. Superoxides 87-97 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 52-55 10672232-3 1999 These findings indicate that MnSOD is required to maintain the integrity of mitochondrial enzymes susceptible to direct inactivation by superoxide. Superoxides 136-146 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 29-34 9864179-9 1999 GM-CSF- or TNF-induced superoxide (O2-) release was inhibited by p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting the possible involvement of p38 MAPK in GM-CSF- or TNF-induced O2- release. Superoxides 23-33 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 11-14 9882616-1 1999 Incubation of human neutrophils with a chemotactic peptide [N-formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine (fMLP)] gave rise to an increase in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity, phosphorylation of p47phox and superoxide-anion (O2(-)) generation in the same fMLP-concentration-dependent manner. Superoxides 212-222 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 99-103 9882616-1 1999 Incubation of human neutrophils with a chemotactic peptide [N-formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine (fMLP)] gave rise to an increase in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity, phosphorylation of p47phox and superoxide-anion (O2(-)) generation in the same fMLP-concentration-dependent manner. Superoxides 230-232 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 99-103 9864179-9 1999 GM-CSF- or TNF-induced superoxide (O2-) release was inhibited by p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting the possible involvement of p38 MAPK in GM-CSF- or TNF-induced O2- release. Superoxides 23-33 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 65-68 9864179-9 1999 GM-CSF- or TNF-induced superoxide (O2-) release was inhibited by p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting the possible involvement of p38 MAPK in GM-CSF- or TNF-induced O2- release. Superoxides 23-33 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 162-165 9864179-9 1999 GM-CSF- or TNF-induced superoxide (O2-) release was inhibited by p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting the possible involvement of p38 MAPK in GM-CSF- or TNF-induced O2- release. Superoxides 35-37 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 11-14 9864179-9 1999 GM-CSF- or TNF-induced superoxide (O2-) release was inhibited by p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting the possible involvement of p38 MAPK in GM-CSF- or TNF-induced O2- release. Superoxides 35-37 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 65-68 9864179-9 1999 GM-CSF- or TNF-induced superoxide (O2-) release was inhibited by p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting the possible involvement of p38 MAPK in GM-CSF- or TNF-induced O2- release. Superoxides 35-37 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 162-165 10440226-4 1999 With this review, we address the role of the small GTP binding protein, Rac, as a regulatory protein that controls superoxide production, and the effect of superoxide and derived oxidants in cell signaling. Superoxides 115-125 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 72-75 10052121-4 1999 Such proteins as bovine serum albumin (BSA) and ovalbumin also inhibited the autoxidation of ASA, therefore it seems that non-specific interaction between ASA and such proteins as catalase and BSA might stabilize ASA and that the non-enzymatic superoxide anion scavenging ability of proteins might be involved. Superoxides 244-260 catalase Homo sapiens 180-188 10051154-2 1999 The hypothesis that endogenous superoxide dismutase (SOD) protects the nitrergic transmitter from inactivation by superoxide and that this explains the lack of sensitivity of the transmitter to superoxide generators was tested in the rat isolated anococcygeus muscle. Superoxides 31-41 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 53-56 10051154-2 1999 The hypothesis that endogenous superoxide dismutase (SOD) protects the nitrergic transmitter from inactivation by superoxide and that this explains the lack of sensitivity of the transmitter to superoxide generators was tested in the rat isolated anococcygeus muscle. Superoxides 114-124 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 53-56 12114769-1 1999 In adrenal glands, oxidative free radicals are synthesized in the course of hormonal production, and enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) is considered to scavenge these harmful superoxide radicals and, subsequently, to protect the cells. Superoxides 175-194 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 130-133 12114769-8 1999 These results indicate that Cu,Zn-SOD and Mu-SOD may play different roles as a scavenger or antioxidants in normal human adrenal glands, i.e., Cu,Zn-SOD as a scavenger of toxic superoxide radicals generated during steroidogenesis and Mn-SOD during catecholamine production. Superoxides 177-187 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 34-37 12114769-8 1999 These results indicate that Cu,Zn-SOD and Mu-SOD may play different roles as a scavenger or antioxidants in normal human adrenal glands, i.e., Cu,Zn-SOD as a scavenger of toxic superoxide radicals generated during steroidogenesis and Mn-SOD during catecholamine production. Superoxides 177-187 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 45-48 12114769-8 1999 These results indicate that Cu,Zn-SOD and Mu-SOD may play different roles as a scavenger or antioxidants in normal human adrenal glands, i.e., Cu,Zn-SOD as a scavenger of toxic superoxide radicals generated during steroidogenesis and Mn-SOD during catecholamine production. Superoxides 177-187 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 45-48 10654103-11 1999 AGE inhibitors might be able to stop formation of AGE-modified beta-amyloid deposits, antioxidants are likely to scavenge intracellular and extracellular superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide before these radicals damage cell constituents or activate microglia, and anti-inflammatory drugs attenuating microglial radical and cytokine production. Superoxides 154-164 renin binding protein Homo sapiens 50-53 9931086-8 1999 Both endothelial and smooth muscle cells from all vessels showed evidence for the presence of superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme that scavenges superoxide anions. Superoxides 147-164 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 94-114 9931086-8 1999 Both endothelial and smooth muscle cells from all vessels showed evidence for the presence of superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme that scavenges superoxide anions. Superoxides 147-164 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 116-119 9950265-0 1999 The role of aminopeptidase N in Met-enkephalin modulated superoxide anion release. Superoxides 57-73 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 32-46 9987684-2 1999 Recently, it could be shown that bradykinin is a potent stimulus for the generation of arachidonic acid, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and superoxide radical via the bradykinin B2 receptor from macrophages depending on their stage of maturation or activation. Superoxides 133-151 B2 bradykinin receptor Cavia porcellus 160-182 9987684-7 1999 However, the EC50 values of bradykinin-induced calcium signal of 23 +/- 8 nM and 29 +/- 17 nM and superoxide radical formation of 64 +/- 22 nM and 34 +/- 29 nM in control and interleukin-1 beta-treated cells, respectively, were not changed. Superoxides 98-108 interleukin-1 beta Cavia porcellus 175-193 10436263-1 1999 Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase is an endogenous scavanger of superoxide radicals (O(2)(*-)) which also induce the synthesis of this enzyme. Superoxides 78-86 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-26 9890314-8 1999 In addition, superoxide production was determined by measuring the capacity to reduce ferri- to ferro-cytochrome C by using 4-beta-phorbol 12-beta-myristate 13-alpha-acetate or N-formyl methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) for stimulus. Superoxides 13-23 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 218-222 9890314-12 1999 Apoptosis correlated inversely with fMLP-stimulated superoxide production (r = -0.60, P = 0.04) and phagocytosis (r = -0.57, P = 0.05). Superoxides 52-62 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 36-40 10385482-5 1999 To solve this problem previously, we established an in vitro model that showed that cultured human mesangial cells (HMC) stimulated with interleukin-1 (IL-1) plus IL-6 can cause mesangial cell proliferation, increasing production of chemical mediators and superoxide anion. Superoxides 256-272 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 163-167 10072715-12 1999 ACE inhibitors enhance endothelial function by a bradykinin-dependent mechanism and probably also by blunting the generation of superoxide anion. Superoxides 128-144 angiotensin I converting enzyme Homo sapiens 0-3 9890397-11 1999 It appears that porcine cerebral arteries are innervated by NO synthase-containing nerves that liberate NO on excitation as a neurotransmitter to produce muscular relaxation, and the nerve function is protected by endogenous SOD from degradation of NO by superoxide anions. Superoxides 255-272 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 225-228 10378869-2 1999 Pretreatment of neurons or astrocytes with TNF caused significant increases in MnSOD activity, and also significantly attenuated 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) induced superoxide accumulation and loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential. Superoxides 166-176 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 43-46 9893134-0 1999 Increased NAD(P)H oxidase-mediated superoxide production in renovascular hypertension: evidence for an involvement of protein kinase C. BACKGROUND: Angiotensin II infusion has been shown to cause hypertension and endothelial dysfunction and to increase superoxide (O-.2) production in vascular tissue, mainly via an activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) [NAD(P)H]-dependent oxidase, the most significant O-.2 source in endothelial and/or smooth muscle cells. Superoxides 35-45 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 148-162 9893134-0 1999 Increased NAD(P)H oxidase-mediated superoxide production in renovascular hypertension: evidence for an involvement of protein kinase C. BACKGROUND: Angiotensin II infusion has been shown to cause hypertension and endothelial dysfunction and to increase superoxide (O-.2) production in vascular tissue, mainly via an activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (phosphate) [NAD(P)H]-dependent oxidase, the most significant O-.2 source in endothelial and/or smooth muscle cells. Superoxides 253-263 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 148-162 10659591-5 1999 Direct activation of PKC by a specific PKC activator, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), induced a remarkable O2- generation and a small MPO release, indicating that PKC may regulate entirely O2- synthesis and partially MPO degranulation. Superoxides 190-192 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 135-138 10095176-4 1999 Following 6 weeks of EPO treatment, in HD patients, the rate of superoxide release from PMNLs as well as WBC and PMNL counts fell significantly when compared with the pretreatment values. Superoxides 64-74 erythropoietin Homo sapiens 21-24 10216433-3 1999 These cells responded to fMLP or PAF with an increase in [Ca2+]i, associated with O2 production. Superoxides 82-84 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 25-29 10216433-4 1999 Deprivation or chelation of extracellular calcium induced a reduction of fMLP or PAF-induced [Ca2+]i rise and O2- production. Superoxides 110-112 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 73-77 10205832-1 1999 At present, photochemical detection of SOD-activity is used in most cases, where superoxide production is based on the NADPH oxidase activity or autooxidation of some substances, for instance, adrenaline. Superoxides 81-91 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 39-42 10095176-5 1999 PMNLs from HD patients and healthy controls incubated in vitro with increasing amounts of EPO displayed a significant reduction in their rates of superoxide release and a significant improvement in survival. Superoxides 146-156 erythropoietin Homo sapiens 90-93 9858522-5 1998 Cytokines produced by these CD4(+) T cells activate eosinophils as well as macrophages that produce both superoxide and nitric oxide. Superoxides 105-115 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 28-31 9841872-12 1998 Pretreatment of the leucocytes with PLA2 inhibitors markedly decreased superoxide production induced by C20:4(n-6). Superoxides 71-81 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 36-40 9841872-0 1998 Activation of phospholipase A2 in human neutrophils by polyunsaturated fatty acids and its role in stimulation of superoxide production. Superoxides 114-124 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 14-30 9851874-9 1998 A specific Src inhibitor, PP1, was shown to completely abrogate the FcgammaR-induced superoxide response, correlating with a decrease in Cbl and Nck tyrosine phosphorylation. Superoxides 85-95 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 11-14 9851874-9 1998 A specific Src inhibitor, PP1, was shown to completely abrogate the FcgammaR-induced superoxide response, correlating with a decrease in Cbl and Nck tyrosine phosphorylation. Superoxides 85-95 neuropeptide Y receptor Y4 Homo sapiens 26-29 9856861-8 1998 SOD1, the enzyme that removes superoxide, did not protect against iron(III)/ascorbate toxicity. Superoxides 30-40 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 9848884-2 1998 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), particularly extracellular SOD (EC-SOD), which accounts for the majority of SOD biological activity, is a major superoxide scavenger. Superoxides 140-150 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 9848884-2 1998 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), particularly extracellular SOD (EC-SOD), which accounts for the majority of SOD biological activity, is a major superoxide scavenger. Superoxides 140-150 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 9848884-2 1998 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), particularly extracellular SOD (EC-SOD), which accounts for the majority of SOD biological activity, is a major superoxide scavenger. Superoxides 140-150 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 41-58 9848884-2 1998 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), particularly extracellular SOD (EC-SOD), which accounts for the majority of SOD biological activity, is a major superoxide scavenger. Superoxides 140-150 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 60-66 9848884-2 1998 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), particularly extracellular SOD (EC-SOD), which accounts for the majority of SOD biological activity, is a major superoxide scavenger. Superoxides 140-150 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 55-58 9820817-8 1998 In contrast, similar experiments performed on the indirect, tyrosine-mediated oxidation of NADPH by MPO showed that a propagation of the free radical chain was occurring, with generation of both O2(-.) Superoxides 195-197 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 100-103 9870562-7 1998 They showed a significant superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitable reduction of cytochrome C by acetoacetate, but not by beta-hydroxybutyrate, suggesting the generation of superoxide anion radicals by acetoacetate. Superoxides 170-195 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 78-90 9817920-2 1998 About 20% of familial cases are associated with mutations in the gene for copper/zinc superoxide dismutase ( SOD1 ), which catalyses the dismutation of the superoxide radical to hydrogen peroxide and oxygen. Superoxides 86-96 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 109-113 10224751-1 1998 OBJECTIVES: A deficiency in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in preeclamptic placentas can lead to an excess of superoxide radicals and may be responsible for the development and the severity of preeclampsia (PE). Superoxides 28-38 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 50-53 9824770-2 1998 Exposure of neutrophils to FMLP (1 microM), the calcium ionophore A23187 (1 microM), and opsonized zymosan (OZ, 0.5 mg/ml) was accompanied by activation of superoxide production and increased concentrations of intracellular cAMP. Superoxides 156-166 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 27-31 9826384-4 1998 At 0.1 to 10 ng/ml, TNF-alpha also increased superoxide anion (O2-) produced by PMNs in response to phorbol myristate acetate, N-formylmethionyl leucyl phenylalanine, and unopsonized hyphae (P < 0.01) but did not exert any effect on PMN phagocytosis of conidia in the presence of serum. Superoxides 45-61 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 20-29 9826384-4 1998 At 0.1 to 10 ng/ml, TNF-alpha also increased superoxide anion (O2-) produced by PMNs in response to phorbol myristate acetate, N-formylmethionyl leucyl phenylalanine, and unopsonized hyphae (P < 0.01) but did not exert any effect on PMN phagocytosis of conidia in the presence of serum. Superoxides 63-65 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 20-29 9826384-5 1998 By comparison, TNF-alpha induced only a slight increase in O2- production by MNCs in response to phorbol myristate acetate (P = 0.05) and no concomitant increase in the percentage of MNC-induced hyphal damage. Superoxides 59-61 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 15-24 9850166-7 1998 Only high concentrations of PAF (10(-5) M) caused an increased rate of PMA-stimulated superoxide production, although lower doses of PAF did reduce the lag time preceding the PMA-induced oxidative burst. Superoxides 86-96 PCNA-associated factor Bos taurus 28-31 9853257-3 1998 The present study was undertaken to investigate whether Ang II may stimulate superoxide anions (O2.) Superoxides 77-94 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 56-62 9856978-4 1998 Pretreatment of HSMCs with dexamethasone for 24 hours attenuated the basal and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AB- and angiotensin II-induced superoxide anion (O2. Superoxides 148-164 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 125-139 9856978-4 1998 Pretreatment of HSMCs with dexamethasone for 24 hours attenuated the basal and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-AB- and angiotensin II-induced superoxide anion (O2. Superoxides 166-168 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 125-139 9853257-3 1998 The present study was undertaken to investigate whether Ang II may stimulate superoxide anions (O2.) Superoxides 96-98 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 56-62 9853257-7 1998 The effects of various inhibitors were tested on Ang II-induced O2. Superoxides 64-66 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 49-55 9853257-13 1998 RESULTS: Ang II stimulated the accumulation of O2. Superoxides 47-49 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 9-15 9853257-20 1998 CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the first evidence, to our knowledge, that Ang II induces O2. Superoxides 91-93 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 76-82 9840743-0 1998 Superoxide electrode based on covalently immobilized cytochrome c: modelling studies. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 53-65 9840743-1 1998 We have recently described an optimised electrode for the detection of enzymatic and cellular superoxide (O2*-) production based on cytochrome c immobilized covalently at a surface-modified gold electrode and applied this system to the study of free radical production by activated human glioblastoma cells. Superoxides 94-104 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 132-144 9840743-1 1998 We have recently described an optimised electrode for the detection of enzymatic and cellular superoxide (O2*-) production based on cytochrome c immobilized covalently at a surface-modified gold electrode and applied this system to the study of free radical production by activated human glioblastoma cells. Superoxides 106-110 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 132-144 9804763-2 1998 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytic cells is a multicomponent system containing a membrane-bound flavocytochrome b and a small G protein Rac as well as cytosolic factors p67(phox) (phagocyte oxidase), p47(phox), and p40(phox), which translocate to the membrane upon activation. Superoxides 4-14 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 163-166 9820546-2 1998 Here we report that peroxynitrite (ONOO-), formed by a reaction of nitric oxide (NO) with superoxide, mediates IL-8 gene expression and IL-8 production in LPS-stimulated human whole blood. Superoxides 90-100 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 111-115 9820546-2 1998 Here we report that peroxynitrite (ONOO-), formed by a reaction of nitric oxide (NO) with superoxide, mediates IL-8 gene expression and IL-8 production in LPS-stimulated human whole blood. Superoxides 90-100 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 136-140 9820546-6 1998 Combination of the NO-generating chemicals with a superoxide-generating system (xanthine/xanthine oxidase) markedly increased IL-8 release. Superoxides 50-60 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 126-130 9849896-1 1998 In human neutrophils, significant agonist-stimulated superoxide anion (O2-) release is observed only after exposure to a priming agent such as TNFalpha. Superoxides 53-69 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 143-151 9849896-1 1998 In human neutrophils, significant agonist-stimulated superoxide anion (O2-) release is observed only after exposure to a priming agent such as TNFalpha. Superoxides 71-73 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 143-151 9849896-3 1998 TNFalpha pretreatment did not affect basal or stimulated Ins(1,4,5)P3 levels but greatly upregulated fMLP-stimulated PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 accumulation, in a manner that matched, both temporally and in magnitude, the increase in O2- generation implying a possible role for PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 in signalling primed O2- release. Superoxides 223-225 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-8 9849896-3 1998 TNFalpha pretreatment did not affect basal or stimulated Ins(1,4,5)P3 levels but greatly upregulated fMLP-stimulated PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 accumulation, in a manner that matched, both temporally and in magnitude, the increase in O2- generation implying a possible role for PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 in signalling primed O2- release. Superoxides 223-225 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 101-105 9849896-3 1998 TNFalpha pretreatment did not affect basal or stimulated Ins(1,4,5)P3 levels but greatly upregulated fMLP-stimulated PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 accumulation, in a manner that matched, both temporally and in magnitude, the increase in O2- generation implying a possible role for PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 in signalling primed O2- release. Superoxides 304-306 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-8 9849896-3 1998 TNFalpha pretreatment did not affect basal or stimulated Ins(1,4,5)P3 levels but greatly upregulated fMLP-stimulated PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 accumulation, in a manner that matched, both temporally and in magnitude, the increase in O2- generation implying a possible role for PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 in signalling primed O2- release. Superoxides 304-306 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 101-105 9827538-0 1998 Origin of superoxide production by endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Superoxides 10-20 nitric oxide synthase 3 Bos taurus 35-68 9827538-1 1998 Using fluorescence optical and electron spin resonance spectroscopy, we have investigated the production of superoxide by bovine endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Superoxides 108-118 nitric oxide synthase 3 Bos taurus 129-162 9827538-3 1998 Thus, calmodulin-mediated enzyme regulation affects production of nitric oxide and superoxide simultaneously and inseparably. Superoxides 83-93 calmodulin Bos taurus 6-16 9851588-8 1998 Enzymatic generation of superoxide during reduction of LY83583 by neuronal NO synthase, P450 reductase or DT-diaphorase was confirmed by electron spin resonance (ESR) experiments. Superoxides 24-34 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 106-119 9795211-6 1998 MG-LDL preparations generated small amounts of superoxide anion radicals as measured by the reduction of cytochrome c, but this was not accompanied by peroxidation of the polyunsaturated fatty acids of MG-LDL. Superoxides 47-72 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 105-117 9797345-6 1998 Inhibition of NADH/NADPH oxidase, which generates superoxide and H2O2, with diphenylene iodonium or apocynin decreased Ang II-induced MCP-1 mRNA accumulation. Superoxides 50-60 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 119-125 9818932-1 1998 Mutations of the SOD1 gene encoding copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) cause an inherited form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Superoxides 48-58 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 17-21 9818932-1 1998 Mutations of the SOD1 gene encoding copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) cause an inherited form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Superoxides 48-58 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 70-77 9794432-2 1998 IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, alone or in combination, caused a significant up-regulation of the NADPH oxidase system as reflected by an enhancement of the PMA-stimulated superoxide release, cytochrome b558 content, and expression of gp91-phox and p47-phox genes on both days 2 and 7 of cell culture. Superoxides 166-176 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 0-9 9820355-10 1998 RESULTS: The sPLA2 acted directly on plasma membrane lipids to stimulate the PMN to produce superoxide and release elastase. Superoxides 92-102 phospholipase A2 group X Homo sapiens 13-18 9815198-6 1998 Superoxide formation was indicated by the approximately 75% regeneration of O2 upon addition of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Superoxides 0-10 catalase Homo sapiens 121-129 9815198-6 1998 Superoxide formation was indicated by the approximately 75% regeneration of O2 upon addition of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Superoxides 76-78 catalase Homo sapiens 121-129 9794432-2 1998 IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha, alone or in combination, caused a significant up-regulation of the NADPH oxidase system as reflected by an enhancement of the PMA-stimulated superoxide release, cytochrome b558 content, and expression of gp91-phox and p47-phox genes on both days 2 and 7 of cell culture. Superoxides 166-176 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 14-23 9794432-6 1998 Indomethacin inhibited only the PMA-stimulated superoxide release of THP-1 cells differentiated with IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha during 7 days. Superoxides 47-57 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 101-110 9794432-6 1998 Indomethacin inhibited only the PMA-stimulated superoxide release of THP-1 cells differentiated with IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha during 7 days. Superoxides 47-57 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 115-124 9870795-9 1998 These results suggest that: (i) the repeated administration of 48/80 induced inflammatory gastric lesions in the rat stomach, mediated by endogenous 5-HT; (ii) NO/iNOS is involved in the pathogenic mechanism of 48/80-induced gastric lesions, in addition to oxyradical formation; and (iii) the deleterious role of NO in this lesion model can be accounted for by a cytotoxic action of peroxynitrite that is formed in the presence of superoxide radicals. Superoxides 431-441 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 163-167 9766529-8 1998 These results lead to a working hypothesis that arsenite-induced apoptosis is triggered by the generation of hydrogen peroxide through activation of flavoprotein-dependent superoxide-producing enzymes (such as NADPH oxidase), and hydrogen peroxide might play a role as a mediator to induce apoptosis through release of cytochrome c to cytosol, activation of CPP32 protease, and PARP degradation. Superoxides 172-182 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 319-331 9766529-8 1998 These results lead to a working hypothesis that arsenite-induced apoptosis is triggered by the generation of hydrogen peroxide through activation of flavoprotein-dependent superoxide-producing enzymes (such as NADPH oxidase), and hydrogen peroxide might play a role as a mediator to induce apoptosis through release of cytochrome c to cytosol, activation of CPP32 protease, and PARP degradation. Superoxides 172-182 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 358-363 9932661-7 1998 Furthermore, superoxide (O2-) generation was measured by cytochrome c reduction. Superoxides 13-23 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 57-69 9932661-7 1998 Furthermore, superoxide (O2-) generation was measured by cytochrome c reduction. Superoxides 25-27 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 57-69 9859861-10 1998 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was used to inhibit superoxide radicals and mannitol to inhibit hydroxyl radicals. Superoxides 47-57 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 9859861-10 1998 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was used to inhibit superoxide radicals and mannitol to inhibit hydroxyl radicals. Superoxides 47-57 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 9780211-9 1998 Finally, anti-CD18 mAb abolished eosinophil superoxide production stimulated with secretory IgA or secretory component but not with serum IgA, suggesting a crucial role for beta2 integrins in eosinophil interactions with secretory IgA or secretory component. Superoxides 44-54 integrin subunit beta 2 Homo sapiens 14-18 9748253-2 1998 It has been previously shown that besides synthesizing nitric oxide (NO), neuronal and inducible NO synthase (NOS) generates superoxide (O-2) under conditions of L-arginine depletion. Superoxides 125-135 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 97-108 9808374-7 1998 3-morpholinosydomine (SIN-1), which releases O2- and NO simultaneously produced a significant dose-dependent relaxation of vascular tension, which pretreatment with hemoglobin did not affect SIN-1-induced relaxation. Superoxides 45-47 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 22-27 9755109-0 1998 O2-induced ENaC expression is associated with NF-kappaB activation and blocked by superoxide scavenger. Superoxides 0-2 sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit gamma Rattus norvegicus 11-15 9755109-0 1998 O2-induced ENaC expression is associated with NF-kappaB activation and blocked by superoxide scavenger. Superoxides 82-92 sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit gamma Rattus norvegicus 11-15 9755109-12 1998 In contrast, the cell-permeable superoxide scavenger tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO) eliminated the O2-induced increases in amiloride-sensitive Isc and ENaC mRNA levels. Superoxides 32-42 sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit gamma Rattus norvegicus 157-161 9755109-12 1998 In contrast, the cell-permeable superoxide scavenger tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO) eliminated the O2-induced increases in amiloride-sensitive Isc and ENaC mRNA levels. Superoxides 105-107 sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit gamma Rattus norvegicus 157-161 9755109-14 1998 We conclude that 1) the O2-induced increase in amiloride-sensitive Isc is reversible and 2) the O2-induced increase in amiloride-sensitive Isc and ENaC mRNA levels is associated with activation of nuclear factor-kappaB and may be mediated, at least in part, by superoxide. Superoxides 24-26 sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit gamma Rattus norvegicus 147-151 9755109-14 1998 We conclude that 1) the O2-induced increase in amiloride-sensitive Isc is reversible and 2) the O2-induced increase in amiloride-sensitive Isc and ENaC mRNA levels is associated with activation of nuclear factor-kappaB and may be mediated, at least in part, by superoxide. Superoxides 96-98 sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit gamma Rattus norvegicus 147-151 9755109-14 1998 We conclude that 1) the O2-induced increase in amiloride-sensitive Isc is reversible and 2) the O2-induced increase in amiloride-sensitive Isc and ENaC mRNA levels is associated with activation of nuclear factor-kappaB and may be mediated, at least in part, by superoxide. Superoxides 261-271 sodium channel epithelial 1 subunit gamma Rattus norvegicus 147-151 9763522-9 1998 Such superoxide molecules stimulate the GTP loading of p21(ras). Superoxides 5-15 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A Homo sapiens 55-58 9744995-0 1998 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase in the formation of superoxide in osteoclasts. Superoxides 72-82 dual oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 0-51 9744995-3 1998 It has been reported that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase is the enzyme responsible for superoxide production in phagocyte; however, the NADPH oxidase present in osteoclasts has not been studied in detail. Superoxides 116-126 dual oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 26-85 9744995-3 1998 It has been reported that nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase is the enzyme responsible for superoxide production in phagocyte; however, the NADPH oxidase present in osteoclasts has not been studied in detail. Superoxides 116-126 dual oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 165-178 9744995-9 1998 Osteoclastic superoxide generation is inhibited by diphenylene iodonium, a specific inhibitor of the NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 13-23 dual oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 101-114 9744995-10 1998 These studies suggest that superoxide generation by osteoclasts correlates with the activity of NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 27-37 dual oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 96-109 10100885-0 1998 Ca2+-independent synergistic augmentation of O2- production by FMLP and PMA in HL-60 cells. Superoxides 45-47 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 63-67 10100885-1 1998 N-Formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) caused a synergistic augmentation of superoxide anion (O2-) production in neutrophil-like HL-60 cells differentiated with dibutyryl cAMP. Superoxides 107-123 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 22-26 10100885-1 1998 N-Formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) caused a synergistic augmentation of superoxide anion (O2-) production in neutrophil-like HL-60 cells differentiated with dibutyryl cAMP. Superoxides 125-127 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 22-26 10100885-4 1998 Although FMLP-induced O2- production was inhibited by BAPTA-AM, a major part of the synergistic augmentation of O2- production by FMLP and PMA remained after BAPTA-AM treatment, suggesting that a Ca2+-independent mechanism might be involved in the augmentation. Superoxides 22-24 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 9-13 10100885-4 1998 Although FMLP-induced O2- production was inhibited by BAPTA-AM, a major part of the synergistic augmentation of O2- production by FMLP and PMA remained after BAPTA-AM treatment, suggesting that a Ca2+-independent mechanism might be involved in the augmentation. Superoxides 112-114 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 130-134 10100885-8 1998 Wortmannin, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, inhibited FMLP-induced O2- production, but it did not inhibit the synergistic augmentation of O2- production by PMA and FMLP. Superoxides 78-80 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 65-69 10100885-11 1998 It is concluded that the synergistic augmentation of O2- production induced by PMA and FMLP is mediated through a PT-sensitive G protein and a protein kinase C in a Ca2+-independent manner. Superoxides 53-55 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 87-91 9766635-9 1998 TNF-alpha and GM-CSF priming of superoxide release stimulated by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine was significantly attenuated by the MEK inhibitor, PD098059, and the p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580. Superoxides 32-42 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-9 9788896-10 1998 Thus, PP1/PP2a appear to be the primary phosphatases for controlling the intensity of the respiratory burst during receptor-elicited superoxide production in AM, whereas PP1/PP2a and PP2b play a role in turning off the respiratory burst. Superoxides 133-143 inorganic pyrophosphatase 1 Homo sapiens 6-9 9793799-8 1998 In the presence of fMLP, blood cells showed a burst of superoxide release, which was significantly more pronounced in patients when compared to healthy controls. Superoxides 55-65 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 19-23 9846011-1 1998 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) rapidly primed human neutrophils for enhanced superoxide (O2-) release, and membrane depolarization stimulated by chemotactic peptide (N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine), interleukin 8, concanavalin A (Con A) and ionomycin. Superoxides 183-193 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-21 9846011-1 1998 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) rapidly primed human neutrophils for enhanced superoxide (O2-) release, and membrane depolarization stimulated by chemotactic peptide (N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine), interleukin 8, concanavalin A (Con A) and ionomycin. Superoxides 195-197 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-21 9759901-2 1998 The actions of a number of these oxidants (e.g., hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite, a reactive oxidant produced by the reaction of nitric oxide and superoxide) are mediated in part by the activation of the nuclear nick sensor enzyme, poly(ADP)-ribose synthetase (PARS), with consequent cellular energy depletion. Superoxides 149-159 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 235-262 9759901-2 1998 The actions of a number of these oxidants (e.g., hydroxyl radical and peroxynitrite, a reactive oxidant produced by the reaction of nitric oxide and superoxide) are mediated in part by the activation of the nuclear nick sensor enzyme, poly(ADP)-ribose synthetase (PARS), with consequent cellular energy depletion. Superoxides 149-159 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 264-268 9766635-9 1998 TNF-alpha and GM-CSF priming of superoxide release stimulated by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine was significantly attenuated by the MEK inhibitor, PD098059, and the p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580. Superoxides 32-42 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 Homo sapiens 141-144 9766635-9 1998 TNF-alpha and GM-CSF priming of superoxide release stimulated by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine was significantly attenuated by the MEK inhibitor, PD098059, and the p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580. Superoxides 32-42 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 174-177 9716559-1 1998 The corpus luteum expresses two enzymes that scavenge superoxide radicals and protect the cells from their toxic activities: cytosolic copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) and mitochondrial manganese-SOD (Mn-SOD). Superoxides 54-64 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 170-179 9778146-7 1998 Superoxide dismutase and catalase, which stabilise NO by removing superoxide anion, ameliorated the potentiation of the NMDA-mediated death of CGC in co-culture with immunostimulated microglia, implying that reactions of NO with superoxide to form peroxynitrite can be implicated in the potentiated neurotoxicity. Superoxides 66-82 catalase Mus musculus 25-33 9778146-7 1998 Superoxide dismutase and catalase, which stabilise NO by removing superoxide anion, ameliorated the potentiation of the NMDA-mediated death of CGC in co-culture with immunostimulated microglia, implying that reactions of NO with superoxide to form peroxynitrite can be implicated in the potentiated neurotoxicity. Superoxides 66-76 catalase Mus musculus 25-33 9848095-2 1998 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is the primary antioxidant enzyme protecting against superoxide radicals produced within mitochondria. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 32-37 9755854-0 1998 Potentiation of nitric oxide synthase expression by superoxide in interleukin 1 beta-stimulated rat mesangial cells. Superoxides 52-62 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 66-84 9755854-1 1998 Exposure of mesangial cells to superoxide, generated by the hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase system or by the redox cycler 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone caused a concentration-dependent amplification of interleukin (IL)-1beta-stimulated nitrite production. Superoxides 31-41 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 203-225 9755854-2 1998 The effect of superoxide was accompanied by an increase in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein and iNOS mRNA levels. Superoxides 14-24 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 59-90 9755854-2 1998 The effect of superoxide was accompanied by an increase in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein and iNOS mRNA levels. Superoxides 14-24 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 92-96 9755854-2 1998 The effect of superoxide was accompanied by an increase in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein and iNOS mRNA levels. Superoxides 14-24 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 110-114 9755854-5 1998 In transient transfection studies, superoxide caused a 10-fold augmentation of iNOS promoter activity in IL-1beta-challenged mesangial cells. Superoxides 35-45 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 79-83 9755854-5 1998 In transient transfection studies, superoxide caused a 10-fold augmentation of iNOS promoter activity in IL-1beta-challenged mesangial cells. Superoxides 35-45 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 105-113 9755854-6 1998 Our data identify superoxide as a co-stimulatory factor amplifying cytokine-induced iNOS gene expression and subsequent nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Superoxides 18-28 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 84-88 9724058-1 1998 Copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) are the two major intracellular enzymes which inactivate superoxide radicals. Superoxides 12-22 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 34-38 9749602-7 1998 Because SOD1 dismutates superoxide to H2O2, overexpression of SOD1 in the presence of developmentally low activities of the catalytic enzymes glutathione peroxidase and catalase leads to an increased production of H2O2, and may explain the increased brain injury observed after hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal SOD1 mice. Superoxides 24-34 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 8-12 9749602-7 1998 Because SOD1 dismutates superoxide to H2O2, overexpression of SOD1 in the presence of developmentally low activities of the catalytic enzymes glutathione peroxidase and catalase leads to an increased production of H2O2, and may explain the increased brain injury observed after hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal SOD1 mice. Superoxides 24-34 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 62-66 9749602-7 1998 Because SOD1 dismutates superoxide to H2O2, overexpression of SOD1 in the presence of developmentally low activities of the catalytic enzymes glutathione peroxidase and catalase leads to an increased production of H2O2, and may explain the increased brain injury observed after hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal SOD1 mice. Superoxides 24-34 catalase Mus musculus 169-177 9749602-7 1998 Because SOD1 dismutates superoxide to H2O2, overexpression of SOD1 in the presence of developmentally low activities of the catalytic enzymes glutathione peroxidase and catalase leads to an increased production of H2O2, and may explain the increased brain injury observed after hypoxia-ischemia in neonatal SOD1 mice. Superoxides 24-34 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 62-66 9724058-1 1998 Copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) are the two major intracellular enzymes which inactivate superoxide radicals. Superoxides 12-22 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 76-80 9741578-2 1998 The formation of peroxynitrite from .NO and O2.- is controlled by superoxide dismutase (SOD), which can lower the concentration of superoxide ions. Superoxides 44-46 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 66-86 9741578-2 1998 The formation of peroxynitrite from .NO and O2.- is controlled by superoxide dismutase (SOD), which can lower the concentration of superoxide ions. Superoxides 44-46 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 88-91 9741578-2 1998 The formation of peroxynitrite from .NO and O2.- is controlled by superoxide dismutase (SOD), which can lower the concentration of superoxide ions. Superoxides 66-76 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 88-91 9741578-14 1998 The biological effects of peroxynitrite also can be prevented by limiting the formation of peroxynitrite from .NO by lowering the concentration of O2.- using SOD or SOD mimics. Superoxides 147-149 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 158-161 9701674-2 1998 The copper-containing enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a key enzyme in suppressing the amounts of superoxide anion radicals. Superoxides 102-118 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 29-49 9701674-2 1998 The copper-containing enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a key enzyme in suppressing the amounts of superoxide anion radicals. Superoxides 102-118 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 51-54 9789410-2 1998 Superoxide anion (O2-) rise six time more on the proestrous, than on other stages, while its regulation enzyme, the superoxide dismutase (SOD), decreases. Superoxides 0-16 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 116-136 9789410-2 1998 Superoxide anion (O2-) rise six time more on the proestrous, than on other stages, while its regulation enzyme, the superoxide dismutase (SOD), decreases. Superoxides 0-16 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 138-141 9825573-4 1998 DESIGN AND METHODS: Assays of superoxide anion release (as reduction of cytochrome C) and cell adhesion (quantified by measuring membrane acid phosphatase) were carried out according to a microplate method whereby both parameters can be evaluated (Bellavite et al., 1992). Superoxides 30-46 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 72-84 9740615-2 1998 We previously showed that angiotensin II (Ang II) increases superoxide production by activating an NADH/NADPH oxidase, which contributes to hypertrophy. Superoxides 60-70 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 26-40 9740615-2 1998 We previously showed that angiotensin II (Ang II) increases superoxide production by activating an NADH/NADPH oxidase, which contributes to hypertrophy. Superoxides 60-70 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 42-48 9796619-5 1998 The observations that both SOD and catalase reduced (in the case of LPC) or totally prevented (in the other cases) the acrosome reaction of capacitated spermatozoa and that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or ROS generated by the combination of xanthine and xanthine oxidase (O2.-, which dismutates to H2O2) triggered the acrosome reaction indicated the involvement of ROS in this process. Superoxides 194-196 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 9741578-14 1998 The biological effects of peroxynitrite also can be prevented by limiting the formation of peroxynitrite from .NO by lowering the concentration of O2.- using SOD or SOD mimics. Superoxides 147-149 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 165-168 9734602-0 1998 Angiotensin II induces superoxide anion production by mesangial cells. Superoxides 23-39 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-14 9734602-5 1998 The studies reported herein were designed to investigate: (a) whether Ang II induces MC O2-production and (b) if increased O2- production elicits growth responses in MC. Superoxides 88-90 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 70-76 9734602-8 1998 RESULTS: Ang II (10(-5) M to 10(-8) M) dose dependently increased MC O2- production up to 125% above control (ED 50 5 x 10(-7) M). Superoxides 69-71 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 9-15 9734602-9 1998 LOS as well as DPI, and the PKC inhibitors blocked Ang II stimulated MC O2- production. Superoxides 72-74 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 51-57 9734602-12 1998 Moreover, LOS, DPI, and the PKC inhibitors each independently inhibited MC 3H-leucine incorporation, thereby establishing the specificity of Ang II induced O2- in driving MC hypertrophy. Superoxides 156-158 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 141-147 9748044-1 1998 This report presents a familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (FALS) patient with widespread vacuoles and hyaline inclusions strongly immunostained with the anti-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) antibody. Superoxides 162-172 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 184-188 9839892-7 1998 These results indicate that complement receptor type 3 (CR3)- and Fc receptor (FcR)-mediated O2 producing activities of neutrophils are clearly different between neonatal calves and cows. Superoxides 93-95 Fc gamma receptor and transporter Bos taurus 66-77 9769225-8 1998 To assess the functional significance of defetilide binding to leukocyte biology, we evaluated fMLP-stimulated superoxide production in the presence or absence of dofetilide. Superoxides 111-121 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 95-99 9756092-11 1998 Thus, Ang II acting on AT1 receptors stimulates superoxide generation, which, in turn, induces expression of P-selectin on the endothelial cell surface. Superoxides 48-58 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 6-12 9689061-12 1998 Our data indicate that modulation of BH4 concentration may regulate the ratio of superoxide to nitric oxide generated by eNOS. Superoxides 81-91 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 121-125 9839892-7 1998 These results indicate that complement receptor type 3 (CR3)- and Fc receptor (FcR)-mediated O2 producing activities of neutrophils are clearly different between neonatal calves and cows. Superoxides 93-95 Fc gamma receptor and transporter Bos taurus 79-82 9689061-0 1998 Superoxide generation by endothelial nitric oxide synthase: the influence of cofactors. Superoxides 0-10 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 25-58 9689061-1 1998 The mechanism of superoxide generation by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was investigated by the electron spin resonance spin-trapping technique using 5-diethoxyphosphoryl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide. Superoxides 17-27 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 42-75 9689061-1 1998 The mechanism of superoxide generation by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was investigated by the electron spin resonance spin-trapping technique using 5-diethoxyphosphoryl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide. Superoxides 17-27 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 77-81 9689061-2 1998 In the absence of calcium/calmodulin, eNOS produces low amounts of superoxide. Superoxides 67-77 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 38-42 9689061-3 1998 Upon activating eNOS electron transfer reactions by calcium/calmodulin binding, superoxide formation is increased. Superoxides 80-90 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 16-20 9689061-7 1998 However, the concomitant addition of L-arginine and tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) abolishes superoxide generation by eNOS. Superoxides 88-98 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 113-117 21781879-2 1998 3-Morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride (SIN-1) produces NO and superoxide anion (O(2)( -)) which results in the formation of peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)). Superoxides 62-78 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 39-44 21781879-2 1998 3-Morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride (SIN-1) produces NO and superoxide anion (O(2)( -)) which results in the formation of peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)). Superoxides 80-84 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 39-44 9744563-2 1998 Recently, we found that priming microglia with interferon (IFN)-gamma or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha resulted in an enhanced production of superoxide anion, a reactive oxygen intermediate that may be pathogenic during brain inflammation. Superoxides 145-161 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 47-69 9744563-2 1998 Recently, we found that priming microglia with interferon (IFN)-gamma or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha resulted in an enhanced production of superoxide anion, a reactive oxygen intermediate that may be pathogenic during brain inflammation. Superoxides 145-161 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 73-106 9744563-5 1998 Maximal inhibition of microglial cell superoxide generation by U50,488 was observed at 10 nM for the priming effect of interferon-gamma and at 1 microM for tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Superoxides 38-48 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 119-135 9744563-5 1998 Maximal inhibition of microglial cell superoxide generation by U50,488 was observed at 10 nM for the priming effect of interferon-gamma and at 1 microM for tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Superoxides 38-48 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 156-183 9767445-0 1998 The regulation of superoxide generation and nitric oxide synthesis by C-reactive protein. Superoxides 18-28 C-reactive protein Rattus norvegicus 70-88 9777410-5 1998 A distinct C1q receptor that triggers superoxide in polymorphonuclear leukocytes has been functionally characterized and designated as C1qRO2-. Superoxides 38-48 CD93 molecule Homo sapiens 11-23 9793837-10 1998 Thionine O, Nile Blue A and LY83583 were redox-cycling substrates producing superoxide ion, detectable by means of cytochrome c reduction, but leading to no loss of glutathione reductase activity, under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. Superoxides 76-86 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 115-127 9745927-9 1998 PKC seems to play a key-role also in cholinergic-induced ROS production superoxide anion being the primary reactive oxygen species. Superoxides 72-88 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 9774172-6 1998 The effects of NO were reversed by addition of the superoxide generating system (xanthine plus xanthine oxidase and catalase), indicating that superoxide is a vital modulator of the action of NO. Superoxides 51-61 catalase Oryctolagus cuniculus 116-124 9774172-6 1998 The effects of NO were reversed by addition of the superoxide generating system (xanthine plus xanthine oxidase and catalase), indicating that superoxide is a vital modulator of the action of NO. Superoxides 143-153 catalase Oryctolagus cuniculus 116-124 9645940-1 1998 Activation of the N-formyl peptide receptor (FPR) of human neutrophils by ligands such as N-formyl-methionine-leucine-phenylalanine (fMLP) induces mobilization of intracellular calcium, cell adhesion, chemotaxis, superoxide production and degranulation. Superoxides 213-223 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 18-43 9645940-1 1998 Activation of the N-formyl peptide receptor (FPR) of human neutrophils by ligands such as N-formyl-methionine-leucine-phenylalanine (fMLP) induces mobilization of intracellular calcium, cell adhesion, chemotaxis, superoxide production and degranulation. Superoxides 213-223 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 45-48 9645940-1 1998 Activation of the N-formyl peptide receptor (FPR) of human neutrophils by ligands such as N-formyl-methionine-leucine-phenylalanine (fMLP) induces mobilization of intracellular calcium, cell adhesion, chemotaxis, superoxide production and degranulation. Superoxides 213-223 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 133-137 9707267-4 1998 Angiotensin II blockade also diminishes the production of superoxide anion, which inactivates ambient nitric oxide. Superoxides 58-74 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-14 9642219-2 1998 Superoxide generation by the neutrophil respiratory burst oxidase (NADPH oxidase) can be reconstituted in a cell-free system using flavocytochrome b558 and the cytosolic proteins p47(phox), p67(phox), and Rac. Superoxides 0-10 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 190-193 9642219-2 1998 Superoxide generation by the neutrophil respiratory burst oxidase (NADPH oxidase) can be reconstituted in a cell-free system using flavocytochrome b558 and the cytosolic proteins p47(phox), p67(phox), and Rac. Superoxides 0-10 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 205-208 9642219-11 1998 In the presence of wild-type p67(phox), the V204A mutant was a potent inhibitor of superoxide generation, and inhibition was partially reversed by high concentrations of p67(phox), but not by p47(phox) or Rac. Superoxides 83-93 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 29-32 9642219-11 1998 In the presence of wild-type p67(phox), the V204A mutant was a potent inhibitor of superoxide generation, and inhibition was partially reversed by high concentrations of p67(phox), but not by p47(phox) or Rac. Superoxides 83-93 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 170-173 9663393-1 1998 Phospholipase D (PLD) activity has been implicated in the regulation of membrane trafficking [1,2], superoxide generation and cytoskeletal remodelling [3,4]. Superoxides 100-110 glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1 Homo sapiens 0-15 9749156-3 1998 On one hand, superoxide anions production is induced by angiotensin II and on the other hand, activated polynuclear neutrophils, through free radicals generation, alter endothelial ACE activity. Superoxides 13-30 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 56-70 9749156-3 1998 On one hand, superoxide anions production is induced by angiotensin II and on the other hand, activated polynuclear neutrophils, through free radicals generation, alter endothelial ACE activity. Superoxides 13-30 angiotensin I converting enzyme Homo sapiens 181-184 9663393-1 1998 Phospholipase D (PLD) activity has been implicated in the regulation of membrane trafficking [1,2], superoxide generation and cytoskeletal remodelling [3,4]. Superoxides 100-110 glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1 Homo sapiens 17-20 9651192-4 1998 Although only VCAM-1 stimulated EOS superoxide anion (O2-) generation, the addition of GM-CSF (100 pM) to the reactions resulted in a greater and equivalent production of O2- with VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. Superoxides 171-173 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 180-186 9651192-4 1998 Although only VCAM-1 stimulated EOS superoxide anion (O2-) generation, the addition of GM-CSF (100 pM) to the reactions resulted in a greater and equivalent production of O2- with VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. Superoxides 36-52 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 14-20 9661561-4 1998 Animals were exposed to 98% oxygen or air for 5 h. Superoxide (HO2) generation was measured in either an aliquot of white blood cells (WBCs) recovered from bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) or from blood. Superoxides 51-61 heme oxygenase 2 Rattus norvegicus 63-66 9721333-3 1998 Reactive O2 species (ROS) can also regulate force generation by vascular smooth muscle through mechanisms including the stimulation of production of vasoactive prostaglandins, the stimulation of sGC by catalase-mediated metabolism of H2O2 and inhibition of sGC activation by superoxide, the activation of protein kinase C, and the modulation of mediator release from the endothelium. Superoxides 275-285 sarcoglycan beta Homo sapiens 195-198 9721333-5 1998 For example, NO-elicited stimulation of sGC can be attenuated by superoxide, and this results in the formation of peroxynitrite (ONOO-). Superoxides 65-75 sarcoglycan beta Homo sapiens 40-43 9721333-7 1998 It appears that NO inhibits catalase through an O2 and superoxide dependent process which results in inhibition of relaxation mediated by H2O2-elicited stimulation of sGC. Superoxides 48-50 sarcoglycan beta Homo sapiens 167-170 9721333-7 1998 It appears that NO inhibits catalase through an O2 and superoxide dependent process which results in inhibition of relaxation mediated by H2O2-elicited stimulation of sGC. Superoxides 55-65 sarcoglycan beta Homo sapiens 167-170 9721335-9 1998 Recent findings suggest that the interactions with superoxide radicals, thiols, and metals (particularly with Fe2+) may be important not only in buffering excess NO produced by NOS-2, but also in channeling it from physiologically to pathophysiologically relevant targets. Superoxides 51-61 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 177-182 9721338-4 1998 The timing of paralleled induction of XO with that of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) indicates efficient simultaneous reaction: NO + O2*- --> ONOO- (peroxynitrite). Superoxides 131-137 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 54-75 9721338-4 1998 The timing of paralleled induction of XO with that of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) indicates efficient simultaneous reaction: NO + O2*- --> ONOO- (peroxynitrite). Superoxides 131-137 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 77-81 9717666-7 1998 Extracellular superoxide production measured by the cytochrome c test did not correlate with intracellular rosamine oxidation: it was maximal in cytochalasin-treated cells and did not require any visible receptor rearrangement. Superoxides 14-24 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 52-64 9733146-9 1998 These results suggest that, during sperm capacitation, Ca2+ induces an elevation in cAMP levels; this cAMP, through undefined serine/threonine protein phosphorylation, stimulates the generation of superoxide anion, which, in turn, causes the increase in p105/81 phosphotyrosine contents. Superoxides 197-213 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 254-258 9624165-2 1998 Rac1 and Rac2 are specifically required for superoxide formation by components of the NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 44-54 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 9-13 9796506-3 1998 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is responsible for the dismutation of the superoxide radicals into hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. Superoxides 69-79 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 9796506-3 1998 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is responsible for the dismutation of the superoxide radicals into hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. Superoxides 69-79 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 9702785-1 1998 Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), a ubiquitously expressed enzyme, detoxifies superoxide radicals and participates in copper homeostasis. Superoxides 75-85 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 0-22 9702785-1 1998 Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), a ubiquitously expressed enzyme, detoxifies superoxide radicals and participates in copper homeostasis. Superoxides 75-85 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 24-28 9699963-11 1998 EC-SOD localization around villous vessels suggests that EC-SOD serves potentially to protect the fetal vasculature from O2-, in both normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies. Superoxides 121-123 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 0-6 9699963-11 1998 EC-SOD localization around villous vessels suggests that EC-SOD serves potentially to protect the fetal vasculature from O2-, in both normal and pre-eclamptic pregnancies. Superoxides 121-123 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 57-63 9642115-1 1998 Rac GTPases regulate activation of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase, a multi-component enzyme complex that produces superoxide in response to host infection. Superoxides 111-121 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 9624128-1 1998 The superoxide generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes consists, in resting cells, of a membrane-associated electron transporting flavocytochrome (cytochrome b559) and four cytosolic proteins as follows: p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase, Rac(1 or 2). Superoxides 4-14 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 214-217 9642137-2 1998 The synthetic L-cystathionine sulfoxide significantly enhanced the superoxide generations induced by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine [fMLP], opsonized zymosan [OZ], arachidonic acid [AA], and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate [PMA]. Superoxides 67-77 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 142-146 9642137-5 1998 On the contrary, CS-II enhanced the superoxide generations induced by fMLP and OZ but not those induced by AA and PMA. Superoxides 36-46 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 70-74 9642137-6 1998 The superoxide generation induced by PMA with CS-I was suppressed by H-7 and was enhanced by genistein, while that by fMLP with CS-II was suppressed by genistein and was enhanced by H-7. Superoxides 4-14 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 118-122 9619504-2 1998 The similar pattern of vulnerability in the spinal cord of mutant superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) transgenic mice and mice treated with excitotoxins supports a role for excitotoxicity in the mechanism of degeneration. Superoxides 66-76 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 88-93 9637711-3 1998 Clinically relevant hypertonicity (10-25 mM) suppressed degranulation and superoxide formation in response to fMLP and blocked the activation of the mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPK) ERK1/2 and p38, but did not affect Ca2+ mobilization. Superoxides 74-84 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 110-114 9647467-17 1998 The present results support a role for ROS, particularly superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, as mediators of the CsA-induced eNOS mRNA up-regulation. Superoxides 57-73 nitric oxide synthase 3 Bos taurus 129-133 9667737-9 1998 In addition, pre-incubation of LTB4 with purified rat hepatic DIG-1 reduced LTB4-stimulated production of superoxide anions in neutrophils, as evidenced by decreased lucigenin-derived chemiluminescence. Superoxides 106-123 prostaglandin reductase 1 Rattus norvegicus 62-67 9624628-1 1998 We examined the effects of the 21-aminosteroid antioxidant U-74389G (16-desmethyl-tirilazad) on the concentration of extracellular superoxide anion following fluid percussion traumatic brain injury (TBI) measured by a cytochrome c-coated electrode and on local cerebral perfusion (CBFld) measured by laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF). Superoxides 131-147 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 218-230 10189055-3 1998 This study evaluated the effects of mammalian tachykinins and selective tachykinin agonists and antagonists on human monocytes isolated from healthy donors: SP, NKA and NKB all evoked a dose-dependent superoxide anion (O2-) production and the NK2 selective agonist [beta-Ala8]-NKA(4-10) induced a full response. Superoxides 201-217 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 157-159 9605167-9 1998 Additionally, CSaRAM and CSaRAD inhibited binding of 125I-labeled recombinant human C5a to neutrophil membranes (Ki = 79 and 2 pM, respectively), C5a-stimulated neutrophil intracellular calcium mobilization (8 and 13 nM), CD11b integrin up-regulation (10 and 1 nM), superoxide generation (182 and 282 nM), lysozyme release (1 and 2 microM), and chemotaxis (11 and 7 microM). Superoxides 266-276 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 84-87 10189055-3 1998 This study evaluated the effects of mammalian tachykinins and selective tachykinin agonists and antagonists on human monocytes isolated from healthy donors: SP, NKA and NKB all evoked a dose-dependent superoxide anion (O2-) production and the NK2 selective agonist [beta-Ala8]-NKA(4-10) induced a full response. Superoxides 201-217 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 161-164 10189055-3 1998 This study evaluated the effects of mammalian tachykinins and selective tachykinin agonists and antagonists on human monocytes isolated from healthy donors: SP, NKA and NKB all evoked a dose-dependent superoxide anion (O2-) production and the NK2 selective agonist [beta-Ala8]-NKA(4-10) induced a full response. Superoxides 219-221 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 157-159 10189055-3 1998 This study evaluated the effects of mammalian tachykinins and selective tachykinin agonists and antagonists on human monocytes isolated from healthy donors: SP, NKA and NKB all evoked a dose-dependent superoxide anion (O2-) production and the NK2 selective agonist [beta-Ala8]-NKA(4-10) induced a full response. Superoxides 219-221 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 161-164 10189055-3 1998 This study evaluated the effects of mammalian tachykinins and selective tachykinin agonists and antagonists on human monocytes isolated from healthy donors: SP, NKA and NKB all evoked a dose-dependent superoxide anion (O2-) production and the NK2 selective agonist [beta-Ala8]-NKA(4-10) induced a full response. Superoxides 219-221 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 277-280 9582295-3 1998 In such studies 3-morpholinosydnonimine N-ethylcarbamide (SIN-1), a compound that simultaneously releases nitric oxide (.NO) and superoxide (O-2), is often used as a source for peroxynitrite. Superoxides 129-139 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 58-63 9593776-8 1998 Nitrotyrosine concentration, an in vivo marker of the peroxynitrite production by nitric oxide and superoxide anion, was significantly higher in the myocardium of the IL-1beta group than in that of the control group or the group cotreated with dexamethasone or aminoguanidine. Superoxides 99-115 interleukin 1 beta Canis lupus familiaris 167-175 9565547-3 1998 The present research shows that superoxide is produced by mitochondria isolated from apoptotic cells due to a switch from the normal 4-electron reduction of O2 to a 1-electron reduction when cytochrome c is released from mitochondria. Superoxides 32-42 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 191-203 9565547-3 1998 The present research shows that superoxide is produced by mitochondria isolated from apoptotic cells due to a switch from the normal 4-electron reduction of O2 to a 1-electron reduction when cytochrome c is released from mitochondria. Superoxides 157-159 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 191-203 9565547-4 1998 Bcl-2, a protein that protects against apoptosis and blocks cytochrome c release, prevents superoxide production when it is overexpressed. Superoxides 91-101 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 0-5 9565547-4 1998 Bcl-2, a protein that protects against apoptosis and blocks cytochrome c release, prevents superoxide production when it is overexpressed. Superoxides 91-101 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 60-72 9588900-6 1998 An acute dose of CCl4 caused a transient production of superoxide radicals at 24 hours into pericentral necrotic areas, whereas HSC appearance and expression of collagen mRNA were detectable only at 48 and 72 hours. Superoxides 55-74 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 17-21 9612230-2 1998 3-Morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) was used to concurrently generate nitric oxide (.NO) and superoxide (O2-. Superoxides 89-99 MAPK associated protein 1 L homeolog Xenopus laevis 25-30 9612230-2 1998 3-Morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) was used to concurrently generate nitric oxide (.NO) and superoxide (O2-. Superoxides 101-103 MAPK associated protein 1 L homeolog Xenopus laevis 25-30 9673409-3 1998 The relative potency of PMNs to produce the superoxide anion (O2-) was measured as the reduction of color intensity by addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 44-60 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 131-151 9673409-3 1998 The relative potency of PMNs to produce the superoxide anion (O2-) was measured as the reduction of color intensity by addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 44-60 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 153-156 9673409-3 1998 The relative potency of PMNs to produce the superoxide anion (O2-) was measured as the reduction of color intensity by addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 62-64 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 131-151 9673409-3 1998 The relative potency of PMNs to produce the superoxide anion (O2-) was measured as the reduction of color intensity by addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 62-64 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 153-156 9673409-4 1998 When the PMNs were cultured in conventional RPMI1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), the stimulation effect of TNF on O2- generation by PMNs was observed only for the first 6 hours. Superoxides 141-143 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 134-137 10076523-4 1998 Recent evidence indicates that, in addition to its bactericidal activity, superoxide seems to function as a signal-transduction messenger, mediating the downstream effects of Ras and Rac in nonphagocytic cells. Superoxides 74-84 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 183-186 9630365-16 1998 In conclusion, tissue Cu/Zn SOD inhibition elicited a selective lesion in basal endothelial function in rat isolated aortic smooth muscle, consistent with the inactivation of basal NO by superoxide anion. Superoxides 187-203 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 22-31 9626590-4 1998 On a per nanomole cytochrome P450 basis, CYP3A4 was the most active P450 evaluated in catalyzing NADPH oxidation, production of superoxide anion radical, NADPH-dependent chemiluminescence, oxidation of dichlorofluorescein diacetate, and reduction of either ferric-EDTA or ferric-citrate. Superoxides 128-152 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 41-47 9702532-10 1998 Quantitation of the superoxide radical was accomplished, with good agreement, by two techniques: the cytochrome c reduction and the ESR quantitation based on the double integration of the first derivative of the ESR signal. Superoxides 20-38 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 101-113 9653671-1 1998 Several reports have emphasized that aged polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) exhibit an impairment of superoxide anion (O2-) generation when triggered with formyl-methionyl-leucine-phenylalanine (FMLP) in comparison to the younger counterpart. Superoxides 97-113 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 191-195 9612300-9 1998 A reaction between NO and superoxide would produce peroxynitrite, which could then react with the eNOS protein, resulting in enzyme inactivation. Superoxides 26-36 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 98-102 9556559-1 1998 We report that exposure of aconitase to moderate concentrations of peroxynitrite, 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1; a superoxide- and nitric oxide-liberating substance), or hydrogen peroxide, inhibits the enzyme and enhances susceptibility to proteolytic digestion by the isolated 20 S proteasome. Superoxides 116-126 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 107-112 9556559-3 1998 It should be noted that the superoxide and nitric oxide liberated by SIN-1 decomposition react to form a steady flux of peroxynitrite. Superoxides 28-38 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 69-74 9556634-7 1998 Bax increased the level of superoxide anion as measured by the expression of superoxide-dependent promoter. Superoxides 27-43 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 0-3 9556634-7 1998 Bax increased the level of superoxide anion as measured by the expression of superoxide-dependent promoter. Superoxides 27-37 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 0-3 9556634-9 1998 It is proposed that trace amounts of Bax increase oxygen consumption, triggering generation of superoxide, which affects DNA, leading to bacterial death. Superoxides 95-105 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 37-40 9653671-1 1998 Several reports have emphasized that aged polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) exhibit an impairment of superoxide anion (O2-) generation when triggered with formyl-methionyl-leucine-phenylalanine (FMLP) in comparison to the younger counterpart. Superoxides 115-117 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 191-195 9571241-6 1998 In addition, a grx1 mutant was sensitive to oxidative stress induced by the superoxide anion, whereas a strain that lacked GRX2 was sensitive to hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 76-92 dithiol glutaredoxin GRX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 15-19 9672898-6 1998 The superoxide anion O2- is the principle agent of oxidative stress and both the cytochrome b5 and the ubiquinone reductase enzymes were semi-purified from sheep liver and shown to produce appreciable amounts of superoxide. Superoxides 4-14 cytochrome b5 Ovis aries 81-94 9642682-2 1998 Previously, neurofilament conglomerates were immunolabeled for both superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and nitrotyrosine, suggesting the potential for oxidative nitration damage to neurofilament protein by peroxynitrite. Superoxides 68-78 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 90-94 9672898-9 1998 We conclude that neuroleptic medication reduces the expression of both the ubiquinone and cytochrome b5 reductase and among the effects of this reduction is a decrease in the production of neurotoxic superoxide. Superoxides 200-210 cytochrome b5 Ovis aries 90-103 9539776-7 1998 However, in the transgenic hearts with overexpression of SOD1 the burst of superoxide generation was almost totally quenched, and this was accompanied by a 2-fold increase in the recovery of contractile function, a 2.2-fold decrease in infarct size, and a greatly improved recovery of high energy phosphates compared with that in nontransgenic controls. Superoxides 75-85 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 57-61 9587414-10 1998 The superoxide anion (O2-) also stimulated ERK1/2 activity. Superoxides 4-20 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 43-49 9539776-8 1998 These results demonstrate that superoxide is an important mediator of postischemic injury and that increasing intracellular SOD1 dramatically protects the heart from this injury. Superoxides 31-41 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 124-128 9529106-3 1998 The data showed that human neutrophils pretreated with TNF for 10 to 30 min, displayed significantly enhanced superoxide production in response to LPS (from either Escherichia coli K-235 or E. coli O127:B8), measured as lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence (CL), seen as an increase in the initial peak rate as well as the total CL accumulated over the incubation period. Superoxides 110-120 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 55-58 9635370-3 1998 METHODS: Stimulus induced superoxide anion (O2-) production in response to PMA (200 ng/mL), fMLP (1 mumol/L), platelet activating factor (PAF, 2 mumol/L) priming of the fMLP induced response, and opsonized zymosan OZ (1 mg/mL) was measured. Superoxides 26-42 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 92-96 9635370-3 1998 METHODS: Stimulus induced superoxide anion (O2-) production in response to PMA (200 ng/mL), fMLP (1 mumol/L), platelet activating factor (PAF, 2 mumol/L) priming of the fMLP induced response, and opsonized zymosan OZ (1 mg/mL) was measured. Superoxides 26-42 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 169-173 9635370-3 1998 METHODS: Stimulus induced superoxide anion (O2-) production in response to PMA (200 ng/mL), fMLP (1 mumol/L), platelet activating factor (PAF, 2 mumol/L) priming of the fMLP induced response, and opsonized zymosan OZ (1 mg/mL) was measured. Superoxides 44-46 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 92-96 9555838-3 1998 We thus hypothesized that circulating lipid products, generated by sPLA2 cleavage of intravasated bone marrow, prime PMNs for enhanced superoxide anion (O2-) production. Superoxides 135-151 phospholipase A2 group X Homo sapiens 67-72 9555838-3 1998 We thus hypothesized that circulating lipid products, generated by sPLA2 cleavage of intravasated bone marrow, prime PMNs for enhanced superoxide anion (O2-) production. Superoxides 153-155 phospholipase A2 group X Homo sapiens 67-72 9555838-5 1998 After formyl-methionyleucylphenylalanine (fMLP) activation, O2- production was quantified by the superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of cytochrome c. Superoxides 60-62 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 143-155 9555838-8 1998 RESULTS: PMNs incubated with sPLA2-lysed bone marrow were primed for more than 3.5 times greater fMLP-induced O2- production. Superoxides 110-112 phospholipase A2 group X Homo sapiens 29-34 9516486-1 1998 Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) is believed to play a major role in the first line of antioxidant defense by catalyzing the dismutation of superoxide anion radicals to form hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. Superoxides 151-176 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 34-42 9529158-2 1998 We have previously reported that lactosylceramide (LacCer), a ubiquitous GSL, stimulates NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide generation by aortic smooth muscle cells and their consequent proliferation. Superoxides 113-123 cathepsin A Homo sapiens 73-76 9586797-4 1998 Herbimycin A and genistein decreased the fMLP- and OZ-induced superoxide generations after priming by Pro-Pro. Superoxides 62-72 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 41-45 9586797-12 1998 Prednisolone improves the ulcers, and this compound decreased the fMLP- and OZ-induced superoxide generation and tyrosyl phosphorylation of 45 kDa protein in the patient"s neutrophils after priming by Pro-Pro. Superoxides 87-97 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 66-70 9497319-4 1998 Kinetic analysis showed that the degradation of S-nitrosothiols in the presence of superoxide proceeded at second order rate constants of 76,900 M-1 s-1 (S-nitrosocysteine) and 12,800 M-1 s-1 (S-nitrosoglutathione), respectively, with a stoichiometric ratio of 1 mol of S-nitrosothiol per 2 mol of superoxide. Superoxides 83-93 tumor associated calcium signal transducer 2 Homo sapiens 145-152 9497319-4 1998 Kinetic analysis showed that the degradation of S-nitrosothiols in the presence of superoxide proceeded at second order rate constants of 76,900 M-1 s-1 (S-nitrosocysteine) and 12,800 M-1 s-1 (S-nitrosoglutathione), respectively, with a stoichiometric ratio of 1 mol of S-nitrosothiol per 2 mol of superoxide. Superoxides 83-93 tumor associated calcium signal transducer 2 Homo sapiens 184-191 9592707-5 1998 Control of coronary vasomotor tone and proliferation processes within the vessel wall are both determined by the redox equilibrium of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide radicals (O2-), induced by angiotensin II. Superoxides 156-166 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 194-208 9513905-0 1998 TNF-alpha increases albumin permeability of isolated rat glomeruli through the generation of superoxide. Superoxides 93-103 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 0-9 9513905-10 1998 It is concluded that TNF-alpha derived from glomerular or extraglomerular sources can increase glomerular P(albumin) through generation of superoxide and may lead to proteinuria. Superoxides 139-149 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 21-30 9501855-12 1998 The large amounts of EC-SOD in the sclera and cornea may be related to the risk for photochemical production of superoxide in these tissues. Superoxides 112-122 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 21-27 9570746-9 1998 SOD prevented sperm capacitation triggered by the inducers mentioned above, but only when SOD was added at the beginning of incubation, and not after 30 minutes, indicating that the O2.- initiates a chain of early events leading to sperm capacitation. Superoxides 182-184 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 9570746-9 1998 SOD prevented sperm capacitation triggered by the inducers mentioned above, but only when SOD was added at the beginning of incubation, and not after 30 minutes, indicating that the O2.- initiates a chain of early events leading to sperm capacitation. Superoxides 182-184 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 90-93 9498791-3 1998 We show that neutrophils that have experienced an intracellular calcium rise obtained through interaction with the calcium-specific ionophore ionomycin are "primed" with respect to the FMLP-induced production of superoxide anions. Superoxides 212-229 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 185-189 9498791-7 1998 We show that a rapid termination of FMLP-induced superoxide anion production is obtained in both desensitizable and nondesensitizable neutrophils, suggesting that the desensitization phenomenon is of limited importance in the oxidase termination process. Superoxides 49-65 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 36-40 9655092-5 1998 PMN .O2- production was measured by a cytochrome c reduction assay in the presence or absence of either phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA, 0.4 microgram/ml) or N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP, 1 microM) and also after priming with 2000 nM platelet-activating factor (PAF) followed by activation with either PMA or FMLP. Superoxides 5-7 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 204-208 9655092-5 1998 PMN .O2- production was measured by a cytochrome c reduction assay in the presence or absence of either phorbol 12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA, 0.4 microgram/ml) or N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP, 1 microM) and also after priming with 2000 nM platelet-activating factor (PAF) followed by activation with either PMA or FMLP. Superoxides 5-7 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 331-335 9468506-0 1998 A role for superoxide in protein kinase C activation and induction of long-term potentiation. Superoxides 11-21 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 25-41 9468506-2 1998 It is known that reactive oxygen species, including superoxide, are produced by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation in neurons, and recent studies have suggested that some reactive oxygen species can modulate PKC in vitro. Superoxides 52-62 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 214-217 9468506-3 1998 Thus, we have investigated the role of superoxide in both the induction of LTP and the activation of PKC during LTP. Superoxides 39-49 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 101-104 9468506-5 1998 The effects of superoxide on LTP induction may involve PKC, as we observed that superoxide was required for appropriate modulation of PKC activation during the induction of LTP. Superoxides 15-25 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 55-58 9468506-5 1998 The effects of superoxide on LTP induction may involve PKC, as we observed that superoxide was required for appropriate modulation of PKC activation during the induction of LTP. Superoxides 15-25 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 134-137 9468506-5 1998 The effects of superoxide on LTP induction may involve PKC, as we observed that superoxide was required for appropriate modulation of PKC activation during the induction of LTP. Superoxides 80-90 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 55-58 9468506-5 1998 The effects of superoxide on LTP induction may involve PKC, as we observed that superoxide was required for appropriate modulation of PKC activation during the induction of LTP. Superoxides 80-90 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 134-137 9468506-6 1998 In this respect, superoxide appears to work in conjunction with nitric oxide, which was required for a portion of the LTP-associated changes in PKC activity as well. Superoxides 17-27 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 144-147 9468506-7 1998 Our observations indicate that superoxide and nitric oxide together regulate PKC in a physiologic context and that this type of regulation occurs during the induction of LTP in the hippocampus. Superoxides 31-41 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 77-80 9461621-2 1998 Anionic amphiphiles, such as arachidonate, activate the superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase in a cell-free system with human neutrophil membrane, which contains cytochrome b558 comprising gp91(phox) and p22(phox), and three cytosolic proteins: p47(phox) and p67(phox), each harboring two SH3 domains, and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 56-66 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 267-270 9469462-5 1998 Inhibition of the cellular p38 MAP kinase activation almost completely abolished the TNF-alpha-stimulated IL-8 production and superoxide generation of human neutrophils. Superoxides 126-136 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 27-30 9469462-5 1998 Inhibition of the cellular p38 MAP kinase activation almost completely abolished the TNF-alpha-stimulated IL-8 production and superoxide generation of human neutrophils. Superoxides 126-136 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 85-94 9469462-6 1998 In addition, the FMLP-induced neutrophil chemotaxis as well as superoxide generation were suppressed markedly by inhibiting the activation of cellular p38 MAP kinase, but not p44/42 MAP kinase. Superoxides 63-73 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 17-21 9469462-6 1998 In addition, the FMLP-induced neutrophil chemotaxis as well as superoxide generation were suppressed markedly by inhibiting the activation of cellular p38 MAP kinase, but not p44/42 MAP kinase. Superoxides 63-73 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 151-165 9461621-2 1998 Anionic amphiphiles, such as arachidonate, activate the superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase in a cell-free system with human neutrophil membrane, which contains cytochrome b558 comprising gp91(phox) and p22(phox), and three cytosolic proteins: p47(phox) and p67(phox), each harboring two SH3 domains, and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 56-66 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 331-334 9452441-1 1998 Nitric oxide (NO), a physiologically important activator of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), is synthesized from L-arginine and O2 in a reaction catalyzed by NO synthases (NOS). Superoxides 127-129 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 157-169 9452441-7 1998 The NO/O-2 donor SIN-1 caused only a slight accumulation of cGMP in the absence of GSH but was almost as effective as DEA/NO in the presence of the thiol. Superoxides 7-10 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 17-22 9551717-7 1998 Inhibition of reactive oxygen species by superoxide dismutase and/or catalase, which decompose O2-. Superoxides 95-97 catalase Homo sapiens 69-77 9541643-12 1998 Examination using cytochrome c suggest that superoxide was generated from 2,5-DMHF. Superoxides 44-54 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 18-30 9484979-11 1998 High EC-SOD expression in the arterial wall may be required not only to prevent deleterious effects of superoxide anion but also to preserve NO activity and prevent peroxynitrite formation. Superoxides 103-119 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 5-11 9514602-5 1998 In addition, verapamil inhibited superoxide anion when human neutrophils were stimulated by PMA, fMLP, dioctanoylglycerol (DiC8), Ca.I or by opsonised zymosan (OZ). Superoxides 33-49 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 97-101 9438552-1 1998 We have demonstrated using the reduction of cytochrome c, that the keratinocyte cell line H357 generates superoxide at significant rates (8.36 nmol/h/10[6] cells). Superoxides 105-115 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 44-56 9438552-3 1998 Superoxide production was increased more than twofold following preincubation with IL-1beta, or by the addition of the Ca2+ ionophore, Ionomycin. Superoxides 0-10 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 83-91 9645394-3 1998 The inhibitors of the iNOS pathway, aminoguanidine and NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), suppressed the production of .NO and enhanced the steady-state concentration of O2.- determined. Superoxides 170-172 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 22-26 9645394-4 1998 Conversely, superoxide dismutase (SOD) scavenged the O2.- released and increased the .NO-derived nitrite concentration detected. Superoxides 53-55 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 12-32 9645394-4 1998 Conversely, superoxide dismutase (SOD) scavenged the O2.- released and increased the .NO-derived nitrite concentration detected. Superoxides 53-55 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 34-37 9498504-6 1998 Superoxide generation was measured by cytochrome c reduction, elastase release was measured by cleavage of methoxysuccinyl-ala-ala-pro-val-p-nitroanilide, and CD11b was measured by fluorescent monoclonal antibody staining. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 38-50 9461097-14 1998 Superoxide anion and nitrotyrosine generating cells were also found at all time points, but were most abundantly present at four days after perfusion, coinciding with the peak in iNOS expression. Superoxides 0-16 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 179-183 9521488-2 1998 Bradykinin stimulated the secretion of superoxide radical, arachidonic acid and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) via the bradykinin B2 receptor subtype in peritoneal macrophages, indicated by complete inhibitory effect of the bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist HOE 140. Superoxides 39-57 B2 bradykinin receptor Cavia porcellus 112-134 9427721-1 1998 Activation of human peripheral blood neutrophils by pathogens or by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), fMLP, or myeloid growth factors generates a respiratory burst in which superoxide production plays an important role in killing invading microorganisms. Superoxides 172-182 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 101-105 9438558-1 1998 In vitro studies have demonstrated that mercaptoethylguanidine (MEG), a selective inhibitor of the inducible NO synthase (iNOS), is also effective as a scavenger of peroxynitrite (a potent cytotoxic oxidant produced by the reaction of NO and superoxide). Superoxides 242-252 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 99-120 9438558-1 1998 In vitro studies have demonstrated that mercaptoethylguanidine (MEG), a selective inhibitor of the inducible NO synthase (iNOS), is also effective as a scavenger of peroxynitrite (a potent cytotoxic oxidant produced by the reaction of NO and superoxide). Superoxides 242-252 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 122-126 9427721-7 1998 In contrast, genistein inhibited fMLP-induced superoxide production, but had little effect on the PMA-induced response, while staurosporine differentially inhibited PMA-induced superoxide production. Superoxides 46-56 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 33-37 9543282-5 1998 Superoxide anion release was measured by a spectrophotometric method based on the superoxide dismutase (SOD) -inhibitable reduction of ferricytochrome C by blood monocytes from untreated patients and asthmatics treated with i.v., inhaled and oral corticosteroids. Superoxides 0-16 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 82-102 9435318-4 1998 LPS pretreatment increased superoxide (O2-) generation nearly 10-fold in response to N-formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine (fMLP). Superoxides 27-37 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 126-130 9435318-4 1998 LPS pretreatment increased superoxide (O2-) generation nearly 10-fold in response to N-formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine (fMLP). Superoxides 39-41 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 126-130 9435318-8 1998 However, PMNs treated sequentially with LPS and fMLP showed a three- to sixfold increase (compared with either agent alone) in plasma membrane-associated p47-phox, p67-phox, and Rac2, and translocation paralleled augmented O2- generation by intact PMNs. Superoxides 223-225 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 48-52 9551934-1 1998 Arachidonic acid (AA) released from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is important as a substrate for eicosanoid formation and as a second messenger for superoxide anion (O2-) generation in neutrophils. Superoxides 169-185 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 62-78 9551934-1 1998 Arachidonic acid (AA) released from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is important as a substrate for eicosanoid formation and as a second messenger for superoxide anion (O2-) generation in neutrophils. Superoxides 169-185 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 80-84 9551934-1 1998 Arachidonic acid (AA) released from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is important as a substrate for eicosanoid formation and as a second messenger for superoxide anion (O2-) generation in neutrophils. Superoxides 187-189 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 62-78 9551934-1 1998 Arachidonic acid (AA) released from membrane phospholipids by phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is important as a substrate for eicosanoid formation and as a second messenger for superoxide anion (O2-) generation in neutrophils. Superoxides 187-189 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 80-84 9551934-10 1998 These data suggest that Aroclor 1242 and A23187 activate distinct isoforms of PLA2 that are linked to different functions: Aroclor 1242 activates a calcium-independent PLA2 that releases AA for the generation of O2-, and A23187 activates a calcium-dependent PLA2 that mobilizes AA for eicosanoid production. Superoxides 212-214 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 78-82 9551934-10 1998 These data suggest that Aroclor 1242 and A23187 activate distinct isoforms of PLA2 that are linked to different functions: Aroclor 1242 activates a calcium-independent PLA2 that releases AA for the generation of O2-, and A23187 activates a calcium-dependent PLA2 that mobilizes AA for eicosanoid production. Superoxides 212-214 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 168-172 9551934-10 1998 These data suggest that Aroclor 1242 and A23187 activate distinct isoforms of PLA2 that are linked to different functions: Aroclor 1242 activates a calcium-independent PLA2 that releases AA for the generation of O2-, and A23187 activates a calcium-dependent PLA2 that mobilizes AA for eicosanoid production. Superoxides 212-214 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 168-172 9779168-1 1998 To analyze the effect of lecithinized superoxide dismutase (SOD) on superoxide accumulation after traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats, we studied the SOD activity by NBT-reducing method and the expression of Cu,Zn-SOD mRNA by Northern blot analysis. Superoxides 38-48 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 60-63 9779168-6 1998 These results support the hypothesis that superoxide anions may play an important role in the development of brain edema after TBI, and that leciyhinized SOD appears to prevent brain edema through a protective effect against superoxide anions. Superoxides 225-242 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 154-157 9423851-7 1998 Antibodies against the gamma chain of the IL-2 receptor and, to a lesser extent, against the beta chain partially abrogated the IL-15-mediated enhanced superoxide production. Superoxides 152-162 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 42-46 9423860-1 1998 Meningococcal sodC encodes periplasmic copper- and zinc-cofactored superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn SOD) which catalyzes the conversion of the superoxide radical anion to hydrogen peroxide, preventing a sequence of reactions leading to production of toxic hydroxyl free radicals. Superoxides 138-162 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 14-18 9423860-1 1998 Meningococcal sodC encodes periplasmic copper- and zinc-cofactored superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn SOD) which catalyzes the conversion of the superoxide radical anion to hydrogen peroxide, preventing a sequence of reactions leading to production of toxic hydroxyl free radicals. Superoxides 138-162 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 89-98 9423860-6 1998 These data support a role for meningococcal Cu,Zn SOD in protection against exogenous superoxide. Superoxides 86-96 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 44-53 9414487-3 1998 The catalytic efficiency of the complexes for dismutation of superoxide radicals depends on the particular anion liganded to Cu(II) ion in the complexes, and the order of potency was observed to be ClO4 > Cl > NO3 in phosphate buffer at pH 7.40. Superoxides 61-71 NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist Homo sapiens 216-219 9443792-7 1998 Osteoclast superoxide production, monitored kinetically by cytochrome c reduction and histochemically by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction staining, was significantly greater in the presence of 121F, but not 29C, Fab treatment. Superoxides 11-21 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 59-71 9412501-4 1998 Sod2 -/+ mice demonstrated a prominent increase in O2- production under normal physiological conditions and in ischemia, as evidenced by specific oxidation of a fluorescent probe, hydroethidine, reflecting decreased activity of Mn-SOD. Superoxides 51-53 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 0-4 9422377-5 1998 Catalase effectively reduced C-DCDHF-DA but not HEt fluorescence, whereas SOD reduced HEt but not C-DCDHF-DA fluorescence, indicating that HEt and C-DCDHF-DA fluorescence correlated with O2- and hydrogen peroxide, respectively. Superoxides 187-189 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 74-77 9603282-7 1998 Added enzymatic antioxidants, superoxide dismutase or catalase, scavenging superoxide anions and H2O2, suppressed this enhanced proliferation. Superoxides 75-92 catalase Homo sapiens 54-62 9816701-6 1998 The cytosolic [Ca2+] and protein kinase C responses were highly upregulated along with enhanced superoxide production in the early phase of burn injury. Superoxides 96-106 carbonic anhydrase 2 Rattus norvegicus 15-18 9654608-13 1998 In additional to activation of neutrophils in preeclampsia, there may be involvement of the interleukin-6 and endothelin-1 in "priming" neutrophils for subsequent superoxide production. Superoxides 163-173 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 92-105 9654608-13 1998 In additional to activation of neutrophils in preeclampsia, there may be involvement of the interleukin-6 and endothelin-1 in "priming" neutrophils for subsequent superoxide production. Superoxides 163-173 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 110-122 9425254-1 1997 The cytosolic proteins p47phox and p67phox, each containing two SH3 domains, are required for activation of the superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase in a cell-free system with human neutrophil membrane and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 112-122 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 231-234 9704061-2 1997 TNF stimulates neutrophil adherence, degranulation, and superoxide production, but inhibits neutrophil migration. Superoxides 56-66 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-3 9455977-1 1997 Mutations of the SOD1 gene, which encodes the enzyme copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, are associated with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Superoxides 65-75 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 17-21 9488002-6 1997 Chemically generated superoxide also induced expression of nitric oxide synthase possibly due to direct activation of the nuclear transcription factor NF kappa B, an effect prevented by both an antioxidant and TGF beta 1 pretreatment. Superoxides 21-31 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 210-220 9548461-2 1997 Our previous work in human myeloid cells showed that ligation of CD38 with mAbs (HB-7 and T-16; IgG1 subclass) not only induced protein-tyrosine phosphorylation but also potentiated superoxide generation stimulated by G protein-coupled receptors. Superoxides 182-192 immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 1 (G1m marker) Mus musculus 96-100 9415643-6 1997 We measured the generation of superoxide by cytochrome c reduction and myeloperoxidase (MPO) dependent products using peak luminol chemiluminescence. Superoxides 30-40 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 44-56 9543282-5 1998 Superoxide anion release was measured by a spectrophotometric method based on the superoxide dismutase (SOD) -inhibitable reduction of ferricytochrome C by blood monocytes from untreated patients and asthmatics treated with i.v., inhaled and oral corticosteroids. Superoxides 0-16 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 104-107 9348345-6 1997 Mutant SOD-expressing PC12 cells had higher rates of superoxide (O2-) production under a variety of conditions. Superoxides 53-63 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 7-10 9396461-6 1997 Administration of superoxide dismutase and catalase revealed that O2- but not H2O2, was mitogenic to VSMCs, whereas H2O2 was responsible for VSMC death. Superoxides 66-68 catalase Rattus norvegicus 43-51 9366432-3 1997 Other IL-8-induced biologic functions, such as superoxide generation, intracellular Ca2+ mobilization, and enzyme release were also reduced in hamycin-treated cells by 50 to 75%. Superoxides 47-57 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 6-10 9366435-5 1997 Both PD098059 and SB203580 inhibited FMLP-stimulated superoxide release, as did inhibitors directed against protein kinase C, tyrosine kinases, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Superoxides 53-63 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 9401546-4 1997 Other effects of GH on the immune system appear to be direct, such as priming monocytes for enhanced production of hydrogen peroxide in response to phorbol esters, and stimulating neutrophils to secrete superoxide anions associated with enhanced phagocytic activity. Superoxides 203-220 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 17-19 9343365-0 1997 Activation of liver mitochondrial phospholipase A2 by superoxide. Superoxides 54-64 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 34-50 9372693-6 1997 In addition, [SP-C]2 induced increased superoxide anion release at an early phase (6 to 12 h) and an increase in glutathione content at 24 h of incubation. Superoxides 39-55 surfactant protein C Rattus norvegicus 14-18 9372693-7 1997 At 3 d after incubation, cellular glutathione and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content were significantly decreased in cells treated with [SP-C]2, [SP-C]2 was presumed to cause early cell death through increased formation of superoxide anion and the subsequent derangement of cellular metabolism. Superoxides 225-241 surfactant protein C Rattus norvegicus 139-143 9372693-7 1997 At 3 d after incubation, cellular glutathione and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content were significantly decreased in cells treated with [SP-C]2, [SP-C]2 was presumed to cause early cell death through increased formation of superoxide anion and the subsequent derangement of cellular metabolism. Superoxides 225-241 surfactant protein C Rattus norvegicus 148-152 9363374-2 1997 Increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and subsequent elevation of nitric oxide (NO) levels at inflammatory sites have led to the suggestion that peroxynitrite (the reaction product of superoxide and NO) is involved in pro-inflammatory processes. Superoxides 209-219 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 24-55 9363374-2 1997 Increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and subsequent elevation of nitric oxide (NO) levels at inflammatory sites have led to the suggestion that peroxynitrite (the reaction product of superoxide and NO) is involved in pro-inflammatory processes. Superoxides 209-219 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 57-61 9369274-0 1997 Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition alters nitric oxide and superoxide release in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Superoxides 65-75 angiotensin I converting enzyme Rattus norvegicus 0-29 9428622-8 1997 Interestingly, these vascular consequences of in vivo NTG treatment such as superoxide production and PKC activation can be mimicked in vitro by incubating cultured endothelial and smooth muscle cells with angiotensin II. Superoxides 76-86 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 206-220 9350664-0 1997 Recombinant human erythropoietin enhances superoxide production by FMLP-stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes in hemodialysis patients. Superoxides 42-52 erythropoietin Homo sapiens 18-32 9350664-0 1997 Recombinant human erythropoietin enhances superoxide production by FMLP-stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes in hemodialysis patients. Superoxides 42-52 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 67-71 9350664-4 1997 The in vivo study showed that rHuEPO therapy for 12 weeks enhanced the superoxide production by FMLP-stimulated PMNs (P < 0.01). Superoxides 71-81 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 96-100 9350664-8 1997 However, preincubation of rHuEPO enhanced superoxide production from FMLP- and STZ-stimulated PMNs. Superoxides 42-52 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 69-73 9350664-9 1997 Our results indicate that rHuEPO enhanced FMLP-stimulated superoxide production of PMNs both in vivo and in vitro in hemodialysis patients, which may be responsible for the increased oxidant stress in hemodialysis patients after rHuEPO therapy. Superoxides 58-68 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 42-46 9343365-7 1997 This suggests that superoxide anion stimulates phospholipase A2 which is prevented by superoxide scavenging agents and PLA2 inhibitors. Superoxides 19-35 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 47-63 9343365-7 1997 This suggests that superoxide anion stimulates phospholipase A2 which is prevented by superoxide scavenging agents and PLA2 inhibitors. Superoxides 19-35 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 119-123 9343365-7 1997 This suggests that superoxide anion stimulates phospholipase A2 which is prevented by superoxide scavenging agents and PLA2 inhibitors. Superoxides 19-29 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 47-63 9343365-7 1997 This suggests that superoxide anion stimulates phospholipase A2 which is prevented by superoxide scavenging agents and PLA2 inhibitors. Superoxides 19-29 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 119-123 9337212-0 1997 Platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated superoxide anion production modulates activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB and expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in human aortic smooth muscle cells. Superoxides 42-58 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 115-124 9370364-1 1997 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytic cells is a multicomponent system containing a membrane-bound flavocytochrome b and a small G protein Rac as well as cytosolic factors p67phox, p47phox and p40phox which translocate to the membrane upon activation. Superoxides 4-14 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 163-166 9345297-3 1997 The superoxide radical generated was completely scavenged by SOD during the late phase of TSH-treatment, presumably as an adaptive measure to check the oxygen burst. Superoxides 4-22 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 61-64 9337212-11 1997 This PDGF-induced O2.- production may be involved in vascular lesion formation by mediating, at least in part, NF-kappaB activation and MCP-1 induction. Superoxides 18-20 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 111-120 9335413-9 1997 The results suggest that A beta deposition in coronary resistance arteries causes endothelial damage that is mediated through superoxide radicals. Superoxides 126-136 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 25-31 9375974-10 1997 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), which catalyzes the conversion of superoxide anion to H2O2 had no significant effect on LTB4 production by human neutrophils. Superoxides 62-78 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 9375974-10 1997 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), which catalyzes the conversion of superoxide anion to H2O2 had no significant effect on LTB4 production by human neutrophils. Superoxides 62-78 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 9313805-2 1997 In the human placenta, SOD may prevent excessive superoxide accumulation and any potential deleterious oxidative effects. Superoxides 49-59 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 23-26 9386357-3 1997 The PAM model suggested that TNF-alpha and GM-CSF could activate PAM to restrict the intracellular growth of the bacteria, probably not through the superoxide anion release, but through the myeloperoxidasae-halide system. Superoxides 148-164 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 29-38 9425624-8 1997 Our results suggest that: (1) the repeated administration of 5-HT induced inflammatory gastric lesions in the rat stomach; (2) iNOS is upreguated during 5-HT treatment, and NO produced by iNOS contributes to development of gastric lesions in response to 5-HT, in addition to the oxyradical formation, and (3) the deleterious role of NO in this model may be accounted for by a cytotoxic action of peroxynitrite that is formed in the presence of NO and superoxide radicals. Superoxides 451-461 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 127-131 9402301-1 1997 Superoxide, an agent which attenuates the half-life of nitric oxide, is metabolized and synthesized by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and xanthine oxidase, respectively. Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 103-123 9402301-1 1997 Superoxide, an agent which attenuates the half-life of nitric oxide, is metabolized and synthesized by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and xanthine oxidase, respectively. Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 125-128 9402301-11 1997 These results show that the pregnant uterus is capable of both synthesizing and degrading superoxide and suggest that superoxide dismutase and xanthine oxidase may play a role in the maintenance of uterine quiescence during pregnancy, but not in the initiation of parturition. Superoxides 90-100 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 118-138 9425624-8 1997 Our results suggest that: (1) the repeated administration of 5-HT induced inflammatory gastric lesions in the rat stomach; (2) iNOS is upreguated during 5-HT treatment, and NO produced by iNOS contributes to development of gastric lesions in response to 5-HT, in addition to the oxyradical formation, and (3) the deleterious role of NO in this model may be accounted for by a cytotoxic action of peroxynitrite that is formed in the presence of NO and superoxide radicals. Superoxides 451-461 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 188-192 9333325-0 1997 Endothelial nitric oxide synthase-dependent superoxide generation from adriamycin. Superoxides 44-54 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 0-33 9333325-7 1997 Adriamycin binds to eNOS with a Km of approximately 5 microM, as calculated from both eNOS-dependent NADPH consumption and superoxide generation. Superoxides 123-133 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 20-24 9333325-10 1997 A consequence of eNOS-mediated reductive activation of adriamycin is the disruption of the balance between nitric oxide and superoxide. Superoxides 124-134 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 17-21 9310121-1 1997 We have demonstrated recently that methotrexate (MTX) inhibits superoxide generation and chemotaxis induced by N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) in neutrophils primed by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). Superoxides 63-73 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 151-155 9310121-2 1997 To extend these observations, we examined the in vitro effect of MTX on fMLP-stimulated superoxide generation and chemotaxis in neutrophils primed by either tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) or bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Superoxides 88-98 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 72-76 9310121-3 1997 MTX inhibited superoxide generation and chemotaxis more efficiently in TNF-alpha- or LPS-primed neutrophils than in unprimed neutrophils. Superoxides 14-24 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 71-80 9278333-5 1997 Furthermore, the TGF-beta1-induced M-CSF mRNA expression was inhibited by catalase, but not by superoxide dismutase, suggesting that H2O2 rather than superoxide anion (O2.-) is the primary mediator of the effects of TGF-beta1. Superoxides 150-166 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 17-26 9278333-5 1997 Furthermore, the TGF-beta1-induced M-CSF mRNA expression was inhibited by catalase, but not by superoxide dismutase, suggesting that H2O2 rather than superoxide anion (O2.-) is the primary mediator of the effects of TGF-beta1. Superoxides 135-137 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 17-26 9358529-8 1997 In common with a role for PLA2 and the subsequent release of arachidonic acid (AA), we have demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of PDE-induced superoxide release by the PLA2 inhibitor mepacrine, as well as activation and priming of the fMLP-induced superoxide generation by AA. Superoxides 146-156 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 26-30 9358529-8 1997 In common with a role for PLA2 and the subsequent release of arachidonic acid (AA), we have demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of PDE-induced superoxide release by the PLA2 inhibitor mepacrine, as well as activation and priming of the fMLP-induced superoxide generation by AA. Superoxides 146-156 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 172-176 9358529-8 1997 In common with a role for PLA2 and the subsequent release of arachidonic acid (AA), we have demonstrated dose-dependent inhibition of PDE-induced superoxide release by the PLA2 inhibitor mepacrine, as well as activation and priming of the fMLP-induced superoxide generation by AA. Superoxides 252-262 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 172-176 9294870-1 1997 Key charged residues in Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn SOD) promote electrostatic steering of the superoxide substrate to the active site Cu ion, resulting in dismutation of superoxide to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, Lys-136, along with the adjacent residues Glu-132 and Glu-133, forms a proposed electrostatic triad contributing to substrate recognition. Superoxides 30-40 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 52-61 9305796-4 1997 However, neutrophils exposed to 50 nM calyculin A and the chemotactic peptide formyl-met-leu-phe (FMLP, 100 nM) displayed markedly enhanced O2- production in comparison to cells stimulated with FMLP alone (28.63 +/- 7.00 versus 8.69 +/- 3.69 nmol O2-/1.5 x 10(6) neutrophils/5 min, respectively, n = 18, p < 0.001), with an increased duration of O2- production. Superoxides 140-142 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 98-102 9305796-4 1997 However, neutrophils exposed to 50 nM calyculin A and the chemotactic peptide formyl-met-leu-phe (FMLP, 100 nM) displayed markedly enhanced O2- production in comparison to cells stimulated with FMLP alone (28.63 +/- 7.00 versus 8.69 +/- 3.69 nmol O2-/1.5 x 10(6) neutrophils/5 min, respectively, n = 18, p < 0.001), with an increased duration of O2- production. Superoxides 247-249 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 98-102 9305796-4 1997 However, neutrophils exposed to 50 nM calyculin A and the chemotactic peptide formyl-met-leu-phe (FMLP, 100 nM) displayed markedly enhanced O2- production in comparison to cells stimulated with FMLP alone (28.63 +/- 7.00 versus 8.69 +/- 3.69 nmol O2-/1.5 x 10(6) neutrophils/5 min, respectively, n = 18, p < 0.001), with an increased duration of O2- production. Superoxides 247-249 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 98-102 9365024-7 1997 PUT-SOD administered in combination with PUT-CAT may eliminate both the superoxide radical and the H2O2 produced from the dismutation of superoxide, respectively, and thus prevent the formation of hydroxyl radicals. Superoxides 72-90 catalase Rattus norvegicus 45-48 9365024-7 1997 PUT-SOD administered in combination with PUT-CAT may eliminate both the superoxide radical and the H2O2 produced from the dismutation of superoxide, respectively, and thus prevent the formation of hydroxyl radicals. Superoxides 72-82 catalase Rattus norvegicus 45-48 9264557-4 1997 When cultured cells were subjected to treatment with paraquat to assess their ability to grow in the presence of high levels of superoxide radicals, Sod1-/- cells were 80 times more sensitive and Sod2-/- cells were 12 times more sensitive to paraquat than wild-type cells. Superoxides 128-147 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 149-153 9264557-4 1997 When cultured cells were subjected to treatment with paraquat to assess their ability to grow in the presence of high levels of superoxide radicals, Sod1-/- cells were 80 times more sensitive and Sod2-/- cells were 12 times more sensitive to paraquat than wild-type cells. Superoxides 128-147 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 196-200 9268712-0 1997 Tetrahydrobiopterin regulates superoxide and nitric oxide generation by recombinant endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Superoxides 30-40 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 84-117 9268712-2 1997 Recent in vivo studies suggest that NOS III may also be a source of superoxide production, which would limit its role as a NO-producing enzyme. Superoxides 68-78 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 36-43 9268712-3 1997 In the current study we examined both the NO and the superoxide generating potential of recombinant NOS III obtained from a baculovirus/Sf9 expression system. Superoxides 53-63 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 100-107 9268712-4 1997 Using lucigenin chemiluminesence we could indeed demonstrate (superoxide dismutase inhibitable) superoxide production by NOS III. Superoxides 62-72 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 121-128 9268712-7 1997 Superoxide generation by NOS III could be completely inhibited by diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), an inhibitor of the flavin moiety of the enzyme, indicating that this group is a main source of superoxide production by the enzyme. Superoxides 0-10 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 25-32 9268712-7 1997 Superoxide generation by NOS III could be completely inhibited by diphenyleneiodonium (DPI), an inhibitor of the flavin moiety of the enzyme, indicating that this group is a main source of superoxide production by the enzyme. Superoxides 189-199 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 25-32 9268712-10 1997 NOS III thus appears to be a superoxide generating enzyme probably through its flavin moiety, as well as a BH4-dependent NO producing enzyme. Superoxides 29-39 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 0-7 9294870-1 1997 Key charged residues in Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn SOD) promote electrostatic steering of the superoxide substrate to the active site Cu ion, resulting in dismutation of superoxide to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, Lys-136, along with the adjacent residues Glu-132 and Glu-133, forms a proposed electrostatic triad contributing to substrate recognition. Superoxides 101-111 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 24-50 9294870-1 1997 Key charged residues in Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn SOD) promote electrostatic steering of the superoxide substrate to the active site Cu ion, resulting in dismutation of superoxide to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, Lys-136, along with the adjacent residues Glu-132 and Glu-133, forms a proposed electrostatic triad contributing to substrate recognition. Superoxides 101-111 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 52-61 9228059-4 1997 Mutually facilitated binding (EC50) of Rac1 and p67(phox) within the NADPH oxidase complex was demonstrated using steady state kinetic methods measuring NADPH-dependent superoxide generation. Superoxides 169-179 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 48-51 9280288-5 1997 On the other hand, nitric oxide and superoxide generated concomitantly from 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) did not induce appreciable hemolysis, while it converted hemoglobin to methemoglobin extensively. Superoxides 36-46 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 101-106 9245487-7 1997 With respect to control, IL-8 induced biological responses e.g. IL-8 directed migration, intracellular Ca2+ release and superoxide release are significantly reduced by 77%, 94% and 76%, respectively, in presence of MDC. Superoxides 120-130 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 25-29 9213223-3 1997 To quantify the relatively large amount of O2.- generated over a 40-min period by 1 x 10(6) granulocytes/mL, a discontinuous "10-min pulse" method employing cytochrome c was used; 140 nmol O2.- per 1 x 10(6) cells was detected. Superoxides 43-45 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 157-169 9231752-0 1997 Differential vulnerability of the CA1 and CA3 subfields of the hippocampus to superoxide and hydroxyl radicals in vitro. Superoxides 78-88 carbonic anhydrase 3 Homo sapiens 42-45 9231752-2 1997 Cultures exposed to 100 microM duroquinone, a superoxide-generating compound, for 3 h developed CA1-selective lesions over a period of 24 h. The damage accounted for approximately 64% of the CA1 subfield, whereas CA3 showed just 6% damage, a pattern of damage comparable to that observed following hypoxia/ischaemia. Superoxides 46-56 carbonic anhydrase 3 Homo sapiens 213-216 9263993-0 1997 Nitric oxide and superoxide induced p53 and Bax accumulation during mesangial cell apoptosis. Superoxides 17-27 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 36-39 9263993-0 1997 Nitric oxide and superoxide induced p53 and Bax accumulation during mesangial cell apoptosis. Superoxides 17-27 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 44-47 9262168-0 1997 Superoxide free radical and intracellular calcium mediate A beta(1-42) induced endothelial toxicity. Superoxides 0-10 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 58-64 9262168-10 1997 Human aortic endothelial cells are more sensitive to A beta(1-42) than A beta(1-40), via a pathway involving an excess of superoxide free radicals and influx of extracellular calcium. Superoxides 122-132 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 53-59 9262168-10 1997 Human aortic endothelial cells are more sensitive to A beta(1-42) than A beta(1-40), via a pathway involving an excess of superoxide free radicals and influx of extracellular calcium. Superoxides 122-132 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 71-77 9278151-8 1997 The simultaneous generation of superoxide and nitric oxide proved to be as efficient as a bolus of peroxynitrite which supports a possible inactivation of prostacyclin synthase under in vivo conditions. Superoxides 31-41 prostaglandin I2 synthase Homo sapiens 155-176 9236411-11 1997 However, upregulation of eNOS and NO release is associated with a marked concomitant increase of O2- production. Superoxides 97-99 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 25-29 9214459-11 1997 After 24 hours of preservation, superoxide generation was inhibited in the control livers by anti-TNF antiserum, whereas TNF release was not inhibited by superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 32-42 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 98-101 9214459-12 1997 These results suggest that TNF induces superoxide generation by Kupffer cells, which mediates neutrophil accumulation and causes cellular injury in the initial phase of reperfusion. Superoxides 39-49 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 27-30 9299852-4 1997 Superoxide (O2) production was measured by superoxide inhibitable cytochrome c reduction as well as by an NBT densitometric kinetic test. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 66-78 9379906-4 1997 A sodC mutant of S. typhimurium was unimpaired on aerobic growth in rich medium but showed enhanced sensitivity in vitro to the microbicidal action of superoxide. Superoxides 151-161 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 2-6 9299852-4 1997 Superoxide (O2) production was measured by superoxide inhibitable cytochrome c reduction as well as by an NBT densitometric kinetic test. Superoxides 12-14 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 66-78 9219158-0 1997 Neutrophil superoxide release is required for spontaneous and FMLP-mediated but not for TNF alpha-mediated apoptosis. Superoxides 11-21 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 62-66 9271316-1 1997 Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) is reported to cause tissue damage via enhanced neutrophil (PMNL) degranulation, superoxide production and altered PMNL migration. Superoxides 115-125 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-27 9271316-1 1997 Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) is reported to cause tissue damage via enhanced neutrophil (PMNL) degranulation, superoxide production and altered PMNL migration. Superoxides 115-125 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 29-32 9271316-3 1997 Since PTX has been reported to influence TNF-induced PMNL functions, our studies focused on the effects of timing and duration of the presence of PTX on superoxide anion production by PMNL exposed to TNF. Superoxides 153-169 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 200-203 9268748-8 1997 Preincubation on normal neutrophils with the patients" sera caused an increase in their superoxide generation in accordance with the high IL-8 levels in these sera. Superoxides 88-98 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 138-142 9207771-8 1997 Superoxide production was measured by cytochrome C reduction and the enzymatic activity of lysozyme and beta-glucoronidase by optical density measurement of substrate conversion. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 38-50 9219158-7 1997 Formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) stimulation (10(-7) M) resulting in superoxide release of 31.7 +/- 6.1 nmol O2-/30 min (n = 10) also significantly increased the percentage of apoptosis, but at 24 h (P < 0.05). Superoxides 81-91 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 39-43 9219158-7 1997 Formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) stimulation (10(-7) M) resulting in superoxide release of 31.7 +/- 6.1 nmol O2-/30 min (n = 10) also significantly increased the percentage of apoptosis, but at 24 h (P < 0.05). Superoxides 121-123 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 39-43 9219158-9 1997 In conclusion, aging and FMLP-stimulated PMN undergo apoptosis by a superoxide release-dependent pathway, whereas TNF alpha-facilitated apoptosis appears to be unrelated to respiratory burst oxidase activity. Superoxides 68-78 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 25-29 9223548-8 1997 Our results indicate that variabilin is an inhibitor of human secretory and cytosolic PLA2 activities that controls eicosanoid production in vitro and in vivo, inhibits neutrophil degranulation and superoxide generation in vitro and shows anti-inflammatory activity after topical or p.o. Superoxides 198-208 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 86-90 9245567-8 1997 Superoxide generation was determined by superoxide dismutase inhibitive cytochrome c reduction. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 72-84 9256158-3 1997 Since production of O2- in response to fMLP involves GTP-binding proteins and protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), the current study was undertaken to determine whether these signalling pathways are involved in PCB-induced neutrophil activation. Superoxides 20-22 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 39-43 9256158-3 1997 Since production of O2- in response to fMLP involves GTP-binding proteins and protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs), the current study was undertaken to determine whether these signalling pathways are involved in PCB-induced neutrophil activation. Superoxides 20-22 pyruvate carboxylase Homo sapiens 207-210 9256158-4 1997 Neutrophils exposed to Aroclor 1242 or fMLP produced significant O2-. Superoxides 65-67 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 39-43 9256158-5 1997 Pretreatment of intact neutrophils with pertussis toxin or cholera toxin or exposure of permeabilized cells to GDPbetaS significantly inhibited O2- production in fMLP-treated neutrophils but did not alter the response to Aroclor 1242. Superoxides 144-146 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 162-166 9256158-6 1997 Pretreatment with genistein, an inhibitor of PTKs, significantly inhibited O2- production in both Aroclor 1242- and fMLP-treated neutrophils; however, daidzein, a structural analogue of genistein which lacks activity against PTKs, was without effect. Superoxides 75-77 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 116-120 9256158-8 1997 Similar results were obtained with 2,2",4,4"-tetrachlorobiphenyl (2,2",4,4"-TCB), a PCB congener that stimulates O2- production. Superoxides 113-115 pyruvate carboxylase Homo sapiens 84-87 9207771-9 1997 The results showed that AmF, SnF2, or AmF/SnF2 enhanced by two- to three-fold the superoxide release from fMLP-stimulated human neutrophils. Superoxides 82-92 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 106-110 9215025-0 1997 Effect of exogenous nitric oxide and superoxide on interleukin-8 from human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. Superoxides 37-47 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 51-64 9215025-9 1997 Nitric oxide and superoxide have profound effects on IL-8. Superoxides 17-27 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 53-57 9212351-8 1997 Hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions were also involved, as DNA damage was partially inhibited by catalase and, to a lesser extent, by superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 22-39 catalase Rattus norvegicus 101-109 9201267-1 1997 The chemoattractant N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) interacts with neutrophils, generating signals that induce activation of the superoxide anion/hydrogen peroxide-producing NADPH-oxidase. Superoxides 144-160 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 9201267-7 1997 We show that neutrophils treated with okadaic acid are primed with respect to the fMLP-induced production of superoxide anion, and that no desensitization is obtained in toxin-treated cells. Superoxides 109-125 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 82-86 27406959-2 1997 The potentially toxic reduced oxygen intermediates (ROI), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2(.-)), are generated when reduced AOX becomes oxidized by molecular oxygen, raising the possibility for involvement of AOX in pathophysiology. Superoxides 87-103 aldehyde oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 141-144 27406959-2 1997 The potentially toxic reduced oxygen intermediates (ROI), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2(.-)), are generated when reduced AOX becomes oxidized by molecular oxygen, raising the possibility for involvement of AOX in pathophysiology. Superoxides 87-103 aldehyde oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 226-229 9144512-16 1997 Manipulation of the endogenous NO./O2- ratio by exogenous, sublethal S-nitrosoglutathione in addition to cytokines produced death, which was antagonized by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibition. Superoxides 35-37 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 156-187 9144512-16 1997 Manipulation of the endogenous NO./O2- ratio by exogenous, sublethal S-nitrosoglutathione in addition to cytokines produced death, which was antagonized by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) inhibition. Superoxides 35-37 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 189-193 9157996-4 1997 These results suggest that superoxide free radicals or their reaction products are responsible for much of the synergistic cytotoxicity of TNF-alpha and hyperthermia. Superoxides 27-37 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 139-148 9218633-5 1997 The contralateral increase in the amount of the superoxide-scavenging Cu/Zn-SOD indicates that this enzyme is induced by a retrograde reaction carried through callosal connections. Superoxides 48-58 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 70-79 9176213-5 1997 Superoxide was generated by the addition of xanthine with xanthine oxidase, superoxide radicals were scavenged by the addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase or SOD was inhibited by diethyldithiocarbamic acid. Superoxides 0-10 catalase Homo sapiens 162-170 9176213-5 1997 Superoxide was generated by the addition of xanthine with xanthine oxidase, superoxide radicals were scavenged by the addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase or SOD was inhibited by diethyldithiocarbamic acid. Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 174-177 9176213-5 1997 Superoxide was generated by the addition of xanthine with xanthine oxidase, superoxide radicals were scavenged by the addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase or SOD was inhibited by diethyldithiocarbamic acid. Superoxides 76-86 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 130-150 9176213-5 1997 Superoxide was generated by the addition of xanthine with xanthine oxidase, superoxide radicals were scavenged by the addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase or SOD was inhibited by diethyldithiocarbamic acid. Superoxides 76-86 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 152-155 9176213-5 1997 Superoxide was generated by the addition of xanthine with xanthine oxidase, superoxide radicals were scavenged by the addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase or SOD was inhibited by diethyldithiocarbamic acid. Superoxides 76-86 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 174-177 9189053-1 1997 The production of superoxide by the peripheral blood neutrophils of 19 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis was measured during treatment with sulphasalazine (SASP). Superoxides 18-28 aspartic peptidase retroviral like 1 Homo sapiens 164-168 9161920-5 1997 While none of these proteins showed any effects on chemotaxis, lactoferrin-lactoperoxidase and whey protein concentrate were found to have an enhancing effect on superoxide production in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 162-172 lactotransferrin Ovis aries 63-74 9178934-0 1997 Protective effect of transfection with secretable superoxide dismutase (SOD) (a signal sequence-SOD fusion protein coding cDNA) expression vector on superoxide anion-induced cytotoxicity in vitro. Superoxides 149-165 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 50-70 9178934-0 1997 Protective effect of transfection with secretable superoxide dismutase (SOD) (a signal sequence-SOD fusion protein coding cDNA) expression vector on superoxide anion-induced cytotoxicity in vitro. Superoxides 149-165 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 72-75 9178934-14 1997 We then investigated the effect of extracellular SOD secreted from ILSOD-L2 cells on extracellular superoxide anion induced cytotoxicity in normal cells. Superoxides 99-115 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 49-52 9179547-1 1997 Superoxide release in neutrophils and sera levels of interleukin 8 (IL-8) were determined in 15 patients with complicated acute myocardial infarction (MI) and 15 patients with uncomplicated MI. Superoxides 0-10 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 68-72 9152240-9 1997 CONCLUSIONS: Increases in Mn-SOD activity in astroglial cells and microglial/phagocytic cells may contribute to the relative sparing of these cells from injury in EAE, whereas the low level of Mn-SOD in oligodendroglial cells and axons may increase their vulnerability to the effects of superoxide-induced oxidative injury that results in demyelination. Superoxides 287-297 superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Cavia porcellus 26-32 9152240-9 1997 CONCLUSIONS: Increases in Mn-SOD activity in astroglial cells and microglial/phagocytic cells may contribute to the relative sparing of these cells from injury in EAE, whereas the low level of Mn-SOD in oligodendroglial cells and axons may increase their vulnerability to the effects of superoxide-induced oxidative injury that results in demyelination. Superoxides 287-297 superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Cavia porcellus 193-199 9161920-5 1997 While none of these proteins showed any effects on chemotaxis, lactoferrin-lactoperoxidase and whey protein concentrate were found to have an enhancing effect on superoxide production in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 162-172 lactoperoxidase Ovis aries 75-90 9178189-5 1997 Pre-treatment with N-acetylcysteine (33-333 microM) resulted in concentration-related inhibition of superoxide production induced by FMLP (30 nM) or phorbol myristate acetate (16 nM);-log IC50 values were 3.97 +/- 0.07 and 3.91 +/- 0.10, respectively. Superoxides 100-110 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 133-137 9178189-4 1997 FMLP (3-300 nM) and phorbol myristate acetate (160 pm-160 nM) induced concentration-related superoxide anion generation. Superoxides 92-108 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 9224389-5 1997 The mean rate of .O2- production was determined by a cytochrome c reduction assay (nmole .O2-/min/1.33 x 10(5) PMN +/- SEM). Superoxides 18-20 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 53-65 9224389-5 1997 The mean rate of .O2- production was determined by a cytochrome c reduction assay (nmole .O2-/min/1.33 x 10(5) PMN +/- SEM). Superoxides 90-92 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 53-65 9145927-4 1997 SIN-1 releases both nitric oxide and superoxide, which together form peroxynitrite. Superoxides 37-47 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 9178189-13 1997 In conclusion, N-acetylcysteine reduces superoxide generation in response to FMLP and phorbol myristate acetate and partially protects against lipid peroxidation in PMN from man. Superoxides 40-50 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 77-81 9159493-3 1997 After inducing the endogenous NO production with interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) the superoxide anion release was significantly reduced, which was reversed by the inhibition of the NO synthase. Superoxides 115-131 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 49-66 9159493-3 1997 After inducing the endogenous NO production with interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) the superoxide anion release was significantly reduced, which was reversed by the inhibition of the NO synthase. Superoxides 115-131 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 68-76 9159493-3 1997 After inducing the endogenous NO production with interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) the superoxide anion release was significantly reduced, which was reversed by the inhibition of the NO synthase. Superoxides 115-131 interferon gamma Mus musculus 82-98 9159493-3 1997 After inducing the endogenous NO production with interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) the superoxide anion release was significantly reduced, which was reversed by the inhibition of the NO synthase. Superoxides 115-131 interferon gamma Mus musculus 100-109 9133645-3 1997 Cat-SOD exhibited an excellent inhibitory effect on superoxide anion release from the macrophages, and this effect surpassed those of native SOD and SOD modified with mannose (Man-SOD) which is taken up via mannose receptor-mediated endocytosis by macrophages. Superoxides 52-68 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 4-7 9133645-0 1997 Augmented inhibitory effect of superoxide dismutase on superoxide anion release from macrophages by direct cationization. Superoxides 55-71 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 31-51 9133645-2 1997 The inhibitory effect of Cat-SOD on superoxide anion release from inflammatory macrophages and its cellular interaction were studied in vitro. Superoxides 36-52 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 29-32 9133645-5 1997 The intracellular localization of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled SOD, Cat-SOD and Man-SOD observed by confocal laser microscopy supported the difference in their abilities to eliminate superoxide anions. Superoxides 189-199 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 69-72 9133645-5 1997 The intracellular localization of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled SOD, Cat-SOD and Man-SOD observed by confocal laser microscopy supported the difference in their abilities to eliminate superoxide anions. Superoxides 189-199 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 78-81 9133645-5 1997 The intracellular localization of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled SOD, Cat-SOD and Man-SOD observed by confocal laser microscopy supported the difference in their abilities to eliminate superoxide anions. Superoxides 189-199 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 78-81 9133645-7 1997 In conclusion, Cat-SOD is desirable for its pharmacological activity, which is probably the result of its ability to be delivered to the vicinity of NADPH-oxidase which locates in the cell membrane and generates superoxide anions. Superoxides 212-229 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 19-22 9144574-2 1997 Both Sin-1 which yields nitric oxide and peroxynitrite following the generation of superoxide anion plus nitric oxide, and SNAP which generates nitric oxide, induced dose dependent decreases in the colony forming capabilities of the human hepatocytes. Superoxides 83-99 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 5-10 9144574-8 1997 The enhanced levels of Sin-1 cytotoxicity on the hepatocytes is suggested to be due both to the chemical generation of peroxynitrite and superoxide anion by Sin-1. Superoxides 137-153 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 23-28 9144574-8 1997 The enhanced levels of Sin-1 cytotoxicity on the hepatocytes is suggested to be due both to the chemical generation of peroxynitrite and superoxide anion by Sin-1. Superoxides 137-153 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 157-162 9108073-3 1997 Wild-type CuZnSOD catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide (O(2)(-).) Superoxides 47-57 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 10-17 9108073-3 1997 Wild-type CuZnSOD catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide (O(2)(-).) Superoxides 59-63 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 10-17 9108073-9 1997 After treatment with paraquat (PQ), a widely used herbicide and O(2)(-).-generating compound, muscle disability significantly deteriorated in Tg-CuZnSOD mice but not in control mice. Superoxides 64-68 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 142-152 9202724-3 1997 In the present study, we have compared SIN-1, which generates nitric oxide, superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, with two other nitric oxide donors, S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and the tetra-iron-sulphur cluster nitrosyl, Roussin"s black salt (RBS). Superoxides 76-92 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 39-44 9202724-11 1997 The nitric oxide and superoxide anion produced by SIN-1 are though to combine to form highly reactive peroxynitrite. Superoxides 21-37 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 50-55 9131041-1 1997 The superoxide (O2-)-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytic cells is composed of a membrane-bound flavocytochrome (cytochrome b-559) and three cytosolic components, p47-phox, p67-phox, and the small GTPase rac-1 (or 2). Superoxides 4-14 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 175-178 9065490-8 1997 The tyrosine kinases Lyn, Syk, and FAK were activated on exposure of microglia and THP1 monocytes to Abeta, resulting in the tyrosine kinase-dependent generation of superoxide radicals. Superoxides 165-175 LYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 21-24 9166989-14 1997 SOD, but not other scavengers, prevented peroxidation, indicating an obligatory role for superoxide radicals. Superoxides 89-99 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 9167937-1 1997 Human neutrophils (PMN) activated by N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) simultaneously release nitric oxide (.NO), superoxide anion (O2.-) and its dismutation product, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 126-142 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 77-81 9167937-1 1997 Human neutrophils (PMN) activated by N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) simultaneously release nitric oxide (.NO), superoxide anion (O2.-) and its dismutation product, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 144-146 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 77-81 9065490-8 1997 The tyrosine kinases Lyn, Syk, and FAK were activated on exposure of microglia and THP1 monocytes to Abeta, resulting in the tyrosine kinase-dependent generation of superoxide radicals. Superoxides 165-175 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 83-87 9065490-8 1997 The tyrosine kinases Lyn, Syk, and FAK were activated on exposure of microglia and THP1 monocytes to Abeta, resulting in the tyrosine kinase-dependent generation of superoxide radicals. Superoxides 165-175 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 101-106 9066513-4 1997 Attachment alone of neutrophils to endothelial cells appeared to induce activation because elastase release and N-formyl-mentionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced superoxide (O2) production from neutrophils incubated with endothelial cells were greater than from neutrophils only. Superoxides 167-177 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 112-151 9176098-3 1997 After monocytes were primed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) for 18 hr in suspension culture, they produced a high amount of superoxide (O2-) when triggered by phorbol myristate acetate. Superoxides 154-164 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 61-77 9176098-3 1997 After monocytes were primed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) for 18 hr in suspension culture, they produced a high amount of superoxide (O2-) when triggered by phorbol myristate acetate. Superoxides 154-164 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 79-88 9176098-3 1997 After monocytes were primed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) for 18 hr in suspension culture, they produced a high amount of superoxide (O2-) when triggered by phorbol myristate acetate. Superoxides 166-168 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 61-77 9176098-3 1997 After monocytes were primed with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) for 18 hr in suspension culture, they produced a high amount of superoxide (O2-) when triggered by phorbol myristate acetate. Superoxides 166-168 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 79-88 9203381-4 1997 Superoxide anion attains a level of 1 microM min-1 20 min after the start of irradiation as determined by the superoxide dismutase (SOD)-inhibitable reduction of cytochrome c. Superoxides 0-16 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 162-174 9056238-1 1997 When redox cycling of four polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon o-quinones is catalyzed by the 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, autooxidation of the hydroquinone is a free radical chain reaction in which superoxide anion is the propagating species. Superoxides 204-220 hydroxysteroid 17-beta dehydrogenase 7 Homo sapiens 90-126 9057660-3 1997 Using a chemiluminescence assay of oxidase activity, we showed that transduced patient CD34+ progenitors differentiating to myeloid cells in culture produced 25% of the total superoxide produced by normal CD34+ progenitors differentiating in culture. Superoxides 175-185 CD34 molecule Homo sapiens 87-91 9066513-4 1997 Attachment alone of neutrophils to endothelial cells appeared to induce activation because elastase release and N-formyl-mentionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced superoxide (O2) production from neutrophils incubated with endothelial cells were greater than from neutrophils only. Superoxides 167-177 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 153-157 9066513-4 1997 Attachment alone of neutrophils to endothelial cells appeared to induce activation because elastase release and N-formyl-mentionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced superoxide (O2) production from neutrophils incubated with endothelial cells were greater than from neutrophils only. Superoxides 179-181 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 112-151 9066513-4 1997 Attachment alone of neutrophils to endothelial cells appeared to induce activation because elastase release and N-formyl-mentionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced superoxide (O2) production from neutrophils incubated with endothelial cells were greater than from neutrophils only. Superoxides 179-181 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 153-157 9071707-5 1997 Intact Ig of patients with PR3-ANCA or with MPO-ANCA stimulate O2- release from TNF alpha-primed normal PMN (2.6 +/- 3.57 to 15.3 +/- 7.39 nmol O2-/2.5 x 10(6) PMN/30 min). Superoxides 63-65 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 80-89 9062356-9 1997 A specific p38 MAPk inhibitor (SK&F 86002) blocked superoxide anion production in response to FMLP and reduced adhesion and chemotaxis in response to PAF or FMLP. Superoxides 55-71 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 98-102 9048779-6 1997 SIN-1 has been reported to release both NO and superoxide and thereby to rapidly form peroxynitrite (ONOO-). Superoxides 47-57 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 9147366-7 1997 Superoxide generation was measured by cytochrome c reduction and myeloperoxidase (MPO) products by measurement of peak luminol chemiluminescence (CL). Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 38-50 9147366-7 1997 Superoxide generation was measured by cytochrome c reduction and myeloperoxidase (MPO) products by measurement of peak luminol chemiluminescence (CL). Superoxides 0-10 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 65-80 9147366-7 1997 Superoxide generation was measured by cytochrome c reduction and myeloperoxidase (MPO) products by measurement of peak luminol chemiluminescence (CL). Superoxides 0-10 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 82-85 9151285-1 1997 The enzyme Cu-Zn-SOD is a metalloenzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide radical into hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen, being a defense system against free radical formation. Superoxides 78-96 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 11-20 9237246-10 1997 The variability arises from the variability in SOD activity: all H2O2 produced is from O2- due to the action of SOD. Superoxides 67-69 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 47-50 9237246-10 1997 The variability arises from the variability in SOD activity: all H2O2 produced is from O2- due to the action of SOD. Superoxides 67-69 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 112-115 9085276-1 1997 In addition to the usual superoxide dismutation activity, Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) has a peroxidative function that utilizes its own dismutation product, H2O2 as a substrate. Superoxides 25-35 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 58-84 9085276-1 1997 In addition to the usual superoxide dismutation activity, Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) has a peroxidative function that utilizes its own dismutation product, H2O2 as a substrate. Superoxides 25-35 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 86-89 9051619-1 1997 This study examined in the rat anococcygeus muscle the tissue distribution of copper zinc superoxide dismutase, the activity of CuZn SOD, and the role of CuZn SOD in protecting nitric oxide from destruction by superoxide anion. Superoxides 210-226 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 154-162 9029131-9 1997 Moreover, WKYMVm-NH2 is more effective than FMLP in the production of superoxide in human neutrophils. Superoxides 70-80 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 15989628-6 1997 A triple function of PLA2-derived lipid mediators has been suggested: causing immediate inflammatory signs, involvement in secondary processes, e.g., superoxide free radical (O2) generation, apoptosis, or tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-cytotoxicity, and controlling the expression and activation of pivotal proteins implicated in inflammation and cell development, e.g., cytokines, adhesion proteins, proteinases, NF-kappaB, fos/jun/AP-1, c-Myc, or p21ras. Superoxides 150-160 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 21-25 15989628-6 1997 A triple function of PLA2-derived lipid mediators has been suggested: causing immediate inflammatory signs, involvement in secondary processes, e.g., superoxide free radical (O2) generation, apoptosis, or tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-cytotoxicity, and controlling the expression and activation of pivotal proteins implicated in inflammation and cell development, e.g., cytokines, adhesion proteins, proteinases, NF-kappaB, fos/jun/AP-1, c-Myc, or p21ras. Superoxides 175-177 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 21-25 9013592-2 1997 Peroxynitrite, the reaction product of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O-2) is assumed to decompose upon protonation in a first order process via intramolecular rearrangement to NO3-. Superoxides 61-71 NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist Homo sapiens 180-183 9024144-3 1997 We hypothesized that hypertension associated with chronically elevated angiotensin II might be caused in part by vascular .O2- production. Superoxides 123-125 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 71-85 9024144-10 1997 In contrast, angiotensin II-induced hypertension was associated with increased vascular .O2- production, whereas norepinephrine-induced hypertension was not. Superoxides 89-91 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 13-27 9024144-13 1997 CONCLUSIONS: Hypertension caused by chronically elevated angiotensin II is mediated in part by .O2-, likely via degradation of endothelium-derived NO. Superoxides 96-98 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 57-71 9024144-14 1997 Increased vascular .O2- may contribute to vascular disease in high renin/angiotensin II states. Superoxides 20-22 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 73-87 9124377-6 1997 Increasing the intracellular steady-state O2.- concentration by perfusion of control lungs with the Cu and Zn-containing SOD inhibitor diethyldithiocarbamate (1 mM) stimulated light emission up to fourfold, but this spontaneous chemiluminescence was also insensitive to NLA. Superoxides 42-44 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 121-124 9029070-2 1997 Two hundred ninety families were screened for mutations in the gene encoding copper-zinc cytosolic superoxide dismutase (SOD1). Superoxides 99-109 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 121-125 9061311-6 1997 Superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production in neutrophils stimulated with formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) from a further 18 ALF patients was unaffected compared with control neutrophils. Superoxides 0-10 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 114-118 9701045-1 1997 Diethyl dithiocarbamate (DDC) has been used extensively as an inhibitor of CuZn superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the study of superoxide and nitric oxide. Superoxides 80-90 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 102-105 9239716-3 1997 SABP also induces the exposure of mannose ligand receptors on the sperm surface and increases the production of superoxide anion (O2-). Superoxides 112-128 prolactin induced protein Homo sapiens 0-4 9239716-3 1997 SABP also induces the exposure of mannose ligand receptors on the sperm surface and increases the production of superoxide anion (O2-). Superoxides 130-133 prolactin induced protein Homo sapiens 0-4 27414766-6 1997 Superoxide is undoubtedly a physiological substrate for myeloperoxidase. Superoxides 0-10 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 56-71 27414766-8 1997 Superoxide modulates the chlorination and peroxidation activities of myeloperoxidase. Superoxides 0-10 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 69-84 9016819-3 1997 CYP2E1 is also very effective in generating reactive oxygen intermediates such as superoxide radical and H2O2, oxidizing ethanol to the 1-hydroxyethyl radical, and has a high NADPH oxidase activity. Superoxides 82-100 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 9090754-6 1997 The combination of superoxide dismutase and catalase inhibited superoxide anion by approximately 83%, while mannitol resulted in an 87% inhibition of hydroxyl radical. Superoxides 63-79 catalase Homo sapiens 44-52 9016819-10 1997 Associated with loss of CYP2E1 catalytic activity was a decrease in the formation of superoxide radical and H2O2, in microsomal lipid peroxidation catalyzed by low, but not high concentration of iron, and in consumption of NADPH. Superoxides 85-103 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 24-30 9020024-5 1997 Exogenous superoxide dismutase (SOD), a scavenger of O2.-, fully abolished the chemiluminescence response, further supporting this notion. Superoxides 53-55 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 10-30 9020024-5 1997 Exogenous superoxide dismutase (SOD), a scavenger of O2.-, fully abolished the chemiluminescence response, further supporting this notion. Superoxides 53-55 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 32-35 9358904-7 1997 In addition, the blood chemoluminescence (CL) level of patients with ankylosing spondylitis was inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD) but not by catalase, suggesting that superoxide anion is the major component of reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in this assay system. Superoxides 173-189 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 109-129 9358904-7 1997 In addition, the blood chemoluminescence (CL) level of patients with ankylosing spondylitis was inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD) but not by catalase, suggesting that superoxide anion is the major component of reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in this assay system. Superoxides 173-189 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 131-134 23889067-9 1997 It is also possible that cellular generation of superoxide (as might be expected on redox cycling of endogenous quinones following inhibition of DT diaphorase by dicoumarol) may be another source of MTT reduction. Superoxides 48-58 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 145-158 8989903-3 1997 Increase in O2(-)-producing capacity in MPD was also observed when other receptor-mediated agonists such as interleukin-8 and concanavalin A were used, but not when phorbol ester, a direct activator of protein kinase C, was used as the triggering agonist of O2- release. Superoxides 12-14 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 108-121 27396880-5 1997 We propose that CoQ0H2 oxidation occurs as a chain reaction with superoxide as the chain carrier and that SOD inhibits this reaction by lowering the superoxide concentration. Superoxides 149-159 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 106-109 9255350-10 1997 These results indicate that activated Rac, and particularly Rac2, can regulate superoxide production by NADPH oxidase of phagocytic cells through direct interaction with p67phox subunit. Superoxides 79-89 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 38-41 9255350-10 1997 These results indicate that activated Rac, and particularly Rac2, can regulate superoxide production by NADPH oxidase of phagocytic cells through direct interaction with p67phox subunit. Superoxides 79-89 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 60-64 9255350-11 1997 Recently published data suggest that Rac proteins could transduce mitogenic signals in non-phagocytic cells through superoxide production by a phagocytic-related NADPH oxidase enzymatic system which remains to be determined. Superoxides 116-126 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 37-40 9013127-4 1997 Superoxide dismutase and catalase abolish both sperm capacitation and tyrosine phosphorylation of p105 and p81, suggesting the involvement of O2.- and hydrogen peroxide in these two processes. Superoxides 142-144 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 98-102 9018467-4 1997 The results indicate that SOD attenuates intracellular superoxide-mediated toxic effects in guinea pigs infected with L. interrogans. Superoxides 55-65 superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Cavia porcellus 26-29 8989903-3 1997 Increase in O2(-)-producing capacity in MPD was also observed when other receptor-mediated agonists such as interleukin-8 and concanavalin A were used, but not when phorbol ester, a direct activator of protein kinase C, was used as the triggering agonist of O2- release. Superoxides 258-260 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 108-121 9215812-0 1997 How does superoxide dismutase protect against tumor necrosis factor: a hypothesis informed by effect of superoxide on "free" iron. Superoxides 9-19 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 46-67 9378368-8 1997 Finally, light stimulated activities of pure PGHS-1 and PGHS-2 isozymes, and these were also shown to produce superoxide radical (detected with fluorogenic spin trap, proxyl fluorescamine). Superoxides 110-128 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Sus scrofa 56-62 8995740-10 1997 These data indicate that stimulation of JG cells with oxidized LDL and Lp(a) induces formation of O2-, which may stimulate renin release in an autocrine fashion. Superoxides 98-100 renin Homo sapiens 123-128 8995740-11 1997 Renin release can be prevented by HDL, presumably by preventing the formation of O2-. Superoxides 81-84 renin Homo sapiens 0-5 9096262-3 1997 We showed that EP-receptor agonists (PGE1) EP2/EP3 agonist (misoprostol), EP2-receptor agonist (butaprost) and DP-receptor agonist (PGD2) inhibited fMLP-stimulated superoxide production from human blood neutrophils in a concentration-dependent manner. Superoxides 164-174 prostaglandin D2 synthase Homo sapiens 132-136 9180345-6 1997 FMLP significantly increased superoxide anion production in all age-groups, but this effect was further amplified by Li only in PMNs of middle-aged subjects. Superoxides 29-45 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 9199889-3 1997 Free radical exposure did not alter neutral lipids, but among the phospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) content was decreased on exposure to superoxide anion, generated by xanthine-xanthine oxidase or menadione with a concomitant increase in the level of phosphatidic acid (PA), suggesting activation of phospholipase D (PLD). Superoxides 148-164 glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1 Homo sapiens 311-326 9199889-3 1997 Free radical exposure did not alter neutral lipids, but among the phospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) content was decreased on exposure to superoxide anion, generated by xanthine-xanthine oxidase or menadione with a concomitant increase in the level of phosphatidic acid (PA), suggesting activation of phospholipase D (PLD). Superoxides 148-164 glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1 Homo sapiens 328-331 9199889-11 1997 These findings suggest that superoxide anion stimulates intestinal mitochondrial PLD resulting in PE degradation and PA formation. Superoxides 28-44 glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1 Homo sapiens 81-84 8997263-0 1996 IL-1 beta stimulates superoxide and delayed peroxynitrite production by pulmonary vascular smooth muscle cells. Superoxides 21-31 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 0-9 9343828-1 1997 Fc receptor for immunoglobulin G-mediated phagocytosis, superoxide production and intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) signaling of complement receptor type 3 (CR3)-deficient neutrophils from a heifer with leukocyte adhesion deficiency (BLAD) were compared to those of control heifers. Superoxides 56-66 Fc gamma receptor and transporter Bos taurus 0-11 9413891-3 1997 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), a primary antioxidant, accelerates the dismutation of the toxic superoxide radical produced during the oxidative energy processes into the less harmful molecules, hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. Superoxides 92-110 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 9413891-3 1997 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), a primary antioxidant, accelerates the dismutation of the toxic superoxide radical produced during the oxidative energy processes into the less harmful molecules, hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. Superoxides 92-110 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 8954615-3 1996 Pretreatment of murine peritoneal macrophages with either LPS or IFN-gamma suppressed macrophage responsiveness to both PAF-induced calcium mobilization and superoxide anion (O2-) production. Superoxides 157-173 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 58-61 8954615-3 1996 Pretreatment of murine peritoneal macrophages with either LPS or IFN-gamma suppressed macrophage responsiveness to both PAF-induced calcium mobilization and superoxide anion (O2-) production. Superoxides 157-173 interferon gamma Mus musculus 65-74 8954615-3 1996 Pretreatment of murine peritoneal macrophages with either LPS or IFN-gamma suppressed macrophage responsiveness to both PAF-induced calcium mobilization and superoxide anion (O2-) production. Superoxides 175-177 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 58-61 8954615-3 1996 Pretreatment of murine peritoneal macrophages with either LPS or IFN-gamma suppressed macrophage responsiveness to both PAF-induced calcium mobilization and superoxide anion (O2-) production. Superoxides 175-177 interferon gamma Mus musculus 65-74 8954615-7 1996 LPS and IFN-gamma treatment also decreased PAF-induced, calcium-dependent O2- production. Superoxides 74-76 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 0-3 8954615-7 1996 LPS and IFN-gamma treatment also decreased PAF-induced, calcium-dependent O2- production. Superoxides 74-76 interferon gamma Mus musculus 8-17 8954615-8 1996 When added together, IFN-gamma increased the suppression of PAF-induced intracellular calcium mobilization and inhibited O2- production mediated by LPS. Superoxides 121-123 interferon gamma Mus musculus 21-30 8954615-8 1996 When added together, IFN-gamma increased the suppression of PAF-induced intracellular calcium mobilization and inhibited O2- production mediated by LPS. Superoxides 121-123 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 148-151 8982388-1 1996 The superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase consists of membrane-associated cytochrome b558 and cytosolic components, p47-phox and p67-phox. Superoxides 4-14 zona pellucida sperm-binding protein 3 receptor Cavia porcellus 126-129 9017230-4 1996 The sydnonimine SIN-1, which spontaneously decomposes to yield nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion radicals, led to axonal degeneration at concentrations between 1 microM and 10 microM. Superoxides 85-110 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 16-21 8982728-0 1996 In vivo effect of OPC15161, a superoxide scavenger, on anti-Thy1 nephritis. Superoxides 30-40 Thy-1 cell surface antigen Rattus norvegicus 60-64 8961931-1 1996 NADPH-dependent superoxide generation can be reconstituted in a cell-free system using recombinant cytosolic factors (p47-phox, p67-phox, and Rac) plus flavocytochrome b558. Superoxides 16-26 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 128-131 8961931-4 1996 In contrast, low concentrations of isoprenylated Rac1 and Rac2 both supported high rates of superoxide generation. Superoxides 92-102 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 58-62 8997263-2 1996 We now report that an additional effect of IL-1 beta stimulation in RPMSMC is an increase in production of superoxide (O2-) that results in the formation of peroxynitrite (ONOO-). Superoxides 107-117 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 43-52 8997263-2 1996 We now report that an additional effect of IL-1 beta stimulation in RPMSMC is an increase in production of superoxide (O2-) that results in the formation of peroxynitrite (ONOO-). Superoxides 119-121 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 43-52 8997263-3 1996 IL-1 beta produced a rapid (within 1 h) concentration-dependent increase in O2-, as detected by ferricytochrome c reduction and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. Superoxides 76-78 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 0-9 8943870-4 1996 PAF did not stimulate respiratory burst activity directly, but caused a rapid (maximal at 10 minutes) and concentration-dependent (EC50 50.2 nmol/L) increase in N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-stimulated superoxide anion release. Superoxides 219-235 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 202-206 8943870-5 1996 At time-points > 10 minutes, this priming effect spontaneously declined, with return to basal levels of fMLP-stimulated superoxide anion generation by 120 minutes. Superoxides 123-139 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 107-111 8973571-9 1996 Furthermore, the interaction of LPS with cell-surface L-selectin results in superoxide production, indicating that L-selectin can mediate both binding and activation of human neutrophils. Superoxides 76-86 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 32-35 8997524-8 1996 The superoxide anion (O2-) generated by PMNs activated by fMLP is dependent from the extracellular calcium in the medium, whereas O2- production by PMA or OZ stimulated neutrophils was extracellular calcium-independent. Superoxides 4-20 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 58-62 8959161-6 1996 PMNs were activated using N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) (10 mumol), and the production of superoxide (O2-) was measured by the spectrophotometric reduction of cytochrome c. Superoxides 107-117 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 176-188 9013015-1 1996 Cardiopulmonary bypass is thought to injure all endothelial cells, mainly by cell-to-cell interaction with activated granulocytes which, augmented by endothelin-1 (ET-1), enhance the generation of superoxide radicals. Superoxides 197-207 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 150-162 9013015-1 1996 Cardiopulmonary bypass is thought to injure all endothelial cells, mainly by cell-to-cell interaction with activated granulocytes which, augmented by endothelin-1 (ET-1), enhance the generation of superoxide radicals. Superoxides 197-207 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 164-168 8997524-8 1996 The superoxide anion (O2-) generated by PMNs activated by fMLP is dependent from the extracellular calcium in the medium, whereas O2- production by PMA or OZ stimulated neutrophils was extracellular calcium-independent. Superoxides 22-24 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 58-62 8997524-9 1996 These observations suggest that an influx of calcium may play an important role in the production of elastase and in the capacity of PMNs stimulated by fMLP to produce O2- to reverse the PMA and OZ systems. Superoxides 168-170 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 152-156 8979154-4 1996 In elderly subjects superoxide production, in response to fMLP, markedly resulted lower than in young controls both by circulating PMNs (3.6 +/- 2.7 and 9.3 +/- 3.3 nMOLES O2-/10(6) PMN respectively, p < 0.0001) and by exudate PMNs (13.6 +/- 4.3 and 19.4 +/- 6 nMOLES O2-/10(6) PMNs respectively, p < 0.005). Superoxides 20-30 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 58-62 8979154-4 1996 In elderly subjects superoxide production, in response to fMLP, markedly resulted lower than in young controls both by circulating PMNs (3.6 +/- 2.7 and 9.3 +/- 3.3 nMOLES O2-/10(6) PMN respectively, p < 0.0001) and by exudate PMNs (13.6 +/- 4.3 and 19.4 +/- 6 nMOLES O2-/10(6) PMNs respectively, p < 0.005). Superoxides 172-174 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 58-62 8979154-6 1996 The only parameter that we have found to be different between the two groups is the poor superoxide production after fMLP stimulus of PMNs. Superoxides 89-99 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 117-121 8979156-4 1996 Treatment of neutrophils with all 4 macrolides was accompanied by dose-related inhibition of superoxide production by cells activated with FMLP or the calcium ionophore (A23187), while the responses activated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or opsonized zymosan were minimally affected. Superoxides 93-103 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 139-143 8943420-3 1996 Incubation of peritoneal exudate macrophages with LPS and IFN-gamma significantly inhibited the production of elastase by a mechanism independent of nitric oxide, superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 163-173 interferon gamma Mus musculus 58-67 8975882-1 1996 Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), vitamin D3 (VD), and retinoic acid (RA) induce differentiation of human monoblastic leukemia U937 cells to macrophage-like cells with potential superoxide anion-generating activity upon further stimulation. Superoxides 174-190 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 0-16 8975882-1 1996 Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), vitamin D3 (VD), and retinoic acid (RA) induce differentiation of human monoblastic leukemia U937 cells to macrophage-like cells with potential superoxide anion-generating activity upon further stimulation. Superoxides 174-190 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 18-27 8967972-8 1996 Together, these data indicate that mice genetically endowed with increased SOD activity are protected from 2"-NH2-MPTP-induced toxicity, thereby implicating superoxide radicals in the mechanism of action of a neurotoxin that selectively depletes 5-HT and NE without affecting dopamine. Superoxides 157-167 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 75-78 27406670-1 1996 Using various superoxide generating systems and nitroblue tetrazolium or cytochrome c as superoxide detector molecules it is possible to assess the superoxide dismutase activity of proteins. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 148-168 27406670-1 1996 Using various superoxide generating systems and nitroblue tetrazolium or cytochrome c as superoxide detector molecules it is possible to assess the superoxide dismutase activity of proteins. Superoxides 89-99 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 73-85 27406670-1 1996 Using various superoxide generating systems and nitroblue tetrazolium or cytochrome c as superoxide detector molecules it is possible to assess the superoxide dismutase activity of proteins. Superoxides 89-99 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 148-168 8939991-0 1996 The cytosolic component p47(phox) is not a sine qua non participant in the activation of NADPH oxidase but is required for optimal superoxide production. Superoxides 131-141 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 28-32 8939991-1 1996 The superoxide (O-2)-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes is a multicomponent complex consisting of a membrane-associated flavocytochrome (cytochrome b559), bearing the NADPH binding site and two redox centers (FAD and heme) and three cytosolic activating components: p47(phox), p67(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (1 or 2). Superoxides 4-14 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 274-278 8939991-1 1996 The superoxide (O-2)-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes is a multicomponent complex consisting of a membrane-associated flavocytochrome (cytochrome b559), bearing the NADPH binding site and two redox centers (FAD and heme) and three cytosolic activating components: p47(phox), p67(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (1 or 2). Superoxides 4-14 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 281-284 8939991-1 1996 The superoxide (O-2)-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes is a multicomponent complex consisting of a membrane-associated flavocytochrome (cytochrome b559), bearing the NADPH binding site and two redox centers (FAD and heme) and three cytosolic activating components: p47(phox), p67(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (1 or 2). Superoxides 4-14 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 285-289 8939991-1 1996 The superoxide (O-2)-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes is a multicomponent complex consisting of a membrane-associated flavocytochrome (cytochrome b559), bearing the NADPH binding site and two redox centers (FAD and heme) and three cytosolic activating components: p47(phox), p67(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (1 or 2). Superoxides 16-19 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 274-278 8939991-1 1996 The superoxide (O-2)-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes is a multicomponent complex consisting of a membrane-associated flavocytochrome (cytochrome b559), bearing the NADPH binding site and two redox centers (FAD and heme) and three cytosolic activating components: p47(phox), p67(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (1 or 2). Superoxides 16-19 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 281-284 8939991-1 1996 The superoxide (O-2)-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes is a multicomponent complex consisting of a membrane-associated flavocytochrome (cytochrome b559), bearing the NADPH binding site and two redox centers (FAD and heme) and three cytosolic activating components: p47(phox), p67(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (1 or 2). Superoxides 16-19 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 285-289 8939991-9 1996 p47(phox) appears to facilitate or stabilize the interaction of p67(phox) and, possibly, Rac1 with cytochrome b559, and is required for optimal generation of O-2 under physiological conditions. Superoxides 158-161 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 4-8 8939991-9 1996 p47(phox) appears to facilitate or stabilize the interaction of p67(phox) and, possibly, Rac1 with cytochrome b559, and is required for optimal generation of O-2 under physiological conditions. Superoxides 158-161 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 64-73 8920943-1 1996 Tumor necrosis factor alpha mediated cell death in L929 cells correlates with a late increase in reduction of the superoxide scavenger 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), suggesting an increase in MTT reduction per viable cell. Superoxides 114-124 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 0-27 8920943-7 1996 Our results suggest a late increase in superoxide production prior to cellular destruction during TNF and ceramide mediated cell death and support the notion that ceramide can serve as a second messenger for TNF in cell death. Superoxides 39-49 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 98-101 8917499-0 1996 Superoxide-mediated clastogenesis and anticlastogenic effects of exogenous superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 75-95 8917499-3 1996 Increased superoxide production by activated monocytes/macrophages is followed by release of more long-lived metabolites, so-called clastogenic factors, which contain lipid peroxidation products, unusual nucleotides of inosine, and cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha. Superoxides 10-20 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 250-277 8917499-9 1996 The cytochrome c assay showed significantly diminished O2- production by monocytes, pretreated with SOD and washed thereafter. Superoxides 55-57 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 4-16 8917499-9 1996 The cytochrome c assay showed significantly diminished O2- production by monocytes, pretreated with SOD and washed thereafter. Superoxides 55-57 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 100-103 8917499-10 1996 The preferential and rapid binding of SOD to monocytes may be of importance not only for the superoxide-mediated genotoxic effects, described above, but also from a therapeutic standpoint. Superoxides 93-103 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 38-41 8918370-1 1996 An NADPH-oxidase complex containing at least two protein components (gp91-phox and p22-phox) and a unique low redox potential (-245 mV) cytochrome b-245 is the source of superoxide generated for bacterial killing in neutrophils and has been suggested as the oxygen sensor in the carotid body. Superoxides 170-180 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Rattus norvegicus 83-91 8950027-0 1996 Bovine papillomavirus oncoprotein E5 induces the NF kappa B activation through superoxide radicals. Superoxides 79-89 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 49-59 8950027-8 1996 We conclude that the superoxide anion is involved in activation of NF kappa B. Superoxides 21-37 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 67-77 8950038-2 1996 In the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase (HPX-XOD) reaction system, NPH-4 suppressed the production of the superoxide spin adduct, but enhanced that of the hydroxyl radical spin adduct. Superoxides 103-113 neurexophilin 4 Homo sapiens 64-69 8937731-6 1996 Ovalb-induced superoxide generation was measured by reduction of cytochrome C. Superoxides 14-24 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 65-77 8937731-16 1996 The selective PDE 4 inhibitors, denbufylline and rolipram and the corticosteroid, beclomethasone produced a concentration-related inhibition of LTB4 release from eosinophils, TNF-alpha release from monocytes and superoxide generation from alveolar macrophages whilst having no effect on histamine release from mast cells. Superoxides 212-222 phosphodiesterase 4A Homo sapiens 14-19 8933168-2 1996 IFN-alpha administration gave rise to a modulation of oxidative response in "R" group only, since these individuals displayed an O2- release by suspended and adherent PMN which fell within normal values. Superoxides 129-131 interferon alpha 1 Homo sapiens 0-9 8930166-5 1996 Our pharmacological study suggests that, in neutrophil-like HL-60 cells, the signaling pathways leading to PMA-stimulated O2- generation appear to involve PKC, MAPK, phospholipase A2, arachidonic acid, PSP 1 and 2a and PTP. Superoxides 122-124 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 166-182 8960464-8 1996 The lack of myeloperoxidase activity is compensated for by an increased phagocytic activity, an increased production of superoxide anion (lucigenin-chemiluminescence) and probably by an alternative metabolism of H2O2; since persons lacking myeloperoxidase activity do not normally suffer from severe infections, H2O2 is obviously metabolized to other reactive oxygen substrates than HOCl, e.g. to OH-radicals. Superoxides 120-136 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 12-27 8892651-0 1996 The loss of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and recombinant human TNF-alpha priming effects on the superoxide-generating response in exudated neutrophils is associated with a decrease in their receptor affinities. Superoxides 123-133 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 90-99 8892651-1 1996 Several cytokines are known to enhance FMLP-stimulated superoxide generation in human circulating blood neutrophils through binding to their specific receptors, a process referred to as the priming effect. Superoxides 55-65 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 39-43 8892651-2 1996 The priming effects produced by recombinant human granulocyte CSF (rhGCSF) and TNF-alpha (rhTNF-alpha) on FMLP-stimulated superoxide production in human and rabbit blood neutrophils were compared with their effects in their respective tissue neutrophils, i.e., human salivary and rabbit peritoneal neutrophils. Superoxides 122-132 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 79-88 8892651-2 1996 The priming effects produced by recombinant human granulocyte CSF (rhGCSF) and TNF-alpha (rhTNF-alpha) on FMLP-stimulated superoxide production in human and rabbit blood neutrophils were compared with their effects in their respective tissue neutrophils, i.e., human salivary and rabbit peritoneal neutrophils. Superoxides 122-132 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 106-110 8892651-4 1996 Both rhGCSF and rhTNF-alpha produced dose-dependent priming effects on FMLP-stimulated superoxide production in human blood neutrophils, whereas they failed to produce any priming effects in human salivary neutrophils. Superoxides 87-97 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 71-75 8892651-7 1996 These findings suggest that tissue neutrophils are less responsive to rhGCSF and rhTNF-alpha in the modulation of FMLP-stimulated superoxide generation. Superoxides 130-140 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 114-118 8930166-2 1996 The following agents inhibited phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated O2- generation significantly in the all-trans retinoic acid-treated HL-60 cells (expressed as percentage of control, P < .05): 1) PKC inhibitors: staurosporine (100 nM, 3 +/- 1%); Ro 31-8220 (1 microM, 3 +/- 2%); sphingosine (100 microM, 15 +/- 7%); 2) PSP 1 and 2a inhibitors, okadaic acid (10 microM, 35 +/- 1%); calyculin A (10 microM, 73 +/- 1%); 3) MAPK inhibitor: SB-203580 (100 microM, 62 +/- 1%); 4) PTP inhibitors: phenylarsine oxide (1 microM, 12 +/- 9%); diamide (1 mM, 21 +/- 11%); and 5) secretory phospholipase A2 inhibitors: manoalide (1 microM, 24 +/- 10%); scalaradial (1 microM, 11 +/- 4%). Superoxides 74-76 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 588-604 8976075-4 1996 Neutrophils were isolated from human venous blood and their O2- production was measured by the cytochrome C reduction method. Superoxides 60-62 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 95-107 8957234-7 1996 We concluded that CGRP receptor stimulation reduces substance-P-induced O2- production by the inhibition of IP3-induced transient increase in [Ca2+]i, probably via the phosphorylation of IP3 receptor by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Superoxides 72-74 calcitonin related polypeptide alpha Homo sapiens 18-22 8957234-0 1996 Inhibitory effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide on substance-P-induced superoxide production in human neutrophils. Superoxides 77-87 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 57-68 8957234-1 1996 We examined the mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on substance-P-induced superoxide anion (O2-) production in human neutrophils. Superoxides 118-134 calcitonin related polypeptide alpha Homo sapiens 56-87 8957234-1 1996 We examined the mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on substance-P-induced superoxide anion (O2-) production in human neutrophils. Superoxides 118-134 calcitonin related polypeptide alpha Homo sapiens 89-93 8957234-1 1996 We examined the mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on substance-P-induced superoxide anion (O2-) production in human neutrophils. Superoxides 118-134 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 98-109 8957234-1 1996 We examined the mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on substance-P-induced superoxide anion (O2-) production in human neutrophils. Superoxides 136-138 calcitonin related polypeptide alpha Homo sapiens 56-87 8957234-1 1996 We examined the mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on substance-P-induced superoxide anion (O2-) production in human neutrophils. Superoxides 136-138 calcitonin related polypeptide alpha Homo sapiens 89-93 8957234-1 1996 We examined the mechanisms of the inhibitory effects of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) on substance-P-induced superoxide anion (O2-) production in human neutrophils. Superoxides 136-138 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 98-109 8957234-2 1996 Substance P (30 microM) caused O2- production associated with an inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-induced transient increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i). Superoxides 31-33 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 0-11 8957234-3 1996 CGRP (10 microM) significantly inhibited substance-P-induced O2- production and transient increase in [Ca2+]i, but it only slightly suppressed IP3 formation. Superoxides 61-63 calcitonin related polypeptide alpha Homo sapiens 0-4 8957234-3 1996 CGRP (10 microM) significantly inhibited substance-P-induced O2- production and transient increase in [Ca2+]i, but it only slightly suppressed IP3 formation. Superoxides 61-63 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 41-52 8957234-4 1996 In addition, CGRP inhibited IP3-induced O2- production and transient increase in [Ca2+]i, caused by exogenous addition of IP3 in saponin-permeabilized neutrophils. Superoxides 40-42 calcitonin related polypeptide alpha Homo sapiens 13-17 8810307-1 1996 The capacity of neutrophils to generate superoxide (O-2) can be enhanced by prior exposure to "priming" agents such as interleukin-8 (IL-8), melanoma growth-stimulatory activity (MGSA), and neutrophil-activating peptide (ENA-78). Superoxides 40-50 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 119-132 8810307-1 1996 The capacity of neutrophils to generate superoxide (O-2) can be enhanced by prior exposure to "priming" agents such as interleukin-8 (IL-8), melanoma growth-stimulatory activity (MGSA), and neutrophil-activating peptide (ENA-78). Superoxides 40-50 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 134-138 8810307-1 1996 The capacity of neutrophils to generate superoxide (O-2) can be enhanced by prior exposure to "priming" agents such as interleukin-8 (IL-8), melanoma growth-stimulatory activity (MGSA), and neutrophil-activating peptide (ENA-78). Superoxides 52-55 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 119-132 8810307-1 1996 The capacity of neutrophils to generate superoxide (O-2) can be enhanced by prior exposure to "priming" agents such as interleukin-8 (IL-8), melanoma growth-stimulatory activity (MGSA), and neutrophil-activating peptide (ENA-78). Superoxides 52-55 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 134-138 8837751-1 1996 Subversion of mitochondrial electron transport to the production of O2.- has been proposed as a mechanism of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated cell killing and to a lesser extent interleukin-1 (IL-1) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) cytotoxicity. Superoxides 68-70 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 109-130 8837751-1 1996 Subversion of mitochondrial electron transport to the production of O2.- has been proposed as a mechanism of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated cell killing and to a lesser extent interleukin-1 (IL-1) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) cytotoxicity. Superoxides 68-70 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 132-135 8839868-0 1996 Targeted disruption of guanosine diphosphate-dissociation inhibitor for Rho-related proteins, GDID4: normal hematopoietic differentiation but subtle defect in superoxide production by macrophages derived from in vitro embryonal stem cell differentiation. Superoxides 159-169 Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor beta Homo sapiens 94-99 8839868-2 1996 Rac also has a special role in the production of superoxide, a key component in phagocytic antimicrobial function. Superoxides 49-59 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 8839868-11 1996 However, a slight but consistent reduction in their capacity to generate superoxide was observed, which suggests new insight into the cellular role of GDID4. Superoxides 73-83 Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor beta Homo sapiens 151-156 8894164-12 1996 Stimulation of endothelial cells with bradykinin enhanced cell injury provoked by the exogenous superoxide generating system, but not by the exogenous hydroxyl radical generating system. Superoxides 96-106 kininogen 1 Homo sapiens 38-48 8894164-13 1996 The enhancement by bradykinin was inhibited by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine and bradykinin B2-receptor antagonist, D-Arg-[Hyp3, Thi5,8, D-Phe7] bradykinin, suggesting that an interaction of NO with superoxide is involved in the enhanced cytotoxicity. Superoxides 194-204 kininogen 1 Homo sapiens 19-29 8894164-13 1996 The enhancement by bradykinin was inhibited by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine and bradykinin B2-receptor antagonist, D-Arg-[Hyp3, Thi5,8, D-Phe7] bradykinin, suggesting that an interaction of NO with superoxide is involved in the enhanced cytotoxicity. Superoxides 194-204 kininogen 1 Homo sapiens 76-86 8894164-13 1996 The enhancement by bradykinin was inhibited by NG-monomethyl-L-arginine and bradykinin B2-receptor antagonist, D-Arg-[Hyp3, Thi5,8, D-Phe7] bradykinin, suggesting that an interaction of NO with superoxide is involved in the enhanced cytotoxicity. Superoxides 194-204 kininogen 1 Homo sapiens 76-86 8957234-7 1996 We concluded that CGRP receptor stimulation reduces substance-P-induced O2- production by the inhibition of IP3-induced transient increase in [Ca2+]i, probably via the phosphorylation of IP3 receptor by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Superoxides 72-74 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 52-63 9191502-9 1996 CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that postpump depression of cardiac function and contractility could be due to increased levels of OFRs and that SOD and CAT scavengers of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide respectively may be effective in preventing postpump cardiac dysfunction. Superoxides 174-190 catalase Canis lupus familiaris 156-159 8826976-8 1996 Like high D-glucose, pretreatment with the O2(-)-generating system, xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine, elevated bradykinin-stimulated Ca2+ release (+10%), Ca2+ entry (+75%), and EDRF (+73%). Superoxides 43-45 kininogen 1 Homo sapiens 108-118 8977376-3 1996 It was observed that CF2 induced production of superoxide anion (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by the spleen cells of mice in vitro and in vivo. Superoxides 47-63 coagulation factor II Mus musculus 21-24 8977376-3 1996 It was observed that CF2 induced production of superoxide anion (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by the spleen cells of mice in vitro and in vivo. Superoxides 65-67 coagulation factor II Mus musculus 21-24 8977376-5 1996 Pretreatment of mice or spleen cells with anti-CF2-antisera inhibited O2- and H2O2 production in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 70-72 coagulation factor II Mus musculus 47-50 8977376-7 1996 This indicated that O2- production is necessary for the cytotoxic activity of CF2. Superoxides 20-22 coagulation factor II Mus musculus 78-81 8977376-8 1996 Pretreatment of the cells with Ca2+ channel blocking drugs, nifedipine or verapamil, inhibited CF2-induced O2- and H2O2 production in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 107-109 coagulation factor II Mus musculus 95-98 8833917-4 1996 Human retinal pigment epithelial cells exposed to superoxide or hydrogen peroxide rapidly increased VEGF mRNA levels. Superoxides 50-60 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 100-104 8840861-9 1996 Whereas native LDL had little effect, incubation with either oxidized LDL or LPS/TNF-alpha significantly increased superoxide production, nuclear factor-kappa B activity, VCAM-1 expression, and endothelial adhesiveness for monocytes. Superoxides 115-125 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 81-90 8833917-5 1996 Superoxide-associated mRNA increases were dose dependent, blocked by antioxidants, and associated with elevated VEGF protein levels in conditioned media. Superoxides 0-10 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 112-116 8833917-6 1996 Increases in VEGF mRNA levels were also observed in cultured human melanoma and rat glioblastoma cells with superoxide or hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 108-118 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 13-17 8906612-3 1996 Mutations of the SOD gene may reduce its superoxide dismutase activity, thereby elevating free radical levels. Superoxides 41-51 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 17-20 8879231-6 1996 When TNF-alpha-primed neutrophils were stimulated by anti-PR3 antibodies, superoxide and elastase secretion was provoked in the absence of lipid mediator generation. Superoxides 74-84 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 5-14 8952228-6 1996 A process known to generate the O2 is the induction of certain cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes by drugs or environmental pollutants. Superoxides 32-34 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 63-78 8952228-6 1996 A process known to generate the O2 is the induction of certain cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes by drugs or environmental pollutants. Superoxides 32-34 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 80-83 8952228-7 1996 RESULTS: We report: 1) a correlation between the induction of each CYP gene family and the O2 yield; 2) support to an observation reported previously that the tumor promoting ability of CYP inducers is mainly mediated by the O2; and 3) the description of a method for nitroxide mediated O2 detection in vivo. Superoxides 91-93 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 67-70 8952228-7 1996 RESULTS: We report: 1) a correlation between the induction of each CYP gene family and the O2 yield; 2) support to an observation reported previously that the tumor promoting ability of CYP inducers is mainly mediated by the O2; and 3) the description of a method for nitroxide mediated O2 detection in vivo. Superoxides 91-93 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 186-189 8952228-7 1996 RESULTS: We report: 1) a correlation between the induction of each CYP gene family and the O2 yield; 2) support to an observation reported previously that the tumor promoting ability of CYP inducers is mainly mediated by the O2; and 3) the description of a method for nitroxide mediated O2 detection in vivo. Superoxides 225-227 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 67-70 8952228-7 1996 RESULTS: We report: 1) a correlation between the induction of each CYP gene family and the O2 yield; 2) support to an observation reported previously that the tumor promoting ability of CYP inducers is mainly mediated by the O2; and 3) the description of a method for nitroxide mediated O2 detection in vivo. Superoxides 225-227 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 186-189 8952228-7 1996 RESULTS: We report: 1) a correlation between the induction of each CYP gene family and the O2 yield; 2) support to an observation reported previously that the tumor promoting ability of CYP inducers is mainly mediated by the O2; and 3) the description of a method for nitroxide mediated O2 detection in vivo. Superoxides 225-227 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 67-70 8952228-7 1996 RESULTS: We report: 1) a correlation between the induction of each CYP gene family and the O2 yield; 2) support to an observation reported previously that the tumor promoting ability of CYP inducers is mainly mediated by the O2; and 3) the description of a method for nitroxide mediated O2 detection in vivo. Superoxides 225-227 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 186-189 8906612-4 1996 In addition, the mutant SOD protein may function as a peroxidase to oxidize cellular components, and it may also react with peroxynitrite-a product of the reaction between superoxide and nitric oxide-to ultimately form nitrate proteins. Superoxides 172-182 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 24-27 8923508-5 1996 SP, NKA and the NK2 selective agonist evoked superoxide anion (O2-) production in AMs obtained from sarcoid patients or healthy smokers. Superoxides 45-61 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 0-2 8923508-5 1996 SP, NKA and the NK2 selective agonist evoked superoxide anion (O2-) production in AMs obtained from sarcoid patients or healthy smokers. Superoxides 45-61 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 4-7 8923508-5 1996 SP, NKA and the NK2 selective agonist evoked superoxide anion (O2-) production in AMs obtained from sarcoid patients or healthy smokers. Superoxides 45-61 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 16-19 8923508-5 1996 SP, NKA and the NK2 selective agonist evoked superoxide anion (O2-) production in AMs obtained from sarcoid patients or healthy smokers. Superoxides 63-65 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 0-2 8923508-5 1996 SP, NKA and the NK2 selective agonist evoked superoxide anion (O2-) production in AMs obtained from sarcoid patients or healthy smokers. Superoxides 63-65 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 4-7 8923508-5 1996 SP, NKA and the NK2 selective agonist evoked superoxide anion (O2-) production in AMs obtained from sarcoid patients or healthy smokers. Superoxides 63-65 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 16-19 9558962-3 1996 When serum opsonic activity was assessed by LgCl, NaN3, markedly enhanced the responses, suggesting that O2- is accumulated due to the MPO blockade, leading to the excitation of LgCl. Superoxides 105-107 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 135-138 8798532-0 1996 p22phox is a critical component of the superoxide-generating NADH/NADPH oxidase system and regulates angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy in vascular smooth muscle cells. Superoxides 39-49 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 101-115 8798532-3 1996 We have shown that the hypertrophic agent angiotensin II stimulates superoxide production by activating the membrane-bound NADH/NADPH oxidase and that inhibition of this oxidase attenuates vascular hypertrophy. Superoxides 68-78 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 42-56 8798426-5 1996 p67(phox)-(1-246), a truncated form of the protein which eliminates SH3 domains involved in binding to p47(phox), also supports superoxide generation, both in the presence and absence of p47(phox), providing further evidence for p47(phox) independent activity. Superoxides 128-138 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 0-3 8790408-1 1996 Manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) converts superoxide to oxygen plus hydrogen peroxide and serves as the primary defense against mitochondrial superoxide. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 32-36 8790408-1 1996 Manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) converts superoxide to oxygen plus hydrogen peroxide and serves as the primary defense against mitochondrial superoxide. Superoxides 47-57 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 0-30 8790408-1 1996 Manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) converts superoxide to oxygen plus hydrogen peroxide and serves as the primary defense against mitochondrial superoxide. Superoxides 47-57 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 32-36 8806780-6 1996 Surprisingly, the dicumarol-inhibitable quinoid detoxification enzyme DT-diaphorase was a significant source of phthiocol and pyocyanine-mediated O2.- generation in cells. Superoxides 146-148 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 70-83 8886431-4 1996 The superoxide anion generating drug duroquinone (100 microM) reduced relaxations to exogenous NO by 54 +/- 6%; this inhibition was partially reversed by Cu/Zn SOD (250 u ml-1), and by ascorbate (500 microM). Superoxides 4-20 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 154-163 8888573-4 1996 In the concentration range tested (10(-12) - 10(-4) M), HNE inhibited FMLP-evoked O2- production with an IC50 of 11.6 +/- 1.5 x 10(-6) M; at concentrations < or = 10(-6) M, HNE enhanced O2- production elicited by FMLP + SP, while higher concentrations were inhibitory. Superoxides 82-84 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 70-74 8888573-4 1996 In the concentration range tested (10(-12) - 10(-4) M), HNE inhibited FMLP-evoked O2- production with an IC50 of 11.6 +/- 1.5 x 10(-6) M; at concentrations < or = 10(-6) M, HNE enhanced O2- production elicited by FMLP + SP, while higher concentrations were inhibitory. Superoxides 189-191 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 70-74 8781538-0 1996 Superoxide and hydrogen peroxide induce CD18-mediated adhesion in the postischemic heart. Superoxides 0-10 integrin subunit beta 2 Rattus norvegicus 40-44 8917629-9 1996 The superoxide anion is a potent inducer of the cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme, which is upregulated in colorectal cancer. Superoxides 4-20 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 48-64 8983165-7 1996 The results suggest that superoxide production, lipid peroxidation and DNA-SSB in fetal and placental tissues may participate in the fetotoxic effects of TCDD and other polyhalogenated cyclic hydrocarbons, and that TCDD-induced oxidative damage in fetal and placental tissues is mediated at least in part by the Ah-receptor. Superoxides 25-35 aryl-hydrocarbon receptor Mus musculus 312-323 8794795-3 1996 The superoxide production was measured spectrophotometrically in activated PMNs initially incubated in the presence of IL-4 or IL-10. Superoxides 4-14 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 119-123 8794795-9 1996 In conclusion, apart from the well-known suppressive effect on proinflammatory cytokine production, IL-4 delays and IL-10 inhibits superoxide generation. Superoxides 131-141 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 100-104 8751892-10 1996 We conclude that myeloperoxidase-dependent processes are strongly favored by human neutrophils as their prime mechanism of oxidative killing of S. aureus and that superoxide makes a direct contribution to killing. Superoxides 163-173 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 17-32 8751892-11 1996 Our results also suggest that superoxide acts in conjunction with a myeloperoxidase-dependent pathway. Superoxides 30-40 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 68-83 8886852-0 1996 The production of superoxide anion and nitric oxide by cultured murine leukocytes and the accumulation of TNF-alpha in the conditioned media is inhibited by taurine chloramine. Superoxides 18-34 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 106-115 8757337-6 1996 Conversely, microglial cells were induced by IL-1 beta and IFN-gamma to generate superoxide anions (O2.-) through an NADPH oxidase-dependent pathway. Superoxides 81-98 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 45-54 8757337-6 1996 Conversely, microglial cells were induced by IL-1 beta and IFN-gamma to generate superoxide anions (O2.-) through an NADPH oxidase-dependent pathway. Superoxides 81-98 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 59-68 8757337-6 1996 Conversely, microglial cells were induced by IL-1 beta and IFN-gamma to generate superoxide anions (O2.-) through an NADPH oxidase-dependent pathway. Superoxides 100-102 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 45-54 8757337-6 1996 Conversely, microglial cells were induced by IL-1 beta and IFN-gamma to generate superoxide anions (O2.-) through an NADPH oxidase-dependent pathway. Superoxides 100-102 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 59-68 8781293-6 1996 Inhibition of the macrophage NADPH oxidase with apocynin or dismutation of superoxide anions, the product of NADPH oxidase activation, with superoxide dismutase (SOD) significantly inhibited macrophage-mediated oxidation of LDL (by 61% to 89%) under these conditions. Superoxides 75-92 dual oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 109-122 8781538-7 1996 EPR spin trapping measurements demonstrated that SOD totally quenched the free radical generation observed upon reperfusion while catalase prevented the formation of hydroxyl and alkyl radicals derived from superoxide. Superoxides 207-217 catalase Rattus norvegicus 130-138 8781538-10 1996 Thus, endothelial derived H2O2 and .O2- further amplify postischemic injury by triggering CD18 expression on the surface of PMNs leading to increased PMN adhesion within the heart. Superoxides 28-30 integrin subunit beta 2 Rattus norvegicus 90-94 8702551-4 1996 To address the role of superoxide in regulating gene expression in response to TNF, we have constitutively overexpressed Mn-SOD in a human fibrosarcoma cell line and asked what effect this has on the expression of a number of TNF-responsive genes using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Superoxides 23-33 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 79-82 8702551-10 1996 These findings indicate that both Mn-SOD and O2 may regulate the levels of a cellular oxidant involved in both basal and TNF-induced IL-1alpha expression, presumably superoxide. Superoxides 166-176 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 121-124 8806716-11 1996 The inhibition of the ferritin-catalyzed lipid peroxidation by superoxide dismutase and anti-CYP2E1 IgG is consistent with a role for CYP2E1-generated superoxide radical in mobilizing iron from ferritin and in the subsequent catalysis of lipid peroxidation. Superoxides 151-169 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 93-99 8806716-11 1996 The inhibition of the ferritin-catalyzed lipid peroxidation by superoxide dismutase and anti-CYP2E1 IgG is consistent with a role for CYP2E1-generated superoxide radical in mobilizing iron from ferritin and in the subsequent catalysis of lipid peroxidation. Superoxides 151-169 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 134-140 8806716-12 1996 Since ferritin is the major cellular storage form of iron, increased mobilization of iron from ferritin by CYP2E1-derived superoxide radical may play a role in the development of oxidative stress after ethanol treatment. Superoxides 122-140 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 107-113 8866010-3 1996 These results strongly suggest that estrogen regulates superoxide anion radical generation by lowering the SOD activity. Superoxides 55-79 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 107-110 8706348-4 1996 Further, catalase, a scavenger of hydrogen peroxide, completely reversed the inhibitory signal whereas scavengers of the superoxide anion, hypohalous acids, the hydroxyl radical, or nitric oxide synthesis inhibitors such as L-NMMA were ineffective. Superoxides 121-137 catalase Homo sapiens 9-17 8759064-9 1996 These benefits of ACE inhibition are likely due to attenuation of the contractile effects and superoxide-generating effects of angiotensin II and to enhancement of endothelial cell release of nitric oxide secondary to diminished breakdown of bradykinin. Superoxides 94-104 angiotensin I converting enzyme Homo sapiens 18-21 8759064-9 1996 These benefits of ACE inhibition are likely due to attenuation of the contractile effects and superoxide-generating effects of angiotensin II and to enhancement of endothelial cell release of nitric oxide secondary to diminished breakdown of bradykinin. Superoxides 94-104 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 127-141 8911682-4 1996 One such function is neutrophil superoxide generation, which is induced when phosphatidic acid, generated by activated phospholipase D (PLD), facilitates the interaction of a cytoplasmic low-molecular-weight G-protein with dormant, membrane-bound reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. Superoxides 32-42 glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1 Homo sapiens 119-134 8911682-4 1996 One such function is neutrophil superoxide generation, which is induced when phosphatidic acid, generated by activated phospholipase D (PLD), facilitates the interaction of a cytoplasmic low-molecular-weight G-protein with dormant, membrane-bound reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. Superoxides 32-42 glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1 Homo sapiens 136-139 8922534-3 1996 We measured PMN production of superoxide anions (O2-) by cytochrome c reduction (see Babior, B.M. Superoxides 30-47 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 57-69 8768524-3 1996 This study shows that glutathione is an important antioxidant molecule in yeast, with gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gsh1) mutants, deficient in glutathione synthesis, being hypersensitive to H2O2 and superoxide anions in both exponential- and stationary-phase cultures. Superoxides 205-222 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 121-125 8885330-2 1996 The first post-receptor events to be observed in TNF alpha-sensitive lines are the generation of superoxide anion (O2-) within the mitochondria and the activation of phospholipase A2. Superoxides 97-113 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 49-58 8885330-2 1996 The first post-receptor events to be observed in TNF alpha-sensitive lines are the generation of superoxide anion (O2-) within the mitochondria and the activation of phospholipase A2. Superoxides 115-118 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 49-58 8872182-2 1996 Bovine beta-casein showed an inhibitory effect on ovine neutrophil chemotaxis but had an enhancing effect on superoxide production by neutrophils. Superoxides 109-119 casein beta Bos taurus 7-18 8872505-5 1996 The enhanced NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide generation correlated well with elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha] in plasma [p = 0.005], suggesting a causal relation. Superoxides 37-47 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 99-126 8872505-5 1996 The enhanced NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide generation correlated well with elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-alpha] in plasma [p = 0.005], suggesting a causal relation. Superoxides 37-47 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 128-137 8757214-6 1996 In addition, superoxide production was measured by superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of cytochrome c. Superoxides 13-23 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 97-109 8837043-7 1996 The data, further, suggest that metallothionein-II has a 6-fold higher capacity to scavenge superoxide radical than metallothionein-I. Superoxides 92-110 metallothionein 2 Mus musculus 32-50 8877710-7 1996 Dynamic superoxide anion release served as a measure of the metabolic pathway of the oxidative burst after f-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) and phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) stimulation. Superoxides 8-24 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 122-126 8837043-7 1996 The data, further, suggest that metallothionein-II has a 6-fold higher capacity to scavenge superoxide radical than metallothionein-I. Superoxides 92-110 metallothionein 1 Mus musculus 32-49 8878069-0 1996 Superoxide anion release from neutrophils in growth hormone deficient adults before and after replacement therapy with recombinant human growth hormone. Superoxides 0-16 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 45-59 8899653-2 1996 A potent free radical, peroxynitrite, is readily formed from superoxide and nitric oxide, which captures superoxide three times faster than SOD-1. Superoxides 61-71 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 140-145 8878069-0 1996 Superoxide anion release from neutrophils in growth hormone deficient adults before and after replacement therapy with recombinant human growth hormone. Superoxides 0-16 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 137-151 8878069-8 1996 In growth hormone deficient subjects, formylpeptide-triggered release of superoxide anions from neutrophils was significantly suppressed by about 40% before treatment as compared to healthy control subjects. Superoxides 73-90 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 3-17 8694859-3 1996 However, inhibition of superoxide generation by neutrophils activated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), opsonized zymosan (OZ), and arachidonate (AA) only occurred with higher concentrations of propranolol, and coincided with decreased intracellular calcium fluxes, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity and synthesis of platelet-activating factor (PAF). Superoxides 23-33 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 270-286 8694859-3 1996 However, inhibition of superoxide generation by neutrophils activated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), opsonized zymosan (OZ), and arachidonate (AA) only occurred with higher concentrations of propranolol, and coincided with decreased intracellular calcium fluxes, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity and synthesis of platelet-activating factor (PAF). Superoxides 23-33 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 288-292 8663333-2 1996 During activation, cytosolic proteins p47(phox), p67(phox), Rac2, and possibly p40(phox) translocate to the plasma membrane and associate with flavocytochrome b to form the active superoxide-generating system. Superoxides 180-190 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 49-52 8663333-2 1996 During activation, cytosolic proteins p47(phox), p67(phox), Rac2, and possibly p40(phox) translocate to the plasma membrane and associate with flavocytochrome b to form the active superoxide-generating system. Superoxides 180-190 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 60-64 8663342-4 1996 Both the specific pp1 inhibitor calyculin A (10 nM) and the pp2A inhibitor okadaic acid (10 microM) enhanced O2.- generation (185 +/- 24 and 189 +/- 35% of control, respectively, p < 0.0001 for both, n = 8), as reported previously. Superoxides 109-111 neuropeptide Y receptor Y4 Homo sapiens 18-21 8712210-8 1996 Our data suggest that a lower level of SOD activity, whether as a cause or a consequence of the disease process, might induce a decrease in the scavenger reaction of superoxide (O2-) thus causing the tissue to become more vulnerable to oxidative stress. Superoxides 166-176 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 39-42 8712210-8 1996 Our data suggest that a lower level of SOD activity, whether as a cause or a consequence of the disease process, might induce a decrease in the scavenger reaction of superoxide (O2-) thus causing the tissue to become more vulnerable to oxidative stress. Superoxides 178-180 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 39-42 8804796-3 1996 Augmentation of superoxide production by PMNs when stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) was observed following the addition of 25, 50, 100 and 200 micrograms/ml of FLRX. Superoxides 16-26 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 142-146 8804796-5 1996 Superoxide production augmented by FLRX was diminished by the addition of staurosporine and H-7, when PMNs were stimulated with PMA, and by the addition of genistein, when PMNs were stimulated with fMLP. Superoxides 0-10 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 198-202 8647926-4 1996 In 51Cr release assays, the toxicity of exogenous RO2S including hydrogen peroxide or superoxide (generated by xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine) to human retinal pigment epithelial cells was inhibited by the iron chelators, desferrioxamine and apo-transferrin. Superoxides 86-96 transferrin Homo sapiens 245-256 8807596-9 1996 Overexpressed CD59 suppressed production of superoxide, one of the inflammatory mediators induced by sublytic C5b-9 attack. Superoxides 44-54 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 14-18 21432427-0 1996 Development of a simultaneous multiple measurement method for superoxide generation from phagocytes using the cytochrome c reduction method. Superoxides 62-72 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 110-122 8692878-7 1996 Superoxide production, a measure of the respiratory burst, was obtained with increasing concentrations of IL-8 with maximum effects at 25 to 50 nM, but no response was observed upon challenge with GRO alpha or NAP-2 up to 1000 nM. Superoxides 0-10 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 106-110 8687488-2 1996 In the present study, we demonstrated that NO synthase (cNOS) and xanthine oxidase (XO) of human keratinocytes can be activated to release NO, superoxide (O2-) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) following exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. Superoxides 143-153 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 56-60 8687488-2 1996 In the present study, we demonstrated that NO synthase (cNOS) and xanthine oxidase (XO) of human keratinocytes can be activated to release NO, superoxide (O2-) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) following exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. Superoxides 155-158 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 56-60 8687488-9 1996 ONOO- synthesized by NO and O2- following UVB radiation of cNOS and XO was inhibited by oxypurinol (100 microM). Superoxides 28-30 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 59-63 8692878-8 1996 The superoxide production induced by IL-8 was inhibited by anti-IL8R1, but was not affected by anti-IL8R2. Superoxides 4-14 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 37-41 8967506-8 1996 These results suggest that xanthine oxidase-mediated superoxide anion-dependent activation of NF-kappa B occurs in vivo and in vitro. Superoxides 53-69 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 94-104 8652844-15 1996 Intracellular delivery of the competitive inhibitory peptide into human neutrophils reduced both PMA- and fMLP-stimulated superoxide anion production. Superoxides 122-138 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 106-110 8764220-8 1996 When cells were coincubated with SIN-1 plus superoxide dismutase, a technique designed to scavenge O2- and convert SIN-1 to purely an .NO-donor compound, Ca2+ signaling was identical to control. Superoxides 99-101 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 33-38 8651684-8 1996 In the presence of SOD mimics, the DMPO-sulfur-centered adducts were more persistent, suggesting that O2-. Superoxides 102-104 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 19-22 9035751-0 1996 [The effect of fibronectin on generation of superoxide anion by neutrophils during food poisoning and experimental salmonella endotoxemia]. Superoxides 44-60 fibronectin 1 Homo sapiens 15-26 8817062-8 1996 Amosite+TNF-exposed cells were also most sensitive to menadione (20 mumol/L, 2 h), a compound which generates superoxide radicals intracellularly. Superoxides 110-120 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 8-11 8635290-0 1996 Role of cytokines, tyrosine kinase, and protein kinase C on production of superoxide and induction of scavenging enzymes in human leukocytes. Superoxides 74-84 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 40-56 8635290-3 1996 The results revealed that both (O2)- generation stimulated by five different agents (opsonized zymosan, A23187, PAF, PMA, and fMLP) and the inductions of all three scavenging enzymes were potentiated by priming with TNF-alpha. Superoxides 32-34 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 126-130 8635290-3 1996 The results revealed that both (O2)- generation stimulated by five different agents (opsonized zymosan, A23187, PAF, PMA, and fMLP) and the inductions of all three scavenging enzymes were potentiated by priming with TNF-alpha. Superoxides 32-34 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 216-225 8635290-5 1996 IFN-gamma decreased (O2)- generation but increased scavenging enzyme induction. Superoxides 21-23 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 0-9 8635290-6 1996 Antibodies to all three cytokines and all the TK and PKC inhibitors decreased (O2)- stimulated by most agents, but markedly enhanced (O2)- levels stimulated by PAF. Superoxides 79-81 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 53-56 8666806-6 1996 Monocytes differentiated from the IFN-gamma-transduced PBHP cells demonstrated 1) up-regulation of MHC class I and II Ag expression, 2) increased Fc(gamma)RI expression, and 3) enhanced superoxide production in response to both opsonized zymosan (25-fold) and phorbol ester (3-fold). Superoxides 186-196 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 34-43 8725616-5 1996 TNF alpha primed superoxide production by normal neutrophils in normal plasma, but this effect was significantly reduced in plasma with increased concentrations of sTNFR. Superoxides 17-27 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-9 8639425-3 1996 Superoxide release was assessed by a cytochrome c reduction assay. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 37-49 9157782-5 1996 Interferon (IFN) gamma, a stimulant of NADPH oxidase activity, increased superoxide production and bone resorption in cultures of calvarial explants from osteopetrotic (microphthalmic) mice. Superoxides 73-83 interferon gamma Mus musculus 0-22 8638526-7 1996 Recent information suggests that nitrate tolerance is caused by increased levels of superoxide at the vascular wall, which leads to reduced nitric oxide level and to increased sensitivity to vasoconstrictive mechanisms, such as endothelin and angiotensin II. Superoxides 84-94 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 228-257 8708538-0 1996 Parathyroid hormone induces superoxide anion burst in the osteoclast: evidence for the direct instantaneous activation of the osteoclast by the hormone. Superoxides 28-44 parathyroid hormone Rattus norvegicus 0-19 8708538-2 1996 Therefore, we have investigated the mechanism of parathyroid hormone (PTH)-mediated stimulation of osteoclast function in terms of its effect on O2- generation. Superoxides 145-147 parathyroid hormone Rattus norvegicus 49-68 8727074-6 1996 IFN-alpha, beta, and gamma enhanced production of oxygen radicals, including superoxide, by D3-HL-60 cells. Superoxides 77-87 interferon alpha 1 Homo sapiens 0-9 8727074-7 1996 Superoxide production was enhanced to the greatest degree by IFN-gamma, followed by IFN-beta and then IFN-gamma. Superoxides 0-10 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 61-70 8727074-7 1996 Superoxide production was enhanced to the greatest degree by IFN-gamma, followed by IFN-beta and then IFN-gamma. Superoxides 0-10 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 102-111 8817404-2 1996 It has been suggested that accelerated inactivation of nitric oxide (NO) due to superoxide anion, which is rapidly removed by superoxide dismutase (SOD) in physiological condition, may be related to hypertension. Superoxides 80-96 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 126-146 8817404-2 1996 It has been suggested that accelerated inactivation of nitric oxide (NO) due to superoxide anion, which is rapidly removed by superoxide dismutase (SOD) in physiological condition, may be related to hypertension. Superoxides 80-96 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 148-151 8817404-12 1996 The present findings, in a limited data, could suggest that the fall in SOD activities following an increased superoxide anion production with subsequently augmented NO inactivation is, at least in part, involved in the pathogenesis of human hypertension, although the evidence is indirect. Superoxides 110-126 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 72-75 8924517-4 1996 The altered ratio of NO/superoxide anion (O2-) production has been proposed to alleviate intrinsic inhibition of the transcription factor NF kappa B and lead to enhanced expression of adhesion molecules and chemotactic factors at the endothelial surface. Superoxides 24-40 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 138-148 8658499-5 1996 Total hydrogen peroxide and superoxide production was increased by stimulation of IFN gamma-primed cells with zymosan, but relative increases in primed V-treated cells were lower than that in controls. Superoxides 28-38 interferon gamma Mus musculus 82-91 8614020-7 1996 In vitro an inhibition of CAT activity was observed in the presence of a superoxide anion generating system, and this inhibition was prevented by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 73-89 catalase Rattus norvegicus 26-29 8614020-11 1996 In the presence of superoxide anions, catalase may aggravate the lesions, and this possibility should be kept in mind when considering an antioxidant therapy. Superoxides 19-36 catalase Rattus norvegicus 38-46 8621776-0 1996 Angiotensin II-mediated hypertension in the rat increases vascular superoxide production via membrane NADH/NADPH oxidase activation. Superoxides 67-77 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-14 8621776-2 1996 We tested the hypothesis that angiotensin II-induced hypertension is associated with an increase in vascular .O2- production, and characterized the oxidase involved in this process. Superoxides 110-112 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 30-44 8621776-3 1996 Infusion of angiotensin II (0.7 mg/kg per d) increased systolic blood pressure and doubled vascular .O2- production (assessed by lucigenin chemiluminescence), predominantly from the vascular media. Superoxides 101-103 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 12-26 8621776-5 1996 Studies using various enzyme inhibitors and vascular homogenates suggested that the predominant source of .O2- activated by angiotensin II infusion is an NADH/NADPH-dependent, membrane-bound oxidase. Superoxides 107-109 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 124-138 8621776-8 1996 When Losartan was administered concomitantly with angiotensin II, vascular .O2- production and relaxations were normalized, demonstrating a role for the angiotensin type-1 receptor in these processes. Superoxides 76-78 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 50-64 8621776-9 1996 We conclude that forms of hypertension associated with elevated circulating levels of angiotensin II may have unique vascular effects not shared by other forms of hypertension because they increase vascular smooth muscle .O2- production via NADH/NADPH oxidase activation. Superoxides 222-224 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 86-100 8967366-9 1996 These data show that vasopressin is reversed from a dilator to a vasoconstrictor after FPI and suggests the superoxide anion generation contributes to the alteration of vasopressin cerebrovascular effects after injury and that such altered vasopressin cerebrovascular effects contribute to pial vasoconstriction after FPI. Superoxides 108-124 arginine vasopressin Homo sapiens 21-32 8967366-9 1996 These data show that vasopressin is reversed from a dilator to a vasoconstrictor after FPI and suggests the superoxide anion generation contributes to the alteration of vasopressin cerebrovascular effects after injury and that such altered vasopressin cerebrovascular effects contribute to pial vasoconstriction after FPI. Superoxides 108-124 arginine vasopressin Homo sapiens 169-180 8967366-9 1996 These data show that vasopressin is reversed from a dilator to a vasoconstrictor after FPI and suggests the superoxide anion generation contributes to the alteration of vasopressin cerebrovascular effects after injury and that such altered vasopressin cerebrovascular effects contribute to pial vasoconstriction after FPI. Superoxides 108-124 arginine vasopressin Homo sapiens 169-180 8731012-2 1996 VE and CoQ8 inhibited O2.- generation of neutrophils stimulated by a protein kinase C mediated process monitored by cytochrome c reduction and spin trapping methods. Superoxides 22-24 coenzyme Q8A Homo sapiens 7-11 8728016-5 1996 In exudate cells, a strong negative correlation was found between palmitic acid content and O2- release in response to both fMLP and PMA (r = -0.52, p < 0.02 and r = -0.49, p < 0.05, respectively) whereas arachidonic acid correlated positively, but weakly, with O2- (r = 0.40, p = 0.07 and r = 0.47, p = 0.05, with fMLP and PMA as stimulants respectively). Superoxides 92-94 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 124-128 8601624-4 1996 We have studied interactions of lipid mediators with a cytokine mediator tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) in stimulating superoxide production by human neutrophils for this reason and because it throws light on intracellular signals activating this response. Superoxides 122-132 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 73-100 8601624-4 1996 We have studied interactions of lipid mediators with a cytokine mediator tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) in stimulating superoxide production by human neutrophils for this reason and because it throws light on intracellular signals activating this response. Superoxides 122-132 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 102-105 8601624-5 1996 Pretreatment of neutrophils with TNF markedly augmented the amount of superoxide produced in response to AA but not to either a 20 carbon saturated fatty acid, or the hydroxy- or hydroperoxy-derivatives of AA. Superoxides 70-80 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 33-36 8613709-1 1996 In response to formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP), human neutrophils (PMN) generate superoxide anion (O2-) by the enzyme complex NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 75-91 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 15-33 8613709-1 1996 In response to formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP), human neutrophils (PMN) generate superoxide anion (O2-) by the enzyme complex NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 75-91 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 35-39 8613709-1 1996 In response to formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP), human neutrophils (PMN) generate superoxide anion (O2-) by the enzyme complex NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 93-95 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 15-33 8731012-2 1996 VE and CoQ8 inhibited O2.- generation of neutrophils stimulated by a protein kinase C mediated process monitored by cytochrome c reduction and spin trapping methods. Superoxides 22-24 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 116-128 8771562-4 1996 MENK induced O2- release was associated with a dose-dependent increase of diacylglycerol (DAG) concentration and protein-kinase C (PKC) translocation to the neutrophil membranes, with an increase of cytosolic Ca++, and could be abolished by H7, a PKC inhibitor. Superoxides 13-15 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 0-4 8613709-1 1996 In response to formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP), human neutrophils (PMN) generate superoxide anion (O2-) by the enzyme complex NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 93-95 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 35-39 8613709-11 1996 The fact that both PMA and fMLP stimulated O2- production but modulated PPI turnover in different ways, indicates that PPI labeling does not correlate with the oxidative response. Superoxides 43-45 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 27-31 8613709-16 1996 Finally, BK inhibited O2- production by fMLP-activated PMN in a time-dependent manner. Superoxides 22-24 kininogen 1 Homo sapiens 9-11 8613709-16 1996 Finally, BK inhibited O2- production by fMLP-activated PMN in a time-dependent manner. Superoxides 22-24 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 40-44 8771562-0 1996 Neutrophil signal transduction in Met-enkephalin modulated superoxide anion release. Superoxides 59-75 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 34-48 8771562-1 1996 The present study explored the involvement of signal transduction system(s) in Met-enkephalin (MENK) modulated superoxide anion (O2-) release from human neutrophils. Superoxides 111-127 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 79-93 8771562-1 1996 The present study explored the involvement of signal transduction system(s) in Met-enkephalin (MENK) modulated superoxide anion (O2-) release from human neutrophils. Superoxides 111-127 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 95-99 8771562-1 1996 The present study explored the involvement of signal transduction system(s) in Met-enkephalin (MENK) modulated superoxide anion (O2-) release from human neutrophils. Superoxides 129-131 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 79-93 8771562-1 1996 The present study explored the involvement of signal transduction system(s) in Met-enkephalin (MENK) modulated superoxide anion (O2-) release from human neutrophils. Superoxides 129-131 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 95-99 8771562-3 1996 The most abundant product of MENK degradation, Tyr-Gly-Gly (TGG), suppressed O2- release over a wide range of concentrations (10(-12)-10(-8) M). Superoxides 77-79 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 29-33 8901022-0 1996 Intracellular signaling pathway of substance P-induced superoxide production in human neutrophils. Superoxides 55-65 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 35-46 8901022-1 1996 We examined the intracellular mechanisms of substance P-induced superoxide anion (O2-) production in human neutrophils. Superoxides 64-80 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 44-55 8901022-1 1996 We examined the intracellular mechanisms of substance P-induced superoxide anion (O2-) production in human neutrophils. Superoxides 82-85 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 44-55 8901022-2 1996 Addition of substance P (30 microM) caused O2- production and biphasic increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) (early transient and subsequent sustained components) associated with the formation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). Superoxides 43-45 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 12-23 8901022-6 1996 An IP3 receptor antagonist, heparin, reduced both the substance P-induced O2- production and the transient increase in [Ca2+]i without any significant effects on the sustained increase in [Ca2+]i. Superoxides 74-76 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 54-65 8901022-9 1996 These results suggest that the tachykinin NK1 receptor/G-protein-linked IP3 formation with the resulting IP3-induced transient increase in [Ca2+]i is the main signal transduction pathway for substance P-stimulated O2- production in neutrophils. Superoxides 214-216 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 191-202 8630547-7 1996 Similarly, BAL-derived cells displayed significantly increased phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated release of superoxide anion (8.8 +/- 1.3 versus 4.5 +/- 0.7 nmol/5 x 10 5 cells/h; p<0.01) for the oldest versus youngest subject group, and mean BAL IL-6 concentrations were significantly elevated in the oldest age group (0.86 +/- 0.13 ng/ml) compared with the youngest age group (0.53 +/- 0.03 ng/ml; p<0.01). Superoxides 111-127 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 253-257 8602757-1 1996 Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are metalloenzymes that detoxify superoxide radicals, and occur in cytosolic (Cu,Zn-SOD) and mitochondrial (Mn-SOD) forms in multiple tissues, including brain. Superoxides 62-72 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 23-26 8771562-6 1996 Superoxide anion release induced by low concentrations of MENK (10(12)-10(-10) M), could be blocked by NDGA, an inhibitor of the lipoxygenase pathway. Superoxides 0-16 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 58-62 8771562-7 1996 We concluded that MENK-induced O2- release results mainly due to DAG/PKC pathway activation, although other secondary messengers might be involved. Superoxides 31-33 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 18-22 8616070-6 1996 In cells preincubated with GM-CSF, time- and dose-dependent priming of FMLP-stimulated PLA2 responses were observed and inhibition of PLA2 by mepacrine was accompanied by the inhibition of FMLP-stimulated superoxide production down to the level of unprimed cells. Superoxides 205-215 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 71-75 8616070-0 1996 The regulation of neutrophil phospholipase A2 by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and its role in priming superoxide production. Superoxides 122-132 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 29-45 8616070-6 1996 In cells preincubated with GM-CSF, time- and dose-dependent priming of FMLP-stimulated PLA2 responses were observed and inhibition of PLA2 by mepacrine was accompanied by the inhibition of FMLP-stimulated superoxide production down to the level of unprimed cells. Superoxides 205-215 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 189-193 8616070-8 1996 These data suggest that a mepacrine-sensitive PLA2 may have a role in the GM-CSF mediated priming of superoxide production. Superoxides 101-111 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 46-50 8634411-3 1996 Production of superoxide anion (O2-) by Xanthine (X) and Xanthine-Oxidase (XO) or NADPH caused a reduction (48% +/- 15% in 25 experiments) in the IL-1beta binding of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and monocytes that was inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 14-30 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 146-154 8634411-3 1996 Production of superoxide anion (O2-) by Xanthine (X) and Xanthine-Oxidase (XO) or NADPH caused a reduction (48% +/- 15% in 25 experiments) in the IL-1beta binding of polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and monocytes that was inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 32-34 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 146-154 8851521-19 1996 enhanced fMLP-stimulated superoxide anion generation and shape change) are not receptor-mediated. Superoxides 25-41 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 9-13 8608807-0 1996 Activation of human monocyte functions by tumor necrosis factor: rapid priming for enhanced release of superoxide and erythrophagocytosis, but no direct triggering of superoxide release. Superoxides 103-113 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 42-63 8608807-1 1996 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), like granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimul ating factor (GM-CSF), rapidly primed human monocytes for enhanced release of superoxide (O-2) stimulated by receptor-mediated agonists, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and concanavalin A (Con A), but not by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), which bypasses the receptors to stimulate the cells. Superoxides 149-159 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-21 8608807-1 1996 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), like granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimul ating factor (GM-CSF), rapidly primed human monocytes for enhanced release of superoxide (O-2) stimulated by receptor-mediated agonists, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and concanavalin A (Con A), but not by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), which bypasses the receptors to stimulate the cells. Superoxides 149-159 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 23-26 8608807-1 1996 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), like granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimul ating factor (GM-CSF), rapidly primed human monocytes for enhanced release of superoxide (O-2) stimulated by receptor-mediated agonists, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and concanavalin A (Con A), but not by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), which bypasses the receptors to stimulate the cells. Superoxides 149-159 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 249-253 8608807-11 1996 These findings show that TNF rapidly primes human monocytes for enhanced release of O-(2) and erythrophagocytosis and suggest that TNF activates monocytes through autocrine or paracrine mechanisms at the inflammatory sites inasmuch as TNF is primarily produced by activated monocytes/macrophages. Superoxides 84-89 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 25-28 8728118-4 1996 Superoxide radical formation was determined by cytochrome c reduction in the presence and absence of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 0-18 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 47-59 8728118-4 1996 Superoxide radical formation was determined by cytochrome c reduction in the presence and absence of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 0-18 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 101-121 8728118-4 1996 Superoxide radical formation was determined by cytochrome c reduction in the presence and absence of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 0-18 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 123-126 8727441-6 1996 MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS: Superoxide anion production was determined by a flow cytometric method using dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR) as an oxidative probe after the priming of neutrophils with N-formyl-methionyl- leucylphenylalanine (fMLP) or with Escherichia coli. Superoxides 26-42 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 231-235 8727441-10 1996 At this time, superoxide anion production by fMLP-stimulated neutrophils was also decreased (mRFI = 40 +/- 3, vs 57 +/- 5; P = 0.03). Superoxides 14-30 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 45-49 8643079-5 1996 It has been proposed that the chemical mechanism involved in the Cu/Zn-SOD-catalyzed autoxidation of HQ may be occur through either its conventional activity as a superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase or as a semiquinone:superoxide oxidoreductase. Superoxides 163-173 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 65-74 8643079-28 1996 in the presence of O2 appears to be the underlying mechanism responsible for the enhancement by Cu/Zn-SOD of the oxidation of HQ. Superoxides 19-21 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 96-105 8720667-0 1996 LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) and ICAM-1 (CD54) antibodies attenuate superoxide anion release from polymorphonuclear leukocytes in rats with experimental acute pancreatitis. Superoxides 58-74 integrin subunit beta 2 Rattus norvegicus 13-17 8867924-3 1996 fMLP caused O2- production, Ca2+ mobilization and phosphoinositide hydrolysis. Superoxides 12-14 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 8616070-1 1996 Experiments were performed to investigate the relative role of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) in the activation and cytokine-mediated priming of neutrophil superoxide production. Superoxides 149-159 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 81-85 8867924-7 1996 fMLP, but not tBuBHQ, caused BAPTA/AM-sensitive activation of phospholipase A2 and D. tBuBHQ caused O2- production by interacting with phosphatidylcholine in a cell-free system. Superoxides 100-102 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 8867924-8 1996 The results suggest that tBuBHQ causes O2- production independent of Ca2+, and Ca2+ might be a cofactor in the activation of phospholipase A2 and D upstream in fMLP-induced O2- production. Superoxides 39-41 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 160-164 8867924-8 1996 The results suggest that tBuBHQ causes O2- production independent of Ca2+, and Ca2+ might be a cofactor in the activation of phospholipase A2 and D upstream in fMLP-induced O2- production. Superoxides 173-175 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 125-141 8867924-8 1996 The results suggest that tBuBHQ causes O2- production independent of Ca2+, and Ca2+ might be a cofactor in the activation of phospholipase A2 and D upstream in fMLP-induced O2- production. Superoxides 173-175 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 160-164 8605000-2 1996 Interleukin-8 triggers several functions of neutrophils in host defense: chemotaxis, degranulation and enzyme release, and superoxide production. Superoxides 123-133 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 0-13 8605038-0 1996 Superoxide anion reduces the ability of myeloperoxidase to damage lipids. Superoxides 0-16 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 40-55 8611025-6 1996 The determination of the rate constants of reaction of superoxide radical with thiols by spectrophotometrical cytochrome C assay could result in an underestimation of the values due to the reduction of cytochrome C by thiols. Superoxides 55-73 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 110-122 8611025-6 1996 The determination of the rate constants of reaction of superoxide radical with thiols by spectrophotometrical cytochrome C assay could result in an underestimation of the values due to the reduction of cytochrome C by thiols. Superoxides 55-73 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 202-214 8611027-4 1996 Spectroscopic studies indicated NADH:molecular oxygen reductase activity resulted in the production of the superoxide radical, detected as the formation of adrenochrome from epinephrine and by the formation of adrenochrome from epinephrine and by the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium, both of which could be inhibited by the addition of superoxide dismutase and were unaffected by the addition of catalase. Superoxides 107-125 catalase Homo sapiens 399-407 8617263-7 1996 In summary, an activity has been identified in human and mouse melanoma cells that catalyzes the superoxide-dependent polymerization of (HO)2IndCOOH to melanin in vitro, and appears to be a function of the pmel 17/silver protein of the human pmel 17 gene and the mouse silver locus. Superoxides 97-107 premelanosome protein Homo sapiens 242-249 9772673-11 1996 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) plays an important role in protecting cells against superoxide radical (O2-.) Superoxides 79-97 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 22-25 9772673-11 1996 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) plays an important role in protecting cells against superoxide radical (O2-.) Superoxides 99-101 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 22-25 8651446-17 1996 These data suggest that (1) both acute and chronic alcohol administration to rats inhibit AM TNF-alpha and NO secretion; (2) acute and chronic alcohol treatment have differential effects on AM O2- secretion; and (3) alcohol-induced alteration in AM TNF-alpha, O2-, and NO secretion may in part explain the increased susceptibility of alcohol-consuming individuals to pulmonary infections. Superoxides 260-262 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 249-258 8850321-11 1996 These results indicated that transfection with the SOD gene was effective against superoxide anion induced cytotoxicity. Superoxides 82-98 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 51-54 8641336-1 1996 Interleukin-10 (IL-10) inhibited the production of superoxide anion (02-) by both unactivated and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-activated human monocytes. Superoxides 51-67 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 98-114 8641336-1 1996 Interleukin-10 (IL-10) inhibited the production of superoxide anion (02-) by both unactivated and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-activated human monocytes. Superoxides 51-67 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 116-125 8641336-7 1996 On the other hand, the induced O2- production by human monocytic leukemia cell lines (THP-1 and HL60) was not inhibited by IL-10. Superoxides 31-33 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 86-91 8641338-1 1996 Both monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF) and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) stimulated an increase in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and changes in intracellular pH (pHi) in human monocytes in parallel at lower concentrations and stimulated superoxide (O2-) release and changes in transmembrane potential in parallel at higher concentrations. Superoxides 272-282 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 100-104 8641338-1 1996 Both monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF) and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) stimulated an increase in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and changes in intracellular pH (pHi) in human monocytes in parallel at lower concentrations and stimulated superoxide (O2-) release and changes in transmembrane potential in parallel at higher concentrations. Superoxides 284-286 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 100-104 8641338-9 1996 These findings suggest that MCAF, alone or in concert with other cytokines, primes monocytes for enhanced release of 02-, and that MCAF- or FMLP-induced intracellular acidification and alkalinization are closely associated with an increase in [Ca2+]i, but not O2- release. Superoxides 260-262 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 140-144 8683033-5 1996 The superoxide anion production was stimulated by Zymosan, the TNF release by LPS. Superoxides 4-20 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 63-66 8683033-6 1996 By incubation with 5 x 10(-6) and 5 x 10(-7) M Salbutamol or 5 x 10(-7) and 5 x 10(-8) M Isoproterenol prior to the stimulation, the production of superoxide anions as well as of TNF was inhibited to a significant degree. Superoxides 147-164 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 179-182 8655638-0 1996 Involvement of protein phosphatase 2A in PKC-independent pathway of neutrophil superoxide generation by fMLP. Superoxides 79-89 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 104-108 8655638-2 1996 Superoxide generation induced by fMLP was inhibited by low-dose okadaic acid (10-100 nM), but it had no effect on superoxide synthesis by PMA, and the fMLP-induced rise of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration was not affected by low-dose okadaic acid. Superoxides 0-10 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 33-37 8655638-2 1996 Superoxide generation induced by fMLP was inhibited by low-dose okadaic acid (10-100 nM), but it had no effect on superoxide synthesis by PMA, and the fMLP-induced rise of the intracellular Ca2+ concentration was not affected by low-dose okadaic acid. Superoxides 0-10 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 151-155 8655638-6 1996 These findings suggested that fMLP induced phosphorylation of serine residues in p47phox was regulated by protein phosphatase 2A, and its phosphorylation was necessary for translocation and superoxide generation in fMLP-activated human neutrophils. Superoxides 190-200 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 30-34 8655638-6 1996 These findings suggested that fMLP induced phosphorylation of serine residues in p47phox was regulated by protein phosphatase 2A, and its phosphorylation was necessary for translocation and superoxide generation in fMLP-activated human neutrophils. Superoxides 190-200 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 215-219 8603994-0 1996 Alkyl-PAF and acyl-PAF human neutrophil priming for enhanced fMLP- and rC5a-induced superoxide anion production. Superoxides 84-100 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 8555272-0 1996 C2-ceramide primes specifically for the superoxide anion production induced by N-formylmethionylleucyl phenylalanine (fMLP) in human neutrophils. Superoxides 40-56 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 118-122 8555272-3 1996 The preincubation of PMN for 15 min with C2-ceramide increased by up to almost 3-fold the amounts of O2- generated in response to 0.1 and 1 microM fMLP. Superoxides 101-103 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 147-151 8555272-5 1996 Though less potent than C2-ceramide, C6-ceramide (N-hexanoylsphingosine) could prime for O2- generated in response to 0.1 microM fMLP, with maximal effects obtained at 10-20 microM. Superoxides 89-91 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 129-133 8555272-7 1996 As expected, TNF-alpha (1000 U/ml), also primed for fMLP-induced O2- production; however, the combination of TNF-alpha and C2-ceramide showed no additive effect. Superoxides 65-67 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 13-22 8555272-7 1996 As expected, TNF-alpha (1000 U/ml), also primed for fMLP-induced O2- production; however, the combination of TNF-alpha and C2-ceramide showed no additive effect. Superoxides 65-67 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 52-56 8555272-14 1996 The priming of O2- production by C2-ceramide could involve yet unidentified mechanisms specific for fMLP, or it might imply that cytokines such as TNF-alpha have different mechanisms than C2-ceramide. Superoxides 15-17 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 100-104 8543834-8 1996 Although iC5b67 antagonizes C5a and FMLP receptor-mediated superoxide generation, iC5b67 had no effect on PMA-induced superoxide formation. Superoxides 59-69 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 36-49 8739176-2 1996 SST inhibited the production of PGE2 from monocytes stimulated by opsonized zymosan in all groups including the healthy control group and also inhibited the production of superoxide from PMNC after stimulation with FMLP. Superoxides 171-181 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 215-219 8743981-14 1996 The high level of EC SOD in vessels, and its localization between endothelial and smooth muscle cells, suggest that regulation of superoxide may be particularly important in this region, possibly in regulating vascular tone. Superoxides 130-140 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 18-24 8772511-3 1996 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) prevents this reaction by converting O2-. Superoxides 64-66 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 8772511-3 1996 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) prevents this reaction by converting O2-. Superoxides 64-66 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 8546573-11 1996 In addition, the IL-6-treated population produced more superoxide after 24 hours than did the untreated or heat-denature IL-6-treated groups, after either activating stimulus. Superoxides 55-65 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 17-21 8546573-12 1996 CONCLUSIONS: Interleukin-6 delays PMN apoptosis, resulting in a larger population of surviving PMNs with a greater collective capacity for superoxide production. Superoxides 139-149 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 13-26 8616950-3 1996 Similar to PMNL, monocytes obtained from IgA nephropathy (IgAN) seemed to be primed both non-specifically and specifically, as increased O2- generation was observed to N-formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine (FMLP) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), as well as IgA aggregates stimulants, respectively. Superoxides 137-139 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 209-213 9030886-9 1996 The superoxide radical generated by xanthine and xanthine oxidase reaction also formed 1 mumol/l GSA from 1 mumol/l ASA and the GSA formation was inhibited by superoxide dismutase or catalase almost completely. Superoxides 4-14 catalase Homo sapiens 183-191 8726812-9 1996 Superoxide production in 100 microliters aliquots of aqueous fluid was 0.95 +/- 0.18 and 0.6 +/- 0.18 nmol O2/10 min in control eyes and in the eyes bearing sequestered TGF-beta 1, respectively (p < 0.02). Superoxides 0-10 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: transforming growth factor beta-1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 169-179 8720914-5 1996 The reaction constants with the reactive oxygen species hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical were also calculated and found to be 1.5 x 10(9) M-1s-1 and 8.1 x 10(2) M-1s-1, respectively. Superoxides 77-95 tumor associated calcium signal transducer 2 Homo sapiens 145-151 8720914-5 1996 The reaction constants with the reactive oxygen species hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical were also calculated and found to be 1.5 x 10(9) M-1s-1 and 8.1 x 10(2) M-1s-1, respectively. Superoxides 77-95 tumor associated calcium signal transducer 2 Homo sapiens 168-174 23282589-4 1996 High IL-4 concentrations are able to overcome the impairment in downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines and superoxide anions, respectively. Superoxides 112-129 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 5-9 8551399-3 1996 The data indicate that mutations in the p47-phagocyte oxidase component of the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase component do not completely prevent oxidation despite severe defects in superoxide generation. Superoxides 211-221 dual oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 87-138 8613791-5 1996 Death induced by SOD1 downregulation appeared to require the reaction of superoxide with nitric oxide (NO) to form peroxynitrite. Superoxides 73-83 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 17-21 8770966-11 1996 While superoxide anion reduces ET-1 levels, H2O2 leads to enhanced production of the peptide. Superoxides 6-22 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 31-35 8699936-6 1996 These data show that decreased superoxide generation by neutrophils in insulin-dependent diabetics is, in part, due to impaired activation of phospholipase D and is solely due to high glucose concentrations. Superoxides 31-41 glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1 Homo sapiens 142-157 8699936-3 1996 We report herein that neutrophils from poorly controlled diabetics have impaired ability to generate superoxide in response to N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP) but not to 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Superoxides 101-111 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 127-147 8699936-3 1996 We report herein that neutrophils from poorly controlled diabetics have impaired ability to generate superoxide in response to N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP) but not to 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Superoxides 101-111 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 149-153 8761342-1 1996 It has been proposed that the pathogenesis of Down"s Syndrome (DS) involves reactive oxygen species (ROS) arising from a gene dosage effect that disproportionately elevates superoxide dismutase (SOD1) activity. Superoxides 173-183 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 195-199 8717151-1 1996 In human neutrophils, histamine H2-receptors mediate activation of adenylyl cyclase (AC) and inhibition of N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP)-induced superoxide anion (O2-) formation, and in HL-60 promyelocytes, H2-receptors mediate parallel activation of AC, phospholipase C (PLC) and non-selective cation (NSC) channels. Superoxides 168-184 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 154-158 8717151-1 1996 In human neutrophils, histamine H2-receptors mediate activation of adenylyl cyclase (AC) and inhibition of N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP)-induced superoxide anion (O2-) formation, and in HL-60 promyelocytes, H2-receptors mediate parallel activation of AC, phospholipase C (PLC) and non-selective cation (NSC) channels. Superoxides 186-188 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 154-158 8825394-0 1996 Endothelin-1 has a priming effect on production of superoxide anion by alveolar macrophages: its possible correlation with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Superoxides 51-67 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 0-12 8676749-1 1996 The impairment of superoxide anion (O2-) generation by aged polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) stimulated with formyl-methionyl-leucine-phenylalanine (FMLP) has been reported. Superoxides 18-34 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 146-150 8676749-1 1996 The impairment of superoxide anion (O2-) generation by aged polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) stimulated with formyl-methionyl-leucine-phenylalanine (FMLP) has been reported. Superoxides 36-38 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 146-150 8825394-7 1996 PMA-stimulated production of O2- increased when cells were preincubated with several doses of ET-1 (5 x 10(-13) to 2 x 10(-12) M), whereas ET-3 was without effect. Superoxides 29-31 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 94-98 8825394-8 1996 TAS contained significant amounts of immunoreactive ET-1, and there was a close positive correlation (r = 0.764) between the activity of O2- production and immunoreactive ET-1 levels in TAS samples. Superoxides 137-139 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 52-56 8825394-8 1996 TAS contained significant amounts of immunoreactive ET-1, and there was a close positive correlation (r = 0.764) between the activity of O2- production and immunoreactive ET-1 levels in TAS samples. Superoxides 137-139 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 171-175 8825394-9 1996 These results may be interpreted to indicate that ET-1 synthesized by and secreted from tracheal epithelial cells and/or alveolar macrophages has a priming effect on alveolar macrophages to produce O2-, thus possibly contributing to the development of BPD. Superoxides 198-201 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 50-54 8961380-2 1996 After stimulation with substance P (30 microM), single synovial A (macrophage-like) or B (fibroblast-like) cells released oxyradicals such as superoxide anions (O2-) and/or hypochlorous anions (OCl-) under a microscope equipped with an ultrasensitive photonic image intensifier. Superoxides 142-159 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 23-34 8961380-2 1996 After stimulation with substance P (30 microM), single synovial A (macrophage-like) or B (fibroblast-like) cells released oxyradicals such as superoxide anions (O2-) and/or hypochlorous anions (OCl-) under a microscope equipped with an ultrasensitive photonic image intensifier. Superoxides 161-164 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 23-34 8521415-6 1995 These findings indicate that intracellular SOD is involved in cell motility by virtue of its action in scavenging superoxide in the cells. Superoxides 114-124 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 43-46 8541554-6 1995 Calmodulin antagonists (calmidazolium and W-7) caused up to 80% inhibition of MBP-stimulated O2- production. Superoxides 93-95 calmodulin 1 Homo sapiens 0-10 7493969-6 1995 Adding superoxide dismutase to the medium markedly reduced the ratio of NO3- to NO2-, consistent with the hypothesis that NO3- in the medium results primarily from the extracellular reaction of NO with O2-.. Superoxides 81-83 NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist Homo sapiens 122-125 8719801-2 1995 The role of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn SOD) in protection of nitrergic neurotransmission in the mouse anococcygeus was investigated by use of duroquinone (DQ), which generates superoxide anions within tissues via reduction by flavoprotein enzymes. Superoxides 189-206 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 46-55 8567031-0 1995 Serine protease inhibitors block priming of monocytes for enhanced release of superoxide. Superoxides 78-88 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 0-15 8567031-5 1995 The ability of LPS, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha or PAF to maintain the high superoxide response was blocked by addition of inhibitors of serine proteases, either 4-(2-aminoethyl)-benzenesulphonyl fluoride (AEBSF) or 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin. Superoxides 69-79 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 20-29 8567031-5 1995 The ability of LPS, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha or PAF to maintain the high superoxide response was blocked by addition of inhibitors of serine proteases, either 4-(2-aminoethyl)-benzenesulphonyl fluoride (AEBSF) or 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin. Superoxides 69-79 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 31-40 8567031-11 1995 We conclude that activity of a monocyte serine protease is required to maintain the high superoxide response in monocytes primed with LPS, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, or PAF. Superoxides 89-99 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 40-55 8567031-11 1995 We conclude that activity of a monocyte serine protease is required to maintain the high superoxide response in monocytes primed with LPS, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, or PAF. Superoxides 89-99 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 139-148 8567031-11 1995 We conclude that activity of a monocyte serine protease is required to maintain the high superoxide response in monocytes primed with LPS, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, or PAF. Superoxides 89-99 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 150-159 8595930-3 1995 IFN-gamma treatment enhanced O2- production of fMLP or PMA-stimulated U937 cells. Superoxides 29-31 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 0-9 8595930-3 1995 IFN-gamma treatment enhanced O2- production of fMLP or PMA-stimulated U937 cells. Superoxides 29-31 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 47-51 8595935-2 1995 We found that IdB 1031 did not depress neutrophil phagocytosis and chemotaxis, whereas at a concentration of 10(-4) M it significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the fMLP-triggered neutrophil production of superoxide anion. Superoxides 201-217 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 161-165 8683417-6 1995 Nicotine inhibited production of superoxide anion (measured by reduction of cytochrome c) and hydrogen peroxide (measured by oxidation of phenol red). Superoxides 33-49 cytochrome c Nicotiana tabacum 76-88 8683417-8 1995 By observing that nicotine inhibited the reduction of cytochrome c by reagent potassium superoxide, we determined that nicotine directly absorbed superoxide. Superoxides 88-98 cytochrome c Nicotiana tabacum 54-66 7493016-1 1995 The Sod2 gene for Mn-superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), an intramitochondrial free radical scavenging enzyme that is the first line of defense against superoxide produced as a byproduct of oxidative phosphorylation, was inactivated by homologous recombination. Superoxides 21-31 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 4-8 7493016-1 1995 The Sod2 gene for Mn-superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), an intramitochondrial free radical scavenging enzyme that is the first line of defense against superoxide produced as a byproduct of oxidative phosphorylation, was inactivated by homologous recombination. Superoxides 21-31 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 43-48 7493016-4 1995 These findings indicate that MnSOD is required for normal biological function of tissues by maintaining the integrity of mitochondrial enzymes susceptible to direct inactivation by superoxide. Superoxides 181-191 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 29-34 7578122-2 1995 Zn2+ blocks NADPH-dependent reduction of heme iron in nNOS and also blocks the calmodulin-dependent superoxide-mediated cytochrome c reductase activity exhibited by nNOS. Superoxides 100-110 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 120-132 7594500-4 1995 Incubation with GM-CSF (10 or 100 pM) significantly enhanced FMLP-stimulated EOS superoxide anion (O2-) generation, LTC4 release, and adhesion to tissue culture plates. Superoxides 81-97 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 7594500-4 1995 Incubation with GM-CSF (10 or 100 pM) significantly enhanced FMLP-stimulated EOS superoxide anion (O2-) generation, LTC4 release, and adhesion to tissue culture plates. Superoxides 99-101 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 7594506-8 1995 In addition, H22 is able to trigger superoxide release from Fc gamma RI-bearing cells, a finding that demonstrates that H22 triggers Fc gamma RI functions. Superoxides 36-46 histocompatibility 22 Mus musculus 13-16 7594506-8 1995 In addition, H22 is able to trigger superoxide release from Fc gamma RI-bearing cells, a finding that demonstrates that H22 triggers Fc gamma RI functions. Superoxides 36-46 Fc receptor, IgG, high affinity I Mus musculus 60-71 7594506-8 1995 In addition, H22 is able to trigger superoxide release from Fc gamma RI-bearing cells, a finding that demonstrates that H22 triggers Fc gamma RI functions. Superoxides 36-46 histocompatibility 22 Mus musculus 120-123 7594506-8 1995 In addition, H22 is able to trigger superoxide release from Fc gamma RI-bearing cells, a finding that demonstrates that H22 triggers Fc gamma RI functions. Superoxides 36-46 Fc receptor, IgG, high affinity I Mus musculus 133-144 7583586-5 1995 The EC-SOD concentration in the human arterial wall extracellular space is high enough to efficiently suppress the putative pathological effects of the superoxide radical, such as oxidation of LDL and reaction with nitric oxide to form the deleterious peroxynitrite. Superoxides 152-170 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 4-10 7583586-8 1995 This wide variation in EC-SOD content suggests that the susceptibility to pathologies induced by superoxide radicals in the vascular wall interstitium should vary widely among species. Superoxides 97-107 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 23-29 8555055-1 1995 Human neutrophils, plated on fibronectin-coated polystyrene wells, were found to exhibit a prolonged production of superoxide anion (O2-) in response to tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF). Superoxides 115-131 fibronectin 1 Homo sapiens 29-40 7492242-3 1995 The generation of superoxide anion (O2-) was used as a measure of oxidative activity using 10(-7) mol/l N-formyl-methionylleucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) as the stimulating agonist and 10(-8) mol/l platelet activating factor (PAF) as the priming agent. Superoxides 18-34 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 144-148 7492242-4 1995 RESULTS: The production of O2- by blood and synovial fluid neutrophils from RA patients in response to FMLP was greater than that observed with control blood neutrophils (p < 0.001). Superoxides 27-29 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 103-107 8555055-1 1995 Human neutrophils, plated on fibronectin-coated polystyrene wells, were found to exhibit a prolonged production of superoxide anion (O2-) in response to tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF). Superoxides 115-131 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 183-186 8555055-1 1995 Human neutrophils, plated on fibronectin-coated polystyrene wells, were found to exhibit a prolonged production of superoxide anion (O2-) in response to tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF). Superoxides 133-136 fibronectin 1 Homo sapiens 29-40 8555055-1 1995 Human neutrophils, plated on fibronectin-coated polystyrene wells, were found to exhibit a prolonged production of superoxide anion (O2-) in response to tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF). Superoxides 133-136 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 183-186 8588923-2 1995 This method, for use with the particulate neutrophil activator, is a modification of the cytochrome c reduction system that measures O2- release from adherent neutrophils stimulated with soluble mediators such as phorbol-myristate-acetate (PMA). Superoxides 133-135 LOC101107954 Ovis aries 89-101 8750888-9 1995 It is proposed that superoxide radicals affect spreading depression and brain edema produced by TBI and that this effect may either directly or indirectly modulate the expression of the c-fos and hsp70 genes after TBI. Superoxides 20-39 heat shock protein 1B Mus musculus 196-201 7591064-0 1995 Growth hormone activation of human monocytes for superoxide production but not tumor necrosis factor production, cell adherence, or action against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Superoxides 49-59 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-14 8555055-2 1995 The TNF-triggered O2- production was significantly reduced by 10 microM prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), which was ineffective at lower doses. Superoxides 18-20 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 4-7 8555055-4 1995 When PGE2 and RO 20-1724 were added together to TNF-triggered neutrophils they caused a marked synergistic inhibition of O2- production. Superoxides 121-123 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 48-51 8555055-8 1995 Moreover, the membrane-permeable analogue of cAMP, dibutyryl cAMP, was found to inhibit the TNF-induced O2- production in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 104-106 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 92-95 8655288-4 1995 Micromolar concentrations of pentoxifylline decreased native and recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha)-primed formyl met-leu-phe (fMLP)-stimulated PMN chemiluminescence, superoxide production and myeloperoxidase (MPO) release. Superoxides 184-194 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 106-115 8655288-4 1995 Micromolar concentrations of pentoxifylline decreased native and recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha)-primed formyl met-leu-phe (fMLP)-stimulated PMN chemiluminescence, superoxide production and myeloperoxidase (MPO) release. Superoxides 184-194 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 144-148 8655292-0 1995 Stimulation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infected cells with superoxide enhances the chemotactic motile response of CD4+ human T cells: implication for virus transmission by cell-to-cell interaction. Superoxides 71-81 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 126-129 8655292-2 1995 In this study, we describe a novel chemotactic response of uninfected CD4+ T cells by stimulating infected T cells with O2-. Superoxides 120-123 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 70-73 8655292-6 1995 In addition, it is unlikely that the O2(-)-induced chemotactic response is due to soluble HIV-1 proteins from infected cells or to amplified expression levels of cell surface functional molecules such as CD4 and LFA-1 (CD11a and CD18) as well as HIV-1 Env gp120 on uninfected and/or infected cells. Superoxides 37-40 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 204-207 8590308-7 1995 To elucidate the cause of the inhibition of cell differentiation by IFN-gamma, the ability of the cells to produce superoxide (O2-) was examined after culture for 5 days in the presence of 1,25(OH)2D3 and IFN-gamma. Superoxides 115-125 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 68-77 8590308-8 1995 The results indicated that the inhibition of IFN-gamma was caused by a reduction in the ability of the cells to produce O2- in response to stimulation by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA). Superoxides 120-122 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 45-54 7474002-10 1995 The enhanced NO3- formation may well result from NO reacting with oxygen-free radicals counteracting superoxide anion-induced destruction of tissue, thereby potentially functioning as a protectant molecule. Superoxides 101-117 NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist Homo sapiens 13-16 7578267-2 1995 Differentiation with the combination of either RA (1 microM) or 1,25-D3 (10 nM) with IFN-gamma (100 IU/ml) induced NADPH oxidase activity as demonstrated by increased superoxide anion (O2-) generation in response to stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA, 100 nM). Superoxides 167-183 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 85-94 7578267-2 1995 Differentiation with the combination of either RA (1 microM) or 1,25-D3 (10 nM) with IFN-gamma (100 IU/ml) induced NADPH oxidase activity as demonstrated by increased superoxide anion (O2-) generation in response to stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA, 100 nM). Superoxides 185-187 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 85-94 8595067-5 1995 The time dependence of COX-2 inhibitors might afford some clues to a better understanding of the mechanism of COX-2 selective inhibition, on the discrepancy between some authors about the potency of the drug and on the relationship between COX-2 inhibition and inhibition of superoxide anion production, an event also characterized by a time dependence. Superoxides 275-291 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 23-28 8595067-5 1995 The time dependence of COX-2 inhibitors might afford some clues to a better understanding of the mechanism of COX-2 selective inhibition, on the discrepancy between some authors about the potency of the drug and on the relationship between COX-2 inhibition and inhibition of superoxide anion production, an event also characterized by a time dependence. Superoxides 275-291 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 110-115 8595067-5 1995 The time dependence of COX-2 inhibitors might afford some clues to a better understanding of the mechanism of COX-2 selective inhibition, on the discrepancy between some authors about the potency of the drug and on the relationship between COX-2 inhibition and inhibition of superoxide anion production, an event also characterized by a time dependence. Superoxides 275-291 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 110-115 8593536-5 1995 However, the role of superoxide radicals in the autoxidation of leucoadrenochrome during the reduction of adrenochrome by DT-diaphorase was found to be predominant. Superoxides 21-31 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 122-135 7559438-1 1995 Neuronal NO synthase (NOS) is a flavin-containing hemeprotein that generates NO from L-arginine, NADPH, and O2. Superoxides 108-110 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 9-20 7590390-2 1995 Certain of their components stimulate further superoxide production by competent cells, as shown with cytochrome c assay in previous work. Superoxides 46-56 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 102-114 7573383-0 1995 Effects of peroxide and superoxide on coronary artery: ANG II response and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump. Superoxides 24-34 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 55-61 7670947-8 1995 In the absence of paracetamol, SOD and catalase inhibited the modification of LDL (P < .05), suggesting that superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide might be involved in the cell-mediated modification pathway. Superoxides 112-129 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 31-34 8538064-3 1995 O2- production of peritoneal macrophages in the M-5 (50 mg/kg)-treated group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Superoxides 0-2 cholinergic receptor, muscarinic 5 Mus musculus 48-51 7654216-1 1995 Detergent-mediated activation of the phagocyte superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase requires the participation of at least four proteins: the membrane-bound heterodimeric cytochrome b558 and three cytosolic components, p47-phox, p67-phox and a Rac1/Rac2 protein. Superoxides 47-57 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 228-231 7654216-1 1995 Detergent-mediated activation of the phagocyte superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase requires the participation of at least four proteins: the membrane-bound heterodimeric cytochrome b558 and three cytosolic components, p47-phox, p67-phox and a Rac1/Rac2 protein. Superoxides 47-57 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 248-252 7664497-1 1995 Human neutrophils, plated on fibronectin-precoated wells, were found to release large quantities of superoxide anion (O2-) in response to GM-CSF. Superoxides 100-116 fibronectin 1 Homo sapiens 29-40 7664497-1 1995 Human neutrophils, plated on fibronectin-precoated wells, were found to release large quantities of superoxide anion (O2-) in response to GM-CSF. Superoxides 118-120 fibronectin 1 Homo sapiens 29-40 7670947-8 1995 In the absence of paracetamol, SOD and catalase inhibited the modification of LDL (P < .05), suggesting that superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide might be involved in the cell-mediated modification pathway. Superoxides 112-129 catalase Homo sapiens 39-47 7544379-10 1995 Interestingly, although superoxide production by eosinophils triggered by immobilized IgG was inhibited by mAb to CD18, superoxide production and morphologic change of neutrophils were not. Superoxides 24-34 integrin subunit beta 2 Homo sapiens 114-118 7543540-0 1995 Eosinophil adhesion to vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 activates superoxide anion generation. Superoxides 67-83 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 23-56 7543540-4 1995 In addition, eosinophils incubated in VCAM-1-coated wells spontaneously generated modest but significant amounts of superoxide anion (O2-; 2.0 +/- 1.3 vs 00.5 +/- 0.5 nmol/5 x 10(5) cells, n = 9, p = 0.029). Superoxides 116-132 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 38-44 7543540-4 1995 In addition, eosinophils incubated in VCAM-1-coated wells spontaneously generated modest but significant amounts of superoxide anion (O2-; 2.0 +/- 1.3 vs 00.5 +/- 0.5 nmol/5 x 10(5) cells, n = 9, p = 0.029). Superoxides 134-136 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 38-44 7543540-5 1995 Moreover, when 100 nM FMLP was added to eosinophils in the presence of VCAM-1, significantly greater O2- generation occurred (7.2 +/- 0.9 vs 5.4 +/- 1.0 (FCS control) nmol/5 x 10(5) cells, n = 9, p = 0.009). Superoxides 101-103 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 22-26 7543540-5 1995 Moreover, when 100 nM FMLP was added to eosinophils in the presence of VCAM-1, significantly greater O2- generation occurred (7.2 +/- 0.9 vs 5.4 +/- 1.0 (FCS control) nmol/5 x 10(5) cells, n = 9, p = 0.009). Superoxides 101-103 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 71-77 7543540-7 1995 In contrast, the anti-CD18 mAb, L130, inhibited the spontaneous and enhanced O2- generation to FMLP without affecting adhesion, suggesting an involvement of CD18 molecule(s) only in VCAM-1-enhanced respiratory burst. Superoxides 77-79 integrin subunit beta 2 Homo sapiens 22-26 7543540-7 1995 In contrast, the anti-CD18 mAb, L130, inhibited the spontaneous and enhanced O2- generation to FMLP without affecting adhesion, suggesting an involvement of CD18 molecule(s) only in VCAM-1-enhanced respiratory burst. Superoxides 77-79 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 95-99 7543540-7 1995 In contrast, the anti-CD18 mAb, L130, inhibited the spontaneous and enhanced O2- generation to FMLP without affecting adhesion, suggesting an involvement of CD18 molecule(s) only in VCAM-1-enhanced respiratory burst. Superoxides 77-79 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 182-188 8546861-1 1995 The electrochemical determination of superoxide anion generation by isolated mammalian osteoclasts was carried out by employing cytochrome c, immobilized at a surface-modified gold electrode. Superoxides 37-53 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 128-140 7648381-0 1995 IFN-gamma activates superoxide anion production in blood monocytes from allergic asthmatic patients. Superoxides 20-36 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 0-9 7648381-3 1995 Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), a monocyte-activating lymphokine, has been shown to prime monocytes for superoxide anion release. Superoxides 102-118 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 0-16 7648381-3 1995 Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), a monocyte-activating lymphokine, has been shown to prime monocytes for superoxide anion release. Superoxides 102-118 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 18-27 7648381-4 1995 OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that IFN-gamma could directly activate blood monocyte superoxide anion release and evaluated its modulatory effect on IgE-induced superoxide anion release from those cells. Superoxides 81-97 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 32-41 7648381-4 1995 OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that IFN-gamma could directly activate blood monocyte superoxide anion release and evaluated its modulatory effect on IgE-induced superoxide anion release from those cells. Superoxides 157-173 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 32-41 7648381-8 1995 RESULTS: We found that IFN-gamma stimulated superoxide anion production and decreased the IgE-induced superoxide anion production after 30 minutes of IFN-gamma preincubation only in blood monocytes from patients with allergic asthma. Superoxides 44-60 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 23-32 7648381-8 1995 RESULTS: We found that IFN-gamma stimulated superoxide anion production and decreased the IgE-induced superoxide anion production after 30 minutes of IFN-gamma preincubation only in blood monocytes from patients with allergic asthma. Superoxides 102-118 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 23-32 7648381-8 1995 RESULTS: We found that IFN-gamma stimulated superoxide anion production and decreased the IgE-induced superoxide anion production after 30 minutes of IFN-gamma preincubation only in blood monocytes from patients with allergic asthma. Superoxides 102-118 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 150-159 7639707-4 1995 The difference in the efficacy of both NO-generating compounds could be due to the additional release of superoxide by SIN-1, since superoxide dismutase and the nitrone 5,5"-dimethyl pyrroline-1-oxide markedly inhibited the SIN-1-induced covalent binding of NAD+ to GAPDH. Superoxides 105-115 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 119-124 7639707-4 1995 The difference in the efficacy of both NO-generating compounds could be due to the additional release of superoxide by SIN-1, since superoxide dismutase and the nitrone 5,5"-dimethyl pyrroline-1-oxide markedly inhibited the SIN-1-induced covalent binding of NAD+ to GAPDH. Superoxides 105-115 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 224-229 7639707-4 1995 The difference in the efficacy of both NO-generating compounds could be due to the additional release of superoxide by SIN-1, since superoxide dismutase and the nitrone 5,5"-dimethyl pyrroline-1-oxide markedly inhibited the SIN-1-induced covalent binding of NAD+ to GAPDH. Superoxides 105-115 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 266-271 7639707-6 1995 Supporting further a role of oxygen free radicals in the NAD+ linkage to GAPDH, pyrogallol, a superoxide generator, which alone was ineffective, potentiated the SNP-evoked response. Superoxides 94-104 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 73-78 7639707-7 1995 The NAD+ linkage to neuronal GAPDH measured in the presence of NO and superoxide probably involves sulphydryl groups, since the radiolabelling of the protein was reversed by exposure to HgCl2 and prevented by pretreatment with the alkylating agent N-ethylmaleimide. Superoxides 70-80 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 29-34 7639707-9 1995 In conclusion, the present study indicates that superoxide anions potentiate NO-induced covalent NAD(+)-linkage to GAPDH and enzyme inactivation. Superoxides 48-65 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 115-120 7795241-1 1995 The 67-kD cytosolic protein (p67-phox) is an essential component of the superoxide-generating system in phagocytes, and its defect is known to cause chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Superoxides 72-82 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 29-32 7639508-2 1995 The generation of superoxide anion was detected by measuring the superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of oxidized cytochrome C. Superoxides 18-34 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 120-132 7649487-5 1995 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) (20 units/ml) inhibited the formation of the superoxide spin adduct of DMPO completely. Superoxides 72-82 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 7649487-5 1995 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) (20 units/ml) inhibited the formation of the superoxide spin adduct of DMPO completely. Superoxides 72-82 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 7643012-0 1995 C1q triggers neutrophil superoxide production by a unique CD18-dependent mechanism. Superoxides 24-34 integrin subunit beta 2 Homo sapiens 58-62 7638161-5 1995 Pretreatment with superoxide dismutase and catalase to scavenge O2.- partially prevents the apoptotic process triggered by S-nitrosocysteine or 3-morpholinosydnonimine. Superoxides 64-66 catalase Homo sapiens 43-51 7548755-5 1995 The effect of cytosol was inhibited by potassium cyanide but not by sodium benzoate or dimethyl sulfoxide, and was also not affected by heating at 60 degrees C for 30 min, suggesting that superoxide (SO) ion was involved in the reaction and that it was blocked by superoxide dismutase (SOD) present in the cytosol. Superoxides 188-198 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 286-289 7638753-8 1995 Also, fMLP-activated PMNs collected between 3 and 24 hours after injury expressed more O2- than controls (p < or = 0.02), indicating in vivo, trauma-related priming. Superoxides 87-89 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 6-10 7582190-4 1995 In neutrophils obtained from serial blood samples, superoxide anion production (SOP) was determined by superoxide dismutase-inhibited reduction of cytochrome C and chemotactic mobility in the microchemotaxis chamber. Superoxides 51-67 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 147-159 7601250-1 1995 Together, interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and IL-1 beta primed human neutrophils for enhanced release of superoxide (O2-) stimulated by chemotactic peptide, chemokine, and plant lectin, and alone, each triggered O2- release in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 106-116 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 47-56 7601250-1 1995 Together, interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and IL-1 beta primed human neutrophils for enhanced release of superoxide (O2-) stimulated by chemotactic peptide, chemokine, and plant lectin, and alone, each triggered O2- release in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 118-120 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 47-56 7601250-1 1995 Together, interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and IL-1 beta primed human neutrophils for enhanced release of superoxide (O2-) stimulated by chemotactic peptide, chemokine, and plant lectin, and alone, each triggered O2- release in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 213-215 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 47-56 7638274-5 1995 The UVA-dependent H2O2 formation was increased 50% by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and abolished by catalase, arguing for the initial generation of superoxide anion. Superoxides 146-162 catalase Homo sapiens 98-106 7607648-5 1995 The clastogenic effect was exerted via the intermediacy of superoxide radicals, since it was regularly inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 59-69 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 116-136 7607648-5 1995 The clastogenic effect was exerted via the intermediacy of superoxide radicals, since it was regularly inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 59-69 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 138-141 7616102-1 1995 Cytosolic components of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase (p47phox, p67phox, and Rac2) translocate to the plasma membrane on cell activation where they interact with a membrane-bound cytochrome b to generate superoxide anion. Superoxides 202-218 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 75-79 7616108-3 1995 Priming of microglial cell cultures with interferon-gamma or tumor necrosis factor-alpha resulted in a dose- and time-dependent enhancement of O2- production. Superoxides 143-145 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 41-88 7562400-2 1995 The generation of O2- from the cells induced by saponins was monitored by the reduction of cytochrome c. Superoxides 18-20 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 91-103 7668025-3 1995 The superoxide anion (O2-)-release of normal neutrophil granulocytes in response to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) has been investigated after incubation with sera of patients with active and inactive Crohn"s disease and ulcerative colitis. Superoxides 4-20 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 125-129 7668025-3 1995 The superoxide anion (O2-)-release of normal neutrophil granulocytes in response to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) has been investigated after incubation with sera of patients with active and inactive Crohn"s disease and ulcerative colitis. Superoxides 22-24 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 125-129 7668025-7 1995 The study shows that sera of patients with quiescent IBD as well as sera of patients with active disease have the potential to prime normal neutrophil granulocytes for an enhanced O2(-)-release in response to FMLP. Superoxides 180-182 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 209-213 7797573-10 1995 As in HL-60 cells, cAMP inhibited the O2-production in fMLP-stimulated PMNs but had no effect on MAPK activity. Superoxides 38-40 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 55-59 7767513-6 1995 Cells from antigen-challenged sites spontaneously produced a prominent DMPO-OH signal that was inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD), indicating the production of superoxide anions (O2-.). Superoxides 165-182 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 108-128 7767513-6 1995 Cells from antigen-challenged sites spontaneously produced a prominent DMPO-OH signal that was inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD), indicating the production of superoxide anions (O2-.). Superoxides 165-182 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 130-133 7767513-6 1995 Cells from antigen-challenged sites spontaneously produced a prominent DMPO-OH signal that was inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD), indicating the production of superoxide anions (O2-.). Superoxides 184-186 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 108-128 7767513-6 1995 Cells from antigen-challenged sites spontaneously produced a prominent DMPO-OH signal that was inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD), indicating the production of superoxide anions (O2-.). Superoxides 184-186 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 130-133 7767513-7 1995 Reduction of ferricytochrome c and production of luminol-dependent chemiluminescence via SOD-inhibitable reactions confirmed the spontaneous production of O2-. Superoxides 155-157 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 89-92 7769095-1 1995 Previous work has shown that the Pseudomonas-derived protease, pseudomonas elastase (PAE), can modify transferrin to form iron complexes capable of catalyzing the formation of hydroxyl radical (.OH) from neutrophil (PMN)-derived superoxide (.O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 229-239 transferrin Homo sapiens 102-113 7642221-6 1995 These results indicate a possible role for PKC in vanadyl hydroperoxide-mediated superoxide production, and that any PKC involvement is downstream of tyrosine phosphorylation. Superoxides 81-91 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 43-46 7790769-1 1995 Neutrophils can inactivate lipopolysaccharide (LPS), thereby blocking the ability of LPS to prime fresh neutrophils for enhanced fMLP-triggered release of superoxide. Superoxides 155-165 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 129-133 7790770-6 1995 However, neutrophils pretreated with interleukin-8 ingested IgA-opsonized microspheres and released superoxide when exposed to IgA antibody-antigen complexes. Superoxides 100-110 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 37-50 7791340-3 1995 Therefore, we hypothesized that reperfused gut secretes platelet activating factor (PAF) via PLA2 activation that is responsible for increased PMN chemotaxis and priming for superoxide (O2-) generation. Superoxides 174-184 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 93-97 7791340-3 1995 Therefore, we hypothesized that reperfused gut secretes platelet activating factor (PAF) via PLA2 activation that is responsible for increased PMN chemotaxis and priming for superoxide (O2-) generation. Superoxides 186-188 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 93-97 7791340-8 1995 Additionally, PMNs were preincubated with or without WEB 2170 and their O2- release in response to 1 microM FMLP was measured by the Vmax of SOD-inhibitable cytochrome c reduction. Superoxides 72-74 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 108-112 7599205-9 1995 Since the likeliest target of mitochondrial mutation is Complex I, deficiency of which causes MnSOD-inhibitable lethality, we propose that rising mtDNA mutations with age will cause an increase in superoxide-mediated cell death. Superoxides 197-207 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 94-99 7735614-1 1995 We were previously able to show that the number of alveolar macrophages (AM) expressing CD11/CD18 molecules is increased in smokers compared with nonsmokers and related to the superoxide anion (O2-) production of these cells. Superoxides 176-192 integrin subunit beta 2 Homo sapiens 93-97 7735614-1 1995 We were previously able to show that the number of alveolar macrophages (AM) expressing CD11/CD18 molecules is increased in smokers compared with nonsmokers and related to the superoxide anion (O2-) production of these cells. Superoxides 194-196 integrin subunit beta 2 Homo sapiens 93-97 7762668-4 1995 IFN-gamma-induced, FMLP-stimulated, PMN-mediated cytotoxicity was reduced by adding superoxide dismutase to scavenge superoxide anion or by adding catalase or glutathione peroxidase to scavenge hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 117-133 interferon gamma Oryctolagus cuniculus 0-9 7722324-7 1995 Glucocorticoid-treated neutrophils produced significantly more superoxide in response to FMLP than untreated controls (p < 0.05). Superoxides 63-73 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 89-93 7738357-0 1995 Interleukin-8 and GRO alpha prime human neutrophils for superoxide anion production and induce up-regulation of N-formyl peptide receptors. Superoxides 56-72 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 0-13 7738357-6 1995 This study indicates that IL-8 and GRO alpha, in addition to their known chemotactic activity, prime neutrophils for superoxide anion production, presumably by up-regulating the number of receptors for strong superoxide-anion-triggering stimuli. Superoxides 117-133 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 26-30 7738357-6 1995 This study indicates that IL-8 and GRO alpha, in addition to their known chemotactic activity, prime neutrophils for superoxide anion production, presumably by up-regulating the number of receptors for strong superoxide-anion-triggering stimuli. Superoxides 209-225 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 26-30 7769095-1 1995 Previous work has shown that the Pseudomonas-derived protease, pseudomonas elastase (PAE), can modify transferrin to form iron complexes capable of catalyzing the formation of hydroxyl radical (.OH) from neutrophil (PMN)-derived superoxide (.O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 242-244 transferrin Homo sapiens 102-113 7537975-5 1995 However, in cells differentiated with 1,25-D3 plus IFN-gamma, prior enrichment with all three PUFA slightly but significantly (P < 0.05) increased the expression of the monocytic surface antigens CD11b and CD14 and generation of superoxide anion. Superoxides 232-248 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 51-60 7733670-2 1995 This result is inconsistent with the conclusion that GO2 can reduce O2 to O2- which is then responsible for the reduction of NBT and of cytochrome c. Superoxides 54-56 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 136-148 7733670-2 1995 This result is inconsistent with the conclusion that GO2 can reduce O2 to O2- which is then responsible for the reduction of NBT and of cytochrome c. Superoxides 68-70 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 136-148 7706751-0 1995 TNF-induced superoxide anion production in adherent human neutrophils involves both the p55 and p75 TNF receptor. Superoxides 12-28 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-3 7706751-0 1995 TNF-induced superoxide anion production in adherent human neutrophils involves both the p55 and p75 TNF receptor. Superoxides 12-28 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 100-103 7706751-3 1995 Two mAbs reacting with TNF-R55 (H398 and TBP2) induced O2 release in a similar manner but to a lesser extent than TNF. Superoxides 55-57 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 23-26 7706751-5 1995 Preincubation of neutrophils (both at 4 and 37 degrees C) with mAb to TNF-R75 decreased TNF-induced superoxide anion production by 67 and 64%, respectively, indicating the essential role also for TNF-R75 in neutrophil activation. Superoxides 100-116 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 70-73 7659074-1 1995 Intact human neutrophils produced superoxide (O2-) by the stimulation with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) even when the extracellular Ca2+ was absent (0.56 +/- 0.13 nmol/min per 10(6) cells). Superoxides 34-44 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 116-120 7565103-7 1995 Unlike the SSA1 and thioredoxin (TRX2) genes, expression of the GSH1 gene is more strongly induced by superoxide anions than by H2O2. Superoxides 102-119 glutamate--cysteine ligase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 64-68 7659074-1 1995 Intact human neutrophils produced superoxide (O2-) by the stimulation with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) even when the extracellular Ca2+ was absent (0.56 +/- 0.13 nmol/min per 10(6) cells). Superoxides 46-49 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 116-120 7659074-3 1995 Moreover, the O2- production by fMLP in the presence of extracellular Ca2+ was enhanced nearly three times by the treatment of cells with H-89, an inhibitor of cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA). Superoxides 14-16 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 32-36 7659074-6 1995 These observations suggest that not only Ca2+ influx but the inhibition of PKA is necessary for the maximum O2- production by fMLP and that the O2- production is partially suppressed by the activation of PKA induced by fMLP. Superoxides 108-110 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 126-130 7659074-6 1995 These observations suggest that not only Ca2+ influx but the inhibition of PKA is necessary for the maximum O2- production by fMLP and that the O2- production is partially suppressed by the activation of PKA induced by fMLP. Superoxides 144-146 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 219-223 7793260-7 1995 It is suggested that CML PMN are in the resting condition in terms of their ability to generate O2- and that IFN-alpha is effective in inducing O2- generation by CML PMN. Superoxides 144-146 interferon alpha 1 Homo sapiens 109-118 7793260-0 1995 Interferon-alpha potentiates priming-dependent FMLP-induced neutrophil superoxide generation in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia. Superoxides 71-81 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 47-51 7606349-7 1995 Similarly, the EP1-receptor agonist, 17-phenyl PGE2 (10 microM), and the EP3/EP1-receptor agonist, sulprostone (10 microM), also inhibited O2- generation, causing 32.2 +/- 7.0% and 15.3 +/- 3.4% inhibition respectively. Superoxides 139-141 prostaglandin E receptor 3 Homo sapiens 73-89 7606203-7 1995 In addition, PSK has suppressed the malignant progression of mouse tumor cells through superoxide trapping. Superoxides 87-97 TAO kinase 2 Mus musculus 13-16 7712674-5 1995 RESULTS: Superoxide generation induced by the stimulating agents increased significantly, reaching a peak after 12 hours (+116% [p < 0.001] for fMLP and +66% [p < 0.05] for PAF). Superoxides 9-19 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 147-151 7712674-8 1995 The mathematic analysis of the effects of ciprofloxacin showed that time to maximal activity was between 10.4 hours (PAF-dependent [Ca2+]i increase), and 15 hours (fMLP-induced superoxide anion and chemiluminescence production). Superoxides 177-193 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 164-168 7633566-1 1995 Superoxide generation by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in suspension, or adherent to glass or plastic, after stimulation with N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine or phorbol myristate acetate was measured by cytochrome c reduction and spin trapping. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 216-228 7665212-5 1995 In the presence of SOD, superoxide anion could not be detected in the medium and the rate of induced-acrosome reaction was decreased greatly. Superoxides 24-40 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 19-22 7722417-8 1995 IFN-gamma activation enhanced superoxide anion generation by D3-treated HL-60 cells but not by OCT-treated HL-60 cells, suggesting that the inhibition of L. pneumophila multiplication in IFN-gamma-activated cells is independent of superoxide generation. Superoxides 30-46 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 0-9 7722417-8 1995 IFN-gamma activation enhanced superoxide anion generation by D3-treated HL-60 cells but not by OCT-treated HL-60 cells, suggesting that the inhibition of L. pneumophila multiplication in IFN-gamma-activated cells is independent of superoxide generation. Superoxides 30-46 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 187-196 7722417-8 1995 IFN-gamma activation enhanced superoxide anion generation by D3-treated HL-60 cells but not by OCT-treated HL-60 cells, suggesting that the inhibition of L. pneumophila multiplication in IFN-gamma-activated cells is independent of superoxide generation. Superoxides 30-40 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 0-9 7613035-2 1995 Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) plays a major role in the protection of the mitochondrion from oxidative damage due to superoxide radicals and other excited oxygen species. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 32-38 7553049-3 1995 They also efficiently inhibited the production of O2- by both unstimulated and IFN-gamma-activated human monocytes. Superoxides 50-52 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 79-88 7553049-5 1995 Moreover, the production of O2- and NO was effectively suppressed whether the IL-10 was added before or together with the stimulus, indicating that this cytokine acts primarily at an early stage of monocyte/macrophage activation by IFN-gamma and LPS. Superoxides 28-30 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 232-241 7553049-6 1995 We also examined the effects of IL-4 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta on the production of O2- and NO by human monocytes and mouse macrophages, and found that they significantly inhibited both the production of O2- by human monocytes and the production of NO by mouse macrophages. Superoxides 100-102 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 32-36 7553049-6 1995 We also examined the effects of IL-4 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta on the production of O2- and NO by human monocytes and mouse macrophages, and found that they significantly inhibited both the production of O2- by human monocytes and the production of NO by mouse macrophages. Superoxides 100-102 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 41-78 7553049-6 1995 We also examined the effects of IL-4 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta on the production of O2- and NO by human monocytes and mouse macrophages, and found that they significantly inhibited both the production of O2- by human monocytes and the production of NO by mouse macrophages. Superoxides 220-222 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 32-36 7553049-6 1995 We also examined the effects of IL-4 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta on the production of O2- and NO by human monocytes and mouse macrophages, and found that they significantly inhibited both the production of O2- by human monocytes and the production of NO by mouse macrophages. Superoxides 220-222 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 41-78 7553049-7 1995 Moreover, a combination of any two of IL-10, IL-4 and TGF-beta caused an additive effect on the inhibition of O2- production by human monocytes. Superoxides 110-112 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 45-49 7553049-7 1995 Moreover, a combination of any two of IL-10, IL-4 and TGF-beta caused an additive effect on the inhibition of O2- production by human monocytes. Superoxides 110-112 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 54-62 7890694-1 1995 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex in phagocytic cells is constituted of a heterodimeric flavocytochrome b and cytosolic factors, p67phox, p47phox and p40phox as well as a small G protein Rac (for review, see Refs. Superoxides 4-14 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 201-204 7726572-4 1995 In this study we demonstrated that AO acts not only upon acetaldehyde but also upon NADH, with superoxide anion radical (O2.-) formation. Superoxides 95-119 aldehyde oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 35-37 7726572-4 1995 In this study we demonstrated that AO acts not only upon acetaldehyde but also upon NADH, with superoxide anion radical (O2.-) formation. Superoxides 121-123 aldehyde oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 35-37 7726572-6 1995 The NADH oxidation by AO promoted the O2.- generation and the ADP-Fe(3+)-dependent microsomal lipid peroxidation in a NADH and AO concentration-dependent manner. Superoxides 38-40 aldehyde oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 22-24 7550090-10 1995 These results suggest that iron ions in the glycated transferrin molecule are bound loosely to the protein and are redox-active and the glycated holotransferrin produces oxygen radicals including O2- and OH. Superoxides 196-199 transferrin Rattus norvegicus 53-64 7584671-1 1995 The influence of CSF therapy on the superoxide (O2-) releasing capacity in response to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) of neutrophils from 32 patients with testicular cancer receiving high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) was assessed: 8 patients were treated as control group without CSF therapy, 12 patients received GM-CSF, and 12 patients received G-CSF. Superoxides 36-46 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 128-132 7858263-5 1995 There was the significant difference in FMLP-induced O2- production in neutrophils of nonpregnant subjects when incubated with the sera from 10 cases (selected among 60 cases with nonoutlying points) (3.86 +/- 0.77 nmol/10(6) cells) compared with 5 cases with outlying points (5.62 +/- 1.19 nmol/10(6) cells) (P < .05) These results suggest that during the normal course of pregnancy, the production of O2- from the function of circulating neutrophils can be dissociated from such neutrophil functions as adherence, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis. Superoxides 53-55 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 40-44 7858263-5 1995 There was the significant difference in FMLP-induced O2- production in neutrophils of nonpregnant subjects when incubated with the sera from 10 cases (selected among 60 cases with nonoutlying points) (3.86 +/- 0.77 nmol/10(6) cells) compared with 5 cases with outlying points (5.62 +/- 1.19 nmol/10(6) cells) (P < .05) These results suggest that during the normal course of pregnancy, the production of O2- from the function of circulating neutrophils can be dissociated from such neutrophil functions as adherence, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis. Superoxides 406-408 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 40-44 7552580-6 1995 It is found that 10(-3) M histamine can inhibit the fmlp induced superoxide anion radical production. Superoxides 65-89 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 52-56 7584671-1 1995 The influence of CSF therapy on the superoxide (O2-) releasing capacity in response to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) of neutrophils from 32 patients with testicular cancer receiving high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) was assessed: 8 patients were treated as control group without CSF therapy, 12 patients received GM-CSF, and 12 patients received G-CSF. Superoxides 48-50 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 128-132 7584671-7 1995 In vitro preincubation of neutrophils from the same patients with GM-CSF, G-CSF, or TNF showed that O2- production by neutrophils from patients receiving GM-CSF could not be further enhanced, whereas O2- production by neutrophils derived from patients receiving G-CSF could be further augmented by TNF but not by GM-CSF. Superoxides 100-102 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 84-87 7745500-5 1995 Taken together, these results strongly suggest that mesangial cell proliferation and increased production of immune/chemical mediators and superoxide anion can be directly induced by IL-1 plus IL-6. Superoxides 139-155 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 193-197 7836767-0 1995 Human urokinase-type plasminogen activator primes neutrophils for superoxide anion release. Superoxides 66-82 plasminogen activator, urokinase Homo sapiens 6-42 7868907-2 1995 Stimulation of human neutrophils with the peptide FMLP activates this respiratory burst enzyme to produce superoxide and also has been shown to result in activation of phosphatidylinositol (Ptdlns) 3-kinase. Superoxides 106-116 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 50-54 7868907-6 1995 These results suggest that the signal transduction pathway of the FMLP-receptor involves activation of Ptdlns 3-kinase, which is required for subsequent superoxide production induced by the chemotactic peptide. Superoxides 153-163 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 66-79 7873377-3 1995 A strong negative correlation was found between C18:2 (linoleic acid) (r = 0.703, P = 0.001) and C:16:0 (palmitic acid) (r = 0.569, P = 0.009) and fMLP-stimulated O2- release, whereas C20:4 (arachidonic acid) correlated positively (r = 0.448, P = 0.048). Superoxides 163-165 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 147-151 7704183-1 1995 Scavenging of superoxide radical by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril (CAP), a thiol compound, was studied by several investigators and the results were contradictory; while some reported a high superoxide scavenging activity of CAP others found that CAP removed superoxide inefficiently. Superoxides 14-32 angiotensin I converting enzyme Homo sapiens 36-65 7704183-1 1995 Scavenging of superoxide radical by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril (CAP), a thiol compound, was studied by several investigators and the results were contradictory; while some reported a high superoxide scavenging activity of CAP others found that CAP removed superoxide inefficiently. Superoxides 14-32 angiotensin I converting enzyme Homo sapiens 67-70 7704183-1 1995 Scavenging of superoxide radical by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril (CAP), a thiol compound, was studied by several investigators and the results were contradictory; while some reported a high superoxide scavenging activity of CAP others found that CAP removed superoxide inefficiently. Superoxides 14-24 angiotensin I converting enzyme Homo sapiens 36-65 7704183-1 1995 Scavenging of superoxide radical by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril (CAP), a thiol compound, was studied by several investigators and the results were contradictory; while some reported a high superoxide scavenging activity of CAP others found that CAP removed superoxide inefficiently. Superoxides 14-24 angiotensin I converting enzyme Homo sapiens 67-70 7704183-1 1995 Scavenging of superoxide radical by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril (CAP), a thiol compound, was studied by several investigators and the results were contradictory; while some reported a high superoxide scavenging activity of CAP others found that CAP removed superoxide inefficiently. Superoxides 217-227 angiotensin I converting enzyme Homo sapiens 36-65 7704183-1 1995 Scavenging of superoxide radical by angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor captopril (CAP), a thiol compound, was studied by several investigators and the results were contradictory; while some reported a high superoxide scavenging activity of CAP others found that CAP removed superoxide inefficiently. Superoxides 217-227 angiotensin I converting enzyme Homo sapiens 67-70 7744304-3 1995 Lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence and reduction of cytochrome c were exploited to register generation of the byproduct superoxide anion, whereas the quinone product was detected by a direct spectrophotometric measurement. Superoxides 123-139 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 55-67 7861762-7 1995 At a concentration of 1000 ng/ml, IL-6 increased neutrophil phagocytosis of opsonized bacteria (826 +/- 255 x 10(3) MESF vs 552 +/- 103 MESF, P < 0.05) and also increased neutrophil superoxide anion generation (18.41 +/- 1.86 vs 12.6 nmol O2-/10(6) PMN/10 min, P < 0.05). Superoxides 185-201 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 34-38 7861762-7 1995 At a concentration of 1000 ng/ml, IL-6 increased neutrophil phagocytosis of opsonized bacteria (826 +/- 255 x 10(3) MESF vs 552 +/- 103 MESF, P < 0.05) and also increased neutrophil superoxide anion generation (18.41 +/- 1.86 vs 12.6 nmol O2-/10(6) PMN/10 min, P < 0.05). Superoxides 242-244 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 34-38 7861762-10 1995 Combining IL-6 with TNF-alpha at doses of 100 ng/ml and 100 U/ml, respectively, neutrophil phagocytosis (221 +/- 455 MESF vs 552 +/- 103 MESF) and superoxide generation (23.18 +/- 1.86 vs 12.6 nmol O2-/10(6) PMN/10 min) were significantly (P < 0.05) increased above control by an amount similar to that seen with 1000 U/ml TNF-alpha alone. Superoxides 147-157 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 20-29 7861762-10 1995 Combining IL-6 with TNF-alpha at doses of 100 ng/ml and 100 U/ml, respectively, neutrophil phagocytosis (221 +/- 455 MESF vs 552 +/- 103 MESF) and superoxide generation (23.18 +/- 1.86 vs 12.6 nmol O2-/10(6) PMN/10 min) were significantly (P < 0.05) increased above control by an amount similar to that seen with 1000 U/ml TNF-alpha alone. Superoxides 198-200 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 10-14 7861762-10 1995 Combining IL-6 with TNF-alpha at doses of 100 ng/ml and 100 U/ml, respectively, neutrophil phagocytosis (221 +/- 455 MESF vs 552 +/- 103 MESF) and superoxide generation (23.18 +/- 1.86 vs 12.6 nmol O2-/10(6) PMN/10 min) were significantly (P < 0.05) increased above control by an amount similar to that seen with 1000 U/ml TNF-alpha alone. Superoxides 198-200 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 20-29 7720781-2 1995 Treatment of neutrophils with calyculin A (25-75 nM) or okadaic acid (1-4 microM) had no stimulatory effect but potently enhanced total superoxide production induced by an optimal fMLP (N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine) concentration (0.1 microM). Superoxides 136-146 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 180-184 7836767-9 1995 Although uPA"s calcium signal is insufficient to trigger superoxide production, FMLP dose-dependent superoxide production was greatly enhanced by incubating neutrophils with intact, but not fragmented, uPA. Superoxides 100-110 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 80-84 7836770-1 1995 The small-complement C5 activation fragment, C5a, is a potent phlogistic molecule that, on binding to the C5a Receptor (C5aR), mediates contraction of smooth muscle, enhances vascular permeability, and promotes leukocyte functions such as directed chemotaxis, degranulation, mediator release, and production of superoxide anions. Superoxides 311-328 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 45-48 7836770-1 1995 The small-complement C5 activation fragment, C5a, is a potent phlogistic molecule that, on binding to the C5a Receptor (C5aR), mediates contraction of smooth muscle, enhances vascular permeability, and promotes leukocyte functions such as directed chemotaxis, degranulation, mediator release, and production of superoxide anions. Superoxides 311-328 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 106-118 7836770-1 1995 The small-complement C5 activation fragment, C5a, is a potent phlogistic molecule that, on binding to the C5a Receptor (C5aR), mediates contraction of smooth muscle, enhances vascular permeability, and promotes leukocyte functions such as directed chemotaxis, degranulation, mediator release, and production of superoxide anions. Superoxides 311-328 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 120-124 8744732-3 1995 TNF-alpha production is found to be associated with the availability of H2O2 generated by activated monocytes, as superoxide enhancing H2O2 concentration increases and catalase degrading H2O2 decreases TNF-alpha production. Superoxides 114-124 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-9 7735252-6 1995 (3) The superoxide-anion scavenging activity of the compound in terms of its IC50 value (50% inhibition concentration of superoxide anion radicals generated) was evaluated by ESR spin-trapping. Superoxides 8-24 esterase 5 regulator Mus musculus 175-178 7735252-6 1995 (3) The superoxide-anion scavenging activity of the compound in terms of its IC50 value (50% inhibition concentration of superoxide anion radicals generated) was evaluated by ESR spin-trapping. Superoxides 121-146 esterase 5 regulator Mus musculus 175-178 7735252-8 1995 (4) When hamamelitannin was treated with superoxide anions generated by a KO2-crown ether system, HPLC analysis showed the disappearance of hamamelitannin and the concomitant formation of hamamelitannin-derived radicals (g = 2.005, delta H1 = 2.16 G, delta H2 = 4.69 G) was detected by ESR spectrometry. Superoxides 41-58 esterase 5 regulator Mus musculus 286-289 7779581-10 1995 A "designer" SOD able to bind to cell surfaces may aid in the prevention of superoxide-mediated endothelial damage. Superoxides 76-86 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 13-16 7888254-2 1995 METHODS: Neutrophil superoxide production stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), opsonised zymosan, or formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine (FMLP) was measured as the superoxide dismutase inhibitable reduction of acetyl ferricytochrome c by a microtitre plate technique. Superoxides 20-30 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 150-154 8673628-3 1995 Both TNF-alpha and oncostatin enhanced the superoxide anion production by endothelial cells or monocytes. Superoxides 43-59 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 5-14 9383399-0 1995 The roles of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide as messengers in the activation of transcription factor NF-kappa B. Superoxides 35-45 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 102-112 9383399-6 1995 In contrast, stable overexpression of cytoplasmic Cu/Zn-dependent superoxide dismutase (SOD), which enhances the production of H2O2 from superoxide, potentiated NF-kappa B activation. Superoxides 66-76 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 161-171 7662350-1 1995 Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a metalloprotein that catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anion into O2- and H2O2, and therefore functions to maintain a low intracellular concentration of an otherwise toxic metabolite of oxygen. Superoxides 92-108 superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Cavia porcellus 29-32 7806044-6 1995 IL-4 down-regulates proinflammatory cytokine (IL-1 beta and TNF-alpha) and superoxide anion secretion in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 75-91 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 0-4 7888254-3 1995 RESULTS: Heparin, at concentrations of 0.5-500 U/ml, caused a gradual inhibition of superoxide production stimulated by PMA, opsonised zymosan, or FMLP. Superoxides 84-94 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 147-151 7888254-4 1995 Tissue plasminogen activator was more potent than heparin in inhibiting superoxide production induced by opsonised zymosan or FMLP, but it did not affect the activity stimulated by PMA. Superoxides 72-82 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 126-130 7538966-3 1995 Intra- and extracellular O2- production by PMNs isolated from these patients after 5 days of rhG-CSF therapy was assessed following both fMLP and PMA stimulation. Superoxides 25-27 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 137-141 7829974-2 1995 U46619, at micromolar concentrations, inhibited fMLP-stimulated aggregation, beta-glucuronidase release, and superoxide production. Superoxides 109-119 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 48-52 7751055-6 1995 We also found that IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha stimulated the release of bioactive TGF-beta and that treatment of microglial cell cultures with TGF-beta antagonized the priming effects of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha on O2- production. Superoxides 211-213 interferon gamma Mus musculus 19-28 7751055-6 1995 We also found that IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha stimulated the release of bioactive TGF-beta and that treatment of microglial cell cultures with TGF-beta antagonized the priming effects of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha on O2- production. Superoxides 211-213 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 33-42 7751055-6 1995 We also found that IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha stimulated the release of bioactive TGF-beta and that treatment of microglial cell cultures with TGF-beta antagonized the priming effects of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha on O2- production. Superoxides 211-213 interferon gamma Mus musculus 184-193 7751055-6 1995 We also found that IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha stimulated the release of bioactive TGF-beta and that treatment of microglial cell cultures with TGF-beta antagonized the priming effects of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha on O2- production. Superoxides 211-213 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 198-207 8835629-2 1995 We addressed this study by comparing the effects of lenograstim (glycosylated rHuG-CSF) and its deglycosylated counterpart on superoxide production by PMNs on fibronectin. Superoxides 126-136 fibronectin 1 Homo sapiens 159-170 7568419-4 1995 Flecainide acetate also specifically inhibited the priming action of hTNF-alpha which enhance the formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP)-induced receptor-mediated superoxide (O.2-) generation of human peripheral polymorphonuclear neutrophils (hPMN). Superoxides 168-178 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 69-79 7814447-4 1995 The [Ca2+]i response to X-XO was essentially diminished by superoxide dismutase (SOD) (200 U/ml) and catalase (CAT) (200 U/ml), which scavenge the superoxide anion, O2-, or H2O2, respectively. Superoxides 147-163 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 59-79 7814447-4 1995 The [Ca2+]i response to X-XO was essentially diminished by superoxide dismutase (SOD) (200 U/ml) and catalase (CAT) (200 U/ml), which scavenge the superoxide anion, O2-, or H2O2, respectively. Superoxides 147-163 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 81-84 7814447-4 1995 The [Ca2+]i response to X-XO was essentially diminished by superoxide dismutase (SOD) (200 U/ml) and catalase (CAT) (200 U/ml), which scavenge the superoxide anion, O2-, or H2O2, respectively. Superoxides 147-163 catalase Homo sapiens 101-109 7814447-4 1995 The [Ca2+]i response to X-XO was essentially diminished by superoxide dismutase (SOD) (200 U/ml) and catalase (CAT) (200 U/ml), which scavenge the superoxide anion, O2-, or H2O2, respectively. Superoxides 147-163 catalase Homo sapiens 111-114 7814447-4 1995 The [Ca2+]i response to X-XO was essentially diminished by superoxide dismutase (SOD) (200 U/ml) and catalase (CAT) (200 U/ml), which scavenge the superoxide anion, O2-, or H2O2, respectively. Superoxides 165-168 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 59-79 7814447-4 1995 The [Ca2+]i response to X-XO was essentially diminished by superoxide dismutase (SOD) (200 U/ml) and catalase (CAT) (200 U/ml), which scavenge the superoxide anion, O2-, or H2O2, respectively. Superoxides 165-168 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 81-84 7814447-4 1995 The [Ca2+]i response to X-XO was essentially diminished by superoxide dismutase (SOD) (200 U/ml) and catalase (CAT) (200 U/ml), which scavenge the superoxide anion, O2-, or H2O2, respectively. Superoxides 165-168 catalase Homo sapiens 101-109 7814447-4 1995 The [Ca2+]i response to X-XO was essentially diminished by superoxide dismutase (SOD) (200 U/ml) and catalase (CAT) (200 U/ml), which scavenge the superoxide anion, O2-, or H2O2, respectively. Superoxides 165-168 catalase Homo sapiens 111-114 7617743-4 1995 Catalase protected the rats by counteracting the superoxide radicals. Superoxides 49-59 catalase Rattus norvegicus 0-8 8560094-3 1995 We measured its effect on the production of superoxide anion (O2-) by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) that was induced by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) or by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Superoxides 44-60 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 166-170 8560094-3 1995 We measured its effect on the production of superoxide anion (O2-) by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) that was induced by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) or by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Superoxides 62-64 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 166-170 8560094-4 1995 25 microM erythromycin inhibited fMLP-induced O2- production by about 50%, but not PMA-induced O2- production. Superoxides 46-48 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 33-37 26486814-7 1995 Superoxide production from 1.25 x 10(5) cells was determined over 1 h measuring cytochrome C reduction. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 80-92 7811298-10 1994 Since respiring mitochondria generate superoxide radicals and H2O2, catalysis of lipid peroxidation and of the formation of drug-derived radicals by cytochrome c could be a mechanism contributing to mitochondrial damage by drugs. Superoxides 38-48 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 149-161 7989763-6 1994 Exposure of cord and adult macrophages to IFN-gamma (10-500 U/ml) gave quantitatively different results in Candida killing, as well as in release of superoxide anion (O2-). Superoxides 149-165 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 42-51 7989763-6 1994 Exposure of cord and adult macrophages to IFN-gamma (10-500 U/ml) gave quantitatively different results in Candida killing, as well as in release of superoxide anion (O2-). Superoxides 167-169 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 42-51 7982999-2 1994 When the neutrophil NADPH oxidase is activated to generate superoxide, the cytosolic components, p47phox, p67phox, and the GTP-binding protein Rac, become stably associated with the plasma membrane. Superoxides 59-69 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 143-146 8560094-6 1995 The fMLP-induced O2- production was also inhibited by isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic agonist, and by dibutyryl cyclic AMP, a cell membrane permeating analogue of cyclic AMP. Superoxides 17-19 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 4-8 7996483-3 1994 PC-SOD efficiently scavenged superoxide anion (O2-) produced by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated human neutrophils (IC50 0.60 U/ml), and it exerted a dose-dependent scavenging effect (IC50 1.27 U/ml) even when the neutrophils were washed after incubation with PC-SOD. Superoxides 29-45 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 3-6 7843804-7 1994 IL-6 inhibited superoxide production by chondrocytes both in IL-1 beta-stimulated or unstimulated conditions. Superoxides 15-25 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 0-4 7843804-7 1994 IL-6 inhibited superoxide production by chondrocytes both in IL-1 beta-stimulated or unstimulated conditions. Superoxides 15-25 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 61-70 7843804-9 1994 IL-6 inhibited superoxide production in chondrocytes and thus inhibited cartilage matrix degradation. Superoxides 15-25 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 0-4 7996483-3 1994 PC-SOD efficiently scavenged superoxide anion (O2-) produced by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated human neutrophils (IC50 0.60 U/ml), and it exerted a dose-dependent scavenging effect (IC50 1.27 U/ml) even when the neutrophils were washed after incubation with PC-SOD. Superoxides 47-49 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 3-6 7996483-5 1994 PC-SOD also showed a strong protective effect against human vascular endothelial cell damage caused by O2- generated by stimulated neutrophils, and PC-SOD was approximately 100-fold more potent than unmodified SOD (in vitro IC50 100 U/ml for PC-SOD and > 10,000 U/ml for unmodified SOD). Superoxides 103-105 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 3-6 7982496-0 1994 The functional expression of p47-phox and p67-phox may contribute to the generation of superoxide by an NADPH oxidase-like system in human fibroblasts. Superoxides 87-97 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 42-45 7982496-8 1994 These data indicate that the expression of p47-phox and p67-phox by human fibroblasts may contribute to the cells" generation of superoxide. Superoxides 129-139 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 56-59 7999109-0 1994 Iminodipeptides containing proline with C-terminal and N-terminal residues prime the stimulation of human neutrophil superoxide generation by fMLP. Superoxides 117-127 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 142-146 7986196-10 1994 C5a was considerably less effective than fMLP in activating superoxide anion formation and azurophilic granule release, and LTB4 was ineffective. Superoxides 60-76 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 7986196-10 1994 C5a was considerably less effective than fMLP in activating superoxide anion formation and azurophilic granule release, and LTB4 was ineffective. Superoxides 60-76 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 41-45 7947751-1 1994 Rac, a small molecular weight GTPase in the Ras superfamily, participates in the activation of the multicomponent superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase of human neutrophils. Superoxides 114-124 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 7961724-5 1994 Additionally, .OH was spin trapped following the addition of purified eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) to a cell-free O2-./H2O2 generating systems. Superoxides 113-117 eosinophil peroxidase Homo sapiens 70-91 7961724-5 1994 Additionally, .OH was spin trapped following the addition of purified eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) to a cell-free O2-./H2O2 generating systems. Superoxides 113-117 eosinophil peroxidase Homo sapiens 93-96 7961724-6 1994 Effects of superoxide dismutase, catalase, azide, aminotriazole, chloride-depleted buffer, and extensive metal chelation were consistent with .OH formation via the reaction of O2-. Superoxides 176-178 catalase Homo sapiens 33-41 7526387-5 1994 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) caused a marked, concentration-dependent increase in the production of free NO by mechanisms that were unrelated to the dismutation of superoxide anion or activation of NOS. Superoxides 162-178 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 7979944-9 1994 Interleukin 6 (10 ng/mL) combined with a nonpriming concentration of PAF (0.1 ng/mL) primed PMNs for superoxide production over a range of incubation times. Superoxides 101-111 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 0-13 8082230-8 1994 In the presence of DETAPAC, the addition of SOD inhibited NADH oxidation during cDoQH2 autoxidation 75%, suggesting that superoxide radicals are responsible for 75% of the oxygen-dependent autoxidation. Superoxides 121-131 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 44-47 7955533-4 1994 Superoxide production assayed by both cytochrome c reduction and oxidation of dihydrorhodamine 123, was induced by heterologous polyclonal anti-MPO and anti-LF antibodies, and ANCA-positive plasma samples. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 38-50 7861298-1 1994 Superoxide anion (O2-) production by peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was measured by the cytochrome C method in 57 patients with recurrent tonsillitis. Superoxides 0-16 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 158-170 7955533-4 1994 Superoxide production assayed by both cytochrome c reduction and oxidation of dihydrorhodamine 123, was induced by heterologous polyclonal anti-MPO and anti-LF antibodies, and ANCA-positive plasma samples. Superoxides 0-10 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 144-147 7964173-3 1994 Leukotriene B4, platelet-activating factor, heat-aggregated immunoglobulin G (HAIgG), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and f-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) all triggered significant superoxide production but negligible H2O2 or HOCl generation when added to suspended PMNs. Superoxides 178-188 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 131-144 7835745-0 1994 Role of intracellular SOD in protecting human leukemic and cancer cells against superoxide and radiation. Superoxides 80-90 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 7835745-4 1994 The purpose of this study was to examine the protective effect of intracellular SOD against cytotoxicity induced by O2.- or radiation and to investigate whether exogenous SOD can protect cells from O2.-(-) and radiation-induced cytotoxicity. Superoxides 198-200 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 171-174 7525817-0 1994 Induction of superoxide anion production from monocytes an neutrophils by activated platelets through the P-selectin-sialyl Lewis X interaction. Superoxides 13-29 fucosyltransferase 4 Homo sapiens 124-131 7525817-5 1994 For example, treatments of neutrophils with interleukin-8 (IL-8) or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) potentiated the P-selectin-induced O2- production. Superoxides 149-151 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 44-57 7525817-5 1994 For example, treatments of neutrophils with interleukin-8 (IL-8) or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) potentiated the P-selectin-induced O2- production. Superoxides 149-151 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 59-63 7525820-9 1994 By contrast, CD18 cross-linking by soluble antibodies did not induce superoxide production, but PMNs bound to immobilized monoclonal antibodies against CD18 released significant amounts of superoxide. Superoxides 189-199 integrin subunit beta 2 Homo sapiens 152-156 7958970-1 1994 In previous studies, we showed that interleukin-4 (IL-4) suppressed porcine (p) macrophage superoxide production and that the mechanism of suppression involved down-regulation of the superoxide-generating enzyme NADPH oxidase heavy-chain 91-kDa subunit mRNA (gp91-phox) expression. Superoxides 91-101 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 36-49 7958970-1 1994 In previous studies, we showed that interleukin-4 (IL-4) suppressed porcine (p) macrophage superoxide production and that the mechanism of suppression involved down-regulation of the superoxide-generating enzyme NADPH oxidase heavy-chain 91-kDa subunit mRNA (gp91-phox) expression. Superoxides 91-101 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 51-55 7958970-1 1994 In previous studies, we showed that interleukin-4 (IL-4) suppressed porcine (p) macrophage superoxide production and that the mechanism of suppression involved down-regulation of the superoxide-generating enzyme NADPH oxidase heavy-chain 91-kDa subunit mRNA (gp91-phox) expression. Superoxides 183-193 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 36-49 7958970-1 1994 In previous studies, we showed that interleukin-4 (IL-4) suppressed porcine (p) macrophage superoxide production and that the mechanism of suppression involved down-regulation of the superoxide-generating enzyme NADPH oxidase heavy-chain 91-kDa subunit mRNA (gp91-phox) expression. Superoxides 183-193 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 51-55 7522548-6 1994 Since HUVECs released superoxide anions in response to TNF, and H2O2 induces VCAM-1, PDTC may act as a radical scavenger. Superoxides 22-39 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 55-58 7965380-2 1994 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), which scavenges superoxide, is a type of zinc enzyme. Superoxides 44-54 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 7921431-0 1994 Role of nitric oxide and superoxide anions in interleukin-1 beta-induced airway hyperresponsiveness to bradykinin. Superoxides 25-42 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 46-64 7926100-3 1994 MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: We evaluated superoxide anion levels by monitoring the reduction of cytochrome c. Superoxides 35-51 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 90-102 7823303-3 1994 When stimulated with PMA or FMLP, control SPMN generated superoxide (O2-) at levels of 50.3 +/- 10.5 pmol/min/10(4) cells and 88.4 +/- 15.4 pmol, respectively, while SPMN from untreated patients generated significantly reduced O2- in the presence of PMA or FMLP (24.3 +/- 3.5 pmol and 59.5 +/- 9.8 pmol, respectively). Superoxides 57-67 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 7823303-3 1994 When stimulated with PMA or FMLP, control SPMN generated superoxide (O2-) at levels of 50.3 +/- 10.5 pmol/min/10(4) cells and 88.4 +/- 15.4 pmol, respectively, while SPMN from untreated patients generated significantly reduced O2- in the presence of PMA or FMLP (24.3 +/- 3.5 pmol and 59.5 +/- 9.8 pmol, respectively). Superoxides 69-71 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 7823303-3 1994 When stimulated with PMA or FMLP, control SPMN generated superoxide (O2-) at levels of 50.3 +/- 10.5 pmol/min/10(4) cells and 88.4 +/- 15.4 pmol, respectively, while SPMN from untreated patients generated significantly reduced O2- in the presence of PMA or FMLP (24.3 +/- 3.5 pmol and 59.5 +/- 9.8 pmol, respectively). Superoxides 227-229 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 7757523-0 1994 Increased surface expression of CD11b/c and CD18 appears to be dissociated from anti-CD11b/c monoclonal antibody stimulated O2- anion generation in in vivo Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-treated rat neutrophils. Superoxides 124-126 integrin subunit alpha M Rattus norvegicus 85-90 7757523-1 1994 The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of anti-rat CD11b/c monoclonal antibody (MAb) on in vitro superoxide anion (O2-) generation in in vivo Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tumor necrosis-alpha (TNF)-treated rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Superoxides 120-136 integrin subunit alpha M Rattus norvegicus 74-79 7757523-1 1994 The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effect of anti-rat CD11b/c monoclonal antibody (MAb) on in vitro superoxide anion (O2-) generation in in vivo Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tumor necrosis-alpha (TNF)-treated rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Superoxides 138-140 integrin subunit alpha M Rattus norvegicus 74-79 7757523-6 1994 Although total O2- generated by OPZ and anti-rat CD11b/c MAb was less than that generated by PMA stimulation, the in vivo LPS- and TNF-induced beta 2 integrin upregulation did not result in a statistically significant enhancement of O2- generation with respect to normal saline-treated PMN. Superoxides 15-17 integrin subunit alpha M Rattus norvegicus 49-54 7757523-6 1994 Although total O2- generated by OPZ and anti-rat CD11b/c MAb was less than that generated by PMA stimulation, the in vivo LPS- and TNF-induced beta 2 integrin upregulation did not result in a statistically significant enhancement of O2- generation with respect to normal saline-treated PMN. Superoxides 15-17 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 131-134 7757523-6 1994 Although total O2- generated by OPZ and anti-rat CD11b/c MAb was less than that generated by PMA stimulation, the in vivo LPS- and TNF-induced beta 2 integrin upregulation did not result in a statistically significant enhancement of O2- generation with respect to normal saline-treated PMN. Superoxides 233-235 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 131-134 8093036-1 1994 Cisplatin [cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum (II), DDP] generated superoxide anion (O2-), as measured by chemiluminescence from a Cypridina luciferin analog (CLA), by interaction with calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at pH 7.6. Superoxides 61-77 DD%P Bos taurus 46-49 8093036-1 1994 Cisplatin [cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum (II), DDP] generated superoxide anion (O2-), as measured by chemiluminescence from a Cypridina luciferin analog (CLA), by interaction with calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at pH 7.6. Superoxides 79-81 DD%P Bos taurus 46-49 8093036-3 1994 DDP-induced CCLA was completely inhibited by the addition of an O2- scavenger, superoxide dismutase (SOD), or an antioxidant, ascorbic acid. Superoxides 64-66 DD%P Bos taurus 0-3 8077189-15 1994 Since gene knockouts of MnSOD have not yet been generated, the tlub2 and Thp animals may become useful models for those studying the role of mitochondrial superoxide in pathophysiological processes. Superoxides 155-165 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 24-29 7940568-10 1994 The combined results indicate that TCDD produces an oxidative stress in mice as measured by production of superoxide anion, and this effect is controlled in part by the Ah receptor complex. Superoxides 106-122 aryl-hydrocarbon receptor Mus musculus 169-180 7943250-3 1994 The simultaneous generation of .NO and superoxide by 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1, 0.1-2 mM) resulted in oxidation of dihydrorhodamine, a marker of peroxynitrite production, and a dose-dependent decrease in the ability of SP-A to enhance lipid aggregation. Superoxides 39-49 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 78-83 7803254-1 1994 Generation of superoxide may be a key step in the cytotoxicity mediated by tumour necrosis factor (TNF); cells that cannot produce oxygen radicals might be resistant to TNF. Superoxides 14-24 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 75-97 7803254-1 1994 Generation of superoxide may be a key step in the cytotoxicity mediated by tumour necrosis factor (TNF); cells that cannot produce oxygen radicals might be resistant to TNF. Superoxides 14-24 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 99-102 7812613-14 1994 The exchange of 95% O2/5% CO2 gas for 95% N2/5% CO2 gas significantly inhibited the EFS-induced decrease in release of ir-ET-1. Superoxides 20-22 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 122-126 8556501-5 1994 However, rhG-CSF was able to prime human PMNs and to enhance O2- release stimulated by FMLP in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 61-63 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 87-91 7521884-1 1994 Human umbilical vein endothelial cells have recently been shown to respond to C5a with increases in intracellular Ca2+, production of D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate and superoxide anion generation. Superoxides 172-188 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 78-81 7965380-2 1994 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), which scavenges superoxide, is a type of zinc enzyme. Superoxides 44-54 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 8058773-2 1994 Treatment with either Zileuton (a specific reversible competitive inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase) or MK886 (a specific irreversible inhibitor of the 5-lipoxygenase activator protein) prevented stimulated neutrophil adherence and chemotaxis (but not superoxide anion production) in vitro. Superoxides 246-262 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Homo sapiens 146-160 8057087-3 1994 The detection of the rate constant of the reaction of superoxide ion with nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) which is inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and its model compounds of the EGTB system has been performed by a modified illumination method. Superoxides 54-64 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 124-144 8057087-3 1994 The detection of the rate constant of the reaction of superoxide ion with nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) which is inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and its model compounds of the EGTB system has been performed by a modified illumination method. Superoxides 54-64 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 146-149 7945814-9 1994 In the presence of anti-TNF antibody, the amounts of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide release were moderately reduced but nitrite release was dramatically inhibited. Superoxides 53-63 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 24-27 7981927-2 1994 It is known that in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), the phorbol ester-induced generation of superoxide anion (respiratory burst) is effectively inhibited by STAR in a dose-dependent manner, whereas superoxide generation induced by chemoattractants, e.g. n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) or PAF, is regulated biphasically by STAR. Superoxides 103-119 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 306-310 7981927-2 1994 It is known that in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), the phorbol ester-induced generation of superoxide anion (respiratory burst) is effectively inhibited by STAR in a dose-dependent manner, whereas superoxide generation induced by chemoattractants, e.g. n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) or PAF, is regulated biphasically by STAR. Superoxides 103-113 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 306-310 7981927-3 1994 We compared the effects of STAR and K252a on FMLP-induced superoxide production from PMNs and examined the effects of propranolol, a inhibitor of phosphatidic acid (PA) phosphohydrolase, on the potentiation of the production by STAR. Superoxides 58-68 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 45-49 7981927-5 1994 When PMNs were stimulated with FMLP, STAR potentiated superoxide production by 240.5 +/- 30.9% at a low concentration (100 nmol/l). Superoxides 54-64 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 31-35 7981927-8 1994 K252a inhibited PMA or FMLP-induced superoxide production dose-dependently and did not enhance FMLP-induced superoxide production. Superoxides 36-46 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 23-27 7981927-9 1994 STAR derivatives showed potentiation of FMLP-induced superoxide production similar to that of STAR at concentrations ranging from 10-100 nmol/l, and propranolol (200 mumol/l) effectively inhibited it. Superoxides 53-63 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 40-44 8040183-2 1994 Since recent data strongly suggested that generation of superoxide is a key step in cytotoxicity of TNF, we reasoned that cells expressing high levels of enzymes that degrade superoxide radicals would be resistant to TNF. Superoxides 56-66 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 100-103 8040183-2 1994 Since recent data strongly suggested that generation of superoxide is a key step in cytotoxicity of TNF, we reasoned that cells expressing high levels of enzymes that degrade superoxide radicals would be resistant to TNF. Superoxides 175-185 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 100-103 8040183-2 1994 Since recent data strongly suggested that generation of superoxide is a key step in cytotoxicity of TNF, we reasoned that cells expressing high levels of enzymes that degrade superoxide radicals would be resistant to TNF. Superoxides 175-185 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 217-220 8040183-4 1994 The CuZn-SOD is a key enzyme in the metabolism of superoxide radicals. Superoxides 50-60 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 4-12 8040183-10 1994 These results suggest that the mechanism of TNF-mediated growth inhibition of hematopoietic cells occurs through production of superoxide. Superoxides 127-137 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 44-47 7933497-3 1994 NO gas solution inhibited O2- generation induced by fMLP or PMA in a dose-dependent fashion, whereas L-arginine that in NO precursor increased O2- generation. Superoxides 26-28 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 52-56 7520975-4 1994 Not only CF formation, but also CF action is inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD), suggesting that superoxide is formed on the pathway to chromosome aberration. Superoxides 58-68 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 80-83 8047994-4 1994 Superoxide generation in response to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (10(-6) mol/L) was measured by superoxide dismutase inhibitable reduction of cytochrome C and CD18 expression determined by flow cytometry. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 154-166 8047994-4 1994 Superoxide generation in response to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (10(-6) mol/L) was measured by superoxide dismutase inhibitable reduction of cytochrome C and CD18 expression determined by flow cytometry. Superoxides 0-10 integrin subunit beta 2 Homo sapiens 171-175 8031841-6 1994 Addition of the chelator DETAPAC or SOD to the incubation mixture during reduction of cyclized norepinephrine ortho-quinone by DT-diaphorase strongly inhibited NADPH oxidation and oxygen consumption, suggesting that manganese and superoxide radicals were involved in hydroquinone autoxidation. Superoxides 230-240 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 25-39 8031841-6 1994 Addition of the chelator DETAPAC or SOD to the incubation mixture during reduction of cyclized norepinephrine ortho-quinone by DT-diaphorase strongly inhibited NADPH oxidation and oxygen consumption, suggesting that manganese and superoxide radicals were involved in hydroquinone autoxidation. Superoxides 230-240 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 127-140 8031841-7 1994 Elimination of the effects of superoxide radicals, manganese and H2O2 on autoxidation of hydroquinone by addition of SOD, catalase and DETAPAC to the incubation mixture resulted in a 79% inhibition of NADH oxidation, suggesting that 21% of the autoxidation is oxygen-dependent. Superoxides 30-40 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 117-120 8048544-4 1994 In the present study we examined effects of this molecule on 1) chemotaxis to other agonists, 2) FMLP-stimulated PMN superoxide production, 3) PMN calcium fluxes, and 4) binding of FMLP. Superoxides 117-127 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 97-101 8036496-2 1994 Upon stimulation of phagocytic cells, Rac enhances the activity of the enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced) (NADPH) oxidase, resulting in the production of superoxide radicals. Superoxides 180-190 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 38-41 7917583-6 1994 High concentrations of superoxide generated in vitro at a neutral pH degraded osteocalcin into numerous peptide fragments, demonstrating the ability of superoxide to break peptide bonds. Superoxides 23-33 bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein Homo sapiens 78-89 7917583-6 1994 High concentrations of superoxide generated in vitro at a neutral pH degraded osteocalcin into numerous peptide fragments, demonstrating the ability of superoxide to break peptide bonds. Superoxides 152-162 bone gamma-carboxyglutamate protein Homo sapiens 78-89 7993785-10 1994 Thus intracellular H2O2 (as well as extracellular release of superoxide ions) is reduced in fMLP-stimulated PV PMN and monocytes but normal after PMA stimulation, a phenomenon that is not consistently found in other myeloproliferative disorders. Superoxides 61-71 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 92-96 7818993-3 1994 AFC-ME, but not AFC, inhibited NaF- and PMA-stimulated superoxide release. Superoxides 55-65 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 31-34 8048544-6 1994 This molecule also inhibits PMN superoxide release in response to FMLP. Superoxides 32-42 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 66-70 7911495-1 1994 The C1q receptor (C1qR) is expressed on a variety of cells, including polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), in which stimulation by the C1qR leads to activation as measured by superoxide production. Superoxides 174-184 CD93 molecule Homo sapiens 4-16 7911495-1 1994 The C1q receptor (C1qR) is expressed on a variety of cells, including polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), in which stimulation by the C1qR leads to activation as measured by superoxide production. Superoxides 174-184 CD93 molecule Homo sapiens 18-22 7911495-1 1994 The C1q receptor (C1qR) is expressed on a variety of cells, including polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), in which stimulation by the C1qR leads to activation as measured by superoxide production. Superoxides 174-184 CD93 molecule Homo sapiens 134-138 8207432-5 1994 The addition of superoxide dismutase with catalase or the addition of deferoxamine mesylate inhibited PC12h cell death, suggesting that active oxygen species derived from superoxide generated by the microglia or iron-oxygen complex formation were responsible for the cytotoxicity. Superoxides 16-26 catalase Rattus norvegicus 42-50 8028050-6 1994 Superoxide production was measured by cytochrome c reduction, PMN-EC adhesion with indium-labelled PMN adherence to human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayer cultures, and CD11B expression with fluorescent labelled anti-CD11B (60.1) antibodies. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 38-50 8207006-1 1994 A series of farnesylcysteine analogs was studied with respect to their abilities to interfere with fMet-Leu-Phe (fMLP)-stimulated superoxide (O2-.) Superoxides 130-140 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 113-117 8014525-0 1994 Enhancement by tumor necrosis factor-alpha of Fc alpha receptor expression and IgA-mediated superoxide generation and killing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Superoxides 92-102 CD79a molecule Homo sapiens 79-82 8014525-3 1994 Exposure of PMNL to TNF alpha increased surface expression of Fc alpha R 2- to 3-fold, increased superoxide production in response to aggregated IgA 5-fold, and increased phagocytosis of IgA aggregates 3- to 4-fold. Superoxides 97-107 CD79a molecule Homo sapiens 145-148 8015293-1 1994 BACKGROUND: Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is a principal enzymatic scavenger of the superoxide anion in extracellular spaces. Superoxides 98-114 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 12-46 8006021-0 1994 Superoxide-dependent hydroxylation by myeloperoxidase. Superoxides 0-10 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 38-53 8006021-12 1994 Thus, myeloperoxidase catalyzes superoxide-dependent hydroxylation. Superoxides 32-42 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 6-21 8207217-2 1994 The tyrosine kinase inhibitors erbstatin and herbimycin A inhibited the chemotactic response to FMLP (2 x 10(-7) M) and the superoxide anion (O2-) production stimulated by FMLP (1 x 10(-6) M) in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in similar manners. Superoxides 124-140 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 172-176 8207217-2 1994 The tyrosine kinase inhibitors erbstatin and herbimycin A inhibited the chemotactic response to FMLP (2 x 10(-7) M) and the superoxide anion (O2-) production stimulated by FMLP (1 x 10(-6) M) in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) in similar manners. Superoxides 142-144 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 172-176 8207217-4 1994 In the presence of propranolol (phosphatidic acid (PA) phosphohydrolase inhibitor), or ethanol, the activation of PLD results in the modulation of PA and/or diglyceride (DG) generation, producing an irregularity in O2- production. Superoxides 215-217 glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1 Homo sapiens 114-117 8207217-6 1994 These results suggest that PLD is a downstream effector of FMLP-induced tyrosine kinase activation that leads to activation of the PMN superoxide release but not to chemotactic migration. Superoxides 135-145 glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1 Homo sapiens 27-30 8207217-6 1994 These results suggest that PLD is a downstream effector of FMLP-induced tyrosine kinase activation that leads to activation of the PMN superoxide release but not to chemotactic migration. Superoxides 135-145 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 59-63 8187280-2 1994 We examined the ability of Ang II to stimulate superoxide anion formation and investigated the identity of the oxidases responsible for its production. Superoxides 47-63 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 27-33 8187280-5 1994 NADPH oxidase activity increased from 3.23 +/- 0.61 to 11.80 +/- 1.72 nmol O2-/min per milligram protein after 4 hours of Ang II, whereas NADH oxidase activity increased from 16.76 +/- 2.13 to 45.00 +/- 4.57 nmol O2-/min per milligram protein. Superoxides 75-77 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 122-128 8187280-9 1994 These observations suggest that Ang II specifically activates enzyme systems that promote superoxide generation and raise the possibility that these pathways function as second messengers for long-term responses, such as hypertrophy or hyperplasia. Superoxides 90-100 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 32-38 8070678-0 1994 A comparative study of EPR spin trapping and cytochrome c reduction techniques for the measurement of superoxide anions. Superoxides 102-119 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 45-57 8070678-1 1994 Superoxide anions (O2.-) generated by the reaction of xanthine with xanthine oxidase were measured by the reduction of cytochrome c and by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy using the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO). Superoxides 0-17 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 119-131 8070678-7 1994 These studies demonstrate that spin trapping using DMPO was at least 20-fold more sensitive than the reduction of cytochrome c for the measurement of superoxide anions. Superoxides 150-167 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 114-126 8070678-8 1994 However, at levels of superoxide generation where cytochrome c provides a linear measurement of production, EPR spin trapping may underestimate radical production, probably due to degradation of DMPO radical adducts. Superoxides 22-32 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 50-62 8188387-1 1994 Tumor necrosis factor stimulates fibrinogen-adherent neutrophils to produce a dramatic oxidative burst; the resulting superoxide and other products may contribute to tissue damage in severe infection. Superoxides 118-128 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-21 7514638-10 1994 Superoxide production induced by human rGM-CSF and PAF was also abolished by the treatment of cells with anti-CD18 mAb. Superoxides 0-10 integrin subunit beta 2 Homo sapiens 110-114 7514638-12 1994 These results indicate that CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1)-dependent cellular adhesion plays an important role in the degranulation and superoxide production of eosinophils induced by human rGM-CSF and PAF, and that these mechanisms may be employed in vivo where eosinophils contact with stromal cells and/or proteins. Superoxides 124-134 integrin subunit beta 2 Homo sapiens 34-38 8015293-1 1994 BACKGROUND: Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is a principal enzymatic scavenger of the superoxide anion in extracellular spaces. Superoxides 98-114 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 48-54 8015293-3 1994 EC-SOD may also be important in regulating intercellular signalling by extracellular superoxide. Superoxides 85-95 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 0-6 8185613-1 1994 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), which breaks down superoxide to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, is generally considered an antioxidant enzyme. Superoxides 46-56 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 8185613-1 1994 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), which breaks down superoxide to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, is generally considered an antioxidant enzyme. Superoxides 46-56 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 8185613-4 1994 Depending on the source of superoxide this reduction is accelerated by an unsaturated fatty acid or ferric iron and is inhibited by SOD. Superoxides 27-37 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 132-135 8167344-5 1994 Superoxide generation in monocytes following PMA, OZ, and FMLP stimulation was significantly suppressed at 52% +/- 15%, 39% +/- 8%, and 51% +/- 11% of control, respectively. Superoxides 0-10 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 58-62 7496971-2 1994 SP has been shown to stimulate human monocytes to produce inflammatory cytokines and superoxide ions, and it enhances tumoricidal activity in vitro. Superoxides 85-95 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 0-2 8086769-6 1994 After priming with low C5a, prior to FLPEP, there was also a significant increase in superoxide production. Superoxides 85-95 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 23-26 8050551-7 1994 In contrast, FMLP was a potent stimulus to both superoxide generation (EC50 48 nM) and ECP (EC50 ca 100 nM) and elastase release (EC50 ca 1 microM). Superoxides 48-58 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 13-17 7519173-6 1994 On the other hand, each of rhG-CSF, rhGM-CSF or rhTNF-alpha increased subsequent FMLP (100 nM)-induced O2- generation (by 89%, 166% and 115%, respectively). Superoxides 103-105 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 81-85 7519174-0 1994 Effect of substance P on superoxide anion and IL-8 production by human PMNL. Superoxides 25-41 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 10-21 7519174-3 1994 Pretreatment of PMNL with SP resulted in an increase of superoxide anion (O2-) production in response to formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), concanavalin A (Con A) and opsonized zymosan (STZ). Superoxides 56-72 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 26-28 7519174-3 1994 Pretreatment of PMNL with SP resulted in an increase of superoxide anion (O2-) production in response to formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), concanavalin A (Con A) and opsonized zymosan (STZ). Superoxides 56-72 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 144-148 7519174-3 1994 Pretreatment of PMNL with SP resulted in an increase of superoxide anion (O2-) production in response to formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), concanavalin A (Con A) and opsonized zymosan (STZ). Superoxides 74-76 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 26-28 7519174-4 1994 In contrast, the O2- production induced by tumour necrosis factor (TNF) was strongly inhibited by pretreatment with SP. Superoxides 17-19 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 43-65 7519174-4 1994 In contrast, the O2- production induced by tumour necrosis factor (TNF) was strongly inhibited by pretreatment with SP. Superoxides 17-19 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 67-70 7519174-4 1994 In contrast, the O2- production induced by tumour necrosis factor (TNF) was strongly inhibited by pretreatment with SP. Superoxides 17-19 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 116-118 7519174-5 1994 Both enhancement and inhibition of O2- response were exerted by SP in a dose-dependent manner and at concentrations which did not directly stimulate O2- production. Superoxides 35-37 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 64-66 7519174-5 1994 Both enhancement and inhibition of O2- response were exerted by SP in a dose-dependent manner and at concentrations which did not directly stimulate O2- production. Superoxides 149-151 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 64-66 7519174-7 1994 At concentrations that modulated O2- production by PMNL, SP also directly stimulated release of the chemotactic cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8). Superoxides 33-35 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 57-59 7519174-10 1994 The results of this study indicate that, in addition to the rapid and differential modulation of O2- production, SP also induces long-term changes such as IL-8 synthesis and release, and can thus amplify the process of PMNL recruitment to the inflammatory site. Superoxides 97-99 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 113-115 8163590-8 1994 An alteration in oxidation stress, which resulted from reduced levels of superoxide radicals in the presence of the CuZn-SOD transgenes, may permit the prolonged expression of hsp70. Superoxides 73-92 heat shock protein 1B Mus musculus 176-181 8169407-2 1994 In the present study, the output of O2- was determined by measuring superoxide dismutase-inhibitable cytochrome c reduction. Superoxides 36-38 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 101-113 8190099-1 1994 As recently reported, B-003 (6-S-hexadecyl-2-methoxythioascorbic acid) shows strong inhibition of the N-formylmethionylleucyl phenylalanine (fMLP)-stimulated neutrophil superoxide production and degranulation ex vivo, which is not correlated with its antioxidant properties. Superoxides 169-179 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 141-145 7513691-0 1994 Glutamate receptors induce a burst of superoxide via activation of nitric oxide synthase in arginine-depleted neurons. Superoxides 38-48 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 67-88 7513691-2 1994 (1993) Nature 364, 535-537) that upon N-methyl-D-aspartate stimulation, a nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-independent, arachidonic acid-dependent generation of superoxide free radicals (O2-.) Superoxides 182-184 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 74-95 8037361-2 1994 The patient"s PMN produced more O2- than did those from healthy controls after stimulation with human C5a in vitro. Superoxides 32-34 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 102-105 8037361-5 1994 Incubation of PMN from normal controls having the same blood type as the patient at 37 degrees C for 2 h with the patient"s plasma at the active disease stage revealed that the cells generated abundant O2- after stimulation with C5a. Superoxides 202-204 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 229-232 8005526-1 1994 In recent years we and others have shown that ascorbic acid (AH2) is a potential scavenger of superoxide (O2.-) and peroxyl (LOO.) Superoxides 94-104 zinc finger RANBP2-type containing 3 Homo sapiens 61-64 8005526-1 1994 In recent years we and others have shown that ascorbic acid (AH2) is a potential scavenger of superoxide (O2.-) and peroxyl (LOO.) Superoxides 106-110 zinc finger RANBP2-type containing 3 Homo sapiens 61-64 8005526-6 1994 In a model in vitro system, microsomal LPO initiated by O2.- is completely prevented by AH2 but not by alpha-tocopherol, GSH, uric acid, and catalase. Superoxides 56-58 zinc finger RANBP2-type containing 3 Homo sapiens 88-91 8145014-3 1994 CI-959 also inhibited superoxide anion generation in response to C5a, fMLP, serum-opsonized zymosan (SOZ), concanavalin A (Con A), and calcium ionophore A23187 with IC50 values of 2.5, 4.7, 14.5, 5.4, and 14.8 microM, respectively. Superoxides 22-38 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 65-68 8141770-3 1994 Activation of superoxide production by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine in whole cells, and by SDS in the cell-free assay, led to the dissociation of some of the p21rac2 from rhoGDI and its movement to the plasma membrane together with p47phox and p67phox. Superoxides 14-24 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 201-208 8141790-1 1994 The effect of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) on superoxide generation in human neutrophils was investigated using the Nitro Blue Tetrazolium reduction assay. Superoxides 58-68 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 44-53 8141790-2 1994 TNF alpha stimulated superoxide generation in a time- and concentration-dependent fashion. Superoxides 21-31 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-9 8141790-3 1994 The maximally effective concentration of TNF alpha for superoxide generation was 10 nM and maximal response was obtained after 15-20 min. Superoxides 55-65 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 41-50 8141790-10 1994 These results suggest that TNF alpha stimulates superoxide generation through both the 55 kDa and 75 kDa receptors, but that ceramide does not act as an intracellular mediator for TNF alpha in human neutrophils. Superoxides 48-58 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 27-36 8147901-0 1994 Contrasting effects of two arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors on formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) and complement fragment 5a induced human neutrophil superoxide generation. Superoxides 166-176 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Homo sapiens 27-54 8147901-0 1994 Contrasting effects of two arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors on formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) and complement fragment 5a induced human neutrophil superoxide generation. Superoxides 166-176 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 108-112 8147901-2 1994 SC-45662 inhibited superoxide generation induced by fMLP and C5a with IC50 values of 12 and 5 microM, respectively. Superoxides 19-29 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 52-56 8147901-2 1994 SC-45662 inhibited superoxide generation induced by fMLP and C5a with IC50 values of 12 and 5 microM, respectively. Superoxides 19-29 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 61-64 8147901-3 1994 Furthermore, SC-45662 was capable of inhibiting fMLP and C5a induced superoxide release in PMNs primed with bacterial lipopolysaccharide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and other priming agents. Superoxides 69-79 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 48-52 8147901-3 1994 Furthermore, SC-45662 was capable of inhibiting fMLP and C5a induced superoxide release in PMNs primed with bacterial lipopolysaccharide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and other priming agents. Superoxides 69-79 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 57-60 8147901-3 1994 Furthermore, SC-45662 was capable of inhibiting fMLP and C5a induced superoxide release in PMNs primed with bacterial lipopolysaccharide, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and other priming agents. Superoxides 69-79 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 138-165 8147901-4 1994 SC-41661A, a compound from the same chemical series as SC-45662, did not inhibit or induce superoxide generation, but instead primed PMNs for fMLP and C5a induced superoxide generation. Superoxides 163-173 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 151-154 8117710-1 1994 The phagocyte superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase, a multicomponent, membrane-bound electron transport chain, consists of cytochrome b558, p47-phox, p67-phox, and p21rac1 or p21rac2. Superoxides 14-24 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 149-152 8117710-1 1994 The phagocyte superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase, a multicomponent, membrane-bound electron transport chain, consists of cytochrome b558, p47-phox, p67-phox, and p21rac1 or p21rac2. Superoxides 14-24 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 174-181 8135860-4 1994 Man-SOD exhibited a superior inhibitory effect on superoxide anion release from inflammatory macrophages stimulated by phorbol-myristate acetate. Superoxides 50-66 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 4-7 8135860-5 1994 The present study suggested the potential of Man-SOD as a therapeutic agent for the inflammatory disease mediated by superoxide anions generated by macrophages. Superoxides 117-134 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 49-52 7915871-2 1994 Human neutrophils, plated on fibronectin (FN)-coated wells, were found to release large quantities of superoxide anion (O2-) in response to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Superoxides 102-118 fibronectin 1 Homo sapiens 29-40 7915871-2 1994 Human neutrophils, plated on fibronectin (FN)-coated wells, were found to release large quantities of superoxide anion (O2-) in response to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Superoxides 102-118 fibronectin 1 Homo sapiens 42-44 7915871-2 1994 Human neutrophils, plated on fibronectin (FN)-coated wells, were found to release large quantities of superoxide anion (O2-) in response to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Superoxides 102-118 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 140-167 7915871-2 1994 Human neutrophils, plated on fibronectin (FN)-coated wells, were found to release large quantities of superoxide anion (O2-) in response to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Superoxides 102-118 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 169-178 7915871-2 1994 Human neutrophils, plated on fibronectin (FN)-coated wells, were found to release large quantities of superoxide anion (O2-) in response to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Superoxides 120-122 fibronectin 1 Homo sapiens 29-40 7915871-2 1994 Human neutrophils, plated on fibronectin (FN)-coated wells, were found to release large quantities of superoxide anion (O2-) in response to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Superoxides 120-122 fibronectin 1 Homo sapiens 42-44 7915871-2 1994 Human neutrophils, plated on fibronectin (FN)-coated wells, were found to release large quantities of superoxide anion (O2-) in response to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Superoxides 120-122 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 140-167 7915871-2 1994 Human neutrophils, plated on fibronectin (FN)-coated wells, were found to release large quantities of superoxide anion (O2-) in response to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). Superoxides 120-122 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 169-178 8079811-4 1994 Peritoneal administration of IL-1 beta caused elicitation of cells which were enriched in eosinophils; however, the functional responses of the cells in all three groups were broadly similar in terms of the ability of the agonists FMLP, PMA and A23187 to initiate superoxide generation, beta-glucuronidase secretion and leukotriene generation. Superoxides 264-274 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 29-38 8125136-2 1994 We now show that murine macrophages activated with zymosan and interferon-gamma (ZYM/IFN-gamma) produced both superoxide (peaking 1-2 h after stimulation, then rapidly declining) and NO (barely detectable at 6 h, peaking by 24 h). Superoxides 110-120 interferon gamma Mus musculus 63-79 8125136-2 1994 We now show that murine macrophages activated with zymosan and interferon-gamma (ZYM/IFN-gamma) produced both superoxide (peaking 1-2 h after stimulation, then rapidly declining) and NO (barely detectable at 6 h, peaking by 24 h). Superoxides 110-120 interferon gamma Mus musculus 85-94 8125136-3 1994 Macrophages activated with ZYM alone produced only superoxide, while stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IFN-gamma induced NO but not superoxide. Superoxides 144-154 interferon gamma Mus musculus 115-124 7509321-9 1994 POF alone significantly changed the affinity (KD) of the fMet-Leu-Phe receptor of PMN (from 25.2 +/- 4.5 nM to 15.2 +/- 2.4 nM [P < 0.01; n = 4]) at 37 degrees C. The differences between the sites of action of MY4 and POF may lead to cooperation by these agents for inhibition of priming by LPS plus serum for enhanced O2- production. Superoxides 322-324 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 57-78 8120414-9 1994 This study indicates that IL-8 is a potent activator of intracellular events presumably required for chemotaxis, but a relatively weak activator for events associated with superoxide anion generation and proinflammatory activity. Superoxides 172-188 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 26-30 8133056-5 1994 Superoxide anion generation by neutrophils, measured in terms of lucigenin-amplified chemiluminescence and cytochrome c reduction, was not altered. Superoxides 0-16 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 107-119 8133059-7 1994 Additional experiments suggested that tyrosine phosphorylation is involved in the regulation of the neutrophil respiratory burst because the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, herbimycin A, inhibited C5a-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation and also prevented C5a- and FMLP-induced superoxide anion production. Superoxides 278-294 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 192-195 8133059-7 1994 Additional experiments suggested that tyrosine phosphorylation is involved in the regulation of the neutrophil respiratory burst because the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, herbimycin A, inhibited C5a-induced protein tyrosine phosphorylation and also prevented C5a- and FMLP-induced superoxide anion production. Superoxides 278-294 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 192-196 7735949-3 1994 In these studies, ET-1-stimulated monocyte supernatants were evaluated for their effect on neutrophil superoxide production. Superoxides 102-112 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 18-22 7735949-4 1994 While ET-1 alone had no direct effect, incubation of neutrophils for 20 min in ET-1-stimulated monocyte supernatants resulted in a 10-fold increase in superoxide production over basal levels, 44% as much superoxide production as induced by peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (N = 6, p < .001). Superoxides 151-161 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 79-83 7735949-4 1994 While ET-1 alone had no direct effect, incubation of neutrophils for 20 min in ET-1-stimulated monocyte supernatants resulted in a 10-fold increase in superoxide production over basal levels, 44% as much superoxide production as induced by peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (N = 6, p < .001). Superoxides 204-214 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 79-83 7735949-8 1994 Therefore, ET-1-treated monocytes probably upregulate neutrophil superoxide production via a mechanism which includes IL-8. Superoxides 65-75 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 11-15 7735949-8 1994 Therefore, ET-1-treated monocytes probably upregulate neutrophil superoxide production via a mechanism which includes IL-8. Superoxides 65-75 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 118-122 8312264-0 1994 Spectral and kinetic studies on the formation of myeloperoxidase compounds I and II: roles of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide. Superoxides 116-126 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 49-64 8196290-0 1994 Fc alpha R expression on polymorphonuclear leukocyte and superoxide generation in IgA nephropathy. Superoxides 57-67 Fc alpha receptor Homo sapiens 0-10 8196290-0 1994 Fc alpha R expression on polymorphonuclear leukocyte and superoxide generation in IgA nephropathy. Superoxides 57-67 CD79a molecule Homo sapiens 82-85 8196290-9 1994 IgA aggregates/immune complexes may contribute to the immunopathogenesis of IgAN through augmenting the Fc alpha receptor-mediated generation of superoxide anion. Superoxides 145-161 CD79a molecule Homo sapiens 0-3 8196290-9 1994 IgA aggregates/immune complexes may contribute to the immunopathogenesis of IgAN through augmenting the Fc alpha receptor-mediated generation of superoxide anion. Superoxides 145-161 Fc alpha receptor Homo sapiens 104-121 8117331-3 1994 In the CLA-dependent chemiluminescence test of neutrophils stimulated by f-MLP, biotin significantly reduced the generation of free radical species, including O2-, in a concentration-dependent manner, the concentration corresponding to 50% inhibition (IC50) of biotin for free radical generation was 1.12 x 10(-7) mol. Superoxides 159-162 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 73-78 7509279-5 1994 Specifically, TNF-alpha"s priming of human neutrophils for superoxide production and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, platelet-activating factor synthesis and adhesion to endothelium were reduced by up to 170-fold. Superoxides 59-69 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 14-23 8174315-2 1994 Exposure of adherent peripheral blood PMN to cytokines known to be present in RA joints (IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, GM-CSF) resulted in enhanced O2- production from both RA and controls. Superoxides 140-142 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 89-98 8174315-2 1994 Exposure of adherent peripheral blood PMN to cytokines known to be present in RA joints (IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, GM-CSF) resulted in enhanced O2- production from both RA and controls. Superoxides 140-142 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 100-109 7513523-3 1994 Interferon-gamma primes neutrophils and macrophages for both O2- and nitric oxide synthesis. Superoxides 61-63 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 0-16 7516302-1 1994 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a nuclear encoded mitochondrial matrix enzyme that scavenges toxic superoxide radicals. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 32-37 8106571-6 1994 Incubation of neutrophils and macrophages on microtiter plates precoated with Fn suppressed superoxide (O2-) production induced by IgG- and IgA- opsonized group B streptococci. Superoxides 92-102 fibronectin 1 Homo sapiens 78-80 8106571-6 1994 Incubation of neutrophils and macrophages on microtiter plates precoated with Fn suppressed superoxide (O2-) production induced by IgG- and IgA- opsonized group B streptococci. Superoxides 104-106 fibronectin 1 Homo sapiens 78-80 8106571-7 1994 In contrast, Fn significantly enhanced IgA- and IgG-mediated O2- production by freshly isolated monocytes. Superoxides 61-63 fibronectin 1 Homo sapiens 13-15 8106571-8 1994 These data suggest that Fn enhances phagocytosis, presumably through G protein-coupled cytoskeleton reorganization and augments O2- production by circulating monocytes. Superoxides 128-130 fibronectin 1 Homo sapiens 24-26 8281849-6 1994 At the cellular level, 5-aminosalicylic acid inhibited phorbol myristate acetate (100 ng/ml)-activated superoxide generation to 82.3 +/- 9.3%, the formylmethionyl leucyl peptide (10(-5) M) to 61.0 +/- 6.8%, and the NaF (20 mM)-stimulated production to 32.3 +/- 3.2% (mean +/- SD, P < 0.01). Superoxides 103-113 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 215-218 8012524-2 1994 When human granulocytes are stimulated with TPA, they release a large quantity of reactive oxygen species (superoxide, hydrogen peroxide) which might be expected to generate hydroxyl radicals (OH.) Superoxides 107-117 plasminogen activator, tissue type Homo sapiens 44-47 8027589-2 1994 The PMA-dependent O2- production was inhibited by IFN-alpha 2b in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Superoxides 18-20 interferon alpha 1 Homo sapiens 50-59 8307154-4 1994 Concurrently, the TNF-treated cells secreted superoxide anion with a higher rate. Superoxides 45-61 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 18-21 8141608-4 1994 Superoxide generation stimulated by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) and fMLP-induced chemotaxis were found not to be influenced by photopheresis. Superoxides 0-10 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 113-117 8141608-4 1994 Superoxide generation stimulated by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) and fMLP-induced chemotaxis were found not to be influenced by photopheresis. Superoxides 0-10 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 123-127 7998826-6 1994 In contrast, SOD or elimination of hypoxanthine abolished superoxide formation. Superoxides 58-68 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 13-16 8012290-7 1994 In addition, SOD almost completely blocked the NADPH cytochrome c reductase catalyzed superoxide anion production. Superoxides 86-102 LOC106992390 Macaca mulatta 53-65 8280102-2 1994 In spite of total inhibition of superoxide production in the presence of the PLA2 inhibitors, 10 microM bromophenacyl bromide (BPB) or 20 microM quinacrine, a maximal phosphorylation of p47 and translocation of p47 and p67 to the neutrophil membranes induced by PMA or OZ was observed. Superoxides 32-42 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 77-81 8025703-2 1994 The success of making transgenic animals overexpressing human CuZn-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) in brain cells allows researchers to discern the specific role of superoxide radicals in reperfusion injury after focal ischemia. Superoxides 165-184 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 62-87 8025703-2 1994 The success of making transgenic animals overexpressing human CuZn-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) in brain cells allows researchers to discern the specific role of superoxide radicals in reperfusion injury after focal ischemia. Superoxides 165-184 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 89-97 7516692-1 1994 Two new For-Met-Leu-Phe-OH (FMLP) methyl ester analogues, For-Thp-Leu-Ain-OMe [Thp1, Ain3] and For-Met-delta zLeu-Phe-OMe [delta zLeu2], able to activate selectively chemotaxis and superoxide anion (O2-) release, respectively modulate intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels in different ways. Superoxides 181-197 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 8-26 7516692-1 1994 Two new For-Met-Leu-Phe-OH (FMLP) methyl ester analogues, For-Thp-Leu-Ain-OMe [Thp1, Ain3] and For-Met-delta zLeu-Phe-OMe [delta zLeu2], able to activate selectively chemotaxis and superoxide anion (O2-) release, respectively modulate intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels in different ways. Superoxides 181-197 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 7516692-1 1994 Two new For-Met-Leu-Phe-OH (FMLP) methyl ester analogues, For-Thp-Leu-Ain-OMe [Thp1, Ain3] and For-Met-delta zLeu-Phe-OMe [delta zLeu2], able to activate selectively chemotaxis and superoxide anion (O2-) release, respectively modulate intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels in different ways. Superoxides 199-201 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 8-26 7516692-1 1994 Two new For-Met-Leu-Phe-OH (FMLP) methyl ester analogues, For-Thp-Leu-Ain-OMe [Thp1, Ain3] and For-Met-delta zLeu-Phe-OMe [delta zLeu2], able to activate selectively chemotaxis and superoxide anion (O2-) release, respectively modulate intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels in different ways. Superoxides 199-201 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 7774287-5 1994 Finally, formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylanaline (FMLP)-triggered O2- release was reduced in all elderly groups, while depression of O2- production was seen in subjects between the age of 86 and 104 years using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) as agonist. Superoxides 64-66 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 9-46 8049357-1 1994 Human neutrophils (5 x 10(4) incubated on fibronectin precoated wells released 2.83 +/- .25 nmoles of superoxide (0(2)-) (x +/- 1 SEM, n = 15) in response to 5.9 nM (100 ng/ml) Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF). Superoxides 102-112 fibronectin 1 Homo sapiens 42-53 8049357-1 1994 Human neutrophils (5 x 10(4) incubated on fibronectin precoated wells released 2.83 +/- .25 nmoles of superoxide (0(2)-) (x +/- 1 SEM, n = 15) in response to 5.9 nM (100 ng/ml) Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF). Superoxides 102-112 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 177-204 8049357-1 1994 Human neutrophils (5 x 10(4) incubated on fibronectin precoated wells released 2.83 +/- .25 nmoles of superoxide (0(2)-) (x +/- 1 SEM, n = 15) in response to 5.9 nM (100 ng/ml) Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF). Superoxides 102-112 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 206-209 8276180-6 1994 The possible role of intravascular O2- as a mediator of heat shock response was evaluated by its specific inhibition by the intravenous infusion of recombinant human superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 35-37 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 166-186 8276180-6 1994 The possible role of intravascular O2- as a mediator of heat shock response was evaluated by its specific inhibition by the intravenous infusion of recombinant human superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 35-37 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 188-191 8107531-0 1994 Corticotropin-releasing hormone enhances the superoxide anion production of rabbit peritoneal macrophages stimulated with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. Superoxides 45-61 corticoliberin Oryctolagus cuniculus 0-31 8107531-1 1994 Effects of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) on the superoxide anion (O2-) production in macrophages (M phi s) were investigated. Superoxides 56-72 corticoliberin Oryctolagus cuniculus 44-47 8107531-3 1994 However, M phi s preincubated with CRH showed significant enhancement of O2- production following stimulation with a chemotactic peptide, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), at CRH concentrations from 10(-10) to 10(-7) M. Maximal enhancement of O2- production was obtained with 10 min preincubation with CRH for FMLP stimulation. Superoxides 73-75 corticoliberin Oryctolagus cuniculus 35-38 8107531-3 1994 However, M phi s preincubated with CRH showed significant enhancement of O2- production following stimulation with a chemotactic peptide, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), at CRH concentrations from 10(-10) to 10(-7) M. Maximal enhancement of O2- production was obtained with 10 min preincubation with CRH for FMLP stimulation. Superoxides 257-259 corticoliberin Oryctolagus cuniculus 35-38 18472936-3 1994 Significantly reduced superoxide production was found in PMNs from patients with Crohn"s disease as compared to normal controls, when fMLP or CSa were used as stimulants (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively), whereas no differences were found when ulcerative colitis patients were compared to normal controls (p > 0.05). Superoxides 22-32 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 134-138 7902790-1 1993 Human neutrophils, added to fibronectin (FN)-coated polystyrene wells and exposed to tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), were found to exhibit a prolonged production of superoxide anion (O2-) after a lag period of approx 30 min. Superoxides 193-196 fibronectin 1 Homo sapiens 28-39 7934152-5 1994 DMTU, SOD, and catalase were employed for the scavenging of hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion, and hydrogen peroxide, respectively. Superoxides 78-94 superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Cavia porcellus 6-9 8279538-6 1993 Increased Cu-Zn-SOD and decreased Mn-SOD in atrophy might reflect increased generation of superoxide anions in the cytoplasm rather than in the mitochondria. Superoxides 90-107 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 10-19 7902790-1 1993 Human neutrophils, added to fibronectin (FN)-coated polystyrene wells and exposed to tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), were found to exhibit a prolonged production of superoxide anion (O2-) after a lag period of approx 30 min. Superoxides 175-191 fibronectin 1 Homo sapiens 28-39 7902790-1 1993 Human neutrophils, added to fibronectin (FN)-coated polystyrene wells and exposed to tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), were found to exhibit a prolonged production of superoxide anion (O2-) after a lag period of approx 30 min. Superoxides 175-191 fibronectin 1 Homo sapiens 41-43 7902790-1 1993 Human neutrophils, added to fibronectin (FN)-coated polystyrene wells and exposed to tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), were found to exhibit a prolonged production of superoxide anion (O2-) after a lag period of approx 30 min. Superoxides 175-191 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 115-124 8136611-2 1993 To further elucidate the mechanisms modulating the oxidative metabolism, we assessed superoxide production induced by N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and phorbol myristate acetate and the expression of FMLP receptors of human neutrophils on several days during sepsis and after trauma. Superoxides 85-95 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 158-162 8136611-8 1993 In accordance with the up-regulation of FMLP receptors, neutrophils obtained from patients with sepsis or after trauma on days 1-4 and days 1-2, respectively, produced significantly more superoxide anion upon stimulation with FMLP. Superoxides 187-203 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 40-44 8136611-8 1993 In accordance with the up-regulation of FMLP receptors, neutrophils obtained from patients with sepsis or after trauma on days 1-4 and days 1-2, respectively, produced significantly more superoxide anion upon stimulation with FMLP. Superoxides 187-203 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 226-230 8148304-6 1993 Any defect in these components except the cytosolic 21-kDa protein (a small GTP binding protein, Rac) causes chronic granulomatous disease, an inherited disorder where leukocytes can not generate superoxide anion. Superoxides 196-212 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 97-100 7902790-1 1993 Human neutrophils, added to fibronectin (FN)-coated polystyrene wells and exposed to tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), were found to exhibit a prolonged production of superoxide anion (O2-) after a lag period of approx 30 min. Superoxides 193-196 fibronectin 1 Homo sapiens 41-43 7902790-1 1993 Human neutrophils, added to fibronectin (FN)-coated polystyrene wells and exposed to tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), were found to exhibit a prolonged production of superoxide anion (O2-) after a lag period of approx 30 min. Superoxides 193-196 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 115-124 7902790-3 1993 When neutrophils were induced to adhere to FN by incubation for 30 min on FN-coated surfaces and then washed to remove non-adherent cells, FN-anchored cells exhibited a rapid onset of O2- production in response to TNF-alpha. Superoxides 184-186 fibronectin 1 Homo sapiens 43-45 7902790-3 1993 When neutrophils were induced to adhere to FN by incubation for 30 min on FN-coated surfaces and then washed to remove non-adherent cells, FN-anchored cells exhibited a rapid onset of O2- production in response to TNF-alpha. Superoxides 184-186 fibronectin 1 Homo sapiens 74-76 7902790-3 1993 When neutrophils were induced to adhere to FN by incubation for 30 min on FN-coated surfaces and then washed to remove non-adherent cells, FN-anchored cells exhibited a rapid onset of O2- production in response to TNF-alpha. Superoxides 184-186 fibronectin 1 Homo sapiens 74-76 7902790-3 1993 When neutrophils were induced to adhere to FN by incubation for 30 min on FN-coated surfaces and then washed to remove non-adherent cells, FN-anchored cells exhibited a rapid onset of O2- production in response to TNF-alpha. Superoxides 184-186 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 214-223 8245346-0 1993 Increased levels of serum neopterin and decreased production of neutrophil superoxide anions in chronic heart failure with elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Superoxides 75-92 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 142-169 8123758-10 1993 This notion was also supported by our findings that a superoxide generating agent, paraquat, induced IL-8 production in human PBMC and that NAC blocked this paraquat-induced IL-8 production. Superoxides 54-64 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 101-105 8123758-10 1993 This notion was also supported by our findings that a superoxide generating agent, paraquat, induced IL-8 production in human PBMC and that NAC blocked this paraquat-induced IL-8 production. Superoxides 54-64 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 174-178 8007817-3 1993 The activation by IFN gamma and/or infection with MHV3 showed that BALB/c mouse macrophages were capable of releasing tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin 1 (IL-1) and anion superoxide (O2-), and A/J mouse macrophages were capable of releasing TNF alpha and IL-1 but not O2-. Superoxides 190-200 interferon gamma Mus musculus 18-27 8007817-3 1993 The activation by IFN gamma and/or infection with MHV3 showed that BALB/c mouse macrophages were capable of releasing tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin 1 (IL-1) and anion superoxide (O2-), and A/J mouse macrophages were capable of releasing TNF alpha and IL-1 but not O2-. Superoxides 202-204 interferon gamma Mus musculus 18-27 8007817-3 1993 The activation by IFN gamma and/or infection with MHV3 showed that BALB/c mouse macrophages were capable of releasing tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), interleukin 1 (IL-1) and anion superoxide (O2-), and A/J mouse macrophages were capable of releasing TNF alpha and IL-1 but not O2-. Superoxides 287-289 interferon gamma Mus musculus 18-27 7504486-4 1993 The protective effects of catalase and superoxide dismutase indicate that superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide being formed during autooxidation of the complex are involved in cell damage. Superoxides 74-92 catalase Mus musculus 26-34 8225581-3 1993 This cleavage also generates new iron chelates which, in contrast to iron bound to transferrin, are able to catalyze formation of the highly cytotoxic hydroxyl radical from neutrophil-derived superoxide and hydrogen peroxide via the Haber-Weiss reaction. Superoxides 192-202 transferrin Homo sapiens 83-94 8228256-5 1993 FPR-transfected HL60 cells retained their ability to undergo granulocytic differentiation with dibutyryl cAMP, as determined by FMLP- and PMA-stimulated superoxide production. Superoxides 153-163 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 8250850-15 1993 Our data suggest that (i) lipopeptides activate the GTPase of Gi-proteins, (ii) lipopeptides and fMLP activate Gi-proteins differently, (iii) lipopeptides stimulate phospholipase D via Gi-proteins, and (iv) phosphatidic acid formation is not sufficient for activation of O2- formation. Superoxides 271-273 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 97-101 8224914-1 1993 A rat genomic DNA (SOD1) encoding Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) (superoxide; superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) was cloned and sequenced. Superoxides 40-50 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 19-23 8224914-1 1993 A rat genomic DNA (SOD1) encoding Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) (superoxide; superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) was cloned and sequenced. Superoxides 40-50 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 62-66 8218364-2 1993 However, these cells did respond with enhanced release of O2- to the later addition of N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) or concanavalin A (Con A). Superoxides 58-60 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 128-132 8226820-9 1993 The inhibitory activities of Mn(II) and the manganese desferal complexes in the cytochrome c assay appear to be due to a stoichiometric, not catalytic, reaction with superoxide as catalytic amounts of these agents do not induce a first-order decay of superoxide as shown by stopped-flow. Superoxides 166-176 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 80-92 8218263-5 1993 At 20% oxygen, cytochrome c is reduced almost exclusively by the superoxide anion, but the amount reduced on a single laser pulse is only one-fourth that reduced under anaerobic conditions. Superoxides 65-81 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 15-27 8218263-6 1993 The second-order rate constants for the reduction of cytochrome c at pH 7.4 and 20 degrees C by NAD and the superoxide anion are 2.0 x 10(9) and 4.0 x 10(6) M-1 s-1, respectively. Superoxides 108-124 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 53-65 8226820-9 1993 The inhibitory activities of Mn(II) and the manganese desferal complexes in the cytochrome c assay appear to be due to a stoichiometric, not catalytic, reaction with superoxide as catalytic amounts of these agents do not induce a first-order decay of superoxide as shown by stopped-flow. Superoxides 251-261 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 80-92 8278627-6 1993 As with phagocytic capacity, superoxide anion production was increased by VIP in non-stimulated macrophages (incubated without latex beads) and even more in stimulated cells (incubated in the presence of latex beads). Superoxides 29-45 vasoactive intestinal peptide Rattus norvegicus 74-77 8217193-1 1993 The effects of surfactant apoprotein A (SP-A) on the superoxide production of rat alveolar macrophages (AM) were studied. Superoxides 53-63 surfactant protein A1 Rattus norvegicus 40-44 8217193-3 1993 When AM were incubated with SP-A only during the measurement of superoxide production, superoxide production was not influenced by SP-A. Superoxides 64-74 surfactant protein A1 Rattus norvegicus 28-32 8217193-4 1993 However, when AM were preincubated with SP-A at a concentration of 1, 2, and 10 micrograms/ml, superoxide production by AM was significantly inhibited (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.01, respectively). Superoxides 95-105 surfactant protein A1 Rattus norvegicus 40-44 8217193-5 1993 The superoxide production of AM stimulated by PMA was significantly inhibited by SP-A at a concentration of 1 microgram/ml (P < 0.01), and superoxide production stimulated by zymosan was also inhibited by SP-A at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml (P < 0.05). Superoxides 4-14 surfactant protein A1 Rattus norvegicus 81-85 8217193-5 1993 The superoxide production of AM stimulated by PMA was significantly inhibited by SP-A at a concentration of 1 microgram/ml (P < 0.01), and superoxide production stimulated by zymosan was also inhibited by SP-A at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml (P < 0.05). Superoxides 4-14 surfactant protein A1 Rattus norvegicus 208-212 8217193-5 1993 The superoxide production of AM stimulated by PMA was significantly inhibited by SP-A at a concentration of 1 microgram/ml (P < 0.01), and superoxide production stimulated by zymosan was also inhibited by SP-A at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml (P < 0.05). Superoxides 142-152 surfactant protein A1 Rattus norvegicus 208-212 8217193-6 1993 Suppression of superoxide production of unstimulated and PMA-stimulated AM was significantly inhibited by anti-SP-A antibody. Superoxides 15-25 surfactant protein A1 Rattus norvegicus 111-115 8217193-8 1993 Our results suggest that superoxide production of AM can be inhibited by SP-A and that this inhibitory effect on AM is due to a specific effect of SP-A. Superoxides 25-35 surfactant protein A1 Rattus norvegicus 73-77 8219237-1 1993 Stimulation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) by phorbol esters or formyl peptides (fMLP) generates large quantities of superoxide anion, the so-called respiratory burst (RB), a phenomenon associated with intense phosphorylation of a 47-kD protein (p47 phox). Superoxides 125-141 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 89-93 8270350-4 1993 METHODS: Superoxide generation was measured by cytochrome C reduction. Superoxides 9-19 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 47-59 8409449-15 1993 PLA2 activation may play a role in regulating production and release of O2- by the human neutrophil. Superoxides 72-74 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 0-4 8224196-2 1993 Damage was induced following treatment with the nitric oxide donor SIN-1, which also releases superoxide, but was not reduced by exogenous superoxide dismutase, suggesting that nitric oxide itself, rather than superoxide or peroxynitrite may be the active species. Superoxides 94-104 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 67-72 8305740-6 1993 The effect of p190 on superoxide (O2-) formation was reversed by the addition of a constitutively GTP-bound Rac2 mutant or Rac1-GTP gamma S but not by RhoA-GTP gamma S. Addition of p190 to an activated oxidase produced no inhibitory effect, suggesting either that p190 no longer has access to Rac in the assembled oxidase or that Rac-GTP is not required for activity once O2- generation has been initiated. Superoxides 22-32 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 108-112 8305740-6 1993 The effect of p190 on superoxide (O2-) formation was reversed by the addition of a constitutively GTP-bound Rac2 mutant or Rac1-GTP gamma S but not by RhoA-GTP gamma S. Addition of p190 to an activated oxidase produced no inhibitory effect, suggesting either that p190 no longer has access to Rac in the assembled oxidase or that Rac-GTP is not required for activity once O2- generation has been initiated. Superoxides 22-32 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 108-111 8305740-6 1993 The effect of p190 on superoxide (O2-) formation was reversed by the addition of a constitutively GTP-bound Rac2 mutant or Rac1-GTP gamma S but not by RhoA-GTP gamma S. Addition of p190 to an activated oxidase produced no inhibitory effect, suggesting either that p190 no longer has access to Rac in the assembled oxidase or that Rac-GTP is not required for activity once O2- generation has been initiated. Superoxides 22-32 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 123-126 8305740-6 1993 The effect of p190 on superoxide (O2-) formation was reversed by the addition of a constitutively GTP-bound Rac2 mutant or Rac1-GTP gamma S but not by RhoA-GTP gamma S. Addition of p190 to an activated oxidase produced no inhibitory effect, suggesting either that p190 no longer has access to Rac in the assembled oxidase or that Rac-GTP is not required for activity once O2- generation has been initiated. Superoxides 34-36 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 108-112 8305740-6 1993 The effect of p190 on superoxide (O2-) formation was reversed by the addition of a constitutively GTP-bound Rac2 mutant or Rac1-GTP gamma S but not by RhoA-GTP gamma S. Addition of p190 to an activated oxidase produced no inhibitory effect, suggesting either that p190 no longer has access to Rac in the assembled oxidase or that Rac-GTP is not required for activity once O2- generation has been initiated. Superoxides 34-36 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 108-111 8305740-6 1993 The effect of p190 on superoxide (O2-) formation was reversed by the addition of a constitutively GTP-bound Rac2 mutant or Rac1-GTP gamma S but not by RhoA-GTP gamma S. Addition of p190 to an activated oxidase produced no inhibitory effect, suggesting either that p190 no longer has access to Rac in the assembled oxidase or that Rac-GTP is not required for activity once O2- generation has been initiated. Superoxides 34-36 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 123-126 8290785-4 1993 The granulocytes showed a significant deficit in chemotaxis stimulated by serum activated with E. Coli, casein and formyl-methionyl-leucylphenylalanine (fMLP) (p < 0.01) and in superoxide production stimulated by phorbol-myristate-acetate (PMA). Superoxides 180-190 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 153-157 7507613-2 1993 SOD clears superoxide radical and is one of the body"s principal defense mechanisms against oxygen toxicity. Superoxides 11-29 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 8409451-4 1993 The cytokine IFN-gamma triggered activation of these macrophages and down-regulated cell surface expression of the mannose receptor after 48 h. Macrophage activation, as assessed by the generation of superoxide radicals, was inversely correlated with mannose receptor expression. Superoxides 200-210 interferon gamma Mus musculus 13-22 8407934-6 1993 After activation of neutrophils with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, Rac was translocated from the cytosol to the plasma membrane, and this translocation corresponded temporally with the translocation of p47-phox and p67-phox and with the generation of superoxide. Superoxides 295-305 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 111-114 8250232-1 1993 An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed using polyclonal antibodies raised against two cytosolic proteins of 47 kDa (p47) and 67 kDa (p67) which behave as activation factors for the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase of neutrophils at the onset of phagocytosis. Superoxides 206-216 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 158-161 8299205-4 1993 Recent research indicates that the relationship between superoxide radical and the enzymes responsible for its removal (the superoxide dismutases, SOD) reflects a much more delicate balance than was first envisioned. Superoxides 56-74 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 147-150 8375511-3 1993 Here we show that bilirubin (BR), the end-product of heme catabolism, when bound to bovine serum albumin (BSA), is oxidised by hydroxyl (.OH), hydroperoxyl (HO2.), and superoxide anion (O2-.) Superoxides 168-184 albumin Homo sapiens 91-104 8280614-4 1993 Human SOD (rh-SOD), an enzyme which dismutates superoxide, has recently been cloned and expressed in yeast. Superoxides 47-57 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 6-9 8280614-4 1993 Human SOD (rh-SOD), an enzyme which dismutates superoxide, has recently been cloned and expressed in yeast. Superoxides 47-57 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 11-17 8225024-0 1993 Spin trapping of superoxide radicals following stimulation of neutrophils with fMLP is temperature dependent. Superoxides 17-27 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 79-83 7903278-2 1993 Extending previous observations, we found that tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulated generation of superoxide anion by eosinophils plated on fibronectin-coated surfaces. Superoxides 154-170 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 71-74 7903278-2 1993 Extending previous observations, we found that tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulated generation of superoxide anion by eosinophils plated on fibronectin-coated surfaces. Superoxides 154-170 fibronectin 1 Homo sapiens 196-207 8262554-1 1993 Involvement of protein kinase C. The peptides neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY) at concentrations from 10(-12) M to 10(-8) M have been shown in this study to stimulate significantly, in vitro, several functions of resting peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice: adherence to substrate, chemotaxis, ingestion of inert particles (latex beads) and foreign cells (Candida albicans), and production of superoxide anion measured by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction. Superoxides 406-422 peptide YY Mus musculus 71-81 8262554-1 1993 Involvement of protein kinase C. The peptides neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY) at concentrations from 10(-12) M to 10(-8) M have been shown in this study to stimulate significantly, in vitro, several functions of resting peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice: adherence to substrate, chemotaxis, ingestion of inert particles (latex beads) and foreign cells (Candida albicans), and production of superoxide anion measured by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction. Superoxides 406-422 peptide YY Mus musculus 83-86 8262557-3 1993 We have identified peptides derived from the primary amino acid sequence of human TNF-alpha that have neutrophil-stimulating activity, as measured by enhanced chemiluminescence and superoxide production, and peptides which are both directly cytotoxic for tumour cells (WEHI-164) in vitro and also prevent TNF binding to tumour cells. Superoxides 181-191 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 82-91 8262557-3 1993 We have identified peptides derived from the primary amino acid sequence of human TNF-alpha that have neutrophil-stimulating activity, as measured by enhanced chemiluminescence and superoxide production, and peptides which are both directly cytotoxic for tumour cells (WEHI-164) in vitro and also prevent TNF binding to tumour cells. Superoxides 181-191 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 82-85 8225024-6 1993 In the presence of the actin polymerization inhibitor, cytochalasin B, superoxide generation was persistent, even when measurements were conducted at 37 degrees C. A possible explanation for these observations is that the fMLP receptor complexes quickly aggregate and are internalized at physiological temperature, but not at room temperature. Superoxides 71-81 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 222-235 8408245-3 1993 Test cells incubated in the presence of MDF display dramatic inhibition of superoxide anion (O2-) release when stimulated. Superoxides 75-91 gametogenetin binding protein 1 Mus musculus 40-43 8408245-3 1993 Test cells incubated in the presence of MDF display dramatic inhibition of superoxide anion (O2-) release when stimulated. Superoxides 93-95 gametogenetin binding protein 1 Mus musculus 40-43 8260539-3 1993 On the other hand, TNF or radiation treatment can stimulate the expression of a mitochondrial superoxide scavenging enzyme, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), which can lower the cytotoxic effects of both agents. Superoxides 94-104 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 19-22 8264727-4 1993 The rate of conversion is further increased in the presence of the catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT) and the extent of inhibition of the lysate catalase increases upon acidification, implying that H2O2 is thus produced by the spontaneous dismutation of superoxide radicals generated during methemoglobin formation. Superoxides 268-278 catalase Homo sapiens 67-75 8264727-4 1993 The rate of conversion is further increased in the presence of the catalase inhibitor 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT) and the extent of inhibition of the lysate catalase increases upon acidification, implying that H2O2 is thus produced by the spontaneous dismutation of superoxide radicals generated during methemoglobin formation. Superoxides 268-278 catalase Homo sapiens 159-167 8232185-1 1993 The localization of Cu/Zn and Mn superoxide dismutase (SOD), which catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radicals (O2-) to O2 and H2O2, in various thyroid disorders was studied by an immunohistochemical technique in 20% formalin fixed paraffin embedded thin sections using anti-human Cu/Zn and Mn-SOD antibodies. Superoxides 33-43 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 55-58 8232185-1 1993 The localization of Cu/Zn and Mn superoxide dismutase (SOD), which catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radicals (O2-) to O2 and H2O2, in various thyroid disorders was studied by an immunohistochemical technique in 20% formalin fixed paraffin embedded thin sections using anti-human Cu/Zn and Mn-SOD antibodies. Superoxides 117-119 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 55-58 8232185-1 1993 The localization of Cu/Zn and Mn superoxide dismutase (SOD), which catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radicals (O2-) to O2 and H2O2, in various thyroid disorders was studied by an immunohistochemical technique in 20% formalin fixed paraffin embedded thin sections using anti-human Cu/Zn and Mn-SOD antibodies. Superoxides 125-127 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 55-58 7690799-4 1993 The levels of superoxide anion production were found to be markedly elevated when thrombin-activated platelets were used. Superoxides 14-30 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 82-90 8379940-9 1993 The findings suggest that the protection level against superoxide radicals provided by EC-SOD in the tissue interstitial space, given the small distribution volume, is not much less prominent than that bestowed on the intracellular space by CuZn-SOD and Mn-SOD. Superoxides 55-65 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 87-93 8214120-7 1993 The observation that both SOD and SIN 1 inhibit leukocyte adhesion only under conditions associated with superoxide formation (HX-XO and PAF, but not LTB4) strongly suggests that the antiadhesion properties of NO are related to its ability to inactivate the superoxide anion. Superoxides 105-115 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 26-29 8247257-1 1993 The present study was undertaken to examine whether and what type of interaction occurs between a synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (DEX) and an opioid peptide, met-enkephalin (MENK) upon superoxide anion (O2-) release from human polymorphonuclear cells (PMN). Superoxides 194-210 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 167-181 8247257-1 1993 The present study was undertaken to examine whether and what type of interaction occurs between a synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (DEX) and an opioid peptide, met-enkephalin (MENK) upon superoxide anion (O2-) release from human polymorphonuclear cells (PMN). Superoxides 194-210 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 183-187 8247257-1 1993 The present study was undertaken to examine whether and what type of interaction occurs between a synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (DEX) and an opioid peptide, met-enkephalin (MENK) upon superoxide anion (O2-) release from human polymorphonuclear cells (PMN). Superoxides 212-214 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 167-181 8247257-1 1993 The present study was undertaken to examine whether and what type of interaction occurs between a synthetic glucocorticoid, dexamethasone (DEX) and an opioid peptide, met-enkephalin (MENK) upon superoxide anion (O2-) release from human polymorphonuclear cells (PMN). Superoxides 212-214 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 183-187 8247257-2 1993 MENK (10(-8) M) abolished suppressed O2- release from PMNs treated with 10(-7) M DEX. Superoxides 37-39 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 0-4 8134165-5 1993 The cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) has been shown to enhance O2- production in MDM. Superoxides 68-70 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 13-29 8134165-5 1993 The cytokine interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) has been shown to enhance O2- production in MDM. Superoxides 68-70 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 31-40 8134165-6 1993 When GSD 1b MDM were cultured in the presence of IFN-gamma (1 x 10(5) U/L), O2- production in response to fMet-Leu-Phe, concanavalin A, and PMA was enhanced to rates similar to those of control MDM cultured in the presence of IFN-gamma. Superoxides 76-78 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 49-58 8134165-6 1993 When GSD 1b MDM were cultured in the presence of IFN-gamma (1 x 10(5) U/L), O2- production in response to fMet-Leu-Phe, concanavalin A, and PMA was enhanced to rates similar to those of control MDM cultured in the presence of IFN-gamma. Superoxides 76-78 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 226-235 8394249-2 1993 We demonstrate that native copper bound to horse spleen ferritin and apoferritin, stimulated the decay of O2.- in a catalytic reaction. Superoxides 106-108 ferritin heavy chain Equus caballus 69-80 8214120-7 1993 The observation that both SOD and SIN 1 inhibit leukocyte adhesion only under conditions associated with superoxide formation (HX-XO and PAF, but not LTB4) strongly suggests that the antiadhesion properties of NO are related to its ability to inactivate the superoxide anion. Superoxides 105-115 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 34-39 8214120-7 1993 The observation that both SOD and SIN 1 inhibit leukocyte adhesion only under conditions associated with superoxide formation (HX-XO and PAF, but not LTB4) strongly suggests that the antiadhesion properties of NO are related to its ability to inactivate the superoxide anion. Superoxides 258-274 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 26-29 8406585-0 1993 Interleukin-8 primes human neutrophils for enhanced superoxide anion production. Superoxides 52-68 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 0-13 8406585-2 1993 In this study, we investigated the effect of recombinant human (rh) IL-8 on superoxide (O2-) production by neutrophils. Superoxides 76-86 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 68-72 8406585-2 1993 In this study, we investigated the effect of recombinant human (rh) IL-8 on superoxide (O2-) production by neutrophils. Superoxides 88-90 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 68-72 8345199-4 1993 TGF-beta dose-dependently suppressed the acid phosphatase activity of and formation of superoxide anion by LPS activated microglia. Superoxides 87-103 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 0-8 7691787-7 1993 Significant augmenting effects of G-CSF on superoxide (O2-) production by TNF-stimulated neutrophils were observed. Superoxides 43-53 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 74-77 7691787-7 1993 Significant augmenting effects of G-CSF on superoxide (O2-) production by TNF-stimulated neutrophils were observed. Superoxides 55-57 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 74-77 8406585-5 1993 Recombinant human IL-8 increased both the maximal rate and the total O2- production, but did not prolong the response to FMLP. Superoxides 69-71 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 18-22 8407359-2 1993 Information regarding the presence of the oxyradical scavenging enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the formation of the radical oxygen intermediate superoxide (SO) during the early stages of flight muscle histolysis in this insect was investigated. Superoxides 71-81 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 93-96 8101555-1 1993 Human neutrophils were activated by the bacterial chemotactic peptide N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) to produce superoxide (O2-) and to release the primary granule enzyme beta-glucuronidase and the predominantly secondary granule enzyme lysozyme. Superoxides 127-137 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 110-114 8101555-1 1993 Human neutrophils were activated by the bacterial chemotactic peptide N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) to produce superoxide (O2-) and to release the primary granule enzyme beta-glucuronidase and the predominantly secondary granule enzyme lysozyme. Superoxides 139-142 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 110-114 8391848-6 1993 Both avidin- and PMA-induced superoxide generation were independent of the extracellular calcium, while FMLP-induced superoxide generation was dependent on the presence of calcium in solution. Superoxides 117-127 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 104-108 8099261-0 1993 Increased number of alveolar macrophages expressing surface molecules of the CD11/CD18 family in sarcoidosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is related to the production of superoxide anions by these cells. Superoxides 175-192 integrin subunit beta 2 Homo sapiens 82-86 8099261-7 1993 Incubation of the AM with the MoAb anti-CD18 reduced the spontaneous O2- release from SA AM by 52 +/- 8% and from IPF AM by 49 +/- 3% but did not influence O2- release from NS AM (92 +/- 4%). Superoxides 69-71 integrin subunit beta 2 Homo sapiens 40-44 8395934-6 1993 Even though the superoxide radical (O2-)-producing ability of the MPO-NADH system was about 29% of that of the hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system, under the experimental conditions employed, the rate of tyrosine formation from phenylalanine by two systems was found to be a similar. Superoxides 16-34 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 66-69 8395934-8 1993 may occur in the MPO-NADH system under aerobic conditions and a superoxide radical may be involved in the OH. Superoxides 64-82 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 17-20 8391938-2 1993 Treatment of neutrophils with medium-high doses (from 10(-8) to 5 x 10(-7) M) of fMLP caused activation of superoxide anion (O2-) production, but prevented further activation by a subsequent addition of an optimal dose (from 10(-7) M to 5 x 10(-7) M) of fMLP. Superoxides 107-123 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 81-85 8391938-2 1993 Treatment of neutrophils with medium-high doses (from 10(-8) to 5 x 10(-7) M) of fMLP caused activation of superoxide anion (O2-) production, but prevented further activation by a subsequent addition of an optimal dose (from 10(-7) M to 5 x 10(-7) M) of fMLP. Superoxides 125-127 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 81-85 8391938-4 1993 However, neutrophils treated with low, sub-stimulatory doses (from 10(-10) to 5 x 10(-9) M) of the peptide and then treated with optimal doses of fMLP exhibited an O2- production that was two to three-fold higher than that induced by the same optimal doses on untreated cells. Superoxides 164-166 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 146-150 8394173-0 1993 Synergistic effect of interferon-gamma and phorbol myristate acetate on superoxide production by human monocytes. Superoxides 72-82 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 22-38 8394173-1 1993 This study demonstrates a synergistic effect of IFN gamma and PMA on superoxide generation by human monocytes. Superoxides 69-79 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 48-57 8394173-2 1993 A strict correlation was observed between the induction of superoxide production and PK-C activation by PMA alone. Superoxides 59-69 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 85-89 8394173-4 1993 However, exposure of the cells to IFN gamma for 10 to 15 hr prior to PMA treatment enhanced both superoxide production and PK-C activation. Superoxides 97-107 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 34-43 8268644-6 1993 We examined the impact of the increased sTNFR levels on the ability of TNF alpha to prime neutrophil superoxide production in cross-incubation experiments. Superoxides 101-111 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 71-80 8268644-7 1993 When normal neutrophils were incubated with TNF alpha in the presence of hemodialysis patient plasma, the resulting increase in fMLP stimulated superoxide production was significantly less than when normal plasma was used. Superoxides 144-154 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 44-53 8268644-7 1993 When normal neutrophils were incubated with TNF alpha in the presence of hemodialysis patient plasma, the resulting increase in fMLP stimulated superoxide production was significantly less than when normal plasma was used. Superoxides 144-154 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 128-132 8325540-6 1993 Homocysteine thiolactone is oxidized to sulfate by a process involving ascorbate, thioretinamide, and superoxide, under the control of thyroxine and growth hormone. Superoxides 102-112 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 149-163 8392494-2 1993 This enhanced superoxide anion generation could be secondary to increased activity of the respiratory burst NADPH oxidase or diminished metabolism of superoxide via superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 14-30 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 165-185 8392494-2 1993 This enhanced superoxide anion generation could be secondary to increased activity of the respiratory burst NADPH oxidase or diminished metabolism of superoxide via superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 14-30 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 187-190 8392494-2 1993 This enhanced superoxide anion generation could be secondary to increased activity of the respiratory burst NADPH oxidase or diminished metabolism of superoxide via superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 165-185 8392494-2 1993 This enhanced superoxide anion generation could be secondary to increased activity of the respiratory burst NADPH oxidase or diminished metabolism of superoxide via superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 187-190 8390485-3 1993 We found that IFN-gamma induced a concentration-dependent increase in the capacity of human monocyte-derived macrophages to ingest and kill both opsonized and unopsonized Candida albicans and to release superoxide anion upon stimulation with Candida. Superoxides 203-219 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 14-23 8394173-6 1993 These kinases appeared to be involved in the effect of IFN gamma on superoxide production, as well as in its potentiation of PMA activity. Superoxides 68-78 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 55-64 8391055-2 1993 Platelet-activating factor (PAF) and recombinant bovine interleukin-1 beta (r-BoIL-1 beta) induced superoxide production and beta-glucosaminadase release in bovine neutrophils. Superoxides 99-109 PCNA-associated factor Bos taurus 0-26 8391055-2 1993 Platelet-activating factor (PAF) and recombinant bovine interleukin-1 beta (r-BoIL-1 beta) induced superoxide production and beta-glucosaminadase release in bovine neutrophils. Superoxides 99-109 PCNA-associated factor Bos taurus 28-31 8391055-9 1993 These results suggest that (1) PAF and r-BoIL-1 beta activate bovine neutrophils by different mechanisms, (2) r-BoGM-CSF primes superoxide production and degranulation induced by PAF, (3) r-BoGM-CSF primes superoxide production but not degranulation induced by r-BoIL-1 beta, and (4) the priming effect of r-BoGM-CSF is not mediated by PAF. Superoxides 128-138 PCNA-associated factor Bos taurus 31-34 8391055-9 1993 These results suggest that (1) PAF and r-BoIL-1 beta activate bovine neutrophils by different mechanisms, (2) r-BoGM-CSF primes superoxide production and degranulation induced by PAF, (3) r-BoGM-CSF primes superoxide production but not degranulation induced by r-BoIL-1 beta, and (4) the priming effect of r-BoGM-CSF is not mediated by PAF. Superoxides 128-138 PCNA-associated factor Bos taurus 179-182 8391055-9 1993 These results suggest that (1) PAF and r-BoIL-1 beta activate bovine neutrophils by different mechanisms, (2) r-BoGM-CSF primes superoxide production and degranulation induced by PAF, (3) r-BoGM-CSF primes superoxide production but not degranulation induced by r-BoIL-1 beta, and (4) the priming effect of r-BoGM-CSF is not mediated by PAF. Superoxides 128-138 PCNA-associated factor Bos taurus 179-182 8391055-9 1993 These results suggest that (1) PAF and r-BoIL-1 beta activate bovine neutrophils by different mechanisms, (2) r-BoGM-CSF primes superoxide production and degranulation induced by PAF, (3) r-BoGM-CSF primes superoxide production but not degranulation induced by r-BoIL-1 beta, and (4) the priming effect of r-BoGM-CSF is not mediated by PAF. Superoxides 206-216 PCNA-associated factor Bos taurus 31-34 8099103-0 1993 Reactions of radiolytically-generated superoxide anion with higher oxidation states of lactoperoxidase. Superoxides 38-54 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 87-102 8315350-7 1993 Incubation with 2-deoxyglucose (10 min, 5 mM), sufficient to inhibit by more than 90% the formyl peptide-stimulated superoxide generation by monocytes, slowed fMLP-induced acidification and abrogated the alkalinization. Superoxides 116-126 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 159-163 8315350-8 1993 In addition, monocytes isolated from the blood of a patient with X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) underwent fMLP-induced acidification that was unmasked further by coincubation with dimethylamiloride, in a manner quantitatively similar to that of normal monocytes, despite the inability of the CGD cells to produce superoxide. Superoxides 327-337 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 120-124 8397329-2 1993 Results showed that PMN in suspension from elderly individuals displayed a phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-triggered O2- responsiveness which overlapped that seen in the younger counterpart, while a significant decrease of respiratory burst was observed in the presence of formyl-methionyl-leucine-phenylalanine (FMLP). Superoxides 123-125 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 319-323 8397329-6 1993 By contrast, under the same experimental conditions, O2- generation from adhering cells was reduced by using anti-CD18 antibody only. Superoxides 53-55 integrin subunit beta 2 Homo sapiens 114-118 8390258-0 1993 Superoxide is an antagonist of antiinflammatory drugs that inhibit hypochlorous acid production by myeloperoxidase. Superoxides 0-10 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 99-114 7683614-2 1993 The O2- production by the stimulants was completely inhibited by PKC inhibitors such as calphostin C and staurosporine and was not affected by 1% ethanol, a metabolic modulator of phospholipase D (PLD). Superoxides 4-6 glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1 Homo sapiens 180-195 7683614-2 1993 The O2- production by the stimulants was completely inhibited by PKC inhibitors such as calphostin C and staurosporine and was not affected by 1% ethanol, a metabolic modulator of phospholipase D (PLD). Superoxides 4-6 glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1 Homo sapiens 197-200 7683614-3 1993 Furthermore, the O2- production by vanadate and fMLP, but not by OAG and PMA, was inhibited by both an inhibitor of phospholipase C (PLC), neomycin, and an inhibitor of tyrosine kinase, ST-638. Superoxides 17-19 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 48-52 8387096-8 1993 Neutrophil superoxide production could be induced by aggregated IgA, and was increased if the neutrophils were pretreated with FMLP, correlating with the increase in Fc alpha R expression. Superoxides 11-21 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 127-131 8387096-8 1993 Neutrophil superoxide production could be induced by aggregated IgA, and was increased if the neutrophils were pretreated with FMLP, correlating with the increase in Fc alpha R expression. Superoxides 11-21 Fc alpha receptor Homo sapiens 166-176 8387097-7 1993 CsA reduced FMLP-induced O2- formation by 20%, but CsB, CsC, CsD, and CsE did not. Superoxides 25-27 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 12-16 8387343-5 1993 Both diC8s also enhance fMLP-stimulated synthesis of leukotriene B4, 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and platelet-activating factor, and generation of superoxide. Superoxides 150-160 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 24-28 7683858-1 1993 Hypotonic shock enhanced both formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP)-induced superoxide (O2-.) Superoxides 83-93 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 69-73 7683858-1 1993 Hypotonic shock enhanced both formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP)-induced superoxide (O2-.) Superoxides 95-97 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 69-73 8004151-1 1993 There is evidence for a tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha)-initiated and CD11b/CD18-dependent burst of superoxide anion (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide production by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes which are adherent to surfaces bearing a variety of proteins. Superoxides 108-124 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 24-51 8004151-1 1993 There is evidence for a tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha)-initiated and CD11b/CD18-dependent burst of superoxide anion (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide production by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes which are adherent to surfaces bearing a variety of proteins. Superoxides 108-124 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 53-62 8004151-1 1993 There is evidence for a tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha)-initiated and CD11b/CD18-dependent burst of superoxide anion (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide production by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes which are adherent to surfaces bearing a variety of proteins. Superoxides 108-124 integrin subunit beta 2 Homo sapiens 84-88 8004151-1 1993 There is evidence for a tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha)-initiated and CD11b/CD18-dependent burst of superoxide anion (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide production by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes which are adherent to surfaces bearing a variety of proteins. Superoxides 126-128 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 24-51 8004151-1 1993 There is evidence for a tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha)-initiated and CD11b/CD18-dependent burst of superoxide anion (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide production by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes which are adherent to surfaces bearing a variety of proteins. Superoxides 126-128 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 53-62 8004151-1 1993 There is evidence for a tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha)-initiated and CD11b/CD18-dependent burst of superoxide anion (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide production by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes which are adherent to surfaces bearing a variety of proteins. Superoxides 126-128 integrin subunit beta 2 Homo sapiens 84-88 8004151-8 1993 Antibodies to CD18 (R15.7) or CD11b (CL44 and 60.1) reduced the incremental production of O2- by 76, 71 and 77%, respectively. Superoxides 90-92 integrin subunit beta 2 Homo sapiens 14-18 8387952-6 1993 The increased spontaneous superoxide formation of neutrophils isolated from postischemic liver (1.05 +/- 0.11 nmol O2-/hr/10(6) cells) was reduced by 56% in neutrophils from CD11b antibody-treated animals. Superoxides 26-36 integrin subunit alpha M Rattus norvegicus 174-179 8387952-6 1993 The increased spontaneous superoxide formation of neutrophils isolated from postischemic liver (1.05 +/- 0.11 nmol O2-/hr/10(6) cells) was reduced by 56% in neutrophils from CD11b antibody-treated animals. Superoxides 115-117 integrin subunit alpha M Rattus norvegicus 174-179 8099103-3 1993 The results suggest that superoxide anion reacts also with compound II of lactoperoxidase; however, the reduction of the heme iron has not been observed. Superoxides 25-41 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 74-89 8385630-4 1993 This is supported by the observation that when nitric oxide was added to a superoxide generating system, catalase inhibited the production of singlet oxygen while superoxide dismutase enhanced it. Superoxides 75-85 catalase Homo sapiens 105-113 8387300-1 1993 The addition of agents, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, to human peripheral neutrophils (HPPMN) induces priming, which enhances the receptor-mediated superoxide (O2-) generation and tyrosine phosphorylation of several HPPMN proteins. Superoxides 155-165 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 32-59 8387300-1 1993 The addition of agents, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, to human peripheral neutrophils (HPPMN) induces priming, which enhances the receptor-mediated superoxide (O2-) generation and tyrosine phosphorylation of several HPPMN proteins. Superoxides 167-169 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 32-59 8387301-6 1993 Also, the reduction of cytochrome c by superoxide anions fell from 4.2 nmol/10(6) cells in the absence of forskolin to 2.0 nmol/10(6) cells following forskolin treatment. Superoxides 39-56 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 23-35 8385686-6 1993 Superoxide radical production in response to either FMLP or PMA remained fairly constant for the first few days in vitro and then declined. Superoxides 0-18 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 52-56 8386028-7 1993 In single patients cultivation of monocytes with IL-6 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor resulted in only slight improvement of superoxide production. Superoxides 146-156 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 49-53 8387383-4 1993 Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and PGD2 inhibited both OZ-induced LTB4 release (EC50 0.72 microM and 0.91 microM respectively), and FMLP-induced O2- release (EC50 0.42 microM and 0.50 microM respectively). Superoxides 138-140 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 125-129 7681399-2 1993 Treatment of these cells with human recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) resulted in an increase in phagocytosis and phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated superoxide anion production at 12 h and growth retardation occurring at 24 h. Moreover, TNF induced a moderate increase of CD14 surface antigen expression, used as a phenotypic marker of monocyte/macrophage differentiation. Superoxides 163-179 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 54-75 7681399-2 1993 Treatment of these cells with human recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) resulted in an increase in phagocytosis and phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated superoxide anion production at 12 h and growth retardation occurring at 24 h. Moreover, TNF induced a moderate increase of CD14 surface antigen expression, used as a phenotypic marker of monocyte/macrophage differentiation. Superoxides 163-179 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 77-80 7684358-5 1993 The priming effect of tachykinins was not confined to a single stimulus, such as FMLP, since NKA, NKB and SP also enhanced O2- production stimulated by platelet-activating factor (PAF), an important mediator of inflammation but a weak stimulus of O2- production on its own. Superoxides 123-125 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 106-108 7684358-2 1993 Neurokinin A (NKA), neurokinin B (NKB) and eledoisin (E) but not kassinin (K) have similar effects to substance P (SP) in priming neutrophils for increased superoxide anion (O2-) production in response to formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP). Superoxides 156-172 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 0-12 7684358-5 1993 The priming effect of tachykinins was not confined to a single stimulus, such as FMLP, since NKA, NKB and SP also enhanced O2- production stimulated by platelet-activating factor (PAF), an important mediator of inflammation but a weak stimulus of O2- production on its own. Superoxides 123-125 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 93-96 8390449-7 1993 The results of inhibition studies on the NADH oxidation with SOD and catalase suggested that the reaction mixture containing stannum (IV) chloride contained a greater amount of H2O2 and a lower amount of O2- than that containing only vanadium (IV). Superoxides 179-181 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 61-64 8386191-12 1993 Furthermore, while colchicine inhibited the activation of the NADPH oxidase by microcrystals, it, on the other hand, enhanced the production of superoxide anions by FMLP. Superoxides 144-161 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 165-169 8386775-6 1993 The production of superoxide anions was monitored by the reduction of cytochrome c. Superoxides 18-35 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 70-82 8387355-6 1993 Processed Rac1 and Rac2 were both highly active in this system and supported comparable rates of superoxide production. Superoxides 97-107 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 19-23 8383722-3 1993 Both agents (1 microgram/mL) also increased the production of superoxide by resting and FMLP-stimulated neutrophils. Superoxides 62-72 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 88-92 8383719-8 1993 Treatment with both TGF-beta and D3 (but not D3 alone) induces superoxide anions and H2O2 production similar to that of circulating monocytes. Superoxides 63-80 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 20-28 8384124-3 1993 Spontaneous and RA-induced differentiation into normal and leukemic macrophages induced a progressive loss of cAMP production and regulation of superoxide anion production by VIP and related peptides. Superoxides 144-160 vasoactive intestinal peptide Homo sapiens 175-178 8382631-4 1993 HPLC analysis shows that these preparations of Rp-cAMPS contained concentrations of adenosine which could produce significant inhibition of fMLP-induced O2-. Superoxides 153-155 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 140-144 8446170-6 1993 Here we report tight genetic linkage between FALS and a gene that encodes a cytosolic, Cu/Zn-binding superoxide dismutase (SOD1), a homodimeric metalloenzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of the toxic superoxide anion O2.- to O2 and H2O2 (ref. Superoxides 202-218 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 123-127 8382247-2 1993 NaF and FMLP stimulated superoxide release from both groups of cells, but the response was attenuated in RA-differentiated cells. Superoxides 24-34 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 0-3 8382247-2 1993 NaF and FMLP stimulated superoxide release from both groups of cells, but the response was attenuated in RA-differentiated cells. Superoxides 24-34 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 8-12 8384238-3 1993 Following pretreatment of human PMNs with recombinant IFN-gamma, superoxide anion release was selectively primed toward the receptor-initiated stimulants f-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) and C5a but not toward the transduction-mediated stimulants phorbol myristate acetate and A23187, a calcium ionophore. Superoxides 65-81 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 54-63 8384238-3 1993 Following pretreatment of human PMNs with recombinant IFN-gamma, superoxide anion release was selectively primed toward the receptor-initiated stimulants f-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) and C5a but not toward the transduction-mediated stimulants phorbol myristate acetate and A23187, a calcium ionophore. Superoxides 65-81 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 169-173 8384238-3 1993 Following pretreatment of human PMNs with recombinant IFN-gamma, superoxide anion release was selectively primed toward the receptor-initiated stimulants f-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) and C5a but not toward the transduction-mediated stimulants phorbol myristate acetate and A23187, a calcium ionophore. Superoxides 65-81 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 179-182 8384637-1 1993 The effects of a beta-adrenergic agonist and a cyclic AMP analogue on activation, activity, and termination of FMLP-stimulated superoxide anion production were investigated. Superoxides 127-143 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 111-115 8384637-3 1993 Exposure to 1 mM dibutyryl cyclic AMP resulted in a 40% decrease in the maximal rate and a 3-fold increase in the rate of termination of FMLP-induced superoxide production. Superoxides 150-160 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 137-141 8387355-9 1993 Unprocessed Rac proteins were only weakly able to support superoxide generation in either system, but preloading of Rac1 or Rac2 with guanosine 5"-O-(3-thio-triphosphate) (GTP gamma S) restored activity. Superoxides 58-68 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 12-15 7678988-1 1993 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte CSF (G-CSF) primed human neutrophils for enhanced release of superoxide in time- and dose-dependent manners. Superoxides 164-174 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-21 8438880-2 1993 Recent studies have shown that certain lymphokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) can significantly enhance O2- production by phagocytic cells. Superoxides 158-160 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 59-86 8438880-2 1993 Recent studies have shown that certain lymphokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) can significantly enhance O2- production by phagocytic cells. Superoxides 158-160 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 88-97 8438880-2 1993 Recent studies have shown that certain lymphokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) can significantly enhance O2- production by phagocytic cells. Superoxides 158-160 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 103-119 8438880-2 1993 Recent studies have shown that certain lymphokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) can significantly enhance O2- production by phagocytic cells. Superoxides 158-160 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 121-130 8383432-1 1993 In neutrophils, N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP) stimulates a respiratory burst with subsequent generation of superoxide anion (O2-.) Superoxides 105-121 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 16-36 8383432-1 1993 In neutrophils, N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP) stimulates a respiratory burst with subsequent generation of superoxide anion (O2-.) Superoxides 105-121 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 38-42 8383432-1 1993 In neutrophils, N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP) stimulates a respiratory burst with subsequent generation of superoxide anion (O2-.) Superoxides 123-125 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 16-36 8383432-1 1993 In neutrophils, N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP) stimulates a respiratory burst with subsequent generation of superoxide anion (O2-.) Superoxides 123-125 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 38-42 7679062-1 1993 The superoxide (O2-)-releasing capacity in response to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and the priming effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) on FMLP-induced O2- release were investigated in neutrophils from 14 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Superoxides 4-14 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 96-100 8433137-2 1993 In the laboratory, scavenging of the superoxide anion with native superoxide dismutase (SOD) or polyethylene glycol (PEG)-conjugated SOD (PEG-SOD) has been shown to be beneficial in several types of traumatic and ischemic injury. Superoxides 37-53 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 88-91 8433137-2 1993 In the laboratory, scavenging of the superoxide anion with native superoxide dismutase (SOD) or polyethylene glycol (PEG)-conjugated SOD (PEG-SOD) has been shown to be beneficial in several types of traumatic and ischemic injury. Superoxides 37-53 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 133-136 8433137-2 1993 In the laboratory, scavenging of the superoxide anion with native superoxide dismutase (SOD) or polyethylene glycol (PEG)-conjugated SOD (PEG-SOD) has been shown to be beneficial in several types of traumatic and ischemic injury. Superoxides 37-53 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 138-145 8381103-2 1993 Previous reports have shown that foetal cord serum (FCS) and superoxide anion, O2.-, can trigger human sperm hyperactivation (HA) and capacitation and that superoxide dismutase (SOD) could prevent these processes. Superoxides 61-77 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 178-181 8381103-2 1993 Previous reports have shown that foetal cord serum (FCS) and superoxide anion, O2.-, can trigger human sperm hyperactivation (HA) and capacitation and that superoxide dismutase (SOD) could prevent these processes. Superoxides 79-81 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 178-181 7679371-6 1993 In contrast, superoxide production in response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) was decreased in exudate versus blood cells by about 50%. Superoxides 13-23 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 50-77 7679371-6 1993 In contrast, superoxide production in response to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) was decreased in exudate versus blood cells by about 50%. Superoxides 13-23 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 79-82 7679062-1 1993 The superoxide (O2-)-releasing capacity in response to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and the priming effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) on FMLP-induced O2- release were investigated in neutrophils from 14 patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). Superoxides 16-18 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 96-100 8381846-2 1993 Superoxide anion generation in fMLP-stimulated PMN was dose-dependently reduced by heparin and oligo-heparin, while DS and oligo-DS lacked inhibitory activity. Superoxides 0-16 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 31-35 8385654-2 1993 All four riminophenazines at the concentrations tested (0.5 and 1.0 micrograms/ml) significantly increased myeloperoxidase (MPO)-mediated iodination, superoxide (0(2).-) generation, oxygen (0(2)) consumption and chemiluminescence (CL), as well as the release of both primary and secondary granule contents (measured as the release of MPO, lysozyme and vitamin B12-binding protein) by stimulated PMNL. Superoxides 150-160 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 124-127 8433009-5 1993 Catalase, but not superoxide dismutase, prevented this increase indicating that hydrogen peroxide may be the agent responsible for the action, whereas superoxide anion is not involved. Superoxides 151-167 catalase Homo sapiens 0-8 8381917-4 1993 Aglycosylated IgG3 was, however, much less effective in triggering superoxide generation by interferon gamma treated U937 cells at low sensitization levels as threshold responses required only 60 glycosylated IgG3 molecules per erythrocyte compared with 16,000 aglycosylated molecules. Superoxides 67-77 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 92-108 7679577-3 1993 These discrepancies were also observed when superoxide dismutase (SOD) was present to protect NO from inactivation by superoxide anion. Superoxides 118-134 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 44-64 7679577-3 1993 These discrepancies were also observed when superoxide dismutase (SOD) was present to protect NO from inactivation by superoxide anion. Superoxides 118-134 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 66-69 8381848-9 1993 We suggest that the impairment of phospholipase D-mediated metabolism of phosphatidylcholine in response to fMLP stimulation of polycythemia vera granulocytes may be of significance for the reduced superoxide anion formation induced by fMLP in those cells. Superoxides 198-214 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 108-112 8381848-9 1993 We suggest that the impairment of phospholipase D-mediated metabolism of phosphatidylcholine in response to fMLP stimulation of polycythemia vera granulocytes may be of significance for the reduced superoxide anion formation induced by fMLP in those cells. Superoxides 198-214 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 236-240 7678739-7 1993 A role for mitochondrial O2.- generation in TNF alpha cytotoxicity was further supported by the finding that resistant L929 cells had decreased ability to produce O2.- in response to TNF alpha. Superoxides 25-27 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 183-192 7678739-7 1993 A role for mitochondrial O2.- generation in TNF alpha cytotoxicity was further supported by the finding that resistant L929 cells had decreased ability to produce O2.- in response to TNF alpha. Superoxides 25-27 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 44-53 8380722-6 1993 As a consequence of the study, the rate constants for the reaction of superoxide radicals with native and acetylated cytochrome c were also determined to be (4.5 +/- 0.5).10(5) and (1.5 +/- 0.15).10(5) M-1 s-1, respectively. Superoxides 70-80 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 117-129 7678739-7 1993 A role for mitochondrial O2.- generation in TNF alpha cytotoxicity was further supported by the finding that resistant L929 cells had decreased ability to produce O2.- in response to TNF alpha. Superoxides 163-165 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 44-53 7678739-7 1993 A role for mitochondrial O2.- generation in TNF alpha cytotoxicity was further supported by the finding that resistant L929 cells had decreased ability to produce O2.- in response to TNF alpha. Superoxides 163-165 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 183-192 7678739-8 1993 In addition, we detected a decreased activity of the mitochondrial enzyme succinate dehydrogenase in these cells, suggesting that this component of the respiratory chain might be an important contributor to the TNF alpha-induced generation of O2.-. Superoxides 243-245 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 211-220 8381598-0 1993 Effect of in vivo TNF administration on superoxide production and PKC activity of rat alveolar macrophages. Superoxides 40-50 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 18-21 8273565-5 1993 Unexpectedly, treatment of PMNs by H2O2 at a sublethal dose of 10 mM leads to a subsequent increase in the generation of superoxide anion in response to the chemoattractant peptide FMLP (twofold increase in O2- generation 30 min after treatment by H2O2 as compared with nontreated control cells). Superoxides 121-137 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 181-185 8273565-5 1993 Unexpectedly, treatment of PMNs by H2O2 at a sublethal dose of 10 mM leads to a subsequent increase in the generation of superoxide anion in response to the chemoattractant peptide FMLP (twofold increase in O2- generation 30 min after treatment by H2O2 as compared with nontreated control cells). Superoxides 37-39 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 181-185 8285854-6 1993 The production of superoxide radical in a solution of BHT-quinone was confirmed by cytochrome c reduction assay. Superoxides 18-36 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 83-95 8381598-1 1993 After the intravenous injection of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (6.0 x 10(5) U) into rats, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated superoxide anion (O2-) secretion was enhanced in suspensions of alveolar macrophages (AM phi) compared with saline-treated controls. Superoxides 163-179 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 53-86 8381598-1 1993 After the intravenous injection of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha (6.0 x 10(5) U) into rats, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated superoxide anion (O2-) secretion was enhanced in suspensions of alveolar macrophages (AM phi) compared with saline-treated controls. Superoxides 181-183 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 53-86 8381598-4 1993 Although no TNF-alpha was detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, small quantities of TNF-alpha and/or other mediators secreted by polymorphonuclear leukocytes present in the lung capillaries, veins, and arteries may have leaked into the alveolar compartment and primed AM phi for enhanced PMA-stimulated O2- release. Superoxides 311-313 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 92-101 8019909-3 1993 We try to measure directly the free radical produced by murine recombinant TNF on L929 cells, by detecting the direct light produced by decomposition of superoxide using an adapted chemiluminometer. Superoxides 153-163 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 75-78 7506191-5 1993 This agent reduced the function of the myeloperoxidase pathway (which generates hypochlorous acid), by exerting a cell-directed inhibitory activity, as shown by measurement of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide production. Superoxides 176-192 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 39-54 7678087-7 1993 The [Ca2+]i-dependent superoxide anion (O2-) generation in response to FMLP was also significantly diminished in neutrophils from SCN patients compared to normal neutrophils. Superoxides 22-38 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 71-75 7678087-7 1993 The [Ca2+]i-dependent superoxide anion (O2-) generation in response to FMLP was also significantly diminished in neutrophils from SCN patients compared to normal neutrophils. Superoxides 40-42 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 71-75 8225036-2 1993 reported that N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced superoxide release from polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) lasted more than 60 min when the cells were allowed to attach to a petri dish before induction. Superoxides 68-78 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 54-58 8386687-12 1993 However, after cessation of the fMLP-induced activation, addition of PMA or silver ions gives rise to renewed production of superoxide anions. Superoxides 124-141 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 32-36 8167697-0 1993 Is the IFN-gamma-induced enhancement of superoxide production in CGD-phagocytes caused by increased expression of the p47-phox cytosolic protein. Superoxides 40-50 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 7-16 8167697-1 1993 Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) had been shown to increase superoxide production of cultured monocytes from patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Superoxides 56-66 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 0-16 8167697-1 1993 Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) had been shown to increase superoxide production of cultured monocytes from patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Superoxides 56-66 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 18-27 8167697-2 1993 To elucidate the mechanism of the IFN-gamma-induced improvement of superoxide production of cultured monocytes from patients with CGD we examined the influence of IFN-gamma on the expression and the activity of the NADPH-oxidase in the monocytic cell-line Mono Mac 6. Superoxides 67-77 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 34-43 8167697-3 1993 After cultivation of Mono Mac 6-cells in the presence of 500 U/ml IFN-gamma the superoxide production was found to be increased as well as the expression of the p47-phox cytosolic protein of the phagocytic NADPH-oxidase. Superoxides 80-90 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 66-75 8382188-2 1993 Adenosine (0.1-10 microM) pretreatment of PMN concentration-dependently inhibited the superoxide anion generation (O2-) in response to formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP). Superoxides 86-102 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 174-178 8382188-3 1993 The priming by PAF (1 microM) for an increased O2- generation by FMLP-stimulated PMN was completely blocked by adenosine pretreatment. Superoxides 47-49 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 65-69 8381317-0 1993 Inhibitory effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide on superoxide anion formation by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-activated inflammatory cells in vitro. Superoxides 55-71 vasoactive intestinal peptide Homo sapiens 22-51 8225036-10 1993 When spin trapping was conducted on PMNs in suspension, the EPR signal of superoxide adduct (DMPO-OOH) was undetectable after stimulation with fMLP. Superoxides 74-84 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 143-147 8380422-11 1993 In contrast, several of the responses to fMLP (the Ca++ transient, depolarization, generation of O2-, recycling of lipid metabolites) involve signalling machinery not constitutively resident on the neutrophil surface. Superoxides 97-99 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 41-45 8381317-1 1993 Effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on superoxide anion (O2-) formation by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-activated inflammatory cells from healthy volunteers were investigated using 2-methyl-6-[p-methoxyphenyl]-3,7-dihydroimidazo [1,2-a]pyrazin-3-one (MCLA) as a chemiluminescence probe. Superoxides 50-66 vasoactive intestinal peptide Homo sapiens 42-45 8381317-1 1993 Effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on superoxide anion (O2-) formation by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-activated inflammatory cells from healthy volunteers were investigated using 2-methyl-6-[p-methoxyphenyl]-3,7-dihydroimidazo [1,2-a]pyrazin-3-one (MCLA) as a chemiluminescence probe. Superoxides 50-66 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 127-131 8381317-1 1993 Effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on superoxide anion (O2-) formation by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-activated inflammatory cells from healthy volunteers were investigated using 2-methyl-6-[p-methoxyphenyl]-3,7-dihydroimidazo [1,2-a]pyrazin-3-one (MCLA) as a chemiluminescence probe. Superoxides 68-70 vasoactive intestinal peptide Homo sapiens 42-45 8381317-1 1993 Effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) on superoxide anion (O2-) formation by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-activated inflammatory cells from healthy volunteers were investigated using 2-methyl-6-[p-methoxyphenyl]-3,7-dihydroimidazo [1,2-a]pyrazin-3-one (MCLA) as a chemiluminescence probe. Superoxides 68-70 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 127-131 8381317-2 1993 VIP inhibited the maximal light intensity of MCLA-dependent luminescence in a dose-dependent manner by the activated peripheral blood neutrophils, mononuclear cells and also by the human monoblast cell line U937, the capacity of which for O2- formation was induced by pretreatment with interferon-gamma. Superoxides 239-241 vasoactive intestinal peptide Homo sapiens 0-3 8388978-3 1993 When human neutrophils were incubated with Okadaic acid prior to the stimulation with fMet-Leu-Phe (fMLP), an enhancement of superoxide anion release was seen. Superoxides 125-141 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 100-104 8417002-10 1993 The prolonged increase in mRNA and the decrease in the protein of CuZnSOD in the CA1 neurons seem to imply an important role of the endogenous antioxidant enzyme that protects against the detrimental effects of superoxide radicals on delayed neuronal death. Superoxides 211-221 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 66-73 8231632-7 1993 From these results we can conclude that glucagon could enhance superoxide generation from FMLP-stimulated PMNs by elevating IP3. Superoxides 63-73 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 90-94 18475524-3 1993 Neither inhibitor affected the upregulation of CD11b beta(2)-integrin expression or priming of superoxide generation stimulated by IL-8 and GM-CSF. Superoxides 95-105 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 131-135 8260749-1 1993 Altered levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), the enzyme that scavenges toxic superoxide anion produced during normal metabolism or after oxidative insult, have been implicated in multistage carcinogenesis of both rodents and humans. Superoxides 78-94 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 18-38 8389007-0 1993 Heat-aggregated IgA prepared from patients with IgA nephropathy increases calcium mobilization and superoxide production of human neutrophils in vitro. Superoxides 99-109 CD79a molecule Homo sapiens 16-19 8389007-0 1993 Heat-aggregated IgA prepared from patients with IgA nephropathy increases calcium mobilization and superoxide production of human neutrophils in vitro. Superoxides 99-109 CD79a molecule Homo sapiens 48-51 8389007-9 1993 Aggregated IgA or IgG prepared by heat aggregation from IgA nephritic patients induced a significantly greater superoxide production from neutrophils than immunoglobulins from healthy controls. Superoxides 111-121 CD79a molecule Homo sapiens 11-14 8389007-10 1993 Similarly, heat-aggregated IgA and IgG induced superoxide production in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 47-57 CD79a molecule Homo sapiens 27-30 8437891-6 1993 Increased Cu,Zn-SOD and unchanged Mn-SOD levels might reflect increased generation of superoxide anions in the cytoplasm rather than in the mitochondria. Superoxides 86-103 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 10-19 7686297-9 1993 The enhancement by TNF-alpha of formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP)-induced O2-. Superoxides 84-86 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 19-28 8260749-1 1993 Altered levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), the enzyme that scavenges toxic superoxide anion produced during normal metabolism or after oxidative insult, have been implicated in multistage carcinogenesis of both rodents and humans. Superoxides 78-94 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 40-43 8396470-7 1993 In the in vitro study, the superoxide production in normal rat blood PMNs was significantly higher in the presence of cytokines (IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha) without dose-dependence but was not higher for the lentinan group than in the control. Superoxides 27-37 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 129-138 8396470-7 1993 In the in vitro study, the superoxide production in normal rat blood PMNs was significantly higher in the presence of cytokines (IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha) without dose-dependence but was not higher for the lentinan group than in the control. Superoxides 27-37 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 140-144 8396470-7 1993 In the in vitro study, the superoxide production in normal rat blood PMNs was significantly higher in the presence of cytokines (IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha) without dose-dependence but was not higher for the lentinan group than in the control. Superoxides 27-37 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 146-155 1464587-1 1992 rac1 and rac2 p21s are ras p21-like small GTP-binding proteins which are implicated in the NADPH oxidase-catalyzed superoxide generation in phagocytes. Superoxides 115-125 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 9-13 1281979-2 1992 In human neutrophils, the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP) induces increases in the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) with subsequent activation of beta-glucuronidase release and superoxide (O2-) production. Superoxides 233-243 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 93-97 1281979-2 1992 In human neutrophils, the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP) induces increases in the intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) with subsequent activation of beta-glucuronidase release and superoxide (O2-) production. Superoxides 245-248 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 93-97 1281979-16 1992 fMLP-induced beta-glucuronidase release and O2- production were substantially reduced by replacement of extracellular CaCl2 or NaCl by ethylenebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)tetra-acetic acid and choline chloride respectively. Superoxides 44-46 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 1280257-0 1992 Generation of superoxide by purified brain nitric oxide synthase. Superoxides 14-24 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 43-64 1490032-5 1992 Other functions of monocytes that are activated by growth hormone include release of superoxide anion and production of cytokines. Superoxides 85-101 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 51-65 1337978-2 1992 The present study was designed to compare the efficacy of administration of the hydroxyl radical scavenger mannitol vs. that of the superoxide radical scavenger superoxide dismutase (SOD) in reducing myocardial reperfusion injury, and to test whether combined treatment with both agents would confer better tissue protection compared with either intervention alone. Superoxides 132-142 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 183-186 1334681-6 1992 It is possible that the arachidonic acid released during phospholipase A2 activation of neutrophils may be involved in cellular cross-talk and, at higher concentrations, in directly activating Ca2+ and superoxide production. Superoxides 202-212 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 57-73 1333512-4 1992 The data show that cord blood neutrophils produce increased amounts of O2- and H2O2 largely because of a prolonged reaction time to fMLP. Superoxides 71-73 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 132-136 1356929-3 1992 In vitro, pentoxifylline (PTOX) inhibits superoxide anion production when PMN are stimulated with an activated complement component (C5a Des Arg) or formyl peptides but only at concentrations not achieved in the circulation. Superoxides 41-57 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 133-136 1281879-0 1992 Modulation of neutrophil superoxide generation by inhibitors of protein kinase C, calmodulin, diacylglycerol and myosin light chain kinases, and peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase. Superoxides 25-35 calmodulin 1 Homo sapiens 82-92 1477980-2 1992 The major protector against superoxide anion in the extracellular space is extracellular-superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD). Superoxides 28-44 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 75-109 1477980-2 1992 The major protector against superoxide anion in the extracellular space is extracellular-superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD). Superoxides 28-44 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 111-117 1384435-6 1992 Similar inhibition by the TK inhibitors and stimulation by the PKC inhibitors were also observed with formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP)-induced superoxide (O2.-) generation by TNF-alpha- or G-CSF-primed PMN. Superoxides 154-164 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 186-195 1384435-6 1992 Similar inhibition by the TK inhibitors and stimulation by the PKC inhibitors were also observed with formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP)-induced superoxide (O2.-) generation by TNF-alpha- or G-CSF-primed PMN. Superoxides 166-168 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 186-195 1334475-0 1992 Augmentative effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (human, natural type) on polymorphonuclear leukocyte-derived superoxide generation induced by various stimulants. Superoxides 113-123 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 24-51 1334475-1 1992 We investigated the effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (human, natural type: n-TNF) on polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)-derived superoxide generation by the new method of Cypridina luciferin analog-dependent chemiluminescence, which had high sensitivity and specificity to superoxide. Superoxides 133-143 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 31-58 1334475-1 1992 We investigated the effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (human, natural type: n-TNF) on polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN)-derived superoxide generation by the new method of Cypridina luciferin analog-dependent chemiluminescence, which had high sensitivity and specificity to superoxide. Superoxides 133-143 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 83-86 1334475-2 1992 Preincubation of PMNs with n-TNF for 3 min increased PMN-derived superoxide generation induced by phorbol myristate acetate, A23187, opsonized zymosan and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine in a concentration dependent manner (0.5-50 Japan reference units/ml of n-TNF). Superoxides 65-75 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 29-32 1334475-2 1992 Preincubation of PMNs with n-TNF for 3 min increased PMN-derived superoxide generation induced by phorbol myristate acetate, A23187, opsonized zymosan and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine in a concentration dependent manner (0.5-50 Japan reference units/ml of n-TNF). Superoxides 65-75 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 269-272 1356929-5 1992 Superoxide anion production, monitored by lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence, was inhibited by 40.5% +/- 8.0% (n = 8, P < 0.009) for C5a Des Arg and 47.7% +/- 9.6% (n = 8, P < 0.009) for formyl-methionylleucylphenylalanine stimulation 1.5 h after ingestion of 400 mg of PTOX in a slow-release tablet, with some inhibitory effects persisting at 5 h. There was a strong correlation between reduced PMN response to activated complement and plasma concentrations of three PTOX metabolites (P < 0.05), but not with plasma concentrations of the parent drug. Superoxides 0-16 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 138-141 1331280-3 1992 Mepacrine inhibited fMLP-induced superoxide production and degranulation in a dose-dependent manner with Kd values of 2.3 +/- 0.5 x 10(-7) M and 5.7 +/- 1.3 x 10(-6) M, respectively. Superoxides 33-43 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 20-24 1404592-2 1992 An involvement of oxygen radicals was more directly evident from the induction of NF-kappa B by low concentrations of H2O2 and the demonstration that cells stimulated with various NF-kappa B inducers release H2O2 and superoxide. Superoxides 217-227 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 180-190 1445297-6 1992 Therefore, cell death by TNF/CHX treatment occurs via a pathway in which lipoxygenase products directly or indirectly operate via the generation of superoxide anions. Superoxides 148-165 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 25-28 1327540-3 1992 TNF also primed macrophages to produce superoxide anion (O2-) following treatment with phorbol esther PMA (0.1 micrograms/ml). Superoxides 39-55 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-3 1327540-3 1992 TNF also primed macrophages to produce superoxide anion (O2-) following treatment with phorbol esther PMA (0.1 micrograms/ml). Superoxides 57-60 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-3 1328203-0 1992 Inhibition of superoxide production in B lymphocytes by rac antisense oligonucleotides. Superoxides 14-24 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 56-59 1328203-2 1992 According to recent studies performed in cell-free systems, Rac1 and Rac2 proteins may be involved in the activation of NADPH-oxidase, the superoxide-generating enzymatic complex active in phagocytes. Superoxides 139-149 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 69-73 1328203-3 1992 Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformed B lymphocytes, which express rac1 and rac2 genes, also efficiently release superoxide anions when triggered by various cell surface stimuli. Superoxides 112-129 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 75-79 1328203-5 1992 We report here that (i) the rac protein content estimated by immunoblotting can be decreased by 60% in Rac antisense pretreated cells and (ii) a strong (50-60%), dose-dependent inhibition of superoxide production is observed in antisense pretreated cells whereas cells pretreated with sense oligonucleotide are unaffected. Superoxides 191-201 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 28-31 1328203-6 1992 The data presented show, for the first time in whole cells, that superoxide production is modulated by the Rac protein content, thus demonstrating the physiological role of Rac proteins in the regulation of NADPH-oxidase. Superoxides 65-75 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 107-110 1328203-6 1992 The data presented show, for the first time in whole cells, that superoxide production is modulated by the Rac protein content, thus demonstrating the physiological role of Rac proteins in the regulation of NADPH-oxidase. Superoxides 65-75 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 173-176 1382715-7 1992 PMN surviving in response to LPS or IL-1 beta retained the capacity to produce superoxide anion when treated with phorbol esters or fMLP. Superoxides 79-95 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 36-45 1382715-7 1992 PMN surviving in response to LPS or IL-1 beta retained the capacity to produce superoxide anion when treated with phorbol esters or fMLP. Superoxides 79-95 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 132-136 1334475-3 1992 In addition, the enhanced PMN-derived superoxide generation by n-TNF showed a positive correlation to the preincubation time of PMNs with n-TNF (3-15 min). Superoxides 38-48 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 65-68 1334475-3 1992 In addition, the enhanced PMN-derived superoxide generation by n-TNF showed a positive correlation to the preincubation time of PMNs with n-TNF (3-15 min). Superoxides 38-48 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 140-143 1334475-5 1992 The augmentative effects of n-TNF on PMN-derived superoxide generation should be useful in the PMN-mediated host defense mechanism, such as bactericidal and antitumor activity. Superoxides 49-59 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 30-33 1411300-5 1992 rGM-CSF and rTNF-alpha treatment significantly enhanced the spontaneous as well as C3zy-stimulated O2- production by neutrophils from controls and CDC class III subjects, and induced an upward trend in the CDC class IV group. Superoxides 99-101 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 12-22 1327012-0 1992 Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 alpha synergistically enhance phorbol myristate acetate-induced superoxide production by rat bone marrow-derived macrophages. Superoxides 110-120 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 0-27 1327012-0 1992 Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 alpha synergistically enhance phorbol myristate acetate-induced superoxide production by rat bone marrow-derived macrophages. Superoxides 110-120 interleukin 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 32-51 1327012-6 1992 The biologic response to TNF-alpha and IL-1 alpha was assessed by measurement of superoxide production quantitated by the reduction of cytochrome c in response to phorbol myristate acetate. Superoxides 81-91 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 25-34 1327012-6 1992 The biologic response to TNF-alpha and IL-1 alpha was assessed by measurement of superoxide production quantitated by the reduction of cytochrome c in response to phorbol myristate acetate. Superoxides 81-91 interleukin 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 39-49 1327012-9 1992 However, after treatment with endotoxin or TNF-alpha for 24 h, macrophages were primed for enhanced production of superoxide. Superoxides 114-124 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 43-52 1327012-11 1992 IL-1 alpha did not prime macrophages, but treatment with IL-1 alpha followed by TNF-alpha or LPS resulted in enhanced superoxide production. Superoxides 118-128 interleukin 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 57-67 1327012-11 1992 IL-1 alpha did not prime macrophages, but treatment with IL-1 alpha followed by TNF-alpha or LPS resulted in enhanced superoxide production. Superoxides 118-128 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 80-89 1281785-1 1992 The superoxide (O2-)-releasing capacity in response to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and the priming effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) on FMLP-induced O2-release were investigated in neutrophils from 13 patients with aplastic anemia (AA). Superoxides 4-14 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 96-100 1281785-1 1992 The superoxide (O2-)-releasing capacity in response to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and the priming effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) on FMLP-induced O2-release were investigated in neutrophils from 13 patients with aplastic anemia (AA). Superoxides 16-18 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 96-100 1330925-9 1992 Following stimulation by three different stimulants (PMA, OZ, FMLP), leukocytes continuously generated O2-. Superoxides 103-106 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 62-66 1326583-6 1992 Propranolol, an inhibitor of diacylglycerol formation from phosphatidic acid, caused a prolonged transmembrane influx of Ca2+ and partially reversed the inhibitory effect of ethanol on FMLP-induced O2- production. Superoxides 198-200 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 185-189 1328441-7 1992 H-9 also antagonized the inhibition of superoxide production induced by other agents that regulate intracellular cAMP (prostaglandin E1, histamine, adenosine, forskolin, and dibutyryl cAMP). Superoxides 39-49 G protein-coupled receptor 50 Homo sapiens 0-3 1328445-3 1992 To more precisely describe the oxidative burst of monocytes and neutrophils to Agg-CRP, superoxide anion release was measured by cytochrome c reduction. Superoxides 88-104 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 129-141 1365032-7 1992 GM-CSF also induced granulocytes to release superoxide anion (O2-) in a dose-dependent manner, when the respiratory burst was assessed by a conventional cytochrome c reduction assay. Superoxides 62-65 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 153-165 1328694-4 1992 Superoxide anion production was measured by the reduction of cytochrome c in a spectrophotometric assay. Superoxides 0-16 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 61-73 1334711-6 1992 Additions of IFN-gamma, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), which prime monocyte activation and induce O2- production, were also affected by the reciprocal effect of vIL-10. Superoxides 174-176 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 13-22 1329733-4 1992 The contribution of cytochromes CYP 1A, CYP 2B and CYP 2E1 to superoxide-generating activity was investigated using monoclonal antibodies. Superoxides 62-72 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 51-58 1329733-5 1992 Monoclonal antibody 1-91-3 against CYP 2E1 inhibited superoxide generation by 58% in liver microsomes from pyrazole-treated rats. Superoxides 53-63 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 35-42 1390878-10 1992 Furthermore, in certain instances, the inhibitory effects of SOD may be attributable to effects such as Cu2+ binding rather than dismutation of superoxide. Superoxides 144-154 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 61-64 1360687-4 1992 Release of superoxide anion from monocytes was measured by superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of cytochrome c in vitro. Superoxides 11-27 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 105-117 1337434-4 1992 The following functional tests were employed: ability to ingest latex particles and opsonized bacteria (St. aureus) and ability to generate superoxide anion in response to PMA and FMLP. Superoxides 140-156 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 180-184 1337434-10 1992 Our results also show that incubation of leukocytes with prostasomes effectively inhibits superoxide anion generation in response to activation by PMA and FMLP. Superoxides 90-106 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 155-159 1327300-0 1992 Naloxone is an inappropriate antagonist of met-enkephalin-modulated superoxide anion release. Superoxides 68-84 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 43-57 1325992-3 1992 Nitric oxide significantly inhibited the generation of superoxide anion by neutrophils exposed to either FMLP (10(-7)M) or PMA (150 ng/ml) (IC50 = 30 microM). Superoxides 55-71 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 105-109 1327300-1 1992 Met-enkephalin (MENK) increased superoxide anion release by human polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) at a physiological (10(-10) M) concentration and decreased release at a relatively high (10(-8) M) concentration. Superoxides 32-48 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 0-14 1327300-1 1992 Met-enkephalin (MENK) increased superoxide anion release by human polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) at a physiological (10(-10) M) concentration and decreased release at a relatively high (10(-8) M) concentration. Superoxides 32-48 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 16-20 1327300-4 1992 NAL and MENK also had a combined influence on O2- release. Superoxides 46-48 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 8-12 1327300-7 1992 The fact that NAL and MENK mutually interfere with one another in their effect upon O2- release by human PMNs discredits NAL as an appropriate antagonist in this system. Superoxides 84-86 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 22-26 1324464-4 1992 Using a cytochrome c reduction assay, superoxide could be detected in the supernatant 30 min after exposure to RSV. Superoxides 38-48 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 8-20 1328756-6 1992 Preincubation of normal PMN in four-hour dwell PDE reproduced the responses of uremic PMN with absent acidification, enhanced alkalinization and enhanced superoxide generation after FMLP stimulation (P less than 0.05 compared to controls). Superoxides 154-164 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 182-186 1332088-1 1992 Using the cytochrome c reduction method, we investigated light-dependent erythrocytic superoxide production. Superoxides 86-96 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 10-22 1324680-4 1992 SIN-10 was more effective than SIN-1 in inhibiting superoxide anion (O2-) formation induced by N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMet-Leu-Phe) and by C5a. Superoxides 51-67 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 1324680-4 1992 SIN-10 was more effective than SIN-1 in inhibiting superoxide anion (O2-) formation induced by N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMet-Leu-Phe) and by C5a. Superoxides 69-71 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 1324124-4 1992 Superoxide formation was evidenced by SOD-inhibitable cytochrome c reduction in the reaction of NTP with egg phosphatidylcholine at molar ratio 1:1, and 1:3. Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 38-41 1324124-4 1992 Superoxide formation was evidenced by SOD-inhibitable cytochrome c reduction in the reaction of NTP with egg phosphatidylcholine at molar ratio 1:1, and 1:3. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 54-66 1328038-4 1992 We found that IL-4 could inhibit the priming of macrophages for enhanced superoxide production induced by IFN-gamma although IL-4 when used alone did have some enhancing effect of its own. Superoxides 73-83 interferon gamma Mus musculus 106-115 1328038-5 1992 This effect of IL-4 on IFN-gamma-primed superoxide production was dose dependent and could be observed even if the treatment by IL-4 was done 24 hr after treatment by IFN-gamma. Superoxides 40-50 interferon gamma Mus musculus 23-32 1328038-5 1992 This effect of IL-4 on IFN-gamma-primed superoxide production was dose dependent and could be observed even if the treatment by IL-4 was done 24 hr after treatment by IFN-gamma. Superoxides 40-50 interferon gamma Mus musculus 167-176 1324288-0 1992 Differential effects of interleukin-4 on superoxide anion production by human alveolar macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma. Superoxides 41-57 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 24-37 1324288-0 1992 Differential effects of interleukin-4 on superoxide anion production by human alveolar macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma. Superoxides 41-57 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 138-154 1324288-3 1992 IL-4 alone had little effect on O2- production by unstimulated AMs but down-regulated O2- production by LPS-stimulated AMs in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 86-88 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 0-4 1324288-4 1992 IL-4 also suppressed O2- production by AMs induced by the synergistic actions of muramyl dipeptide (norMDP) and IFN-gamma. Superoxides 21-23 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 0-4 1324288-4 1992 IL-4 also suppressed O2- production by AMs induced by the synergistic actions of muramyl dipeptide (norMDP) and IFN-gamma. Superoxides 21-23 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 112-121 1324288-5 1992 Maximum suppression by IL-4 of O2- production by AMs was observed when IL-4 was added within 1 h after initiation of LPS stimulation. Superoxides 31-33 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 23-27 1324288-5 1992 Maximum suppression by IL-4 of O2- production by AMs was observed when IL-4 was added within 1 h after initiation of LPS stimulation. Superoxides 31-33 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 71-75 1324288-6 1992 AMs also showed high O2- production when stimulated with IFN-gamma alone. Superoxides 21-23 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 57-66 1324288-7 1992 In contrast to its suppression of O2- production by LPS-stimulated AMs, IL-4 enhanced O2- production by AMs stimulated with IFN-gamma. Superoxides 86-88 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 72-76 1324288-7 1992 In contrast to its suppression of O2- production by LPS-stimulated AMs, IL-4 enhanced O2- production by AMs stimulated with IFN-gamma. Superoxides 86-88 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 124-133 1324288-8 1992 These data suggest that IL-4 is an important regulator of O2- production by macrophages through different pathways depending on the stimulus. Superoxides 58-60 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 24-28 1324464-6 1992 The virus-induced superoxide generation varied in magnitude among different subjects and ranged from 0.6 to 11.5 nmol cytochrome c reduction/5 x 10(5) cells. Superoxides 18-28 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 118-130 1324464-7 1992 RSV also appeared to prime eosinophils to the effects of other known cell activators, as demonstrated by an increase in superoxide production upon subsequent stimulation of RSV-primed cells with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (21.4 +/- 5.8 versus 9.4 +/- 2.7 nmol cytochrome c reduction/5 x 10(5) cells for primed and unprimed cells, respectively) (p less than 0.04). Superoxides 120-130 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 265-277 1322662-8 1992 Several other coumarins with one or more hydroxyl substituents were also capable of effectively removing superoxide anions (IC50 3.7-72 microM), although some could not be quantified due to direct rapid reduction of cytochrome c. Superoxides 105-122 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 216-228 1353610-1 1992 The enzyme Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) protects against oxidative damage by dismuting the superoxide radical O2-. Superoxides 96-114 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 18-38 1328424-10 1992 SOD is the enzyme that catalyzes the dismutation reaction of superoxide anion radicals: 2O2- + 2H(+)----H2O2 + O2. Superoxides 61-86 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 1353610-1 1992 The enzyme Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) protects against oxidative damage by dismuting the superoxide radical O2-. Superoxides 96-114 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 40-43 1320941-1 1992 Primaquine, a prooxidant antimalarial drug, incubated with human red blood cells (RBC) induced marked superoxide generation in the cells as detected by exogenous cytochrome c reduction. Superoxides 102-112 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 162-174 1322051-0 1992 Superoxide responses of endothelial cells to C5a and TNF-alpha: divergent signal transduction pathways. Superoxides 0-10 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 45-48 1322051-0 1992 Superoxide responses of endothelial cells to C5a and TNF-alpha: divergent signal transduction pathways. Superoxides 0-10 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 53-62 1322051-2 1992 In the current studies rat pulmonary artery endothelial cells (RPAEC) responded to human recombinant C5a and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) with the generation of superoxide (O2-). Superoxides 172-182 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 101-136 1322051-2 1992 In the current studies rat pulmonary artery endothelial cells (RPAEC) responded to human recombinant C5a and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) with the generation of superoxide (O2-). Superoxides 172-182 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 138-147 1322051-2 1992 In the current studies rat pulmonary artery endothelial cells (RPAEC) responded to human recombinant C5a and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) with the generation of superoxide (O2-). Superoxides 184-186 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 101-136 1322051-2 1992 In the current studies rat pulmonary artery endothelial cells (RPAEC) responded to human recombinant C5a and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) with the generation of superoxide (O2-). Superoxides 184-186 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 138-147 1322051-4 1992 RPAEC responded to C5a and TNF-alpha in a dose-dependent manner, with increases in intracellular Ca2+ (Cai2+), formation of D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3], and generation of O2-. Superoxides 193-196 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 19-22 1322051-4 1992 RPAEC responded to C5a and TNF-alpha in a dose-dependent manner, with increases in intracellular Ca2+ (Cai2+), formation of D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3], and generation of O2-. Superoxides 193-196 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 27-36 1322051-6 1992 Pertussis toxin pretreatment abolished the ability of C5a to cause increases in Ins(1,4,5)P3 and Cai2+ and formation of O2- but did not inhibit the changes in Cai2+ and formation of O2- after addition of TNF-alpha. Superoxides 120-122 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 54-57 1333457-5 1992 Generation of superoxide (O2-) by stimulated PMNs, as assayed by superoxide dismutase inhibitable reduction of Ferricytochrome c, was markedly inhibited by Am. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 65-85 1320642-0 1992 C5a reduces formyl peptide-induced actin polymerization and phosphatidylinositol(3,4,5)trisphosphate formation, but not phosphatidylinositol (4,5) bisphosphate hydrolysis and superoxide production, in human neutrophils. Superoxides 175-185 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 1320039-0 1992 Protein kinase C has both stimulatory and suppressive effects on macrophage superoxide production. Superoxides 76-86 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-16 1320039-5 1992 However, when PKC was depleted from unprimed BMM by prolonged (24 h) treatment with phorbol dibutyrate (PdBt) (10(-7) M) the ability of zymosan to induce the production of superoxide was greatly diminished. Superoxides 172-182 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 14-17 1320039-8 1992 It is thus possible that it is the initial activation of PKC, rather than its depletion, that suppresses superoxide production. Superoxides 105-115 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 57-60 1320039-10 1992 The activation of PKC therefore appears to have a suppressive effect on the generation of superoxide by unprimed cells. Superoxides 90-100 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 18-21 1320039-11 1992 We thus conclude that PKC is not required for zymosan-induced superoxide production by either primed or unprimed macrophages and suggest that PKC may be involved in regulatory mechanisms restricting superoxide production by macrophages. Superoxides 199-209 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 142-145 1320039-12 1992 However, since PMA alone can initiate the release of superoxide from primed BMM and RPM, it would appear that PKC can mediate both stimulatory and suppressive signals for macrophage superoxide production. Superoxides 53-63 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 110-113 1320039-12 1992 However, since PMA alone can initiate the release of superoxide from primed BMM and RPM, it would appear that PKC can mediate both stimulatory and suppressive signals for macrophage superoxide production. Superoxides 182-192 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 110-113 1333457-5 1992 Generation of superoxide (O2-) by stimulated PMNs, as assayed by superoxide dismutase inhibitable reduction of Ferricytochrome c, was markedly inhibited by Am. Superoxides 26-28 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 65-85 1320672-3 1992 Because recombinant human interferon gamma therapy enhances superoxide production in patients with chronic granulomatous disease, we sought to determine whether a similar strategy could reverse the osteopetrotic condition. Superoxides 60-70 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 26-42 1318335-4 1992 In an alternative approach we have now used a modified cytochrome c reduction assay to characterize C1q-mediated production of superoxide anion (O2-) in more detail. Superoxides 127-143 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 55-67 1329616-1 1992 The Pseudomonas aeruginosa-derived phenazine pigments pyocyanin and 1-hydroxyphenazine (1-hp) prime human neutrophils for enhanced, stimulus-activated release of superoxide and myeloperoxidase (MPO), respectively. Superoxides 162-172 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 194-197 1319880-1 1992 This study shows that N-acetyl-galactosamine and N-acetyl-glucosamine can diminish the production of superoxide anion from cytochalasin-B treated PMNs stimulated with FMLP. Superoxides 101-117 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 167-171 1323530-1 1992 Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rTNF) stimulated increased generation of superoxide anion (O2-) by human neutrophils in a concentration-dependent fashion. Superoxides 88-104 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 18-45 1323530-1 1992 Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rTNF) stimulated increased generation of superoxide anion (O2-) by human neutrophils in a concentration-dependent fashion. Superoxides 88-104 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 47-51 1323530-1 1992 Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rTNF) stimulated increased generation of superoxide anion (O2-) by human neutrophils in a concentration-dependent fashion. Superoxides 106-108 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 18-45 1323530-1 1992 Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rTNF) stimulated increased generation of superoxide anion (O2-) by human neutrophils in a concentration-dependent fashion. Superoxides 106-108 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 47-51 1323530-2 1992 Preincubation of human neutrophils with rTNF (2.2-2200 units/ml) for 10 min enhanced the subsequent generation of O2- in response to C5a and f-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP). Superoxides 114-116 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 40-44 1323530-2 1992 Preincubation of human neutrophils with rTNF (2.2-2200 units/ml) for 10 min enhanced the subsequent generation of O2- in response to C5a and f-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP). Superoxides 114-116 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 133-136 1323530-2 1992 Preincubation of human neutrophils with rTNF (2.2-2200 units/ml) for 10 min enhanced the subsequent generation of O2- in response to C5a and f-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP). Superoxides 114-116 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 156-160 1319446-4 1992 Expression of respiratory burst in terms of the rate of superoxide production by the least and most electronegative cells to fixed concentrations of N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP, 10(-7) M) or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA, 1 microgram/ml) revealed that the least electronegative cells generated superoxide anion (O2-) at approximately twice the rate of the most electronegative cells. Superoxides 56-66 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 190-194 1427988-3 1992 Our results indicate that, despite the ability of IFN-gamma to increase both the generation of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide by phagocytic cells and the expression of the high-affinity 72-kDa Fc gamma RI, it is completely unable to increase NSC mediated either by neutrophils or monocytes. Superoxides 95-111 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 50-59 1440096-10 1992 These findings suggest that increased SOD activity in the urban areas could result from a better protective mechanism with regard to higher concentrations of superoxide radicals which other would achieve toxic effects. Superoxides 158-177 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 38-41 1637925-3 1992 H2O2 used at 30 mM decreases superoxide anion generation by neutrophils stimulated with PMA or FMLP. Superoxides 29-45 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 95-99 1637925-6 1992 Augmentation of superoxide anion generation by H2O2-primed neutrophils in response to FMLP amounts to 200% of the control value. Superoxides 16-32 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 86-90 1568222-1 1992 In HL-60 and ML-3 human myeloid cell lines, gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) and/or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induce synergistic accumulation of transcripts of the genes encoding the heavy chain (gp91-phox) of cytochrome b558 and the cytosolic factors p47-phox and p67-phox, components of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase system. Superoxides 291-301 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 62-71 1316893-11 1992 These results indicate that the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase system is regulated by both smg GDS and rho GDI through rac2 p21 or the rac2-related small G protein in phagocytes. Superoxides 32-42 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 124-128 1316893-11 1992 These results indicate that the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase system is regulated by both smg GDS and rho GDI through rac2 p21 or the rac2-related small G protein in phagocytes. Superoxides 32-42 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 140-144 1321093-0 1992 C-reactive protein (CRP) peptides inactivate enolase in human neutrophils leading to depletion of intracellular ATP and inhibition of superoxide generation. Superoxides 134-144 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 0-18 1321093-0 1992 C-reactive protein (CRP) peptides inactivate enolase in human neutrophils leading to depletion of intracellular ATP and inhibition of superoxide generation. Superoxides 134-144 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 20-23 1314851-4 1992 ANP is a potent signal for priming the PMN respiration burst to secrete superoxide anion. Superoxides 72-88 natriuretic peptide A Homo sapiens 0-3 1320173-3 1992 Superoxide anion production was measured by the reduction of cytochrome c in a spectrophotometric assay. Superoxides 0-16 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 61-73 1402089-4 1992 In in vitro observation, TNF activated neutrophil and enhanced super oxide production and elastase was released from neutrophil. Superoxides 63-74 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 25-28 1374234-6 1992 Because oxygen free radicals have been implicated as a major cause of reperfusion damage and the function of MnSOD is to detoxify superoxide anions in the mitochondria, a possible protective mechanism for TNF-alpha may be to induce expression of MnSOD in the heart and thus confer resistance to oxygen free radicals generated during reperfusion. Superoxides 130-147 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 205-214 1568222-1 1992 In HL-60 and ML-3 human myeloid cell lines, gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) and/or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induce synergistic accumulation of transcripts of the genes encoding the heavy chain (gp91-phox) of cytochrome b558 and the cytosolic factors p47-phox and p67-phox, components of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase system. Superoxides 291-301 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 80-101 1568222-1 1992 In HL-60 and ML-3 human myeloid cell lines, gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) and/or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induce synergistic accumulation of transcripts of the genes encoding the heavy chain (gp91-phox) of cytochrome b558 and the cytosolic factors p47-phox and p67-phox, components of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase system. Superoxides 291-301 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 103-106 1551878-7 1992 The cytokines influencing the EC-SOD expression are also known to influence superoxide production by leukocytes and other cell types, and the EC-SOD response pattern is roughly compatible with the notion that its function is to protect cells against extracellular superoxide radicals. Superoxides 76-86 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 30-36 1551878-7 1992 The cytokines influencing the EC-SOD expression are also known to influence superoxide production by leukocytes and other cell types, and the EC-SOD response pattern is roughly compatible with the notion that its function is to protect cells against extracellular superoxide radicals. Superoxides 264-274 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 30-36 1551878-7 1992 The cytokines influencing the EC-SOD expression are also known to influence superoxide production by leukocytes and other cell types, and the EC-SOD response pattern is roughly compatible with the notion that its function is to protect cells against extracellular superoxide radicals. Superoxides 264-274 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 142-148 1554224-3 1992 Upon PMA stimulation, they displayed a better preserved ability to produce superoxide anion and to respond to IFN-gamma priming by increased superoxide anion production. Superoxides 141-157 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 110-119 1314821-7 1992 The addition of purified myeloperoxidase to an enzymatic superoxide generating system resulted in the detection of hydroxyl radical that was dependent upon the presence of chloride and was inhibited by superoxide dismutase, catalase, and azide. Superoxides 57-67 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 25-40 1314821-7 1992 The addition of purified myeloperoxidase to an enzymatic superoxide generating system resulted in the detection of hydroxyl radical that was dependent upon the presence of chloride and was inhibited by superoxide dismutase, catalase, and azide. Superoxides 57-67 catalase Homo sapiens 224-232 1314822-10 1992 We propose that the lag phase occurs because benzosemiquinone reduces ferric-MPO to ferro-MPO, which rapidly binds O2 to form compound III. Superoxides 115-117 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 77-80 1314822-10 1992 We propose that the lag phase occurs because benzosemiquinone reduces ferric-MPO to ferro-MPO, which rapidly binds O2 to form compound III. Superoxides 115-117 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 90-93 1312808-9 1992 In contrast, exogenous SOD did not alter iron release, suggesting that intracellular superoxide anion (O2-) may play an important role in mediating the reduction and release of transferrin-derived iron. Superoxides 85-101 transferrin Homo sapiens 177-188 1312808-9 1992 In contrast, exogenous SOD did not alter iron release, suggesting that intracellular superoxide anion (O2-) may play an important role in mediating the reduction and release of transferrin-derived iron. Superoxides 103-105 transferrin Homo sapiens 177-188 1312809-2 1992 When HPPMN were exposed to recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha (rHuTNF-alpha) or recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rG-CSF), they underwent priming and the rate of superoxide anion (O.-2) generation was increased by subsequent exposure to formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) or opsonized zymosan (OZ). Superoxides 196-212 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 45-72 1581040-8 1992 Cells pretreated with desferrioxamine (Des) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) or Des, SOD and catalase (CAT) to induce partial (H2O2 formation only) or almost full protection (no ROS formation) showed about the same reactions as when cells were exposed to alloxan and cysteine without scavengers (O2-, H2O2 and OH. Superoxides 127-129 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 83-86 1581040-8 1992 Cells pretreated with desferrioxamine (Des) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) or Des, SOD and catalase (CAT) to induce partial (H2O2 formation only) or almost full protection (no ROS formation) showed about the same reactions as when cells were exposed to alloxan and cysteine without scavengers (O2-, H2O2 and OH. Superoxides 127-129 catalase Homo sapiens 91-99 1581040-8 1992 Cells pretreated with desferrioxamine (Des) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) or Des, SOD and catalase (CAT) to induce partial (H2O2 formation only) or almost full protection (no ROS formation) showed about the same reactions as when cells were exposed to alloxan and cysteine without scavengers (O2-, H2O2 and OH. Superoxides 127-129 catalase Homo sapiens 101-104 1317357-4 1992 PMNs obtained from asthmatics either not on theophylline (minus theophylline) or taking theophylline (plus theophylline) generated significantly more superoxide in response to 2 x 10(-8) M FMLP (2.08 +/- 0.36 nmol/5 x 10(5) PMNs (minus theophylline) (P less than 0.01 compared to controls) vs. 2.16 +/- 0.44 (plus theophylline) (P less than 0.01) as compared to controls (1.05 +/- 0.17 nmol). Superoxides 150-160 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 189-193 1317357-5 1992 In the presence of FMLP (2 x 10(-8) M), PMNs from the minus theophylline cohort had less 2-CADO (10(-6) M)-mediated suppression of superoxide generation as compared to controls (38.3 +/- 3.8% vs. 67.1 +/- 3.8%; (P less than 0.001). Superoxides 131-141 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 19-23 1376712-9 1992 Moreover, tranilast (30 and 300 microM) suppressed superoxide production induced by FMLP in human neutrophils, but did not act as a superoxide scavenger. Superoxides 51-61 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 84-88 1312485-0 1992 Inhibition of neutrophil superoxide production by human plasma alpha 1-antitrypsin. Superoxides 25-35 serpin family A member 1 Homo sapiens 63-82 1584206-1 1992 The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx; EC 1.11.1.9), the enzymes that metabolize the superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, were measured in serum from healthy subjects and patients with Parkinson"s disease (PD). Superoxides 139-155 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 18-38 1584206-1 1992 The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx; EC 1.11.1.9), the enzymes that metabolize the superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, were measured in serum from healthy subjects and patients with Parkinson"s disease (PD). Superoxides 139-155 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 40-43 1372506-0 1992 Tyrosine phosphorylation and its possible role in superoxide production by human neutrophils stimulated with FMLP and IgG. Superoxides 50-60 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 109-113 1372506-1 1992 Superoxide production by human neutrophils stimulated with FMLP and soluble aggregated human IgG were inhibited in a dose dependent manner by two kinds of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, erbstatin and genistein. Superoxides 0-10 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 59-63 1372506-5 1992 These data suggest that superoxide production induced by FMLP and soluble aggregated IgG are, at least in part, tyrosine kinase dependent, but the tyrosine kinases and/or substrates of tyrosine kinases involved may be different. Superoxides 24-34 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 57-61 1312371-5 1992 Enhancement of O2- release by GM-CSF was observed over the complete range of effective concentrations of FMLP (10(-8) to 10(-6) mol/L). Superoxides 15-17 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 105-109 1529797-1 1992 Interleukin-8 (IL-8), is a potent activator of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) functions including chemotaxis, superoxide anion production, and enzyme release and it is also chemotactic for lymphocytes. Superoxides 113-129 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 0-13 1529797-1 1992 Interleukin-8 (IL-8), is a potent activator of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) functions including chemotaxis, superoxide anion production, and enzyme release and it is also chemotactic for lymphocytes. Superoxides 113-129 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 15-19 1311166-5 1992 Another was due to destruction of the spin adduct by superoxide anion (.O2-), because superoxide dismutase (SOD) markedly prevented the decay. Superoxides 53-69 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 86-106 1311166-5 1992 Another was due to destruction of the spin adduct by superoxide anion (.O2-), because superoxide dismutase (SOD) markedly prevented the decay. Superoxides 53-69 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 108-111 1312159-1 1992 The present investigation was undertaken to examine the influence of super oxide anion generator hydroquinone and the superoxide anion scavenger superoxide dismutase (SOD) on the neurally mediated relaxation of the internal and sphincter (IAS). Superoxides 118-134 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 145-165 1312159-1 1992 The present investigation was undertaken to examine the influence of super oxide anion generator hydroquinone and the superoxide anion scavenger superoxide dismutase (SOD) on the neurally mediated relaxation of the internal and sphincter (IAS). Superoxides 118-134 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 167-170 1627273-5 1992 The SOD mimetic activity of PS-K was demonstrated by quantitative analysis of hydrogen peroxide as the end product of O2-., its formation being assisted catalytically by SOD or PS-K. Superoxides 118-120 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 4-7 1627273-5 1992 The SOD mimetic activity of PS-K was demonstrated by quantitative analysis of hydrogen peroxide as the end product of O2-., its formation being assisted catalytically by SOD or PS-K. Superoxides 118-120 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 170-173 1310612-4 1992 The oxygen- and superoxide-dependent effects on methanol dehydrogenase were not observed when either Wurster"s Blue or cytochrome c-55li was used as an electron acceptor. Superoxides 16-26 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 119-131 1311579-6 1992 PTU was less reactive towards superoxide generated by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, having a small but significant inhibitory effect on superoxide-induced reduction of cytochrome c only at a concentration of 200 microM. Superoxides 144-154 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 176-188 1311550-7 1992 Pretreatment with IL-1 or LPS significantly increased superoxide anion production, C albicans phagocytosis, and survival compared with pretreatment with phosphate-buffered solution. Superoxides 54-70 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 26-29 1314550-4 1992 In addition, neutrophils incubated with thyroid hormone became activated and generated greater amount of superoxide anion in response to f-met-leu-phe (fMLP) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Superoxides 105-121 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 152-156 1531037-1 1992 We recently showed that mRNA levels coding the high-affinity Fc gamma receptor for IgG (Fc gamma R-I, CD64) and two of the components of the phagocytic superoxide anion-generating system--the heavy-chain subunit of cytochrome b558 (gp91-phox) and the 47-Kd cytosolic factor (p47-phox)--are modulated by interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). Superoxides 152-168 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 303-330 1314160-7 1992 There was a significant correlation between aldose reductase activity and superoxide suppression (P less than 0.01, r = 0.64). Superoxides 74-84 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 44-60 1314160-8 1992 These results suggest that aldose reductase is responsible for reduced superoxide production in diabetic patients and the addition of an aldose reductase inhibitor to the diabetic neutrophil restores superoxide output to control values. Superoxides 71-81 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 27-43 1314160-8 1992 These results suggest that aldose reductase is responsible for reduced superoxide production in diabetic patients and the addition of an aldose reductase inhibitor to the diabetic neutrophil restores superoxide output to control values. Superoxides 200-210 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 27-43 1314160-8 1992 These results suggest that aldose reductase is responsible for reduced superoxide production in diabetic patients and the addition of an aldose reductase inhibitor to the diabetic neutrophil restores superoxide output to control values. Superoxides 200-210 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 137-153 1740238-2 1992 Therefore, the ability of cells to tolerate superoxide toxicity was assessed as a function of endogenous CuZnSOD activity in several mouse and human cell lines with progressively higher levels of CuZnSOD activity. Superoxides 44-54 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 105-112 1740238-8 1992 Taken together, these results demonstrate a consistently protective effect of endogenous CuZnSOD against superoxide toxicity in both primary and transformed cell lines. Superoxides 105-115 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 89-96 1310696-0 1992 Growth hormone augments superoxide anion secretion of human neutrophils by binding to the prolactin receptor. Superoxides 24-40 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-14 1310696-1 1992 Recombinant human growth hormone (HuGH) and human prolactin (HuPRL), but not GH of bovine or porcine origin, prime human neutrophils for enhanced superoxide anion (O2-) secretion. Superoxides 146-162 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 18-32 1310696-1 1992 Recombinant human growth hormone (HuGH) and human prolactin (HuPRL), but not GH of bovine or porcine origin, prime human neutrophils for enhanced superoxide anion (O2-) secretion. Superoxides 146-162 prolactin Homo sapiens 50-59 1310696-1 1992 Recombinant human growth hormone (HuGH) and human prolactin (HuPRL), but not GH of bovine or porcine origin, prime human neutrophils for enhanced superoxide anion (O2-) secretion. Superoxides 164-166 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 18-32 1310696-1 1992 Recombinant human growth hormone (HuGH) and human prolactin (HuPRL), but not GH of bovine or porcine origin, prime human neutrophils for enhanced superoxide anion (O2-) secretion. Superoxides 164-166 prolactin Homo sapiens 50-59 1309848-7 1992 Pretreatment with IL-4 for 48, 24, or 0 h, respectively, inhibited the generation of superoxide induced by TNF alpha by 90%, 60%, and 40%. Superoxides 85-95 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 18-22 1309848-7 1992 Pretreatment with IL-4 for 48, 24, or 0 h, respectively, inhibited the generation of superoxide induced by TNF alpha by 90%, 60%, and 40%. Superoxides 85-95 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 107-116 1311860-5 1992 The slight lag in the photo-oxidation of cytochrome c is due to pheophorbide a-induced superoxide production. Superoxides 87-97 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 41-53 1311860-6 1992 However, the relative amount of photo-oxidant produced is considerably more effective than the cytochrome c reducing capacity of the superoxide. Superoxides 133-143 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 95-107 1310014-2 1992 Spermine suppressed N-formyl-methionyl leucyl phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced superoxide generation in permeabilized cells by reducing the rate and shortening the duration time. Superoxides 75-85 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 1310595-3 1992 We have used 3-morpholinosydnonimine N-ethylcarbamide (SIN-1), a sydnonimine capable of generating both NO and superoxide simultaneously, to test this hypothesis. Superoxides 111-121 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 55-60 1310595-4 1992 SIN-1 (1 mM) generated superoxide and NO at rates of 7.02 microM/min and 3.68 microM/min respectively in phosphate-buffered saline, pH 7.2, at 37 degrees C. Incubation of SIN-1 with both deoxyribose and sodium benzoate resulted in the formation of malondialdehyde (MDA). Superoxides 23-33 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 1310595-10 1992 We conclude that the simultaneous production of NO and superoxide from SIN-1 results in the formation of hydroxyl radicals. Superoxides 55-65 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 71-76 1309623-8 1992 OFR-derived and SOD inhibitable chemiluminescence, superoxide anion, and blood MDA increased significantly during CPB and postoperatively. Superoxides 51-67 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 16-19 1336654-6 1992 FMLP-stimulated superoxide anion generation is specifically inhibited by Fc fragments with half maximal inhibition by 1.2 nmol/10(6) PMN. Superoxides 16-32 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 1316186-3 1992 Superoxide radical was generated from the reaction of H2O2 with Co(II), but was inhibited when Co(II) was chelated with adenosine 5"-diphosphate or citrate. Superoxides 0-18 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 64-70 1316186-3 1992 Superoxide radical was generated from the reaction of H2O2 with Co(II), but was inhibited when Co(II) was chelated with adenosine 5"-diphosphate or citrate. Superoxides 0-18 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 95-101 1316186-9 1992 In the presence of ethylenediamine, Co(II) bound molecular O2 and directly oxidized DMPO to its DMPO/.OH adduct without first forming free superoxide, hydroxyl radical, or hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 139-149 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 36-42 1309493-7 1992 Superoxide anion production and candicidal activity were measured in the presence of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta. Superoxides 0-16 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 99-108 1309493-9 1992 Diminished TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta binding reduced superoxide anion production by group 2 polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Superoxides 51-67 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 11-20 1309493-9 1992 Diminished TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta binding reduced superoxide anion production by group 2 polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Superoxides 51-67 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 25-34 1337322-3 1992 In vitro molsidomine dose-dependently reduced beta-glucuronidase release and the generation of superoxide anions from non-activated and from FMLP- or PAF-stimulated human PMNs. Superoxides 95-112 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 141-145 1317327-4 1992 Exposure of bovine serum albumin (BSA) (0.5 mg/mL) to pMC540 (0.2 mg/mL-1 mg/mL) results in loss of tryptophan fluorescence and 345 nm emission, suggesting a probable role of either hydroxyl (.OH) or .OH + superoxide (O2-). Superoxides 206-216 albumin Homo sapiens 19-32 1332917-7 1992 These results suggest a possible role for superoxide anion in the establishment of IFN-mediated antiviral effect, especially in the dose-response region in which the inverse relationship between the generation of the IFN-alpha-mediated antiviral state and CuZnSOD activity was observed. Superoxides 42-58 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 256-263 1332919-4 1992 In the present study we have modelled the simultaneous generation of superoxide and nitric oxide by using the sydnonimine, SIN-1 and have investigated its effects on LDL. Superoxides 69-79 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 123-128 1310262-5 1992 Priming in vitro by interferon (IFN)-gamma for enhanced release of O2- was also significantly impaired in protein-deprived mice. Superoxides 67-69 interferon gamma Mus musculus 20-42 1287121-6 1992 Ligation of IgA receptors on phagocytic cells by multivalent IgA complexes induces a variety of responses, including superoxide generation, release of inflammatory mediators, phagocytosis, and killing of various pathogenic microorganisms. Superoxides 117-127 CD79a molecule Homo sapiens 12-15 1287121-6 1992 Ligation of IgA receptors on phagocytic cells by multivalent IgA complexes induces a variety of responses, including superoxide generation, release of inflammatory mediators, phagocytosis, and killing of various pathogenic microorganisms. Superoxides 117-127 CD79a molecule Homo sapiens 61-64 1551966-1 1992 We performed an immunohistochemical analysis using a polyclonal antibody to determine the localization of CuZn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), a scavenger of superoxide anion radicals, in the human male genital organs. Superoxides 154-179 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 106-131 1551966-1 1992 We performed an immunohistochemical analysis using a polyclonal antibody to determine the localization of CuZn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), a scavenger of superoxide anion radicals, in the human male genital organs. Superoxides 154-179 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 133-136 1551966-9 1992 The CuZn-SOD could also play a role in local defence mechanisms against tissue damage mediated through superoxide anion radicals, as well as in providing SOD to the seminal plasma. Superoxides 103-128 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 9-12 1332919-5 1992 SIN-1 liberates both superoxide and nitric oxide during autooxidation resulting in the formation of hydroxyl radicals. Superoxides 21-31 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 1332919-6 1992 We have demonstrated that superoxide generated by SIN-1 is not available to take part in a dismutation reaction since it reacts preferentially with nitric oxide. Superoxides 26-36 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 50-55 1332919-9 1992 The SIN-1-dependent peroxidation of LDL is completely inhibited by superoxide dismutase which scavenges superoxide. Superoxides 67-77 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 4-9 1337538-1 1992 Electrochemical sensors based on immobilised cytochrome c or superoxide dismutase for the measurement of superoxide radical production by stimulated neutrophils are described. Superoxides 105-123 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 45-57 1337538-3 1992 The reoxidation of cytochrome c at the electrode surface upon reduction by superoxide was monitored using both xanthine/xanthine oxidase and stimulated neutrophils as sources of the free radical. Superoxides 75-85 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 19-31 1330136-0 1992 Effects of a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, AA861, on lipoxygenase metabolism and superoxide anion generation by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes--potentiation of superoxide anion generation by LTB4. Superoxides 160-176 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Homo sapiens 13-27 1330136-1 1992 We studied the influence of a selective 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, AA861, on the generation of the superoxide anion (O2-) and the lipoxygenase metabolites by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Superoxides 98-114 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Homo sapiens 40-54 1330136-1 1992 We studied the influence of a selective 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor, AA861, on the generation of the superoxide anion (O2-) and the lipoxygenase metabolites by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Superoxides 116-119 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Homo sapiens 40-54 1330136-2 1992 PMN produce O2- in a dose-dependent manner following stimulation with arachidonic acid (AA), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), or C5a. Superoxides 12-14 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 119-122 1375201-0 1992 Effect of adenylate cyclase activators on C5a-induced human neutrophil aggregation, enzyme release and superoxide production. Superoxides 103-113 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 42-45 1375201-2 1992 C5a-stimulated superoxide production was markedly inhibited by adenylate cyclase activators, and the order of potency was PGE1 greater than isoproterenol greater than epinephrine greater than PGF2 alpha, which correlated with intracellular cAMP levels. Superoxides 15-25 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 1375201-4 1992 These results suggest that in the human neutrophil: (1) C5a-induced superoxide production is more sensitive to regulation by cAMP than neutrophil aggregation or enzyme release, and (2) the type of receptor occupied as well as the threshold level of cAMP are important in the regulation of neutrophil aggregation and enzyme release stimulated by C5a. Superoxides 68-78 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 56-59 1339119-2 1992 Interferon gamma treatment did stimulate superoxide generation and bone resorption in patients with osteopetrosis as evidenced by a reduction in bone volume and an increase in biochemical markers of bone resorption. Superoxides 41-51 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 0-16 1537592-2 1992 Human neutrophils preincubated for 10 min with 10(-8) M rhMIL-8 and then stimulated with micromolar fMLP show enhanced release of superoxide anions, platelet-activating factor (PAF) and arachidonic acid compared with cells which are not initially exposed to rhMIL-8. Superoxides 130-147 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 100-104 1284152-2 1992 In vitro, gallopamil caused a dose-dependent reduction in phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated superoxide anion production by neutrophils as measured by the superoxide dismutase inhibited reduction of cytochrome C [concentration of 50% inhibition (IC50) = 9.5 x 10(-6) mol/L]. Superoxides 95-111 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 201-213 1311010-0 1992 C-reactive protein inhibits intracellular calcium mobilization and superoxide production by guinea pig alveolar macrophages. Superoxides 67-77 C-reactive protein Cavia porcellus 0-18 1311010-3 1992 CRP by itself did not activate alveolar macrophages up to a concentration of 100 micrograms/ml, whereas it inhibited superoxide production in a time- and dose-dependent manner with median inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of 4.2 +/- 0.3, 3.0 +/- 0.2, and 3.2 +/- 0.3 micrograms/ml for PAF (10(-7) M), fMLP (10(-7) M), and PMA (10(-9) M), respectively. Superoxides 117-127 C-reactive protein Cavia porcellus 0-3 1311010-4 1992 When CRP was incubated with the agonists before addition to cells, it inhibited PMA-, PAF-, and to a lesser extent fMLP-induced superoxide production. Superoxides 128-138 C-reactive protein Cavia porcellus 5-8 1311010-6 1992 These findings suggest that CRP may play a role in attenuating tissue damage secondary to activation of alveolar macrophages by inhibiting superoxide generation and mobilization of intracellular free calcium. Superoxides 139-149 C-reactive protein Cavia porcellus 28-31 1340506-3 1992 The oral administration of nimesulide lowered the phagocyte ability to generate O2- in response to both FMLP (percent inhibition = 67.62) and OPZ (percent inhibition = 36.75). Superoxides 80-82 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 104-108 1309871-2 1992 SC-41930 inhibited human neutrophil (PMN) superoxide generation maximally stimulated by f-Met-Leu-Phe (IC50 4 microM) and C5a (IC50 approximately 12 microM). Superoxides 42-52 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 122-125 1309871-3 1992 Moreover, postreceptor stimulation of superoxide production by NaF (a G protein activator), but not by phorbol myristate acetate, was significantly inhibited by SC-41930, indicating that SC-41930 may act via attenuation of a G protein-mediated signal transduction. Superoxides 38-48 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 63-66 1319534-6 1992 However, both 3-OHB and AcAc dose-dependently inhibited superoxide anion (O2-) production, measured by using cytochrome c. Superoxides 56-72 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 109-121 1319534-6 1992 However, both 3-OHB and AcAc dose-dependently inhibited superoxide anion (O2-) production, measured by using cytochrome c. Superoxides 74-76 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 109-121 18475484-1 1992 Substance P (SP(1-11)) was exposed to a continuous flux of superoxide (O2-) or hydroxyl radicals ((. Superoxides 59-69 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 0-11 18475484-1 1992 Substance P (SP(1-11)) was exposed to a continuous flux of superoxide (O2-) or hydroxyl radicals ((. Superoxides 71-73 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 0-11 1485915-1 1992 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) scavenges toxic superoxide radicals produced in the mitochondria. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 32-37 1324505-1 1992 Preincubation of human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (HPPMN) with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rHuTNF-alpha) enhanced the formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine (FMLP)-induced superoxide (O2-.) Superoxides 207-217 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 100-127 1324505-1 1992 Preincubation of human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (HPPMN) with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rHuTNF-alpha) enhanced the formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine (FMLP)-induced superoxide (O2-.) Superoxides 219-221 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 100-127 1660883-8 1991 This conclusion is supported by the results of experiments using cytochrome c reduction to follow the formation of superoxide production in the course of the aerobic reaction of xanthine oxidase with substoichiometric hydroxymethylpurine, which demonstrate unequivocally that the species exhibiting the very rapid EPR signal is formed by one-electron oxidation of a MoIV species rather than direct one-electron reduction of MoVI by substrate. Superoxides 115-125 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 65-77 1665882-2 1991 Today there are four major arguments for such a role in IBD: Infiltration of the inflamed intestinal mucosa with myeloperoxidase containing activated neutrophils able to produce superoxide, hydroxyl and hypochlorite, increased chemoluminescence response of peripheral and mucosal phagocytic cells to various stimuli, decreased inflammation following specific scavenger treatment in animal models of colitis and defined radical scavenger and inhibitory properties of drugs, especially aminosalicylates used in the therapy of IBD. Superoxides 178-188 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 113-128 1662913-0 1991 Tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulates superoxide anion generation by perfused rat liver and Kupffer cells. Superoxides 39-55 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 0-27 1665488-5 1991 These results suggest that SOD-Fc conjugates, which have long half-lives, effectively perform dismutation of superoxide radicals and may be useful for preventing tissue injury caused by hazardous oxygen metabolites. Superoxides 109-119 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 1667793-0 1991 Apolipoprotein A-I decreases neutrophil degranulation and superoxide production. Superoxides 58-68 apolipoprotein A1 Homo sapiens 0-18 1667793-4 1991 Apolipoprotein A-I but not HDL inhibited IgG-induced neutrophil activation by about 60% as measured by degranulation and superoxide production. Superoxides 121-131 apolipoprotein A1 Homo sapiens 0-18 1668107-3 1991 PAF alone (0.1 pM to 0.1 nM) failed to evoke superoxide production; however, when PAF was added for 10 min to cells upon prior incubation with 10 ng/mL TNF for 50 min, superoxide production was significantly enhanced as compared to that induced by TNF alone. Superoxides 168-178 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 248-251 1668107-0 1991 Effect of platelet-activating factor on tumor necrosis factor-induced superoxide generation from human neutrophils. Superoxides 70-80 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 40-61 1668107-2 1991 The effect of platelet-activating factor (PAF) and of two specific PAF antagonists on tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induced superoxide production by human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) was examined. Superoxides 122-132 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 86-107 1668107-2 1991 The effect of platelet-activating factor (PAF) and of two specific PAF antagonists on tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induced superoxide production by human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) was examined. Superoxides 122-132 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 109-112 1668107-5 1991 The antagonists also decreased by 25% the superoxide production elicited solely by TNF, implicating the involvement of endogenous PAF in this process. Superoxides 42-52 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 83-86 1668107-6 1991 Pretreatment of the PMN with either pertussis or cholera toxin attenuated the PAF amplified superoxide production in TNF stimulated cells, suggesting that G proteins sensitive to these toxins may be involved in the mechanisms controlling amplification. Superoxides 92-102 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 117-120 1663589-3 1991 Functions of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) such as N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-stimulated superoxide release and fMLP/thimerosal elicited leukotriene (LT) biosynthesis are inhibited by these PDE inhibitors with the same rank order and even lower IC50-values. Superoxides 113-123 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 96-100 1824251-3 1991 Cell differentiation was estimated by measuring the expression of myeloid-specific cell-surface antigens (Mo-1 and fMet-Leu-Phe [fMLP] receptors), the ability of the cells to produce superoxide anions on stimulation with fMLP, the calcium ionophore A23187 and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and by monitoring the level of expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha). Superoxides 183-200 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 221-225 1659906-1 1991 Recent evidence suggests that the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) by phospholipase D (PLD) may mediate superoxide anion (O2-) production in human neutrophils. Superoxides 110-126 glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1 Homo sapiens 76-91 1659906-1 1991 Recent evidence suggests that the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) by phospholipase D (PLD) may mediate superoxide anion (O2-) production in human neutrophils. Superoxides 110-126 glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1 Homo sapiens 93-96 1659906-1 1991 Recent evidence suggests that the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) by phospholipase D (PLD) may mediate superoxide anion (O2-) production in human neutrophils. Superoxides 128-130 glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1 Homo sapiens 76-91 1659906-1 1991 Recent evidence suggests that the hydrolysis of phosphatidylcholine (PC) by phospholipase D (PLD) may mediate superoxide anion (O2-) production in human neutrophils. Superoxides 128-130 glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1 Homo sapiens 93-96 1659906-2 1991 To define the role of the PC-specific PLD products phosphatidic acid (PA) and diacylglycerol (DAG) in O2- production in response to agonists which activate the PLD pathway, we blocked the metabolism of PA to DAG with propranolol, an inhibitor of PA phosphohydrolase. Superoxides 102-104 glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1 Homo sapiens 38-41 1659906-3 1991 Propranolol (150 microM) enhanced the production of O2- in response to the receptor agonists n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP, 292 +/- 94% of controls), platelet-activating factor (PAF, 932 +/- 215%) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4, 1305 +/- 475%). Superoxides 52-54 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 134-138 1659906-7 1991 These data are consistent with the hypothesis that PA produced through the hydrolysis of PC by PLD is an important mediator of O2- production in response to receptor-dependent agonists. Superoxides 127-129 glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1 Homo sapiens 95-98 1311015-9 1992 To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that human neutrophil-derived cytoplasts contain alpha, beta I, and beta II forms of PKC and that each isoform translocates from cytosol to membrane upon exposure to phorbol ester at concentrations that induce superoxide production. Superoxides 260-270 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 135-138 1934607-6 1991 In vitro studies have shown that neutrophils and monocytes derived from patients with autosomal recessive cytochrome b-positive CGD respond to interferon-gamma with an enhanced respiratory burst (superoxide production) and increased bactericidal activity. Superoxides 196-206 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 143-159 1657782-3 1991 In vitro-stimulated production of MPO and O2- from middle ear neutrophils was significantly less than that from peripheral blood neutrophils 24 h after nonviable pneumococci were inoculated but similar to it after 48 h. Twenty-four hours after viable pneumococci were inoculated, middle ear neutrophils stimulated in vitro produced less MPO but the same amount of O2- as did blood neutrophils. Superoxides 364-366 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 34-37 1663497-2 1991 Diazepam also inhibited the superoxide production induced by FMLP, NaF, and A23187, but not that induced by PMA whose stimulant action was insensitive even to 10(-4) M diazepam. Superoxides 28-38 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 1663497-2 1991 Diazepam also inhibited the superoxide production induced by FMLP, NaF, and A23187, but not that induced by PMA whose stimulant action was insensitive even to 10(-4) M diazepam. Superoxides 28-38 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 67-70 1663497-3 1991 The FMLP-induced superoxide production was most sensitive to diazepam inhibition (ID50 = 2.25 x 10(-6) M diazepam); the effect of NaF was slightly less sensitive (ID50 = 1.34 x 10(-5) M diazepam); and the effect of A23187 was least sensitive as it was suppressed only at 10(-4) M diazepam concentrations. Superoxides 17-27 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 4-8 1663497-4 1991 Like diazepam, Ro5-4864 inhibited the FMLP-induced superoxide production, and PK-11195 (10(-5) M) significantly antagonized both diazepam and Ro5-4864 inhibition. Superoxides 51-61 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 38-42 1769697-6 1991 The macrophages released more superoxide (O2-), TNF and interleukin-1 (IL-1) on LPS triggering, and the releases of these compounds were further increased by addition of recombinant interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) to the medium. Superoxides 30-40 interferon gamma Mus musculus 182-198 1769697-6 1991 The macrophages released more superoxide (O2-), TNF and interleukin-1 (IL-1) on LPS triggering, and the releases of these compounds were further increased by addition of recombinant interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) to the medium. Superoxides 42-44 interferon gamma Mus musculus 182-198 1770125-9 1991 Taking into consideration the fact that SOD catalyses the dismutation reaction of superoxide anion radicals, the present results suggest that theca interna cells play an important role in the protection of the developing oocyte from oxygen radicals by acting as a blood-follicular barrier during follicle maturation. Superoxides 82-107 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 40-43 1659593-6 1991 However, the generation of O2- was 3.4 times greater with EOSs (9.8 +/- 1.5 nmole of cytochrome c reduced per 5 x 10(5) cells) than neutrophils (2.9 +/- 0.4 nmole of cytochrome c reduced per 5 x 10(5) cells; p less than 0.0001). Superoxides 27-29 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 85-97 1659593-6 1991 However, the generation of O2- was 3.4 times greater with EOSs (9.8 +/- 1.5 nmole of cytochrome c reduced per 5 x 10(5) cells) than neutrophils (2.9 +/- 0.4 nmole of cytochrome c reduced per 5 x 10(5) cells; p less than 0.0001). Superoxides 27-29 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 166-178 1662316-5 1991 The superoxide (O2-) generation of monocytes, measured by cytochrome c reduction and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) from patients receiving hemodialysis treatment was significantly diminished compared to healthy controls. Superoxides 4-14 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 58-70 1662316-5 1991 The superoxide (O2-) generation of monocytes, measured by cytochrome c reduction and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) from patients receiving hemodialysis treatment was significantly diminished compared to healthy controls. Superoxides 16-18 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 58-70 1662316-6 1991 After the replacement therapy with 1,25(OH)2D3 the O2- production showed a significant improvement, resulting in an increased cytochrome c reduction and lucigenin-CL response. Superoxides 51-53 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 126-138 1660271-3 1991 We have shown that flosulide (6-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)-5-methylsulfonylamino-1-indanone ), a novel highly potent anti-inflammatory compound, inhibits superoxide production induced by N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP), C5a and PMA without impairing bacterial killing or chemotaxis. Superoxides 149-159 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 182-202 1667720-8 1991 NAD(P)H--cytochrome c reductase enzyme, which catalyzes superoxide anion production, is present in platelets at high specific activity, as well as those enzymes who protect the cells from oxygen reactive species. Superoxides 56-72 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 9-21 1656978-1 1991 The inhibitory effect of adenosine (ADO) and pentoxifylline (POF) was studied alone and in combination on the N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) stimulated superoxide anion production of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL). Superoxides 168-184 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 151-155 1659380-2 1991 Cultivation of differentiated HL-60 cells with 100 units of TNF/ml for 24 h resulted in a 3-fold increase in superoxide release and 4-fold increase in prostaglandin E2 production on stimulation with 1 microM-FMLP. Superoxides 109-119 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 60-63 1660271-3 1991 We have shown that flosulide (6-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)-5-methylsulfonylamino-1-indanone ), a novel highly potent anti-inflammatory compound, inhibits superoxide production induced by N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP), C5a and PMA without impairing bacterial killing or chemotaxis. Superoxides 149-159 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 204-208 1660271-3 1991 We have shown that flosulide (6-(2,4-difluorophenoxy)-5-methylsulfonylamino-1-indanone ), a novel highly potent anti-inflammatory compound, inhibits superoxide production induced by N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP), C5a and PMA without impairing bacterial killing or chemotaxis. Superoxides 149-159 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 211-214 1660271-5 1991 FMLP-induced superoxide generation was also inhibited by two human flosulide metabolites. Superoxides 13-23 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 1930145-11 1991 Since this phenomenon is increased in diabetes, the cell-surface-associated EC-SOD may be decreased in this disease, increasing the susceptibility of cells to superoxide radicals produced in the extracellular space. Superoxides 159-169 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 76-82 1663531-7 1991 However, the ability of IFN to augment superoxide anion release by cells simultaneously exposed to LPS in comparison to superoxide anion generation by cells exposed to LPS only was attenuated. Superoxides 39-55 interferon alpha 1 Homo sapiens 24-27 1662723-5 1991 Piroxicam (10 microM) independently reduced FMLP dependent superoxide anion generation to 63.7 +/- 7.4% (p less than 0.01) of control. Superoxides 59-75 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 1924315-1 1991 Copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1 gene product) (superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) is a copper-containing enzyme that functions to prevent oxygen toxicity. Superoxides 13-23 oxidoreductase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 77-91 1655041-8 1991 As others have shown FMLP stimulation of superoxide anion production has no external Ca2+ dependence but the presence of low levels of Ca2+ and Mg2+ (0.1 mM) during priming appears to be an essential requirement for full expression. Superoxides 41-57 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 21-25 1653805-2 1991 At 10 microM zLYCK, a parallel inhibition was observed of superoxide production stimulated with the chemo-attractant FMLP and of chymotrypsin-like activity of human neutrophils. Superoxides 58-68 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 117-121 1653806-3 1991 CsH inhibited superoxide (O2-) formation induced by the chemotactic peptide, FMLP (30 nM), with a half-maximal effect at 40 nM. Superoxides 14-24 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 77-81 1653806-3 1991 CsH inhibited superoxide (O2-) formation induced by the chemotactic peptide, FMLP (30 nM), with a half-maximal effect at 40 nM. Superoxides 26-28 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 77-81 1653806-5 1991 CsH increased the concentration of FMLP causing half-maximal activation of O2- formation from 30 nM to 0.8 microM and substantially reduced the stimulatory effect of FMLP at supra-maximally effective concentrations. Superoxides 75-77 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 35-39 1930256-5 1991 The endothelial protection may be related to actions of TGF-beta opposing the endothelial-destabilizing actions of both TNF and superoxide radicals. Superoxides 128-138 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 56-64 1653806-13 1991 Cyclosporines partially inhibited O2- formations induced by NaF and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane. Superoxides 34-36 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 60-63 1653806-17 1991 Our data show that: 1) cyclosporines differentially inhibit activation of human neutrophils; and 2) CsH is, indeed, not immunologically inactive but is a potent and effective inhibitor of FMLP-induced O2- formation. Superoxides 201-203 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 188-192 1910814-2 1991 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a cytokine synthesized by macrophages, effects polymorphonuclear leukocyte (neutrophil) chemotaxis, induces superoxide anion generation, and mediates neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells. Superoxides 137-153 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-21 1910814-2 1991 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), a cytokine synthesized by macrophages, effects polymorphonuclear leukocyte (neutrophil) chemotaxis, induces superoxide anion generation, and mediates neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells. Superoxides 137-153 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 23-26 1652310-2 1991 The defect in signal transduction occurred at a point proximal to the generation of IP3 and DAG, since the reduction in FMLP-induced superoxide generation was corrected if the intervening signal transduction steps were bypassed, either by priming with a substimulatory dose (1.62 nmol/L) of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), by ionophore elevation of cytosolic calcium, or by using a stimulatory dose of PMA (1.62 mumol/L). Superoxides 133-143 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 120-124 1793562-3 1991 The effects of the enzymes demonstrate that superoxide is a precursor to the rate-determining intermediate and that both catalase and peroxide enhance a reaction that competes with the rate-limiting process. Superoxides 44-54 catalase Homo sapiens 121-129 1878595-9 1991 Staphylococcus aureus killing was 50% of control whereas superoxide production response to FMLP and surface expression of CD11b were greater than twice normal. Superoxides 57-67 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 91-95 1661287-6 1991 All sera caused an increased rate of superoxide anion production in response to fMLP and thus "primed" the neutrophil NADPH:O2 oxidoreductase. Superoxides 37-53 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 80-84 1652608-8 1991 Neutrophil production of reactive oxygen intermediates was not stimulated by TGF-beta, nor did TGF-beta enhance or depress subsequent PMA- or FMLP-stimulated superoxide production. Superoxides 158-168 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 142-146 1655912-1 1991 Superoxide dismutase (SOD)-inhibitable reduction of cytochrome c is the basis for a widely used assay to measure superoxide production. Superoxides 113-123 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 52-64 1653237-8 1991 Cell exposure to linoleic acid (1 microM) caused a significant decrease in lipid order and an increase in lipid lateral mobility along with increased O2- production to N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) (191%) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) (39%), p less than 0.02 for each. Superoxides 150-152 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 168-188 1653237-8 1991 Cell exposure to linoleic acid (1 microM) caused a significant decrease in lipid order and an increase in lipid lateral mobility along with increased O2- production to N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) (191%) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) (39%), p less than 0.02 for each. Superoxides 150-152 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 190-194 1653237-9 1991 3 mM ethanol also augmented O2- response to fMLP (31%) and PMA (48%) and caused a significant decrease in lipid order, but did not affect lipid lateral mobility. Superoxides 28-30 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 1653237-10 1991 Treatment with cholesteryl hemisuccinate (100 micrograms/ml) resulted in increased lipid order and decreased lipid lateral mobility, as well as decreased neutrophil superoxide response to fMLP (-61%, p less than 0.001) and PMA (-50%, p less than 0.02). Superoxides 165-175 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 188-192 1653237-12 1991 Cells treated with 10 microM 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol had a greater than 8-fold increase in superoxide response to fMLP (p less than 0.001) while demonstrating a significant decrease in lipid order (0.289 to 0.281, p less than 0.01) and a 50% increase in lipid lateral mobility (p less than 0.001). Superoxides 97-107 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 120-124 1868064-1 1991 The free two-electron-reduced form of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase is reoxidized by 120 microM molecular oxygen (50 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.6, 2 degrees C) with a half-time of approximately 7 s. Reoxidation yields hydrogen peroxide as a major product with only traces of the superoxide anion. Superoxides 284-300 acyl-CoA dehydrogenase medium chain Homo sapiens 38-73 1651073-7 1991 Superoxide production was induced by TNF at concentrations at or greater than 10(-11) mol/L. Superoxides 0-10 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 37-40 1650222-9 1991 CRP at concentrations of 50 micrograms/ml inhibited the neutrophil superoxide production induced by phorbol ester. Superoxides 67-77 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 0-3 1650222-10 1991 At concentrations of 100 micrograms/ml or greater, CRP also inhibited superoxide production in a cell-free xanthine oxidase-acetaldehyde system. Superoxides 70-80 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 51-54 1761671-1 1991 The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), a highly specific scavenging enzyme for superoxide anion radicals (O2-), and lipid peroxide produced by oxygen free radicals were measured in human seminal plasma and spermatozoa. Superoxides 82-107 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 14-34 1761671-1 1991 The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), a highly specific scavenging enzyme for superoxide anion radicals (O2-), and lipid peroxide produced by oxygen free radicals were measured in human seminal plasma and spermatozoa. Superoxides 82-107 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 36-39 1761671-1 1991 The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), a highly specific scavenging enzyme for superoxide anion radicals (O2-), and lipid peroxide produced by oxygen free radicals were measured in human seminal plasma and spermatozoa. Superoxides 109-111 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 14-34 1761671-1 1991 The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), a highly specific scavenging enzyme for superoxide anion radicals (O2-), and lipid peroxide produced by oxygen free radicals were measured in human seminal plasma and spermatozoa. Superoxides 109-111 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 36-39 1668725-9 1991 TNF-alpha induces manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) which also uses O2- to produce cytotoxic concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 84-86 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-9 1668725-10 1991 Therefore, it can be concluded that the cytotoxicity of both gamma-IFN and TNF-alpha depends on the availability of L-tryptophan as the substrate for the removal of O2- via indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Superoxides 165-167 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 75-84 1650579-2 1991 L-Thyroxine and L-triiodothyronine elicited dose dependently a potent inhibitory action on the FMLP-induced O2- production with IC50 values of about 10(-6) M and 7.10(-6) M, respectively, but L-diiodothyronine did not. Superoxides 108-110 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 95-99 1650579-6 1991 L-Thyroxine and L-triiodothyronine were found to block [3H]FMLP binding to its own receptor with IC50 values similar to those for the inhibition of the O2- production by changing the affinity for the peptide but not the number of the receptors. Superoxides 152-154 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 59-63 1650579-7 1991 These results suggest that thyroxine and triiodothyronine interfere with the binding of FMLP to the receptors, leading to the inhibition of neutrophil functions, such as O2- production, and that the inhibitory effects result from extranuclear actions rather than nuclear receptor-mediated ones. Superoxides 170-172 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 88-92 1950816-4 1991 The protein kinase C inhibitor, H-7, and the phospholipase A2 inhibitor, BPB, both prevented drug-mediated activation of superoxide generation by PMNL. Superoxides 121-131 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 45-61 1665102-12 1991 SOD, but not CAT prevented LDL peroxidation, indicating an obligatory role for superoxide radicals. Superoxides 79-89 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 1653676-2 1991 The amount of O2- production was significantly increased in diabetic serum 0.41 +/- 0.04 (+/- SD) vs 0.14 +/- 0.04 mumol l-1 min-1, p less than 0.001) and correlated with fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated protein levels in both diabetic (r = 0.72, p less than 0.01, and r = 0.62, p less than 0.05) and normal r = 0.75, p less than 0.01 and r = 0.64, p less than 0.05) subjects. Superoxides 14-16 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 125-130 1653676-3 1991 Improved metabolic control in the diabetic patients was associated with a reduction of serum O2- production (0.28 +/- 0.06 mumol l-1 min-1, p less than 0.01), but the correlation between O2- levels and fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated protein concentrations was retained (r = 0.86 and r = 0.72, respectively, both p less than 0.01). Superoxides 93-95 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 133-138 1656112-7 1991 We conclude that increased superoxide anion production in the post-operative period may affect plasma SOD-like activity. Superoxides 27-43 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 102-105 1646910-5 1991 In a separate study (n = 100 mice), IFN-gamma (1000-10,000 U/day ip) vs saline was given for 3 days prior to harvesting peritoneal macrophages for assay of superoxide anion (O2-), percentage macrophage phagocytosis of C. albicans, and percentage killing of C. albicans. Superoxides 156-172 interferon gamma Mus musculus 36-45 1676856-1 1991 Components involved in superoxide anion production (cytochrome b) and in cell adhesion processes (CD11b, CD11c, CD18), two early functional responses of neutrophils during acute inflammation, are intracellularly located in resting human neutrophils. Superoxides 23-39 integrin subunit beta 2 Homo sapiens 112-116 1646910-5 1991 In a separate study (n = 100 mice), IFN-gamma (1000-10,000 U/day ip) vs saline was given for 3 days prior to harvesting peritoneal macrophages for assay of superoxide anion (O2-), percentage macrophage phagocytosis of C. albicans, and percentage killing of C. albicans. Superoxides 174-176 interferon gamma Mus musculus 36-45 1651389-5 1991 In addition, a significant (P less than .05) enhancement of IDDM PMN superoxide production in response to opsonized zymosan (cytochrome C reduction) was observed. Superoxides 69-79 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 125-137 1653047-2 1991 Cultivation of differentiated HL-60 cells with TNF induced a time- and dose-dependent increase in superoxide production following stimulation with f-Met-Leu-Phe. Superoxides 98-108 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 47-50 1653047-3 1991 An increase in the respiratory burst response could be detected as early as 1 h, and was maximally enhanced at 24 h. TNF enhanced superoxide production by increasing the initial rate of production without altering the time over which HL-60 cells produced superoxide following f-Met-Leu-Phe stimulation. Superoxides 130-140 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 117-120 1653047-3 1991 An increase in the respiratory burst response could be detected as early as 1 h, and was maximally enhanced at 24 h. TNF enhanced superoxide production by increasing the initial rate of production without altering the time over which HL-60 cells produced superoxide following f-Met-Leu-Phe stimulation. Superoxides 255-265 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 117-120 1849951-4 1991 Between iron-poor and iron-saturated lactoferrin there was no difference in influence on PMN function except for a higher FMLP stimulated superoxide production by iron-saturated lactoferrin. Superoxides 138-148 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 122-126 1645327-2 1991 Human monocytes cultured in the presence of human recombinant IFN-gamma exhibited an enhanced capacity to produce superoxide anion. Superoxides 114-130 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 62-71 1646033-2 1991 Xanthine plus xanthine oxidase (X + XO) which is known to generate superoxide anions (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), an activated species of oxygen, was found to decrease Ca(2+)-stimulated ATPase activity, increase Mg(2+)-ATPase activity and reduce sulfhydryl (SH) group contents in myofibrils; these effects were completely prevented by superoxide dismutase (SOD) plus catalase (CAT). Superoxides 67-84 catalase Rattus norvegicus 374-382 1646033-2 1991 Xanthine plus xanthine oxidase (X + XO) which is known to generate superoxide anions (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), an activated species of oxygen, was found to decrease Ca(2+)-stimulated ATPase activity, increase Mg(2+)-ATPase activity and reduce sulfhydryl (SH) group contents in myofibrils; these effects were completely prevented by superoxide dismutase (SOD) plus catalase (CAT). Superoxides 67-84 catalase Rattus norvegicus 384-387 2032208-1 1991 Superoxide dismutases (SOD), which are enzymes scavenging the superoxide radical, were studied in two variant lines of the B16 melanoma: B16F1 with low metastatic potential and B16F10 with high metastatic potential. Superoxides 62-72 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 23-26 1665058-1 1991 The scavenging effects of bifemelane hydrochloride and of its two major metabolites (M-1 and M-2) on the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical, the superoxide anion radical and the hydroxyl radical, were examined using electron spin resonance spectrometry in vitro. Superoxides 149-173 myoregulin Homo sapiens 85-88 1665058-3 1991 Both M-1 and M-2 scavenged dose-dependently the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl radical and the superoxide anion radical. Superoxides 95-119 myoregulin Homo sapiens 5-8 1708332-10 1991 Since catalase reversed the effects of xanthine oxidase, we conclude that superoxide was rapidly dismuted to hydrogen peroxide and mediated the antigonadotropic and antisteroidogenic actions of xanthine oxidase in luteal cells. Superoxides 74-84 catalase Rattus norvegicus 6-14 2038186-1 1991 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) facilitates superoxide production, and spin traps may detoxify superoxide by acting as superoxide dismutase mimics. Superoxides 40-50 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 0-21 2038186-1 1991 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) facilitates superoxide production, and spin traps may detoxify superoxide by acting as superoxide dismutase mimics. Superoxides 40-50 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 23-26 2038186-1 1991 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) facilitates superoxide production, and spin traps may detoxify superoxide by acting as superoxide dismutase mimics. Superoxides 91-101 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 0-21 1848978-2 1991 The order of inducing effect of metal ions on hydralazine-dependent DNA damage [Cu(II) greater than Co(II) greater than Fe(III)] was related to that of accelerating effect on the O2 consumption rate of hydralazine autoxidation. Superoxides 179-181 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 100-106 1849943-2 1991 For superoxide (O2-) responses of human neutrophils stimulated by FMLP, experiments were designed to assess the requirement of extracellular calcium [( Ca2+]o) for priming of O2- responses by platelet-activating factor (PAF), PMA, or ionomycin. Superoxides 4-14 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 66-70 1652137-6 1991 Tenoxicam, added in vitro to whole blood, at concentrations ranging between 10(-5) and 3 x 10(-4) M, significantly inhibited the generation of superoxide anion induced by fMLP, A23187 and STZ. Superoxides 143-159 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 171-175 2026245-4 1991 One monoclonal antibody successfully absorbed the entire activity of SOD detected by an inhibition assay of cypridina luciferin analog (MCLA)-dependent chemiluminescence induced by superoxide anion production, while other absorbed only a part of the SOD activity. Superoxides 181-197 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 69-72 1850304-5 1991 The inhibitor of PK-C, H-7, has no effect on the action of C5a and only a slight effect on phorbol ester-induced up- and down-regulation of Mac-1, at a concentration that inhibits superoxide production in response to both factors by 40%. Superoxides 180-190 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 17-21 1647553-5 1991 Thus, O2- participate in the aggregatory activity of thrombin but not collagen or ADP and PGI2 or iloprost, by reducing the sensitivity of platelets to thrombin, co-operate with SOD to inhibit thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Superoxides 6-8 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 53-61 1647553-5 1991 Thus, O2- participate in the aggregatory activity of thrombin but not collagen or ADP and PGI2 or iloprost, by reducing the sensitivity of platelets to thrombin, co-operate with SOD to inhibit thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Superoxides 6-8 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 152-160 1647553-5 1991 Thus, O2- participate in the aggregatory activity of thrombin but not collagen or ADP and PGI2 or iloprost, by reducing the sensitivity of platelets to thrombin, co-operate with SOD to inhibit thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Superoxides 6-8 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 178-181 1647553-5 1991 Thus, O2- participate in the aggregatory activity of thrombin but not collagen or ADP and PGI2 or iloprost, by reducing the sensitivity of platelets to thrombin, co-operate with SOD to inhibit thrombin-induced platelet aggregation. Superoxides 6-8 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 152-160 1850207-15 1991 Our results suggest that the induction of Mn-SOD by TNF-alpha in pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells is pretranslationally mediated and that increasing Mn-SOD activity with TNF-alpha confers protection against O2 radicals. Superoxides 205-207 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 168-177 1851125-1 1991 Neutrophil superoxide anion production was measured in healthy subjects and in patients with quiescent and active Crohn"s disease using superoxide dismutase inhibitable cytochrome C reduction. Superoxides 11-27 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 169-181 1649133-0 1991 Effects of recombinant human IL-1 beta on production of prostaglandin E2, leukotriene B4, NAG, and superoxide by human synovial cells and chondrocytes. Superoxides 99-109 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 29-38 1649133-4 1991 IL-1 beta significantly suppressed the release of NAG and superoxide by synovial cells, whereas it significantly enhanced the production of NAG and superoxide by chondrocytes. Superoxides 58-68 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 0-9 1649133-4 1991 IL-1 beta significantly suppressed the release of NAG and superoxide by synovial cells, whereas it significantly enhanced the production of NAG and superoxide by chondrocytes. Superoxides 148-158 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 0-9 1649133-6 1991 IL-6, unlike IL-1 beta, significantly suppressed the production of NAG and superoxide by synovial cells and chondrocytes. Superoxides 75-85 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 0-4 1651364-0 1991 Interferon-gamma enhances superoxide production by HL-60 cells stimulated with multiple agonists. Superoxides 26-36 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 0-16 1651364-4 1991 IFN-gamma enhanced HL-60 cell superoxide production in response to F-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP) in a concentration-dependent manner. Superoxides 30-40 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 0-9 1651364-4 1991 IFN-gamma enhanced HL-60 cell superoxide production in response to F-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP) in a concentration-dependent manner. Superoxides 30-40 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 82-86 1651364-5 1991 Following a 4-h exposure, an increase in O2- production was seen with IFN-gamma at 0.1 U/ml, with optimal priming at 100 U/ml. Superoxides 41-43 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 70-79 1651364-7 1991 HL-60 cells cultivated with 100 U/ml IFN-gamma produced increased O2- when exposed to 25 mM NaF (containing AIF4) or 10 nM phorbol myristate acetate, agonists that trigger the respiratory burst independent of receptor stimulation. Superoxides 66-68 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 37-46 1651364-7 1991 HL-60 cells cultivated with 100 U/ml IFN-gamma produced increased O2- when exposed to 25 mM NaF (containing AIF4) or 10 nM phorbol myristate acetate, agonists that trigger the respiratory burst independent of receptor stimulation. Superoxides 66-68 itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase Homo sapiens 108-112 1850243-5 1991 However, propranolol induced a similar dose-dependent inhibition of O2- generation in neutrophils stimulated with either FMLP + cytochalasin B or with 20.0 mM NaF. Superoxides 68-70 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 121-125 1706523-6 1991 Furthermore, fluid-phase GMP140 also inhibited the superoxide generation by neutrophils stimulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha. Superoxides 51-61 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 102-129 1847915-2 1991 Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) primes human neutrophils (PMN) for enhanced superoxide (O2-) production if cells are subsequently stimulated with the chemotactic peptide, n-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP). Superoxides 78-88 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-27 1847915-2 1991 Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) primes human neutrophils (PMN) for enhanced superoxide (O2-) production if cells are subsequently stimulated with the chemotactic peptide, n-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP). Superoxides 78-88 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 29-32 1847915-2 1991 Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) primes human neutrophils (PMN) for enhanced superoxide (O2-) production if cells are subsequently stimulated with the chemotactic peptide, n-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP). Superoxides 78-88 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 173-193 1847915-2 1991 Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) primes human neutrophils (PMN) for enhanced superoxide (O2-) production if cells are subsequently stimulated with the chemotactic peptide, n-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP). Superoxides 90-92 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-27 1847915-2 1991 Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) primes human neutrophils (PMN) for enhanced superoxide (O2-) production if cells are subsequently stimulated with the chemotactic peptide, n-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP). Superoxides 90-92 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 29-32 1847915-2 1991 Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) primes human neutrophils (PMN) for enhanced superoxide (O2-) production if cells are subsequently stimulated with the chemotactic peptide, n-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP). Superoxides 90-92 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 173-193 1847915-3 1991 fMLP activates phospholipase D to form phosphatidic acid (PA), and a correlation may exist between PA production and O2- generation in PMN. Superoxides 117-119 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 1647912-9 1991 The other metabolites of SASP and D-penicillamine had an indirect SSA, since they affected the O2- generating system. Superoxides 95-97 aspartic peptidase retroviral like 1 Homo sapiens 25-29 1648368-1 1991 The effect of oxygen toxicity on the development of mammalian embryos was assessed by the use of superoxide dismutase (SOD), a potent scavenger of superoxide radicals. Superoxides 97-107 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 119-122 1648368-7 1991 These results suggest that active oxygen is involved in the two-cell block phenomenon in mouse embryos exposed to air and that SOD in the oviduct may play an important role in the protection of embryos from superoxide radicals. Superoxides 207-217 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 127-130 1652585-7 1991 The DMPO-OH signal decreased on addition of superoxide dismutase, catalase, or diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, indicating that the hydroxyl radical was generated via the metal-catalyzed Haber-Weiss reaction from the superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 220-238 catalase Homo sapiens 66-74 1665713-1 1991 Endotoxin primes polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) for increased superoxide anion (O2-) generation in response to the chemotactic peptide, formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). Superoxides 85-88 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 180-184 1847167-2 1991 Growth hormone (GH) and the GH-dependent growth promoting peptide, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), are both potent signals for priming human and porcine polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) to secrete superoxide anion (O2-). Superoxides 206-222 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-14 1847167-2 1991 Growth hormone (GH) and the GH-dependent growth promoting peptide, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), are both potent signals for priming human and porcine polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) to secrete superoxide anion (O2-). Superoxides 206-222 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 16-18 1847167-2 1991 Growth hormone (GH) and the GH-dependent growth promoting peptide, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), are both potent signals for priming human and porcine polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) to secrete superoxide anion (O2-). Superoxides 206-222 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 28-30 1847167-2 1991 Growth hormone (GH) and the GH-dependent growth promoting peptide, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), are both potent signals for priming human and porcine polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) to secrete superoxide anion (O2-). Superoxides 206-222 insulin like growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 67-95 1847167-2 1991 Growth hormone (GH) and the GH-dependent growth promoting peptide, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), are both potent signals for priming human and porcine polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) to secrete superoxide anion (O2-). Superoxides 206-222 insulin like growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 97-102 1847167-2 1991 Growth hormone (GH) and the GH-dependent growth promoting peptide, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), are both potent signals for priming human and porcine polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) to secrete superoxide anion (O2-). Superoxides 224-226 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-14 1847167-2 1991 Growth hormone (GH) and the GH-dependent growth promoting peptide, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), are both potent signals for priming human and porcine polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) to secrete superoxide anion (O2-). Superoxides 224-226 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 16-18 1847167-2 1991 Growth hormone (GH) and the GH-dependent growth promoting peptide, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), are both potent signals for priming human and porcine polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) to secrete superoxide anion (O2-). Superoxides 224-226 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 28-30 1847167-2 1991 Growth hormone (GH) and the GH-dependent growth promoting peptide, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), are both potent signals for priming human and porcine polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) to secrete superoxide anion (O2-). Superoxides 224-226 insulin like growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 67-95 1847167-2 1991 Growth hormone (GH) and the GH-dependent growth promoting peptide, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), are both potent signals for priming human and porcine polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) to secrete superoxide anion (O2-). Superoxides 224-226 insulin like growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 97-102 1847167-4 1991 As positive controls, IFN-gamma and LPS also primed both human and porcine PMN for enhanced O2- release. Superoxides 92-94 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 22-31 1847167-10 1991 However, priming PMN by both GH and IGF-I required de novo protein synthesis, because cycloheximide completely abrogated enhanced O2- secretion that was caused by these growth factors. Superoxides 130-132 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 29-31 1847167-10 1991 However, priming PMN by both GH and IGF-I required de novo protein synthesis, because cycloheximide completely abrogated enhanced O2- secretion that was caused by these growth factors. Superoxides 130-132 insulin like growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 36-41 1847718-6 1991 Superoxide release in IFN-gamma-activated cells was stimulated with f-Met-Leu-Phe, C5a, or PMA. Superoxides 0-10 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 22-31 1848029-2 1991 TA-3090, at 10 to 20 microM, enhanced lysozyme release and superoxide generation induced in neutrophils by n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP). Superoxides 59-69 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 148-152 1847038-6 1991 In another group of mice, we evaluated the ability of interferon gamma to up-regulate superoxide anion release and Candida phagocytosis and killing. Superoxides 86-102 interferon gamma Mus musculus 54-70 1847038-8 1991 Superoxide anion production in resident and activated (lipopolysaccharide, interferon gamma, bacille Calmette-Guerin infection) peritoneal macrophages was significantly reduced in the malnourished group. Superoxides 0-16 interferon gamma Mus musculus 75-91 1671010-4 1991 5-ASA, SASP, and OAZ showed a dose-dependent scavenger effect in both O2-. Superoxides 70-72 aspartic peptidase retroviral like 1 Homo sapiens 7-11 1888662-7 1991 The chemiluminescent activity due to oxygen-derived free radicals (superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-inhibitable (superoxide anion) in nonsmokers were 1215.1 +/- 91.1 and 849.3 +/- 72.3 mV min/10(6) PMN leucocytes respectively. Superoxides 166-182 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 126-146 1888662-7 1991 The chemiluminescent activity due to oxygen-derived free radicals (superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-inhibitable (superoxide anion) in nonsmokers were 1215.1 +/- 91.1 and 849.3 +/- 72.3 mV min/10(6) PMN leucocytes respectively. Superoxides 166-182 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 148-151 1703410-6 1991 O2- formation stimulated by complement C5a, concanavalin A, NaF, A 23187, phorbol myristate acetate and arachidonic acid was not affected by Bt2cCMP. Superoxides 0-2 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 60-63 1846518-0 1991 Ferrous iron release from transferrin by human neutrophil-derived superoxide anion: effect of pH and iron saturation. Superoxides 66-82 transferrin Homo sapiens 26-37 1846518-1 1991 The ability of superoxide anion (O2-) from stimulated human neutrophils (PMNs) to release ferrous iron (Fe2+) from transferrin was assessed. Superoxides 15-31 transferrin Homo sapiens 115-126 1846518-1 1991 The ability of superoxide anion (O2-) from stimulated human neutrophils (PMNs) to release ferrous iron (Fe2+) from transferrin was assessed. Superoxides 33-35 transferrin Homo sapiens 115-126 1846518-3 1991 In contrast, incubation of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated PMNs with holosaturated transferrin at pH 7.4 enhanced the release of Fe2+ from transferrin eightfold in association with marked generation of O2-. Superoxides 213-216 transferrin Homo sapiens 94-105 1846518-3 1991 In contrast, incubation of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated PMNs with holosaturated transferrin at pH 7.4 enhanced the release of Fe2+ from transferrin eightfold in association with marked generation of O2-. Superoxides 213-216 transferrin Homo sapiens 150-161 1846518-4 1991 The release of Fe2+ was inhibited by addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD), indicating that the release of Fe2+ was dependent on PMN-derived extracellular O2-. Superoxides 156-159 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 49-69 1846518-4 1991 The release of Fe2+ was inhibited by addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD), indicating that the release of Fe2+ was dependent on PMN-derived extracellular O2-. Superoxides 156-159 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 71-74 1846518-7 1991 Decreasing the pH greatly facilitated the release of Fe2+ from both holosaturated transferrin and from transferrin at physiological levels of iron saturation by PMN-derived O2-. Superoxides 173-175 transferrin Homo sapiens 103-114 1664201-7 1991 TPTCl and DPTCl2 significantly inhibited the superoxide anion production by FMLP at concentrations over 2.5 microM in the presence of extracellular calcium. Superoxides 45-61 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 76-80 1851508-3 1991 Monocytes from leprosy patients receiving prednisone therapy responded to lower concentrations of IFN-gamma in vitro with enhanced superoxide anion release when challenged with M. leprae or M. bovis BCG than did monocytes from healthy subjects and other leprosy patients. Superoxides 131-147 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 98-107 1851508-5 1991 IFN-gamma treatment following in vitro dexamethasone pretreatment of monocytes from healthy subjects resulted in a greater enhancement of superoxide anion generation than that observed with IFN-gamma treatment alone. Superoxides 138-154 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 0-9 1934147-12 1991 The experiments do not allow a decision between the two functions of SOD; the conventional action as a superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase or as a semiquinone:superoxide oxidoreductase. Superoxides 103-113 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 69-72 2040021-1 1991 A study has been made of factors which may influence the induction of metallothionein-I (MT-I) synthesis by the superoxide radical generating agent, paraquat (PQ). Superoxides 112-130 metallothionein 1 Rattus norvegicus 70-87 2040021-1 1991 A study has been made of factors which may influence the induction of metallothionein-I (MT-I) synthesis by the superoxide radical generating agent, paraquat (PQ). Superoxides 112-130 metallothionein 1 Rattus norvegicus 89-93 2060262-4 1991 These conversions were prevented by 20 mM tetrahydrofurane and partially inhibited by 300 U/ml superoxide dismutase (SOD) and, therefore, appeared to depend on cytochrome-P-450-mediated reactions and to some extent also on superoxide anion radicals. Superoxides 223-248 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 95-115 2060262-4 1991 These conversions were prevented by 20 mM tetrahydrofurane and partially inhibited by 300 U/ml superoxide dismutase (SOD) and, therefore, appeared to depend on cytochrome-P-450-mediated reactions and to some extent also on superoxide anion radicals. Superoxides 223-248 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 117-120 2060262-6 1991 Since this increased metabolism was abolished in the presence of SOD, it appeared to be entirely dependent on superoxide anion radicals. Superoxides 110-135 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 65-68 1647806-2 1991 All compounds were potent inhibitors of formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP)- and platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced superoxide anion generation, beta-glucuronidase release and Ca++ influx. Superoxides 131-147 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 79-83 1823864-4 1991 The in vitro aldose reductase reaction, which we have shown is caused by glyceraldehyde-stimulated free-radical NADPH oxidation, is inhibited by the potential anti-cataract agents, bendazac acid and bendazac lysine; these compounds also inhibit ferricytochrome c reduction in the presence of DL-glyceraldehyde and scavenge superoxide radicals. Superoxides 323-333 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 13-29 1664201-8 1991 In the absence of extracellular calcium, TPTCl and DPTCl2 also inhibited the superoxide anion production by FMLP at concentrations over 1.5 microM TPTCl and over 5.0 microM DPTCl2. Superoxides 77-93 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 108-112 1675571-5 1991 The adherent IFN gamma-treated cells generated more O2- than the nonadherent IFN gamma-treated cells by the stimulation with fMLP. Superoxides 52-54 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 13-22 1675571-5 1991 The adherent IFN gamma-treated cells generated more O2- than the nonadherent IFN gamma-treated cells by the stimulation with fMLP. Superoxides 52-54 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 125-129 1675571-7 1991 Azelastine (A-5610, CAS 58581-89-8) significantly inhibited the O2- generation from the adherent IFN gamma-treated U937 cells stimulated by fMLP or PMA in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 64-66 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 97-106 1675571-7 1991 Azelastine (A-5610, CAS 58581-89-8) significantly inhibited the O2- generation from the adherent IFN gamma-treated U937 cells stimulated by fMLP or PMA in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 64-66 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 140-144 1654288-0 1991 Whole blood superoxide anion generation and efficiency of some erythrocyte antioxidant systems during recombinant human erythropoietin therapy of uremic anemia. Superoxides 12-28 erythropoietin Homo sapiens 120-134 1649082-3 1991 CP also exhibited some superoxide scavenging activity as evidenced by its inhibition of superoxide-dependent cytochrome c reduction. Superoxides 88-98 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 109-121 1649083-2 1991 While investigating whether free superoxide was involved in this electron transfer, we discovered that superoxide dismutase (SOD) enhanced the electron transfer. Superoxides 33-43 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 103-123 1649083-2 1991 While investigating whether free superoxide was involved in this electron transfer, we discovered that superoxide dismutase (SOD) enhanced the electron transfer. Superoxides 33-43 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 125-128 1649096-2 1991 Crystallographic and biochemical data have been analyzed with coupled computational and computer graphic approaches to characterize the molecular basis for recognition of the superoxide anion substrate by Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 175-191 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 211-231 1649096-2 1991 Crystallographic and biochemical data have been analyzed with coupled computational and computer graphic approaches to characterize the molecular basis for recognition of the superoxide anion substrate by Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 175-191 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 233-236 1649101-6 1991 We propose that O2- may potentiate oxidant damage at inflammatory sites by boosting the myeloperoxidase-dependent production of HOCl. Superoxides 16-18 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 88-103 1666626-0 1991 Hydroxylation of phenol to hydroquinone catalyzed by a human myeloperoxidase-superoxide complex: possible implications in benzene-induced myelotoxicity. Superoxides 77-87 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 61-76 1666626-4 1991 Here we report that phenol hydroxylation to hydroquinone is also catalyzed by human myeloperoxidase in the presence of a superoxide anion radical generating system, hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase. Superoxides 121-145 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 84-99 1666626-10 1991 Based on these results we postulate that a myeloperoxidase-superoxide complex spontaneously rearranges to generate singlet oxygen and that this singlet oxygen is responsible for phenol hydroxylation to hydroquinone. Superoxides 59-69 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 43-58 1663061-3 1991 Kinetic parameters for the rate of superoxide production and substrate affinity were determined via the superoxide dismutase-sensitive reduction of cytochrome c. Superoxides 35-45 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 148-160 1901344-5 1991 In contrast, catalase inhibited this reaction in the presence or absence of agents that dismute superoxide anion. Superoxides 96-112 catalase Homo sapiens 13-21 1672675-2 1991 Intraperitoneal superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were used to block the toxic effects of superoxide anion (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), associated with the production of endometriosis and inflammation in a rabbit model. Superoxides 96-112 catalase Oryctolagus cuniculus 47-55 1846014-9 1991 In contrast to the superoxide specific tests we found an inhibitory effect of fibrinogen and also serum compared to FDP-D using chemiluminescence. Superoxides 19-29 fibrinogen beta chain Homo sapiens 78-88 1704475-2 1991 By evaluating primed stimulation of human neutrophils, we now demonstrate that SP (10 nM-0.1 mM) dose-dependently enhances superoxide anion production from cells stimulated by the phospholipid mediator Platelet Activating Factor (PAF). Superoxides 123-139 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 79-81 1704475-3 1991 We also provide evidence that neurokinin A (NKA), which is released, as well as SP, from C fibers of sensory nerves, potentiates PAF-evoked superoxide anion generation, while neurokinin B (NKB) is ineffective. Superoxides 140-156 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 30-42 1704475-3 1991 We also provide evidence that neurokinin A (NKA), which is released, as well as SP, from C fibers of sensory nerves, potentiates PAF-evoked superoxide anion generation, while neurokinin B (NKB) is ineffective. Superoxides 140-156 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 44-47 1704475-3 1991 We also provide evidence that neurokinin A (NKA), which is released, as well as SP, from C fibers of sensory nerves, potentiates PAF-evoked superoxide anion generation, while neurokinin B (NKB) is ineffective. Superoxides 140-156 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 80-82 1846247-1 1991 Dose-dependent changes in the concentration of metallothionein-1 (MT-1) in rat tissues were determined following subcutaneous administration of paraquat (PQ), a superoxide radical-generating agent. Superoxides 161-179 metallothionein 1 Rattus norvegicus 47-64 1846247-1 1991 Dose-dependent changes in the concentration of metallothionein-1 (MT-1) in rat tissues were determined following subcutaneous administration of paraquat (PQ), a superoxide radical-generating agent. Superoxides 161-179 metallothionein 1 Rattus norvegicus 66-70 2176110-2 1990 Previously we have shown that a single in vivo treatment of selected X-CGD patients with interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) resulted 14 days later in near-normal levels of superoxide generation by phagocytes. Superoxides 166-176 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 89-105 2176110-2 1990 Previously we have shown that a single in vivo treatment of selected X-CGD patients with interferon-gamma (INF-gamma) resulted 14 days later in near-normal levels of superoxide generation by phagocytes. Superoxides 166-176 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 107-116 2176110-7 1990 By contrast, colonies derived 7 days after a single INF-gamma injection were able to generate superoxide as shown by increased NBT reduction. Superoxides 94-104 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 52-61 2175598-0 1990 Endothelin-1 enhances superoxide generation of human neutrophils stimulated by the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. Superoxides 22-32 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 0-12 1707707-20 1990 Intraperitoneal administration of a mixture of superoxide dismutase and catalase reduced detectable superoxide anion by 98% without inhibiting the writhing response to zymosan or the antinociceptive potency of paracetamol. Superoxides 100-116 catalase Mus musculus 72-80 2175782-6 1990 The activity of Cu,Zn-SOD, phorbol myristate acetate-induced production of O2-, and candidacidal activity were significantly lower in neutrophils from rats fed diets with less than or equal to 2.7 mg Cu/kg compared to control cells. Superoxides 75-77 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 16-25 2122975-6 1990 Addition, during anoxia, of a 200 micrograms/ml concentration of the superoxide anion radical scavenger superoxide dismutase or of a 5 mM concentration of the iron chelator deferoxamine mesylate prevented the subsequent decrease of t-PA antigen during reoxygenation; addition of these compounds during reoxygenation had no effect. Superoxides 69-85 plasminogen activator, tissue type Homo sapiens 232-236 2173701-2 1990 In this study, we analyzed the expression of genes encoding for components of the phagocyte superoxide anion-generating system in human phagocytes treated with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Superoxides 92-108 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 160-176 2173701-2 1990 In this study, we analyzed the expression of genes encoding for components of the phagocyte superoxide anion-generating system in human phagocytes treated with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Superoxides 92-108 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 178-187 1703610-1 1990 The superoxide radical scavenging effects of the SH group in the captopril molecule has been proposed to be the basis of the "cadioprotective" effect of this angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor in animal models of myocardial injury. Superoxides 4-22 angiotensin I converting enzyme Homo sapiens 158-187 1703610-1 1990 The superoxide radical scavenging effects of the SH group in the captopril molecule has been proposed to be the basis of the "cadioprotective" effect of this angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor in animal models of myocardial injury. Superoxides 4-22 angiotensin I converting enzyme Homo sapiens 189-192 2170529-2 1990 When human neutrophils are incubated with LPS, they become primed for enhanced release of O2- in response to stimulation by FMLP. Superoxides 90-92 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 124-128 2170531-2 1990 Over the last few years, several studies showing that production of superoxide by neutrophils in response to chemotactic factors such as FMLP is enhanced after preincubation of the cells with granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF or TNF-alpha have been published. Superoxides 68-78 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 137-141 2174064-2 1990 With 0.1 microM N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) stimulation, generation of IP3 and a peak rise in [Cai] occurred at 30 sec, preceding maximal O2- production (1.5 min) and the maximal rise in DAG mass (4 min). Superoxides 157-159 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 57-61 2174064-3 1990 FMLP-induced O2- production was inhibited by pertussis toxin. Superoxides 13-15 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 2174064-5 1990 EGTA inhibited the cytochalasin B/fMLP-induced increment in [Ca]i and O2- production by 75% and 50%, respectively, and completely ablated the response to cytochalasin B/Con A, suggesting a role for extracellular as well as intracellular calcium in the respiratory burst. Superoxides 70-72 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 34-38 2174064-9 1990 Third, following neutrophil priming with dioctanoylglycerol (diC8), maximal O2- production occurred in response to 0.015 microM fMLP or Con A without a rise in [Ca]i, and diC8/fMLP-induced O2- production was not inhibited by EGTA. Superoxides 76-78 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 128-132 2174064-9 1990 Third, following neutrophil priming with dioctanoylglycerol (diC8), maximal O2- production occurred in response to 0.015 microM fMLP or Con A without a rise in [Ca]i, and diC8/fMLP-induced O2- production was not inhibited by EGTA. Superoxides 76-78 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 176-180 2174064-9 1990 Third, following neutrophil priming with dioctanoylglycerol (diC8), maximal O2- production occurred in response to 0.015 microM fMLP or Con A without a rise in [Ca]i, and diC8/fMLP-induced O2- production was not inhibited by EGTA. Superoxides 189-191 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 128-132 2170531-2 1990 Over the last few years, several studies showing that production of superoxide by neutrophils in response to chemotactic factors such as FMLP is enhanced after preincubation of the cells with granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF or TNF-alpha have been published. Superoxides 68-78 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 227-236 2170531-5 1990 Pretreatment of neutrophils with either GM-CSF or TNF-alpha dose-dependently enhanced the production of superoxide induced by NaF, as determined by the superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of ferricytochrome c. Superoxides 104-114 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 50-59 2170531-5 1990 Pretreatment of neutrophils with either GM-CSF or TNF-alpha dose-dependently enhanced the production of superoxide induced by NaF, as determined by the superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of ferricytochrome c. Superoxides 104-114 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 126-129 2170520-4 1990 Over a 6-day period of induction the rank order of the ability of these agents to induce expression of PMA-stimulated superoxide production was: IFN-gamma greater than 1,25(OH)2D3 greater than retinoic acid greater than DMSO. Superoxides 118-128 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 145-154 2170521-8 1990 Additionally, 1.5 microM MBP in combination with FMLP or platelet-activating factor stimulated a synergistic increase in O2- release from cytochalasin B-treated neutrophils. Superoxides 121-123 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 49-53 2170521-9 1990 The degree of synergism with FMLP or platelet-activating factor was inversely related (p less than 0.005) to the level of MBP-induced O2- release. Superoxides 134-136 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 29-33 2171676-1 1990 Neutrophils exhibit an intense phosphorylation of a 47 kDa protein and release large quantities of superoxide (O2-) upon stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or fMet-Leu-Phe (fMLP). Superoxides 99-109 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 193-197 2171676-1 1990 Neutrophils exhibit an intense phosphorylation of a 47 kDa protein and release large quantities of superoxide (O2-) upon stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or fMet-Leu-Phe (fMLP). Superoxides 111-114 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 193-197 2174208-2 1990 We used a continuous cytochrome C assay to investigate the superoxide production by human PMNs primed with TNF and subsequently stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Superoxides 59-69 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 107-110 2174208-6 1990 These results indicate that priming of PMNs with TNF increases superoxide production during the early phase of the respiratory burst through a shortening of the post-stimulation lag period. Superoxides 63-73 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 49-52 1963300-0 1990 Priming effect of recombinant human interleukin-2 and recombinant human interferon-gamma on human neutrophil superoxide production. Superoxides 109-119 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 36-49 2171676-8 1990 Surprisingly, staurosporine (15 nM) reduced the incorporation of 32P into the 47 kDa protein in fMLP stimulated cells at least as effectively as H-7, yet, while the staurosporine treated cells released substantial amounts of O2-, the cells treated with H-7 did not. Superoxides 225-227 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 96-100 1963300-0 1990 Priming effect of recombinant human interleukin-2 and recombinant human interferon-gamma on human neutrophil superoxide production. Superoxides 109-119 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 72-88 1963300-1 1990 The effect of recombinant human interleukin-2 (rhIL-2) and recombinant human interferon-gamma (rhIFN-gamma) were evaluated on superoxide (O2-) production of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). Superoxides 126-136 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 32-45 1963300-1 1990 The effect of recombinant human interleukin-2 (rhIL-2) and recombinant human interferon-gamma (rhIFN-gamma) were evaluated on superoxide (O2-) production of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). Superoxides 126-136 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 77-93 2172157-2 1990 The generation of superoxide by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed human B lymphocytes can be stimulated by a range of compounds; receptor-dependent stimuli include tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and independent stimuli include AlF3, A21387 and ionomycin. Superoxides 18-28 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 209-227 2172157-2 1990 The generation of superoxide by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed human B lymphocytes can be stimulated by a range of compounds; receptor-dependent stimuli include tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS), and independent stimuli include AlF3, A21387 and ionomycin. Superoxides 18-28 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 229-238 2174407-9 1990 Measurement of the respiratory burst using the cytochrome c reduction assay confirmed that FN enhanced both the initial rate and total amount of superoxide anion generated by FMLP-stimulated PMNs. Superoxides 145-161 fibronectin 1 Homo sapiens 91-93 2177449-2 1990 In the presence of ENOCW a 74% increased production of superoxide during the respiratory burst of TPA-activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes was observed, as compared to the unprimed control. Superoxides 55-65 plasminogen activator, tissue type Homo sapiens 98-101 2177449-4 1990 Even in the presence of whole human blood, as a model for competitive binding in biological fluids, an enhanced generation of superoxide by TPA activated blood phagocytes remained detectable. Superoxides 126-136 plasminogen activator, tissue type Homo sapiens 140-143 2170609-5 1990 Superoxide generation by polymorphonuclear neutrophils on stimulation with FMLP and phagocytosis of S. aureus were normal. Superoxides 0-10 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 75-79 2262946-4 1990 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) are intracellular enzymes that scavenge the superoxide and hydroxyl radicals respectively. Superoxides 90-100 catalase Rattus norvegicus 31-39 1963300-1 1990 The effect of recombinant human interleukin-2 (rhIL-2) and recombinant human interferon-gamma (rhIFN-gamma) were evaluated on superoxide (O2-) production of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs). Superoxides 138-140 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 77-93 1963300-2 1990 Ten minutes incubation with rhIL-2 showed a dose-dependent enhancement of n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP)-induced O2-production of human PMNs, and the rate of enhancement reached 49.6% at the concentration of 3000 U/ml rhIL-2. Superoxides 129-131 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 115-119 2262946-4 1990 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) are intracellular enzymes that scavenge the superoxide and hydroxyl radicals respectively. Superoxides 90-100 catalase Rattus norvegicus 41-44 2400811-5 1990 The Ca2(+)-dependent step was shown to involve protein kinase C (PK-C) in that the O2- production, but not adherence, was blocked with 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7), and PK-C was found to translocate from the cytosol to the membrane on adhesion. Superoxides 83-85 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 47-63 2400811-5 1990 The Ca2(+)-dependent step was shown to involve protein kinase C (PK-C) in that the O2- production, but not adherence, was blocked with 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7), and PK-C was found to translocate from the cytosol to the membrane on adhesion. Superoxides 83-85 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 65-69 2400811-5 1990 The Ca2(+)-dependent step was shown to involve protein kinase C (PK-C) in that the O2- production, but not adherence, was blocked with 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7), and PK-C was found to translocate from the cytosol to the membrane on adhesion. Superoxides 83-85 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 192-196 2400811-6 1990 Furthermore, it may be inferred that this translocation results in the generation of a Ca2+ independent form of PK-C, PK-M, since leupeptin, which inhibits the generation of PK-M, also blocked O2- production. Superoxides 193-195 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 112-116 2400811-7 1990 This finding was corroborated by showing that after 5 minutes in a Ca2(+)-containing buffer, enough time to initiate O2- production and PK-C translocation, Ca2+ is no longer required for sustained O2- release. Superoxides 197-199 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 136-140 2400811-8 1990 These results, in aggregate, demonstrate that neutrophils are activated by adhesion to plastic to generate O2-, a PK-C-dependent process that appears to involve a Ca2(+)-independent form of the kinase, PK-M. Why adherent neutrophils generate a respiratory burst on plastic and not fibronectin surfaces probably reflects activation of distinct receptors, whose nature must still be defined. Superoxides 107-109 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 114-118 2400811-8 1990 These results, in aggregate, demonstrate that neutrophils are activated by adhesion to plastic to generate O2-, a PK-C-dependent process that appears to involve a Ca2(+)-independent form of the kinase, PK-M. Why adherent neutrophils generate a respiratory burst on plastic and not fibronectin surfaces probably reflects activation of distinct receptors, whose nature must still be defined. Superoxides 107-109 fibronectin 1 Homo sapiens 281-292 2400811-9 1990 Another issue to address is the priming effect of adhesion, since cells adherent to plastic- or fibronectin-coated surfaces have an enhanced O2- response to formylmethionyl-leucine-phenylalanine (FMLP) compared with neutrophils stimulated in suspension. Superoxides 141-143 fibronectin 1 Homo sapiens 96-107 2167912-2 1990 In human neutrophils stimulated with the chemotactic peptide FMLP, adenosine agonists inhibit O2- generation and degranulation. Superoxides 94-96 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 2167912-8 1990 In addition (R)-N-(1-methyl-2-phenylethyl)adenosine had weak inhibitory effects on superoxide production by FMLP-stimulated rat neutrophils. Superoxides 83-93 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 108-112 2173500-2 1990 Superoxide anion generation was measured by superoxide dismutase inhibitable reduction of cytochrome c. Superoxides 0-16 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 90-102 2166625-6 1990 Phagocytosis of particulate immune complexes (EAs) as well as production of superoxide (O2-) in response to EAs were inhibited by IL-4, and the inhibition was reversed by IFN. Superoxides 76-86 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 130-134 2178158-3 1990 The pretreatment of myeloid differentiated HL-60 cells with 1-10 nM LTB4 enhanced superoxide production evoked by 100 nM formyl-methionyl-leucylphenylalanine (fMLP) to 127-137% of the controls stimulated by fMLP alone. Superoxides 82-92 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 159-163 2178158-4 1990 A concentration eliciting a half maximal increase (EC50) of LTB4 for the enhancing effect on superoxide production evoked by fMLP was 0.32 nM. Superoxides 93-103 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 125-129 2178158-6 1990 These results suggest that high affinity receptors transduce the enhancing effect of LTB4 on fMLP-induced superoxide production. Superoxides 106-116 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 93-97 2178158-7 1990 Although it seems possible that enhancement of fMLP-induced superoxide production is associated with a substantial increase and/or an affinity alteration in receptors for fMLP, LTB4-pretreated cells failed to show significant changes in fMLP binding compared to non-pretreated ones. Superoxides 60-70 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 47-51 2178158-8 1990 It seems likely that Ca2+ influx transduces enhancement of fMLP-induced superoxide production, because extracellular Ca2+ is necessary for an enhancing effect of fMLP-induced superoxide production. Superoxides 72-82 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 59-63 2178158-8 1990 It seems likely that Ca2+ influx transduces enhancement of fMLP-induced superoxide production, because extracellular Ca2+ is necessary for an enhancing effect of fMLP-induced superoxide production. Superoxides 175-185 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 59-63 2178158-8 1990 It seems likely that Ca2+ influx transduces enhancement of fMLP-induced superoxide production, because extracellular Ca2+ is necessary for an enhancing effect of fMLP-induced superoxide production. Superoxides 175-185 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 162-166 2178158-9 1990 Also, EC50 of LTB4 for Ca2+ influx (0.78 nM) was similar to that of the enhancing effect of superoxide generation evoked by fMLP. Superoxides 92-102 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 124-128 2166760-6 1990 Three of the synthetic peptides corresponding to residues 201-206 (CRP-III), 83-90 (CRP-IV), and 77-82 (CRP-V) of the intact protein were identified to significantly inhibit superoxide production from activated neutrophils at 50 microM whereas CRP-III and CRP-V in addition inhibited neutrophil chemotaxis at this concentration. Superoxides 174-184 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 67-70 2166760-6 1990 Three of the synthetic peptides corresponding to residues 201-206 (CRP-III), 83-90 (CRP-IV), and 77-82 (CRP-V) of the intact protein were identified to significantly inhibit superoxide production from activated neutrophils at 50 microM whereas CRP-III and CRP-V in addition inhibited neutrophil chemotaxis at this concentration. Superoxides 174-184 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 84-87 2166760-6 1990 Three of the synthetic peptides corresponding to residues 201-206 (CRP-III), 83-90 (CRP-IV), and 77-82 (CRP-V) of the intact protein were identified to significantly inhibit superoxide production from activated neutrophils at 50 microM whereas CRP-III and CRP-V in addition inhibited neutrophil chemotaxis at this concentration. Superoxides 174-184 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 84-87 2166760-6 1990 Three of the synthetic peptides corresponding to residues 201-206 (CRP-III), 83-90 (CRP-IV), and 77-82 (CRP-V) of the intact protein were identified to significantly inhibit superoxide production from activated neutrophils at 50 microM whereas CRP-III and CRP-V in addition inhibited neutrophil chemotaxis at this concentration. Superoxides 174-184 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 84-87 2166760-6 1990 Three of the synthetic peptides corresponding to residues 201-206 (CRP-III), 83-90 (CRP-IV), and 77-82 (CRP-V) of the intact protein were identified to significantly inhibit superoxide production from activated neutrophils at 50 microM whereas CRP-III and CRP-V in addition inhibited neutrophil chemotaxis at this concentration. Superoxides 174-184 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 84-87 2246807-2 1990 Superoxide dismutase is an enzyme that scavanges superoxide radicals. Superoxides 49-59 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 2383659-2 1990 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme that scavenges the superoxide anion (O2-) is constitutively expressed in leukocytes and other tissues. Superoxides 57-73 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 2383659-2 1990 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme that scavenges the superoxide anion (O2-) is constitutively expressed in leukocytes and other tissues. Superoxides 57-73 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 2383659-2 1990 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme that scavenges the superoxide anion (O2-) is constitutively expressed in leukocytes and other tissues. Superoxides 75-77 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 2383659-2 1990 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme that scavenges the superoxide anion (O2-) is constitutively expressed in leukocytes and other tissues. Superoxides 75-77 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 2383659-4 1990 We have found that significant induction of SOD activity occurs in PBL incubated in vitro with paraquat, an agent known to cause intracellular O2- production. Superoxides 143-145 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 44-47 2169942-12 1990 Staurosporine at low concentrations increased the fMLP-stimulated O2- response by 100%, the maximum effect occurring at 35 nM. Superoxides 66-68 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 50-54 2387537-1 1990 It has been speculated that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) may decrease the cytotoxicity of radiotherapy by increasing the scavenging of toxic superoxide radicals. Superoxides 152-162 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 28-55 2387537-1 1990 It has been speculated that tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) may decrease the cytotoxicity of radiotherapy by increasing the scavenging of toxic superoxide radicals. Superoxides 152-162 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 57-66 2169299-6 1990 There was a positive correlation between the lucigenin responses and the results obtained with the established cytochrome c assay for superoxide, when opsonized zymosan was used as a stimulant. Superoxides 134-144 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 111-123 2164811-7 1990 The reduced minus oxidised spectra of superoxide-bombarded mitochondria show that superoxide enters the electron transport chain by reducing cytochrome c and complex IV. Superoxides 38-48 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 141-153 2164811-7 1990 The reduced minus oxidised spectra of superoxide-bombarded mitochondria show that superoxide enters the electron transport chain by reducing cytochrome c and complex IV. Superoxides 82-92 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 141-153 2164258-3 1990 When given before or immediately after ischemic injury, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) reduced the amount of superoxide anions in the coronary circulation, maintained endothelial-dependent coronary relaxation, and reduced injury mediated by exogenous TNF. Superoxides 121-138 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 56-87 2164258-3 1990 When given before or immediately after ischemic injury, transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) reduced the amount of superoxide anions in the coronary circulation, maintained endothelial-dependent coronary relaxation, and reduced injury mediated by exogenous TNF. Superoxides 121-138 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 89-97 2164333-5 1990 Compared to normal dense eosinophils, HE generated significantly more O2- when activated with the chemotactic peptide FMLP or opsonized zymosan; however, these differences were small. Superoxides 70-72 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 118-122 1697194-2 1990 The effects of substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA) and neurokinin B (NKB) were evaluated on superoxide anion (O2-.) Superoxides 93-109 tachykinin-3 Cavia porcellus 56-68 1697194-2 1990 The effects of substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA) and neurokinin B (NKB) were evaluated on superoxide anion (O2-.) Superoxides 93-109 tachykinin-3 Cavia porcellus 70-73 1697194-2 1990 The effects of substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA) and neurokinin B (NKB) were evaluated on superoxide anion (O2-.) Superoxides 111-113 tachykinin-3 Cavia porcellus 70-73 1697194-8 1990 NKA and NKB were both able to induce O2-. Superoxides 37-39 tachykinin-3 Cavia porcellus 8-11 2168825-0 1990 The effect of recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha on superoxide and metalloproteinase production by synovial cells and chondrocytes. Superoxides 57-67 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 26-53 2168825-1 1990 We studied the effect of recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rTNF-alpha) on the production of superoxide and metalloproteinase by rheumatoid synovial cells or osteoarthritis chondrocytes. Superoxides 99-109 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 37-64 2168825-1 1990 We studied the effect of recombinant tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rTNF-alpha) on the production of superoxide and metalloproteinase by rheumatoid synovial cells or osteoarthritis chondrocytes. Superoxides 99-109 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 66-76 2168825-2 1990 rTNF-alpha significantly inhibited superoxide generation by osteoarthritis chondrocytes and rheumatoid synovial cells at a concentration of 23 U/ml. Superoxides 35-45 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 0-10 2168825-3 1990 On the other hand, rTNF-alpha at a concentration of 1500 U/ml significantly enhanced superoxide production by rheumatoid synovial cells, osteoarthritis synovial cells and osteoarthritis chondrocytes, respectively. Superoxides 85-95 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 19-29 2168825-6 1990 The enhancing effect of rTNF-alpha at higher concentrations on superoxide production by rheumatoid synovial cells and osteoarthritis chondrocytes was time dependent. Superoxides 63-73 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 24-34 2168825-7 1990 These results suggest that rTNF-alpha has a biphasic effect on superoxide and metalloproteinase production, and hence may play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory joint diseases. Superoxides 63-73 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 27-37 1696653-3 1990 This study was designed to examine the effects of concomitant administration of superoxide radical scavenger superoxide dismutase (SOD) with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) compared to tPA alone (without SOD) in acute coronary thrombosis in anesthetized dogs. Superoxides 80-90 tissue-type plasminogen activator Canis lupus familiaris 141-169 1696653-3 1990 This study was designed to examine the effects of concomitant administration of superoxide radical scavenger superoxide dismutase (SOD) with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) compared to tPA alone (without SOD) in acute coronary thrombosis in anesthetized dogs. Superoxides 80-90 tissue-type plasminogen activator Canis lupus familiaris 171-174 2166625-6 1990 Phagocytosis of particulate immune complexes (EAs) as well as production of superoxide (O2-) in response to EAs were inhibited by IL-4, and the inhibition was reversed by IFN. Superoxides 76-86 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 171-174 2166625-6 1990 Phagocytosis of particulate immune complexes (EAs) as well as production of superoxide (O2-) in response to EAs were inhibited by IL-4, and the inhibition was reversed by IFN. Superoxides 88-90 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 130-134 2166625-6 1990 Phagocytosis of particulate immune complexes (EAs) as well as production of superoxide (O2-) in response to EAs were inhibited by IL-4, and the inhibition was reversed by IFN. Superoxides 88-90 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 171-174 2166625-8 1990 Additive effects of IL-4 and IFN were on the other hand seen on HLA-DR and HLA-DQ expression as well as on O2- production in response to stimulation with phorbol ester (PMA). Superoxides 107-109 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 20-32 2167153-13 1990 2,5-Dihydroxypyridine at 0.5 and 1.0 mM produced a 12- and 17-fold increase, respectively, in the rate of superoxide anion production compared to control, as monitored by the SOD-inhibitable reduction of acetylated cytochrome c. Superoxides 106-122 cytochrome c Nicotiana tabacum 215-227 2160031-1 1990 Supernatants of human mononuclear cells cultured in the presence of LPS (LPS-MNC-SN) directly induced production of superoxide by isolated polymorphonuclear leukocytes, measured as superoxide dismutase--inhibitable cytochrome c reduction or, more sensitively, Lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. Superoxides 116-126 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 215-227 2366819-6 1990 The observed parallelism between the SOD activity and the cytogenetic manifestation may imply an involvement of active oxygen species, especially superoxide radicals, in the increased chromosome damage of CIS cells. Superoxides 146-156 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 37-40 2170039-4 1990 In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, Zn2+ inhibited STZ-induced transient increase in [Ca2+]i in the concentration range that evoked a marked inhibition in the O2- generation. Superoxides 161-163 carbonic anhydrase 2 Rattus norvegicus 88-91 1972179-3 1990 This TNF-dependent EO cytotoxicity is strongly inhibited by heparin and methyprednisolone but unaffected by the platelet-activating factor antagonist BN52012 or scavengers of superoxide anion and H2O2, superoxide dismutase and catalase. Superoxides 175-191 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 5-8 1972179-5 1990 EOs adherent to FCS-coated plastic wells more than double their production of superoxide anion and the cytotoxic EPO-derived oxidant HOBr when exposed to TNF, showing that TNF activates the respiratory burst of EOs attached to a "physiologic" surface. Superoxides 78-94 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 172-175 2165549-1 1990 In this study the effects of nine dihydrophenazine derivatives, relative to clofazimine (B663), on the N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP) stimulated release of superoxide anion and on the spontaneous generation of arachidonic acid by human neutrophils were investigated. Superoxides 178-194 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 150-154 2165549-5 1990 The priming effect of the agents on FMLP stimulated superoxide generation was completely prevented by the phospholipase A2 inhibitor 4-p-bromophenacyl bromide. Superoxides 52-62 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 36-40 2165549-5 1990 The priming effect of the agents on FMLP stimulated superoxide generation was completely prevented by the phospholipase A2 inhibitor 4-p-bromophenacyl bromide. Superoxides 52-62 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 106-122 2165549-7 1990 It was therefore concluded that dihydrophenazine derivatives with pro-oxidative properties can prime neutrophils for FMLP-stimulated superoxide release by modulation of phospholipase A2 activity. Superoxides 133-143 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 117-121 2165549-7 1990 It was therefore concluded that dihydrophenazine derivatives with pro-oxidative properties can prime neutrophils for FMLP-stimulated superoxide release by modulation of phospholipase A2 activity. Superoxides 133-143 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 169-185 1701227-2 1990 SP and the C-terminal peptides SP4-11 and SP6-11 and SP6-11 (10(-6)-10(-4) M) induced the increase in ([Ca2+]i, O2- generation, and chemotaxis of the neutrophils dose--dependently, whereas the N-terminal peptides SP1-9 and SP1-4 (up to 10(-4) M) were inactive in inducing these responses. Superoxides 112-114 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 0-2 2163140-0 1990 Modulation of human peripheral blood monocyte superoxide release by interferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide. Superoxides 46-56 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 68-84 2163140-3 1990 In this study, the superoxide release of cultured human peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) after exposure to IFN-gamma and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was examined. Superoxides 19-29 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 107-116 2163140-4 1990 Compared with controls, adherent monocytes cultured with 80 units of IFN-gamma for 48 hours demonstrated fourfold increased spontaneous and twofold increased PMA stimulated release of superoxide anion. Superoxides 184-200 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 69-78 2159692-3 1990 Superoxide-dependent cytochrome c reduction was inhibited only when captopril was preincubated with a lower concentration of cytochrome c (22 microM). Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 21-33 2159692-3 1990 Superoxide-dependent cytochrome c reduction was inhibited only when captopril was preincubated with a lower concentration of cytochrome c (22 microM). Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 125-137 2162215-12 1990 It is proposed that superoxide may potentiate oxidant damage at inflammatory sites by optimizing the myeloperoxidase-dependent production of hypochlorous acid. Superoxides 20-30 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 101-116 2163244-7 1990 Clindamycin, which enters phagocytes by the cell membrane adenosine (nucleoside) transport system, had only a modest effect on FMLP-mediated superoxide production but inhibited the microbial particle-induced response by approximately 50%. Superoxides 141-151 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 127-131 2159345-5 1990 With saturating fMLP concentrations, the rate of O2- production was still about twice that in the control. Superoxides 49-51 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 16-20 2159348-4 1990 These antagonists of PKC also cause a rapid cessation of O2- release when added to cells that are already stimulated. Superoxides 57-59 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 21-24 2160283-8 1990 It is suggested that superoxide liberated from cytochrome P-450, in combination with iron, may be responsible for initiation of NADPH-dependent lipid peroxidation in human placental mitochondria. Superoxides 21-31 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 47-63 1967034-3 1990 In contrast, chemotaxis and superoxide generation induced by FMLP and TPA were markedly reduced. Superoxides 28-38 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 2170620-4 1990 The superoxide generation in response to FMLP decreases while the PMA response is normal. Superoxides 4-14 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 41-45 1966640-1 1990 Our results indicate that the responsiveness of the phagocytic and intracellular killing process of peripheral blood granulocytes and peritoneal phagocytic cells in infected germfree mice is due primarily to the OCl- (hypochloride ion) with myeloperoxidase involvement, while the response in infected conventional mice is brought about mainly by the O2- (superoxide anion). Superoxides 350-352 occludin Mus musculus 212-215 1966640-1 1990 Our results indicate that the responsiveness of the phagocytic and intracellular killing process of peripheral blood granulocytes and peritoneal phagocytic cells in infected germfree mice is due primarily to the OCl- (hypochloride ion) with myeloperoxidase involvement, while the response in infected conventional mice is brought about mainly by the O2- (superoxide anion). Superoxides 355-371 occludin Mus musculus 212-215 1966643-2 1990 Despite that protection from O2- is provided by superoxide dismutase (SOD), there are controversial results about SOD-like activity of polymorhonuclear cells (PMN) in RA and there are no reports about it in BD. Superoxides 29-31 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 48-68 1966643-2 1990 Despite that protection from O2- is provided by superoxide dismutase (SOD), there are controversial results about SOD-like activity of polymorhonuclear cells (PMN) in RA and there are no reports about it in BD. Superoxides 29-31 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 70-73 2158315-2 1990 DBB did not generate superoxide production by itself, but enhanced the FMLP or A23187-induced superoxide production in a dose dependent manner. Superoxides 94-104 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 71-75 2185986-5 1990 Furthermore, a combination of an intact CD11a and CD18 antibody does induce a rise in intracellular calcium and production of superoxide. Superoxides 126-136 integrin subunit beta 2 Homo sapiens 50-54 2160522-6 1990 In addition, OM-89 treatment induced marked PMA-dependent superoxide and hydrogen peroxide release by macrophages from the LPS low responder mouse strain C3H/HeJ. Superoxides 58-68 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 123-126 2156873-0 1990 Bradykinin induces superoxide anion release from human endothelial cells. Superoxides 19-35 kininogen 1 Homo sapiens 0-10 2156873-1 1990 The time-dependent release of superoxide anion (O2-) from bradykinin (Bk)-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EC) was measured as the superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of ferricytochrome C employing a novel application of microspectrophotometry. Superoxides 30-46 kininogen 1 Homo sapiens 58-68 2156873-1 1990 The time-dependent release of superoxide anion (O2-) from bradykinin (Bk)-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EC) was measured as the superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of ferricytochrome C employing a novel application of microspectrophotometry. Superoxides 30-46 kininogen 1 Homo sapiens 70-72 2156873-1 1990 The time-dependent release of superoxide anion (O2-) from bradykinin (Bk)-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EC) was measured as the superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of ferricytochrome C employing a novel application of microspectrophotometry. Superoxides 48-50 kininogen 1 Homo sapiens 58-68 2156873-1 1990 The time-dependent release of superoxide anion (O2-) from bradykinin (Bk)-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (EC) was measured as the superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of ferricytochrome C employing a novel application of microspectrophotometry. Superoxides 48-50 kininogen 1 Homo sapiens 70-72 2156873-3 1990 EC exposure to Bk (10(-6) to 10(-5) M) resulted in a rapid release of O2-. Superoxides 70-72 kininogen 1 Homo sapiens 15-17 2159112-2 1990 Both PGE-type compounds were equipotent inhibitors of FMLP-and PAF-stimulated superoxide anion generation, beta-glucuronidase release (IC50 3-5 mumol/l) and Ca2+ influx while PGI2 and iloprost were ineffective at concentrations up to 10 mumol/l. Superoxides 78-94 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 54-58 2163244-8 1990 Roxithromycin and trimethoprim were efficient inhibitors of PMN superoxide generation stimulated by FMLP and concanavalin A (also inhibited by erythromycin) but had less effect on zymosan-mediated respiratory burst activity. Superoxides 64-74 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 100-104 2155813-3 1990 As superoxide dismutase and catalase reduced the ulcerogenesis induced by diethyldithiocarbamate, the superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide were considered to play a pathogenic role in this ulcer model. Superoxides 102-120 catalase Rattus norvegicus 28-36 2159392-1 1990 In twelve rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, receiving only nonsteroid anti-inflammatory therapy, superoxide anion (02-) generation by polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) was assessed by Cytochrome C reduction. Superoxides 99-115 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 188-200 1692825-1 1990 Superoxide generation in the NADPH oxidase reaction of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, demonstrated using the ESR spin trap, 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide, increased on the addition of lactoferrin. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Homo sapiens 55-87 2159479-3 1990 FMLP-stimulated superoxide release by neutrophils in patients with burns was depressed for over 100 days after burn injury, whereas superoxide release by neutrophils in patients with burns stimulated with serum-opsonized zymosan was depressed for 42 days after burn injury. Superoxides 16-26 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 2155263-10 1990 Other functional studies showed that they were primed for the secretion of superoxide ion and could be stimulated in vitro by IFN-gamma and LPS to lyse tumor target cells. Superoxides 75-85 interferon gamma Mus musculus 126-135 2155276-6 1990 While pentoxifylline is less potent than adenosine in its inhibition of fMLP-induced superoxide production, it is more potent in its inhibition of PMA- and beta-glucan particle-stimulated superoxide production. Superoxides 85-95 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 72-76 2155276-7 1990 Cytochalasin B, which enhances degranulation and fMLP-stimulated superoxide production, was found to inhibit beta-glucan particle-stimulated superoxide production. Superoxides 65-75 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 49-53 2155276-7 1990 Cytochalasin B, which enhances degranulation and fMLP-stimulated superoxide production, was found to inhibit beta-glucan particle-stimulated superoxide production. Superoxides 141-151 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 49-53 2155277-4 1990 Formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP)-stimulated O2- release by cytochalasin B-treated PMNL was not inhibited significantly by either PMXB or H-7. Superoxides 56-58 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 39-43 2155277-13 1990 When priming by OAG for enhanced O2- release (as opposed to direct stimulation of O2- release) in FMLP-stimulated PMNL was examined, PMXB inhibited O2- release in OAG-primed PMNL, suggesting that protein kinase C is involved in priming of PMNL by OAG. Superoxides 33-35 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 98-102 2160133-2 1990 Coincubation of sheep platelets with sheep PMNs in the absence of thrombin resulted in a significant inhibition in basal PMN O2- production. Superoxides 125-127 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 66-74 2160133-4 1990 Addition of alpha-thrombin or platelet activating factor (PAF) enhanced PMN O2- production but only when platelets were present. Superoxides 76-78 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 18-26 2160133-5 1990 The enhancement of O2- production in response to thrombin was dependent upon the thrombin concentration and the platelet-PMN ratio. Superoxides 19-21 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 49-57 2160133-5 1990 The enhancement of O2- production in response to thrombin was dependent upon the thrombin concentration and the platelet-PMN ratio. Superoxides 19-21 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 81-89 2160133-6 1990 With a platelet: PMN ratio of 30: 1, addition of 10 nM thrombin to sheep cells resulted in a 5-fold increase in O2- production, whereas addition of 10 nM PAF caused a 2-fold increase in O2-. Superoxides 112-114 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 55-63 2160133-8 1990 The response of human cells was similar except that both thrombin and PAF triggered a 2-fold increase in PMN O2- production in the presence of platelets. Superoxides 109-111 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 57-65 2308398-4 1990 We tested the effect of hydrogen peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide and hydroxyl and superoxide radicals on GPX, SOD and catalase. Superoxides 104-123 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 132-135 2308398-4 1990 We tested the effect of hydrogen peroxide, cumene hydroperoxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide and hydroxyl and superoxide radicals on GPX, SOD and catalase. Superoxides 104-123 catalase Homo sapiens 140-148 2308398-7 1990 Catalase was inactivated by hydroxyl radicals and by superoxide anions but organic peroxides had no effect. Superoxides 53-70 catalase Homo sapiens 0-8 1688889-3 1990 As compared with freshly isolated replicate samples, neutrophils co-cultured with human fibroblasts for 72 h exhibited augmented FMLP-stimulated superoxide production without spontaneous superoxide generation. Superoxides 145-155 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 129-133 2153739-8 1990 Thus, endotoxin-activated serum can prime cellular responsiveness for membrane depolarization and superoxide production in response to FMLP and to C5a. Superoxides 98-108 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 135-139 2153739-8 1990 Thus, endotoxin-activated serum can prime cellular responsiveness for membrane depolarization and superoxide production in response to FMLP and to C5a. Superoxides 98-108 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 147-150 2303749-5 1990 Of the various functional parameters assessed, neutrophil respiratory burst activity, as assessed by superoxide (O2-) production, was inhibited by native haptoglobin when the cells were stimulated with formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine (FMLP), arachidonic acid (AA), and opsonized zymosan. Superoxides 101-111 haptoglobin Homo sapiens 154-165 2303749-5 1990 Of the various functional parameters assessed, neutrophil respiratory burst activity, as assessed by superoxide (O2-) production, was inhibited by native haptoglobin when the cells were stimulated with formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine (FMLP), arachidonic acid (AA), and opsonized zymosan. Superoxides 113-115 haptoglobin Homo sapiens 154-165 2153125-4 1990 Thiourea also competitively inhibited the reduction of cytochrome c by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase superoxide-generating system, and the release of iron from ferritin by superoxide radicals. Superoxides 101-111 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 55-67 2154202-0 1990 Tumor necrosis factor-alpha/cachectin activates the O2(-)-generating system of human neutrophils independently of the hydrolysis of phosphoinositides and the release of arachidonic acid. Superoxides 52-57 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-27 2154202-0 1990 Tumor necrosis factor-alpha/cachectin activates the O2(-)-generating system of human neutrophils independently of the hydrolysis of phosphoinositides and the release of arachidonic acid. Superoxides 52-57 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 28-37 2153108-0 1990 Kinetic studies on spin trapping of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals generated in NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase-paraquat systems. Superoxides 36-46 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Homo sapiens 82-114 2153108-2 1990 Electron spin resonance (ESR) studies on spin trapping of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals by 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide (DMPO) were performed in NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase-paraquat systems at pH 7.4. Superoxides 58-68 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Homo sapiens 152-184 2153171-0 1990 IL-4 inhibits superoxide production by human mononuclear phagocytes. Superoxides 14-24 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 0-4 2153171-2 1990 We examined the effects of IL-4 on superoxide (O2-) production (cytochrome c reduction) by cultured M phi and the modulation of these effects by IFN-gamma and IL-1. Superoxides 35-45 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 64-76 2153171-2 1990 We examined the effects of IL-4 on superoxide (O2-) production (cytochrome c reduction) by cultured M phi and the modulation of these effects by IFN-gamma and IL-1. Superoxides 47-49 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 64-76 2153171-3 1990 Incubation of IL-4 (200 U/ml) with M phi inhibited M phi PMA (100 ng/ml)-stimulated O2-. Superoxides 84-86 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 14-18 2153171-11 1990 Sequential addition of either IL-4 or IFN-gamma to cultures demonstrated reciprocal cytokine effects on M phi; IL-4 partially inhibited O2-. Superoxides 136-138 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 111-115 2153171-14 1990 Because IL-4 has been reported to inhibit IL-1 production, add-back experiments were performed; addition of IL-1 only partly reconstituted O2-. Superoxides 139-141 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 8-12 2153171-16 1990 Further characterization showed that although M phi protein synthesis was enhanced by both rIFN-gamma and IL-4 treatment, acid phosphatase, a marker of maturation to the macrophage phenotype, was markedly increased at an earlier time point in IL-4-treated M phi, and correlated with a decline in O2-. Superoxides 296-298 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 106-110 2198842-3 1990 We have shown that growth hormone mimics one action of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) by augmenting the production of superoxide anion by macrophages and neutrophils. Superoxides 116-132 growth hormone 1 Homo sapiens 19-33 2154955-6 1990 This indicates that SOD causes the equilibrium between semiquinone and superoxide to shift, resulting in a decrease of the semiquinone concentration. Superoxides 71-81 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 20-23 2198842-3 1990 We have shown that growth hormone mimics one action of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) by augmenting the production of superoxide anion by macrophages and neutrophils. Superoxides 116-132 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 55-71 2198842-3 1990 We have shown that growth hormone mimics one action of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) by augmenting the production of superoxide anion by macrophages and neutrophils. Superoxides 116-132 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 73-82 1963617-3 1990 A decrease in the bleaching rates was observed upon addition of SOD or hydroxyl radical scavengers, showing that the hydrogen peroxide/Ni(II)/glycyl-glycyl-L-histidine system generated superoxide anions as well as hydroxyl radicals. Superoxides 185-202 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 64-67 2110108-3 1990 Just as in the case of cytochrome P450-linked monooxygenations, the role of these enzymes in lipid peroxidation may be to provide two electrons for O2 reduction. Superoxides 148-150 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 23-38 2110108-8 1990 In the latter capacity, reduced cytochrome P450 can be replaced by EDTA--Fe2+ or by the superoxide radical as generated through redox cycling of a quinone such as menadione. Superoxides 88-106 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 32-47 2113027-2 1990 NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase gave a dynamic equilibrium of oxidation-reduction of cytochrome b5 in the presence of menadione (MK), the level of which depended on the concentration of O2 and superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 187-189 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Homo sapiens 0-32 2160416-2 1990 Superoxide (O2) production was measured spectrophotometrically as the superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of cytochrome C. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 116-128 2160416-2 1990 Superoxide (O2) production was measured spectrophotometrically as the superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of cytochrome C. Superoxides 12-14 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 116-128 2175283-5 1990 Superoxide dismutase and catalase decreased the rate of oxygen consumption, thus demonstrating the production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, respectively. Superoxides 113-123 catalase Homo sapiens 25-33 1712001-2 1990 To determine whether NEP regulates SP-induced activation of human neutrophils, we examined the effect of the NEP inhibitor phosphoramidon on SP-induced superoxide generation and chemotaxis in human blood neutrophils. Superoxides 152-162 membrane metalloendopeptidase Homo sapiens 109-112 1712001-2 1990 To determine whether NEP regulates SP-induced activation of human neutrophils, we examined the effect of the NEP inhibitor phosphoramidon on SP-induced superoxide generation and chemotaxis in human blood neutrophils. Superoxides 152-162 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 141-143 1712001-3 1990 SP (10(-6)-10(-4) M) induced superoxide generation and chemotaxis in the neutrophils dose dependently. Superoxides 29-39 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 0-2 1712001-5 1990 Thus, phosphoramidon (10(-6) M) shifted the dose-response curves of SP-induced superoxide generation and chemotaxis of the neutrophils to the left by 0.5-0.6 log. Superoxides 79-89 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 68-70 1966131-0 1990 Production of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide by human neutrophilic granulocytes during chemotactic migration towards f-Met-Leu-Phe, C5a, leukotriene B4, monocyte-derived chemotaxin/IL-8 and platelet-activating factor. Superoxides 14-30 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 140-143 2170242-0 1990 Ethanol-induced iron mobilization: role of acetaldehyde-aldehyde oxidase generated superoxide. Superoxides 83-93 aldehyde oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 56-72 2170242-6 1990 Mobilization of iron due to acetaldehyde metabolism by aldehyde oxidase was completely inhibited by superoxide dismutase but not by catalase suggesting that superoxide radicals mediate mobilization. Superoxides 100-110 aldehyde oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 55-71 1966131-0 1990 Production of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide by human neutrophilic granulocytes during chemotactic migration towards f-Met-Leu-Phe, C5a, leukotriene B4, monocyte-derived chemotaxin/IL-8 and platelet-activating factor. Superoxides 14-30 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 189-193 1966810-0 1990 Tumor necrosis factor alpha "primes" the platelet-activating factor-induced superoxide production by human neutrophils: possible involvement of G proteins. Superoxides 76-86 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-27 1966810-2 1990 We were interested to ascertain whether superoxide generation by human PMN could be amplified by PAF following initial stimulation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and the effect of cholera and pertussis toxin on this process. Superoxides 40-50 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 136-157 1966810-2 1990 We were interested to ascertain whether superoxide generation by human PMN could be amplified by PAF following initial stimulation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and the effect of cholera and pertussis toxin on this process. Superoxides 40-50 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 159-162 1966810-5 1990 The PAF antagonists also decreased by 25% the superoxide production elicited solely by TNF, indicating that TNF-induced superoxide generation is partially mediated by a mechanism involving endogenous PAF. Superoxides 46-56 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 87-90 1966810-5 1990 The PAF antagonists also decreased by 25% the superoxide production elicited solely by TNF, indicating that TNF-induced superoxide generation is partially mediated by a mechanism involving endogenous PAF. Superoxides 46-56 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 108-111 1966810-5 1990 The PAF antagonists also decreased by 25% the superoxide production elicited solely by TNF, indicating that TNF-induced superoxide generation is partially mediated by a mechanism involving endogenous PAF. Superoxides 120-130 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 87-90 1966810-5 1990 The PAF antagonists also decreased by 25% the superoxide production elicited solely by TNF, indicating that TNF-induced superoxide generation is partially mediated by a mechanism involving endogenous PAF. Superoxides 120-130 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 108-111 1966810-6 1990 Pretreatment of the PMN with pertussis or cholera toxin reduced the amplification of superoxide production induced by PAF in TNF-stimulated PMN, implicating pertussis and cholera toxin-sensitive G-proteins in the amplification process. Superoxides 85-95 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 125-128 2152941-2 1990 Pertussis toxin was shown to inhibit FMLP-induced superoxide generation in parallel with an inhibition of protein kinase C translocation. Superoxides 50-60 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 2152941-4 1990 In that superoxide generation and protein kinase C translocation were inhibited in parallel, it is concluded that a G-protein-dependent cascade is involved in the FMLP-induced activation of protein kinase C, and this cascade may be equivalent to the pathway inducing superoxide generation. Superoxides 8-18 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 163-167 2152941-4 1990 In that superoxide generation and protein kinase C translocation were inhibited in parallel, it is concluded that a G-protein-dependent cascade is involved in the FMLP-induced activation of protein kinase C, and this cascade may be equivalent to the pathway inducing superoxide generation. Superoxides 267-277 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 163-167 2319907-0 1990 Prostaglandin D2 modulates human neutrophil intracellular calcium flux and inhibits superoxide release via its ring carbonyl. Superoxides 84-94 prostaglandin D2 synthase Homo sapiens 0-16 2166208-2 1990 The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the role of CD11b/CD18 membrane glycoproteins on superoxide release from granulocytes. Superoxides 95-105 integrin subunit beta 2 Homo sapiens 64-68 33761612-0 2021 Concentration/activity of superoxide dismutase isozymes and the pro-/antioxidative status, in context of type 2 diabetes and selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (genes: INS, SOD1, SOD2, SOD3) - Preliminary findings. Superoxides 26-36 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 179-183 2107536-11 1990 The cloned product interferon gamma has been reported to improve superoxide generation, bactericidal activity, and immunoreactive cytochrome b in some CGD neutrophils and monocytes, both in vitro and in vivo. Superoxides 65-75 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 19-35 33798828-2 2021 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase are among the key enzymes that maintain the low nanomolar physiological concentrations of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 161-171 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 33798828-2 2021 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase are among the key enzymes that maintain the low nanomolar physiological concentrations of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 161-171 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 33798828-2 2021 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase are among the key enzymes that maintain the low nanomolar physiological concentrations of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 161-171 catalase Homo sapiens 28-36 33798828-2 2021 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase are among the key enzymes that maintain the low nanomolar physiological concentrations of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 161-171 catalase Homo sapiens 38-41 33761612-4 2021 Previously, we have observed that the plasma concentration/activity of superoxide dismutase isozymes differs in the context of obesity and/or rs2234694 (SOD1) and rs4880 (SOD2) and that the concentrations of SOD1, SOD2, SOD3 are correlated with each other. Superoxides 71-81 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 153-157 33761612-4 2021 Previously, we have observed that the plasma concentration/activity of superoxide dismutase isozymes differs in the context of obesity and/or rs2234694 (SOD1) and rs4880 (SOD2) and that the concentrations of SOD1, SOD2, SOD3 are correlated with each other. Superoxides 71-81 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 208-212 33761612-4 2021 Previously, we have observed that the plasma concentration/activity of superoxide dismutase isozymes differs in the context of obesity and/or rs2234694 (SOD1) and rs4880 (SOD2) and that the concentrations of SOD1, SOD2, SOD3 are correlated with each other. Superoxides 71-81 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 220-224 33761612-6 2021 In this study, the variability of concentration/activity of superoxide dismutase isozymes in plasma is considered in the context of type 2 diabetes and/or SNPs: rs2234694 (SOD1), rs5746105 (SOD2), rs4880 (SOD2), rs927450 (SOD2), rs8192287 (SOD3). Superoxides 60-70 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 172-176 33761612-6 2021 In this study, the variability of concentration/activity of superoxide dismutase isozymes in plasma is considered in the context of type 2 diabetes and/or SNPs: rs2234694 (SOD1), rs5746105 (SOD2), rs4880 (SOD2), rs927450 (SOD2), rs8192287 (SOD3). Superoxides 60-70 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 240-244 33771701-2 2021 Increased levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) stimulate Nrf2 signaling, enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Superoxides 140-150 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 60-64 33774064-3 2021 In this study, the effect of cadmium on SOD1, a CuZn metalloenzyme catalyzing superoxide conversion into hydrogen peroxide, has been investigated in three different biological models. Superoxides 78-88 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 40-44 33805584-2 2021 We previously reported that intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide accumulation caused by cytoplasmic SOD (SOD1) or mitochondrial SOD (SOD2) insufficiency, induced p53 activation in cells. Superoxides 83-93 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 134-138 33805584-2 2021 We previously reported that intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide accumulation caused by cytoplasmic SOD (SOD1) or mitochondrial SOD (SOD2) insufficiency, induced p53 activation in cells. Superoxides 83-93 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 162-166 33804845-8 2021 Suppression of NOX activity by apocynin or elimination of superoxide by superoxide dismutase decreased TNFalpha expression, which was induced by the AhR ligand. Superoxides 58-68 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 103-111 33804845-8 2021 Suppression of NOX activity by apocynin or elimination of superoxide by superoxide dismutase decreased TNFalpha expression, which was induced by the AhR ligand. Superoxides 58-68 aryl-hydrocarbon receptor Mus musculus 149-152 33809405-7 2021 The drug strongly attenuated the rise in vascular oxidative stress (superoxide anion) induced by AngII, and decreased the expression of inflammatory markers, as well as the recruitment of macrophages (MAC3+), lymphocytes (CD3+), and neutrophils (ELANE+) into the vessel wall. Superoxides 68-84 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 97-102 33809716-1 2021 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an enzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of two superoxide anions (O2 -) into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxygen (O2) and is generally known to protect against oxidative stress. Superoxides 78-95 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 22-25 33799869-14 2021 The reduction of serum levels of high-sensitive cardiac troponin T hs cTnT and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), then significantly decreased levels of serum homocysteine Hcy, urea, and creatinine, and decreased levels of myocardial injury enzymes activities superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) as well as lower grades of cardiac ischemic changes were demonstrated in ISO-induced MI treated with 4"-ClDzp. Superoxides 266-276 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 108-117 33233182-4 2020 Moreover, the relative expression of critical genes including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase involved in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased, resulting in enhanced antioxidant capacity in wounded broccoli. Superoxides 62-72 catalase Homo sapiens 96-104 34784723-8 2022 Using this model, pretreatment of aortic rings with inhibitors, receptor agonists/antagonists, or removal of the endothelium, systematically uncovered an endothelium-mediated, Ang II receptor-2-mediated and superoxide-mediated enhancing effect of 12(S)-HETE on Ang II constrictions. Superoxides 207-217 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 261-267 10860831-0 2000 Plant rac proteins induce superoxide production in mammalian cells. Superoxides 26-36 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 6-9 10860831-2 2000 In mammalian cells, Rac induces the activation of NADPH oxidase leading to superoxide production. Superoxides 75-85 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 20-23 10860831-5 2000 We hypothesized that these plant Rac proteins could function as their mammalian counterpart and activate an enzymatic complex that leads to superoxide production. Superoxides 140-150 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 33-36 10860831-6 2000 Here, we show that like human Rac1, activated Zea mays Rac genes can induce superoxide production, when expressed in a mammalian system: NIH 3T3 cells. Superoxides 76-86 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 30-33 24578389-12 2015 Reactive oxygen species excess, via NAD(P)H oxidase activation, induces the endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling, which in turn generates superoxide and impairs NO production. Superoxides 146-156 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 76-109 19015977-3 2009 Ligand binding to LacCer activates Lyn, resulting in neutrophil functions, such as superoxide generation and migration. Superoxides 83-93 LYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 35-38 18278872-11 2008 Our results show that CBS may represent a previously unrecognized source of cytosolic superoxide radical. Superoxides 86-104 cystathionine beta-synthase Homo sapiens 22-25 12149231-8 2002 Collectively, these data suggest that neutrophils are characterized by the presence of cell surface LacCer-enriched glycosphingolipid signaling domain coupled with Lyn and that the ligand binding to LacCer induces the activation of Lyn, which may be suppressibly regulated by cholesterol, leading to superoxide generation through the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase-, p38 MAPK-, and protein kinase C-dependent signal transduction pathway. Superoxides 300-310 LYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 232-235 34730055-7 2022 Results: CCl4- increased serum kidney function parameters, malondialdehyde level, inflammatory cytokines, and nephrotoxicity markers, while decreased certain oxidative stress indices as superoxide dismutase and glutathione refereeing to the control group (p < 0.0001). Superoxides 186-196 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 9-13 34775001-2 2022 There is a growing body of evidence from both pre-clinical studies and human cohorts indicating that reactive oxygen species, such as the superoxide radical anion and hydrogen peroxide are key players in the development of insulin resistance. Superoxides 138-162 insulin Homo sapiens 223-230 34954022-6 2022 Here we showed that after an initial decrease in oxygen consumption paralleled by a moderate increase in superoxide anion levels, AntiOxCIN4 led to a time-dependent Nrf2 translocation to the nucleus. Superoxides 105-121 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 165-169 34968705-0 2022 Mitochondrial superoxide targets energy metabolism to modulate epigenetic regulation of NRF2-mediated transcription. Superoxides 14-24 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 88-92 34617335-2 2022 We report herein an enzyme therapeutic based on superoxide dismutase and catalase for effective mitigation of IRI and pathogen-induced liver injury, affording provides a therapeutic for organ transplantation and other diseases. Superoxides 48-58 catalase Homo sapiens 73-81 34917185-2 2022 Elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), a major pro-inflammatory cytokine, are involved in endothelial cell activation of medium and large arteries, leading to increased endothelial permeability, generation of superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide, and decreased availability of nitric oxide (NO). Superoxides 230-254 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 19-46 34917185-2 2022 Elevated levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), a major pro-inflammatory cytokine, are involved in endothelial cell activation of medium and large arteries, leading to increased endothelial permeability, generation of superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide, and decreased availability of nitric oxide (NO). Superoxides 230-254 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 48-57 34826531-6 2022 Meanwhile, Au NS exhibited enhanced ROS scavenging efficiency of hydrogen peroxides and superoxide, which was helpful to restrain the activity of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors beta (PPARbeta) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), thereby reducing HSCs proliferation to enhance HSCs inactivation efficacy. Superoxides 88-98 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 211-234 34826531-6 2022 Meanwhile, Au NS exhibited enhanced ROS scavenging efficiency of hydrogen peroxides and superoxide, which was helpful to restrain the activity of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors beta (PPARbeta) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), thereby reducing HSCs proliferation to enhance HSCs inactivation efficacy. Superoxides 88-98 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 236-239 34784723-14 2022 12(S)-HETE, acting on the BLT2, contributes to the hypertensive action of Ang II in part by promoting endothelial synthesis of a superoxide-derived TP agonist. Superoxides 129-139 leukotriene B4 receptor 2 Mus musculus 26-30 34784723-14 2022 12(S)-HETE, acting on the BLT2, contributes to the hypertensive action of Ang II in part by promoting endothelial synthesis of a superoxide-derived TP agonist. Superoxides 129-139 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 74-80 34958560-5 2021 Furthermore, HSA-Mn3O4 effectively releases Mn ions and promotes the increase of superoxide dismutase 2 activity. Superoxides 81-91 albumin Homo sapiens 13-16 34946608-5 2021 The results from brain-to-body weight ratio, morphology, lipid peroxidation, brain urea, ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione, sodium, and enzyme alterations (aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), catalase, and superoxide dismutase) suggested alterations by CCL4 and a significant reversal of these parameters by quercetin. Superoxides 237-247 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 284-288 34930834-5 2021 Stopped-flow experiments confirmed that Cygb rapidly dismutates superoxide with rates within an order of magnitude of Cu,Zn-SOD or Mn-SOD. Superoxides 64-74 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 118-127 34824234-1 2021 The activity of nanomaterials (NMs) in catalytically scavenging superoxide anions mimics that of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 64-81 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 97-117 34824234-1 2021 The activity of nanomaterials (NMs) in catalytically scavenging superoxide anions mimics that of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 64-81 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 119-122 25634994-2 2015 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) is an antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide in the extracellular environment. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 36-41 25634994-8 2015 Overexpression of EcSOD in PDA cell lines resulted in decreased invasiveness that appeared to be related to reactions of superoxide with nitric oxide. Superoxides 121-131 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 18-23 25634994-10 2015 Overexpression of EcSOD or treatment with a superoxide-specific SOD mimic caused significant decreases in PDA cell invasive capacity. Superoxides 44-54 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 18-23 25634994-11 2015 CONCLUSIONS: These results support the hypothesis that loss of EcSOD leads to increased reactions of superoxide with nitric oxide, which contributes to the invasive phenotype. Superoxides 101-111 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 63-68 34881324-5 2021 Superoxide anion (O2 -) production was determined from the rate of reduction of cytochrome c. Superoxides 0-16 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 80-92 34467607-13 2021 Nuclear translocation of Nrf2 results in transactivation of antioxidant enzymes including glutathione peroxidase, hemeoxygenase-1, and superoxide dismutase in gestational cells during pregnancy. Superoxides 135-145 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 25-29 34517018-8 2021 High levels of the phosphorylated monomeric superoxide anion-generating endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, decreased soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activity, and high levels of 3-nitrotyrosine were observed in HCM. Superoxides 44-60 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 72-105 34517018-8 2021 High levels of the phosphorylated monomeric superoxide anion-generating endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, decreased soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) activity, and high levels of 3-nitrotyrosine were observed in HCM. Superoxides 44-60 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 107-111 34618923-5 2021 ZmNAC49 enhances oxidative stress tolerance in maize, and it also reduces superoxide anion generation and increases superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Superoxides 74-90 NAC domain-containing protein 2 Zea mays 0-7 34638028-3 2021 Herein we focus on two enzymes that are key to the biosynthesis of superoxide and nitric oxide, NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), respectively. Superoxides 67-77 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 123-156 34638028-3 2021 Herein we focus on two enzymes that are key to the biosynthesis of superoxide and nitric oxide, NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), respectively. Superoxides 67-77 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 158-162 34899284-5 2021 CCl4 induced a downregulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and melonaldehyde (MDA). Superoxides 33-43 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 34829655-5 2021 Results showed that Ang II increased superoxide and Iba-1 (microgliosis marker: ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule (1) levels in the NTS of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Superoxides 37-47 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 20-26 34829655-6 2021 The AT1R II inhibitor, losartan, significantly decreased BP and abolished superoxide, Iba-1, TLR4 expression induced by Ang II. Superoxides 74-84 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 120-126 34829655-9 2021 These results imply an important link between neurotoxicity and superoxides wherein abnormal increases in NTS endogenous mu-opioids promote the interaction between Ang II and muOR, the binding of Ang II to AT1R, and the activation of microglia. Superoxides 64-75 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 164-170 34829635-2 2021 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), a key antioxidant enzyme involved in the detoxification of superoxide radicals, could represent a reliable marker to monitor the antioxidant defences in OSA. Superoxides 87-97 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 34829635-2 2021 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), a key antioxidant enzyme involved in the detoxification of superoxide radicals, could represent a reliable marker to monitor the antioxidant defences in OSA. Superoxides 87-97 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 34769076-5 2021 SEPHS1 deficiency in 2H11 cells resulted in the accumulation of superoxide and lipid peroxide, and reduction in nitric oxide. Superoxides 64-74 selenophosphate synthetase 1 Mus musculus 0-6 34702513-7 2021 In addition, we design the first platform that combines NO-generating and superoxide radical scavenging properties by encapsulating a natural enzyme, superoxidase dismutase (SOD), into ZnO/ZIF-8 particles, which holds great promise towards combinatorial therapy. Superoxides 74-92 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 150-172 34702513-7 2021 In addition, we design the first platform that combines NO-generating and superoxide radical scavenging properties by encapsulating a natural enzyme, superoxidase dismutase (SOD), into ZnO/ZIF-8 particles, which holds great promise towards combinatorial therapy. Superoxides 74-92 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 174-177 34801863-3 2021 Here, we demonstrate that moderate mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production oxidates KEAP1, thus breaking the interaction between this protein and PGAM5, leading to the inhibition of its proteasomal degradation. Superoxides 49-59 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 102-107 34801863-7 2021 Together, our results show that KEAP1/PGAM5 complex senses mitochondrially generated superoxide/hydrogen peroxide to induce mitophagy. Superoxides 85-95 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 32-37 34790195-5 2021 Furthermore, loss of Nlrx1 results in a diminished ability to generate superoxide and/or generic reactive oxygen species during specific responses to fungal PAMPs, conidia, and hyphae. Superoxides 71-81 NLR family member X1 Homo sapiens 21-26 34770929-5 2021 Additionally, the antioxidant action was quantified through the superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, using a protocol based on the inhibitory effect of SOD on the reduction of nitrobluetetrazolium (NBT) by the superoxide anion generated by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system. Superoxides 215-231 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 64-84 34770929-5 2021 Additionally, the antioxidant action was quantified through the superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, using a protocol based on the inhibitory effect of SOD on the reduction of nitrobluetetrazolium (NBT) by the superoxide anion generated by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system. Superoxides 215-231 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 86-89 34769076-6 2021 Superoxide accumulation in Sephs1-knockout 2H11 cells is due to the induction of xanthine oxidase and NADPH oxidase activity, and due to the decrease in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and 3 (SOD3). Superoxides 0-10 selenophosphate synthetase 1 Mus musculus 27-33 34770929-5 2021 Additionally, the antioxidant action was quantified through the superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity, using a protocol based on the inhibitory effect of SOD on the reduction of nitrobluetetrazolium (NBT) by the superoxide anion generated by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system. Superoxides 215-231 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 157-160 34769076-6 2021 Superoxide accumulation in Sephs1-knockout 2H11 cells is due to the induction of xanthine oxidase and NADPH oxidase activity, and due to the decrease in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and 3 (SOD3). Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 153-175 34769076-6 2021 Superoxide accumulation in Sephs1-knockout 2H11 cells is due to the induction of xanthine oxidase and NADPH oxidase activity, and due to the decrease in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and 3 (SOD3). Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 177-181 34769076-10 2021 This study shows for the first time that superoxide was accumulated by SEPHS1 deficiency, leading to cell dysfunction through DNA damage and inhibition of cell proliferation. Superoxides 41-51 selenophosphate synthetase 1 Mus musculus 71-77 34639006-7 2021 Using gene co-expression and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses, we identified complex I subunits NDUFS6 and NDUFA11 as RORalpha targets that mediated its function in suppressing superoxide generation in mitochondria. Superoxides 190-200 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit S6 Homo sapiens 109-115 34721028-6 2021 Treatment with the extract (12.5, 25, and 50 mug/ml) prevented Ang II-induced increases in cell size, NADPH oxidase activity, B-type natriuretic peptide levels, and reactive oxygen species and reductions in superoxide dismutase activity. Superoxides 207-217 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 63-69 34638478-6 2021 Consistently, in high miR-27a-/low FOXJ3-expressing cells, mitochondria are functionally characterized by lower superoxide production, respiration capacity, and membrane potential, as evaluated by OCR assays and confocal microscopy. Superoxides 112-122 forkhead box J3 Mus musculus 35-40 34608922-6 2021 This, resulted in the inhibition of the TLR4-NF-kappaB pathway in the peritoneum of DN mice by regulating inflammation, while stimulating the production of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reducing the production of cytokine (IL-6, TNF-alpha) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Superoxides 156-166 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 40-44 34608922-6 2021 This, resulted in the inhibition of the TLR4-NF-kappaB pathway in the peritoneum of DN mice by regulating inflammation, while stimulating the production of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reducing the production of cytokine (IL-6, TNF-alpha) and malondialdehyde (MDA). Superoxides 156-166 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 45-54 34646422-10 2021 Meanwhile, beta3-AR stimulation inhibited superoxide anion production and decreased NADPH oxidase activity. Superoxides 42-58 cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 3 Mus musculus 11-16 34768798-8 2021 alpha-TC accumulating plants produced more methylated proline- and glycine- betaines, and showed greater activity of superoxide dismutase than gamma-TC deficient plants. Superoxides 117-127 centroradiali Arabidopsis thaliana 0-8 34768760-5 2021 We demonstrated that the expression of antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutases SOD1 and SOD2) were elevated in EAE rat brains. Superoxides 62-72 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 84-88 34737697-8 2021 The protective effects of SFI in the SOD1-G93A mice were associated with decreasing the level of malondialdehyde (p < 0.05) and increasing the levels of superoxide dismutase (p < 0.05), Nrf2 (p < 0.05), heme oxygenase-1 (p < 0.05), and glutathione S-transferase (p < 0.05) in the SOD1-G93A mice. Superoxides 153-163 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 37-41 34733852-5 2021 The PGC1a-driven metabolic adaptations with increased electron transport chain activity and superoxide levels are essential for metastasis in several cancer models. Superoxides 92-102 PPARG coactivator 1 alpha Homo sapiens 4-9 34387320-7 2021 SP also reduced CCl4-induced oxidative stress by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase and glutathione content, and inhibiting lipid peroxidation products and nitric oxide levels in the rat liver. Superoxides 131-141 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 16-20 34440932-3 2021 COL-3"s inhibitory effects on TNF-alpha were reproduced by the tetracycline antibiotic doxycycline (DOX; 50 microM), the glucocorticoid dexamethasone, and apocynin (APO), an inhibitor of the superoxide-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 191-201 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 30-39 34478853-8 2021 Furthermore, superoxide anion promoted ET-1-mediated pulmonary artery contraction. Superoxides 13-29 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 39-43 34552579-8 2021 Meanwhile, MIF ingestion reduced (p < 0.05) the colonic interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) concentrations and increased the superoxide dismutase and catalase activities and Shannon and Simpson indices in DSS-challenged mice. Superoxides 193-203 macrophage migration inhibitory factor (glycosylation-inhibiting factor) Mus musculus 11-14 34144024-4 2021 Briefly, epsilon-viniferin specifically inhibited fMLP (0.1 muM: formyl peptide receptor 1 agonist or 1 muM: formyl peptide receptor 1, 2 agonist)-induced superoxide anion production in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50=2.30+-0.96 or 9.80+-0.21 muM, respectively) without affecting this induced by formyl peptide receptor 2 agonist (WKYMVM). Superoxides 155-171 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 65-90 34144024-4 2021 Briefly, epsilon-viniferin specifically inhibited fMLP (0.1 muM: formyl peptide receptor 1 agonist or 1 muM: formyl peptide receptor 1, 2 agonist)-induced superoxide anion production in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50=2.30+-0.96 or 9.80+-0.21 muM, respectively) without affecting this induced by formyl peptide receptor 2 agonist (WKYMVM). Superoxides 155-171 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 109-134 34144024-9 2021 ATPgammaS induced superoxide anion production through formyl peptide receptor 1 in fMLP desensitized neutrophils and this effect was inhibited by epsilon-viniferin. Superoxides 18-34 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 54-79 34380313-6 2021 In the presence of stronger acids, the activity of the complex containing pendent relays becomes O2 dependent, implying a shift to Co(III)-superoxide protonation as the rate-determining step. Superoxides 139-149 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III Homo sapiens 131-138 34380313-8 2021 EPR spectroscopic studies indicate the formation of Co(III)-superoxide species in the presence of exogenous base, with greater O2 reactivity observed in the presence of the pendent -OMe groups. Superoxides 60-70 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III Homo sapiens 52-59 34596045-5 2021 Moreover, decrease in lipid peroxides by glutathione peroxidase-4 or superoxide by mitochondrial SOD, failed to influence HIF1alpha protein stability. Superoxides 69-79 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 97-100 34502464-3 2021 Dysfunctional endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) produces superoxide anion (O2- ) and contributes to the establishment of a pro-oxidant environment in melanoma. Superoxides 64-80 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 14-47 34502464-3 2021 Dysfunctional endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) produces superoxide anion (O2- ) and contributes to the establishment of a pro-oxidant environment in melanoma. Superoxides 64-80 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 49-53 34270373-6 2021 Furthermore, Ang II-induced increased levels of superoxide anion (O2-) and NADPH oxidase activity and increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and AKT that are implicated in enhanced expression of Gialpha proteins and hyperproliferation of VSMC were also attenuated to control levels by silencing of Sirt1. Superoxides 48-64 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 13-19 34572316-7 2021 We also showed that PiB inhibited TNFalpha + fMLP-induced superoxide production, confirming the effect of juglone. Superoxides 58-68 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 34-42 34572316-7 2021 We also showed that PiB inhibited TNFalpha + fMLP-induced superoxide production, confirming the effect of juglone. Superoxides 58-68 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 45-49 34183377-0 2021 The inactivation of human aldehyde oxidase 1 by hydrogen peroxide and superoxide. Superoxides 70-80 aldehyde oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 26-44 34183377-5 2021 Since hAOX1 and in particular some natural variants not only produce H2O2, but also high amounts of superoxide, we investigated the effect of both ROS molecules on the enzymatic activity of hAOX1 in more detail. Superoxides 100-110 aldehyde oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 6-11 34183377-5 2021 Since hAOX1 and in particular some natural variants not only produce H2O2, but also high amounts of superoxide, we investigated the effect of both ROS molecules on the enzymatic activity of hAOX1 in more detail. Superoxides 100-110 aldehyde oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 190-195 34183377-7 2021 We show that the inactivation of the hAOX1 wild type enzyme is mainly based on the production of hydrogen peroxide, while for the variant L438V both hydrogen peroxide and superoxide contribute to the time-dependent inactivation of the enzyme during turnover. Superoxides 171-181 aldehyde oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 37-42 34497345-7 2021 Further analysis revealed that TAZ might restore mitochondrial function, as indicated by the increase in ATP level, mtDNA copy number and mitochondrial membrane potential with the reduction in mitochondrial superoxide. Superoxides 207-217 tafazzin, phospholipid-lysophospholipid transacylase Homo sapiens 31-34 34197898-6 2021 Furthermore, metformin upregulated PGC-1alpha, the master regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis and key antioxidant molecules, including glutathione and superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 153-163 PPARG coactivator 1 alpha Homo sapiens 35-45 34330026-4 2021 The mechanism of SPC activation by CuFeS2 was elucidated, which was discovered to be a multiple reactive oxygen species (multi-ROS) process with the coexistence of hydroxyl radical ( OH), carbonate radical (CO3 -), superoxide radical (O2 -), and singlet oxygen (1O2), as evidenced by quenching experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) tests. Superoxides 215-233 surfactant protein C Homo sapiens 17-20 34572995-6 2021 In WT hearts, AngII infusion increased significantly the levels of superoxide production, the expressions of Nox subunits, the expression of PKCalpha and C-Src and the activation of ASK1 (apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1), MKK3/6, ERK1/2, p38 MAPK and JNK signalling pathways together with an elevated expression of apoptotic markers, i.e., gammaH2AX and p53 in the cardiomyocytes. Superoxides 67-77 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 14-19 34077894-6 2021 The Ang II-induced increases in superoxide generation, inflammation and apoptosis in cultured CFs were strikingly prevented by lutein. Superoxides 32-42 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 4-10 34197940-4 2021 miR-210-5p overexpression suppressed Sp1 and HSCARG expression, and the knockdown of SP1 and HSCARG inhibited NOX expression and superoxide production in macrophages. Superoxides 129-139 NmrA like redox sensor 1 Homo sapiens 93-99 34439319-1 2021 Treatment of cancers with beta-lapachone causes NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) to generate an unstable hydroquinone that regenerates itself in a futile cycle while producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the form of superoxide and subsequently hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 229-239 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 48-81 34439319-1 2021 Treatment of cancers with beta-lapachone causes NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) to generate an unstable hydroquinone that regenerates itself in a futile cycle while producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the form of superoxide and subsequently hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 229-239 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 83-87 33433488-5 2021 The inhibition of P2X7R, using A438079 (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal), reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2) expression and malondialdehyde generation, increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione/oxidized glutathione levels, and alleviated neurological damage, brain edema, and apoptosis after intracellular hemorrhage. Superoxides 191-201 purinergic receptor P2X, ligand-gated ion channel, 7 Mus musculus 18-23 34439484-2 2021 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) is an enzyme that processes superoxide radicals and has been shown to facilitate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nitric oxide (NO) signaling in vascular endothelium. Superoxides 70-80 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 36-40 34440716-2 2021 The reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH oxidase, NOX) is the source of superoxide and relates to the crucial intracellular pathology and physiology of vascular smooth muscle cells, including contraction, proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammatory response. Superoxides 110-120 dual oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 20-71 34439467-4 2021 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) is an antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide anion (O2-) in the extracellular environment. Superoxides 102-118 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 0-34 34439467-4 2021 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) is an antioxidant enzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide anion (O2-) in the extracellular environment. Superoxides 102-118 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 36-41 34320345-7 2021 In macrophages, oxalate induces mitochondrial dysfunction and superoxide accumulation, leading to increased CCL5. Superoxides 62-72 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 5 Mus musculus 108-112 34320345-8 2021 Conversely, AGXT overexpression in Apoe-/- mice increases the glycine/oxalate ratio and decreases aortic superoxide, CCL5, and atherosclerosis. Superoxides 105-115 alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase Mus musculus 12-16 34320345-8 2021 Conversely, AGXT overexpression in Apoe-/- mice increases the glycine/oxalate ratio and decreases aortic superoxide, CCL5, and atherosclerosis. Superoxides 105-115 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 35-39 34294688-8 2021 In addition, expressing mitochondria-targeted ER-beta in breast cancer cells resulted in decreased mitochondrial respiration alongside increased total ROS and mitochondrial superoxide production. Superoxides 173-183 estrogen receptor 1 Homo sapiens 46-53 34436247-2 2021 Among the isolated compounds, compounds 2-3 remarkably suppressed fMLP-induced superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils, with IC50 values of 31.68 +- 2.53, and 33.52 +- 0.42 muM, respectively. Superoxides 79-95 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 66-70 34356358-0 2021 Quercetin Alleviates the Accumulation of Superoxide in Sodium Iodate-Induced Retinal Autophagy by Regulating Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis through Enhanced Deacetyl-SOD2 via the Nrf2-PGC-1alpha-Sirt1 Pathway. Superoxides 41-51 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 185-189 34196493-3 2021 Herein, a biocompatible -Cu-O-Zn- bimetallic covalent doped carbon dots (CuZn-CDs) processing both catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase activities are reported, mainly because of their abundant electrons and the excellent electron transfer abilities. Superoxides 118-128 catalase Homo sapiens 99-107 34196493-3 2021 Herein, a biocompatible -Cu-O-Zn- bimetallic covalent doped carbon dots (CuZn-CDs) processing both catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase activities are reported, mainly because of their abundant electrons and the excellent electron transfer abilities. Superoxides 118-128 catalase Homo sapiens 109-112 34266485-1 2021 BACKGROUND: Superoxide dismutase (SOD), a central component of the antioxidant defence system of most organisms, removes excess superoxide anions by converting them to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 128-145 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 34-37 34356358-0 2021 Quercetin Alleviates the Accumulation of Superoxide in Sodium Iodate-Induced Retinal Autophagy by Regulating Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis through Enhanced Deacetyl-SOD2 via the Nrf2-PGC-1alpha-Sirt1 Pathway. Superoxides 41-51 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 198-202 34356605-7 2021 What is particularly important is the fact that hypoxia contributes to the depletion of cofactor BH4 and deficiency of substrate L-Arg, and thus elicits eNOS uncoupling-a state in which the enzyme produces superoxide instead of NO. Superoxides 206-216 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 153-157 34089389-7 2021 The levels of NADPH oxidase (Nox) activity, superoxide anions and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were increased, and the level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was reduced in Ang II-treated CFs, which were reversed by alarin. Superoxides 44-61 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 179-185 34825014-0 2021 Etching of AuNPs Through Superoxide Radical Dismutation by Cu-Zn Superoxide Dismutase Resulted in Remarkable Changes of its Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance. Superoxides 25-35 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 59-85 34825014-2 2021 The primary function of SOD is the removal of produced radical species like superoxide ions in different physiological processes. Superoxides 76-86 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 24-27 34825014-10 2021 Results: Superoxide radicals generated from the enzymatic reaction would preferentially etch AuNPs and resulted in remarkable changes of localized surface plasmon resonance of AuNPs, which is reduced in the presence of SOD. Superoxides 9-19 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 219-222 34825014-13 2021 According to the presented result, it may be concluded that by scavenging of free superoxide radicals in the presence of SOD, the amount of AuNP absorbance can be replenished. Superoxides 82-92 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 121-124 34178992-6 2021 Mitochondrial activity generates reactive oxygen species, and, with APOE4, there were higher mitochondrial superoxide levels, lower levels of antioxidants related to heme and glutathione and higher markers/outcomes of oxidative damage to proteins and lipids. Superoxides 107-117 apolipoprotein E Homo sapiens 68-73 34176927-1 2021 Previous studies demonstrated that superoxide could initiate and amplify LDH-catalyzed hydrogen peroxide production in aqueous phase, but its physiological relevance is unknown. Superoxides 35-45 lactate dehydrogenase A Homo sapiens 73-76 34176927-2 2021 Here we showed that LDHA and LDHB both exhibited hydrogen peroxide-producing activity, which was significantly enhanced by the superoxide generated from the isolated mitochondria from HeLa cells and patients" cholangiocarcinoma specimen. Superoxides 127-137 lactate dehydrogenase A Homo sapiens 20-24 34163154-4 2021 Furthermore, we determined the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) and superoxide anion radical. Superoxides 43-53 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 65-70 34209813-7 2021 The effects on oxidative stress and interleukin-6 (IL-6) expression were assessed in ATDC5 cells using superoxide measurement, qPCR, ELISA, and Western blotting. Superoxides 103-113 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 51-55 34064664-7 2021 Exposure to Ang II increased cell surface area, intracellular superoxide anion level, NADPH oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase activities, and reduced cellular superoxide dismutase activity and nitrite level, which were similarly reversed by both rutin and quercetin. Superoxides 62-78 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 12-18 34163574-4 2021 One of the important functions of PARP-1 and PARylation is its deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair function, which plays a pivotal role in the DNA damage response and prevention of DNA damage maintaining the redox homeostasis involved in the regulation of oxidation and superoxide. Superoxides 269-279 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 34-40 34199863-8 2021 Our results indeed indicated higher superoxide levels in Arsa-/- TGCs, compared with WT TGCs. Superoxides 36-46 arylsulfatase A Mus musculus 57-61 34177153-6 2021 Higher gene expression and enzyme activities were exhibited by superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase besides the gene expression of trehalose biosynthetic pathway enzymes. Superoxides 63-73 peroxidase 1 Zea mays 98-108 34071003-1 2021 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a major antioxidant enzyme for superoxide removal, and cytoplasmic SOD (SOD1) is expressed as a predominant isoform in all cells. Superoxides 61-71 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 22-25 34064664-7 2021 Exposure to Ang II increased cell surface area, intracellular superoxide anion level, NADPH oxidase and inducible nitric oxide synthase activities, and reduced cellular superoxide dismutase activity and nitrite level, which were similarly reversed by both rutin and quercetin. Superoxides 169-179 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 12-18 34164520-14 2021 We detected that NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1), a superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase, is negatively regulated by Fbxw7. Superoxides 43-53 F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7 Homo sapiens 107-112 34069420-11 2021 Therefore, we infer that ablation of Selenbp1 elicits oxidative stress caused by increased levels of superoxide anions, which alters lipid metabolism via the Pparalpha pathway. Superoxides 101-118 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha Mus musculus 158-167 35405255-9 2022 In addition, specific enzyme reaction tests were used to detect the content of acetylcholine (ACh) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), monoamine oxidase (MAO) in the brain. Superoxides 249-259 butyrylcholinesterase Mus musculus 184-205 35487118-8 2022 Our results showed that the overexpression of miR-542-3p in GCEECs transfected with miR-542-3p mimics resulted in decreased (P < 0.05) antioxidant enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Superoxides 168-178 catalase Capra hircus 209-212 35569521-0 2022 Larixol inhibits fMLP-induced superoxide anion production and chemotaxis by targeting the betagamma subunit of Gi-protein of fMLP receptor in human neutrophils. Superoxides 30-46 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 17-21 35569521-5 2022 Briefly, larixol inhibited fMLP (0.1 muM)-induced superoxide anion production (IC50:1.98 +- 0.14 muM), the release of cathepsin G (IC50:2.76 +- 0.15 muM) and chemotaxis in a concentration-dependent manner; however, larixol did not inhibit these functions induced by PMA (100 nM). Superoxides 50-66 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 27-31 35569521-12 2022 These results suggest that larixol modulated fMLP-induced neutrophils superoxide anion production, chemotaxis, and granular releases by interrupting the interaction of the betagamma subunits of Gi-protein with downstream signaling of the fMLP receptor. Superoxides 70-86 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 45-49 35525311-5 2022 Moreover, it can upregulate the phosphorylation level of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in mice immunosuppressed by CY, increase the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and decrease the level of malondialdehyde (MDA). Superoxides 217-227 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 62-65 35238901-6 2022 We observed that Gclm-/- oocytes have increased oxidative stress, primarily in the form of mitochondrial superoxide and decreased subcortical mitochondrial clusters. Superoxides 105-115 glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit Homo sapiens 17-21 35609009-3 2022 CGA antioxidant effects mediated through the Nrf2-heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway were shown to enhance the levels of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferases, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase as well as glutathione content. Superoxides 149-159 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 45-49 35114419-8 2022 Furthermore, cardiac-specific AC4 gene expression attenuated mitochondrial dysfunction, superoxide accumulation and cardiomyocyte apoptotic cell death. Superoxides 88-98 adenylate cyclase 4 Homo sapiens 30-33 35114419-11 2022 In conclusion, cardiac-specific AC4 gene expression protects against Klotho deficiency-induced heart failure through increasing cardiomyocytic cAMP levels, which alleviates cAMP-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction, superoxide accumulation and apoptotic cell death. Superoxides 215-225 adenylate cyclase 4 Homo sapiens 32-35 35114419-12 2022 AC4 regulates superoxide levels via the cAMP-PKA pathway. Superoxides 14-24 adenylate cyclase 4 Homo sapiens 0-3 35339753-6 2022 LPS + IFNgamma stimuli reduced superoxide anion levels by accelerating its conversion into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) while IL4+IL13 decreased H2O2 release rates. Superoxides 31-47 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 6-14 35339753-6 2022 LPS + IFNgamma stimuli reduced superoxide anion levels by accelerating its conversion into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) while IL4+IL13 decreased H2O2 release rates. Superoxides 31-47 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 122-125 35543349-5 2022 Besides, alcohol-induced oxidative stress in the liver was significantly ameliorated by the dietary intervention of GAA through decreasing the hepatic levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and increasing hepatic activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), and hepatic levels of glutathione (GSH). Superoxides 269-279 glucosidase, alpha, acid Mus musculus 116-119 35623546-8 2022 Mechanistically, we found aorta of G6PDS188F as compared to WT rats produced less sustained contraction and less inositol-1,2,3-phosphate (IP3) and superoxide in response to Ang-II. Superoxides 148-158 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 174-180 35624792-1 2022 The superoxide dismutase (SOD) family functions as a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging system by converting superoxide anions into hydrogen peroxide in the cytosol (SOD1), mitochondria (SOD2), and extracellular matrix (SOD3). Superoxides 115-132 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 4-24 35624865-7 2022 In stretched macrophages, H2S prevented MIP-2 release by limiting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-derived superoxide radicals (ROS). Superoxides 126-145 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 Mus musculus 40-45 35628328-12 2022 Inhalative H2S also reduced the heat shock response including heme oxygenase (HO-1) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP-70) and the expression of radical scavengers such as superoxide dismutases (SOD1, SOD2) and catalase. Superoxides 168-178 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 191-195 35624792-1 2022 The superoxide dismutase (SOD) family functions as a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging system by converting superoxide anions into hydrogen peroxide in the cytosol (SOD1), mitochondria (SOD2), and extracellular matrix (SOD3). Superoxides 115-132 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 26-29 35624792-1 2022 The superoxide dismutase (SOD) family functions as a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging system by converting superoxide anions into hydrogen peroxide in the cytosol (SOD1), mitochondria (SOD2), and extracellular matrix (SOD3). Superoxides 115-132 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 172-176 35624792-1 2022 The superoxide dismutase (SOD) family functions as a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging system by converting superoxide anions into hydrogen peroxide in the cytosol (SOD1), mitochondria (SOD2), and extracellular matrix (SOD3). Superoxides 115-132 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 226-230 35581738-3 2022 The mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), converts superoxide radicals into less reactive H2 O2 . Superoxides 78-88 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 38-60 35394023-3 2022 Mitochondrial (mt)ROS, as the superoxide anion (O2.-) generated during mitochondrial respiration, are eliminated in the young organism by antioxidant defense mechanisms, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) 2, whose expression and activity are decreased in aging mesenchymal progenitor cells, accompanied by increased mtROS production. Superoxides 30-46 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 180-208 35158163-6 2022 TNFalpha induced mitochondrial superoxide generation from neutrophils and monocytes, myeloperoxidase (MPO)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) from neutrophils, and nitric oxide from lymphocytes and monocytes. Superoxides 31-41 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-8 35158163-7 2022 Inhibition of mitochondrial superoxide prevented oxidative modification and proteolysis of fibrinogen, whereas inhibition of MPO attenuated only fibrinogen proteolysis. Superoxides 28-38 fibrinogen beta chain Homo sapiens 91-101 35158163-9 2022 Collectively, these findings indicate that neutrophil and monocyte mitochondrial superoxide generation can rapidly oxidize fibrinogen as a priming step for fibrinogen proteolysis and coagulopathy during inflammation. Superoxides 81-91 fibrinogen beta chain Homo sapiens 123-133 35158163-9 2022 Collectively, these findings indicate that neutrophil and monocyte mitochondrial superoxide generation can rapidly oxidize fibrinogen as a priming step for fibrinogen proteolysis and coagulopathy during inflammation. Superoxides 81-91 fibrinogen beta chain Homo sapiens 156-166 35123243-0 2022 Disposable superoxide dismutase biosensors based on gold covered polycaprolactone fibers for the detection of superoxide in cell culture media. Superoxides 110-120 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 11-31 35276443-2 2022 Here, we report a novel small chemical compound (LMH001, MW = 290.079), by blocking phosphorylated p47phox interaction with p22phox, inhibited effectively angiotensin II (AngII)-induced endothelial Nox2 activation and superoxide production at a small dose (IC50 = 0.25 muM) without effect on peripheral leucocyte oxidative response to pathogens. Superoxides 218-228 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 155-169 35276443-2 2022 Here, we report a novel small chemical compound (LMH001, MW = 290.079), by blocking phosphorylated p47phox interaction with p22phox, inhibited effectively angiotensin II (AngII)-induced endothelial Nox2 activation and superoxide production at a small dose (IC50 = 0.25 muM) without effect on peripheral leucocyte oxidative response to pathogens. Superoxides 218-228 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 171-176 35123243-1 2022 A novel and disposable biosensor based on superoxide dismutase (SOD) immobilized on gold metallized polycaprolactone electrospun polymeric fibers (PCl/Au) has been developed for the determination of superoxide (O2 -) in cell culture media. Superoxides 199-209 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 42-62 35123243-1 2022 A novel and disposable biosensor based on superoxide dismutase (SOD) immobilized on gold metallized polycaprolactone electrospun polymeric fibers (PCl/Au) has been developed for the determination of superoxide (O2 -) in cell culture media. Superoxides 199-209 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 64-67 35581738-3 2022 The mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), converts superoxide radicals into less reactive H2 O2 . Superoxides 78-88 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 62-66 35453469-5 2022 Mitochondrial overproduction of superoxide anion radicals induces, via inhibition of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, an increased polyol pathway flux, increased formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGE) and activation of the receptor for AGE (RAGE), activation of protein kinase C isoforms, and an increased hexosamine pathway flux. Superoxides 32-48 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 85-125 35447940-8 2022 Moreover, the expression of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD1 and SOD2) in CA1-3 pyramidal cells were gradually and significantly reduced after ischemia. Superoxides 52-62 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 74-78 35464768-9 2022 Patients with resistance to long-acting EPO have a significantly lower hemoglobin concentration in the blood, hematocrit values, and serum concentration of prealbumin and vitamin D, as well as significantly higher concentration of C-reactive protein, superoxide anion, and hydrogen peroxide concentration than those without resistance. Superoxides 251-267 erythropoietin Homo sapiens 40-43 35453469-5 2022 Mitochondrial overproduction of superoxide anion radicals induces, via inhibition of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, an increased polyol pathway flux, increased formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGE) and activation of the receptor for AGE (RAGE), activation of protein kinase C isoforms, and an increased hexosamine pathway flux. Superoxides 32-48 renin binding protein Homo sapiens 217-220 35453469-5 2022 Mitochondrial overproduction of superoxide anion radicals induces, via inhibition of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, an increased polyol pathway flux, increased formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGE) and activation of the receptor for AGE (RAGE), activation of protein kinase C isoforms, and an increased hexosamine pathway flux. Superoxides 32-48 renin binding protein Homo sapiens 257-260 35432728-18 2022 More importantly, ABP could regulate TREM2 activation in the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3beta pathway to inhibit neuronal apoptosis, including increasing the expression of superoxide dismutase and lactate dehydrogenase and decreasing the expression of malondialdehyde. Superoxides 158-168 glutamate receptor interacting protein 2 Rattus norvegicus 18-21 35455460-7 2022 Furthermore, exposure to AO increased more efficiently than OO and CO in both organs, peroxisomal antioxidant capacity via induction of catalase (Cat) gene, protein and activity expression levels, and superoxide dismutase (Sod1) mRNA and activity levels. Superoxides 201-211 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 223-227 35464721-6 2022 GSL and GSN were shown to inhibit lipid peroxidation and increase the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in human keratinocytes (HaCaTs). Superoxides 82-92 cathepsin A Homo sapiens 0-3 35444640-4 2022 Blockage treatments of soluble P-selectin, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and Nlrp3 inflammasome inhibitors markedly suppressed such adverse effects, suggesting ND-induced platelet activation and pyroptosis involves surface P-selectin-mediated enhancement of mitochondrial superoxide levels and Nlrp3 inflammasome activation. Superoxides 273-283 selectin, platelet Mus musculus 224-234 35384052-12 2022 AT1 R inhibition abolished the rise in serum calcium and phosphorus and normalized serum superoxide dismutase and catalase. Superoxides 89-99 angiotensin II receptor, type 1b Rattus norvegicus 0-5 35515703-1 2022 Vitamin B12 (B12) is an essential co-factor for two enzymes in mammalian metabolism and can also act as a mimetic of superoxide dismutase (SOD) converting superoxide (O2 -) to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 155-165 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 117-137 35045271-6 2022 Administration of the mitochondrial superoxide scavenger mitoTEMPO during hyperoxia suppressed ATF4 and thus early AT2 cell proliferation, but it had no effect on normative AT2 cell proliferation seen on PND7. Superoxides 36-46 activating transcription factor 4 Mus musculus 95-99 35189109-1 2022 Arsenite, a well-established human carcinogen and toxic compound, promotes the formation of mitochondrial superoxide (mitoO2-.) via a Ca2+-dependent mechanism, in which an initial stimulation of the inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) is followed by the activation of the ryanodine receptor (RyR), critical for providing Ca2+ to the mitochondria. Superoxides 106-116 ryanodine receptor 2 Homo sapiens 283-301 35189109-1 2022 Arsenite, a well-established human carcinogen and toxic compound, promotes the formation of mitochondrial superoxide (mitoO2-.) via a Ca2+-dependent mechanism, in which an initial stimulation of the inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) is followed by the activation of the ryanodine receptor (RyR), critical for providing Ca2+ to the mitochondria. Superoxides 106-116 ryanodine receptor 2 Homo sapiens 303-306 35515703-1 2022 Vitamin B12 (B12) is an essential co-factor for two enzymes in mammalian metabolism and can also act as a mimetic of superoxide dismutase (SOD) converting superoxide (O2 -) to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 155-165 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 139-142 35066373-4 2022 Studies of these systems in cells reveal that some SOD mimics, designed to react directly with superoxide, may also indirectly enhance the cellular antioxidant arsenal. Superoxides 95-105 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 51-54 35247490-4 2022 More importantly, the nanocarrier could enhance the cascade reaction between SOD and CAT, which converts the superoxide anion to oxygen. Superoxides 109-125 catalase Mus musculus 85-88 35347544-8 2022 The NQO1 exhibit suppression of chemical-mediated carcinogenesis by various properties of NQO1 which includes, detoxification of quinone scavenger of superoxide anion radical, antioxidant enzyme, protein stabilizer. Superoxides 150-174 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 4-8 35099759-2 2022 Owing to their enzymatic activities, artificial nanozymes not only serve as responsive carriers to load drugs and therapeutic molecules for cancer treatment, but also act as enzymes for modulating the immunosuppression of the tumor microenvironment (TME) via the catalytic activities of catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and oxidase. Superoxides 309-319 catalase Homo sapiens 287-295 35321878-5 2022 In comparison with the full-length PSMalpha2, we show that the peptide in which the N-terminal part of PSMalpha2 was replaced by fMet-Ile-Phe-Leu (an FPR1-selective peptide agonist) potently activates both FPRs for production of superoxide anions and beta-arrestin recruitment. Superoxides 229-246 proteasome 20S subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 103-112 35347544-8 2022 The NQO1 exhibit suppression of chemical-mediated carcinogenesis by various properties of NQO1 which includes, detoxification of quinone scavenger of superoxide anion radical, antioxidant enzyme, protein stabilizer. Superoxides 150-174 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 90-94 35453299-2 2022 While the exact causes of ALS are still unclear, the discovery that familial cases of ALS are related to mutations in the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), a key antioxidant enzyme protecting cells from the deleterious effects of superoxide radicals, suggested that alterations in SOD1 functionality and/or aberrant SOD1 aggregation strongly contribute to ALS pathogenesis. Superoxides 231-241 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 150-154 35392289-6 2022 Oxidative stress markers (ROS, mitochondrial superoxide, and NADPH oxidase) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) were modulated through the activation of Nrf2 signaling. Superoxides 45-55 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 193-197 35331893-3 2022 This RAC2 deficiency is characterized by severe phagocyte defects including defective superoxide formation, adhesion and chemotaxis deficiency. Superoxides 86-96 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 5-9 35177224-14 2022 Cyclooxygenase-2 seems to be a downstream mediator between protease-activated receptor 1 and RhoA kinase because aspirin inhibits the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B and inhibits neutrophil production of superoxide, thromboxane, and tumor necrosis factor alpha. Superoxides 220-230 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 0-16 35360751-2 2022 Activity of extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD), the only extracellular enzyme eliminating superoxide radicals, has been reported to decline in acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD). Superoxides 98-108 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 12-46 35360751-2 2022 Activity of extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD), the only extracellular enzyme eliminating superoxide radicals, has been reported to decline in acute exacerbations of COPD (AECOPD). Superoxides 98-108 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 48-53 35433098-5 2022 RESULTS: MLT was able to reduce the release of liver enzymes in the bloodstream and to decrease oxidative stress in CCl4 treated rats by decreasing the level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and increasing superoxide dismutase activity, with a lower reduction in serum zinc levels, guaranteeing a reduction in liver damage; additionally, it increased the expression of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 and decreased the expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1. Superoxides 216-226 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 116-120 35281592-4 2022 The superoxide radicals are removed by superoxide dismutase (SOD), a key antioxidant enzyme. Superoxides 4-14 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 39-59 35281592-4 2022 The superoxide radicals are removed by superoxide dismutase (SOD), a key antioxidant enzyme. Superoxides 4-14 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 61-64 35090876-9 2022 Conversely, reactive oxygen species production and malondialdehyde and superoxide activity indicated that the AGE + POSTN group decreased oxidative injury. Superoxides 71-81 renin binding protein Homo sapiens 110-113 35199130-8 2022 The uncoupled eNOS does not produce NO but produces superoxide. Superoxides 52-62 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 14-18 35326667-5 2022 Molecularly, stressed cancer cells increase mitochondrial superoxide production, which activates the transforming growth factor-beta pathway through src directly within mitochondria, ultimately activating focal adhesion kinase Pyk2. Superoxides 58-68 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 101-132 35326667-5 2022 Molecularly, stressed cancer cells increase mitochondrial superoxide production, which activates the transforming growth factor-beta pathway through src directly within mitochondria, ultimately activating focal adhesion kinase Pyk2. Superoxides 58-68 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 149-152 35253266-9 2022 The abundance of antioxidant defence genes, superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and catalase, were greater (p < 0.05) but that of a proinflammatory gene, interleukin 1beta, was lower (p < 0.05) in the hypothalamus of pigs fed INU. Superoxides 44-54 superoxide dismutase 1 Sus scrofa 66-70 34845157-9 2022 ANG II changed the protein/gene expression of COXs, HIF-1alpha and VEGF and significantly increased GPx4 and EC-SOD antioxidative enzyme expression, decreased systemic oxidative stress, decreased superoxide/ROS levels and increased nitric oxide bioavailability in the vascular wall. Superoxides 196-206 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-6 34999424-0 2022 Reaction of a {Co(NO)}8 complex with superoxide: Formation of a six coordinated (CoII(NO)(O2-)) species followed by peroxynitrite intermediate. Superoxides 37-47 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 81-85 35204309-1 2022 SOD1 is the major superoxide dismutase responsible for catalyzing dismutation of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. Superoxides 81-91 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 35079639-9 2022 Our result suggests that the oligomeric states of Nox5, mediated by its DH domain and CaM, may be important for its superoxide-generating activity. Superoxides 116-126 calmodulin 1 Homo sapiens 86-89 35205334-4 2022 This study aimed to evaluate changes in IL-6 concentration and the concentration/activity of superoxide dismutase isoenzymes (SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3) in the blood of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) in terms of rs1800795 polymorphism in the IL6 gene. Superoxides 93-103 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 126-130 35205334-4 2022 This study aimed to evaluate changes in IL-6 concentration and the concentration/activity of superoxide dismutase isoenzymes (SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3) in the blood of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) in terms of rs1800795 polymorphism in the IL6 gene. Superoxides 93-103 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 142-146 35125733-2 2022 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) has been commonly identified as dismutase enzyme catalyzes the conversion of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide and elemental oxygen, and could serve as an important biomarker in this direction. Superoxides 104-114 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 35125733-2 2022 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) has been commonly identified as dismutase enzyme catalyzes the conversion of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide and elemental oxygen, and could serve as an important biomarker in this direction. Superoxides 104-114 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 35100468-8 2022 Alb-NC exerted an antioxidant activity by increasing glutathione levels (%change: +94%+-25%; p=0.01), superoxide dismutase (+17%+-4%; p=0.02), and catalase activity (51%+-23%; p=0.03), reducing the occurrence of mtDNA4977 deletion (-67.2%+-11%; p=0.03), but did not affect cytokine release. Superoxides 102-112 albumin Homo sapiens 0-3 34983301-10 2022 PDIA3 silencing increased cell viability, and reduced oxidative stress and inflammation, as evidenced by the decreased levels of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-6, and increased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity. Superoxides 215-225 protein disulfide isomerase family A member 3 Homo sapiens 0-5 35095880-4 2021 Those cells also showed aberrant levels of mitochondrial superoxide and lipid peroxidation, both hallmarks of the oxidative stress response, which strongly correlated with caspase-1 activity. Superoxides 57-67 caspase 1 Homo sapiens 172-181 34969852-1 2022 Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Sod1) is a highly conserved and abundant antioxidant enzyme that detoxifies superoxide (O2 -) by catalyzing its conversion to dioxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 104-114 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-26 34969852-1 2022 Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (Sod1) is a highly conserved and abundant antioxidant enzyme that detoxifies superoxide (O2 -) by catalyzing its conversion to dioxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 104-114 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 2556475-6 1989 Production of superoxide anion by IFN-gamma treated U-937 cells was stimulated by My 43 but not by other IgM mAb recognizing myeloid cells. Superoxides 14-30 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 34-43 35271779-1 2022 Superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3), one of SOD isozymes, maintains extracellular redox homeostasis through the dismutation reaction of superoxide. Superoxides 130-140 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 0-22 35271779-1 2022 Superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3), one of SOD isozymes, maintains extracellular redox homeostasis through the dismutation reaction of superoxide. Superoxides 130-140 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 24-28 35271779-1 2022 Superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3), one of SOD isozymes, maintains extracellular redox homeostasis through the dismutation reaction of superoxide. Superoxides 130-140 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 38-41 35164215-6 2022 ROS such as hydrogen peroxide and the superoxide anion introduce chemical changes virtually in all cellular components, causing deleterious effects on the islets of beta-cells, in turn affecting insulin production. Superoxides 38-54 insulin Homo sapiens 195-202 2557783-4 1989 PMN obtained from asthmatic patients generated significantly more superoxide in response to f-met-leu-phe (fMLP) than controls (2.94 +/- 55 nmol/5 x 10(5) PMN/5 min versus 1.38 +/- 0.35 at 2 x 10(-8) M fMLP and 3.81 +/- 0.68 nmol versus 2.04 +/- 0.45 nmol at 10(-7) M; p less than 0.01 for both). Superoxides 66-76 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 107-111 2559488-5 1989 Cytosolic calcium shifts were measured with the quin2 method, PMN aggregation was assayed in an aggregometer, and superoxide production was quantitated as superoxide dismutase inhibitable cytochrome c reduction in a continuous assay. Superoxides 114-124 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 188-200 2605312-5 1989 The results provide new insight to the interactions between SOD and its substrate superoxide. Superoxides 82-92 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 60-63 2557783-6 1989 At 10(-6) M, 2-chloroadenosine induced a 19.5 +/- 5.1% inhibition of fMLP-stimulated superoxide production in PMN from patients with asthma as compared to 55.6 +/- 24.6% inhibition in PMN from control subjects (p less than 0.01). Superoxides 85-95 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 69-73 2557013-0 1989 Influence of superoxide on myeloperoxidase kinetics measured with a hydrogen peroxide electrode. Superoxides 13-23 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 27-42 2561589-8 1989 Both phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and FMLP-induced superoxide release by PMN are diminished significantly in the presence of this inhibitory factor (p less than 0.01 for PMA and p less than 0.05 for FMLP). Superoxides 54-64 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 41-45 2561589-8 1989 Both phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and FMLP-induced superoxide release by PMN are diminished significantly in the presence of this inhibitory factor (p less than 0.01 for PMA and p less than 0.05 for FMLP). Superoxides 54-64 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 202-206 2561443-1 1989 Oxidation of quercetin at pH 10 was shown to be a free radical chain reaction involving superoxide and hence inhibitable by superoxide dismutase (SOD) (EC 1.15.1.1). Superoxides 88-98 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 146-149 2557829-0 1989 Superoxide generation is inhibited by phospholipase A2 inhibitors. Superoxides 0-10 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 38-54 2557829-2 1989 The stimulation of O2.- generation by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) in human neutrophil-derived cytoplasts was inhibited by a variety of phospholipase A2 inhibitors in a concentration-dependent manner. Superoxides 19-21 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 145-161 2557829-6 1989 The results suggest that arachidonic acid, released by phospholipase A2, is necessary for both the activation and the maintenance of O2.- generation by the NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 133-135 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 55-71 2561443-0 1989 Superoxide--driven oxidation of quercetin and a simple sensitive assay for determination of superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 92-112 2561443-1 1989 Oxidation of quercetin at pH 10 was shown to be a free radical chain reaction involving superoxide and hence inhibitable by superoxide dismutase (SOD) (EC 1.15.1.1). Superoxides 88-98 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 124-144 2557013-12 1989 Above pH 6.5, O2.- generated by xanthine oxidase and acetaldehyde prevented H2O2 from inhibiting myeloperoxidase, increasing the initial rate of H2O2 uptake. Superoxides 14-16 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 97-112 2557013-13 1989 O2.- allowed myeloperoxidase to function optimally with 100 microM-H2O2 at pH 7.0. Superoxides 0-2 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 13-28 2557013-14 1989 This occurred because, as previously demonstrated, O2.- prevents Compound II from accumulating by reducing it to ferric myeloperoxidase. Superoxides 51-53 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 120-135 2557013-16 1989 We propose that by generating O2.- neutrophils prevent H2O2 and other one-electron donors from inhibiting myeloperoxidase, and ensure that this enzyme functions optimally at neutral pH. Superoxides 30-32 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 106-121 2574700-6 1989 Superoxide release from fMLP + CB stimulated neutrophils was also inhibited slightly by 5ASA (50 microM) by 35.6% and by sulphasalazine (50 microM) by 7.9%. Superoxides 0-10 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 24-28 2561625-6 1989 After 72 hours of incubation with IFN-gamma (1000 U/ml) the amount of superoxide generated by the nonadherent cells was elevated to 20.5 +/- 1.4 nmoles/10(6) cells/15 min, similar to that of the adherent cells (24.5 +/- 1.2 nmoles/10(6) cells/15 min untreated adherent monocytes). Superoxides 70-80 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 34-43 2480329-7 1989 In addition, SP enhanced FMLP-stimulated superoxide anion production by neutrophils in a dose-dependent fashion. Superoxides 41-57 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 13-15 2480329-7 1989 In addition, SP enhanced FMLP-stimulated superoxide anion production by neutrophils in a dose-dependent fashion. Superoxides 41-57 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 25-29 2480329-8 1989 Neutrophils preincubated with medium or 7.5 x 10(-5) M SP and then stimulated with 10(-7) M FMLP produced 7.9 +/- 2.7 and 29.9 +/- 3.7 nmol superoxide anion/10(6) cells, respectively. Superoxides 140-156 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 55-57 2480329-8 1989 Neutrophils preincubated with medium or 7.5 x 10(-5) M SP and then stimulated with 10(-7) M FMLP produced 7.9 +/- 2.7 and 29.9 +/- 3.7 nmol superoxide anion/10(6) cells, respectively. Superoxides 140-156 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 92-96 2554058-2 1989 Recent evidence suggests that the adenine compounds ATP, adenosine-5"-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (ATP gamma S), and adenosine have important regulatory effects on O2- responses of human neutrophils stimulated with the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP). Superoxides 159-161 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 256-260 2554058-6 1989 The ability of the adenine compounds to modify O2- responses in fMLP-stimulated cells was equivalent in both neutrophils and cytoplasts, suggesting that the regulatory effect of ATP, ATP gamma S, and adenosine do not require the presence of cytoplasmic granules. Superoxides 47-49 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 64-68 2553491-6 1989 The augmentation in DAG generation correlated with an enhancement by GM-CSF of superoxide generation in response to fMLP. Superoxides 79-89 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 116-120 2551966-6 1989 The formation of the stimulatory receptor units was determined by quantitating the rate of superoxide anion production through its reduction of cytochrome c. Superoxides 91-107 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 144-156 2554951-4 1989 Thirteen of 15 samples from patients in the acute phase of Lassa fever profoundly inhibited the amount of superoxide generated by normal neutrophils in response to the chemotactic peptide, f-met-leu-phe (FMLP) (mean superoxide generated = 54.7 +/- 6.1% of control). Superoxides 106-116 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 204-208 2554951-4 1989 Thirteen of 15 samples from patients in the acute phase of Lassa fever profoundly inhibited the amount of superoxide generated by normal neutrophils in response to the chemotactic peptide, f-met-leu-phe (FMLP) (mean superoxide generated = 54.7 +/- 6.1% of control). Superoxides 216-226 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 204-208 2561625-5 1989 The treatment of the nonadherent cells with 0.1-1000 U/ml of Interferon (IFN-gamma) for 24 hours resulted in a dose dependent increase in superoxide generation. Superoxides 138-148 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 73-82 2621284-3 1989 One substrate molecule (superoxide radical) binds copper ion in active center of SOD, and the second superoxide radical interacts with a peripheral region of the enzyme. Superoxides 24-42 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 81-84 2621284-3 1989 One substrate molecule (superoxide radical) binds copper ion in active center of SOD, and the second superoxide radical interacts with a peripheral region of the enzyme. Superoxides 101-119 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 81-84 2550367-7 1989 Enhanced fungicidal activity by PB-PMNs from mice treated for 5 h with 25,000 U of IFN correlated with an increased release of superoxide anion (O2-) in vitro after stimulation of PB-PMNs with phorbol ester; normal PB-PMNs and IFN-activated PB-PMNs, respectively, produced 2.2 +/- 2.5 and 23.5 +/- 4.8 nmol of O2- per 10(6) PB-PMNs per 30 min (P less than 0.005). Superoxides 127-143 interferon gamma Mus musculus 83-86 2550367-7 1989 Enhanced fungicidal activity by PB-PMNs from mice treated for 5 h with 25,000 U of IFN correlated with an increased release of superoxide anion (O2-) in vitro after stimulation of PB-PMNs with phorbol ester; normal PB-PMNs and IFN-activated PB-PMNs, respectively, produced 2.2 +/- 2.5 and 23.5 +/- 4.8 nmol of O2- per 10(6) PB-PMNs per 30 min (P less than 0.005). Superoxides 127-143 interferon gamma Mus musculus 227-230 2550367-7 1989 Enhanced fungicidal activity by PB-PMNs from mice treated for 5 h with 25,000 U of IFN correlated with an increased release of superoxide anion (O2-) in vitro after stimulation of PB-PMNs with phorbol ester; normal PB-PMNs and IFN-activated PB-PMNs, respectively, produced 2.2 +/- 2.5 and 23.5 +/- 4.8 nmol of O2- per 10(6) PB-PMNs per 30 min (P less than 0.005). Superoxides 145-147 interferon gamma Mus musculus 83-86 2550367-7 1989 Enhanced fungicidal activity by PB-PMNs from mice treated for 5 h with 25,000 U of IFN correlated with an increased release of superoxide anion (O2-) in vitro after stimulation of PB-PMNs with phorbol ester; normal PB-PMNs and IFN-activated PB-PMNs, respectively, produced 2.2 +/- 2.5 and 23.5 +/- 4.8 nmol of O2- per 10(6) PB-PMNs per 30 min (P less than 0.005). Superoxides 145-147 interferon gamma Mus musculus 227-230 2561625-7 1989 The generation of superoxide in the IFN-gamma treated nonadherent monocytes stimulated by E. coli 0-128 was significantly reduced by addition of mannose. Superoxides 18-28 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 36-45 2550479-2 1989 Dibutyryl cyclic AMP-treated cells showed rapid superoxide anion production in response to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and slow, sustained response to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Superoxides 48-64 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 132-136 2550479-7 1989 However, both toxins inhibited FMLP-induced actin polymerization and superoxide anion generation. Superoxides 69-85 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 31-35 2476132-5 1989 The hydroxyl radical generation was inhibited by catalase and superoxide dismutase, suggesting a mechanism in which the phenols oxidize to produce superoxide radical, which then assists .OH generation from H2O2 in the presence of Fe3+-EDTA. Superoxides 147-165 catalase Rattus norvegicus 49-57 2476237-6 1989 These data identify MnSOD as an important determinant of cellular resistance to TNF and implicate mitochondrially generated O2- as a key component of TNF-mediated tumor cell killing. Superoxides 124-127 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 150-153 2503544-14 1989 Increased amounts of superoxide anion were released from ME180 and A549 cells after culture with IFN-gamma. Superoxides 21-37 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 97-106 2506429-1 1989 Formyl peptide receptors on differentiated HL-60 cells were desensitized to formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP)-stimulated superoxide production in a concentration-dependent manner, similar to that previously described for neutrophils. Superoxides 132-142 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 115-119 2553589-3 1989 Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) did not modify the level of intracellular NBT reduction in PMA-stimulated PMN, although it slightly increased the secretion of superoxide anion. Superoxides 173-189 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 18-39 2553589-3 1989 Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (TNF) did not modify the level of intracellular NBT reduction in PMA-stimulated PMN, although it slightly increased the secretion of superoxide anion. Superoxides 173-189 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 41-44 2551149-3 1989 The calcium- and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C, is activated in FMLP- and A23187-stimulated neutrophils, is hypothesized to stimulate superoxide generation, and plays an essential role in eicosanoid production. Superoxides 160-170 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 90-94 2547872-12 1989 Superoxide released triggered by FMLP and F- was inhibited to an extent similar to that of guanine nucleotide depletion under different conditions of preincubation. Superoxides 0-10 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 33-37 2547873-2 1989 This study examined the ability of four neutral proteases: cathepsin G, elastase, chymotrypsin, and trypsin, to modify PMN superoxide response to FMLP, PMA, and arachidonate. Superoxides 123-133 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 146-150 2547873-3 1989 In response to 1 microM FMLP, PMN treated with cathepsin G, chymotrypsin, or elastase showed 64%, 60%, and 32% increases, respectively, in superoxide generation when compared with control, untreated cells (p less than 0.05 for each). Superoxides 139-149 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 24-28 2551149-7 1989 AF inhibited superoxide generation in FMLP-stimulated neutrophils dose-dependently, but did not change the activation of protein kinase C in the cells. Superoxides 13-23 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 38-42 2547375-4 1989 Induction of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was compared between MCF-7 and Tnf-1000 cells treated with TNF: SOD scavenges potentially toxic superoxide radicals. Superoxides 13-23 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 35-38 2547375-4 1989 Induction of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was compared between MCF-7 and Tnf-1000 cells treated with TNF: SOD scavenges potentially toxic superoxide radicals. Superoxides 13-23 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 104-107 2597493-2 1989 Because previous studies showed that interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) is able to increase in vitro the number of PM0 IgG FcR in CAPD patients with relapsing bacterial peritonitis, the authors studied the in vivo effects of IP administration of IFN-alpha (1,000 IU daily in the overnight exchange for 12 months) on: PM0 superoxide generation; PM0 bacterial killing; PM0 IgG FcR; the number of bacteria in the PM0 cytoplasm; and peritonitis relapses in these patients. Superoxides 315-325 interferon alpha 1 Homo sapiens 55-64 2573051-2 1989 The inhibition of the chemotactic peptide (FMLP)-induced superoxide production, which is membrane receptor-mediated, was strongly dependent on the concentration both of the secretory stimulus and of the test compounds, indicating an interaction between the receptor and the test compound. Superoxides 57-67 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 43-47 2546911-6 1989 The results suggest that an event which coincides with the Ca2+-mobilization and not Ca2+ per se is important for the induction of O2- generation in the fMLP-stimulated cells and that this step is blocked in cerulenin-treated cells. Superoxides 131-133 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 153-157 2546911-3 1989 Generation of superoxide anion (O2-) and mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ in human neutrophils upon exposure to stimuli such as N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (fMLP) were inhibited by the antibiotic cerulenin, which inhibits fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis. Superoxides 14-30 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 168-172 2546911-3 1989 Generation of superoxide anion (O2-) and mobilization of intracellular Ca2+ in human neutrophils upon exposure to stimuli such as N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (fMLP) were inhibited by the antibiotic cerulenin, which inhibits fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis. Superoxides 32-34 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 168-172 2549492-6 1989 Superoxide anion production was significantly enhanced in cord blood granulocytes stimulated with fMLP after a 30- or 60-min exposure to 100 pM rhGM-CSF. Superoxides 0-16 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 98-102 2544300-11 1989 However, IL-6 did "prime" PMN, enhancing superoxide secretion by fMLP (10(-7) M)-treated PMN by 50.8% (5.9 +/- 1.0 to 8.9 +/- 1.5 nmol superoxide at 100 U of IL-6; P less than 0.01) and PMA (5.0 nM) by 54.3% (8.1 +/- 2.6 to 12.5 +/- 3.6 nmol; P less than 0.05). Superoxides 41-51 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 9-13 2544300-11 1989 However, IL-6 did "prime" PMN, enhancing superoxide secretion by fMLP (10(-7) M)-treated PMN by 50.8% (5.9 +/- 1.0 to 8.9 +/- 1.5 nmol superoxide at 100 U of IL-6; P less than 0.01) and PMA (5.0 nM) by 54.3% (8.1 +/- 2.6 to 12.5 +/- 3.6 nmol; P less than 0.05). Superoxides 41-51 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 65-69 2544300-11 1989 However, IL-6 did "prime" PMN, enhancing superoxide secretion by fMLP (10(-7) M)-treated PMN by 50.8% (5.9 +/- 1.0 to 8.9 +/- 1.5 nmol superoxide at 100 U of IL-6; P less than 0.01) and PMA (5.0 nM) by 54.3% (8.1 +/- 2.6 to 12.5 +/- 3.6 nmol; P less than 0.05). Superoxides 135-145 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 9-13 2544300-11 1989 However, IL-6 did "prime" PMN, enhancing superoxide secretion by fMLP (10(-7) M)-treated PMN by 50.8% (5.9 +/- 1.0 to 8.9 +/- 1.5 nmol superoxide at 100 U of IL-6; P less than 0.01) and PMA (5.0 nM) by 54.3% (8.1 +/- 2.6 to 12.5 +/- 3.6 nmol; P less than 0.05). Superoxides 135-145 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 65-69 2541191-2 1989 Dopamine inhibited the O2- production by PMNs when PMNs were stimulated with N-formylated chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), phorbol myristate acetate, or opsonized zymosan, whereas dopamine did not alter the PMN mobility. Superoxides 23-25 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 151-155 2546699-2 1989 This purified preparation of seminal fluid acid phosphatase blocked superoxide anion production by neutrophils stimulated with fMet-Leu-Phe (fMLP) by 50%. Superoxides 68-84 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 141-145 2543650-1 1989 Cultured porcine retinal pigment epithelial cells release superoxide, measured as superoxide dismutase (SOD)-suppressible reduction of cytochrome C, and SOD-suppressible luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. Superoxides 58-68 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 82-102 2543650-1 1989 Cultured porcine retinal pigment epithelial cells release superoxide, measured as superoxide dismutase (SOD)-suppressible reduction of cytochrome C, and SOD-suppressible luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. Superoxides 58-68 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 104-107 2543650-1 1989 Cultured porcine retinal pigment epithelial cells release superoxide, measured as superoxide dismutase (SOD)-suppressible reduction of cytochrome C, and SOD-suppressible luminol-dependent chemiluminescence. Superoxides 58-68 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 135-147 2541203-0 1989 IFN-gamma and LPS overcome glucocorticoid inhibition of priming for superoxide release in human monocytes. Superoxides 68-78 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 0-9 2543384-4 1989 The SOD enhancement was attributed to the inhibition of superoxide-induced DFFR destruction. Superoxides 56-66 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 4-7 2542378-3 1989 O2- generation was induced either by the calcium ionophore A23187, a potent stimulus of phospholipase A2, or by the protein kinase C activator, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Superoxides 0-2 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 88-104 2541203-3 1989 After 48 h culture, monocytes released low amounts of superoxide anion (O2-) when stimulated by PMA or FMLP. Superoxides 54-70 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 103-107 2541203-3 1989 After 48 h culture, monocytes released low amounts of superoxide anion (O2-) when stimulated by PMA or FMLP. Superoxides 72-74 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 103-107 2541203-4 1989 Monocytes incubated with either IFN-gamma or LPS became "primed" and released greater amounts of O2- in response to stimuli. Superoxides 97-99 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 32-41 2541203-7 1989 When glucocorticoids were co-incubated with IFN-gamma or LPS, the effect of hydrocortisone and other active steroids was blocked, and the monocytes released high O2-. Superoxides 162-164 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 44-53 2541203-8 1989 However, when monocytes were preincubated with hydrocortisone for 24 h before addition of IFN-gamma or LPS, priming for enhanced O2- production by LPS was partially inhibited whereas there was no effect on IFN-gamma priming. Superoxides 129-131 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 90-99 2541203-11 1989 Both IL-1 and TNF-alpha primed monocytes for enhanced release of O2- in response to PMA. Superoxides 65-67 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 14-23 2541191-3 1989 The values of percentage inhibition of the O2- production by FMLP-stimulated PMNs were 57% under treatment with 10(-5) mol/L and 83% with 10(-4) mol/L of dopamine. Superoxides 43-45 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 2541191-4 1989 Isoproterenol also inhibited PMN O2- production in response to FMLP. Superoxides 33-35 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 63-67 2541191-8 1989 These results indicate that dopamine inhibits PMN O2- production through its effect on PMN reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase system rather than through its beta-adrenergic action. Superoxides 50-52 dual oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 99-150 2540250-2 1989 Both antibiotics selectively inhibited superoxide generation by neutrophils activated with the N-formylated leukotactic tripeptide FMLP, the calcium ionophore A23187 and the pharmacologic agent benoxaprofen, while the responses initiated by the tumor promotor PMA and opsonized zymosan were unaffected. Superoxides 39-49 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 131-135 2541141-6 1989 These results indicate that augmentation of the granulocyte"s ability to generate O2- anions, which is induced by priming with GM-CSFrh, is independent both of the resting transmembrane potential and of alterations in the extent of membrane potential change induced by stimuli such as fMLP. Superoxides 82-84 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 285-289 2541213-5 1989 Mast cell granule-mediated inhibition of cytochrome c reduction was not caused by histamine, serotonin, or any other dialyzable components but was found to be caused by the scavenging of O2- by mast cell granule-bound superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 187-189 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 41-53 2540256-1 1989 Both purified human monocyte interleukin-1 and recombinant interleukin-1 (beta) primed neutrophils for increased superoxide production and chemiluminescence in response to f-met-leu-phe. Superoxides 113-123 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 59-79 2544968-4 1989 These results indicate that TPTCl is potent inhibitor of cytosolic free calcium mobilization in FMLP stimulation, associated with superoxide anion production and the secretion of beta-D-glucuronidase. Superoxides 130-146 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 96-100 2541213-0 1989 Modulation of macrophage superoxide-induced cytochrome c reduction by mast cells. Superoxides 25-35 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 44-56 2524532-2 1989 Passaged cells have typical macrophage characteristics: they are non-specific esterase positive, phagocytic, and respond to 3 days of treatment with interferon-gamma with enhanced production of superoxide on stimulation with PMA. Superoxides 194-204 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 149-165 2547713-6 1989 In contrast, a marked impairment of NBT test and PMA- and FMLP-induced superoxide anion (O2-) production was found after piroxicam therapy. Superoxides 71-87 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 58-62 2547713-6 1989 In contrast, a marked impairment of NBT test and PMA- and FMLP-induced superoxide anion (O2-) production was found after piroxicam therapy. Superoxides 89-91 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 58-62 2538510-3 1989 However, the ability to generate O2- in response to PMA could be induced in BMM by pre-exposing the cells to certain cytokines, including granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IFN-gamma, and, to a lesser extent, IL-1 alpha. Superoxides 33-35 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 175-202 2777635-1 1989 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a "scavenger" enzyme which catalyses the dismutation (reduction-oxidation) of the superoxide anion (O2-. Superoxides 112-128 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 2777635-1 1989 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a "scavenger" enzyme which catalyses the dismutation (reduction-oxidation) of the superoxide anion (O2-. Superoxides 112-128 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 2777635-10 1989 The significance of the extracellular SOD activity, seen in the lower aspects of the growth plate cartilage, may indicate the sensitivity of matrix components, especially collagen, to toxic free radicals such as the superoxide anion. Superoxides 216-232 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 38-41 2547132-3 1989 Collectively, these new natural products modulate fMLP-induced superoxide anion generation in human neutrophils, inhibit the conversion of arachidonic acid to lipoxygenase products by human neutrophils, and inhibit the functioning of the dog kidney Na+/K+ ATPase. Superoxides 63-79 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 50-54 2540792-4 1989 The total quantity of O2- produced and the kinetics of its release were then determined following in vitro activation of the cells by the chemotactic peptide N-formyl methionyl-leucylphenylalanine (fMLP) or by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Superoxides 22-24 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 198-202 2538510-3 1989 However, the ability to generate O2- in response to PMA could be induced in BMM by pre-exposing the cells to certain cytokines, including granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IFN-gamma, and, to a lesser extent, IL-1 alpha. Superoxides 33-35 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 204-213 2538510-3 1989 However, the ability to generate O2- in response to PMA could be induced in BMM by pre-exposing the cells to certain cytokines, including granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IFN-gamma, and, to a lesser extent, IL-1 alpha. Superoxides 33-35 interferon gamma Mus musculus 216-225 2537656-6 1989 The formation of .OH was inhibited by exogenously added superoxide dismutase and catalase, indicating the involvement of both superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 126-150 catalase Homo sapiens 81-89 2537865-4 1989 Superoxide anion (O2-) participated in both the oxidation of LDL and its conversion to a cytotoxin since addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) at the beginning of the co-incubation inhibited, in a concentration dependent fashion, both the monocyte-mediated oxidation and the monocyte-mediated conversion of LDL to a cytotoxin. Superoxides 0-16 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 117-137 2537865-4 1989 Superoxide anion (O2-) participated in both the oxidation of LDL and its conversion to a cytotoxin since addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) at the beginning of the co-incubation inhibited, in a concentration dependent fashion, both the monocyte-mediated oxidation and the monocyte-mediated conversion of LDL to a cytotoxin. Superoxides 0-16 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 139-142 2537865-4 1989 Superoxide anion (O2-) participated in both the oxidation of LDL and its conversion to a cytotoxin since addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) at the beginning of the co-incubation inhibited, in a concentration dependent fashion, both the monocyte-mediated oxidation and the monocyte-mediated conversion of LDL to a cytotoxin. Superoxides 18-20 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 117-137 2537865-4 1989 Superoxide anion (O2-) participated in both the oxidation of LDL and its conversion to a cytotoxin since addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) at the beginning of the co-incubation inhibited, in a concentration dependent fashion, both the monocyte-mediated oxidation and the monocyte-mediated conversion of LDL to a cytotoxin. Superoxides 18-20 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 139-142 2537868-3 1989 Laminin (5 to 100 micrograms/ml) stimulated lysozyme release and superoxide production in response to the chemoattractant, FMLP by as much as 69%. Superoxides 65-75 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 123-127 2537361-2 1989 TNF stimulated superoxide (O2-) release directly in human granulocytes in a dose-dependent manner (1 to 1000 U/ml), although its potency was weak. Superoxides 15-25 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-3 2545762-2 1989 However, the signal observed arises from interaction of the spin trap with some species other than the superoxide radical or hydrogen peroxide, a product of its dismutation, as the addition of both superoxide dismutase and catalase to a superoxide generating system failed to attenuate the signal. Superoxides 103-113 catalase Homo sapiens 223-231 2537365-4 1989 For detection of granulocyte activation different assay systems were used: 1) lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence (CL), 2) superoxide-dismutase (SOD) inhibitable cytochrome C-reduction (superoxide), 3) horseradish peroxidase-mediated oxidation of phenol red (hydrogen peroxide), 4) release of myeloperoxidase, 5) ultrastructural detection of hydrogen peroxide-production, 6) scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM). Superoxides 125-135 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 164-176 2537361-2 1989 TNF stimulated superoxide (O2-) release directly in human granulocytes in a dose-dependent manner (1 to 1000 U/ml), although its potency was weak. Superoxides 27-29 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-3 2537110-3 1989 Superoxide rapidly dismutases to H2O2 and neutrophils contain myeloperoxidase which catalyzes the oxidation of Cl- by H2O2 to yield hypochlorous acid (HOCl). Superoxides 0-10 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 62-77 2537032-6 1989 Superoxide dismutase showed a protective effect on depression in Ca2+-pump activities caused by O2-.H2O2 inhibited Ca2+-pump activities in a dose-dependent manner; this inhibition was protected by the addition of catalase. Superoxides 96-98 catalase Rattus norvegicus 213-221 2537061-2 1989 The use of dual wavelength spectroscopy in the present studies has allowed accurate continuous monitoring of superoxide generation (cytochrome c reduction) upon cellular activation by this turbid material; activation occurs after a short lag period (about 20 s) which is similar to the lag seen after activation with the chemoattractant formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). Superoxides 109-119 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 132-144 2537061-2 1989 The use of dual wavelength spectroscopy in the present studies has allowed accurate continuous monitoring of superoxide generation (cytochrome c reduction) upon cellular activation by this turbid material; activation occurs after a short lag period (about 20 s) which is similar to the lag seen after activation with the chemoattractant formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). Superoxides 109-119 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 376-380 2541080-1 1989 We have examined the effect of different monoclonal antibodies (MAb) to the CD11/CD18 family of surface antigens on the production of superoxide anion by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-differentiated U-937 cells upon stimulation with concanavalin A (Con A). Superoxides 134-150 integrin subunit beta 2 Homo sapiens 81-85 2492771-1 1989 Superoxide dismutase and catalase enzymatically scavenge superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, respectively. Superoxides 57-67 catalase Rattus norvegicus 25-33 2535839-4 1989 In addition, CP scavenged xanthine oxidase-derived superoxide as measured spectrophotometrically via its effect on cytochrome c reduction. Superoxides 51-61 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 115-127 2545879-5 1989 Also neutrophil superoxide anion production (in the cytochrome C reduction assay) increased with pH, but not to the same extent as CL. Superoxides 16-32 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 52-64 2521568-1 1989 Activity of the free radical scavenging enzyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD-1), was determined in fibroblast cell lines derived from familial Alzheimer"s patients, trisomy 21 patients and normal controls. Superoxides 48-58 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 70-75 2540639-5 1989 However, TNF, but not MOC, caused the release of considerable amounts of H2O2 and O2- from PMN attached to nylon fibers. Superoxides 75-77 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 9-12 2538353-2 1989 The elastase-inhibitory activity of alpha 1-antiproteinase is inactivated by hydroxyl radicals (.OH) generated by pulse radiolysis or by reaction of iron ions with H2O2 in the presence of superoxide or ascorbate. Superoxides 188-198 serpin family A member 1 Homo sapiens 36-58 2545550-4 1989 Thus, superoxide (which is relatively unimportant when metal ions can participate) dominates the reaction when transition metal ions are bound (especially at higher pH), and it becomes essential in the simultaneous presence of catalase plus chelators. Superoxides 6-16 catalase Homo sapiens 227-235 2550129-6 1989 Our results show that the endothelial cells subjected to anoxia-reoxygenation release superoxide anions, as revealed by superoxide dismutase inhibitable cytochrome C reduction. Superoxides 86-103 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 153-165 2557982-19 1989 These observations can be explained by the newly-discovered role of SOD as a superoxide:semiquinone (QH.) Superoxides 77-87 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 68-71 2536340-10 1989 Catalase was able to inhibit the formation of the DMPO--OH adduct formed by vanadate plus superoxide. Superoxides 90-100 catalase Homo sapiens 0-8 2558980-6 1989 The oxidation of NADH, mediated by a catalytically low concentration of phenazine(+O2), was augmented two-fold by SOD. Superoxides 83-85 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 114-117 2553552-0 1989 Application of the electrochemistry of cytochrome c to the measurement of superoxide radical production. Superoxides 74-92 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 39-51 2553552-2 1989 The reduction of cytochrome c by the superoxide ion was monitored using a surface-modified gold electrode. Superoxides 37-47 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 17-29 2545553-15 1989 These results indicated that the degree of attachment correlated with both the degree of NBT reduction and the relative effectiveness of Des-Mn versus SOD to scavenge O2.. Superoxides 167-169 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 151-154 2553551-9 1989 as indicated by the FABP inhibition of O2- -dependent reduction of cytochrome c, OH.-dependent hydroxybenzoic acid formation and OCl.-mediated chemiluminescence response. Superoxides 39-41 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 67-79 2559882-5 1989 The inhibition of catalase by GSH appeared to be partly due to superoxide radicals, since it was inhibited by active manganese superoxide dismutase, but not by heat-inactivated enzyme. Superoxides 63-73 catalase Homo sapiens 18-26 2558980-1 1989 The source of superoxide anion radical (O2-.) in aerobic mixtures consisting of NAD[P]H, 5-methylphenazinium methyl sulfate (or its 1-methoxy derivative) and tetrazolium salt was investigated using superoxide dismutase (SOD), Mn(II), ferricytochrome-C, and epinephrine as probes. Superoxides 14-38 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 198-218 2558980-1 1989 The source of superoxide anion radical (O2-.) in aerobic mixtures consisting of NAD[P]H, 5-methylphenazinium methyl sulfate (or its 1-methoxy derivative) and tetrazolium salt was investigated using superoxide dismutase (SOD), Mn(II), ferricytochrome-C, and epinephrine as probes. Superoxides 14-38 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 220-223 2558980-1 1989 The source of superoxide anion radical (O2-.) in aerobic mixtures consisting of NAD[P]H, 5-methylphenazinium methyl sulfate (or its 1-methoxy derivative) and tetrazolium salt was investigated using superoxide dismutase (SOD), Mn(II), ferricytochrome-C, and epinephrine as probes. Superoxides 40-44 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 198-218 2558980-1 1989 The source of superoxide anion radical (O2-.) in aerobic mixtures consisting of NAD[P]H, 5-methylphenazinium methyl sulfate (or its 1-methoxy derivative) and tetrazolium salt was investigated using superoxide dismutase (SOD), Mn(II), ferricytochrome-C, and epinephrine as probes. Superoxides 40-44 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 220-223 2558980-2 1989 NAD[P]H + phenazine + O2 was found to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium, iodonitrotetrazolium, and thiazolyl blue in a manner sensitive to agents that dismutase O2-., viz., SOD and Mn(II). Superoxides 22-24 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 168-171 2558980-2 1989 NAD[P]H + phenazine + O2 was found to reduce nitroblue tetrazolium, iodonitrotetrazolium, and thiazolyl blue in a manner sensitive to agents that dismutase O2-., viz., SOD and Mn(II). Superoxides 156-158 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 168-171 2573564-3 1989 The beneficial effects of both superoxide dismutase and catalase suggest an involvement of superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide in this pathophysiological process, without describing the targets of their action. Superoxides 91-108 catalase Homo sapiens 56-64 2601585-8 1989 These findings suggested that the formation of superoxide anion after administration of LPS in vivo is mediated by Kupffer cells. Superoxides 47-63 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 88-91 2555642-3 1989 t-PA (1 to 100 micrograms/ml) decreased f-MLP-induced chemotaxis and ionophore A23187-induced superoxide and LTB4 release in isolated neutrophils, and these effects were not blocked by the plasmin-inhibitor epsilon-aminocaproic acid (epsilon-ACA). Superoxides 94-104 plasminogen activator, tissue type Homo sapiens 0-4 2562169-3 1989 Enzymatically generated superoxide anion produced endothelial damage which could not be blocked with superoxide dismutase (which removes superoxide anion from the system), but could it be blocked with catalase which removes hydrogen peroxide from the system. Superoxides 24-40 catalase Oryctolagus cuniculus 201-209 2684801-6 1989 Furthermore the complementation of SOD-lacking E. coli deficiencies by introducing a plasmid containing the gene encoding the human SOD supported the proposal that superoxide dismutation is the physiological function of SOD. Superoxides 164-174 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 35-38 2684801-6 1989 Furthermore the complementation of SOD-lacking E. coli deficiencies by introducing a plasmid containing the gene encoding the human SOD supported the proposal that superoxide dismutation is the physiological function of SOD. Superoxides 164-174 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 132-135 2684801-6 1989 Furthermore the complementation of SOD-lacking E. coli deficiencies by introducing a plasmid containing the gene encoding the human SOD supported the proposal that superoxide dismutation is the physiological function of SOD. Superoxides 164-174 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 132-135 2538700-2 1989 CRP at 8-64 micrograms/ml concentrations inhibited degranulation and superoxide production by PMNL in time-, and dose-dependent manner and stabilized PMNL membranes against the lytic effect of lysophosphatidylcholine. Superoxides 69-79 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 0-3 2559307-3 1989 TNF-treated macrophages had listericidal activity in vitro and superoxide anion production. Superoxides 63-79 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-3 2519345-2 1989 Experimentally, cellular damage from compounds or exposures which produce superoxide extracellularly can be prevented or modified by pretreating a cell or organ system with SOD. Superoxides 74-84 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 173-176 2640479-8 1989 When N formyl methionine leucyl phenylalanine (FMLP) was used, lupus PMN showed an O2-production of 2.1 nmol/min 10(7) which is 5-fold the response of normal PMN stimulated by FMLP. Superoxides 83-85 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 47-51 2640479-8 1989 When N formyl methionine leucyl phenylalanine (FMLP) was used, lupus PMN showed an O2-production of 2.1 nmol/min 10(7) which is 5-fold the response of normal PMN stimulated by FMLP. Superoxides 83-85 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 176-180 2519345-5 1989 An awareness of the importance of SOD to the toxicity of xenobiotics which produce superoxide, either directly or indirectly, will enable those conducting toxicology studies to better understand and interpret their results. Superoxides 83-93 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 34-37 2678418-6 1989 There are the enzymes - superoxide dismutase that dismutases superoxide radicals to hydrogen peroxide and catalase or glutathione peroxidase that detoxify hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 24-34 catalase Homo sapiens 106-114 2855027-1 1988 Like superoxide dismutase (SOD), human ceruloplasmin (Cp) scavenges superoxide anion radicals injected into the solution with the aid a high-voltage generator, hydrogen peroxide being the product of reaction. Superoxides 68-93 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 2852009-0 1988 The superoxide-dependent transfer of iron from ferritin to transferrin and lactoferrin. Superoxides 4-14 transferrin Homo sapiens 59-70 3058718-11 1988 CuZn SOD is a relatively abundant protein in the cytosol of hepatocytes and its distribution overlaps with major sites of O2- production. Superoxides 122-124 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-8 3058718-12 1988 The efficiency of protection CuZn SOD can provide to cytosolic proteins from attacks by superoxide anion depends on the rate of O2- production, distribution of CuZn SOD relative to cytosolic proteins, and the relative reaction rates between O2- with both cytosolic proteins and CuZn SOD. Superoxides 88-104 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 29-37 3058718-12 1988 The efficiency of protection CuZn SOD can provide to cytosolic proteins from attacks by superoxide anion depends on the rate of O2- production, distribution of CuZn SOD relative to cytosolic proteins, and the relative reaction rates between O2- with both cytosolic proteins and CuZn SOD. Superoxides 88-104 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 160-168 3058718-12 1988 The efficiency of protection CuZn SOD can provide to cytosolic proteins from attacks by superoxide anion depends on the rate of O2- production, distribution of CuZn SOD relative to cytosolic proteins, and the relative reaction rates between O2- with both cytosolic proteins and CuZn SOD. Superoxides 88-104 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 160-168 3058718-12 1988 The efficiency of protection CuZn SOD can provide to cytosolic proteins from attacks by superoxide anion depends on the rate of O2- production, distribution of CuZn SOD relative to cytosolic proteins, and the relative reaction rates between O2- with both cytosolic proteins and CuZn SOD. Superoxides 128-130 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 29-37 3058718-12 1988 The efficiency of protection CuZn SOD can provide to cytosolic proteins from attacks by superoxide anion depends on the rate of O2- production, distribution of CuZn SOD relative to cytosolic proteins, and the relative reaction rates between O2- with both cytosolic proteins and CuZn SOD. Superoxides 241-243 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 29-37 2847727-0 1988 Superoxide anion measurement by sulfonated phenyl isothiocyanate cytochrome c. Superoxides 0-16 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 65-77 2847727-1 1988 Sulfonated phenyl isothiocyanate cytochrome c is suggested as a new scavenger for superoxide anion. Superoxides 82-98 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 33-45 2846355-5 1988 FMLP, ionomycin and A23187 induced membrane association of protein kinase C in a few seconds and always before superoxide generation. Superoxides 111-121 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 2846355-6 1988 It is concluded that membrane association of protein kinase C in PMA-, FMLP-, ionomycin- and A23187-stimulated neutrophils precedes superoxide generation, and thereby may be part of the mechanism initiating NADPH-oxidase activity. Superoxides 132-142 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 71-75 3182781-7 1988 In contrast, the fMLP-induced superoxide ion generation is diminished if the increase in [Ca2+]i is prevented. Superoxides 30-40 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 17-21 2846087-6 1988 Our data indicate that the increased cytosolic acidification following fMLP stimulation in granulocytes "primed" with GM-CSFrh does not result from disordered proton excretion but instead from increased release of intracellular free acid which is only partially coupled to glucose catabolism or to the generation of superoxide anion (O2-). Superoxides 316-332 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 71-75 2846087-6 1988 Our data indicate that the increased cytosolic acidification following fMLP stimulation in granulocytes "primed" with GM-CSFrh does not result from disordered proton excretion but instead from increased release of intracellular free acid which is only partially coupled to glucose catabolism or to the generation of superoxide anion (O2-). Superoxides 334-336 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 71-75 2846729-9 1988 In adherent PMNs, pretreatment with PMA potentiated the FMLP-induced O2-. Superoxides 69-71 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 56-60 2844586-1 1988 Treatment of human neutrophils with C-reactive protein (CRP) causes a concentration-dependent in the extent of activation of superoxide production and of granule secretion, induced by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) or N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLF). Superoxides 125-135 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 36-54 2844586-1 1988 Treatment of human neutrophils with C-reactive protein (CRP) causes a concentration-dependent in the extent of activation of superoxide production and of granule secretion, induced by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) or N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLF). Superoxides 125-135 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 56-59 2844196-7 1988 Of these, AHSG was the most active inhibitor of HA-induced neutrophil superoxide release, and this glycoprotein partially (60%) restored inhibitory activity to HA-adsorbed serum. Superoxides 70-80 alpha 2-HS glycoprotein Homo sapiens 10-14 2848761-0 1988 Modulation of human neutrophil and monocyte chemotaxis and superoxide responses by recombinant TNF-alpha and GM-CSF. Superoxides 59-69 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 95-104 2848761-5 1988 TNF at concentrations higher than 500 units/ml enhanced the generation of superoxide anions by neutrophils stimulated with f-Met-Leu-Phe. Superoxides 74-91 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-3 2848761-9 1988 GM-CSF was as potent as TNF in enhancing the generation of superoxide response by neutrophils. Superoxides 59-69 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 24-27 2848761-13 1988 Inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis followed by enhancement of the superoxide response by TNF and GM-CSF may provide an attractive mechanism by which these cytokines assist in fighting invading microorganisms. Superoxides 67-77 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 90-93 2853694-5 1988 The results indicated that lpr/lpr PEM had a significant increase in cytostasis and O2- production and a significant decrease in proliferative capacity, suggesting that PEM from lpr/lpr mice were activated to the level of primed macrophage. Superoxides 84-86 Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6) Mus musculus 27-30 2853694-5 1988 The results indicated that lpr/lpr PEM had a significant increase in cytostasis and O2- production and a significant decrease in proliferative capacity, suggesting that PEM from lpr/lpr mice were activated to the level of primed macrophage. Superoxides 84-86 Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6) Mus musculus 31-34 2853694-5 1988 The results indicated that lpr/lpr PEM had a significant increase in cytostasis and O2- production and a significant decrease in proliferative capacity, suggesting that PEM from lpr/lpr mice were activated to the level of primed macrophage. Superoxides 84-86 Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6) Mus musculus 31-34 2853694-5 1988 The results indicated that lpr/lpr PEM had a significant increase in cytostasis and O2- production and a significant decrease in proliferative capacity, suggesting that PEM from lpr/lpr mice were activated to the level of primed macrophage. Superoxides 84-86 Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6) Mus musculus 31-34 2853694-7 1988 B220- cells out of NAPEC from lpr/lpr mice significantly enhanced O2- production by +/+ PEM. Superoxides 66-68 Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6) Mus musculus 30-33 2853694-7 1988 B220- cells out of NAPEC from lpr/lpr mice significantly enhanced O2- production by +/+ PEM. Superoxides 66-68 Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6) Mus musculus 34-37 2853694-9 1988 The culture supernatants of spleen cells from lpr/lpr mice contained so called "MAF" activity, because they enhanced O2- production by +/+ PEM significantly. Superoxides 117-119 Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6) Mus musculus 46-49 2853694-9 1988 The culture supernatants of spleen cells from lpr/lpr mice contained so called "MAF" activity, because they enhanced O2- production by +/+ PEM significantly. Superoxides 117-119 Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6) Mus musculus 50-53 2901665-2 1988 As a first step in understanding the mechanism of the inhibition, we investigated the number of beta-receptors required to optimally block superoxide anion production, a response that is measured kinetically by a convenient spectrophotometric assay for the reduction of cytochrome c. Superoxides 139-155 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 270-282 2841980-0 1988 A pulse radiolysis investigation of the reactions of myeloperoxidase with superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 74-84 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 53-68 2841980-1 1988 Using pulse radiolysis, the rate constant for the reaction of ferric myeloperoxidase with O2- to give compound III was measured at pH 7.8, and values of 2.1.10(6) M-1.s-1 for equine ferric myeloperoxidase and 1.1.10(6) M-1.s-1 for human ferric myeloperoxidase were obtained. Superoxides 90-92 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 189-204 2841980-3 1988 Our results indicate that although the reaction of ferric myeloperoxidase with O2- is an order of magnitude slower than with H2O2, the former reaction is sufficiently rapid to influence myeloperoxidase-dependent production of hypochlorous acid by stimulated neutrophils. Superoxides 79-81 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 58-73 2841980-3 1988 Our results indicate that although the reaction of ferric myeloperoxidase with O2- is an order of magnitude slower than with H2O2, the former reaction is sufficiently rapid to influence myeloperoxidase-dependent production of hypochlorous acid by stimulated neutrophils. Superoxides 79-81 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 186-201 2840517-2 1988 The amount of superoxide radical generation can be monitored by spectrophotometric measurement of cytochrome c reduction. Superoxides 14-32 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 98-110 2840318-1 1988 The rise in cytosolic free Ca2+, shape change, superoxide formation, and granule exocytosis induced in human neutrophils by N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) and by a newly discovered activating peptide, neutrophil-activating factor, termed NAF, were compared. Superoxides 47-57 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 146-150 2839363-2 1988 The extracellular Ca2+ is required for the O2- production of neutrophils stimulated by C5a, but is only partially required for those by immune complex. Superoxides 43-45 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 87-90 2839364-0 1988 The effect of inhibition of both diacylglycerol metabolism and phospholipase A2 activity on superoxide generation by human neutrophils. Superoxides 92-102 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 63-79 2838554-4 1988 For detection of granulocyte activation the following assay systems were used: 1) lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence (CL), 2) superoxide-dismutase (SOD) inhibitable cytochrome C-reduction (superoxide), 3) horseradish peroxidase-mediated oxidation of phenol red (hydrogen peroxide), 4) release of myeloperoxidase, 5) ultrastructural detection of hydrogen peroxide-production, and 6) scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and TEM, respectively). Superoxides 129-139 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 151-154 2839589-4 1988 In contrast, in formyl-methionyl-leucine-phenylalanine (FMLP)-activated cells the increase in superoxide production was only accompanied by an increase in particulate fraction-associated protein kinase C activity if the cells were pretreated with cytochalasin B. Superoxides 94-104 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 56-60 2839835-2 1988 Interferon gamma has been shown to augment phagocyte superoxide production, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this effect have remained unknown. Superoxides 53-63 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 0-16 2840754-5 1988 Addition of NADPH to whole testis or Leydig cell mitochondria, but not tubule mitochondria, caused an additional formation of superoxide anion, which was unrelated to the respiratory chain, accelerated several-fold by menadione, and presumably catalyzed by NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome P-450. Superoxides 126-142 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 290-306 2840754-8 1988 It is likely that both NADPH-cytochrome c reductase and cytochrome P-450 were involved in the microsomal generation of superoxide. Superoxides 119-129 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 56-72 2840754-13 1988 Together with cytochrome P-450-dependent hydroxylases, e.g., BP and DMBA hydroxylases, this superoxide generation may reflect a potential for cell-specific peroxidative damage in the testis. Superoxides 92-102 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 14-30 2457300-3 1988 Histamine and H2-receptor agonists inhibit the generation of superoxide anion from human neutrophils activated by FMLP and by substance P. Superoxides 61-77 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 114-118 2457300-3 1988 Histamine and H2-receptor agonists inhibit the generation of superoxide anion from human neutrophils activated by FMLP and by substance P. Superoxides 61-77 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 126-137 2834374-2 1988 Various agents elicit different responses; N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (fMLP) (0.1 microM) provokes brisk generation of superoxide anion; leukotriene B4 (LTB4, 0.1 microM) is a poor stimulus. Superoxides 129-145 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 81-85 2835006-4 1988 In the presence of cytochrome c the methylene blue caused a sharp decrease in both paraquat-induced superoxide and hydroxyl radical production. Superoxides 100-110 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 19-31 2836491-6 1988 Superoxide (O2-) generation was measured with a microassay of superoxide dismutase-inhibitable cytochrome c reduction in response to several soluble and particulate agonists. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 95-107 2836491-6 1988 Superoxide (O2-) generation was measured with a microassay of superoxide dismutase-inhibitable cytochrome c reduction in response to several soluble and particulate agonists. Superoxides 12-14 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 95-107 2838419-5 1988 However, exposure of monocytes to recombinant IL 1 alpha or IL 1 beta resulted in enhanced generation of superoxide response following stimulation with PMA. Superoxides 105-115 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 60-69 24221416-6 1988 Catalase, cyanide and ascorbate, a superoxide scavenger, all individually inhibited the SHAM-stimulated O2 uptake. Superoxides 35-45 catalase Homo sapiens 0-8 2837920-3 1988 Compared to the superoxide dismutase-sensitive reduction of acetylated cytochrome c, a 3750-fold lower amount of microsomal protein was necessary to produce an O2- signal 10-fold above the background. Superoxides 160-162 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 71-83 2830926-1 1988 Upon activation by formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), either in the presence of absence of cytochalasin B, neutrophils from old subjects generated significantly less superoxide than did neutrophils from the young. Superoxides 177-187 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 58-62 3349599-1 1988 This assay for superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) activity involves inhibition of nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, with xanthine-xanthine oxidase used as a superoxide generator. Superoxides 15-25 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 37-40 2832316-2 1988 The lymphokine inhibited the locomotion of neutrophils and augmented the neutrophil oxygen-dependent respiratory burst in response to N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), as measured by their capacity to produce chemiluminescence, H2O2 and superoxide. Superoxides 293-303 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 181-185 2827903-7 1988 Exposure of JB6 cells to 0.2- (superoxide anion radical) generated exogenously by the aerobic xanthine oxidase reaction resulted in promotion of neoplastic transformation that was prevented by concurrent addition of CuZn-SOD. Superoxides 31-55 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 216-224 2827903-11 1988 GSH-Px activity recovered to basal levels within 4 h and CuZn-SOD within 48 h. Catalase activity was maximally reduced to 50% of basal within 1 h after TPA treatment and rebounded to greater than basal levels within 4 h. It is postulated that a c-kinase-dependent event induces rapid elevation of superoxide anion following TPA exposure and that this leads to reduced activity of antioxidant enzymes. Superoxides 297-313 catalase Homo sapiens 79-87 3367538-11 1988 These findings suggest that superoxide radical anion and its scavenger, superoxide dismutase, may play an important role in the pathogenesis of liver cell necrosis. Superoxides 28-52 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 72-92 3359197-5 1988 These data suggest that the reduction of CuZn-SOD and Mn-SOD activities during ischemia, in conjunction with the significant decrease in the contents of alpha-tocopherol and other endogenous antioxidants, may compromise the brain"s ability to defend against the toxic effects of superoxide radicals formed by ischemia and by subsequent reoxygenation. Superoxides 279-298 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 41-49 2855005-0 1988 Reactions of myeloperoxidase with superoxide and hydrogen peroxide: significance for its function in the neutrophil. Superoxides 34-44 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 13-28 2465241-5 1988 Any changes in the total activity of MPO may reflect the balance between the factors which may stimulate it as tumor promoters enhancing the production of superoxide anion or the inhibitory effect of plasma. Superoxides 155-171 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 37-40 3256529-8 1988 The data suggest the possible involvement of superoxide radicals in the inactivation of catalase by ozone. Superoxides 45-55 catalase Homo sapiens 88-96 3384345-11 1988 It appears that the SOD mimic, DF-Mn, can enter mammalian cells and can protect against the cytotoxic effects of O2-. Superoxides 113-115 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 20-23 2842264-8 1988 Under these conditions superoxide release, measured by cytochrome c reduction, was inhibited to a lesser degree. Superoxides 23-33 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 55-67 2847985-0 1988 Increased superoxide anion production and glutathione peroxidase activity in peritoneal macrophages from autoimmune-prone MRL/Mp-Ipr/lpr mice. Superoxides 10-26 Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6) Mus musculus 133-136 2828451-6 1988 As a parameter of cell activation, superoxide release (SOR) was measured by cytochrome C reduction in the supernatant after 30, 60, and 90 minutes. Superoxides 35-45 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 76-88 2826882-21 1988 Taking advantage of this information, treatment of ATP or of supernatant fluids from thrombin-stimulated platelets with alkaline phosphatase (resulting in formation of adenosine) converts the O2-. Superoxides 192-194 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 85-93 2826882-28 1988 These data demonstrate a direct relationship between effects of adenine compounds on FMLP induced changes in cytosolic Ca++ and the associated O2-. Superoxides 143-146 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 85-89 2848181-2 1988 Human C-reactive protein activates peritoneal macrophages of guinea pigs to release superoxide anion in vitro. Superoxides 84-100 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 6-24 2848181-3 1988 The effect of human C-reactive protein (CRP) on macrophage function was studied in an assay of superoxide anion (O2-) production. Superoxides 95-111 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 40-43 2848181-4 1988 Peritoneal exudate macrophages (PEM) of guinea pigs exposed in vitro to various doses of CRP for 72 hr resulted in the development of O2- production dose-dependently, measured by increases in superoxide dismutase-inhibitable nitro blue tetrazolium reduction. Superoxides 134-136 C-reactive protein Cavia porcellus 89-92 2848181-6 1988 The O2- production by PEM exposed to CRP for 18 hr when control PEM were still high in O2- production, was decreased by larger doses of CRP, while PEM cultured without CRP for 72 hr, when O2- production by control PEM was very low, followed by incubation with CRP for another 18 hr, produced O2- CRP-dose-dependently as in the case of that observed after 72-hr incubation with CRP. Superoxides 4-6 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 37-40 2848181-6 1988 The O2- production by PEM exposed to CRP for 18 hr when control PEM were still high in O2- production, was decreased by larger doses of CRP, while PEM cultured without CRP for 72 hr, when O2- production by control PEM was very low, followed by incubation with CRP for another 18 hr, produced O2- CRP-dose-dependently as in the case of that observed after 72-hr incubation with CRP. Superoxides 4-6 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 136-139 2848181-6 1988 The O2- production by PEM exposed to CRP for 18 hr when control PEM were still high in O2- production, was decreased by larger doses of CRP, while PEM cultured without CRP for 72 hr, when O2- production by control PEM was very low, followed by incubation with CRP for another 18 hr, produced O2- CRP-dose-dependently as in the case of that observed after 72-hr incubation with CRP. Superoxides 4-6 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 136-139 2848181-6 1988 The O2- production by PEM exposed to CRP for 18 hr when control PEM were still high in O2- production, was decreased by larger doses of CRP, while PEM cultured without CRP for 72 hr, when O2- production by control PEM was very low, followed by incubation with CRP for another 18 hr, produced O2- CRP-dose-dependently as in the case of that observed after 72-hr incubation with CRP. Superoxides 4-6 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 136-139 2848181-6 1988 The O2- production by PEM exposed to CRP for 18 hr when control PEM were still high in O2- production, was decreased by larger doses of CRP, while PEM cultured without CRP for 72 hr, when O2- production by control PEM was very low, followed by incubation with CRP for another 18 hr, produced O2- CRP-dose-dependently as in the case of that observed after 72-hr incubation with CRP. Superoxides 4-6 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 136-139 2848181-6 1988 The O2- production by PEM exposed to CRP for 18 hr when control PEM were still high in O2- production, was decreased by larger doses of CRP, while PEM cultured without CRP for 72 hr, when O2- production by control PEM was very low, followed by incubation with CRP for another 18 hr, produced O2- CRP-dose-dependently as in the case of that observed after 72-hr incubation with CRP. Superoxides 4-6 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 136-139 2848181-6 1988 The O2- production by PEM exposed to CRP for 18 hr when control PEM were still high in O2- production, was decreased by larger doses of CRP, while PEM cultured without CRP for 72 hr, when O2- production by control PEM was very low, followed by incubation with CRP for another 18 hr, produced O2- CRP-dose-dependently as in the case of that observed after 72-hr incubation with CRP. Superoxides 87-89 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 37-40 2848181-6 1988 The O2- production by PEM exposed to CRP for 18 hr when control PEM were still high in O2- production, was decreased by larger doses of CRP, while PEM cultured without CRP for 72 hr, when O2- production by control PEM was very low, followed by incubation with CRP for another 18 hr, produced O2- CRP-dose-dependently as in the case of that observed after 72-hr incubation with CRP. Superoxides 87-89 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 37-40 2446631-2 1987 The potency of that inhibition by either PGD2 or PGE1 was the same when zymosan was used as a stimulator whereas PGE2 and 6-keto-PGE1 were by 13 and 21 times less potent inhibitors of O2-) in zymosan-stimulated as compared to FMLP-activated PMNs. Superoxides 184-186 prostaglandin D2 synthase Homo sapiens 41-45 2446631-5 1987 It is concluded that PGD2 and PGEs use a common basic mechanism for inhibition of the generation of O2- by PMNs activated with FMLP or zymosan. Superoxides 100-102 prostaglandin D2 synthase Homo sapiens 21-25 2446631-5 1987 It is concluded that PGD2 and PGEs use a common basic mechanism for inhibition of the generation of O2- by PMNs activated with FMLP or zymosan. Superoxides 100-102 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 127-131 2446631-8 1987 It is hypothesised that inhibition of the generation of O2- in PMNs and, possibly, in other cells by PGD2, PGE2 and by products of prostacyclin biotransformation might be responsible for their cytoprotective action in myocardial infarction, stroke, liver damage and peripheral vascular disease. Superoxides 56-58 prostaglandin D2 synthase Homo sapiens 101-105 2824615-0 1987 Enhancement of neutrophil superoxide production by preincubation with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor. Superoxides 26-36 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 88-109 2824615-5 1987 Although exposure of neutrophils to TNF alone caused no superoxide anion production, it enhanced the O2- production in response to the chemotactic peptide, f-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) or the tumor promotor, phorbol myristate acetate, by as much as 278%. Superoxides 101-103 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 36-39 2824615-7 1987 The TNF enhancement of FMLP-induced O2- production was blocked when an anti-TNF monoclonal antibody 241-1H11, is present during the preincubation period. Superoxides 36-38 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 4-7 2824615-7 1987 The TNF enhancement of FMLP-induced O2- production was blocked when an anti-TNF monoclonal antibody 241-1H11, is present during the preincubation period. Superoxides 36-38 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 76-79 2824608-4 1987 Purified MONAP stimulate human neutrophil chemotaxis at an estimated molarity of 5 x 10(-11) M. Half-maximal enzyme release of cytochalasin B pretreated neutrophils occurred at 2 to 3 x 10(-10) M, whereas superoxide anion production elicited by various concentrations of MONAP was found to be low. Superoxides 205-221 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 9-14 2826385-4 1987 Our findings suggest that XO-derived O2 metabolites contribute to acute edematous lung injury from hyperoxia directly and by enhancing susceptibility to neutrophil elastase. Superoxides 37-39 elastase, neutrophil expressed Rattus norvegicus 153-172 2823131-4 1987 The number of breaks was reduced by the prior addition of a metal chelator, indicating that some of the breaks may have been caused by the metal-catalyzed (Fenton reaction) reduction products, hydrogen peroxide or hydroxyl radical Catalase almost completely inhibited break induction by O2-, evidence for a role of hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 287-289 catalase Homo sapiens 231-239 2820532-0 1987 Regulation of neutrophil migration and superoxide production by recombinant tumor necrosis factors-alpha and -beta: comparison to recombinant interferon-gamma and interleukin-1 alpha. Superoxides 39-49 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 76-114 2828616-1 1987 The antiinflammatory agent piroxicam caused dose dependent inhibition of N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) induced monocyte superoxide release in vitro, but had no effect on the response to serum treated zymosan, phorbol myristate acetate or the calcium ionophore A23187. Superoxides 136-146 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 113-117 2828616-2 1987 The inhibitory effect on the superoxide response to FMLP correlated with inhibition of specific 3H-FMLP binding. Superoxides 29-39 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 52-56 2828616-2 1987 The inhibitory effect on the superoxide response to FMLP correlated with inhibition of specific 3H-FMLP binding. Superoxides 29-39 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 99-103 2824301-4 1987 The production of superoxide anion by the neutrophils upon exposure to the liver membrane vesicles prepared from the same patient was assessed by measuring the rate of cytochrome c reduction before and after the addition of superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 18-34 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 168-180 3039994-0 1987 O2- photogenerated from aqueous solutions of tetracycline antibiotics (pH 7.3) as evidenced by DMPO spin trapping and cytochrome c reduction. Superoxides 0-2 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 118-130 3039994-1 1987 UV-irradiation of several tetracycline antibiotics in aqueous buffer (pH 7.3) resulted in the generation of the superoxide anion radical (O2-) which was detected by cytochrome c reduction and by spin trapping with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide and was inhibited by superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 112-136 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 165-177 3039994-1 1987 UV-irradiation of several tetracycline antibiotics in aqueous buffer (pH 7.3) resulted in the generation of the superoxide anion radical (O2-) which was detected by cytochrome c reduction and by spin trapping with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide and was inhibited by superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 138-141 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 165-177 3663400-1 1987 It has been established that the pyrogallol autoxidation method for the estimation of the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (EC 1.15.1.1) is superior in precision and sensitivity to a superoxide-generating method (NADH/phenazine methosulfate linked to nitroblue tetrazolium reduction). Superoxides 102-112 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 124-127 3038302-5 1987 Mo exposed to CRP for 48 h also demonstrated elevated superoxide anion production when challenged with phorbol myristate acetate. Superoxides 54-70 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 14-17 2824343-5 1987 C5a elicited release of beta-glucuronidase as well as generation of superoxide-anions was seen more often to be impaired as compared to chemotactic migration. Superoxides 68-85 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 2959729-2 1987 The combination of 10 nM RA and IFN-alpha A/D at concentrations of 120 units/ml and higher induces differentiation into cells having many monocytic characteristics such as monocyte-like morphology, ability of superoxide anion production, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and nonspecific esterase activity. Superoxides 209-225 interferon alpha 1 Homo sapiens 32-41 3039121-0 1987 Beta-endorphin stimulates human polymorphonuclear leukocyte superoxide production via a stereoselective opiate receptor. Superoxides 60-70 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 0-14 3039121-3 1987 In this study we used a ferricytochrome C reduction microassay to measure superoxide (O2-) production by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes after stimulation with beta-endorphin (beta-END). Superoxides 74-84 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 163-177 3039121-3 1987 In this study we used a ferricytochrome C reduction microassay to measure superoxide (O2-) production by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes after stimulation with beta-endorphin (beta-END). Superoxides 74-84 proopiomelanocortin Homo sapiens 179-187 2820637-5 1987 Adherent cells produced considerably higher amounts of superoxide than suspended cells when stimulated with formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, ionophore A 23187, C5a, C5adesArg, and the platelet activating factor 1-o-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine. Superoxides 55-65 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 166-169 3036985-2 1987 Larger volume was shown to correlate with increased superoxide release with either the chemotactic peptide F-met-leu-phe (FMLP) or the tumor promotor phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Superoxides 52-62 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 122-126 3034277-0 1987 Effects of the protein kinase C inhibitor H-7 and calmodulin antagonist W-7 on superoxide production in growing and resting human histiocytic leukemia cells (U937). Superoxides 79-89 calmodulin 1 Homo sapiens 50-60 3034277-3 1987 Both the protein kinase C inhibitor 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl) 2-methylpiperidine (H-7) and calmodulin antagonist N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7) reduced the superoxide generation induced by these stimuli. Superoxides 184-194 calmodulin 1 Homo sapiens 93-103 3567194-3 1987 Ferrous chloride-induced depolarization was prevented by superoxide dismutase, catalase and dimethyl sulfoxide, suggesting roles for the superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and the hydroxyl radical in effecting this depolarization, possibly through a Fenton-type reaction mechanism. Superoxides 137-153 catalase Rattus norvegicus 79-87 3031166-1 1987 Superoxide production by stimulated phagocytes is commonly measured by reduction of ferricytochrome C, with specificity of the assay assumed if the reaction is inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 173-193 3031166-1 1987 Superoxide production by stimulated phagocytes is commonly measured by reduction of ferricytochrome C, with specificity of the assay assumed if the reaction is inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 195-198 3031166-7 1987 These effects of catalase and SOD on ferricytochrome C reduction/ferrocytochrome C oxidation were also demonstrated when superoxide was produced independently of monocytes by a xanthine and xanthine oxidase generating system. Superoxides 121-131 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 30-33 3031166-8 1987 It is concluded that the assay of superoxide, using "SOD inhibitable" reduction of ferricytochrome C, underestimates superoxide production. Superoxides 34-44 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 53-56 3031166-8 1987 It is concluded that the assay of superoxide, using "SOD inhibitable" reduction of ferricytochrome C, underestimates superoxide production. Superoxides 117-127 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 53-56 3034162-4 1987 These experiments address this apparent contradiction and focus on the specific issue of why the addition of SOD protects at low but not at high O2 concentrations. Superoxides 145-147 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 109-112 3495372-1 1987 The scavenger effect of melanin and of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity on superoxide anion has been shown. Superoxides 78-94 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 39-59 3495372-1 1987 The scavenger effect of melanin and of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity on superoxide anion has been shown. Superoxides 78-94 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 61-64 2441083-4 1987 These results suggest that cytochrome c is directly reduced by the cuprous ion released from bleomycin-Cu (II) in a reducing reaction with cysteine and nitroblue tetrazolium chloride is reduced by the superoxide anion formed in the reaction of the cuprous ion with oxygen. Superoxides 201-217 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 27-39 3031189-4 1987 Following this receptor-mediated interaction, recombinant TNF-alpha was found to inhibit the migration of PMNs under agarose and to enhance PMN production of superoxide anion (O-2) in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 158-174 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 58-67 3031189-4 1987 Following this receptor-mediated interaction, recombinant TNF-alpha was found to inhibit the migration of PMNs under agarose and to enhance PMN production of superoxide anion (O-2) in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 176-179 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 58-67 3801673-2 1987 Buffy coat granulocytes incubated with as little as 0.5 ng/mL of recombinant TNF (rTNF) showed a dose-related increase in nitroblue tetrazolium dye reduction, in granulocyte polarization, in superoxide anion release, and in visually apparent aggregation. Superoxides 191-207 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 77-80 2823014-4 1987 The most consistently abnormal of these tests was the fMLP-stimulated superoxide anion generation, which was low in six of seven patients tested. Superoxides 70-86 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 54-58 2823014-13 1987 From these studies it was concluded that fMLP-stimulated superoxide generation may be a sensitive marker for neutrophil dysfunction in the myelodysplastic syndrome. Superoxides 57-67 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 41-45 2949752-6 1987 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) accelerated 3-HAT auto-oxidation 4-fold, probably by preventing back reactions between superoxide and either the anthranilyl radical or the quinoneimine formed during the initial step of auto-oxidation. Superoxides 114-124 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 2949752-6 1987 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) accelerated 3-HAT auto-oxidation 4-fold, probably by preventing back reactions between superoxide and either the anthranilyl radical or the quinoneimine formed during the initial step of auto-oxidation. Superoxides 114-124 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 3032157-2 1987 Apo-lactoferrin and apo-transferrin protect against iron-ion-dependent hydroxyl-radical (.OH) generation from H2O2 in the presence of superoxide radicals or ascorbic acid at pH 7.4, whether the necessary iron is added as ionic iron or as ferritin. Superoxides 134-153 transferrin Homo sapiens 24-35 2820596-6 1987 In contrast, the addition of 1-naphthol to PMA-stimulated neutrophils interfered with superoxide-dependent cytochrome c reduction as well as luminol-dependent chemiluminescence and also resulted in protein binding. Superoxides 86-96 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 107-119 3040333-1 1987 Previous studies have suggested that neutrophil complement receptor type three (CR3) has two binding sites: (1) a site for fixed iC3b that does not trigger ingestion or a superoxide (O2-) burst, and (2) a function-triggering site for the beta-glucan component of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cell walls. Superoxides 171-181 integrin alpha M Mus musculus 80-83 3040333-1 1987 Previous studies have suggested that neutrophil complement receptor type three (CR3) has two binding sites: (1) a site for fixed iC3b that does not trigger ingestion or a superoxide (O2-) burst, and (2) a function-triggering site for the beta-glucan component of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cell walls. Superoxides 183-185 integrin alpha M Mus musculus 80-83 3667109-2 1987 It was found capable of dose-dependently (1-8 X 10(-5) M) inhibiting FMLP-induced activation, as shown by a decrease of enzyme release and free-radical formation (superoxide anion generation and chemiluminescence). Superoxides 163-179 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 69-73 3782096-6 1986 Cytochalasin B enhances several fMLP-stimulated neutrophil responses, including aggregation, superoxide production, and degranulation. Superoxides 93-103 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 32-36 3028671-2 1986 In eight experiments using different batches of enzyme, the mean +/- SE rate of superoxide generation from 100 U of enzyme measured as the superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of cytochrome c was 5.06 +/- 0.19 nmol/min in the first minute and 0.35 +/- 0.03 nmol/min subsequently. Superoxides 80-90 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 185-197 3021817-3 1986 In addition, rH GM-CSF enhanced N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine(FMLP)-stimulated degranulation of Cytochalasin B pretreated neutrophils and FMLP-stimulated superoxide production. Superoxides 161-171 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 69-73 3021817-3 1986 In addition, rH GM-CSF enhanced N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine(FMLP)-stimulated degranulation of Cytochalasin B pretreated neutrophils and FMLP-stimulated superoxide production. Superoxides 161-171 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 145-149 3027925-2 1986 The appearance of superoxide anion radical in cerebral extracellular space during VIP application was examined by measuring the rate of superoxide dismutase (SOD)-inhibitable reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT). Superoxides 18-42 vasoactive intestinal peptide Felis catus 82-85 3027925-4 1986 We also examined the effect of scavenging of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide by topical application of SOD plus catalase on the vasodilator effect of VIP (0.05-1.0 microgram/ml). Superoxides 45-55 vasoactive intestinal peptide Felis catus 151-154 2429406-6 1986 The collected metabolic data were interpreted in terms of a causal relationship between an increase in superoxide radical generation, secondary to cytochrome P-450 induction and a resulting increase in lipid peroxidation. Superoxides 103-121 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 147-163 3017990-2 1986 We have utilized monoclonal antibodies against the two IgG Fc receptors (p40 and p72) of U937 cells to stimulate the release of superoxide. Superoxides 128-138 DEAD-box helicase 17 Homo sapiens 81-84 3019354-3 1986 We have investigated the effects of these drugs on monocyte superoxide anion (SO) generation elicited by 5 different stimuli-opsonised zymosan (STZ), FMLP, A23187, TPA and fluoride--and sought correlations with effects on two processes which have been linked with monocyte activation, namely arachidonate (AA) release and transmethylation of phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) to phosphatidylcholine (PC). Superoxides 60-76 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 150-154 3019354-3 1986 We have investigated the effects of these drugs on monocyte superoxide anion (SO) generation elicited by 5 different stimuli-opsonised zymosan (STZ), FMLP, A23187, TPA and fluoride--and sought correlations with effects on two processes which have been linked with monocyte activation, namely arachidonate (AA) release and transmethylation of phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) to phosphatidylcholine (PC). Superoxides 78-80 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 150-154 3026233-2 1986 Superoxide anion production was determined by using the succinoylated cytochrome c reduction assay. Superoxides 0-16 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 70-82 3017475-2 1986 The membrane potential responses were correlated to the cells" respiratory burst capabilities as measured by nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction and/or superoxide production in response to FMLP; 40.2% +/- 15.1% (mean +/- SD) of cells depolarized to FMLP. Superoxides 154-164 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 191-195 3017475-8 1986 The percentage of depolarizing PMNs in response to FMLP was significantly correlated with the percentage of NBT-positive cells from both purified PMNs and from whole blood (r = .849, P less than .0005, r = .857, P less than .05, respectively), and with the amount of superoxide produced, expressed as a percentage of that amount produced by cytochalasin B (cyto-B)-pretreated cells (r = .565, P less than .01). Superoxides 267-277 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 51-55 16664999-0 1986 Hydroxamate-Stimulated O(2) Uptake in Roots of Pisum sativum and Zea mays, Mediated by a Peroxidase : Its Consequences for Respiration Measurements. Superoxides 23-27 peroxidase 1 Zea mays 89-99 16664999-3 1986 We also show that the hydroxamate-stimulated O(2) uptake is due to the activation of a peroxidase catalyzing reduction of O(2). Superoxides 45-49 peroxidase 1 Zea mays 87-97 16664999-3 1986 We also show that the hydroxamate-stimulated O(2) uptake is due to the activation of a peroxidase catalyzing reduction of O(2). Superoxides 122-126 peroxidase 1 Zea mays 87-97 16664999-7 1986 The consequence of the present finding for in vivo respiration measurements is that the use of low concentrations of salicylhydroxamic acid and uncoupler is reliable only in the presence of a suitable superoxide free radical scavenger which prevents activation of the peroxidase. Superoxides 201-211 peroxidase 1 Zea mays 268-278 3015137-2 1986 Superoxide anion generation was provoked at TNF concentration of 1 X 10(-11) M and maximal generation was attained at TNF concentration of 1 X 10(-9) M. We also show that movements of intracellular calcium may mediate the TNF-stimulated superoxide anion generation because 8-(diethylamino) octyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate hydrochloride--but not extracellular EGTA--inhibited the generation of superoxide anion. Superoxides 392-408 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 118-121 3015137-2 1986 Superoxide anion generation was provoked at TNF concentration of 1 X 10(-11) M and maximal generation was attained at TNF concentration of 1 X 10(-9) M. We also show that movements of intracellular calcium may mediate the TNF-stimulated superoxide anion generation because 8-(diethylamino) octyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate hydrochloride--but not extracellular EGTA--inhibited the generation of superoxide anion. Superoxides 392-408 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 118-121 3015137-3 1986 These results suggest that TNF may mediate some mechanisms of host defense by provoking superoxide anion generation from neutrophils. Superoxides 88-104 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 27-30 3520557-1 1986 The nuclear gene for manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD; superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) of yeast mitochondria was mapped on chromosome VIII and inactivated by gene disruption. Superoxides 42-52 oxidoreductase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 93-107 3698229-1 1986 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), enzymes that degrade superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, reduce size of infarction in anesthetized, open-chest dogs subjected to coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion. Superoxides 68-84 catalase Canis lupus familiaris 31-39 3698229-1 1986 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), enzymes that degrade superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, reduce size of infarction in anesthetized, open-chest dogs subjected to coronary occlusion followed by reperfusion. Superoxides 68-84 catalase Canis lupus familiaris 41-44 3003196-9 1986 In resident peritoneal macrophages that produced five times lower amounts of O2-, cytochrome b reduction was instead undetectable. Superoxides 77-79 cytochrome b, mitochondrial Mus musculus 82-94 3014952-8 1986 CL inhibition by SOD suggests that superoxide anion is involved in the production of CL. Superoxides 35-51 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 17-20 3933511-1 1985 An NADH cytochrome c reductase has been identified in plasma membrane fractions from neutrophils in addition to the superoxide producing NADPH oxidase which has been extensively studied by other investigators. Superoxides 116-126 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 8-20 2995254-6 1985 Streptococci which had been preopsonized by PARG, histone or by PHSTD also triggered superoxide generation by blood leukocytes, which was markedly enhanced by a series of cytochalasins. Superoxides 85-95 poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase Homo sapiens 44-48 2995444-4 1985 The time course of the alkalinization was similar to that of FMLP-stimulated O2- production, which was complete by 5 min. Superoxides 77-79 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 3935004-2 1985 The system is based on utilization of the enzymes, purine-nucleoside phosphorylase and xanthine oxidase, to generate superoxide ions. Superoxides 117-127 purine nucleoside phosphorylase Homo sapiens 51-82 3894498-6 1985 Cellular processes that maintain high ionic gradients appear especially vulnerable to the superoxide anion, thus necessitating the presence of CuZn SOD to scavenge toxic free radicals of oxygen. Superoxides 90-106 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 143-151 2996591-0 1985 Role of superoxide in the N-oxidation of N-(2-methyl-1-phenyl-2-propyl)hydroxylamine by the rat liver cytochrome P-450 system. Superoxides 8-18 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 102-118 2996591-9 1985 The formed hydroxylamine then uncouples the cytochrome P-450 system to generate superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 80-90 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 44-60 2996591-11 1985 This superoxide-mediated oxidation represents another pathway for N-oxidation by cytochrome P-450. Superoxides 5-15 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 81-97 2992450-0 1985 Production of the superoxide adduct of myeloperoxidase (compound III) by stimulated human neutrophils and its reactivity with hydrogen peroxide and chloride. Superoxides 18-28 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 39-54 2992450-1 1985 Examination of the spectra of phagocytosing neutrophils and of myeloperoxidase present in the medium of neutrophils stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate has shown that superoxide generated by the cells converts both intravacuolar and exogenous myeloperoxidase into the superoxo-ferric or oxyferrous form (compound III or MPO2). Superoxides 173-183 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 63-78 2992450-1 1985 Examination of the spectra of phagocytosing neutrophils and of myeloperoxidase present in the medium of neutrophils stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate has shown that superoxide generated by the cells converts both intravacuolar and exogenous myeloperoxidase into the superoxo-ferric or oxyferrous form (compound III or MPO2). Superoxides 173-183 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 249-264 2992450-4 1985 Thus it appears that myeloperoxidase in the neutrophil must function predominantly as this superoxide derivative. Superoxides 91-101 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 21-36 2992450-10 1985 Thus, although the reaction of neutrophil myeloperoxidase with superoxide does not appear to impair its chlorinating ability, the H2O2 concentration in its environment will determine whether the enzyme acts primarily as a catalase or peroxidase. Superoxides 63-73 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 42-57 2987038-0 1985 Superoxide dismutase inhibits the superoxide-driven Fenton reaction at two different levels. Superoxides 34-44 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 2987038-2 1985 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) completely inhibits the damage caused by a ferric-EDTA chelate in the presence of a superoxide-generating system. Superoxides 111-121 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 2987038-2 1985 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) completely inhibits the damage caused by a ferric-EDTA chelate in the presence of a superoxide-generating system. Superoxides 111-121 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 2989172-1 1985 Recent studies using inhibitors or synthetic substrates of serine protease suggest that membrane protease activity may be essential for neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis, degranulation, and superoxide production. Superoxides 192-202 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 59-74 2986556-8 1985 On the basis of these results and previous data on the lipid composition of hepatoma 3924A microsomes it is proposed that the high resistance to superoxide-dependent lipid peroxidation of hepatoma 3924A microsomes is related to the low substrate availability rather than the content of membrane antioxidants; and a limitation only in the propagation phase characterizes the hepatoma 9618A microsomal lipid peroxidation and would be due to the partial deficiency of the endogenous propagating agent, cytochrome P-450. Superoxides 145-155 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 499-515 3158597-9 1985 The cytochrome c reduction decreased with the presence of human erythrocytes during phagocytosis, indicating a scavenging effect on the superoxide anions. Superoxides 136-153 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 4-16 2989652-0 1985 Stimulation by lipoxygenase products of superoxide anion production in FMLP-treated neutrophils. Superoxides 40-56 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 71-75 2989652-1 1985 Our recent observation that leukotriene B4 (10(-9)M) is a potent enhancer of FMLP-initiated neutrophil superoxide anion formation prompted an evaluation of the ability of other lipoxygenase products and related compounds to modulate this response. Superoxides 103-119 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 77-81 2989652-3 1985 It is of interest that the relative potency of these agents in potentiating the superoxide response to FMLP approximately parallels their reported ability to induce chemotactic activity in leukocytes. Superoxides 80-90 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 103-107 2985075-3 1985 Pretreatment with PAF (0.0001 to 10 uM), which by itself did not elicit the burst, greatly enhanced the rate and extent of fMLP-induced superoxide production. Superoxides 136-146 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 123-127 2985075-4 1985 A synergism of a different kind was observed with the reversed stimulus sequence: Pretreatment with fMLP made the neutrophils capable to respond to PAF with superoxide production. Superoxides 157-167 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 100-104 2409774-1 1985 Histamine inhibits superoxide anion (O-2) production from human neutrophils stimulated by N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP). Superoxides 19-35 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 130-134 2984939-2 1985 The use of the Ficoll-Hypaque method resulted in spontaneous change of cell shape, enhanced formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP)-stimulated release of superoxide anion, increased release of lysosomal enzymes upon subsequent FMLP stimulation, and reduced chemotactic responsiveness, by comparison with the other methods. Superoxides 159-175 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 131-135 2990646-4 1985 The cell lysis by the superoxide-generating xanthine oxidase system was not significantly increased by SOD, but was significantly decreased by nitroblue tetrazolium and completely abolished by catalase. Superoxides 22-32 catalase Mus musculus 193-201 2985653-9 1985 Preincubation of neutrophils with NAF resulted in greater release of superoxide anion upon their subsequent stimulation by either bacterial phagocytosis or by phorbol myristate acetate, as compared with control neutrophils stimulated in a like manner. Superoxides 69-85 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 34-37 2984574-5 1985 We have studied the effect of GM-CSF/NIF-T on superoxide anion generation in response to the bacterial chemo-attractant N-formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine (f-MLP), and report here that PMNs preincubated with either purified natural GM-CSF or biosynthetic (recombinant) GM-CSF showed increased (as much as fourfold) superoxide anion production in response to f-MLP. Superoxides 46-62 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 159-164 2984574-5 1985 We have studied the effect of GM-CSF/NIF-T on superoxide anion generation in response to the bacterial chemo-attractant N-formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine (f-MLP), and report here that PMNs preincubated with either purified natural GM-CSF or biosynthetic (recombinant) GM-CSF showed increased (as much as fourfold) superoxide anion production in response to f-MLP. Superoxides 46-62 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 361-366 2984574-5 1985 We have studied the effect of GM-CSF/NIF-T on superoxide anion generation in response to the bacterial chemo-attractant N-formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine (f-MLP), and report here that PMNs preincubated with either purified natural GM-CSF or biosynthetic (recombinant) GM-CSF showed increased (as much as fourfold) superoxide anion production in response to f-MLP. Superoxides 318-334 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 159-164 2984121-4 1985 Afterwards, the amount of O2- produced became progressively higher in MPO-deficient cells at least until 120 min incubation with STZ. Superoxides 26-28 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 70-73 2984122-3 1985 To determine whether the same or different cellular pathways are utilized, neutrophils were stimulated to release O2- with combinations of f-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP) (10(-7)M), C5a (25 nM), Con A (100 micrograms/ml), arachidonic acid (100 microM), and PMA (1 microgram/ml). Superoxides 114-116 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 171-174 2986277-5 1985 Superoxide production was observed as superoxide dismutase-inhibitable cytochrome c reduction. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 71-83 2983715-4 1985 Blockade of the cytochrome c oxidase activity allows reproducible measurement of superoxide anion formation at low levels by red cells. Superoxides 81-97 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 16-28 2981649-3 1985 PGE1, PGE2, and PGD2 inhibit O2- generation (as measured by superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of ferricytochrome c) in a dose-dependent manner (10(-6)-10(-9) M) when human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) are stimulated with 10(-7) M of the chemotactic peptide, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP). Superoxides 29-31 prostaglandin D2 synthase Homo sapiens 16-20 2981649-3 1985 PGE1, PGE2, and PGD2 inhibit O2- generation (as measured by superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of ferricytochrome c) in a dose-dependent manner (10(-6)-10(-9) M) when human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) are stimulated with 10(-7) M of the chemotactic peptide, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP). Superoxides 29-31 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 331-335 2981649-5 1985 Increments of cyclic AMP (cAMP) (peak: fourfold) in PGE1, PGE2, and PGD2 treated PMN stimulated with PMA or STZ (in which O2- was not reduced) were similar to those in PG-treated PMN stimulated with FMLP (in which O2- was reduced markedly). Superoxides 122-124 cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide Homo sapiens 26-30 2981536-3 1985 Desferal also reacts with superoxide radical with a second-order rate constant approximately equal to 3 X 10(2) M-1 s-1 at pH 10.2 and approximately 9 X 10(2) M-1 s-1 at physiological pH. Superoxides 26-44 tumor associated calcium signal transducer 2 Homo sapiens 112-119 2981536-3 1985 Desferal also reacts with superoxide radical with a second-order rate constant approximately equal to 3 X 10(2) M-1 s-1 at pH 10.2 and approximately 9 X 10(2) M-1 s-1 at physiological pH. Superoxides 26-44 tumor associated calcium signal transducer 2 Homo sapiens 159-166 2417944-3 1985 These studies show that IFN gamma, but not IFN alpha beta, induce an activation phenotype (low mannose fucosyl receptor levels, high Ia, high superoxide release) in bone marrow macrophages. Superoxides 142-152 interferon gamma Mus musculus 24-33 3018065-1 1985 Addition of increasing concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) caused progressive decreases in dimethylthiourea (DMTU) concentrations which were inhibitable by simultaneous addition of catalase, but not the superoxide anion (O2-.) Superoxides 62-64 catalase Homo sapiens 188-196 3915305-3 1985 Superoxide anion production that was dependent on the presence of PQ++ was shown by following the superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of cytochrome c. Superoxides 0-16 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 144-156 3928764-1 1985 Adenosine is able to in vitro inhibit FMLP-dependent activation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes as evaluated by enzyme release, superoxide anion generation and chemiluminescence production. Superoxides 128-144 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 38-42 2989662-6 1985 Superoxide production increased spontaneously and decreased from the 4th day; lymphokine added on the 4th day supressed the decrease of superoxide production. Superoxides 136-146 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 78-88 6095912-3 1984 The penetration of the superoxide radicals across the liposomal membrane was detected by cytochrome c reduction in the inner liposome compartment. Superoxides 23-33 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 89-101 6095920-2 1984 At concentrations of the enzyme (1 microgram/ml) that can be found in the extracellular fluid during inflammation, the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-Cl system inhibited the opsonizing effect of IgG and C3b measured as phagocytic uptake and superoxide generation. Superoxides 231-241 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 119-134 6099711-2 1984 SOD activity was measured using two different systems of superoxide radical generation: pyrogallol autoxidation, and xanthine-xanthine oxidase reaction. Superoxides 57-75 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 6092375-0 1984 The effect of human serum transferrin and milk lactoferrin on hydroxyl radical formation from superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 94-104 transferrin Homo sapiens 26-37 6092375-4 1984 Partially saturated transferrin and lactoferrin present in normal subjects may protect cells from damage by binding iron that might catalyze hydroxyl radical formation from superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 173-183 transferrin Homo sapiens 20-31 6089934-3 1984 Superoxide (O2-) production by stimulated PMNs was assessed by the superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of cytochrome c. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 113-125 6089936-5 1984 Similar to PMN, PMN cytoplasts (PMN-CPs) produce equivalent amounts of O(2) in response to 10(-7) mol/L fMLP. Superoxides 71-75 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 104-108 6089936-8 1984 PMN-CPs release O(2) efficiently in the absence of external Ca++ when stimulated with 10(-7) mol/L fMLP, whereas PMNs release significantly less O(2) under the same conditions. Superoxides 16-20 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 99-103 6090467-6 1984 The initial rate and extent of fMLP-induced O2- production were also inhibited by [quin 2]i. Superoxides 44-46 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 31-35 6091557-0 1984 Redox state of cytochrome c in the presence of the 6-hydroxydopamine/oxygen couple: oscillations dependent on the presence of hydrogen peroxide or superoxide. Superoxides 147-157 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 15-27 6090887-3 1984 HgCl2 treatment of cells also caused a rapid leakage of superoxide radicals that were detected in their media by measurement of the reduction of exogenously added cytochrome c. Superoxides 56-66 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 163-175 6091291-5 1984 FMLP-dependent superoxide anion generation and chemiluminescence were specifically inhibited by heparin at the concentration of 25 micrograms/ml. Superoxides 15-31 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 2851553-3 1988 However, PMA potentiated AGEPC, pepstatin A, FMLP, LTB4, and A23187-stimulated superoxide anion (O2-) production. Superoxides 79-95 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 45-49 2851553-3 1988 However, PMA potentiated AGEPC, pepstatin A, FMLP, LTB4, and A23187-stimulated superoxide anion (O2-) production. Superoxides 97-99 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 45-49 2855081-5 1988 Superoxide generation was affected by the extracellular calcium ion or pretreatment with H-7 (PK-C inhibitor), but not by mepacrine (PLA2 inhibitor) or pertussis toxin (islet-activating protein: IAP). Superoxides 0-10 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 94-98 2846695-8 1988 These latter PMN, in correlation with increased receptor expression, had increased initial, maximal rates of FMLP-induced superoxide generation (10.2 vs 6.3 nmol/min/10(6) PMN for cells isolated and maintained at 4 degrees C) as a manifestation of their functional activation. Superoxides 122-132 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 109-113 3068520-4 1988 Tumor cells have the capacity to produce superoxide radical, the substrate for SOD. Superoxides 41-59 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 79-82 2847946-0 1988 Synthesis of acylated SOD derivatives which bind to the biomembrane lipid surface and dismutate extracellular superoxide radicals. Superoxides 110-120 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 2847946-3 1988 To metabolize extracellular superoxide radicals effectively at or near cell membranes, we synthesized amphipathic superoxide dismutase (SOD) derivatives (AC-SOD) by covalently linking hydrophobic fatty acids with different chain lengths, such as caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid and myristic acid, to the lysyl amino groups of the enzyme. Superoxides 28-38 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 114-134 2847946-3 1988 To metabolize extracellular superoxide radicals effectively at or near cell membranes, we synthesized amphipathic superoxide dismutase (SOD) derivatives (AC-SOD) by covalently linking hydrophobic fatty acids with different chain lengths, such as caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid and myristic acid, to the lysyl amino groups of the enzyme. Superoxides 28-38 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 136-139 2847946-8 1988 These results suggested that AC-SOD bound to cell membranes and effectively dismutated superoxide radicals at or on the outer surface of plasma membranes. Superoxides 87-97 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 32-35 3263703-1 1988 Manganous superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) scavenges potentially toxic superoxide radicals produced in the mitochondria. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 32-37 2846726-1 1988 Preincubation of human neutrophils with recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha has previously been shown by us to enhance superoxide production of neutrophils in response to the chemotactic peptide formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, and the phorbol ester, phorbol myristate acetate. Superoxides 123-133 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 52-79 2846726-5 1988 Finally, the enhancement of O2 production by pretreatment of neutrophils with TNF was found to be independent of a pertussis toxin-sensitive guanine nucleotide regulatory protein. Superoxides 28-30 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 78-81 2852770-0 1988 Ca2+ ionophores inhibit superoxide generation by chemotactic peptide in rabbit neutrophils and the correlation with intracellular calcium. Superoxides 24-34 carbonic anhydrase 2 Oryctolagus cuniculus 0-3 2852770-1 1988 Effects of Ca2+ ionophores, A23187 and lasalocid, on superoxide anion generation by chemotactic peptide, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine methyl ester, in rabbit peritoneal exudate neutrophils were studied. Superoxides 53-69 carbonic anhydrase 2 Oryctolagus cuniculus 11-14 2852770-8 1988 It may be concluded that the inhibition of superoxide generation by these ionophores is correlated to intracellular Ca2+ modulation. Superoxides 43-53 carbonic anhydrase 2 Oryctolagus cuniculus 116-119 2844279-8 1988 Our results suggest that this effect is due to the SOD inhibition of the destruction of DMPO-OH.by superoxide ion. Superoxides 99-109 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 51-54 2844854-2 1988 Treatment of human neutrophils with botulinum C2 toxin for 45 min increased FMLP-stimulated superoxide anion (O2-) production 1.5-5-fold, whereas only a minor fraction of the cellular actin pool (approximately 20%) was ADP-ribosylated. Superoxides 92-108 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 76-80 2844854-2 1988 Treatment of human neutrophils with botulinum C2 toxin for 45 min increased FMLP-stimulated superoxide anion (O2-) production 1.5-5-fold, whereas only a minor fraction of the cellular actin pool (approximately 20%) was ADP-ribosylated. Superoxides 110-112 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 76-80 2845199-6 1988 Before bypass, the superoxide production of FMLP-stimulated polymorphonuclear neutrophils was comparable in the two groups. Superoxides 19-29 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 3219186-2 1988 We propose two types of markers: the first one is superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity involved in the conversion of superoxide radicals (O2-.) Superoxides 116-135 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 50-70 3219186-2 1988 We propose two types of markers: the first one is superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity involved in the conversion of superoxide radicals (O2-.) Superoxides 116-135 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 72-75 3219186-2 1988 We propose two types of markers: the first one is superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity involved in the conversion of superoxide radicals (O2-.) Superoxides 137-139 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 50-70 3219186-2 1988 We propose two types of markers: the first one is superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity involved in the conversion of superoxide radicals (O2-.) Superoxides 137-139 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 72-75 3182500-8 1988 Pretreatment with catalase (1,000 U/ml) and superoxide dismutase (250 U/ml) attenuated the EPR signal, indicating that proximal formation of O2 free radicals was in part responsible for the signal. Superoxides 141-143 catalase Oryctolagus cuniculus 18-26 2851210-3 1988 Evaluation in production of superoxide anion, caused by the activating effect of FMLP, proved to be useful as a diagnostic and prognostic criterion. Superoxides 28-44 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 81-85 2843104-2 1988 Legionella micdadei cells contain an acid phosphatase (ACP2) which blocks superoxide anion production by human neutrophils stimulated with formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) [A. K. Saha, et al. Superoxides 74-90 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 139-157 2843104-2 1988 Legionella micdadei cells contain an acid phosphatase (ACP2) which blocks superoxide anion production by human neutrophils stimulated with formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) [A. K. Saha, et al. Superoxides 74-90 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 159-163 2846218-8 1988 Superoxide anion production by PMN and monocytes from HD and CAPD patients in response to C5a and fMLP was also significantly decreased compared to controls. Superoxides 0-16 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 90-93 2846218-8 1988 Superoxide anion production by PMN and monocytes from HD and CAPD patients in response to C5a and fMLP was also significantly decreased compared to controls. Superoxides 0-16 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 98-102 2846218-9 1988 PMN superoxide production in response to C5a was decreased by an average of 36.5% (p less than 0.001) for HD patients and 32.0% (p less than 0.001) for CAPD patients. Superoxides 4-14 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 41-44 2846218-10 1988 fMLP-stimulated production of superoxide was also decreased but to a lesser degree with a mean decrease of 18.0% (p less than 0.01) for HD patients and 24.1% decrease (p less than 0.01) for CAPD patients. Superoxides 30-40 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 2846218-11 1988 This decreased responsiveness was restricted to C5a- and fMLP-stimulated superoxide production since phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated responses were comparable to controls. Superoxides 73-83 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 48-51 2846218-11 1988 This decreased responsiveness was restricted to C5a- and fMLP-stimulated superoxide production since phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated responses were comparable to controls. Superoxides 73-83 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 57-61 2846218-14 1988 Analysis of the binding of fluorescent C5a to PMN showed a direct correlation between decreased C5a binding and decreased O2- production and MPO release. Superoxides 122-124 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 39-42 2846218-14 1988 Analysis of the binding of fluorescent C5a to PMN showed a direct correlation between decreased C5a binding and decreased O2- production and MPO release. Superoxides 122-124 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 96-99 3220661-3 1988 Since intravenously injected Cu++/Zn++-type superoxide dismutase (SOD) rapidly undergoes renal glomerular filtration and appears in urine in its intact form, its clinical use as a scavenger for superoxide radicals has been highly limited. Superoxides 44-54 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 66-69 2967866-2 1988 Pre-treatment of neutrophils with PT completely inhibited FMLP stimulation of superoxide production and blocked over 95% of FMLP-stimulated degranulation. Superoxides 78-88 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 58-62 2844154-2 1988 To determine the mechanism(s) by which adenosine inhibits O2- generation stimulated by the chemoattractant N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (FMLP), we examined cyclic AMP (cAMP) concentrations, stimulated membrane depolarization and Ca2+ movements. Superoxides 58-60 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 145-149 3421921-7 1988 Both C5a and PMA stimulate superoxide production. Superoxides 27-37 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 5-8 3421921-8 1988 The action of C5a on superoxide formation is also inhibited by neomycin, a phospholipase inhibitor. Superoxides 21-31 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 14-17 3421921-10 1988 Phospholipase C and kinase C may, however, be components of the pathway leading from C5a binding to superoxide production. Superoxides 100-110 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 85-88 2843172-0 1988 Superoxide modulates the activity of myeloperoxidase and optimizes the production of hypochlorous acid. Superoxides 0-10 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 37-52 2843172-3 1988 To determine how O2- affects the formation of HOCl, chlorination of monochlorodimedon by myeloperoxidase was investigated using xanthine oxidase and hypoxanthine as a source of O2- and H2O2. Superoxides 17-19 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 89-104 2843172-3 1988 To determine how O2- affects the formation of HOCl, chlorination of monochlorodimedon by myeloperoxidase was investigated using xanthine oxidase and hypoxanthine as a source of O2- and H2O2. Superoxides 177-179 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 89-104 2843172-9 1988 Myeloperoxidase catalytically inhibited O2- -dependent reduction of Nitro Blue Tetrazolium. Superoxides 40-42 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 0-15 2843172-10 1988 This inhibition is explained by myeloperoxidase undergoing a cycle of reactions with O2-, H2O2 and O2-, with compounds III and II as intermediates, i.e., by myeloperoxidase acting as a combined SOD/catalase enzyme. Superoxides 85-87 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 32-47 2843172-10 1988 This inhibition is explained by myeloperoxidase undergoing a cycle of reactions with O2-, H2O2 and O2-, with compounds III and II as intermediates, i.e., by myeloperoxidase acting as a combined SOD/catalase enzyme. Superoxides 85-87 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 157-172 2843172-10 1988 This inhibition is explained by myeloperoxidase undergoing a cycle of reactions with O2-, H2O2 and O2-, with compounds III and II as intermediates, i.e., by myeloperoxidase acting as a combined SOD/catalase enzyme. Superoxides 85-87 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 194-197 2843172-10 1988 This inhibition is explained by myeloperoxidase undergoing a cycle of reactions with O2-, H2O2 and O2-, with compounds III and II as intermediates, i.e., by myeloperoxidase acting as a combined SOD/catalase enzyme. Superoxides 92-94 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 32-47 2843172-10 1988 This inhibition is explained by myeloperoxidase undergoing a cycle of reactions with O2-, H2O2 and O2-, with compounds III and II as intermediates, i.e., by myeloperoxidase acting as a combined SOD/catalase enzyme. Superoxides 92-94 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 157-172 2843172-10 1988 This inhibition is explained by myeloperoxidase undergoing a cycle of reactions with O2-, H2O2 and O2-, with compounds III and II as intermediates, i.e., by myeloperoxidase acting as a combined SOD/catalase enzyme. Superoxides 92-94 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 194-197 2843172-11 1988 By preventing the accumulation of inactive compound II, O2- enhances the activity of myeloperoxidase. Superoxides 56-58 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 85-100 2839459-1 1988 We have examined the potential of IFN-gamma to ameliorate the physiologic defect of CGD by studying its effects on CGD phagocyte superoxide generation, NADPH-oxidase kinetics, and expression of the gene for the phagocyte cytochrome b heavy chain. Superoxides 129-139 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 34-43 2839459-5 1988 All subjects whose phagocytes had responded in vitro showed complete or partial correction of the CGD defect in superoxide generation for up to 1 month after IFN-gamma administration. Superoxides 112-122 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 158-167 2834374-13 1988 A 47,000 Mr protein was phosphorylated with kinetics consistent with the production of O2- and DG in response to fMLP (early and late) and PMA (late). Superoxides 87-89 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 113-117 2843166-1 1988 NADPH-dependent superoxide production by intact human neutrophils is inhibited by DPI (diphenyleneiodonium), when stimulated by either FMLP (N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine) or PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate). Superoxides 16-26 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 135-139 2843167-7 1988 Secondly, the superoxide anions formed in the first step are dismuted by SOD to generate hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen, and hence the equilibrium in the first step is displaced in favour of the formation of superoxide anions. Superoxides 14-31 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 73-76 2843167-7 1988 Secondly, the superoxide anions formed in the first step are dismuted by SOD to generate hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen, and hence the equilibrium in the first step is displaced in favour of the formation of superoxide anions. Superoxides 216-233 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 73-76 2843167-10 1988 The superoxide anions do not seem to participate in the reduction of Fe3+ ions, since superoxide anions are rapidly dismuted by SOD present in the reaction mixture. Superoxides 86-103 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 128-131 2844208-1 1988 The modulation of cyclic AMP levels and superoxide release in isolated FMLP-stimulated human PMN by two oxacyclic analogs and one carbacyclic analog of PGI2 and by PGE1 is investigated over a wide range of concentrations of the test compounds. Superoxides 40-50 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 71-75 2844208-4 1988 In contrast, all prostanoids dose-dependently inhibit FMLP-induced superoxide release almost to completion. Superoxides 67-77 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 54-58 2834450-10 1988 rTNF plus either rIFN-gamma or rIL-2 triggered significant increases in superoxide anion production, but subsequent MAC killing was no greater than with rTNF alone. Superoxides 72-88 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 0-4 2836539-4 1988 In contrast to their inhibitory effects on granule exocytosis, diC6, diC8 and OAG enhanced FMLP-, AGEPC-, LTB4 and A23187-stimulated O2- production. Superoxides 133-135 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 91-95 2844739-3 1988 When the superoxide anions were trapped with cytochrome c, the proton release was increased (35.8 +/- 0.5 nmol/min/10(7) cells) until the cytochrome c was reduced. Superoxides 9-26 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 45-57 2844739-3 1988 When the superoxide anions were trapped with cytochrome c, the proton release was increased (35.8 +/- 0.5 nmol/min/10(7) cells) until the cytochrome c was reduced. Superoxides 9-26 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 138-150 2844739-4 1988 Since the protons released from the activated cells would be consumed by the generated superoxide anions in the extracellular medium, the net amount of the protons released was 3-4-fold greater than that observed in the absence of extracellular cytochrome c. Superoxides 87-104 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 245-257 2847495-2 1988 In the concentration range 10(2)-10(4) IU/ml beta-IFN enhanced superoxide anion (O2-) production evoked by the peptide N-formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine (FMLP), 10(-7) M, when O2- production elicited by FMLP in the absence of beta-IFN treatment was 2.43 +/- 0.32 nmol cytochrome C reduced/10(6) cells/min. Superoxides 63-79 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 158-162 2847495-2 1988 In the concentration range 10(2)-10(4) IU/ml beta-IFN enhanced superoxide anion (O2-) production evoked by the peptide N-formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine (FMLP), 10(-7) M, when O2- production elicited by FMLP in the absence of beta-IFN treatment was 2.43 +/- 0.32 nmol cytochrome C reduced/10(6) cells/min. Superoxides 180-182 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 158-162 2833660-7 1988 This ATP-induced rise in intracellular free Ca2+ concentration is correlated with the enhancement of FMLP-stimulated O2- generation both with respect to dose and nucleotide specificity. Superoxides 117-119 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 101-105 2831710-2 1988 O2- production by neonatal PMNs was increased: when stimulated with 10(-7)M FMLP, O2- values (nanomoles; mean +/- SE) produced by 10(6) PMNs were 16.5 +/- 1.3 for neonatal PMNs and 12.6 +/- 0.6 for adult PMNs (p less than .02). Superoxides 0-2 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 76-80 2831710-2 1988 O2- production by neonatal PMNs was increased: when stimulated with 10(-7)M FMLP, O2- values (nanomoles; mean +/- SE) produced by 10(6) PMNs were 16.5 +/- 1.3 for neonatal PMNs and 12.6 +/- 0.6 for adult PMNs (p less than .02). Superoxides 82-84 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 76-80 2831710-3 1988 When studied under various concentrations (10(-9) to 10(-6)M) of FMLP, neonatal PMNs produced more O2- than adult cells under the stimulation of a lower concentration (10(-8)M) as well as a higher concentration (10(-7)M) of FMLP. Superoxides 99-101 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 65-69 2831710-6 1988 To analyze further the mechanism for the increase in FMLP-induced O2- production by neonatal PMNs, we next studied whether there was some abnormality in their FMLP receptors. Superoxides 66-68 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 53-57 2831710-9 1988 These results demonstrate that the increased production of O2- by FMLP-stimulated neonatal PMNs is not due to the abnormality of its binding to the receptors but is due to that of the subsequent events. Superoxides 59-61 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 66-70 3129984-1 1988 DT diaphorase catalyzes the transfer of two electrons to quinones to form relatively stable hydroquinones, thus protecting cells from damage by semiquinone production and subsequent superoxide radical formation. Superoxides 182-192 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-13 2830314-2 1988 Preincubation of neutrophils with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rH TNF-alpha) enhanced the subsequent release of superoxide anion in response to various concentrations of N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (FMLP). Superoxides 130-146 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 52-79 2830314-2 1988 Preincubation of neutrophils with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rH TNF-alpha) enhanced the subsequent release of superoxide anion in response to various concentrations of N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (FMLP). Superoxides 130-146 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 84-93 2830314-2 1988 Preincubation of neutrophils with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rH TNF-alpha) enhanced the subsequent release of superoxide anion in response to various concentrations of N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (FMLP). Superoxides 130-146 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 226-230 2830314-4 1988 Not only was the total amount of superoxide anion released greater, but the rate of release was also enhanced threefold by rH TNF-alpha. Superoxides 33-49 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 126-135 2829357-0 1988 A newly defined property of somatotropin: priming of macrophages for production of superoxide anion. Superoxides 83-99 growth hormone 1 Rattus norvegicus 28-40 2833969-4 1988 The protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor H-7 prevented benoxaprofen-mediated activation of superoxide generation by PMNL. Superoxides 87-97 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 4-20 2833969-4 1988 The protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor H-7 prevented benoxaprofen-mediated activation of superoxide generation by PMNL. Superoxides 87-97 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 22-25 2826629-8 1988 This caused a parallel inhibition of Con A or FMLP elicited [Ca2+]i transients and O2- release, while burst activity stimulated by PMA was unaffected. Superoxides 83-85 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 46-50 2828112-3 1988 In this report we demonstrate that the build up in concentration of H2O2 during most reactions in which superoxide anion is being produced is not enough to affect the rate of cytochrome c reduction. Superoxides 104-120 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 175-187 2829860-1 1988 Cysteamine oxidation was shown to be catalysed by nanomolar concentrations of myeloperoxidase in a peroxidase-oxidase reaction, i.e. an O2-consuming oxidation of a compound catalysed by peroxidase without H2O2 addition. Superoxides 136-138 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 78-93 2450692-4 1988 Under these conditions, the content of cytochrome P450 was enhanced concomitantly with increases in the total microsomal oxygen uptake, superoxide radical generation and (+)-catechin (cyanid-3-ol) sensitive respiration. Superoxides 136-154 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 39-54 2853111-3 1988 This is prevented by superoxide dismutase (SOD), indicating that the superoxide radical is generated by the resulting Amadori compounds. Superoxides 21-31 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 43-46 3322281-4 1987 Crude and pure NAF stimulated human neutrophils to release granule enzymes and to produce superoxide and H2O2. Superoxides 90-100 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 15-18 2828775-7 1987 The superoxide radical-caused effect could be partially prevented by co-addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) which dismutates O2- to H2O2 and O2. Superoxides 4-22 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 84-104 2828775-7 1987 The superoxide radical-caused effect could be partially prevented by co-addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) which dismutates O2- to H2O2 and O2. Superoxides 4-22 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 106-109 2828775-7 1987 The superoxide radical-caused effect could be partially prevented by co-addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) which dismutates O2- to H2O2 and O2. Superoxides 128-130 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 84-104 2828775-7 1987 The superoxide radical-caused effect could be partially prevented by co-addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) which dismutates O2- to H2O2 and O2. Superoxides 128-130 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 106-109 2828775-7 1987 The superoxide radical-caused effect could be partially prevented by co-addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) which dismutates O2- to H2O2 and O2. Superoxides 137-139 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 84-104 2828775-7 1987 The superoxide radical-caused effect could be partially prevented by co-addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) which dismutates O2- to H2O2 and O2. Superoxides 137-139 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 106-109 2828775-8 1987 On the other hand, in the presence of antibodies against the SOD, the effect of superoxide anions on RNA-matrix attachment was enhanced and its inhibition by SOD was abolished. Superoxides 80-97 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 61-64 2822807-3 1987 Superoxide anion synthesis by stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) may be measured as superoxide dismutase-inhibitable cytochrome C (Cytc) reduction in a rapid microplate assay. Superoxides 0-16 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 135-147 2822807-3 1987 Superoxide anion synthesis by stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) may be measured as superoxide dismutase-inhibitable cytochrome C (Cytc) reduction in a rapid microplate assay. Superoxides 0-16 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 149-153 2822807-5 1987 Examination of the reduction kinetics indicated that depressed superoxide detection at higher cell densities might be a consequence of Cytc re-oxidation by later metabolites in the oxidative burst. Superoxides 63-73 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 135-139 2828610-3 1987 Studies with scavengers of reactive oxygen species revealed that, while reagents directed against singlet oxygen and the hydroxyl radical were without effect, cytochrome C reduced the response to A23187 by about 50%, suggesting that the superoxide anion radical is a major product of the activated human spermatozoon. Superoxides 237-261 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 159-171 2825613-3 1987 Preliminary experiments suggest that these drugs may exert their inhibitory effect on superoxide release by inhibiting the FMLP stimulated hydrolysis of phosphoinositides. Superoxides 86-96 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 123-127 2820532-1 1987 We compared the ability of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rHuTNF-alpha) and tumor necrosis factor-beta (rHuTNF-beta) to stimulate polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) migration and superoxide production. Superoxides 195-205 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 45-72 2821069-0 1987 Recombinant interferon gamma augments phagocyte superoxide production and X-chronic granulomatous disease gene expression in X-linked variant chronic granulomatous disease. Superoxides 48-58 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 12-28 2821069-2 1987 Granulocytes and macrophages from three patients in two kindreds with "variant" X-linked CGD (i.e., with very low, but detectable, baseline superoxide-generating activity) responded to IFN-gamma with enhanced nitroblue tetrazolium reduction and two- to eightfold increases in superoxide generation. Superoxides 140-150 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 185-194 2821069-2 1987 Granulocytes and macrophages from three patients in two kindreds with "variant" X-linked CGD (i.e., with very low, but detectable, baseline superoxide-generating activity) responded to IFN-gamma with enhanced nitroblue tetrazolium reduction and two- to eightfold increases in superoxide generation. Superoxides 276-286 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 185-194 3040725-0 1987 The reaction of superoxide, formate radical, and hydrated electron with transferrin and its model compound, Fe(III)-ethylenediamine-N,N"-bis[2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetic acid] as studied by pulse radiolysis. Superoxides 16-26 transferrin Homo sapiens 72-83 3040270-3 1987 Hydrogen peroxide and its biosynthetic precursor superoxide anion (O2-) mediate, however, a strong augmentation of the TCGF production by accessory cell-depleted T-cell populations in the presence of lactate. Superoxides 49-65 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 119-123 3040270-3 1987 Hydrogen peroxide and its biosynthetic precursor superoxide anion (O2-) mediate, however, a strong augmentation of the TCGF production by accessory cell-depleted T-cell populations in the presence of lactate. Superoxides 67-69 interleukin 2 Homo sapiens 119-123 3300657-5 1987 The PMN production of superoxide anion induced by various FMLP concentrations (10(-7), 10(-6) and 10(-5) M) was also decreased by diclofenac. Superoxides 22-38 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 58-62 3038212-9 1987 Neutrophil superoxide anion (O2-) production induced by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) was determined in the other 11 patients with MDS. Superoxides 11-27 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 97-101 3038212-9 1987 Neutrophil superoxide anion (O2-) production induced by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) was determined in the other 11 patients with MDS. Superoxides 29-31 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 97-101 3038212-11 1987 Preincubation with rhG-CSF caused a significant increase in fMLP-induced O2- production in nine of the 11 patients with MDS. Superoxides 73-75 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 60-64 3036978-6 1987 Our results demonstrate that amiloride inhibits superoxide anion production by FMLP, A23187, and opsonized zymosan by causing a slower rate of release and lower maximal release without altering lag time. Superoxides 48-64 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 79-83 3036978-9 1987 These data suggest that PMN superoxide release induced by FMLP, A23187, and opsonized zymosan is likely modulated by amiloride-sensitive Na+-H+ exchange; and phorbol ester-induced superoxide anion release and degranulation by any stimulant do not appear to be modulated by inhibition of an amiloride-sensitive Na+-H+ exchange. Superoxides 28-38 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 58-62 2820212-3 1987 In fact, chemiluminescence and superoxide anion generation by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) stimulated with zymosan particles or with the synthetic peptide FMLP are inhibited by nimesulide and its 4-OH metabolite in a dose dependent fashion without affecting cell viability. Superoxides 31-47 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 161-165 3038160-4 1987 PAF enhanced FMLP-elicited superoxide release in a dose-dependent fashion. Superoxides 27-37 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 13-17 3034779-3 1987 Human PMNs were reacted with different phagocytic stimuli in the presence and absence of lysosomal cationic proteins and the amount of O2- generated was determined by superoxide dismutase inhibitable reduction of cytochrome c. Superoxides 135-137 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 213-225 3034779-6 1987 A protein fraction mainly eluted in void volume inhibited the cytochrome c reduction by O2- formed during phagocytosis. Superoxides 88-90 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 62-74 3035031-5 1987 On the other hand, superoxide dismutase (SOD) (0.02-0.2 mg), a scavenger of superoxide anion, which had been injected intradermally just before UV radiation, significantly prevented the depletion of LC, although not completely (37-40% of the original density). Superoxides 76-92 superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Cavia porcellus 19-39 3035031-5 1987 On the other hand, superoxide dismutase (SOD) (0.02-0.2 mg), a scavenger of superoxide anion, which had been injected intradermally just before UV radiation, significantly prevented the depletion of LC, although not completely (37-40% of the original density). Superoxides 76-92 superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Cavia porcellus 41-44 3034672-4 1987 The production of the superoxide anion, as measured by the rate of reduction of cytochrome c, was negligible until a certain "critical" value of the bead:neutrophil ratio was reached. Superoxides 22-38 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 80-92 2436951-6 1987 Superoxide dismutase and catalase, which catalyze the breakdown of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, limit experimental myocardial infarct size. Superoxides 67-83 catalase Canis lupus familiaris 25-33 3828359-5 1987 Inhibition of ferric leghemoglobin reduction by superoxide dismutase and catalase indicated that superoxide and hydrogen peroxide may be intermediates in the reaction. Superoxides 48-58 leghemoglobin A Glycine max 21-34 3031132-2 1987 In this study, the effects of Ab 1-15 on PMN membrane-related functions were characterized: Ab 1-15 inhibited PMN superoxide (O-2) response to FMLP by 60% (P less than 0.005) without effect on the onset or duration of O-2 production. Superoxides 114-124 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 143-147 3030427-2 1987 When D-penicillamine was added to myeloperoxidase under turnover conditions, Compound III was formed, the superoxide derivative of the enzyme. Superoxides 106-116 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 34-49 3030427-7 1987 Concomitantly, Compound I of myeloperoxidase would be reduced to Compound II and superoxide anions would be generated from oxygen. Superoxides 81-98 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 29-44 3039355-1 1987 Human monoblast-like histiocytic lymphoma cell line U937 was induced by a macrophage activating factor for O2- production (MAF-O) to produce O2- in response to phorbol myristate acetate stimulation. Superoxides 107-109 MAF bZIP transcription factor Homo sapiens 123-126 3039355-1 1987 Human monoblast-like histiocytic lymphoma cell line U937 was induced by a macrophage activating factor for O2- production (MAF-O) to produce O2- in response to phorbol myristate acetate stimulation. Superoxides 107-110 MAF bZIP transcription factor Homo sapiens 123-126 3028273-1 1987 Citrate-Fe3+, reportedly a physiological chelate, exhibits superoxide dismutaselike activity, as evidenced by the inhibition of xanthine oxidase-dependent cytochrome c reduction; the dismutation of xanthine oxidase-generated superoxide to hydrogen peroxide and oxygen, and the enhanced disproportionation of potassium superoxide. Superoxides 59-69 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 155-167 3034003-4 1987 At the same concentrations both agents scavenged superoxide released by FMLP-activated PMNL, inhibited oxidant generation by extracellular MPO and decreased FMLP-induced auto-oxidation of PMNL. Superoxides 49-59 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 72-76 3033694-8 1987 SOD enzyme disposes cytotoxic superoxide radicals which, if not removed, could impair the normal functioning of cellular membrane and produce a variety of psychedelic compounds as well. Superoxides 30-49 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 3033694-9 1987 The activation of central SOD by lithium would enhance the disposal process of superoxide radicals whose pathological concentrations may be present in affective disorders. Superoxides 79-98 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 26-29 3025026-3 1987 This reoxidation can significantly affect estimates of rates and amounts of superoxide production using absorbance changes for cytochrome c at 550 nm as the assay. Superoxides 76-86 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 127-139 3037973-7 1987 Substance P, but not the other neuropeptides, increased substantially the proportion of macrophages able to secrete superoxide ions, suggesting a possible influence on macrophage capacity to deal with microbial infection. Superoxides 116-126 tachykinin precursor 1 Homo sapiens 0-11 3028347-5 1987 Superoxide was required for the initiation of LDL oxidation as indicated by inhibition of the reaction by early addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 124-144 3028347-5 1987 Superoxide was required for the initiation of LDL oxidation as indicated by inhibition of the reaction by early addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 146-149 3024757-4 1987 Superoxide anion production was measured as superoxide dismutase-inhibitable cytochrome C reduction. Superoxides 0-16 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 77-89 3024757-5 1987 Purified biosynthetic GM-CSF enhanced superoxide anion production by neutrophils in response to f-MLP, C5a desArg, and LTB4. Superoxides 38-54 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 96-101 3024757-5 1987 Purified biosynthetic GM-CSF enhanced superoxide anion production by neutrophils in response to f-MLP, C5a desArg, and LTB4. Superoxides 38-54 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 103-106 2836493-1 1987 Diazepam (DZP) inhibited in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner superoxide anion generation and chemiluminescence from human neutrophils stimulated by the formylated oligopeptide FMLP and by the calcium ionophore A23187. Superoxides 70-86 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 185-189 2836493-3 1987 Ro 5-4864, a specific ligand for peripheral type benzodiazepine (BZ) binding site, inhibited superoxide generation induced by FMLP, while clonazepam (CNZ), which is selective for brain sites, did not possess any activity. Superoxides 93-103 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 126-130 3032917-2 1986 Essentially all of the stimulation-specific DCIP reduction under aerobic conditions could be inhibited when high concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD), about 10 times those usually used to inhibit the superoxide (O-2)-mediated cytochrome c reduction, were used. Superoxides 131-141 superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Cavia porcellus 153-156 3023484-4 1986 Superoxide anion production by eosinophils stimulated with standard doses of the stimulant phorbol myristic acetate (TPA) (1 microgram/ml) was augmented approximately 20% by preincubation with IL 1. Superoxides 0-16 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 193-197 3023484-6 1986 At suboptimal doses of TPA, there was a dose-dependent inhibition of superoxide anion production in the presence of IL 1. Superoxides 69-85 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 116-120 3023484-8 1986 When IL 1 was added to eosinophils stimulated by TPA in the presence of calcium ionophore, there was a dose-dependent increase in superoxide anion production. Superoxides 130-146 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 5-9 3096995-6 1986 Moreover, delipidated apoB-100, containing less than 3% residual phospholipid, inhibited neutrophil responses to urate crystals or latex beads (degranulation and superoxide anion release) in a stimulus-specific manner. Superoxides 162-178 apolipoprotein B Homo sapiens 22-30 3024362-1 1986 Potassium superoxide (KO2) forms superoxide anion (O2-) in aqueous medium as measured by the superoxide dismutase (SOD)-inhibitable cytochrome c reduction assay of McCord and Fridovich. Superoxides 33-49 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 132-144 3020040-1 1986 When dihydrocytochalasin (dhCB) was added either prior to or after CHO-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP), the rate and duration of superoxide production in human granulocytes stimulated by fMLP was augmented. Superoxides 116-126 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 174-178 3020040-6 1986 Myeloperoxidase and lactoferrin release from fMLP-stimulated cells was induced by dhCB but was only partially correlated with the potentiating effects of dhCB on superoxide production and receptor expression. Superoxides 162-172 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 0-15 3020040-6 1986 Myeloperoxidase and lactoferrin release from fMLP-stimulated cells was induced by dhCB but was only partially correlated with the potentiating effects of dhCB on superoxide production and receptor expression. Superoxides 162-172 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 45-49 3018555-11 1986 From these results, it was concluded that superoxide radicals intracellularly generated by MV include DNA damage, which causes cytotoxicity and mutation induction in E. coli, and that DNA damage induced by oxygen radicals is repairable by at least recA, polA and exrA(lexA) gene-controlled mechanisms. Superoxides 42-61 DNA repair system Escherichia coli 263-273 3016052-8 1986 Our study shows that the suppression of both FMLP- and PMA-induced synthesis of O2- by neutrophils is most dramatic at a reduced pH and is probably related to the intracellular accumulation of F-. Superoxides 80-82 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 45-49 3016093-13 1986 These data indicate that H2O2 produced by LK-activated MP is derived exclusively by enzymatic dismutation of O2- mediated by a manganese-containing SOD. Superoxides 27-29 superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Cavia porcellus 148-151 3016093-14 1986 The increase in spontaneous H2O2 production induced by LK is therefore secondary to augmented O2- production that occurs at a cellular location where O2- is accessible to SOD. Superoxides 94-96 superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Cavia porcellus 171-174 3017361-2 1986 The possibility that the active oxygen participating in the above reaction is the superoxide anion (O2-) or a species generated from O2- was examined with the help of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and with an SOD-mimetic agent, CuDIPS [Cu2+(3,5-diisopropylsalicylic acid)2]. Superoxides 82-98 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 167-187 3017361-2 1986 The possibility that the active oxygen participating in the above reaction is the superoxide anion (O2-) or a species generated from O2- was examined with the help of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and with an SOD-mimetic agent, CuDIPS [Cu2+(3,5-diisopropylsalicylic acid)2]. Superoxides 82-98 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 189-192 3017361-2 1986 The possibility that the active oxygen participating in the above reaction is the superoxide anion (O2-) or a species generated from O2- was examined with the help of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and with an SOD-mimetic agent, CuDIPS [Cu2+(3,5-diisopropylsalicylic acid)2]. Superoxides 82-98 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 206-209 3019332-2 1986 [3H]-AA was released from pre-labeled cells upon AA stimulation, and phospholipase A2 inhibitors reduced in parallel the release of [3H]-AA and superoxide. Superoxides 144-154 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 69-85 3019332-4 1986 In a cell-free system, no release of [3H]-AA was observed after AA addition, whereas NADPH-oxidase was activated; the generation of superoxide was not inhibited by phospholipase inhibitors and was not initiated by adding phospholipase A2 to the preparation. Superoxides 132-142 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 221-237 3017216-3 1986 We now report that, in the presence of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, these drugs undergo redox cycling to generate superoxide which mediates a slow, reductive release of iron from ferritin, the major intracellular iron storage protein. Superoxides 119-129 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Homo sapiens 39-71 3016031-7 1986 With neutrophils stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate, which release very little myeloperoxidase, hydroxyl radical production was enhanced due to the additional superoxide produced by the cells. Superoxides 166-176 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 86-101 3026327-0 1986 Regulation of superoxide generation by myeloperoxidase during the respiratory burst of human neutrophils. Superoxides 14-24 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 39-54 3026327-5 1986 In cell suspensions stimulated in the presence of anti-(human myeloperoxidase) antibody, the magnitude of the initial phase of both O2 uptake and O2-. Superoxides 132-134 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 62-77 3026327-5 1986 In cell suspensions stimulated in the presence of anti-(human myeloperoxidase) antibody, the magnitude of the initial phase of both O2 uptake and O2-. Superoxides 146-148 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 62-77 3026327-7 1986 It is therefore proposed that a product of myeloperoxidase normally regulates the duration of O2-. Superoxides 94-96 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 43-58 3015137-0 1986 Tumor necrosis factor provokes superoxide anion generation from neutrophils. Superoxides 31-47 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-21 3015137-1 1986 We report that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) provokes superoxide anion generation from human neutrophils. Superoxides 52-68 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 15-36 3015137-1 1986 We report that tumor necrosis factor (TNF) provokes superoxide anion generation from human neutrophils. Superoxides 52-68 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 38-41 3015137-2 1986 Superoxide anion generation was provoked at TNF concentration of 1 X 10(-11) M and maximal generation was attained at TNF concentration of 1 X 10(-9) M. We also show that movements of intracellular calcium may mediate the TNF-stimulated superoxide anion generation because 8-(diethylamino) octyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate hydrochloride--but not extracellular EGTA--inhibited the generation of superoxide anion. Superoxides 0-16 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 44-47 3015137-2 1986 Superoxide anion generation was provoked at TNF concentration of 1 X 10(-11) M and maximal generation was attained at TNF concentration of 1 X 10(-9) M. We also show that movements of intracellular calcium may mediate the TNF-stimulated superoxide anion generation because 8-(diethylamino) octyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate hydrochloride--but not extracellular EGTA--inhibited the generation of superoxide anion. Superoxides 237-253 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 118-121 3015137-2 1986 Superoxide anion generation was provoked at TNF concentration of 1 X 10(-11) M and maximal generation was attained at TNF concentration of 1 X 10(-9) M. We also show that movements of intracellular calcium may mediate the TNF-stimulated superoxide anion generation because 8-(diethylamino) octyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate hydrochloride--but not extracellular EGTA--inhibited the generation of superoxide anion. Superoxides 237-253 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 118-121 3015425-4 1986 The membrane modulators mepacrine, chlorpromazine and cepharanthine inhibited the superoxide generation produced by chemotactic peptide, FMLP, and/or digitonin in neutrophils. Superoxides 82-92 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 137-141 3015425-5 1986 Inhibitory profiles of the activation parameters, however, demonstrate that membrane depolarization is not associated with superoxide generation: FMLP-induced depolarization was inhibited by the modulators tested and was accompanied by the suppression of superoxide generation, but the depolarization produced by digitonin was stimulated somewhat by these drugs. Superoxides 255-265 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 146-150 3008848-1 1986 The reaction of superoxide anions with myeloperoxidase (donor: hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.7), which results in the formation of Compound III of myeloperoxidase, was investigated. Superoxides 16-33 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 39-54 3008848-1 1986 The reaction of superoxide anions with myeloperoxidase (donor: hydrogen-peroxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.11.1.7), which results in the formation of Compound III of myeloperoxidase, was investigated. Superoxides 16-33 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 161-176 3008848-2 1986 It is shown that myeloperoxidase has a high affinity for superoxide anions because formation of Compound III was only partially inhibited by high concentrations of superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 57-74 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 17-32 3008848-3 1986 Furthermore, when superoxide anions were generated in a mixture of both cytochrome c and myeloperoxidase in the absence of Cl-, only Compound III was formed and reduction of cytochrome c was not observed. Superoxides 18-35 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 72-84 3008848-3 1986 Furthermore, when superoxide anions were generated in a mixture of both cytochrome c and myeloperoxidase in the absence of Cl-, only Compound III was formed and reduction of cytochrome c was not observed. Superoxides 18-35 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 89-104 3008848-3 1986 Furthermore, when superoxide anions were generated in a mixture of both cytochrome c and myeloperoxidase in the absence of Cl-, only Compound III was formed and reduction of cytochrome c was not observed. Superoxides 18-35 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 174-186 3008728-0 1986 Formation of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals from 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion (MPP+): reductive activation by NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase. Superoxides 13-23 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Homo sapiens 115-147 3005364-1 1986 Extracellular superoxide was detected in cultures of monkey and human arterial smooth muscle cells as indicated by superoxide dismutase inhibitable reduction of cytochrome c. Superoxides 14-24 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 161-173 3004378-6 1986 The chemiluminescence response correlated with superoxide reduction of cytochrome C. Superoxides 47-57 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 71-83 3017576-4 1986 A 3-day preincubation with IFN-gamma or 1 alpha,25(OH)2D3 resulted in a 5- to 10-fold increase in PMA-stimulated production of O2- as compared to cells preincubated in medium alone. Superoxides 127-129 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 27-36 3002297-3 1986 However, in contradistinction to normal cells pretreated with C5a, patient cells showed depressed superoxide response to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenyl-alanine (FMLP) and enhanced FMLP receptor affinity. Superoxides 98-108 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 62-65 3002297-3 1986 However, in contradistinction to normal cells pretreated with C5a, patient cells showed depressed superoxide response to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenyl-alanine (FMLP) and enhanced FMLP receptor affinity. Superoxides 98-108 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 163-167 3002297-5 1986 Our results showed a specific suppression of FMLP-induced superoxide production and a loss of low-affinity FMLP receptors. Superoxides 58-68 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 45-49 3707552-3 1986 The inhibition of this effect by superoxide dismutase and catalase suggests that superoxide radical and H2O2 are involved. Superoxides 81-99 catalase Homo sapiens 58-66 3000476-2 1986 These IgG antibodies, designated Ab 1-14 and Ab 1-15, were selected for detailed study after initial testing revealed their significant inhibition of PMN superoxide generation in response to N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (FMLP) (64% for 1-14 and 64% for 1-15; P less than .05). Superoxides 154-164 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 191-211 3940211-3 1986 Exposure of DNA to N-hydroxy-2-naphthylamine in the presence of catalase and superoxide dismutase, which break down hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions, respectively, inhibited the production of this base damage. Superoxides 138-155 catalase Homo sapiens 64-72 3024961-1 1986 Quantum mechanical simulations of the mechanism of action of superoxide dismutase (SOD) indicate that the presence of Arg-141 in the active site of the enzyme is responsible for the formation of an intermediate complex between superoxide and the enzyme in which the copper is not reduced. Superoxides 61-71 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 83-86 3024961-6 1986 These results are further support for the new proposed mechanism of action of SOD which is based on the inability of superoxide to reduce the cupric ion in the enzyme. Superoxides 117-127 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 78-81 2850268-2 1986 radicals in enzymatic and radiolytic systems were investigated over the temperature range from 20 degrees-50 degrees C. The generation rate and reaction kinetics of both enzymatically and radiolytically produced superoxide radicals were determined by a cytochrome c reduction assay. Superoxides 226-245 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 267-279 3003155-6 1986 In contrast, superoxide anion production stimulated by the complement anaphylatoxin peptide C5a or the synthetic chemotaxin formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine were not inhibited by C-I. Superoxides 13-29 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 92-95 3029208-3 1986 Adherent cells were examined for their capacity to generate superoxide radicals (determined by superoxide dismutase (SOD)-inhibitable cytochrome C-reduction) at stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), serum-treated zymosan (STZ), the calcium ionophore A23187, or the chemotactic tripeptide formyl-methionylleucylphenylalanine (FMLP). Superoxides 60-79 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 95-115 3029208-3 1986 Adherent cells were examined for their capacity to generate superoxide radicals (determined by superoxide dismutase (SOD)-inhibitable cytochrome C-reduction) at stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), serum-treated zymosan (STZ), the calcium ionophore A23187, or the chemotactic tripeptide formyl-methionylleucylphenylalanine (FMLP). Superoxides 60-79 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 117-120 3029208-3 1986 Adherent cells were examined for their capacity to generate superoxide radicals (determined by superoxide dismutase (SOD)-inhibitable cytochrome C-reduction) at stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), serum-treated zymosan (STZ), the calcium ionophore A23187, or the chemotactic tripeptide formyl-methionylleucylphenylalanine (FMLP). Superoxides 60-79 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 134-146 3029209-1 1986 The intracellular steady-state concentrations of hydrogen peroxide or superoxide anion were increased by inhibiting either catalase, glutathione peroxidase, or superoxide dismutase activities. Superoxides 70-86 catalase Homo sapiens 123-131 3029212-1 1986 The potential for iron bound to transferrin to be released and promote the peroxidation of phospholipid liposomes was investigated using ADP as a low molecular weight chelator and superoxide generated by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system as the reducing agent. Superoxides 180-190 transferrin Homo sapiens 32-43 3035044-0 1986 Significant enhanced superoxide anion (O2-) production in vitro by peripheral blood monocytes of lepromatous leprosy patients stimulated with liposome and suppression by C-reactive protein (CRP). Superoxides 21-37 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 170-188 3035044-0 1986 Significant enhanced superoxide anion (O2-) production in vitro by peripheral blood monocytes of lepromatous leprosy patients stimulated with liposome and suppression by C-reactive protein (CRP). Superoxides 21-37 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 190-193 3035044-0 1986 Significant enhanced superoxide anion (O2-) production in vitro by peripheral blood monocytes of lepromatous leprosy patients stimulated with liposome and suppression by C-reactive protein (CRP). Superoxides 39-41 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 170-188 3035044-0 1986 Significant enhanced superoxide anion (O2-) production in vitro by peripheral blood monocytes of lepromatous leprosy patients stimulated with liposome and suppression by C-reactive protein (CRP). Superoxides 39-41 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 190-193 3035044-6 1986 The most dramatic suppression of O2- shown when purified CRP was added to the mixtures in all groups examined [0.4 +/- 0.1 (500 ng), 0.3 +/- 0.0 (500 ng), 1.5 +/- 0.1 (100 ng), and 1.3 +/- 0.6 (100 ng) nm O2-/1.5 X 10(5) PBM/well for normals, IM, lepromatous, and tuberculoid, respectively]. Superoxides 33-35 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 57-60 3035044-6 1986 The most dramatic suppression of O2- shown when purified CRP was added to the mixtures in all groups examined [0.4 +/- 0.1 (500 ng), 0.3 +/- 0.0 (500 ng), 1.5 +/- 0.1 (100 ng), and 1.3 +/- 0.6 (100 ng) nm O2-/1.5 X 10(5) PBM/well for normals, IM, lepromatous, and tuberculoid, respectively]. Superoxides 205-207 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 57-60 3035044-7 1986 Results of O2- formation with incorporation of CRP into liposome as compared with liposome alone had no significant effect on PBM of lepromatous or tuberculoid patients. Superoxides 11-13 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 47-50 3008321-2 1986 The cells were activated with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and O2- production was measured as superoxide dismutase inhibitable cytochrome c reduction. Superoxides 81-83 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 145-157 3009354-1 1985 Stimulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or chemotactic factors such as f-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) activates a membrane oxidase which results in the generation of the superoxide anion (O2-) and the oxidation of NADPH to NADP+. Superoxides 201-217 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 127-131 3009354-1 1985 Stimulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or chemotactic factors such as f-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) activates a membrane oxidase which results in the generation of the superoxide anion (O2-) and the oxidation of NADPH to NADP+. Superoxides 219-221 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 127-131 3009354-6 1985 This pretreatment inhibited fMLP- and PMA-stimulated HMPS activity and O2- release by 80% and 60% respectively with a 50% inhibitory dose (ID50) of 5 X l0(-7)M. Measurement of reduced NADPH using 350 nm ultraviolet light-stimulated fluorescence and flow cytometry indicated that 6-aminonicotinamide had no effect on resting levels of NADPH fluorescence but significant inhibited the fluorescence recovery following stimulation with fMLP or PMA. Superoxides 71-73 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 3000940-1 1985 Human blood leukocytes generated large amounts of superoxide (O2-) following stimulation by certain "cocktails" of soluble agents consisting of poly-L-arginine (PARG), phytohemagglutinin, the chemotactic peptide formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine and polyanethole sulfanote (liquoid). Superoxides 50-60 poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase Homo sapiens 144-159 3000940-1 1985 Human blood leukocytes generated large amounts of superoxide (O2-) following stimulation by certain "cocktails" of soluble agents consisting of poly-L-arginine (PARG), phytohemagglutinin, the chemotactic peptide formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine and polyanethole sulfanote (liquoid). Superoxides 50-60 poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase Homo sapiens 161-165 3000940-1 1985 Human blood leukocytes generated large amounts of superoxide (O2-) following stimulation by certain "cocktails" of soluble agents consisting of poly-L-arginine (PARG), phytohemagglutinin, the chemotactic peptide formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine and polyanethole sulfanote (liquoid). Superoxides 62-65 poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase Homo sapiens 144-159 3000940-1 1985 Human blood leukocytes generated large amounts of superoxide (O2-) following stimulation by certain "cocktails" of soluble agents consisting of poly-L-arginine (PARG), phytohemagglutinin, the chemotactic peptide formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine and polyanethole sulfanote (liquoid). Superoxides 62-65 poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase Homo sapiens 161-165 3000940-9 1985 Since PARG acted both as a cytolytic agent and as a inducer of O2- generation, we postulate that lytic agents might also act as "primers" of the nascent membrane oxidase which could, however, be further potentiated and activated by soluble agents acting in "multiple hits," PARG could be totally replaced either by LL or by digitonin in the generation of O2- provided that both PHA and cytochalasin B were present in the reaction mixtures. Superoxides 63-65 poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase Homo sapiens 6-10 3000940-9 1985 Since PARG acted both as a cytolytic agent and as a inducer of O2- generation, we postulate that lytic agents might also act as "primers" of the nascent membrane oxidase which could, however, be further potentiated and activated by soluble agents acting in "multiple hits," PARG could be totally replaced either by LL or by digitonin in the generation of O2- provided that both PHA and cytochalasin B were present in the reaction mixtures. Superoxides 355-357 poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase Homo sapiens 6-10 2998488-1 1985 It was demonstrated that in the presence of blood serum menadione and vicasol reduce cytochrome c in two ways, i. e., via O2-. Superoxides 122-124 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 85-97 2995744-1 1985 Using the superoxide dismutase inhibitable reduction of cytochrome c assay, we studied, the effect of (-) naloxone on N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) stimulated superoxide (O2-) release from human neutrophils. Superoxides 10-20 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 56-68 2995744-1 1985 Using the superoxide dismutase inhibitable reduction of cytochrome c assay, we studied, the effect of (-) naloxone on N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) stimulated superoxide (O2-) release from human neutrophils. Superoxides 188-190 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 159-163 3877077-6 1985 Pertussis toxin pretreatment of both cell types inhibited FMLP stimulated membrane depolarization, exocytosis, and superoxide production in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 115-125 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 58-62 2995726-4 1985 Superoxide production to FMLP was 5.3 +/- 0.1 nmole FcC compared to 11.2 +/- 0.1 nmole for laboratory normals. Superoxides 0-10 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 25-29 2995988-6 1985 The majority of the remaining damage could be blocked, in a dose-dependent manner, by superoxide dismutase (SOD) or a SOD-mimetic copper complex, identifying a fraction of damage to intracellular DNA dependent upon extracellular O2-. Superoxides 229-231 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 86-106 2995988-6 1985 The majority of the remaining damage could be blocked, in a dose-dependent manner, by superoxide dismutase (SOD) or a SOD-mimetic copper complex, identifying a fraction of damage to intracellular DNA dependent upon extracellular O2-. Superoxides 229-231 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 108-111 2995988-6 1985 The majority of the remaining damage could be blocked, in a dose-dependent manner, by superoxide dismutase (SOD) or a SOD-mimetic copper complex, identifying a fraction of damage to intracellular DNA dependent upon extracellular O2-. Superoxides 229-231 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 118-121 2855027-4 1988 The dismutation of O2- accomplished by SOD, "free" copper ions, native Cp or partly copper-depleted Cp, is inhibited with equal efficiency by cyanide. Superoxides 19-21 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 39-42 6330249-4 1984 The intracellular calcium antagonist TMB-8 and the calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine both lengthened the lag periods for superoxide anion generation with either stimulus. Superoxides 124-140 calmodulin 1 Homo sapiens 51-61 6100790-2 1984 Flunarizine, a calcium entry blocker drug, concentration-dependently inhibited FMLP and A23187-induced aggregation, enzyme release and superoxide anion generation from human granulocytes. Superoxides 135-151 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 79-83 6330249-8 1984 These results suggest a role for intracellular free calcium and calmodulin-dependent reactions in activation of the superoxide anion generation system in response to either stimulus, and activation of lysosomal enzyme release system in response to A23187. Superoxides 116-132 calmodulin 1 Homo sapiens 64-74 6086524-3 1984 Superoxide release induced by FMLP was inhibited by all three drugs with half-maximal inhibition (KI50) at 2.5, 30, and 120 microM for sulfinpyrazone, phenylbutazone, and indomethacin, respectively. Superoxides 0-10 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 30-34 6327866-5 1984 The superoxide anion generated was measured by a cytochrome C reduction assay. Superoxides 4-20 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 49-61 6611436-2 1984 Preincubation of rabbit or human PMN with piroxicam inhibited the cellular responses elicited by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) such as superoxide anion (O2-) generation, granule enzyme release and chemotaxis. Superoxides 152-168 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 138-142 6611436-2 1984 Preincubation of rabbit or human PMN with piroxicam inhibited the cellular responses elicited by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) such as superoxide anion (O2-) generation, granule enzyme release and chemotaxis. Superoxides 170-172 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 138-142 6464779-3 1984 Superoxide dismutase, catalase and different hydroxyl radical scavengers (mannitol, tris, formate and ethanol) markedly reduced the haemolytic effect of copper and catecholamine, suggesting the possibility that superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide, formed in the reaction system, cooperate in producing hydroxyl radicals, which are directly involved in the haemolytic action. Superoxides 211-230 catalase Rattus norvegicus 22-30 6331532-2 1984 The penetration of superoxide radicals across the liposomal membranes was followed by cytochrome c reduction in the interval volume of the liposomes. Superoxides 19-29 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 86-98 6325341-0 1984 Poly-L-arginine and an N-formylated chemotactic peptide act synergistically with lectins and calcium ionophore to induce intense chemiluminescence and superoxide production in human blood leukocytes. Superoxides 151-161 poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase Homo sapiens 0-15 6325345-3 1984 Carbobenzoxy-phenylalanyl-methionine (CBZ-PM), which competitively inhibits formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) -induced neutrophil functions, also inhibited pepstatin-induced neutrophil function of superoxide generation in a dose-dependent fashion. Superoxides 208-218 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 115-119 6325345-5 1984 Furthermore, preincubation of neutrophils with suboptimal concentrations of FMLP or pepstatin diminished the cellular response toward either factor when tested for their chemotactic activity and for their ability to induce superoxide generation, to release granule enzymes, and to induce a transient increase in intracellular cAMP levels. Superoxides 223-233 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 76-80 6715030-1 1984 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is known to regulate the level of superoxide radicals inside cells. Superoxides 61-71 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 6715030-1 1984 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is known to regulate the level of superoxide radicals inside cells. Superoxides 61-71 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 6715030-2 1984 The purpose of this work was to investigate the role of SOD activity in tissue damage produced by superoxide radicals. Superoxides 98-108 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 56-59 6319411-0 1984 Excretion of superoxide by phagocytes measured with cytochrome c entrapped in resealed erythrocyte ghosts. Superoxides 13-23 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 52-64 6142713-1 1984 Sulfasalazine, a drug useful in the therapy of inflammatory bowel disease, was found to block N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP)-induced arthritis in rabbits as well as FMLP-induced superoxide production and chemotaxis in human neutrophils in vitro. Superoxides 194-204 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 135-139 6321554-4 1984 We found that the MPO-deficient neutrophils showed enhanced phagocytosis (greater than 200% of normal) of IgG- and C3b-opsonized yeast particles and prolonged N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylaline-mediated stimulation of superoxide production. Superoxides 220-230 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 18-21 6324308-5 1984 It is concluded that cytochrome c reduction only measures extracellularly released superoxide, whereas NBT may be reduced by extracellular superoxide or other molecules as well; thus NBT measures another aspect of the metabolic burst. Superoxides 83-93 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 21-33 6320732-5 1984 This is explainable by the reduction of O2- by the reduced phenazine, which thus competes with cytochrome c for the available O2-. Superoxides 40-42 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 95-107 6320732-5 1984 This is explainable by the reduction of O2- by the reduced phenazine, which thus competes with cytochrome c for the available O2-. Superoxides 126-128 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 95-107 6320732-6 1984 When the O2- was eliminated by superoxide dismutase, more of the reduced phenazine was available for the direct reduction of cytochrome c. Superoxides 9-11 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 125-137 6317565-9 1984 However, when elastase was present in the reaction mixture, the reduction of cytochrome c as a measure of superoxide production was inhibited. Superoxides 106-116 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 77-89 6320819-6 1983 When a superoxide-generating system is used to stimulate lipid autoxidation, catalase can conceivably inhibit the reaction in two ways (A) by decomposing lipid peroxides as they are formed (B) through the removal of hydrogen peroxide preventing OH. Superoxides 7-17 catalase Homo sapiens 77-85 6318599-1 1983 Alkaline dimethylsulfoxide as a superoxide anion-generating system in association with cytochrome c as a superoxide anion-indicating scavenger has been used to develop a new assay for superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 105-121 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 87-99 6321835-3 1983 These effects were reversed by superoxide dismutase (SOD), a superoxide radical (.O2-) scavenger, at pH 7.4, and by SOD plus hydroxyl radical (.OH) scavenger d-mannitol at pH 6.6. Superoxides 61-79 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 31-51 6321835-3 1983 These effects were reversed by superoxide dismutase (SOD), a superoxide radical (.O2-) scavenger, at pH 7.4, and by SOD plus hydroxyl radical (.OH) scavenger d-mannitol at pH 6.6. Superoxides 61-79 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 53-56 6321835-3 1983 These effects were reversed by superoxide dismutase (SOD), a superoxide radical (.O2-) scavenger, at pH 7.4, and by SOD plus hydroxyl radical (.OH) scavenger d-mannitol at pH 6.6. Superoxides 82-84 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 31-51 6321835-3 1983 These effects were reversed by superoxide dismutase (SOD), a superoxide radical (.O2-) scavenger, at pH 7.4, and by SOD plus hydroxyl radical (.OH) scavenger d-mannitol at pH 6.6. Superoxides 82-84 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 53-56 6226293-4 1983 In addition, a reduction in activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione-peroxidase, enzymes responsible for the protection of cells against peroxidative action of superoxide anions and hyperperoxides was found. Superoxides 180-197 catalase Rattus norvegicus 64-72 6309288-2 1983 As previously demonstrated with neutrophils, MPO-deficient monocytes had a greater initial rate, duration, and total superoxide production in response to phagocytosis of zymosan than did normal monocytes. Superoxides 117-127 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 45-48 6309288-3 1983 Introduction of purified eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) into the phagosome by binding the enzyme to the surface of the zymosan particles changed the hypermetabolic characteristics of superoxide production in MPO-deficient cells to more closely resemble normal cells, but had no effect on superoxide generation by the normal monocytes. Superoxides 180-190 eosinophil peroxidase Homo sapiens 25-46 6309288-3 1983 Introduction of purified eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) into the phagosome by binding the enzyme to the surface of the zymosan particles changed the hypermetabolic characteristics of superoxide production in MPO-deficient cells to more closely resemble normal cells, but had no effect on superoxide generation by the normal monocytes. Superoxides 180-190 eosinophil peroxidase Homo sapiens 48-51 6309288-3 1983 Introduction of purified eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) into the phagosome by binding the enzyme to the surface of the zymosan particles changed the hypermetabolic characteristics of superoxide production in MPO-deficient cells to more closely resemble normal cells, but had no effect on superoxide generation by the normal monocytes. Superoxides 180-190 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 205-208 6309288-3 1983 Introduction of purified eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) into the phagosome by binding the enzyme to the surface of the zymosan particles changed the hypermetabolic characteristics of superoxide production in MPO-deficient cells to more closely resemble normal cells, but had no effect on superoxide generation by the normal monocytes. Superoxides 285-295 eosinophil peroxidase Homo sapiens 25-46 6309288-3 1983 Introduction of purified eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) into the phagosome by binding the enzyme to the surface of the zymosan particles changed the hypermetabolic characteristics of superoxide production in MPO-deficient cells to more closely resemble normal cells, but had no effect on superoxide generation by the normal monocytes. Superoxides 285-295 eosinophil peroxidase Homo sapiens 48-51 6323037-4 1983 To detect the generation of superoxide anion in the media the amount of reduction of cytochrome c that is inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD) was determined. Superoxides 28-44 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 85-97 6311564-3 1983 The method consists in the evaluation of the stimulation of superoxide anion (O-2) production (as superoxide dismutase-sensitive cytochrome c reduction) by leukocytes in whole blood challenged with (a) phagocytosable particles (opsonized zymosan); (b) particles that become phagocytosable by virtue of the opsonizing capacity of the plasma of blood samples (zymosan); and (c) a soluble agent such as phorbol myristate acetate. Superoxides 60-76 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 129-141 6313153-2 1983 F- activation of both the O2- -generating system, NAD(P)H oxidase, and adenylate cyclase was characterized by a prolonged lag period of 8 to 10 min at 37 degrees C. Adenylate cyclase agonists or cAMP analogues which inhibited FMLP-induced O2- bursts did not affect O2- production of F- -activated cells. Superoxides 26-28 cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide Homo sapiens 195-199 6313153-2 1983 F- activation of both the O2- -generating system, NAD(P)H oxidase, and adenylate cyclase was characterized by a prolonged lag period of 8 to 10 min at 37 degrees C. Adenylate cyclase agonists or cAMP analogues which inhibited FMLP-induced O2- bursts did not affect O2- production of F- -activated cells. Superoxides 26-28 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 226-230 6313153-4 1983 FMLP reciprocally decreased the lag period of the F- -induced burst by 40 to 50% and, in the case of cells incubated at temperatures below 37 degrees C, increased the rate of O2- production. Superoxides 175-177 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 6305716-0 1983 Superoxide-dependent formation of hydroxyl radical catalyzed by transferrin. Superoxides 0-10 transferrin Homo sapiens 64-75 6303856-2 1983 This limit follows from the observation that the rate constant of the reaction between superoxide (O-2) and SOD decreases upon increasing the ionic strength, and the fact that at pH greater than 5 SOD has a net negative charge. Superoxides 87-97 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 108-111 6303856-2 1983 This limit follows from the observation that the rate constant of the reaction between superoxide (O-2) and SOD decreases upon increasing the ionic strength, and the fact that at pH greater than 5 SOD has a net negative charge. Superoxides 87-97 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 197-200 6301584-8 1983 CSF-alpha stimulated superoxide production of resting eosinophils (from 0.03 +/- 0.03 to 0.47 +/- 0.08 nmole cytochrome-c reduced/10(5) eosinophils) and of eosinophils incubated with preopsonized zymosan (from 0.15 +/- 0.06 to 0.73 +/- 0.07). Superoxides 21-31 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 109-121 6839018-9 1983 A competitive antagonist of FMLP binding, carbobenzoxy-phenylalanyl-methionine, inhibited the density change with a calculated Kd similar to that reported for inhibition of FMLP-induced aggregation, degranulation, locomotion, and superoxide production. Superoxides 230-240 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 6631662-1 1983 The behavior of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in inflammatory lesions is interesting, because SOD is a scavenger of superoxide anion radical which is produced to excess in inflammation. Superoxides 113-137 superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Cavia porcellus 38-41 6631662-1 1983 The behavior of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in inflammatory lesions is interesting, because SOD is a scavenger of superoxide anion radical which is produced to excess in inflammation. Superoxides 113-137 superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Cavia porcellus 91-94 6297957-2 1983 Results indicate that FMLP may stimulate neutrophils to produce superoxide but that STZ may not. Superoxides 64-74 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 22-26 6299273-2 1982 Cytochrome c was reduced when superoxide was generated from xanthine oxidase in the presence of alloxan, and by the reaction of alloxan and with reduced glutathione. Superoxides 30-40 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 0-12 6299273-4 1982 This indicates that the superoxide dismutase-inhibitible cytochrome c reduction was mainly due to a direct reaction with the alloxan radical, and implies that other reactions that are inhibited by superoxide dismutase could be due to either alloxan radicals or superoxide. Superoxides 24-34 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 57-69 6289915-11 1982 When detectable O(2) was removed from the medium by superoxide dismutase and catalase, aggregation and lysozyme release unaffected showing that aggregation can not be due to the presence of O(2) or its products in the extracellular medium. Superoxides 16-20 catalase Homo sapiens 77-85 6725961-6 1984 CL was linear with protein concentrations up to 100 micrograms and was shown to be at least 10 times more sensitive for the detection of O-2 than the assay based on the spectrophotometric determination of superoxide mediated cytochrome c reduction. Superoxides 205-215 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 225-237 6091535-1 1984 The ability of various antibiotics to inhibit superoxide anion(O-2)-mediated formation of adrenochrome from adrenaline and recovery of cytochrome c by xanthine oxidase was studied. Superoxides 63-66 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 135-147 6289915-11 1982 When detectable O(2) was removed from the medium by superoxide dismutase and catalase, aggregation and lysozyme release unaffected showing that aggregation can not be due to the presence of O(2) or its products in the extracellular medium. Superoxides 16-20 lysozyme Homo sapiens 103-111 6282074-17 1982 Although our data suggests the production of superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical from the MPO-H2O2-Cl- reaction, the actual presence or involvement of these free radical species is not confirmed herein. Superoxides 45-61 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 92-95 6286357-0 1982 Parallel electrostatic effects in the interactions of superoxide with cytochrome c and with superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 54-64 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 70-82 6285828-0 1982 DT-diaphorase as a quinone reductase: a cellular control device against semiquinone and superoxide radical formation. Superoxides 88-98 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 0-13 6279612-0 1982 Superoxide radical inhibits catalase. Superoxides 0-18 catalase Homo sapiens 28-36 6279612-1 1982 Catalase was inhibited by a flux of O2- generated in situ by the aerobic xanthine oxidase reaction. Superoxides 36-38 catalase Homo sapiens 0-8 6279612-7 1982 This inhibition of catalase by O2- provides the basis for a synergism between superoxide dismutase and catalase. Superoxides 31-33 catalase Homo sapiens 19-27 6279612-7 1982 This inhibition of catalase by O2- provides the basis for a synergism between superoxide dismutase and catalase. Superoxides 31-33 catalase Homo sapiens 103-111 6278021-0 1982 Monocyte aggregation and superoxide anion release in response to formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and platelet-activating factor (PAF). Superoxides 25-41 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 104-108 6292891-1 1982 Commercially available cytochrome c contains sufficient superoxide dismutase activity to reduce its sensitivity in superoxide anion detection. Superoxides 115-131 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 23-35 6285890-4 1982 With cytochrome c, superoxide formed by the rapid reaction of the semiquinone with O2, was responsible for the reduction. Superoxides 19-29 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 5-17 6285890-4 1982 With cytochrome c, superoxide formed by the rapid reaction of the semiquinone with O2, was responsible for the reduction. Superoxides 83-85 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 5-17 6273444-2 1982 The rate of formation of methemoglobin and superoxide was linearly dependent upon the concentration of nitrofurantoin and could be inhibited by superoxide dismutase, catalase, or the prior conversion of HbO2 to ethylioscyanoferrohemoglobin. Superoxides 43-53 catalase Homo sapiens 166-174 6284006-7 1982 Ceruloplasmin also inhibited reduction of cytochrome c and NBT mediated by the aerobic action of xanthine oxidase on acetaldehyde (another superoxide-generating system) and mimicked the activity of purified human erythrocyte SOD by inhibiting photoreduction of NBT and by accelerating aerobic photooxidation of dianisidine. Superoxides 139-149 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 42-54 7053244-4 1981 Neutrophil phagocytosis of 51Cr-labeled opsonized sheep erythrocytes (51Cr-EAC) and superoxide anion (O2-) production in response to FMLP or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulation were not affected by pretreating cells with NCD3. Superoxides 84-100 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 133-137 7340451-3 1981 A subsequent contact with anti-IgE antibody or with the specific allergen induces the extracellular release of a variety of mediators, such as lysosomal enzymes, neutral proteases, or superoxide anion. Superoxides 184-200 immunoglobulin heavy constant epsilon Homo sapiens 31-34 6274792-1 1981 The interaction of cytochalasin B-treated human neutrophils with the synthetic tripeptide, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) results in a time- and concentration-dependent generation of superoxide anion (O2-) by an extracellular release of granule-associated beta-glucuronidase and lysozyme from these cells. Superoxides 199-215 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 132-136 7053244-4 1981 Neutrophil phagocytosis of 51Cr-labeled opsonized sheep erythrocytes (51Cr-EAC) and superoxide anion (O2-) production in response to FMLP or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulation were not affected by pretreating cells with NCD3. Superoxides 102-104 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 133-137 6274792-1 1981 The interaction of cytochalasin B-treated human neutrophils with the synthetic tripeptide, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) results in a time- and concentration-dependent generation of superoxide anion (O2-) by an extracellular release of granule-associated beta-glucuronidase and lysozyme from these cells. Superoxides 217-219 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 132-136 7301458-1 1981 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) key enzymes in alveolar macrophages regulating levels of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, were observed to fluctuate in response to FIO2 of 50 and 85% for 18 to 90 hr. Superoxides 117-133 superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Cavia porcellus 0-20 6274792-3 1981 FMLP-stimulated O2- production occurs but is significantly curtailed in the absence of extracellular calcium. Superoxides 16-18 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 6274792-5 1981 Trifluoperazine (TFP), an inhibitor of calmodulin (a calcium-binding protein), caused a dose-related inhibition of FMLP-elicited degranulation and O2- production in the presence of absence of extracellular calcium. Superoxides 147-149 calmodulin 1 Homo sapiens 39-49 6272650-0 1981 Influence of flavin addition and removal on the formation of superoxide by NADPH-Cytochrome P-450 reductase: a spin-trap study. Superoxides 61-71 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Homo sapiens 75-107 6272810-0 1981 Effect of modification of cytochrome c on its reactions with superoxide and NADPH:cytochrome P-450 reductase. Superoxides 61-71 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 26-38 7301458-1 1981 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) key enzymes in alveolar macrophages regulating levels of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, respectively, were observed to fluctuate in response to FIO2 of 50 and 85% for 18 to 90 hr. Superoxides 117-133 superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Cavia porcellus 22-25 6257719-9 1981 radical then reacts with oxygen to form superoxide, which ultimately reduces cytochrome c. Superoxides 40-50 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 77-89 6271378-1 1981 Exogenous prostaglandins E1 and E2 and L-isoproterenol potently inhibited the production of superoxide anions by human neutrophils activated in vitro by n-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP). Superoxides 92-109 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 193-197 6167983-1 1981 Superoxide dismutase (SOD; superoxide: superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) catalyzes the dismutation of O2- free radicals formed during various enzymatic reactions or by ionizing radiation. Superoxides 27-37 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 6167983-1 1981 Superoxide dismutase (SOD; superoxide: superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) catalyzes the dismutation of O2- free radicals formed during various enzymatic reactions or by ionizing radiation. Superoxides 108-110 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 6894924-2 1981 By using cytochrome c reduction to monitor superoxide, it is found that the stoichiometry of superoxide produced to enzyme reoxidized is 2:1, significantly greater than previously reported (Olson, J. S., Ballou, D. P., Palmer, G., and Massey, V. (1974) J. Biol. Superoxides 93-103 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 9-21 6894924-5 1981 Furthermore, the kinetics of superoxide-dependent cytochrome c reduction exhibits a pronounced lag during the rapid phase of enzyme reoxidation and a limiting rate identical with that of the slow phase of enzyme reoxidation. Superoxides 29-39 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 50-62 6263380-1 1981 Human neutrophils exposed to chemotactic concentrations of zymosan-activated serum (ZAS) and a formylated chemotactic peptide (FMLP, 10(-7)--10(-9) M) were markedly enhanced in their ability to generate superoxide (O2-) upon stimulation with either sodium fluoride or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Superoxides 203-213 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 127-131 6263380-1 1981 Human neutrophils exposed to chemotactic concentrations of zymosan-activated serum (ZAS) and a formylated chemotactic peptide (FMLP, 10(-7)--10(-9) M) were markedly enhanced in their ability to generate superoxide (O2-) upon stimulation with either sodium fluoride or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Superoxides 215-217 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 127-131 6252250-2 1980 Simultaneous additions of formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (10-100 nM) and the fifth component of complement, C5a (1-10 microliters/ml), evoked partially additive responses of membrane depolarization as measured by the fluorescent dye 3,3"-dipropyl-thiocarbocyanine, a transient elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP), and superoxide (O2-) generation as assessed by ferricytochrome c reduction. Superoxides 334-344 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 115-118 6893995-8 1981 H2O2 production was markedly inhibited by superoxide dismutase or cytochrome c (scavengers of superoxide anion) but not by scavengers of singlet oxygen or hydroxyl radical. Superoxides 94-110 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 66-78 6261743-0 1981 Spin trap evidence for production of superoxide radical anions by purified NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase. Superoxides 37-62 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Homo sapiens 75-107 6283813-5 1981 Superoxide production by NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase was maximal at a quinone single-electron reduction potential at -200 mV. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Homo sapiens 25-57 6893656-5 1980 In addition, toxic oxygen species, such as superoxide, that are produced by granulocytes that have been triggered by C5a can damage the endothelium, an event that may, if it occurs in the lungs, contribute to the development of the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Superoxides 43-53 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 117-120 6259208-3 1981 Production of superoxide anion (O2-) stimulated by concanavalin A or the chemotactic peptide formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine FMLP was inhibited by DASA pretreatment, whereas O2- production stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), sodium fluoride. Superoxides 14-30 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 131-135 6265012-0 1981 Inactivation of human CuZn superoxide dismutase during exposure to superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 67-85 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-47 6252250-2 1980 Simultaneous additions of formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (10-100 nM) and the fifth component of complement, C5a (1-10 microliters/ml), evoked partially additive responses of membrane depolarization as measured by the fluorescent dye 3,3"-dipropyl-thiocarbocyanine, a transient elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP), and superoxide (O2-) generation as assessed by ferricytochrome c reduction. Superoxides 346-348 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 115-118 6252250-3 1980 Preincubation of the cells with either formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine or C5a alone caused dose-dependent inhibition of the depolarization, the cAMP increase, and O2- release induced by a subsequent exposure to an optimal dose of the same stimulus, i.e., deactivation occurred. Superoxides 169-171 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 80-83 6264769-10 1980 Endogenous SOD, epinephrine, ceruloplasmin, blood plasma proteins, inflammatory fluid, may modulate the amount of superoxide by their superoxide scavenging capacities. Superoxides 114-124 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 11-14 6251819-0 1980 Serine protease inhibitors inhibit superoxide production by human basophils stimulated by anti-IgE. Superoxides 35-45 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 0-15 6258576-16 1980 In the presence of both a superoxide-generating system (xanthine plus xanthine oxidase) and NADPH, all the cytochrome P-450 in intact membrane (as judged by dithionite reducibility) is reduced. Superoxides 26-36 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 107-123 6258576-19 1980 The superoxide-dependent reduction of cytochrome P-450 is prevented by treatment of the membranes with mersalyl, which inhibits NADPH-cytochrome P-450 (cytochrome c) reductase. Superoxides 4-14 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 38-54 6258576-19 1980 The superoxide-dependent reduction of cytochrome P-450 is prevented by treatment of the membranes with mersalyl, which inhibits NADPH-cytochrome P-450 (cytochrome c) reductase. Superoxides 4-14 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily g, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 134-150 6264769-10 1980 Endogenous SOD, epinephrine, ceruloplasmin, blood plasma proteins, inflammatory fluid, may modulate the amount of superoxide by their superoxide scavenging capacities. Superoxides 134-144 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 11-14 115873-7 1979 In particular, it was found that the reported inhibition of cytochrome P-450-catalyzed hydroxylation reactions by copper-tyrosine is associated with an inhibition rather than a stimulation of the formation of hydrogen peroxide, the product of the dismutation of the superoxide radicals generated as a result of the decay of oxycytochrome P-450. Superoxides 266-276 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 60-76 7350246-1 1980 After in vitro exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or muramyl dipeptide (MDP), cultured resident mouse peritoneal macrophages were primed to display enhanced generation of superoxide anion (O2-) in response to stimulation by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) or opsonized zymosan. Superoxides 173-189 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 47-50 6291560-0 1980 Inhibitor effect of polyamines on reduction of cytochrome C by superoxide anion. Superoxides 63-79 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 47-59 225679-4 1979 The chemical and biological reactivity of superoxide is high and includes a leading role in bacterial killing caused by radiation, in which superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme that catalyses the reaction: O2 + O2 +2H leads to H2O2 +O2 protected markedly. Superoxides 42-52 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 140-160 228974-0 1979 Serine protease inhibitors inhibit superoxide production by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes stimulated by various surface active agents. Superoxides 35-45 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 0-15 30812210-1 1979 Superoxide dismutase activity was shown to be present in bovine milk serum and was quantified by measuring the capacity of retentate from dialyzed milk serum to inhibit reduction of cytochrome c by xanthine-xanthine oxidase-generated superoxide anion. Superoxides 234-250 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 147-151 225679-4 1979 The chemical and biological reactivity of superoxide is high and includes a leading role in bacterial killing caused by radiation, in which superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme that catalyses the reaction: O2 + O2 +2H leads to H2O2 +O2 protected markedly. Superoxides 42-52 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 162-165 225679-4 1979 The chemical and biological reactivity of superoxide is high and includes a leading role in bacterial killing caused by radiation, in which superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme that catalyses the reaction: O2 + O2 +2H leads to H2O2 +O2 protected markedly. Superoxides 207-209 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 140-160 225679-4 1979 The chemical and biological reactivity of superoxide is high and includes a leading role in bacterial killing caused by radiation, in which superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme that catalyses the reaction: O2 + O2 +2H leads to H2O2 +O2 protected markedly. Superoxides 207-209 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 162-165 225679-4 1979 The chemical and biological reactivity of superoxide is high and includes a leading role in bacterial killing caused by radiation, in which superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme that catalyses the reaction: O2 + O2 +2H leads to H2O2 +O2 protected markedly. Superoxides 212-214 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 140-160 225679-4 1979 The chemical and biological reactivity of superoxide is high and includes a leading role in bacterial killing caused by radiation, in which superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme that catalyses the reaction: O2 + O2 +2H leads to H2O2 +O2 protected markedly. Superoxides 212-214 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 162-165 225679-4 1979 The chemical and biological reactivity of superoxide is high and includes a leading role in bacterial killing caused by radiation, in which superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme that catalyses the reaction: O2 + O2 +2H leads to H2O2 +O2 protected markedly. Superoxides 212-214 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 140-160 225679-4 1979 The chemical and biological reactivity of superoxide is high and includes a leading role in bacterial killing caused by radiation, in which superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme that catalyses the reaction: O2 + O2 +2H leads to H2O2 +O2 protected markedly. Superoxides 212-214 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 162-165 224122-8 1979 These studies suggest that intact proteinase function is required for O2- generation and that this step follows the calcium influx in the activation sequence induced by FMLP. Superoxides 70-72 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 169-173 421692-1 1979 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) protect aerobic organisms against the toxic superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, which are generated during phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs). Superoxides 104-120 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 221543-5 1979 In addition, human (but not eggwhite) lysozyme depresses oxidative metabolism (hexose monophosphate shunt activity) and superoxide generation of neutrophils. Superoxides 120-130 lysozyme Homo sapiens 38-46 223976-5 1979 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), which enzymatically destroys superoxide, caused moderate inhibition of PHA-dependent cytotoxicity over the concentration range of 100--500 microgram/ml whereas catalytically inactive enzyme had no effect. Superoxides 57-67 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 223976-5 1979 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), which enzymatically destroys superoxide, caused moderate inhibition of PHA-dependent cytotoxicity over the concentration range of 100--500 microgram/ml whereas catalytically inactive enzyme had no effect. Superoxides 57-67 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 37165-8 1979 We now present evidence that enhanced production of superoxide contributes to such inhibition, especially in the presence of catalase at acid pH. Superoxides 52-62 catalase Homo sapiens 125-133 39543-9 1979 Production of O(2) (-) by NADH-ubiquinone reductase preparation (Complex I) with NADH or NADPH as an electron donor was assayed by measuring the formation of adrenochrome or the reduction of acetylated cytochrome c which does not react with the respiratory-chain components. Superoxides 14-18 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 202-214 219122-2 1979 In response to activation by the synthetic chemotactic factor FMLP, human peripheral neutrophils generated superoxide radicals as assessed by ferricytochrome C reduction. Superoxides 107-126 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 62-66 219122-3 1979 A dose-dependent increase in the amount of superoxide induced by FMLP over the concentration range of 1 X 10(-8) M to 1.6 X 10(-7) M was observed. Superoxides 43-53 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 65-69 219122-4 1979 Examination of the kinetics of the response revealed large amounts of superoxide generated by 1 min of incubation at 37 degrees C at an optimal dose of FMLP and a plateau effect after 5 min of incubation. Superoxides 70-80 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 152-156 219122-5 1979 Divalent cations did not influence the binding of 3H-FMLP to the cell, but superoxide generation by FMLP-activated neutrophils was observed to be dependent on the presence of divalent cations in the medium. Superoxides 75-85 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 100-104 219122-7 1979 Mg2+, 0.25 to 4 mM, increased FMLP-induced superoxide generation to a much lower extent than did Ca2+. Superoxides 43-53 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 30-34 219122-8 1979 Lanthanum ion, 0.1 to 1 mM, in the presence of 1 mM Ca2+ inhibited the production of superoxide by FMLP 4 X 10(-8 ) M. Over the concentration range 3.3 X 10(-5 M to 3 X 10(-4 M, verapamil, a drug which selectively blocks the calcium channel, caused a dose-dependent inhibition of superoxide production and calcium-45 uptake in response to FMLP. Superoxides 85-95 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 99-103 219122-8 1979 Lanthanum ion, 0.1 to 1 mM, in the presence of 1 mM Ca2+ inhibited the production of superoxide by FMLP 4 X 10(-8 ) M. Over the concentration range 3.3 X 10(-5 M to 3 X 10(-4 M, verapamil, a drug which selectively blocks the calcium channel, caused a dose-dependent inhibition of superoxide production and calcium-45 uptake in response to FMLP. Superoxides 85-95 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 339-343 219122-8 1979 Lanthanum ion, 0.1 to 1 mM, in the presence of 1 mM Ca2+ inhibited the production of superoxide by FMLP 4 X 10(-8 ) M. Over the concentration range 3.3 X 10(-5 M to 3 X 10(-4 M, verapamil, a drug which selectively blocks the calcium channel, caused a dose-dependent inhibition of superoxide production and calcium-45 uptake in response to FMLP. Superoxides 280-290 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 99-103 219969-4 1979 The release of superoxide anions was measured spectrophotometrically with a dual wavelength spectrophotometer by adding a blood sample to an assay mixture containing cytochrome C. Superoxides 15-32 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 166-178 421692-1 1979 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) protect aerobic organisms against the toxic superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, which are generated during phagocytosis by polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs). Superoxides 104-120 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 421692-5 1979 Since SOD generates bactericidal hydrogen peroxide and regulates the release of the toxic superoxide radical into the surrounding tissues, this study may add new understanding to the pathophysiological aspects of acute and chronic inflammatory processes. Superoxides 90-108 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 6-9 212024-0 1978 Evidence for the involvement of superoxide in vitamin K-dependent carboxylation of glutamic acid residues of prothrombin. Superoxides 32-42 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 109-120 32915-0 1979 Participation of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radicals in NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase-catalyzed peroxidation of methyl linolenate. Superoxides 17-27 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Homo sapiens 72-104 229682-7 1979 Measurements of the reduction of succinylated cytochrome c using purified cytochrome P-450 and the flavoprotein, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, directly demonstrate the formation of superoxide anions. Superoxides 185-202 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 46-58 229682-7 1979 Measurements of the reduction of succinylated cytochrome c using purified cytochrome P-450 and the flavoprotein, NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase, directly demonstrate the formation of superoxide anions. Superoxides 185-202 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 74-145 212091-2 1978 The production of superoxide radicals from primaquine diphosphate in aqueous solution has been demonstrated, using as indicator the reduction of cytochrome C with inhibition of the reaction by superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 18-28 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 145-157 745653-6 1978 Excessive amounts of catalase and/or other protein, either native or denatured will prevent the effects of superoxide and/or ascrobate, but cannot replace the requirements for catalytic quantities of catalase or Fe2+. Superoxides 107-117 catalase Homo sapiens 21-29 207727-5 1978 Superoxide anion production correlated closely with CL responses in NaF-treated human PMNs. Superoxides 0-16 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 68-71 207707-1 1978 Superoxide anion, generated by xanthine oxidase within vesicles formed from washed erythrocyte ghosts, crosses the vesicle membrane to reduce cytochrome c in the medium (Lynch, R. E., and Fridovich, I. Superoxides 0-16 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 142-154 207707-5 1978 The reduction of external cytochrome c, caused by O2- produced by the enzymic turnover of internal xanthine oxidase, was 85 to 90% inhibited by SITS and DIDS. Superoxides 50-52 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 26-38 993860-3 1976 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme which protects against superoxide radical, was quantitated in pellet and supernatant of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and alveolar macrophages (AM). Superoxides 61-79 superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Cavia porcellus 22-25 199619-7 1977 Under the influence of inhibited phagosome formation by cytochalasin B, the cells released an increased amount of superoxide and peroxide into the extracellular medium relative to oxygen consumption, and all detectable peroxide release could be inhibited by the addition of ferricytochrome c. Decreased H(2)O(2) production in the presence of this compound could not be ascribed to diminished bacterial binding, decreased oxidase activity, or increased H(2)O(2) catabolism and was reversed by the simultaneous addition of SOD. Superoxides 114-124 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 521-524 192766-9 1977 Prior exposure of platelets to low fluxes of superoxide anion lowered the threshold for release by subsequent addition of thrombin, suggesting a synergistic effect. Superoxides 45-61 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 122-130 190225-3 1977 The formation of O2 was established by observing the reduction of oxidized cytochrome c concomitant with MetHb formation at pH 9, and by showing that superoxide dismultase and catalse inhibit cytochrome c reduction at that pH. Superoxides 17-19 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 75-87 190225-3 1977 The formation of O2 was established by observing the reduction of oxidized cytochrome c concomitant with MetHb formation at pH 9, and by showing that superoxide dismultase and catalse inhibit cytochrome c reduction at that pH. Superoxides 17-19 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 192-204 187622-2 1977 Nevertheless, superoxide radicals were detectable in the surrounding medium of metabolically viable platelet suspensions by using two assay systems: cytochrome c and nitroblue tetrazolium. Superoxides 14-24 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 149-161 207567-0 1978 Superoxide anion involvement in NBT reduction catalyzed by NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase: a pitfall. Superoxides 0-16 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Homo sapiens 59-91 195574-8 1977 Experiments with superoxide dismutase and catalase suggest that there are two types of oxidation taking place: an enzymic, H2O2-dependent oxidation of dihydroxyfumarate by peroxidase, and a non-enzymic reaction involving oxidation of dihydroxyfumarate by O2 leads to. Superoxides 125-127 catalase Homo sapiens 42-50 10982-0 1976 The kinetics of the reduction of cytochrome c by the superoxide anion radical. Superoxides 53-77 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 33-45 187927-0 1976 Oxidation of alpha-methyldopa and other catechols by cytochrome P-450-generated superoxide anion: possible mechanism of methyldopa hepatitis. Superoxides 80-96 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 53-69 181184-1 1976 Reduction of exogenous cytochrome c was induced by the treatment of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes with cytochalasin E. The reduction was completely inhibited by superoxide, dismutase, indicating that superoxide anions were released from the cells. Superoxides 166-176 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 23-35 181184-1 1976 Reduction of exogenous cytochrome c was induced by the treatment of human polymorphonuclear leucocytes with cytochalasin E. The reduction was completely inhibited by superoxide, dismutase, indicating that superoxide anions were released from the cells. Superoxides 205-222 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 23-35 180060-0 1976 Chemiluminescence and superoxide production by myeloperoxidase-deficient leukocytes. Superoxides 22-32 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 47-62 180060-3 1976 Although the maximal rate of superoxide anion production by myeloperoxidase-deficient leukocytes is not significantly different from that of normal cells, superoxide production falls off less rapidly with time so that with prolonged incubation, it is greater in myeloperoxidase-deficient than in normal cells. Superoxides 29-45 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 60-75 180060-3 1976 Although the maximal rate of superoxide anion production by myeloperoxidase-deficient leukocytes is not significantly different from that of normal cells, superoxide production falls off less rapidly with time so that with prolonged incubation, it is greater in myeloperoxidase-deficient than in normal cells. Superoxides 29-39 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 60-75 180060-6 1976 Zymosan, the phagocytic particle employed in the intact cell system, considerably increased the chemiluminescence of a cell-free superoxide-H2O2 generating system (xanthine-xanthine oxidase) and a system containing myeloperoxidase, H2O2, and chloride. Superoxides 129-139 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 215-230 4144-4 1976 This accumulation of O2- was demonstrated in terms of a burst of reduction of cytochrome c, seen when the latter compound was added after aerobic preincubation of xanthine oxidase with its substrate. Superoxides 21-23 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 78-90 181730-3 1976 Superoxide also gives rise to breaks in DNA suppressible by both superoxide dismutase and catalase. Superoxides 0-10 catalase Homo sapiens 90-98 1260505-3 1976 However similar complete inhibition of DNA strand breakage by catalase (EC 1.11.1.6) indicates that the hydroxyl radical (formed by interaction of superoxide with hydrogen peroxide) is the primary reactive species. Superoxides 147-157 catalase Homo sapiens 62-70 181968-5 1976 Moreover, the soluble stimulators complement component C5a, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), and calcium ions in the presence of the ionophore A23187, also increased the O2- production of these cells. Superoxides 170-172 complement C5a receptor 1 Homo sapiens 55-58 13869-3 1976 2) with or without cyanide in the incubation medium, LG omitted, Mn++ in the presence of NADPH induced superoxide anion (O- WITH 2) production, as evidenced by oxygen consumption and H2O2 production, which were abolished (in the absence of cyanide) by cytochrome C (a potent O- with 2 scavenger). Superoxides 103-119 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 252-264 168866-2 1975 The finding that peroxidase is a potential source of superoxide suggests a possible role for myeloperoxidase in leucocytes. Superoxides 53-63 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 93-108 4366184-0 1974 Role of the superoxide anion in the myeloperoxidase-mediated antimicrobial system. Superoxides 12-28 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 36-51 5452730-0 1970 Reactions of superoxide anion, catechols, and cytochrome c. Superoxides 13-29 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 46-58 4344152-2 1972 The reaction of ferric myeloperoxidase with superoxide anion. Superoxides 44-60 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 23-38 34052343-1 2021 Our group has previously observed that protein S-glutathionylation serves as an integral feedback inhibitor for the production of superoxide (O2 -)/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), and complex I in muscle and liver mitochondria, respectively. Superoxides 130-140 pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 Homo sapiens 218-240 33040403-0 2021 Functional selective FPR1 signaling in favor of an activation of the neutrophil superoxide generating NOX2 complex. Superoxides 80-90 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 21-25 182128-2 1976 The reactions of superoxide and H2O2 with oxyhaemoglobin or methaemoglobin and their inhibition by superoxide dismutase or catalase were used to detect the formation of superoxide or H2O2 on autoxidation of oxyhaemoglobin. Superoxides 17-27 catalase Homo sapiens 123-131 33780792-3 2021 Our results showed that SUMO E3 ligase (SIZ1) gene expression was higher in florets treated with PSKalpha, which may prevent endogenous H2O2 accumulation, resulting from the higher activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. Superoxides 193-203 catalase Homo sapiens 215-223 33582931-0 2021 Nrf1 Knock-Down in the Hypothalamic Paraventricular Nucleus Alleviates Hypertension Through Intervention of Superoxide Production-Removal Balance and Mitochondrial Function. Superoxides 108-118 nuclear respiratory factor 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 33582931-7 2021 Together, the results indicate that the PVN Nrf1 is associated with the development of 2K1C-induced hypertension, and Nrf1 knock-down in the PVN can alleviate hypertension through intervention of mitochondrial function and restorement of the production-removal balance of superoxide. Superoxides 272-282 nuclear respiratory factor 1 Rattus norvegicus 118-122 33934624-6 2021 The functional nature of this partnership was shown by silencing FXYD1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells, where 50% decreased NO and 2-fold augmented superoxide was shown. Superoxides 158-168 FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 1 Homo sapiens 65-70 34052343-1 2021 Our group has previously observed that protein S-glutathionylation serves as an integral feedback inhibitor for the production of superoxide (O2 -)/hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDH), pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), and complex I in muscle and liver mitochondria, respectively. Superoxides 130-140 pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 Homo sapiens 242-245 34016263-8 2021 Exogenous C16:0-ceramide directly increased superoxide via tetrahydrobiopterin-mediated endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling and dysregulated protein phosphatase 2 in human aortic endothelial cells. Superoxides 44-54 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 88-121 33961402-1 2021 Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is a major antioxidant metalloenzyme that protects cells from oxidative damage by superoxide anions (O2-). Superoxides 122-139 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 34-38 34044064-2 2021 In animals, BMAL1 further acts as transcription factor for the SOD1 gene which encodes the major antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 116-126 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 63-67 33781891-0 2021 Epigenetic silencing of GTP cyclohydrolase 1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma growth by activating superoxide anion-mediated ASK1/p38 signaling via inhibiting tetrahydrobiopterin de novo biosynthesis. Superoxides 100-116 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 131-134 33781891-11 2021 Collectively, our study reveals that epigenetic silencing of GCH1 promotes HCC growth by activating superoxide anion-mediated ASK1/p38 signaling via inhibiting BH4 de novo biosynthesis, suggesting that targeting GCH1/BH4 pathway may be a promising therapeutic strategy to combat HCC. Superoxides 100-116 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 131-134 34021781-11 2021 A cell-permeant superoxide scavenger reduced the ET-1-induced contraction in the indoxyl sulfate group. Superoxides 16-26 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 49-53 33781891-10 2021 Further mechanistic studies found that GCH1 silencing-induced BH4 reduction resulted in an increase of intracellular superoxide anion levels in a dose-dependent manner, which mediated the activation of ASK1/p38 signaling. Superoxides 117-133 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 207-210 33516729-13 2021 Our findings include that: (i) spinal MT decreased the expression of spinal PGC-1alpha in the SCDH neurons; (ii) rPGC-1alpha increased mechanical threshold and thermal latency in MT animals; (iii) Mito-Tempol reduced MT behavioral response; (iv) rPGC-1alpha reduced MT-induced mitochondria-targeted superoxide; and (v) cultured neuronal cells treated with TNFalpha increased mitochondria-targeted superoxide that can be inhibited by rPGC-1alpha. Superoxides 299-309 PPARG coactivator 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 113-124 33516729-0 2021 Mitochondrial biogenesis factor PGC-1alpha suppresses spinal morphine tolerance by reducing mitochondrial superoxide. Superoxides 106-116 PPARG coactivator 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 32-42 33516729-13 2021 Our findings include that: (i) spinal MT decreased the expression of spinal PGC-1alpha in the SCDH neurons; (ii) rPGC-1alpha increased mechanical threshold and thermal latency in MT animals; (iii) Mito-Tempol reduced MT behavioral response; (iv) rPGC-1alpha reduced MT-induced mitochondria-targeted superoxide; and (v) cultured neuronal cells treated with TNFalpha increased mitochondria-targeted superoxide that can be inhibited by rPGC-1alpha. Superoxides 397-407 PPARG coactivator 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 113-124 33516729-12 2021 Furthermore, we examined the effect of rPGC-1alpha on mitochondrial superoxide using cultured neurons. Superoxides 68-78 PPARG coactivator 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 39-50 33516729-14 2021 The present findings suggest that spinal PGC-1alpha reduce MT through decreasing mitochondria-targeted superoxide in the SCDH. Superoxides 103-113 PPARG coactivator 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 41-51 33932953-0 2021 Oxidant-Resistant LRRC8A/C anion channels support superoxide production by Nox1. Superoxides 50-60 leucine rich repeat containing 8 VRAC subunit A Homo sapiens 18-24 33932953-1 2021 KEY POINTS: LRRC8A-containing anion channels associate with Nox1 and regulate superoxide production and TNFalpha signaling. Superoxides 78-88 leucine rich repeat containing 8 VRAC subunit A Homo sapiens 12-18 33932953-10 2021 ABSTRACT: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) activates NADPH Oxidase 1 (Nox1) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), producing superoxide (O2 - ) required for subsequent signaling. Superoxides 133-143 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 10-37 33932953-10 2021 ABSTRACT: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) activates NADPH Oxidase 1 (Nox1) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), producing superoxide (O2 - ) required for subsequent signaling. Superoxides 133-143 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 39-47 33025358-3 2021 Stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1), an endogen neuroprotective protein, acts as an anti-inflammatory and suppresses superoxide generation through induction of uncoupling proteins (UCPs) in the mitochondria. Superoxides 105-115 stanniocalcin 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-15 33838472-0 2021 Sustained IKKbeta phosphorylation and NF-kappaB activation by superoxide-induced peroxynitrite-mediated nitrotyrosine modification of B56gamma3 and PP2A inactivation. Superoxides 62-72 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 38-47 33838472-3 2021 Through pharmacological or genetic inhibition of SOD1, we show that elevated intracellular superoxide (O2-) mediates sustained IKK phosphorylation, and induces downstream degradation of IkappaBalpha, leading to the nuclear localization and transcriptional activation of NF-kappaB. Superoxides 91-101 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 49-53 33838472-3 2021 Through pharmacological or genetic inhibition of SOD1, we show that elevated intracellular superoxide (O2-) mediates sustained IKK phosphorylation, and induces downstream degradation of IkappaBalpha, leading to the nuclear localization and transcriptional activation of NF-kappaB. Superoxides 91-101 NFKB inhibitor alpha Homo sapiens 186-198 33838472-3 2021 Through pharmacological or genetic inhibition of SOD1, we show that elevated intracellular superoxide (O2-) mediates sustained IKK phosphorylation, and induces downstream degradation of IkappaBalpha, leading to the nuclear localization and transcriptional activation of NF-kappaB. Superoxides 91-101 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 270-279 33923136-6 2021 CeO2NPs have been reported to act as a ROS and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) scavenger and to have multi-enzyme mimetic activity, including SOD activity (deprotionation of superoxide anion into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide), catalase activity (conversion of hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water), and peroxidase activity (reducing hydrogen peroxide into hydroxyl radicals). Superoxides 174-190 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 142-145 32144830-1 2021 Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is a front-line antioxidant enzyme catalysing superoxide breakdown and is important for most forms of eukaryotic life. Superoxides 6-16 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 32144830-2 2021 The evolution of aerobic respiration by mitochondria increased cellular production of superoxide, resulting in an increased reliance upon SOD1. Superoxides 86-96 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 138-142 33827604-6 2021 Mechanism investigation revealed that Ru@SiO2-PA caused enhanced generation of superoxide anion, which subsequently triggered DNA damage and dysfunction of MAPKs and PI3K/AKT pathways. Superoxides 79-95 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 171-174 33935045-6 2021 Especially, excessive COMP-Ang1 disturbed late-stage erythroblast maturation, followed by decreased expression of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and globin transcription factor 1 (GATA-1) and increased levels of superoxide anion and p-p38 kinase. Superoxides 219-235 angiopoietin 1 Mus musculus 27-31 33592181-1 2021 Human cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs or P450s) are known to be reduced by their electron transfer partners in the absence of substrate and in turn to reduce other acceptor molecules such as molecular oxygen, thereby creating superoxide anions (O2- ). Superoxides 224-241 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 3 Homo sapiens 6-21 33859191-1 2021 SOD1 is known as the major cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase and an anticancer target. Superoxides 39-49 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 0-4 33025358-3 2021 Stanniocalcin-1 (STC-1), an endogen neuroprotective protein, acts as an anti-inflammatory and suppresses superoxide generation through induction of uncoupling proteins (UCPs) in the mitochondria. Superoxides 105-115 stanniocalcin 1 Rattus norvegicus 17-22 32977740-14 2021 Cav-1determines the cellular glucose supply through Glut-4 and regulates the activity of NOX-2 generating superoxide anions, and that of eNOS generating NO. Superoxides 106-123 caveolin 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 33388549-4 2021 Here, we identified that Wnt3A promoted superoxide generation, leading to Tyr42 phosphorylation of RhoA through activations of c-Src and Rho-dependent coiled coil kinase 2 (ROCK2) and phosphorylation of p47phox, a component of NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 40-50 ras homolog family member A Homo sapiens 99-103 33388549-4 2021 Here, we identified that Wnt3A promoted superoxide generation, leading to Tyr42 phosphorylation of RhoA through activations of c-Src and Rho-dependent coiled coil kinase 2 (ROCK2) and phosphorylation of p47phox, a component of NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 40-50 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 127-132 33732696-6 2021 The pharmacological dissociation of the GSTP1-JNK heterocomplex resulted in the activation of JNK, which led to a significant decrease in sperm viability, motility, mitochondrial activity, and plasma membrane stability, as well as to an increase of intracellular superoxides. Superoxides 263-274 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 46-49 32363908-4 2021 CRITICAL ISSUES: Under conditions of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) depletion, eNOS generated superoxide trigger pathological events. Superoxides 89-99 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 74-78 33356954-8 2021 Moreover, overexpression of FOXO1 in HK-2 cells increased HK-2 cell viability and PGC1-alpha expression, and it alleviated the mitochondrial injury and superoxide accumulation induced by LPS. Superoxides 152-162 forkhead box O1 Homo sapiens 28-33 33732696-6 2021 The pharmacological dissociation of the GSTP1-JNK heterocomplex resulted in the activation of JNK, which led to a significant decrease in sperm viability, motility, mitochondrial activity, and plasma membrane stability, as well as to an increase of intracellular superoxides. Superoxides 263-274 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 94-97 33673360-2 2021 Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (Nox) is the major source of placental superoxide in early pregnancy and its activation with the subsequent formation of superoxide has been demonstrated for various agents including Transforming Growth Factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1), a well-known p38 MAPK pathway activator. Superoxides 99-109 dual oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 0-59 33665378-0 2021 Nitric oxide produced by NOS2 copes with the cytotoxic effects of superoxide in macrophages. Superoxides 66-76 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 25-29 33665378-2 2021 Herein we validated the hypothesis that interaction of NO with superoxide exerts protection against superoxide toxicity using macrophages from mice with a knockout (KO) of inducible NO synthase (NOS2) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), either individually or both. Superoxides 63-73 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 195-199 33665378-2 2021 Herein we validated the hypothesis that interaction of NO with superoxide exerts protection against superoxide toxicity using macrophages from mice with a knockout (KO) of inducible NO synthase (NOS2) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), either individually or both. Superoxides 63-73 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 205-227 33665378-2 2021 Herein we validated the hypothesis that interaction of NO with superoxide exerts protection against superoxide toxicity using macrophages from mice with a knockout (KO) of inducible NO synthase (NOS2) and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), either individually or both. Superoxides 63-73 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 229-233 33593113-4 2021 Superoxide inhibition in PVX-inoculated leaves by infiltration of antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, SOD and catalase, CAT) partially suppresses extreme resistance parallel with the appearance of localized leaf necrosis resembling a hypersensitive resistance response (HR). Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 102-105 33593113-4 2021 Superoxide inhibition in PVX-inoculated leaves by infiltration of antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, SOD and catalase, CAT) partially suppresses extreme resistance parallel with the appearance of localized leaf necrosis resembling a hypersensitive resistance response (HR). Superoxides 0-10 catalase Homo sapiens 110-118 33593113-4 2021 Superoxide inhibition in PVX-inoculated leaves by infiltration of antioxidants (superoxide dismutase, SOD and catalase, CAT) partially suppresses extreme resistance parallel with the appearance of localized leaf necrosis resembling a hypersensitive resistance response (HR). Superoxides 0-10 catalase Homo sapiens 120-123 33581737-10 2021 Gene expression analysis of CD34+ve cells showed an increase in expression of antioxidants (superoxide dismutase 2 or SOD2, Catalase and Glutathione Peroxidase or GPX) and notable endothelial markers (PECAM1, VEGF-A, and NOS3). Superoxides 92-102 CD34 molecule Homo sapiens 28-32 33421588-0 2021 Superoxide produced by mitochondrial site IQ inactivates cardiac succinate dehydrogenase and induces hepatic steatosis in Sod2 knockout mice. Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 122-126 33421588-6 2021 Lack of SOD2 is expected to elevate superoxide levels in the mitochondrial matrix, and leads to severe pathologies and death about 8 days after birth. Superoxides 36-46 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 8-12 33673360-2 2021 Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (Nox) is the major source of placental superoxide in early pregnancy and its activation with the subsequent formation of superoxide has been demonstrated for various agents including Transforming Growth Factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1), a well-known p38 MAPK pathway activator. Superoxides 99-109 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 243-276 33673360-2 2021 Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (Nox) is the major source of placental superoxide in early pregnancy and its activation with the subsequent formation of superoxide has been demonstrated for various agents including Transforming Growth Factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1), a well-known p38 MAPK pathway activator. Superoxides 99-109 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 278-287 33673360-2 2021 Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (Nox) is the major source of placental superoxide in early pregnancy and its activation with the subsequent formation of superoxide has been demonstrated for various agents including Transforming Growth Factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1), a well-known p38 MAPK pathway activator. Superoxides 181-191 dual oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 0-59 33673360-2 2021 Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (Nox) is the major source of placental superoxide in early pregnancy and its activation with the subsequent formation of superoxide has been demonstrated for various agents including Transforming Growth Factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1), a well-known p38 MAPK pathway activator. Superoxides 181-191 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 243-276 33673360-2 2021 Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (Nox) is the major source of placental superoxide in early pregnancy and its activation with the subsequent formation of superoxide has been demonstrated for various agents including Transforming Growth Factor beta-1 (TGF-beta1), a well-known p38 MAPK pathway activator. Superoxides 181-191 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 278-287 33079465-4 2021 The nanozyme prevents the mitochondrial damage in SOD1 and SOD2-depleted cells by regulating the superoxide levels and restores the physiological levels of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins. Superoxides 97-107 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 50-54 33426618-10 2021 Alternatively, we did observe a uniform increase in superoxide build-up in cellular mitochondria, which was released as a propagating wave simultaneously with the propagating recruitment of BAX to the mitochondrial outer membrane. Superoxides 52-62 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 190-193 33267663-2 2021 Approach and Results: 3KO mice displayed significantly reduced platelet superoxide radical generation, which was associated with impaired platelet aggregation, adhesion, and thrombus formation in response to the key agonists collagen and thrombin. Superoxides 72-90 coagulation factor II Mus musculus 238-246 33360774-6 2021 Pretreatment with the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling inhibitors IWR-1-endo (IWR) and ICG-001 abolished aFGF-mediated attenuation of mitochondrial superoxide generation and endothelial protection. Superoxides 142-152 fibroblast growth factor 1 Mus musculus 99-103 33360774-9 2021 The role of HXK2 in aFGF-mediated attenuation of mitochondrial superoxide levels and EC protection was further confirmed by si-Hxk2 and a cell-permeable form of hexokinase II VDAC binding domain (HXK2VBD) peptide, which inhibits mitochondrial localization of HXK2. Superoxides 63-73 fibroblast growth factor 1 Mus musculus 20-24 33360774-5 2021 We found that aFGF markedly decreased mitochondrial superoxide generation in both db/db mice and endothelial cells incubated with high glucose (30 mM) plus palmitic acid (PA, 0.1 mM), and restored diabetes-impaired Wnt/beta-catenin signaling. Superoxides 52-62 fibroblast growth factor 1 Mus musculus 14-18 33360774-10 2021 Taken together, these findings suggest that the endothelial protective effect of aFGF under diabetic conditions could be partly attributed to its role in suppressing mitochondrial superoxide generation via HXK2, which is mediated by the Wnt/beta-catenin/c-Myc axis. Superoxides 180-190 fibroblast growth factor 1 Mus musculus 81-85 33259795-2 2021 To combat this threat, the cell employs the enzyme Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase (SOD1), which can convert the radical superoxide into molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, through redox reactions. Superoxides 116-126 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 51-77 33259795-2 2021 To combat this threat, the cell employs the enzyme Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase (SOD1), which can convert the radical superoxide into molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, through redox reactions. Superoxides 116-126 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 79-83 33355632-8 2021 In renal fibroblasts, palmitic acid (PA; 50-200 microM) and angiotensin II (Ang II; 10-8-10-6M) promoted extracellular matrix, superoxide anion production and inflammatory markers upregulation. Superoxides 127-143 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 60-94 33519483-9 2020 Thus, our data indicated that FMN inhibited hyperglycemia-induced superoxide overproduction by activating the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway. Superoxides 66-76 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 110-114 33197763-5 2021 Decreased activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were markedly reversed upon treatment with cbFeD while levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were significantly restored towards normal values. Superoxides 24-34 catalase Mus musculus 65-68 33430172-7 2021 The generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide was increased in aortas from CETP transgenic mice, while silencing CETP in cultured human aortic endothelial cells effectively decreased oxidative stress promoted by all major sources of ROS: mitochondria and NOX2. Superoxides 18-28 cholesteryl ester transfer protein Homo sapiens 80-84 33218686-1 2021 Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase (Sod1) catalyzes the disproportionation of cytotoxic superoxide radicals (O2 -) into oxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a key signaling molecule. Superoxides 80-90 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-26 33218686-1 2021 Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase (Sod1) catalyzes the disproportionation of cytotoxic superoxide radicals (O2 -) into oxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a key signaling molecule. Superoxides 80-90 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 33141062-2 2021 Majority of in vitro studies on the functioning of NADPH oxidase indirectly follows the enzymatic reaction by the superoxide reduction of cytochrome c (cyt c). Superoxides 114-124 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 138-150 33141062-2 2021 Majority of in vitro studies on the functioning of NADPH oxidase indirectly follows the enzymatic reaction by the superoxide reduction of cytochrome c (cyt c). Superoxides 114-124 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 152-157 33535822-8 2021 Furthermore, compared with control-aptamer-treated mice, renal carboxymethyllysine, RAGE, and NADPH oxidase-driven superoxide generation were significantly decreased in RAGE-aptamer-treated mice at 12 weeks old with subsequent amelioration of histological alterations in glomerular and interstitial area, while adipose tissue adiponectin expression was increased. Superoxides 115-125 advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor Mus musculus 169-173 32927156-6 2021 Meanwhile, SO2 pretreatment increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD), and effectively reduced the content of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in drought-treated wheat seedlings, suggesting SO2 could alleviate drought-induced oxidative damage by enhancing antioxidant defense system in plants. Superoxides 56-66 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 78-81 33169683-8 2021 NaHS increased the expression of the cytoprotective nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its subsequent antioxidant proteins; heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P) H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 241-251 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 52-95 33009206-2 2021 Superoxide anion radicals, the main product of ROS, can be reduced by manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) to hydrogen peroxide, which is further reduced by catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) to water. Superoxides 0-16 catalase Homo sapiens 158-166 33009206-2 2021 Superoxide anion radicals, the main product of ROS, can be reduced by manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) to hydrogen peroxide, which is further reduced by catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) to water. Superoxides 0-16 catalase Homo sapiens 168-171 33169683-8 2021 NaHS increased the expression of the cytoprotective nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and its subsequent antioxidant proteins; heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), NAD(P) H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 241-251 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 97-101 32827682-5 2020 NOX1 down-regulation could decrease the content of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, and up-regulate superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Superoxides 167-177 NADPH oxidase 1 Sus scrofa 0-4 33237755-0 2020 Oxidative Damage of Tryptophan Hydroxylase-2 Mediated by Peroxisomal Superoxide Anion Radical in Brains of Mouse with Depression. Superoxides 69-93 tryptophan hydroxylase 2 Mus musculus 20-44 32354273-7 2020 Knockdown of p22phox abolished the increase in superoxide after GW9508 and linoleic acid. Superoxides 47-57 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Rattus norvegicus 13-20 33362711-12 2020 Spermatozoa with LP correlated positively with the percentage of spermatozoa with increased mitochondrial superoxide (r = 0.11, p < 0.01) In conclusion, these findings in a large number of men suggest that age, mitochondrial damage, and alteration of chromatin compactness could activate the apoptotic cascade which could result in an increased fDNA rate. Superoxides 106-116 renin binding protein Homo sapiens 58-61 33298526-5 2021 Using these reagents, here we have determined how enhanced generation of mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, or disruption of mitochondrial thiol homeostasis affect activation of the Nrf2 system in cells, which was assessed by Nrf2 protein level, nuclear translocation and expression of its target genes. Superoxides 87-97 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 195-199 33095057-12 2020 Mitochondrial superoxide scavenger also effectively abrogated ERK activation and osteogenic differentiation of VSMCs by high Pi. Superoxides 14-24 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 62-65 33011272-3 2020 Activation of NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX-2) in neutrophils by stimulators of protein kinase C (PKC), such as phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), results in the rapid generation of superoxide at the expense of oxidation of NADPH to NADP+. Superoxides 171-181 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 71-87 33011272-3 2020 Activation of NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX-2) in neutrophils by stimulators of protein kinase C (PKC), such as phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), results in the rapid generation of superoxide at the expense of oxidation of NADPH to NADP+. Superoxides 171-181 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 89-92 33011272-11 2020 Activation of NADK by PKC in phagocytic cells could be critical for the rapid provision of sufficient levels of superoxide for host defence against invading microorganisms. Superoxides 112-122 proline rich transmembrane protein 2 Homo sapiens 22-25 33012204-7 2020 In human aortic endothelial cells stimulated with Ang II plus TNF (tumor necrosis factor)-alpha, mito2HOBA reduced mitochondrial superoxide and cardiolipin oxidation, a specific marker of mitochondrial oxidative stress. Superoxides 129-139 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 62-95 32072720-4 2020 These synthetic miR-214 s were synthesized by various chemical modifications (such as 4"-aminoethyl-2"-fluoro, 2"-fluoro, 2"-O-methyl, phosphorothioate, and oligospermine modifications) of the wild-type mature miR-214 sequences. Superoxides 122-133 microRNA 214 Canis lupus familiaris 16-23 32758662-4 2020 Superoxide is produced by the phagocyte NADPH oxidase, a complex enzyme composed of two membrane subunits, gp91phox or NOX2 and p22phox, and four cytosolic components p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and Rac2. Superoxides 0-10 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 198-202 33320165-5 2020 The trends obtained from both SOD and GSH assays were indicators of therapeutic defence against oxidative stress via neutralizing superoxide anions (SOA). Superoxides 130-147 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 30-33 33298902-5 2020 ROS, including mitochondrial superoxide, led to the oxidation of RIP1, as well as formation and activation of the necrosome. Superoxides 29-39 receptor (TNFRSF)-interacting serine-threonine kinase 1 Mus musculus 65-69 33241128-5 2020 DEN/CCl4 - induced oxidative stress was confirmed by elevated levels of lipid peroxidation and decreased levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione-S-transferase, and reduced glutathione. Superoxides 115-125 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 4-8 33204397-8 2020 The inhibition of NQO1 by dicoumarol increased mitochondrial superoxide and sensitized cancer cells to M/A. Superoxides 61-71 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 18-22 32901881-6 2020 The present results suggested that the expression levels of Trx, Txnip and ITCH in HLECs cultured with different glucose concentrations were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting, and the apoptotic rate of the cells was detected by flow cytometry and superoxide detection assay. Superoxides 285-295 itchy E3 ubiquitin protein ligase Homo sapiens 75-79 33064449-6 2020 We use a protein corona formed from superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme that scavenges superoxide, to probe the relationship between TiO2 particles and superoxide generation. Superoxides 36-46 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 58-61 33064449-6 2020 We use a protein corona formed from superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme that scavenges superoxide, to probe the relationship between TiO2 particles and superoxide generation. Superoxides 89-99 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 36-56 33064449-6 2020 We use a protein corona formed from superoxide dismutase (SOD), an enzyme that scavenges superoxide, to probe the relationship between TiO2 particles and superoxide generation. Superoxides 89-99 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 58-61 33073372-5 2020 Ginsenoside Rb2 reduced myocardial superoxide generation; downregulated gp91phox expression; and decreased the mRNA expression levels and activities of interleukin-1beta, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Superoxides 35-45 RB transcriptional corepressor like 2 Rattus norvegicus 12-15 33128532-6 2022 Treatment with MPL flavonoids, especially at a dose of 200 mg/kg, attenuated CCl4-induced increases in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin-6, as well as reductions in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Superoxides 334-344 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 77-81 31907585-10 2020 Inhibition of ALAS1 by ALAS1 siRNA decreased heme and mitochondrial superoxide levels, results in inhibition of doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. Superoxides 68-78 5'-aminolevulinate synthase 1 Rattus norvegicus 14-19 31907585-10 2020 Inhibition of ALAS1 by ALAS1 siRNA decreased heme and mitochondrial superoxide levels, results in inhibition of doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. Superoxides 68-78 5'-aminolevulinate synthase 1 Rattus norvegicus 23-28 32915316-8 2020 Renal infusion of capsaicin promoted p65-NFkappaB phosphorylation and IL-1beta production in the PVN, which were prevented by PVN microinjection of NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin or the superoxide anion scavenger tempol. Superoxides 188-204 synaptotagmin 1 Rattus norvegicus 37-40 32915316-8 2020 Renal infusion of capsaicin promoted p65-NFkappaB phosphorylation and IL-1beta production in the PVN, which were prevented by PVN microinjection of NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin or the superoxide anion scavenger tempol. Superoxides 188-204 interleukin 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 70-78 32915316-12 2020 The IL-1beta production in the PVN is dependent on the AT1R-mediated superoxide anion generation and NFkappaB activation. Superoxides 69-85 interleukin 1 alpha Rattus norvegicus 4-12 32971034-12 2020 Thus, our findings reveal a new possible mechanism of the protective action of alpha-2 adrenergic agonists against ammonium-induced hyperexcitation and demonstrate the correlation between intracellular calcium concentration, mitochondrial membrane potential, pHi, the intensity of superoxide production in hippocampal cells under acute hyperammonemia. Superoxides 281-291 glycoprotein hormone subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 79-86 33195253-6 2020 Specifically, LacCer forms Lyn-coupled lipid microdomains, which mediate neutrophil chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and superoxide generation, whereas PtdGlc-enriched microdomains mediate neutrophil differentiation and spontaneous apoptosis. Superoxides 114-124 LYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 27-30 33096711-0 2020 Tafazzin Mutation Affecting Cardiolipin Leads to Increased Mitochondrial Superoxide Anions and Mitophagy Inhibition in Barth Syndrome. Superoxides 73-90 tafazzin, phospholipid-lysophospholipid transacylase Homo sapiens 0-8 33114493-1 2020 BACKGROUND: The superoxide-generating enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX2 or gp91phox, the phagocytic isoform) was reported as a major source of oxidative stress in various human diseases. Superoxides 16-26 dual oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 45-104 33320587-6 2020 Remarkably, the generation of singlet oxygen and a superoxide radical by HexakisaminoC60 was found to be markedly elevated in the presence of bovine serum albumin and NADH, respectively. Superoxides 51-69 albumin Homo sapiens 149-162 32860873-4 2020 Among other pathways, HO-1 expression is stimulated by the Nrf2/Keap1 system which senses electrophilic compounds including alkylating agents and reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide or hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 184-194 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 59-63 32860873-4 2020 Among other pathways, HO-1 expression is stimulated by the Nrf2/Keap1 system which senses electrophilic compounds including alkylating agents and reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide or hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 184-194 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 64-69 33027675-6 2020 Scavenging paramagnetic byproducts of oxygen metabolism with SOD2 in hepatic mitochondria fully abolishes these insulin sensitizing effects, demonstrating that mitochondrial superoxide mediates induction of these therapeutic changes. Superoxides 174-184 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 61-65 33019780-1 2020 This study was aimed at evaluating the changes in the concentration and activity of all superoxide dismutase isoenzymes (SOD1, SOD2, SOD3) in the blood of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) and healthy subjects, taking into account the extracellular (plasma) and intracellular (erythrocyte lysate) compartment. Superoxides 88-98 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 121-125 33019780-1 2020 This study was aimed at evaluating the changes in the concentration and activity of all superoxide dismutase isoenzymes (SOD1, SOD2, SOD3) in the blood of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) and healthy subjects, taking into account the extracellular (plasma) and intracellular (erythrocyte lysate) compartment. Superoxides 88-98 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 133-137 32631692-9 2020 CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that inhibition of superoxide damage to RGCs through regulation of the Akt/BAD pathway is one of the mechanisms by which OECs and alpha-crystallin promote optic nerve recovery after injury. Superoxides 55-65 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 107-110 32045933-4 2020 RESULTS: MCAD-deficient fibroblasts showed increased level of mitochondrial superoxide, while lipids were less oxidatively damaged, and higher amount of manganese superoxide dismutase were detected compared to healthy controls, showing forceful antioxidant system in MCADD. Superoxides 76-86 acyl-CoA dehydrogenase medium chain Homo sapiens 9-13 33096425-1 2020 Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) binds copper and zinc ions and is one of three superoxide dismutases responsible for destroying free superoxide radicals in the body. Superoxides 77-87 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 0-22 33096425-1 2020 Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) binds copper and zinc ions and is one of three superoxide dismutases responsible for destroying free superoxide radicals in the body. Superoxides 77-87 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 24-28 32942306-7 2020 In addition, cytoplasmic irradiation elevated the level of cellular mitochondrial superoxide, which enhanced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK 1/2) and its mediated nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2). Superoxides 82-92 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 132-174 32758880-4 2020 Like Ang (1-7), alamandine is a vasodilator and can counteract the effects of Ang II by increasing nitric oxide release from the endothelium and decreasing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NADPH)-related superoxide production. Superoxides 224-234 dual oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 156-207 32942306-7 2020 In addition, cytoplasmic irradiation elevated the level of cellular mitochondrial superoxide, which enhanced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK 1/2) and its mediated nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2). Superoxides 82-92 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 176-183 32942306-7 2020 In addition, cytoplasmic irradiation elevated the level of cellular mitochondrial superoxide, which enhanced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK 1/2) and its mediated nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2). Superoxides 82-92 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 271-275 32942306-9 2020 Overall, we showed that cytoplasmic irradiation induces radio-adaptive responses and that mitochondrial superoxide/ERK 1/2/NRF2 signaling is a mechanism. Superoxides 104-114 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 115-122 32942306-9 2020 Overall, we showed that cytoplasmic irradiation induces radio-adaptive responses and that mitochondrial superoxide/ERK 1/2/NRF2 signaling is a mechanism. Superoxides 104-114 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 123-127 32561290-11 2020 These could be due to attenuation of the overproduction of superoxide, NO, and IL-6, which were attributed to reduction of the overexpression of iNOS and Wnt5a. Superoxides 59-69 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 145-149 32502471-7 2020 In addition, we observed a decreased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced levels of thioredoxin (TRX) that parallel the decreased Nrf2-DNA binding. Superoxides 49-59 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 144-148 32927603-3 2020 Several findings show that superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) enzyme has effects that go beyond its superoxide dismutase activity and that its functions are not limited to the intracellular compartment. Superoxides 27-37 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 51-55 32561290-11 2020 These could be due to attenuation of the overproduction of superoxide, NO, and IL-6, which were attributed to reduction of the overexpression of iNOS and Wnt5a. Superoxides 59-69 Wnt family member 5A Rattus norvegicus 154-159 31786752-10 2020 On the other hand, the Nrf2 signaling pathway involves improving the antioxidant capacity by promoting the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase and superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 160-170 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 23-27 32066884-2 2020 Among the first line of defense against oxidative stress is the dismutation of superoxide radicals, which in the mitochondria is carried out by manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2). Superoxides 79-89 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 176-180 32066884-2 2020 Among the first line of defense against oxidative stress is the dismutation of superoxide radicals, which in the mitochondria is carried out by manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2). Superoxides 144-164 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 176-180 32986376-8 2020 Also, treatment with ASCex has markedly down-regulated the mRNA expression levels of Nuclear Factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB), a nuclear transcriptional activator as well as the mRNA expression of the cytoplasmic SOD1 gene which encodes Cu/Zn SOD, the first line defense against superoxide radicals. Superoxides 273-283 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 207-211 32716562-7 2020 In Neuro-2a cells, ZIP12 deficiency by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) depletion or CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing resulted in impaired mitochondrial function, increased superoxide presence, and detectable protein carbonylation. Superoxides 160-170 solute carrier family 39 (zinc transporter), member 12 Mus musculus 19-24 32705166-9 2020 It is well known that the increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase results in nitric oxide overproduction, which then rapidly reacts with hydrogen peroxide or superoxide generated by the mitochondria, to form highly reactive and harmful peroxynitrite, which ultimately induces nitrotyrosine formation. Superoxides 174-184 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 50-81 32705166-12 2020 Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the mechanisms that further increase mitochondrial superoxide generation (e.g., the inhibition of Cx43 translocation into the mitochondria) significantly accelerate the occurrence of cell death. Superoxides 88-98 gap junction protein, alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 135-139 32750667-10 2020 In addition, mdivi-1-dependent proteolytic processing of L-OPA1 was associated with increased mitochondrial superoxide production and altered expression of mitochondrial serine/proteases. Superoxides 108-118 OPA1 mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase Homo sapiens 59-63 33049519-2 2020 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), a nuclear-encoded antioxidant enzyme, catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radicals (O2 -) in mitochondria. Superoxides 107-126 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 0-30 33049519-2 2020 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), a nuclear-encoded antioxidant enzyme, catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radicals (O2 -) in mitochondria. Superoxides 107-126 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 32-37 32841160-15 2020 Additionally, the activity of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reduced glutathione was enhanced to 53.06, 40, 52.22 and 38.49%, respectively. Superoxides 50-60 catalase Mus musculus 72-80 32599261-7 2020 Our data showed that inhibition of Cx43 translocation to mitochondria, obtained by radicicol pre-treatment, significantly increases cytosolic and mitochondrial superoxide formation, mitochondrial membrane depolarization and the consequent apoptosis induced by Trastuzumab. Superoxides 160-170 gap junction protein, alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 35-39 32087270-7 2020 However, SOD1 and SOD2 activities are inhibited, leading to increased superoxide anion level, which in turn causes DNA strand breaks. Superoxides 70-86 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 9-13 32806077-5 2020 Besides, KD8@N-MCNs have both superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, which can scavenge intracellular superfluous reactive oxygen species and alleviate neuroinflammation in vivo. Superoxides 30-40 catalase Homo sapiens 55-63 32791328-2 2020 By genetic screening, we found that NADPH oxidases (Nox and Duox) associated with superoxide anion (O -2) are responsible for caspase-3 activation and delamination. Superoxides 82-98 Dual oxidase Drosophila melanogaster 60-64 32801360-3 2020 In vitro studies reveal that blocking autophagy with 3MA, bafilomycin A1 or by knocking down ATG5 with SiRNA inhibits silibinin-induced mitochondrial accumulation of superoxide, AIF translocation from mitochondria to nuclei and glioma cell death. Superoxides 166-176 autophagy related 5 Homo sapiens 93-97 32801360-7 2020 Knockdown of BNIP3 with SiRNA inhibits silibinin-induced mitochondrial depolarization, accumulation of mitochondrial superoxide, and AIF translocation from mitochondria to nuclei, as well as prevents glioma cell death. Superoxides 117-127 BCL2 interacting protein 3 Homo sapiens 13-18 32850409-2 2020 Human melanomas often show hyperactivity of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and NADPH oxidase (NOX), which, respectively, generate nitric oxide (NO ) and superoxide (O2 - ). Superoxides 152-162 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 44-65 32756530-2 2020 The most common ROS, such as superoxide radical (O2-.) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are scavenged by superoxide dismutase, peroxiredoxins, and catalase. Superoxides 29-47 catalase Homo sapiens 144-152 32087270-7 2020 However, SOD1 and SOD2 activities are inhibited, leading to increased superoxide anion level, which in turn causes DNA strand breaks. Superoxides 70-86 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 18-22 31933062-6 2020 Knockout of USP15 significantly reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in HT22 cells under the exposure to glutamate treatment. Superoxides 104-114 ubiquitin specific peptidase 15 Mus musculus 12-17 32302669-3 2020 In this study, by using live cell imaging and biochemical approaches, we demonstrate that IFN-gamma plus high glucose augment endothelial connexin43 hemichannel activity, resulting in the increase of ATP release, ATP-mediated Ca2+ dynamics and production of nitric oxide and superoxide anion, as well as impaired insulin-mediated uptake and intercellular diffusion of glucose and cell survival. Superoxides 275-291 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 90-99 32222623-7 2020 Mechanistically, we provide compelling evidence that PM2.5 reduces SOD2 expression through activation of Akt pathway, which leads to a disruption of mitochondrial redox homeostasis characterized by increased accumulation of mitochondrial superoxide. Superoxides 238-248 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 105-108 32394347-1 2020 Mice lacking the superoxide anion scavenger CuZn superoxide dismutase (Sod1-/- mice) develop a number of age-related phenotypes, including an early progression of muscle atrophy and weakness (sarcopenia) associated with loss of innervation. Superoxides 17-33 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 71-75 32073833-2 2020 The reaction of the copper(I) complex of N,N,N",N"-tetramethypropylenediamine with a series of para-substituted nitrosobenzene derivatives leads to adducts in which the nitrosoarene (ArNO) is reduced by zero, one, or two electrons, akin to the isovalent species dioxygen, superoxide, and peroxide, respectively. Superoxides 272-282 cytohesin 2 Homo sapiens 183-187 32639881-6 2020 Moreover, Ang II-infused wild-type mice had increased blood pressure, AF inducibility, atrial diameter, fibrosis, infiltration of macrophages, and superoxide production compared with saline-treated wild-type mice, whereas these effects were significantly attenuated in CXCR-2 knockout mice and wild-type mice transplanted with CXCR-2-deficient bone marrow cells or treated with SB225002. Superoxides 147-157 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 10-16 32700888-6 2022 The activities of SOD and MDA were detected by total superoxide dismutase assay kit and malondialdehyde assay kit. Superoxides 53-63 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 18-21 32401607-7 2020 After 12 wk Western diet, ESMIRO/ApoE-/-/Nox2-/y mice had reduced EC superoxide generation and greater aortic relaxation to acetylcholine. Superoxides 69-79 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 33-37 32227083-7 2020 NBT staining and pharmacological experiments indicate that ILA induces superoxide formation of the wild type and of an SA-deficient (NahG sid2) line. Superoxides 71-81 ILITYHIA Arabidopsis thaliana 59-62 32526922-5 2020 Furthermore, results of immunohistochemistry showed that the nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB/p65 and tyrosine nitration of cytoplasmic protein were stimulated by zoledronate, while MPMBP inhibited these phenomena, by acting as a superoxide anion (O2-) scavenger. Superoxides 232-248 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 86-96 32334145-4 2020 XO is a major generator of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide that subsequently trigger a cascade of oxidative radical pathways, including those produced by LPO, which have bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects against pathogens including opportunistic bacteria. Superoxides 49-59 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 155-158 32212239-9 2020 Functionally, charge regulation would allow SOD1"s "electrostatic loop" to attract superoxide equally regardless of redox state during the diffusion-limited reduction and oxidation of superoxide. Superoxides 83-93 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 32212239-9 2020 Functionally, charge regulation would allow SOD1"s "electrostatic loop" to attract superoxide equally regardless of redox state during the diffusion-limited reduction and oxidation of superoxide. Superoxides 184-194 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 32529856-3 2022 An electrochemical, enzymatic biosensor based on cytochrome c (cyt c) was selected to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydrogen peroxide and super oxides, due to the stability of signal over time. Superoxides 157-169 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 49-61 32529856-3 2022 An electrochemical, enzymatic biosensor based on cytochrome c (cyt c) was selected to measure reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydrogen peroxide and super oxides, due to the stability of signal over time. Superoxides 157-169 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 63-68 32443183-3 2020 The aims of this study were to examine the association between maternal Mn level and the risk of SPB at the early stage of pregnancy, and investigate whether this association was modified by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT). Superoxides 242-252 catalase Homo sapiens 283-286 32475319-9 2020 Taken together, these results provide new evidence for a physiological role of PT mitochondrial Ang II/AT1a/superoxide/NHE3 and Ang II/AT2/NO/NHE3 signaling pathways in maintaining blood pressure homeostasis. Superoxides 108-118 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Mus musculus 103-107 32475319-9 2020 Taken together, these results provide new evidence for a physiological role of PT mitochondrial Ang II/AT1a/superoxide/NHE3 and Ang II/AT2/NO/NHE3 signaling pathways in maintaining blood pressure homeostasis. Superoxides 108-118 solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 3 Mus musculus 119-123 32220789-1 2020 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) is the only extracellular scavenger of superoxide anion (O2.-) with unique binding capacity to cell surface and extracellular matrix through its heparin-binding domain. Superoxides 82-98 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 0-34 32388268-5 2020 Mechanistically, overexpression of Hsp22 attenuates hypoxia-induced oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondrial and the high rate of superoxide production. Superoxides 132-142 heat shock protein family B (small) member 8 Homo sapiens 35-40 32092308-1 2020 The non-activating allosteric modulator AZ1729, specific for free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2), transfers the orthosteric FFAR2 agonists propionate and the P2Y2R specific agonist ATP into activating ligands that trigger an assembly of the neutrophil superoxide generating NADPH-oxidase. Superoxides 251-261 free fatty acid receptor 2 Homo sapiens 61-87 32092308-1 2020 The non-activating allosteric modulator AZ1729, specific for free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2), transfers the orthosteric FFAR2 agonists propionate and the P2Y2R specific agonist ATP into activating ligands that trigger an assembly of the neutrophil superoxide generating NADPH-oxidase. Superoxides 251-261 free fatty acid receptor 2 Homo sapiens 89-94 32092308-1 2020 The non-activating allosteric modulator AZ1729, specific for free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2), transfers the orthosteric FFAR2 agonists propionate and the P2Y2R specific agonist ATP into activating ligands that trigger an assembly of the neutrophil superoxide generating NADPH-oxidase. Superoxides 251-261 free fatty acid receptor 2 Homo sapiens 123-128 32565731-5 2020 Treatment with catalase and polyethylene glycol covalently linked to superoxide dismutase (PEG-SOD) to individually remove H2O2 and O2 - or treatment with the AR inhibitor epalrestat decreased ROS and H2O2, increased NO levels and TAC, and reduced vWF release. Superoxides 69-79 von Willebrand factor Homo sapiens 249-252 32014500-6 2020 The elevated levels of H2O2 (a biomarker of oxidative stress) and the free radicals (NO and O2 -) reduced the concentration of dominant pathogens and regulated ROS/RNS/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR pathway by affecting p-AMPK, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1). Superoxides 25-27 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 205-209 32014500-6 2020 The elevated levels of H2O2 (a biomarker of oxidative stress) and the free radicals (NO and O2 -) reduced the concentration of dominant pathogens and regulated ROS/RNS/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR pathway by affecting p-AMPK, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1). Superoxides 25-27 RUNX family transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 239-274 32014500-6 2020 The elevated levels of H2O2 (a biomarker of oxidative stress) and the free radicals (NO and O2 -) reduced the concentration of dominant pathogens and regulated ROS/RNS/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR pathway by affecting p-AMPK, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1). Superoxides 25-27 RUNX family transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 276-281 32014500-6 2020 The elevated levels of H2O2 (a biomarker of oxidative stress) and the free radicals (NO and O2 -) reduced the concentration of dominant pathogens and regulated ROS/RNS/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR pathway by affecting p-AMPK, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1). Superoxides 25-27 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 284-309 32014500-6 2020 The elevated levels of H2O2 (a biomarker of oxidative stress) and the free radicals (NO and O2 -) reduced the concentration of dominant pathogens and regulated ROS/RNS/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR pathway by affecting p-AMPK, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1). Superoxides 25-27 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 311-314 32014500-6 2020 The elevated levels of H2O2 (a biomarker of oxidative stress) and the free radicals (NO and O2 -) reduced the concentration of dominant pathogens and regulated ROS/RNS/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR pathway by affecting p-AMPK, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1). Superoxides 25-27 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 316-345 32014500-6 2020 The elevated levels of H2O2 (a biomarker of oxidative stress) and the free radicals (NO and O2 -) reduced the concentration of dominant pathogens and regulated ROS/RNS/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR pathway by affecting p-AMPK, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1). Superoxides 25-27 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 347-351 32429083-10 2020 Moreover, the extract promoted the expression of endogenous antioxidants, such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase through the Nrf-2 pathway evaluated by RT-PCR. Superoxides 92-102 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 153-158 32499803-4 2020 Under normoxia, AOX was important to maintain respiratory carbon flow, to prevent the mitochondrial generation of superoxide and nitric oxide (NO), to control lipid peroxidation and protein S-nitrosylation, and possibly to reduce the inhibition of cyt oxidase by NO. Superoxides 114-124 ubiquinol oxidase 1, mitochondrial Nicotiana tabacum 16-19 32499803-5 2020 Under hypoxia, AOX was again important in preventing superoxide generation and lipid peroxidation, but now contributed positively to NO amount. Superoxides 53-63 ubiquinol oxidase 1, mitochondrial Nicotiana tabacum 15-18 32499803-7 2020 Alternatively, it may indicate that AOX activity simply reduces the amount of superoxide scavenging of NO, by reducing the availability of superoxide. Superoxides 78-88 ubiquinol oxidase 1, mitochondrial Nicotiana tabacum 36-39 32499803-7 2020 Alternatively, it may indicate that AOX activity simply reduces the amount of superoxide scavenging of NO, by reducing the availability of superoxide. Superoxides 139-149 ubiquinol oxidase 1, mitochondrial Nicotiana tabacum 36-39 32061681-1 2020 We recently reported that constitutive ablation of cyclophilin-D (Cyp-D) in mice reduces oxygen consumption (VO2) while paradoxically increasing exercise endurance, thereby demonstrating increased O2 utilization efficiency. Superoxides 110-112 peptidylprolyl isomerase F (cyclophilin F) Mus musculus 51-64 32061681-1 2020 We recently reported that constitutive ablation of cyclophilin-D (Cyp-D) in mice reduces oxygen consumption (VO2) while paradoxically increasing exercise endurance, thereby demonstrating increased O2 utilization efficiency. Superoxides 110-112 peptidylprolyl isomerase F (cyclophilin F) Mus musculus 66-71 32483451-7 2020 The released SOD-Fe0 and Lapa were further endocytosed by tumor cells and the Lapa produces superoxide anion (O2 - ) through the catalysis of NQO1 that is overexpressed in tumor cells, while O2 - is converted to H2O2 via SOD. Superoxides 92-108 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 13-20 32483451-7 2020 The released SOD-Fe0 and Lapa were further endocytosed by tumor cells and the Lapa produces superoxide anion (O2 - ) through the catalysis of NQO1 that is overexpressed in tumor cells, while O2 - is converted to H2O2 via SOD. Superoxides 92-108 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 142-146 32483451-7 2020 The released SOD-Fe0 and Lapa were further endocytosed by tumor cells and the Lapa produces superoxide anion (O2 - ) through the catalysis of NQO1 that is overexpressed in tumor cells, while O2 - is converted to H2O2 via SOD. Superoxides 92-108 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 13-16 32477123-9 2020 Analysis of structural components of rafts, such as caveolin-1 and flotillin-1, showed that the action of SMase D on cell membranes leads to a reduction in caveolin-1, which is possibly degraded by toxin-induced superoxide production in cells. Superoxides 212-222 caveolin 1 Homo sapiens 156-166 31894427-8 2020 VEGF mRNA expression did not increase during in vitro cell differentiation under 21% O2, but slightly increased under 2.5% O2 only at 24 h. VEGF-A monomer was not detected in the cell lysates and in the concentrated supernatants, while a ~ 42 KDa band corresponding to the precursor L-VEGF was detected in all the cellular extracts. Superoxides 123-125 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 0-4 32323757-6 2020 However, it inhibits the fMLP-dependent superoxide generation, elastase release and cell migration, and interferes with the process of calcium flux, supporting the idea that plant Cu-AO can interact with human neutrophils to modulate their inflammatory function. Superoxides 40-50 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 25-29 32360463-7 2020 According to the obtained data, Cro inhibits SOD activity by scavenging superoxide radical (O2), while Crt inhibits SOD by affecting the copper-binding site. Superoxides 72-90 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 45-48 31814456-7 2020 MI-1 and D1 acted like antioxidants in inflamed colonic tissue, as evidenced by reduce of lipid and protein peroxidation products (by 43-67%) and increase of superoxide dismutase activity (by 40 and 58%) with restoring these values to control ones. Superoxides 158-168 midline 1 Homo sapiens 0-11 31758207-3 2020 The results showed that after treatment of D-GalN/LPS-stimulated hepatocytes with 2.5-20 muM apigenin, the supernatant alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferasein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and malondialdehyde levels and intracellular nuclear factor-kappaB protein expression were decreased, while the supernatant superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) levels, intracellular PPARgamma and inhibitor of kappa B-alpha protein expressions, and nucleus Nrf-2 protein expression were increased. Superoxides 328-338 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 50-53 31778733-9 2020 Results clearly showed that O3 exposure increased both transcript and protein levels of the main inflammasome complex, such as ASC and caspase-1. Superoxides 28-30 caspase 1 Homo sapiens 135-144 32509148-5 2020 Exogenous FNDC5 attenuated Ang II-induced superoxide generation, NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) and NLRP3 upregulation, mature caspase-1, and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) production in A7R5 cells. Superoxides 42-52 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 27-33 32245890-10 2020 Mechanistically, we found that cells that exclusively express L-OPA1 generate more superoxide and are more sensitive to Ca2+-induced mitochondrial permeability transition, suggesting that S-OPA1, and not L-OPA1, protects against cellular stress. Superoxides 83-93 OPA1 mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase Homo sapiens 64-68 31960754-6 2020 In addition, ALP restored the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and associated signaling pathways (PARP, PI3K/AKT and Nrf2-mediated HO-1/NQO-1) following H2O2 treatment. Superoxides 44-54 alopecia, recessive Mus musculus 13-16 31867846-1 2020 AIMS: Mutations in DNA/RNA-binding factor (fused-in-sarcoma) FUS and superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Superoxides 69-79 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 93-98 32007503-8 2020 RESULTS: Basal expression of SOD2 but not SOD1 was largely reduced in TLR2/4dKO compared to WT chondrocytes, correlated with significantly enhanced menadione-induced mitochondrial superoxide generation (2.85 to 3.92 and 3.39 to 8.97 with mean difference 3.39 and 6.18 for 25 and 50 muM menadione, respectively) and phosphorylation of H2AX. Superoxides 180-190 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 29-33 32220789-1 2020 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) is the only extracellular scavenger of superoxide anion (O2.-) with unique binding capacity to cell surface and extracellular matrix through its heparin-binding domain. Superoxides 82-98 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 36-41 32220789-1 2020 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) is the only extracellular scavenger of superoxide anion (O2.-) with unique binding capacity to cell surface and extracellular matrix through its heparin-binding domain. Superoxides 100-102 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 0-34 32220789-1 2020 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) is the only extracellular scavenger of superoxide anion (O2.-) with unique binding capacity to cell surface and extracellular matrix through its heparin-binding domain. Superoxides 100-102 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 36-41 32365693-8 2020 EAF significantly inhibited CCl4-induced elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), total bilirubin (TB), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG), in the blood serum and prevented lipid peroxidation and restored superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) content in liver tissues. Superoxides 251-261 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 28-32 32353034-0 2020 Analyzing structural alterations of mitochondrial intermembrane space superoxide scavengers cytochrome-c and SOD1 after methylglyoxal treatment. Superoxides 70-80 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 92-104 32353034-0 2020 Analyzing structural alterations of mitochondrial intermembrane space superoxide scavengers cytochrome-c and SOD1 after methylglyoxal treatment. Superoxides 70-80 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 109-113 32353034-5 2020 The main scavengers for the detoxification of superoxide in the IMS are Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and cytochrome-c. Superoxides 46-56 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 101-105 32353034-5 2020 The main scavengers for the detoxification of superoxide in the IMS are Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and cytochrome-c. Superoxides 46-56 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 111-123 32083866-8 2020 Diosmin reduced LPS-induced total ROS production (DCFDA assay) and superoxide anion production (NBT assay and NBT-positive cells). Superoxides 67-83 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 16-19 32008372-9 2020 Increased activities of iNOS and NOX1 enzymes at MEPs in obese mice generated higher levels of NO and superoxide radicals, resulting in increased local peroxynitrite formation and subsequent oxidation of the regulatory protein AKAP150 at cysteine 36, to impair AKAP150-TRPV4 channel signaling at MEPs. Superoxides 102-112 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 24-28 32326503-5 2020 Besides, pretreatment with APE reversed the CCl4 effects on superoxide dismutase (SOD), myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) levels in liver tissue in rats and reduced tissue damage as shown in hematoxylin and eosin staining. Superoxides 60-70 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 44-48 32315368-2 2020 The platelet, one of the main activators of neutrophils, contains Interleukin 8 (IL-8), a potent neutrophil chemo-attractant and P-selectin that induces excretion of superoxide in the neutrophils, forming platelet-neutrophil aggregates that are increased in individuals with active UC, hence an index of both cells could produce a monitoring tool. Superoxides 166-176 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 66-79 32315368-2 2020 The platelet, one of the main activators of neutrophils, contains Interleukin 8 (IL-8), a potent neutrophil chemo-attractant and P-selectin that induces excretion of superoxide in the neutrophils, forming platelet-neutrophil aggregates that are increased in individuals with active UC, hence an index of both cells could produce a monitoring tool. Superoxides 166-176 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 81-85 32351667-7 2020 Converted to a superoxide-producing enzyme, uncoupled eNOS not only leads to reduction of the nitric oxide (NO) generation but also potentiates the preexisting oxidative stress, which contributes significantly to atherogenesis. Superoxides 15-25 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 54-58 32171979-7 2020 The NSAPP pathway is an oxide transport chain that begins when insulin stimulates NADPH oxidase-4 to generate superoxide (O2 -). Superoxides 110-120 insulin Homo sapiens 63-70 32144179-7 2020 Functionally, deletion of Bbeta2 and maintained Drp1 Ser637 phosphorylation improved mitochondrial respiratory capacity, Ca2+ homeostasis, and attenuated superoxide production in response to ischemia and excitotoxicity in vitro and ex vivo Lastly, deletion of Bbeta2 rescued excessive stroke damage associated with dephosphorylation of Drp1 S637 and mitochondrial fission. Superoxides 154-164 dynamin 1-like Mus musculus 48-52 32016862-5 2020 Also, the pre- or posttreatment by HSP and/or TAU significantly minimized CCl4-induced reduction of superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione, and albumin concentrations. Superoxides 100-110 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 74-78 32157879-4 2020 LRW treatment could decrease Ang II-triggered superoxide production, inflammation, and proliferation in VSMCs. Superoxides 46-56 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 29-35 31873063-5 2020 Chimeric 14-18mer LNA/2"OMe oligonucleotides, exhibiting an LNA incorporation of ~33%, significantly ameliorated the misregulated alternative splicing of Mbnl1-dependent exons in primary DM1 mouse myoblasts and tibialis anterior muscles of DM1 mice. Superoxides 22-27 muscleblind like splicing factor 1 Mus musculus 154-159 31638087-7 2020 H2S exerts its antioxidant effect by limiting free radical reactions through the activation of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, which protect against the effects of aging by regulating apoptosis-related genes, including p53, Bax, and Bcl-2. Superoxides 126-136 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 278-281 31638087-7 2020 H2S exerts its antioxidant effect by limiting free radical reactions through the activation of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, which protect against the effects of aging by regulating apoptosis-related genes, including p53, Bax, and Bcl-2. Superoxides 126-136 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 283-286 31638087-7 2020 H2S exerts its antioxidant effect by limiting free radical reactions through the activation of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase, which protect against the effects of aging by regulating apoptosis-related genes, including p53, Bax, and Bcl-2. Superoxides 126-136 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 292-297 31957540-9 2020 Loss-of-function analysis indicated FTSJ3, a 2"-O-Me methyltransferase, as a candidate RNMT with functional roles in promoting cancer growth and survival. Superoxides 45-52 FtsJ RNA 2'-O-methyltransferase 3 Homo sapiens 36-41 32256070-4 2020 Methods: The purpose of this research was to prepare a novel thermo-sensitive hydrogel-poly(N-isopropyl-acrylamide)/poly(gamma-glutamic acid) (PP) loaded with superoxide dismutase (SOD) to improve the effect for trauma treatment. Superoxides 159-169 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 181-184 31960567-4 2020 Co/PMCS can eliminate O2 - and H2O2 by mimicking superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, while remove OH via the oxidative-reduction cycle, exhibiting markedly higher activity than nanozymes. Superoxides 22-24 catalase Mus musculus 71-79 32256070-8 2020 The activity of SOD in vitro was up to 85% at 10 h, which was advantageous to eliminate the superoxide anion. Superoxides 92-108 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 16-19 31973815-0 2020 P-Tyr42 RhoA GTPase amplifies superoxide formation through p47phox, phosphorylated by ROCK. Superoxides 30-40 ras homolog family member A Homo sapiens 8-12 31973815-4 2020 Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), a tumor promoter, also induces production of superoxides; PMA activates Src, a tyrosine kinase, and increases p-Tyr42 RhoA levels. Superoxides 78-89 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 105-108 31973815-4 2020 Phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), a tumor promoter, also induces production of superoxides; PMA activates Src, a tyrosine kinase, and increases p-Tyr42 RhoA levels. Superoxides 78-89 ras homolog family member A Homo sapiens 151-155 31973815-6 2020 Restoration of RhoA Y42F (a dephospho-mimic form) still had reduced superoxide formation in response to PMA, compared with WT and Y42E RhoA. Superoxides 68-78 ras homolog family member A Homo sapiens 15-19 31865110-3 2020 2019 Sep 5;220:117104) showed the effects of mercaptopropionic acid- CdTe quantum dots to the antioxidant enzymes catalase and superoxide dismutase molecules and then demonstrates the subsequent quantum dots toxic effects at a cellular level, and they proposed a mechanism of QD induced apoptosis and cell death involving oxidative stress, revealing their potential risk in the biomedical applications. Superoxides 127-137 catalase Mus musculus 114-122 31691474-6 2020 The experimental studies and DFT calculations reveal that the high performance of the Co@FLG is mainly attributed to its great O2 absorptivity endowed by the abundant Co-Nx and pyridinic-N in the FLG shell and the strong electron-donating ability from the Co ND core to the FLG shell to elevate the eg-orbital energy of Co(II) and lower the activation energy for breaking the O=O/O-O bonds. Superoxides 127-129 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 320-326 31691474-6 2020 The experimental studies and DFT calculations reveal that the high performance of the Co@FLG is mainly attributed to its great O2 absorptivity endowed by the abundant Co-Nx and pyridinic-N in the FLG shell and the strong electron-donating ability from the Co ND core to the FLG shell to elevate the eg-orbital energy of Co(II) and lower the activation energy for breaking the O=O/O-O bonds. Superoxides 380-383 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 320-326 32017423-1 2020 In this paper, we have used two N,O-ketiminato ligands ( L1 and L2 ) with biphenyl and terphenyl substituent on the nitrogen atom. Superoxides 32-46 L1 cell adhesion molecule Homo sapiens 57-66 32105455-3 2020 This PDOE system is able to block intracellular O2 consumption and down-regulate HIF-1alpha expression, which successfully rescues cancer cells from becoming hypoxic and relieves the intrinsic hypoxia burden of tumors in vivo, thereby sparing sufficient endogenous O2 for the PDT process. Superoxides 265-267 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 81-91 31634466-2 2020 Based on data obtained at the whole cell level using poorly specific chemical probes, reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide have been proposed to contribute to the stimulation of insulin secretion by nutrients (positive role) and to the alterations of cell survival and secretory function in T2D (negative role). Superoxides 124-134 insulin Homo sapiens 212-219 32060138-6 2020 CD43 core-2 O-glycosylation depended on cell-intrinsic canonical Notch signals and identified CD4+ and CD8+ T cells with high cytokine-producing ability. Superoxides 10-13 sialophorin Homo sapiens 0-4 31893554-2 2020 In this study, ozone pre-treatment (0.10, 0.25 and 0.50 mg O3/mg DOC (dissolved organic carbon)) was employed to oxidize model biopolymer, which was represented by bovine serum albumin (BSA) and sodium alginate (SA) in the presence of Ca2+ and Mg2+ (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 mM). Superoxides 59-61 albumin Homo sapiens 171-184 32003121-7 2020 N-homocysteinylation of superoxide dismutases (SOD1/2) provided new mechanistic insights for homocysteine-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis and Wnt signalling deregulation. Superoxides 24-34 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 47-53 32014991-0 2020 Genome-wide siRNA screening reveals that DCAF4-mediated ubiquitination of optineurin stimulates autophagic degradation of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 128-138 optineurin Homo sapiens 74-84 31759980-1 2020 Collagen beta (1-O) galactosyltransferase 1 (GLT25D1) has been reported to transfer galactose to hydroxylysine residues via beta (1-O) linkages in collagen. Superoxides 15-18 collagen beta(1-O)galactosyltransferase 1 Mus musculus 45-52 32014991-1 2020 Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is one of the genes implicated in the devastating neurodegenerative disorder amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Superoxides 6-16 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 32017896-3 2020 Here we report that the La-related protein LARP7 functions as a critical cofactor for 2"-O-methylation of U6 in mouse male germ cells. Superoxides 86-90 La ribonucleoprotein domain family, member 7 Mus musculus 43-48 32017896-4 2020 Mechanistically, LARP7 promotes U6 loading onto box C/D snoRNP, facilitating U6 2"-O-methylation by box C/D snoRNP. Superoxides 80-84 La ribonucleoprotein domain family, member 7 Mus musculus 17-22 32017896-5 2020 Importantly, ablation of LARP7 in the male germline causes defective U6 2"-O-methylation, massive alterations in pre-mRNA splicing, and spermatogenic failure in mice, which can be rescued by ectopic expression of wild-type LARP7 but not an U6-loading-deficient mutant LARP7. Superoxides 72-76 La ribonucleoprotein domain family, member 7 Mus musculus 25-30 32017896-6 2020 Our data uncover a novel role of LARP7 in regulating U6 2"-O-methylation and demonstrate the functional requirement of such modification for splicing fidelity and spermatogenesis in mice. Superoxides 56-60 La ribonucleoprotein domain family, member 7 Mus musculus 33-38 32057236-5 2020 When reaction with O2 occurs in the absence of protons or in the presence of 1 equiv of proton (i.e., from [FeII2(LS)(LSH)]+), unsupported mu-oxo or mu-hydroxo FeIII dinuclear complexes ([FeIII2(LS)2O] and [FeIII2(LS)2(OH)]+, respectively) are generated. Superoxides 19-21 helicase, lymphoid specific Homo sapiens 118-121 32016568-6 2020 In the sensing process, SOD and CuInZnS QDs on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) competed with each other for hydrogen peroxide to produce superoxide during electrochemical luminescence, thus quenching the ECL signal of CuInZnS QDs. Superoxides 137-147 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 24-27 32121598-11 2020 These results indicate that miR155-5p inhibits VSMC migration in SHR by suppressing ACE expression and its downstream production of Ang II, superoxide anion, and inflammatory factors. Superoxides 140-156 angiotensin I converting enzyme Rattus norvegicus 84-87 32167099-6 2020 Activated Nrf2 up-regulated antioxidant enzyme activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px)) and inhibited ROS and MDA production. Superoxides 59-69 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 10-14 31872977-4 2020 We have further generated a hypoxia-sensing mouse model, R26-O2 CreER, by targeted insertion of the O2 CreER-coding cassette in the ROSA26 locus. Superoxides 61-63 gene trap ROSA 26, Philippe Soriano Mus musculus 132-138 31809873-7 2020 Photoactivation of AKT inhibited the transcriptional activity of Forkhead box transcription factor O1 (FoxO1), reducing expression of lipolytic enzymes and FFA generation and release. Superoxides 99-101 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 19-22 31872977-4 2020 We have further generated a hypoxia-sensing mouse model, R26-O2 CreER, by targeted insertion of the O2 CreER-coding cassette in the ROSA26 locus. Superoxides 100-102 gene trap ROSA 26, Philippe Soriano Mus musculus 132-138 32515177-3 2020 In this experiment, we explored whether naringenin can increase the expression of superoxide dismutase 1(SOD1), reduce the oxidative stress of PC12 cells induced by homocysteine (Hcy), and decrease the apoptosis of PC12 cells induced by Hcy by inhibiting the expression of mir-224-3p. Superoxides 82-92 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 105-109 30927077-4 2020 Furthermore, iNOS produces superoxide anion which proceeds with NO to the harmful oxidant peroxynitrite, causing oxidative stress in the heart. Superoxides 27-43 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 13-17 31725940-8 2020 Bmi1 overexpression in MSCs also corrected 1,25(OH)2 D deficiency-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage, and cellular senescence of Cyp27b1+/- mice by reducing levels of reactive oxygen species, elevating serum total superoxide dismutase levels, reducing the percentage of gammaH2 A.X, p16, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha positive cells and decreasing gammaH2A.X, p16, p19, p53, p21, IL-1beta and IL-6 expression levels. Superoxides 219-229 Bmi1 polycomb ring finger oncogene Mus musculus 0-4 31739104-9 2020 Administration of CCl4 to rat severely depleted the activity level of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration while appreciably increased the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), H2O2, nitrite, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and IL-2 in lung and kidney tissues of rat. Superoxides 107-117 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 18-22 32111948-9 2020 We suggest that SOD2 is required to detoxify potential elevated superoxide anion levels by producing H2O2 in the physiologically persistent CL. Superoxides 64-80 superoxide dismutase 2 Felis catus 16-20 31957672-1 2020 Hypoxia (O2 <= 2 mg L-1) can severely threaten the survival of marine life and alter the biogeochemical cycles of coastal ecosystems. Superoxides 9-11 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-16 Homo sapiens 23-26 31982474-4 2020 Here, we proposed an alternative non-pharmacological, non-side-effect, low cost therapy based on anti-inflammation, antioxidant, regenerative and anti-pathogens properties of ozone (O3), through the activation of several molecular mechanisms (Nrf2-ARE, NF-kappaB, NFAT, AP-1, HIFalpha). Superoxides 182-184 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 243-247 32056106-1 2020 Aberrant structural formations of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD1) are the probable mechanism by which circumscribed mutations in the SOD1 gene cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS1). Superoxides 40-50 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 69-73 32056106-1 2020 Aberrant structural formations of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD1) are the probable mechanism by which circumscribed mutations in the SOD1 gene cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS1). Superoxides 40-50 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 142-146 32056106-1 2020 Aberrant structural formations of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD1) are the probable mechanism by which circumscribed mutations in the SOD1 gene cause familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS1). Superoxides 40-50 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 198-202 32056106-6 2020 Superoxide exposure via paraquat initiated the formation of SOD1 trimers in untransfected SH-SY5Y cells and increased the aggregation propensity of G85R in HEK293FT. Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 60-64 32056106-7 2020 These data show the kinetic formation of aberrant SOD1 subsets implicated in ALS1 and indicate that superoxide substrate may initiate its radical polymerization. Superoxides 100-110 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 50-54 32128111-8 2020 Along with superoxide scavenging property, SOD3 also displays anti-angiogenic, anti-chemotactic and anti-inflammatory functions in both enzymatic and non-enzymatic manners. Superoxides 11-21 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 43-47 31874363-5 2020 These potentials are in the range of typical (O,O) chelated Co(III) ternary complexes bearing 4 N donor ligands and follow the order being more positive for the tpa containing complexes. Superoxides 46-49 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase III Homo sapiens 60-67 31992853-4 2020 Inhibition of PIM kinases caused excessive mitochondrial fission and significant upregulation of mitochondrial superoxide, increasing intracellular ROS. Superoxides 111-121 Pim-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase Homo sapiens 14-17 32180786-1 2020 Rcd1 (radical-induced cell death1) is an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant, which exhibits high tolerance to paraquat [methyl viologen (MV)], herbicide that interrupts photosynthetic electron transport chain causing the formation of superoxide and inhibiting NADPH production in the chloroplast. Superoxides 227-237 WWE protein-protein interaction domain protein family Arabidopsis thaliana 0-4 32180786-5 2020 In light conditions, superoxide production was elevated in rcd1, but no metabolic markers of oxidative stress were detected. Superoxides 21-31 WWE protein-protein interaction domain protein family Arabidopsis thaliana 59-63 32048696-0 2020 Structures of mixed manganese ruthenium oxides (Mn1-xRux)O2 crystallised under acidic hydrothermal conditions. Superoxides 57-59 MN1 proto-oncogene, transcriptional regulator Homo sapiens 48-51 31373359-1 2020 Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) suppresses oxidative stress within cells by decreasing the levels of superoxide anions. Superoxides 99-116 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 0-22 31833760-5 2020 The results identified tofacitinib as a concentration-, time-, and NADPH-dependent irreversible inhibitor of CYP3A4 where glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase/catalase offered minor or little protection against the CYP3A4 inactivation. Superoxides 144-154 cytochrome P450 family 3 subfamily A member 4 Homo sapiens 109-115 31887964-4 2020 More significantly, in the presence of competitive anions Cl-, SO42-, HCO3-, NO3-, F- and HCrO4-, the resultant La-CS@PDA still conducted distinct selectivity for phosphate, which could be attributed to the selective binding sites of La species in the composite. Superoxides 90-95 NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist Homo sapiens 77-80 31373359-1 2020 Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) suppresses oxidative stress within cells by decreasing the levels of superoxide anions. Superoxides 99-116 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 24-28 32042309-7 2020 SOD efficacy suggests that superoxide scavenging is a promising therapeutic strategy in excitotoxic injury. Superoxides 27-37 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 31669277-2 2020 The mutations in Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) causing its misfolding and aggregation are found linked to the motor neuron disorder, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Superoxides 23-33 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 45-49 32024241-6 2020 Loss of ADAM17 in endothelial cells markedly reduced oxidative stress evidenced by decreased levels of superoxide, 3-nitrotyrosine, and 4-hydroxynonenal and decreased leukocyte-endothelium adhesive interactions in vivo and in vitro. Superoxides 103-113 a disintegrin and metallopeptidase domain 17 Mus musculus 8-14 32095349-12 2020 Its SOD activity under -4 C had a significant negative correlation (r = - 0.995) with superoxide anion O2 - content. Superoxides 87-103 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 4-7 32095349-12 2020 Its SOD activity under -4 C had a significant negative correlation (r = - 0.995) with superoxide anion O2 - content. Superoxides 104-106 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 4-7 31876685-11 2020 These observations suggest that SirT3-SOD2-intracellular superoxide is a key component associated with the cognitive dysfunction induced by LTIH. Superoxides 57-67 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 38-42 32011969-5 2021 Among the pluripotency related transcripts, the expression of Oct4 was significantly upregulated and the expression of Sox2 and Nanog was significantly downregulated in embryos at 5% than at 20% O2. Superoxides 195-197 homeobox protein NANOG Ovis aries 128-133 31851532-5 2020 BALF neutrophils from Saa3 knockout mice exhibited reduced superoxide production compared to neutrophils from wildtype mice. Superoxides 59-69 serum amyloid A 3 Mus musculus 22-26 31851532-6 2020 In vitro treatment of mouse neutrophils with SAA3 restored the abilities of the neutrophils to produce superoxide. Superoxides 103-113 serum amyloid A 3 Mus musculus 45-49 31563106-12 2020 For the three PCB-OH radicals considered here, their reactions with O2 also form HO-PCBs and bicyclic radicals. Superoxides 68-70 pyruvate carboxylase Homo sapiens 14-17 31604191-7 2020 Monte Carlo simulation of delta18O-NO3- indicated that oxidation process by hydroxyl radical contributed 65 +- 14% of NO3-, with the rest from hydrolysis of N2O5. Superoxides 157-161 NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist Homo sapiens 35-38 31837790-5 2020 In contrast, CCl4 injection significantly reduced hepatic antioxidant enzyme activities; that is, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 125-135 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Rattus norvegicus 13-17 31552902-7 2020 Furthermore, trichostatin A increased the expression of Nrf2-related target genes, such as superoxide dismutase, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 and glutathione S-transferase, thereby increasing the total antioxidant capacity of SH-SY5Y cells and inhibiting amyloid beta-peptide-induced autophagy. Superoxides 91-101 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 56-60 31876980-4 2020 Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of pancreatic superoxide dismutase, catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione was effectively increased while the value for thiobarbituric acid reactive species was decreased. Superoxides 52-62 catalase Rattus norvegicus 84-87 32007910-7 2020 We demonstrated that inhibition of the thioredoxin-dependent system or copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) could abrogate NRF2-mediated resistance to beta-lapachone, while depletion of catalase or glutathione was ineffective. Superoxides 71-93 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 105-109 32007910-7 2020 We demonstrated that inhibition of the thioredoxin-dependent system or copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) could abrogate NRF2-mediated resistance to beta-lapachone, while depletion of catalase or glutathione was ineffective. Superoxides 71-93 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 126-130 31901444-11 2020 Increased levels of superoxide anion (O2-) were found in the renal cortex of both WT and IL-10-deficient mice. Superoxides 20-36 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 89-94 31723239-6 2020 Mechanistically, SIRT3 prevents mitochondrial superoxide surges in detached cells by regulating the manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2). Superoxides 46-56 sirtuin 3 Homo sapiens 17-22 31723239-6 2020 Mechanistically, SIRT3 prevents mitochondrial superoxide surges in detached cells by regulating the manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2). Superoxides 100-120 sirtuin 3 Homo sapiens 17-22 31954371-0 2020 Superoxide induced inhibition of death receptor signaling is mediated via induced expression of apoptosis inhibitory protein cFLIP. Superoxides 0-10 CASP8 and FADD like apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 125-130 31954371-2 2020 Here we report that pharmacological or genetic means to effect an increase in intracellular superoxide result in cFLIP upregulation. Superoxides 92-102 CASP8 and FADD like apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 113-118 31954371-3 2020 Interestingly, Bcl-2 overexpression is associated with a concomitant increase in cFLIP, and reducing superoxide sensitizes Bcl-2 overexpressing cancer cells to receptor-mediated apoptosis via downregulation of cFLIP. Superoxides 101-111 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 123-128 31954371-3 2020 Interestingly, Bcl-2 overexpression is associated with a concomitant increase in cFLIP, and reducing superoxide sensitizes Bcl-2 overexpressing cancer cells to receptor-mediated apoptosis via downregulation of cFLIP. Superoxides 101-111 CASP8 and FADD like apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 210-215 31689658-9 2020 In addition, airway inflammation, a lower number of CD3epsilon-CD49b+ splenic NK cells, and systemic oxidative stress were caused at the end of pregnancy after O3 exposure, which did not recover at the end of lactation for the first two responses. Superoxides 160-162 integrin alpha 2 Mus musculus 63-68 31954371-4 2020 Moreover, inhibiting glycolytic flux overcomes apoptosis resistance by superoxide-dependent downregulation of cFLIP. Superoxides 71-81 CASP8 and FADD like apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 110-115 31954371-5 2020 Superoxide-induced upregulation of cFLIP is a function of enhanced transcription, as evidenced by increases in cFLIP promoter activity and mRNA abundance. Superoxides 0-10 CASP8 and FADD like apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 35-40 31954371-5 2020 Superoxide-induced upregulation of cFLIP is a function of enhanced transcription, as evidenced by increases in cFLIP promoter activity and mRNA abundance. Superoxides 0-10 CASP8 and FADD like apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 111-116 31954371-6 2020 The positive effect of superoxide on cFLIP is mediated through its reaction with nitric oxide to generate peroxynitrite. Superoxides 23-33 CASP8 and FADD like apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 37-42 31954371-7 2020 Corroborating these findings in cell lines, subjecting primary cells derived from lymphoma patients to glucose deprivation ex vivo, as a means to decrease superoxide, not only reduced cFLIP expression but also significantly enhanced death receptor sensitivity. Superoxides 155-165 CASP8 and FADD like apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 184-189 31689658-10 2020 CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal O3 exposure increased the severity of OVA-induced asthma in the offspring, which might be directly induced by CD3epsilon-CD49b+ splenic NK cells in the offspring and indirectly related to the damaged maternal immune system. Superoxides 22-24 integrin alpha 2 Mus musculus 143-148 31880456-0 2020 SN2 Reactions of N2O5 with Ions in Water: Microscopic Mechanisms, Intermediates, and Products. Superoxides 17-21 solute carrier family 38 member 5 Homo sapiens 0-3 31898906-1 2020 Recent studies have associated the absence of bound metals (Apo protein) and mutations in the Cu-Zn Human Superoxide Dismutase (SOD1) with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) disease, suggesting mechanisms of SOD1 aggregation. Superoxides 106-116 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 128-132 31980020-10 2020 The FAS/FIS ratio increased from 0.46 to 0.72 within 260 s in group N2O and from 0.42 to 0.69 within 286 s in group Air. Superoxides 68-71 long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1554 Homo sapiens 8-11 31898906-1 2020 Recent studies have associated the absence of bound metals (Apo protein) and mutations in the Cu-Zn Human Superoxide Dismutase (SOD1) with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) disease, suggesting mechanisms of SOD1 aggregation. Superoxides 106-116 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 209-213 31991904-8 2020 Pre-treatment with N-acetyl-l-cysteine and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) significantly suppressed AG-1-induced toxicity, suggesting that superoxide and hydrogen peroxide contribute to AG-1-induced toxicity in human cancer cells. Superoxides 163-173 catalase Homo sapiens 89-97 31845986-4 2020 The OXR1-depleted cells had higher levels of superoxide and micronucleus (MN) formation than control cells after irradiation. Superoxides 45-55 oxidation resistance 1 Homo sapiens 4-8 31880441-4 2020 Specifically, the MoO3-x NUs first induce catalase (CAT)-like reactivity to decompose hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in tumor microenvironment, producing a considerable amount of O2 for subsequent oxidase (OXD)-like reactivity of MoO3-x NUs; a substantial cytotoxic superoxide radical ( O2-) is thus generated for tumor cell apoptosis. Superoxides 107-109 catalase Homo sapiens 42-50 31880441-4 2020 Specifically, the MoO3-x NUs first induce catalase (CAT)-like reactivity to decompose hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in tumor microenvironment, producing a considerable amount of O2 for subsequent oxidase (OXD)-like reactivity of MoO3-x NUs; a substantial cytotoxic superoxide radical ( O2-) is thus generated for tumor cell apoptosis. Superoxides 107-109 catalase Homo sapiens 52-55 31880441-4 2020 Specifically, the MoO3-x NUs first induce catalase (CAT)-like reactivity to decompose hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in tumor microenvironment, producing a considerable amount of O2 for subsequent oxidase (OXD)-like reactivity of MoO3-x NUs; a substantial cytotoxic superoxide radical ( O2-) is thus generated for tumor cell apoptosis. Superoxides 260-270 catalase Homo sapiens 42-50 31880441-4 2020 Specifically, the MoO3-x NUs first induce catalase (CAT)-like reactivity to decompose hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in tumor microenvironment, producing a considerable amount of O2 for subsequent oxidase (OXD)-like reactivity of MoO3-x NUs; a substantial cytotoxic superoxide radical ( O2-) is thus generated for tumor cell apoptosis. Superoxides 260-270 catalase Homo sapiens 52-55 31880441-4 2020 Specifically, the MoO3-x NUs first induce catalase (CAT)-like reactivity to decompose hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in tumor microenvironment, producing a considerable amount of O2 for subsequent oxidase (OXD)-like reactivity of MoO3-x NUs; a substantial cytotoxic superoxide radical ( O2-) is thus generated for tumor cell apoptosis. Superoxides 173-175 catalase Homo sapiens 42-50 31880441-4 2020 Specifically, the MoO3-x NUs first induce catalase (CAT)-like reactivity to decompose hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in tumor microenvironment, producing a considerable amount of O2 for subsequent oxidase (OXD)-like reactivity of MoO3-x NUs; a substantial cytotoxic superoxide radical ( O2-) is thus generated for tumor cell apoptosis. Superoxides 173-175 catalase Homo sapiens 52-55 31873002-5 2020 More importantly, the CAT-mimicking Pt nanozyme on the Sm-TCPP nanosheets could effectively convert over-expressed H2O2 in the tumor microenvironment into O2 to relieve tumor hypoxia. Superoxides 117-119 catalase Homo sapiens 22-25 31963256-1 2020 Catalase (CAT) stands out as one of the most efficient natural enzymes when catalysing the split of H2O2 into H2O and O2; H2O2 is one of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in oxidative stress, a process closely related to aging and several health disorders or diseases like male infertility. Superoxides 102-104 catalase Homo sapiens 0-8 31963256-1 2020 Catalase (CAT) stands out as one of the most efficient natural enzymes when catalysing the split of H2O2 into H2O and O2; H2O2 is one of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in oxidative stress, a process closely related to aging and several health disorders or diseases like male infertility. Superoxides 102-104 catalase Homo sapiens 10-13 31849213-6 2020 Catalase (CAT) was encapsulated to catalyze the production of oxygen (O2) from H2O2. Superoxides 70-72 catalase Mus musculus 0-8 31849213-6 2020 Catalase (CAT) was encapsulated to catalyze the production of oxygen (O2) from H2O2. Superoxides 70-72 catalase Mus musculus 10-13 31964409-7 2020 Mechanistically, we identified lncRNA-NEAT1 as a mediator of exosomeMIF by regulating the expression of miR-142-3p and activating Forkhead class O1 (FOXO1). Superoxides 145-147 forkhead box O1 Homo sapiens 149-154 31860288-5 2020 Reactions with four equimolar amounts of AgL (L = CH3COO- or NO3-) in water-acetone gave doubly oxido- and bidentate oxygen donor ligand-bridged diruthenium complexes of Ru(III)-Ru(IV), [{RuIII,IV(ebpma)}2(mu-O)2(mu-L)]2+ ([3L]2+; L = O2CCH3; [3CH3COO]2+, L = O2NO; [3NO3]2+). Superoxides 260-264 amylo-alpha-1, 6-glucosidase, 4-alpha-glucanotransferase Homo sapiens 41-44 31952251-6 2020 Ganpu tea and GCP could significantly enhance the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) by 13.4% (p < 0.05) and 15.1% (p < 0.01), as well as the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) by 16.3% (p < 0.01) and 20.5% (p < 0.01), respectively. Superoxides 64-74 golgin B1 Homo sapiens 14-17 31841322-3 2020 The organic ligands coordinate equatorially to the two CoII ions via two bidentate (O,S) N-acylthiourea moieties and tridentate to the central Ln ion via the (O,N,O) 2,6-dipicolinoyl moieties. Superoxides 159-164 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 55-59 32021440-9 2020 Also, CA6-generated ROS inhibited Akt and activated forkhead O3A (FoxO3a), causing cytotoxicity in gastric cancer cells. Superoxides 61-64 carbonic anhydrase 6 Mus musculus 6-9 32025460-1 2020 The aim of this review is to highlight the rich chemistry of alpha-haloamides originally mainly used to discover new C-N, C-O and C-S bond forming reactions, and later widely employed in C-C cross-coupling reactions with C(sp3), C(sp2) and C(sp) coupling partners. Superoxides 122-125 Sp2 transcription factor Homo sapiens 229-234 31760771-0 2020 Angiotensin II-induced superoxide and decreased glutathione in proximal tubules: Effect of dietary fructose. Superoxides 23-33 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-14 31264901-8 2020 Consistently, chronic hypoxia augmented endothelin-1-induced superoxide production through epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, and rats treated chronically with gefitinib displayed reduced right ventricular pressure and diminished arterial remodeling. Superoxides 61-71 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 40-52 32323267-3 2020 H2O2 is generated by superoxide dismutase (SOD)-mediated conversion of superoxide produced by membrane-localized NADPH oxidases (NOXes). Superoxides 21-31 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 43-46 31760771-1 2020 Angiotensin II exacerbates oxidative stress in part by increasing superoxide (O2-) production by many renal tissues. Superoxides 66-76 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-14 31760771-6 2020 Angiotensin II (10 nM) increased O2- production by 113+-42 relative light units (RLU)/mg protein/s in Controls and by 401+-74 RLU/mg protein/s in FRUCT (p<0.05 vs. Control, n=11 each group). Superoxides 33-35 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-14 31760771-1 2020 Angiotensin II exacerbates oxidative stress in part by increasing superoxide (O2-) production by many renal tissues. Superoxides 77-82 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-14 31760771-4 2020 We hypothesized that angiotensin II causes proximal nephron oxidative stress in part by stimulating NADPH oxidase (NOX) 4-dependent O2- production and decreasing the amount of the antioxidant glutathione, and this is exacerbated by dietary fructose. Superoxides 132-134 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 21-35 31760771-11 2020 We conclude: 1) angiotensin II causes oxidative stress in proximal tubules by increasing O2- production by NOX4 and decreasing GSH; and 2) dietary fructose enhances angiotensin II"s ability to stimulate O2- and diminish GSH thereby exacerbating oxidative stress. Superoxides 89-91 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 16-30 31760771-11 2020 We conclude: 1) angiotensin II causes oxidative stress in proximal tubules by increasing O2- production by NOX4 and decreasing GSH; and 2) dietary fructose enhances angiotensin II"s ability to stimulate O2- and diminish GSH thereby exacerbating oxidative stress. Superoxides 89-91 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 165-179 31670860-2 2020 Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), a cytosolic antioxidant enzyme has a key role in neutralizing the excessive prooxidant by scavenging the super oxide anions. Superoxides 136-147 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-22 31760771-11 2020 We conclude: 1) angiotensin II causes oxidative stress in proximal tubules by increasing O2- production by NOX4 and decreasing GSH; and 2) dietary fructose enhances angiotensin II"s ability to stimulate O2- and diminish GSH thereby exacerbating oxidative stress. Superoxides 203-205 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 16-30 31760771-11 2020 We conclude: 1) angiotensin II causes oxidative stress in proximal tubules by increasing O2- production by NOX4 and decreasing GSH; and 2) dietary fructose enhances angiotensin II"s ability to stimulate O2- and diminish GSH thereby exacerbating oxidative stress. Superoxides 203-205 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 165-179 31734849-7 2020 Arsenic trioxide (As2O3; 1-5 muM) significantly induced senescence in human articular chondrocytes by increasing senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-beta-Gal) activity and protein expression of p16, p53, and p21. Superoxides 18-23 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A Homo sapiens 203-206 31734849-7 2020 Arsenic trioxide (As2O3; 1-5 muM) significantly induced senescence in human articular chondrocytes by increasing senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-beta-Gal) activity and protein expression of p16, p53, and p21. Superoxides 18-23 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 208-211 31734849-7 2020 Arsenic trioxide (As2O3; 1-5 muM) significantly induced senescence in human articular chondrocytes by increasing senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-beta-Gal) activity and protein expression of p16, p53, and p21. Superoxides 18-23 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1A Homo sapiens 217-220 31670860-2 2020 Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), a cytosolic antioxidant enzyme has a key role in neutralizing the excessive prooxidant by scavenging the super oxide anions. Superoxides 136-147 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 24-28 31759978-6 2020 Increased production of O2 - after X1 or sorafenib was abrogated by JNK inhibition and antioxidants. Superoxides 24-26 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 68-71 31914595-5 2020 Parallel studies revealed that fission-defective Drp1 knockout hearts and MEFs evoked stronger mitochondrial enlargement, enhanced mitophagy with mitochondrial volume decrease and increased mitochondrial calcium uptake, superoxide production, and permeability transition pore opening, contributed to cardiomyocyte apoptosis and dilated cardiomyopathy. Superoxides 220-230 dynamin 1-like Mus musculus 49-53 33117618-5 2020 P-SPI consumption inhibited serum ACE activity, increased superoxide dismutase activity and nitric oxide levels and reduced malondialdehyde levels in serum. Superoxides 58-68 chromogranin A Homo sapiens 2-5 31914665-3 2020 Here we hypothesized that in vitro expression of mutant dog SOD1 would recapitulate features of human ALS (ie, SOD1 protein aggregation, reduced cell viability, perturbations in mitochondrial morphology and membrane potential, reduced ATP production, and increased superoxide ion levels); further, we hypothesized that an equivalent equine SOD1 variant would share similar perturbations in vitro, thereby explain horses" susceptibility to certain neurodegenerative diseases. Superoxides 265-275 superoxide dismutase 1 Canis lupus familiaris 60-64 33172292-7 2020 GLA also elevated the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase in H/R-stimulated H9c2 cells. Superoxides 67-77 galactosidase, alpha Rattus norvegicus 0-3 32600223-3 2020 To limit ROS toxicity, cells use Cu-dependent chaperone proteins, Cu-binding ceruloplasmin, and Cu-modulated enzymes like superoxide dismutases (SOD) like SOD1 and SOD3 to scavenge excess superoxide anion which favours Cu+ reduction, and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase, important in aerobic energy production. Superoxides 188-204 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 155-159 32600223-3 2020 To limit ROS toxicity, cells use Cu-dependent chaperone proteins, Cu-binding ceruloplasmin, and Cu-modulated enzymes like superoxide dismutases (SOD) like SOD1 and SOD3 to scavenge excess superoxide anion which favours Cu+ reduction, and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase, important in aerobic energy production. Superoxides 188-204 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 164-168 31869312-13 2020 CONCLUSION: Adding a 4-wk course of CR to UC for patients with CSX not only increased the Duke Treadmill Score and exercise test duration but also improved the resting O2 pulse, peak (Equation is included in full-text article. Superoxides 168-170 NK2 homeobox 5 Homo sapiens 63-66 31724066-3 2020 The superoxide dismutase (SOD), an antioxidant enzyme, plays an essential pathogenic role in the inflammatory diseases by not only catalyzing the conversion of the superoxide to hydrogen peroxide and oxygen but also affecting immune responses. Superoxides 4-14 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 26-29 31729001-1 2020 The superoxide (O2 -)-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes comprises a membrane-associated heterodimeric flavocytochrome, known as cytochrome b 558 (consisting of NOX2 and p22phox) and four cytosolic regulatory proteins, p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 16-18 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 280-283 31648572-7 2020 Abbreviations AKT protein kinase B ARMS alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma ATM ataxia telangiectasia mutated Bax Bcl-2-associated X protein Bcl-2 B-cell lymphoma 2 CDC2 cyclin-dependent kinase 2 Bcl-xL B-cell lymphoma-extra large c-FLIP cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein CDDP cisplatin COX-2 cyclooxygenase-2 cyt c cytochrome c DNA-PKcs DNA-dependent protein kinase EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor EMT epithelial-mesenchymal transition ERK extracellular signal-regulated kinase ES Ewing`s sarcoma ETS2 erythroblastosis virus transcription factor 2 GBM glioblastoma multiforme HCC hepatocellular carcinoma HNSCC head and neck squamous cell carcinoma IAP inhibitor of apoptosis protein IkappaBalpha inhibitor of kappaB alpha IKK inhibitor of kappaB kinase IR ionizing radiation lncRNA long non-coding RNA luc luciferase Mcl-1 myeloid cell leukemia-1 MDR1 multidrug resistance protein 1 miR microRNA MMP-9 matrix metalloproteinase-9 mTOR mammalian target of rapamycin NB neuroblastoma NF-kappaB nuclear factor-kappaB NPC nasopharyngeal carcinoma NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer OSCC oral squamous cell carcinoma PARP poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase pH2AX phosphorylated histone 2AX-immunoreactive PI3K phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase Prp4K Pre-mRNA processing factor 4 kinase RCC renal cell carcinoma ROS reactive oxygen species SCC squamous cell carcinoma SLN solid lipid nanoparticle SOD2 superoxide dismutase 2 TERT telomerase reverse transcriptase TNF-alpha tumor necrosis factor-alpha TxnRd1 thioredoxin reductase-1 VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor XIAP X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein DeltaPsim mitochondrial membrane potential. Superoxides 1386-1396 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 14-17 31729001-1 2020 The superoxide (O2 -)-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes comprises a membrane-associated heterodimeric flavocytochrome, known as cytochrome b 558 (consisting of NOX2 and p22phox) and four cytosolic regulatory proteins, p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 4-14 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 280-283 31648572-7 2020 Abbreviations AKT protein kinase B ARMS alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma ATM ataxia telangiectasia mutated Bax Bcl-2-associated X protein Bcl-2 B-cell lymphoma 2 CDC2 cyclin-dependent kinase 2 Bcl-xL B-cell lymphoma-extra large c-FLIP cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein CDDP cisplatin COX-2 cyclooxygenase-2 cyt c cytochrome c DNA-PKcs DNA-dependent protein kinase EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor EMT epithelial-mesenchymal transition ERK extracellular signal-regulated kinase ES Ewing`s sarcoma ETS2 erythroblastosis virus transcription factor 2 GBM glioblastoma multiforme HCC hepatocellular carcinoma HNSCC head and neck squamous cell carcinoma IAP inhibitor of apoptosis protein IkappaBalpha inhibitor of kappaB alpha IKK inhibitor of kappaB kinase IR ionizing radiation lncRNA long non-coding RNA luc luciferase Mcl-1 myeloid cell leukemia-1 MDR1 multidrug resistance protein 1 miR microRNA MMP-9 matrix metalloproteinase-9 mTOR mammalian target of rapamycin NB neuroblastoma NF-kappaB nuclear factor-kappaB NPC nasopharyngeal carcinoma NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer OSCC oral squamous cell carcinoma PARP poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase pH2AX phosphorylated histone 2AX-immunoreactive PI3K phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase Prp4K Pre-mRNA processing factor 4 kinase RCC renal cell carcinoma ROS reactive oxygen species SCC squamous cell carcinoma SLN solid lipid nanoparticle SOD2 superoxide dismutase 2 TERT telomerase reverse transcriptase TNF-alpha tumor necrosis factor-alpha TxnRd1 thioredoxin reductase-1 VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor XIAP X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein DeltaPsim mitochondrial membrane potential. Superoxides 1386-1396 BCL2 like 1 Homo sapiens 186-192 31648572-7 2020 Abbreviations AKT protein kinase B ARMS alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma ATM ataxia telangiectasia mutated Bax Bcl-2-associated X protein Bcl-2 B-cell lymphoma 2 CDC2 cyclin-dependent kinase 2 Bcl-xL B-cell lymphoma-extra large c-FLIP cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein CDDP cisplatin COX-2 cyclooxygenase-2 cyt c cytochrome c DNA-PKcs DNA-dependent protein kinase EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor EMT epithelial-mesenchymal transition ERK extracellular signal-regulated kinase ES Ewing`s sarcoma ETS2 erythroblastosis virus transcription factor 2 GBM glioblastoma multiforme HCC hepatocellular carcinoma HNSCC head and neck squamous cell carcinoma IAP inhibitor of apoptosis protein IkappaBalpha inhibitor of kappaB alpha IKK inhibitor of kappaB kinase IR ionizing radiation lncRNA long non-coding RNA luc luciferase Mcl-1 myeloid cell leukemia-1 MDR1 multidrug resistance protein 1 miR microRNA MMP-9 matrix metalloproteinase-9 mTOR mammalian target of rapamycin NB neuroblastoma NF-kappaB nuclear factor-kappaB NPC nasopharyngeal carcinoma NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer OSCC oral squamous cell carcinoma PARP poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase pH2AX phosphorylated histone 2AX-immunoreactive PI3K phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase Prp4K Pre-mRNA processing factor 4 kinase RCC renal cell carcinoma ROS reactive oxygen species SCC squamous cell carcinoma SLN solid lipid nanoparticle SOD2 superoxide dismutase 2 TERT telomerase reverse transcriptase TNF-alpha tumor necrosis factor-alpha TxnRd1 thioredoxin reductase-1 VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor XIAP X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein DeltaPsim mitochondrial membrane potential. Superoxides 1386-1396 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 282-287 31648572-7 2020 Abbreviations AKT protein kinase B ARMS alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma ATM ataxia telangiectasia mutated Bax Bcl-2-associated X protein Bcl-2 B-cell lymphoma 2 CDC2 cyclin-dependent kinase 2 Bcl-xL B-cell lymphoma-extra large c-FLIP cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein CDDP cisplatin COX-2 cyclooxygenase-2 cyt c cytochrome c DNA-PKcs DNA-dependent protein kinase EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor EMT epithelial-mesenchymal transition ERK extracellular signal-regulated kinase ES Ewing`s sarcoma ETS2 erythroblastosis virus transcription factor 2 GBM glioblastoma multiforme HCC hepatocellular carcinoma HNSCC head and neck squamous cell carcinoma IAP inhibitor of apoptosis protein IkappaBalpha inhibitor of kappaB alpha IKK inhibitor of kappaB kinase IR ionizing radiation lncRNA long non-coding RNA luc luciferase Mcl-1 myeloid cell leukemia-1 MDR1 multidrug resistance protein 1 miR microRNA MMP-9 matrix metalloproteinase-9 mTOR mammalian target of rapamycin NB neuroblastoma NF-kappaB nuclear factor-kappaB NPC nasopharyngeal carcinoma NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer OSCC oral squamous cell carcinoma PARP poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase pH2AX phosphorylated histone 2AX-immunoreactive PI3K phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase Prp4K Pre-mRNA processing factor 4 kinase RCC renal cell carcinoma ROS reactive oxygen species SCC squamous cell carcinoma SLN solid lipid nanoparticle SOD2 superoxide dismutase 2 TERT telomerase reverse transcriptase TNF-alpha tumor necrosis factor-alpha TxnRd1 thioredoxin reductase-1 VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor XIAP X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein DeltaPsim mitochondrial membrane potential. Superoxides 1386-1396 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 288-304 31790899-8 2020 HIF-1 activation could be partly attributed to an increase in radical oxygen species and a decrease in superoxide dismutase activity. Superoxides 103-113 Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 Caenorhabditis elegans 0-5 32043431-6 2020 The obligatory contribution of O2 to de novo UMP synthesis means that DHODH has a pivotal role in adapting the proliferative capacity of cells to different conditions of oxygenation, such as hypoxia in growing tumors. Superoxides 31-33 dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (quinone) Homo sapiens 70-75 31677552-7 2020 This O2-dependent inhibition is mediated by O2-sensing neurons that communicate with the intestine through neurotransmitter and neuropeptide signalling, and requires the activity of hydroxylated HIF-1. Superoxides 5-7 Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 Caenorhabditis elegans 195-200 31677552-7 2020 This O2-dependent inhibition is mediated by O2-sensing neurons that communicate with the intestine through neurotransmitter and neuropeptide signalling, and requires the activity of hydroxylated HIF-1. Superoxides 44-46 Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 Caenorhabditis elegans 195-200 31678720-3 2020 Duox1 and Duox2 activities similarly produce intracellular protons but synthesize hydrogen peroxide directly instead of superoxide. Superoxides 120-130 dual oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 10-15 31926632-6 2020 Furthermore, 7-O-cinnamoyltaxifolin and 7-O-feruloyltaxifolin reduced LPS-induced neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglia cells as assessed by effects on the levels of NO, IL6 and TNFalpha. Superoxides 13-35 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 168-171 31926632-6 2020 Furthermore, 7-O-cinnamoyltaxifolin and 7-O-feruloyltaxifolin reduced LPS-induced neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglia cells as assessed by effects on the levels of NO, IL6 and TNFalpha. Superoxides 13-35 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 176-184 31926632-6 2020 Furthermore, 7-O-cinnamoyltaxifolin and 7-O-feruloyltaxifolin reduced LPS-induced neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglia cells as assessed by effects on the levels of NO, IL6 and TNFalpha. Superoxides 40-61 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 168-171 31926632-6 2020 Furthermore, 7-O-cinnamoyltaxifolin and 7-O-feruloyltaxifolin reduced LPS-induced neuroinflammation in BV-2 microglia cells as assessed by effects on the levels of NO, IL6 and TNFalpha. Superoxides 40-61 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 176-184 31970202-3 2020 The objective of this study was to enhance breathing and prolong survival by suppressing superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) expression in respiratory motor neurons using adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing an artificial microRNA targeting the SOD1 gene. Superoxides 89-99 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 113-117 31647296-4 2019 The activities of Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD2), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) exhibited an age-related decline, whereas catalase was unchanged and Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) displayed only slight decrease in old heart and was unchanged in the senescent heart. Superoxides 21-31 peroxiredoxin 5 Rattus norvegicus 112-133 31922706-7 2019 RelA, RelB, ASK1, TNF-alpha and SC expressions were significantly higher in the 85% O2 group in comparison with the control group and the 40% O2 group. Superoxides 84-86 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 18-27 31922706-8 2019 In the 40% O2 group, RelA, RelB, ASK1 and TNF-alpha were upregulated, but SC expression was not significantly different than that of the control group. Superoxides 11-13 RELB proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 27-31 31922706-8 2019 In the 40% O2 group, RelA, RelB, ASK1 and TNF-alpha were upregulated, but SC expression was not significantly different than that of the control group. Superoxides 11-13 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 42-51 31970202-3 2020 The objective of this study was to enhance breathing and prolong survival by suppressing superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) expression in respiratory motor neurons using adeno-associated virus (AAV) expressing an artificial microRNA targeting the SOD1 gene. Superoxides 89-99 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 242-246 31855568-0 2019 Molecular docking of novel 5-O-benzoylpinostrobin derivatives as wild type and L858R/T790M/V948R mutant EGFR inhibitor. Superoxides 27-49 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 104-108 31882813-5 2019 Besides, Mn-TAT PTD-Ngb activated the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway, which up-regulated the expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT). Superoxides 199-209 catalase Homo sapiens 227-235 31882813-5 2019 Besides, Mn-TAT PTD-Ngb activated the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway, which up-regulated the expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT). Superoxides 199-209 catalase Homo sapiens 237-240 31855568-1 2019 Background Previous studies have shown that 5-O-benzoylpinostrobin derivatives is a potential anti-breast cancer, with the highest potential being the HER2 inhibitors, is a protein"s member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family. Superoxides 44-66 erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 Homo sapiens 151-155 31855568-1 2019 Background Previous studies have shown that 5-O-benzoylpinostrobin derivatives is a potential anti-breast cancer, with the highest potential being the HER2 inhibitors, is a protein"s member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family. Superoxides 44-66 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 197-229 31891121-9 2019 We demonstrate transcriptional and translational upregulation of NGF, NT-3, Ang-1, and FGF-2 in response to cytokines in ASCs in 21% and 5% O2. Superoxides 140-142 fibroblast growth factor 2 Homo sapiens 87-92 31855568-1 2019 Background Previous studies have shown that 5-O-benzoylpinostrobin derivatives is a potential anti-breast cancer, with the highest potential being the HER2 inhibitors, is a protein"s member of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family. Superoxides 44-66 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 231-235 31855568-3 2019 Thus, it is possible that 5-O-benzoylpinostrobin derivatives can also inhibit the overexpression of EGFR in NSCLC. Superoxides 26-48 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 100-104 31855568-5 2019 This study aimed to determine the potential of 5-O-benzoylpinostrobin derivatives as an inhibitor of wild type and L858R/T790M/V948R-mutant EGFR. Superoxides 47-69 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 140-144 31855568-8 2019 Results Docking results showed that all 5-O-benzoylpinostrobin derivatives showed a lower DeltaG for both wild type and L858R/T790M/V948R-mutant EGFR, with the lowest DeltaG shown by 4-methyl-5-O-benzoylpinostrobin and 4-trifluoromethyl-5-O-benzoylpinostrobin. Superoxides 40-62 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 145-149 31855568-11 2019 Conclusions These results confirm that 5-O-benzoylpinostrobin derivatives have the potential to inhibit EGFR in both wild type and L858R/T790M/V948R-mutant. Superoxides 39-61 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 104-108 31614143-7 2019 Neurotensin addition to NCI-H838 cells increased significantly reactive oxygen species which was inhibited by SR48692, Tiron (superoxide scavenger) and diphenylene iodonium (DPI inhibits the ability of NADPH oxidase and dual oxidase enzymes to produce reactive oxygen species). Superoxides 126-136 neurotensin Homo sapiens 0-11 31851612-10 2019 The toxicity parameters showed both pinostrobin and the 5-O-benzoylpinostrobin derivatives, including the class IV toxicity category with the lowest LD50 value indicated by the nitro derivative of 1500, with the possible target of the androgen receptor and prostaglandin G/H synthase 1. Superoxides 56-78 androgen receptor Homo sapiens 235-252 31851612-10 2019 The toxicity parameters showed both pinostrobin and the 5-O-benzoylpinostrobin derivatives, including the class IV toxicity category with the lowest LD50 value indicated by the nitro derivative of 1500, with the possible target of the androgen receptor and prostaglandin G/H synthase 1. Superoxides 56-78 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 257-285 31811262-4 2019 Superoxide anion generationin human neutrophils was measured by cytochrome c reduction assay. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 64-76 32038732-3 2019 Furthermore, the activity of two Nrf2-dependent antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase and catalase) in the liver of diabetic rats was studied. Superoxides 69-79 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 33-37 31520427-8 2020 Superoxide-induced oxidative stress was assessed according to dihydroethidium (DHE) relative fluorescence intensity, capacity for antioxidation according to superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and the balance between oxidation and reduction based on the redox ratio. Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 157-177 31520427-8 2020 Superoxide-induced oxidative stress was assessed according to dihydroethidium (DHE) relative fluorescence intensity, capacity for antioxidation according to superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and the balance between oxidation and reduction based on the redox ratio. Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 179-182 31811262-9 2019 Taken together, our results suggest that eugenol inhibits the generation of superoxide anion by neutrophils via the inhibition of Raf/MEK/ERK1/2/p47phox-phosphorylation pathway. Superoxides 76-86 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 7 Homo sapiens 134-137 31811262-9 2019 Taken together, our results suggest that eugenol inhibits the generation of superoxide anion by neutrophils via the inhibition of Raf/MEK/ERK1/2/p47phox-phosphorylation pathway. Superoxides 76-86 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 138-144 31867480-4 2019 The Co(II) ion in complex Co1 was coordinated by the N4O2 mode provided by two L ligands and two SCN- anions. Superoxides 53-57 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 4-10 31819034-3 2019 Through hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) which elicits various molecular events, cells are able to overcome low O2. Superoxides 114-116 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 8-34 31819034-3 2019 Through hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) which elicits various molecular events, cells are able to overcome low O2. Superoxides 114-116 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 36-41 31577132-6 2019 However, the O2 generated on the anode can oxidize Cu to Cu2O that may work as the catalyst for NO3--N reduction to NH4+-N by H2, resulting in more than 60% NH4+-N generated without a proton exchange membrane. Superoxides 13-15 NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist Homo sapiens 96-99 31637841-6 2019 The induction of mitochondrial superoxide by antimycin A (Ant A) improves MRSA eradication in casp11-/- cells, where mitochondria remain in the vicinity of the bacterium. Superoxides 31-41 caspase 4, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase Mus musculus 94-100 31639106-7 2019 Mitochondria from TGF-beta1-treated Pink1-/- BMDMs exhibited increased superoxide levels, along with reduced respiration and ATP production. Superoxides 71-81 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 18-27 31867480-5 2019 The two Co(II) ions in Co2 were in the N2O4 and NO5 coordination environment and were linked by two mu2-OAc- bridges and one rare mu3-OAc- bridge. Superoxides 39-43 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 8-14 31541678-7 2019 Furthermore, acarbose blocked the Nox4-dependent superoxide (O2.-) generation, which regulated NLRP3 inflammasome in RAECs. Superoxides 49-59 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 95-100 31494226-4 2019 Moreover, the administration of CXCR2-specific inhibitor N-(2-hydroxy-4-nitrophenyl)-N"-(2-bromophenyl)-urea (SB225002) in SHRs (at 2 months of age) for an additional 4 months significantly suppressed the elevation of blood pressure, cardiac myocyte hypertrophy, fibrosis, inflammation, and superoxide production and improved heart dysfunction in SHRs compared with vehicle-treated SHRs. Superoxides 291-301 C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 Rattus norvegicus 32-37 31871542-4 2019 We demonstrate that SH-SY5Y cells express p47phox and that the stimulation of Formyl-Peptide Receptor 1 (FPR1) by N-fMLP induces p47phox phosphorylation and NOX-dependent superoxide generation. Superoxides 171-181 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 78-103 31871542-4 2019 We demonstrate that SH-SY5Y cells express p47phox and that the stimulation of Formyl-Peptide Receptor 1 (FPR1) by N-fMLP induces p47phox phosphorylation and NOX-dependent superoxide generation. Superoxides 171-181 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 105-109 31871542-4 2019 We demonstrate that SH-SY5Y cells express p47phox and that the stimulation of Formyl-Peptide Receptor 1 (FPR1) by N-fMLP induces p47phox phosphorylation and NOX-dependent superoxide generation. Superoxides 171-181 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 116-120 31885807-6 2019 Along with a decline for mitochondrial superoxide, exogenous rHB-EGF improved the damage of oxidative stress on mtDNA copy number, ATP level, mitochondrial membrane potential, and activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I and III whose blockage by ROT and AA led to a failure of rHB-EGF in protecting stromal cell differentiation against injury. Superoxides 39-49 heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor Rattus norvegicus 61-68 31541678-7 2019 Furthermore, acarbose blocked the Nox4-dependent superoxide (O2.-) generation, which regulated NLRP3 inflammasome in RAECs. Superoxides 61-63 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 95-100 31541678-10 2019 Taken together, our data indicated that acarbose ameliorated endothelial barrier dysfunction by directly inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome which was dependent on inhibiting Nox4 oxidase-dependent O2.- production. Superoxides 192-194 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Rattus norvegicus 116-121 31385236-0 2019 Superoxide-hydrogen peroxide imbalance differentially modulates the keratinocytes cell line (HaCaT) oxidative metabolism via Keap1-Nrf2 redox signaling pathway. Superoxides 0-10 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 125-130 31870086-5 2019 Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD)1 overexpression is not beneficial in neonatal HI. Superoxides 0-22 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 34-39 31347718-5 2019 Fortunately, OS preconditioning can increase the expression of superoxide dismutase, catalase, NQO1, and heme oxygenase 1 through the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 pathway, thereby decreased the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, relieved the damage of ROS to mitochondria, DNA and cell membrane, enhanced the anti-OS ability of BMSCs, and promoted the survival of BMSCs under OS. Superoxides 63-73 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 134-177 31385236-0 2019 Superoxide-hydrogen peroxide imbalance differentially modulates the keratinocytes cell line (HaCaT) oxidative metabolism via Keap1-Nrf2 redox signaling pathway. Superoxides 0-10 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 131-135 31385236-9 2019 In this sense, we suggested that the superoxide-hydrogen peroxide imbalance differentially modulates oxidative stress on keratinocytes cell line via Keap1-Nrf2 gene expression pathway. Superoxides 37-47 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 149-154 31385236-9 2019 In this sense, we suggested that the superoxide-hydrogen peroxide imbalance differentially modulates oxidative stress on keratinocytes cell line via Keap1-Nrf2 gene expression pathway. Superoxides 37-47 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 155-159 31647942-7 2019 The close contacts existing between the RyR and the mitochondria created optimal conditions for the Ca2+ clearance, and the ensuing formation of O2-. Superoxides 145-147 ryanodine receptor 1 Homo sapiens 40-43 31720669-3 2019 In order to promote photobleaching of indigo, we have utilised a BOPHY-based (BOPHY = aryl fused symmetrical pyrrole-BF2 complex) chromophore known to form both superoxide ions and a stable alkyl hydroperoxide under illumination in aerated solution. Superoxides 161-171 forkhead box G1 Homo sapiens 117-120 31760962-3 2019 We now know SOD1 is a zinc and copper metalloenzyme that clears superoxide as part of our antioxidant defence and respiratory regulation systems. Superoxides 64-74 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 12-16 31849698-16 2019 O 2 (ml kg-1 min-1), in the supine compared with the upright bicycle test. Superoxides 0-4 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 17-22 31665197-2 2019 The rate coefficient for the reaction of NO3 radical with N2O was measured to be k2 < 5 x 10-20 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 298 K using a direct method that involves a large reaction chamber equipped with cavity ring down spectroscopic detection of NO3 and N2O5. Superoxides 58-61 NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist Homo sapiens 41-44 31665197-2 2019 The rate coefficient for the reaction of NO3 radical with N2O was measured to be k2 < 5 x 10-20 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 298 K using a direct method that involves a large reaction chamber equipped with cavity ring down spectroscopic detection of NO3 and N2O5. Superoxides 58-61 NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist Homo sapiens 246-249 31665197-2 2019 The rate coefficient for the reaction of NO3 radical with N2O was measured to be k2 < 5 x 10-20 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 298 K using a direct method that involves a large reaction chamber equipped with cavity ring down spectroscopic detection of NO3 and N2O5. Superoxides 254-258 NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist Homo sapiens 41-44 31712437-4 2019 The encoded protein, EGLN1/PHD2, is an O2 sensor that controls levels of the Hypoxia Inducible Factor-alpha (HIF-alpha), which regulates the cellular response to hypoxia. Superoxides 39-41 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 21-26 31712437-4 2019 The encoded protein, EGLN1/PHD2, is an O2 sensor that controls levels of the Hypoxia Inducible Factor-alpha (HIF-alpha), which regulates the cellular response to hypoxia. Superoxides 39-41 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 27-31 31712437-10 2019 These findings contextualize previous reports of natural selection at EGLN1 in Andeans, and support the hypothesis that natural selection has increased the frequency of an EGLN1 causal variant that enhances O2 delivery or use during exercise at altitude in Peruvian Quechua. Superoxides 207-209 egl-9 family hypoxia inducible factor 1 Homo sapiens 172-177 31717974-7 2019 Moreover, it was shown that an activation of mTOR and Pi3k signaling pathways with 1 mol% Er3+, 20 mol% Yb3+: KYP2O7 can promote the MC3T3-E1 cells expression of late osteogenic markers including RUNX and BMP-2. Superoxides 110-116 bone morphogenetic protein 2 Mus musculus 205-210 31752090-7 2019 In support of a role of the oxidative state in the control of lymphocyte activation, exposure of spleen cells to exogenous superoxide induced Cx43 expression, p38 activation and IgG production. Superoxides 123-133 gap junction protein, alpha 1 Mus musculus 142-146 31871552-12 2019 A superoxide donor xanthine+xanthine oxidase elevated caveolin-1 or Rab5c levels. Superoxides 2-12 caveolin 1 Homo sapiens 54-64 31871555-6 2019 Treatment with neutrophil elastase inhibitors, either sivelestat sodium hydrate or SERPINB1, effectively reduced lung naphthol-positive cells and BALF inflammatory cell content, increased expression of lung HO-1 and tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin, and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 289-299 elastase, neutrophil expressed Rattus norvegicus 15-34 31746021-7 2019 Furthermore, transfection with an miR-142 mimic prevented the upregulation of TLR4/NFkB expression and activation in H2 O2 -treated NRCs. Superoxides 120-122 microRNA 142 Mus musculus 34-41 31746021-7 2019 Furthermore, transfection with an miR-142 mimic prevented the upregulation of TLR4/NFkB expression and activation in H2 O2 -treated NRCs. Superoxides 120-122 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 78-82 31815149-4 2019 Superoxide generation was assessed by L-012-enhanced chemiluminescence and was increased in both M(IFN-gamma+LPS) and M(IL-4) macrophages, as compared to unpolarised macrophages (MPhi). Superoxides 0-10 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 99-108 31815149-4 2019 Superoxide generation was assessed by L-012-enhanced chemiluminescence and was increased in both M(IFN-gamma+LPS) and M(IL-4) macrophages, as compared to unpolarised macrophages (MPhi). Superoxides 0-10 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 120-124 31815149-10 2019 Conclusion: We show that superoxide generation is not only enhanced with stimuli associated with M1 macrophage activation but also with the M2 stimulus IL-4. Superoxides 25-35 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 152-156 31545415-8 2019 Further experiments suggested that the proliferation of SMSCs was obviously suppressed and apoptosis was markedly increased under severe hypoxic (0.5%) and hypoxic (5% O2) conditions following HIF-1alpha siRNA transfection. Superoxides 168-170 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 193-203 31781168-1 2019 Despite the genetic heterogeneity reported in familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) (fALS), Cu/Zn superoxide-dismutase (SOD1) gene mutations are the second most common cause of the disease, accounting for around 20% of all families (ALS1) and isolated sporadic cases (sALS). Superoxides 105-115 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 127-131 31621316-2 2019 Herein, we report a dual role catalase (EasC), unexpectedly using O2 as the oxidant, that catalyzes the oxidative cyclization of the central C ring from a 1,3-diene intermediate. Superoxides 66-68 catalase Homo sapiens 30-38 31736979-5 2019 LPS released by gram negative bacteria can enhance or prime neutrophil superoxide production in combination with other agonists such as the bacterial peptide formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP). Superoxides 71-81 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 178-182 31685804-9 2019 In the context of OTM, the hypoxic marker HIF-1alpha does not appear to be primarily stabilized by a reduced O2 supply but is rather stabilised mechanically. Superoxides 109-111 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 42-52 31682627-3 2019 TNF-alpha-induced expression of TSLP in human keratinocyte HaCaT and in mouse keratinocyte PAM212 cell lines were inhibited under hypoxic condition (1% O2), although the mRNA expressions of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and VEGF-A were not inhibited. Superoxides 152-154 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-9 32055224-8 2019 IGF-1 also significantly induced the phosphorylation of v-Akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (AKT) in the hypothalamus of chicks, but did not influence the phosphorylation of forkhead box O1, S6 protein, AMP-activated protein kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Superoxides 197-199 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 103-106 31871961-4 2019 Furthermore, As2O3 decreased the transcription factor STAT3 mRNA expression of Th17 cells but increased the transcription factor Foxp3 of Treg cells. Superoxides 13-18 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 54-59 31513817-12 2019 (5) Compared with LPS-challenged cells, DMF pretreatment caused a lower production of mitochondrial superoxide and a higher mitochondrial membrane potential, which could be abolished by Nrf2-siRNA. Superoxides 100-110 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 186-190 31681723-3 2019 P. jirovecii Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) gene could be a molecular target with high clinical relevance, but the epidemiological information about SOD genotypes distribution is scarce. Superoxides 13-23 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 35-38 31401382-0 2019 Estradiol inhibits fMLP-induced neutrophil migration and superoxide production by upregulating MKP-2 and dephosphorylating ERK. Superoxides 57-67 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 19-23 31589161-5 2019 There is a two-cross hyperconjugation in the N-C-O fragment between the lone electron pair of the N atom (lpN) and the antibonding orbital of a C-O bond (sigma*C-O) and vice versa between lpO and sigma*C-N. Superoxides 47-50 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 188-191 31589161-5 2019 There is a two-cross hyperconjugation in the N-C-O fragment between the lone electron pair of the N atom (lpN) and the antibonding orbital of a C-O bond (sigma*C-O) and vice versa between lpO and sigma*C-N. Superoxides 144-147 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 188-191 31401382-3 2019 We found that fMLP significantly induced dHL-60 cell and neutrophil migration and superoxide production, which was inhibited by ERK inhibitor PD98059. Superoxides 82-92 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 14-18 31401382-3 2019 We found that fMLP significantly induced dHL-60 cell and neutrophil migration and superoxide production, which was inhibited by ERK inhibitor PD98059. Superoxides 82-92 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 128-131 31454684-0 2019 Imbalance between nitric oxide and superoxide anion induced by uncoupled nitric oxide synthase contributes to human melanoma development. Superoxides 35-51 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 73-94 31401382-4 2019 E2 significantly inhibited fMLP-induced dHL-60 cell and neutrophil migration and superoxide production at both physiological and pharmacological concentrations. Superoxides 81-91 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 27-31 31401382-6 2019 Pretreatment of these cells with estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist ICI 182780 reversed the inhibition of fMP-induced cell migration and superoxide production, and the induction of MKP-2 expression and the suppression of fMP-induced ERK phosphorylation by E2. Superoxides 136-146 estrogen receptor 1 Homo sapiens 33-50 31401382-6 2019 Pretreatment of these cells with estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist ICI 182780 reversed the inhibition of fMP-induced cell migration and superoxide production, and the induction of MKP-2 expression and the suppression of fMP-induced ERK phosphorylation by E2. Superoxides 136-146 estrogen receptor 1 Homo sapiens 52-54 31401382-8 2019 Collectively, these results demonstrate that fMLP stimulates neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide production through activating ERK, and indicate that ER-mediated upregulation of MKP-2 may dephosphorylate ERK and contribute to the inhibitory effect of E2 on neutrophil activation by fMLP. Superoxides 87-97 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 45-49 30819616-0 2019 Mitochondrial superoxide disrupts the metabolic and epigenetic landscape of CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes. Superoxides 14-24 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 76-79 31562365-0 2019 NADPH oxidase is the major source of placental superoxide in early pregnancy: association with MAPK pathway activation. Superoxides 47-57 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 95-99 31562365-9 2019 Increased superoxide production at 7-9 GW is associated with p38 MAPK pathway activation, suggesting that it is involved in physiological placental function and healthy early development of the placenta, through MAPK pathways. Superoxides 10-20 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 61-64 31562365-9 2019 Increased superoxide production at 7-9 GW is associated with p38 MAPK pathway activation, suggesting that it is involved in physiological placental function and healthy early development of the placenta, through MAPK pathways. Superoxides 10-20 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 65-69 31562365-9 2019 Increased superoxide production at 7-9 GW is associated with p38 MAPK pathway activation, suggesting that it is involved in physiological placental function and healthy early development of the placenta, through MAPK pathways. Superoxides 10-20 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 212-216 31616837-0 2019 High Performance of PIM-1/ZIF-8 Composite Membranes for O2/N2 Separation. Superoxides 56-58 Pim-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase Homo sapiens 20-25 31616837-5 2019 The pure-gas permeation results confirmed that growth of ZIF-8 on the PIM-1 membrane can enhance the performance of O2/N2 separation. Superoxides 116-118 Pim-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase Homo sapiens 70-75 31616837-6 2019 Particularly, the O2/N2 separation performance of the PIM-1/ZIF-8-7 composite membrane exceeds the Robeson upper bound line. Superoxides 18-20 Pim-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase Homo sapiens 54-59 31550857-0 2019 [PDCD4 enhances the inhibitory effect of As(2)O(3) on the growth and NF-kappaB signaling pathway in neuroblastoma cells]. Superoxides 41-50 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 69-78 31550857-13 2019 Furthermore, the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 in the control group, PDCD4 group, As(2)O(3) group and As(2)O(3)+ PDCD4 group were 0.21+-0.03, 0.30+-0.02, 0.43+-0.05 and 0.57+-0.06, respectively. Superoxides 91-100 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 46-55 31550857-13 2019 Furthermore, the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 in the control group, PDCD4 group, As(2)O(3) group and As(2)O(3)+ PDCD4 group were 0.21+-0.03, 0.30+-0.02, 0.43+-0.05 and 0.57+-0.06, respectively. Superoxides 111-121 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 46-55 31550857-17 2019 Conclusion: PDCD4 enhances the inhibitory effect of As(2)O(3) on the growth and NF-kappaB signaling pathway in neuroblastoma cells. Superoxides 52-61 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 80-89 31533349-4 2019 NQO1 reduced ArN O at low rates with concomitant superoxide production. Superoxides 49-59 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 31347256-3 2019 In the human body, HOCl is produced by the myeloperoxidase enzyme from superoxide in very low concentrations (20 to 400 mum); this species is secreted by neutrophils and monocytes to help fight pathogens. Superoxides 71-81 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 43-58 31511067-0 2019 The adipokine vaspin reduces apoptosis in human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep-3B) cells, associated with lower levels of NO and superoxide anion. Superoxides 128-144 serpin family A member 12 Homo sapiens 14-20 31511067-10 2019 A decreased level of nitric oxide and superoxide anion 24 h after vaspin addition at 5 ng/ml was correlated with restricted, to the physiological level, apoptosis. Superoxides 38-54 serpin family A member 12 Homo sapiens 66-72 31511067-12 2019 CONCLUSIONS: Apoptosis was suppressed after vaspin treatment, together with low levels of nitric oxide and superoxide anions. Superoxides 107-124 serpin family A member 12 Homo sapiens 44-50 31506286-5 2019 Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) is a mitochondrial-specific antioxidant enzyme that dismutates superoxide to hydrogen peroxide, which is then converted to water by catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Superoxides 93-103 catalase Homo sapiens 162-170 31405463-6 2019 After thawing, there was a reduction (P < 0.05) in the percentage and fluorescence intensity of sperm with greater quantities of superoxide and peroxide only in samples treated with GSH + IGF-I and GSH + anti-IGF-I. Superoxides 130-140 insulin like growth factor 1 Homo sapiens 189-194 31229571-7 2019 Cellular levels of superoxide and peroxides increased at 40 C and 42 C. Heat shock (42 C)-induced increases in Prx3 and Prx-SO3 were inhibited by antioxidants (PEG-catalase, MnTBAP) and a Nrf2 shRNA. Superoxides 19-29 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 191-195 31602952-0 2019 [Shenxiong Glucose Injection inhibits H_2O_2-induced apoptosis of H9c2 cells by activating PI3K/AKT pathway]. Superoxides 40-42 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 96-99 31175066-4 2019 Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is an AngII-activated intra-neuronal signaling protein, which has been suggested to be redox sensitive as overexpressing the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase attenuates AngII-induced activation of CaMKII. Superoxides 200-210 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 62-67 31175066-4 2019 Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is an AngII-activated intra-neuronal signaling protein, which has been suggested to be redox sensitive as overexpressing the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase attenuates AngII-induced activation of CaMKII. Superoxides 200-210 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 232-237 31389735-7 2019 In the presence of COMP, BMPR2 siRNA treated BPA showed increases in superoxide detected by MitoSOX and depletion of SOD2. Superoxides 69-79 bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 Bos taurus 25-30 31326693-1 2019 Superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) is an extracellular enzyme with the capacity to modulate extracellular redox conditions by catalyzing the dismutation of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 151-161 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 0-22 31326693-1 2019 Superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) is an extracellular enzyme with the capacity to modulate extracellular redox conditions by catalyzing the dismutation of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 151-161 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 24-28 31467276-7 2019 We show that mCa2+ overload contributes to AD progression by promoting superoxide generation, metabolic dysfunction and neuronal cell death. Superoxides 71-81 carbonic anhydrase 2 Mus musculus 13-17 31602952-17 2019 The protective effect of Shenxiong Glucose Injection on H_2O_2 cells injury was significantly inhibited by LY294002,a PI3 K/AKT pathway inhibitor. Superoxides 58-60 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 124-127 31602952-18 2019 The results suggested that Shenxiong Glucose Injection may inhibit H_2O_2-induced H9 c2 cells apoptosis by regulating PI3 K/AKT signaling pathway. Superoxides 69-71 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 124-127 31466304-9 2019 The enhancement of SNA caused by Ang II can be significantly attenuated by the pretreatment of AT1R antagonist lorsatan, superoxide scavenger Tempol and NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin (Apo) in OH rats. Superoxides 121-131 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 33-39 31470261-2 2019 Mice lacking the superoxide scavenger CuZnSOD (Sod1-/-) exhibit high levels of oxygen-derived radicals and oxidative damage, associated with neuronal and muscular phenotypes consistent with sarcopenia. Superoxides 17-27 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 38-45 31470261-2 2019 Mice lacking the superoxide scavenger CuZnSOD (Sod1-/-) exhibit high levels of oxygen-derived radicals and oxidative damage, associated with neuronal and muscular phenotypes consistent with sarcopenia. Superoxides 17-27 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 47-51 31153640-7 2019 Importantly, SIRT3 activity was enhanced by NOS1, which contributes to the low level of mitochondrial superoxide and apoptosis resistance. Superoxides 102-112 sirtuin 3 Homo sapiens 13-18 31319025-2 2019 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) protects cells from superoxide-triggered apoptosis by converting superoxide to oxygen and peroxide. Superoxides 47-57 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 31319025-2 2019 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) protects cells from superoxide-triggered apoptosis by converting superoxide to oxygen and peroxide. Superoxides 47-57 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 31686890-2 2019 Several of these compounds are capable of influencing the activation of intracellular signaling pathways, such as NF-kB, MAPK and JAK-STAT, responsible for the production of various inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1beta) and 12 (IL-12), enzymes involved in the production of reactive species such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and superoxide dehydrogenase (SOD), as well as enzymes involved in the production of eicosanoids, such as cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LO). Superoxides 409-419 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 213-240 31686890-2 2019 Several of these compounds are capable of influencing the activation of intracellular signaling pathways, such as NF-kB, MAPK and JAK-STAT, responsible for the production of various inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1beta) and 12 (IL-12), enzymes involved in the production of reactive species such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and superoxide dehydrogenase (SOD), as well as enzymes involved in the production of eicosanoids, such as cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LO). Superoxides 409-419 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 242-251 30569733-6 2019 Higher baseline SA was linked to higher inflammatory response assessed by higher C-reactive protein values at day 1 and day 3. Superoxides 16-18 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 81-99 31319025-2 2019 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) protects cells from superoxide-triggered apoptosis by converting superoxide to oxygen and peroxide. Superoxides 92-102 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 31319025-2 2019 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) protects cells from superoxide-triggered apoptosis by converting superoxide to oxygen and peroxide. Superoxides 92-102 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 31319025-5 2019 Malonic acid-decorated fullerene (MA-C60) was used as a superoxide disproportionation chemocatalyst mimicking the function of SOD. Superoxides 56-66 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 126-129 31346243-1 2019 The Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is a ubiquitous enzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radicals to oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 32-36 31022331-11 2019 The rats treated with d-GalN showed brain damage; increased myeloperoxidase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and superoxide dismutase activities; and decreased glutathione levels. Superoxides 165-175 galanin and GMAP prepropeptide Rattus norvegicus 24-28 31701714-11 2019 In addition, 12% O2 for 12 h could promote the Nrf2 antioxidant system, and 5% extremely low oxygen may inhibit it. Superoxides 17-19 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 47-51 31391086-7 2019 Moreover, the enhancement of AAR caused by TNFalpha can be significantly strengthened by the pretreatment of diethyldithiocarbamate (DETC), a superoxide dismutase inhibitor, but attenuated by TNF-alpha receptor antagonist R-7050, superoxide scavenger PEG-SOD and NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin (Apo) in rats with OH. Superoxides 142-152 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 43-51 31090437-6 2019 Bleomycin stimulated mitochondrial (mt) superoxide production, mtDNA damage, and apoptosis in Beas2B cells, which was attenuated by the catalytically inactive mutants of PLD or PLD2 siRNA. Superoxides 40-50 glycosylphosphatidylinositol specific phospholipase D1 Homo sapiens 170-173 31071452-6 2019 Cell lines transfected with RAC2 [N92 T] displayed characteristics of active GTP-bound RAC2 including enhanced NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide production both at rest and in response to PMA. Superoxides 133-143 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 28-32 31259544-3 2019 CFR simultaneously detects superoxide anion (O2 -) and caspase-3 (casp3) through respective activation of its independent chemiluminescence and near-infrared fluorescence channels. Superoxides 27-43 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 66-71 31336753-4 2019 For example, an acute oxidative stress via mitochondrial superoxide production stimulates the activation of endogenous antioxidant gene transcription regulated by the redox sensitive transcription factor Nrf2, resulting in an adaptive hormetic response. Superoxides 57-67 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 204-208 31062473-5 2019 Furthermore, we proved that knockdown of TFAM enhanced the interaction between p53 and MDM2, resulting in decreased expression of p53 and the downstream target TIGAR, and thus leading to elevated level of mitochondrial superoxide and DNA double-strand break (DSB) which were exacerbated when treated the cell with ionizing radiation. Superoxides 219-229 transcription factor A, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 41-45 31062473-5 2019 Furthermore, we proved that knockdown of TFAM enhanced the interaction between p53 and MDM2, resulting in decreased expression of p53 and the downstream target TIGAR, and thus leading to elevated level of mitochondrial superoxide and DNA double-strand break (DSB) which were exacerbated when treated the cell with ionizing radiation. Superoxides 219-229 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 79-82 30238472-5 2019 The results suggest that the inverse regulation of ZmUPB1 and ZmPRX112 transcription observed in cells of the TZ in response to nitrogen depletion or NO3 - supply affects the balance between superoxide (O2 - ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) in the root apex and consequently triggers differential root growth. Superoxides 191-201 beta alanine synthase 1 Zea mays 51-57 30238472-5 2019 The results suggest that the inverse regulation of ZmUPB1 and ZmPRX112 transcription observed in cells of the TZ in response to nitrogen depletion or NO3 - supply affects the balance between superoxide (O2 - ) and hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) in the root apex and consequently triggers differential root growth. Superoxides 203-205 beta alanine synthase 1 Zea mays 51-57 31216990-10 2019 Besides, both SAA1 siRNA and NOX-4 siRNA could not only enhance the O2- production and NADPH oxidase activity, but also up-regulate the protein expression of NOX4, the release of inflammatory factors, and the levels of p-p38 and p-NF-kappaB p65 in LPS-induced VSMCs. Superoxides 68-70 serum amyloid A1 Homo sapiens 14-18 31084929-7 2019 Furthermore, we found that superoxide anion levels were significantly increased in AngII-treated endothelial cells compared with controls and that the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) significantly abolished CSE ubiquitination. Superoxides 27-43 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 83-88 31258517-4 2019 After host cell invasion, mycobacteria induces the expression of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) to generate superoxide radicals ( O 2 - ), which are then converted to more toxic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and subsequently reduced to water by catalase. Superoxides 100-110 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 201-221 31701714-9 2019 Compared with 21% O2 group, the expressions of Nrf2 mRNA and protein, antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, CAT, HO-1, NQO-1, GPX-1 mRNA were increased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and ROS level was lower (P<0.01) in 12%O2 group cells; only the expression of GPX-1 mRNA was increased (P<0.05) in 8%O2 group; the expressions of Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression, antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, NQO-1, GPX-1 mRNA were decreased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and ROS level was higher (P<0.01) in 5%O2 group. Superoxides 18-20 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 47-51 31701714-9 2019 Compared with 21% O2 group, the expressions of Nrf2 mRNA and protein, antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, CAT, HO-1, NQO-1, GPX-1 mRNA were increased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and ROS level was lower (P<0.01) in 12%O2 group cells; only the expression of GPX-1 mRNA was increased (P<0.05) in 8%O2 group; the expressions of Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression, antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, NQO-1, GPX-1 mRNA were decreased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and ROS level was higher (P<0.01) in 5%O2 group. Superoxides 18-20 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 90-94 31701714-9 2019 Compared with 21% O2 group, the expressions of Nrf2 mRNA and protein, antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, CAT, HO-1, NQO-1, GPX-1 mRNA were increased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and ROS level was lower (P<0.01) in 12%O2 group cells; only the expression of GPX-1 mRNA was increased (P<0.05) in 8%O2 group; the expressions of Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression, antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, NQO-1, GPX-1 mRNA were decreased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and ROS level was higher (P<0.01) in 5%O2 group. Superoxides 18-20 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 96-100 31701714-9 2019 Compared with 21% O2 group, the expressions of Nrf2 mRNA and protein, antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, CAT, HO-1, NQO-1, GPX-1 mRNA were increased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and ROS level was lower (P<0.01) in 12%O2 group cells; only the expression of GPX-1 mRNA was increased (P<0.05) in 8%O2 group; the expressions of Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression, antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, NQO-1, GPX-1 mRNA were decreased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and ROS level was higher (P<0.01) in 5%O2 group. Superoxides 18-20 catalase Mus musculus 102-105 31701714-9 2019 Compared with 21% O2 group, the expressions of Nrf2 mRNA and protein, antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, CAT, HO-1, NQO-1, GPX-1 mRNA were increased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and ROS level was lower (P<0.01) in 12%O2 group cells; only the expression of GPX-1 mRNA was increased (P<0.05) in 8%O2 group; the expressions of Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression, antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, NQO-1, GPX-1 mRNA were decreased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and ROS level was higher (P<0.01) in 5%O2 group. Superoxides 18-20 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 107-111 31701714-9 2019 Compared with 21% O2 group, the expressions of Nrf2 mRNA and protein, antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, CAT, HO-1, NQO-1, GPX-1 mRNA were increased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and ROS level was lower (P<0.01) in 12%O2 group cells; only the expression of GPX-1 mRNA was increased (P<0.05) in 8%O2 group; the expressions of Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression, antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, NQO-1, GPX-1 mRNA were decreased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and ROS level was higher (P<0.01) in 5%O2 group. Superoxides 18-20 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 338-342 31701714-9 2019 Compared with 21% O2 group, the expressions of Nrf2 mRNA and protein, antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, CAT, HO-1, NQO-1, GPX-1 mRNA were increased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and ROS level was lower (P<0.01) in 12%O2 group cells; only the expression of GPX-1 mRNA was increased (P<0.05) in 8%O2 group; the expressions of Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression, antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, NQO-1, GPX-1 mRNA were decreased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and ROS level was higher (P<0.01) in 5%O2 group. Superoxides 18-20 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 392-396 31701714-9 2019 Compared with 21% O2 group, the expressions of Nrf2 mRNA and protein, antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, CAT, HO-1, NQO-1, GPX-1 mRNA were increased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and ROS level was lower (P<0.01) in 12%O2 group cells; only the expression of GPX-1 mRNA was increased (P<0.05) in 8%O2 group; the expressions of Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression, antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, NQO-1, GPX-1 mRNA were decreased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and ROS level was higher (P<0.01) in 5%O2 group. Superoxides 18-20 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 398-402 31701714-9 2019 Compared with 21% O2 group, the expressions of Nrf2 mRNA and protein, antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, CAT, HO-1, NQO-1, GPX-1 mRNA were increased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and ROS level was lower (P<0.01) in 12%O2 group cells; only the expression of GPX-1 mRNA was increased (P<0.05) in 8%O2 group; the expressions of Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression, antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, NQO-1, GPX-1 mRNA were decreased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and ROS level was higher (P<0.01) in 5%O2 group. Superoxides 228-230 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 47-51 31701714-9 2019 Compared with 21% O2 group, the expressions of Nrf2 mRNA and protein, antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, CAT, HO-1, NQO-1, GPX-1 mRNA were increased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and ROS level was lower (P<0.01) in 12%O2 group cells; only the expression of GPX-1 mRNA was increased (P<0.05) in 8%O2 group; the expressions of Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression, antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, NQO-1, GPX-1 mRNA were decreased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and ROS level was higher (P<0.01) in 5%O2 group. Superoxides 228-230 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 47-51 31701714-9 2019 Compared with 21% O2 group, the expressions of Nrf2 mRNA and protein, antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, CAT, HO-1, NQO-1, GPX-1 mRNA were increased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and ROS level was lower (P<0.01) in 12%O2 group cells; only the expression of GPX-1 mRNA was increased (P<0.05) in 8%O2 group; the expressions of Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression, antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, NQO-1, GPX-1 mRNA were decreased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and ROS level was higher (P<0.01) in 5%O2 group. Superoxides 228-230 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 47-51 31258517-4 2019 After host cell invasion, mycobacteria induces the expression of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) to generate superoxide radicals ( O 2 - ), which are then converted to more toxic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and subsequently reduced to water by catalase. Superoxides 100-110 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 223-226 30808243-1 2019 A nonactivating allosteric modulator of free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2R, also called GPCR 43) turns both propionate (an orthosteric FFA2R agonist) and ATP (an agonist for the purinergic P2Y2 receptor), into potent activating ligands that trigger an assembly of the superoxide-generating neutrophil NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 267-277 free fatty acid receptor 2 Homo sapiens 45-66 30974160-4 2019 The BTZ treatment significantly increased superoxide production and cell death in the testes of SOD1-KO mice compared to wild-type (WT) mice. Superoxides 42-52 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 96-100 31261892-10 2019 Our results show that treatment of mouse pre-adipocytes with AngII increased lipid accumulation, superoxide levels, inflammatory cytokine levels, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha), and adiponectin levels. Superoxides 97-107 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 61-66 31588260-7 2019 Currently, the most effective approaches to reverse the radioresistance of hypoxic tumors are to introduce nanomaterials with O2-elevating ability by delivering exogenous O2, generating O2 in situ, increasing intratumoral blood flow, or reducing HIF-1 expression to harness the O2 level in solid tumors. Superoxides 126-128 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 246-251 31854673-7 2019 A total of 32.6% of OP within the effluent was removed through bioadsorption reactions with activated coke, while the removal of OP was up to 79.1% when 30 mg L-1 of O3 was applied, which suggested that advanced oxidation was more beneficial for the enhancement of OP removal. Superoxides 166-168 L1 cell adhesion molecule Homo sapiens 159-162 30808243-1 2019 A nonactivating allosteric modulator of free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2R, also called GPCR 43) turns both propionate (an orthosteric FFA2R agonist) and ATP (an agonist for the purinergic P2Y2 receptor), into potent activating ligands that trigger an assembly of the superoxide-generating neutrophil NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 267-277 free fatty acid receptor 2 Homo sapiens 68-73 30808243-1 2019 A nonactivating allosteric modulator of free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2R, also called GPCR 43) turns both propionate (an orthosteric FFA2R agonist) and ATP (an agonist for the purinergic P2Y2 receptor), into potent activating ligands that trigger an assembly of the superoxide-generating neutrophil NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 267-277 free fatty acid receptor 2 Homo sapiens 134-139 30911842-0 2019 Correction to: Selenite-mediated production of superoxide radical anions in A549 cancer cells is accompanied by a selective increase in SOD1 concentration, enhanced apoptosis and Se-Cu bonding. Superoxides 47-72 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 136-140 30925081-2 2019 TNFalpha activates NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide (O2 -), production extracellularly is required for subsequent signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Superoxides 87-97 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-8 31003152-7 2019 RESULTS: Compared to the control group, liver cells from apoE-KO presented some typical redox imbalance features: higher levels of intracellular ROS (global oxidative stress ~60%, superoxide anion ~82%, and peroxynitrite/hydroxyl radical ~53%), higher amounts of apoptotic cells (up to ~19%) and higher mitochondrial intensity of catalase (+339%) and transferrin spots (+914%). Superoxides 180-196 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 57-61 31052583-8 2019 NM-200 induced production of IL-8, a potent attractor and activator of neutrophils, growth factors (VEGF and IGF-1) and superoxide. Superoxides 120-130 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 Homo sapiens 29-33 31015037-9 2019 In conclusion, sequential activation of LOX-1, JNK, and L-arginine consuming enzyme arginase-I in diabetes elicits superoxide-dependent oxidative stress and impairs endothelial NO-mediated dilation in coronary arterioles. Superoxides 115-125 arginase 1 Sus scrofa 84-94 30761998-1 2019 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) is a multisubunit enzyme complex that utilizes nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate to produce superoxide anions and other reactive oxygen species. Superoxides 160-177 dual oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 0-51 31128707-6 2019 Salt treatment resulted in the highest O2- increase in the Atgstf8 root, while the amount of H2O2 elevated most in the case of Atgstu19. Superoxides 39-41 glutathione S-transferase phi 8 Arabidopsis thaliana 59-66 30723080-1 2019 Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (RAC2), through interactions with reduced NAD phosphate oxidase component p67 phox , activates neutrophil superoxide production, whereas interactions with p21-activated kinase are necessary for fMLF-induced actin remodeling. Superoxides 149-159 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 0-42 30723080-1 2019 Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (RAC2), through interactions with reduced NAD phosphate oxidase component p67 phox , activates neutrophil superoxide production, whereas interactions with p21-activated kinase are necessary for fMLF-induced actin remodeling. Superoxides 149-159 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 44-48 30723080-3 2019 Neutrophils from RAC2[E62K] patients exhibited excessive superoxide production, impaired fMLF-directed chemotaxis, and abnormal macropinocytosis. Superoxides 57-67 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 17-21 30723080-4 2019 Cell lines transfected with RAC2[E62K] displayed characteristics of active guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound RAC2 including enhanced superoxide production and increased membrane ruffling. Superoxides 134-144 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 28-32 30723080-4 2019 Cell lines transfected with RAC2[E62K] displayed characteristics of active guanosine triphosphate (GTP)-bound RAC2 including enhanced superoxide production and increased membrane ruffling. Superoxides 134-144 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 110-114 30790656-2 2019 ROS are chemically and functionally similar to reactive sulfur species (RSS) and both ROS and RSS have been shown to be metabolized by the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase. Superoxides 160-170 catalase Homo sapiens 185-193 30848893-6 2019 The biological functional assessments revealed that the modifications inhibited the activity of TPIS and induced the activity of ENOA, in vitro and in vivo, followed by an increase in the level of cellular methylglyoxal, advanced glycation end products, and reactive oxygen species/superoxide, and the induction of mitochondrial dysfunction, which further inhibited oxidative phosphorylation and stimulated glycolysis. Superoxides 282-292 triosephosphate isomerase 1 Homo sapiens 96-100 31114507-4 2019 Furthermore, central TNF-alpha inhibition reduced sympathetic modulation and blunted the increased superoxide accumulation in the RVLM of 2K1C rats. Superoxides 99-109 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 21-30 31021818-6 2019 In vitro siRNA silencing of Wipi1 in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes limited non-canonical autophagy and blunted aldosterone-induced mitochondrial superoxide levels. Superoxides 149-159 WD repeat domain, phosphoinositide interacting 1 Rattus norvegicus 28-33 30051353-9 2019 Mechanistic studies revealed that increase in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-2 (NOX2)-dependent superoxide/reactive oxygen species (ROS) production plays a key role in both LPS- and DSP-4-elicited neurotoxicity. Superoxides 125-135 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 202-205 30935113-8 2019 Unexpectedly, however, elevated ACSL-5 expression increased mitochondrial superoxide production (+30%), which was associated with a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in insulin-stimulated p-Akt and p-AS160 protein levels. Superoxides 74-84 insulin Homo sapiens 171-178 30914692-2 2019 High glucose levels and angiotensin II (Ang II) are known to stimulate superoxide production in renal mesangial cells. Superoxides 71-81 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 24-38 30914692-2 2019 High glucose levels and angiotensin II (Ang II) are known to stimulate superoxide production in renal mesangial cells. Superoxides 71-81 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 40-46 30849122-9 2019 Citrulline injected ip on day 4 PI with quinine-injected ip on day 6 PI partially protected mice from eCM; citrulline plus scavenging of superoxide with pegylated superoxide dismutase and pegylated catalase protected all recipients from eCM. Superoxides 137-147 catalase Mus musculus 198-206 30604589-5 2019 The direct coupling of two adjacent oxo ligands bound to Ru and Mn leads to the production of a superoxide intermediate Int1. Superoxides 96-106 Wnt family member 1 Homo sapiens 120-124 30608177-8 2019 Cigarette smoke and angiotensin II impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation and induced superoxide overproduction, which was diminished in mCAT mice. Superoxides 89-99 catalase Mus musculus 140-144 30604589-7 2019 Subsequent O2 release from Int1 turns out to be quite facile. Superoxides 11-13 Wnt family member 1 Homo sapiens 27-31 31245767-9 2019 However, the introduction of the msl1 lesion into the msl2 msl3 mutant background suppressed other msl2 msl3 mutant phenotypes, including ectopic callus formation, accumulation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in the shoot apical meristem, decreased root length, and reduced number of lateral roots. Superoxides 180-190 MSCS-like 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 54-63 31245767-9 2019 However, the introduction of the msl1 lesion into the msl2 msl3 mutant background suppressed other msl2 msl3 mutant phenotypes, including ectopic callus formation, accumulation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in the shoot apical meristem, decreased root length, and reduced number of lateral roots. Superoxides 180-190 MSCS-like 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 54-58 30277804-10 2019 Lack of NOS2 induction prevented superoxide scavenging and decreased reactive oxidant formation. Superoxides 33-43 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 8-12 30521379-5 2019 The results showed that TGF-beta1 stimulation induced EndMT and elevated endothelial NO and O2 - production as well as nitration of the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase (PP)2A. Superoxides 92-94 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 24-33 30557564-8 2019 Since manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is the main mechanism to detoxify mitochondrial superoxide radicals, the cause and effect relationship between improved respiration and decreased oxidative stress was examined after knocking down MnSOD. Superoxides 16-26 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 38-43 30557564-8 2019 Since manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is the main mechanism to detoxify mitochondrial superoxide radicals, the cause and effect relationship between improved respiration and decreased oxidative stress was examined after knocking down MnSOD. Superoxides 16-26 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 241-246 30557564-9 2019 Downregulating MnSOD in diabetic WT neurons increased hyperglycemia-induced superoxide levels, which was still significantly decreased by KU-596. Superoxides 76-86 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 15-20 30823595-6 2019 The potential antioxidant properties of B12 include: (1) direct scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly superoxide; (2) indirect stimulation of ROS scavenging by preservation of glutathione; (3) modulation of cytokine and growth factor production to offer protection from immune response-induced oxidative stress; (4) reduction of homocysteine-induced oxidative stress; and (5) reduction of oxidative stress caused by advanced glycation end products. Superoxides 122-132 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit B3 Homo sapiens 40-43 30738311-2 2019 Recent evidence indicates that S-glutathionylation may occur on the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), leading to eNOS uncoupling, characterized by a decreased NO production and an increased generation of superoxide anion (O2 -). Superoxides 212-228 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 68-101 30738311-2 2019 Recent evidence indicates that S-glutathionylation may occur on the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), leading to eNOS uncoupling, characterized by a decreased NO production and an increased generation of superoxide anion (O2 -). Superoxides 212-228 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 103-107 30738311-2 2019 Recent evidence indicates that S-glutathionylation may occur on the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), leading to eNOS uncoupling, characterized by a decreased NO production and an increased generation of superoxide anion (O2 -). Superoxides 212-228 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 121-125 30738311-2 2019 Recent evidence indicates that S-glutathionylation may occur on the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), leading to eNOS uncoupling, characterized by a decreased NO production and an increased generation of superoxide anion (O2 -). Superoxides 230-232 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 68-101 30738311-2 2019 Recent evidence indicates that S-glutathionylation may occur on the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), leading to eNOS uncoupling, characterized by a decreased NO production and an increased generation of superoxide anion (O2 -). Superoxides 230-232 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 103-107 30738311-2 2019 Recent evidence indicates that S-glutathionylation may occur on the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), leading to eNOS uncoupling, characterized by a decreased NO production and an increased generation of superoxide anion (O2 -). Superoxides 230-232 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 121-125 30508577-5 2019 In adults, this increased generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) activate redox-sensitive transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB), activator protein-1 (AP1) and heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), resulting in increases in cytoprotective proteins such as the superoxide dismutases, catalase and heat shock proteins that prevent oxidative damage to tissues and facilitate remodelling and proteostasis in both an intra- and inter-cellular manner. Superoxides 293-303 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 139-160 30915150-7 2019 TLR-2 blocking peptide was used to confirm that pardaxin attenuated phagocytotic ability and superoxide anion production in leukemic cells via activating MyD88 protein. Superoxides 93-109 toll like receptor 2 Homo sapiens 0-5 30508577-5 2019 In adults, this increased generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) activate redox-sensitive transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB), activator protein-1 (AP1) and heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), resulting in increases in cytoprotective proteins such as the superoxide dismutases, catalase and heat shock proteins that prevent oxidative damage to tissues and facilitate remodelling and proteostasis in both an intra- and inter-cellular manner. Superoxides 293-303 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 162-170 30508577-5 2019 In adults, this increased generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) activate redox-sensitive transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB), activator protein-1 (AP1) and heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), resulting in increases in cytoprotective proteins such as the superoxide dismutases, catalase and heat shock proteins that prevent oxidative damage to tissues and facilitate remodelling and proteostasis in both an intra- and inter-cellular manner. Superoxides 293-303 JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 173-192 30508577-5 2019 In adults, this increased generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) activate redox-sensitive transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB), activator protein-1 (AP1) and heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), resulting in increases in cytoprotective proteins such as the superoxide dismutases, catalase and heat shock proteins that prevent oxidative damage to tissues and facilitate remodelling and proteostasis in both an intra- and inter-cellular manner. Superoxides 293-303 JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 194-197 30769841-8 2019 By contrast, the contents of malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion of StDREB2-overexpressing transgenic plants were significantly lower than that of the wild type plants. Superoxides 68-84 ethylene-responsive transcription factor ERF010-like Solanum tuberosum 88-95 30654942-10 2019 Elevated superoxide anions were observed when SOD3 was knocked down. Superoxides 9-26 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 46-50 30677425-7 2019 We further found that ASM downregulation blocked the Nox2-dependent superoxide (O2-) generation, which regulated vascular remodeling in AFs under Ang II. Superoxides 68-78 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 146-152 30677425-7 2019 We further found that ASM downregulation blocked the Nox2-dependent superoxide (O2-) generation, which regulated vascular remodeling in AFs under Ang II. Superoxides 80-82 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 146-152 30804795-5 2019 In addition, RBC exposed to O2 - were conditioned with specific shear stresses, prior to evaluation of cellular deformability and activation of PI3K/Akt kinase and RBC-NOS. Superoxides 28-30 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 149-152 30804795-6 2019 Intracellular generation of O2 - decreased phosphorylation of RBC-NOS at its primary activation site (Ser1177) (p < 0.001), while phosphorylation of Akt kinase at its active residue (Ser473) was also diminished (p < 0.001). Superoxides 28-30 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 152-155 30804795-10 2019 Impaired RBC deformability induced by intracellular O2 - may be due, in part, to impaired activation of PI3K/Akt, and downstream signaling with RBC-NOS. Superoxides 52-54 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 109-112 30460537-2 2019 Though superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) overexpression may protect against ROS damage to the autonomic nervous system, superoxide radical reduction may change normal physiological functions. Superoxides 7-17 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 31-35 29334762-7 2019 Whereas PE serum, ox-LDL, progesterone, or soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) elevated superoxide levels via elevating NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) and NOX4 levels and reducing superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1 levels, thereby downregulating KCas. Superoxides 96-106 fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 51-77 29334762-7 2019 Whereas PE serum, ox-LDL, progesterone, or soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) elevated superoxide levels via elevating NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) and NOX4 levels and reducing superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1 levels, thereby downregulating KCas. Superoxides 96-106 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 180-208 30502348-7 2019 Trf2 deletion also led to a pro-oxidative arterial phenotype characterized by increased in NADPH oxidase gene expression; a 210% increase in superoxide levels that was partly dependent on NADPH oxidase activity; and an oxidative stress mediated reduction in carotid artery vasodilation (all P <= .05). Superoxides 141-151 telomeric repeat binding factor 2 Mus musculus 0-4 30401703-8 2019 Together, these data identify leukemia-generated NOX2-derived superoxide as a driver of protumoral p16INK4a-dependent senescence in BM stromal cells. Superoxides 62-72 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A Mus musculus 99-107 30406221-3 2019 In order to monitor O2 - level fluctuations in living cells, we synthesized two reaction-type probes of TPA-DHP-1,2,3 and TPA-PPA-1,2,3, which were composed of an electron-rich triphenylamine (TPA) and the very active functional groups of dihydropyridine (DHP) and pyridinium (PPA). Superoxides 20-22 inorganic pyrophosphatase 1 Homo sapiens 126-135 31298161-7 2019 NRF-2 mediated antioxidant mechanism always suppresses the formation of superoxide (O2-) as well as other reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxides 72-82 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-5 30678135-6 2019 Ang II stimulation increased the expression of Ang II receptor 1 (AT1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) mRNA, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity and the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion ( O2-) and reduced anti-oxidant enzyme activity. Superoxides 319-335 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-6 30678135-6 2019 Ang II stimulation increased the expression of Ang II receptor 1 (AT1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) mRNA, and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity and the levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion ( O2-) and reduced anti-oxidant enzyme activity. Superoxides 311-313 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-6 30342014-2 2019 The effect of NDS27, its excipients (hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin and lysine), curcumin lysinate and curcumin were compared on the release of superoxide anion by PMNs using a chemiluminescence assay and on the enzymatic activity of MPO. Superoxides 145-161 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 235-238 30790510-9 2019 To detoxify excess superoxide as a consequence of lowered Nos2, an overexpressed SOD2 in Stat5b silenced cells results in increased H2O2 production. Superoxides 19-29 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 58-62 30790510-9 2019 To detoxify excess superoxide as a consequence of lowered Nos2, an overexpressed SOD2 in Stat5b silenced cells results in increased H2O2 production. Superoxides 19-29 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 81-85 30318012-7 2019 NADPH oxidase includes five NOX and two dual oxidases (DUOX1 and DUOX2) subfamilies that through the production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, play key roles in oxidative stress and several signaling pathways involved in early and late effects of ionizing radiation. Superoxides 115-125 dual oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 65-70 31298161-7 2019 NRF-2 mediated antioxidant mechanism always suppresses the formation of superoxide (O2-) as well as other reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxides 84-86 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-5 29792152-3 2019 RESULTS: AR contributes in diabetes by generating excess intracellular superoxide and other mediators of oxidative stress through polyol pathway. Superoxides 71-81 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B Homo sapiens 9-11 30290302-5 2019 Catalase as well as the antioxidants N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and glutathione (GSH) partially inhibited the cytotoxic effect of DDC + HOCbl, whereas ascorbate, pyruvate, and tiron, a scavenger of superoxide anion, had no cytoprotective effect. Superoxides 194-210 catalase Homo sapiens 0-8 31619606-6 2019 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase produces superoxide which mediates the anticancer activity of TS. Superoxides 69-79 dual oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 0-59 29206074-4 2019 In particular, the flow cytometry assay that we describe here allowed us to confirm that thrombin, collagen-related peptide (CRP) and arachidonic acid but not adenosine diphosphate (ADP) stimulate superoxide anion formation in a concentration-dependent manner. Superoxides 197-213 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 89-97 29206074-5 2019 0.1unit/ml thrombin, 3 mug/ml CRP and 30 muM arachidonic acid are commonly used to stimulate platelets in vitro and here were shown to stimulate a significant increase in superoxide anion formation. Superoxides 171-187 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 11-19 30311259-8 2019 Interestingly, we also observed reduced expression of iron regulatory protein 2 along with impaired activity of mitochondrial aconitase and reduced mitochondrial superoxide formation in restless legs syndrome subjects. Superoxides 162-172 iron responsive element binding protein 2 Homo sapiens 54-79 30394045-6 2018 Moreover, the atg1 and atg8 mutants aggregated more H2O2 and O2 - than the wild-type yeast. Superoxides 54-56 ubiquitin-like protein ATG8 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 23-27 30394045-7 2018 In addition, inhibitors of the ROS scavenging enzyme induced expression of the ATG1 and ATG8 genes by increasing the levels of H2O2 and O2 -. Superoxides 129-131 ubiquitin-like protein ATG8 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 88-92 30394045-8 2018 In contrast, glutathione (GSH) and N-acetylcystine (NAC) decreased the ATG1 and ATG8 expression by reducing H2O2 and O2 - production. Superoxides 110-112 ubiquitin-like protein ATG8 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 80-84 30622668-6 2018 Kallistatin via its heparin-binding site antagonizes TNF-alpha-induced senescence and superoxide formation, while kallistatin"s active site is essential for inhibiting miR-34a synthesis, thus elevating sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/eNOS synthesis in EPCs. Superoxides 86-96 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 53-62 30583677-6 2018 Conclusions: High lipid peroxidationis an important risk factor for breast cancer and the increased levels of superoxide anion in breast cancer cells may bea reason for the induction of SOD activity. Superoxides 110-126 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 186-189 30273834-5 2018 These nanocarriers targeted to caveolar Plasmalemmal Vesicle-Associated Protein (Plvap) deliver superoxide dismutase (SOD) into endosomes in endothelial cells, the specific site of influx of superoxide mediating by such pro-inflammatory signaling as some cytokines and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Superoxides 96-106 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 118-121 30193891-7 2018 MnSOD then converts superoxide into hydrogen peroxide, which activates ERK1/2 to promote tumor cell migration and activates FAK to promote tumor cell adhesion. Superoxides 20-30 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 71-77 30293142-9 2018 Ang II induced the expression of NADPH oxidase and caused superoxide anion accumulation, which were attenuated by propofol. Superoxides 58-74 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 0-6 30134499-0 2018 Neutrophil priming that turns natural FFA2R agonists into potent activators of the superoxide generating NADPH-oxidase. Superoxides 83-93 free fatty acid receptor 2 Homo sapiens 38-43 30424581-3 2018 MEOS induction accelerates the metabolism of ethanol to acetaldehyde that facilitates organ injury including the liver, and it produces via CYP 2E1 many reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as ethoxy radical, hydroxyethyl radical, acetyl radical, singlet radical, superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, alkoxyl radical, and peroxyl radical. Superoxides 262-280 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily E member 1 Homo sapiens 140-147 30317185-2 2018 NOX-generated superoxide has been suggested to promote insulin resistance in the liver. Superoxides 14-24 insulin Homo sapiens 55-62 30534079-10 2018 In the heart and skeletal muscle, mitochondria, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, uncoupled nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and xanthine oxidase are major ROS sources producing superoxide anion (O2 -) and/or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 201-217 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 120-141 30534079-10 2018 In the heart and skeletal muscle, mitochondria, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, uncoupled nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and xanthine oxidase are major ROS sources producing superoxide anion (O2 -) and/or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 219-223 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 120-141 30483268-4 2018 In response to C5a stimulation, MK2-/- neutrophils generated less superoxide in which both NADPH oxidase activation and p47phox phosphorylation were decreased. Superoxides 66-76 MAP kinase-activated protein kinase 2 Mus musculus 32-35 30110572-0 2018 Superoxide via Sp3 mechanism increases renal renin activity, renal AT1 receptor function, and blood pressure in rats. Superoxides 0-10 Sp3 transcription factor Rattus norvegicus 15-18 30774882-7 2019 Furthermore, we found that the tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) functions as a positive mediator of O2 - generation. Superoxides 102-104 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 55-64 30110572-1 2018 We tested a hypothesis that superoxide, by inducing Sp3, increases renal renin activity, renal angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) function, and blood pressure (BP) in rats. Superoxides 28-38 angiotensin II receptor, type 1b Rattus norvegicus 95-125 30110572-1 2018 We tested a hypothesis that superoxide, by inducing Sp3, increases renal renin activity, renal angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) function, and blood pressure (BP) in rats. Superoxides 28-38 angiotensin II receptor, type 1b Rattus norvegicus 127-131 30110572-17 2018 Taken together, our results suggest that superoxide activates renal Sp3 via lysine acetylation increasing renin activity, AT1R function, and BP in rats. Superoxides 41-51 Sp3 transcription factor Rattus norvegicus 68-71 30110572-17 2018 Taken together, our results suggest that superoxide activates renal Sp3 via lysine acetylation increasing renin activity, AT1R function, and BP in rats. Superoxides 41-51 angiotensin II receptor, type 1b Rattus norvegicus 122-126 30110572-1 2018 We tested a hypothesis that superoxide, by inducing Sp3, increases renal renin activity, renal angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) function, and blood pressure (BP) in rats. Superoxides 28-38 Sp3 transcription factor Rattus norvegicus 52-55 30607738-1 2018 The characteristics of the formation of the superoxide radical anion ([Formula: see text]) and hydrogen peroxide by xanthine oxidases isolated from microorganisms and from cow"s milk were investigated. Superoxides 44-68 Weaning weight-maternal milk Bos taurus 178-182 30179714-8 2018 High level of mitochondrial superoxide generation was observed in the transfected cells and NS3-4A and NS4A triggered a cascade of activation starting from caspase-9, then caspase-7 and caspase-3 that ultimately led to the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase PARP. Superoxides 28-38 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 186-195 30388683-0 2019 Calcium signals between the ryanodine receptor- and mitochondria critically regulate the effects of arsenite on mitochondrial superoxide formation and on the ensuing survival vs apoptotic signaling. Superoxides 126-136 ryanodine receptor 1 Homo sapiens 28-46 30384445-6 2018 We found that the release of superoxide, together with the expression of NOX2 subunits p47phox, p-p47phox, and the upstream PI3Kgamma/AKT signaling were all down-regulated by 8e, both in the penumbral region of the rat brain and in the primary cultured microglia subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). Superoxides 29-39 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 134-137 30411067-4 2018 Drought was imposed at the booting stage by withholding water for 21 d. Foliar-sprayed nanoceria (10 mg L-1) efficiently reduced leaf superoxide radical (41%) and hydrogen peroxide (36%) levels and decreased cell membrane lipid peroxidation (37%) under drought. Superoxides 134-152 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-16 Homo sapiens 104-107 30464607-0 2018 Knockdown of PRL-3 increases mitochondrial superoxide anion production through transcriptional regulation of RAP1. Superoxides 43-59 protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A3 Homo sapiens 13-18 30464607-11 2018 Results: Knockdown of PRL-3 significantly increases mitochondrial superoxide anion, mitochondria membrane potential, and induces cell cycle arrest. Superoxides 66-82 protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A3 Homo sapiens 22-27 30464607-12 2018 Decreased PRL-3-induced mitochondrial superoxide anion accumulation is related to the downregulation of RAP1, which could also affect the level of mitochondria superoxide anion. Superoxides 38-54 protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A3 Homo sapiens 10-15 30464607-12 2018 Decreased PRL-3-induced mitochondrial superoxide anion accumulation is related to the downregulation of RAP1, which could also affect the level of mitochondria superoxide anion. Superoxides 38-54 TERF2 interacting protein Homo sapiens 104-108 30464607-12 2018 Decreased PRL-3-induced mitochondrial superoxide anion accumulation is related to the downregulation of RAP1, which could also affect the level of mitochondria superoxide anion. Superoxides 160-176 protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A3 Homo sapiens 10-15 30464607-12 2018 Decreased PRL-3-induced mitochondrial superoxide anion accumulation is related to the downregulation of RAP1, which could also affect the level of mitochondria superoxide anion. Superoxides 160-176 TERF2 interacting protein Homo sapiens 104-108 30464607-15 2018 Both PRL-3 and RAP1 could regulate the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and the uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), which may be related to PRL-3 suppression induced mitochondria superoxide anion. Superoxides 193-209 protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A3 Homo sapiens 5-10 30464607-15 2018 Both PRL-3 and RAP1 could regulate the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and the uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), which may be related to PRL-3 suppression induced mitochondria superoxide anion. Superoxides 193-209 TERF2 interacting protein Homo sapiens 15-19 30464607-15 2018 Both PRL-3 and RAP1 could regulate the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and the uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), which may be related to PRL-3 suppression induced mitochondria superoxide anion. Superoxides 193-209 protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A3 Homo sapiens 154-159 30464607-16 2018 Conclusion: Our study presents the first evidence that PRL-3 is involved in the regulation of mitochondria superoxide anion as a transcriptional factor. Superoxides 107-123 protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A3 Homo sapiens 55-60 30384445-7 2018 With the use of siRNA and pharmacological inhibitors, we further demonstrated that 8e regulates the formation of superoxide in activated microglia through the PI3Kgamma/AKT/NOX2 signaling pathway and subsequently prevents neuronal death in neighboring neurons. Superoxides 113-123 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 169-172 30337619-8 2018 Both AAT and PLTP reduced neutrophil degranulation and superoxide production, possibly though their inhibition of the Src tyrosine kinase, Hck. Superoxides 55-65 serpin family A member 1 Homo sapiens 5-8 30347803-8 2018 In addition, the scavenging capability of PSC-MC on hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion radical was higher than those of DPPH radical and ABTS radical, which suggested that ASC-SC and PSC-SC might be served as hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion radical scavenger in cosmeceutical products for protecting skins from photoaging and ultraviolet damage. Superoxides 233-257 PYD and CARD domain containing Homo sapiens 175-178 30337619-8 2018 Both AAT and PLTP reduced neutrophil degranulation and superoxide production, possibly though their inhibition of the Src tyrosine kinase, Hck. Superoxides 55-65 phospholipid transfer protein Homo sapiens 13-17 29873936-9 2018 Some of the key enzyme systems generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) like superoxide which may prevent EDR. Superoxides 75-85 paternally expressed 10 Homo sapiens 104-107 29802924-6 2018 Importantly, fraction RRP1 demonstrated stronger antioxidative activities than RRP2 by scavenging DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals in vitro. Superoxides 117-142 ribosomal RNA processing 1 Mus musculus 22-26 30354808-9 2018 In conclusion, both O2- from p47phox/NOX2 and H2O2 from NOX4/POLDIP2 enhance maximal arteriolar Ang II contractions from RRM mice during high salt, but H2O2 and NOX4/POLDIP2 reduce the sensitivity to lower concentrations of Ang II by >100-fold. Superoxides 20-22 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 96-102 30073804-1 2018 BACKGROUND: We have previously shown that the deletion of the superoxide scavenger, CuZn superoxide dismutase, in mice (Sod1-/- mice) results in increased oxidative stress and an accelerated loss of skeletal muscle mass and force that mirror the changes seen in old control mice. Superoxides 62-72 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 120-124 30209406-3 2018 The latter are strongly influenced by pH for all three hemoglobins - (with a fundamental involvement of the distal histidine), as well as by added anion concentrations - suggesting either a process dominated by nucleophilic displacement of superoxide for AtHb2 or an inhibitory effect for AtHb1 and AtHb3. Superoxides 240-250 homeobox protein 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 255-260 30309503-7 2018 Our results showed that administration of 100muM of H2O2 on HUVECs for 2, 6, 12 and 24 h induced a time-dependent increase in ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA and protein expression levels with a significant increase observed from 6 h. HUVECs exposed to H2O2 exhibit increased O2-, suggesting that H2O2 induced oxidative stress may be a reasonable for atherosclerosis. Superoxides 54-56 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 137-143 30093535-6 2018 Our results indicate that inhibition of Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission by the outer mitochondrial AKAP1/PKA complex protects neurons from ischemic stroke by maintaining respiratory chain activity, inhibiting superoxide production, and delaying Ca2+ deregulation. Superoxides 214-224 dynamin 1-like Mus musculus 40-44 30093535-10 2018 Mechanistically, we show that electron transport deficiency, increased superoxide production, and Ca2+ overload result from genetic disinhibition of Drp1. Superoxides 71-81 dynamin 1-like Mus musculus 149-153 30037290-0 2018 pLG72 induces superoxide radicals via interaction and aggregation with SOD1. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 71-75 29981238-10 2018 CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Angiotensin II in the CNS facilitates micturition reflex by inhibiting central GABAergic activity and activating the AT1 receptor/PLC/PKC/NADPH oxidase/superoxide anion pathway. Superoxides 182-198 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 30-44 30004839-1 2018 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), one of three mammalian SOD isoforms, is the sole extracellular enzymatic defense against superoxide. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 36-42 30004839-1 2018 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), one of three mammalian SOD isoforms, is the sole extracellular enzymatic defense against superoxide. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 39-42 30086537-3 2018 GRSF1 levels declined in senescent cells through reduced protein stability, and lowering GRSF1 abundance caused mitochondrial stress leading to elevated production of superoxide, increased DNA damage foci, and diminished cell proliferation. Superoxides 167-177 G-rich RNA sequence binding factor 1 Homo sapiens 89-94 30135489-7 2018 Furthermore, we found that argirein blocked the endothelin (ET)-1/Nox4 signal-dependent superoxide (O2-.) Superoxides 88-98 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 48-65 30135489-7 2018 Furthermore, we found that argirein blocked the endothelin (ET)-1/Nox4 signal-dependent superoxide (O2-.) Superoxides 100-102 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 48-65 28601846-8 2018 Interestingly, the deficient superoxide production was reversed by treatment of patients" neutrophils and whole blood with toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) agonists. Superoxides 29-39 toll like receptor 7 Homo sapiens 123-145 30319243-12 2018 Conclusion: Lactobacillus strains with dismutase-like activity are more effective in alleviating intestinal inflammation than strains producing catalase, suggesting that superoxide anion radical decomposition is crucial in this process. Superoxides 170-186 catalase Mus musculus 144-152 29953407-2 2018 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is the first line of defense against reactive oxygen species (ROS), eliminating the strong superoxide radical and producing H2O2, which can then be degraded by catalase (CAT). Superoxides 118-136 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 28601846-8 2018 Interestingly, the deficient superoxide production was reversed by treatment of patients" neutrophils and whole blood with toll-like receptor 7/8 (TLR7/8) agonists. Superoxides 29-39 toll like receptor 7 Homo sapiens 147-153 29957360-10 2018 This study provides evidence that the anti-osteoclastic effect of CAPE depends upon the attenuated superoxide anion production, which is closely related with interruption of an active Nox1 complex formation due to the attenuated catalytic subunit Nox1 expression resulting from suppression of the IKKbeta/IkappaBalpha/NF-kappaB and JNK/AP-1 signaling pathway and the down-regulation of the p47phox subunit translocation to the cell membrane. Superoxides 99-115 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells inhibitor, alpha Mus musculus 305-317 29957360-10 2018 This study provides evidence that the anti-osteoclastic effect of CAPE depends upon the attenuated superoxide anion production, which is closely related with interruption of an active Nox1 complex formation due to the attenuated catalytic subunit Nox1 expression resulting from suppression of the IKKbeta/IkappaBalpha/NF-kappaB and JNK/AP-1 signaling pathway and the down-regulation of the p47phox subunit translocation to the cell membrane. Superoxides 99-115 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 318-327 29953407-2 2018 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is the first line of defense against reactive oxygen species (ROS), eliminating the strong superoxide radical and producing H2O2, which can then be degraded by catalase (CAT). Superoxides 118-136 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 29953407-2 2018 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is the first line of defense against reactive oxygen species (ROS), eliminating the strong superoxide radical and producing H2O2, which can then be degraded by catalase (CAT). Superoxides 118-136 catalase Homo sapiens 187-195 29953407-2 2018 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is the first line of defense against reactive oxygen species (ROS), eliminating the strong superoxide radical and producing H2O2, which can then be degraded by catalase (CAT). Superoxides 118-136 catalase Homo sapiens 197-200 29987037-7 2018 In addition, we report that extracellular superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) is required to convert superoxide to hydrogen peroxide, which acts as the key signaling molecule for follicle rupture, independent of MMP2 activation. Superoxides 42-52 Superoxide dismutase 3 Drosophila melanogaster 66-70 30038429-5 2018 Mechanistically, although both AdipoRon and APN activate AMPK and p38 MAPK in an AdipoR-dependent manner that elicits survival signals, only AdipoRon induces rapid mitochondrial dysfunction through mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, followed by superoxide production via RIPK1 and ERK1/2 activation. Superoxides 239-249 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Homo sapiens 44-47 29989545-4 2018 In sel-12 mutants, elevated endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling leads to an increase in mitochondrial Ca2+ content which stimulates mitochondrial respiration resulting in an increase in mitochondrial superoxide production. Superoxides 220-230 Presenilin sel-12 Caenorhabditis elegans 3-9 28891325-4 2018 Low-grade inflammation, oxidative stress, balance between superoxide and nitric oxide, and the infiltration of macrophages, T cells, and B cells in insulin-sensitive tissues lead to metabolic impairment and accelerated aging. Superoxides 58-68 insulin Homo sapiens 148-155 29989545-5 2018 By reducing ER Ca2+ release, mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake or mitochondrial superoxides in sel-12 mutants, we demonstrate rescue of the mitochondrial metabolic defects and prevent neurodegeneration. Superoxides 72-83 Presenilin sel-12 Caenorhabditis elegans 87-93 31565647-6 2018 Moreover, RQ-PCR analysis revealed that the enhanced cytotoxic effect of As2O3 in the presence of melatonin is mediated, at least partly, through suppressing the expression of NF-kappaB anti-apoptotic target genes such as MCL-1, BCL-2, survivin, XIAP, and c-IAP1 in breast cancer cells. Superoxides 73-78 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 176-185 29473951-5 2018 In ARPE-19 and CCD-841 cells, activation of GPR109A by high concentrations of the agonists 4-HNE (>=10 muM), niacin (>=1000 muM) and 3-OHBA (>=1000 muM) induced apoptosis accompanied by elevated Ca2+ and superoxide levels. Superoxides 213-223 hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 2 Homo sapiens 44-51 31565647-6 2018 Moreover, RQ-PCR analysis revealed that the enhanced cytotoxic effect of As2O3 in the presence of melatonin is mediated, at least partly, through suppressing the expression of NF-kappaB anti-apoptotic target genes such as MCL-1, BCL-2, survivin, XIAP, and c-IAP1 in breast cancer cells. Superoxides 73-78 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 229-234 30140407-1 2018 Objectives: Human superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is the cytosolic form of this enzyme it detoxifies superoxide anions and attenuates their toxicities and concomitant detrimental effects on the cells. Superoxides 99-116 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 18-40 30140407-1 2018 Objectives: Human superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is the cytosolic form of this enzyme it detoxifies superoxide anions and attenuates their toxicities and concomitant detrimental effects on the cells. Superoxides 99-116 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 42-46 30140407-10 2018 More valuable information could probably be provided about the variety of the diseases caused by superoxide anions toxicities by intervention and application of the non-viral method for expressions of SOD1 and SOD3 enzymes. Superoxides 97-114 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 201-205 30140407-10 2018 More valuable information could probably be provided about the variety of the diseases caused by superoxide anions toxicities by intervention and application of the non-viral method for expressions of SOD1 and SOD3 enzymes. Superoxides 97-114 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 210-214 28888781-8 2018 Siglec-8-mediated ROS was generated through reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activation because pretreatment of eosinophils with catalase (an extracellular superoxide scavenger) or NSC 23766 (a Rac GTPase inhibitor) completely inhibited Siglec-8-mediated eosinophil apoptosis. Superoxides 191-201 catalase Homo sapiens 164-172 29738376-7 2018 In vitro, NXT reduced lipopolysaccharide-activated adhesion of THP-1 monocytes to human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by inhibiting expression of adhesion molecules and interleukin 6, and reducing production of mitochondrial superoxide that is related to activation of antioxidant enzymes expression. Superoxides 237-247 GLI family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 63-68 29953508-8 2018 Interleukin-1-beta and interferon-gamma also increase mitochondrial superoxide levels (P < 0.05), which may reinforce the inhibition of pyruvate oxidation, and cause a modest (20%) but significant (P < 0.01) loss of INS-1E cells. Superoxides 68-78 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 0-18 29946898-6 2018 IL-6 affected also the mitochondrial membrane potential together with elevated mitochondrial superoxide generation, and glycogen deposition was reduced. Superoxides 93-103 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 0-4 29792324-5 2018 The results indicated that Mn2+aq was oxidized to birnessite by superoxide radicals (O2 -) generated from the photolysis of NO3- under UV irradiation. Superoxides 64-74 NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist Homo sapiens 124-127 29792324-5 2018 The results indicated that Mn2+aq was oxidized to birnessite by superoxide radicals (O2 -) generated from the photolysis of NO3- under UV irradiation. Superoxides 85-87 NBL1, DAN family BMP antagonist Homo sapiens 124-127 29891006-1 2018 BACKGROUND: SOD1 is an abundant enzyme that has been studied as a regulator of the antioxidant defence system, and this enzyme is well known for catalyzing the dismutation of superoxide into hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 175-185 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 12-16 29891006-10 2018 We demonstrated that these mechanisms of SOD1 partly exist to maintain low levels of the superoxide anion and to avoid the accumulation of lipid droplets via enhanced CPT1A-mediated fatty acid oxidation. Superoxides 89-105 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 41-45 29601810-0 2018 2",3-dihydroxy-5-methoxybiphenyl suppresses fMLP-induced superoxide anion production and cathepsin G release by targeting the beta-subunit of G-protein in human neutrophils. Superoxides 57-73 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 29601810-6 2018 RIR-2 inhibited fMLP-induced superoxide anion production (IC50:2.57 +- 0.22 muM), cathepsin G release (IC50:18.72 +- 3.76 muM) and migration in a concentration dependent manner. Superoxides 29-45 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 16-20 29601810-11 2018 RIR-2 specifically modulates fMLP-mediated neutrophil superoxide anion production and cathepsin G release by inhibiting the interaction between Gbeta-protein with downstream signaling which subsequently interferes with the activation of intracellular calcium, PLCgamma2, AKT, p38, PKC, ERK, p47ph x and p40phox. Superoxides 54-70 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 29-33 29867936-9 2018 On the other hand, superoxide production in heart homogenates was elevated already in 6-month-old Tgalphaq*44 mice and progressively increased to high levels in 14-month-old Tgalphaq*44 mice, while the enzymatic activity of catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase was all elevated as early as in 4-month-old Tgalphaq*44 mice and stayed at a similar level in 14-month-old Tgalphaq*44. Superoxides 19-29 catalase Mus musculus 224-232 29559385-1 2018 Oxidative stress exhibits a central role in the course of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a progressive neurodegenerative disease commonly found to include a copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) gene mutation. Superoxides 175-185 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 197-201 29505165-7 2018 The detection limit of PST-NA to O2.- was estimated to be 2.1 nm min-1 over 60 min of detection. Superoxides 33-35 CD59 molecule (CD59 blood group) Homo sapiens 65-70 29734380-7 2018 There was a significant correlation between antimycin A-induced calcium responses and mitochondrial superoxide in wild-type "responding" A1/V1+ neurons, which was eliminated in TRPA1-/- neurons, but not TRPV1-/- neurons. Superoxides 100-110 BCL2 related protein A1 Homo sapiens 137-142 29723291-10 2018 Cu content and the activity of anti-oxidant enzyme Cu/Zn-dependent superoxide dismutase, SOD1, were lower in Prnp0/0 and Tg(PrPDeltaOR)/Prnp0/0 lungs than in WT lungs. Superoxides 67-77 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 89-93 29529199-5 2018 In this study we explored the hypothesis that superoxide anions participate in the generation of the Parkin and PINK1 associated phenotypic effect by testing the capacity of endogenous and exogenous superoxide dismutating molecules to rescue the toxic effects induced by loss of PINK1 or Parkin, in both cellular and fly models. Superoxides 46-56 parkin Drosophila melanogaster 101-107 29672130-0 2018 NADPH oxidase 4-derived superoxide mediates flow-stimulated NKCC2 activity in thick ascending limbs. Superoxides 24-34 solute carrier family 12 member 1 Homo sapiens 60-65 29672130-4 2018 We hypothesized that raising luminal flow augments NKCC2 activity by enhancing superoxide ([Formula: see text]) production by NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4). Superoxides 79-89 solute carrier family 12 member 1 Homo sapiens 51-56 29210363-5 2018 The ROS level was dependent on the nitric oxide and superoxide producers iNOS and NOX1, respectively, suggesting peroxynitrite as the effector molecule. Superoxides 52-62 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 73-77 28837882-4 2018 Accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species triggers granular mitochondria formation, while mitoTEMPO (a mitochondria-targeted superoxide scavenger) restores tubular mitochondrial morphology within Abeta-treated neurons. Superoxides 137-147 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 208-213 29578208-5 2018 Neutrophils that overexpress ACE have an increased production of superoxide, which increases their ability to kill bacteria. Superoxides 65-75 angiotensin I converting enzyme Homo sapiens 29-32 29371030-4 2018 By applying western blot, it was found that hr5F alleviates the high glucose-induced superoxide overproduction insults by regulating SIRT1-PGC-1alpha/Nrf2 pathway, together with regulating NRF-1, mtTFA, Bax/Bcl-2 to ameliorate cell apoptosis. Superoxides 85-95 PPARG coactivator 1 alpha Homo sapiens 139-149 29371030-4 2018 By applying western blot, it was found that hr5F alleviates the high glucose-induced superoxide overproduction insults by regulating SIRT1-PGC-1alpha/Nrf2 pathway, together with regulating NRF-1, mtTFA, Bax/Bcl-2 to ameliorate cell apoptosis. Superoxides 85-95 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 150-154 29371030-4 2018 By applying western blot, it was found that hr5F alleviates the high glucose-induced superoxide overproduction insults by regulating SIRT1-PGC-1alpha/Nrf2 pathway, together with regulating NRF-1, mtTFA, Bax/Bcl-2 to ameliorate cell apoptosis. Superoxides 85-95 transcription factor A, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 196-201 28837882-5 2018 Interestingly, modulations of mitochondria fission and fusion by genetic and pharmacological tools attenuated not only the induction of granular mitochondria, but also mitochondrial superoxide levels in Abeta-treated neurons. Superoxides 182-192 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 203-208 29743977-4 2018 Stimulation of FPR1 by N-fMLP induces p47phox phosphorylation, which is the crucial event for NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production. Superoxides 118-128 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 15-19 29782017-5 2018 With the addition of enzymes such as ascorbate oxidase (AO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) to the assays, we can determine which portion of tPMET is due to ascorbate export or superoxide production, respectively. Superoxides 64-74 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 86-89 29743977-4 2018 Stimulation of FPR1 by N-fMLP induces p47phox phosphorylation, which is the crucial event for NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production. Superoxides 118-128 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 25-29 29301787-1 2018 OBJECTIVE: Copper transporter ATP7A (copper-transporting/ATPase) is required for full activation of SOD3 (extracellular superoxide dismutase), which is secreted from vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and anchors to endothelial cell surface to preserve endothelial function by scavenging extracellular superoxide. Superoxides 120-130 ATPase, Cu++ transporting, alpha polypeptide Mus musculus 30-35 29632821-1 2018 Mitochondrial uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) mediates free fatty acid (FA)-dependent H+ translocation across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), which leads to acceleration of respiration and suppression of mitochondrial superoxide formation. Superoxides 222-232 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 0-34 29632821-1 2018 Mitochondrial uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) mediates free fatty acid (FA)-dependent H+ translocation across the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), which leads to acceleration of respiration and suppression of mitochondrial superoxide formation. Superoxides 222-232 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 36-40 29301787-2 2018 We reported that ATP7A protein expression and SOD3 activity are decreased in insulin-deficient type 1 diabetes mellitus vessels, thereby, inducing superoxide-mediated endothelial dysfunction, which are rescued by insulin treatment. Superoxides 147-157 ATPase, Cu++ transporting, alpha polypeptide Mus musculus 17-22 29431796-1 2018 A new turn-on near-infrared fluorescence probe (BDP) based on dibenzo[a,c]phenazine for superoxide anion detection with aggregation-induced emission properties as well as a desirable large Stokes shift was designed and synthesized. Superoxides 88-104 AT-rich interaction domain 3B Homo sapiens 48-51 28982074-6 2018 Here, we tested our hypothesis that autophagy is required for IL-13-mediated superoxide production via the NADPH oxidase DUOX1. Superoxides 77-87 interleukin 13 Homo sapiens 62-67 28982074-11 2018 Under parallel culture conditions, IL-13 and IL-4 increased intracellular superoxide levels as determined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Superoxides 74-84 interleukin 13 Homo sapiens 35-40 28982074-11 2018 Under parallel culture conditions, IL-13 and IL-4 increased intracellular superoxide levels as determined by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Superoxides 74-84 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 45-49 28982074-13 2018 Silencing DUOX1 by siRNA attenuated IL-13-mediated increases in superoxide, but did not reduce autophagy activities. Superoxides 64-74 interleukin 13 Homo sapiens 36-41 28982074-14 2018 Notably, depletion of autophagy regulatory protein ATG5 significantly reduced superoxide without diminishing total DUOX1 levels. Superoxides 78-88 autophagy related 5 Homo sapiens 51-55 29431796-2 2018 After BDP reacted with superoxide, the initial diphenyl-phosphinyl groups of BDP were cleaved, resulting in the production of the pyridinium modified fluorophore (BD) with near-infrared emission. Superoxides 23-33 AT-rich interaction domain 3B Homo sapiens 6-9 29431796-2 2018 After BDP reacted with superoxide, the initial diphenyl-phosphinyl groups of BDP were cleaved, resulting in the production of the pyridinium modified fluorophore (BD) with near-infrared emission. Superoxides 23-33 AT-rich interaction domain 3B Homo sapiens 77-80 29431796-3 2018 The fluorescent sensor BDP has a high selectivity for superoxide anions over some other intracellular ROSs, reductants, metal ions and amino acids. Superoxides 54-71 AT-rich interaction domain 3B Homo sapiens 23-26 29431796-4 2018 When HepG2 cells undergo apoptosis and inflammation, BDP is a good probe to keep track of the endogenous superoxide anion level by confocal laser scanning microscopic imaging. Superoxides 105-121 AT-rich interaction domain 3B Homo sapiens 53-56 29402381-5 2018 Specifically, lowering of mitochondrial CoQ caused insulin resistance in adipocytes as a result of increased superoxide/hydrogen peroxide production via complex II. Superoxides 109-119 insulin Homo sapiens 51-58 29144009-6 2018 The enzyme kept its functional integrity upon immobilization; therefore, TNS-PDADMAC-SOD showed excellent superoxide radical anion scavenging activity. Superoxides 106-130 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 85-88 29180450-7 2018 EM analysis disclosed a significant morphological change of mitochondria in the CCD cells of VDAC3-KO mice compared with wildtype mice, which may have been caused by mitochondrial superoxide overload. Superoxides 180-190 voltage-dependent anion channel 3 Mus musculus 93-98 29207156-0 2018 MAPK inhibitors, particularly the JNK inhibitor, increase cell death effects in H2O2-treated lung cancer cells via increased superoxide anion and glutathione depletion. Superoxides 125-141 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 34-37 29207156-6 2018 Intracellular ROS levels were significantly increased in the H2O2-treated cells at 1 and 24 h. Only the JNK inhibitor increased ROS levels in the H2O2-treated cells at 1 h and all MAPK inhibitors raised superoxide anion levels in these cells at 24 h. In addition, H2O2 induced GSH depletion in Calu-6 and A549 cells and the JNK inhibitor significantly enhanced GSH depletion in H2O2-treated cells. Superoxides 203-219 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 104-107 29207156-9 2018 The enhanced effect of MAPK inhibitors, especially the JNK inhibitor, on cell death in H2O2-treated lung cancer cells was correlated with increased O2 - levels and GSH depletion. Superoxides 89-91 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 55-58 29143938-10 2018 Additionally, Lv-shR-IL-1R1 treatment prevented an increase in superoxide anion and pro-inflammatory cytokines (PICs, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta) in the PVN of SHR, and upregulated anti-inflammatory cytokine (AIC, IL-10) expression. Superoxides 63-79 interleukin 1 receptor type 1 Rattus norvegicus 14-27 29246840-3 2018 Mitochondrial antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) are sensitive to O2 tension. Superoxides 79-81 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 35-55 29246840-3 2018 Mitochondrial antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) are sensitive to O2 tension. Superoxides 79-81 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 57-60 29594540-4 2018 As a sensing material for monitoring superoxide anion (O2 -) and typically operated at 0.5 V (vs. SCE), it displays high sensitivity (9.6 muA muM-1 cm-2), a low detection limit (9.7 nM at S/N = 3), a wide linear response range (10 nM to 10 muM), and fast response (1.6 s). Superoxides 37-53 latexin Homo sapiens 142-145 29149638-5 2018 Evaluation of the superoxide-scavenging activity between Cygb variants showed that the DeltaC and DeltaNC mutants exhibited slightly higher activity involving superoxide scavenging as compared with wild-type Cygb. Superoxides 18-28 cytoglobin Homo sapiens 57-61 29149638-5 2018 Evaluation of the superoxide-scavenging activity between Cygb variants showed that the DeltaC and DeltaNC mutants exhibited slightly higher activity involving superoxide scavenging as compared with wild-type Cygb. Superoxides 18-28 cytoglobin Homo sapiens 208-212 29149638-5 2018 Evaluation of the superoxide-scavenging activity between Cygb variants showed that the DeltaC and DeltaNC mutants exhibited slightly higher activity involving superoxide scavenging as compared with wild-type Cygb. Superoxides 159-169 cytoglobin Homo sapiens 57-61 29364969-8 2018 In addition, N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a scavenger of O2-, inhibitors of growth factor receptors and of c-Src, all inhibited the overexpression of cell cycle proteins cyclin D1 and cdk4 in VSMC from SHR. Superoxides 53-55 cyclin D1 Rattus norvegicus 166-175 29594540-4 2018 As a sensing material for monitoring superoxide anion (O2 -) and typically operated at 0.5 V (vs. SCE), it displays high sensitivity (9.6 muA muM-1 cm-2), a low detection limit (9.7 nM at S/N = 3), a wide linear response range (10 nM to 10 muM), and fast response (1.6 s). Superoxides 55-57 latexin Homo sapiens 142-145 29329239-5 2018 Both effectively reduced spontaneous and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced extracellular and intracellular accumulation of superoxide radicals, but induced a sharp increase in the oxidation of intracellular 2",7"-dichlorofluorescein upon short exposure. Superoxides 137-147 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 41-68 28579116-5 2018 In addition, over-expression of SIRT3 repressed AngII-induced excessive production of mitochondrial superoxide, as well as mitochondrial dysfunction evidenced by the maintenance of mitochondrial number and morphology, and the stabilization of mitochondrial membrane potential. Superoxides 100-110 sirtuin 3 Homo sapiens 32-37 29329239-5 2018 Both effectively reduced spontaneous and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-induced extracellular and intracellular accumulation of superoxide radicals, but induced a sharp increase in the oxidation of intracellular 2",7"-dichlorofluorescein upon short exposure. Superoxides 137-147 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 70-79 29293500-4 2018 Upon silencing of PARP10, mitochondrial superoxide production decreased in line with increased expression of antioxidant genes pointing out lower oxidative stress upon PARP10 silencing. Superoxides 40-50 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase family member 10 Homo sapiens 18-24 29850654-1 2018 Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is a metalloenzyme that catalyzes the disproportionation of superoxide into molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 90-100 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-22 29850654-1 2018 Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is a metalloenzyme that catalyzes the disproportionation of superoxide into molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 90-100 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 24-28 29135055-4 2018 Irrespective of glycemic status, colostrum and blood cells treated with IL-4 and IL-17 increased superoxide release in the presence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). Superoxides 97-107 interleukin 4 Homo sapiens 72-76 29183727-1 2018 The membrane bound cytochrome b558 composed of gp91-phox and p22-phox proteins, and cytosolic proteins p40-, p47-and p67-phox are important components of superoxide (O2-)-generating system in phagocytes. Superoxides 154-164 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 117-120 29183727-1 2018 The membrane bound cytochrome b558 composed of gp91-phox and p22-phox proteins, and cytosolic proteins p40-, p47-and p67-phox are important components of superoxide (O2-)-generating system in phagocytes. Superoxides 166-168 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 117-120 29209893-8 2018 The superoxide anion ( O2-) scavenging ability of SOD-CLP-ELP was 1.5 times that of SOD, and the catalytic efficiency of DAAO-CLP-ELP was 1.7 times that of DAAO. Superoxides 23-25 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 50-53 28914882-6 2018 During differentiation, SOD2 was specifically induced to eliminate excess mitochondrial superoxide and protein oxidation, whereas SIRT3 expression was increased to enhance SOD2 activity through deacetylation of K68. Superoxides 88-98 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 24-28 29413528-7 2018 In addition, there is a review of parthanatos in which NO combines with the superoxide anion ( [Formula: see text] ) to form peroxynitrite (ONOO-) that damages DNA and activates poly (ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymerase (PARP). Superoxides 76-92 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 214-218 29209893-8 2018 The superoxide anion ( O2-) scavenging ability of SOD-CLP-ELP was 1.5 times that of SOD, and the catalytic efficiency of DAAO-CLP-ELP was 1.7 times that of DAAO. Superoxides 4-20 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 50-53 29613828-6 2018 TNF-alpha induced mitochondrial dysfunction with impaired basal, ATP-linked, and maximal respiration, decreased cellular ATP synthesis, and increased mitochondrial superoxide production (measured by MitoSOX red fluorescence), which were rescued by inhibiting HDACs with MPT0E014 (1 muM, a Class I and IIb inhibitor), or MS-275 (1 muM, a Class I inhibitor). Superoxides 164-174 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-9 29732984-9 2018 HFDinduced cardiac collagen deposition and superoxide production were enhanced in Trpv1-/- mice. Superoxides 43-53 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 Mus musculus 82-87 28902432-10 2018 CTRP9 significantly enhanced the phosphorylation levels of AMPK, Akt and eNOS, and reduced superoxide production and TNF-alpha levels in PVAT from obese mice. Superoxides 91-101 C1q and tumor necrosis factor related protein 9 Mus musculus 0-5 29202295-5 2018 Consistently, nth-1 mutants express markers of chronic oxidative stress with high basal phosphorylation of MAP-kinases (MAPK) but further activation of MAPK in response to the superoxide generator paraquat is attenuated. Superoxides 176-186 Endonuclease III homolog Caenorhabditis elegans 14-19 29216769-12 2018 In summary, zinc induces mitophagy through PINK1 and Beclin1 via ERK leading to the prevention of mitochondrial superoxide generation in the setting of H/R. Superoxides 112-122 Eph receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 65-68 29851012-6 2018 Superoxide dismutase (MnSOD, SOD2) from the mitochondrial matrix, as well as superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD, SOD1) present in small amounts in the mitochondrial intramembrane space, converts superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide, which can be then converted by catalase to harmless H2O.In the chapter we describe a relation between mitochondrial membrane potential and the rate of ROS formation. Superoxides 191-207 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 109-113 30130789-3 2018 This pathology can be modeled in hSOD1G93A mice, which have a point mutation in the gene for superoxide dismutase 1. Superoxides 93-103 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 33-38 29414428-9 2018 These results show that Akt/GSK-3beta/PKCepsilon/eNOS-dependent pathways-mediated superoxide production and apoptosis appear as important factors involved in the observed gender differences. Superoxides 82-92 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 24-27 29414428-9 2018 These results show that Akt/GSK-3beta/PKCepsilon/eNOS-dependent pathways-mediated superoxide production and apoptosis appear as important factors involved in the observed gender differences. Superoxides 82-92 protein kinase C, epsilon Rattus norvegicus 38-48 29172520-1 2017 A component of the neurotoxicity of the beta amyloid peptide (Abeta) of Alzheimer"s disease is its ability to generate superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals by reaction of its reduced copper complex Abeta/Cu+ with molecular oxygen. Superoxides 119-129 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 40-60 29172520-1 2017 A component of the neurotoxicity of the beta amyloid peptide (Abeta) of Alzheimer"s disease is its ability to generate superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals by reaction of its reduced copper complex Abeta/Cu+ with molecular oxygen. Superoxides 119-129 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 62-67 29172520-1 2017 A component of the neurotoxicity of the beta amyloid peptide (Abeta) of Alzheimer"s disease is its ability to generate superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals by reaction of its reduced copper complex Abeta/Cu+ with molecular oxygen. Superoxides 119-129 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 214-219 28993273-4 2017 However, excess and sustained accumulation of O2 --generating defective mitochondria overpowered the mitophagic machinery, ultimately triggering Bax-dependent apoptosis and NF-kappaB-intervened pro-inflammatory mucosal injury. Superoxides 46-48 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 145-148 28993273-5 2017 We further observed that stress-induced enhanced serum corticosterone stimulated mitochondrial recruitment of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which contributed to gut mitochondrial dysfunctions as documented from reduced ETC complex 1 activity, mitochondrial O2 - accumulation, depolarization and hyper-fission. Superoxides 257-259 nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 Homo sapiens 110-133 28993273-5 2017 We further observed that stress-induced enhanced serum corticosterone stimulated mitochondrial recruitment of glucocorticoid receptor (GR), which contributed to gut mitochondrial dysfunctions as documented from reduced ETC complex 1 activity, mitochondrial O2 - accumulation, depolarization and hyper-fission. Superoxides 257-259 nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1 Homo sapiens 135-137 29194441-5 2017 The superoxide dismutase Sod5 is co-induced with Fre8 and our findings are consistent with a model in which extracellular Sod5 acts as partner for Fre8, converting Fre8-derived superoxide to the diffusible H2O2 molecule. Superoxides 4-14 putative ferric-chelate reductase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 49-53 29029079-1 2017 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD, SOD3) protects tissues against oxidative damage by detoxifying superoxide anions, particularly in the lungs and cardiovascular system. Superoxides 107-124 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 0-34 29029079-1 2017 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD, SOD3) protects tissues against oxidative damage by detoxifying superoxide anions, particularly in the lungs and cardiovascular system. Superoxides 107-124 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 36-42 29029079-1 2017 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD, SOD3) protects tissues against oxidative damage by detoxifying superoxide anions, particularly in the lungs and cardiovascular system. Superoxides 107-124 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 44-48 28974565-8 2017 In cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and cardiofibroblasts, exposure of Ang II decreased angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 protein and increased superoxide generation, cellular proliferation, and migration, which were rescued by pyr1-apelin-13, and Akt and endothelial nitric oxide synthase agonist stimulation. Superoxides 146-156 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 75-81 28974565-9 2017 The increased superoxide generation and apoptosis in cultured cardiofibroblasts in response to Ang II were strikingly prevented by pyr1-apelin-13 which was partially reversed by cotreatment with the Akt inhibitor MK2206. Superoxides 14-24 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 95-101 28974565-9 2017 The increased superoxide generation and apoptosis in cultured cardiofibroblasts in response to Ang II were strikingly prevented by pyr1-apelin-13 which was partially reversed by cotreatment with the Akt inhibitor MK2206. Superoxides 14-24 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 199-202 28643395-1 2017 Catalase is an antioxidative enzyme that converts hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) produced by superoxide dismutase from highly reactive superoxide (O2- ) to water and oxygen molecules. Superoxides 89-99 catalase Mus musculus 0-8 29055824-2 2017 Thus, hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is generated via the reaction of myeloperoxidase (from neutrophils and monocytes) with hydrogen peroxide, and peroxynitrous acid (ONOOH), a potent oxidizing and nitrating agent is formed from superoxide radicals and nitric oxide, generated by stimulated macrophages. Superoxides 223-233 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 64-79 29162483-4 2017 The amount of H2O2, superoxide anion, nitric oxide release and bacterial CFU were significantly decreased in TNFR1 plus IL-1R blocked macrophages when compared with macrophages having intact receptors at 60 min of S. aureus infection. Superoxides 20-36 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1b Mus musculus 109-114 29194441-5 2017 The superoxide dismutase Sod5 is co-induced with Fre8 and our findings are consistent with a model in which extracellular Sod5 acts as partner for Fre8, converting Fre8-derived superoxide to the diffusible H2O2 molecule. Superoxides 4-14 putative ferric-chelate reductase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 147-151 29194441-5 2017 The superoxide dismutase Sod5 is co-induced with Fre8 and our findings are consistent with a model in which extracellular Sod5 acts as partner for Fre8, converting Fre8-derived superoxide to the diffusible H2O2 molecule. Superoxides 4-14 putative ferric-chelate reductase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 147-151 29095915-10 2017 In db/db mice, mRNA and protein expression of IL-6 and superoxide (O2-) production were higher, but reduced by anti-IL-6 treatment. Superoxides 55-65 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 111-120 28964807-5 2017 We found that the administration of LPS led to mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction as evidenced by increased mitochondrial superoxide production and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production in the hippocampus. Superoxides 134-144 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 36-39 29078279-8 2017 Importantly, increased H2O2 served as a second messenger and led to the STAT3 dimerization and, hence, activation of antiapoptotic signaling, which eventually significantly suppressed the superoxide burst and decreased the infarct size during the I/R process in cHet mice. Superoxides 188-198 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Mus musculus 72-77 28916726-4 2017 beta-Lapachone"s therapeutic efficacy partially stems from the drug"s induction of a futile NQO1-mediated redox cycle that causes high levels of superoxide and then peroxide formation, which damages DNA and causes hyperactivation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, resulting in extensive NAD+/ATP depletion. Superoxides 145-155 NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 92-96 29095915-10 2017 In db/db mice, mRNA and protein expression of IL-6 and superoxide (O2-) production were higher, but reduced by anti-IL-6 treatment. Superoxides 67-69 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 111-120 28444175-7 2017 Short BTL was associated with high O2.- in PBMNC (P = 0.04) but not in vessels, whereas VTL was related to O2.- in IMA (rho = -0.49, P = 0.004) and SV (rho = -0.52, P = 0.01). Superoxides 35-37 cysteine rich hydrophobic domain 2 Homo sapiens 6-9 28782506-9 2017 However, only FT iNrf2 cells demonstrated enhanced resistance to doxorubicin and cumene hydroperoxide-mediated increases in mitochondrial superoxide and lipid peroxidation, respectively, and did so in a dox-dependent manner. Superoxides 138-148 kelch like ECH associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 17-22 28751023-10 2017 Further, pretreatment with Mito-TEMPO, a mitochondrial superoxide scavenger, blocked TGF-beta-induced mitochondrial superoxide, NOX4 expression and differentiation of human lung fibroblasts. Superoxides 55-65 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 85-93 28751023-10 2017 Further, pretreatment with Mito-TEMPO, a mitochondrial superoxide scavenger, blocked TGF-beta-induced mitochondrial superoxide, NOX4 expression and differentiation of human lung fibroblasts. Superoxides 116-126 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 85-93 28751023-12 2017 Collectively, these results suggest that LYCAT is a negative regulator of TGF-beta-induced lung fibroblast differentiation by modulation of mitochondrial superoxide and NOX4 dependent H2O2 generation, and this may serve as a potential therapeutic target for human lung fibrosis. Superoxides 154-164 transforming growth factor beta 1 Homo sapiens 74-82 29186034-10 2017 IL-6 has direct effects on endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity and expression as well as increasing vascular superoxide, which rapidly inactivates NO thereby limiting NO bioavailability. Superoxides 116-126 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 0-4 28444175-8 2017 Angiotensin II (AngII) incubation of VSMC (30 days), as a means of stimulating NADPH-oxidases, increased O2.- and reduced TL in carriers of the high-responsiveness P22ph x alleles (P = 0.007). Superoxides 105-107 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-14 28444175-8 2017 Angiotensin II (AngII) incubation of VSMC (30 days), as a means of stimulating NADPH-oxidases, increased O2.- and reduced TL in carriers of the high-responsiveness P22ph x alleles (P = 0.007). Superoxides 105-107 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 16-21 29183043-8 2017 Conclusions: B(e)P decreases the endothelium-dependent NO-induced vasodilation in the retinal arterioles through the production of superoxide from NADPH oxidase, which is linked to JNK and p38 kinase. Superoxides 131-141 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 181-184 29183043-8 2017 Conclusions: B(e)P decreases the endothelium-dependent NO-induced vasodilation in the retinal arterioles through the production of superoxide from NADPH oxidase, which is linked to JNK and p38 kinase. Superoxides 131-141 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 189-192 28825980-4 2017 Among the isolated compounds, 7-O-methylcorylifol A and psoralen exhibited potent inhibition (IC50 values <= 10.89 muM) of superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils in response to N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB). Superoxides 126-142 latexin Homo sapiens 118-121 28711502-3 2017 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is the major superoxide scavenger in mitochondria, whose activity is regulated by SIRT3-mediated deacetylation, particularly at the Lys68 site (Chen et al., 2011) [5]. Superoxides 10-20 sirtuin 3 Homo sapiens 121-126 28712304-5 2017 Recent Advances: Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) regulates NO, H2S, and superoxide production and signaling in several cell types. Superoxides 64-74 thrombospondin 1 Homo sapiens 35-39 28750571-2 2017 Superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1; OMIM: 147450) metabolizes highly reactive and more dangerous superoxide radicals into less reactive molecules. Superoxides 91-101 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-22 28750571-2 2017 Superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1; OMIM: 147450) metabolizes highly reactive and more dangerous superoxide radicals into less reactive molecules. Superoxides 91-101 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 24-28 28712304-5 2017 Recent Advances: Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) regulates NO, H2S, and superoxide production and signaling in several cell types. Superoxides 64-74 thrombospondin 1 Homo sapiens 17-33 28715630-1 2017 Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, with a 10% genetic linkage, of which 20% of these cases may be attributed to mutations in superoxide dismutase (SOD1). Superoxides 171-181 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 193-197 29163205-1 2017 Kinin B1 receptor (B1R) enhanced superoxide anion ([Formula: see text]) production in the vasculature of diabetic rats. Superoxides 33-49 bradykinin receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 0-17 29163205-1 2017 Kinin B1 receptor (B1R) enhanced superoxide anion ([Formula: see text]) production in the vasculature of diabetic rats. Superoxides 33-49 bradykinin receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 19-22 29036233-0 2017 Correction: Diabetes-Induced Superoxide Anion and Breakdown of the Blood-Retinal Barrier: Role of the VEGF/uPAR Pathway. Superoxides 29-45 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 102-106 29025747-7 2017 In ligated carotid arteries, Ucp2-/- mice, compared with wild-type littermates, exhibited accelerated myointimal formation, which was associated with increased superoxide production and can be attenuated by treatment with antioxidant 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidinoxyl (TEMPOL). Superoxides 160-170 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 29-33 29022898-7 2017 In addition, an SOD mimetic that attenuated the superoxide level suppressed mitophagy, while an SOD inhibitor accumulated cellular superoxide and promoted mitophagy. Superoxides 48-58 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 16-19 28978450-2 2017 It funnels electrons coming from NADH and ubiquinol to cytochrome c, but it is also capable of producing significant amounts of the free radical superoxide. Superoxides 145-155 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 55-67 29022898-7 2017 In addition, an SOD mimetic that attenuated the superoxide level suppressed mitophagy, while an SOD inhibitor accumulated cellular superoxide and promoted mitophagy. Superoxides 131-141 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 96-99 29022898-9 2017 Together, our study sheds light on the link between ROS and mitophagy at a molecular level, and suggests the therapeutic potential of regulating mitophagy through the superoxide-p38-mitophagy axis. Superoxides 167-177 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 178-181 28755631-11 2017 In conclusion, upregulation of UCP2 conferred protective effects to the stressed beta-cell through mechanisms not directly associated with superoxide production. Superoxides 139-149 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 31-35 28638979-9 2017 RESULTS: Inhibition of endocytosis prevented priming of superoxide release by TNFalpha and inhibited TNFalpha stimulation and priming of exocytosis of all four granule subsets. Superoxides 56-66 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 78-86 28600985-11 2017 Finally, insulin induced nitrotyrosine formation which was reversed by inhibiting NO or superoxide generation. Superoxides 88-98 insulin Homo sapiens 9-16 28715643-1 2017 During exposure to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) insult, angiotensin II (AngII)-induced endothelin-1 (ET-1) upregulation in endothelial cells progressively impairs nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability while increasing levels of superoxide anion (O2-) and leading to the onset of endothelial dysfunction. Superoxides 222-238 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 54-68 28715643-1 2017 During exposure to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) insult, angiotensin II (AngII)-induced endothelin-1 (ET-1) upregulation in endothelial cells progressively impairs nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability while increasing levels of superoxide anion (O2-) and leading to the onset of endothelial dysfunction. Superoxides 222-238 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 70-75 28715643-1 2017 During exposure to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) insult, angiotensin II (AngII)-induced endothelin-1 (ET-1) upregulation in endothelial cells progressively impairs nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability while increasing levels of superoxide anion (O2-) and leading to the onset of endothelial dysfunction. Superoxides 222-238 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 85-97 28715643-1 2017 During exposure to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) insult, angiotensin II (AngII)-induced endothelin-1 (ET-1) upregulation in endothelial cells progressively impairs nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability while increasing levels of superoxide anion (O2-) and leading to the onset of endothelial dysfunction. Superoxides 222-238 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 99-103 28715643-1 2017 During exposure to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) insult, angiotensin II (AngII)-induced endothelin-1 (ET-1) upregulation in endothelial cells progressively impairs nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability while increasing levels of superoxide anion (O2-) and leading to the onset of endothelial dysfunction. Superoxides 240-242 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 54-68 28715643-1 2017 During exposure to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) insult, angiotensin II (AngII)-induced endothelin-1 (ET-1) upregulation in endothelial cells progressively impairs nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability while increasing levels of superoxide anion (O2-) and leading to the onset of endothelial dysfunction. Superoxides 240-242 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 70-75 28715643-1 2017 During exposure to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) insult, angiotensin II (AngII)-induced endothelin-1 (ET-1) upregulation in endothelial cells progressively impairs nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability while increasing levels of superoxide anion (O2-) and leading to the onset of endothelial dysfunction. Superoxides 240-242 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 85-97 28715643-1 2017 During exposure to ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) insult, angiotensin II (AngII)-induced endothelin-1 (ET-1) upregulation in endothelial cells progressively impairs nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability while increasing levels of superoxide anion (O2-) and leading to the onset of endothelial dysfunction. Superoxides 240-242 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 99-103 28600985-7 2017 In HAMECs, insulin-induced time-dependent increases in Nox2 expression and P47phox phosphorylation were echoed by elevations of superoxide production. Superoxides 128-138 insulin Homo sapiens 11-18 28900160-6 2017 Moreover, we provide evidence that increased production of mitochondrial superoxide as a consequence of elevated mitochondria activity, contributes to the p38alpha reduced cell survival triggered by sustained p38alpha activation. Superoxides 73-83 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 155-163 28961211-4 2017 The anti-inflammatory activities of compounds 1-12 were assessed by measuring their inhibitory effect on N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenyl-alanine/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB)-induced superoxide anion generation and elastase release in human neutrophils. Superoxides 179-195 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 162-166 28129719-8 2017 INNOVATION: Real-time changes of mitochondrial H2O2 and GSH in tissue cultures during early RP, and also during controlled production of superoxide and peroxide, reveal significant differences between CA1 and CA3. Superoxides 137-147 carbonic anhydrase 3 Homo sapiens 209-212 28900160-6 2017 Moreover, we provide evidence that increased production of mitochondrial superoxide as a consequence of elevated mitochondria activity, contributes to the p38alpha reduced cell survival triggered by sustained p38alpha activation. Superoxides 73-83 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 209-217 28686251-2 2017 Sod1 dismutes superoxide anions to hydrogen peroxide and oxygen. Superoxides 14-31 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 28645653-2 2017 Catalase, is an important endogenous antioxidant enzyme that catabolizes hydrogen peroxide produced by the dismutation of superoxide. Superoxides 122-132 catalase Mus musculus 0-8 28481867-7 2017 In addition, IL-6, via STAT3-mediated feedback to mitochondria, autonomously adjusts mitochondrial superoxide to levels suitable to maintain stem cell-like activity. Superoxides 99-109 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 13-17 28481867-7 2017 In addition, IL-6, via STAT3-mediated feedback to mitochondria, autonomously adjusts mitochondrial superoxide to levels suitable to maintain stem cell-like activity. Superoxides 99-109 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 23-28 28603086-4 2017 SOD catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anion (O2 -) to oxygen (O2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 37-53 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 28572500-14 2017 The increased cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration along with MYOD, MYOG, and micro-RNA upregulation could be related to reduced O2 - production, which, in turn, favors myogenic regeneration. Superoxides 128-130 myogenic differentiation 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 28633086-4 2017 Besides, melatonin markedly decreased the content of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion in melatonin-treated seedlings, which is attributed to the increased total antioxidant capacity, GSH and AsA contents, as well as enzyme activity including ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione transferase (GST). Superoxides 75-91 POD1 Triticum aestivum 248-268 28915557-7 2017 Consistent with increased mitochondrial mass and reduced respiratory capacity, p16-deficient PMFs generated increased mitochondrial superoxide. Superoxides 132-142 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A Homo sapiens 79-82 28437863-9 2017 Mechanistic investigations revealed that SIRT3 overexpression causes manganese superoxide dismutase deacetylation and activation, which depleted intracellular superoxide contents, leading to adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibition and mammalian target of rapamycin C1 activation, resulting in autophagy suppression. Superoxides 79-89 sirtuin 3 Homo sapiens 41-46 28808297-5 2017 We observed that sPLA2-HDL potently and rapidly inhibited platelet aggregation induced by several agonists, P-selectin expression, GPIIb/IIIa activation and superoxide production, whereas native HDL showed little effects. Superoxides 157-167 phospholipase A2 group X Homo sapiens 17-22 28331062-11 2017 Importantly, HIF-1alpha activation significantly lowered mitochondrial oxygen consumption and superoxide production and increased mitochondrial volume density. Superoxides 94-104 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Homo sapiens 13-23 28544111-4 2017 Kallistatin blocked TNF-alpha-induced superoxide levels, NADPH oxidase activity, and microRNA-21 (miR-21) and p16INK4a synthesis. Superoxides 38-48 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 20-29 28648460-4 2017 The anti-inflammatory activities of compounds 1-6 were evaluated by measuring their ability to suppress N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenyl-alanine/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB)-induced superoxide anion generation and elastase release in human neutrophils. Superoxides 178-194 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 161-165 28568315-9 2017 The superoxide radical degradation pathway was identified as over-represented based on the differential expression of the genes GPX7, SOD2 and TYRP1, suggesting a potential role for oxidative stress or inflammatory pathways among low gain-high intake animals. Superoxides 4-22 glutathione peroxidase 7 Bos taurus 128-132 28568315-9 2017 The superoxide radical degradation pathway was identified as over-represented based on the differential expression of the genes GPX7, SOD2 and TYRP1, suggesting a potential role for oxidative stress or inflammatory pathways among low gain-high intake animals. Superoxides 4-22 tyrosinase related protein 1 Bos taurus 143-148 28244682-8 2017 In conclusion, our findings suggest that extracellular histones stimulate the release of endothelial-dependent mediators through an up-regulation in COX-2-PGIS-PGI2 pathway which involves a COX-2-dependent superoxide production that decreases the activity of eNOS and the NO production. Superoxides 206-216 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 149-154 28244682-8 2017 In conclusion, our findings suggest that extracellular histones stimulate the release of endothelial-dependent mediators through an up-regulation in COX-2-PGIS-PGI2 pathway which involves a COX-2-dependent superoxide production that decreases the activity of eNOS and the NO production. Superoxides 206-216 prostaglandin I2 synthase Homo sapiens 155-159 28244682-8 2017 In conclusion, our findings suggest that extracellular histones stimulate the release of endothelial-dependent mediators through an up-regulation in COX-2-PGIS-PGI2 pathway which involves a COX-2-dependent superoxide production that decreases the activity of eNOS and the NO production. Superoxides 206-216 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 190-195 28317735-3 2017 Ang II increased the generation of superoxide anion from NADPH oxidase, as well as the amount of hydrogen peroxide and nitrotyrosine. Superoxides 35-51 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-6 28231483-5 2017 Mechanistically, MnP reduces superoxide to hydrogen peroxide, which activates intracellular Nrf2 signaling leading to the induction of antioxidant enzymes, including MnSOD and catalase, and mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3. Superoxides 29-39 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 92-96 28282615-8 2017 Furthermore, we found decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial fragmentation and increased mitochondrial superoxide levels in MLN64-overexpressing cells and in NPC1-deficient cells. Superoxides 125-135 START domain containing 3 Mus musculus 146-151 28282615-9 2017 Consequently, MLN64 expression was increased in NPC1-deficient cells and reduction of its expression restore mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial superoxide levels. Superoxides 160-170 START domain containing 3 Mus musculus 14-19 28750088-8 2017 The hAOX1 variants were characterized carefully by quantitative differences in their ability to produce superoxide radical. Superoxides 104-122 aldehyde oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 4-9 28750088-12 2017 Considering the high toxicity of the superoxide in the cell, the hAOX1-L438V SNP variant is an eventual candidate for critical or pathological roles of this natural variant within the human population. Superoxides 37-47 aldehyde oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 65-70 28804681-8 2017 Myeloperoxidase (MPO), isolated from human neutrophils, was also able to enhance the superoxide- and hydrogen peroxide-dependent luminol-amplified chemiluminescence. Superoxides 85-95 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 0-15 28804681-6 2017 Both reactions were inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD), but not by catalase, confirming that superoxide anion, and not hydrogen peroxide, is the species oxidizing luminol to produce chemiluminescence. Superoxides 98-114 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 33-53 28804681-8 2017 Myeloperoxidase (MPO), isolated from human neutrophils, was also able to enhance the superoxide- and hydrogen peroxide-dependent luminol-amplified chemiluminescence. Superoxides 85-95 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 17-20 28804681-6 2017 Both reactions were inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD), but not by catalase, confirming that superoxide anion, and not hydrogen peroxide, is the species oxidizing luminol to produce chemiluminescence. Superoxides 98-114 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 55-58 28431961-6 2017 Then, senescence under these conditions showed persistent activation of p53 pathway and mitochondrial dysfunctions, characterized by O2 - generation, inhibition of respiratory complex II activity and over-expression of SOD2 and GPX1 detoxification enzymes. Superoxides 133-135 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 72-75 28595002-4 2017 Using recombinant human enzyme, we discovered that DCXR mediates redox cycling of a variety of quinones generating superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and, in the presence of transition metals, hydroxyl radicals. Superoxides 115-131 dicarbonyl and L-xylulose reductase Homo sapiens 51-55 28502718-5 2017 Cells over-expressing mtND5 variant produced both peroxide as well as super-oxide ROS; the generation of which was dependent on the functional status of P53; modulating epigenetically the expression of key apoptosis pathway genes. Superoxides 70-81 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 153-156 28199717-6 2017 Levels of ROS in whole C6 cells, and superoxide in the mitochondria of C6 cells immediately after gamma-irradiation, were reduced by IL-6, but this was not observed in RNB cells. Superoxides 37-47 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 133-137 28751803-1 2017 Extracellular-superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD or SOD3), which catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide anions into hydrogen peroxide, plays a key role in vascular protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxides 88-105 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 36-42 28751803-1 2017 Extracellular-superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD or SOD3), which catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide anions into hydrogen peroxide, plays a key role in vascular protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxides 88-105 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 46-50 28456571-6 2017 Although with SIRT1 silenced, EPO could reverse to some extent DOX-induced mitochondrial superoxide accumulation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP depletion, it failed to normalize protein expression of PGC-1alpha and its downstream genes. Superoxides 89-99 erythropoietin Homo sapiens 30-33 28263293-4 2017 AOPP challenge rapidly increased the production of intracellular superoxide by activation of NADPH oxidases, demonstrated by p47phox translocation and interaction with p22phox and gp91phox, and this in turn led to apoptosis. Superoxides 65-75 NSFL1 cofactor Rattus norvegicus 125-128 28263293-4 2017 AOPP challenge rapidly increased the production of intracellular superoxide by activation of NADPH oxidases, demonstrated by p47phox translocation and interaction with p22phox and gp91phox, and this in turn led to apoptosis. Superoxides 65-75 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Rattus norvegicus 168-175 27181592-9 2017 Additionally, inhibition of JNK with SP600125 alleviated intracellular accumulation of ROS and attenuated mitochondrial generation of superoxide. Superoxides 134-144 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 28-31 28504877-6 2017 With the assistance of probe, we found that inhibition of Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) could transduce a signal through mitochondrial complexes I and II to enhance the O2 - and pH levels and eventually induced mitohyperfusion and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Superoxides 172-174 dynamin 1-like Mus musculus 58-83 28504877-6 2017 With the assistance of probe, we found that inhibition of Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) could transduce a signal through mitochondrial complexes I and II to enhance the O2 - and pH levels and eventually induced mitohyperfusion and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. Superoxides 172-174 dynamin 1-like Mus musculus 85-89 28588226-5 2017 Both kaempferide and kaempferol significantly suppressed mutant SOD1-induced superoxide in mitochondria. Superoxides 77-87 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 64-68 26660451-4 2017 Thus, the consequences of the interaction (redox crosstalk) of superoxide/hydrogen peroxide produced by mitochondria with other ROS producing enzymes such as NADPH oxidases (Nox) are of outstanding importance and will be discussed including the consequences for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling as well as the redox regulation of the vascular function/tone in general (soluble guanylyl cyclase, endothelin-1, prostanoid synthesis). Superoxides 63-73 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 262-295 26660451-4 2017 Thus, the consequences of the interaction (redox crosstalk) of superoxide/hydrogen peroxide produced by mitochondria with other ROS producing enzymes such as NADPH oxidases (Nox) are of outstanding importance and will be discussed including the consequences for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling as well as the redox regulation of the vascular function/tone in general (soluble guanylyl cyclase, endothelin-1, prostanoid synthesis). Superoxides 63-73 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 414-426 28052871-2 2017 We hypothesized that myoglobin enhances the angiotensin II (ANG II) response in afferent arterioles by increasing superoxide and reducing nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Superoxides 114-124 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 44-58 28542246-3 2017 Genetic ablation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), an antioxidant enzyme that acts to reduce O2.- concentration, revealed a new O2.--dependent regulation of IRP1 leading to the reduction of IRP1 protein level and in consequence to the diminution of IRP1 enzymatic and IRE-binding activities. Superoxides 128-130 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 20-42 28542246-3 2017 Genetic ablation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), an antioxidant enzyme that acts to reduce O2.- concentration, revealed a new O2.--dependent regulation of IRP1 leading to the reduction of IRP1 protein level and in consequence to the diminution of IRP1 enzymatic and IRE-binding activities. Superoxides 128-130 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 44-48 28542246-0 2017 A drastic superoxide-dependent oxidative stress is prerequisite for the down-regulation of IRP1: Insights from studies on SOD1-deficient mice and macrophages treated with paraquat. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 122-126 28542246-3 2017 Genetic ablation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), an antioxidant enzyme that acts to reduce O2.- concentration, revealed a new O2.--dependent regulation of IRP1 leading to the reduction of IRP1 protein level and in consequence to the diminution of IRP1 enzymatic and IRE-binding activities. Superoxides 93-95 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 20-42 28542246-3 2017 Genetic ablation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), an antioxidant enzyme that acts to reduce O2.- concentration, revealed a new O2.--dependent regulation of IRP1 leading to the reduction of IRP1 protein level and in consequence to the diminution of IRP1 enzymatic and IRE-binding activities. Superoxides 93-95 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 44-48 28391978-2 2017 Normally, superoxide dismutase (SOD) converts superoxide anions to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and H2O2 is then naturalized to be water by peroxiredoxin 4. Superoxides 46-63 peroxiredoxin 4 Rattus norvegicus 136-151 28445457-5 2017 Mechanistically, cardiac pathology was attributed to mCa2+ overload driving increased generation of superoxide and necrotic cell death, which was rescued by genetic inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore activation. Superoxides 100-110 carbonic anhydrase 2 Mus musculus 53-57 28052871-2 2017 We hypothesized that myoglobin enhances the angiotensin II (ANG II) response in afferent arterioles by increasing superoxide and reducing nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Superoxides 114-124 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 60-66 28052871-14 2017 The results suggest that the enhanced afferent arteriolar reactivity to ANG II is mainly due to a myoglobin-induced increase in superoxide and associated reduction in the NO bioavailability. Superoxides 128-138 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 72-78 28414812-4 2017 Unlike previous studies, our experimental design included a genetic approach to alter superoxide levels by using superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1)-deficient mice fed a high methionine/low folate diet to produce hyperhomocysteinemia. Superoxides 86-96 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 113-135 28286065-6 2017 The activation of Nrf2-ARE pathway by PD eventually led to the quenching of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide overproduction boosted by HG. Superoxides 105-115 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 18-22 28503149-10 2017 In accordance, aortic rings from B1R-/- or B2R-/- mice exhibit decreased NO bioavailability and increased superoxide generation compared to WT mice, suggesting the involvement of excessive ROS generation in the endothelial dysfunction of B1R-/- and B2R-/- mice. Superoxides 107-117 bradykinin receptor, beta 1 Mus musculus 33-49 28210753-7 2017 Puerarin-7-O-glucuronide also reversed angiotensin II-induced increases in intracellular superoxide production and NADPH oxidase activity and decreases in total SOD activity. Superoxides 89-99 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 39-53 28323499-4 2017 EYGF-33 significantly enhanced the production of superoxide anions in the mitochondria of Caco-2 cells; this could activate a mitochondrial apoptotic pathway leading to typical Poly Adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage as observed in the Western blot result. Superoxides 49-66 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 223-227 28414812-4 2017 Unlike previous studies, our experimental design included a genetic approach to alter superoxide levels by using superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1)-deficient mice fed a high methionine/low folate diet to produce hyperhomocysteinemia. Superoxides 86-96 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 137-141 28108311-7 2017 Further, we found that RIP1 and RIP3 regulated shikonin-induced overproduction of ROS via causing excessive generation of mitochondrial superoxide and depletion of GSH, indicating that ROS was the downstream signal of RIP1 and RIP3. Superoxides 136-146 receptor (TNFRSF)-interacting serine-threonine kinase 1 Mus musculus 23-27 28122729-7 2017 Using specific reactive oxygen species detection and antioxidants, we have demonstrated that superoxide anions generated by zinc are a key upstream mechanism for PKCalpha activation leading to the subsequent suppression of stem cell features of lung cancer. Superoxides 93-110 protein kinase C alpha Homo sapiens 162-170 28216161-5 2017 Meanwhile, excessive superoxide production was induced as determined by mitochondrial superoxide formation assay (MitoSOX) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) detection. Superoxides 21-31 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 127-149 28216161-5 2017 Meanwhile, excessive superoxide production was induced as determined by mitochondrial superoxide formation assay (MitoSOX) and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) detection. Superoxides 21-31 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 151-155 28188272-8 2017 The aldehyde-dependent differential generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide by AAO4 and the induction of AAO4 expression by hydrogen peroxide shown here suggest a self-amplification mechanism for detoxifying additional reactive aldehydes produced during stress. Superoxides 50-60 aldehyde oxidase 4 Arabidopsis thaliana 86-90 28153500-7 2017 The increase in EGFR and HER2 transactivation caused by ET-1 addition to NSCLC cells was inhibited by lapatinib (EGFR and HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)), gefitinib (EGFR TKI), ZD4054 or BQ-123 (ETAR antagonist), GM6001 (matrix metalloprotease inhibitor), PP2 (Src inhibitor) or Tiron (superoxide scavenger). Superoxides 292-302 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 16-20 28153500-7 2017 The increase in EGFR and HER2 transactivation caused by ET-1 addition to NSCLC cells was inhibited by lapatinib (EGFR and HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)), gefitinib (EGFR TKI), ZD4054 or BQ-123 (ETAR antagonist), GM6001 (matrix metalloprotease inhibitor), PP2 (Src inhibitor) or Tiron (superoxide scavenger). Superoxides 292-302 erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2 Homo sapiens 25-29 28153500-7 2017 The increase in EGFR and HER2 transactivation caused by ET-1 addition to NSCLC cells was inhibited by lapatinib (EGFR and HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)), gefitinib (EGFR TKI), ZD4054 or BQ-123 (ETAR antagonist), GM6001 (matrix metalloprotease inhibitor), PP2 (Src inhibitor) or Tiron (superoxide scavenger). Superoxides 292-302 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 56-60 28063347-1 2017 Mycobacterium tuberculosis has distinctive ability to detoxify various microbicidal superoxides and hydroperoxides via a redox catalytic cycle involving thiol reductants of peroxiredoxin (Prx) and thioredoxin (Trx) systems which has conferred on it resistance against oxidative killing and survivability within host. Superoxides 84-95 thioredoxin Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv 197-208 28063347-1 2017 Mycobacterium tuberculosis has distinctive ability to detoxify various microbicidal superoxides and hydroperoxides via a redox catalytic cycle involving thiol reductants of peroxiredoxin (Prx) and thioredoxin (Trx) systems which has conferred on it resistance against oxidative killing and survivability within host. Superoxides 84-95 thioredoxin Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv 210-213 28299863-6 2017 Thus, these data suggest that DKK3 promotes cell survival during oxidative stress by suppressing the expression of the superoxide-producing enzyme XDH. Superoxides 119-129 dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 3 Homo sapiens 30-34 28250190-4 2017 Superoxide anion production and translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) and nuclear transcription factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) subunit p65 to the nucleus and the activation of their target genes were quantified.Results: Pretreatment of HUVECs with 1,25(OH)2D3 prevented the leptin-induced increase in superoxide anion production (P < 0.05). Superoxides 0-16 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 94-98 27889641-0 2017 Increased mitochondrial superoxide in the brain, but not periphery, sensitizes mice to angiotensin II-mediated hypertension. Superoxides 24-34 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 87-101 27889641-1 2017 Angiotensin II (AngII) elicits the production of superoxide (O2 -) from mitochondria in numerous cell types within peripheral organs and in the brain suggesting a role for mitochondrial-produced O2 - in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Superoxides 49-59 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 0-14 27889641-1 2017 Angiotensin II (AngII) elicits the production of superoxide (O2 -) from mitochondria in numerous cell types within peripheral organs and in the brain suggesting a role for mitochondrial-produced O2 - in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Superoxides 49-59 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 16-21 27889641-1 2017 Angiotensin II (AngII) elicits the production of superoxide (O2 -) from mitochondria in numerous cell types within peripheral organs and in the brain suggesting a role for mitochondrial-produced O2 - in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Superoxides 61-63 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 0-14 27889641-1 2017 Angiotensin II (AngII) elicits the production of superoxide (O2 -) from mitochondria in numerous cell types within peripheral organs and in the brain suggesting a role for mitochondrial-produced O2 - in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Superoxides 61-63 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 16-21 27889641-1 2017 Angiotensin II (AngII) elicits the production of superoxide (O2 -) from mitochondria in numerous cell types within peripheral organs and in the brain suggesting a role for mitochondrial-produced O2 - in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Superoxides 195-197 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 0-14 27889641-1 2017 Angiotensin II (AngII) elicits the production of superoxide (O2 -) from mitochondria in numerous cell types within peripheral organs and in the brain suggesting a role for mitochondrial-produced O2 - in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Superoxides 195-197 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 16-21 27889641-4 2017 Herein, we hypothesized that increased mitochondrial O2 - in the absence of pro-hypertensive stimuli, such as AngII, elevates baseline systemic mean arterial pressure (MAP), and that AngII-mediated hypertension is exacerbated in animals with increased mitochondrial O2 - levels. Superoxides 53-55 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 183-188 27889641-4 2017 Herein, we hypothesized that increased mitochondrial O2 - in the absence of pro-hypertensive stimuli, such as AngII, elevates baseline systemic mean arterial pressure (MAP), and that AngII-mediated hypertension is exacerbated in animals with increased mitochondrial O2 - levels. Superoxides 266-268 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 183-188 28032259-0 2017 Role of the NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase NQR and the cytochrome b AIR12 in controlling superoxide generation at the plasma membrane. Superoxides 89-99 plasma membrane ascorbate-reducible b-type cytochrome family protein Glycine max 68-73 28186992-4 2017 Bioinformatics analyses of these DEPs revealed that autophagy and several pathways associated with autophagy, such as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, p70S6K signaling, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)-mediated oxidative stress and superoxide radical degradation, were dysregulated. Superoxides 265-283 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 184-227 28039839-5 2017 The renal cortex of the LPS-treated rats showed: i) increased expression of inflammatory molecules (TNF-alpha, iNOS and IL-6); ii) activation of several steps of NF-kappaB pathway; iii) overexpression of TLR4, and iv) higher superoxide anion production and lipid peroxidation index in association with increased levels of gp91phox and p47phox (NOX2) and NOX4. Superoxides 225-241 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 204-208 28013172-5 2017 Treatment of roots with thenoyltrifluoroacetone, a non-competitive inhibitor of SDH, markedly reduced root growth and induced both superoxide and H2O2 production in a dose dependent manner. Superoxides 131-141 SDH Hordeum vulgare 80-83 28163078-2 2017 Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), an antioxidant enzyme acting within the mitochondria, converts toxic superoxide to hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 32-38 27920123-6 2017 Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of protein kinase B was increased in hIRECO EC as was Nox2 NADPH oxidase-dependent generation of superoxide, whereas insulin-stimulated and shear stress-stimulated eNOS activations were blunted. Superoxides 132-142 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 27920123-9 2017 CONCLUSIONS: Enhancing insulin sensitivity specifically in EC leads to a paradoxical decline in endothelial function, mediated by increased tyrosine phosphorylation of eNOS and excess Nox2-derived superoxide. Superoxides 197-207 insulin Homo sapiens 23-30 27920123-10 2017 Increased EC insulin sensitivity leads to a proatherosclerotic imbalance between NO and superoxide. Superoxides 88-98 insulin Homo sapiens 13-20 27920123-12 2017 This study demonstrates for the first time that increased endothelial insulin sensitivity leads to a proatherosclerotic imbalance between NO and superoxide. Superoxides 145-155 insulin Homo sapiens 70-77 27349771-1 2017 We investigated the responses of mice that are defective in the superoxide-scavenging enzyme SOD1 to thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatotoxicity. Superoxides 64-74 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 93-97 28366987-5 2017 Coexisting catalase in the reaction mixture, as a result, could increase O2 - generation. Superoxides 73-75 catalase Homo sapiens 11-19 28366987-6 2017 The catalase-exaggerated extracellular O2 - generation could give a harmful effect to living cells. Superoxides 39-41 catalase Homo sapiens 4-12 28025796-9 2017 Exogenous IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta enhanced superoxide, ROS, and XO in the PMNs of control and MB+PQ-treated rats; however, IFN- gamma was found to be the most potent inducer. Superoxides 54-64 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 21-30 28025796-9 2017 Exogenous IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta enhanced superoxide, ROS, and XO in the PMNs of control and MB+PQ-treated rats; however, IFN- gamma was found to be the most potent inducer. Superoxides 54-64 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 36-44 28228725-2 2017 The water-soluble CORM-A1 reduced apoptosis and NADPH oxidase (NOX)-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha/cycloheximide (CHX) in mouse MODE-K intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), without influencing TNF-alpha/CHX-induced mitochondrial superoxide anion ([Formula: see text]). Superoxides 279-295 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 117-138 27736201-12 2017 Interestingly, ET1-shRNA prevented cold-induced superoxide production and cardiac hypertrophy. Superoxides 48-58 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 15-18 28087333-5 2017 We demonstrate that the absence of NNT in 6J cells led to distinct mitochondrial bioenergetic profiles and a pro-oxidative mitochondrial phenotype characterized by increased superoxide production and reduced glutathione peroxidase activity. Superoxides 174-184 nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase Mus musculus 35-38 27907863-6 2017 The two complexes catalyze the dismutation of superoxide (superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity) and peroxide (catalase (CAT) activity) in basic medium. Superoxides 46-56 catalase Homo sapiens 109-117 27907863-6 2017 The two complexes catalyze the dismutation of superoxide (superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity) and peroxide (catalase (CAT) activity) in basic medium. Superoxides 46-56 catalase Homo sapiens 119-122 28235709-11 2017 CONCLUSIONS: LPC induced nNOS uncoupling and nNOSSer852 phosphorylation, reduced NO and H2O2 production and improved superoxide production by modulating ERK1/2 activity in human and murine endothelial cells. Superoxides 117-127 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 153-159 27649046-6 2017 Overall, the data show that the superoxide scavenger MnTBAP attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis by targeting VEGF and Wnt signaling pathways. Superoxides 32-42 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 121-125 28038454-5 2017 In addition, we explored the mechanism by which superoxide regulates the apoptotic effect of intense heat stress, and found that it involved Bcl-2 down-regulation through ubiquitin - proteasomal degradation. Superoxides 48-58 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 141-146 28038454-6 2017 Superoxide production also led to Bcl-2 dephosphorylation through inactivation of MAP kinase ERK1/2, which promoted Bcl-2 ubiquitination. Superoxides 0-10 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 34-39 28038454-6 2017 Superoxide production also led to Bcl-2 dephosphorylation through inactivation of MAP kinase ERK1/2, which promoted Bcl-2 ubiquitination. Superoxides 0-10 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 93-99 28038454-6 2017 Superoxide production also led to Bcl-2 dephosphorylation through inactivation of MAP kinase ERK1/2, which promoted Bcl-2 ubiquitination. Superoxides 0-10 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 116-121 28179303-1 2017 Tumor cells, in contrast to non-malignant cells, show sustained expression of membrane-associated NADPH oxidase-1 and therefore generate extracellular superoxide anions and their dismutation product H2O2 In order to prevent intercellular reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS)-dependent apoptosis-inducing signaling, tumor cells need to express membrane-associated catalase that interferes with HOCl and nitric oxide/peroxynitrite signaling. Superoxides 151-168 catalase Homo sapiens 386-394 28179303-2 2017 Catalase is attached to tumor cells through the activity of transglutaminase-2 and is prevented from superoxide anion-dependent inhibition through coexpression of membrane-associated superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 101-117 catalase Homo sapiens 0-8 27540894-5 2017 We observed that the level of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), an enzyme responsible for reducing superoxide radicals in mitochondria, was increased by RANKL. Superoxides 44-54 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 68-72 28013172-6 2017 Similar to results obtained in intact roots, Hg strongly inhibited SDH activity in the crude mitochondrial fraction and caused a considerable increase of superoxide production, which was markedly reduced by the competitive inhibitors of SDH. Superoxides 154-164 SDH Hordeum vulgare 237-240 28849474-9 2017 Superoxide anion production in activated PMN from CSAD KO homozygotes (HO) was not significantly different from wild-type (WT) with and without 25 mM taurine. Superoxides 0-16 cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase Mus musculus 50-54 26419261-4 2017 Superoxide anion production was assessed by the determination of the reduction of cytochrome c and iodonitrotetrazolium, lipid peroxidation (LPO), metallothioneins (MTs), and catalase (CAT) activity. Superoxides 0-16 catalase Rattus norvegicus 175-183 26419261-4 2017 Superoxide anion production was assessed by the determination of the reduction of cytochrome c and iodonitrotetrazolium, lipid peroxidation (LPO), metallothioneins (MTs), and catalase (CAT) activity. Superoxides 0-16 catalase Rattus norvegicus 185-188 28167915-9 2017 Superoxide generation in polymorphonuclear neutrophil cells were established using relative luminescence units (PMNs RLU) at baseline (pre-HPX) and immediately after hypoxia induction (post-HPX6). Superoxides 0-10 ladybird homeobox 1 Homo sapiens 190-194 28115850-9 2017 TLR4/NF-kappaB and Nrf2 pathways were upregulated with high-fat diet intake in mice, resulting in reduction of superoxide dismutase activity and increase in superoxide radical, H2O2, malondialdehyde, XO, XDH, and XO/XDH ratio. Superoxides 157-175 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 0-4 28115850-9 2017 TLR4/NF-kappaB and Nrf2 pathways were upregulated with high-fat diet intake in mice, resulting in reduction of superoxide dismutase activity and increase in superoxide radical, H2O2, malondialdehyde, XO, XDH, and XO/XDH ratio. Superoxides 157-175 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 5-14 28115850-9 2017 TLR4/NF-kappaB and Nrf2 pathways were upregulated with high-fat diet intake in mice, resulting in reduction of superoxide dismutase activity and increase in superoxide radical, H2O2, malondialdehyde, XO, XDH, and XO/XDH ratio. Superoxides 157-175 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 19-23 28452586-4 2017 Consistent with that, mice with adipocyte-specific deletion of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) exhibit increased adipocyte superoxide generation and are protected from weight gain and insulin resistance which otherwise develops in wild-type (WT) mice that consume an obesogenic diet. Superoxides 73-83 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 95-100 29047081-6 2017 In parallel with these different cellular sites of superoxide production, the three SOD isoforms are also specifically localized to the cytosol (SOD1), mitochondria (SOD2) or extracellular compartment (SOD3). Superoxides 51-61 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 84-87 29047081-6 2017 In parallel with these different cellular sites of superoxide production, the three SOD isoforms are also specifically localized to the cytosol (SOD1), mitochondria (SOD2) or extracellular compartment (SOD3). Superoxides 51-61 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 145-149 29047081-6 2017 In parallel with these different cellular sites of superoxide production, the three SOD isoforms are also specifically localized to the cytosol (SOD1), mitochondria (SOD2) or extracellular compartment (SOD3). Superoxides 51-61 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 202-206 28794327-5 2017 The current response at the Nafion /poly(FeT3ThP)-modified electrode exhibited good linearity in the O2- and NO concentration ranges 1.3 - 4.1, and 0.5 - 10 muM, respectively. Superoxides 101-103 latexin Homo sapiens 158-161 27247097-10 2017 We speculate that the uraemic state might serve to sensitize the central actions of other sympathoexcitatory factors, including renal afferent nerve inputs to the CNS and angiotensin II, by way of recruiting convergent superoxide-dependent and pro-inflammatory pathways. Superoxides 219-229 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 171-185 29062837-5 2017 Endothelin-1-induced NADPH oxidase-driven superoxide generation was measured by lucigenin chemiluminescence assays performed with BQ-123 or BQ-788. Superoxides 42-52 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-12 27757734-11 2017 Furthermore, CRT inhibition significantly blunted APN"s anti-oxidative action (evidenced by gp91phox expression and superoxide generation). Superoxides 116-126 calreticulin Mus musculus 13-16 27556956-6 2017 The production of superoxide anion in KO-Rtp801 MLF was lower than that in Rtp801 Wt cells after CSE treatment, and it was inhibited in Wt MLF by silencing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-4 (Nox4) expression with small interfering Nox4 RNA. Superoxides 18-34 DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4 Mus musculus 41-47 29062837-12 2017 We conclude that the NK1-mediated neurocompensatory response to balloon injury elicits a contractile hyperreactivity to endothelin-1 in rat contralateral carotid by enhancing the muscular ETB-mediated NADPH oxidase-driven generation of superoxide, which activates calcium channels. Superoxides 236-246 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 120-132 29350504-1 2017 Background/Aim: Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is the critical enzyme in the detoxification of superoxide radicals because those are the first species produced in the majority of biological free radical producing reactions. Superoxides 91-110 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 16-36 27737949-5 2017 In high glucose-exposed endothelial cells, metformin treatment and adenoviral overexpression of constitutively active AMPK downregulated mitochondrial superoxide, lowered levels of dynamin-related protein (Drp1) and its translocation into mitochondria, and prevented mitochondrial fragmentation. Superoxides 151-161 protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 2 catalytic subunit Mus musculus 118-122 28251103-5 2017 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is responsible for detoxification of superoxide anion and required for normal health and reproduction. Superoxides 64-80 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 28251103-5 2017 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is responsible for detoxification of superoxide anion and required for normal health and reproduction. Superoxides 64-80 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 28616625-5 2017 A major mechanism associated with the impairment of endothelial function with eNOS deficiency and a high fat diet appears to be related to increases in plasma IL-6 that serves to further reduce the bioavailability of NO either directly or indirectly via reductions in eNOS expression or activity and via increases in vascular superoxide. Superoxides 326-336 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 159-163 29350504-1 2017 Background/Aim: Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is the critical enzyme in the detoxification of superoxide radicals because those are the first species produced in the majority of biological free radical producing reactions. Superoxides 91-110 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 38-41 32263743-2 2016 Under nonpathogenic conditions, the natural enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) regulates the intracellular superoxide concentrations, but nearly all tumor tissues show reduced SOD levels. Superoxides 51-61 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 73-76 28442712-6 2016 Pre-treatment of HCASMC with Cu(II)ATSM protected against the pro-oxidant effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) by attenuating superoxide generation, apoptosis, proliferation and increases in intracellular calcium. Superoxides 124-134 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 85-99 28442712-6 2016 Pre-treatment of HCASMC with Cu(II)ATSM protected against the pro-oxidant effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) by attenuating superoxide generation, apoptosis, proliferation and increases in intracellular calcium. Superoxides 124-134 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 101-107 27941944-5 2016 We present EPR spin-trapping proof that: (i) EBN is an efficient probe for the analysis of glutathione thiyl radical (GS ); (ii) beta-cyclodextrins increase the kinetic stability of the spin-adduct EBN/ SG; and (iii) in aqueous solutions, EBN does not react with superoxide anion radical (O2- ) to form EBN/ OOH to any significant extent. Superoxides 263-287 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit Homo sapiens 45-48 27941944-5 2016 We present EPR spin-trapping proof that: (i) EBN is an efficient probe for the analysis of glutathione thiyl radical (GS ); (ii) beta-cyclodextrins increase the kinetic stability of the spin-adduct EBN/ SG; and (iii) in aqueous solutions, EBN does not react with superoxide anion radical (O2- ) to form EBN/ OOH to any significant extent. Superoxides 263-287 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit Homo sapiens 198-201 27941944-5 2016 We present EPR spin-trapping proof that: (i) EBN is an efficient probe for the analysis of glutathione thiyl radical (GS ); (ii) beta-cyclodextrins increase the kinetic stability of the spin-adduct EBN/ SG; and (iii) in aqueous solutions, EBN does not react with superoxide anion radical (O2- ) to form EBN/ OOH to any significant extent. Superoxides 263-287 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit Homo sapiens 198-201 27941944-5 2016 We present EPR spin-trapping proof that: (i) EBN is an efficient probe for the analysis of glutathione thiyl radical (GS ); (ii) beta-cyclodextrins increase the kinetic stability of the spin-adduct EBN/ SG; and (iii) in aqueous solutions, EBN does not react with superoxide anion radical (O2- ) to form EBN/ OOH to any significant extent. Superoxides 263-287 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit Homo sapiens 198-201 27941944-5 2016 We present EPR spin-trapping proof that: (i) EBN is an efficient probe for the analysis of glutathione thiyl radical (GS ); (ii) beta-cyclodextrins increase the kinetic stability of the spin-adduct EBN/ SG; and (iii) in aqueous solutions, EBN does not react with superoxide anion radical (O2- ) to form EBN/ OOH to any significant extent. Superoxides 289-291 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit Homo sapiens 45-48 27941944-5 2016 We present EPR spin-trapping proof that: (i) EBN is an efficient probe for the analysis of glutathione thiyl radical (GS ); (ii) beta-cyclodextrins increase the kinetic stability of the spin-adduct EBN/ SG; and (iii) in aqueous solutions, EBN does not react with superoxide anion radical (O2- ) to form EBN/ OOH to any significant extent. Superoxides 289-291 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit Homo sapiens 198-201 27941944-5 2016 We present EPR spin-trapping proof that: (i) EBN is an efficient probe for the analysis of glutathione thiyl radical (GS ); (ii) beta-cyclodextrins increase the kinetic stability of the spin-adduct EBN/ SG; and (iii) in aqueous solutions, EBN does not react with superoxide anion radical (O2- ) to form EBN/ OOH to any significant extent. Superoxides 289-291 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit Homo sapiens 198-201 27941944-5 2016 We present EPR spin-trapping proof that: (i) EBN is an efficient probe for the analysis of glutathione thiyl radical (GS ); (ii) beta-cyclodextrins increase the kinetic stability of the spin-adduct EBN/ SG; and (iii) in aqueous solutions, EBN does not react with superoxide anion radical (O2- ) to form EBN/ OOH to any significant extent. Superoxides 289-291 cholinergic receptor nicotinic alpha 4 subunit Homo sapiens 198-201 27756626-2 2016 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) has a great therapeutic potential by scavenging superoxide that is one of ROS; however, in vivo application is limited especially when it is orally administered. Superoxides 75-85 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 27756626-2 2016 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) has a great therapeutic potential by scavenging superoxide that is one of ROS; however, in vivo application is limited especially when it is orally administered. Superoxides 75-85 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 27756626-9 2016 SOD in ZAN (200:40) reduced the intracellular ROS level and it saved 88.9+-7.5% of Caco-2 cells from the toxic superoxide in 4 hours. Superoxides 111-121 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 28018948-4 2017 Both Fpr agonist and galectin-3 activated neutrophils to release superoxide. Superoxides 65-75 lectin, galactose binding, soluble 3 Mus musculus 21-31 27838438-0 2016 LRRC8A channels support TNFalpha-induced superoxide production by Nox1 which is required for receptor endocytosis. Superoxides 41-51 leucine rich repeat containing 8 VRAC subunit A Homo sapiens 0-6 27335373-7 2016 We demonstrate that Plg treatment of podocytes specifically upregulates NADPH oxidase isoforms NOX2/NOX4 and increases production of mitochondrial-dependent superoxide anion (O2-) that promotes endothelin-1 synthesis. Superoxides 157-173 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 194-206 27335373-7 2016 We demonstrate that Plg treatment of podocytes specifically upregulates NADPH oxidase isoforms NOX2/NOX4 and increases production of mitochondrial-dependent superoxide anion (O2-) that promotes endothelin-1 synthesis. Superoxides 175-177 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 194-206 27496206-1 2016 Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn], or SOD1, is a homo-dimeric protein that functions as an antioxidant by scavenging for superoxides. Superoxides 116-127 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-27 27496206-1 2016 Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn], or SOD1, is a homo-dimeric protein that functions as an antioxidant by scavenging for superoxides. Superoxides 116-127 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 33-37 27838438-0 2016 LRRC8A channels support TNFalpha-induced superoxide production by Nox1 which is required for receptor endocytosis. Superoxides 41-51 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 24-32 27838438-2 2016 In vascular smooth muscle cells, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) activates VRAC via type 1 TNFalpha receptors (TNFR1), and this requires superoxide (O2 -) production by NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1). Superoxides 144-154 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 33-60 27838438-2 2016 In vascular smooth muscle cells, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) activates VRAC via type 1 TNFalpha receptors (TNFR1), and this requires superoxide (O2 -) production by NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1). Superoxides 144-154 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 62-70 27838438-2 2016 In vascular smooth muscle cells, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) activates VRAC via type 1 TNFalpha receptors (TNFR1), and this requires superoxide (O2 -) production by NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1). Superoxides 156-158 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 33-60 27838438-2 2016 In vascular smooth muscle cells, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) activates VRAC via type 1 TNFalpha receptors (TNFR1), and this requires superoxide (O2 -) production by NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1). Superoxides 156-158 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 62-70 27841765-4 2016 Angiotensin II (Ang II) was shown to activate PVMs, causing them to produce superoxide and thereby alter the proper functioning of the adjacent arterioles. Superoxides 76-86 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-14 27838438-10 2016 Reducing JNK expression (siJNK) increased extracellular O2 - suggesting that JNK provides important negative feedback regulation to Nox1 at the plasma membrane. Superoxides 56-58 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 9-12 27838438-10 2016 Reducing JNK expression (siJNK) increased extracellular O2 - suggesting that JNK provides important negative feedback regulation to Nox1 at the plasma membrane. Superoxides 56-58 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 27-30 27841765-4 2016 Angiotensin II (Ang II) was shown to activate PVMs, causing them to produce superoxide and thereby alter the proper functioning of the adjacent arterioles. Superoxides 76-86 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 16-22 27090969-1 2016 We describe a Japanese man with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) associated with a p.Cys146Arg mutation in the copper/zinc superoxide dismutase gene (SOD1). Superoxides 135-145 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 162-166 28004421-3 2016 Furthermore, PMA- or fMLP-stimulated neutrophils from CBA/CaH mice generated much less superoxide and NETs than similarly stimulated neutrophils from BALB/c mice. Superoxides 87-97 peroneal muscular atrophy Mus musculus 13-17 28078256-3 2016 The degree of hydrolysis, emulsion capacity and stability, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, and superoxide radical scavenging activity of SPI were significantly increased, but the magnitudes of apparent viscosity, consistency index, and dynamic moduli (G", G"") of SPI were significantly decreased after the combined heating and enzymatic treatments. Superoxides 122-132 chromogranin A Homo sapiens 164-167 27585756-5 2016 Our results showed that in the LPS/IFNgamma-activated microglia TQ significantly decreased the cellular production of both superoxide and nitric oxide fourfold (p < 0.0001) and sixfold (p < 0.0001), respectfully. Superoxides 123-133 interferon gamma Mus musculus 35-43 27744119-6 2016 The superoxide scavengers superoxide dismutase and tempol, and the antioxidant apocynin, were able to avoid this enhanced contractility to angiotensin II in aortic rings from the S60 group. Superoxides 4-14 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 139-153 27965593-1 2016 The Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is an ubiquitary cytosolic dimeric carbohydrate free molecule, belonging to a family of isoenzymes involved in the scavenger of superoxide anions. Superoxides 166-183 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 32-36 27558805-2 2016 In contrast, NADPH cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (CYP450OR), catalyzes the 1-electron reduction of quinones and xenobiotics, resulting in enhanced superoxide formation. Superoxides 148-158 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Homo sapiens 19-49 27932980-5 2016 TNF-alpha markedly stimulated NADPH oxidase activation and ROS including superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production which were inhibited by pretreatment with a TNFR1 neutralizing antibody, APO, DPI or transfection with siRNA of TRAF2, ASK1, or p47 phox . Superoxides 73-83 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-9 28203527-13 2016 Taken together, our results suggest that superoxide, but not H2O2, via Sp3 up-regulates AT1R expression and function in the renal cells. Superoxides 41-51 Sp3 transcription factor Homo sapiens 71-74 27897222-10 2016 Therefore, our results demonstrate that gp91phox-derived superoxide is important for promoting efficient osteoclast differentiation by inducing NFATc1 as a downstream signaling mediator of RANK. Superoxides 57-67 nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin dependent 1 Mus musculus 144-150 27861632-4 2016 Exposure to mild hypoxia (5% O2) for 24h reduced cGMP content and induced retinal degeneration by caspase dependent and independent (PARP activation) mechanisms. Superoxides 29-31 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 133-137 28203527-0 2016 Superoxide increases angiotensin II AT1 receptor function in human kidney-2 cells. Superoxides 0-10 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 21-35 27558805-2 2016 In contrast, NADPH cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (CYP450OR), catalyzes the 1-electron reduction of quinones and xenobiotics, resulting in enhanced superoxide formation. Superoxides 148-158 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Homo sapiens 51-59 27558805-5 2016 In contrast, over-expression of NADPH cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (CYP450OR) resulted in enhanced redox cycling activity and decreased cellular viability, consistent with the enhanced generation of superoxide and H2O2. Superoxides 201-211 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Homo sapiens 38-68 27558805-5 2016 In contrast, over-expression of NADPH cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (CYP450OR) resulted in enhanced redox cycling activity and decreased cellular viability, consistent with the enhanced generation of superoxide and H2O2. Superoxides 201-211 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Homo sapiens 70-78 27847869-6 2016 This impairment increases the levels of superoxide and oxidative stress, which activate AKT via oxidative inactivation of the phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN). Superoxides 40-50 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 88-91 27380944-5 2016 Whilst, the exponential rise of O2(.-) is secondary to the focal accumulation of higher order lipid raft-Rac1/2-actin oligomers; O2(.-) mediated inactivation and redistribution of ECSOD, accounts for the minimal concentration of H2O2 that the phagocyte experiences. Superoxides 32-34 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 180-185 26990420-2 2016 Extracellular-superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is mainly produced by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), is secreted into the extracellular space, and protects cells from the damaging effects of the superoxide anion. Superoxides 198-214 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 0-34 26990420-2 2016 Extracellular-superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is mainly produced by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), is secreted into the extracellular space, and protects cells from the damaging effects of the superoxide anion. Superoxides 198-214 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 36-42 27670145-11 2016 The treatment improved vasorelaxing responses, reversed the vascular remodelling and abolished the effects of angiotensin II on the production of O2-. Superoxides 147-149 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 110-124 27544660-6 2016 UCP2 knockout mice revealed enhanced levels of mitochondrial superoxide in elderly animals. Superoxides 61-71 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 0-4 27380944-5 2016 Whilst, the exponential rise of O2(.-) is secondary to the focal accumulation of higher order lipid raft-Rac1/2-actin oligomers; O2(.-) mediated inactivation and redistribution of ECSOD, accounts for the minimal concentration of H2O2 that the phagocyte experiences. Superoxides 129-131 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 180-185 27687768-7 2016 Furthermore, superoxide anion scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) or NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor apocynin inhibited Ang II-induced activation of Akt and ERK1/2 signaling. Superoxides 13-29 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 143-146 27245461-9 2016 EP4-receptor silencing in primary VSMCs abolished PGE2 inhibition of AngII-induced Nox2 mRNA and superoxide production. Superoxides 97-107 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 69-74 27649793-6 2016 It was found that IRW treatment could attenuate Ang II-stimulated proliferation, superoxide production, and inflammation in VSMCs. Superoxides 81-91 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 48-54 27362287-3 2016 Here we tested the hypothesis that IRI modulates renal afferent arteriolar responses to Ang II via increasing superoxide (O2-) or hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). Superoxides 110-120 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 88-94 27362287-3 2016 Here we tested the hypothesis that IRI modulates renal afferent arteriolar responses to Ang II via increasing superoxide (O2-) or hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ). Superoxides 122-124 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 88-94 27442448-0 2016 NADPH oxidase-produced superoxide mediated a 50-Hz magnetic field-induced epidermal growth factor receptor clustering. Superoxides 23-33 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 74-106 27442448-9 2016 CONCLUSIONS: Nox-produced superoxide mediated a 50-Hz magnetic field-induced EGFR clustering. Superoxides 26-36 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 77-81 26918530-5 2016 Leptin increased superoxide anion (O2 ( ) -) generation from NADPH oxidase (via PI3 K/Akt pathway), NOX2 expression and nitrotyrosine levels. Superoxides 17-33 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 86-89 27297082-1 2016 Previous reports indicate that overexpression of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), an intracellular superoxide (O2 ( -) ) scavenging enzyme, in the brain subfornical organ improves cardiac function in a mouse model of heart failure (HF). Superoxides 61-71 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 83-90 27297082-1 2016 Previous reports indicate that overexpression of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), an intracellular superoxide (O2 ( -) ) scavenging enzyme, in the brain subfornical organ improves cardiac function in a mouse model of heart failure (HF). Superoxides 122-126 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 83-90 27567024-1 2016 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD or SOD3) protects against various oxidative stress-related diseases by scavenging reactive superoxides in the extracellular space. Superoxides 134-145 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 36-42 27567024-1 2016 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD or SOD3) protects against various oxidative stress-related diseases by scavenging reactive superoxides in the extracellular space. Superoxides 134-145 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 46-50 27453505-0 2016 Superoxide induces Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in a TLR-4 and NOX-dependent mechanism. Superoxides 0-10 signal sequence receptor, delta Mus musculus 44-48 27453505-0 2016 Superoxide induces Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation in a TLR-4 and NOX-dependent mechanism. Superoxides 0-10 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 64-69 27453505-5 2016 We hypothesize that superoxide induces NET formation through a signaling cascade involving Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and neutrophil NADPH Oxidase (NOX). Superoxides 20-30 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 91-111 27453505-5 2016 We hypothesize that superoxide induces NET formation through a signaling cascade involving Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and neutrophil NADPH Oxidase (NOX). Superoxides 20-30 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 113-118 27453505-6 2016 We treated neutrophils with extracellular superoxide and observed NET DNA release, histone H3 citrullination, and increased levels of MPO-DNA complexes occurring in a TLR-4 dependent manner. Superoxides 42-52 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 167-172 27453505-10 2016 Our study demonstrates a requirement for TLR-4 and NOX in superoxide-induced NETs, and suggests involvement of superoxide-induced NETs in pathophysiologic settings. Superoxides 58-68 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 41-46 27614387-9 2016 Production of hydrogen peroxide or superoxide after knockout could be rescued with either human or rat p22phox, but not with the DUOX-maturation factors DUOXA1/A2. Superoxides 35-45 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Rattus norvegicus 103-110 27687768-7 2016 Furthermore, superoxide anion scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) or NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor apocynin inhibited Ang II-induced activation of Akt and ERK1/2 signaling. Superoxides 13-29 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Homo sapiens 151-157 27317946-5 2016 Myocardial expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a major pro-inflammatory cytokine that causes cardiac dysfunction, was upregulated in mice with endotoxemia, which was accompanied by increases in NOX2 expression, superoxide generation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Superoxides 230-240 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 25-52 27503855-4 2016 The activated FFA2R induced superoxide anion secretion at a low level in naive blood neutrophils. Superoxides 28-44 free fatty acid receptor 2 Homo sapiens 14-19 27540115-4 2016 Superoxide (O2 ( -)) production induced by angiotensin II (AngII) was absent in mouse EBP50 KO VSMC vs. WT. Superoxides 0-10 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 43-57 27540115-4 2016 Superoxide (O2 ( -)) production induced by angiotensin II (AngII) was absent in mouse EBP50 KO VSMC vs. WT. Superoxides 0-10 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 59-64 27540115-4 2016 Superoxide (O2 ( -)) production induced by angiotensin II (AngII) was absent in mouse EBP50 KO VSMC vs. WT. Superoxides 12-14 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 43-57 27540115-4 2016 Superoxide (O2 ( -)) production induced by angiotensin II (AngII) was absent in mouse EBP50 KO VSMC vs. WT. Superoxides 12-14 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 59-64 27540115-5 2016 Moreover, ex vivo incubation of aortas with AngII showed a significant increase in O2 ( -) in WT but not EBP50 or Nox1 nulls. Superoxides 83-85 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 44-49 27474077-6 2016 Conversely, IFN-gamma synthesis and IL-12R synthesis were rescued by the addition of exogenous superoxide via the paramagnetic superoxide donor potassium dioxide or superoxide-sufficient dendritic cells. Superoxides 95-105 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 12-21 27474077-6 2016 Conversely, IFN-gamma synthesis and IL-12R synthesis were rescued by the addition of exogenous superoxide via the paramagnetic superoxide donor potassium dioxide or superoxide-sufficient dendritic cells. Superoxides 127-137 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 12-21 27474077-6 2016 Conversely, IFN-gamma synthesis and IL-12R synthesis were rescued by the addition of exogenous superoxide via the paramagnetic superoxide donor potassium dioxide or superoxide-sufficient dendritic cells. Superoxides 127-137 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 12-21 29938962-5 2016 However, only the region containing FPDW 121-124 on Nef is able to induce superoxide production. Superoxides 74-84 S100 calcium binding protein B Homo sapiens 52-55 27317946-5 2016 Myocardial expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a major pro-inflammatory cytokine that causes cardiac dysfunction, was upregulated in mice with endotoxemia, which was accompanied by increases in NOX2 expression, superoxide generation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Superoxides 230-240 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 54-63 27317946-8 2016 Additionally, pretreatment with ginseng extract inhibited superoxide generation, ERK1/2 phosphorylation and TNF-alpha expression induced by LPS in cultured cardiomyocytes. Superoxides 58-68 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 140-143 27432987-3 2016 Arabidopsis thaliana SAL1 (AtSAL1) senses changes in photosynthetic redox poise, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide concentrations in chloroplasts via redox regulatory mechanisms. Superoxides 104-114 SAL1 phosphatase-like protein Arabidopsis thaliana 21-25 27456244-2 2016 To counter this, the RAS also consists of peptides and receptors which increase nitric oxide release from the endothelium and decrease nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-related superoxide production. Superoxides 195-205 dual oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 135-186 27391159-6 2016 Consistent with the in vivo evidence, we show that increased levels of O2.- induced by gelsolin overexpression triggers the secretion of uPA. Superoxides 71-73 plasminogen activator, urokinase Homo sapiens 137-140 27364911-6 2016 FGF21 inhibited Ang II-enhanced ROS production/superoxide anion levels, rescued the Ang II-reduced Complex IV and citrate synthase activities, and suppressed the Ang II-induced meprin protein expression. Superoxides 47-63 fibroblast growth factor 21 Homo sapiens 0-5 27432987-3 2016 Arabidopsis thaliana SAL1 (AtSAL1) senses changes in photosynthetic redox poise, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide concentrations in chloroplasts via redox regulatory mechanisms. Superoxides 104-114 SAL1 phosphatase-like protein Arabidopsis thaliana 27-33 27212019-8 2016 Both compounds reached in vivo CNS concentrations compatible with NOX inhibition and thioridazine significantly decreased superoxide levels in the spinal cord of SOD1(G93A) mice in vivo. Superoxides 122-132 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 162-166 27301358-8 2016 These effects were minimized in Apoe(-/-)/Cyp1b1(+/+) mice treated with TMS and in Apoe(-/-)/Cyp1b1(-/-) mice and by concurrent treatment with the superoxide scavenger 4-hydroxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl. Superoxides 147-157 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 32-36 26659944-4 2016 We examined the relationship between AngII-mediated hypertension and the cellular distribution of the superoxide generating NADPH oxidase (NOX) in AVP-expressing hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) neurons in "menopausal" female mice. Superoxides 102-112 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 37-42 27262612-3 2016 Remarkably, the CPDs arising in the dark originate by a novel pathway that resembles bioluminescence but does not end in light: First, UV activates the enzymes nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and NADPH oxidase (NOX), which generate the radicals nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O2(-)); these combine to form the powerful oxidant peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)). Superoxides 263-273 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 160-181 27262612-3 2016 Remarkably, the CPDs arising in the dark originate by a novel pathway that resembles bioluminescence but does not end in light: First, UV activates the enzymes nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and NADPH oxidase (NOX), which generate the radicals nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O2(-)); these combine to form the powerful oxidant peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)). Superoxides 275-277 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 160-181 27168055-7 2016 Patient pre-treatment baseline, unstimulated neutrophil superoxide release showed a significant, positive correlation with plasma CRP concentration (p = 0.01). Superoxides 56-66 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 130-133 27168055-9 2016 The positive, pre-therapy relationship between unstimulated neutrophil superoxide release and plasma CRP is consistent with a protective role for CRP in reducing oxidative stress and systemic inflammation in vivo. Superoxides 71-81 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 101-104 27443965-5 2016 vWF silencing prevented AngII-induced increase in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) activity and superoxide anion (O2-) levels, known triggers of ET-1 expression. Superoxides 129-145 von Willebrand factor Homo sapiens 0-3 27443965-5 2016 vWF silencing prevented AngII-induced increase in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) activity and superoxide anion (O2-) levels, known triggers of ET-1 expression. Superoxides 147-149 von Willebrand factor Homo sapiens 0-3 27443965-8 2016 In conclusion, endothelial vWF knockdown prevented Ang II-induced ET-1 upregulation through attenuation of NOX-mediated O2- production. Superoxides 120-122 von Willebrand factor Homo sapiens 27-30 27443965-8 2016 In conclusion, endothelial vWF knockdown prevented Ang II-induced ET-1 upregulation through attenuation of NOX-mediated O2- production. Superoxides 120-122 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 51-57 27090160-9 2016 Knockdown of CPEB using intrathecal AS-ODN, reduced the up-regulated mitochondrial superoxide in the spinal dorsal horn in rats with gp120 combined with ddC. Superoxides 83-93 cytoplasmic polyadenylation element binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 13-17 27210108-1 2016 Controlled endothelial delivery of SOD may alleviate abnormal local surplus of superoxide involved in ischemia-reperfusion, inflammation and other disease conditions. Superoxides 79-89 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 35-38 27210108-2 2016 Targeting SOD to endothelial surface vs. intracellular compartments is desirable to prevent pathological effects of external vs. endogenous superoxide, respectively. Superoxides 140-150 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 10-13 27210108-3 2016 Thus, SOD conjugated with antibodies to cell adhesion molecule PECAM (Ab/SOD) inhibits pro-inflammatory signaling mediated by endogenous superoxide produced in the endothelial endosomes in response to cytokines. Superoxides 137-147 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 6-9 27210108-3 2016 Thus, SOD conjugated with antibodies to cell adhesion molecule PECAM (Ab/SOD) inhibits pro-inflammatory signaling mediated by endogenous superoxide produced in the endothelial endosomes in response to cytokines. Superoxides 137-147 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 73-76 27210108-5 2016 Ab/SOD enlargement from about 100 to 300nm enhanced amount of cell-bound SOD and protection against extracellular superoxide. Superoxides 114-124 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 3-6 27210108-9 2016 ICAM-targeted Ab/SOD more effectively mitigated inflammatory signaling by intracellular superoxide in vitro and in animal models, although total uptake was inferior to that of PECAM-targeted Ab/SOD. Superoxides 88-98 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 27106041-6 2016 In relation to mechanisms, effects of Ang II in SOCS3(+/-) mice were prevented by inhibitors of STAT3, IL-6, NF-kappaB, or superoxide. Superoxides 123-133 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 38-44 27118175-9 2016 In summary, these findings suggest that the increased superoxide anion generation in carotid arteries from diabetic rats associated to the increased local nitric oxide synthases expression and activity induced by acute restrain stress were responsible for exacerbating the local formation of peroxynitrite and the contraction induced by angiotensin II. Superoxides 54-70 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 337-351 26981929-3 2016 Copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is a primary antioxidative enzyme that scavenges superoxide anion radicals. Superoxides 89-114 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 34-38 27184745-4 2016 Endothelial dysfunction is linked to eNOS uncoupling, which consists of a switch from the generation of NO to the generation of superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 128-145 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 37-41 27187852-3 2016 In the present study, we investigated whether macrophages of individuals with hypertension show higher nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-derived superoxide anion production compared with normotensive individuals. Superoxides 163-179 dual oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 103-154 27050287-2 2016 Stimulated neutrophils activate their NADPH oxidase (NOX2) to generate large amounts of superoxide, which acts as a precursor of hydrogen peroxide and other reactive oxygen species that are generated by their heme enzyme myeloperoxidase. Superoxides 88-98 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 221-236 27050287-4 2016 The superoxide dismutates to hydrogen peroxide, which is used by myeloperoxidase to generate other oxidants, including the highly microbicidal species hypochlorous acid. Superoxides 4-14 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 65-80 27130034-0 2016 Iron-sulfur cluster damage by the superoxide radical in neural tissues of the SOD1(G93A) ALS rat model. Superoxides 34-44 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 78-82 27130034-9 2016 These results suggest that the superoxide anion may be the cause of the observed oxidative damage to SOD1(G93A) rat neural tissues and that the iron-sulfur clusters may be the source of poorly liganded redox active iron implicated in ALS pathogenesis. Superoxides 31-47 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 101-105 26844974-0 2016 ET-1 Stimulates Superoxide Production by eNOS Following Exposure of Vascular Endothelial Cells to Endotoxin. Superoxides 16-26 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 27033009-1 2016 To calculate superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity rapidly and accurately by indirect SOD assays, a formula based on the ratio of the catalytic speed of SOD to the reaction speed of the indicator with superoxide anion was deduced. Superoxides 199-215 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 13-33 27033009-1 2016 To calculate superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity rapidly and accurately by indirect SOD assays, a formula based on the ratio of the catalytic speed of SOD to the reaction speed of the indicator with superoxide anion was deduced. Superoxides 199-215 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 35-38 27033009-1 2016 To calculate superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity rapidly and accurately by indirect SOD assays, a formula based on the ratio of the catalytic speed of SOD to the reaction speed of the indicator with superoxide anion was deduced. Superoxides 199-215 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 84-87 27033009-1 2016 To calculate superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity rapidly and accurately by indirect SOD assays, a formula based on the ratio of the catalytic speed of SOD to the reaction speed of the indicator with superoxide anion was deduced. Superoxides 199-215 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 84-87 26592435-8 2016 Superoxide was increased significantly in PCLS, and Tiron and mito-Tempo dramatically attenuated the response, preventing claudin-4 and claudin-7 dissociation from ZO-1. Superoxides 0-10 claudin 4 Rattus norvegicus 122-131 26983705-2 2016 Resting neutrophils become primed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), and primed neutrophils generate O2 (-) in response to fMLP or adhesion, respectively. Superoxides 145-147 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 167-171 26592435-8 2016 Superoxide was increased significantly in PCLS, and Tiron and mito-Tempo dramatically attenuated the response, preventing claudin-4 and claudin-7 dissociation from ZO-1. Superoxides 0-10 claudin 7 Rattus norvegicus 136-145 27215203-7 2016 The generation of superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals were detected by the cytochrome c reduction assay and the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay. Superoxides 18-35 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 79-91 26901385-1 2016 The extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3, EC-SOD) enzyme is a major extracellular scavenger of the superoxide anion, a free radical with the potential to cause oxidative damage. Superoxides 103-119 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 40-44 26901385-1 2016 The extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3, EC-SOD) enzyme is a major extracellular scavenger of the superoxide anion, a free radical with the potential to cause oxidative damage. Superoxides 103-119 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 46-52 26988296-10 2016 Moreover, (pro)renin receptor expression and local Ang II production were upregulated in skeletal muscle from MI and were attenuated in MI+Aliskiren mice, in tandem with a decrease in superoxide production and NAD(P)H oxidase activities. Superoxides 184-194 ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal accessory protein 2 Mus musculus 15-29 27140632-6 2016 Both H2S and, remarkably, kri-1-dependent ROS are required for the life extension produced by low levels of the superoxide-generator paraquat and by a mutation that inhibits respiration. Superoxides 112-122 FERM domain-containing protein Caenorhabditis elegans 26-31 26873938-8 2016 IFN-gamma ex vivo caused significant endothelial dysfunction, which was reduced by superoxide anion scavenging. Superoxides 83-99 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 0-9 27064285-5 2016 In human grafts, chronic insulin resistance decreased antioxidant enzyme expression and increased superoxide and amyloid formation. Superoxides 98-108 insulin Homo sapiens 25-32 27071400-6 2016 Knockdown of Sirt3 in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) increased intracellular mitochondrial superoxide accumulation, as assessed by electron spin resonance spectroscopy and fluorescence imaging. Superoxides 98-108 sirtuin 3 Homo sapiens 13-18 26898144-5 2016 IDH2 knockdown decreased the expression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes I, II and III, which lead to increased mitochondrial superoxide. Superoxides 155-165 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 26719020-1 2016 BACKGROUND & AIMS: Myeloperoxidase exocytosis and production of hydrogen peroxide via the neutrophil superoxide-generating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase contribute to efficient elimination of bacteria. Superoxides 105-115 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 23-38 26908299-9 2016 Further, in cultured human aortic endothelial cells, high glucose levels (30 mmol/l) over 5 days significantly increased superoxide production which was inhibited by downregulation of MRP1 via siRNA. Superoxides 121-131 ATP binding cassette subfamily C member 1 Homo sapiens 184-188 27152019-5 2016 Further analyses revealed that in leaf epidermal cells, XDH1 likely functions as an oxidase, along with the NADPH oxidases RbohD and RbohF, to generate superoxide, which is dismutated into H2O2 The resulting enrichment of H2O2 in the fungal haustorial complex within infected epidermal cells helps to constrain the haustorium, thereby contributing to RPW8-dependent and RPW8-independent powdery mildew resistance. Superoxides 152-162 xanthine dehydrogenase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 56-60 26896748-5 2016 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (DMNQ), a superoxide generating agent, mimicked high glucose-suppressed SIRT2 and SIRT6 expression. Superoxides 43-53 sirtuin 6 Mus musculus 115-120 25809076-4 2016 As eNOS produces nitric oxide (NO) and NAD(P)Hoxidase produces superoxide anions (O2 (-) , quenching NO) we propose that the eNOS/NAD(P)Hoxidase protein ratio is a marker of vasodilator capacity. Superoxides 82-84 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 3-7 27148058-4 2016 Both in I/R rats and hypoxia/reoxygenation H9C2 cells, ALDH2 activation suppressed phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin expression, regulating mitophagy, by preventing 4-hydroxynonenal, reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide accumulation. Superoxides 263-273 aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 family, member A1 Rattus norvegicus 55-60 25809076-4 2016 As eNOS produces nitric oxide (NO) and NAD(P)Hoxidase produces superoxide anions (O2 (-) , quenching NO) we propose that the eNOS/NAD(P)Hoxidase protein ratio is a marker of vasodilator capacity. Superoxides 63-80 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 125-129 25809076-4 2016 As eNOS produces nitric oxide (NO) and NAD(P)Hoxidase produces superoxide anions (O2 (-) , quenching NO) we propose that the eNOS/NAD(P)Hoxidase protein ratio is a marker of vasodilator capacity. Superoxides 82-84 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 125-129 27079272-2 2016 While hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) affects Ca(2+)-activated CaMKII in vitro, Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced CaMKIIdelta signaling in cardiomyocytes is Ca(2+) independent and requires NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide, but not its dismutation product H2O2. Superoxides 202-212 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 73-87 26769958-8 2016 The superoxide anion scavenger decreased hypoxia-induced Fas ligand, Fas death receptors, Fas-associated death domain (FADD), activated caspase-8, and activated caspase-3 (Fas-dependent apoptotic pathway) as well as Bad, activated caspase-9 and activated caspase-3 (mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway), endonuclease G (EndoG), apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), and TUNEL-positive apoptosis. Superoxides 4-20 caspase 9 Rattus norvegicus 231-240 26769958-8 2016 The superoxide anion scavenger decreased hypoxia-induced Fas ligand, Fas death receptors, Fas-associated death domain (FADD), activated caspase-8, and activated caspase-3 (Fas-dependent apoptotic pathway) as well as Bad, activated caspase-9 and activated caspase-3 (mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway), endonuclease G (EndoG), apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), and TUNEL-positive apoptosis. Superoxides 4-20 endonuclease G Rattus norvegicus 309-323 26769958-8 2016 The superoxide anion scavenger decreased hypoxia-induced Fas ligand, Fas death receptors, Fas-associated death domain (FADD), activated caspase-8, and activated caspase-3 (Fas-dependent apoptotic pathway) as well as Bad, activated caspase-9 and activated caspase-3 (mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway), endonuclease G (EndoG), apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), and TUNEL-positive apoptosis. Superoxides 4-20 endonuclease G Rattus norvegicus 325-330 26769958-9 2016 The superoxide anion scavenger increased IGF-1, IGF-1R, p-PI3k, p-Akt, p-Bad, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL (survival pathway). Superoxides 4-20 BCL2, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 78-83 27079272-2 2016 While hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) affects Ca(2+)-activated CaMKII in vitro, Angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced CaMKIIdelta signaling in cardiomyocytes is Ca(2+) independent and requires NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide, but not its dismutation product H2O2. Superoxides 202-212 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 89-95 27079272-9 2016 The requirement for ONOO(-) in transducing Ang II signaling identifies ONOO(-), which has been viewed as a reactive damaging byproduct of superoxide and nitric oxide, as a mediator of GPCR-CaMKII signaling. Superoxides 138-148 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 43-49 26840531-5 2016 Moreover, Tf-NGO@HPIP effectively induced cancer-cell apoptosis through activation of superoxide-mediated p53 and MAPK pathways along with inactivation of ERK and AKT. Superoxides 86-96 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 106-109 26840531-5 2016 Moreover, Tf-NGO@HPIP effectively induced cancer-cell apoptosis through activation of superoxide-mediated p53 and MAPK pathways along with inactivation of ERK and AKT. Superoxides 86-96 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 114-118 26840531-5 2016 Moreover, Tf-NGO@HPIP effectively induced cancer-cell apoptosis through activation of superoxide-mediated p53 and MAPK pathways along with inactivation of ERK and AKT. Superoxides 86-96 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 155-158 26840531-5 2016 Moreover, Tf-NGO@HPIP effectively induced cancer-cell apoptosis through activation of superoxide-mediated p53 and MAPK pathways along with inactivation of ERK and AKT. Superoxides 86-96 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 163-166 26922123-1 2016 Previous studies have demonstrated that intramedullary inhibition of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) increases the blood pressure and superoxide production response to angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion. Superoxides 126-136 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 69-85 26922123-1 2016 Previous studies have demonstrated that intramedullary inhibition of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) increases the blood pressure and superoxide production response to angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion. Superoxides 126-136 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 87-91 26922123-1 2016 Previous studies have demonstrated that intramedullary inhibition of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) increases the blood pressure and superoxide production response to angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion. Superoxides 126-136 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 160-174 26922123-1 2016 Previous studies have demonstrated that intramedullary inhibition of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) increases the blood pressure and superoxide production response to angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion. Superoxides 126-136 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 176-182 26922123-2 2016 The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that increased renal medullary superoxide production contributes to the increase in blood pressure in response to blockade of renal medullary HO-1 in Ang II-induced hypertension. Superoxides 85-95 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 196-200 26922123-2 2016 The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that increased renal medullary superoxide production contributes to the increase in blood pressure in response to blockade of renal medullary HO-1 in Ang II-induced hypertension. Superoxides 85-95 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 204-210 26922123-8 2016 Renal medullary superoxide production in Ang II-treated mice was significantly increased by infusion of QC-13 alone. Superoxides 16-26 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 41-47 26922123-12 2016 These results demonstrate that renal medullary interstitial blockade of HO-1 exacerbates Ang II-induced hypertension via a mechanism that is dependent on enhanced superoxide generation and highlight the important antioxidant function of HO-1 in the renal medulla. Superoxides 163-173 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 72-76 26922123-12 2016 These results demonstrate that renal medullary interstitial blockade of HO-1 exacerbates Ang II-induced hypertension via a mechanism that is dependent on enhanced superoxide generation and highlight the important antioxidant function of HO-1 in the renal medulla. Superoxides 163-173 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 89-95 26778209-3 2016 METHODS AND RESULTS: Angiotensin II (100 nM, 8 h) induced dysfunction, characterized by suppressed nitric oxide availability (85 +- 4% p<0.05) and increased superoxide production (136 +- 5 %, p<0.001). Superoxides 160-170 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 21-35 26882290-8 2016 The results of antioxidant assays indicated that Pc1, Pc2 and Pc3 compounds have remarkable superoxide radical scavenging activities, moderate 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl activities and metal chelating effect activities. Superoxides 92-110 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 Bos taurus 49-52 26882290-8 2016 The results of antioxidant assays indicated that Pc1, Pc2 and Pc3 compounds have remarkable superoxide radical scavenging activities, moderate 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl activities and metal chelating effect activities. Superoxides 92-110 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 2 Bos taurus 54-57 26882290-8 2016 The results of antioxidant assays indicated that Pc1, Pc2 and Pc3 compounds have remarkable superoxide radical scavenging activities, moderate 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl activities and metal chelating effect activities. Superoxides 92-110 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 Bos taurus 62-65 26882290-9 2016 All the experimental studies showed that Pc1, Pc2 and Pc3 compounds bind to CT-DNA via minor groove binding, cleave of supercoiled pBR322 DNA via photocleavage pathway, inhibit topoisomerase I and have remarkable superoxide radical scavenging activities. Superoxides 213-223 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 Bos taurus 41-44 26882290-9 2016 All the experimental studies showed that Pc1, Pc2 and Pc3 compounds bind to CT-DNA via minor groove binding, cleave of supercoiled pBR322 DNA via photocleavage pathway, inhibit topoisomerase I and have remarkable superoxide radical scavenging activities. Superoxides 213-223 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 2 Bos taurus 46-49 26882290-9 2016 All the experimental studies showed that Pc1, Pc2 and Pc3 compounds bind to CT-DNA via minor groove binding, cleave of supercoiled pBR322 DNA via photocleavage pathway, inhibit topoisomerase I and have remarkable superoxide radical scavenging activities. Superoxides 213-223 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 Bos taurus 54-57 26778209-5 2016 Quercetin (3 muM, 8 h) prevented angiotensin II induced changes in nitric oxide and superoxide levels, but no effect upon nitric oxide or superoxide in control cells. Superoxides 84-94 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 33-47 26778209-8 2016 CONCLUSION: Physiologically obtainable quercetin concentrations are capable of ameliorating angiotensin II-induced endothelial nitric oxide and superoxide imbalance via protein kinase C-independent restoration of p47(phox) gene and protein expression. Superoxides 144-154 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 92-106 26930130-9 2016 In this process, the Met residues are partially oxidized to sulfoxide; this ability to scavenge superoxide may play a role in the proposed antioxidant properties of PrP(C). Superoxides 96-106 prion protein Homo sapiens 165-171 26928315-11 2016 In conclusion, NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide elevated expression of MMP-9, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1, and these interactions can finally result in increases of BBB permeability in MOG35-55+CFA+PTX-exposed endothelial cells. Superoxides 37-47 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 90-96 26781513-5 2016 Ourin vitrostudy revealed a well-defined POD concentration of DOX below which adaptive induction of proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) -mediated mitochondrial genes, including NRF-1, MnSOD, UCP2, and COX1, concurred with negligible changes in mitochondrial superoxide and cytotoxicity. Superoxides 292-302 PPARG coactivator 1 alpha Homo sapiens 158-168 26943326-4 2016 Treatment of HK-2 cells with ANG II increases the production of superoxide (O2 -), nitric oxide ( NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) expression, peroxynitrite (ONOO-) and mitochondrial dysfunction. Superoxides 64-74 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 29-35 26943326-4 2016 Treatment of HK-2 cells with ANG II increases the production of superoxide (O2 -), nitric oxide ( NO), inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) expression, peroxynitrite (ONOO-) and mitochondrial dysfunction. Superoxides 76-78 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 29-35 26754589-6 2016 Compared to the WT mice, a significant decrease in the relative viability along with a significant increase in LDH release and mitochondrial superoxide production were detected in MT-I/II KO mice(P<0.05). Superoxides 141-151 metallothionein 1 Mus musculus 180-190 26754589-0 2016 Propylthiouracil, Perchlorate, and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Modulate High Concentrations of Iodide Instigated Mitochondrial Superoxide Production in the Thyroids of Metallothionein I/II Knockout Mice. Superoxides 127-137 metallothionein 1 Mus musculus 168-185 26912083-3 2016 Antioxidant enzymes, such as extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), in the extracellular matrix (ECM) neutralize the toxicity of superoxide. Superoxides 43-53 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 65-71 26862035-12 2016 Cilostazol was also demonstrated to partially reduced the angII-induced increase in superoxide production. Superoxides 84-94 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 58-63 26768586-10 2016 Over-expression of p53 suppressed the inhibitory effects of GB on NOX4 and p66(shc) expression and superoxide generation and the protective effects of GB on loss of cell viability and apoptosis associated with cisplatin. Superoxides 99-109 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 19-22 26799113-0 2016 Oxygen Activation by Co(II) and a Redox Non-Innocent Ligand: Spectroscopic Characterization of a Radical-Co(II)-Superoxide Complex with Divergent Catalytic Reactivity. Superoxides 112-122 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 21-27 26799113-0 2016 Oxygen Activation by Co(II) and a Redox Non-Innocent Ligand: Spectroscopic Characterization of a Radical-Co(II)-Superoxide Complex with Divergent Catalytic Reactivity. Superoxides 112-122 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 105-111 26657039-5 2016 SOD 1 is a powerful antioxidant enzyme that protects cells from the damaging effects of superoxide radicals. Superoxides 88-98 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 26768586-12 2016 GB significantly increased miR214 expression and inhibition of miR214 suppressed the inhibitory effects of GB on p53, NOX4 and p66(shc) expression and superoxide generation and the protective effects of GB against cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity. Superoxides 151-161 microRNA 214 Homo sapiens 63-69 26768586-13 2016 We demonstrate that GB decreases superoxide generation and the subsequent apoptosis through reduction of p53-mediated NOX4/p66(shc) pathway via up-regulation of miR214, resulting in attenuation of cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity. Superoxides 33-43 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 105-108 26768586-13 2016 We demonstrate that GB decreases superoxide generation and the subsequent apoptosis through reduction of p53-mediated NOX4/p66(shc) pathway via up-regulation of miR214, resulting in attenuation of cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity. Superoxides 33-43 microRNA 214 Homo sapiens 161-167 26616244-2 2016 We recently showed that mice with a mutation in the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Peptidase 2-like (Immp2l) gene had elevated levels of mitochondrial superoxide, impaired fertility and age-associated phenotypes, including kyphosis and ataxia. Superoxides 149-159 IMP2 inner mitochondrial membrane peptidase-like (S. cerevisiae) Mus musculus 52-97 26616244-2 2016 We recently showed that mice with a mutation in the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane Peptidase 2-like (Immp2l) gene had elevated levels of mitochondrial superoxide, impaired fertility and age-associated phenotypes, including kyphosis and ataxia. Superoxides 149-159 IMP2 inner mitochondrial membrane peptidase-like (S. cerevisiae) Mus musculus 99-105 26881470-3 2016 The intermediate product O2 - from the hydrolysis of metal superoxides is converted by cytochrome c to O2 and by superoxide dismutase (SOD) to 1/2 mol O2 and 1/2 mol H2O2, which is then converted by catalase (CAT) to 1/2 mol O2. Superoxides 25-27 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 87-99 26881470-3 2016 The intermediate product O2 - from the hydrolysis of metal superoxides is converted by cytochrome c to O2 and by superoxide dismutase (SOD) to 1/2 mol O2 and 1/2 mol H2O2, which is then converted by catalase (CAT) to 1/2 mol O2. Superoxides 103-105 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 87-99 26707483-7 2016 Endothelial VCAM-1 induction by TNF-alpha was responsible for superoxide anion production being quenched by N-acetyl-cysteine and Tat-SOD. Superoxides 62-78 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 12-18 26881470-3 2016 The intermediate product O2 - from the hydrolysis of metal superoxides is converted by cytochrome c to O2 and by superoxide dismutase (SOD) to 1/2 mol O2 and 1/2 mol H2O2, which is then converted by catalase (CAT) to 1/2 mol O2. Superoxides 103-105 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 87-99 26881470-3 2016 The intermediate product O2 - from the hydrolysis of metal superoxides is converted by cytochrome c to O2 and by superoxide dismutase (SOD) to 1/2 mol O2 and 1/2 mol H2O2, which is then converted by catalase (CAT) to 1/2 mol O2. Superoxides 103-105 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 87-99 26707483-7 2016 Endothelial VCAM-1 induction by TNF-alpha was responsible for superoxide anion production being quenched by N-acetyl-cysteine and Tat-SOD. Superoxides 62-78 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 32-41 26707483-7 2016 Endothelial VCAM-1 induction by TNF-alpha was responsible for superoxide anion production being quenched by N-acetyl-cysteine and Tat-SOD. Superoxides 62-78 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 134-137 26707483-8 2016 SOD treatment markedly inhibited superoxide anion production induced by TNF-alpha, but no inhibition of endothelial transmigration was noted. Superoxides 33-49 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 26707483-8 2016 SOD treatment markedly inhibited superoxide anion production induced by TNF-alpha, but no inhibition of endothelial transmigration was noted. Superoxides 33-49 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 72-81 26732672-5 2016 Among the tested compounds, flexuvarol B and chrysin showed the most potent anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting superoxide anion generation and elastase release from human neutrophils in response to fMLP with IC50 2.25-5.55muM. Superoxides 115-131 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 202-206 26884476-0 2016 Angiotensin II stimulates superoxide production by nitric oxide synthase in thick ascending limbs. Superoxides 26-36 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-14 26884476-1 2016 Angiotensin II (Ang II) causes nitric oxide synthase (NOS) to become a source of superoxide (O2 (-)) via a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent process in endothelial cells. Superoxides 81-91 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-14 26884476-1 2016 Angiotensin II (Ang II) causes nitric oxide synthase (NOS) to become a source of superoxide (O2 (-)) via a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent process in endothelial cells. Superoxides 81-91 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 16-22 26884476-1 2016 Angiotensin II (Ang II) causes nitric oxide synthase (NOS) to become a source of superoxide (O2 (-)) via a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent process in endothelial cells. Superoxides 93-95 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-14 26884476-1 2016 Angiotensin II (Ang II) causes nitric oxide synthase (NOS) to become a source of superoxide (O2 (-)) via a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent process in endothelial cells. Superoxides 93-95 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 16-22 26884476-2 2016 Ang II stimulates both NO and O2 (-) production in thick ascending limbs. Superoxides 30-36 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-6 26884476-3 2016 We hypothesized that Ang II causes O2 (-) production by NOS in thick ascending limbs via a PKC-dependent mechanism. Superoxides 35-37 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 21-27 26884476-6 2016 This concentration of Ang II-stimulated O2 (-) production by 50% (1.77 +- 0.26 vs. 2.62 +- 0.36 relative lights units (RLU)/s/mug protein; P < 0.04; n = 5). Superoxides 40-42 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 22-28 26884476-7 2016 In the presence of the NOS inhibitor L-NAME, Ang II-stimulated O2 (-) decreased from 2.02 +- 0.29 to 1.10 +- 0.11 RLU/s/mug protein (P < 0.01; n = 8). Superoxides 63-65 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 45-51 26884476-11 2016 We conclude that: (1) Ang II causes NOS to produce O2 (-) in thick ascending limbs via a PKC- and NADPH oxidase-dependent process; and (2) the effect of Ang II is not due to limited substrate. Superoxides 51-57 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 22-28 26824355-6 2016 Using RNA interference, we showed that ARF6 is essential for ROS generation since in conditions where this GTPase was knocked down, Ang II could no longer promote superoxide anion production. Superoxides 163-179 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 132-138 26656068-7 2016 In addition, tan IIA markedly reduced STZ induced elevation in acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) level, and significantly inhibited STZ induced reduction in superoxide dismutases (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in the parietal cortex and hippocampus. Superoxides 186-196 ATPase, class II, type 9A Mus musculus 17-20 26721432-5 2016 In this study, using transgenic mice expressing human Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1), an enzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide anions, we examined the effect of SOD1 overexpression on depressive-like behavioral phenotypes in mice. Superoxides 133-150 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 54-80 26721432-5 2016 In this study, using transgenic mice expressing human Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1), an enzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide anions, we examined the effect of SOD1 overexpression on depressive-like behavioral phenotypes in mice. Superoxides 133-150 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 82-86 26629876-0 2016 Free Superoxide is an Intermediate in the Production of H2O2 by Copper(I)-Abeta Peptide and O2. Superoxides 5-15 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 74-79 26935390-8 2016 A clear role of GSTM1 in modulating azathioprine cytotoxicity, with a close dependency on superoxide anion production, has been recently demonstrated. Superoxides 90-106 glutathione S-transferase mu 1 Homo sapiens 16-21 26375520-1 2016 In hypertension studies, anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) has been shown to prevent angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced vasoconstriction and regulate vascular function by down-regulating pro-inflammatory cytokine and superoxide production in vascular cells. Superoxides 230-240 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 101-115 26375520-1 2016 In hypertension studies, anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) has been shown to prevent angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced vasoconstriction and regulate vascular function by down-regulating pro-inflammatory cytokine and superoxide production in vascular cells. Superoxides 230-240 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 117-123 26398710-8 2016 FL3 and FL37 protected against TNFalpha-induced mitochondrial superoxide generation by preserving respiratory chain complex I activity and prohibitin expression. Superoxides 62-72 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 31-39 26470784-7 2016 High glucose concentration induced ATP synthase disruption, mitochondrial superoxide generation, and cell death in cardiomyocytes, all of which were prevented by overexpression of mitochondria-targeted calpastatin or ATP5A1. Superoxides 74-84 ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, alpha subunit 1 Mus musculus 217-223 26590088-9 2016 Ascorbate inhibition of the VEGF effect could thus be due either to scavenging superoxide or to peroxynitrite generated by the uncoupled eNOS, or more likely to its ability to recycle tetrahydrobiopterin, thus avoiding enzyme uncoupling in the first place. Superoxides 79-89 vascular endothelial growth factor A Homo sapiens 28-32 26595232-4 2016 In this study, we evaluated the superoxide anion-scavenging activity of PC-SOD in HL-60 human promyelocytic leukemia cells. Superoxides 32-48 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 75-78 26595232-6 2016 Nevertheless, by analyzing enzyme activities in cell suspensions containing PC-SOD or SOD, PC-SOD and SOD showed almost equal activity for scavenging extracellular superoxide anions produced by HL-60 cells. Superoxides 164-181 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 76-89 26595232-6 2016 Nevertheless, by analyzing enzyme activities in cell suspensions containing PC-SOD or SOD, PC-SOD and SOD showed almost equal activity for scavenging extracellular superoxide anions produced by HL-60 cells. Superoxides 164-181 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 91-105 26595232-7 2016 Furthermore, the activity for scavenging extracellular superoxide anions increased with increased amount of PC-SOD on the plasma membrane. Superoxides 55-72 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 111-114 26839633-8 2016 Apoptosis-resistant Bcl-2-overexpressing cells even can afford higher TRPM2 activity without risking a hazardous Ca(2+)-overload-induced mitochondrial superoxide anion formation. Superoxides 151-167 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 20-25 26859849-2 2016 In this segment, while transport is increased by ADH via cAMP, sodium reabsorption results from Ang II-induced superoxide (O2(-)) production. Superoxides 111-121 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 96-102 26756632-6 2015 However, elevation of ANG II above normal levels increases O2 - production, promotes oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction, and plays a major role in multiple disease conditions. Superoxides 59-61 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 22-28 26881025-4 2016 Presently, we tested the hypothesis that elevated levels of superoxide (O2 ( -)) in the OVLT contribute to the hypertensive effects of AngII. Superoxides 60-70 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 135-140 26881025-4 2016 Presently, we tested the hypothesis that elevated levels of superoxide (O2 ( -)) in the OVLT contribute to the hypertensive effects of AngII. Superoxides 72-74 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 135-140 26881025-8 2016 These results support the hypothesis that overproduction of O2 ( -) in the OVLT plays an important role in the development of chronic AngII-dependent hypertension. Superoxides 60-62 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 134-139 27137130-4 2016 The influence of IFN-gamma incorporated nanoemulsions on functional activity of mononuclear cell for Escherichia coli enteropathogenic was analyzed through superoxide release, phagocytosis, microbicidal activity and intracellular calcium release. Superoxides 156-166 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 17-26 27467924-7 2016 Mechanistic investigations revealed that nitric oxide (NO), superoxide and peroxynitrite produced by uncoupling of inducible NO synthase (NOS II) in cancer cells are key mediators of ALA and IFNgamma-mediated tumor growth inhibition. Superoxides 60-70 interferon gamma Mus musculus 191-199 26696823-7 2015 Upon LPS stimulation, stefin B was targeted into the mitochondria, and the lack of stefin B resulted in the increased destabilization of the mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial superoxide generation. Superoxides 192-202 cystatin B Mus musculus 83-91 26456056-5 2015 The addition of Hsp90 alone only modestly increases Nox5 enzyme activity but in combination with the co-chaperones, Hsp70, HOP, Hsp40, and p23 it robustly stimulated superoxide, but not hydrogen peroxide, production. Superoxides 166-176 DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member B1 pseudogene 1 Homo sapiens 128-133 25537191-6 2015 Surprisingly, low-dose arsenic could also transcriptionally increase TG-interacting factor (TGIF) expression via c-Src/EGFR/AKT/FOXO3A signaling involving superoxide production from NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 155-165 TGFB induced factor homeobox 1 Homo sapiens 69-90 25537191-6 2015 Surprisingly, low-dose arsenic could also transcriptionally increase TG-interacting factor (TGIF) expression via c-Src/EGFR/AKT/FOXO3A signaling involving superoxide production from NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 155-165 TGFB induced factor homeobox 1 Homo sapiens 92-96 26269022-3 2015 Our laboratory recently demonstrated that superoxide-deficient nonobese diabetic (NOD.Ncf1(m1J)) mice exhibited a delay in type 1 diabetes (T1D) partially due to blunted IFN-gamma synthesis by CD4 T cells. Superoxides 42-52 interferon gamma Mus musculus 170-179 26269022-7 2015 Exogenous superoxide blunted exacerbated Th1 cytokines and proinflammatory chemokines to approximately wild-type levels, concomitant with reduced IL-12Rbeta2 signaling and P-STAT4 (Y693) activation. Superoxides 10-20 negative elongation factor complex member C/D, Th1l Mus musculus 41-44 26184564-11 2015 Interestingly, DUSP4 gene silencing contributes to the increase in superoxide generation from cells. Superoxides 67-77 dual specificity phosphatase 4 Mus musculus 15-20 26456056-14 2015 Silencing of HOP, Hsp40 and p23 reduced Nox5-dependent superoxide. Superoxides 55-65 DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member B1 pseudogene 1 Homo sapiens 18-23 26456061-5 2015 As reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation by the E3 component of hOGDHc is a pathologically relevant feature, superoxide generation by the complexes with optimal stoichiometry was measured by the acetylated cytochrome c reduction method in both the forward and the reverse catalytic directions. Superoxides 112-122 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 209-221 26456836-0 2015 Curcumin inhibits superoxide anion-induced pain-like behavior and leukocyte recruitment by increasing Nrf2 expression and reducing NF-kappaB activation. Superoxides 18-34 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 102-106 26453925-7 2015 Water-soluble superoxide dismutase (SOD) was added in order to suppress the reaction of CHA with O2( -) outside the membrane. Superoxides 97-99 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 36-39 26453925-10 2015 Addition of TMT-H to thylakoid suspension in the presence of SOD resulted in the increase in light-induced O2 uptake rate, that argued in favor of TMT-H ability to detect O2( -) produced within the membrane core. Superoxides 107-109 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 61-64 26456836-11 2015 Curcumin also inhibited superoxide anion-induced leukocyte recruitment in the peritoneal cavity and in the paw skin inhibited myeloperoxidase activity, oxidative stress, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha production and NF-kappaB activation as well as enhanced IL-10 production, and HO-1 and Nrf2 mRNA expression. Superoxides 24-40 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 126-141 26456836-11 2015 Curcumin also inhibited superoxide anion-induced leukocyte recruitment in the peritoneal cavity and in the paw skin inhibited myeloperoxidase activity, oxidative stress, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha production and NF-kappaB activation as well as enhanced IL-10 production, and HO-1 and Nrf2 mRNA expression. Superoxides 24-40 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 170-178 26456836-11 2015 Curcumin also inhibited superoxide anion-induced leukocyte recruitment in the peritoneal cavity and in the paw skin inhibited myeloperoxidase activity, oxidative stress, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha production and NF-kappaB activation as well as enhanced IL-10 production, and HO-1 and Nrf2 mRNA expression. Superoxides 24-40 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 183-192 26456836-11 2015 Curcumin also inhibited superoxide anion-induced leukocyte recruitment in the peritoneal cavity and in the paw skin inhibited myeloperoxidase activity, oxidative stress, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha production and NF-kappaB activation as well as enhanced IL-10 production, and HO-1 and Nrf2 mRNA expression. Superoxides 24-40 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 280-284 25628311-11 2015 Analysis of protein and mRNA expression determined that the angiotensin II receptor At1R was implicated in modulation of the NADPH-dependent pathway of superoxide generation. Superoxides 152-162 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 60-74 26625143-13 2015 SIM, APO, and NAC either partially inhibit or completely block the TNF-alpha induced H2O2 or superoxide production. Superoxides 93-103 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 67-76 26116226-6 2015 In GILT-/- cells, there is a shift from the reduced to the oxidized form of glutathione, resulting in mitochondrial autophagy, decreased superoxide dismutase 2, and elevated superoxide levels. Superoxides 137-147 IFI30 lysosomal thiol reductase Homo sapiens 3-7 26660551-8 2015 In reconstitution experiments, IL-6 produced concentration-dependent impairment of endothelial responses as well as greater increases in NADPH-stimulated superoxide levels in arteries from eNOS(+/-) mice fed a control diet compared to eNOS(+/+) mice. Superoxides 154-164 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 31-35 26660551-11 2015 The impairment produced by a HFD in eNOS(+/-) mice appears to be mediated by IL-6-induced increases in vascular superoxide. Superoxides 112-122 interleukin 6 Mus musculus 77-81 26291279-4 2015 An increase was also seen in superoxide in response to treatment with TNF-alpha, which was localised to the mitochondria and this was also associated with activation of NF-kappaB. Superoxides 29-39 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 70-79 26291279-5 2015 The changes in superoxide, activation of NF-kB and release of myokines were attenuated following pre-treatment with SS-31 peptide indicating that the ability of TNF-alpha to induce myokine release may be mediated through mitochondrial superoxide, which is, at least in part, associated with activation of the redox sensitive transcription factor NF-kB. Superoxides 15-25 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 161-170 26291279-5 2015 The changes in superoxide, activation of NF-kB and release of myokines were attenuated following pre-treatment with SS-31 peptide indicating that the ability of TNF-alpha to induce myokine release may be mediated through mitochondrial superoxide, which is, at least in part, associated with activation of the redox sensitive transcription factor NF-kB. Superoxides 235-245 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 161-170 26342455-1 2015 Tumor cells generate extracellular superoxide anions and are protected against intercellular apoptosis-inducing HOCl- and NO/peroxynitrite signaling through the expression of membrane-associated catalase. Superoxides 35-52 catalase Homo sapiens 195-203 26342455-9 2015 This regulatory network allows to establish several pathways for synergistic interactions, like the combination of modulators of NO metabolism with enhancers of superoxide anion generation, modulators of NO metabolism that act at different targets and between modulators of NO metabolism and direct catalase inhibitors. Superoxides 161-177 catalase Homo sapiens 299-307 26120766-3 2015 We postulated that disturbed flow modulates autophagy with an implication in mitochondrial superoxide (mtO2( -)) production. Superoxides 91-101 tRNA mitochondrial 2-thiouridylase Homo sapiens 103-107 26566578-2 2015 To address this concern, we performed additional experiments using the superoxide inhibitable assays cytochrome C and water soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) reduction. Superoxides 71-81 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 101-113 26610457-3 2015 Compounds 2, 3, 5, 6, and 8-10 exhibited inhibition (IC50<=12.51 muM) of superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils in response to formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB). Superoxides 76-92 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 200-204 26335060-1 2015 In response to in vitro stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), microglia induce the production of the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) together with nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O2(-)). Superoxides 212-214 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 148-156 26560496-0 2015 Serine 1179 Phosphorylation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Increases Superoxide Generation and Alters Cofactor Regulation. Superoxides 75-85 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 31-64 26422659-2 2015 Among the first line of defense against oxidative stress is the dismutation of superoxide radicals, which in the mitochondria is carried out by manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Superoxides 79-89 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 144-174 26422659-2 2015 Among the first line of defense against oxidative stress is the dismutation of superoxide radicals, which in the mitochondria is carried out by manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Superoxides 79-89 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 176-181 26531161-4 2015 In anti-inflammation assay, compounds 1 and 2 displayed strong inhibition of superoxide anion generation and elastase release in human neutrophils stimulated by fMLP/CB. Superoxides 77-93 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 161-165 26335060-2 2015 Here we investigated the role of NO and O2(-) in the signaling mechanism by which IL-1beta is induced in microglia. Superoxides 40-42 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 82-90 26335060-3 2015 The LPS-inducible IL-1beta was significantly suppressed by pretreatment with the NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide, but not by pretreatment with the O2(-) scavenger N-acetyl cysteine, suggesting the close association of NO with IL-1beta induction. Superoxides 194-196 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 18-26 26342070-8 2015 LV superoxide production was increased, in part attributable to nitric oxide synthase (NOS) uncoupling, whereas AKT and NOS isoform expression and phosphorylation were unchanged. Superoxides 3-13 nitric oxide synthase 2 Sus scrofa 64-85 26290366-8 2015 In conclusion IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6, when infused systemically, caused immediate and partly reversible increases in glomerular permeability, which could be inhibited by the superoxide scavenger tempol, suggesting an important role of ROS in acute cytokine-induced permeability changes in the GFB. Superoxides 181-191 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 14-22 25975985-4 2015 At a mechanistic level, Nrf2 promotes the repair of DNA damage and drives detoxification of superoxide that is generated hours to days after irradiation. Superoxides 92-102 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 24-28 26290366-8 2015 In conclusion IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6, when infused systemically, caused immediate and partly reversible increases in glomerular permeability, which could be inhibited by the superoxide scavenger tempol, suggesting an important role of ROS in acute cytokine-induced permeability changes in the GFB. Superoxides 181-191 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 24-33 26290366-8 2015 In conclusion IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-6, when infused systemically, caused immediate and partly reversible increases in glomerular permeability, which could be inhibited by the superoxide scavenger tempol, suggesting an important role of ROS in acute cytokine-induced permeability changes in the GFB. Superoxides 181-191 interleukin 6 Rattus norvegicus 39-43 25770663-3 2015 Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a potent vasoactive agent that also exerts mitogenic, proinflammatory, and profibrotic effects through several signaling pathways, in part involving ROS, particularly superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 194-204 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-14 25770663-3 2015 Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a potent vasoactive agent that also exerts mitogenic, proinflammatory, and profibrotic effects through several signaling pathways, in part involving ROS, particularly superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 194-204 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 16-22 26374996-2 2015 However, some electrons leak from the respiratory chain and yield superoxide, which is rapidly metabolized into H2O2 by SOD2. Superoxides 66-76 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 120-124 26160850-1 2015 p67(phox) is the paramount cytosolic regulator of the superoxide-generating Nox of phagocytes, by controlling the conformation of the catalytic component, Nox2. Superoxides 54-64 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 0-3 26374996-9 2015 SOD2-tg mitochondria produced less superoxide, and had lower redox activity in converting cyclic hydroxylamine to stable nitroxide, and a lower GSSG concentration. Superoxides 35-45 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 0-4 26255877-6 2015 They also abolished the increased aortic superoxide levels by reducing the increased toll-like receptor-4 mRNA levels and NADPH oxidase activity found in SHR. Superoxides 41-51 toll-like receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 85-105 26246053-7 2015 Bosentan also inhibited superoxide anion-induced interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production, while it enhanced IL-10 production in the paw skin and spinal cord. Superoxides 24-40 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 49-67 26246053-7 2015 Bosentan also inhibited superoxide anion-induced interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production, while it enhanced IL-10 production in the paw skin and spinal cord. Superoxides 24-40 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 69-77 26246053-7 2015 Bosentan also inhibited superoxide anion-induced interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production, while it enhanced IL-10 production in the paw skin and spinal cord. Superoxides 24-40 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 83-110 26246053-7 2015 Bosentan also inhibited superoxide anion-induced interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) production, while it enhanced IL-10 production in the paw skin and spinal cord. Superoxides 24-40 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 112-121 26259609-5 2015 Mitochondrial biogenesis and cytosolic production of reactive oxygen species were also reduced after p53 inhibition; the latter change induced mitochondrial superoxide accumulation and mitochondrial damage, which triggered the activation of caspase 3. Superoxides 157-167 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 101-104 26259609-5 2015 Mitochondrial biogenesis and cytosolic production of reactive oxygen species were also reduced after p53 inhibition; the latter change induced mitochondrial superoxide accumulation and mitochondrial damage, which triggered the activation of caspase 3. Superoxides 157-167 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 241-250 26430964-6 2015 Interestingly, while inhibiting intracellular O2 - blocked STAT3 phosphorylation, transient overexpression of wild type STAT3 resulted in a significant increase in mitochondrial O2 - production, which was rescued by the functional mutants of STAT3 (Y705F). Superoxides 178-180 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 120-125 26225838-0 2015 Superoxide induces protein oxidation in plasma and TNF-alpha elevation in macrophage culture: Insights into mechanisms of neurotoxicity following doxorubicin chemotherapy. Superoxides 0-10 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 51-60 26225838-10 2015 These findings, together with our prior results, provide strong evidence that O2(-) and its resulting reactive species are critically involved in Dox-induced plasma protein oxidation and TNF-alpha release. Superoxides 78-80 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 188-197 26430964-6 2015 Interestingly, while inhibiting intracellular O2 - blocked STAT3 phosphorylation, transient overexpression of wild type STAT3 resulted in a significant increase in mitochondrial O2 - production, which was rescued by the functional mutants of STAT3 (Y705F). Superoxides 178-180 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 120-125 26430964-0 2015 Overexpression of Bcl-2 induces STAT-3 activation via an increase in mitochondrial superoxide. Superoxides 83-93 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 18-23 26528122-0 2015 Angiotensin II-superoxide-NFkappaB signaling and aortic baroreceptor dysfunction in chronic heart failure. Superoxides 15-25 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-14 26430964-0 2015 Overexpression of Bcl-2 induces STAT-3 activation via an increase in mitochondrial superoxide. Superoxides 83-93 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 32-38 26430964-4 2015 Bcl-2-induced STAT3 activation was a function of GTP-loaded Rac1 and NADPH oxidase (Nox)-dependent increase in intracellular superoxide (O2 -). Superoxides 125-135 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 0-5 26430964-4 2015 Bcl-2-induced STAT3 activation was a function of GTP-loaded Rac1 and NADPH oxidase (Nox)-dependent increase in intracellular superoxide (O2 -). Superoxides 125-135 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 14-19 26430964-4 2015 Bcl-2-induced STAT3 activation was a function of GTP-loaded Rac1 and NADPH oxidase (Nox)-dependent increase in intracellular superoxide (O2 -). Superoxides 137-139 BCL2 apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 0-5 26430964-4 2015 Bcl-2-induced STAT3 activation was a function of GTP-loaded Rac1 and NADPH oxidase (Nox)-dependent increase in intracellular superoxide (O2 -). Superoxides 137-139 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 14-19 26430964-6 2015 Interestingly, while inhibiting intracellular O2 - blocked STAT3 phosphorylation, transient overexpression of wild type STAT3 resulted in a significant increase in mitochondrial O2 - production, which was rescued by the functional mutants of STAT3 (Y705F). Superoxides 46-48 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 59-64 26430964-6 2015 Interestingly, while inhibiting intracellular O2 - blocked STAT3 phosphorylation, transient overexpression of wild type STAT3 resulted in a significant increase in mitochondrial O2 - production, which was rescued by the functional mutants of STAT3 (Y705F). Superoxides 46-48 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 120-125 26430964-6 2015 Interestingly, while inhibiting intracellular O2 - blocked STAT3 phosphorylation, transient overexpression of wild type STAT3 resulted in a significant increase in mitochondrial O2 - production, which was rescued by the functional mutants of STAT3 (Y705F). Superoxides 46-48 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Homo sapiens 120-125 26489513-10 2015 Moreover, Ad-SIRT1 reduced the increase in the superoxide generation and malonaldialdehyde content and simultaneously increased the antioxidant capability. Superoxides 47-57 sirtuin 1 Rattus norvegicus 10-18 26180238-6 2015 Our results indicate that elevated O(2)(-) production in SHR is sufficient to account for observed differences between normotensive and hypertensive rats in the response of the afferent arteriole to NO synthase inhibition, Tempol, and angiotensin II at baseline perfusion pressures. Superoxides 35-40 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 235-249 26528122-0 2015 Angiotensin II-superoxide-NFkappaB signaling and aortic baroreceptor dysfunction in chronic heart failure. Superoxides 15-25 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 26-34 26144375-6 2015 In such mechanism, AT1 activation leads to the aortic release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which stimulates NAD(P)H oxidase/Nox1-driven generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 153-163 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Mus musculus 19-22 26446519-9 2015 RESULTS: PEP-1-SOD1 fusion protein efficiently transduced into MCF, scavenged intracellular O2 (-), decreased intracellular MDA content, increased SOD activity, suppressed ANG II-induced proliferation, reduced expression of TGF-beta1, alpha-SMA, collagen type I and III, restored MMP-1 secretion, and attenuated TIMP-1 secretion. Superoxides 92-94 neuronal vesicle trafficking associated 1 Rattus norvegicus 9-14 26446519-9 2015 RESULTS: PEP-1-SOD1 fusion protein efficiently transduced into MCF, scavenged intracellular O2 (-), decreased intracellular MDA content, increased SOD activity, suppressed ANG II-induced proliferation, reduced expression of TGF-beta1, alpha-SMA, collagen type I and III, restored MMP-1 secretion, and attenuated TIMP-1 secretion. Superoxides 92-94 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 15-19 26446519-9 2015 RESULTS: PEP-1-SOD1 fusion protein efficiently transduced into MCF, scavenged intracellular O2 (-), decreased intracellular MDA content, increased SOD activity, suppressed ANG II-induced proliferation, reduced expression of TGF-beta1, alpha-SMA, collagen type I and III, restored MMP-1 secretion, and attenuated TIMP-1 secretion. Superoxides 92-94 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 15-18 26144375-6 2015 In such mechanism, AT1 activation leads to the aortic release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which stimulates NAD(P)H oxidase/Nox1-driven generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 153-163 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 65-92 26241336-8 2015 Ang II (1 muM, 3 h) induced the expression of nNOS and NADPH oxidase, caused NO and superoxide anion accumulation, thus leading to excessive oxidative stress. Superoxides 84-100 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 0-6 26253183-6 2015 When this rapid initial burst was reduced, through the inhibition of c-NOS and NADPH oxidases (NOX) or the scavenging of NO and superoxide the NF-kappaB activation, NOS-2 expression and nitrite production were significantly attenuated. Superoxides 128-138 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 165-170 26291484-0 2015 Superoxide anion-induced pain and inflammation depends on TNFalpha/TNFR1 signaling in mice. Superoxides 0-16 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 58-66 26600675-4 2015 Disruption of AIR12 also affected primary and lateral root development and was linked to changes in root catalase activity and superoxide production. Superoxides 127-137 auxin-induced in root cultures-like protein Arabidopsis thaliana 14-19 26291484-4 2015 Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 deficiency (TNFR1-/-) and treatment of wild-type mice with etanercept (a soluble TNFR2 receptor that inhibits TNFalpha actions) inhibited superoxide anion-induced pain-like behaviors. Superoxides 171-187 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 143-151 26291484-7 2015 These results demonstrate that TNFalpha/TNFR1 signaling is important in superoxide anion-triggered pain and that TNFalpha/TNFR1 signaling amplifies the oxidative stress triggered by superoxide anion, which contributes to sustaining pain and inflammation. Superoxides 72-88 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 31-39 26291484-7 2015 These results demonstrate that TNFalpha/TNFR1 signaling is important in superoxide anion-triggered pain and that TNFalpha/TNFR1 signaling amplifies the oxidative stress triggered by superoxide anion, which contributes to sustaining pain and inflammation. Superoxides 182-198 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 113-121 26210873-5 2015 We demonstrate that the inhibition of OL differentiation by TNF-alpha is associated with i) increased mitochondrial superoxide production; ii) decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (mMP); and iii) decreased ADP-induced Ca(2+) oscillations, which we previously showed to be dependent on efficient mitochondria. Superoxides 116-126 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 60-69 26337205-7 2015 In contrast, in apoptosis sensitive cells activated p53 increased superoxide levels and inhibited glycolysis through repression of glycolytic pathway genes. Superoxides 66-76 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 52-55 26337205-12 2015 Specifically, the findings indicate 1) that glycolysis plays an essential role in autophagy by limiting superoxide levels and maintaining expression of ATG genes required for autophagic vesicle maturation, 2) that p53 can promote or inhibit autophagy depending on the status of glycolysis, and 3) that inhibiting protective autophagy can expand the breadth of cells susceptible to Nutlin-3a induced apoptosis. Superoxides 104-114 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 214-217 26344080-6 2015 The generation of eosinophil superoxide anion (O2(-)) was examined based on the superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of cytochrome C. Superoxides 29-45 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 126-138 26344080-6 2015 The generation of eosinophil superoxide anion (O2(-)) was examined based on the superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of cytochrome C. Superoxides 47-49 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 126-138 26140661-7 2015 Comparable changes in COX-2 mRNA, miR-16 and c-Myc detected in dHUVEC were produced in nHUVEC exposed to transient high glucose and then stimulated with IL-1beta under physiological glucose levels; superoxide anion production was enhanced under these experimental conditions. Superoxides 198-214 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 22-27 26140661-8 2015 CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Our results describe a possible mechanism operating in GDM that links the enhanced superoxide anion production and epigenetic changes, associated with hyperglycaemic memory, to endothelial dysfunction through dysregulated post-transcriptional control of COX-2 gene expression in response to inflammatory stimuli. Superoxides 113-129 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase II Homo sapiens 284-289 26246018-8 2015 In cultured cardiomyocytes, lipopolysaccharide induced mitochondrial superoxide generation that was prevented by overexpression of mitochondria-targeted calpastatin or ATP5A1. Superoxides 69-79 ATP synthase, H+ transporting, mitochondrial F1 complex, alpha subunit 1 Mus musculus 168-174 26111938-6 2015 Increasing BH4 bioavailability either exogenously by BH4 supplementation or endogenously by treatment with the selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor--delta activator GW501516 (2 mg/kg/day, 14 days) attenuated eNOS uncoupling and decreased superoxide anion production in cerebral microvessels of Tg2576 mice (p < 0.05). Superoxides 254-270 peroxisome proliferator activator receptor delta Mus musculus 121-170 26001727-2 2015 Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation by TNFalpha requires endosomal superoxide production by Nox1. Superoxides 77-87 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 0-22 26001727-2 2015 Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation by TNFalpha requires endosomal superoxide production by Nox1. Superoxides 77-87 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 24-33 26001727-2 2015 Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation by TNFalpha requires endosomal superoxide production by Nox1. Superoxides 77-87 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 49-57 26001727-10 2015 TNFalpha-stimulated superoxide generation was enhanced by JNK1 inhibition in WT, but not in Nox1 KO VSMC. Superoxides 20-30 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 0-8 26001727-10 2015 TNFalpha-stimulated superoxide generation was enhanced by JNK1 inhibition in WT, but not in Nox1 KO VSMC. Superoxides 20-30 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 58-62 26001727-12 2015 JNK and endosomal superoxide may represent novel targets for pharmacologic modulation of TNFalpha signaling and vascular inflammation. Superoxides 18-28 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 89-97 28911718-12 2015 When irradiated in the presence of superoxide dismutase (SOD), the level of lipid peroxidation decreased, indicating that lipid peroxidation is also mediated by superoxide. Superoxides 35-45 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 57-60 26211713-0 2015 Endothelin-1 impairs coronary arteriolar dilation: Role of p38 kinase-mediated superoxide production from NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 79-89 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 0-12 26391839-3 2015 The results obtained showed that exogenously-generated H2O2 induce anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in HUVECs counteracting the pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidant effect of IL-1beta related to the production of superoxide anions. Superoxides 218-235 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 180-188 26211713-0 2015 Endothelin-1 impairs coronary arteriolar dilation: Role of p38 kinase-mediated superoxide production from NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 79-89 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 59-62 26211713-7 2015 The arteriolar wall contains ETA receptors and the adverse effect of ET-1 was prevented by ETA receptor antagonist BQ123, the superoxide scavenger Tempol, the NADPH oxidase inhibitors apocynin and VAS2870, the NOX2-based NADPH oxidase inhibitor gp91 ds-tat, or the p38 kinase inhibitor SB203580. Superoxides 126-136 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 69-73 26211713-9 2015 Immunohistochemical staining showed that ET-1 elicited Tempol-, apocynin- and SB203580-sensitive superoxide productions in the arteriolar wall. Superoxides 97-107 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 41-45 26211713-10 2015 Our results indicate that exposure of coronary arterioles to a pathophysiological, sub-vasomotor concentration of ET-1 leads to vascular dysfunction by impairing endothelium-dependent NO-mediated dilation via p38 kinase-mediated production of superoxide from NADPH oxidase following ETA receptor activation. Superoxides 243-253 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 114-118 26211713-10 2015 Our results indicate that exposure of coronary arterioles to a pathophysiological, sub-vasomotor concentration of ET-1 leads to vascular dysfunction by impairing endothelium-dependent NO-mediated dilation via p38 kinase-mediated production of superoxide from NADPH oxidase following ETA receptor activation. Superoxides 243-253 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Homo sapiens 209-212 27057461-1 2016 As a part of cellular pathogen defense, IFNgamma triggers induction of NADPH oxidase NOX2, which produces superoxide into phagosomes of immune cells. Superoxides 106-116 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 40-48 26139608-8 2015 Administration of Ret-NH2 once per week inhibited capillary degeneration and accumulation of albumin in the neural retina, significantly reducing diabetes-induced retinal superoxide and expression of inflammatory proteins. Superoxides 171-181 ret proto-oncogene Mus musculus 18-21 26347655-7 2015 It is proposed that CuB delivers superoxide to NO bound to Fe-heme forming peroxynitrite, then nitrate that diffuses away. Superoxides 33-43 rhomboid 5 homolog 2 Mus musculus 20-23 26717598-4 2015 Catalase (scavenger of hydrogen peroxide), mannitol (scavenger of hydroxyl radicals) and superoxide dismutase (scavenger of superoxide radicals) reduced the level of ROS production under LA, suggesting the generation of H2O2, OH* and O2- radicals, respectively. Superoxides 124-143 catalase Homo sapiens 0-8 26317224-1 2015 BACKGROUND: The cytokine and drug interferon-gamma enhances superoxide anion production by the antimicrobicidal Nox2 enzyme of neutrophils. Superoxides 60-76 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 34-50 26317224-4 2015 Interferon-gamma was found to enhance superoxide production by Nox2 in a concentration dependent manner. Superoxides 38-48 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 0-16 26317224-6 2015 Additionally, application of interferon-gamma for 3 hours to pre-differentiated PLB-985 cells, which models studies using isolated neutrophils, was much less effective at enhancing superoxide anion production. Superoxides 181-197 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 29-45 25362851-3 2015 When MnSOD is deficient, superoxide radical and its resulting reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate ligand binding to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), suggesting that the activation of PPARalpha signaling is a major mechanism underlying MnSOD-dependent UCPs expression that consequently triggers the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, leading to increased aerobic glycolysis. Superoxides 25-43 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 5-10 25934568-3 2015 Isometrically mounted segments of mouse distal tail artery were used to investigate the effects of endothelium denudation, blocking Ca(2+) channels and inhibiting superoxide signalling on Ang II-induced facilitation of nerve-evoked contractions. Superoxides 163-173 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 188-194 25362851-3 2015 When MnSOD is deficient, superoxide radical and its resulting reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate ligand binding to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), suggesting that the activation of PPARalpha signaling is a major mechanism underlying MnSOD-dependent UCPs expression that consequently triggers the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, leading to increased aerobic glycolysis. Superoxides 25-43 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha Mus musculus 119-167 25362851-3 2015 When MnSOD is deficient, superoxide radical and its resulting reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate ligand binding to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), suggesting that the activation of PPARalpha signaling is a major mechanism underlying MnSOD-dependent UCPs expression that consequently triggers the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, leading to increased aerobic glycolysis. Superoxides 25-43 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha Mus musculus 169-178 25362851-3 2015 When MnSOD is deficient, superoxide radical and its resulting reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate ligand binding to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), suggesting that the activation of PPARalpha signaling is a major mechanism underlying MnSOD-dependent UCPs expression that consequently triggers the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, leading to increased aerobic glycolysis. Superoxides 25-43 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha Mus musculus 215-224 25362851-3 2015 When MnSOD is deficient, superoxide radical and its resulting reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate ligand binding to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), suggesting that the activation of PPARalpha signaling is a major mechanism underlying MnSOD-dependent UCPs expression that consequently triggers the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, leading to increased aerobic glycolysis. Superoxides 25-43 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 267-272 25362851-3 2015 When MnSOD is deficient, superoxide radical and its resulting reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate ligand binding to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), suggesting that the activation of PPARalpha signaling is a major mechanism underlying MnSOD-dependent UCPs expression that consequently triggers the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, leading to increased aerobic glycolysis. Superoxides 25-43 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 335-338 25514499-7 2015 Superoxide generation was measured with transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, eotaxin, and CLC3 blockers. Superoxides 0-10 C-C motif chemokine ligand 11 Homo sapiens 79-86 25514499-12 2015 PMA, TGF-beta, and eotaxin used the CLC3-dependent pathway to increase superoxide radicals. Superoxides 71-81 C-C motif chemokine ligand 11 Homo sapiens 19-26 26034201-2 2015 Superoxide participates in acute calcium signaling in afferent arterioles and renal vasoconstriction produced by angiotensin II, endothelin, thromboxane, and pressure-induced myogenic tone. Superoxides 0-10 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 113-127 26055795-8 2015 Dihydroethidium fluorescence analysis revealed that superoxide production was increased in STAT3 iCKO mice. Superoxides 52-62 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Mus musculus 91-96 26069236-9 2015 SOD and catalase protected against superoxide-induced methionine oxidation and restored protein C activation in vitro (P<0.05). Superoxides 35-45 catalase Mus musculus 0-16 25903194-2 2015 A method able to detect and quantify PM oxidative potential, based on the cytochrome c (cyt-c) reduction by means of superoxide anion produced through quinones redox cycling in the presence of reducing agents, is here described. Superoxides 117-133 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 74-86 25903194-2 2015 A method able to detect and quantify PM oxidative potential, based on the cytochrome c (cyt-c) reduction by means of superoxide anion produced through quinones redox cycling in the presence of reducing agents, is here described. Superoxides 117-133 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 88-93 26218692-11 2015 RESULTS: The iPLA2gamma-specific inhibitor reduced the fMLP/PMA-stimulated superoxide generation by 90% and 30%, respectively; in addition, the inhibitor completely blocked the fMLP/PMA-activated elastase release. Superoxides 75-85 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 55-59 25284589-12 2015 Finally, Gln starvation increases superoxide levels in Hace1(-/-) MEFs, and NADPH oxidase inhibitors block the induction of superoxide and cell death by Gln starvation. Superoxides 34-44 HECT domain and ankyrin repeat containing, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 Mus musculus 55-60 26163808-3 2015 LPS-stimulated iNOS and NADPH oxidase (Nox) activity in RAW 264.7 murine macrophages was assessed by measuring cellular nitrate and superoxide ( [Formula: see text] ) production, respectively. Superoxides 132-142 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 15-19 25284589-6 2015 Hace1 targets the Rac1 GTPase for degradation at Rac1-dependent NADPH oxidase complexes, blocking superoxide generation by the latter. Superoxides 98-108 HECT domain and ankyrin repeat containing, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 Mus musculus 0-5 25809538-3 2015 Neutrophils of obese subjects showed significant elevation of the release of basal superoxides (P < 0.0001), formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-stimulated superoxides (P < 0.0001) and opsonized zymosan (OZ)-stimulated superoxides (P < 0.045) compared with lean controls. Superoxides 168-179 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 151-155 26071379-3 2015 A pepducin with a peptide sequence identical to the third intracellular loop of FPR1 was found to inhibit neutrophil functions including granule mobilization and superoxide production. Superoxides 162-172 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 80-84 25980585-5 2015 Briefly, honokiol inhibited fMLP-induced superoxide anion production (IC50 = 9.80 +- 0.21 muM, n = 4), cathepsin G release (IC50 = 14.23 +- 1.43 muM, n = 4) and migration (IC50 = 5.69 +- 1.51 muM, n = 4) in a concentration dependent manner. Superoxides 41-57 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 25670255-2 2015 Angiotensin II is a well-recognized stimulus for superoxide production through NADPH oxidase activation and opening of the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels (mKATP). Superoxides 49-59 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-14 25670255-9 2015 Myocardial superoxide production was also increased by angiotensin II, and this action was completely prevented either by NADPH oxidase inhibition or mKATP channel blockade. Superoxides 11-21 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 55-69 25809538-3 2015 Neutrophils of obese subjects showed significant elevation of the release of basal superoxides (P < 0.0001), formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-stimulated superoxides (P < 0.0001) and opsonized zymosan (OZ)-stimulated superoxides (P < 0.045) compared with lean controls. Superoxides 168-179 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 151-155 25761747-6 2015 The ability of CCK-8 to cause EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation was blocked by CI-988, gefitinib (EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor), PP2 (Src inhibitor), GM6001 (matrix metalloprotease inhibitor), and tiron (superoxide scavenger). Superoxides 202-212 cholecystokinin Homo sapiens 15-18 25841779-0 2015 Transforming growth factor beta-interacting factor-induced malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma cells depends on superoxide production from Nox4. Superoxides 126-136 TGFB induced factor homeobox 1 Homo sapiens 0-50 25841779-7 2015 Overexpression of TGIF in HepG2 cells increased superoxide production from Nox4, matrix metalloproteinase expression, invadopodia formation, and cellular migration/invasion ability. Superoxides 48-58 TGFB induced factor homeobox 1 Homo sapiens 18-22 25841779-9 2015 Using gene knockdown and pharmacological inhibitors, we demonstrate that c-Src/AKT is the upstream signaling that regulates TGIF-induced Nox4 activation and subsequent superoxide production. Superoxides 168-178 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 73-78 25841779-9 2015 Using gene knockdown and pharmacological inhibitors, we demonstrate that c-Src/AKT is the upstream signaling that regulates TGIF-induced Nox4 activation and subsequent superoxide production. Superoxides 168-178 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 79-82 25841779-9 2015 Using gene knockdown and pharmacological inhibitors, we demonstrate that c-Src/AKT is the upstream signaling that regulates TGIF-induced Nox4 activation and subsequent superoxide production. Superoxides 168-178 TGFB induced factor homeobox 1 Homo sapiens 124-128 26164722-8 2015 Treatment of cardiomyocytes with Ang II also increased superoxide production, and this effect of Ang II was attenuated by HET0016. Superoxides 55-65 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 33-39 26164722-8 2015 Treatment of cardiomyocytes with Ang II also increased superoxide production, and this effect of Ang II was attenuated by HET0016. Superoxides 55-65 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 97-103 25761747-6 2015 The ability of CCK-8 to cause EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation was blocked by CI-988, gefitinib (EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor), PP2 (Src inhibitor), GM6001 (matrix metalloprotease inhibitor), and tiron (superoxide scavenger). Superoxides 202-212 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 30-34 25983062-2 2015 This process occurs at least due partially to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (PHOX) activation, which leads to the production of superoxide and oxidative stress. Superoxides 150-160 dual oxidase 2 Homo sapiens 46-97 26164722-10 2015 All results suggest that 20-HETE may play a key role in Ang II-induced apoptosis in cardiomyocytes by a mitochondrial superoxide-dependent pathway. Superoxides 118-128 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 56-62 25877692-8 2015 These results suggest the possibility that the elimination of the clonogenic potentials of CD34(+) cells involves the generation of mitochondrial superoxide induced by ionizing radiation. Superoxides 146-156 CD34 molecule Homo sapiens 91-95 26076008-5 2015 Superoxide production by NOX2 requires the p47(phox) (NCF1) subunit to organize the formation of the NOX2 complex on the cell membrane. Superoxides 0-10 NSFL1 (p97) cofactor (p47) Mus musculus 43-46 25906743-1 2015 Extracellular-superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is one of the main anti-oxidative enzymes that protect cells against the damaging effects of superoxide. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 36-42 26100311-9 2015 Superoxide generation was higher and equal in neonatal CD4+ and CD8+ cells, respectively, compared to the adult ones. Superoxides 0-10 CD4 molecule Homo sapiens 55-58 26221846-5 2015 A cytochrome c assay revealed that the O2 (-) inhibitory activity of Mn-por could be maintained even after treatment with simulated gastric and intestinal fluids. Superoxides 39-41 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 2-14 25725292-5 2015 TNF-alpha/CHX time-dependently increased intracellular total ROS and mitochondrial superoxide anion production in MODE-K cells, starting from 2h. Superoxides 83-99 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 0-9 25725292-7 2015 The mitochondrial electron transport chain inhibitors, amytal (IQ site of complex I) and TTFA (Qp site of complex II) showed a pronounced decrease in TNF-alpha/CHX-induced total ROS, mitochondrial superoxide anion and cell death levels. Superoxides 197-213 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 150-159 25725292-9 2015 The results suggest that mitochondria and NOX are the two major sources of ROS overproduction during TNF-alpha/CHX-induced cell death in MODE-K cells, with superoxide anions being the major ROS species. Superoxides 156-173 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 101-110 25340263-0 2015 Bazedoxifene blocks AGEs-RAGE-induced superoxide generation and MCP-1 level in endothelial cells. Superoxides 38-48 advanced glycosylation end product-specific receptor Mus musculus 25-29 25724429-1 2015 UNLABELLED: Here, evidence suggests that nitric oxide synthases (NOS) of tumor cells, in contrast with normal tissues, synthesize predominantly superoxide and peroxynitrite. Superoxides 144-154 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 41-63 25552596-6 2015 However, adiponectin expression in PVAT was positively correlated with vascular NADPH oxidase-derived O2 (-). Superoxides 102-104 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Homo sapiens 9-20 25744413-4 2015 The specific iNOS inhibitor 1400 W significantly attenuated the LPS-induced mitochondrial superoxide production and dysfunction in adrenal glands, and reversed the LPS-induced adrenocortical hyporesponsiveness to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Superoxides 90-100 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 13-17 25744413-4 2015 The specific iNOS inhibitor 1400 W significantly attenuated the LPS-induced mitochondrial superoxide production and dysfunction in adrenal glands, and reversed the LPS-induced adrenocortical hyporesponsiveness to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Superoxides 90-100 toll-like receptor 4 Mus musculus 64-67 25878055-10 2015 Citrate synthase activity and mitochondrial biogenesis gene were downregulated, and superoxide production was significantly increased in the skeletal muscle from CKD, and these changes were normalized in CKD + AST-120. Superoxides 84-94 transmembrane protease, serine 11d Mus musculus 210-213 25940438-8 2015 Moreover, silencing of S100A11 stimulated mitochondrial superoxide production, which was decreased by AACOCF(3), as well as N-acetyl-L-cysteine, which also mimicked the effect of PLA(2) inhibitor on NSCLC chemosensitization upon S100A11 silencing. Superoxides 56-66 S100 calcium binding protein A11 Homo sapiens 23-30 25992608-2 2015 Mice overexpressing the mitochondrial matrix isoform of superoxide dismutase (sod2(tg) mice) and/or transgenically expressing catalase within the mitochondrial matrix (mcat(tg) mice) have increased scavenging of O2( -) and H2O2, respectively. Superoxides 212-214 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 78-82 25993470-8 2015 RESULTS: Angiotensin II promotes insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells via mitochondrial oxidative stress, resulting in a two-fold increase in superoxide generation. Superoxides 149-159 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 9-23 25993470-11 2015 Acetyl-L-carnitine, by lowering angiotensin II-induced mitochondrial superoxide formation, prevents Sirtuin3 dysfunction. Superoxides 69-79 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 32-46 25993470-14 2015 CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that angiotensin II-induced insulin resistance fosters mitochondrial superoxide generation, in turn leading to Sirtuin3 dysfunction. Superoxides 103-113 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 39-53 25047230-0 2015 Immobilization of superoxide dismutase on Pt-Pd/MWCNTs hybrid modified electrode surface for superoxide anion detection. Superoxides 93-109 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 18-38 25047230-2 2015 In the present work, we fabricated a novel O2( -) electrochemical sensor through immobilizing superoxide dismutase (SOD) onto a Pt-Pd/MWCNTs hybrid modified electrode surface. Superoxides 43-45 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 94-114 25047230-2 2015 In the present work, we fabricated a novel O2( -) electrochemical sensor through immobilizing superoxide dismutase (SOD) onto a Pt-Pd/MWCNTs hybrid modified electrode surface. Superoxides 43-45 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 116-119 25047230-5 2015 Thanks to the specific biocatalysis of SOD towards O2( -) and the Pt-Pd/MWCNTs - promoted fast electron transfer at the fabricated interface, the developed biosensor exhibits a fast, selective and linear amperometric response upon O2( -) in the concentration scope of 40-1550 muM (R(2)=0.9941), with a sensitivity of 0.601 mA cm(-2) mM(-1) and a detection limit of 0.71 muM (S/N=3). Superoxides 51-53 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 39-42 25047230-5 2015 Thanks to the specific biocatalysis of SOD towards O2( -) and the Pt-Pd/MWCNTs - promoted fast electron transfer at the fabricated interface, the developed biosensor exhibits a fast, selective and linear amperometric response upon O2( -) in the concentration scope of 40-1550 muM (R(2)=0.9941), with a sensitivity of 0.601 mA cm(-2) mM(-1) and a detection limit of 0.71 muM (S/N=3). Superoxides 231-233 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 39-42 25940438-9 2015 Thus, we present the novel TSN-S100A11-PLA(2) axis regulating superoxide-dependent apoptosis, triggered by platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents in NSCLC that may be targeted by innovative cancer therapies. Superoxides 62-72 S100 calcium binding protein A11 Homo sapiens 31-38 25940438-9 2015 Thus, we present the novel TSN-S100A11-PLA(2) axis regulating superoxide-dependent apoptosis, triggered by platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents in NSCLC that may be targeted by innovative cancer therapies. Superoxides 62-72 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 39-45 25770601-0 2015 Anamperometric superoxide anion radicalbiosensor based on SOD/PtPd-PDARGO modified electrode. Superoxides 15-31 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 58-61 25605636-8 2015 Superoxide flashes, spontaneous bursts of superoxide generation, caused by opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), occur more frequently in AHS iPSCs-Hep. Superoxides 0-10 protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, U Mus musculus 134-138 25605636-8 2015 Superoxide flashes, spontaneous bursts of superoxide generation, caused by opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP), occur more frequently in AHS iPSCs-Hep. Superoxides 42-52 protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, U Mus musculus 134-138 25565313-9 2015 In vitro analysis of primary mesangial cells showed that deletion of p47(phox) led to reduced basal levels of superoxide and collagen IV production. Superoxides 110-120 NSFL1 (p97) cofactor (p47) Mus musculus 69-72 25565313-9 2015 In vitro analysis of primary mesangial cells showed that deletion of p47(phox) led to reduced basal levels of superoxide and collagen IV production. Superoxides 110-120 NSFL1 (p97) cofactor (p47) Mus musculus 73-77 25711612-13 2015 Interleukin-10 deficiency also resulted in increased myeloperoxidase activity, greater depletion of reduced glutathione levels, increased superoxide anion production and the maintenance of high plasma concentrations of creatine kinase (until 24 h after the swimming session) in soleus muscle (P 0.05). Superoxides 138-154 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 0-14 25589411-5 2015 While endosomal superoxide production induces caspase-1 and NLRP3 transcription, it does not affect prae-IL-1beta transcription. Superoxides 16-26 caspase 1 Homo sapiens 46-55 25589411-5 2015 While endosomal superoxide production induces caspase-1 and NLRP3 transcription, it does not affect prae-IL-1beta transcription. Superoxides 16-26 NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 Homo sapiens 60-65 25875935-9 2015 Insulin and apocynin attenuate ROS and O2 - generation, and restored vascular reactivity to U46619 and CGRP. Superoxides 39-41 insulin Homo sapiens 0-7 25598170-7 2015 Angiotensin II, AT1 receptors and NAD(P)H oxidase-derived superoxide anions pathway in the PVN are mainly responsible for the enhanced CSAR in CHF and hypertension. Superoxides 58-75 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-14 25874717-4 2015 Treatment with inflammatory cytokine TNFalpha increased superoxide and oxidative stress and decreased eNOS and VE-cadherin acutely over 48 hours in aortic valve endothelial cells (VEC) and chronically over 21 days in ex vivo AV leaflets. Superoxides 56-66 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 37-45 25460870-1 2015 BACKGROUND: Hyperglycemia in patients with acute coronary syndromes is associated with poor outcomes, and its rapid correction with insulin infusion has been shown to restore platelet responsiveness to nitric oxide and to suppress superoxide (O2(-)) generation. Superoxides 231-241 insulin Homo sapiens 132-139 25460870-1 2015 BACKGROUND: Hyperglycemia in patients with acute coronary syndromes is associated with poor outcomes, and its rapid correction with insulin infusion has been shown to restore platelet responsiveness to nitric oxide and to suppress superoxide (O2(-)) generation. Superoxides 243-245 insulin Homo sapiens 132-139 25450812-2 2015 Hyperglycemia leads to increased production of superoxide radical in mitochondrial electron transport chain, consequently, inhibit glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, increase the flux of substrates that direct the expression of genes responsible for activation of polyol, hexosamine, advanced glycation end products and protein kinase-C pathways enzymes. Superoxides 47-65 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 131-171 25596949-4 2015 RESULTS: Atorvastatin inhibited IL-1beta-induced GAGs release, TNF-alpha, MMP-13, and O2(-) with no effect on TIMP-1 and NO. Superoxides 86-88 interleukin 1 beta Rattus norvegicus 32-40 25578810-1 2015 Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is a highly conserved bimetallic protein enzyme, used for the scavenging the superoxide radicals (O2 (-)) produced due to aerobic metabolism in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Superoxides 6-16 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 30-34 25129059-4 2015 Increased bacterial catalase and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities by S. aureus with concomitant decrease in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide anion, and nitric oxide (NO) release were observed in case of prior CXCR1 blocking. Superoxides 149-165 chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 1 Mus musculus 228-233 25388649-8 2015 The enhanced superoxide anion production in glomeruli and proximal tubules, associated with the increased expression of gp91(phox) and p47(phox), is involved in the oxidative stress in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Superoxides 13-29 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Rattus norvegicus 125-129 25388649-8 2015 The enhanced superoxide anion production in glomeruli and proximal tubules, associated with the increased expression of gp91(phox) and p47(phox), is involved in the oxidative stress in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Superoxides 13-29 NSFL1 cofactor Rattus norvegicus 135-138 25388649-8 2015 The enhanced superoxide anion production in glomeruli and proximal tubules, associated with the increased expression of gp91(phox) and p47(phox), is involved in the oxidative stress in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. Superoxides 13-29 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Rattus norvegicus 139-143 25578810-1 2015 Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is a highly conserved bimetallic protein enzyme, used for the scavenging the superoxide radicals (O2 (-)) produced due to aerobic metabolism in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Superoxides 134-136 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 30-34 25779629-5 2015 Like an aged bone, Sod2 depletion in the osteocytes positively enhanced the production of cellular superoxide in vivo. Superoxides 99-109 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 19-23 25711811-2 2015 Recombinant AIR12 from Arabidopsis accepted electrons from ascorbate or superoxide, and donated electrons to either monodehydroascorbate or oxygen. Superoxides 72-82 auxin-induced in root cultures-like protein Arabidopsis thaliana 12-17 25711811-7 2015 However, AIR12-overexpressing plants accumulated ROS (superoxide, hydrogen peroxide) and lipid peroxides in leaves, indicating that AIR12 may alter the redox state of the apoplast under particular conditions. Superoxides 54-64 auxin-induced in root cultures-like protein Arabidopsis thaliana 9-14 25779629-10 2015 These findings demonstrate that the mitochondrial superoxide induced in osteocytes by Sod2 ablation causes age-related bone loss due to the impairment of canalicular networks and bone metabolism via the deregulation of the sclerostin and RANKL expression. Superoxides 50-60 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 86-90 25288672-7 2015 Mechanistic analysis of superoxide-deficient bone marrow-derived macrophages revealed a marked diminution in a proinflammatory M1 phenotype due to decreased P-STAT1 (Y701) and interferon regulatory factor 5 compared with NOD mice. Superoxides 24-34 interferon regulatory factor 5 Mus musculus 176-206 25751262-1 2015 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3), which catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide anions to hydrogen peroxide at the cell membranes, regulates the cellular growth in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 78-95 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 36-40 25713188-8 2015 With this Perspective, approaches that stimulate AMPK and PGC1alpha via exercise, caloric restriction, and medications result in stimulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation activity, restore physiologic mitochondrial superoxide production, and promote organ healing. Superoxides 228-238 PPARG coactivator 1 alpha Homo sapiens 58-67 25399352-1 2015 MAIN CONCLUSION: NADPH oxidase AtrbohD an d AtrbohF negatively modulate lateral root development by changing the peroxidase activity and increasing the local generation of superoxide in primary roots of Arabidopsis in an auxin-independent manner. Superoxides 172-182 peroxidase Arabidopsis thaliana 113-123 25490952-10 2015 Furthermore, Cd-induced superoxide and lipid peroxidation mediated activation of proapoptotic markers p21 and p53 in the developing embryo. Superoxides 24-34 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 110-113 25399352-8 2015 Moreover, the deficiency of AtrbohD and AtrbohF caused a marked increase in peroxidase activity in the mature root zone, which contributed to the localized accumulation of O2 (-) and the elevated LR density in the double mutants. Superoxides 172-174 peroxidase Arabidopsis thaliana 76-86 25690286-3 2015 Results indicated that CPF1 (molecular weight less than 1 kDa) and CPF2 (molecular weight between 1 and 3 kDa) exhibited good hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion radical and 2,2"-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonicacid) diammonium salt (ABTS) radical scavenging activity and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC). Superoxides 144-168 cytochrome P450 family 4 subfamily F member 2 Homo sapiens 67-71 25671321-8 2015 Further, we show that increasing mitochondrial superoxide levels through deletion of sod-2 or treatment with paraquat can still increase lifespan in clk-1;sod-1 double mutants, which live shorter than clk-1 worms. Superoxides 47-57 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 155-160 25699251-1 2015 The superoxide (O( -) 2)-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes consists of a membrane component, cytochrome b 558 (a heterodimer of Nox2 and p22 (phox) ), and four cytosolic components, p47 (phox) , p67 (phox) , p40 (phox) , and Rac. Superoxides 4-14 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 200-203 25699251-1 2015 The superoxide (O( -) 2)-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes consists of a membrane component, cytochrome b 558 (a heterodimer of Nox2 and p22 (phox) ), and four cytosolic components, p47 (phox) , p67 (phox) , p40 (phox) , and Rac. Superoxides 4-14 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 230-233 25288367-4 2015 It is claimed that ET-1 induces proinflammatory mechanisms, increasing superoxide anion production and cytokine secretion. Superoxides 71-87 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 19-23 25709434-8 2015 Importantly, the cytotoxic effects of TiO2NPs were attenuated by the pretreatment of hFOB 1.19 cells with SOD, indicating the significant role of O2 ( -) in the cell damage and death observed. Superoxides 40-42 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 106-109 25476852-5 2015 We found that incubation of purified recombinant Sirt6 protein with 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1; a peroxynitrite donor that generates nitric oxide and superoxide simultaneously) increased Sirt6 tyrosine nitration and decreased its intrinsic catalytic activity. Superoxides 154-164 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 93-98 25229693-7 2015 Moreover, metformin administration partially although significantly attenuated PTEN deletion-induced accumulation of superoxide. Superoxides 117-127 phosphatase and tensin homolog Mus musculus 79-83 25628043-7 2015 Compared to AFs from wild-type mice, AFs derived from apoE(-/-) mice exhibited elevated NADPH oxidase activity, O2(-) production and higher mRNA and protein levels of p47phox, correlated with increased capability of proliferation and migration. Superoxides 112-117 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 54-58 23836447-9 2015 These results suggest that upregulation of eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177 and eNOS phosphorylation at Thr495 produce NO and superoxide anions, respectively, resulting in generation of peroxynitrite, which causes impairment of vascular endothelial cells. Superoxides 125-142 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 43-47 23836447-9 2015 These results suggest that upregulation of eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177 and eNOS phosphorylation at Thr495 produce NO and superoxide anions, respectively, resulting in generation of peroxynitrite, which causes impairment of vascular endothelial cells. Superoxides 125-142 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 79-83 25535282-0 2015 Atg7 enhances host defense against infection via downregulation of superoxide but upregulation of nitric oxide. Superoxides 67-77 autophagy related 7 Mus musculus 0-4 25493575-9 2015 Simultaneous delivery of the AID peptide with curcumin allowed for effective attenuation of the L-type Ca(2+) channel-activated increases in superoxide (assessed as changes in DHE fluorescence; Empty NP = 53.1 +- 7.6%; NP-C-AID = 7.32 +- 3.57%) and mitochondrial membrane potential (assessed as changes in JC-1 fluorescence; Empty NP = 19.8 +- 2.8%; NP-C-AID=13.05 +- 1.78%). Superoxides 141-151 activation-induced cytidine deaminase Rattus norvegicus 29-32 25872153-5 2015 After pretreatment with S1P, the fMLP-activated neutrophils released increased levels of superoxide anions. Superoxides 89-106 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 33-37 25460325-7 2015 This SOD-1 increase was associated with an increase in sod1 gene expression, increase in SOD-1 activity, and decrease in O2( -) levels. Superoxides 121-123 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 5-10 25416191-3 2015 This covalent modification enhances ACE reactivity toward angiotensin II (ANG II)-NADPH oxidase-superoxide-dependent endothelial dysfunction. Superoxides 96-106 angiotensin I converting enzyme Rattus norvegicus 36-39 25416191-3 2015 This covalent modification enhances ACE reactivity toward angiotensin II (ANG II)-NADPH oxidase-superoxide-dependent endothelial dysfunction. Superoxides 96-106 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 74-80 26120888-5 2015 We exposed HepG2 cells to different concentrations of cadmium chloride (2.5, 5, and 10 muM) for 12 h. We found that Cd induced mitochondrial-derived superoxide anion-dependent autophagic cell death. Superoxides 149-165 latexin Homo sapiens 87-90 25089004-8 2015 However, O2- generation by the macula densa increased to 21.4 +- 2.5 unit min(-1) in Ang II-induced hypertensive mice. Superoxides 9-11 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 85-91 25089004-11 2015 CONCLUSIONS: Under physiological conditions, TGF response is mainly controlled by the NO generated in the macula densa; in Ang II induced hypertension, the TGF response is mainly controlled by the O2- generated by the macula densa. Superoxides 197-199 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 123-129 24965329-4 2015 Superoxide anion production was assessed by determination of the reduction of cytochrome c and iodonitrotetrazolium (INT), lipid peroxidation (LPO), metallothioneins (MTs), and catalase (CAT) activity. Superoxides 0-16 catalase Rattus norvegicus 177-185 24965329-4 2015 Superoxide anion production was assessed by determination of the reduction of cytochrome c and iodonitrotetrazolium (INT), lipid peroxidation (LPO), metallothioneins (MTs), and catalase (CAT) activity. Superoxides 0-16 catalase Rattus norvegicus 187-190 26155184-3 2015 Although preliminary studies with CGD patients on treatment with IFN-gamma showed that it enhanced phagocytosis and superoxide production, ongoing studies did not reveal a significant increase of this function. Superoxides 116-126 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 65-74 26120888-12 2015 These results suggest that melatonin exerts a hepatoprotective effect on mitochondrial-derived O2( -)-stimulated autophagic cell death that is dependent on the SIRT3/SOD2 pathway. Superoxides 95-101 sirtuin 3 Homo sapiens 160-165 26550576-1 2015 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) is a secreted enzyme that uses superoxide anion as a substrate in a dismutase reaction that results in the formation of hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 73-89 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 36-40 26155184-11 2015 CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that IFN-gamma treatment may increase the oxidative bursting activity by increasing the superoxide production in neutrophils, particularly in gp91phox subtype. Superoxides 118-128 interferon gamma Homo sapiens 35-44 25520316-0 2015 Superoxide anion radicals induce IGF-1 resistance through concomitant activation of PTP1B and PTEN. Superoxides 0-25 phosphatase and tensin homolog Mus musculus 94-98 26599430-4 2015 Recent studies have reported that enhanced expression of cytosolic superoxide dismutase (SOD1), a critical enzyme responsible for regulation of superoxide radicals, may increase the aggressive and invasive potential of malignant cells in some cancers. Superoxides 67-77 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 89-93 23628005-7 2015 In addition, PGI2 overexpression further increased iNOS expression and superoxide accumulation in cardiomyocytes compared with DOX alone, which may be the reason for aggravated cytotoxicity. Superoxides 71-81 prostaglandin I receptor (IP) Mus musculus 13-17 25520316-3 2015 We report here that IGF-1 signalling in vitro and in a murine ageing model in vivo is suppressed in response to accumulation of superoxide anions (O2 -) in mitochondria, either by chemical inhibition of complex I or by genetic silencing of O2 --dismutating mitochondrial Sod2. Superoxides 128-145 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 271-275 25520316-3 2015 We report here that IGF-1 signalling in vitro and in a murine ageing model in vivo is suppressed in response to accumulation of superoxide anions (O2 -) in mitochondria, either by chemical inhibition of complex I or by genetic silencing of O2 --dismutating mitochondrial Sod2. Superoxides 147-149 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 271-275 25520316-5 2015 Enhanced O2 - led to activation of the phosphatases PTP1B and PTEN, which via dephosphorylation of the IGF-1 receptor and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate dampened IGF-1 signalling. Superoxides 9-11 phosphatase and tensin homolog Mus musculus 62-66 25520316-6 2015 Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of PTP1B and PTEN abrogated O2 --induced IGF-1 resistance and rescued the ageing skin phenotype. Superoxides 65-67 phosphatase and tensin homolog Mus musculus 50-54 25385799-0 2015 Neutralization of mitochondrial superoxide by superoxide dismutase 2 promotes bacterial clearance and regulates phagocyte numbers in zebrafish. Superoxides 32-42 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Danio rerio 46-68 26255385-2 2015 To study the anti-inflammation effect, 14 compounds of phenolic acid phenethyl esters are synthesised, while the inhibition on superoxide anion generation (which is linked to an inflammation effect) induced by PMA and fMLP stimulants is detected. Superoxides 127-143 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 218-222 25252686-7 2015 The activated p53 appears to delay retroviral gene expression by suppressing NADPH oxidase, a superoxide-producing enzyme. Superoxides 94-104 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 14-17 26156624-6 2015 RESULTS: Pioglitazone significantly reduced angiotensin II-induced enhanced lipid deposition and superoxide production in the adventitia of the aorta, as detected by oil red O and dihydroethidium (DHE) staining, respectively. Superoxides 97-107 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 44-58 26670366-10 2015 DCBPY and SOD inhibits the reduction of cytochrome c and inhibited the NO consumption by O2-, showing that O2- has been removed from the solution. Superoxides 107-109 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 40-52 26670366-6 2015 The O2- was generated using hypoxantine xantine oxidase and the reduction of cytochrome c, NO consumption by O2- and the effect in avoid NO consumption was measured. Superoxides 4-6 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 77-89 25446015-3 2015 Angiotensin II (Ang II) activates NADPH-dependent oxidases, which are a major source of superoxide and are upregulated in major aging-related diseases such as hypertension and neurodegenerative disease. Superoxides 88-98 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 0-14 25446015-3 2015 Angiotensin II (Ang II) activates NADPH-dependent oxidases, which are a major source of superoxide and are upregulated in major aging-related diseases such as hypertension and neurodegenerative disease. Superoxides 88-98 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 16-22 26180586-2 2015 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes play a pivotal role in the antioxidant system and they also catalyze superoxide radicals. Superoxides 104-114 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 22-25 26101557-4 2015 RESULTS: In in vitro study, more significant increases in mitochondrial superoxide production and Prx 3 expression were detected in the MT-I/II KO groups. Superoxides 72-82 metallothionein 1 Mus musculus 136-146 25083917-7 2014 However, even without the full reduction to Cu(I), the Cu site in the Zn-less variants of SOD1 is shown to be catalytically incompetent: unable to bind superoxide in a way comparable to the WT-SOD1. Superoxides 152-162 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 90-94 26301039-3 2015 Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD, SOD2) is a mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme that converts toxic superoxide to hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 32-38 26301039-3 2015 Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD, SOD2) is a mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme that converts toxic superoxide to hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 40-44 25317685-11 2015 Angiotensin II manipulates the free radical-antioxidant balance in the vasculature by selectively increasing O2(-) production and decreasing SOD activity and causes an oxidative stress induced elevation in blood pressure in the Wistar rat. Superoxides 109-114 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-14 26417938-0 2015 Hydrogen peroxide-independent generation of superoxide catalyzed by soybean peroxidase in response to ferrous ion. Superoxides 44-54 peroxidase Glycine max 76-86 26417938-3 2015 By employing the purified proteins of horseradish peroxidase as a model, we have recently proposed a likely role for free Fe(2+) in reduction of ferric enzyme of plant peroxidases into ferrous intermediate and oxygen-bound form of enzyme known as Compound III which may eventually releases superoxide anion radical (O2( -)), especially under alkaline condition, possibly contributing to the plant defense mechanism. Superoxides 290-314 peroxidase Glycine max 50-60 25493635-5 2014 Among the isolated compounds, 5-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavone (5), quercetin (6), and (2S)-7-hydroxyflavanone (10) exhibited potent inhibition of fMLP-induced superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils, with IC50 values of 1.77 +- 0.70, 3.82 +- 0.46, and 4.92 +- 1.71 muM, respectively. Superoxides 154-170 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 141-145 25269106-5 2014 The rate of superoxide anion radical (O2(-)) production under Fe(III)-oxalate/H2O2/UV (350 nm) was 0.19 +- 0.02 muM/min with a steady-state concentration of 5.43 +- 0.473 x 10(-10) M. Detailed product studies using liquid chromatography coupled to Q-TOF/MS demonstrate both reduction (multiple dehalogenations) and oxidation (aromatic ring and side chains) contribute to the degradation pathways. Superoxides 12-36 latexin Homo sapiens 112-115 25269106-5 2014 The rate of superoxide anion radical (O2(-)) production under Fe(III)-oxalate/H2O2/UV (350 nm) was 0.19 +- 0.02 muM/min with a steady-state concentration of 5.43 +- 0.473 x 10(-10) M. Detailed product studies using liquid chromatography coupled to Q-TOF/MS demonstrate both reduction (multiple dehalogenations) and oxidation (aromatic ring and side chains) contribute to the degradation pathways. Superoxides 38-40 latexin Homo sapiens 112-115 25474089-4 2014 Additional studies have reported that over-expressing copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), an intracellular superoxide (O2 -) scavenging enzyme, in the SFO attenuates chronic AngII-induced hypertension. Superoxides 66-76 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 88-95 25474595-5 2014 (N11) significantly inhibited superoxide anion generation and elastase release in formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP)-activated human neutrophils, with IC50 values of 0.67+-0.38 microg/ml and 0.84+-0.12 microg/ml, respectively. Superoxides 30-46 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 127-131 25307720-3 2014 This study was designed to investigate whether PVN superoxide anions mediate CSAR and Ang II-induced CSAR enhancement response in fructose-induced insulin resistance (IR) rats. Superoxides 51-68 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 86-92 25307720-8 2014 Moreover, PVN pre-treatment with tempol or losartan prevented superoxide anions increase caused by Ang II in IR rats. Superoxides 62-79 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 99-105 25307720-9 2014 CONCLUSION: PVN superoxide anions mediate CSAR and Ang II-induced CSAR response in IR rats. Superoxides 16-33 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 51-57 25307720-10 2014 In IR state, increased NAD(P)H oxidase activity and decreased SOD and CAT activities in the PVN promote superoxide anions increase to involve in CSAR enhancement. Superoxides 104-121 catalase Rattus norvegicus 70-73 25307720-11 2014 Ang II may increase NAD(P)H oxidase activity via AT1 receptor to induce superoxide anion production. Superoxides 72-88 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-6 25474089-4 2014 Additional studies have reported that over-expressing copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), an intracellular superoxide (O2 -) scavenging enzyme, in the SFO attenuates chronic AngII-induced hypertension. Superoxides 66-76 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 182-187 25474089-4 2014 Additional studies have reported that over-expressing copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), an intracellular superoxide (O2 -) scavenging enzyme, in the SFO attenuates chronic AngII-induced hypertension. Superoxides 127-129 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 88-95 25474089-5 2014 Herein, we tested the hypothesis that overproduction of O2 - in the MnPO is an underlying mechanism in the long-term hypertensive effects of chronic AngII. Superoxides 56-58 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 149-154 25474089-9 2014 These results support the hypothesis that production of O2 - in the MnPO contributes to the development of chronic AngII-dependent hypertension. Superoxides 56-58 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 115-120 25246240-9 2014 Our data indicate that diosgenin exhibits inhibitory effects on superoxide anion production through the blockade of cAMP, PKA, cPLA2, PAK, Akt and MAPKs signaling pathways. Superoxides 64-80 thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1 Mus musculus 139-142 25091502-0 2014 Endothelin-1 contributes to endothelial dysfunction and enhanced vasoconstriction through augmented superoxide production in penile arteries from insulin-resistant obese rats: role of ET(A) and ET(B) receptors. Superoxides 100-110 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-12 25091502-4 2014 KEY RESULTS: ET-1 stimulated acute O2 (-) production that was blunted by tempol and the NADPH oxidase inhibitor, apocynin, but markedly enhanced in obese animals. Superoxides 35-41 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 13-17 25091502-6 2014 Selective ETA (BQ123) or ETB receptor (BQ788) antagonists reduced both basal and ET-1-stimulated superoxide generation and reversed ET-1-induced inhibition of NO-mediated relaxations in OZR, while only BQ-123 antagonized ET-1 actions in LZR. Superoxides 97-107 endothelin 1 Rattus norvegicus 81-85 25183231-1 2014 We have reported the molecular characterization including gene silencing, superoxide activity, superoxide anion production, gene expression and molecular characterization of a mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (mMnSOD) from striped murrel Channa striatus (named as CsmMnSOD). Superoxides 74-84 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 222-228 25183231-1 2014 We have reported the molecular characterization including gene silencing, superoxide activity, superoxide anion production, gene expression and molecular characterization of a mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (mMnSOD) from striped murrel Channa striatus (named as CsmMnSOD). Superoxides 95-111 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 222-228 25363644-6 2014 SOD and L-NMMA could abolish the PLX4032-induced increase in intracellular O2 (-) and NO production, thereby rescuing cell growth in BRAF mutant A375 cells (A375(BRAFV600E)). Superoxides 75-77 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 25490417-4 2014 Treatment of hph1 mice with recombinant human EPO (1000 U/kg, subcutaneously for 3 days) significantly decreased superoxide anion production by eNOS and improved BH4 to 7,8-BH2 ratio in aortas. Superoxides 113-129 erythropoietin Homo sapiens 46-49 25363644-0 2014 Involvement of superoxide and nitric oxide in BRAF(V600E) inhibitor PLX4032-induced growth inhibition of melanoma cells. Superoxides 15-25 B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase Homo sapiens 46-50 25151272-6 2014 Superoxide anion (O2(.-)) accumulation was measured with the reduction of ferricytochrome c. Compared with the control group, angiotensin II up-regulated expression of PKCbetaII, Pin-1 and PP2A, induced p66(Shc)-Ser(36) phosphorylation, and facilitated p66(Shc) mitochondrial translocation, resulting in O2(.-) accumulation, mitochondrial cytochrome c release, caspase 3 activation, and the inhibition of cell viability. Superoxides 0-16 peptidyl-prolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1 Mus musculus 179-184 25339677-0 2014 DOCK2 and DOCK5 act additively in neutrophils to regulate chemotaxis, superoxide production, and extracellular trap formation. Superoxides 70-80 dedicator of cyto-kinesis 2 Mus musculus 0-5 25406086-14 2014 These effects are accompanied by increased expression of AT2 receptor, which provide positive effects against Ang II-induced superoxide generation, resulting in attenuation of AngII-induced vasoconstriction. Superoxides 125-135 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 110-116 25437917-3 2014 Anti-inflammatory activity of new metabolites to inhibit the superoxide anion generation and elastase release in N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (FMLP/CB)-induced human neutrophil cells and cytotoxicity of both new compounds toward five cancer cell lines were reported. Superoxides 61-77 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 169-173 25406086-14 2014 These effects are accompanied by increased expression of AT2 receptor, which provide positive effects against Ang II-induced superoxide generation, resulting in attenuation of AngII-induced vasoconstriction. Superoxides 125-135 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 176-181 25163518-1 2014 We recently demonstrated increased superoxide (O2( -)) and decreased H2O2 levels in pulmonary arteries of chronic hypoxia-exposed wild-type and normoxic superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) knockout mice. Superoxides 35-45 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 177-181 25163518-1 2014 We recently demonstrated increased superoxide (O2( -)) and decreased H2O2 levels in pulmonary arteries of chronic hypoxia-exposed wild-type and normoxic superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) knockout mice. Superoxides 47-49 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 177-181 25398022-9 2014 Immunoreactivity of the catalytic subunit of nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, Nox2, and superoxide were elevated in ApoE-/- mice that were fed the low n-3 PUFA diet, and this was also significantly attenuated in mice that were fed the high n-3 PUFA diet. Superoxides 116-126 apolipoprotein E Mus musculus 144-148 25288807-5 2014 Upon LPS stimulation, stefin B was targeted into the mitochondria, and the lack of stefin B resulted in the increased destabilization of mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial superoxide generation. Superoxides 188-198 cystatin B Mus musculus 83-91 25370744-4 2014 Melanoma-predisposing CDKN2A germline mutations, which affect conserved glycine and aspartate residues within the GHDDGQ motif, impair the ability of ARF to control superoxide production and suppress growth of melanoma cells in vivo. Superoxides 165-175 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A Homo sapiens 22-28 25369284-9 2014 The ANG II/B1R agonist synergism was inhibited by losartan (AT1 blocker, 10 microM), B1R antagonist (10 microM) and Tiron (superoxide anion scavenger, 10 mM). Superoxides 123-139 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 4-14 25369284-9 2014 The ANG II/B1R agonist synergism was inhibited by losartan (AT1 blocker, 10 microM), B1R antagonist (10 microM) and Tiron (superoxide anion scavenger, 10 mM). Superoxides 123-139 bradykinin receptor B1 Rattus norvegicus 11-14 25059284-1 2014 OBJECTIVE: In vitro superoxide activates pulmonary endothelial TRPM2 channels and increases Kf . Superoxides 20-30 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 Rattus norvegicus 63-68 24947366-7 2014 Decreased GSIS in HF-fed sod2(+/-) was associated with increased ROS, such as superoxide ion. Superoxides 78-88 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 25-29 25151339-2 2014 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), a critical enzyme in the detoxification of superoxide radicals, was found to be abnormal in TD. Superoxides 71-81 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 25151339-2 2014 Superoxide dismutase (SOD), a critical enzyme in the detoxification of superoxide radicals, was found to be abnormal in TD. Superoxides 71-81 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 25059284-11 2014 CONCLUSION: Diabetic rats exhibit a TRPM2-mediated increase in lung Kf , which is associated with increased TRPM2 activation and increased vascular superoxide levels. Superoxides 148-158 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 Rattus norvegicus 36-41 25105464-14 2014 These data suggest that the NRF2 pathway is differentially responsive to CDDO-Me activation in peripheral blood cells from patients with septic shock and results in increased O2 production. Superoxides 175-177 NFE2 like bZIP transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 28-32 25134729-6 2014 However, T42EC expression enhanced Abeta-induced mitochondrial membrane potential loss and increased superoxide levels compared to what was observed in mature neurons expressing full-length tau. Superoxides 101-111 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 35-40 25160910-4 2014 Excellent activities of superoxide dismutation by PEI-SOD@HSN are found and transformation of H2 O2 to water by PEI-CAT@HSN. Superoxides 24-34 catalase Homo sapiens 116-119 25160910-5 2014 When PEI-SOD and PEI-CAT are co-encapsulated, cascade transformation of superoxide through hydrogen peroxide to water was facile. Superoxides 72-82 catalase Homo sapiens 21-24 25160910-8 2014 The rapid cell uptake and strong detoxification effect on superoxide radicals by the SOD/CAT-encapsulated hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles demonstrate the general concept of implanting catalytic nanoreactors in biological cells with designed functions. Superoxides 58-77 catalase Homo sapiens 89-92 25069039-9 2014 In addition, 4OHTAM induced O2--dependent activation of ERK, inhibition of which destabilized lysosomes/autolysosomes upon 4OHTAM treatment and together with depletion of NO led to necrotic cell death. Superoxides 28-30 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 56-59 25359976-6 2014 NGFbeta was released by macrophages in response to S. aureus exoproteins through activation of the NOD-like receptors NLRP3 and NLRP4 and enhanced phagocytosis and superoxide-dependent killing, stimulated proinflammatory cytokine production, and promoted calcium-dependent neutrophil recruitment. Superoxides 164-174 nerve growth factor Homo sapiens 0-7 25343455-8 2014 Superoxide production in vascular wall was increased by AII and BSO alone, and was markedly enhanced by AII+BSO. Superoxides 0-10 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 56-59 25343455-8 2014 Superoxide production in vascular wall was increased by AII and BSO alone, and was markedly enhanced by AII+BSO. Superoxides 0-10 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 104-107 25333617-1 2014 Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (Sod1) loss causes a redox imbalance as it leads to excess superoxide generation, which results in the appearance of various aging-related phenotypes, including skin atrophy. Superoxides 6-16 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 28-32 25285524-6 2014 Oxidative stress from menadione-generated superoxide induced JNK-dependent stathmin phosphorylation at Ser-16, Ser-25 and Ser-38 in hepatocytes. Superoxides 42-52 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 61-64 25143378-5 2014 Diphtheria toxin-mediated ablation of lysozyme M-positive (LysM(+)) monocytes in ATII-infused LysM(iDTR) transgenic mice prevented eNOS glutathionylation and eNOS-derived N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester-sensitive superoxide formation in the endothelial layer. Superoxides 220-230 lysozyme 2 Mus musculus 59-63 25143378-5 2014 Diphtheria toxin-mediated ablation of lysozyme M-positive (LysM(+)) monocytes in ATII-infused LysM(iDTR) transgenic mice prevented eNOS glutathionylation and eNOS-derived N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester-sensitive superoxide formation in the endothelial layer. Superoxides 220-230 lysozyme 2 Mus musculus 94-98 25056956-9 2014 p67(phox)-Rac-Nox2 assembly and superoxide production are both abrogated by alanine substitution for Tyr-198, Leu-199, and Val-204 in the p67(phox) activation domain that localizes the C-terminal to the Rac-binding domain. Superoxides 32-42 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 138-141 25019585-3 2014 LPS treatment resulted in an increase in the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX-4), suggesting the cytosolic overexpression of nitric oxide and superoxide anion, the primary reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxides 187-203 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 59-90 25019585-3 2014 LPS treatment resulted in an increase in the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX-4), suggesting the cytosolic overexpression of nitric oxide and superoxide anion, the primary reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxides 187-203 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 92-96 24997046-3 2014 Addition of SOD to the medium inhibited LDL oxidation, indicating the formation of superoxide anion-radicals under autoxidation of glucose. Superoxides 83-108 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 12-15 24997046-4 2014 Similarly, SOD inhibited free radical peroxidation of liposomes from egg lecithin in the presence of glucose that confirms the generation of superoxide radicals under co-oxidation of unsaturated lipids and glucose. Superoxides 141-151 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 11-14 25226386-2 2014 Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is upregulated in hyperhomocysteinemia and can generate superoxide. Superoxides 95-105 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 0-31 25226386-2 2014 Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is upregulated in hyperhomocysteinemia and can generate superoxide. Superoxides 95-105 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 33-37 25226386-8 2014 Deficiency of iNOS did not alter myocardial infarct size in mice fed the control diet but significantly increased infarct size and cardiac superoxide production in mice fed the HM/LF diet (P<0.05 vs. Nos2+/+ mice). Superoxides 139-149 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 14-18 24932545-8 2014 H2S is also capable of reducing cytochrome c(3+) with the concomitant formation of superoxide. Superoxides 83-93 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 32-44 24995577-11 2014 Additionally, esculetin induced the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential with a release of cytochrome c into the cytosol which starts at 6 h of treatment with esculetin and increases up to 24 h. Esculetin induced an increase in superoxide anion at long times of treatment and a reduction of peroxides at short times (1 h) with an observed increase at 2-4 h of treatment. Superoxides 232-248 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 95-107 25056956-0 2014 Arachidonic acid induces direct interaction of the p67(phox)-Rac complex with the phagocyte oxidase Nox2, leading to superoxide production. Superoxides 117-127 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 51-54 25056956-0 2014 Arachidonic acid induces direct interaction of the p67(phox)-Rac complex with the phagocyte oxidase Nox2, leading to superoxide production. Superoxides 117-127 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 61-64 24993132-6 2014 Moreover, Kp infection induced excessive proinflammatory cytokines and superoxide in the lung of atg7 KO mice. Superoxides 71-81 autophagy related 7 Mus musculus 97-101 24909615-5 2014 By such treatment, the protein level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was doubled and cellular oxidants, including nitric oxide, superoxide, and their derivatives, were increasingly produced. Superoxides 138-148 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 40-71 24909615-5 2014 By such treatment, the protein level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was doubled and cellular oxidants, including nitric oxide, superoxide, and their derivatives, were increasingly produced. Superoxides 138-148 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 73-77 25036668-3 2014 It was found that both immediate inflammation responses including superoxide anion generation and elastase release were significantly inhibited by treatment with compounds 20, 21, and 24 (superoxide anion generation: IC50 7.0, 7.6, 4.0 muM; elastase release: IC50 3.7, 4.4, 1.0 muM, respectively). Superoxides 188-204 latexin Homo sapiens 236-239 24327206-9 2014 Ang II, ET-1 and EGF increased myocardial superoxide production (187 +- 9 %, 149 +- 8 % and 163.7 +- 6 % of control, respectively) and AG1478 inhibited these effects. Superoxides 42-52 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-6 24327206-9 2014 Ang II, ET-1 and EGF increased myocardial superoxide production (187 +- 9 %, 149 +- 8 % and 163.7 +- 6 % of control, respectively) and AG1478 inhibited these effects. Superoxides 42-52 endothelin 1 Homo sapiens 8-12 25165814-8 2014 Only SIRT3 overexpression affected fatty acid metabolism, and only SIRT4 overexpression altered superoxide levels and mitochondrial membrane potential. Superoxides 96-106 sirtuin 4 Homo sapiens 67-72 25036668-3 2014 It was found that both immediate inflammation responses including superoxide anion generation and elastase release were significantly inhibited by treatment with compounds 20, 21, and 24 (superoxide anion generation: IC50 7.0, 7.6, 4.0 muM; elastase release: IC50 3.7, 4.4, 1.0 muM, respectively). Superoxides 188-204 latexin Homo sapiens 278-281 24928513-7 2014 In the presence of superoxide, high yields of hydroperoxides were formed by LPO and urate. Superoxides 19-29 lactoperoxidase Homo sapiens 76-79 25144362-5 2014 METHODS AND RESULTS: Dihydroethidium micro-fluorography in porcine CSMCs demonstrated that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) increased superoxide production, which was blocked by the NOX inhibitor apocynin (Apo). Superoxides 139-149 fibroblast growth factor 2 Homo sapiens 91-121 25144362-5 2014 METHODS AND RESULTS: Dihydroethidium micro-fluorography in porcine CSMCs demonstrated that basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) increased superoxide production, which was blocked by the NOX inhibitor apocynin (Apo). Superoxides 139-149 fibroblast growth factor 2 Homo sapiens 123-127 25062433-6 2014 Intriguingly, as a promising candidate for AD treatment, the chiral metal complex can cross the blood-brain barrier and have superoxide dismutase activity. Superoxides 125-135 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 14-15 24863258-1 2014 (6R)-5,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-L-biopterin (BH4) availability regulates nitric oxide and superoxide formation by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Superoxides 82-92 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 106-139 25093580-8 2014 CLI-095, a TLR4 inhibitor, mitigated the increases in NAD(P)H oxidase activity, superoxide anion production, migration and proliferation that were induced by angiotensin II. Superoxides 80-96 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 158-172 24924945-8 2014 These data indicate the efficacy of nonreducible PLL50-PEG CuZnSOD nanozyme in counteracting excessive O2(-) and decreasing blood pressure in AngII-dependent hypertensive mice after central administration. Superoxides 103-105 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 59-66 24869957-6 2014 The specific TLR7 agonist imiquimod (10 mug/ml) elevated basal superoxide production and, in a similar fashion to influenza A virus, enhanced NOX2 oxidase-dependent oxidative burst. Superoxides 63-73 toll like receptor 7 Homo sapiens 13-17 24728465-10 2014 Vascular superoxide and nitrotyrosine levels were increased in ACE2(+/-) vessels consistent with increased vascular oxidative stress. Superoxides 9-19 angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 2 Mus musculus 63-67 24535002-0 2014 Selenite-mediated production of superoxide radical anions in A549 cancer cells is accompanied by a selective increase in SOD1 concentration, enhanced apoptosis and Se-Cu bonding. Superoxides 32-57 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 121-125 24829399-10 2014 Hyperstretch could increase PARP-1 expression and activity by inducing superoxide production and DNA damage. Superoxides 71-81 poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Homo sapiens 28-34 24486155-5 2014 The ROS genes gss, gstm2, gstt2 and sod2 were upregulated, and the presence of superoxide following 10 muM PX exposure was determined via dihydroethidium fluorescence studies further implicating PX-induced oxidative stress in HSG cells. Superoxides 79-89 latexin Homo sapiens 103-106 24946209-3 2014 We show here that IAV H1N1 infected human alveolar cells increased superoxide anion level mainly by suppressing the copper-zinc superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene, and that the SOD1-controlled generation of ROS was tightly correlated with virus replication. Superoxides 67-83 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 177-181 24821111-8 2014 Moreover, incubation of P-gp positive cells with DPPE led to a significant increase in superoxide levels and a drop in cellular ATP and GSH pools that were reversible with inhibitors of P-gp ATPase. Superoxides 87-97 glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatase Cricetulus griseus 24-28 24821111-8 2014 Moreover, incubation of P-gp positive cells with DPPE led to a significant increase in superoxide levels and a drop in cellular ATP and GSH pools that were reversible with inhibitors of P-gp ATPase. Superoxides 87-97 glycerol-3-phosphate phosphatase Cricetulus griseus 186-190 25020117-4 2014 LLO stimulated superoxide production from HLMVEC and this was prevented by silencing PKCalpha or NOS inhibition suggesting a link between these pathways. Superoxides 15-25 protein kinase C alpha Homo sapiens 85-93 25020117-6 2014 Expression of a phosphomimetic T495D eNOS (human isoform) resulted in increased superoxide and diminished nitric oxide (NO) production. Superoxides 80-90 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 37-41 25020117-10 2014 Both hsp90 and caveolin-1 have been shown to influence eNOS uncoupling and a peptide mimicking the scaffolding domain of caveolin-1 blocked the ability of PKCalpha to stimulate eNOS-derived superoxide. Superoxides 190-200 caveolin 1 Homo sapiens 15-25 25020117-10 2014 Both hsp90 and caveolin-1 have been shown to influence eNOS uncoupling and a peptide mimicking the scaffolding domain of caveolin-1 blocked the ability of PKCalpha to stimulate eNOS-derived superoxide. Superoxides 190-200 caveolin 1 Homo sapiens 121-131 25020117-10 2014 Both hsp90 and caveolin-1 have been shown to influence eNOS uncoupling and a peptide mimicking the scaffolding domain of caveolin-1 blocked the ability of PKCalpha to stimulate eNOS-derived superoxide. Superoxides 190-200 protein kinase C alpha Homo sapiens 155-163 25020117-10 2014 Both hsp90 and caveolin-1 have been shown to influence eNOS uncoupling and a peptide mimicking the scaffolding domain of caveolin-1 blocked the ability of PKCalpha to stimulate eNOS-derived superoxide. Superoxides 190-200 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 177-181 25020117-11 2014 Collectively, these results suggest that the G+ pore-forming toxins promote increased EC permeability via activation of PKCalpha, phosphorylation of eNOS-T495, loss of hsp90 and caveolin-1 binding which collectively promote eNOS uncoupling and the production of barrier disruptive superoxide. Superoxides 281-291 protein kinase C alpha Homo sapiens 120-128 25020117-11 2014 Collectively, these results suggest that the G+ pore-forming toxins promote increased EC permeability via activation of PKCalpha, phosphorylation of eNOS-T495, loss of hsp90 and caveolin-1 binding which collectively promote eNOS uncoupling and the production of barrier disruptive superoxide. Superoxides 281-291 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 224-228 24907870-6 2014 NO/heme-independent sGC activation provided protection over ACE inhibition against mitochondrial superoxide production and progressive fibrotic remodeling, ultimately leading to a further improvement of cardiac performance, hypertrophic growth and heart failure. Superoxides 97-107 angiotensin I converting enzyme Homo sapiens 60-63 24742817-5 2014 According to our results, HDI induces O2(-) increase (P < 0.001) through enzymatic inhibition of cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase 1 (P < 0.05), which might reduce MMP, further leading to mitochondrial O2(-) production. Superoxides 38-40 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 112-134 24858340-10 2014 iNOS inhibition was associated with a reduction in NO and peroxynitrite (ONOO-)- and increased superoxide generation. Superoxides 95-105 nitric oxide synthase 2, inducible Mus musculus 0-4 24742817-5 2014 According to our results, HDI induces O2(-) increase (P < 0.001) through enzymatic inhibition of cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase 1 (P < 0.05), which might reduce MMP, further leading to mitochondrial O2(-) production. Superoxides 207-209 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 112-134 24720662-0 2014 Suppression of NADPH oxidase- and mitochondrion-derived superoxide by Notoginsenoside R1 protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through estrogen receptor-dependent activation of Akt/Nrf2 pathways. Superoxides 56-66 reticulon 4 receptor Rattus norvegicus 70-88 24742817-6 2014 Increased O2(-) levels promote ERK phosphorylation (approx sixfold compared to control; P < 0.001) and downstream transcriptional increase of several genes: HMOX1 (P < 0.05), involved in the protection of chemical reactive species; MDR1 (P < 0.01), responsible for the efflux of xenobiotics in the cell; and CD83 (P < 0.05), a DC maturation marker. Superoxides 10-12 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 31-34 24720662-10 2014 NGR1 prevented oxidative stress by suppressing NADPH oxidase- and mitochondrion-derived superoxide and inhibiting production of malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine in vivo and in vitro. Superoxides 88-98 reticulon 4 receptor Rattus norvegicus 0-4 24742817-6 2014 Increased O2(-) levels promote ERK phosphorylation (approx sixfold compared to control; P < 0.001) and downstream transcriptional increase of several genes: HMOX1 (P < 0.05), involved in the protection of chemical reactive species; MDR1 (P < 0.01), responsible for the efflux of xenobiotics in the cell; and CD83 (P < 0.05), a DC maturation marker. Superoxides 10-12 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 238-242 24721152-6 2014 But in the meantime, rhein enhances the activity of caspase-1 by inhibiting intracellular (in situ) IKKbeta, in turn increasing the IL-1beta and high-mobility-group box 1 release, which can be amplified by rhein s reductive effect on intracellular superoxide anion. Superoxides 248-264 caspase 1 Homo sapiens 52-61 24746616-1 2014 Dehydrogenases that use ubiquinone as an electron acceptor, including complex I of the respiratory chain, complex II, and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, are known to be direct generators of superoxide and/or H2O2. Superoxides 195-205 glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 106-156 24721152-6 2014 But in the meantime, rhein enhances the activity of caspase-1 by inhibiting intracellular (in situ) IKKbeta, in turn increasing the IL-1beta and high-mobility-group box 1 release, which can be amplified by rhein s reductive effect on intracellular superoxide anion. Superoxides 248-264 interleukin 1 beta Homo sapiens 132-140 24171497-9 2014 Transfection of HL-60 neutrophil-like cells with the DGKalphaDelta10 spliced variant induced an increase in the stimulated production of superoxide anion replicating the phenotype of LAgP PMNs. Superoxides 137-153 diacylglycerol kinase beta Homo sapiens 53-68 24771458-3 2014 METHODS: Chemotaxis was assayed on agarose gel and superoxide generation by cytochrome C reduction. Superoxides 51-61 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 76-88 24171497-10 2014 CONCLUSION: DGKalphaDelta10 can act as a dominant-negative transcript that can modulate superoxide production and provides an example of genetic regulation of the inflammatory response that may be relevant to human inflammatory diseases such as LAgP. Superoxides 88-98 diacylglycerol kinase beta Homo sapiens 12-27 24623277-7 2014 The superoxide production observed in the aortae of control mice with Ang II was suppressed in those of SMKO mice with Ang II, and this finding was consistent with the results of little Ang II-induced c-Src phosphorylation in SMKO mouse aortae. Superoxides 4-14 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 70-76 24727493-6 2014 ANG II also increased NOX-1 expression, NOX activity, and superoxide production in SHR cells; the selective NOX-1 inhibitor ML-171 and catalase reduced ANG II-induced COX-2 and ET-1 transcription. Superoxides 58-68 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-6 24727493-6 2014 ANG II also increased NOX-1 expression, NOX activity, and superoxide production in SHR cells; the selective NOX-1 inhibitor ML-171 and catalase reduced ANG II-induced COX-2 and ET-1 transcription. Superoxides 58-68 catalase Rattus norvegicus 124-143 24727493-6 2014 ANG II also increased NOX-1 expression, NOX activity, and superoxide production in SHR cells; the selective NOX-1 inhibitor ML-171 and catalase reduced ANG II-induced COX-2 and ET-1 transcription. Superoxides 58-68 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 152-158 24623277-7 2014 The superoxide production observed in the aortae of control mice with Ang II was suppressed in those of SMKO mice with Ang II, and this finding was consistent with the results of little Ang II-induced c-Src phosphorylation in SMKO mouse aortae. Superoxides 4-14 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 119-125 24623277-7 2014 The superoxide production observed in the aortae of control mice with Ang II was suppressed in those of SMKO mice with Ang II, and this finding was consistent with the results of little Ang II-induced c-Src phosphorylation in SMKO mouse aortae. Superoxides 4-14 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 119-125 24511121-8 2014 In rodent aortic rings, treatment with thrombospondin-1 increased the production of superoxide and inhibited nitric oxide-mediated vasodilation in a SIRP-alpha-dependent manner. Superoxides 84-94 thrombospondin 1 Homo sapiens 39-55 24511121-9 2014 Renal IRI upregulated the thrombospondin-1-SIRP-alpha signaling axis and was associated with increased superoxide production and cell death. Superoxides 103-113 thrombospondin 1 Homo sapiens 26-42 24511121-7 2014 Thrombospondin-1 also stimulated phosphorylation of p47(phox) (an organizer subunit for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 1/2) and increased production of superoxide, both of which were abrogated by knockdown or antibody blockade of SIRP-alpha. Superoxides 181-191 thrombospondin 1 Homo sapiens 0-16 24511121-9 2014 Renal IRI upregulated the thrombospondin-1-SIRP-alpha signaling axis and was associated with increased superoxide production and cell death. Superoxides 103-113 signal regulatory protein alpha Homo sapiens 43-53 24388786-4 2014 We confirm that SOD1 + GFP and SOD1 + CAT reduced lipid peroxidation indicating superoxide metabolites were primarily responsible for lipid peroxidation. Superoxides 80-90 superoxide dismutase 1 Rattus norvegicus 16-20 24663342-9 2014 More superoxide was detected in mEL5 roots after treatment with nitrite or cytokinin, and treatment with an inhibitor of superoxide production prevented mEL5 roots from both nitrite- and cytokinin-induced meristematic cell death. Superoxides 5-15 epilepsy 5 Mus musculus 32-36 24663342-9 2014 More superoxide was detected in mEL5 roots after treatment with nitrite or cytokinin, and treatment with an inhibitor of superoxide production prevented mEL5 roots from both nitrite- and cytokinin-induced meristematic cell death. Superoxides 121-131 epilepsy 5 Mus musculus 153-157 24663342-10 2014 These results indicate a nitrogen-triggered pathway that leads to changes in root formation through the production of cytokinin and superoxide, on which EL5 acts to prevent meristematic cell death. Superoxides 132-142 epilepsy 5 Mus musculus 153-156 24388786-4 2014 We confirm that SOD1 + GFP and SOD1 + CAT reduced lipid peroxidation indicating superoxide metabolites were primarily responsible for lipid peroxidation. Superoxides 80-90 catalase Rattus norvegicus 38-41 24410726-1 2014 Iron superoxide dismutase (Fe-SOD) can eliminate superoxide anion radicals and is widely used in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and foodstuff. Superoxides 49-74 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 30-33 24595304-6 2014 Only TNFalpha treatment of 3T3-L1 cells led to an increase in oxidative stress (as measured by superoxide anion production and protein carbonylation) and C16 ceramide synthesis. Superoxides 95-111 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 5-13 24879527-4 2014 Compounds 1, 4-12, and 14-17 exhibited inhibition (IC50 <= 7.31 microg/mL) of superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils in response to formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine/cytochalasin B (fMLP/CB). Superoxides 81-97 formyl peptide receptor 1 Homo sapiens 205-209 25003023-1 2014 Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is an antioxidant enzyme that converts superoxide anion radicals into hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. Superoxides 69-94 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 0-22 25003023-1 2014 Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is an antioxidant enzyme that converts superoxide anion radicals into hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. Superoxides 69-94 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 24-28 24632094-8 2014 RESULTS: Ang II treated cells showed significantly higher levels of superoxide production compared to the control group (p<0.05). Superoxides 68-78 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 9-15 24833903-3 2014 The level of superoxide anions generated in platelets after thrombin and platelet-activating factor stimulation and activity of GPx in patients with schizophrenia and healthy volunteers was estimated. Superoxides 13-30 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 60-68 24833903-4 2014 The results obtained from the study indicate that the generation of superoxide anions in platelets as a response of platelets in patients with schizophrenia to such activating factors as thrombin or platelet-activating factor is higher than in the response of platelets of healthy subjects. Superoxides 68-85 coagulation factor II, thrombin Homo sapiens 187-195 24405159-9 2014 Transfection studies with wild-type and mutant human eNOS confirmed the dual role of eNOS as a producer of superoxide anion (O2-) with SIN-1 treatment, and a producer of NO in the presence of DMPO. Superoxides 107-123 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 53-57 24405159-9 2014 Transfection studies with wild-type and mutant human eNOS confirmed the dual role of eNOS as a producer of superoxide anion (O2-) with SIN-1 treatment, and a producer of NO in the presence of DMPO. Superoxides 107-123 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 85-89 24405159-9 2014 Transfection studies with wild-type and mutant human eNOS confirmed the dual role of eNOS as a producer of superoxide anion (O2-) with SIN-1 treatment, and a producer of NO in the presence of DMPO. Superoxides 107-123 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 135-140 24405159-9 2014 Transfection studies with wild-type and mutant human eNOS confirmed the dual role of eNOS as a producer of superoxide anion (O2-) with SIN-1 treatment, and a producer of NO in the presence of DMPO. Superoxides 125-128 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 53-57 24405159-9 2014 Transfection studies with wild-type and mutant human eNOS confirmed the dual role of eNOS as a producer of superoxide anion (O2-) with SIN-1 treatment, and a producer of NO in the presence of DMPO. Superoxides 125-128 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 85-89 24405159-9 2014 Transfection studies with wild-type and mutant human eNOS confirmed the dual role of eNOS as a producer of superoxide anion (O2-) with SIN-1 treatment, and a producer of NO in the presence of DMPO. Superoxides 125-128 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 135-140 23504249-6 2014 Compared with pure PCB 77, exposing endothelial cells to lower chlorinated PCB byproducts led to improved cellular viability, decreased superoxide production, and decreased nuclear factor kappa B activation based on duration of remediation. Superoxides 136-146 pyruvate carboxylase Homo sapiens 75-78 24700749-1 2014 Endogenous manganese based superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) provides the primary defense against excess production of potentially toxic superoxide anion (O2 (-) ). Superoxides 133-149 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 49-55 24700749-1 2014 Endogenous manganese based superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) provides the primary defense against excess production of potentially toxic superoxide anion (O2 (-) ). Superoxides 151-153 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 49-55 24561577-0 2014 Rapid reaction of superoxide with insulin-tyrosyl radicals to generate a hydroperoxide with subsequent glutathione addition. Superoxides 18-28 insulin Homo sapiens 34-41 24601882-5 2014 Activation of AKT1 signaling in mitochondria increased glucose uptake, enhanced respiration efficiency, reduced superoxide generation, and increased ATP production in the cardiomyocytes. Superoxides 112-122 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 14-18 24561577-2 2014 We used insulin as a model to study the kinetics, mechanisms, and products of the reactions of radiation-induced or enzyme-generated protein-tyrosyl radicals with superoxide to demonstrate the feasibility of these reactions under oxidative stress conditions. Superoxides 163-173 insulin Homo sapiens 8-15 24561577-4 2014 However, in the presence of superoxide, dimerization was largely outcompeted by the reaction of superoxide with insulin-tyrosyl radicals. Superoxides 28-38 insulin Homo sapiens 112-119 24561577-4 2014 However, in the presence of superoxide, dimerization was largely outcompeted by the reaction of superoxide with insulin-tyrosyl radicals. Superoxides 96-106 insulin Homo sapiens 112-119 24561577-6 2014 Mass-spectrometry-based product analyses revealed the addition of superoxide to the insulin-Tyr14 radical to form the hydroperoxide. Superoxides 66-76 insulin Homo sapiens 84-91 24561578-4 2014 Further, oxLDL induced Nox2/superoxide-dependent TRAF3IP2 expression, IKK/p65 and JNK/c-Jun activation, and LOX-1 upregulation, suggesting a reinforcing mechanism. Superoxides 28-38 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 82-85 24561578-7 2014 The activators of the AMPK/Akt pathway, adiponectin, AICAR, and metformin, attenuated superoxide generation, TRAF3IP2 expression, and oxLDL/TRAF3IP2-mediated EC death. Superoxides 86-96 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 24561578-7 2014 The activators of the AMPK/Akt pathway, adiponectin, AICAR, and metformin, attenuated superoxide generation, TRAF3IP2 expression, and oxLDL/TRAF3IP2-mediated EC death. Superoxides 86-96 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Homo sapiens 40-51 24325797-2 2014 In the present study, we found that mouse embryonic cortical neural progenitor cells exhibit intermittent spontaneous mitochondrial superoxide (SO) flashes that require transient opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores (mPTPs). Superoxides 132-142 6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase Mus musculus 235-240 24534273-7 2014 CoQ10 treatment (2.5 muM) for 5 days significantly (p<0.0005) decreased the level of mitochondrial superoxide in the CoQ10 deficient neurons. Superoxides 102-112 latexin Homo sapiens 21-24 24325797-7 2014 If Abeta inhibits NPC proliferation in the brains of AD patients by a similar mechanism, then interventions that inhibit mPTP-mediated superoxide flashes would be expected to protect NPCs against the adverse effects of Abeta. Superoxides 135-145 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 3-8 24325797-7 2014 If Abeta inhibits NPC proliferation in the brains of AD patients by a similar mechanism, then interventions that inhibit mPTP-mediated superoxide flashes would be expected to protect NPCs against the adverse effects of Abeta. Superoxides 135-145 amyloid beta precursor protein Homo sapiens 219-224 24373863-8 2014 Blockade of TNF-alpha improved respiratory muscle function and structure, and animal weight, and, in the diaphragm, reduced inflammatory cell numbers and superoxide anion production drastically while inducing larger increases in protein and messenger RNA levels and immunohistochemical expression of TNF-alpha, internal nuclei, and markers of muscle regeneration. Superoxides 154-170 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 12-21 24373863-9 2014 Blunting of TNF-alpha also induced a reduction in blood inflammatory cytokines and superoxide anion production. Superoxides 83-99 tumor necrosis factor Rattus norvegicus 12-21 24709972-12 2014 Ang II in the PVN significantly enhanced CSAR and superoxide anions level, which was inhibited by PVN pretreatment with IMD or tempol (a superoxide anions scavenger) in Sham and CHF rats. Superoxides 50-67 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-6 24591154-10 2014 Superoxide levels were increased in the presence of AZT/ddI and significantly decreased in cells exposed to AZT/3TC/Tempol at P3, P7, and P10. Superoxides 0-10 S100 calcium binding protein A10 Homo sapiens 138-141 24709972-12 2014 Ang II in the PVN significantly enhanced CSAR and superoxide anions level, which was inhibited by PVN pretreatment with IMD or tempol (a superoxide anions scavenger) in Sham and CHF rats. Superoxides 137-154 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 0-6 24709972-13 2014 CONCLUSION: IMD in the PVN inhibits CSAR via AM receptor, and attenuates the effects of Ang II on CSAR and superoxide anions level in CHF rats. Superoxides 107-124 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 88-94 24709972-14 2014 PVN superoxide anions involve in the effect of IMD on attenuating Ang II-induced CSAR response. Superoxides 4-21 angiotensinogen Rattus norvegicus 66-72 24493668-5 2014 We trace the primary intracellular target of calcium to be protein kinase C isoforms alpha and beta (PKCalpha and PKCbeta), which in turn phosphorylate subunits of the oxidase leading to superoxide production. Superoxides 187-197 protein kinase C, alpha Mus musculus 101-109 24692674-6 2014 Due to the co-localization of NOX1, catalase and SOD on the outer membrane of tumor cells, specific inhibition of membrane-associated SOD causes superoxide anion-dependent inhibition of catalase. Superoxides 145-161 catalase Homo sapiens 36-44 24692674-6 2014 Due to the co-localization of NOX1, catalase and SOD on the outer membrane of tumor cells, specific inhibition of membrane-associated SOD causes superoxide anion-dependent inhibition of catalase. Superoxides 145-161 catalase Homo sapiens 186-194 24512907-1 2014 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is responsible for the dismutation of the superoxide radical produced in the extracellular space and known to be expressed by inflammatory cells, including macrophages and neutrophils. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 36-42 23886445-7 2014 We discuss a new role of Sirt3 in the direction of the primary superoxide scavenger protein, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and how the acetylation or deacetylation of several specific lysines appears to direct MnSOD enzymatic dismutase activity. Superoxides 63-73 sirtuin 3 Homo sapiens 25-30 24480319-4 2014 In this paper, we discuss the mechanisms underlying resistance to mTOR inhibitors, which include the downstream effectors of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mTOR pathway, the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), the PIM kinase family, PTEN expression, elevated superoxide levels, stimulation of autophagy, immune cell response and ERK/MAPK, Notch and Aurora signaling pathways. Superoxides 279-289 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 66-70 24509158-3 2014 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth by scavenging nonmitochondrial superoxide. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 36-41 24509158-4 2014 We hypothesized that EcSOD overexpression leads to changes in the O2(-)/H2O2 balance modulating the redox status affecting signal transduction pathways. Superoxides 66-71 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 21-26 24617993-0 2014 Muscadine grape skin extract reverts snail-mediated epithelial mesenchymal transition via superoxide species in human prostate cancer cells. Superoxides 90-100 snail family transcriptional repressor 1 Homo sapiens 37-42 24692073-1 2014 OBJECTIVES: Metallothionein (MT) and two forms of superoxide dismutase (SOD), which are dependent on zinc and copper ions, are involved in defense against the same superoxide anion radicals and are present in extra- and intracellular compartments. Superoxides 164-189 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 50-70 24692073-1 2014 OBJECTIVES: Metallothionein (MT) and two forms of superoxide dismutase (SOD), which are dependent on zinc and copper ions, are involved in defense against the same superoxide anion radicals and are present in extra- and intracellular compartments. Superoxides 164-189 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 72-75 24496038-8 2014 NTS transactivation of the EGFR was inhibited by GM6001 (matrix metalloprotease inhibitor), Tiron (superoxide scavenger) or U73122 (phospholipase C inhibitor) but not H89 (PKA inhibitor). Superoxides 99-109 neurotensin Homo sapiens 0-3 24496038-8 2014 NTS transactivation of the EGFR was inhibited by GM6001 (matrix metalloprotease inhibitor), Tiron (superoxide scavenger) or U73122 (phospholipase C inhibitor) but not H89 (PKA inhibitor). Superoxides 99-109 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 27-31 24515115-3 2014 However, the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH), branched-chain 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH), and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complexes are also capable of considerable superoxide/H2O2 production. Superoxides 174-184 pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 Homo sapiens 102-124 24515115-3 2014 However, the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH), branched-chain 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH), and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complexes are also capable of considerable superoxide/H2O2 production. Superoxides 174-184 pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 Homo sapiens 126-129 24515115-6 2014 At optimal conditions for each system, superoxide/H2O2 was produced by the OGDH complex at about twice the rate from the PDH complex, four times the rate from the BCKDH complex, and eight times the rate from site IF of complex I. Superoxides 39-49 pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 Homo sapiens 121-124 24515115-7 2014 Depending on the substrates present, the dominant sites of superoxide/H2O2 production at the level of NADH may be the OGDH and PDH complexes, but these activities may often be misattributed to complex I. Superoxides 59-69 pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 Homo sapiens 127-130 24647101-1 2014 Superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1) has been known for nearly half a century for catalysis of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 88-98 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-22 24647101-1 2014 Superoxide dismutase 1 (Sod1) has been known for nearly half a century for catalysis of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 88-98 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 24-28 24617993-8 2014 RESULTS: Snail overexpression in ARCaP and LNCaP cells was associated with increased concentration of mitochondrial superoxide, in vitro. Superoxides 116-126 snail family transcriptional repressor 1 Homo sapiens 9-14 24617993-12 2014 CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that superoxide species may play a role in Snail transcription factor-mediated EMT. Superoxides 35-45 snail family transcriptional repressor 1 Homo sapiens 73-78 24366086-12 2014 These results suggest that caffeine may enhance insulin receptor substrate 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt-neuronal nitric oxide synthase signaling to decrease blood pressure by abolishing superoxide production in the NTS. Superoxides 193-203 insulin receptor substrate 1 Rattus norvegicus 48-76 24260774-8 2014 The experimental results confirmed the association rule identified for the p53 pathway and mitochondrial superoxide levels (via MitoSox reagent) and further revealed that blocking of the transcriptional activity of p53 lowered the MitoSox signal. Superoxides 105-115 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 75-78 24260774-8 2014 The experimental results confirmed the association rule identified for the p53 pathway and mitochondrial superoxide levels (via MitoSox reagent) and further revealed that blocking of the transcriptional activity of p53 lowered the MitoSox signal. Superoxides 105-115 tumor protein p53 Homo sapiens 215-218 24304655-1 2014 BACKGROUND: Ablation of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) has been involved in the enhancement of salt sensitivity associated with increased superoxide level and decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Superoxides 135-145 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 24-44 24304655-1 2014 BACKGROUND: Ablation of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) has been involved in the enhancement of salt sensitivity associated with increased superoxide level and decreased nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Superoxides 135-145 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 46-50 24304655-13 2014 This beneficial effect of UCP2 is mediated by decreased superoxide and reserved NO bioavailability. Superoxides 56-66 uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 26-30 24134589-4 2014 In human lung microvascular endothelial cells, DDAH II overexpression prevented the LPS-dependent increase in ADMA, superoxide, peroxynitrite, and protein nitration. Superoxides 116-126 dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 1 Homo sapiens 47-51 24384524-6 2014 In HSA-Cl/Br-treated neutrophils, monoclonal antibodies against CD18, the beta subunit of beta2 integrins, reduced the production of superoxide anion radicals and hydrogen peroxide as well as MPO exocytosis, suggesting that CD18 contributed to neutrophil activation. Superoxides 133-158 integrin subunit beta 2 Homo sapiens 64-68 24326392-4 2014 Copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is a specific antioxidant enzyme that counteracts superoxide anions. Superoxides 90-107 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 34-38 24324051-8 2014 Serum CT-1 and IL-6 levels, which associated with the left ventricular mass index, correlated with superoxide production. Superoxides 99-109 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 15-19 24324051-10 2014 CT-1 stimulated NADPH oxidase superoxide production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which resulted in an increased release of IL-6. Superoxides 30-40 interleukin 6 Homo sapiens 133-137 24140706-6 2014 Antioxidant EUK-8, a synthetic catalytic superoxide and hydrogen peroxide scavenger, significantly decreases ATG-mediated p38 activation and apoptosis. Superoxides 41-51 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 122-125 24724445-3 2014 RESULTS: SOD, which catalyzes the reduction of superoxide anions to hydrogen peroxide and has anti-oxidative effects, was significantly lower in E group at the end of surgery whereas the levels of myeloperoxydase were not different between the groups. Superoxides 47-64 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 9-12 24378345-5 2014 Influx of O2( -) activated HSCs, evidenced by the expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin and the secretion of transforming growth factor beta1 and collagen. Superoxides 10-12 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 1 Homo sapiens 138-143 24505490-6 2014 We found that a relatively specific PKCalpha inhibitor, Ro-32-0432, dose-dependently inhibited PMA-induced superoxide production from Nox5. Superoxides 107-117 protein kinase C alpha Homo sapiens 36-44 24505490-11 2014 Exposure of endothelial cells to high glucose significantly increased PKCalpha activation, and enhanced Nox5 derived superoxide in a manner that was in prevented by a PKCalpha inhibitor, Go 6976. Superoxides 117-127 protein kinase C alpha Homo sapiens 167-175 24285500-2 2014 MD-derived superoxide (O2-), primarily generated by Nox2, is enhanced by acute ANG II stimulation. Superoxides 11-21 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 79-85 24285500-2 2014 MD-derived superoxide (O2-), primarily generated by Nox2, is enhanced by acute ANG II stimulation. Superoxides 23-25 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 79-85 24285500-5 2014 We measured O2- generation in isolated and perfused MDs and found that O2- generation by the MD was increased from 9.4 +- 0.9 U/min in control mice to 34.7 +- 1.8 U/min in ANG II-induced hypertensive mice (P < 0.01). Superoxides 71-73 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 172-178 24184207-11 2014 Further studies are needed to define whether SOD-1-dependent superoxide/peroxide balance is relevant for regulation of T cell activation, as well as in the functional cross talk between immune effectors. Superoxides 61-71 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 45-50 24102471-5 2014 Excessive amounts of NO produced by iNOS up-regulation can react with superoxide anions forming peroxynitrite, thereby promoting nitrosative stress and endothelial dysfunction. Superoxides 70-87 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 36-40 24140862-5 2014 In vitro, confocal microscopy and size-exclusion chromatography demonstrated that dismutation of O2(-) by 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (Tempol) and decomposition of H2O2 by catalase prevented Hcys-induced aggregation of NLRP3 inflammasome proteins and inhibited Hcys-induced caspase-1 activation and IL-1beta production in mouse podocytes. Superoxides 97-99 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 318-326 24334251-6 2014 Superoxide production was 23.6% higher in HUVECs incubated with TNF-alpha in 2% medium compared to 2% medium alone, but unchanged with TNF-alpha in 20% medium. Superoxides 0-10 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 64-73 24375019-2 2014 SIN-1(3-morpholino-sydnonimine), which can lead the simultaneous generation of superoxide anion and nitric oxide, and then form the highly reactive species ONOO(-), induced dose-dependent inhibition in amplitudes of both mEPSCs and sEPSCs. Superoxides 79-95 MAPK associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 24368122-4 2014 These stimuli can also induce IFN-gamma-pretreated neutrophils to release reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and hypochlorous acid, as well as granule lysosomal enzymes and the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-6. Superoxides 113-129 interferon gamma Mus musculus 30-39 24473199-9 2014 In a parallel study, although specific iNOS inhibition reduced plasma malondialdehyde and myocardial superoxide anion generation, it did not affect the deleterious effects of I/R on myocardial structure and function. Superoxides 101-117 nitric oxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 39-43 24281189-9 2014 Furthermore, interferon-gamma neutralization eliminates AngII-increased superoxide products and endothelial apoptosis by inhibiting AngII-induced Kynurenines generation, suggesting that AngII-activated Kyn pathway is interferon-gamma-dependent. Superoxides 72-82 interferon gamma Mus musculus 13-29 24281189-9 2014 Furthermore, interferon-gamma neutralization eliminates AngII-increased superoxide products and endothelial apoptosis by inhibiting AngII-induced Kynurenines generation, suggesting that AngII-activated Kyn pathway is interferon-gamma-dependent. Superoxides 72-82 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 56-61 24281189-10 2014 Mechanistically, we found that AngII-enhanced 3-hydroxykynurenine promoted the generation of NAD(P)H oxidase-mediated superoxide anions by increasing the translocation and membrane assembly of NAD(P)H oxidase subunits in endothelial cells, resulting in accelerated apoptosis and consequent endothelial dysfunction. Superoxides 118-135 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 31-36 23318435-11 2014 This study suggests that epigenetic silencing of EcSOD may contribute to mammary tumorigenesis and that restoring the extracellular superoxide scavenging activity could be an effective strategy for breast cancer treatment. Superoxides 132-142 superoxide dismutase 3 Homo sapiens 49-54 23875749-4 2014 After phagocytosis of bovine serum albumin (BSA) coated beads, both human and mice neutrophils showed significant elevation in superoxide radicals, nitric oxide (NO), ROS/RNS and consequent BSA nitration. Superoxides 127-137 albumin Homo sapiens 29-42 23875749-9 2014 INNOVATION: Present study highlights previously undefined role of Rac2-iNOS interaction, in translocation of iNOS to phagosomal compartment and consequent NO, superoxide radicals, ROS/RNS generation, BSA nitration and microbial killing. Superoxides 159-169 Rac family small GTPase 2 Homo sapiens 66-70 23875749-9 2014 INNOVATION: Present study highlights previously undefined role of Rac2-iNOS interaction, in translocation of iNOS to phagosomal compartment and consequent NO, superoxide radicals, ROS/RNS generation, BSA nitration and microbial killing. Superoxides 159-169 nitric oxide synthase 2 Homo sapiens 71-75 23795780-5 2014 INNOVATION: Islets from the GPX1 and(or) SOD1 knockout mice provided metabolically controlled intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide conditions for the present study to avoid confounding effects. Superoxides 137-147 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 41-45 24213612-6 2014 The data show that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), but not superoxide anion (O2( -)), was increased in the early phases (within 6 h) of PAB in RV and that this increase was diminished by catalase and diphenyleneiodonium chloride but not by SOD, N(omega)-nitro-l-arginin methyl ester, febuxostat, or indomethacin. Superoxides 40-42 catalase Mus musculus 181-189 24053613-0 2014 Nox2-induced production of mitochondrial superoxide in angiotensin II-mediated endothelial oxidative stress and hypertension. Superoxides 41-51 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 55-69 24053613-1 2014 AIMS: Angiotensin II (AngII)-induced superoxide (O2( -)) production by the NADPH oxidases and mitochondria has been implicated in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. Superoxides 37-47 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 6-20 24053613-1 2014 AIMS: Angiotensin II (AngII)-induced superoxide (O2( -)) production by the NADPH oxidases and mitochondria has been implicated in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. Superoxides 37-47 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 22-27 24053613-1 2014 AIMS: Angiotensin II (AngII)-induced superoxide (O2( -)) production by the NADPH oxidases and mitochondria has been implicated in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. Superoxides 49-55 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 6-20 24053613-1 2014 AIMS: Angiotensin II (AngII)-induced superoxide (O2( -)) production by the NADPH oxidases and mitochondria has been implicated in the pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction and hypertension. Superoxides 49-55 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 22-27 24053613-5 2014 Nox2 depletion in gp91phox knockout mice inhibited AngII-induced cellular and mitochondrial O2( -) and attenuated hypertension. Superoxides 92-94 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 51-56 24053613-6 2014 Inhibition of mitochondrial reverse electron transfer with malonate, malate, or rotenone attenuated AngII-induced cytoplasmic and mitochondrial O2( -) production. Superoxides 144-147 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 100-105 24053613-7 2014 Inhibition of the mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channel (mitoK(+)ATP) with 5-hydroxydecanoic acid or specific PKCe peptide antagonist (EAVSLKPT) reduced AngII-induced H2O2 in isolated mitochondria and diminished cytoplasmic O2( -). Superoxides 177-179 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 161-166 24053613-10 2014 Mitochondria-targeted H2O2 scavenger mitoEbselen attenuated redox-dependent c-Src and inhibited AngII-induced cellular O2( -), diminished aortic H2O2, and reduced blood pressure in hypertensive mice. Superoxides 24-26 angiotensinogen (serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 8) Mus musculus 96-101 24407242-4 2014 P-JNK plus adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP) added to isolated liver mitochondria promoted superoxide production, which was amplified by addition of calcium and inhibited by a blocking peptide corresponding to the JNK binding site on Sab (KIM1). Superoxides 89-99 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 212-215 24296301-6 2014 Likewise, superoxide anion production increased approximately 5 fold at 10 and 15muM and 9 fold at 20muM BDE-47 with a 1-h exposure, as measured by cytochrome c reduction. Superoxides 10-26 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 148-160 24407242-4 2014 P-JNK plus adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP) added to isolated liver mitochondria promoted superoxide production, which was amplified by addition of calcium and inhibited by a blocking peptide corresponding to the JNK binding site on Sab (KIM1). Superoxides 89-99 SH3 domain binding protein 5 Homo sapiens 232-235 24407242-4 2014 P-JNK plus adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP) added to isolated liver mitochondria promoted superoxide production, which was amplified by addition of calcium and inhibited by a blocking peptide corresponding to the JNK binding site on Sab (KIM1). Superoxides 89-99 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Homo sapiens 2-5 24141169-8 2014 Denudation of endothelium and blockade of LOX-1 but not CD32 prevented CRP-induced elevation of superoxide in the vessel wall. Superoxides 96-106 C-reactive protein Homo sapiens 71-74 25984330-7 2014 The further studies indicate that the interaction between AT1-R and NF-kappaB in the PVN contributes to oxidative stress and sympathoexcitation by modulating neurotransmitters in heart failure, and the superoxide activates NF-kappaB in the PVN and contributes to neurohumoral excitation. Superoxides 202-212 angiotensin II receptor, type 1b Rattus norvegicus 58-63 24196666-0 2014 Superoxide release from contracting skeletal muscle in pulmonary TNF-alpha overexpression mice. Superoxides 0-10 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 65-74 24196666-8 2014 Our results demonstrate that pulmonary TNF-alpha overexpression leads to a greater O2( -) release from contracting soleus muscle in Tg(+) compared with WT and that the excessive formation of O2( -) in the contracting muscle of Tg(+) mice leads to earlier fatigue. Superoxides 83-85 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 39-48 24196666-8 2014 Our results demonstrate that pulmonary TNF-alpha overexpression leads to a greater O2( -) release from contracting soleus muscle in Tg(+) compared with WT and that the excessive formation of O2( -) in the contracting muscle of Tg(+) mice leads to earlier fatigue. Superoxides 191-193 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 39-48 24117164-4 2014 Work by McCord serves as the foundation upon which our understanding of how superoxide functions in a variety of physiological systems is built and demonstrates how superoxide is essential to aerobic life, yet, if left unchecked by SOD, toxic to a multitude of systems. Superoxides 76-86 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 232-235 25038992-5 2014 Recent studies demonstrated that the intracellular PON proteins; PON2 and PON3 (i) are associated with mitochondria and mitochondria-associated membranes, (ii) modulate mitochondria-dependent superoxide production, and (iii) prevent apoptosis. Superoxides 192-202 paraoxonase 1 Homo sapiens 51-54 24117164-4 2014 Work by McCord serves as the foundation upon which our understanding of how superoxide functions in a variety of physiological systems is built and demonstrates how superoxide is essential to aerobic life, yet, if left unchecked by SOD, toxic to a multitude of systems. Superoxides 165-175 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 232-235 24401210-10 2014 Furthermore, T0901317 decreased the TNF-alpha-induced superoxide and nitrotyrosine production, but did not upregulate the TNF-alpha-downregulated eNOS dimer/monomer ratio. Superoxides 54-64 tumor necrosis factor Homo sapiens 36-45 24002659-8 2014 We interestingly found that superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide induced a diverse apoptosis level by differently inhibiting GI via NF-kappaB pathway. Superoxides 28-44 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Homo sapiens 134-143 24052408-0 2014 Superoxide activates mTOR-eIF4E-Bax route to induce enhanced apoptosis in leukemic cells. Superoxides 0-10 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Homo sapiens 21-25 24052408-0 2014 Superoxide activates mTOR-eIF4E-Bax route to induce enhanced apoptosis in leukemic cells. Superoxides 0-10 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Homo sapiens 32-35 24705256-9 2014 In OLETF rats at the early hyperglycemic stage, aortic superoxide production is increased owing to activation of uncoupled eNOS through phosphorylation by PI3-kinase/Akt. Superoxides 55-65 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 166-169 25200066-9 2014 Podocytes with Nrf2 siRNAs showed higher intracellular superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide production, apoptosis and BSA permeability as well as lower synaptopodin expression compared with podocytes exposed to HG (p<0.05). Superoxides 55-71 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 15-19 24274545-6 2014 Inhibition of either mitogen-activated protein kinase or superoxide generation abolishes LPS-induced NF-kappaB O-GlcNAcylation. Superoxides 57-67 nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B cells 1, p105 Mus musculus 101-110 24274568-7 2014 The IC50 values of PMP-2 were 0.47, 0.6 and 0.93 mg/mL for superoxide anion scavenging, hydroxyl radical scavenging, and hydroxyl peroxide scavenging, respectively. Superoxides 59-75 peripheral myelin protein 2 Rattus norvegicus 19-24 24401606-5 2014 Moreover, specific inhibition of HO-1 by tin mesoporphyrin revealed a suppression of superoxide production in iron and/or CVB3-treated macrophages. Superoxides 85-95 heme oxygenase 1 Mus musculus 33-37 24859499-6 2014 Mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide formation in the myocardium increased in the H/M-Sod2(+/-)+BSO group in comparison with the WT+BSO group (P<0.05). Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 96-100 24186494-10 2014 Superoxide levels were significantly increased by diabetes in Nrf2 knockout mice as compared with wild-type mice. Superoxides 0-10 nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2 Mus musculus 62-66 24059224-0 2014 Effect of resveratrol and tiron on the inactivation of glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate dehydrogenase induced by superoxide anion radical. Superoxides 108-132 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 55-96 24059224-5 2014 Here, we present data that clearly indicate the prooxidative properties of resveratrol and tiron in the inactivation of GAPDH induced by the superoxide anion generated via xanthine oxidase mediated oxidation of xanthine. Superoxides 141-157 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 120-125 24059224-6 2014 Generated in the studied system tiron and resveratrol radicals are much more efficient in the inactivation of GAPDH than the superoxide anion alone. Superoxides 125-141 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 110-115 24959009-3 2014 Production of RMs mainly superoxides ( O2 (-)) has been found in a variety of predominating cellular enzyme systems including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, xanthine oxidase, cyclooxygenase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and myeloperoxidase. Superoxides 25-36 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 213-246 23915064-6 2014 Despite the initial indications that the mitochondrial electron transport chain was the predominant source of superoxide during activity, with the development of analytical methods a number of alternative potential sites have been identified including the NAD(P)H oxidases, xanthine oxidase, cyclooxygenases, and lipoxygenases linked to the activity of the phospholipase A2 enzymes. Superoxides 110-120 phospholipase A2 group IB Homo sapiens 357-373 24959009-3 2014 Production of RMs mainly superoxides ( O2 (-)) has been found in a variety of predominating cellular enzyme systems including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, xanthine oxidase, cyclooxygenase, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and myeloperoxidase. Superoxides 39-41 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 213-246 25460725-3 2014 Production of RMs mainly superoxide (O2(-)) has been found in a variety of predominating cellular enzyme systems including NAD(P)H oxidase, xanthine oxidase (XO), cyclooxygenase (COX), uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Superoxides 25-35 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 195-228 24292713-5 2014 ATN-224-dependent SOD1 inhibition increased superoxide, which diminished enzyme activity of the antioxidant glutathione peroxidase, leading to an increase in intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) levels. Superoxides 44-54 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 18-22 24504963-1 2014 The superoxide (O2 ( -))-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes comprises a membrane-imbedded heterodimeric flavocytochrome, known as cytochrome b 558 (consisting of Nox2 and p22 (phox) ) and four cytosolic regulatory proteins, p47 (phox) , p67 (phox) , p40 (phox) , and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 4-14 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 249-252 24504963-1 2014 The superoxide (O2 ( -))-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes comprises a membrane-imbedded heterodimeric flavocytochrome, known as cytochrome b 558 (consisting of Nox2 and p22 (phox) ) and four cytosolic regulatory proteins, p47 (phox) , p67 (phox) , p40 (phox) , and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 4-14 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 296-299 24564604-7 2014 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was then added to the inflowing perfusion media to convert any superoxide crossing the microdialysis membrane to H(2)O(2) within the microdialysis probe. Superoxides 90-100 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-20 24564604-7 2014 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) was then added to the inflowing perfusion media to convert any superoxide crossing the microdialysis membrane to H(2)O(2) within the microdialysis probe. Superoxides 90-100 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 24598074-1 2014 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes consists of the membrane-associated cytochrome b 558 (a heterodimer of Nox2 and p22(phox)) and 4 cytosolic components: p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase, Rac, in complex with RhoGDI. Superoxides 4-14 CD33 molecule Homo sapiens 184-187 24598074-1 2014 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes consists of the membrane-associated cytochrome b 558 (a heterodimer of Nox2 and p22(phox)) and 4 cytosolic components: p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase, Rac, in complex with RhoGDI. Superoxides 4-14 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 228-231 25460725-3 2014 Production of RMs mainly superoxide (O2(-)) has been found in a variety of predominating cellular enzyme systems including NAD(P)H oxidase, xanthine oxidase (XO), cyclooxygenase (COX), uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Superoxides 25-35 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 240-255 25460725-3 2014 Production of RMs mainly superoxide (O2(-)) has been found in a variety of predominating cellular enzyme systems including NAD(P)H oxidase, xanthine oxidase (XO), cyclooxygenase (COX), uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Superoxides 25-35 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 257-260 25460725-3 2014 Production of RMs mainly superoxide (O2(-)) has been found in a variety of predominating cellular enzyme systems including NAD(P)H oxidase, xanthine oxidase (XO), cyclooxygenase (COX), uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Superoxides 37-39 nitric oxide synthase 3 Homo sapiens 195-228 25460725-3 2014 Production of RMs mainly superoxide (O2(-)) has been found in a variety of predominating cellular enzyme systems including NAD(P)H oxidase, xanthine oxidase (XO), cyclooxygenase (COX), uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Superoxides 37-39 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 240-255 25460725-3 2014 Production of RMs mainly superoxide (O2(-)) has been found in a variety of predominating cellular enzyme systems including NAD(P)H oxidase, xanthine oxidase (XO), cyclooxygenase (COX), uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). Superoxides 37-39 myeloperoxidase Homo sapiens 257-260 24194516-4 2013 Our studies demonstrate that SIRT3 expression is down-regulated during keratinocyte differentiation, consistent with an increase in mitochondrial superoxide levels. Superoxides 146-156 sirtuin 3 Homo sapiens 29-34 24389620-2 2014 The enzyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalyses the dismutation of superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 68-84 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 34-37 24187133-2 2013 A peptide that mimics a putative activation domain of the Nox1 activator subunit NOXA1 (NOXA1 docking sequence, also known as NoxA1ds) potently inhibited Nox1-derived superoxide anion (O2 -) production in a reconstituted Nox1 cell-free system, with no effect on Nox2-, Nox4-, Nox5-, or xanthine oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species production as measured by cytochrome c reduction, Amplex Red fluorescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance. Superoxides 167-183 NADPH oxidase activator 1 Homo sapiens 81-86 24194516-5 2013 Importantly, loss of SIRT3 expression in keratinocytes increased superoxide levels and promoted the expression of differentiation markers, whereas overexpression decreased superoxide levels and reduced the expression of differentiation markers. Superoxides 65-75 sirtuin 3 Homo sapiens 21-26 24187133-2 2013 A peptide that mimics a putative activation domain of the Nox1 activator subunit NOXA1 (NOXA1 docking sequence, also known as NoxA1ds) potently inhibited Nox1-derived superoxide anion (O2 -) production in a reconstituted Nox1 cell-free system, with no effect on Nox2-, Nox4-, Nox5-, or xanthine oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species production as measured by cytochrome c reduction, Amplex Red fluorescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance. Superoxides 167-183 NADPH oxidase activator 1 Homo sapiens 88-93 24187133-2 2013 A peptide that mimics a putative activation domain of the Nox1 activator subunit NOXA1 (NOXA1 docking sequence, also known as NoxA1ds) potently inhibited Nox1-derived superoxide anion (O2 -) production in a reconstituted Nox1 cell-free system, with no effect on Nox2-, Nox4-, Nox5-, or xanthine oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species production as measured by cytochrome c reduction, Amplex Red fluorescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance. Superoxides 167-183 NADPH oxidase activator 1 Homo sapiens 126-131 24358134-3 2013 Here, we showed that Ras/Rac1/ERK signaling pathway is activated in melanocytes submitted to anchorage impediment, regulating superoxide levels, global DNA methylation, and Dnmt1 expression. Superoxides 126-136 mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 30-33 24187133-2 2013 A peptide that mimics a putative activation domain of the Nox1 activator subunit NOXA1 (NOXA1 docking sequence, also known as NoxA1ds) potently inhibited Nox1-derived superoxide anion (O2 -) production in a reconstituted Nox1 cell-free system, with no effect on Nox2-, Nox4-, Nox5-, or xanthine oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species production as measured by cytochrome c reduction, Amplex Red fluorescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance. Superoxides 167-183 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 361-373 24187133-2 2013 A peptide that mimics a putative activation domain of the Nox1 activator subunit NOXA1 (NOXA1 docking sequence, also known as NoxA1ds) potently inhibited Nox1-derived superoxide anion (O2 -) production in a reconstituted Nox1 cell-free system, with no effect on Nox2-, Nox4-, Nox5-, or xanthine oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species production as measured by cytochrome c reduction, Amplex Red fluorescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance. Superoxides 185-187 NADPH oxidase activator 1 Homo sapiens 81-86 24187133-2 2013 A peptide that mimics a putative activation domain of the Nox1 activator subunit NOXA1 (NOXA1 docking sequence, also known as NoxA1ds) potently inhibited Nox1-derived superoxide anion (O2 -) production in a reconstituted Nox1 cell-free system, with no effect on Nox2-, Nox4-, Nox5-, or xanthine oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species production as measured by cytochrome c reduction, Amplex Red fluorescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance. Superoxides 185-187 NADPH oxidase activator 1 Homo sapiens 88-93 24187133-2 2013 A peptide that mimics a putative activation domain of the Nox1 activator subunit NOXA1 (NOXA1 docking sequence, also known as NoxA1ds) potently inhibited Nox1-derived superoxide anion (O2 -) production in a reconstituted Nox1 cell-free system, with no effect on Nox2-, Nox4-, Nox5-, or xanthine oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species production as measured by cytochrome c reduction, Amplex Red fluorescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance. Superoxides 185-187 NADPH oxidase activator 1 Homo sapiens 126-131 24187133-2 2013 A peptide that mimics a putative activation domain of the Nox1 activator subunit NOXA1 (NOXA1 docking sequence, also known as NoxA1ds) potently inhibited Nox1-derived superoxide anion (O2 -) production in a reconstituted Nox1 cell-free system, with no effect on Nox2-, Nox4-, Nox5-, or xanthine oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species production as measured by cytochrome c reduction, Amplex Red fluorescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance. Superoxides 185-187 cytochrome c, somatic Homo sapiens 361-373 24187133-7 2013 Moreover, hypoxia-induced human pulmonary artery endothelial cell O2 - production was completely inhibited by NoxA1ds. Superoxides 66-68 NADPH oxidase activator 1 Homo sapiens 110-117 24113456-4 2013 Although diabetes-associated podocyte depletion was unaffected by EP1 deletion, EP1 antagonism with ONO-8711 in cultured podocytes decreased angiotensin II-mediated superoxide generation, suggesting that EP1-associated injury of remaining podocytes in vivo could contribute to filtration barrier dysfunction. Superoxides 165-175 prostaglandin E receptor 1 (subtype EP1) Mus musculus 80-83 22703342-6 2013 RESULTS: The superoxide inducer menadione triggered a significant de-repression of COX5b and CYC7. Superoxides 13-23 cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vb Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 83-88 22703342-8 2013 COX5b/CYC7 was also de-repressed in wild-type cells treated with antimycin A, a mitochondrial bc1 complex inhibitor that increases superoxide production. Superoxides 131-141 cytochrome c oxidase subunit Vb Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-5 24113456-4 2013 Although diabetes-associated podocyte depletion was unaffected by EP1 deletion, EP1 antagonism with ONO-8711 in cultured podocytes decreased angiotensin II-mediated superoxide generation, suggesting that EP1-associated injury of remaining podocytes in vivo could contribute to filtration barrier dysfunction. Superoxides 165-175 prostaglandin E receptor 1 (subtype EP1) Mus musculus 80-83 24157690-5 2013 An earlier publication reported that endogenous superoxide (O2(-)) in human breast cancer cells constitutively inhibits catalase bioactivity (at the level of its protein), resulting in increased H2O2 levels. Superoxides 48-58 catalase Homo sapiens 120-128 24157690-5 2013 An earlier publication reported that endogenous superoxide (O2(-)) in human breast cancer cells constitutively inhibits catalase bioactivity (at the level of its protein), resulting in increased H2O2 levels. Superoxides 60-62 catalase Homo sapiens 120-128 24157690-6 2013 Interestingly in this study, O2(-) was also found to be down- regulated following NO treatment providing a basis for the observed increase in catalase bioactivity. Superoxides 29-31 catalase Homo sapiens 142-150 23832602-2 2013 Superoxide radical-generating menadione and serum deprivation diminished the steady-state mRNA levels for the genes phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), ubiquitin specific peptidase 28 (USP28), damage-regulated autophagy modulator (DRAM), TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR), and cylindromatosis (CYLD). Superoxides 0-18 DNA damage regulated autophagy modulator 1 Homo sapiens 196-232 24072697-7 2013 Proteomic analyses revealed that superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expression was reduced in TAK1-deficient endothelial cells, resulting in attenuated hydrogen peroxide production but increased mitochondrial superoxide production. Superoxides 33-43 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 57-61 24072697-11 2013 CONCLUSIONS: These results establish TAK1 as an AMPKalpha1 kinase that regulates vascular endothelial growth factor-induced and cytokine-induced angiogenesis by modulating SOD2 expression and the superoxide anion:hydrogen peroxide balance. Superoxides 196-212 protein kinase, AMP-activated, alpha 1 catalytic subunit Mus musculus 48-58 24256261-11 2013 MutSOD1 aggregated and impaired proteasomes only in motoneurons, which were particularly sensitive to superoxide-induced oxidative stress. Superoxides 102-112 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Mus musculus 0-7 23832602-2 2013 Superoxide radical-generating menadione and serum deprivation diminished the steady-state mRNA levels for the genes phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), ubiquitin specific peptidase 28 (USP28), damage-regulated autophagy modulator (DRAM), TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR), and cylindromatosis (CYLD). Superoxides 0-18 DNA damage regulated autophagy modulator 1 Homo sapiens 234-238 23792772-0 2013 Mitochondrial superoxide mediates labile iron level: evidence from Mn-SOD-transgenic mice and heterozygous knockout mice and isolated rat liver mitochondria. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 67-73 24028658-7 2013 At the cellular and mitochondrial levels, ROS were increased in yeast treated with ethanol and increased to a higher level in the ssq1 , isa1 , iba57 and grx5 mutants - hydrogen peroxide and superoxide were the main molecules detected. Superoxides 193-203 Hsp70 family ATPase SSQ1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 130-134 24028658-7 2013 At the cellular and mitochondrial levels, ROS were increased in yeast treated with ethanol and increased to a higher level in the ssq1 , isa1 , iba57 and grx5 mutants - hydrogen peroxide and superoxide were the main molecules detected. Superoxides 193-203 monothiol glutaredoxin GRX5 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 155-159 24036105-3 2013 This study examined the role of the enzymatic antioxidant SOD, which converts the pro-oxidant superoxide into H2O2, in vitiligo pathogenesis. Superoxides 94-104 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 58-61 24103366-3 2013 The studied complexes were found to react with superoxide (generated by a xanthine/xanthine oxidase system) at rate constants (kCu(II)-RSSR) close to 10(6)M(-1)s(-1), which are three orders of magnitude lower than that reported for superoxide dismutase (SOD) but comparable to that of several other copper-containing complexes reported as SOD mimetics. Superoxides 47-57 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 232-252 24126683-6 2013 The finding that AG1478, an EGFR kinase inhibitor, substantially blocked both EGFR phosphorylation and superoxide anion production strongly suggested that phosphorylation of EGFR can be responsible for the activation of NOX with the consequent production of superoxide anion. Superoxides 103-119 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 28-32 24126683-7 2013 Therefore, EGFR phosphorylation can exert a key role in the production of superoxide anion and ROS induced by PN in MDA-MB-231 cells. Superoxides 74-90 epidermal growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 11-15 24103366-3 2013 The studied complexes were found to react with superoxide (generated by a xanthine/xanthine oxidase system) at rate constants (kCu(II)-RSSR) close to 10(6)M(-1)s(-1), which are three orders of magnitude lower than that reported for superoxide dismutase (SOD) but comparable to that of several other copper-containing complexes reported as SOD mimetics. Superoxides 47-57 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 254-257 24103366-3 2013 The studied complexes were found to react with superoxide (generated by a xanthine/xanthine oxidase system) at rate constants (kCu(II)-RSSR) close to 10(6)M(-1)s(-1), which are three orders of magnitude lower than that reported for superoxide dismutase (SOD) but comparable to that of several other copper-containing complexes reported as SOD mimetics. Superoxides 47-57 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 339-342 24103366-4 2013 The interaction between the tested Cu(II)-RSSR and superoxide, led to the generation and recovery of concentrations of hydrogen peroxide and oxygen that were, respectively, below and above those theoretically-expected from a sole SOD mimetic action. Superoxides 51-61 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 230-233 24289788-8 2013 Combined treatment with zinc and angiotensin II substantially increased the levels of superoxides in neurons compared to those induced by zinc alone. Superoxides 86-97 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 33-47 23937122-10 2013 Local delivery of Ang-4 protein significantly increased cavernous endothelial content, induced eNOS phosphorylation, and decreased the generation of superoxide anion and apoptosis in diabetic mice. Superoxides 149-165 angiopoietin 4 Mus musculus 18-23 24340135-8 2013 O2 ( -) levels in hepatocytes of untreated Sod2 (+/-) mice were three-fold higher than in untreated LMC mice, as observed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Superoxides 0-2 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 43-47 23898825-6 2013 The percentage of O2(-)-positive sperm was significantly correlated with sperm DeltaPsim and caspase-3/7 activation in the ejaculate. Superoxides 19-22 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 94-103 23898825-10 2013 The activation of caspase-3/7 could then follow the increased intrinsic superoxide levels due to depleted intrinsic glutathione (GSH). Superoxides 72-82 caspase 3 Homo sapiens 18-27 24324479-7 2013 However, in senescence, superoxide dismutase (SOD), that converts superoxide anion radical ([Formula: see text]) to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2,) decreases, while the thylakoid Ndh complex, that favors the generation of singlet oxygen ((1)O2) and [Formula: see text], and peroxidase (PX), that consumes H2O2, increase. Superoxides 66-90 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 24-44 24340135-9 2013 O2 ( -) levels in mitochondria of Sod2 (+/) mice were four-fold higher than in mitochondria of untreated LMC mice, as measured by MitoSOX Red fluorescence and flow cytometry. Superoxides 0-2 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 34-38 24324479-7 2013 However, in senescence, superoxide dismutase (SOD), that converts superoxide anion radical ([Formula: see text]) to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2,) decreases, while the thylakoid Ndh complex, that favors the generation of singlet oxygen ((1)O2) and [Formula: see text], and peroxidase (PX), that consumes H2O2, increase. Superoxides 66-90 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 46-49 24236204-11 2013 Furthermore, overexpression of AKIP1 reduced and silencing of AKIP1 increased mitochondrial superoxide production, suggesting that AKIP1 modulates the efficiency of electron flux through the ETC. Superoxides 92-102 A-kinase interacting protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 31-36 24363997-0 2013 Over-expressed copper/zinc superoxide dismutase localizes to mitochondria in neurons inhibiting the angiotensin II-mediated increase in mitochondrial superoxide. Superoxides 27-37 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 100-114 24363997-2 2013 AngII intra-neuronal signaling is mediated, at least in part, by reactive oxygen species, particularly superoxide (O2 ( -)). Superoxides 103-113 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-5 24363997-2 2013 AngII intra-neuronal signaling is mediated, at least in part, by reactive oxygen species, particularly superoxide (O2 ( -)). Superoxides 115-117 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 0-5 24363997-3 2013 Recently, it has been discovered that mitochondria are a major subcellular source of AngII-induced O2 ( -). Superoxides 99-101 angiotensinogen Homo sapiens 85-90 24236204-11 2013 Furthermore, overexpression of AKIP1 reduced and silencing of AKIP1 increased mitochondrial superoxide production, suggesting that AKIP1 modulates the efficiency of electron flux through the ETC. Superoxides 92-102 A-kinase interacting protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 62-67 24236204-11 2013 Furthermore, overexpression of AKIP1 reduced and silencing of AKIP1 increased mitochondrial superoxide production, suggesting that AKIP1 modulates the efficiency of electron flux through the ETC. Superoxides 92-102 A-kinase interacting protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 62-67 24236204-12 2013 Together, this suggests that AKIP1 overexpression improves mitochondrial function to enhance respiration without excess superoxide generation, thereby implicating a role for AKIP1 in mitochondrial stress adaptation. Superoxides 120-130 A-kinase interacting protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 29-34 24072007-0 2013 Nox2-derived superoxide contributes to cerebral vascular dysfunction in diet-induced obesity. Superoxides 13-23 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 0-4 24163350-5 2013 In mouse brain, superoxide production induced by NMDA injections or ischemia-reperfusion was likewise prevented by inhibiting Na(+)/H(+) exchange and by reduced expression of the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger-1 (NHE1). Superoxides 16-26 solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1 Mus musculus 179-201 24163350-5 2013 In mouse brain, superoxide production induced by NMDA injections or ischemia-reperfusion was likewise prevented by inhibiting Na(+)/H(+) exchange and by reduced expression of the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger-1 (NHE1). Superoxides 16-26 solute carrier family 9 (sodium/hydrogen exchanger), member 1 Mus musculus 203-207 23941231-8 2013 There were three genes that contributed to "response to superoxide" and "oxygen radical" pathways, including the SOD1 gene. Superoxides 56-66 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 113-117 23768398-5 2013 The addition of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) prevented the hydroxyl radical driven-degradation of beta-glucan induced by iron(II) or ascorbic acid/iron(II), demonstrating the involvement of both superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in the hydroxyl radical formation. Superoxides 29-39 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 51-54 23768398-6 2013 SOD, which catalyses the dismutation of superoxide into hydrogen peroxide, should have stimulated the formation of radicals, since these radicals are generated from the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and iron(II). Superoxides 40-50 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 24070210-3 2013 SOD is a metalloenzyme and it acts as an excellent antioxidant to protect the body from superoxide radicals that are generated in the biological system. Superoxides 88-98 superoxide dismutase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 24072007-8 2013 Genetic studies revealed that Nox2-derived superoxide plays a major role in endothelial dysfunction produced by a HFD. Superoxides 43-53 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 30-34 23957209-0 2013 Phosphorylation of Noxo1 at threonine 341 regulates its interaction with Noxa1 and the superoxide-producing activity of Nox1. Superoxides 87-97 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 120-124 23957209-1 2013 UNLABELLED: Superoxide production by Nox1, a member of the Nox family NAPDH oxidases, requires expression of its regulatory soluble proteins Noxo1 (Nox organizer 1) and Noxa1 (Nox activator 1) and is markedly enhanced upon cell stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a potent activator of protein kinase C (PKC). Superoxides 12-22 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 23819990-6 2013 Upregulation of UCP2 was critical for controlling mitochondrial membrane potential (Deltapsi) and superoxide production. Superoxides 98-108 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 16-20 23880762-3 2013 The antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalyzes the dismutation of highly reactive O2 (-) into H2O2 and thus acts as an intracellular generator of H2O2. Superoxides 95-101 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 45-48 23880762-4 2013 As charged O2 (-) is unable to diffuse through intracellular membranes, cells express distinct SOD isoforms in the cytosol (Cu,Zn-SOD) and mitochondria (Mn-SOD), where they locally scavenge O2 (-) leading to production of H2O2. Superoxides 190-192 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 95-98 23880762-4 2013 As charged O2 (-) is unable to diffuse through intracellular membranes, cells express distinct SOD isoforms in the cytosol (Cu,Zn-SOD) and mitochondria (Mn-SOD), where they locally scavenge O2 (-) leading to production of H2O2. Superoxides 190-192 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 153-159 23903654-8 2013 Furthermore, genetic ablation of the superoxide-producing enzyme NOX2 (also known as CYBB) protected mice from globular domain ligand toxicity. Superoxides 37-47 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 65-69 23903654-8 2013 Furthermore, genetic ablation of the superoxide-producing enzyme NOX2 (also known as CYBB) protected mice from globular domain ligand toxicity. Superoxides 37-47 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 85-89 23804455-2 2013 Overproduction of superoxide by the NADPH oxidase isoform Nox4 plays an important role in podocyte injury. Superoxides 18-28 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 58-62 23813804-6 2013 In contrast, cells subjected to CTNS gene inhibition demonstrated decreased total glutathione content, increased superoxide levels, unaltered oxidative stress index, unaltered catalase activity, induction of superoxide dismutase activity and normal ATP generation. Superoxides 113-123 cystinosin, lysosomal cystine transporter Homo sapiens 32-36 23957209-6 2013 Thus phosphorylation of Noxo1 at Thr341 appears to play a crucial role in PMA-elicited activation of Nox1, providing a molecular link between PKC-mediated signal transduction and Nox1-catalyzed superoxide production. Superoxides 194-204 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 101-105 23957209-6 2013 Thus phosphorylation of Noxo1 at Thr341 appears to play a crucial role in PMA-elicited activation of Nox1, providing a molecular link between PKC-mediated signal transduction and Nox1-catalyzed superoxide production. Superoxides 194-204 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 179-183 23559014-6 2013 Calcium influx through NR2B-containing NMDA receptors triggered mitochondrial depolarization, NOX2 activation, superoxide formation, and cell death. Superoxides 111-121 glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B Homo sapiens 23-27 23261940-10 2013 These results provide the first evidence that plasma from PE generates superoxide via a LOX1-NOX2-mediated pathway and downregulates endothelial KCa3.1, which may contribute to endothelial dysfunction and vasculopathy in preeclampsia. Superoxides 71-81 oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 Homo sapiens 88-92 23200808-3 2013 As the activation of both types of ET-1 receptor (ETA and ETB) leads to increased generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, this may contribute to the severe oxidative stress found in PH patients. Superoxides 96-106 endothelin receptor type A Homo sapiens 50-53 23707391-0 2013 Involvement of small GTPase RhoA in the regulation of superoxide production in BV2 cells in response to fibrillar Abeta peptides. Superoxides 54-64 ras homolog family member A Mus musculus 28-32 23707391-12 2013 These results suggest that RhoA closely engages in the regulation of superoxide production induced by fAbeta through phosphorylation of p47(PHOX) in microglial BV2 cells. Superoxides 69-79 ras homolog family member A Mus musculus 27-31 23727323-4 2013 Eukaryotic systems have evolved defenses against such damaging moieties, the chief member of which is superoxide dismutase (SOD2), an enzyme that efficiently converts superoxide to the less reactive hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which can freely diffuse across the mitochondrial membrane. Superoxides 102-112 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 124-128 23836548-1 2013 The phagocyte NADPH oxidase Nox2 generates superoxide ions implicated in the elimination of microorganisms and the redox control of inflammatory signaling. Superoxides 43-53 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 28-32 23139420-5 2013 We reveal that S-glutathionylation of eNOS, by exposure to either 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) or glutathione reductase-specific siRNA, results in diminished NO production and elevated eNOS-derived superoxide production, along with a concomitant reduction in BH4 levels and BH4:7,8-dihydrobiopterin ratio. Superoxides 213-223 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 113-134 23751520-0 2013 Nox4-generated superoxide drives angiotensin II-induced neural stem cell proliferation. Superoxides 15-25 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 0-4 23751520-7 2013 SiRNA targeting of Nox4 mRNA reduced both the constitutive and Ang II-induced Nox4 protein levels and attenuated Ang II-driven increases in superoxide levels and stem cell proliferation. Superoxides 140-150 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 19-23 23751520-8 2013 Our findings are consistent with our hypothesis that Ang II-induced proliferation of neural stem cells occurs via Nox4-generated superoxide, suggesting that an Ang II/Nox4 axis is an important regulator of neural stem cell self-renewal and as such may fine-tune normal, stress- or disease-modifying neurogenesis. Superoxides 129-139 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 114-118 23751520-8 2013 Our findings are consistent with our hypothesis that Ang II-induced proliferation of neural stem cells occurs via Nox4-generated superoxide, suggesting that an Ang II/Nox4 axis is an important regulator of neural stem cell self-renewal and as such may fine-tune normal, stress- or disease-modifying neurogenesis. Superoxides 129-139 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 167-171 23824088-4 2013 During phase I, there was a preferential upregulation of angiotensin type I receptor (AT1R) messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein that leads to activation of NADPH oxidase (Nox) and increase in superoxide at the RVLM. Superoxides 189-199 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Rattus norvegicus 86-90 23816468-5 2013 Exposure to Ang II resulted in significant increases in suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) expression and phosphorylation levels of JAK2, STAT3 and ERK1/2 linked with elevated superoxide production and cell proliferation in HUASMCs. Superoxides 184-194 suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 Homo sapiens 56-90 23816468-5 2013 Exposure to Ang II resulted in significant increases in suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) expression and phosphorylation levels of JAK2, STAT3 and ERK1/2 linked with elevated superoxide production and cell proliferation in HUASMCs. Superoxides 184-194 suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 Homo sapiens 92-97 23573415-10 2013 In conclusion, hypertension-induced superoxide production derived from Nox2-containing NADPH oxidase promotes hypertrophy and causes endothelial dysfunction in cerebral arterioles, possibly involving interaction with nitric oxide. Superoxides 36-46 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 71-75 23816468-5 2013 Exposure to Ang II resulted in significant increases in suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) expression and phosphorylation levels of JAK2, STAT3 and ERK1/2 linked with elevated superoxide production and cell proliferation in HUASMCs. Superoxides 184-194 Janus kinase 2 Homo sapiens 140-144 23816468-7 2013 More importantly, treatment with human recombinant ACE2 (hrACE2; 1mg/ml) dramatically prevented Ang II-mediated SOCS3 expression and the JAK2-STAT3 and ERK1/2 signaling, and resulted in attenuation of superoxide production and cell proliferation in HUASMCs. Superoxides 201-211 angiotensin converting enzyme 2 Homo sapiens 51-55 23816468-9 2013 In conclusion, treatment with hrACE2 prevents Ang II-mediated activation of the JAK2/STAT3/SOCS3 and profilin-1/MAPK signaling pathways, contributing to attenuation of superoxide generation and cell proliferation in HUASMCs, suggesting a protective mechanism of ACE2 against Ang II-mediated oxidative stress and VSMC proliferation. Superoxides 168-178 angiotensin converting enzyme 2 Homo sapiens 32-36 23940720-3 2013 Recent studies have shown that CD38 may sense redox signals and is thereby activated to produce cellular response and that the NADPH oxidase isoform, NOX1, is a major resource to produce superoxide (O2 -)) in coronary arterial myocytes (CAMs) in response to muscarinic receptor agonist, which uses CD38-ADP-ribosylcyclase signaling pathway to exert its action in these CAMs. Superoxides 187-197 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 150-154 23940720-3 2013 Recent studies have shown that CD38 may sense redox signals and is thereby activated to produce cellular response and that the NADPH oxidase isoform, NOX1, is a major resource to produce superoxide (O2 -)) in coronary arterial myocytes (CAMs) in response to muscarinic receptor agonist, which uses CD38-ADP-ribosylcyclase signaling pathway to exert its action in these CAMs. Superoxides 199-201 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 150-154 23940720-7 2013 Correspondingly, NOX1 gene silencing abolished ET-1-induced O2 - production and increased CD38-ADP-ribosylcyclase activity in CAMs, while activation of NOX1 by overexpression of Rac1 or Vav2 or administration of exogenous O2 - significantly increased CD38 internalization in CAMs. Superoxides 60-62 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 17-21 23940720-7 2013 Correspondingly, NOX1 gene silencing abolished ET-1-induced O2 - production and increased CD38-ADP-ribosylcyclase activity in CAMs, while activation of NOX1 by overexpression of Rac1 or Vav2 or administration of exogenous O2 - significantly increased CD38 internalization in CAMs. Superoxides 222-224 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 17-21 23788763-5 2013 By using the mitochondrial-specific superoxide dye MitoSox and complex I inhibitor rotenone, we identified the mitochondrial respiratory chain as the major PGC-1alpha-dependent reactive oxygen species source in vivo, accompanied by increased vascular inflammation and cell senescence. Superoxides 36-46 peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha Mus musculus 156-166 23597505-1 2013 Uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) is a member of the mitochondrial inner membrane carrier superfamily that modulates energy efficiency by catalyzing proton conductance and thus decreasing the production of superoxide anion. Superoxides 200-216 uncoupling protein 3 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 0-20 23597505-1 2013 Uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) is a member of the mitochondrial inner membrane carrier superfamily that modulates energy efficiency by catalyzing proton conductance and thus decreasing the production of superoxide anion. Superoxides 200-216 uncoupling protein 3 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 22-26 24159377-8 2013 This superoxide increase was inhibited by the gp91 ds-tat and ERK 1/2 inhibitor (PD98059). Superoxides 5-15 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Mus musculus 62-69 24159377-9 2013 In conclusion, adenosine-induced increase in CF in isolated heart involves Nox2-generated superoxide, possibly through ERK 1/2 phosphorylation with subsequent p47-phox subunit phosphorylation. Superoxides 90-100 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 75-79 24159377-9 2013 In conclusion, adenosine-induced increase in CF in isolated heart involves Nox2-generated superoxide, possibly through ERK 1/2 phosphorylation with subsequent p47-phox subunit phosphorylation. Superoxides 90-100 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Mus musculus 119-126 23819597-1 2013 The hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunction and increased superoxide levels in thymocytes over expressing Bax (Lck-Bax1 and Lck-Bax38&1) contributes to lymphomagenesis after low-dose radiation was tested. Superoxides 60-70 lymphocyte protein tyrosine kinase Mus musculus 113-116 24066190-9 2013 Mitochondria are the main source of superoxide radicals, which are converted to H2O2 through two superoxide dismutases, Sod1 and Sod2. Superoxides 36-46 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 120-124 23187810-3 2012 The recruitment of p67phox to the cell membrane causes the activation of the NADPH oxidase complex followed by the generation of NADP+ and superoxide from molecular oxygen. Superoxides 139-149 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 19-26 22933112-5 2012 Inhibition of either p38 with SB203580 or JNK with SP600125 reduced superoxide production and improved shear stress-induced dilation (SSID) in 3M, but not in 9M, diabetic mice. Superoxides 68-78 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 21-24 23000059-0 2012 Estrogen receptor potentiates mTORC2 signaling in breast cancer cells by upregulating superoxide anions. Superoxides 86-103 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2 Mus musculus 30-36 23000059-7 2012 Additional studies revealed that augmented O(2)( -) levels in breast cancer specimens coincided with mammalian target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2) hyperactivation. Superoxides 43-47 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2 Mus musculus 142-148 23000059-12 2012 Taken together, our findings unravel a novel nongenomic pathway unique to estrogen-responsive breast cancer cells wherein, upon stimulation by E2, ER may regulate mTORC2 activity in a redox-dependent manner by transiently modulating O(2)( -) levels particularly within mitochondria. Superoxides 233-237 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2 Mus musculus 163-169 23000060-8 2012 These results provide evidence indicating that in addition to the enzymatic action of detoxifying superoxide, the antioxidant MnSOD may function as a signaling regulator in stress-induced adaptive protection through cell survival pathways. Superoxides 98-108 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 126-131 23151243-1 2012 BACKGROUND: Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) was reported to be involved in lipid metabolism through regulating the production of superoxide anion. Superoxides 125-141 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 12-32 23151243-1 2012 BACKGROUND: Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) was reported to be involved in lipid metabolism through regulating the production of superoxide anion. Superoxides 125-141 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 34-38 23819597-6 2013 Sirt3(-/-)/Lck-Bax38&1 mice demonstrated significant increases in thymocyte superoxide levels and acceleration of lymphomagenesis (P < 0.001). Superoxides 80-90 lymphocyte protein tyrosine kinase Mus musculus 11-14 23922819-2 2013 The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that the central orexin-A (OXA) could be involved in the cardiovascular dysfunction of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by releasing NAD(P)H oxidase-derived superoxide anion (O2 (-)) generation in RVLM, AMI rat model established by ligating the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery to induce manifestation of cardiac dysfunction, monitored by the indicators as heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and left intraventricular pressure. Superoxides 212-228 2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 1, mitochondrial Mus musculus 188-195 23922819-2 2013 The current study was designed to test the hypothesis that the central orexin-A (OXA) could be involved in the cardiovascular dysfunction of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) by releasing NAD(P)H oxidase-derived superoxide anion (O2 (-)) generation in RVLM, AMI rat model established by ligating the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery to induce manifestation of cardiac dysfunction, monitored by the indicators as heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and left intraventricular pressure. Superoxides 230-236 2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 1, mitochondrial Mus musculus 188-195 23339688-25 2013 In an O2-dependent reaction, [GalE-NADH] reduces the stable radical UDP-TEMPO with production of superoxide radical. Superoxides 6-8 UDP-galactose-4-epimerase Homo sapiens 30-34 23339688-25 2013 In an O2-dependent reaction, [GalE-NADH] reduces the stable radical UDP-TEMPO with production of superoxide radical. Superoxides 97-115 UDP-galactose-4-epimerase Homo sapiens 30-34 23624625-0 2013 Mitochondrial-localized NADPH oxidase 4 is a source of superoxide in angiotensin II-stimulated neurons. Superoxides 55-65 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 24-39 23624625-9 2013 Additionally, adenoviral-encoded small interfering RNA for Nox4 (AdsiNox4) caused a robust knockdown in Nox4 mRNA and protein levels, which led to the attenuation of ANG II-induced mitochondrial O2 - production. Superoxides 195-197 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 59-63 23624625-9 2013 Additionally, adenoviral-encoded small interfering RNA for Nox4 (AdsiNox4) caused a robust knockdown in Nox4 mRNA and protein levels, which led to the attenuation of ANG II-induced mitochondrial O2 - production. Superoxides 195-197 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 69-73 23624625-11 2013 Collectively, these data suggest that Nox4 is a source of O2 - in neuron mitochondria that contributes to ANG II intraneuronal signaling. Superoxides 58-60 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 38-42 23639814-6 2013 Gastric tissue neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) protein expression was upregulated in both newborn and adult hph-1 mice, but in the former there was evidence of enzyme uncoupling and higher tissue superoxide generation when compared with same age-matched animals. Superoxides 202-212 nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal Mus musculus 47-51 23633486-8 2013 We confirmed our findings with CD14(+) cells isolated from patients with advanced stage melanoma, which inhibited autologous T cells in a manner relying up prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), STAT-3, and superoxide. Superoxides 193-203 CD14 molecule Homo sapiens 31-35 23417568-4 2013 In the current study, we scrutinized the effects of hydrogen peroxide and/or menadione (superoxide anion generator) on JNK/p38-MAPKs and JAK2-STAT3 pathways to elucidate the mechanism(s) by which each oxidant modulated the above-mentioned pathways leading to SK-N-MC cell death. Superoxides 88-104 Janus kinase 2 Homo sapiens 137-141 23453926-0 2013 Advanced oxidation protein products induce cardiomyocyte death via Nox2/Rac1/superoxide-dependent TRAF3IP2/JNK signaling. Superoxides 77-87 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 67-71 23453926-6 2013 AOPP-MSA stimulated Nox2/Rac1-dependent superoxide generation, TRAF3IP2 expression, and TRAF3IP2-dependent JNK activation. Superoxides 40-50 peroxiredoxin 5 Mus musculus 0-4 23453926-6 2013 AOPP-MSA stimulated Nox2/Rac1-dependent superoxide generation, TRAF3IP2 expression, and TRAF3IP2-dependent JNK activation. Superoxides 40-50 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 20-24 23453926-6 2013 AOPP-MSA stimulated Nox2/Rac1-dependent superoxide generation, TRAF3IP2 expression, and TRAF3IP2-dependent JNK activation. Superoxides 40-50 Rac family small GTPase 1 Mus musculus 25-29 23453926-12 2013 These results demonstrate for the first time that AOPPs induce cardiomyocyte death via Nox2/Rac1/superoxide-dependent TRAF3IP2/JNK activation in vitro and suggest that AOPPs may contribute to myocardial injury in vivo. Superoxides 97-107 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 87-91 23453926-12 2013 These results demonstrate for the first time that AOPPs induce cardiomyocyte death via Nox2/Rac1/superoxide-dependent TRAF3IP2/JNK activation in vitro and suggest that AOPPs may contribute to myocardial injury in vivo. Superoxides 97-107 Rac family small GTPase 1 Mus musculus 92-96 23459072-8 2013 Angiotensin II-stimulated superoxide was substantially less in arteries from Nox2-deficient (Nox2(-/y)) versus WT mice (P<0.05). Superoxides 26-36 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 77-81 23621575-6 2013 Interestingly, amp1 mutants accumulated excess superoxide and displayed hypersensitivity to oxidative stress. Superoxides 47-57 Peptidase M28 family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 15-19 23805104-3 2013 Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that superoxide generated by Nox2 plays a role in angiotensin II-induced cerebral arteriolar remodeling. Superoxides 41-51 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 65-69 23805104-10 2013 Increased superoxide and inward remodeling were prevented in Nox2-deficient mice. Superoxides 10-20 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 61-65 23805104-12 2013 In conclusion, superoxide derived from Nox2-containing NADPH oxidase plays an important role in angiotensin II-mediated inward remodeling in cerebral arterioles. Superoxides 15-25 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 39-43 23454539-10 2013 These results suggest that NOX2 activity provides a significant source of superoxide-derived PN to undertake post-translational modifications of mitochondrial MnSOD and to engage neuroinflammatory signaling in the spinal cord associated with opioid-induced antinociceptive tolerance. Superoxides 74-84 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 27-31 23349484-6 2013 Double transgenic mice with endothelial-specific insulin resistance and deletion of Nox2 showed reduced superoxide production and improved vascular function. Superoxides 104-114 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 84-88 23776393-0 2013 Contradictory Effects of Superoxide and Hydrogen Peroxide on KCa3.1 in Human Endothelial Cells. Superoxides 25-35 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4 Homo sapiens 61-67 24627764-3 2012 To this end, we used transgenic fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) to explore the interaction between mutant superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and chemicals such as ss-N-methylamino L-alanine (BMAA), the herbicide agent paraquat, and superoxide species. Superoxides 112-122 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 136-140 22933115-7 2012 The enhanced secretory function in Nox2-deficient islets was associated with both lower superoxide levels and elevated cAMP concentrations. Superoxides 88-98 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 35-39 22900927-9 2012 Furthermore, increased superoxide anion levels were found in lung homogenates of cigarette smoke-exposed rats after incubation with 5-HT (p < 0.05), which was positively associated with the increase in MAO-A activity (r = 0.639, p < 0.05). Superoxides 23-39 monoamine oxidase A Rattus norvegicus 205-210 22900927-11 2012 The metabolism of 5-HT by MAO-A in the lung enhanced cigarette smoke-induced superoxides, which might contribute to the pathogenesis of COPD. Superoxides 77-88 monoamine oxidase A Rattus norvegicus 26-31 22896039-0 2012 NADPH oxidase 4 mediates flow-induced superoxide production in thick ascending limbs. Superoxides 38-48 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 0-15 22896039-3 2012 Of the three isoforms expressed in the kidney-Nox1, Nox2, and Nox4-we hypothesized that Nox4 is responsible for flow-induced O(2)(-) production in TALs. Superoxides 125-129 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 46-50 22896039-3 2012 Of the three isoforms expressed in the kidney-Nox1, Nox2, and Nox4-we hypothesized that Nox4 is responsible for flow-induced O(2)(-) production in TALs. Superoxides 125-129 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 62-66 22896039-3 2012 Of the three isoforms expressed in the kidney-Nox1, Nox2, and Nox4-we hypothesized that Nox4 is responsible for flow-induced O(2)(-) production in TALs. Superoxides 125-129 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 88-92 22896039-9 2012 Flow-induced O(2)(-) was 18 +- 9 AU/s in TALs transduced with Nox4 siRNA compared with 77 +- 9 AU/s in tubules transduced with scrambled siRNA. Superoxides 13-17 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 62-66 22896039-10 2012 Flow-induced O(2)(-) was 81 +- 5 AU/s in Nox2 knockout mice compared with 83 +- 13 AU/s in wild-type mice. Superoxides 13-17 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 41-45 22503830-1 2012 The rates of NADH-supported superoxide/hydrogen peroxide production by membrane-bound bovine heart respiratory complex I, soluble pig heart dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLDH), and by accompanying operation of these enzymes in rat heart mitochondrial matrix were measured as a function of the pool of pyridine nucleotides and its redox state. Superoxides 28-38 dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase Sus scrofa 172-176 22705884-2 2012 Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) can mitigate oxidative stress by increasing the influx of protons into the mitochondrial matrix and reducing electron leakage and mitochondrial superoxide generation. Superoxides 186-196 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-34 22705884-2 2012 Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) can mitigate oxidative stress by increasing the influx of protons into the mitochondrial matrix and reducing electron leakage and mitochondrial superoxide generation. Superoxides 186-196 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 36-40 22705884-3 2012 Here, we demonstrate that chemical uncouplers or UCP2 over-expression strongly decrease mitochondrial superoxide induction by the anticancer drug gemcitabine (GEM) and protect cancer cells from GEM-induced apoptosis. Superoxides 102-112 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 49-53 22705884-6 2012 Conversely, UCP2 inhibition by genipin or UCP2 mRNA silencing strongly enhances GEM-induced mitochondrial superoxide generation and apoptosis, synergistically inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. Superoxides 106-116 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 12-16 22705884-6 2012 Conversely, UCP2 inhibition by genipin or UCP2 mRNA silencing strongly enhances GEM-induced mitochondrial superoxide generation and apoptosis, synergistically inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. Superoxides 106-116 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 42-46 22688013-2 2012 The superoxide dismutase manganese dependent (SOD2) catalyzes O(2)(-) in H(2)O(2) into mitochondria and is encoded by a single gene that presents a common polymorphism that results in the replacement of alanine (A) with a valine (V) in the 16 codon. Superoxides 62-66 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 46-50 22822009-1 2012 Flavocytochrome b(558), the catalytic core of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase (NOX2), mediates electron transfer from NADPH to molecular oxygen to generate superoxide, the precursor of highly ROS for host defense. Superoxides 152-162 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 75-79 22925659-5 2012 Nox2- and Nox4-specific siRNAs suppressed H2O2 and superoxide generation. Superoxides 51-61 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 10-14 22836756-4 2012 We found that miR-21 inhibited the metabolism of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide, produced either by endogenous basal activities or exposure to ionizing radiation (IR), by directing attenuating SOD3 or by an indirect mechanism that limited TNFa production, thereby reducing SOD2 levels. Superoxides 49-59 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 274-278 22973021-1 2012 Excitotoxic neuronal death is mediated in part by NMDA receptor-induced activation of NOX2, an enzyme that produces superoxide and resultant oxidative stress. Superoxides 116-126 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 86-90 22973021-7 2012 These findings show that activation of NMDA receptors on one neuron can lead to oxidative stress and cell death in neighboring neurons and astrocytes by a process involving the extracellular release of superoxide by NOX2. Superoxides 202-212 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 216-220 22509822-5 2012 KEY RESULTS: AMPK was activated by exposure to 3% or 0.2% O(2) for 60 min in cells grown in submerged culture or when fluid (0.1 mL cm(-2) ) was added to the apical surface of cells grown at the air-liquid interface. Superoxides 58-62 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1 Homo sapiens 13-17 22509822-6 2012 Only 0.2% O(2) activated AMPK in cells grown at the air-liquid interface. Superoxides 10-14 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1 Homo sapiens 25-29 22634165-13 2012 This negative effect was well-correlated with increased cAMP levels via PKA activity and the subsequent inhibition of ERK (p42/p44) phosphorylation to decrease superoxide anion production. Superoxides 160-176 interferon induced protein 44 Homo sapiens 127-130 22554771-13 2012 It is suggested that omentin inhibits TNF-alpha-induced VCAM-1 expression via preventing the activation of p38 and JNK at least in part through inhibition of superoxide production. Superoxides 158-168 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 56-62 22753718-2 2012 As a hallmark of the transformed state, extracellular superoxide anions generated by NADPH oxidase1 (NOX1) are centrally involved in the control of the transformed state. Superoxides 54-71 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 85-99 23776393-12 2013 On the other hand, superoxide reduces KCa3.1 expression by downregulating pERK and upregulating REST, and inhibits the K(+) current. Superoxides 19-29 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4 Homo sapiens 38-44 22753718-2 2012 As a hallmark of the transformed state, extracellular superoxide anions generated by NADPH oxidase1 (NOX1) are centrally involved in the control of the transformed state. Superoxides 54-71 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 101-105 23454195-6 2013 We also provide evidence that activation of microglial CR1 was detrimental to neurons and this correlated with an increase in microglial intracellular superoxide generation, and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) secretion. Superoxides 151-161 complement C3b/C4b receptor 1 (Knops blood group) Homo sapiens 55-58 23611775-2 2013 Down-regulation of the mitochondrial enzyme superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) contributes to the stabilization of HIF-1alpha under hypoxia due to the decreased dismutation of superoxide radical. Superoxides 171-189 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 44-66 23611775-2 2013 Down-regulation of the mitochondrial enzyme superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) contributes to the stabilization of HIF-1alpha under hypoxia due to the decreased dismutation of superoxide radical. Superoxides 171-189 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 68-72 23691105-11 2013 Ang II-infusion was associated with increased oxidative stress as indicated by increased NAD(P)H oxidase activity and super oxide production in the PVN, which was prevented by inhibition of TNF. Superoxides 118-129 tumor necrosis factor-like Rattus norvegicus 190-193 23667524-11 2013 SOD activity was reduced by midgut PSN knockdown, and these flies were sensitive to the superoxide-inducing chemical paraquat. Superoxides 88-98 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 0-3 23318789-3 2013 One of the immediate responses upon macrophage activation involves the production of superoxide radical (O2( -)) due to the NADPH-dependent univalent reduction of oxygen to O2( -) by the phagocytic NADPH oxidase isoform (NOX2), the activity of NOX2 being the main source of O2( -) in monocytes/macrophages. Superoxides 85-103 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 221-225 23318789-3 2013 One of the immediate responses upon macrophage activation involves the production of superoxide radical (O2( -)) due to the NADPH-dependent univalent reduction of oxygen to O2( -) by the phagocytic NADPH oxidase isoform (NOX2), the activity of NOX2 being the main source of O2( -) in monocytes/macrophages. Superoxides 85-103 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 244-248 23525089-5 2013 Accordingly, Ulk1(-/-) cells exhibited enhanced mitochondrial production of superoxide and activation of caspase-1. Superoxides 76-86 unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 Homo sapiens 13-17 22957419-17 2012 DIA-2 could also efficiently scavenge the super oxide radical generated from PMS/NADH-NBT system showing an IC50 value 69.99 microg/ml, the IC50 value of ASE (157.7 microg/ml), LSE (20.43 microg/ml), and ascorbic acid (49.64 microg/ml) used as positive control. Superoxides 42-61 low set ears Mus musculus 177-180 22580024-7 2012 As shown, the super-oxide generation began enhancing very early on day 10 after SAG treatment with CD2 during which SAG action was at minimum. Superoxides 14-25 CD2 antigen Mus musculus 99-102 22937798-6 2013 In rodents, three cerebrovascular NOXes exist: the superoxide-forming NOX1 and 2 and the hydrogen peroxide-forming NOX4. Superoxides 51-61 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 70-80 23261940-0 2013 NADPH oxidase 2-derived superoxide downregulates endothelial KCa3.1 in preeclampsia. Superoxides 24-34 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4 Homo sapiens 61-67 23261940-8 2013 Oxidized LDL and the superoxide donor xanthine/xanthine oxidase mixture induced KCa3.1 downregulation. Superoxides 21-31 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily N member 4 Homo sapiens 80-86 23354121-9 2013 We thus demonstrate for the first time that UCP2, functional due to fatty acids released by redox-activated mt-iPLA2gamma, suppresses mitochondrial superoxide production by its uncoupling action. Superoxides 148-158 patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 8 Mus musculus 111-121 23295407-12 2013 CONCLUSION: Melatonin inhibits PKC-alpha to increase cationic amino acid transporter-1 (CAT-1)-mediated L-arginine uptake in BDL liver, whereas it inhibits PKC-beta to reduce NADPH-dependent superoxide production. Superoxides 191-201 solute carrier family 7 member 1 Rattus norvegicus 88-93 22442695-7 2012 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We conclude that formation of peroxynitrite by a reaction between superoxide anion generated by NADPH oxidase in RVLM on activation by AT1R and NOS II-derived NO leads to a reduction in baroreflex-mediated sympathetic vasomotor tone during experimental TLSE; to be ameliorated by the upregulated BDNF/TrkB signaling via inhibition of p47(phox) phosphorylation. Superoxides 92-108 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 161-165 22442695-7 2012 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We conclude that formation of peroxynitrite by a reaction between superoxide anion generated by NADPH oxidase in RVLM on activation by AT1R and NOS II-derived NO leads to a reduction in baroreflex-mediated sympathetic vasomotor tone during experimental TLSE; to be ameliorated by the upregulated BDNF/TrkB signaling via inhibition of p47(phox) phosphorylation. Superoxides 92-108 neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 2 Homo sapiens 327-331 21967817-8 2011 Moreover, overexpression of NGB attenuated ocular hypertension-induced superoxide production and the associated decrease in ATP levels in mice, suggesting that NGB acts as an endogenous neuroprotectant to reduce oxidative stress and improve mitochondrial function, thereby promoting RGC survival. Superoxides 71-81 neuroglobin Mus musculus 28-31 21899432-1 2011 Gene therapy-mediated overexpression of superoxide dismutases (SOD) appears to be a promising strategy for modulating radiosensitivity based on detoxification of superoxide radicals and suppression of apoptosis. Superoxides 162-181 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 63-66 21899432-5 2011 A six- to eightfold increase in SOD activity was observed after transduction, rendering MnSOD-overexpressing TK6 cells significantly more resistant to paraquat-induced superoxide radical production than controls. Superoxides 168-186 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-35 21899432-5 2011 A six- to eightfold increase in SOD activity was observed after transduction, rendering MnSOD-overexpressing TK6 cells significantly more resistant to paraquat-induced superoxide radical production than controls. Superoxides 168-186 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 88-93 21981804-8 2011 Taken together, these results showed that O(2)(-) is an important signaling molecule for activating the MKK3/6-p38 cascade, which is requisite for inducing TNFalpha in microglia. Superoxides 42-46 mitogen activated protein kinase kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 104-108 21833043-5 2011 RESULTS: At resting state, the superoxide production in aortic and cardiac tissues was lower in cyclo-oxygenase-2 deficient than in the wild type or in cyclo-oxygenase-1 deficient mice. Superoxides 31-41 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Mus musculus 96-113 22726689-0 2012 Ebselen and congeners inhibit NADPH oxidase 2-dependent superoxide generation by interrupting the binding of regulatory subunits. Superoxides 56-66 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 30-45 21833043-9 2011 CONCLUSIONS: Cyclo-oxygenase-2 pathway plays a major role in the superoxide generation as well as in the angiotensin II-induced oxidative stress and blood pressure. Superoxides 65-75 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Mus musculus 13-30 21939459-6 2011 Our results indicate that OGD led to a transient increase in p38 MAPK activation that preceded increases in superoxide generation and neuronal death. Superoxides 108-118 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 61-64 22542467-4 2012 In cardiac mitochondria isolated from transgenic (TG) mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of Hsp22, mitochondrial basal, ADP-dependent, and uncoupled O2 consumption was increased in the presence of either glucidic or lipidic substrates. Superoxides 156-158 heat shock protein 8 Mus musculus 99-104 22542467-7 2012 Hsp22-induced increase in O2 consumption was abolished either by pretreatment of TG mice with the NO synthase inhibitor L-N(G)-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or in isolated mitochondria by the NO scavenger phenyltetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide. Superoxides 26-28 heat shock protein 8 Mus musculus 0-5 22561706-5 2012 The major antioxidant enzyme that scavenges superoxide anion radical in mitochondria is manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Superoxides 44-68 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 88-118 22561706-5 2012 The major antioxidant enzyme that scavenges superoxide anion radical in mitochondria is manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Superoxides 44-68 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 120-125 22802702-4 2012 Tat-mediated p66shc transduction showed increased hydrogen peroxide and superoxide production, compared with Tat-p66shc (S/A), serine 36 residue mutant of p66shc. Superoxides 72-82 tyrosine aminotransferase Homo sapiens 0-3 22547077-9 2012 One protein identified to be upregulated in the resistant cells was manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2), a mitochondrial protein that converts superoxide radicals to hydrogen peroxides. Superoxides 78-88 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 100-104 22624839-8 2012 However, nNOS protein expression was up-regulated 2-fold by BRL, and the suppressive effect of BRL on superoxide generation was abrogated by acute nNOS inhibition. Superoxides 102-112 nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal Mus musculus 147-151 22098189-12 2012 CONCLUSION: We provide evidence that dopaminergic neurons are equipped with the Nox1/Rac1 superoxide-generating system. Superoxides 90-100 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 80-84 21895890-2 2011 In this study, we have characterized rad-8 and have found that rad-8 showed several phenotypes of mitochondrial dysfunction such as a decreased activity of the respiratory chain, increased generation of superoxide anions, increased oxidative damage, increased apoptosis, and abnormal mitochondrial structure. Superoxides 203-220 Reticulon-4-interacting protein 1, mitochondrial Caenorhabditis elegans 63-68 21551343-3 2011 The NAD phosphate oxidase (NOX) family members NOX2 and NOX5 are the 2 enzymes implicated in superoxide production in spermatozoa. Superoxides 93-103 NADPH oxidase 5 Capra hircus 56-60 21791598-4 2011 In a semirecombinant cell-free system, PDI inhibitors scrRNase (100 mug/mL) or bacitracin (1 mM) near totally suppressed superoxide generation. Superoxides 121-131 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 39-42 22431727-9 2012 The abundance of LHCBM1 and LHCBM2/7 is in both cases correlated with resistance to superoxide anion, whereas only LHCBM1 is also involved in singlet oxygen scavenging. Superoxides 84-100 uncharacterized protein Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 17-23 21791598-7 2011 Moreover, a mimetic CxxC PDI inhibited superoxide production by ~70%. Superoxides 39-49 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 25-28 20712406-4 2011 p53 orchestrates mitochondrial redox signaling by the coordinated control of at least two key effectors: the superoxide scavenger MnSOD, and the ROS generator p66shc. Superoxides 109-119 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 130-135 21270097-7 2011 Inhibition of COX-2 (NS398), NADPH oxidase (apocynin), or a combination blocked aldosterone-induced O(2)(-) production to the same degree. Superoxides 100-105 cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial Mus musculus 14-19 21471960-6 2011 The superoxide-producing cells were Ly-6C(-)Ly-6G(+) and they expressed proinflammatory activities, exacerbating airway hyperresponsiveness in a superoxide-dependent fashion. Superoxides 4-14 lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus G Mus musculus 44-49 22278940-4 2012 Our principal aim in this study was to investigate whether superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase1 (Nox1) is involved in NRX-regulated Wnt signaling in intestinal and colon epithelial cells. Superoxides 59-69 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 97-101 22406317-4 2012 Subsequent studies demonstrate that the electrotaxis of HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells is abolished by NADPH oxidase inhibitor and overexpression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), an enzyme that hydrolyzes superoxide. Superoxides 155-165 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 177-182 22404107-9 2012 From the kinetic data, and the levels of AO and NADH, O(2)( -) production was estimated to be ~89 and ~4 nM/s in liver and heart, respectively, much higher than that estimated for XOR under similar conditions. Superoxides 54-62 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 180-183 22447222-14 2012 These changes in tissue MMP-2 were connected with stimulation of Akt kinase activation, inhibition of SOD, an increase in superoxide levels, induction of iNOS protein expression and caspase-3 activation. Superoxides 122-132 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Rattus norvegicus 24-29 22287576-0 2012 Endothelial-specific Nox2 overexpression increases vascular superoxide and macrophage recruitment in ApoE-/- mice. Superoxides 60-70 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 21-25 22287576-4 2012 Endothelial overexpression of Nox2 in ApoE(-/-) mice did not alter blood pressure, but significantly increased vascular superoxide production compared with ApoE(-/-) littermates, measured using both lucigenin chemiluminescence and 2-hydroxyethidium production (ApoE(-/-), 19.9 +- 6.3 vs. Nox2-Tg ApoE(-/-), 47.0 +- 7.0 nmol 2-hydroxyethidium/aorta, P< 0.05). Superoxides 120-130 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 30-34 22287576-7 2012 CONCLUSION: Endothelial-targeted Nox2 overexpression in ApoE(-/-) mice is sufficient to increase vascular superoxide production and increase macrophage recruitment possible via activation of endothelial cells. Superoxides 106-116 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 33-37 21487074-9 2011 In cell culture, exposure of lung fibroblasts to Ang II increased CTGF expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner, which could be abolished by inhibition of superoxide, NO, and peroxynitrite accumulation. Superoxides 162-172 cellular communication network factor 2 Mus musculus 66-70 21590695-5 2011 They were capable of detecting and visualizing O2( -) and H2O2 overproduction caused by a mutation in the gene encoding nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide dehydrogenase subunit 6 (ND6) in HepG2 cells. Superoxides 47-49 mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 6 Homo sapiens 179-182 21457779-0 2011 2-(2-Fluorobenzamido)benzoate ethyl ester (EFB-1) inhibits superoxide production by human neutrophils and attenuates hemorrhagic shock-induced organ dysfunction in rats. Superoxides 59-69 ephrin B1 Homo sapiens 43-48 21457779-2 2011 In this study, we report that a small chemical compound, 2-(2-fluorobenzamido)benzoic acid ethyl ester (EFB-1), exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on the formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP)-induced superoxide anion (O2 -) release and CD11b expression by human neutrophils. Superoxides 215-231 ephrin B1 Homo sapiens 104-109 21457779-2 2011 In this study, we report that a small chemical compound, 2-(2-fluorobenzamido)benzoic acid ethyl ester (EFB-1), exhibited a potent inhibitory effect on the formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (FMLP)-induced superoxide anion (O2 -) release and CD11b expression by human neutrophils. Superoxides 233-235 ephrin B1 Homo sapiens 104-109 21457779-6 2011 The inhibitory effects of EFB-1 on O(2 -) production, CD11b expression, and AKT phosphorylation were reversed by PKA inhibitors (H89 and KT5720). Superoxides 35-41 ephrin B1 Homo sapiens 26-31 21415386-9 2011 These effects contrast markedly with those reported for Nox1 and Nox2, which involve superoxide-mediated inactivation of nitric oxide. Superoxides 85-95 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 56-60 21415386-9 2011 These effects contrast markedly with those reported for Nox1 and Nox2, which involve superoxide-mediated inactivation of nitric oxide. Superoxides 85-95 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 65-69 21427216-1 2011 After oophorectomy, mRen2.Lewis rats exhibit diastolic dysfunction associated with elevated superoxide, increased cardiac neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression, and diminished myocardial tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) content, effects that are attenuated with selective nNOS inhibition. Superoxides 92-102 renin 2 tandem duplication of Ren1 Mus musculus 20-25 21376054-7 2011 Further, Ang-II also activated CREB via superoxide-mediated p38 MAPK and ERK activation. Superoxides 40-50 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 60-63 21496279-3 2011 NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) is the predominant source of superoxide in the endothelial cells whereas superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) are the antioxidant enzymes responsible for inactivating reactive oxygen species. Superoxides 52-62 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-15 22291013-6 2012 Moreover, the H(V)1 proton channel, which was recently implicated in spermatozoa motility, was required for optimal superoxide production by spermatozoa. Superoxides 116-126 hydrogen voltage gated channel 1 Homo sapiens 14-19 21496279-3 2011 NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) is the predominant source of superoxide in the endothelial cells whereas superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) are the antioxidant enzymes responsible for inactivating reactive oxygen species. Superoxides 52-62 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 17-21 21425153-7 2011 Increased activation of p38MAPK, MAPKAPK2, and Hsp27 was observed in lung cancer stem cells compared with control A549 cells both before and after exposure to superoxide and chemotoxic agents. Superoxides 159-169 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 24-31 21257347-3 2011 Nitric oxide, which may work to counter the effects of ROS, particularly superoxide, has been identified as a signaling molecule in angiotensin-1-7 (Ang-(1-7)) stimulated neurons. Superoxides 73-83 angiopoietin 1 Homo sapiens 149-157 21384152-9 2012 Results from spectroscopy assays indicate that HT in the presence of peroxidases can undergo catechol-semiquinone-quinone redox cycling generating superoxide, which in a cellular context can activate the antioxidant system, e.g., MnSOD expression. Superoxides 147-157 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 230-235 23080136-4 2012 Loss of HIF-2 activity leads to decreased transcription of the Sod2 gene, encoding manganese superoxide dismutase, which converts superoxide to hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 93-103 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 63-67 22572461-7 2012 Moreover, in isolated mouse aortas, GlcN caused eNOS uncoupling resulting in enhanced superoxide and decreased NO production, as well as impaired endothelium-dependent relaxations, which were also fully prevented by the p38mapk inhibitor. Superoxides 86-96 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 220-227 21372211-3 2011 Here, we investigated the contribution of luminal acidity to superoxide (O(2)( -)) production induced by oleic acid-bound albumin (OA-Alb) in proximal tubular cells. Superoxides 61-71 albumin Mus musculus 134-137 21372211-3 2011 Here, we investigated the contribution of luminal acidity to superoxide (O(2)( -)) production induced by oleic acid-bound albumin (OA-Alb) in proximal tubular cells. Superoxides 73-81 albumin Mus musculus 134-137 21372211-4 2011 Acidic media significantly enhanced OA-Alb-induced O(2)( -) production in the HK-2 proximal tubular cell line. Superoxides 51-55 albumin Mus musculus 39-42 21372211-7 2011 Furthermore, knockdown of Pyk2 with siRNA attenuated the O(2)( -) production induced by cotreatment with OA-Alb and acid. Superoxides 57-65 PTK2 protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta Mus musculus 26-30 21372211-7 2011 Furthermore, knockdown of Pyk2 with siRNA attenuated the O(2)( -) production induced by cotreatment with OA-Alb and acid. Superoxides 57-65 albumin Mus musculus 108-111 21178165-5 2011 Introduction of NADP(+)-reducing enzymes, such as wheat non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase or E. coli malic enzyme, led to NADPH accumulation, inhibition of the soxRS regulon and enhanced sensitivity to the superoxide propagator methyl viologen (MV). Superoxides 233-243 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1, cytosolic Triticum aestivum 76-116 21186270-10 2011 Catechin 1) reduced cerebral superoxide staining (P < 0.05) in ATX mice, 2) restored endothelial function by reducing myogenic tone, improving ACh- and FMD and restoring the sensitivity to nitric oxide synthase inhibition (P < 0.05), 3) increased the changes in CBF during stimulation but not basal CBF, and 4) prevented the decline in learning abilities (P < 0.05). Superoxides 29-39 diencephalon/mesencephalon homeobox 1 Mus musculus 66-69 21150282-9 2011 In direct support of these findings, the tumor promoting effects of Cav-1 deficient fibroblasts could be functionally suppressed (nearly 2-fold) by the recombinant over-expression of SOD2 (superoxide dismutase 2), a known mitochondrial enzyme that de-activates superoxide, thereby reducing mitochondrial oxidative stress. Superoxides 189-199 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 183-187 21304882-5 2011 Infection of Nox2(-/y) mice with X-31 virus resulted in a significant reduction in viral titers, BALF macrophages, peri-bronchial inflammation, BALF inflammatory cell superoxide and lung tissue peroxynitrite production, MCP-1 levels and alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis when compared to WT control mice. Superoxides 167-177 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 13-17 21291402-5 2011 Data are offered that demonstrate the ability of MnSOD, in the presence of nitric oxide, to utilize hydrogen peroxide to produce superoxide and the more toxic oxidant, peroxynitrite. Superoxides 129-139 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 49-54 21355846-1 2011 Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) neutralizes the highly reactive superoxide radical (O(2)( -)), the first member in a plethora of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxides 75-93 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-34 21355846-1 2011 Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) neutralizes the highly reactive superoxide radical (O(2)( -)), the first member in a plethora of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxides 75-93 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 36-41 21355846-1 2011 Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) neutralizes the highly reactive superoxide radical (O(2)( -)), the first member in a plethora of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxides 95-99 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-34 21355846-1 2011 Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) neutralizes the highly reactive superoxide radical (O(2)( -)), the first member in a plethora of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxides 95-99 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 36-41 20876216-8 2011 These results directly implicate endosomal influx of superoxide in endothelial inflammatory response and suggest that site-specific interception of this signal attained by targeted delivery of anti-PECAM/SOD into endothelial endosomes may have anti-inflammatory effects. Superoxides 53-63 platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 Mus musculus 198-203 21850273-9 2011 Gene expression of NOX-4, but not NOX-2, two NADPH oxidase subunits crucial for superoxide generation, was induced by ~4-fold in both groups of mice by MCT. Superoxides 80-90 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 19-24 21902786-12 2012 CONCLUSIONS: Lipoic acid treatment suppressed expression of vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin 2 and erythropoietin via blockade of superoxide formation. Superoxides 146-156 angiopoietin 2 Rattus norvegicus 96-110 22164328-7 2012 These results demonstrate that renal inhibition of HO exacerbates Ang II dependent hypertension through a mechanism which is associated with increases in superoxide production and decreases in antioxidant enzymes. Superoxides 154-164 angiogenin, ribonuclease, RNase A family, 5 Mus musculus 66-69 22946340-2 2012 To determine if Nox4 superoxide generation contributes to drug resistance, we assayed in vitro drug cytotoxicity following Nox4 shRNA silencing in human renal cancer cells. Superoxides 21-31 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 16-20 23149576-0 2012 Class-IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110beta Triggers GPCR-induced superoxide production in p110gamma-deficient murine neutrophils. Superoxides 66-76 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta Mus musculus 35-43 23149576-0 2012 Class-IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110beta Triggers GPCR-induced superoxide production in p110gamma-deficient murine neutrophils. Superoxides 66-76 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma Mus musculus 91-100 23149576-4 2012 These results suggested that the class-IA isoforms (p110alpha, p110beta, and p110delta) of PI3K are sufficient to trigger and maintain superoxide production. Superoxides 135-145 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit beta Mus musculus 63-71 22302046-6 2012 MitoSox(TM) Red assays showed that both lines of SOD2-expressing cells showed suppression of the superoxide generation in mitochondria. Superoxides 97-107 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 49-53 22529530-2 2012 In inflamed tissues, superoxide is produced by the phagocytic NOX2 complex, which consists of the catalytic subunit NOX2 and several regulatory subunits (e.g., NCF1). Superoxides 21-31 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 62-66 22529530-2 2012 In inflamed tissues, superoxide is produced by the phagocytic NOX2 complex, which consists of the catalytic subunit NOX2 and several regulatory subunits (e.g., NCF1). Superoxides 21-31 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 116-120 22057568-6 2012 Superoxide dismutase (MnSOD, SOD2) from the mitochondrial matrix as well as superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD, SOD1) present in small amounts in the mitochondrial intramembrane space, convert superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide, which can be then converted by catalase to harmless H(2)O. Superoxides 189-205 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 22-27 22057568-6 2012 Superoxide dismutase (MnSOD, SOD2) from the mitochondrial matrix as well as superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD, SOD1) present in small amounts in the mitochondrial intramembrane space, convert superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide, which can be then converted by catalase to harmless H(2)O. Superoxides 189-205 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 29-33 22172488-5 2012 Treatment with Tempol (4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl), a SOD mimetic, not only lowered cellular superoxide levels but also concomitantly attenuated AR transcriptional activity and AR target gene expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner, in the presence and absence of dihydrotestosterone, the major endogenous AR agonist. Superoxides 113-123 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 74-77 21964033-0 2011 Impact of PGC-1alpha on the topology and rate of superoxide production by the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Superoxides 49-59 peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha Mus musculus 10-20 21964033-4 2011 However, the impact of PGC-1alpha on the topology and rate of superoxide production by the mitochondrial electron transport chain is not known. Superoxides 62-72 peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha Mus musculus 23-33 22174146-5 2011 All interventions except AT1 receptor blockade blunted the increase in superoxide anion promoted by an equipotent dose of endothelin-1 (1 nmol l(-1)) confirming that endothelin receptors activation is downstream of AT1. Superoxides 71-87 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Rattus norvegicus 25-28 10914487-6 2000 Thus, the crosslinking of CD148 was able to induce the degranulation and the induction of superoxide anion generation. Superoxides 90-106 protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type J Homo sapiens 26-31 22723845-4 2012 Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) is a mitochondrial enzyme that converts superoxide radicals to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, providing a first line of defense against ROS. Superoxides 70-80 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-22 22723845-4 2012 Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) is a mitochondrial enzyme that converts superoxide radicals to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, providing a first line of defense against ROS. Superoxides 70-80 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 24-28 20831906-1 2010 The production of cGMP by the soluble form of guanylate cyclase (sGC) in bovine pulmonary arteries (BPA) is controlled by cytosolic NADPH maintaining reduced thiol and heme sites on sGC needed for activation by NO, and the levels of Nox oxidase-derived superoxide and peroxide that influence pathways regulating sGC activity. Superoxides 253-263 guanylate cyclase Bos taurus 46-63 19230846-6 2009 G6PD-derived NADPH increased (p < 0.05) superoxide anion levels by 70-90% in fa/fa vs lean rat liver, which was inhibited by the NADPH oxidase inhibitor gp91(ds-tat) (50 microM) and G6PD inhibitors 6-aminonicotinamide (1 mM) and dehydroepiandrosterone (100 microM), therefore indicating that elevated G6PD activity may be responsible for mediating superoxide generation. Superoxides 43-59 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 0-4 19230846-6 2009 G6PD-derived NADPH increased (p < 0.05) superoxide anion levels by 70-90% in fa/fa vs lean rat liver, which was inhibited by the NADPH oxidase inhibitor gp91(ds-tat) (50 microM) and G6PD inhibitors 6-aminonicotinamide (1 mM) and dehydroepiandrosterone (100 microM), therefore indicating that elevated G6PD activity may be responsible for mediating superoxide generation. Superoxides 43-53 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 0-4 34923103-6 2022 Both CI-OH and CI-Bz-NO2 products were also formed in the presence of cogenerated fluxes of nitric oxide and superoxide radical anion produced during decomposition of a SIN-1 donor. Superoxides 109-133 mitogen-activated protein kinase associated protein 1 Mus musculus 169-174 34968705-2 2022 By regulating superoxide levels, manganese superoxide dismutase plays important roles in numerous biochemical and molecular events essential for the survival of aerobic life. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 33-63 34294886-7 2022 Moreover, we revealed that co-administration of CEP and epirubicin markedly increased the generation of mitochondrial superoxide, resulting in oxidation of the actin-remodeling protein cofilin, which promoted formation of an intramolecular disulfide bridge between Cys39 and Cys80 as well as Ser3 dephosphorylation, leading to mitochondria translocation of cofilin, thus causing mitochondrial fission and apoptosis. Superoxides 118-128 cofilin 1 Homo sapiens 185-192 34294886-7 2022 Moreover, we revealed that co-administration of CEP and epirubicin markedly increased the generation of mitochondrial superoxide, resulting in oxidation of the actin-remodeling protein cofilin, which promoted formation of an intramolecular disulfide bridge between Cys39 and Cys80 as well as Ser3 dephosphorylation, leading to mitochondria translocation of cofilin, thus causing mitochondrial fission and apoptosis. Superoxides 118-128 cofilin 1 Homo sapiens 357-364 21124855-12 2010 It is also demonstrated that a massive reduction in H(v)1 expression can limit the Nox2 mediated superoxide production of PLB-985 granulocytes. Superoxides 97-107 hydrogen voltage gated channel 1 Homo sapiens 52-57 20933223-0 2010 Maillard reaction of ribose 5-phosphate generates superoxide and glycation products for bovine heart cytochrome c reduction. Superoxides 50-60 LOC104968582 Bos taurus 101-113 20933223-2 2010 In a reaction with the lysines of bovine heart cytochrome c, R5P generates superoxide (O2-) that subsequently reduces ferri-cytochrome c to ferro-cytochrome c. Superoxides 75-85 LOC104968582 Bos taurus 47-59 20933223-2 2010 In a reaction with the lysines of bovine heart cytochrome c, R5P generates superoxide (O2-) that subsequently reduces ferri-cytochrome c to ferro-cytochrome c. Superoxides 75-85 LOC104968582 Bos taurus 124-136 20933223-2 2010 In a reaction with the lysines of bovine heart cytochrome c, R5P generates superoxide (O2-) that subsequently reduces ferri-cytochrome c to ferro-cytochrome c. Superoxides 75-85 LOC104968582 Bos taurus 124-136 20933223-2 2010 In a reaction with the lysines of bovine heart cytochrome c, R5P generates superoxide (O2-) that subsequently reduces ferri-cytochrome c to ferro-cytochrome c. Superoxides 87-89 LOC104968582 Bos taurus 47-59 20933223-2 2010 In a reaction with the lysines of bovine heart cytochrome c, R5P generates superoxide (O2-) that subsequently reduces ferri-cytochrome c to ferro-cytochrome c. Superoxides 87-89 LOC104968582 Bos taurus 124-136 20933223-2 2010 In a reaction with the lysines of bovine heart cytochrome c, R5P generates superoxide (O2-) that subsequently reduces ferri-cytochrome c to ferro-cytochrome c. Superoxides 87-89 LOC104968582 Bos taurus 124-136 20933223-4 2010 The addition of amines to the cytochrome c-R5P system greatly increases the O2- generation with rates of approximately 1.0 muMmin(-1) being observed with millimolar levels of R5P and amine at 37 C. Pre-incubation of R5P with the amine prior to cytochrome c addition further enhances the rate of cytochrome c reduction approximately twofold for every 30 min of incubation. Superoxides 76-78 LOC104968582 Bos taurus 30-42 20933223-4 2010 The addition of amines to the cytochrome c-R5P system greatly increases the O2- generation with rates of approximately 1.0 muMmin(-1) being observed with millimolar levels of R5P and amine at 37 C. Pre-incubation of R5P with the amine prior to cytochrome c addition further enhances the rate of cytochrome c reduction approximately twofold for every 30 min of incubation. Superoxides 76-78 LOC104968582 Bos taurus 244-256 20933223-4 2010 The addition of amines to the cytochrome c-R5P system greatly increases the O2- generation with rates of approximately 1.0 muMmin(-1) being observed with millimolar levels of R5P and amine at 37 C. Pre-incubation of R5P with the amine prior to cytochrome c addition further enhances the rate of cytochrome c reduction approximately twofold for every 30 min of incubation. Superoxides 76-78 LOC104968582 Bos taurus 244-256 20933223-5 2010 While clearly accounting for a portion of the reduction of cytochrome c, O2- is not the sole reductant of the system as the use of superoxide dismutase only partially limits cytochrome c reduction, and the contribution of O2- proportionally decreases with longer amine-R5P incubation times. Superoxides 73-75 LOC104968582 Bos taurus 59-71 20817944-1 2010 The assembly of cytosolic subunits p47(phox), p67(phox), and p40(phox) with flavocytochrome b(558) at the membrane is required for activating the neutrophil NADPH oxidase that generates superoxide for microbial killing. Superoxides 186-196 interleukin 9 Homo sapiens 61-64 20660016-6 2010 We show that reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as H(2)O(2) and superoxide anion (via the xanthine/xanthine oxidase reaction) as well as the FFA palmitate augment TRB3 expression in podocytes. Superoxides 64-80 taste receptor, type 2, member 140 Mus musculus 163-167 20634492-3 2010 We have demonstrated that the low toxicity combination of bezafibrate and medroxyprogesterone acetate induces mitochondrial superoxide-mediated apoptosis of non-CD40-liganded cells but not of cells exposed to CD40 ligand. Superoxides 124-134 CD40 molecule Homo sapiens 161-165 20685861-1 2010 CONTEXT: Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), an antioxidant enzyme in the mitochondria, protects cells by scavenging superoxide radicals in human endometrial stromal cells (ESCs). Superoxides 19-29 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 41-47 20679349-6 2010 Alanine substitution for Tyr-198, Leu-199, or Val-204 abrogates the ability of p67(phox) to support superoxide production by gp91(phox)-based oxidase as well as its related oxidases Nox1 and Nox3; the activation also involves other invariant residues such as Leu-193, Asp-197, and Gly-200. Superoxides 100-110 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 182-186 20668101-2 2010 However, the role of oxidative stress, especially superoxide radicals in renal sodium handling in response to AT1 and AT2 receptors, is not known. Superoxides 50-69 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Rattus norvegicus 110-113 20668101-2 2010 However, the role of oxidative stress, especially superoxide radicals in renal sodium handling in response to AT1 and AT2 receptors, is not known. Superoxides 50-69 angiotensin II receptor, type 2 Rattus norvegicus 118-121 20600827-6 2010 The expression and activity of DDAH were suppressed in vitro by superoxide and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) in a time-dependent manner, whereas melatonin could block H(2)O(2)-induced downregulation of DDAH-2 as well as decreased DDAH activity, thereby preventing increases in hepatic ADMA. Superoxides 64-74 dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 Rattus norvegicus 201-207 34807408-4 2022 The brain cortex of HtrA2Hetero mice had increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity; lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA); higher expressions of mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR)-related proteins, NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) iron-sulfur protein 7 (Ndufs7), and uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) proteins; more mitochondrial fission; higher levels of ATP and mtDNA copies; elevated sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) activity; and increased NAD+/NADH ratio. Superoxides 51-61 HtrA serine peptidase 2 Mus musculus 20-25 34859534-10 2022 G-Rg1 attenuated LPS-induced superoxide production in the mitochondria of cardiomyocytes and the excessive release of cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytoplasm. Superoxides 29-39 protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3A Mus musculus 2-5 34930834-0 2021 Cytoglobin has potent superoxide dismutase function. Superoxides 22-32 cytoglobin Mus musculus 0-10 34930834-3 2021 From dose-dependent studies of the effect of Cygb on superoxide catabolism, we identify that Cygb has potent superoxide dismutase (SOD) function. Superoxides 53-63 cytoglobin Mus musculus 45-49 34930834-3 2021 From dose-dependent studies of the effect of Cygb on superoxide catabolism, we identify that Cygb has potent superoxide dismutase (SOD) function. Superoxides 53-63 cytoglobin Mus musculus 93-97 34930834-4 2021 Initial assays using cytochrome c showed that Cygb exhibits a high rate of superoxide dismutation on the order of 108 M-1 s-1 Spin-trapping studies also demonstrated that the rate of Cygb-mediated superoxide dismutation (1.6 x 108 M-1 s-1) was only ~10-fold less than Cu,Zn-SOD. Superoxides 75-85 cytoglobin Mus musculus 46-50 34930834-4 2021 Initial assays using cytochrome c showed that Cygb exhibits a high rate of superoxide dismutation on the order of 108 M-1 s-1 Spin-trapping studies also demonstrated that the rate of Cygb-mediated superoxide dismutation (1.6 x 108 M-1 s-1) was only ~10-fold less than Cu,Zn-SOD. Superoxides 199-209 cytoglobin Mus musculus 46-50 34930834-4 2021 Initial assays using cytochrome c showed that Cygb exhibits a high rate of superoxide dismutation on the order of 108 M-1 s-1 Spin-trapping studies also demonstrated that the rate of Cygb-mediated superoxide dismutation (1.6 x 108 M-1 s-1) was only ~10-fold less than Cu,Zn-SOD. Superoxides 199-209 cytoglobin Mus musculus 185-189 34930834-5 2021 Stopped-flow experiments confirmed that Cygb rapidly dismutates superoxide with rates within an order of magnitude of Cu,Zn-SOD or Mn-SOD. Superoxides 64-74 cytoglobin Mus musculus 40-44 34871043-4 2022 Corresponding with increased ion flux through the MCU, mitochondrial superoxide production is elevated, thereby increasing the propensity for MICU1-/- neutrophils to undergo suicidal NETosis rather than primary degranulation in response to S. aureus. Superoxides 69-79 mitochondrial calcium uptake 1 Mus musculus 142-147 34871043-8 2022 Coinciding with the decrease in S. aureus burdens, MICU1-/- neutrophils in the heart produced higher levels of mitochondrial superoxide and undergo enhanced suicidal NETosis. Superoxides 125-135 mitochondrial calcium uptake 1 Mus musculus 51-56 34944579-0 2021 A Combined Spectroscopic and In Silico Approach to Evaluate the Interaction of Human Frataxin with Mitochondrial Superoxide Dismutase. Superoxides 113-123 frataxin Homo sapiens 85-93 34481042-0 2021 Protein S-glutathionylation decreases superoxide/hydrogen peroxide production xanthine oxidoreductase. Superoxides 38-48 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 78-101 34419618-5 2021 Activating TRPA1 with cinnamaldehyde prevented downregulation of eNOS, Nrf2, and UCP2, inhibited superoxide production and apoptosis, and preserved nitric oxide bioavailability in senescent HUVECs. Superoxides 97-107 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 11-16 34646422-10 2021 Meanwhile, beta3-AR stimulation inhibited superoxide anion production and decreased NADPH oxidase activity. Superoxides 42-58 ferredoxin reductase Mus musculus 17-19 34214506-11 2021 Knockdown of Wwox using specific siRNA in vitro inhibited increase in superoxide caused by the high glucose. Superoxides 70-80 WW domain-containing oxidoreductase Mus musculus 13-17 34171392-1 2021 In addition to its pivotal role in purine metabolism, xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is one of the key enzymes involved in superoxide radical generation. Superoxides 122-132 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 54-77 34171392-1 2021 In addition to its pivotal role in purine metabolism, xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is one of the key enzymes involved in superoxide radical generation. Superoxides 122-132 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 79-82 34391839-9 2021 Similarly to the 9,10-PQ treatment, treatment with a donor of peroxynitrite, a highly reactive oxidant formed by the reaction of NO and superoxide anion, resulted in the marked reduction of CLDN5 expression and elevation of 26S proteasome-based proteolytic activities. Superoxides 136-152 claudin 5 Homo sapiens 190-195 20726524-1 2010 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) from different species differs in its efficiency in removing high concentrations of superoxide (O(2)(-)), due to different levels of product inhibition. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 20726524-1 2010 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) from different species differs in its efficiency in removing high concentrations of superoxide (O(2)(-)), due to different levels of product inhibition. Superoxides 135-139 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-30 20726524-1 2010 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) from different species differs in its efficiency in removing high concentrations of superoxide (O(2)(-)), due to different levels of product inhibition. Superoxides 135-139 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 20639222-3 2010 As expected, NADPH-dependent superoxide generation was increased in aortas from Nox1-overexpressing mice. Superoxides 29-39 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 80-84 20170662-7 2010 In experiment 1, G-CSF treatment aggravated cardiac pathology associated with increased macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and enhanced superoxide production. Superoxides 175-185 colony stimulating factor 3 Rattus norvegicus 17-22 20170662-12 2010 The overwhelming superoxide production by G-CSF administration in the acute stage may worsen the disease. Superoxides 17-27 colony stimulating factor 3 Rattus norvegicus 42-47 20598019-0 2010 mGluR1 antagonist decreased NADPH oxidase activity and superoxide production after transient focal cerebral ischemia. Superoxides 55-65 glutamate metabotropic receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 34220419-12 2021 The expression of MC2R in the adrenal glands increases at the peak of EAE, where strong induction of superoxide anion and malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced total glutathione (GSH) content, and catalase activity occurred at the peak and end of EAE compared with controls. Superoxides 101-117 melanocortin 2 receptor Homo sapiens 18-22 20598019-1 2010 NADPH oxidase, which is activated by PKC and signaling via the NMDA receptor, is one of the crucial enzymes for superoxide production in the CNS. Superoxides 112-122 protein kinase C delta Homo sapiens 37-40 34135757-8 2021 IL-8, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha levels were markedly increased and oxidative stress levels were also significantly higher with increased levels of the pro-oxidative biomarker, MDA, decreased levels of the anti-oxidative biomarkers, T-AOC and GSH/GSSG, and reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in lung tissues of Cse -/- mice compared with those of wild type mice. Superoxides 262-272 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 317-320 20598019-3 2010 In this study, we sought to determine the role of mGluR1 in the activation of NADPH oxidase and subsequent superoxide production after transient focal cerebral ischemia. Superoxides 107-117 glutamate metabotropic receptor 1 Homo sapiens 50-56 20598019-6 2010 The administration of an mGluR1 antagonist attenuated NADPH oxidase activity, which was coincident with inhibition of superoxide production. Superoxides 118-128 glutamate metabotropic receptor 1 Homo sapiens 25-31 20598019-8 2010 These results suggest that mGluR1 may be linked to the increase in NADPH oxidase activity that is mediated by PKCdelta and subsequent superoxide production after cerebral ischemia. Superoxides 134-144 glutamate metabotropic receptor 1 Homo sapiens 27-33 21253464-7 2010 Other phenotypes identified suggest that AIM45, YGR207c/CIR1 and YOR356w/CIR2 can protect cells from oxidative and heat stress, which encompass increased heat stress sensitivity, superoxide sensitivity, both only on non-fermentable carbon sources. Superoxides 179-189 Aim45p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 41-46 35398286-4 2022 Here, we demonstrate that RIP2 exerts immune regulatory functions by regulating mitochondrial damage and mitochondrial superoxide production in response to SV40 LT-induced genotoxic stress by the induction of ULK1-phosphorylation, therefore regulating the expression of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) and NLRP3-inflammasome dependent IL-1beta release. Superoxides 119-129 unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 Homo sapiens 209-213 35384894-5 2022 RGS5 deficiency increased baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP), and cerebral vascular superoxide levels in the presence of chronically elevated Ang II levels, suggesting that RGS5 deficiency leads to elevated blood pressure and deleterious cerebral vascular outcomes in aged mice. Superoxides 88-98 regulator of G-protein signaling 5 Mus musculus 0-4 35384894-5 2022 RGS5 deficiency increased baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP), and cerebral vascular superoxide levels in the presence of chronically elevated Ang II levels, suggesting that RGS5 deficiency leads to elevated blood pressure and deleterious cerebral vascular outcomes in aged mice. Superoxides 88-98 regulator of G-protein signaling 5 Mus musculus 177-181 20493945-2 2010 The uncoupling proteins (UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3) and adenine nucleotide translocase induce proton leak in response to exogenously added fatty acids, superoxide, or lipid peroxidation products. Superoxides 147-157 uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 25-29 20493945-2 2010 The uncoupling proteins (UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3) and adenine nucleotide translocase induce proton leak in response to exogenously added fatty acids, superoxide, or lipid peroxidation products. Superoxides 147-157 uncoupling protein 3 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 41-45 35176694-7 2022 Furthermore, the increased activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes were accompanied by increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which suggests a redox imbalance induced by SARS-CoV-2 spike protein peptides. Superoxides 39-49 surface glycoprotein Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 271-276 20529851-1 2010 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex of resting phagocytes includes cytochrome b(559), a membrane-associated heterodimer composed of two subunits (Nox2 and p22(phox)), and four cytosolic proteins (p47(phox), p67(phox), Rac, and p40(phox)). Superoxides 4-14 interleukin 9 Homo sapiens 239-242 35113004-9 2022 MCM3AP-AS1 silencing or miR-24-3p elevation improved cardiac function and myocardial pathological injury, suppressed malondialdehyde content, and also enhanced VEGF expression and superoxide dismutase activity in MI rats. Superoxides 180-190 prostaglandin D2 receptor Homo sapiens 7-10 20511416-0 2010 Elevated systemic TGF-beta impairs aortic vasomotor function through activation of NADPH oxidase-driven superoxide production and leads to hypertension, myocardial remodeling, and increased plaque formation in apoE(-/-) mice. Superoxides 104-114 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 18-26 35393052-11 2022 On the other hand, in the apoptosis phase, apoptotic BBC is caused by the influence of NO, superoxide and MDA through the EAP. Superoxides 91-101 glutamyl aminopeptidase Homo sapiens 122-125 20511416-8 2010 In the aortic wall, superoxide production was enhanced and NO-dependent relaxation diminished in apoE(-/-) x TGFbeta(1) mice but improved significantly after apocynin or SOD. Superoxides 20-30 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 109-119 20434216-1 2010 We have shown that platinum nanoparticle species (nano-Pt) is a superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetic that scavenges superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 64-74 Catalase Caenorhabditis elegans 85-93 35453320-5 2022 One example of such an antioxidant enzyme is manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD, also referred to as SOD2), which detoxifies superoxide, a ROS that has been shown, when its normal physiological levels are disrupted, to lead to oncogenicity and therapy resistance. Superoxides 128-138 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 45-75 35453320-5 2022 One example of such an antioxidant enzyme is manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD, also referred to as SOD2), which detoxifies superoxide, a ROS that has been shown, when its normal physiological levels are disrupted, to lead to oncogenicity and therapy resistance. Superoxides 128-138 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 77-82 35453320-5 2022 One example of such an antioxidant enzyme is manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD, also referred to as SOD2), which detoxifies superoxide, a ROS that has been shown, when its normal physiological levels are disrupted, to lead to oncogenicity and therapy resistance. Superoxides 128-138 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 104-108 20083360-3 2010 Nox2- and Nox4-dependent NADPH oxidase activity appears to be a major source of this oxidative stress, and oxidants can induce conformational changes in xanthine dehydrogenase, nitric oxide synthase, and the mitochondrial respiratory chain which increase their capacity to generate superoxide as well. Superoxides 282-292 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 10-14 35254605-3 2022 In cosmetic field, mud can improve the activity of glutathione enzyme and superoxide dismutase in skin, which helps the skin anti-aging. Superoxides 74-84 adaptor related protein complex 5 subunit mu 1 Homo sapiens 19-22 20083360-3 2010 Nox2- and Nox4-dependent NADPH oxidase activity appears to be a major source of this oxidative stress, and oxidants can induce conformational changes in xanthine dehydrogenase, nitric oxide synthase, and the mitochondrial respiratory chain which increase their capacity to generate superoxide as well. Superoxides 282-292 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 153-175 20420821-0 2010 Plumbagin activates ERK1/2 and Akt via superoxide, Src and PI3-kinase in 3T3-L1 cells. Superoxides 39-49 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Mus musculus 20-26 20420821-5 2010 The plumbagin-stimulated ERK1/2 and Akt activities were sensitive to an antioxidant NAC, superoxide dismutase mimetic MnTBAP, superoxide scavenger Tiron and NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor DPI. Superoxides 89-99 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Mus musculus 25-31 20659322-1 2010 BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that gp91phox (NOX2), a subunit of NADPH oxidase, generates superoxide anion (O2-) and has a major causative role in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Superoxides 88-104 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 33-41 2540969-8 1989 Purine and pyrimidine nucleotides did not induce degranulation in neutrophils but potentiated fMet-Leu-Phe-induced release of beta-glucuronidase with similar nucleotide specificities as for O2- formation. Superoxides 190-192 glucuronidase beta Homo sapiens 126-144 2647629-7 1989 The use of scavengers of reactive oxygen reduction intermediates indicated that hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion and singlet oxygen, but apparently not hydroxyl radicals, were involved in parasite killing modulated by rIL-4. Superoxides 99-115 interleukin 4 Rattus norvegicus 221-226 20659322-1 2010 BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that gp91phox (NOX2), a subunit of NADPH oxidase, generates superoxide anion (O2-) and has a major causative role in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Superoxides 88-104 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 43-47 20659322-1 2010 BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that gp91phox (NOX2), a subunit of NADPH oxidase, generates superoxide anion (O2-) and has a major causative role in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Superoxides 106-108 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 33-41 20659322-1 2010 BACKGROUND: We hypothesized that gp91phox (NOX2), a subunit of NADPH oxidase, generates superoxide anion (O2-) and has a major causative role in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Superoxides 106-108 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 43-47 20659322-9 2010 The contusion area, number of TUNEL-positive cells, and amount of O2- and peroxynitrite metabolites produced were less in gp91phox-/- mice than in Wt. Superoxides 66-68 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 122-130 20466728-3 2010 By comparing brown adipose tissue mitochondria of wild type mice and UCP1-ablated litter mates, we show that UCP1 potently reduces mitochondrial superoxide production after cold acclimation and during fatty acid oxidation. Superoxides 145-155 uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 69-73 20466728-3 2010 By comparing brown adipose tissue mitochondria of wild type mice and UCP1-ablated litter mates, we show that UCP1 potently reduces mitochondrial superoxide production after cold acclimation and during fatty acid oxidation. Superoxides 145-155 uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 109-113 20466728-5 2010 Furthermore, ablation of UCP1 represses the cold-stimulated increase of substrate oxidation normally seen in active BAT, resulting in lower superoxide production, presumably avoiding deleterious oxidative damage. Superoxides 140-150 uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 25-29 20106845-5 2010 We have now studied the subcellular origin of superoxide formation in endothelial cells treated with CsA and the biochemical consequences for the function of mitochondrial enzymes. Superoxides 46-56 excision repaiross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 8 Mus musculus 101-104 20106845-12 2010 CONCLUSION: We propose that CsA induced endothelial damage may be related to increased mitochondrial superoxide formation and subsequent peroxynitrite-dependent nitroxidative damage, specifically targeting MnSOD. Superoxides 101-111 excision repaiross-complementing rodent repair deficiency, complementation group 8 Mus musculus 28-31 20353766-9 2010 These results suggest that AT1 receptor blockers are able to ameliorate TNF-alpha-dependent eNOS reduction or cell injury by inhibiting superoxide production or nuclear factor-kappaB activation. Superoxides 136-146 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 27-30 20399741-8 2010 Moreover, siRNA-mediated knockdown of p47phox inhibited glycated albumin-induced NADPH oxidase activity and superoxide formation. Superoxides 108-118 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Rattus norvegicus 38-45 20413786-7 2010 Adenoviral gene transfer of Nox4 (AdsiNox4) to PVN (bilateral) attenuated MI-induced superoxide formation in this brain region (day 14) to the same level as that produced by PVN-targeted gene transfer of cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase (AdCu/ZnSOD). Superoxides 85-95 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 28-32 20171157-2 2010 The Cytb(558) is the catalytic core of the NADPH-oxidase that generates a superoxide anion from oxygen by using a reducing equivalent provided by NADPH via FAD and two hemes. Superoxides 74-90 cytochrome b Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 4-8 20454568-5 2010 Unlike NOX2, the phagocytic NADPH oxidase whose activity is tightly repressed in the resting state, NOX1 produces superoxide constitutively at low levels. Superoxides 114-124 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 100-104 19962451-8 2010 Further, we found that the increase in ADMA levels cause an early decrease in nitric oxide (NO(x)) and a significant increase in both NO synthase (NOS)-derived superoxide and total nitrated lung proteins. Superoxides 160-170 nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal Mus musculus 134-145 20185797-6 2010 Tg-Nox4 gradually displayed decreased left ventricular (LV) function with enhanced O(2)(-) production in the heart, which was accompanied by increased apoptosis and fibrosis at 13 to 14 months of age. Superoxides 83-90 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 3-7 20185797-10 2010 Nox4 is primarily localized in mitochondria and upregulation of Nox4 enhanced both rotenone- and diphenyleneiodonium-sensitive O(2)(-) production in mitochondria. Superoxides 127-131 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 0-4 20185797-10 2010 Nox4 is primarily localized in mitochondria and upregulation of Nox4 enhanced both rotenone- and diphenyleneiodonium-sensitive O(2)(-) production in mitochondria. Superoxides 127-131 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 64-68 20185797-12 2010 CONCLUSIONS: Upregulation of Nox4 by hypertrophic stimuli and aging induces oxidative stress, apoptosis and LV dysfunction, in part because of mitochondrial insufficiency caused by increased O(2)(-) production and consequent cysteine oxidation in mitochondrial proteins. Superoxides 191-195 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 29-33 2853694-8 1988 Furthermore, Lyt2+ splenic T cells also enhanced O2- production by +/+ PEM. Superoxides 49-51 CD8 antigen, alpha chain Mus musculus 13-17 2842350-1 1988 We examined the role of superoxide in the increase in intracellular pH (pHi) of human histiocytic leukemia U937 cells treated with 4 beta-phorbol-12,13-didecanoate (4 beta-PDD) or serum. Superoxides 24-34 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Homo sapiens 72-75 2842350-4 1988 Also, a superoxide-generating system, xanthine-xanthine oxidase (X-XOD), increased pHi of U937 cells as much as 4 beta-PDD or serum. Superoxides 8-18 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Homo sapiens 83-86 2842350-5 1988 From these findings, it appears that superoxide is the basis for the modulation of pHi. Superoxides 37-47 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Homo sapiens 83-86 20230789-6 2010 Expression of S282A mutant of NoxA1 in these cells led to increased superoxide anion production in response to EGF compared to expression of the wild type, whereas the expression of S282E, a phosphomimetic mutant, resulted in significantly decreased superoxide anion generation. Superoxides 250-266 NADPH oxidase activator 1 Mus musculus 30-35 20089930-1 2010 Reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly superoxide (O(2)(.-)), have been identified as key signaling intermediates in ANG II-induced neuronal activation and sympathoexcitation associated with cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension and heart failure. Superoxides 44-54 angiogenin Homo sapiens 122-125 20089930-1 2010 Reactive oxygen species (ROS), particularly superoxide (O(2)(.-)), have been identified as key signaling intermediates in ANG II-induced neuronal activation and sympathoexcitation associated with cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension and heart failure. Superoxides 56-60 angiogenin Homo sapiens 122-125 20089930-2 2010 Studies of the central nervous system have identified NADPH oxidase as a primary source of O(2)(.-) in ANG II-stimulated neurons; however, additional sources of O(2)(.-), including mitochondria, have been mostly overlooked. Superoxides 91-95 angiogenin Homo sapiens 103-106 20089930-3 2010 Here, we tested the hypothesis that ANG II increases mitochondria-produced O(2)(.-) in neurons and that increased scavenging of mitochondria-produced O(2)(.-) attenuates ANG II-dependent intraneuronal signaling. Superoxides 75-79 angiogenin Homo sapiens 36-39 20079425-9 2010 We propose that hypoxia induces superoxide accumulation in pulmonary artery myocytes through inhibition of mitochondrial SOD2 activity, promoting peroxynitrite-induced generation of 8-isoprostane. Superoxides 32-42 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 121-125 20150548-11 2010 CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that superoxide contributes to the pathogenesis of spontaneous ICH, possibly through activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9, and that SOD1 protects against spontaneous ICH during hypertension. Superoxides 40-50 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Mus musculus 134-160 20167907-0 2010 Augmented superoxide production by Nox2-containing NADPH oxidase causes cerebral artery dysfunction during hypercholesterolemia. Superoxides 10-20 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 35-39 20167907-1 2010 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We tested the hypothesis that elevated superoxide production by Nox2-NADPH oxidase occurs in cerebral arteries during hypercholesterolemia and causes decreased nitric oxide function. Superoxides 63-73 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 88-92 20007453-13 2010 Our study demonstrates that TNF triggers expression and activation of MMPs faster and stronger in cardiomyocytes than in cardiofibroblasts in a superoxide-dependent manner and via activation of PI3Kgamma, thereby contributing to adverse myocardial remodeling in disease. Superoxides 144-154 matrix metallopeptidase 13 Mus musculus 70-74 20053956-0 2010 NOX2 is the primary source of angiotensin II-induced superoxide in the macula densa. Superoxides 53-63 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 0-4 20053956-2 2010 We have reported that NaCl-induced O(2)(-) in the MD is produced by the NOX2 isoform of NADPH oxidase (NOX); however, the source of ANG II-induced O(2)(-) in MD is unknown. Superoxides 35-39 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 72-76 20053956-2 2010 We have reported that NaCl-induced O(2)(-) in the MD is produced by the NOX2 isoform of NADPH oxidase (NOX); however, the source of ANG II-induced O(2)(-) in MD is unknown. Superoxides 35-39 angiogenin, ribonuclease, RNase A family, 5 Mus musculus 132-135 2456757-2 1988 The internal pH (pHi) of cytoplasts, derived from human neutrophils, falls 0.05 pH units upon activation of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 112-122 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Homo sapiens 17-20 20053956-2 2010 We have reported that NaCl-induced O(2)(-) in the MD is produced by the NOX2 isoform of NADPH oxidase (NOX); however, the source of ANG II-induced O(2)(-) in MD is unknown. Superoxides 147-151 angiogenin, ribonuclease, RNase A family, 5 Mus musculus 132-135 20532186-4 2010 The purpose of this study was to determine if anticancer modalities known to produce superoxide radicals can increase the antitumor effect of MnSOD overexpression when combined with BCNU. Superoxides 85-95 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 142-147 2827396-4 1987 Relative to PMN from saline-injected controls, PMN from LPS-treated rabbits released markedly greater amounts of O2- in response to 10 ng/ml phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) as measured by nmol cytochrome C reduced in 20 minutes (40.8 +/- 7.8 for LPS-treated PMN versus 10.1 +/- 1.6 for control, p less than 0.01). Superoxides 113-115 cytochrome c Oryctolagus cuniculus 193-205 19685356-1 2010 CONCLUSIONS: The results reported here provide the first evidence of the production of superoxide, a biologically relevant reactive oxygen species (ROS), in human inner ear perilymph (hIP) in pathological conditions, by the activity of the xanthine dehydrogenase/xanthine oxidase (XA/XO) enzyme system. Superoxides 87-97 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 240-262 3040332-9 1987 Second, the neutrophil superoxide burst response to either zymosan or beta-glucan particles was blocked by anti-CR3 or fluid-phase iC3b, and was completely absent with neutrophils from 3 patients with an inherited deficiency of CR3. Superoxides 23-33 teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1 pseudogene 3 Homo sapiens 112-115 3040332-9 1987 Second, the neutrophil superoxide burst response to either zymosan or beta-glucan particles was blocked by anti-CR3 or fluid-phase iC3b, and was completely absent with neutrophils from 3 patients with an inherited deficiency of CR3. Superoxides 23-33 teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1 pseudogene 3 Homo sapiens 228-231 19656913-3 2010 In macrophages, STC1 decreases intracellular calcium and cell mobility; attenuates the response to chemoattractants; and diminishes superoxide generation through induction of uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2). Superoxides 132-142 stanniocalcin 1 Homo sapiens 16-20 19656913-4 2010 In cytokine-treated endothelial cells, STC1 attenuates superoxide generation and the activation of inflammatory pathways [c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) and NF-kappaB]; maintains the expression of tight junction proteins, preserving the endothelial monolayer seal; and decreases transendothelial migration of leukocytes. Superoxides 55-65 stanniocalcin 1 Homo sapiens 39-43 20026767-13 2010 Thus, in type 2 diabetic rats, superoxide and thromboxane A(2) reduced AT2R-induced dilation. Superoxides 31-41 angiotensin II receptor, type 2 Rattus norvegicus 71-75 19837950-0 2010 Direct evidence of a role for Nox2 in superoxide production, reduced nitric oxide bioavailability, and early atherosclerotic plaque formation in ApoE-/- mice. Superoxides 38-48 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 30-34 3823631-3 1987 The levels of two enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase, involved in the removal of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, were compared in Hereford cattle predisposed to ocular carcinoma and a resistant breed, Droughtmaster cattle. Superoxides 89-105 catalase Bos taurus 52-60 3017990-2 1986 We have utilized monoclonal antibodies against the two IgG Fc receptors (p40 and p72) of U937 cells to stimulate the release of superoxide. Superoxides 128-138 interleukin 9 Homo sapiens 73-76 19837953-2 2010 NO can combine with superoxide to produce peroxynitrite, which activates matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Superoxides 20-30 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Rattus norvegicus 100-104 19875720-6 2010 This effect was mediated by the inhibition of Nox1 as determined by a range of approaches, including detection of intracellular superoxide, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity measurements, and siRNA experiments. Superoxides 128-138 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 46-50 3761960-1 1986 Catalase may provide protection against photochemical action of superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 64-83 catalase Bos taurus 0-8 3006670-0 1986 Inactivation of 3 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase by superoxide radicals. Superoxides 56-66 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 Homo sapiens 16-52 3006670-2 1986 3 alpha-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.50) from Pseudomonas testosterone was inactivated by superoxide radicals generated by the aerobic xanthine oxidase reaction. Superoxides 100-110 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 Homo sapiens 0-36 2995444-1 1985 The relationship of intracellular pH (pHi) to superoxide radical (O2-) generation was investigated in chemotactic factor-stimulated human neutrophils. Superoxides 46-64 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Homo sapiens 38-41 2995444-1 1985 The relationship of intracellular pH (pHi) to superoxide radical (O2-) generation was investigated in chemotactic factor-stimulated human neutrophils. Superoxides 66-68 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Homo sapiens 38-41 2995444-5 1985 In the presence of 1 mM amiloride, which nearly blocked the pHi transient elicited by FMLP, or in the absence of external Na, where intracellular acidification was observed in FMLP-stimulated cells, O2- release was still roughly 25-45% of normal. Superoxides 199-201 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Homo sapiens 60-63 2995444-8 1985 In each instance, the amount of O2- release correlated directly with pHi and was enhanced by intracellular alkalinization. Superoxides 32-34 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Homo sapiens 69-72 2995444-9 1985 In the absence of FMLP, a rise in pHi to 7.7-7.8 by exposure of cells to 30 mM NH4Cl, 10 microM monensin (a Na/H exchanging ionophore), or after a prepulse with 18% CO2 did not result in O2- generation. Superoxides 166-168 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Homo sapiens 34-37 2995444-13 1985 Together, these results indicate a modulating effect of pHi on O2- production and suggest that other functional responses of neutrophils may be regulated by their pHi. Superoxides 63-65 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Homo sapiens 56-59 2997080-0 1985 Inhibitory effect of superoxide radicals on cardiac myofibrillar ATPase activity. Superoxides 21-40 dynein axonemal heavy chain 8 Homo sapiens 65-71 2997080-1 1985 The superoxide radicals generated by the xanthine oxidase reaction reduced the myofibrillar Ca2+-ATPase activity. Superoxides 4-14 dynein axonemal heavy chain 8 Homo sapiens 97-103 2997080-4 1985 The myofibrillar Ca2+-ATPase exposed to O2-. Superoxides 40-43 dynein axonemal heavy chain 8 Homo sapiens 22-28 3838941-6 1985 Human manganese superoxide dismutase was also found to dismute the superoxide radical to hydrogen peroxide and water. Superoxides 67-85 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 6-36 4039529-5 1985 Increased MnSOD may reflect substrate induction, since superoxide anions are generated by ethanol metabolism. Superoxides 55-72 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 10-15 2981404-3 1985 The primary source of superoxide in reperfused reoxygenated tissues appears to be the enzyme xanthine oxidase, released during ischemia by a calcium-triggered proteolytic attack on xanthine dehydrogenase. Superoxides 22-32 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 181-203 2982206-3 1985 During ischemia, there appears to be a calcium-triggered, protease-dependent conversion of the native xanthine dehydrogenase to a superoxide-producing xanthine oxidase. Superoxides 130-140 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 102-124 6092465-7 1984 In contrast, CHS-BCL generated superoxide more rapidly than did normals, and contained the characteristic giant granules of CHS. Superoxides 31-41 lysosomal trafficking regulator Homo sapiens 13-16 20930427-8 2010 A defect of mitochondrial NDUFV1 may reduce complex I, which produces most of the superoxide, which is then scavenged by the mitochondrial enzyme Mn-superoxide dismutase to produce H(2)O(2). Superoxides 82-92 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 146-169 21387761-6 2010 The experiments also show that cystatin C could influence non-specific immune response through the inhibition of the superoxide anion generation (respiratory burst), phagocytosis, chemotaxis and apoptosis of neutrophils. Superoxides 117-133 cystatin C Homo sapiens 31-41 6300272-0 1980 Positive correlation between adenosine deaminase activity and superoxide formation during phagocytosis. Superoxides 62-72 adenosine deaminase Mus musculus 29-48 6300272-1 1980 Phagocytosis and membrane perturbation in mouse macrophages results in an increased superoxide ion production which is in direct proportion to the concomitant increase in adenosine deaminase activity. Superoxides 84-94 adenosine deaminase Mus musculus 171-190 6300272-2 1980 Since adenosine deaminase activity controls the amount of substrate available to xanthine oxidase, and the latter produces superoxide during turnover of its substrates, it is proposed that the purine salvage pathway is an important source of the superoxide requirement of macrophages. Superoxides 246-256 adenosine deaminase Mus musculus 6-25 237890-1 1975 The lactate dehydrogenase-catalyzed chain oxidation of NADH (LDH-NADH) by the superoxide radicals, HO2 and O2, has been studied with pulse radiolysis in the pH range between 4.5 and 9.0. Superoxides 78-88 heme oxygenase 2 Homo sapiens 99-102 20035290-6 2009 These results indicated that the effects of sulfur amino acids on tyrosyl or serine/threonine phosphorylation and the translocation of p47phox, p67phox, and rac to the cell membrane in the stimulus-treated human neutrophils were in parallel with those of the stimulus-induced superoxide generation reported in previous paper. Superoxides 276-286 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 144-160 34001560-6 2021 Deleting all four msr genes in USA300 LAC (Deltamsr) sensitizes S. aureus to hypochlorous acid (HOCl) killing, however, Deltamsr does not exhibit increased sensitivity to H2O2 stress or superoxide anion stress generated by paraquat or pyocyanin. Superoxides 186-202 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase reductase Mus musculus 18-21 33388549-4 2021 Here, we identified that Wnt3A promoted superoxide generation, leading to Tyr42 phosphorylation of RhoA through activations of c-Src and Rho-dependent coiled coil kinase 2 (ROCK2) and phosphorylation of p47phox, a component of NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 40-50 Wnt family member 3A Homo sapiens 25-30 33388549-4 2021 Here, we identified that Wnt3A promoted superoxide generation, leading to Tyr42 phosphorylation of RhoA through activations of c-Src and Rho-dependent coiled coil kinase 2 (ROCK2) and phosphorylation of p47phox, a component of NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 40-50 Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 Homo sapiens 137-171 33388549-4 2021 Here, we identified that Wnt3A promoted superoxide generation, leading to Tyr42 phosphorylation of RhoA through activations of c-Src and Rho-dependent coiled coil kinase 2 (ROCK2) and phosphorylation of p47phox, a component of NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 40-50 Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 2 Homo sapiens 173-178 19660467-7 2009 Furthermore, FA improved redox status of Ang II treated cells by increasing H(4)B and NO() bioavailability while decreasing superoxide (O(2)(-)) production. Superoxides 124-134 angiogenin, ribonuclease, RNase A family, 5 Mus musculus 41-44 19660467-7 2009 Furthermore, FA improved redox status of Ang II treated cells by increasing H(4)B and NO() bioavailability while decreasing superoxide (O(2)(-)) production. Superoxides 136-140 angiogenin, ribonuclease, RNase A family, 5 Mus musculus 41-44 19802465-0 2009 Purine nucleotides reduce superoxide production by nitric oxide synthase in a murine sepsis model. Superoxides 26-36 nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal Mus musculus 51-72 19802465-8 2009 Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibition by L-NAME blocked vascular relaxation and reduced superoxide production in LPS-treated animals. Superoxides 89-99 nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal Mus musculus 0-21 19731237-2 2009 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) converts superoxide anion into hydrogen peroxide, which, unless detoxified by glutathione peroxidase or catalase (CAT), can form the hydroxyl radical with iron. Superoxides 48-64 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-30 19731237-2 2009 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) converts superoxide anion into hydrogen peroxide, which, unless detoxified by glutathione peroxidase or catalase (CAT), can form the hydroxyl radical with iron. Superoxides 48-64 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 19717555-9 2009 VDAC1-overexpressing cells showed increased O(2)(*) production and cytotoxicity, both of which were suppressed in VDAC1 knockdown cells. Superoxides 44-51 voltage dependent anion channel 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 19717555-9 2009 VDAC1-overexpressing cells showed increased O(2)(*) production and cytotoxicity, both of which were suppressed in VDAC1 knockdown cells. Superoxides 44-51 voltage dependent anion channel 1 Homo sapiens 114-119 19481066-0 2009 Bz-423 superoxide signals B cell apoptosis via Mcl-1, Bak, and Bax. Superoxides 7-17 myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 Mus musculus 47-52 19481066-6 2009 Treatment with Bz-423 results in superoxide-dependent Mcl-1 degradation, implicating this protein as the link between Bz-423-induced superoxide and Bax and Bak activation. Superoxides 33-43 myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 Mus musculus 54-59 19481066-6 2009 Treatment with Bz-423 results in superoxide-dependent Mcl-1 degradation, implicating this protein as the link between Bz-423-induced superoxide and Bax and Bak activation. Superoxides 133-143 myeloid cell leukemia sequence 1 Mus musculus 54-59 19692703-3 2009 A fifth subunit, p40(phox), plays an important role in phagocytosis-induced superoxide production via a phox homology (PX) domain that binds to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P). Superoxides 76-86 interleukin 9 Homo sapiens 17-20 19666846-8 2009 HO-1-induced BPA rings treated with the copper chelator 10 mM diethyldithiocarbamate to inactivate ecSOD and Cu,Zn-SOD showed increased superoxide and decreased peroxide to levels equal to non-HO-1-induced rings, whereas the addition of SOD to freshly isolated BPA rings attenuated HPV similar to HO-1 induction with CoCl(2). Superoxides 136-146 heme oxygenase 1 Bos taurus 0-4 19309265-2 2009 In endothelial cells, Nox4-containing NAD(P)H oxidase complexes have been identified as major sources of superoxide anion (.O(2)(-)) formation. Superoxides 105-121 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 22-26 19438290-3 2009 Nox1 and Nox3 are similar to the phagocytic (Nox2-based) oxidase, functioning as multicomponent superoxide-generating enzymes. Superoxides 96-106 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 19574557-6 2009 In vitro, Nox2(-/-) endothelial cells exhibit resistance against superoxide induction and improved VEGF-dependent angiogenic activities compared to Nox2(+/+) endothelial cells. Superoxides 65-75 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 10-14 19740380-11 2009 The IgG4 anti-proteinase 3 was able to induce a dose-dependent release of superoxide, degranulation and adhesion. Superoxides 74-84 proteinase 3 Homo sapiens 14-26 19602668-0 2009 Stanniocalcin-1 suppresses superoxide generation in macrophages through induction of mitochondrial UCP2. Superoxides 27-37 stanniocalcin 1 Homo sapiens 0-15 33548451-10 2021 PDEVs were shown to be able to generate superoxide in a process at least partially mediated by Nox-1, while Nox-1 inhibition with ML171 (also known as 2-APT) did not influence PDEV production. Superoxides 40-50 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 95-100 33548451-12 2021 CONCLUSIONS: PDEVs are able to generate superoxide, bind to and activate platelets in a process mediated by Nox-1. Superoxides 40-50 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 108-113 19602668-2 2009 In the current experiments, we sought to determine the impact of STC1 on energy metabolism and superoxide generation in mouse macrophages. Superoxides 95-105 stanniocalcin 1 Mus musculus 65-69 31050314-10 2021 Finally, we showed that iron and 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+) co-treatment significantly increased superoxide production in microglial cultures by inducing p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation. Superoxides 105-115 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 162-165 19602668-4 2009 STC1 induces the expression of mitochondrial UCP2, diminishing mitochondrial membrane potential and superoxide generation; studies in UCP2 null and gp91phox null macrophages suggest that suppression of superoxide by STC1 is UCP2-dependent yet is gp91phox-independent. Superoxides 100-110 stanniocalcin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 19602668-4 2009 STC1 induces the expression of mitochondrial UCP2, diminishing mitochondrial membrane potential and superoxide generation; studies in UCP2 null and gp91phox null macrophages suggest that suppression of superoxide by STC1 is UCP2-dependent yet is gp91phox-independent. Superoxides 202-212 stanniocalcin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 19602668-4 2009 STC1 induces the expression of mitochondrial UCP2, diminishing mitochondrial membrane potential and superoxide generation; studies in UCP2 null and gp91phox null macrophages suggest that suppression of superoxide by STC1 is UCP2-dependent yet is gp91phox-independent. Superoxides 202-212 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 45-49 19602668-4 2009 STC1 induces the expression of mitochondrial UCP2, diminishing mitochondrial membrane potential and superoxide generation; studies in UCP2 null and gp91phox null macrophages suggest that suppression of superoxide by STC1 is UCP2-dependent yet is gp91phox-independent. Superoxides 202-212 stanniocalcin 1 Homo sapiens 216-220 19602668-5 2009 Furthermore, STC1 blunts the effects of LPS on superoxide generation in macrophages. Superoxides 47-57 stanniocalcin 1 Homo sapiens 13-17 19602668-8 2009 Our data identify STC1 as a key regulator of superoxide generation in macrophages and suggest that STC1 may profoundly affect the immune/inflammatory response. Superoxides 45-55 stanniocalcin 1 Homo sapiens 18-22 20137536-4 2009 Myocardial NADPH oxidase activity was evaluated by NADPH dependent superoxide production examined using superoxide dismutase-inhibitable cytochrome c reduction. Superoxides 67-77 cytochrome c Oryctolagus cuniculus 137-149 32618996-9 2021 Inhibition of APE1/Ref-1 redox signaling leading to reduced mitochondrial superoxide production, oxidative DNA damage, and translocation of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) was involved in neuroprotective effects of APX3330 in enteric neurons. Superoxides 74-84 apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 Mus musculus 19-24 33530947-10 2021 Physiological analyses showed that the superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase activities were lower in ERF2-silenced plants than in control plants, and the SA and JA contents were lower in ERF2-silenced plants than in control plants after inoculation with S. lycopersici. Superoxides 39-49 ethylene response factor 2 Solanum lycopersicum 110-114 19442656-5 2009 In in vitro 9,10-PQ reduction by AKR1C3, the reduced product 9,10-dihydroxyphenanthrene and superoxide anions were formed, suggesting the enzymatic two-electron reduction of 9,10-PQ that thereby causes oxidative stress through its redox cycling. Superoxides 92-109 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member C3 Homo sapiens 33-39 33535682-10 2021 Ala-SOD2 SNP cells exhibited increased levels of total ROS and superoxide and were more sensitive to co-treatment with H2O2 and MSKE, which led to reduced cell growth and increased apoptosis. Superoxides 63-73 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 4-8 33054395-1 2021 OBJECTIVE: The superoxide-generating Nox2 (NADPH oxidase-2) is expressed in multiple cell types. Superoxides 15-25 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 37-41 33054395-1 2021 OBJECTIVE: The superoxide-generating Nox2 (NADPH oxidase-2) is expressed in multiple cell types. Superoxides 15-25 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 43-58 19450058-4 2009 Rac1, a key component necessary for Nox1-mediated superoxide generation, also was activated by paraquat. Superoxides 50-60 Rac family small GTPase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 19576290-8 2009 These results show that the accumulation of nitric oxide derived from nitrite reduction and the superoxide-dependent mechanism of NO degradation in isolated A. thaliana mitochondria are influenced by the external NAD(P)H dehydrogenases and AOX, revealing a role for these alternative proteins of the mitochondrial respiratory chain in the control of NO levels in plant cells. Superoxides 96-106 alternative oxidase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 240-243 33495519-11 2021 Experiments using siRNA-mediated knockdown or adenoviral overexpression revealed that ERO1alpha mediated the inhibitory effects of exendin-4 on ER stress and superoxide anion production, thus ameliorating HHcy-induced endothelial dysfunction. Superoxides 158-174 endoplasmic reticulum oxidoreductase 1 alpha Mus musculus 86-95 19534724-1 2009 Rac1 and Rac2, which belong to the Rho subfamily of Ras-related GTPases, play an essential role in activation of gp91phox/Nox2 (cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide; also known as Cybb), the catalytic core of the superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase in phagocytes. Superoxides 211-221 Rac family small GTPase 1 Mus musculus 0-4 33483749-1 2021 AIMS: Gp91-containing NADPH oxidases (NOX2) are a significant source of myocardial superoxide production. Superoxides 83-93 2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 1, mitochondrial Mus musculus 22-27 19534724-1 2009 Rac1 and Rac2, which belong to the Rho subfamily of Ras-related GTPases, play an essential role in activation of gp91phox/Nox2 (cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide; also known as Cybb), the catalytic core of the superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase in phagocytes. Superoxides 211-221 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 113-121 33483749-1 2021 AIMS: Gp91-containing NADPH oxidases (NOX2) are a significant source of myocardial superoxide production. Superoxides 83-93 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 38-42 19534724-1 2009 Rac1 and Rac2, which belong to the Rho subfamily of Ras-related GTPases, play an essential role in activation of gp91phox/Nox2 (cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide; also known as Cybb), the catalytic core of the superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase in phagocytes. Superoxides 211-221 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 122-126 19534724-1 2009 Rac1 and Rac2, which belong to the Rho subfamily of Ras-related GTPases, play an essential role in activation of gp91phox/Nox2 (cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide; also known as Cybb), the catalytic core of the superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase in phagocytes. Superoxides 211-221 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 128-162 19534724-1 2009 Rac1 and Rac2, which belong to the Rho subfamily of Ras-related GTPases, play an essential role in activation of gp91phox/Nox2 (cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide; also known as Cybb), the catalytic core of the superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase in phagocytes. Superoxides 211-221 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 178-182 19534724-6 2009 Although Rac2, as well as Rac1, is capable of enhancing superoxide production by Nox1 and Nox3, the enhancements by the two GTPases are both independent of the insert region. Superoxides 56-66 Rac family small GTPase 1 Mus musculus 26-30 19534724-6 2009 Although Rac2, as well as Rac1, is capable of enhancing superoxide production by Nox1 and Nox3, the enhancements by the two GTPases are both independent of the insert region. Superoxides 56-66 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 81-85 19666610-5 2009 We found that overexpression of SOD-2 decreased hippocampal superoxide, prevented AD-related learning and memory deficits, and reduced Abeta plaques. Superoxides 60-70 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 19506075-0 2009 Role of the general base Glu-268 in nitroglycerin bioactivation and superoxide formation by aldehyde dehydrogenase-2. Superoxides 68-78 aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member Homo sapiens 92-116 19506075-6 2009 GTN bioactivation measured as activation of purified soluble guanylate cyclase or release of NO in the presence of WT- or E268Q-ALDH2 was markedly potentiated by superoxide dismutase, suggesting that bioavailability of GTN-derived NO is limited by co-generation of superoxide. Superoxides 162-172 aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member Homo sapiens 128-133 19506075-7 2009 Formation of superoxide was confirmed by determination of hydroethidine oxidation that was inhibited by superoxide dismutase and the ALDH2 inhibitor chloral hydrate. Superoxides 13-23 aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member Homo sapiens 133-138 19506075-8 2009 E268Q-ALDH2 exhibited approximately 50% lower rates of superoxide formation than the WT enzyme. Superoxides 55-65 aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member Homo sapiens 6-11 19506075-10 2009 ALDH2-catalyzed superoxide formation may essentially contribute to oxidative stress in GTN-exposed blood vessels. Superoxides 16-26 aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member Homo sapiens 0-5 19478336-5 2009 The rate of superoxide generation by the reconstituted bc(1) complex increased exponentially with increased magnitude of the membrane potential, a finding that is compatible with the suggestion that membrane potential inhibits electron transfer from the cytochrome b(L) to b(H) hemes, thereby promoting the formation of a ubisemiquinone radical that interacts with oxygen to generate superoxide. Superoxides 12-22 cytochrome b Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 254-266 19478336-5 2009 The rate of superoxide generation by the reconstituted bc(1) complex increased exponentially with increased magnitude of the membrane potential, a finding that is compatible with the suggestion that membrane potential inhibits electron transfer from the cytochrome b(L) to b(H) hemes, thereby promoting the formation of a ubisemiquinone radical that interacts with oxygen to generate superoxide. Superoxides 384-394 cytochrome b Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 254-266 19450565-5 2009 Protection by superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD or Mn-SOD) or catalase indicates mediation of the toxicity by superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 49-55 19429815-3 2009 Our aim was to determine whether NADPH oxidase (Nox) is a source of O(2)(-) and whether glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-derived NADPH plays a role in augmenting O(2)(-) generation in diabetes. Superoxides 170-174 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 88-121 19429815-3 2009 Our aim was to determine whether NADPH oxidase (Nox) is a source of O(2)(-) and whether glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD)-derived NADPH plays a role in augmenting O(2)(-) generation in diabetes. Superoxides 170-174 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 123-127 19429815-10 2009 Our findings suggest that in a model of severe hyperlipidema and hyperglycemia Nox-derived O(2)(-) generation in the myocardium is fueled by elevated levels of G6PD-derived NADPH. Superoxides 91-95 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 160-164 19671250-0 2009 Overexpression of the superoxide anion and NADPH oxidase isoforms 1 and 4 (NOX1 and NOX4) in allergic nasal mucosa. Superoxides 22-38 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 75-79 19671250-0 2009 Overexpression of the superoxide anion and NADPH oxidase isoforms 1 and 4 (NOX1 and NOX4) in allergic nasal mucosa. Superoxides 22-38 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 84-88 19671250-4 2009 The cellular source that generated superoxide anion is also localized in the epithelial cells, submucosal glands, vascular endothelium, and inflammatory cells, demonstrating the similar sites of expression of NOX1 and NOX4 in healthy and allergic nasal mucosa and nasal polyps. Superoxides 35-51 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 209-213 19671250-4 2009 The cellular source that generated superoxide anion is also localized in the epithelial cells, submucosal glands, vascular endothelium, and inflammatory cells, demonstrating the similar sites of expression of NOX1 and NOX4 in healthy and allergic nasal mucosa and nasal polyps. Superoxides 35-51 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 218-222 19542461-5 2009 Regulation was TLR2 specific, and affected NF-kappaB activation, phagocytosis, and superoxide production. Superoxides 83-93 toll-like receptor 2 Mus musculus 15-19 33467683-9 2021 GRIM19-transgenic mice exhibited reduced mitochondrial superoxide levels and a reciprocal balance between Th17 and Treg cells. Superoxides 55-65 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A13 Mus musculus 0-6 19451223-1 2009 NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) is expressed mainly in colon epithelial cells and produces superoxide ions as a primary function. Superoxides 82-92 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 0-15 19451223-1 2009 NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) is expressed mainly in colon epithelial cells and produces superoxide ions as a primary function. Superoxides 82-92 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 17-21 19453511-5 2009 Unlike the wild-type, Col-0, Arabidopsis mutants deficient in ethylene signaling (ein2) or salicylic acid biosynthesis (sid2) generated high levels of superoxide and exhibited visible leaf injury, indicating that ethylene and salicylic acid can reduce ozone damage. Superoxides 151-161 NRAMP metal ion transporter family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 82-86 19558795-4 2009 The alteration of subcellular distribution of MnSOD is dependent on the production of superoxide induced by sodium selenite. Superoxides 86-96 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 46-51 19061439-2 2009 Nox1 releases superoxide anions (O(2)(-)) and depends on cytosolic activator proteins, whereas Nox4 extracellularly releases hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), and its activity does not require cotransfection of additional proteins. Superoxides 14-31 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 19229193-1 2009 BACKGROUND: Based on previous data, we hypothesized that an increase of angiotensin II (Ang II)-via the Ang II type 1 (AT-1) receptor-in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus could activate NAD(P)H oxidase that will produce superoxides resulting in increased sympathetic activity and hypertension. Superoxides 285-296 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Rattus norvegicus 104-117 32979421-7 2021 Depletion of SLC25A3 results in decreased accumulation of copper in the matrix, a cytochrome c oxidase defect and a modulation of cytosolic superoxide dismutase abundance. Superoxides 140-150 solute carrier family 25 member 3 Homo sapiens 13-20 19229193-1 2009 BACKGROUND: Based on previous data, we hypothesized that an increase of angiotensin II (Ang II)-via the Ang II type 1 (AT-1) receptor-in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) and the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) of the hypothalamus could activate NAD(P)H oxidase that will produce superoxides resulting in increased sympathetic activity and hypertension. Superoxides 285-296 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Rattus norvegicus 119-123 19201999-9 2009 The inhibition of p38 MAPK restored endothelium-dependent relaxation, increased bioavailable NO, and reduced superoxide production. Superoxides 109-119 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 18-21 32789757-6 2021 Both, XO and XDH, catalyse the conversion of hypoxanthine via xanthine to uric acid, the former by using oxygen forming superoxide and hydrogen peroxide and the latter NAD+. Superoxides 120-130 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 13-16 19201999-10 2009 In conclusion, the pharmacological inhibition of p38 MAPK was effective in increasing NO generation, reducing superoxide burden, and restoring hypoxia-induced endothelial dysfunction in rats with hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension. Superoxides 110-120 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 49-52 19211683-10 2009 We conclude that AT(1)R is involved in mediating the effect of K restriction on superoxide generation, c-Src, and MAPK and that inhibiting AT(1)R impairs renal ability of K conservation in response to K depletion. Superoxides 80-90 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Rattus norvegicus 17-23 33009206-2 2021 Superoxide anion radicals, the main product of ROS, can be reduced by manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) to hydrogen peroxide, which is further reduced by catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) to water. Superoxides 0-16 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 70-100 33009206-2 2021 Superoxide anion radicals, the main product of ROS, can be reduced by manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) to hydrogen peroxide, which is further reduced by catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) to water. Superoxides 0-16 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 102-106 19584965-1 2009 Allopurinol is an inhibitor of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) and inhibits the generation of uric acid (UA) as the final product of purine catabolism, as well as the resulting generation of superoxide (O2(-)), in humans. Superoxides 189-199 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 31-54 33332718-6 2021 In human podocytes, NOX4 was predominantly localized to mitochondria and Sal B treatment blocked HG-induced mitochondrial NOX4 derived superoxide generation and thereby ameliorating podocyte apoptosis, which can be abrogated by AMPK knockdown. Superoxides 135-145 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 122-126 32043277-1 2021 VERNALIZATION2 (VRN2), an angiosperm-specific subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), is an oxygen (O2 ) regulated target of the PCO branch of the PRT6 N-degron pathway of ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. Superoxides 113-115 proteolysis 6 Arabidopsis thaliana 160-164 33221620-0 2021 Increased superoxide in GCH1 mutant fibroblasts points to a dopamine-independent toxicity mechanism. Superoxides 10-20 GTP cyclohydrolase 1 Homo sapiens 24-28 19584965-1 2009 Allopurinol is an inhibitor of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) and inhibits the generation of uric acid (UA) as the final product of purine catabolism, as well as the resulting generation of superoxide (O2(-)), in humans. Superoxides 189-199 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 56-59 19584965-1 2009 Allopurinol is an inhibitor of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) and inhibits the generation of uric acid (UA) as the final product of purine catabolism, as well as the resulting generation of superoxide (O2(-)), in humans. Superoxides 201-203 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 56-59 33296856-8 2021 Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation proteins and the levels of superoxide dismutase 2 and glutathione peroxidase 1 were increased in MsrB3 KO mice upon HFD consumption. Superoxides 67-77 methionine sulfoxide reductase B3 Mus musculus 137-142 19232731-6 2009 Both Vav1 and PI3K are activated upon stimulation of microglia with beta-glucans, and the two proteins are required for phagocytosis of the glucan particles and for subsequent superoxide production. Superoxides 176-186 vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 Homo sapiens 5-9 33310503-6 2021 Consistent with an important role for H2S in AF, CSE-KO mice had decreased atrial sulfide levels, increased atrial superoxide levels, and enhanced propensity for induced persistent AF compared to wild type (WT) mice. Superoxides 115-125 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 49-52 32915316-3 2020 The aim of this study is to determine whether interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) in the PVN mediates the ERR, and whether the IL-1beta production in the PVN is dependent on the AT1R-superoxide anion signaling. Superoxides 176-192 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Rattus norvegicus 171-175 19189968-5 2009 ERbeta knockdown cells maintained ATP concentrations despite insults that compromise ATP production and produce less mitochondrial superoxide under oxidative stress. Superoxides 131-141 estrogen receptor 2 (beta) Mus musculus 0-6 19168729-4 2009 PDBu appeared to increase superoxide generation by Nox2 through both p47(phox) and peroxide-dependent Src activation mechanisms based on the actions of inhibitors, properties of Src phosphorylation, and the loss of responses in aorta from mice deficient in Nox2 and p47(phox). Superoxides 26-36 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 51-55 32544584-8 2020 In addition, the ability of CPS-1 to scavenge superoxide radical, ABTS and DPPH radicals was also enhanced with the increased of concentration. Superoxides 46-64 carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1 Homo sapiens 28-33 33082778-9 2020 Collectively, these results suggested that the contribution of Bmi1 toward decreased sensitivity to noise-induced trauma following SC was triggered by Hsp70 induction and associated with enhancement of the antioxidant system and decreased mitochondrial superoxide accumulation. Superoxides 253-263 BMI1 proto-oncogene, polycomb ring finger Rattus norvegicus 63-67 19246645-1 2009 We have previously shown that stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) inhibits the transendothelial migration of macrophages and T cells, suppresses superoxide generation in macrophages, and attenuates macrophage responses to chemoattractants. Superoxides 132-142 stanniocalcin 1 Mus musculus 30-45 32724135-6 2020 Similarly, the in vitro data demonstrated that silencing Tom70 enhanced high-glucose and high-fat (HGHF) medium treatment-induced mitochondrial superoxide production, decreased ATP production and the mitochondrial membrane potential, and enhanced cell apoptosis in neonatal cardiomyocytes. Superoxides 144-154 translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 70A Mus musculus 57-62 19246645-1 2009 We have previously shown that stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) inhibits the transendothelial migration of macrophages and T cells, suppresses superoxide generation in macrophages, and attenuates macrophage responses to chemoattractants. Superoxides 132-142 stanniocalcin 1 Mus musculus 47-51 19306099-2 2009 We have studied fibroblasts stably overexpressing manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) with a defined capacity for the removal of superoxide anions and concomitant accumulation of hydrogen peroxide to evaluate the role of enhanced MnSOD activity on the dynamics of cell-matrix interactions in the three-dimensional collagen lattice contraction assay. Superoxides 132-149 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 50-80 18952697-5 2009 RESULTS: Anti-PR3 (15 mug/mL) directly stimulated superoxide production and enhanced FMLP-stimulated superoxide production. Superoxides 50-60 proteinase 3 Homo sapiens 14-17 18952697-5 2009 RESULTS: Anti-PR3 (15 mug/mL) directly stimulated superoxide production and enhanced FMLP-stimulated superoxide production. Superoxides 101-111 proteinase 3 Homo sapiens 14-17 18952697-6 2009 Anti-PR3 (0.5 mug/mL) did not stimulate superoxide production but did enhance FMLP-stimulated superoxide production. Superoxides 94-104 proteinase 3 Homo sapiens 5-8 19276355-2 2009 We studied the expression and function of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase (Nox)4 in human melanoma cells. Superoxides 46-56 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 83-88 19118162-10 2009 The products of HO activity, bilirubin and carbon monoxide (CO, as a CO-releasing molecule, CORM-A1), inhibited Nox4-generated O(2)(*-) and apoptosis caused by TNF-alpha stimulation. Superoxides 127-131 NADPH oxidase 4 Sus scrofa 112-116 19118162-12 2009 The ability of CO and bilirubin to combat TNF-alpha-induced oxidative stress by inhibiting Nox4 activity and/or by O(2)(*-) scavenging, taken together with close intracellular compartmentalization of HO-2 and Nox4 in cerebral vascular endothelium, may contribute to HO-2 cytoprotection against inflammatory cerebrovascular disease. Superoxides 115-123 tumor necrosis factor Sus scrofa 42-51 18987049-2 2009 METHODS AND RESULTS: Incubation with a potent nNOS inhibitor (L-VNIO) significantly increased superoxide (O2(-)) levels, with increased MAPK phosphorylation, in isolated aorta and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from wild-type mice. Superoxides 94-104 nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal Mus musculus 46-50 32805556-9 2020 The APE1"s downregulation correlated to an increase of DNA fragmentation (17% and 66% in A549 and HeLa cells, respectively) and cell death rate (total: 24% and 74% in A549 and HeLa cells, respectively) characterized by annexin V and 7-AAD markers as well as a considerable difference in superoxide detected in mitochondria (29% and 78% in A549 and HeLa cells, respectively). Superoxides 287-297 apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 Homo sapiens 4-8 18987049-2 2009 METHODS AND RESULTS: Incubation with a potent nNOS inhibitor (L-VNIO) significantly increased superoxide (O2(-)) levels, with increased MAPK phosphorylation, in isolated aorta and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from wild-type mice. Superoxides 106-111 nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal Mus musculus 46-50 19047200-9 2009 ESR spectrometry demonstrated the levels of superoxide to be 2.5-times higher (P < or = 0.05) in EDL of nNOS-knockout mice than in C57 control mice while an in vitro assay based on the emission of 2,7-dichlorofluorescein fluorescence disclosed the concentration of ROS to be similar in both strains of mice. Superoxides 44-54 nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal Mus musculus 107-111 19047200-10 2009 We suggest that the up-regulation of proteins that are implicated in the metabolism of ROS, particularly of peroxiredoxin-6, within skeletal muscles of nNOS-knockout mice functionally compensates for the absence of nNOS in scavenging of superoxide. Superoxides 237-247 peroxiredoxin 6 Mus musculus 108-123 19047200-10 2009 We suggest that the up-regulation of proteins that are implicated in the metabolism of ROS, particularly of peroxiredoxin-6, within skeletal muscles of nNOS-knockout mice functionally compensates for the absence of nNOS in scavenging of superoxide. Superoxides 237-247 nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal Mus musculus 152-156 19047200-10 2009 We suggest that the up-regulation of proteins that are implicated in the metabolism of ROS, particularly of peroxiredoxin-6, within skeletal muscles of nNOS-knockout mice functionally compensates for the absence of nNOS in scavenging of superoxide. Superoxides 237-247 nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal Mus musculus 215-219 18930813-3 2009 A search of publicly available microarray data reveals that expression of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (Sod2), responsible for the conversion of superoxide (O(2)(-)) to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), is consistently increased in high-grade and advanced-stage bladder tumors. Superoxides 98-108 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 120-124 18930813-3 2009 A search of publicly available microarray data reveals that expression of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (Sod2), responsible for the conversion of superoxide (O(2)(-)) to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), is consistently increased in high-grade and advanced-stage bladder tumors. Superoxides 173-177 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 120-124 18792915-0 2009 p38-MAPK- and caspase-3-mediated superoxide-induced apoptosis of rat hepatic stellate cells: reversal by retinoic acid. Superoxides 33-43 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 0-3 18792915-0 2009 p38-MAPK- and caspase-3-mediated superoxide-induced apoptosis of rat hepatic stellate cells: reversal by retinoic acid. Superoxides 33-43 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 14-23 18792915-7 2009 In contrast, superoxide caused caspase-3 and p38-MAPK activation, reduction in Bcl-xL expression, and apoptosis in aHSCs. Superoxides 13-23 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 31-40 18792915-7 2009 In contrast, superoxide caused caspase-3 and p38-MAPK activation, reduction in Bcl-xL expression, and apoptosis in aHSCs. Superoxides 13-23 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 45-48 18792915-7 2009 In contrast, superoxide caused caspase-3 and p38-MAPK activation, reduction in Bcl-xL expression, and apoptosis in aHSCs. Superoxides 13-23 Bcl2-like 1 Rattus norvegicus 79-85 18792915-8 2009 Inhibition of caspase-3 and p38-MAPK did not affect the viability of qHSCs in the absence or presence of superoxide, but inhibited superoxide-induced death of aHSCs. Superoxides 131-141 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 14-23 18792915-8 2009 Inhibition of caspase-3 and p38-MAPK did not affect the viability of qHSCs in the absence or presence of superoxide, but inhibited superoxide-induced death of aHSCs. Superoxides 131-141 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 28-31 18792915-11 2009 Incubation of 13-cis-retinoic acid (RA)-treated aHSCs with superoxide increased their GSH content significantly, and prevented superoxide-induced p38-MAPK and caspase-3 activation while dramatically reducing the extent of apoptosis. Superoxides 59-69 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 146-149 18792915-11 2009 Incubation of 13-cis-retinoic acid (RA)-treated aHSCs with superoxide increased their GSH content significantly, and prevented superoxide-induced p38-MAPK and caspase-3 activation while dramatically reducing the extent of apoptosis. Superoxides 59-69 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 159-168 19714290-7 2009 RESULTS: IL-10 significantly inhibited IFN-gamma- or TNF-alpha-induced up-regulation of superoxide-producing activity in T84 cells by suppressing expression of Nox1 mRNA and protein. Superoxides 88-98 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 160-164 20375610-0 2009 The domain organization of p67 phox, a protein required for activation of the superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase in phagocytes. Superoxides 78-88 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 27-35 19348906-1 2009 Cytochrome b is a pivotal protein subunit of the cytochrome bc(1) complex and forms the ubiquinol oxidation site in the enzyme that is generally thought to be the primary site where electrons are aberrantly diverted from the enzyme, reacting with oxygen to form superoxide anion. Superoxides 262-278 cytochrome b Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-12 18848523-0 2008 Vitamin C depletion increases superoxide generation in brains of SMP30/GNL knockout mice. Superoxides 30-40 regucalcin Mus musculus 65-70 18848523-0 2008 Vitamin C depletion increases superoxide generation in brains of SMP30/GNL knockout mice. Superoxides 30-40 regucalcin Mus musculus 71-74 18848523-2 2008 We verified that this property actually exists in vivo by using a real-time imaging system in which Lucigenin is the chemiluminescent probe for detecting superoxide in senescence marker protein-30 (SMP30)/gluconolactonase (GNL) knockout (KO) mice, which cannot synthesize VC in vivo. Superoxides 154-164 regucalcin Mus musculus 168-196 18848523-2 2008 We verified that this property actually exists in vivo by using a real-time imaging system in which Lucigenin is the chemiluminescent probe for detecting superoxide in senescence marker protein-30 (SMP30)/gluconolactonase (GNL) knockout (KO) mice, which cannot synthesize VC in vivo. Superoxides 154-164 regucalcin Mus musculus 198-203 18848523-2 2008 We verified that this property actually exists in vivo by using a real-time imaging system in which Lucigenin is the chemiluminescent probe for detecting superoxide in senescence marker protein-30 (SMP30)/gluconolactonase (GNL) knockout (KO) mice, which cannot synthesize VC in vivo. Superoxides 154-164 regucalcin Mus musculus 205-246 19064542-2 2008 Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase [SOD; manganese SOD (MnSOD) or SOD2] neutralizes highly reactive superoxide radical (O(*-)(2)), the first member in the plethora of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Superoxides 100-118 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 41-54 19064542-2 2008 Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase [SOD; manganese SOD (MnSOD) or SOD2] neutralizes highly reactive superoxide radical (O(*-)(2)), the first member in the plethora of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Superoxides 100-118 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 56-61 19064542-2 2008 Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase [SOD; manganese SOD (MnSOD) or SOD2] neutralizes highly reactive superoxide radical (O(*-)(2)), the first member in the plethora of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. Superoxides 100-118 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 66-70 19033667-5 2008 Furthermore, ex vivo arsenic exposure increased SEC superoxide generation, and this effect was inhibited by addition of a Nox2 inhibitor and quenched by the cell-permeant superoxide scavenger. Superoxides 52-62 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 122-126 32923620-6 2020 Unexpectedly, complex I RET, a process dependent on high mitochondrial membrane potential, induces superoxide-dependent mitochondrial uncoupling and downstream activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Superoxides 99-109 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 174-222 32923620-6 2020 Unexpectedly, complex I RET, a process dependent on high mitochondrial membrane potential, induces superoxide-dependent mitochondrial uncoupling and downstream activation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Superoxides 99-109 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 224-228 32302669-3 2020 In this study, by using live cell imaging and biochemical approaches, we demonstrate that IFN-gamma plus high glucose augment endothelial connexin43 hemichannel activity, resulting in the increase of ATP release, ATP-mediated Ca2+ dynamics and production of nitric oxide and superoxide anion, as well as impaired insulin-mediated uptake and intercellular diffusion of glucose and cell survival. Superoxides 275-291 gap junction protein alpha 1 Homo sapiens 138-148 33045951-9 2020 This zinc-activated switch has the potential to alter the ratio of superoxide and H2O2 generated by the LADH oxidase activity. Superoxides 67-77 dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase Sus scrofa 104-108 32475319-1 2020 The present study tested the hypotheses that overexpression of an intracellular Ang II (angiotensin II) fusion protein, mito-ECFP/Ang II, selectively in the mitochondria of mouse proximal tubule cells induces mitochondrial oxidative and glycolytic responses and elevates blood pressure via the Ang II/AT1a receptor/superoxide/NHE3 (the Na+/H+ exchanger 3)-dependent mechanisms. Superoxides 315-325 angiogenin, ribonuclease, RNase A family, 5 Mus musculus 80-83 32475319-5 2020 The mito-ECFP/Ang II-induced oxygen consumption rate and extracellular acidification rate responses were blocked by AT1 blocker losartan (P<0.01) and a mitochondria-targeting superoxide scavenger mito-TEMPO (P<0.01). Superoxides 175-185 angiogenin, ribonuclease, RNase A family, 5 Mus musculus 14-17 32475319-9 2020 Taken together, these results provide new evidence for a physiological role of PT mitochondrial Ang II/AT1a/superoxide/NHE3 and Ang II/AT2/NO/NHE3 signaling pathways in maintaining blood pressure homeostasis. Superoxides 108-118 angiogenin, ribonuclease, RNase A family, 5 Mus musculus 96-99 32240120-6 2020 Mechanistically, exophilin-5 regulates extracellular superoxide release, intracellular ROS production, and phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity by controlling intracellular trafficking of Nox2-containing vesicles, which seems to prevent the overactivation of pathogenic Th2 cells mediated by IL-33. Superoxides 53-63 exophilin 5 Mus musculus 17-28 32544191-11 2020 We also show that elevated cytoplasmic superoxide promotes vulva formation independently of C118 of LET-60ras and downstream of LIN-1. Superoxides 39-49 CD2 cytoplasmic tail binding protein 2 Homo sapiens 128-133 32527005-5 2020 Antioxidant Mn-activated superoxide dismutase (SOD2) and (m)-aconitase activities were increased in HCM vs. CTRL. Superoxides 25-35 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 47-51 32044631-3 2020 The obtained ZnO/In2O3 heterostructures were carefully characterized by XRD, SEM, HRTEM, BET and XPS. Superoxides 17-22 delta/notch like EGF repeat containing Homo sapiens 89-92 32471175-8 2020 We found that overexpression of Nanog is responsible for attenuating Abeta-triggered neuronal insulin resistance, which restores cell survival through reducing intracellular mitochondrial superoxide accumulation and cellular senescence. Superoxides 188-198 Nanog homeobox Rattus norvegicus 32-37 32222469-10 2020 This decrease in SOD2 K122 acetylation correlates with an increase in SOD2 activity and mitochondrial superoxide scavenging capacity. Superoxides 102-112 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 17-21 19005069-2 2008 Microglia, the resident CNS macrophages, are prominent sources of ROS through expression of the phagocyte oxidase which catalytic subunit Nox2 generates superoxide ion (O2(.-)). Superoxides 153-163 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 138-142 19005069-2 2008 Microglia, the resident CNS macrophages, are prominent sources of ROS through expression of the phagocyte oxidase which catalytic subunit Nox2 generates superoxide ion (O2(.-)). Superoxides 169-171 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 138-142 19005069-5 2008 [Nox1-p22(phox)] dimers localized in intracellular compartments are recruited to phagosome membranes during microglial phagocytosis of zymosan, and Nox1 produces O2(.-) in zymosan-loaded phagosomes. Superoxides 162-164 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 1-5 19005069-5 2008 [Nox1-p22(phox)] dimers localized in intracellular compartments are recruited to phagosome membranes during microglial phagocytosis of zymosan, and Nox1 produces O2(.-) in zymosan-loaded phagosomes. Superoxides 162-164 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 148-152 18706888-0 2008 Hydrogen-rich pure water prevents superoxide formation in brain slices of vitamin C-depleted SMP30/GNL knockout mice. Superoxides 34-44 regucalcin Mus musculus 93-98 32301972-9 2020 TCF4 regulated mitochondrial functions including mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial superoxide levels, and energy production. Superoxides 97-107 transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 0-4 32035180-8 2020 Furthermore, we found that Cd inactivation of XIAP pathway was attributed to Cd induction of mitochondrial ROS, as evidenced by using a mitochondrial superoxide indicator MitoSOX and a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant Mito-TEMPO. Superoxides 150-160 X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis Rattus norvegicus 46-50 32150794-7 2020 ROS such as hydrogen peroxide and superoxides induce both EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation and eIF2alpha phosphorylation. Superoxides 34-45 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A Mus musculus 92-101 31713255-7 2020 The reaction of NADPH in the chemical system with singlet oxygen was found to proceed in two ways, each consisting of two steps, that is, NADPH firstly reacts with 1 O2 barrierlessly to form NADP+ and HO2 - , from which H2 O2 is formed in a spontaneous reaction with H+ , or 1 O2 and H+ initially form 1 HO2 + , which further reacts with NADPH to yield NADP+ and H2 O2 . Superoxides 166-168 heme oxygenase 2 Homo sapiens 201-204 31713255-7 2020 The reaction of NADPH in the chemical system with singlet oxygen was found to proceed in two ways, each consisting of two steps, that is, NADPH firstly reacts with 1 O2 barrierlessly to form NADP+ and HO2 - , from which H2 O2 is formed in a spontaneous reaction with H+ , or 1 O2 and H+ initially form 1 HO2 + , which further reacts with NADPH to yield NADP+ and H2 O2 . Superoxides 166-168 heme oxygenase 2 Homo sapiens 304-307 31713255-7 2020 The reaction of NADPH in the chemical system with singlet oxygen was found to proceed in two ways, each consisting of two steps, that is, NADPH firstly reacts with 1 O2 barrierlessly to form NADP+ and HO2 - , from which H2 O2 is formed in a spontaneous reaction with H+ , or 1 O2 and H+ initially form 1 HO2 + , which further reacts with NADPH to yield NADP+ and H2 O2 . Superoxides 202-204 heme oxygenase 2 Homo sapiens 304-307 31725187-1 2020 Quantum chemical calculations on model copper paddlewheel (CPW) complexes of general formula [Cu2 (mu2 -O2 CR)4 L2 ] establish two local coordination geometries at the metal centers depending on the balance between equatorial and axial ligand fields. Superoxides 104-106 adaptor related protein complex 1 subunit mu 2 Homo sapiens 99-102 31919630-6 2020 The high SOD2 levels in UFM and PM cells correlated with lower levels of superoxide and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and with morphological anomalies and depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane detected through confocal microscopy. Superoxides 73-83 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 9-13 31919630-9 2020 Overall, these data suggest that in PM and UFM carriers, which have high levels of FMR1 transcription and may develop FXTAS, SOD2 overexpression helps to maintain low levels of both superoxide and ROS with signs of mitochondrial degradation. Superoxides 182-192 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 125-129 31559656-1 2020 Reaction of NacNacAl (NacNac = [DippNC(Me)CHC(Me)NDipp] ) with one equivalent of benzophenone affords a ketylate species NacNacAl(eta 2 (C,O)-OCPh 2 ) that undergoes easy cyclization reactions with unsaturated substrates. Superoxides 138-150 DNA polymerase iota Homo sapiens 132-137 18706888-0 2008 Hydrogen-rich pure water prevents superoxide formation in brain slices of vitamin C-depleted SMP30/GNL knockout mice. Superoxides 34-44 regucalcin Mus musculus 99-102 18638447-0 2008 The AP-1 site is essential for the promoter activity of NOX1/NADPH oxidase, a vascular superoxide-producing enzyme: Possible involvement of the ERK1/2-JunB pathway. Superoxides 87-97 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 4-8 32841049-6 2020 In addition, TRIM8 knockdown suppressed reactive oxygen species production and elevated the levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Superoxides 102-112 tripartite motif-containing 8 Rattus norvegicus 13-18 31639655-10 2020 Indirect associations were significant for O3 for SBP among women and men and for DBP among men. Superoxides 43-45 selenium binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 50-53 18638447-0 2008 The AP-1 site is essential for the promoter activity of NOX1/NADPH oxidase, a vascular superoxide-producing enzyme: Possible involvement of the ERK1/2-JunB pathway. Superoxides 87-97 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 144-150 18604212-4 2008 In SOD1-deficient macrophages, higher superoxide production decreased the cellular redox potential and specifically inhibited caspase-1 by reversible oxidation and glutathionylation of the redox-sensitive cysteine residues Cys397 and Cys362. Superoxides 38-48 caspase 1 Mus musculus 126-135 31914645-10 2020 TRPV4 activation also triggered superoxide release. Superoxides 32-42 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 Homo sapiens 0-5 31914690-14 2020 Nupr1 silencing also reduced CSMC apoptosis (by TUNEL assay) as well as decreased O2- level and TBAR concentration. Superoxides 82-84 nuclear protein 1, transcriptional regulator Rattus norvegicus 0-5 31561087-0 2019 In situ and real-time imaging of superoxide anion and peroxynitrite elucidating arginase 1 nitration aggravating hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury. Superoxides 33-43 arginase, liver Mus musculus 80-90 31561087-2 2019 Arginase 1 involves in O2-/ONOO- fluctuations and is strongly connected to IR injury. Superoxides 23-25 arginase, liver Mus musculus 0-10 31629029-10 2019 As a result, Rb1 alleviated the injury induced by MGO by increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and total glutathione, decreasing the level of malondialdehyde, and alleviating mitochondrial damage and ROS production. Superoxides 86-96 RB transcriptional corepressor 1 Homo sapiens 13-16 31736979-3 2019 Superoxide anion is produced by the phagocyte NADPH oxidase/NOX2, a multicomponent enzyme system consisting of six proteins: two trans-membrane proteins (gp91 phox and p22 phox ) and four soluble cytosolic proteins (p40 phox , p67 phox , p47 phox , and the small G-proteins, Rac1/2). Superoxides 0-16 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 227-235 31432395-8 2019 Superoxide anion production by miR-1 was quantified by dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescence in rat PA smooth muscle cells (PASMC). Superoxides 0-16 microRNA 1 Rattus norvegicus 31-36 18650345-10 2008 These data suggest that nitric oxide and superoxide released by activated microglia may be mediators that link inflammation and abnormal SYN in mechanisms of PD neurodegeneration. Superoxides 41-51 synemin, intermediate filament protein Mus musculus 137-140 18598896-0 2008 GCH1 haplotype determines vascular and plasma biopterin availability in coronary artery disease effects on vascular superoxide production and endothelial function. Superoxides 116-126 GTP cyclohydrolase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 31614775-3 2019 Media conditioned by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC1alpha)-expressing myotubes, reproducing some metabolic adaptations of aerobic exercise, as increased mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation, restrained constitutively active Forkhead box-containing subfamily O3 (caFoxO3)-induced proteolysis. Superoxides 318-320 peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha Mus musculus 21-88 31614775-3 2019 Media conditioned by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC1alpha)-expressing myotubes, reproducing some metabolic adaptations of aerobic exercise, as increased mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation, restrained constitutively active Forkhead box-containing subfamily O3 (caFoxO3)-induced proteolysis. Superoxides 318-320 peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha Mus musculus 90-99 31614775-3 2019 Media conditioned by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC1alpha)-expressing myotubes, reproducing some metabolic adaptations of aerobic exercise, as increased mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation, restrained constitutively active Forkhead box-containing subfamily O3 (caFoxO3)-induced proteolysis. Superoxides 327-329 peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha Mus musculus 21-88 18598896-3 2008 We examined the associations between haplotypes of the GCH1 gene, GCH1 expression and biopterin levels, and the effects on endothelial function and vascular superoxide production. Superoxides 157-167 GTP cyclohydrolase 1 Homo sapiens 55-59 31614775-3 2019 Media conditioned by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1alpha (PGC1alpha)-expressing myotubes, reproducing some metabolic adaptations of aerobic exercise, as increased mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation, restrained constitutively active Forkhead box-containing subfamily O3 (caFoxO3)-induced proteolysis. Superoxides 327-329 peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha Mus musculus 90-99 18625439-2 2008 There are seven related NADPH oxidases (NOX 1-5, DuoNOX 1,2) which can be activated in various ways to produce superoxide and hydrogen peroxide at the plasma membrane. Superoxides 111-121 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 40-45 31591594-6 2019 Mechanistically, the impact of 3D zwitterionic hydrogel culture on mitigating HSPC differentiation and promoting self-renewal might result from an inhibition of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production via suppression of O2-related metabolism. Superoxides 231-233 proteasome 20S subunit alpha 7 Homo sapiens 78-82 18513323-2 2008 Mammalian xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) can be converted to xanthine oxidase (XO), which produces both superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 102-118 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 10-32 30847859-6 2019 Most significantly, the hE1o and hE1a now join the hE3 as being able to generate the superoxide/H2O2 in mitochondria. Superoxides 85-95 aldehyde dehydrogenase 9 family member A1 Homo sapiens 51-54 31254733-5 2019 In the presence of glutamine, Slc4a11-/- (KO) mouse CE generate significantly greater mitochondrial superoxide, a greater proportion of damaged depolarized mitochondria, and more apoptotic cells than WT. Superoxides 100-110 solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate transporter-like, member 11 Mus musculus 30-37 18513323-2 2008 Mammalian xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) can be converted to xanthine oxidase (XO), which produces both superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 102-118 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 34-37 18510959-7 2008 Increased superoxide production was mediated in part by the vascular nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase as indicated by a marked stimulation of p67(phox)/rac1 NADPH oxidase subunit expression and by increased rac1 membrane association. Superoxides 10-20 Rac family small GTPase 1 Rattus norvegicus 181-185 31176685-0 2019 The depletion of p38alpha kinase upregulates NADPH oxidase 2/NOX2/gp91 expression and the production of superoxide in mouse embryonic stem cells. Superoxides 104-114 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 17-25 18510959-7 2008 Increased superoxide production was mediated in part by the vascular nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase as indicated by a marked stimulation of p67(phox)/rac1 NADPH oxidase subunit expression and by increased rac1 membrane association. Superoxides 10-20 Rac family small GTPase 1 Rattus norvegicus 236-240 30666648-12 2019 In addition, miR-665 overexpression has been known to impair cardiac function, promote inflammatory response while elevating malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels, and decreasing mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activities. Superoxides 145-155 microRNA 665 Rattus norvegicus 13-20 18339714-10 2008 The Ras and Rac1 regulation of superoxide appeared to raise apoptotic activity by activating GSK-3beta and inhibiting Wnt5a/beta-catenin signaling. Superoxides 31-41 Rac family small GTPase 1 Rattus norvegicus 12-16 30977575-7 2019 Overall, PLD-PKCzeta-p47phox signaling axis plays a crucial role in ANGII-induced increase in NADPH oxidase-mediated O2 .- production in the cells. Superoxides 117-119 neutrophil cytosol factor 1 Bos taurus 21-28 18339714-10 2008 The Ras and Rac1 regulation of superoxide appeared to raise apoptotic activity by activating GSK-3beta and inhibiting Wnt5a/beta-catenin signaling. Superoxides 31-41 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 93-102 18424626-1 2008 Treatment of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) alternative oxidase1a (aox1a) mutant plants with moderate light under drought conditions resulted in a phenotypic difference compared with ecotype Columbia (Col-0), as evidenced by a 10-fold increase in the accumulation of anthocyanins in leaves, alterations in photosynthetic efficiency, and increased superoxide radical and reduced root growth at the early stages of seedling growth. Superoxides 351-369 alternative oxidase 1A Arabidopsis thaliana 48-69 30667543-12 2019 Thus, TREM-1 regulates neutrophil migratory properties, in part, by promoting AKT activation and NOX2-dependent superoxide production. Superoxides 112-122 triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 Mus musculus 6-12 30667543-12 2019 Thus, TREM-1 regulates neutrophil migratory properties, in part, by promoting AKT activation and NOX2-dependent superoxide production. Superoxides 112-122 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 97-101 18424626-1 2008 Treatment of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) alternative oxidase1a (aox1a) mutant plants with moderate light under drought conditions resulted in a phenotypic difference compared with ecotype Columbia (Col-0), as evidenced by a 10-fold increase in the accumulation of anthocyanins in leaves, alterations in photosynthetic efficiency, and increased superoxide radical and reduced root growth at the early stages of seedling growth. Superoxides 351-369 alternative oxidase 1A Arabidopsis thaliana 71-76 30723080-1 2019 Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (RAC2), through interactions with reduced NAD phosphate oxidase component p67 phox , activates neutrophil superoxide production, whereas interactions with p21-activated kinase are necessary for fMLF-induced actin remodeling. Superoxides 149-159 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 117-125 18485875-3 2008 Mitochondrial damage is critical to GzmA-induced cell death since cells treated with superoxide scavengers are resistant to GzmA. Superoxides 85-95 granzyme A Homo sapiens 36-40 18485875-3 2008 Mitochondrial damage is critical to GzmA-induced cell death since cells treated with superoxide scavengers are resistant to GzmA. Superoxides 85-95 granzyme A Homo sapiens 124-128 18302939-7 2008 Moreover, galectin-3 but not galectin-1 induced the release of superoxide, which was blocked by lactose, anti-RAGE, and dithiothreitol. Superoxides 63-73 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 10-20 31178956-9 2019 Nox4-/- M(LPS+IFNgamma)-polarized macrophages express more Nox2 and produce more superoxide anions than wild type M(LPS+IFNgamma)-polarized macrophages. Superoxides 81-98 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 0-4 18309109-8 2008 STC1 also significantly decreased TNF-alpha-induced superoxide anion production. Superoxides 52-68 stanniocalcin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 18291120-5 2008 The early Nox4 downregulation was associated with a reduced superoxide production, whereas the late Nox4 upregulation was accompanied by a clear enhancement of superoxide. Superoxides 60-70 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 10-14 30648910-9 2019 Moreover, ERK1/2 inhibition suppressed hyperuricemic injury-induced oxidative stress as indicated by decreased malondialdehyde and increased superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 141-151 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 10-16 18291120-5 2008 The early Nox4 downregulation was associated with a reduced superoxide production, whereas the late Nox4 upregulation was accompanied by a clear enhancement of superoxide. Superoxides 160-170 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 100-104 18413745-3 2008 The antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) modulates the cellular redox environment by converting superoxide (O(2)(*-)) to hydrogen peroxide and dioxygen. Superoxides 33-43 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 55-60 31151499-2 2019 Nowadays metformin is also use for efficacy in diabetes mellitus-tuberculosis coinfection patients through several mechanisms, such increasing superoxide production therefore activation isoniazid is increasing; inducing adeno-monophosphate kinase (AMPK) associated autophagy process; and regulating inflammation cytokines. Superoxides 143-153 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 248-252 17999717-0 2008 Complex I specific increase in superoxide formation and respiration rate by PrP-null mouse brain mitochondria. Superoxides 31-41 prion protein Mus musculus 76-79 30760703-6 2019 PDIA1 supported Nox1-dependent superoxide production in CRC; however, we first reported a dual effect correlated with Ras-level activity: in Caco2 and HKE3 cells, loss-of-function experiments indicate that PDIA1 sustains Nox1-dependent superoxide production, while in HCT116 cells PDIA1 restricted superoxide production, a behavior associated with increased Rac1 expression/activity. Superoxides 31-41 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 0-5 30760703-6 2019 PDIA1 supported Nox1-dependent superoxide production in CRC; however, we first reported a dual effect correlated with Ras-level activity: in Caco2 and HKE3 cells, loss-of-function experiments indicate that PDIA1 sustains Nox1-dependent superoxide production, while in HCT116 cells PDIA1 restricted superoxide production, a behavior associated with increased Rac1 expression/activity. Superoxides 31-41 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 16-20 17999717-3 2008 Quantitative electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy revealed up to a 70% increase in superoxide production from Complex I of submitochondrial particles prepared from PrP-null mice. Superoxides 91-101 prion protein Mus musculus 172-175 30760703-6 2019 PDIA1 supported Nox1-dependent superoxide production in CRC; however, we first reported a dual effect correlated with Ras-level activity: in Caco2 and HKE3 cells, loss-of-function experiments indicate that PDIA1 sustains Nox1-dependent superoxide production, while in HCT116 cells PDIA1 restricted superoxide production, a behavior associated with increased Rac1 expression/activity. Superoxides 31-41 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 206-211 30760703-6 2019 PDIA1 supported Nox1-dependent superoxide production in CRC; however, we first reported a dual effect correlated with Ras-level activity: in Caco2 and HKE3 cells, loss-of-function experiments indicate that PDIA1 sustains Nox1-dependent superoxide production, while in HCT116 cells PDIA1 restricted superoxide production, a behavior associated with increased Rac1 expression/activity. Superoxides 31-41 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 206-211 18356741-9 2008 This programmed alteration in superoxide production was accentuated by PD123319 (AT2 antagonist), but abolished by losartan (AT1 antagonist). Superoxides 30-40 type-2 angiotensin II receptor Ovis aries 81-84 30760703-6 2019 PDIA1 supported Nox1-dependent superoxide production in CRC; however, we first reported a dual effect correlated with Ras-level activity: in Caco2 and HKE3 cells, loss-of-function experiments indicate that PDIA1 sustains Nox1-dependent superoxide production, while in HCT116 cells PDIA1 restricted superoxide production, a behavior associated with increased Rac1 expression/activity. Superoxides 236-246 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 206-211 30760703-6 2019 PDIA1 supported Nox1-dependent superoxide production in CRC; however, we first reported a dual effect correlated with Ras-level activity: in Caco2 and HKE3 cells, loss-of-function experiments indicate that PDIA1 sustains Nox1-dependent superoxide production, while in HCT116 cells PDIA1 restricted superoxide production, a behavior associated with increased Rac1 expression/activity. Superoxides 236-246 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 221-225 30760703-6 2019 PDIA1 supported Nox1-dependent superoxide production in CRC; however, we first reported a dual effect correlated with Ras-level activity: in Caco2 and HKE3 cells, loss-of-function experiments indicate that PDIA1 sustains Nox1-dependent superoxide production, while in HCT116 cells PDIA1 restricted superoxide production, a behavior associated with increased Rac1 expression/activity. Superoxides 236-246 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 206-211 30760703-6 2019 PDIA1 supported Nox1-dependent superoxide production in CRC; however, we first reported a dual effect correlated with Ras-level activity: in Caco2 and HKE3 cells, loss-of-function experiments indicate that PDIA1 sustains Nox1-dependent superoxide production, while in HCT116 cells PDIA1 restricted superoxide production, a behavior associated with increased Rac1 expression/activity. Superoxides 236-246 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 206-211 30760703-6 2019 PDIA1 supported Nox1-dependent superoxide production in CRC; however, we first reported a dual effect correlated with Ras-level activity: in Caco2 and HKE3 cells, loss-of-function experiments indicate that PDIA1 sustains Nox1-dependent superoxide production, while in HCT116 cells PDIA1 restricted superoxide production, a behavior associated with increased Rac1 expression/activity. Superoxides 236-246 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 221-225 30760703-6 2019 PDIA1 supported Nox1-dependent superoxide production in CRC; however, we first reported a dual effect correlated with Ras-level activity: in Caco2 and HKE3 cells, loss-of-function experiments indicate that PDIA1 sustains Nox1-dependent superoxide production, while in HCT116 cells PDIA1 restricted superoxide production, a behavior associated with increased Rac1 expression/activity. Superoxides 236-246 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 206-211 30760703-7 2019 Transfection of Rac1G12V active mutant into HKE3 cells induced PDIA1 to become restrictive of Nox1-dependent superoxide, while in HCT116 cells treated with Rac1 inhibitor, PDIA1 became supportive of superoxide. Superoxides 109-119 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 94-98 30760703-7 2019 Transfection of Rac1G12V active mutant into HKE3 cells induced PDIA1 to become restrictive of Nox1-dependent superoxide, while in HCT116 cells treated with Rac1 inhibitor, PDIA1 became supportive of superoxide. Superoxides 199-209 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 172-177 18298074-4 2008 G-Rd, -Rb1, and -Rb2 also suppressed AA-induced superoxide generation in high concentrations. Superoxides 48-58 RB transcriptional corepressor 1 Homo sapiens 7-10 18160398-3 2008 Thus, conditional expression of PAK1 dominant-positive mutants enhanced, whereas dominant-negative mutants inhibited, NADPH oxidase-mediated superoxide generation following formyl-methionyl-leucylphenylalanine or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate stimulation. Superoxides 141-151 p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 1 Homo sapiens 32-36 18160398-6 2008 We further present evidence that the effect of PAK1 on the respiratory burst is mediated through phosphorylation of p47(Phox), and we show that expression of a p47(Phox) (S303D/S304D/S320D) mutant, which mimics phosphorylation by PAK1, induced basal superoxide generation in vivo. Superoxides 250-260 p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 1 Homo sapiens 47-51 18160398-8 2008 Collectively, our findings define a VAV1-Rac1-PAK1 signaling axis in mononuclear phagocytes regulating superoxide production in a stimulus-dependent manner. Superoxides 103-113 vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 Homo sapiens 36-40 30638380-7 2019 Notably, with the assistance of a two-photon fluorescence imaging probe of the superoxide anion radical (O2 -), in vivo visualization for the first time revealed the positive correlation between AChE and O2 - levels associated with depressive behaviors. Superoxides 79-103 acetylcholinesterase Mus musculus 195-199 18160398-8 2008 Collectively, our findings define a VAV1-Rac1-PAK1 signaling axis in mononuclear phagocytes regulating superoxide production in a stimulus-dependent manner. Superoxides 103-113 p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 1 Homo sapiens 46-50 18079208-0 2008 Aldosterone induces superoxide generation via Rac1 activation in endothelial cells. Superoxides 20-30 Rac family small GTPase 1 Rattus norvegicus 46-50 29334762-7 2019 Whereas PE serum, ox-LDL, progesterone, or soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) elevated superoxide levels via elevating NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) and NOX4 levels and reducing superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1 levels, thereby downregulating KCas. Superoxides 96-106 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 155-159 18079208-6 2008 The aldosterone-induced superoxide generation was abolished either by nonselective small G protein inhibitor (Clostridium difficile toxin A) or dominant-negative Rac1. Superoxides 24-34 Rac family small GTPase 1 Rattus norvegicus 162-166 30576923-1 2019 Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase (Sod1) is a highly conserved and abundant metalloenzyme that catalyzes the disproportionation of superoxide radicals into hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen. Superoxides 124-134 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 28-32 18079208-8 2008 Thus, the present study is the first to demonstrate that aldosterone induces superoxide generation via mineralocorticoid receptor-mediated activation of NAD(P)H-oxidase and Rac1 in endothelial cells, thereby contributing to the development of aldosterone-induced vascular injury. Superoxides 77-87 Rac family small GTPase 1 Rattus norvegicus 173-177 30576923-2 2019 As a consequence, Sod1 serves dual roles in oxidative stress protection and redox signaling by both scavenging cytotoxic superoxide radicals and producing hydrogen peroxide that can be used to oxidize and regulate the activity of downstream targets. Superoxides 121-131 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 18-22 30576923-4 2019 Using the model unicellular eukaryote, Baker"s yeast, we found that only a small fraction of the total Sod1 pool is required for protection against superoxide toxicity and that this pool is localized to the mitochondrial intermembrane space. Superoxides 148-158 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 103-107 18206959-12 2008 These data indicate that: (1) ERK, activated by oxidative stress, is involved only in the early phase of leptin-induced BP elevation, (2) the later phase of leptin-induced hypertension is characterized by excessive NO inactivation by superoxide, (3) the time-dependent shift from ERK to O(2)(-)-NO dependent mechanism may be associated with reduced SOD/GPx ratio, which favors formation of O(2)(-) instead of H(2)O(2). Superoxides 234-244 leptin Rattus norvegicus 157-163 30318012-7 2019 NADPH oxidase includes five NOX and two dual oxidases (DUOX1 and DUOX2) subfamilies that through the production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, play key roles in oxidative stress and several signaling pathways involved in early and late effects of ionizing radiation. Superoxides 115-125 dual oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 55-60 18206959-12 2008 These data indicate that: (1) ERK, activated by oxidative stress, is involved only in the early phase of leptin-induced BP elevation, (2) the later phase of leptin-induced hypertension is characterized by excessive NO inactivation by superoxide, (3) the time-dependent shift from ERK to O(2)(-)-NO dependent mechanism may be associated with reduced SOD/GPx ratio, which favors formation of O(2)(-) instead of H(2)O(2). Superoxides 287-294 leptin Rattus norvegicus 157-163 18206959-12 2008 These data indicate that: (1) ERK, activated by oxidative stress, is involved only in the early phase of leptin-induced BP elevation, (2) the later phase of leptin-induced hypertension is characterized by excessive NO inactivation by superoxide, (3) the time-dependent shift from ERK to O(2)(-)-NO dependent mechanism may be associated with reduced SOD/GPx ratio, which favors formation of O(2)(-) instead of H(2)O(2). Superoxides 390-397 leptin Rattus norvegicus 157-163 18035043-0 2008 Ionizing irradiation induces apoptotic damage of salivary gland acinar cells via NADPH oxidase 1-dependent superoxide generation. Superoxides 107-117 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 81-96 18083891-6 2008 Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) converts intramitochondrial superoxide to diffusible H(2)O(2), which serves as a redox-signaling molecule, regulating pulmonary vascular tone and structure through effects on Kv1.5 and transcription factors. Superoxides 58-68 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-22 18083891-6 2008 Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) converts intramitochondrial superoxide to diffusible H(2)O(2), which serves as a redox-signaling molecule, regulating pulmonary vascular tone and structure through effects on Kv1.5 and transcription factors. Superoxides 58-68 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 24-28 18008142-7 2008 Conversely, there was an enhanced generation of superoxide anion and activation of NADPH oxidase in SHR, which was accompanied by an increase in the protein expression of p47phox, a subunit of NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 48-64 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Rattus norvegicus 171-178 18008142-8 2008 These data suggest that it maybe a reduction in antioxidant defenses, evident by a reduced expression and activity of GSTM2, in the left ventricles and aortas of SHR that leads to increased levels of superoxide anion and activation of NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 200-216 glutathione S-transferase mu 2 Rattus norvegicus 118-123 18092947-4 2008 LOX-1 activation by oxidized LDL (low-density lipoprotein) binding stimulates intracellular signalling, gene expression and production of superoxide radicals. Superoxides 138-148 oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 17962624-7 2008 AT1R blockade by candesartan abrogated CZ flow in WKY (0.58 mL/min/g), reduced myocardial superoxide, and blocked p38 and Akt activation. Superoxides 90-100 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Rattus norvegicus 0-4 18023288-0 2008 Nox1-dependent superoxide production controls colon adenocarcinoma cell migration. Superoxides 15-25 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 30223018-1 2018 A genetic analysis of synthetic lethal interactions in yeast revealed that the mutation of SOD1, encoding an antioxidant enzyme that scavenges superoxide anion radical, impaired the growth of a set of mutants defective in homologous recombination (HR) pathway. Superoxides 143-167 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 91-95 30255990-10 2018 As part of an auto-amplifying loop, mTORC1 is activated, altering mitochondrial homoeostasis and increasing superoxide production. Superoxides 108-118 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1 Mus musculus 36-42 30662615-8 2018 Accordingly, dysfunctional oxidative phosphorylation and elevated superoxide levels were also detected in RRM2B-silenced MCF7 and KB cell lines, which was consistent with the findings by gene set enrichment analysis of 159 breast cancer cases that genes involving respiratory electron transport were enriched in high-RRM2B breast cancer, and genes involving biologic oxidation were enriched in low-RRM2B breast cancers. Superoxides 66-76 ribonucleotide reductase regulatory TP53 inducible subunit M2B Homo sapiens 106-111 30110572-1 2018 We tested a hypothesis that superoxide, by inducing Sp3, increases renal renin activity, renal angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) function, and blood pressure (BP) in rats. Superoxides 28-38 renin Rattus norvegicus 73-78 30110572-17 2018 Taken together, our results suggest that superoxide activates renal Sp3 via lysine acetylation increasing renin activity, AT1R function, and BP in rats. Superoxides 41-51 renin Rattus norvegicus 106-111 30196988-10 2018 HEMA inhibited the LPS-stimulated expression of NOS (nitric oxide synthase) to produce NO but counteracted the expression of Nox2, which forms superoxide anions that combine with NO to peroxynitrite. Superoxides 143-160 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 125-129 30354808-9 2018 In conclusion, both O2- from p47phox/NOX2 and H2O2 from NOX4/POLDIP2 enhance maximal arteriolar Ang II contractions from RRM mice during high salt, but H2O2 and NOX4/POLDIP2 reduce the sensitivity to lower concentrations of Ang II by >100-fold. Superoxides 20-22 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 37-41 30354808-9 2018 In conclusion, both O2- from p47phox/NOX2 and H2O2 from NOX4/POLDIP2 enhance maximal arteriolar Ang II contractions from RRM mice during high salt, but H2O2 and NOX4/POLDIP2 reduce the sensitivity to lower concentrations of Ang II by >100-fold. Superoxides 20-22 polymerase (DNA-directed), delta interacting protein 2 Mus musculus 61-68 18023288-3 2008 These new homologues (Nox1-Nox5) produce low levels of superoxides compared to the phagocytic homologue Nox2/gp91phox. Superoxides 55-66 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 22-26 18023288-4 2008 Using Nox1 siRNA, we show that Nox1-dependent superoxide production affects the migration of HT29-D4 colonic adenocarcinoma cells on collagen-I. Superoxides 46-56 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 6-10 18023288-4 2008 Using Nox1 siRNA, we show that Nox1-dependent superoxide production affects the migration of HT29-D4 colonic adenocarcinoma cells on collagen-I. Superoxides 46-56 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 31-35 18023288-5 2008 Nox1 inhibition or down-regulation led to a decrease of superoxide production and alpha 2 beta 1 integrin membrane availability. Superoxides 56-66 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 18023288-6 2008 An addition of arachidonic acid stimulated Nox1-dependent superoxide production and HT29-D4 cell migration. Superoxides 58-68 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 43-47 18094428-5 2007 Increased SOD activity decreased superoxide levels and increased hydrogen peroxide levels. Superoxides 33-43 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 10-13 18094428-8 2007 In contrast, inhibiting endogenous SOD with small interfering RNA increased superoxide levels and promoted tumor growth. Superoxides 76-86 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 35-38 18056377-9 2007 Neutrophils from Rap1a-/- mice had reduced fMLP-stimulated superoxide production as well as a weaker initial response to phorbol ester. Superoxides 59-69 RAS-related protein 1a Mus musculus 17-22 17906108-1 2007 Hyperglycemic challenge to bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) increases oxidant formation and cell damage that are abolished by MnSOD overexpression, implying mitochondrial superoxide (O(2)(.-)) as a central mediator. Superoxides 178-188 superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Bos taurus 133-138 30272487-0 2018 Use of quantum-chemical descriptors to analyse reaction rate constants between organic chemicals and superoxide/hydroperoxyl (O2 -/HO2 ). Superoxides 101-111 heme oxygenase 2 Homo sapiens 131-134 29957360-0 2018 Anti-osteoclastic effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester in murine macrophages depends upon the suppression of superoxide anion production through the prevention of an active-Nox1 complex formation. Superoxides 111-127 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 175-179 29957360-1 2018 This study investigated the anti-osteoclastic effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) through suppression of Nox1-mediated superoxide anions production. Superoxides 129-146 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 115-119 29957360-10 2018 This study provides evidence that the anti-osteoclastic effect of CAPE depends upon the attenuated superoxide anion production, which is closely related with interruption of an active Nox1 complex formation due to the attenuated catalytic subunit Nox1 expression resulting from suppression of the IKKbeta/IkappaBalpha/NF-kappaB and JNK/AP-1 signaling pathway and the down-regulation of the p47phox subunit translocation to the cell membrane. Superoxides 99-115 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 247-251 17916769-5 2007 Furthermore, IGF-1 decreased vascular expression of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, reduced aortic superoxide formation and urinary 8-isoprostane levels, and increased aortic pAkt and eNOS expression and circulating endothelial progenitor cells, consistent with an antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and prorepair effect on the vasculature. Superoxides 144-154 insulin-like growth factor 1 Mus musculus 13-18 17989922-4 2007 A prerequisite for O(2)(-) in combination with NO to destabilize HIF-1alpha was corroborated in RCC4-rho0 cells, when the redox cycler 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone was used as a source of superoxide. Superoxides 19-24 solute carrier family 49 member 4 Homo sapiens 96-100 17905201-4 2007 IFN-beta suppressed the production of glutamate and superoxide by activated microglia to 70% and 75% of lipopolysaccharide stimulation, respectively, and prevented microglial-induced neuronal cell death. Superoxides 52-62 interferon beta 1 Homo sapiens 0-8 29688896-1 2018 The superoxide-generating enzyme Nox2 contributes to hypertension and cardiovascular remodeling triggered by activation of the renin-angiotensin system. Superoxides 4-14 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 33-37 29601810-11 2018 RIR-2 specifically modulates fMLP-mediated neutrophil superoxide anion production and cathepsin G release by inhibiting the interaction between Gbeta-protein with downstream signaling which subsequently interferes with the activation of intracellular calcium, PLCgamma2, AKT, p38, PKC, ERK, p47ph x and p40phox. Superoxides 54-70 succinate-CoA ligase GDP-forming subunit beta Homo sapiens 144-149 29737331-1 2018 Human MnSOD is a homotetramer and represents an essential mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme, which catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radicals (O2 -) at near diffusion-controlled rates. Superoxides 127-137 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 6-11 29737331-1 2018 Human MnSOD is a homotetramer and represents an essential mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme, which catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radicals (O2 -) at near diffusion-controlled rates. Superoxides 148-150 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 6-11 29505165-5 2018 The results show that PST rapidly reacts with O2.- to yield a unique quinone methide product. Superoxides 46-48 sulfotransferase family 1A member 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 29505165-7 2018 The detection limit of PST-NA to O2.- was estimated to be 2.1 nm min-1 over 60 min of detection. Superoxides 33-35 sulfotransferase family 1A member 1 Homo sapiens 23-26 29505165-8 2018 Importantly, PST-NA shows threefold higher sensitivity to O2.- in the presence and absence of ascorbic acid than that of the classic spin-trapping technique. Superoxides 58-60 sulfotransferase family 1A member 1 Homo sapiens 13-16 29505165-9 2018 In addition, the application of PST-NA to detect extracellular O2.- generation in stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages was also explored. Superoxides 63-65 sulfotransferase family 1A member 1 Homo sapiens 32-35 29505165-10 2018 This study demonstrates that PST-NA has great potential for specific detection and quantitation of O2.- in extracellular sites. Superoxides 99-101 sulfotransferase family 1A member 1 Homo sapiens 29-32 29734380-7 2018 There was a significant correlation between antimycin A-induced calcium responses and mitochondrial superoxide in wild-type "responding" A1/V1+ neurons, which was eliminated in TRPA1-/- neurons, but not TRPV1-/- neurons. Superoxides 100-110 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 177-182 29672130-0 2018 NADPH oxidase 4-derived superoxide mediates flow-stimulated NKCC2 activity in thick ascending limbs. Superoxides 24-34 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-15 17873008-12 2007 In conclusion, contrary to expectation, our findings demonstrate that CRYAB and HSPB2 deficiency induces profound adaptations that are related to 1) a reduction in calcium-dependent metabolism/respiration, including ATP production, and 2) decreased superoxide production during reperfusion. Superoxides 249-259 crystallin, alpha B Mus musculus 70-75 17678635-10 2007 Consequently, myocardial superoxide content in PPARgamma knockout mice was increased, leading to extensive oxidative damage. Superoxides 25-35 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Mus musculus 47-56 29672130-4 2018 We hypothesized that raising luminal flow augments NKCC2 activity by enhancing superoxide ([Formula: see text]) production by NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4). Superoxides 79-89 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 126-141 29672130-4 2018 We hypothesized that raising luminal flow augments NKCC2 activity by enhancing superoxide ([Formula: see text]) production by NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4). Superoxides 79-89 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 143-147 28982074-6 2018 Here, we tested our hypothesis that autophagy is required for IL-13-mediated superoxide production via the NADPH oxidase DUOX1. Superoxides 77-87 dual oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 121-126 17678635-11 2007 Treatment with a SOD mimetic compound, MnTBAP, prevented superoxide-induced cardiac pathological changes in PPARgamma knockout mice. Superoxides 57-67 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Mus musculus 108-117 28982074-13 2018 Silencing DUOX1 by siRNA attenuated IL-13-mediated increases in superoxide, but did not reduce autophagy activities. Superoxides 64-74 dual oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 10-15 17895890-1 2007 Manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) is an enzyme that catalyses the dismutation of superoxide in the mitochondria, leading to reduced levels of reactive oxygen species. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-36 28982074-16 2018 The findings suggest non-canonical autophagy activity regulates DUOX1-dependent localization required for intracellular superoxide production during Th2 inflammation. Superoxides 120-130 dual oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 64-69 17851796-9 2007 Our findings also suggest that while plasma Mn-SOD might play a significant role in detoxifying the superoxide anions produced in the placenta, the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in erythrocytes is mainly due to CAT activity. Superoxides 100-117 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 44-50 28731223-6 2018 Neferine pre-treatment activated IGF-1R signaling, improved cellular antioxidant pool, increased the expression of down-stream targets of IGF-1R, such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, inhibited mitochondrial superoxide generation and autophagy significantly with the induction of Nrf2 translocation and expressions of HO1 and SOD1. Superoxides 193-203 insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor Rattus norvegicus 138-144 17636259-9 2007 The SDH3 R47K, SDH4 D88E, and SDH4 D88N mutants are sensitive to hyperoxia and paraquat and have elevated rates of superoxide production in vitro and in vivo. Superoxides 115-125 succinate dehydrogenase cytochrome b subunit SDH3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 4-8 17397983-3 2007 Its activation depends on the interaction with cytosolic regulatory proteins (p67-phox, p47-phox, p40-phox and Rac) leading to an electron transfer from NADPH to molecular oxygen and to the release of superoxide anions. Superoxides 201-218 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 78-86 29348607-9 2018 Furthermore, treatment of ACAD9 deficient cells with JP4-039, a novel mitochondria-targeted reactive oxygen species, electron and radical scavenger, decreased superoxide level and increased basal and maximal respiratory rate, identifying a potential therapeutic intervention opportunity in CI deficiency. Superoxides 159-169 acyl-CoA dehydrogenase family member 9 Homo sapiens 26-31 29330382-6 2018 The trigger for SESN2 activation and regulation of Parkin translocation is the generation of mitochondrial superoxide. Superoxides 107-117 sestrin 2 Homo sapiens 16-21 29330382-7 2018 Scavenging of mitochondrial superoxide lower the levels of SESN2, resulting in retardation of Parkin translocation. Superoxides 28-38 sestrin 2 Homo sapiens 59-64 29183727-1 2018 The membrane bound cytochrome b558 composed of gp91-phox and p22-phox proteins, and cytosolic proteins p40-, p47-and p67-phox are important components of superoxide (O2-)-generating system in phagocytes. Superoxides 154-164 interleukin 9 Homo sapiens 103-106 29183727-1 2018 The membrane bound cytochrome b558 composed of gp91-phox and p22-phox proteins, and cytosolic proteins p40-, p47-and p67-phox are important components of superoxide (O2-)-generating system in phagocytes. Superoxides 166-168 interleukin 9 Homo sapiens 103-106 29414428-9 2018 These results show that Akt/GSK-3beta/PKCepsilon/eNOS-dependent pathways-mediated superoxide production and apoptosis appear as important factors involved in the observed gender differences. Superoxides 82-92 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 28-37 17583407-1 2007 The superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase gp91(phox)/Nox2 and the non-phagocytic oxidases Nox1 and Nox3 each form a complex in the membrane with p22(phox), which provides both stabilization and a docking site for organizer proteins. Superoxides 4-14 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 97-101 31938112-7 2018 After 48 hours Sev-N2O anesthesia, the neuronal apoptosis and the expression of Bax, PARP-1 in hippocampus of rats increased significantly, and the expression of Nampt, RelB decreased significantly. Superoxides 19-22 RELB proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Rattus norvegicus 169-173 17602954-3 2007 On transfection into K562 cells stably expressing NOX1 and NOXO1, both NOXA1(trunc) and an equivalent truncated wild-type NOXA1(1-273) were expressed as approximately 29-kDa truncated NOXA1 proteins lacking both PB1 and SH3 domains, yet both were as active as wild-type NOXA1 in phorbol-stimulated superoxide generation. Superoxides 298-308 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 50-54 28974565-6 2017 Importantly, daily administration of 100 mug/kg pyr1-apelin-13 resulted in upregulated angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 levels, decreased superoxide production and expression of hypertrophy- and fibrosis-related genes leading to attenuated myocardial hypertrophy, fibrosis, and dysfunction in the Ang II-infused apolipoprotein E knockout mice. Superoxides 137-147 apelin Mus musculus 53-59 28974565-9 2017 The increased superoxide generation and apoptosis in cultured cardiofibroblasts in response to Ang II were strikingly prevented by pyr1-apelin-13 which was partially reversed by cotreatment with the Akt inhibitor MK2206. Superoxides 14-24 apelin Mus musculus 136-142 29099803-4 2017 SOD2 has both tumor suppressive and promoting functions, which are primarily related to its role as a mitochondrial superoxide scavenger and H2O2 regulator. Superoxides 116-126 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 17440754-0 2007 NADH oxidase activity of rat and human liver xanthine oxidoreductase: potential role in superoxide production. Superoxides 88-98 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 45-68 17440754-2 2007 A steady-state kinetics study of XD showed that it catalyses NADH oxidation, leading to the formation of one O2*- molecule and half a H(2)O(2) molecule per NADH molecule, at rates 3 times those observed for XO (29.2 +/- 1.6 and 9.38 +/- 0.31 min(-1), respectively). Superoxides 109-111 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 33-35 17440754-6 2007 It was confirmed that, for the reducing substrate xanthine, rat liver XD is also a better O2*- source than XO. Superoxides 90-92 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 70-72 17440754-7 2007 These data show that the dehydrogenase form of liver XOR is, thus, intrinsically more efficient at generating O2*- than the oxidase form, independently of the reducing substrate. Superoxides 110-112 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 53-56 17675065-8 2007 Interestingly, chelerythrine, a PKC inhibitor, and PP2, a Src kinase family inhibitor, reduced G6PD activity (0.29 +/- 0.04 nM x min x mg protein) by 50% and 51% and these inhibitors also decreased myocardial superoxide by 99% and 79%, respectively. Superoxides 209-219 neuropeptide Y receptor Y6 (pseudogene) Homo sapiens 51-54 17548354-0 2007 Tripartite chimeras comprising functional domains derived from the cytosolic NADPH oxidase components p47phox, p67phox, and Rac1 elicit activator-independent superoxide production by phagocyte membranes: an essential role for anionic membrane phospholipids. Superoxides 158-168 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 111-118 17588380-9 2007 Significant inhibition of tubule formation and superoxide formation was elicited with inhibitors of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, mitochondrial respiration, and xanthine oxidase. Superoxides 47-57 xanthine dehydrogenase Sus scrofa 184-200 17308007-3 2007 The association between the extracellular signaling-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2)-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and generation of superoxide and spontaneous tone in isolated aorta was studied in angiotensin II (ANG II)-infused hypertensive (HT) rats. Superoxides 158-168 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 74-80 28261787-5 2017 KEY RESULTS: DOX-induced cardiac dysfunction, cardiomyocyte remodelling, superoxide production and apoptosis in WT mice were attenuated in Nox2-/- mice. Superoxides 73-83 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 139-143 17308007-3 2007 The association between the extracellular signaling-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2)-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and generation of superoxide and spontaneous tone in isolated aorta was studied in angiotensin II (ANG II)-infused hypertensive (HT) rats. Superoxides 158-168 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 116-120 28751023-10 2017 Further, pretreatment with Mito-TEMPO, a mitochondrial superoxide scavenger, blocked TGF-beta-induced mitochondrial superoxide, NOX4 expression and differentiation of human lung fibroblasts. Superoxides 55-65 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 128-132 17308007-8 2007 MAPK/ERK1/2 (MEK1/2)-ERK1/2 signaling pathway inhibitors, PD-98059 (10 micromol/l), and U-0126 (10 micromol/l), significantly reduced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, superoxide generation (P<0.01), and spontaneous tone (P<0.01) in HT. Superoxides 165-175 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 17308007-8 2007 MAPK/ERK1/2 (MEK1/2)-ERK1/2 signaling pathway inhibitors, PD-98059 (10 micromol/l), and U-0126 (10 micromol/l), significantly reduced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, superoxide generation (P<0.01), and spontaneous tone (P<0.01) in HT. Superoxides 165-175 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 5-11 17308007-8 2007 MAPK/ERK1/2 (MEK1/2)-ERK1/2 signaling pathway inhibitors, PD-98059 (10 micromol/l), and U-0126 (10 micromol/l), significantly reduced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, superoxide generation (P<0.01), and spontaneous tone (P<0.01) in HT. Superoxides 165-175 mitogen activated protein kinase kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 13-19 17308007-8 2007 MAPK/ERK1/2 (MEK1/2)-ERK1/2 signaling pathway inhibitors, PD-98059 (10 micromol/l), and U-0126 (10 micromol/l), significantly reduced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, superoxide generation (P<0.01), and spontaneous tone (P<0.01) in HT. Superoxides 165-175 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 21-27 17308007-8 2007 MAPK/ERK1/2 (MEK1/2)-ERK1/2 signaling pathway inhibitors, PD-98059 (10 micromol/l), and U-0126 (10 micromol/l), significantly reduced the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, superoxide generation (P<0.01), and spontaneous tone (P<0.01) in HT. Superoxides 165-175 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 21-27 17516243-5 2007 In HMEC-1, silencing of either Nox2 or Nox4 components of NADPH oxidase with small interference RNA (siRNA) resulted in a significant reduction in superoxide detected by both DHE fluorescence (Nox2 siRNA; 71 +/- 6% and Nox4 siRNA 83 +/- 7% of control) and lucigenin chemiluminescence (Nox2; 54 +/- 6% and Nox4 74 +/- 4% of control). Superoxides 147-157 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 39-43 28842346-6 2017 Deleting the Cse gene exacerbated the decrease in H2S and GSH levels and increase in superoxide formation and oxidative damage to proteins, lipids, and DNA in the kidneys after UUO, which were accompanied by greater kidney fibrosis, deposition of extracellular matrixes, expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, tubular damage, and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Superoxides 85-95 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 13-16 17516243-5 2007 In HMEC-1, silencing of either Nox2 or Nox4 components of NADPH oxidase with small interference RNA (siRNA) resulted in a significant reduction in superoxide detected by both DHE fluorescence (Nox2 siRNA; 71 +/- 6% and Nox4 siRNA 83 +/- 7% of control) and lucigenin chemiluminescence (Nox2; 54 +/- 6% and Nox4 74 +/- 4% of control). Superoxides 147-157 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 219-223 17516243-5 2007 In HMEC-1, silencing of either Nox2 or Nox4 components of NADPH oxidase with small interference RNA (siRNA) resulted in a significant reduction in superoxide detected by both DHE fluorescence (Nox2 siRNA; 71 +/- 6% and Nox4 siRNA 83 +/- 7% of control) and lucigenin chemiluminescence (Nox2; 54 +/- 6% and Nox4 74 +/- 4% of control). Superoxides 147-157 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 219-223 17577100-0 2007 Effects of p38 MAPK Inhibitor on angiotensin II-dependent hypertension, organ damage, and superoxide anion production. Superoxides 90-106 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 11-19 17337254-3 2007 Because peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligands reduced superoxide anion (O(2)(-.)) Superoxides 85-101 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Mus musculus 8-56 17337254-3 2007 Because peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligands reduced superoxide anion (O(2)(-.)) Superoxides 85-101 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Mus musculus 58-67 17337254-3 2007 Because peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligands reduced superoxide anion (O(2)(-.)) Superoxides 103-107 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Mus musculus 8-56 17337254-3 2007 Because peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) ligands reduced superoxide anion (O(2)(-.)) Superoxides 103-107 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Mus musculus 58-67 17237245-6 2007 After 8 wk of treatment with the superoxide scavenger Tempol, 12-wk-old db/db mice had lower superoxide production, reduced plasma glucose and lipids, and lower BMP-4 and OPN protein expression when compared with nontreated mice. Superoxides 33-43 secreted phosphoprotein 1 Mus musculus 171-174 17468780-4 2007 The weak allele spc1-1 mutant showed characteristics of bleached leaves, accumulation of superoxide and mosaic cell death. Superoxides 89-99 zeta-carotene desaturase Arabidopsis thaliana 16-22 17185981-0 2007 Human epidermal keratinocytes accumulate superoxide due to low activity of Mn-SOD, leading to mitochondrial functional impairment. Superoxides 41-51 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 75-81 17307863-6 2007 However, mostly granulocytic Ly-6G+ cells produced O2- simultaneously but had no measurable effect on proliferation. Superoxides 51-53 lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus G Mus musculus 29-34 29021631-5 2017 Levels of lipid peroxidation and of superoxide anion (O2 ) were higher in Prdx6 -/- than in WT spermatozoa (p <= 0.05). Superoxides 36-52 peroxiredoxin 6 Mus musculus 75-80 29021631-5 2017 Levels of lipid peroxidation and of superoxide anion (O2 ) were higher in Prdx6 -/- than in WT spermatozoa (p <= 0.05). Superoxides 54-56 peroxiredoxin 6 Mus musculus 75-80 17307863-7 2007 Recombination of the two purified Gr-1+ subpopulations restored controlled regulation of T cell proliferation through NO and O2- interaction. Superoxides 125-127 lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus G Mus musculus 34-38 17404273-8 2007 These results collectively suggested that the level of superoxide is reduced in macrophages that have engulfed S. aureus through the actions of TLR2-activated JNK, resulting in the prolonged survival of the bacterium in phagosomes. Superoxides 55-65 toll-like receptor 2 Mus musculus 144-148 16959366-5 2007 Inhibitors of PKC, a possible mediator of the augmented respiratory burst activity, decreased superoxide production in all (resting and stimulated) diabetic and control PMN. Superoxides 94-104 protein kinase C beta Homo sapiens 14-17 17320767-8 2007 Transfection of cells with siRNA-p47phox abolished glucose-induced superoxide production and restored PKG-I protein levels in VSMC. Superoxides 67-77 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Rattus norvegicus 33-40 17130184-3 2007 We reported recently that cofilin plays a regulatory role in superoxide production and phagocytosis by leukocytes, and in the present study, we investigated the role of cofilin in the chemotaxis of neutrophilic HL-60 cells. Superoxides 61-71 cofilin 1 Homo sapiens 26-33 29262595-5 2017 Whereas the transitory Nox1-dependent production of superoxide contributes to the cytotoxicity of oxaliplatin in sensitive cells, oxaliplatin treatment of resistant cells leads to a decrease in the production of superoxide associated with an increase of H2O2 and a decreased cytotoxicity of oxaliplatin. Superoxides 52-62 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 23-27 29262595-5 2017 Whereas the transitory Nox1-dependent production of superoxide contributes to the cytotoxicity of oxaliplatin in sensitive cells, oxaliplatin treatment of resistant cells leads to a decrease in the production of superoxide associated with an increase of H2O2 and a decreased cytotoxicity of oxaliplatin. Superoxides 212-222 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 23-27 17425976-0 2007 [Role of 5-HT2A-receptors coupled with superoxide anion in the medial area of nucleus retrofacialis]. Superoxides 39-55 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A Rattus norvegicus 9-15 28699129-6 2017 Within changed pathways, three genes were selected for RT-qPCR analyses as key candidates influencing inflammatory responses: CYBA (component of the superoxide-generating Nox2 enzyme), GSK3B (controller of cell responses after toll-like receptor stimulation), and EIF4E (a key factor of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex that regulates abundance of other proteins involved in immune functions). Superoxides 149-159 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E Homo sapiens 264-269 28574619-5 2017 UCP2 upregulation decreased superoxide whereas it increased hydrogen peroxide production with concomitant increase in the expression and activity of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), the primary mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme. Superoxides 28-38 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 17425976-1 2007 OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of 5-HT2A-receptors coupled with superoxide anion (O2-) on respiratory regulation signal transductionin passageway in the medial area of nucleus retrofacialis (mNRF). Superoxides 66-82 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A Rattus norvegicus 36-42 17425976-1 2007 OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of 5-HT2A-receptors coupled with superoxide anion (O2-) on respiratory regulation signal transductionin passageway in the medial area of nucleus retrofacialis (mNRF). Superoxides 84-87 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A Rattus norvegicus 36-42 17425976-8 2007 CONCLUSION: Activation of 5-HT2A receptors results in obvious O2- production in mNRF, suggesting that 5-HT2A receptors regulate respiratory function in association with O2-. Superoxides 62-64 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A Rattus norvegicus 26-32 17425976-8 2007 CONCLUSION: Activation of 5-HT2A receptors results in obvious O2- production in mNRF, suggesting that 5-HT2A receptors regulate respiratory function in association with O2-. Superoxides 62-64 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A Rattus norvegicus 102-108 17425976-8 2007 CONCLUSION: Activation of 5-HT2A receptors results in obvious O2- production in mNRF, suggesting that 5-HT2A receptors regulate respiratory function in association with O2-. Superoxides 169-171 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A Rattus norvegicus 26-32 17425976-8 2007 CONCLUSION: Activation of 5-HT2A receptors results in obvious O2- production in mNRF, suggesting that 5-HT2A receptors regulate respiratory function in association with O2-. Superoxides 169-171 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2A Rattus norvegicus 102-108 17365865-1 2007 Recently we showed that angiotensin (Ang) II potentiates platelet aggregation, while Ang-(1-7) potentiates the anti-aggregatory action of the nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and may therefore counteract platelet NO resistance that accompanies cardiovascular disease and is associated with increased levels of superoxide (O(2)(-)). Superoxides 329-339 angiogenin Homo sapiens 85-88 28893245-3 2017 Despite many experimental studies, the role of AT1R-NAD(P)H oxidase-superoxide pathway in NO-deficiency is not yet sufficiently clarified. Superoxides 68-78 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Rattus norvegicus 47-51 28869535-10 2017 Scavenging of mitochondrial superoxide attenuated mitochondrial DNA damage and preserved the mitochondrial respiration, in addition to suppression of the expression of p53 and preservation of the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) in ischemic skeletal muscles with aging. Superoxides 28-38 peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha Mus musculus 210-277 28869535-10 2017 Scavenging of mitochondrial superoxide attenuated mitochondrial DNA damage and preserved the mitochondrial respiration, in addition to suppression of the expression of p53 and preservation of the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) in ischemic skeletal muscles with aging. Superoxides 28-38 peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha Mus musculus 279-289 28572500-14 2017 The increased cytoplasmic free Ca2+ concentration along with MYOD, MYOG, and micro-RNA upregulation could be related to reduced O2 - production, which, in turn, favors myogenic regeneration. Superoxides 128-130 myogenin Homo sapiens 67-71 28760822-5 2017 The downstream sensitivity to Galphaq inhibition in desensitized cells displaying increased production/release of O2- through the PAFR receptor crosstalk mechanism also comprised the reactivation of the FPRs, and the activation signals were redirected from the PAFR to the desensitized/reactivated FPRs. Superoxides 114-116 platelet activating factor receptor Homo sapiens 130-134 28760822-5 2017 The downstream sensitivity to Galphaq inhibition in desensitized cells displaying increased production/release of O2- through the PAFR receptor crosstalk mechanism also comprised the reactivation of the FPRs, and the activation signals were redirected from the PAFR to the desensitized/reactivated FPRs. Superoxides 114-116 platelet activating factor receptor Homo sapiens 261-265 17365865-1 2007 Recently we showed that angiotensin (Ang) II potentiates platelet aggregation, while Ang-(1-7) potentiates the anti-aggregatory action of the nitric oxide (NO) donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP), and may therefore counteract platelet NO resistance that accompanies cardiovascular disease and is associated with increased levels of superoxide (O(2)(-)). Superoxides 341-345 angiogenin Homo sapiens 85-88 17275678-0 2007 Gp91phox-containing NAD(P)H oxidase increases superoxide formation by doxorubicin and NADPH. Superoxides 46-56 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 0-8 17275678-4 2007 Superoxide production was measured in female wild-type and NAD(P)H oxidase-deficient (gp91phox knockout) mice. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 86-94 17275678-8 2007 Taken together, gp91phox-containing NAD(P)H oxidase and NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase can enhance superoxide production caused by the chemical interaction of doxorubicin and NADPH. Superoxides 100-110 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 16-24 17275684-8 2007 OSS significantly up-regulated one of the NADPH oxidase subunits (NOx4) expression accompanied with an increase in O2(-.) Superoxides 115-117 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 66-70 17174341-5 2007 O(2)(-) and Fe(2+) are also cofactors of the enzymes, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and 3-hydroxyanthranilate-3,4-dioxygenase (3-HAO) respectively. Superoxides 0-7 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 54-81 17174341-5 2007 O(2)(-) and Fe(2+) are also cofactors of the enzymes, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and 3-hydroxyanthranilate-3,4-dioxygenase (3-HAO) respectively. Superoxides 0-7 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 83-86 17174341-9 2007 It also reduces the activity of both IDO and 3-HAO, which could be attributed to the superoxide anion scavenging and iron binding properties, respectively, of this drug. Superoxides 85-101 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 37-40 17389926-0 2007 Overexpression of selenoprotein H reduces Ht22 neuronal cell death after UVB irradiation by preventing superoxide formation. Superoxides 103-113 selenoprotein H Mus musculus 18-33 17296905-7 2007 RESULTS: Comparisons of AAV-SOD2-infected LHON cells relative to control cells infected with AAV-green fluorescent protein showed increased expression of mitochondrial SOD that attenuated superoxide-induced fluorescence by 26% (P = .003) and suppressed TUNEL-induced fluorescence by 21% (P = .048) after 2 days of growth in galactose medium, when cell survival increased by 25% (P=.05). Superoxides 188-198 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 28-31 17211829-6 2007 Several proteins involved in defense against toxic superoxide (O2-) and other reactive oxygen species, such as manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (SOD2), glutathione peroxidase, and peroxiredoxins 1 and 6 were highly upregulated after TLR7/8 activation. Superoxides 51-61 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 154-158 16963617-7 2007 Furthermore, RNA interference of NAD(P)H oxidase subunits Nox1 or p47 markedly blocked OXO-induced increases in both extra- and intracellular O(2)(*-) levels, whereas small inhibitory RNA of Nox4 only attenuated intracellular O(2)(*-) accumulation. Superoxides 142-146 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 58-62 28624774-2 2017 The antioxidant enzyme cytosolic copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (cSOD) catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide radical, a molecule that can induce oxidative stress if its concentration exceeds cellular control. Superoxides 106-124 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 33-65 28624774-2 2017 The antioxidant enzyme cytosolic copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (cSOD) catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide radical, a molecule that can induce oxidative stress if its concentration exceeds cellular control. Superoxides 106-124 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 67-71 28495429-2 2017 Into mitochondria, MnSOD catalyses superoxide radical producing HP and oxygen. Superoxides 35-53 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 19-24 28573846-4 2017 Herein, aggregation-induced emission (AIE) was employed to develop a novel organic platform TPE-CLA with simultaneous turn-on FL/CL signals specifically modulated by O2 - in cells, which can be attributed to the activation of AIE resulted from the decreasing solubility after recognition. Superoxides 166-168 folliculin Mus musculus 126-131 28573846-5 2017 Using imidazopyrazinone (CLA) as the reactive motif and tetraphenylethene (TPE) as FL/CL enhancing skeleton, TPE-CLA is sensitive enough to image native O2 - in Raw264.7 cells and lipopolysaccharide stimulated O2 - in mice. Superoxides 153-155 folliculin Mus musculus 83-88 28573846-6 2017 Endogenous O2 - in HL-7702 cells induced by acetaminophen (APAP) was uninterruptedly monitored for 7200 s with CL and the results were further confirmed by FL imaging. Superoxides 11-13 folliculin Mus musculus 111-113 28573846-6 2017 Endogenous O2 - in HL-7702 cells induced by acetaminophen (APAP) was uninterruptedly monitored for 7200 s with CL and the results were further confirmed by FL imaging. Superoxides 11-13 folliculin Mus musculus 156-158 28461152-2 2017 The azide anion is a potent competitive inhibitor that binds directly to the metal and is used as a substrate analog to superoxide in studies of SOD. Superoxides 120-130 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 145-148 28461152-3 2017 The crystal structure of human MnSOD-azide complex was solved and shows the putative binding position of superoxide, providing a model for binding to the active site. Superoxides 105-115 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 31-36 28659507-5 2017 Mesenteric arteries and thoracic aortae from aged mice exhibited higher Nox2-dependent superoxide production. Superoxides 87-97 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 72-76 28587495-1 2017 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a mitochondrial-resident enzyme that reduces superoxide to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which can be further reduced to water by glutathione peroxidase (GPX1). Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 28229168-7 2017 High frequency of CD14+CD16++ "nonclassical" monocytes was associated with increased vascular superoxide production. Superoxides 94-104 CD14 molecule Homo sapiens 18-22 28238401-10 2017 Expression of p47phox, a regulatory subunit of the superoxide producing Nox2, was downregulated, and the expression of NOS which produces nitric oxide (NO) was possibly inhibited by feedback loop mechanisms in HEMA-exposed cultures. Superoxides 51-61 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 72-76 16963617-8 2007 These results suggest that Nox1 represents a major NAD(P)H oxidase isoform responsible for extracellular O(2)(*-) production. Superoxides 105-109 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 27-31 28299863-6 2017 Thus, these data suggest that DKK3 promotes cell survival during oxidative stress by suppressing the expression of the superoxide-producing enzyme XDH. Superoxides 119-129 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 147-150 17082491-7 2007 siRNA against nox4 reduced NADPH-driven superoxide production in serum-deprived VSMCs and downregulated SM-alpha actin, SM-MHC, and calponin, as well as SM-alpha actin stress fibers. Superoxides 40-50 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 14-18 28250190-4 2017 Superoxide anion production and translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) and nuclear transcription factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) subunit p65 to the nucleus and the activation of their target genes were quantified.Results: Pretreatment of HUVECs with 1,25(OH)2D3 prevented the leptin-induced increase in superoxide anion production (P < 0.05). Superoxides 0-16 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 160-163 28250190-4 2017 Superoxide anion production and translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) and nuclear transcription factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) subunit p65 to the nucleus and the activation of their target genes were quantified.Results: Pretreatment of HUVECs with 1,25(OH)2D3 prevented the leptin-induced increase in superoxide anion production (P < 0.05). Superoxides 326-342 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 160-163 17916951-0 2007 Increased plasma manganese, partially reduced ascorbate, 1 and absence of mitochondrial oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus: implications for the superoxide uncoupling protein 2 (UCP-2) pathway. Superoxides 155-165 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 166-186 17916951-0 2007 Increased plasma manganese, partially reduced ascorbate, 1 and absence of mitochondrial oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus: implications for the superoxide uncoupling protein 2 (UCP-2) pathway. Superoxides 155-165 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 188-193 17916951-2 2007 Manganese (Mn), the key component of the Mitochondrial antioxidant (MnSOD), plays a key role in the superoxide uncoupling protein 2 (UCP-2) pathway in inhibiting of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Superoxides 100-110 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 68-73 17916951-2 2007 Manganese (Mn), the key component of the Mitochondrial antioxidant (MnSOD), plays a key role in the superoxide uncoupling protein 2 (UCP-2) pathway in inhibiting of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Superoxides 100-110 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 111-131 17916951-2 2007 Manganese (Mn), the key component of the Mitochondrial antioxidant (MnSOD), plays a key role in the superoxide uncoupling protein 2 (UCP-2) pathway in inhibiting of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS). Superoxides 100-110 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 133-138 16920193-1 2007 Activation of the superoxide forming respiratory burst oxidase of human neutrophils, crucial in host defence, requires the cytosolic proteins p47phox and p67phox which translocate to the plasma membrane upon cell stimulation and activate flavocytochrome b558, the redox centre of this enzyme system. Superoxides 18-28 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 154-161 17192473-8 2007 Rac1-dependent NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX) activity was more than doubled in the endothelium-denuded diabetic aortas but was attenuated by candesartan or captopril, indicating that NOX remains active in nonendothelial vascular tissues, although uncoupled eNOS is responsible for endothelial production of O(2)*(-). Superoxides 299-303 Rac family small GTPase 1 Mus musculus 0-4 17575910-1 2007 Superoxide dismutases, both cytosolic Cu, Zn-SOD encoded by SOD1 and mitochondrial Mn-SOD encoded by SOD2, serve Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells for defense against the superoxide radical but the phenotypes of sod1A and sod2delta mutant strains are different. Superoxides 168-186 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 60-64 17060455-4 2007 We show that Vav1 associates with p67(phox) and Rac2, but not Rac1, in fMLP-stimulated human neutrophils, correlating with superoxide production. Superoxides 123-133 vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 Homo sapiens 13-17 17060455-6 2007 This provides new molecular insights into regulation of the neutrophil NADPH oxidase, suggesting that chemoattractant-stimulated superoxide production can be amplified by a positive feedback loop in which p67(phox) targets Vav1-mediated Rac activation. Superoxides 129-139 vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 Homo sapiens 223-227 17284935-8 2007 In addition, PEDF completely inhibited superoxide generation and NF-kappaB activation in AGE-exposed endothelial cells. Superoxides 39-49 serpin family F member 1 Rattus norvegicus 13-17 17284935-9 2007 These results demonstrated that PEDF could inhibit diabetes- or AGE-induced RAGE gene expression by blocking the superoxide-mediated NF-kappaB activation. Superoxides 113-123 serpin family F member 1 Rattus norvegicus 32-36 17925096-3 2007 Although, deficiency in cytoplasmic superoxide dismutase (Sod1) had not interfered with response to superoxide, cells deficient in glutathione (GSH) synthesis were not able to acquire tolerance to H2O2 when pretreated with menadione. Superoxides 36-46 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 58-62 28109047-6 2017 In previous work, we designed a peptide based on a PDI redox motif (CGHC) that inhibited both PDI reductase activity and PDI-modulated superoxide generation by neutrophil Nox2. Superoxides 135-145 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 51-54 28366987-4 2017 H2O2 was generated simultaneously in this reaction mixture probably from the hydroperoxy radical (HO2 ), which is equilibrated with O2 - in an aqueous condition, and then H2O2 consumed O2 -. Superoxides 2-4 heme oxygenase 2 Homo sapiens 98-101 27911102-3 2017 We studied the role of CD14 in LPS-induced priming of neutrophils for enhanced release of the superoxide anion. Superoxides 94-110 CD14 molecule Homo sapiens 23-27 29069652-9 2017 Higher Wnt3a and beta-catenin mRNA and protein expressions and c-myc and cyclinD1 mRNA expressions, enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) contents, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and elevated mitochondrial membrane potential ( psim) were found in the 10 and 15 micromol/L Cur groups compared with the 6-OHDA group. Superoxides 109-119 Wnt family member 3A Rattus norvegicus 7-12 27435539-1 2016 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a vital enzyme that protects cells from free radicals through eliminating superoxide radicals (O2-). Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 27435539-1 2016 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a vital enzyme that protects cells from free radicals through eliminating superoxide radicals (O2-). Superoxides 137-139 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-30 27435539-1 2016 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a vital enzyme that protects cells from free radicals through eliminating superoxide radicals (O2-). Superoxides 137-139 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 28203527-13 2016 Taken together, our results suggest that superoxide, but not H2O2, via Sp3 up-regulates AT1R expression and function in the renal cells. Superoxides 41-51 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 88-92 17994461-5 2007 Superoxide mediated methylglyoxal-induced caspase 3 cleavage. Superoxides 0-10 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 42-51 17994461-10 2007 CONCLUSIONS: This study has shown that methylglyoxal increased Ras modulation of superoxide-mediated P38 activation and c-Jun activation, which resulted in increased apoptosis. Superoxides 81-91 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 101-104 17064681-6 2006 These findings suggest that vascular O(2)(-) overproduction via gp91phox-containing NADPH oxidase is one of the crucial factors in the development of DOCA-salt-induced hypertension. Superoxides 37-42 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 64-72 17157182-1 2006 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD, SOD2) is an essential primary antioxidant enzyme which converts superoxide radical to hydrogen peroxide within the mitochondrial matrix. Superoxides 103-121 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-30 17157182-1 2006 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD, SOD2) is an essential primary antioxidant enzyme which converts superoxide radical to hydrogen peroxide within the mitochondrial matrix. Superoxides 103-121 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 17157182-1 2006 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD, SOD2) is an essential primary antioxidant enzyme which converts superoxide radical to hydrogen peroxide within the mitochondrial matrix. Superoxides 103-121 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 39-43 17157182-11 2006 Our data indicate that inactivation of MnSOD in receptor-mediated apoptosis by caspase-specific degradation would render the mitochondria sensitive to the steady-state production of superoxide, decrease the steady-state flux of H(2)O(2), expedite the loss of mitochondrial function, and potentiate apoptosis. Superoxides 182-192 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 39-44 17184504-21 2006 The results suggest that the acute stimulatory effect of leptin on renal Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase is mediated by divergent mechanisms depending on the chronic leptin level (i.e. by H(2)O(2)-dependent stimulation of ERK in normoleptinaemic animals and by superoxide-dependent impairment of the nitric oxide-cGMP pathway in hyperleptinaemic rats). Superoxides 247-257 leptin Rattus norvegicus 57-63 17081080-7 2006 Kallistatin delivery promoted cardiac endothelial nitric oxide synthase activation and increased nitric oxide (NO) formation, but inhibited NADH oxidase activity, p22phox expression, and superoxide production. Superoxides 187-197 serine (or cysteine) proteinase inhibitor, clade A, member 3C Rattus norvegicus 0-11 28175303-3 2016 FRDA neurons showed lower levels of iron-sulfur (Fe-S) and lipoic acid-containing proteins, higher labile iron pool (LIP), higher expression of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2), increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lower reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and enhanced sensitivity to oxidants compared with CT neurons, indicating deficient Fe-S cluster biogenesis, altered iron metabolism, and oxidative stress. Superoxides 158-168 frataxin Homo sapiens 0-4 27912212-6 2016 Furthermore, Gialpha-2 and Gialpha-3 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide treatments significantly decreased the enhanced levels of Gialpha-2 and Gialpha-3 proteins, respectively, and enhanced levels of superoxide anion and NADPH oxidase activity in heart, aorta, and kidney and hyperproliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells from SHRs aged 6 weeks. Superoxides 197-213 G protein subunit alpha i3 Rattus norvegicus 27-36 17065240-7 2006 In transfected HK-2 cells, RNA interference-mediated silencing of AATF exacerbated whereas overexpression of the full-length AATF ameliorated mitochondrial dysfunction, accumulation of superoxide and peroxynitrite, lipid peroxidation, caspase-3 activation, and apoptotic death that were induced by IRI. Superoxides 185-195 apoptosis antagonizing transcription factor Homo sapiens 125-129 28721275-6 2016 Superoxide anion production increased in ACE2KO mice, with increased mRNA levels of NADPH oxidase subunit, p22phox, p40phox, p67phox, and gp91phox in the hippocampus of ACE2KO mice compared with WT mice. Superoxides 0-16 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 138-146 27173532-2 2016 Superoxide radicals (O2(*-)) and their protonated form (hydroperoxyl radicals, HO2(*)) were detected by the reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium into formazan, and hydroxyl radicals (OH(*)) were detected by the hydroxylation of terephthalate. Superoxides 0-19 heme oxygenase 2 Homo sapiens 79-82 27173532-3 2016 Under gastric conditions, O2(*-)/HO2(*) were detected in higher quantity than OH(*). Superoxides 26-28 heme oxygenase 2 Homo sapiens 33-36 26918530-5 2016 Leptin increased superoxide anion (O2 ( ) -) generation from NADPH oxidase (via PI3 K/Akt pathway), NOX2 expression and nitrotyrosine levels. Superoxides 17-33 leptin Rattus norvegicus 0-6 26918530-5 2016 Leptin increased superoxide anion (O2 ( ) -) generation from NADPH oxidase (via PI3 K/Akt pathway), NOX2 expression and nitrotyrosine levels. Superoxides 35-37 leptin Rattus norvegicus 0-6 27624556-6 2016 Echocardiography revealed that ALDH-2(-/-)/gp91(phox-/-) mice were protected from ACA-overload-induced HF after 5 weeks of 2% EtOH-diet, demonstrating that NOX2-derived O2( -) contributes to the development of ACM. Superoxides 169-171 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 156-160 17165602-4 2006 Manganese plays significant role in the free radical defense system as MnSOD, which protects the endothelial and red blood cells and mitochondria from the damage caused by superoxide radicals. Superoxides 172-182 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 71-76 16904307-3 2006 Another ArfGAP, Git2, was found to be a component of the Gbetagamma-mediated directional sensing machinery, while simultaneously playing an essential role in the suppressive control of superoxide production, which is mediated by vesicle transport in GPCR-stimulated neutrophils. Superoxides 185-195 G protein-coupled receptor 166 pseudogene Homo sapiens 250-254 27313545-6 2016 In physiological conditions, besides nitric oxide (NO), nNOS also produces hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide ([Formula: see text]) considered as key mediators in non-neuronal cells signaling. Superoxides 104-114 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 56-60 16962276-2 2006 A mev-1 mutation in the cytochrome b large subunit (SDHC) of complex II results in superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) overproduction and therefore leads to apoptosis and precocious aging in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Superoxides 83-99 cytochrome b Caenorhabditis elegans 24-36 16962276-2 2006 A mev-1 mutation in the cytochrome b large subunit (SDHC) of complex II results in superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) overproduction and therefore leads to apoptosis and precocious aging in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Superoxides 101-105 cytochrome b Caenorhabditis elegans 24-36 16971657-5 2006 The possibility that increases in superoxide and related products that are induced by low K intake were responsible for stimulating phosphorylation of P38 and ERK also was supported by the finding that application of H(2)O(2) increased the phosphorylation of ERK and P38 in the cultured mouse collecting duct cells. Superoxides 34-44 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 151-154 16971657-5 2006 The possibility that increases in superoxide and related products that are induced by low K intake were responsible for stimulating phosphorylation of P38 and ERK also was supported by the finding that application of H(2)O(2) increased the phosphorylation of ERK and P38 in the cultured mouse collecting duct cells. Superoxides 34-44 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 267-270 16971657-11 2006 It is concluded that low K intake-induced increases in superoxide levels are responsible for stimulation of P38 and ERK and that MAPK inhibit the SK channels by stimulating PTK expression and via a PTK-independent mechanism. Superoxides 55-65 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 108-111 16934679-0 2006 Cyclooxygenase-2-dependent neuronal death proceeds via superoxide anion generation. Superoxides 55-71 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Mus musculus 0-16 26578367-12 2016 It is likely that TRPV1-mediated Ca(2+) entry in the uterus of pregnant rats involves accumulation of oxidative stress and opening of mitochondrial membrane pores that consequently leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, substantial swelling of the mitochondria with rupture of the outer membrane and release of oxidants such as superoxide (O2 (-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 325-335 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 Rattus norvegicus 18-23 26578367-12 2016 It is likely that TRPV1-mediated Ca(2+) entry in the uterus of pregnant rats involves accumulation of oxidative stress and opening of mitochondrial membrane pores that consequently leads to mitochondrial dysfunction, substantial swelling of the mitochondria with rupture of the outer membrane and release of oxidants such as superoxide (O2 (-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 337-339 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 Rattus norvegicus 18-23 26898144-8 2016 Interestingly, treatment with Mito-TEMPO, a mitochondrial-specific superoxide scavenger, recovered mitochondrial fission-fusion imbalance and blunted mitochondrial superoxide production, and reduced the IDH2 knockdown-induced decrease in MnSOD expression, eNOS phosphorylation and NO production in endothelial cells. Superoxides 67-77 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 238-243 16934679-6 2006 Cortical neurons with enhanced COX-2 expression showed superoxide generation, GSH depletion, and lipid peroxidation in response to low doses of Fe2+, and all of these changes were repressed by MnTBAP or NS398. Superoxides 55-65 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Mus musculus 31-36 16934679-7 2006 Consistent with this pharmacological data, cortical neurons prepared from COX-2 knockout mice showed marked reductions in LPS-induced Fe2+ -toxicity enhancement and superoxide generation. Superoxides 165-175 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Mus musculus 74-79 16934679-8 2006 These results suggest that COX-2 functions as a cellular factor which induces superoxide-mediated cell death in primary cortical neurons. Superoxides 78-88 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Mus musculus 27-32 16616784-3 2006 Recently, a novel family of proteins (Nox1, 2 and 4) that act as the catalytic subunit of the superoxide (O2-) producing enzyme NADPH-oxidase has been discovered in vascular cells. Superoxides 94-104 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 38-51 26912033-8 2016 The levels of NADPH oxidase activity and superoxide production in the ischemic tissue were higher in SMP30 KO and old mice than in young mice. Superoxides 41-51 regucalcin Mus musculus 101-106 16626305-12 2006 Transfection of cells with antisense PKCbeta oligonucleotide, but not antisense PKCalpha oligonucleotide, completely blocked Hcy-induced phosphorylation of p47phox and p67phox subunits as well as superoxide anion production. Superoxides 196-212 protein kinase C beta Homo sapiens 37-44 16626305-13 2006 Pretreatment of cells with LY333531, a PKCbeta inhibitor, abolished Hcy-induced superoxide anion production. Superoxides 80-96 protein kinase C beta Homo sapiens 39-46 16626305-14 2006 Taken together, these results indicate that Hcy-stimulated superoxide anion production in monocytes is regulated through PKC-dependent phosphorylation of p47phox and p67phox subunits of NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 59-75 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 166-173 16762923-0 2006 Direct involvement of the small GTPase Rac in activation of the superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase Nox1. Superoxides 64-74 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 99-103 16762923-1 2006 Activation of the non-phagocytic superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase Nox1, complexed with p22(phox) at the membrane, requires its regulatory soluble proteins Noxo1 and Noxa1. Superoxides 33-43 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 68-72 16762923-4 2006 Electropermeabilized HeLa cells, ectopically expressing Nox1, Noxo1, and Noxa1, produce superoxide in a GTP-dependent manner, which is abrogated by expression of a mutant Noxa1(R103E), defective in Rac binding. Superoxides 88-98 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 56-60 16762923-5 2006 Superoxide production in Nox1-expressing HeLa and Caco-2 cells is decreased by depletion or sequestration of Rac; on the other hand, it is enhanced by expression of the constitutively active Rac1(Q61L), but not by that of a mutant Rac1 with the A27K substitution, deficient in binding to Noxa1. Superoxides 0-10 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 25-29 16911517-1 2006 Activation of the superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase Nox1 requires both the organizer protein Noxo1 and the activator protein Noxa1. Superoxides 18-28 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 53-57 16911517-3 2006 The Noxo1gamma protein contains an additional five amino acids in the N-terminal PX domain, a phosphoinositide-binding module; the domain plays an essential role in supporting superoxide production by NADPH oxidase (Nox) family oxidases including Nox1, gp91(phox)/Nox2, and Nox3, as shown in this study. Superoxides 176-186 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 247-251 16820786-4 2006 Significant increases in O(2)(-) production with IFN-gamma were completely abolished by the flavin-containing enzyme inhibitor, diphenyleneiodonium (10 micromol/l), and the Janus-activated kinase (JAK)2 inhibitor, AG490 (100 micromol/l). Superoxides 25-30 Janus kinase 2 Homo sapiens 173-202 16861386-3 2006 miR398 targets two closely related Cu/Zn superoxide dismutases (cytosolic CSD1 and chloroplastic CSD2) that can detoxify superoxide radicals. Superoxides 41-51 copper/zinc superoxide dismutase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 74-78 16741005-0 2006 Superoxide-dependent hypertension in male and female endothelin B receptor-deficient rats. Superoxides 0-10 endothelin receptor type B Rattus norvegicus 53-74 16769586-1 2006 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) protects cells against oxidative stress by eliminating superoxides. Superoxides 94-105 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-30 27233035-8 2016 Superoxide accumulation and protein and lipid oxidation were increased in Tg-CA-RAC1 retinas and were reduced in mice treated with apocynin. Superoxides 0-10 Rac family small GTPase 1 Mus musculus 80-84 16769586-1 2006 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) protects cells against oxidative stress by eliminating superoxides. Superoxides 94-105 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 16678016-5 2006 The NGF-induced increase in NOX1 mRNA was mediated by TrkA and accompanied by increased intracellular superoxide, which was suppressed by NADPH oxidase inhibitors. Superoxides 102-112 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 4-7 16678016-6 2006 Unexpectedly, these inhibitors and superoxide scavengers significantly enhanced NGF-induced neurite outgrowth. Superoxides 35-45 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 80-83 27018067-6 2016 In addition, the increased production of ROS such as superoxide and hydroxyl radical by PM exposure increases MMPs including MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9, resulting in the degradation of collagen. Superoxides 53-63 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 132-137 16464536-7 2006 Cisplatin also increased the expression of cochlear NOX3 mRNA, a member of the superoxide generating NADPH oxidase family of proteins recently identified in the cochlea, inhibition of which decreased kidney injury molecule-1 expression. Superoxides 79-89 NADPH oxidase 3 Rattus norvegicus 52-56 26769958-8 2016 The superoxide anion scavenger decreased hypoxia-induced Fas ligand, Fas death receptors, Fas-associated death domain (FADD), activated caspase-8, and activated caspase-3 (Fas-dependent apoptotic pathway) as well as Bad, activated caspase-9 and activated caspase-3 (mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway), endonuclease G (EndoG), apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), and TUNEL-positive apoptosis. Superoxides 4-20 Fas ligand Rattus norvegicus 57-67 26769958-8 2016 The superoxide anion scavenger decreased hypoxia-induced Fas ligand, Fas death receptors, Fas-associated death domain (FADD), activated caspase-8, and activated caspase-3 (Fas-dependent apoptotic pathway) as well as Bad, activated caspase-9 and activated caspase-3 (mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway), endonuclease G (EndoG), apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), and TUNEL-positive apoptosis. Superoxides 4-20 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 161-170 26769958-8 2016 The superoxide anion scavenger decreased hypoxia-induced Fas ligand, Fas death receptors, Fas-associated death domain (FADD), activated caspase-8, and activated caspase-3 (Fas-dependent apoptotic pathway) as well as Bad, activated caspase-9 and activated caspase-3 (mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway), endonuclease G (EndoG), apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), and TUNEL-positive apoptosis. Superoxides 4-20 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 255-264 26769958-9 2016 The superoxide anion scavenger increased IGF-1, IGF-1R, p-PI3k, p-Akt, p-Bad, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL (survival pathway). Superoxides 4-20 insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor Rattus norvegicus 48-54 26769958-9 2016 The superoxide anion scavenger increased IGF-1, IGF-1R, p-PI3k, p-Akt, p-Bad, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL (survival pathway). Superoxides 4-20 Bcl2-like 1 Rattus norvegicus 89-95 26873547-10 2016 Moreover, increased superoxide anion production was observed in the mesenteric resistance arteries of TBT rats accompanied by an increase in gp91phox, catalase, AT1 receptor and total ERK1/2 protein expression. Superoxides 20-36 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 184-190 26873547-11 2016 In conclusion, these findings show that TBT induced alterations are most likely due to a reduction of NO production combined with increased O2(-) production derived from NADPH oxidase and ERK1/2 activation. Superoxides 140-145 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 188-194 26743904-0 2016 Copper Ion from Cu2O Crystal Induces AMPK-Mediated Autophagy via Superoxide in Endothelial Cells. Superoxides 65-75 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 37-41 26743904-8 2016 Cu2O crystals promote endothelial cell death via autophagy, elevate the level of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and nitric oxide, and subsequently activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) through superoxide rather than nitric oxide. Superoxides 212-222 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 198-202 16806053-4 2006 Here we examine critically the evidence that UCP1, UCP2 and UCP3 are stimulated by ROS (superoxide) or ROS products (4-hydroxy-2-nonenal), and that the UCPs actually diminish oxidative damage. Superoxides 88-98 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 51-55 16735966-1 2006 OBJECTIVE: Lymphocyte 5"-nucleotidase is sensitive to superoxide anion, and is an indicator of oxidative stress in humans. Superoxides 54-70 5'-nucleotidase ecto Homo sapiens 22-37 16325162-8 2006 Furthermore, APE1/ref-1 overexpression inhibited the TNF-alpha-induced increase in intracellular superoxide and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Superoxides 97-107 apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 Homo sapiens 13-17 26929451-0 2016 Elevated p62/SQSTM1 determines the fate of autophagy-deficient neural stem cells by increasing superoxide. Superoxides 95-105 sequestosome 1 Mus musculus 9-12 26929451-0 2016 Elevated p62/SQSTM1 determines the fate of autophagy-deficient neural stem cells by increasing superoxide. Superoxides 95-105 sequestosome 1 Mus musculus 13-19 26929451-5 2016 Fip200 and p62 double conditional knockout mice demonstrated that p62 aggregate formation triggers aberrant superoxide increases by impairing superoxide dismutase functions. Superoxides 108-118 RB1-inducible coiled-coil 1 Mus musculus 0-6 26929451-5 2016 Fip200 and p62 double conditional knockout mice demonstrated that p62 aggregate formation triggers aberrant superoxide increases by impairing superoxide dismutase functions. Superoxides 108-118 sequestosome 1 Mus musculus 66-69 26929451-6 2016 By comparing the inhibition of autophagy by deletion of Atg5, Atg16L1, or Atg7 with Fip200 deletion, we revealed a critical role of increased p62 in determining the fate of autophagy-deficient NSCs through intracellular superoxide control. Superoxides 220-230 sequestosome 1 Mus musculus 142-145 16325162-8 2006 Furthermore, APE1/ref-1 overexpression inhibited the TNF-alpha-induced increase in intracellular superoxide and p38 MAPK phosphorylation. Superoxides 97-107 apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 Homo sapiens 18-23 16325162-10 2006 Furthermore, APE1/ref-1 may inhibit VCAM-1 expression by inhibiting superoxide production and p38 MAPK activation. Superoxides 68-78 apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 Homo sapiens 13-17 26768586-7 2016 Over-expression of NOX4 or p66(shc) suppressed the inhibitory effects of GB on superoxide generation and the protective effects of GB on loss of cell viability and apoptosis associated with cisplatin. Superoxides 79-89 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 19-23 16325162-10 2006 Furthermore, APE1/ref-1 may inhibit VCAM-1 expression by inhibiting superoxide production and p38 MAPK activation. Superoxides 68-78 apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 Homo sapiens 18-23 16085672-10 2006 These results demonstrate a pivotal role for gp91phox-dependent superoxide production in the pathogenesis of CH-induced PAH. Superoxides 64-74 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 45-53 16563235-2 2006 Previously we demonstrated that the Nox4 subunit of NADPH oxidase is a critical catalytic component for superoxide production in quiescent vascular smooth muscle cells. Superoxides 104-114 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 36-40 16563235-3 2006 In this study we sought to determine the role of Nox4 in superoxide production in human aortic smooth muscle cells (AoSMC) and embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells under proinflammatory conditions. Superoxides 57-67 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 49-53 16563235-8 2006 We suggest that Nox4 may be involved in increased superoxide generation in vascular smooth muscle cells under proinflammatory conditions. Superoxides 50-60 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 16-20 16472678-5 2006 For example, an oxidase activator (p47phox or Noxo1) and an oxidase activator (p67phox or Noxa1) are absolutely required for superoxide production by gp91phox and Nox1, but not by Nox3. Superoxides 125-135 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 79-86 16472678-5 2006 For example, an oxidase activator (p47phox or Noxo1) and an oxidase activator (p67phox or Noxa1) are absolutely required for superoxide production by gp91phox and Nox1, but not by Nox3. Superoxides 125-135 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 163-167 16150729-9 2005 Dihydroethidium fluorescence showed decreased superoxide generation due to PDIasODN. Superoxides 46-56 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 75-83 16281056-1 2005 We have created P1 artificial chromosome transgenic mice expressing the human mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and thus generated mice with a physiologically controlled augmentation of SOD2 expression leading to increased SOD2 enzyme activities and lowered superoxide levels. Superoxides 92-102 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 116-120 16485861-2 2005 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) plays a major role in protecting the mitochondrion from oxidative damage due to superoxide radicals and other excited oxygen species. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 15964927-9 2005 The inhibitors of the Cl- channel, NPPB (0.1 mM) or DIDS (100 microM), partially prevented activation of superoxide-dependent current but were unable to reverse it. Superoxides 105-115 natriuretic peptide B Homo sapiens 35-39 16215873-2 2005 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is critical to management of oxidative stress by catalyzing the formation of hydrogen peroxide from two superoxide anions. Superoxides 143-160 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-30 16215873-2 2005 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is critical to management of oxidative stress by catalyzing the formation of hydrogen peroxide from two superoxide anions. Superoxides 143-160 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 16294028-9 2005 Increasing mitochondrial superoxide levels also increased the expression of Nox1 in parental cells. Superoxides 25-35 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 76-80 16322235-8 2005 Furthermore, the exogenous production of O2*- by the redox cycling compound menadione induced MEK-1-independent cellular growth and p42/44 MAPK phosphorylation in TSC2-/- cells but not in TSC2+/+ cells. Superoxides 41-43 mitogen activated protein kinase kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 94-99 16373854-5 2005 Using mice that are completely deficient in gp91phox (a subunit protein of the superoxide producing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NADPH] oxidase), we found that CH-enhanced PA constriction to ET-1 was completely blocked (decreases in mean [+/- SE] maximal isometric tension from 5.43 +/- 0.35 to 3.33 +/- 0.19 mN; n = 7; p < 0.01). Superoxides 79-89 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 44-52 16373854-10 2005 Our results demonstrate that the CH-enhanced PA constrictor response to ET-1 is mediated by NADPH oxidase (gp91phox)-derived superoxide overproduction that may contribute to the pathogenesis of CH-induced PH. Superoxides 125-135 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 107-115 16287844-5 2005 Our results suggest that the MEC1 pathway in sod1Delta mutant strains is sensitive to the altered cellular redox state due to increased superoxide anions and establish a new relationship between SOD1, LYS7, and the MEC1-mediated checkpoint response to replication arrest and DNA damage in S. cerevisiae. Superoxides 136-153 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 195-199 16287844-5 2005 Our results suggest that the MEC1 pathway in sod1Delta mutant strains is sensitive to the altered cellular redox state due to increased superoxide anions and establish a new relationship between SOD1, LYS7, and the MEC1-mediated checkpoint response to replication arrest and DNA damage in S. cerevisiae. Superoxides 136-153 copper chaperone CCS1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 201-205 16301341-6 2005 Superoxide production increased after MI in both NOS1(-/-) and WT animals, although NO increased only in WT. Superoxides 0-10 nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal Mus musculus 49-53 16179351-2 2005 The manganese-containing SOD (Mn-SOD) has been suggested to have tumor suppressor function and is located in the mitochondria where the majority of O(2)(-) is generated during respiration. Superoxides 148-152 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 4-28 16179351-2 2005 The manganese-containing SOD (Mn-SOD) has been suggested to have tumor suppressor function and is located in the mitochondria where the majority of O(2)(-) is generated during respiration. Superoxides 148-152 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 30-36 16179351-6 2005 In experimental systems, suppression of Mn-SOD expression by small interfering RNA caused a 70% increase of superoxide in ovarian cancer cells, leading to stimulation of cell proliferation in vitro and more aggressive tumor growth in vivo. Superoxides 108-118 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 40-46 16179351-7 2005 Furthermore, stimulation of mitochondrial O(2)(-) production induced an increase of Mn-SOD expression. Superoxides 42-49 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 84-90 16179351-8 2005 Our findings suggest that the increase in Mn-SOD expression in ovarian cancer is a cellular response to intrinsic ROS stress and that scavenging of superoxide by SOD may alleviate the ROS stress and thus reduce the simulating effect of ROS on cell growth. Superoxides 148-158 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 42-48 15972387-3 2005 It was found that intracellular O(2)-* levels in these cells were increased in parallel to the elevation of pH(i) by outflow of H(+) induced via NH(4)Cl loading followed by rapid removal. Superoxides 32-36 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Homo sapiens 108-113 26715682-2 2016 In particular, the superoxide-generating type 1 NADPH oxidase (NOX1) has been shown to be induced and play a pivotal role in early phases of mouse models of atherosclerosis and in the context of diabetes mellitus. Superoxides 19-29 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 63-67 26418124-0 2016 Inhibition of Mitochondrial Fission Protein Reduced Mechanical Allodynia and Suppressed Spinal Mitochondrial Superoxide Induced by Perineural Human Immunodeficiency Virus gp120 in Rats. Superoxides 109-119 Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor Human immunodeficiency virus 1 171-176 26418124-15 2016 Furthermore, both intrathecal Drp1 antisense ODN and mdivi-1 reversed the upregulation of mitochondrial superoxide in the spinal dorsal horn in the gp120 neuropathic pain state. Superoxides 104-114 Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor Human immunodeficiency virus 1 148-153 26598510-7 2016 The protection from fibrotic remodelling was mediated by suppression of Smad2-dependent myofibroblast transdifferentiation and inhibition of Nox2-dependent atrial superoxide formation. Superoxides 163-173 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 141-145 26828873-11 2016 Moreover, beta3-AGO reduced BH4 and NO production and increased superoxide production, which was inhibited by the specific iNOS inhibitor, 1400w beta3-AGO also increased iNOS but decreased eNOS and had no effect on nNOS expression in AF. Superoxides 64-74 nitric oxide synthase 2 Canis lupus familiaris 123-127 26470784-8 2016 Moreover, upregulation of calpain-1 specifically in mitochondria induced the cleavage of ATP5A1, superoxide generation, and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes. Superoxides 97-107 calpain 1 Mus musculus 26-35 26899340-4 2016 As mitochondria are the main site of superoxide production, among SODs, mitochondrial manganese SOD (MnSOD) is the primary antioxidant enzyme that protects cells from ROS. Superoxides 37-47 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 86-99 26899340-4 2016 As mitochondria are the main site of superoxide production, among SODs, mitochondrial manganese SOD (MnSOD) is the primary antioxidant enzyme that protects cells from ROS. Superoxides 37-47 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 101-106 26709664-5 2016 Activation of Nsm is associated with a massive release of superoxide. Superoxides 58-68 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 14-17 26709664-6 2016 Genetic knock-down of Nsm in RAW cells prevented superoxide production upon BCG infection. Superoxides 49-59 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 22-25 26709664-7 2016 Superoxide suppressed autophagy in BCG-infected macrophages in vitro and in vivo: Knock-down of Nsm or inhibition of superoxide restored autophagy in macrophages and increased killing of intracellular bacteria upon BCG infection. Superoxides 0-10 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 96-99 26709664-9 2016 These findings indicate that the Nsm/ceramide system plays a role in protecting mice against systemic tuberculosis by preventing superoxide-mediated inhibition of autophagy. Superoxides 129-139 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 33-36 26548865-0 2016 Activation of Mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein 4 and ATP-Sensitive Potassium Channel Cumulatively Decreases Superoxide Production in Insect Mitochondria. Superoxides 108-118 solute carrier family 25 member 27 Homo sapiens 14-48 26548865-1 2016 It has been evidenced that mitochondrial uncoupling protein 4 (UCP4) and ATP-regulated potassium channel (mKATP channel) of insect Gromphadorhina coqereliana mitochondria decrease superoxide anion production. Superoxides 180-196 solute carrier family 25 member 27 Homo sapiens 27-61 26548865-1 2016 It has been evidenced that mitochondrial uncoupling protein 4 (UCP4) and ATP-regulated potassium channel (mKATP channel) of insect Gromphadorhina coqereliana mitochondria decrease superoxide anion production. Superoxides 180-196 solute carrier family 25 member 27 Homo sapiens 63-67 26548865-3 2016 Our data show that the simultaneous activation of UCP4 by palmitic acid and mKATP channel by pinacidil revealed a cumulative effect on weakening mitochondrial superoxide formation. Superoxides 159-169 solute carrier family 25 member 27 Homo sapiens 50-54 26548865-4 2016 The inhibition of UCP4 by GTP (and/or ATP) and mKATP channel by ATP elevated superoxide production. Superoxides 77-87 solute carrier family 25 member 27 Homo sapiens 18-22 26652025-9 2015 Next, we used AdSOD2 to upregulate SOD2 prior to HG exposure and thereby noted reduction in superoxide generation. Superoxides 92-102 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 16-20 26640170-6 2015 Mechanistic analysis in cultured pulmonary epithelial cells (A549) suggests that STC1 inhibits thrombin-induced and PAR1-mediated ERK activation through suppression of superoxide. Superoxides 168-178 stanniocalcin 1 Mus musculus 81-85 16179589-7 2005 Small interference RNA against Nox4 downregulates Nox4 mRNA by 80+/-5%, inhibits NADPH-driven superoxide production in response to TGF-beta1 by 65+/-7%, and reduces TGF-beta1-induced expression of SM alpha-actin by 95+/-2% (n=6, P<0.05). Superoxides 94-104 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 31-35 26630486-7 2015 Increasing VDE expression in eto1-1 and ctr1-3 restored light-activated de-epoxidation and qE, reduced superoxide production and reduced photoinhibition. Superoxides 103-113 Protein kinase superfamily protein Arabidopsis thaliana 40-46 16230378-4 2005 Nox4 is an NADP(H) oxidase that generates signaling levels of superoxide and is found in greatest abundance in the distal renal tubules. Superoxides 62-72 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-4 16238794-6 2005 RESULTS: (R,S)-albuterol inhibited IL-5-induced superoxide production. Superoxides 48-58 interleukin 5 Homo sapiens 35-39 26542482-9 2015 UCP2 requires activation by superoxide and lipid peroxidation derivatives. Superoxides 28-38 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 26436856-5 2015 Untreated and O2.- treated FeSOD and MnSOD predominantly show 5 d-electron systems, i.e. Fe(3+) and Mn(2+). Superoxides 14-16 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 37-42 16238794-8 2005 In addition, (R)-albuterol alone, similarly to (R,S)-albuterol, significantly inhibited IL-5-induced superoxide production up to 60 min (P<0.05, n=4), but the inhibition was lost with longer incubation. Superoxides 101-111 interleukin 5 Homo sapiens 88-92 16238794-9 2005 In contrast, (S)-albuterol with IBMX did not inhibit IL-5-induced superoxide production before 60 min, but it significantly enhanced IL-5-mediated superoxide production after 60 min (P<0.05, n=4). Superoxides 147-157 interleukin 5 Homo sapiens 133-137 16049136-2 2005 Exposure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells to Ang-1 (50 ng/ml) induced rapid and transient production of ROS, particularly superoxide anions. Superoxides 131-148 angiopoietin 1 Homo sapiens 54-59 26414010-7 2015 Nox4 activity correlated with an increase in superoxide formation. Superoxides 45-55 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-4 26400460-1 2015 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), encoded by the SOD2 gene, is involved in the detoxification of superoxide anion. Superoxides 103-119 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-30 26400460-1 2015 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), encoded by the SOD2 gene, is involved in the detoxification of superoxide anion. Superoxides 103-119 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 26400460-1 2015 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), encoded by the SOD2 gene, is involved in the detoxification of superoxide anion. Superoxides 103-119 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 55-59 16086438-0 2005 Expression of NOX1, a superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase, in colon cancer and inflammatory bowel disease. Superoxides 22-32 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 14-18 16129811-10 2005 Although there were no changes in expression of the NADPH oxidase subunits, the increase in superoxide production was accompanied by an increase in GTP-loaded Rac1, an activator of the NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 92-102 Rac family small GTPase 1 Sus scrofa 159-163 15949904-1 2005 The activity of gp91phox, the catalytic subunit of the superoxide-generating respiratory burst oxidase, is stimulated by the regulatory subunits p47phox, p67phox and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 55-65 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 154-161 15774769-1 2005 Decreased levels of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an absolute cofactor for nitric oxide synthase (NOS), lead to uncoupling of NOS into a superoxide v. nitric oxide producing enzyme, and it is this uncoupling that links it to the development of vascular disease. Superoxides 134-144 nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal Mus musculus 72-93 15774769-6 2005 Hph-1 mice exhibited lower NOS activity (2.8 +/- 0.3 vs. 4.5 +/- 0.4 pmol/min/mg protein, P < 0.01), and higher aortic superoxide content (5.2 +/- 2.0 x 10(5) cpm vs. 1.6 +/- 0.7 x 10(5) cpm, P < 0.01) compared with wild-type controls, indicating uncoupling of NOS. Superoxides 122-132 hyperphenylalaninemia 1 Mus musculus 0-5 15774769-7 2005 Treatment of hph-1 mice with BH4 significantly increased NOS activity (from 2.8 +/- 0.3 to 4.1 +/- 0.4 pmol.min(-1).mg protein(-1), P < 0.05), and attenuated superoxide production (from 5.2 +/- 2.0 x 10(5) cpm to 0.8 +/- 0.7 x 10(5) cpm, P < 0.05). Superoxides 161-171 hyperphenylalaninemia 1 Mus musculus 13-18 15821013-7 2005 In addition, a neutralizing antibody against TGF-beta1 abolished the cyclic stretch-dependent increases in both superoxide generation and VEGF expression. Superoxides 112-122 transforming growth factor beta-1 proprotein Ovis aries 45-54 15769933-12 2005 We conclude that the high NaCl-induced increase in ROS, including superoxide, contributes to activation of TonEBP/OREBP by increasing its transactivation. Superoxides 66-76 nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 Homo sapiens 107-113 15769933-12 2005 We conclude that the high NaCl-induced increase in ROS, including superoxide, contributes to activation of TonEBP/OREBP by increasing its transactivation. Superoxides 66-76 nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 Homo sapiens 114-119 16024627-3 2005 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is an important antioxidant enzyme encoded by the SOD2 gene that attenuates oxidative free radicals in the mitochondria by catalyzing the formation of hydrogen peroxide from superoxide radicals. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 26223840-12 2015 Mechanistic studies revealed that both the SP receptor neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) and the superoxide-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase (NOX2) were necessary for SP-mediated chemotaxis in microglia. Superoxides 92-102 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 135-139 26337205-9 2015 Inhibiting glycolysis increased superoxide and blocked autophagy in apoptosis-resistant cells, causing p62-dependent caspase-8 activation. Superoxides 32-42 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 117-126 26246018-9 2015 Upregulation of calpain-1 specifically in mitochondria sufficiently induced superoxide generation and proinflammatory response, both of which were attenuated by ATP5A1 overexpression or mitochondria-targeted superoxide dismutase mimetics. Superoxides 76-86 calpain 1 Mus musculus 16-25 16024627-3 2005 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is an important antioxidant enzyme encoded by the SOD2 gene that attenuates oxidative free radicals in the mitochondria by catalyzing the formation of hydrogen peroxide from superoxide radicals. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 89-93 26001727-2 2015 Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activation by TNFalpha requires endosomal superoxide production by Nox1. Superoxides 77-87 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 102-106 15894290-2 2005 Since PDT with the photosensitizer phthalocyanine Pc 4 induces mitochondrial damage and the superoxide scavenger manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is localized to mitochondria, here we tested genetically the role of MnSOD in apoptosis and ceramide accumulation after photosensitization with Pc 4. Superoxides 92-102 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 113-143 26267493-6 2015 Addition of the superoxide scavenger 4-hydroxy TEMPO to the culture medium of heat-stressed cells restored mitochondrial superoxide and intracellular ROS levels as well as NOX4 and HO-1 mRNA levels to near-normal values. Superoxides 16-26 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 172-176 26267493-7 2015 We suggest that mitochondrial superoxide production could play an influential role in augmenting oxidative damage to avian muscle cells, possibly via the up-regulation of NOX4 and down-regulation of HO-1 in heat-stressed avian muscle cells. Superoxides 30-40 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 171-175 15894290-2 2005 Since PDT with the photosensitizer phthalocyanine Pc 4 induces mitochondrial damage and the superoxide scavenger manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is localized to mitochondria, here we tested genetically the role of MnSOD in apoptosis and ceramide accumulation after photosensitization with Pc 4. Superoxides 92-102 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 145-150 15894290-6 2005 The data show that MnSOD affects sensitivity of cells to Pc 4-PDT-initiated apoptosis, and partly ceramide accumulation, suggesting that the processes are superoxide-mediated. Superoxides 155-165 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 19-24 25284589-6 2015 Hace1 targets the Rac1 GTPase for degradation at Rac1-dependent NADPH oxidase complexes, blocking superoxide generation by the latter. Superoxides 98-108 Rac family small GTPase 1 Mus musculus 18-22 25284589-6 2015 Hace1 targets the Rac1 GTPase for degradation at Rac1-dependent NADPH oxidase complexes, blocking superoxide generation by the latter. Superoxides 98-108 Rac family small GTPase 1 Mus musculus 49-53 15922319-5 2005 Inhibitors of NAD(P)H oxidase, PKC, and the AT1 receptor were employed to study their effects on superoxide production. Superoxides 97-107 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 44-47 25933618-1 2015 AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: Oxidative stress and microvascular damage have been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy, with manganese superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) responsible for superoxide detoxification in mitochondria. Superoxides 139-149 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 163-167 15922319-6 2005 RESULTS: Superoxide production was stimulated by AngII and PMA and attenuated by AT1 receptor antagonists (mean percentage reduction 80.2%, P<0.01) and inhibitors of PKC (mean reduction 94.8%, P<0.001) and NAD(P)H oxidase (mean reduction 100%, P< 0.001). Superoxides 9-19 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 81-84 15922319-7 2005 CONCLUSIONS: AngII stimulates platelet superoxide production through activation of vascular NAD(P)H oxidase via the AT1 receptor and PKC. Superoxides 39-49 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 116-119 15883815-4 2005 A polymorphism (Ala-9Val) in the mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS) of the MnSOD gene has been proposed to affect protein localization and thereby influence cellular defence against superoxide radicals. Superoxides 186-196 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 79-84 25841779-0 2015 Transforming growth factor beta-interacting factor-induced malignant progression of hepatocellular carcinoma cells depends on superoxide production from Nox4. Superoxides 126-136 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 153-157 15963782-0 2005 A stress-induced, superoxide-mediated caspase-1 activation pathway causes plasma IL-18 upregulation. Superoxides 18-28 caspase 1 Mus musculus 38-47 25841779-7 2015 Overexpression of TGIF in HepG2 cells increased superoxide production from Nox4, matrix metalloproteinase expression, invadopodia formation, and cellular migration/invasion ability. Superoxides 48-58 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 75-79 15963782-0 2005 A stress-induced, superoxide-mediated caspase-1 activation pathway causes plasma IL-18 upregulation. Superoxides 18-28 interleukin 18 Mus musculus 81-86 25062711-4 2015 Of note, xanthine oxidoreductase is synthesized as xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and needs to be converted to XO to become a source of superoxide. Superoxides 134-144 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 9-32 15963782-3 2005 In the adrenal cortex, the stress induced IL-18 precursor proteins (pro-IL-18) via adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and a superoxide-mediated caspase-1 activation pathway, resulting in conversion of pro-IL-18 to the mature form, which was released into plasma. Superoxides 124-134 interleukin 18 Mus musculus 42-47 25062711-4 2015 Of note, xanthine oxidoreductase is synthesized as xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and needs to be converted to XO to become a source of superoxide. Superoxides 134-144 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 51-73 15963782-3 2005 In the adrenal cortex, the stress induced IL-18 precursor proteins (pro-IL-18) via adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and a superoxide-mediated caspase-1 activation pathway, resulting in conversion of pro-IL-18 to the mature form, which was released into plasma. Superoxides 124-134 interleukin 18 Mus musculus 72-77 25062711-4 2015 Of note, xanthine oxidoreductase is synthesized as xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and needs to be converted to XO to become a source of superoxide. Superoxides 134-144 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 75-78 25062711-15 2015 In addition, XDH mRNA increased after H/R, indicating a de novo XDH synthesis, which needs to be converted to XO to become a source of superoxide. Superoxides 135-145 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 13-16 15963782-3 2005 In the adrenal cortex, the stress induced IL-18 precursor proteins (pro-IL-18) via adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and a superoxide-mediated caspase-1 activation pathway, resulting in conversion of pro-IL-18 to the mature form, which was released into plasma. Superoxides 124-134 caspase 1 Mus musculus 144-153 25062711-15 2015 In addition, XDH mRNA increased after H/R, indicating a de novo XDH synthesis, which needs to be converted to XO to become a source of superoxide. Superoxides 135-145 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 64-67 15963782-3 2005 In the adrenal cortex, the stress induced IL-18 precursor proteins (pro-IL-18) via adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and a superoxide-mediated caspase-1 activation pathway, resulting in conversion of pro-IL-18 to the mature form, which was released into plasma. Superoxides 124-134 interleukin 18 Mus musculus 72-77 15968398-3 2005 In this study, we report that platelets express syndecan-4, an antithrombin-binding cell surface heparan sulphate proteoglycan, whose ligation with antithrombin inhibits activated platelet-dependent superoxide anion release from neutrophils by the limitation of adenosine diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate secretion in activated platelets. Superoxides 199-215 syndecan 4 Homo sapiens 48-58 25962580-4 2015 alpha-MSH and related melanocortins have been shown in rodents and people to impair neutrophil function by decreasing superoxide production (known as oxidative burst activity), migration and adhesion. Superoxides 118-128 pro-opiomelanocortin Equus caballus 0-9 15917810-5 2005 UCP1 expression also increases superoxide production and decreases the availability of nitric oxide, evidence of oxidative stress. Superoxides 31-41 uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 0-4 26182379-7 2015 Furthermore, PGC-1alpha overexpression inhibited the decrease in nitric oxide (NO) generation and the increase in superoxide anion (O2 (-)) production in DOCA-salt-treated mice, in parallel with improved endothelium-dependent relaxation. Superoxides 114-130 peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha Mus musculus 13-23 26182379-7 2015 Furthermore, PGC-1alpha overexpression inhibited the decrease in nitric oxide (NO) generation and the increase in superoxide anion (O2 (-)) production in DOCA-salt-treated mice, in parallel with improved endothelium-dependent relaxation. Superoxides 132-134 peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha Mus musculus 13-23 15681189-5 2005 During an operation with four strains, i.e., EBHJ2, DP1, DK1 and DPD2794, which are responsive to superoxide damage (EBHJ2 and DP1), hydrogen peroxide (DK1), and DNA damage (DPD2794), the O.D. Superoxides 98-108 prostaglandin D2 receptor Homo sapiens 52-55 15706094-5 2005 Indeed, HSF1 deficiency caused a 37% decrease in renal cellular GSH/GSSG ratio, a marker of redox status, and a 40% increase in the rate of mitochondrial superoxide generation in Hsf1 knockout compared with wild-type mice. Superoxides 154-164 heat shock factor 1 Mus musculus 179-183 15780992-6 2005 SET complex nuclear translocation, which occurs within minutes of peroxide or GzmA treatment, is dependent on superoxide generation since superoxide scavengers block it. Superoxides 110-120 granzyme A Homo sapiens 78-82 25684282-0 2015 Suppression of neutrophil superoxide generation by BNP is attenuated in acute heart failure: a case for "BNP resistance". Superoxides 26-36 natriuretic peptide B Homo sapiens 51-54 25684282-2 2015 BNP is known to exert anti-inflammatory effects including suppression of neutrophil superoxide (O2(-)) release. Superoxides 84-94 natriuretic peptide B Homo sapiens 0-3 25684282-2 2015 BNP is known to exert anti-inflammatory effects including suppression of neutrophil superoxide (O2(-)) release. Superoxides 96-101 natriuretic peptide B Homo sapiens 0-3 15780992-6 2005 SET complex nuclear translocation, which occurs within minutes of peroxide or GzmA treatment, is dependent on superoxide generation since superoxide scavengers block it. Superoxides 138-148 granzyme A Homo sapiens 78-82 25684282-8 2015 In acute HF patients, the suppressing effect of BNP (1 micromol/L) on O2(-) generation was attenuated relative to that in healthy subjects (P < 0.05 for both PMA and fMLP). Superoxides 70-72 natriuretic peptide B Homo sapiens 48-51 15780992-7 2005 Superoxide scavengers also block apoptosis by CTLs expressing GzmA and/or GzmB. Superoxides 0-10 granzyme A Homo sapiens 62-66 15591124-9 2005 Finally, we show that PKCdelta-deficient monocytes produce significantly less superoxide anion in response to ZOP stimulation, thus emphasizing the functional significance of the PKCdelta regulation of p67phox phosphorylation. Superoxides 78-94 protein kinase C delta Homo sapiens 22-30 15591124-9 2005 Finally, we show that PKCdelta-deficient monocytes produce significantly less superoxide anion in response to ZOP stimulation, thus emphasizing the functional significance of the PKCdelta regulation of p67phox phosphorylation. Superoxides 78-94 protein kinase C delta Homo sapiens 179-187 15591124-9 2005 Finally, we show that PKCdelta-deficient monocytes produce significantly less superoxide anion in response to ZOP stimulation, thus emphasizing the functional significance of the PKCdelta regulation of p67phox phosphorylation. Superoxides 78-94 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 202-209 15664623-3 2005 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes catalyze the breakdown of superoxide into hydrogen peroxide and water and are therefore central regulators of ROS levels. Superoxides 61-71 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 0-20 25848038-0 2015 Endothelin-1 critically influences cardiac function via superoxide-MMP9 cascade. Superoxides 56-66 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Mus musculus 67-71 25848038-7 2015 A superoxide dismutase mimetic made superoxide levels subnormal, reduced Mmp9 overexpression, and substantially improved cardiac function. Superoxides 2-12 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Mus musculus 73-77 15664623-3 2005 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes catalyze the breakdown of superoxide into hydrogen peroxide and water and are therefore central regulators of ROS levels. Superoxides 61-71 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 22-25 15637297-0 2005 A defect of neuronal nitric oxide synthase increases xanthine oxidase-derived superoxide anion and attenuates the control of myocardial oxygen consumption by nitric oxide derived from endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Superoxides 78-94 nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal Mus musculus 12-42 25688091-6 2015 Focusing on the i-AAA protease Yme1, a mitochondrial quality control protein that degrades misfolded proteins, we determined that in cells lacking both Yme1 and Taz1 function, there were substantive mitochondrial ultrastructural defects, ineffective superoxide scavenging, and a severe defect in mitophagy. Superoxides 250-260 i-AAA protease YME1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 31-35 25688091-6 2015 Focusing on the i-AAA protease Yme1, a mitochondrial quality control protein that degrades misfolded proteins, we determined that in cells lacking both Yme1 and Taz1 function, there were substantive mitochondrial ultrastructural defects, ineffective superoxide scavenging, and a severe defect in mitophagy. Superoxides 250-260 lysophosphatidylcholine acyltransferase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 161-165 25477283-4 2015 PON3 deficiency resulted in impaired mitochondrial respiration, increased mitochondrial superoxide levels, and increased hepatic expression of inflammatory genes. Superoxides 88-98 paraoxonase 3 Mus musculus 0-4 15637297-10 2005 There was an increase in lucigenin-detectable superoxide anion (O2-) in cardiac tissues from nNOS-/- compared with WT. Superoxides 46-62 nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal Mus musculus 93-97 15710429-1 2005 We previously reported that hypertrophy of vascular smooth muscle cells caused by prostaglandin (PG) F2alpha is mediated by the induction of NOX1, a catalytic subunit of NADPH oxidase that generates superoxide. Superoxides 199-209 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 141-145 25619142-6 2015 Singlet-oxygen-dependent activation of the FAS receptor and caspase-8 increased superoxide anion generation by NOX1 and amplification of singlet oxygen generation, which allowed singlet-oxygen-dependent inactivation of catalase. Superoxides 80-96 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 60-69 25619142-6 2015 Singlet-oxygen-dependent activation of the FAS receptor and caspase-8 increased superoxide anion generation by NOX1 and amplification of singlet oxygen generation, which allowed singlet-oxygen-dependent inactivation of catalase. Superoxides 80-96 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 111-115 15492012-6 2005 This study also showed that overexpression of a dominant negative Rac1 was sufficient to abolish arsenic-induced O2*- production, implying that Rac1 activities are required for Cdc42-mediated NADPH oxidase activation in response to arsenic stimulation. Superoxides 113-117 Rac family small GTPase 1 Mus musculus 66-70 25893083-7 2015 nNOS forms nitric oxide (NO), which reacts with superoxide (O2 (-)) to form peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)). Superoxides 48-58 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 25893083-7 2015 nNOS forms nitric oxide (NO), which reacts with superoxide (O2 (-)) to form peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)). Superoxides 60-62 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 15492012-6 2005 This study also showed that overexpression of a dominant negative Rac1 was sufficient to abolish arsenic-induced O2*- production, implying that Rac1 activities are required for Cdc42-mediated NADPH oxidase activation in response to arsenic stimulation. Superoxides 113-117 cell division cycle 42 Mus musculus 177-182 25893083-11 2015 NADPH oxidase (NOX1) transfers electrons across cellular membranes, producing O2 (-). Superoxides 78-84 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 15-19 15469954-1 2005 Primary cultures of guinea pig gastric mucosal cells express NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1), a homolog of gp91(phox), and produce superoxide anion (O2-) at a rate of approximately 100 nmol.mg protein(-1).h(-1) in response to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from virulent type I strains. Superoxides 122-138 NADPH oxidase 1 Cavia porcellus 78-82 15469954-7 2005 O2- production inhibited by LY-294002 was completely restored by transfection of an adenoviral vector encoding a constitutively active Rac1 but not an inactive Rac1 or a constitutively active Cdc42. Superoxides 0-2 ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 Cavia porcellus 135-139 15469954-7 2005 O2- production inhibited by LY-294002 was completely restored by transfection of an adenoviral vector encoding a constitutively active Rac1 but not an inactive Rac1 or a constitutively active Cdc42. Superoxides 0-2 ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 Cavia porcellus 160-164 25804229-12 2015 In turn, activation of MMPs via superoxide-depending regulation allows tumor cells to facilitate migration, invasion and finally - formation of metastatic centers. Superoxides 32-42 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Rattus norvegicus 23-27 15469954-9 2005 Thus the H. pylori LPS-stimulated O2- production in gastric mucosal cells appears to require two distinct events: 1) transcriptional upregulation of Nox1 and NOXO1 and 2) activation of Rac1. Superoxides 34-36 NADPH oxidase 1 Cavia porcellus 149-153 15469954-9 2005 Thus the H. pylori LPS-stimulated O2- production in gastric mucosal cells appears to require two distinct events: 1) transcriptional upregulation of Nox1 and NOXO1 and 2) activation of Rac1. Superoxides 34-36 ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 Cavia porcellus 185-189 15639489-4 2005 Hence, we examined the role of Nox4, a gp91phox homologue, in superoxide production in mouse-cultured VSMCs. Superoxides 62-72 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 31-35 25529920-6 2015 Inhibition of Nox2 prevented superoxide overproduction, restored lysosome acidification and enzyme activity, and reduced autophagosome accumulation in palmitate-treated CMs. Superoxides 29-39 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 14-18 15639489-6 2005 Superoxide production was inhibited by the NADPH oxidase inhibitors, diphenyleneiodonium and apocynin, but not by inhibitors of other potential sources of superoxide. Superoxides 0-10 2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 1, mitochondrial Mus musculus 43-48 15639489-7 2005 In unstimulated VSMCs, phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides against Nox4 down-regulated mRNA expression of the subunit by 65% and attenuated superoxide production by 41% without affecting Nox1 expression. Superoxides 148-158 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 75-79 15631452-2 2005 Furthermore, effects of glutathione, cytochrome P450 reductase/NADPH, and diaphorase/NADH are relatively small on the fluorescing process of probe 3 with X = Y = F, which is useful to detect O2-* released from neutrophils stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate with satisfactory sensitivity. Superoxides 191-193 dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 37-84 16403978-5 2005 Contrary, superoxide inactivates IRP1 by a direct chemical attack being limited to the intracellular compartment. Superoxides 10-20 aconitase 1 Homo sapiens 33-37 16107761-3 2005 Work by our group and that of others have shown that stimulation of mast cells through the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcepsilonRI) induces the production of ROS such as superoxide and H2O2 possibly by the phagocyte NADPH oxidase homologue and that these endogenously produced oxidants have important functions in regulation of various mast cell responses, including degranulation, leukotriene secretion, and cytokine production. Superoxides 170-180 Fc epsilon receptor Ia Homo sapiens 119-130 15917991-8 2005 Furthermore, transfection of an active mutant of MEK1 (ERK 1/2 kinase) markedly increased superoxide production in rat aortic smooth muscle cells, as detected by dihydroethydium staining, suggesting that ERK 1/2 activation stimulates ROS generation. Superoxides 90-100 mitogen activated protein kinase kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 49-53 15917991-8 2005 Furthermore, transfection of an active mutant of MEK1 (ERK 1/2 kinase) markedly increased superoxide production in rat aortic smooth muscle cells, as detected by dihydroethydium staining, suggesting that ERK 1/2 activation stimulates ROS generation. Superoxides 90-100 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 55-62 15917991-8 2005 Furthermore, transfection of an active mutant of MEK1 (ERK 1/2 kinase) markedly increased superoxide production in rat aortic smooth muscle cells, as detected by dihydroethydium staining, suggesting that ERK 1/2 activation stimulates ROS generation. Superoxides 90-100 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 204-211 15513946-3 2005 This study also shows that TALK-1 and TALK-2 channels, expressed in Xenopus oocytes, are strongly and specifically activated by nitric oxide (obtained with a mixture of sodium nitroprussate (SNP) and dithiothreitol (DTT)), superoxide anion (obtained with xanthine and xanthine oxidase) and singlet oxygen (obtained upon photoactivation of rose bengal, and with chloramine T). Superoxides 223-239 potassium channel, two pore domain subfamily K, member 16 L homeolog Xenopus laevis 27-33 15638999-10 2005 Furthermore, plumbagin inhibited the superoxide production in Nox-4 transfected COS-7 cells. Superoxides 37-47 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 62-67 25596430-10 2015 Both antioxidants and COX-2 inhibitors normalized superoxide anion production, NADPH oxidase activity and mRNA levels of NOX-1, NOX-4 and COX-2. Superoxides 50-66 cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 22-27 24928309-9 2015 Netrin-1 further reduced mitochondrial swelling and mitochondrial superoxide production, which was absent when co-treated with PTIO or UO126, or in DCC+/-mice, indicating critical roles of DCC, ERK1/2 and NO in preserving mitochondrial integrity. Superoxides 66-76 netrin 1 Mus musculus 0-8 25187363-4 2015 This correlates with lower tissue reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration and higher NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) expression, consistent with increased superoxide generation and oxidative stress. Superoxides 146-156 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 102-106 15823721-2 2005 Under these circumstances, superoxide within the mitochondrial matrix directly activates uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2), and may also promote induction of this protein. Superoxides 27-37 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 89-109 15823721-2 2005 Under these circumstances, superoxide within the mitochondrial matrix directly activates uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2), and may also promote induction of this protein. Superoxides 27-37 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 111-115 15610954-2 2005 The major intracellular antioxidant enzymes, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase in the cytoplasm and manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) in the mitochondria, rapidly and specifically reduce superoxide radicals to hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 57-67 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 99-129 15610954-2 2005 The major intracellular antioxidant enzymes, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase in the cytoplasm and manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) in the mitochondria, rapidly and specifically reduce superoxide radicals to hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 57-67 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 131-137 15534883-2 2004 Manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radicals, a major type of ROS, into hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-36 25012175-3 2015 Stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) suppresses superoxide generation through induction of uncoupling proteins (UCPs), and transgenic overexpression of STC1 inhibits reactive oxygen species and protects from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) kidney injury. Superoxides 34-44 stanniocalcin 1 Mus musculus 0-15 25012175-3 2015 Stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) suppresses superoxide generation through induction of uncoupling proteins (UCPs), and transgenic overexpression of STC1 inhibits reactive oxygen species and protects from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) kidney injury. Superoxides 34-44 stanniocalcin 1 Mus musculus 17-21 15574738-3 2004 We found that, after large stimulus-induced [Ca2+]i increases, O2- selectively produced by mitochondria near plasmalemmal sites of Ca2+ entry acts as a modulator to upregulate the two kinases, namely, CaMKII and PKA, whose activities are directly or indirectly phosphorylation dependent. Superoxides 63-65 calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma Homo sapiens 201-207 25420684-7 2015 HLA-DR(+)CD11b(+)CD11c(+)CD163(-) superoxide-producing MDRCs, which stimulated proliferation of autologous T cells, comprised a high fraction of MDRCs in the airways of patients with mild asthma or COPD but not those of healthy control subjects. Superoxides 34-44 integrin subunit alpha X Homo sapiens 17-22 15377659-7 2004 Moreover, the metal ion-dependent DNA cleavage by mNdK was mediated by superoxide radicals as detected by electron paramagnetic resonance. Superoxides 71-81 NME/NM23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase 4 Mus musculus 50-54 15328354-8 2004 Charge compensation by the peptide backbone and preserved electronic properties of the superoxide access channel and docking site upon copper reduction may be the determinant factors for the high reaction kinetics of superoxide with both reduced and oxidized Cu,Zn-SOD. Superoxides 87-97 superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Bos taurus 259-268 25433341-8 2015 Kinetic studies revealed further that the yeast mutant SOD1 had less ionic attraction for superoxide, possibly explaining the lower rates. Superoxides 90-100 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 55-59 26120888-12 2015 These results suggest that melatonin exerts a hepatoprotective effect on mitochondrial-derived O2( -)-stimulated autophagic cell death that is dependent on the SIRT3/SOD2 pathway. Superoxides 95-101 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 166-170 15328354-8 2004 Charge compensation by the peptide backbone and preserved electronic properties of the superoxide access channel and docking site upon copper reduction may be the determinant factors for the high reaction kinetics of superoxide with both reduced and oxidized Cu,Zn-SOD. Superoxides 217-227 superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Bos taurus 259-268 15509740-9 2004 gp120 coupled CXCR4 (CXC chemokine receptor 4) to induce NADPH oxidase-mediated production of superoxide radicals in neurons, which was involved in the activation of NSMase but not ASMase. Superoxides 94-104 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 166-172 25945116-6 2015 Histochemical analysis showed that MAK significantly suppressed superoxide production, neuronal cell death, and vacuolation in the ischemic penumbra, which was accompanied by a decrease in the numbers of TUNEL- or cleaved caspase-3-positive cells. Superoxides 64-74 male germ cell-associated kinase Mus musculus 35-38 25388628-7 2015 HUVECs overexpressing MnSOD demonstrated an increased activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), reduced load of superoxide anion (O2 (-) ) and an increased survival under oxidative stress. Superoxides 124-140 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 22-27 25388628-7 2015 HUVECs overexpressing MnSOD demonstrated an increased activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), reduced load of superoxide anion (O2 (-) ) and an increased survival under oxidative stress. Superoxides 142-144 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 22-27 25388628-11 2015 In conclusion, 3% w/v beta-d-glucan activates endothelial expression of MnSOD independent of histone acetylation level, thereby leading to adequate removal of O2 (-) , cell survival and angiogenic response to oxidative stress. Superoxides 159-161 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 72-77 25834301-5 2015 Superoxide is considered to be a major factor in oxidant toxicity, and mitochondrial MnSOD enzymes constitute an essential defense against superoxide. Superoxides 139-149 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 85-90 25066694-9 2015 In vivo NOX4 RNAi, or sepiapterin perfusion, resulted in recoupling of NOS, decreased infarct size, and blockade of dysfunctional mitochondrial swelling and mitochondrial superoxide production. Superoxides 171-181 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 8-12 25450247-9 2015 At 95%O2, catalase prevented the leftward shift caused by Tiron in both sexes indicating that catalase prevented the formation of H2O2 by Tiron. Superoxides 6-8 catalase Sus scrofa 10-18 25766656-10 2015 Furthermore, AMPK knockdown by shRNA-AMPK reversed the inhibitory effects of bavachalcone on mitochondrial superoxide production in endothelial cells. Superoxides 107-117 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 13-17 25766656-10 2015 Furthermore, AMPK knockdown by shRNA-AMPK reversed the inhibitory effects of bavachalcone on mitochondrial superoxide production in endothelial cells. Superoxides 107-117 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 37-41 25536219-2 2014 We found that MMP3 activation causes the induction of Nox1 via mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and subsequently Rac1 activation, eventually leading to Nox1-derived superoxide generation in a rat DA neuronal N27 cells exposed to 6-OHDA. Superoxides 187-197 Rac family small GTPase 1 Rattus norvegicus 135-139 25326583-11 2014 In vitro, Nox2-specific inhibition prevented LPS-induced eNOS modification and increases in both superoxide production and permeability. Superoxides 97-107 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 10-14 15451059-2 2004 Here we show that a tris-malonic acid derivative of the fullerene C60 molecule (C3) is capable of removing the biologically important superoxide radical with a rate constant (k(C3)) of 2 x 10(6) mol(-1) s(-1), approximately 100-fold slower than the superoxide dismutases (SOD), a family of enzymes responsible for endogenous dismutation of superoxide. Superoxides 134-144 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 272-275 15451059-2 2004 Here we show that a tris-malonic acid derivative of the fullerene C60 molecule (C3) is capable of removing the biologically important superoxide radical with a rate constant (k(C3)) of 2 x 10(6) mol(-1) s(-1), approximately 100-fold slower than the superoxide dismutases (SOD), a family of enzymes responsible for endogenous dismutation of superoxide. Superoxides 249-259 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 272-275 15451061-1 2004 Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a widely distributed enzyme, involved in the metabolism of purines, which generates superoxide and is thought to be involved in free radical-generated tissue injury. Superoxides 117-127 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-23 15451061-1 2004 Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a widely distributed enzyme, involved in the metabolism of purines, which generates superoxide and is thought to be involved in free radical-generated tissue injury. Superoxides 117-127 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 25-28 15464236-8 2004 The mechanisms of superoxide-induced apoptosis involved release of cytochrome c, increased Bax expression, increased caspase-3 activity, and hydrolysis of polyADP-ribose polymerase. Superoxides 18-28 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 117-126 25272245-8 2014 RESULTS: TLR2/1 activation by Pam3Cys enhanced intracellular H2O2 and mitochondrial O2 production in leukocytes, but had no effect on mitochondrial DeltaPsim and ATP production. Superoxides 63-65 toll-like receptor 2 Mus musculus 9-15 25091502-6 2014 Selective ETA (BQ123) or ETB receptor (BQ788) antagonists reduced both basal and ET-1-stimulated superoxide generation and reversed ET-1-induced inhibition of NO-mediated relaxations in OZR, while only BQ-123 antagonized ET-1 actions in LZR. Superoxides 97-107 endothelin receptor type A Rattus norvegicus 10-13 25224035-5 2014 Several studies display the biological significance of MnSOD level in proliferation as well as in invasive and angiogenic abilities of breast tumor cells by controlling superoxide anion radical (O2( -)) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 169-193 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 55-60 25224035-5 2014 Several studies display the biological significance of MnSOD level in proliferation as well as in invasive and angiogenic abilities of breast tumor cells by controlling superoxide anion radical (O2( -)) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 195-197 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 55-60 25047750-10 2014 Last, menadione-induced superoxide generation was inhibited by AMPK pharmacologic activators and by overexpression of PGC-1alpha or FoxO3A. Superoxides 24-34 peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha Mus musculus 118-128 24953189-1 2014 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), a critical anti-oxidant enzyme, detoxifies the mitochondrial-derived reactive oxygen species, superoxide, elicited through normal respiration or the inflammatory response. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 15464236-9 2004 Superoxide also increased the expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-xL and nuclear translocation of NFkappaB. Superoxides 0-10 Bcl2-like 1 Rattus norvegicus 58-64 15350821-5 2004 Furthermore, there was a strong positive correlation (r = 0.89, p < 0.01 in ICAM-1 and r = 0.88, p < 0.01 in VCAM-1) between ICAM-1/VCAM-1 expression and vascular production of superoxide. Superoxides 183-193 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Mus musculus 79-85 25041251-3 2014 Cerebral microvessels of hph1 mice demonstrated reduced tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) bioavailability, increased production of superoxide anions and impaired endothelial NO signaling. Superoxides 123-140 hyperphenylalaninemia 1 Mus musculus 25-29 25019585-3 2014 LPS treatment resulted in an increase in the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX-4), suggesting the cytosolic overexpression of nitric oxide and superoxide anion, the primary reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxides 187-203 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 119-124 15350821-5 2004 Furthermore, there was a strong positive correlation (r = 0.89, p < 0.01 in ICAM-1 and r = 0.88, p < 0.01 in VCAM-1) between ICAM-1/VCAM-1 expression and vascular production of superoxide. Superoxides 183-193 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Mus musculus 131-137 15262974-6 2004 With the use of methyl-beta-cyclodextrin, a cholesterol-depleting agent that reversibly disrupts rafts, we confirm an important regulatory role for rafts in the activation state of p38 and Cdc42 and in the Rho GTPase-dependent functions superoxide anion production and actin polymerization. Superoxides 237-253 cell division cycle 42 Homo sapiens 189-194 15517870-8 2004 In addition, over expression of the human SOD2 gene (MnSOD) inhibited NF-kappaB and pGL3CB1EI1 activity, indicating that superoxide or some species derived from superoxide may have participated in the up-regulation of reporter activity in response to chronic exposure to fractionated ionizing radiation. Superoxides 121-131 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 42-46 15517870-8 2004 In addition, over expression of the human SOD2 gene (MnSOD) inhibited NF-kappaB and pGL3CB1EI1 activity, indicating that superoxide or some species derived from superoxide may have participated in the up-regulation of reporter activity in response to chronic exposure to fractionated ionizing radiation. Superoxides 121-131 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 53-58 15517870-8 2004 In addition, over expression of the human SOD2 gene (MnSOD) inhibited NF-kappaB and pGL3CB1EI1 activity, indicating that superoxide or some species derived from superoxide may have participated in the up-regulation of reporter activity in response to chronic exposure to fractionated ionizing radiation. Superoxides 161-171 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 42-46 15517870-8 2004 In addition, over expression of the human SOD2 gene (MnSOD) inhibited NF-kappaB and pGL3CB1EI1 activity, indicating that superoxide or some species derived from superoxide may have participated in the up-regulation of reporter activity in response to chronic exposure to fractionated ionizing radiation. Superoxides 161-171 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 53-58 15326075-5 2004 LPS, TNF-alpha, and IL-1alpha all stimulated the formation of O2*- and expression of gp91(phox) in both PAVSMCs and PAECs, an effect inhibited by NADPH oxidase inhibitors, diphenyleneiodonium, and apocynin. Superoxides 62-64 tumor necrosis factor Sus scrofa 5-14 15289370-6 2004 Superoxide production and NADPH oxidase activity were enhanced in the ischemic area of the brain in Agtr2- mice. Superoxides 0-10 angiotensin II receptor, type 2 Mus musculus 100-105 15289370-9 2004 CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that AT2 receptor stimulation has a protective effect on ischemic brain lesions, at least partly through the modulation of cerebral blood flow and superoxide production. Superoxides 182-192 angiotensin II receptor, type 2 Mus musculus 40-52 15305022-1 2004 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is an antioxidative enzyme that scavenges superoxide radicals and is localized in the mitochondrial matrix. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 15166213-9 2004 Thus, we conclude that when Sod1p is absent a lysine auxotrophy is induced because Lys4p is inactivated in the matrix by superoxide that originates in the intermembrane space and diffuses across the inner membrane. Superoxides 121-131 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 28-33 15107478-9 2004 Superoxide dismutase mimetic, a potent scavenger of superoxide anions, prevented IH-induced c-fos, AP-1 and TH activations. Superoxides 52-69 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 99-103 24970317-0 2014 Polyols accumulated in ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency increase mitochondrial superoxide production and improve antioxidant defenses in rats" prefrontal cortex. Superoxides 86-96 ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A Rattus norvegicus 23-51 24700878-1 2014 Stanniocalcin-1 is an intracrine protein; it binds to the cell surface, is internalized to the mitochondria, and diminishes superoxide generation through induction of uncoupling proteins. Superoxides 124-134 stanniocalcin 1 Mus musculus 0-15 24700878-8 2014 Kidney-specific knockdown of stanniocalcin-1 led to severe proximal tubule injury characterized by vacuolization, decreased uncoupling of protein-2 expression, greater generation of superoxide, activation of the unfolded protein response, initiation of autophagy, cell apoptosis, and kidney failure. Superoxides 182-192 stanniocalcin 1 Mus musculus 29-44 15149330-10 2004 RESULTS: PR3-ANCA-treated mPR3(high) versus mPR3(low) neutrophils showed more superoxide generation (33.7 +/- 15.2 nmol O(2) (-) to 14.6 +/- 8.4, P < 0.01), more degranulation (29%+/- 5 to 22%+/- 3, P < 0.05), and more PI3-K/Akt activation. Superoxides 78-88 proteinase 3 Homo sapiens 9-12 15149330-10 2004 RESULTS: PR3-ANCA-treated mPR3(high) versus mPR3(low) neutrophils showed more superoxide generation (33.7 +/- 15.2 nmol O(2) (-) to 14.6 +/- 8.4, P < 0.01), more degranulation (29%+/- 5 to 22%+/- 3, P < 0.05), and more PI3-K/Akt activation. Superoxides 120-124 proteinase 3 Homo sapiens 9-12 15207272-8 2004 Overexpression of AATF suppressed superoxide production, inhibited peroxynitrite formation and membrane lipid peroxidation, and protected against Abeta-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. Superoxides 34-44 apoptosis antagonizing transcription factor Rattus norvegicus 18-22 25015966-3 2014 We found increased expression (fivefold) of the NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2 in the mdx hearts compared with wild type, along with increased superoxide production. Superoxides 134-144 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 48-69 25017967-4 2014 Ischemia/reperfusion induced a significant increase in NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX-4) expression at the tubular level, an upregulation of NOX-2 expression in infiltrating monocytes and myeloid dendritic cells, and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2"-deoxyguanosine synthesis along with a marked upregulation of NADPH-dependent superoxide generation. Superoxides 305-315 cytochrome b-245 heavy chain Sus scrofa 131-136 15163543-14 2004 Although without supportive data, superoxide production induced by arsenic exposure can theoretically impair insulin secretion by interaction with uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), and oxidative stress can also cause amyloid formation in the pancreas, which could progressively destroy the insulin-secreting beta cells. Superoxides 34-44 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 147-167 25066192-2 2014 Endothelial cells express four NOX isoforms including the superoxide-generating enzymes NOX1, NOX2, and NOX5 and the hydrogen peroxide-generating enzyme NOX4. Superoxides 58-68 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 88-92 15163543-14 2004 Although without supportive data, superoxide production induced by arsenic exposure can theoretically impair insulin secretion by interaction with uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), and oxidative stress can also cause amyloid formation in the pancreas, which could progressively destroy the insulin-secreting beta cells. Superoxides 34-44 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 169-173 15108351-1 2004 A new superoxide-generating enzyme, NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), contributes to osteoclastic superoxide production. Superoxides 6-16 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 36-51 15108351-1 2004 A new superoxide-generating enzyme, NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), contributes to osteoclastic superoxide production. Superoxides 6-16 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 53-57 15108351-1 2004 A new superoxide-generating enzyme, NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), contributes to osteoclastic superoxide production. Superoxides 88-98 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 36-51 15108351-1 2004 A new superoxide-generating enzyme, NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), contributes to osteoclastic superoxide production. Superoxides 88-98 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 53-57 15108351-4 2004 Cotransfection of Nox4/P22 DNA resulted in enhanced superoxide production in osteoclasts, indicating that P22 may be a necessary factor for the Nox4 activity. Superoxides 52-62 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 18-22 15110391-6 2004 Grepafloxacin-induced primed superoxide generation was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with PD169316 and SB203580, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitors, but not with PD98059, a specific inhibitor of the upstream kinase that activates p44/42 MAPK, or SP600125, an inhibitor of stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Superoxides 29-39 interferon induced protein 44 Homo sapiens 260-263 15150115-0 2004 The superoxide-generating oxidase Nox1 is functionally required for Ras oncogene transformation. Superoxides 4-14 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 34-38 15150115-4 2004 Here, we report that Ras oncogene up-regulates the expression of Nox1, a homologue of the catalytic subunit of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase, via the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and that small interfering RNAs designed to target Nox1 mRNA effectively blocks the Ras transformed phenotypes including anchorage-independent growth, morphological changes, and production of tumors in athymic mice. Superoxides 115-125 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 65-69 15150115-4 2004 Here, we report that Ras oncogene up-regulates the expression of Nox1, a homologue of the catalytic subunit of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase, via the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and that small interfering RNAs designed to target Nox1 mRNA effectively blocks the Ras transformed phenotypes including anchorage-independent growth, morphological changes, and production of tumors in athymic mice. Superoxides 115-125 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 293-297 14970220-5 2004 Superoxide formation was also reduced in J774 cells transfected with a cDNA expressing dominant-negative form of RhoA (N19RhoA). Superoxides 0-10 ras homolog family member A Mus musculus 113-117 14970220-5 2004 Superoxide formation was also reduced in J774 cells transfected with a cDNA expressing dominant-negative form of RhoA (N19RhoA). Superoxides 0-10 ras homolog family member A Mus musculus 122-126 14993216-5 2004 The superoxide dismutase mimetic and the nitric oxide chelator blocked 6-hydroxydopamine-induced phosphorylation of p38, suggesting a role for superoxide anion and nitric oxide in eliciting a neurotoxic signal by activating p38. Superoxides 143-159 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 116-119 14993216-5 2004 The superoxide dismutase mimetic and the nitric oxide chelator blocked 6-hydroxydopamine-induced phosphorylation of p38, suggesting a role for superoxide anion and nitric oxide in eliciting a neurotoxic signal by activating p38. Superoxides 143-159 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 224-227 14993216-12 2004 Taken together, our data suggest that superoxide anion and nitric oxide induced by 6-hydroxydopamine initiate the p38 signal pathway leading to activation of both mitochondrial and extramitochondrial apoptotic pathways in our culture models of Parkinson"s disease. Superoxides 38-54 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 114-117 21782712-2 2004 In the present study, SNL glycoprotein showed a dose-dependent radical scavenging activity on radicals, including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, hydroxyl radical (OH), and superoxide anion (O(2)(-)). Superoxides 188-204 fascin actin-bundling protein 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 21782712-2 2004 In the present study, SNL glycoprotein showed a dose-dependent radical scavenging activity on radicals, including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals, hydroxyl radical (OH), and superoxide anion (O(2)(-)). Superoxides 206-210 fascin actin-bundling protein 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 14752097-0 2004 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons is mediated by transferrin receptor iron-dependent depletion of tetrahydrobiopterin and neuronal nitric-oxide synthase-derived superoxide. Superoxides 203-213 transferrin receptor Homo sapiens 91-111 14752097-0 2004 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons is mediated by transferrin receptor iron-dependent depletion of tetrahydrobiopterin and neuronal nitric-oxide synthase-derived superoxide. Superoxides 203-213 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 164-194 14752097-7 2004 MPP(+)-mediated "uncoupling" of nNOS decreased *NO and increased superoxide formation. Superoxides 65-75 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 32-36 15006901-0 2004 A critical "threshold" of beta 2-integrin engagement regulates augmentation of cytokine-mediated superoxide anion release. Superoxides 97-113 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2 Homo sapiens 26-32 14688256-2 2004 Mn-SOD serves as the primary cellular defense against oxidative damage by converting superoxide radicals (O(2)(-)) to O(2) and H(2)O(2). Superoxides 85-95 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-6 14688256-2 2004 Mn-SOD serves as the primary cellular defense against oxidative damage by converting superoxide radicals (O(2)(-)) to O(2) and H(2)O(2). Superoxides 106-110 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-6 14688256-2 2004 Mn-SOD serves as the primary cellular defense against oxidative damage by converting superoxide radicals (O(2)(-)) to O(2) and H(2)O(2). Superoxides 118-122 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-6 14694147-3 2004 XOR is a member of the molybdoenzyme family and is best known for its catalytic role in purine degradation, metabolizing hypoxanthine and xanthine to uric acid with concomitant generation of superoxide. Superoxides 191-201 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-3 25062272-3 2014 Nox4 may also be unusual as it reportedly releases hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in contrast to Nox1-Nox3 and Nox5, which release superoxide, although this result is controversial in part because of possible membrane compartmentalization of superoxide, which may prevent detection. Superoxides 125-135 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-4 25062272-3 2014 Nox4 may also be unusual as it reportedly releases hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in contrast to Nox1-Nox3 and Nox5, which release superoxide, although this result is controversial in part because of possible membrane compartmentalization of superoxide, which may prevent detection. Superoxides 125-135 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 91-95 25062272-3 2014 Nox4 may also be unusual as it reportedly releases hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in contrast to Nox1-Nox3 and Nox5, which release superoxide, although this result is controversial in part because of possible membrane compartmentalization of superoxide, which may prevent detection. Superoxides 236-246 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-4 14694147-5 2004 XOR requires molybdopterin, iron-sulphur centres, and FAD as cofactors and has two interconvertible forms, xanthine oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase, which transfer electrons from xanthine to oxygen and NAD(+), respectively, yielding superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and NADH. Superoxides 236-246 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-3 25062272-5 2014 We find that approximately 90% of the electron flux through isolated Nox4 produces H2O2 and 10% forms superoxide. Superoxides 102-112 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 69-73 14694147-5 2004 XOR requires molybdopterin, iron-sulphur centres, and FAD as cofactors and has two interconvertible forms, xanthine oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase, which transfer electrons from xanthine to oxygen and NAD(+), respectively, yielding superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and NADH. Superoxides 236-246 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 128-150 14694147-6 2004 Additionally, XOR can generate superoxide via NADH oxidase activity and can produce nitric oxide via nitrate and nitrite reductase activities. Superoxides 31-41 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 14-17 14967724-7 2004 Treatment of HUVECs with monoclonal antibody for LOX-1 attenuated RLP-mediated production of superoxide, TNF-alpha, and interleukin-1beta and DNA fragmentation. Superoxides 93-103 oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 Homo sapiens 49-54 25109995-3 2014 Since superoxide formation, in particular in mitochondria, is often considered to be an initial step in the pathogenesis of these diseases, improper function of the MnSOD (mitochondrial superoxide dismutase; SOD2) may be critical for tissue homoeostasis. Superoxides 6-16 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 165-170 25109995-3 2014 Since superoxide formation, in particular in mitochondria, is often considered to be an initial step in the pathogenesis of these diseases, improper function of the MnSOD (mitochondrial superoxide dismutase; SOD2) may be critical for tissue homoeostasis. Superoxides 6-16 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 208-212 24535002-3 2014 A temporal delay was observed between selenite treatment and increases in O2 ( -) production and biomarkers of apoptosis/necrosis, indicating that the reduction of selenite by the glutathione reductase/NADPH system (yielding O2 ( -)) is a minor contributor to ROS production under these conditions. Superoxides 225-227 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 180-201 14576080-0 2004 Superoxide, H2O2, and iron are required for TNF-alpha-induced MCP-1 gene expression in endothelial cells: role of Rac1 and NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 0-10 Rac family small GTPase 1 Mus musculus 114-118 14576080-9 2004 Rac1 is an upstream signaling molecule for the activation of NADPH oxidase and O(2)(-). Superoxides 79-83 Rac family small GTPase 1 Mus musculus 0-4 14576080-13 2004 These data suggest that ROS such as superoxide and H(2)O(2) derived from Rac1-activated NADPH oxidase mediate TNF-alpha-induced MCP-1 expression in endothelial cells. Superoxides 36-46 Rac family small GTPase 1 Mus musculus 73-77 14871478-3 2004 Increased basal oxidative stress in Ttpa(-/-) mice was documented by increased plasma lipid peroxidation, and superoxide production by bone marrow-derived neutrophils stimulated in vitro with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Superoxides 110-120 tocopherol (alpha) transfer protein Mus musculus 36-40 24863436-7 2014 Experiments using mutants and inhibitors demonstrated that superoxide anion (O2 (-)) derived from mitochondria was involved in Al-induced upregulation of AOX1a gene expression. Superoxides 59-75 alternative oxidase 1A Arabidopsis thaliana 154-159 24863436-7 2014 Experiments using mutants and inhibitors demonstrated that superoxide anion (O2 (-)) derived from mitochondria was involved in Al-induced upregulation of AOX1a gene expression. Superoxides 77-79 alternative oxidase 1A Arabidopsis thaliana 154-159 24516041-2 2014 In this study, we determined whether O2 - generating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) is differentially expressed in normal peritoneal and adhesion fibroblasts and tissues. Superoxides 37-39 dual oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 53-104 14602725-1 2004 Neuronal nitric-oxide synthase (nNOS) is a constitutively expressed enzyme responsible for the production of nitric oxide (NO*) from l-arginine and O2. Superoxides 148-150 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 0-30 25050617-5 2014 In vivo, pharmacological inhibition of TAK1 with 5Z-7-oxozeaenol blocked the injury-induced phosphorylation of both TAK1 (Thr187) and NF-kB/p65 (Ser536), associated with marked inhibition of superoxide production, 3-nitrotyrosine, and MCP-1 in the injured arteries. Superoxides 191-201 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 Mus musculus 39-43 14602725-1 2004 Neuronal nitric-oxide synthase (nNOS) is a constitutively expressed enzyme responsible for the production of nitric oxide (NO*) from l-arginine and O2. Superoxides 148-150 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 32-36 25050617-5 2014 In vivo, pharmacological inhibition of TAK1 with 5Z-7-oxozeaenol blocked the injury-induced phosphorylation of both TAK1 (Thr187) and NF-kB/p65 (Ser536), associated with marked inhibition of superoxide production, 3-nitrotyrosine, and MCP-1 in the injured arteries. Superoxides 191-201 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 Mus musculus 116-120 25050617-6 2014 Cell culture experiments demonstrated that either siRNA knockdown or 5Z-7-oxozeaenol inhibition of TAK1 significantly attenuated NADPH oxidase activation and superoxide production induced by CD40L/CD40 stimulation. Superoxides 158-168 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 Mus musculus 99-103 14602725-3 2004 In the absence of l-arginine, nNOS has been shown to generate superoxide (O2*). Superoxides 62-72 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 30-34 25050617-6 2014 Cell culture experiments demonstrated that either siRNA knockdown or 5Z-7-oxozeaenol inhibition of TAK1 significantly attenuated NADPH oxidase activation and superoxide production induced by CD40L/CD40 stimulation. Superoxides 158-168 CD40 antigen Mus musculus 191-195 14602725-3 2004 In the absence of l-arginine, nNOS has been shown to generate superoxide (O2*). Superoxides 74-76 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 30-34 15032331-1 2004 We have previously found that xanthine oxidase (one form of xanthine oxidoreductase that generates reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide) is present in corneal epithelium of normal rabbit eye. Superoxides 132-142 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 60-83 24747490-7 2014 Nevertheless, a phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor and an inositol triphosphate (IP3) receptor antagonist considerably suppressed ugonin U-stimulated Ca(2+) mobilization and subsequent superoxide release. Superoxides 182-192 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 Homo sapiens 78-91 12959930-6 2004 In addition, we showed that TGF-beta stimulated superoxide production and increased release of H2O2 from the cells, whereas GSH ester decreased basal and TGF-beta + glucose oxidase-stimulated H2O2 release. Superoxides 48-58 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 28-36 24840065-4 2014 In contrast, in the millimolar H2O2 concentration range, CcO generates superoxide from peroxide. Superoxides 71-81 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 6A1, mitochondrial Bos taurus 57-60 15777015-1 2004 The release of cytochrome c from mitochondria during apoptosis results in the enhanced production of superoxide radicals, which are converted to H2O2 by Mn-superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 101-120 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 153-176 15467404-0 2004 Superoxide production from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes by human mannan-binding protein (MBP). Superoxides 0-10 myelin basic protein Homo sapiens 71-93 25071412-5 2014 Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (MnSOD) is a manganesedependant metallo-enzyme which plays a crucial role in protecting cells from anti-oxidative stress by eliminating reactive (superoxide) oxygen species. Superoxides 177-187 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-30 25071412-5 2014 Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (MnSOD) is a manganesedependant metallo-enzyme which plays a crucial role in protecting cells from anti-oxidative stress by eliminating reactive (superoxide) oxygen species. Superoxides 177-187 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 15467404-0 2004 Superoxide production from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes by human mannan-binding protein (MBP). Superoxides 0-10 myelin basic protein Homo sapiens 95-98 15467404-2 2004 In this study, we found that ligand-bound MBP stimulates polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) to induce cell aggregation and superoxide production. Superoxides 123-133 myelin basic protein Homo sapiens 42-45 15467404-4 2004 The PMN aggregation and superoxide production induced by ligand-bound MBP was blocked completely by pertussis toxin, and partially blocked by a platelet activation factor receptor antagonist, TCV-309. Superoxides 24-34 myelin basic protein Homo sapiens 70-73 14744014-2 2003 The oxidase, dormant in resting cells, becomes activated to produce superoxide, a precursor of microbicidal oxidants, by interacting with the adaptor proteins p47phox and p67phox as well as the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 68-78 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 171-178 12958047-0 2003 Pioglitazone inhibits LOX-1 expression in human coronary artery endothelial cells by reducing intracellular superoxide radical generation. Superoxides 108-126 oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 Homo sapiens 22-27 14679173-3 2003 A new study demonstrates that hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial superoxide production activates uncoupling protein 2, which decreases the ATP/ADP ratio and thus reduces the insulin-secretory response. Superoxides 66-76 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 98-118 14679178-0 2003 Superoxide-mediated activation of uncoupling protein 2 causes pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. Superoxides 0-10 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 34-54 14679178-4 2003 Of interest, it has recently been shown that superoxide, when added to isolated mitochondria, activates UCP2-mediated proton leak. Superoxides 45-55 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 104-108 14679178-5 2003 Since obesity and chronic hyperglycemia increase mitochondrial superoxide production, as well as UCP2 expression in pancreatic beta cells, a superoxide-UCP2 pathway could contribute importantly to obesity- and hyperglycemia-induced beta cell dysfunction. Superoxides 63-73 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 152-156 14679178-5 2003 Since obesity and chronic hyperglycemia increase mitochondrial superoxide production, as well as UCP2 expression in pancreatic beta cells, a superoxide-UCP2 pathway could contribute importantly to obesity- and hyperglycemia-induced beta cell dysfunction. Superoxides 141-151 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 97-101 14679178-5 2003 Since obesity and chronic hyperglycemia increase mitochondrial superoxide production, as well as UCP2 expression in pancreatic beta cells, a superoxide-UCP2 pathway could contribute importantly to obesity- and hyperglycemia-induced beta cell dysfunction. Superoxides 141-151 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 152-156 14679178-6 2003 This study demonstrates that endogenously produced mitochondrial superoxide activates UCP2-mediated proton leak, thus lowering ATP levels and impairing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Superoxides 65-75 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 86-90 14679178-9 2003 Therefore, superoxide-mediated activation of UCP2 could play an important role in the pathogenesis of beta cell dysfunction and type 2 diabetes. Superoxides 11-21 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 45-49 14674687-5 2003 26 min is longer than the period length of 24 min for the usual constitutive (CNOX) ECTO-NOX proteins of the cell surface and sera which neither generate superoxide nor reduce ferricytochrome c. The aging-related ECTO-NOX protein (arNOX) provides a mechanism to transmit cell surface oxidative changes to surrounding cells and circulating lipoproteins potentially important to atherogenesis. Superoxides 154-164 tripartite motif containing 33 Homo sapiens 84-88 14517226-0 2003 Endothelin-1 stimulates arterial VCAM-1 expression via NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide in mineralocorticoid hypertension. Superoxides 77-87 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 33-39 14517226-3 2003 This study tested the hypothesis that ET-1 augments arterial VCAM-1 expression through NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide (O2-). Superoxides 109-119 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 61-67 14517226-3 2003 This study tested the hypothesis that ET-1 augments arterial VCAM-1 expression through NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide (O2-). Superoxides 121-123 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 61-67 14517226-8 2003 The results of this study indicate that ET-1 stimulates arterial VCAM-1 expression by producing O2- from an ETA receptor/NADPH oxidase pathway in low-renin mineralocorticoid hypertension. Superoxides 96-98 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 65-71 14517226-8 2003 The results of this study indicate that ET-1 stimulates arterial VCAM-1 expression by producing O2- from an ETA receptor/NADPH oxidase pathway in low-renin mineralocorticoid hypertension. Superoxides 96-98 endothelin receptor type A Rattus norvegicus 108-111 12909277-6 2003 Furthermore, the SNL extract was revealed to be a potential scavenger of hydroxyl radicals and DPPH radicals rather than superoxide anions. Superoxides 121-138 fascin actin-bundling protein 1 Homo sapiens 17-20 14703794-10 2003 We also suggest that many of the allegedly O2*- dependent bacterial pathologies and carcinogenic derailments are due to membrane-modifying activity rather than other chemical reactions of O2*-/HO2*. Superoxides 43-45 heme oxygenase 2 Homo sapiens 193-196 14500673-0 2003 Eosinophil major basic protein stimulates neutrophil superoxide production by a class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase and protein kinase C-zeta-dependent pathway. Superoxides 53-63 proteoglycan 2, pro eosinophil major basic protein Homo sapiens 0-30 14500673-1 2003 Eosinophil major basic protein (MBP) is an effective stimulus for neutrophil superoxide (O(2)(-)) production, degranulation, and IL-8 production. Superoxides 77-87 proteoglycan 2, pro eosinophil major basic protein Homo sapiens 0-30 14500673-1 2003 Eosinophil major basic protein (MBP) is an effective stimulus for neutrophil superoxide (O(2)(-)) production, degranulation, and IL-8 production. Superoxides 77-87 myelin basic protein Homo sapiens 32-35 14500673-1 2003 Eosinophil major basic protein (MBP) is an effective stimulus for neutrophil superoxide (O(2)(-)) production, degranulation, and IL-8 production. Superoxides 89-93 proteoglycan 2, pro eosinophil major basic protein Homo sapiens 0-30 14500673-1 2003 Eosinophil major basic protein (MBP) is an effective stimulus for neutrophil superoxide (O(2)(-)) production, degranulation, and IL-8 production. Superoxides 89-93 myelin basic protein Homo sapiens 32-35 14500673-8 2003 Inhibition of protein kinase Czeta (PKCzeta) inhibited MBP-stimulated O(2)(-) production. Superoxides 70-75 myelin basic protein Homo sapiens 55-58 14500673-12 2003 We conclude that MBP stimulates a Src kinase-dependent activation of class I(A) PI3K and, in turn, activation of PKCzeta in neutrophils, which contributes to the activation of NADPH oxidase and the resultant O(2)(-) production in response to MBP stimulation. Superoxides 208-215 myelin basic protein Homo sapiens 17-20 14500740-2 2003 Stimulation of FPR and FPRL1 initiates a cascade of signaling events, leading to activation of various phagocyte responses, including chemotaxis, superoxide generation, and exocytosis. Superoxides 146-156 formyl peptide receptor 2 Rattus norvegicus 23-28 14503839-3 2003 We hypothesized that the inducibility of Mn-SOD and MT mRNA by paraquat, an intracellular superoxide generator, might be altered in lymphocytes of gastric cancer patients. Superoxides 90-100 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 41-47 13678532-6 2003 The induction of HO-1 in monocytes suppresses not only Ang II-stimulated superoxide formation, but also Ang II-enhanced chemotactic activity. Superoxides 73-83 angiogenin Homo sapiens 55-58 24277523-12 2014 NOX2 inhibitor diphenylene iodonium protects against iron-elicited dopaminergic neurotoxicity through decreasing microglial O2 - generation, and NOX2-/- mice are resistant to the neurotoxicity by reducing microglial O2 - production, indicating that iron-elicited dopaminergic neurotoxicity is dependent of NOX2, a O2 --generating enzyme. Superoxides 124-126 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 0-4 12860917-3 2003 METHODS AND RESULTS: In pigs with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, superoxide formation was augmented in coronary media and adventitia because of increased NAD(P)H oxidase activity (3 months) accompanied by upregulated expression of its cytosolic subunit, p22phox. Superoxides 67-77 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Sus scrofa 256-263 23581847-1 2014 SIGNIFICANCE: The mitochondrial antioxidant manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is encoded by genomic DNA and its dismutase function is fully activated in the mitochondria to detoxify free radical O2( -) generated by mitochondrial respiration. Superoxides 200-202 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 44-74 23581847-1 2014 SIGNIFICANCE: The mitochondrial antioxidant manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is encoded by genomic DNA and its dismutase function is fully activated in the mitochondria to detoxify free radical O2( -) generated by mitochondrial respiration. Superoxides 200-202 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 76-81 23581847-5 2014 These proteins modulate MnSOD superoxide scavenging activity via post-translational modifications in the mitochondria. Superoxides 30-40 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 24-29 23590434-7 2014 The periodic fluctuation in MnSOD activity during the cell cycle inversely correlates with cellular superoxide levels as well as glucose and oxygen consumption. Superoxides 100-110 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 28-33 23795822-2 2014 Superoxide is well known to perturb nonheme iron proteins, including Fe/S proteins such as aconitase and succinate dehydrogenase, as well as other enzymes containing labile iron such as the prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing family of enzymes; whereas hydrogen peroxide is more specific for two-electron reactions with thiols on glutathione, glutaredoxin, thioredoxin, and the peroxiredoxins. Superoxides 0-10 glutaredoxin Homo sapiens 344-356 24515115-3 2014 However, the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH), branched-chain 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH), and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complexes are also capable of considerable superoxide/H2O2 production. Superoxides 174-184 oxoglutarate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 13-41 24515115-3 2014 However, the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH), branched-chain 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase (BCKDH), and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complexes are also capable of considerable superoxide/H2O2 production. Superoxides 174-184 oxoglutarate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 43-47 24515115-6 2014 At optimal conditions for each system, superoxide/H2O2 was produced by the OGDH complex at about twice the rate from the PDH complex, four times the rate from the BCKDH complex, and eight times the rate from site IF of complex I. Superoxides 39-49 oxoglutarate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 75-79 24515115-7 2014 Depending on the substrates present, the dominant sites of superoxide/H2O2 production at the level of NADH may be the OGDH and PDH complexes, but these activities may often be misattributed to complex I. Superoxides 59-69 oxoglutarate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 118-122 12826260-6 2003 This calcium-dependent contractility action observed in aorta rings from arsenate-exposed rabbits was markedly attenuated by the superoxide (O2(.-)) scavenging enzyme Cu, Zn-SOD, as well as diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) or N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), which are inhibitors for nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Superoxides 129-139 nitric oxide synthase, brain Oryctolagus cuniculus 289-310 24361341-1 2014 Extensive evidence demonstrates the pathophysiological importance of NOX1, the catalytic subunit of superoxide-generating enzyme NADPH oxidase, as a source of reactive oxygen species in nonphagocytic cells. Superoxides 100-110 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 69-73 12826260-6 2003 This calcium-dependent contractility action observed in aorta rings from arsenate-exposed rabbits was markedly attenuated by the superoxide (O2(.-)) scavenging enzyme Cu, Zn-SOD, as well as diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) or N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), which are inhibitors for nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Superoxides 141-143 nitric oxide synthase, brain Oryctolagus cuniculus 289-310 24462716-3 2014 At non-cytotoxic concentrations, LAAO induced the superoxide anion production by isolated human neutrophil. Superoxides 50-66 interleukin 4 induced 1 Homo sapiens 33-37 12788061-6 2003 The TPT-dependent suppression of LC-PTP was confirmed by real-time PCR analysis, and the results of immunoblotting indicated that TPT enhances the expression of myeloid specific tyrosine kinase hck by about 30% at the protein level, and this together with the reduction of LC-PTP may enhance tyrosine phosphorylation, in turn resulting in enhancement of superoxide production. Superoxides 354-364 HCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 194-197 24285500-2 2014 MD-derived superoxide (O2-), primarily generated by Nox2, is enhanced by acute ANG II stimulation. Superoxides 11-21 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 52-56 24285500-2 2014 MD-derived superoxide (O2-), primarily generated by Nox2, is enhanced by acute ANG II stimulation. Superoxides 23-25 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 52-56 24140862-5 2014 In vitro, confocal microscopy and size-exclusion chromatography demonstrated that dismutation of O2(-) by 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl (Tempol) and decomposition of H2O2 by catalase prevented Hcys-induced aggregation of NLRP3 inflammasome proteins and inhibited Hcys-induced caspase-1 activation and IL-1beta production in mouse podocytes. Superoxides 97-99 caspase 1 Mus musculus 293-302 12759446-5 2003 In contrast, superoxide production is normal in Rac1-deficient neutrophils but markedly diminished in Rac2 null cells. Superoxides 13-23 Rac family small GTPase 1 Mus musculus 48-52 24052408-0 2014 Superoxide activates mTOR-eIF4E-Bax route to induce enhanced apoptosis in leukemic cells. Superoxides 0-10 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E Homo sapiens 26-31 12657628-9 2003 Heterologous co-expression of p41 and p51 significantly enhances the superoxide-generating activity of Nox1-expressing cells; thus, p41 and p51 appear to be novel regulators of Nox1. Superoxides 69-79 erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 Mus musculus 30-33 12657628-9 2003 Heterologous co-expression of p41 and p51 significantly enhances the superoxide-generating activity of Nox1-expressing cells; thus, p41 and p51 appear to be novel regulators of Nox1. Superoxides 69-79 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 103-107 12657628-9 2003 Heterologous co-expression of p41 and p51 significantly enhances the superoxide-generating activity of Nox1-expressing cells; thus, p41 and p51 appear to be novel regulators of Nox1. Superoxides 69-79 erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 Mus musculus 132-135 12657628-9 2003 Heterologous co-expression of p41 and p51 significantly enhances the superoxide-generating activity of Nox1-expressing cells; thus, p41 and p51 appear to be novel regulators of Nox1. Superoxides 69-79 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 177-181 32689025-5 2003 The production of H2O2 as well as the activities of H+-ATPase, NAD(P)H-dependent superoxide synthase, catalase, peroxidase, and Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase were evaluated in the foliar tissues up to 24 h after exposure to fenthion. Superoxides 81-91 plasma membrane ATPase 1 Solanum lycopersicum 52-61 12600921-2 2003 Vascular superoxide level is also increased in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension, which is associated with a markedly depressed plasma renin activity because of sodium retention. Superoxides 9-19 renin Rattus norvegicus 154-159 12600921-3 2003 However, the mechanisms underlying superoxide production in low-renin hypertension are undefined. Superoxides 35-45 renin Rattus norvegicus 64-69 12595345-12 2003 Ang II at a subvasomotor level impairs endothelium-dependent NO-mediated dilation attributable to elevated superoxide production via AT1 receptor activation of NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 107-117 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 133-136 12575983-7 2003 The increase in O2.- and the reduction of NO were inhibited by the presence of vitamin C and anti-LOX-1 monoclonal antibody (p < 0.001). Superoxides 16-18 oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 Homo sapiens 98-103 12575983-8 2003 CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show that one of the pathophysiologic consequences of platelet binding to LOX-1 may be the inactivation of NO through an increased cellular production of O2.-. Superoxides 193-195 oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 Homo sapiens 113-118 12388080-1 2003 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a critical antioxidant enzyme that protects against superoxide anion generated as a consequence of normal cellular respiration, as well as during the inflammatory response. Superoxides 94-110 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-30 12388080-1 2003 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a critical antioxidant enzyme that protects against superoxide anion generated as a consequence of normal cellular respiration, as well as during the inflammatory response. Superoxides 94-110 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 12524405-13 2003 CONCLUSIONS: Cultures of transformed and primary epithelial cells from human colon may produce extracellular O(2)(-) through an NAD(P)H oxidase expressing Nox1 and p22(phox). Superoxides 109-113 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 155-159 12456638-0 2002 The adaptor protein p40(phox) as a positive regulator of the superoxide-producing phagocyte oxidase. Superoxides 61-71 interleukin 9 Homo sapiens 20-23 12456638-4 2002 Here we show that p40(phox) enhances membrane translocation of p67(phox) and p47(phox) in stimulated cells, which leads to facilitated production of superoxide. Superoxides 149-159 interleukin 9 Homo sapiens 18-21 22905396-1 2002 The role of the matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2) in regulating Ca(2+)-ATPase activity in bovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle plasma membranes during treatment with the O2*- generating system, hypoxanthine (HPX) plus xanthine oxidase (XO) has been studied. Superoxides 170-172 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Bos taurus 42-47 22905396-4 2002 Treatment of the smooth muscle membrane suspension with the O2*- generating system stimulates MMP-2 activity, as evidenced by an apparent increase in the intensity of the protease activity. Superoxides 60-62 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Bos taurus 94-99 12512703-2 2002 Recently, it was suggested that bursts of superoxide anions may inactivate endothelial surface-bound enzymes such as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). Superoxides 42-59 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: angiotensin-converting enzyme Cavia porcellus 117-146 24877125-6 2014 We found that endothelial AT1-activated NAD(P)H oxidase-driven generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in diabetic rat carotid impairs ACE2-angiotensin-(1-7)-Mas axis functionality, which reduces carotid flow. Superoxides 77-87 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Rattus norvegicus 26-29 23688013-11 2014 In addition, genetic deletion of AMPKalpha2 or pharmacological inhibition of AMPK using compound C abrogated leptin or superoxide induced cardiac contractile dysfunction and autophagosome formation. Superoxides 119-129 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 33-43 23688013-11 2014 In addition, genetic deletion of AMPKalpha2 or pharmacological inhibition of AMPK using compound C abrogated leptin or superoxide induced cardiac contractile dysfunction and autophagosome formation. Superoxides 119-129 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 33-37 23688013-12 2014 In summary, our data revealed that leptin impairs cardiac contractile function through a superoxide generation-AMPK activation-and autophagy dependent mechanism. Superoxides 89-99 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 111-115 12512703-2 2002 Recently, it was suggested that bursts of superoxide anions may inactivate endothelial surface-bound enzymes such as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). Superoxides 42-59 LOW QUALITY PROTEIN: angiotensin-converting enzyme Cavia porcellus 148-151 12496360-1 2002 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide anions (O(2)(-)) into hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). Superoxides 68-85 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-30 12496360-1 2002 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide anions (O(2)(-)) into hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). Superoxides 68-85 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 12496360-1 2002 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide anions (O(2)(-)) into hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). Superoxides 87-91 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-30 12496360-1 2002 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide anions (O(2)(-)) into hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). Superoxides 87-91 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 12456490-6 2002 In addition, Ang II stimulated superoxide generation in primary CNS cell cultures, and this was prevented by the Ang II receptor (Ang II type 1 subtype) antagonist losartan or AdSOD. Superoxides 31-41 angiogenin, ribonuclease, RNase A family, 5 Mus musculus 13-16 12381518-8 2002 These results demonstrate that DLPC prevents TGF-beta1-induced increase in collagen mRNA by inhibiting generation of oxidative stress and associated H(2)O(2)-dependent p38 MAPK activation, which explains its antifibrogenic effect. Superoxides 152-157 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 168-171 12426214-5 2002 Ang II regulates superoxide anion formation and the limiting subunit of endothelial NAD(P)H oxidase, gp91-phox, in a dose-dependent manner via Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor-mediated induction and Ang II type 2 receptor-mediated partial inhibition at higher Ang II concentrations. Superoxides 17-33 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 158-161 12411662-6 2002 At 24 hours after the second injection of blood, both vascular production of superoxide anion and NAD(P)H oxidase activity were markedly increased with enhanced membrane translocation of p47phox, but by 48 hours the enzyme activity had regained normal values. Superoxides 77-93 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Rattus norvegicus 187-194 19649229-6 2002 Treatment of diabetic rats with CP (50 mg/kg intraperitoneally, bid) abolished not only the differences in superoxide, MDA and 8-ISO levels, but also the differences in the relaxation and cGMP responses of vascular tissue between control and diabetic rats to both ACh and nitroglycerine. Superoxides 107-117 BH3 interacting domain death agonist Rattus norvegicus 64-67 25612841-0 2014 Nox4 is a major source of superoxide production in human brain pericytes. Superoxides 26-36 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-4 25612841-13 2014 CONCLUSION: Our study showed that Nox4 is a major superoxide-producing enzyme and that its expression is regulated by Ang II and hypoxic stress in human brain pericytes. Superoxides 50-60 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 34-38 24504963-1 2014 The superoxide (O2 ( -))-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes comprises a membrane-imbedded heterodimeric flavocytochrome, known as cytochrome b 558 (consisting of Nox2 and p22 (phox) ) and four cytosolic regulatory proteins, p47 (phox) , p67 (phox) , p40 (phox) , and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 4-14 interleukin 9 Homo sapiens 262-265 12127599-2 2002 The manganese-containing form of this enzyme (MnSOD) is the major superoxide scavenger in mitochondria; a weak association between a functional genetic polymorphism (Ala-9Val) in the mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS) of this enzyme and TD has been reported in a Japanese population. Superoxides 66-76 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 46-51 24187133-2 2013 A peptide that mimics a putative activation domain of the Nox1 activator subunit NOXA1 (NOXA1 docking sequence, also known as NoxA1ds) potently inhibited Nox1-derived superoxide anion (O2 -) production in a reconstituted Nox1 cell-free system, with no effect on Nox2-, Nox4-, Nox5-, or xanthine oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species production as measured by cytochrome c reduction, Amplex Red fluorescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance. Superoxides 167-183 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 58-62 24187133-2 2013 A peptide that mimics a putative activation domain of the Nox1 activator subunit NOXA1 (NOXA1 docking sequence, also known as NoxA1ds) potently inhibited Nox1-derived superoxide anion (O2 -) production in a reconstituted Nox1 cell-free system, with no effect on Nox2-, Nox4-, Nox5-, or xanthine oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species production as measured by cytochrome c reduction, Amplex Red fluorescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance. Superoxides 167-183 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 154-158 24187133-2 2013 A peptide that mimics a putative activation domain of the Nox1 activator subunit NOXA1 (NOXA1 docking sequence, also known as NoxA1ds) potently inhibited Nox1-derived superoxide anion (O2 -) production in a reconstituted Nox1 cell-free system, with no effect on Nox2-, Nox4-, Nox5-, or xanthine oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species production as measured by cytochrome c reduction, Amplex Red fluorescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance. Superoxides 167-183 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 154-158 24187133-2 2013 A peptide that mimics a putative activation domain of the Nox1 activator subunit NOXA1 (NOXA1 docking sequence, also known as NoxA1ds) potently inhibited Nox1-derived superoxide anion (O2 -) production in a reconstituted Nox1 cell-free system, with no effect on Nox2-, Nox4-, Nox5-, or xanthine oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species production as measured by cytochrome c reduction, Amplex Red fluorescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance. Superoxides 167-183 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 269-273 24187133-2 2013 A peptide that mimics a putative activation domain of the Nox1 activator subunit NOXA1 (NOXA1 docking sequence, also known as NoxA1ds) potently inhibited Nox1-derived superoxide anion (O2 -) production in a reconstituted Nox1 cell-free system, with no effect on Nox2-, Nox4-, Nox5-, or xanthine oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species production as measured by cytochrome c reduction, Amplex Red fluorescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance. Superoxides 185-187 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 58-62 24187133-2 2013 A peptide that mimics a putative activation domain of the Nox1 activator subunit NOXA1 (NOXA1 docking sequence, also known as NoxA1ds) potently inhibited Nox1-derived superoxide anion (O2 -) production in a reconstituted Nox1 cell-free system, with no effect on Nox2-, Nox4-, Nox5-, or xanthine oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species production as measured by cytochrome c reduction, Amplex Red fluorescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance. Superoxides 185-187 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 154-158 24187133-2 2013 A peptide that mimics a putative activation domain of the Nox1 activator subunit NOXA1 (NOXA1 docking sequence, also known as NoxA1ds) potently inhibited Nox1-derived superoxide anion (O2 -) production in a reconstituted Nox1 cell-free system, with no effect on Nox2-, Nox4-, Nox5-, or xanthine oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species production as measured by cytochrome c reduction, Amplex Red fluorescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance. Superoxides 185-187 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 154-158 24187133-2 2013 A peptide that mimics a putative activation domain of the Nox1 activator subunit NOXA1 (NOXA1 docking sequence, also known as NoxA1ds) potently inhibited Nox1-derived superoxide anion (O2 -) production in a reconstituted Nox1 cell-free system, with no effect on Nox2-, Nox4-, Nox5-, or xanthine oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species production as measured by cytochrome c reduction, Amplex Red fluorescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance. Superoxides 185-187 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 269-273 12193228-4 2002 In contrast, Sema7A is an extremely potent monocyte activator, stimulating chemotaxis at 0.1 pm and inflammatory cytokine production (interleukin-1 (IL-1beta), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-6 and IL-8) and superoxide release at 1-10 pm. Superoxides 221-231 semaphorin 7A (John Milton Hagen blood group) Homo sapiens 13-19 12083801-0 2002 Superoxide anion-dependent Raf/MEK/ERK activation by peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma agonists 15-deoxy-delta(12,14)-prostaglandin J(2), ciglitazone, and GW1929. Superoxides 0-16 zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2 Homo sapiens 27-30 12087069-10 2002 Id3 is induced by X/XO via superoxide, calcium, p38, and p42/44 MAP kinase. Superoxides 27-37 inhibitor of DNA binding 3 Mus musculus 0-3 24396285-10 2014 TAT-RP1 supplementation increased anti-superoxide anion ability of HaCaT cells and decreased HaCaT cell radiosensitivity to irradiation. Superoxides 39-55 RP1 axonemal microtubule associated Homo sapiens 4-7 24298890-0 2013 Mechanism of enhanced superoxide production in the cytochrome b(6)f complex of oxygenic photosynthesis. Superoxides 22-32 cytochrome b Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 51-63 12087069-12 2002 Induction of Id3 is accomplished by angiotensin II via superoxide release. Superoxides 55-65 inhibitor of DNA binding 3 Mus musculus 13-16 12089369-11 2002 A total of 20 +/- 3 nmol O(2)(-)/0.75 x 10(6) PMN/45 min was released after stimulation with PR3-ANCA. Superoxides 25-29 proteinase 3 Homo sapiens 93-96 11896053-6 2002 The constitutively active form of the hematopoietic-specific GEF, Vav1, was the most effective at activating superoxide production, despite detection of higher levels of Rac1-GTP upon expression of constitutively active Vav2 or Tiam1 derivatives. Superoxides 109-119 vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 Homo sapiens 66-70 11861654-11 2002 In sum, at a low concentration, GD3 recruits superoxides to activate p44 MAPK and stimulates cell proliferation. Superoxides 45-56 interferon induced protein 44 Homo sapiens 69-72 24358357-2 2013 Previous work has shown that reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by the superoxide generating enzyme NOX2/NADPH oxidase play a crucial role in the vascular pathology. Superoxides 75-85 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 104-108 22703342-6 2013 RESULTS: The superoxide inducer menadione triggered a significant de-repression of COX5b and CYC7. Superoxides 13-23 cytochrome c isoform 2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 93-97 22703342-8 2013 COX5b/CYC7 was also de-repressed in wild-type cells treated with antimycin A, a mitochondrial bc1 complex inhibitor that increases superoxide production. Superoxides 131-141 cytochrome c isoform 2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 6-10 24072697-7 2013 Proteomic analyses revealed that superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expression was reduced in TAK1-deficient endothelial cells, resulting in attenuated hydrogen peroxide production but increased mitochondrial superoxide production. Superoxides 33-43 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 Mus musculus 89-93 24072697-11 2013 CONCLUSIONS: These results establish TAK1 as an AMPKalpha1 kinase that regulates vascular endothelial growth factor-induced and cytokine-induced angiogenesis by modulating SOD2 expression and the superoxide anion:hydrogen peroxide balance. Superoxides 196-212 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 Mus musculus 37-41 24055523-3 2013 This study attempted to reverse tamoxifen (TAM)-resistance in breast cancer by silencing a mitochondrial enzyme, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), which dismutates TAM-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) (i.e., superoxide) to less harmful hydrogen peroxide and hampers therapeutic effects. Superoxides 123-133 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 145-150 24028658-7 2013 At the cellular and mitochondrial levels, ROS were increased in yeast treated with ethanol and increased to a higher level in the ssq1 , isa1 , iba57 and grx5 mutants - hydrogen peroxide and superoxide were the main molecules detected. Superoxides 193-203 Fe-binding Fe/S cluster assembly protein ISA1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 137-141 24028658-7 2013 At the cellular and mitochondrial levels, ROS were increased in yeast treated with ethanol and increased to a higher level in the ssq1 , isa1 , iba57 and grx5 mutants - hydrogen peroxide and superoxide were the main molecules detected. Superoxides 193-203 Iba57p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 144-149 11970915-10 2002 Cytofluorometric analysis of ETA-treated 16 HBE 14o(-) cells labeled with DiOC(6)(3) and hydroethidine showed a time- and dose-dependent reduction of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential, detected 7 h after ETA treatment, and an increase in superoxide production, detected at 24 h, respectively. Superoxides 246-256 endothelin receptor type A Homo sapiens 29-32 23820268-1 2013 Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) may be uncoupled to produce superoxide rather than nitric oxide (NO) under pathological conditions such as diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance, leading to cardiac contractile anomalies. Superoxides 56-66 nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal Mus musculus 0-21 11970915-12 2002 Taken together, our results show that ETA-induced death of epithelial respiratory cells was preceded by early mitochondrial dysfunction and superoxide anion production, but was not followed by the classically described apoptotic pathways. Superoxides 140-156 endothelin receptor type A Homo sapiens 38-41 12006387-2 2002 Here, we investigated the role of isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase (ICMTase), which methylates isoprenylated CAAX (where C indicates cysteine; A, aliphatic amino acids; and X, almost any other amino acid) proteins, including Rac1, a component of superoxide-generating NAD(P)H oxidase, in the expression of VCAM-1. Superoxides 258-268 isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase Homo sapiens 34-78 12006387-2 2002 Here, we investigated the role of isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase (ICMTase), which methylates isoprenylated CAAX (where C indicates cysteine; A, aliphatic amino acids; and X, almost any other amino acid) proteins, including Rac1, a component of superoxide-generating NAD(P)H oxidase, in the expression of VCAM-1. Superoxides 258-268 isoprenylcysteine carboxyl methyltransferase Homo sapiens 80-87 11985541-4 2002 Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that superoxide (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) enhance BKCa channel activity in rat and cat cerebral arterioles; however, activity is decreased by peroxynitrite (ONOO-) in rat cerebral arteries. Superoxides 56-66 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 110-114 11985541-4 2002 Evidence from in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that superoxide (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) enhance BKCa channel activity in rat and cat cerebral arterioles; however, activity is decreased by peroxynitrite (ONOO-) in rat cerebral arteries. Superoxides 68-71 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 110-114 12042065-1 2002 HO2*, usually termed either hydroperoxyl radical or perhydroxyl radical, is the protonated form of superoxide; the protonation/deprotonation equilibrium exhibits a pK(a) of around 4.8. Superoxides 99-109 heme oxygenase 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 12069100-2 2002 Taken as an index for superoxide overproduction, a significant induction of superoxide dismutase activity was observed in complex V-deficient fibroblasts harboring the NARP-mutation in the ATPase 6 gene. Superoxides 22-32 mitochondrially encoded ATP synthase 6 Homo sapiens 189-197 12069112-3 2002 Cells with low frataxin content display generalized deficiency of mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster-containing proteins, which presumably denotes overproduction of superoxide radicals in these organelles. Superoxides 164-174 frataxin Homo sapiens 15-23 11832341-8 2002 Aldose reductase inhibition with zopolrestat also inhibited the hyperglycemia-induced increase in vascular superoxide. Superoxides 107-117 aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 0-16 11694543-7 2002 The isolated wild-type LIMK-overexpressing cells produced superoxide at a rate that was 3.2-fold higher than that of only GFP-expressing control cells, whereas the respiratory burst of dominant negative LIMK1(D460A)-expressing cells decreased to 31% of that of the control cells. Superoxides 58-68 LIM domain kinase 1 Homo sapiens 23-27 11780125-5 2002 Here we show that superoxide increases mitochondrial proton conductance through effects on UCP1, UCP2 and UCP3. Superoxides 18-28 uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 91-95 11780125-5 2002 Here we show that superoxide increases mitochondrial proton conductance through effects on UCP1, UCP2 and UCP3. Superoxides 18-28 uncoupling protein 3 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 106-110 12378822-11 2002 Therefore, BKCa channels may be refractory to superoxide, providing a compensatory mechanism for partially reversing the reduced dilator responses attributed to the dysfunction of other K+ channel types. Superoxides 46-56 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 11-15 11696014-0 2001 Neuronal nitric oxide synthase generates superoxide from the oxygenase domain. Superoxides 41-51 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 0-30 11696014-1 2001 When l-arginine is depleted, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) has been reported to generate superoxide. Superoxides 97-107 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 29-59 11696014-1 2001 When l-arginine is depleted, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) has been reported to generate superoxide. Superoxides 97-107 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 11696014-2 2001 A flavoprotein module construct of nNOS has been demonstrated to be sufficient for superoxide production. Superoxides 83-93 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 35-39 11696014-4 2001 We aimed to resolve these controversial issues by examining superoxide generation, without the addition of redox-active cofactors, by recombinant wild-type nNOS and by C415A-nNOS, which has a mutation in the haem proximal site. Superoxides 60-70 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 156-160 11696014-5 2001 In a superoxide-sensitive adrenochrome assay, the initial lag period of C415A-nNOS was increased 2-fold compared with that of native nNOS. Superoxides 5-15 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 78-82 11696014-5 2001 In a superoxide-sensitive adrenochrome assay, the initial lag period of C415A-nNOS was increased 2-fold compared with that of native nNOS. Superoxides 5-15 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 133-137 11696014-6 2001 With ESR using the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide, prominent signals of the superoxide adduct were obtained with wild-type nNOS, whereas an enzyme preparation boiled for 5 min did not produce superoxide. Superoxides 88-98 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 135-139 11696014-8 2001 Although the activity of the reductase domain was intact, superoxide generation from C415A-nNOS was decreased markedly, to only 10% of that of the wild-type enzyme. Superoxides 58-68 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 91-95 11696014-9 2001 These results demonstrate that nNOS truly catalyses superoxide formation, that this involves the oxygenase domain, and that full-length nNOS hinders the reductase domain from producing superoxide. Superoxides 52-62 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 31-35 11696014-9 2001 These results demonstrate that nNOS truly catalyses superoxide formation, that this involves the oxygenase domain, and that full-length nNOS hinders the reductase domain from producing superoxide. Superoxides 52-62 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 136-140 11696014-9 2001 These results demonstrate that nNOS truly catalyses superoxide formation, that this involves the oxygenase domain, and that full-length nNOS hinders the reductase domain from producing superoxide. Superoxides 185-195 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 31-35 11696014-9 2001 These results demonstrate that nNOS truly catalyses superoxide formation, that this involves the oxygenase domain, and that full-length nNOS hinders the reductase domain from producing superoxide. Superoxides 185-195 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 136-140 11598389-8 2001 The FMLP-activated neutrophils from IgAN patients produced more superoxide than those of MsPGN patients and normal controls. Superoxides 64-74 IGAN1 Homo sapiens 36-40 11598389-9 2001 CONCLUSION: The FMLP-activated neutrophils from patients with IgAN have differential effects in enhancing the cell death and the ET-1 production of glomerular mesangial cells through the release of superoxide. Superoxides 198-208 IGAN1 Homo sapiens 62-66 11731911-2 2001 Procyanidins strongly inhibit superoxide generation with an IC(50) of 7.2 microM, through a direct scavenging of superoxide and prevent the release from calcium ionophore activated neutrophils of beta-glucuronidase (IC(50) = 13.9 microM), myeloperoxidase (IC(50) = 7.2 microM) and elastase (IC(50) = 5.4 microM). Superoxides 30-40 glucuronidase beta Homo sapiens 196-214 11500508-2 2001 Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD1) is an abundant, largely cytosolic enzyme that scavenges superoxide anions. Superoxides 90-107 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 28-32 23730995-9 2013 Similarly, the superoxide generation in patients (P < 0.005) and controls (P = 0.001) was significantly increased by GM-CSF. Superoxides 15-25 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 120-126 23730995-11 2013 Enhancement of neutrophil phagocytosis and superoxide generation by GM-CSF requires further study. Superoxides 43-53 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 68-74 11580280-1 2001 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) cycles between the Mn(II) and Mn(III) states during the catalyzed disproportionation of O(2)(*-), a catalysis that is limited at micromolar levels of superoxide by a peroxide-inhibited complex with the metal. Superoxides 127-131 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-30 11580280-1 2001 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) cycles between the Mn(II) and Mn(III) states during the catalyzed disproportionation of O(2)(*-), a catalysis that is limited at micromolar levels of superoxide by a peroxide-inhibited complex with the metal. Superoxides 127-131 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 11580280-1 2001 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) cycles between the Mn(II) and Mn(III) states during the catalyzed disproportionation of O(2)(*-), a catalysis that is limited at micromolar levels of superoxide by a peroxide-inhibited complex with the metal. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 11580280-6 2001 Catalysis by W161A and W161F MnSOD was associated with a decrease of at least 100-fold in the catalytic rate of reduction of superoxide, which then promotes a competing pathway leading to product inhibition. Superoxides 125-135 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 29-34 11571247-0 2001 Nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) gene transfer modifies venous bypass graft remodeling: effects on vascular smooth muscle cell differentiation and superoxide production. Superoxides 143-153 nitric oxide synthase, brain Oryctolagus cuniculus 23-27 23824494-6 2013 Although the addition of V could promote superoxide dismutase in both shoots and roots to reduce superoxide radicals, peroxidase and catalase in shoots and ascorbate peroxidase and dehydroascorbate reductase in roots were major enzymes to eliminate H2O2 in wheat seedlings. Superoxides 41-51 peroxidase-like Triticum aestivum 118-128 23824494-6 2013 Although the addition of V could promote superoxide dismutase in both shoots and roots to reduce superoxide radicals, peroxidase and catalase in shoots and ascorbate peroxidase and dehydroascorbate reductase in roots were major enzymes to eliminate H2O2 in wheat seedlings. Superoxides 41-51 catalase-1 Triticum aestivum 133-141 23957209-4 2013 Among them, Thr341 in Noxo1 is directly phosphorylated by PKC in vitro, and alanine substitution for this residue reduces not only PMA-induced Noxo1 phosphorylation but also PMA-dependent enhancement of Nox1-catalyzed superoxide production. Superoxides 218-228 NADPH oxidase organizer 1 Homo sapiens 22-27 23957209-6 2013 Thus phosphorylation of Noxo1 at Thr341 appears to play a crucial role in PMA-elicited activation of Nox1, providing a molecular link between PKC-mediated signal transduction and Nox1-catalyzed superoxide production. Superoxides 194-204 NADPH oxidase organizer 1 Homo sapiens 24-29 23919599-2 2013 The superoxide-generating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase 2 (NOX2, encoded by the CYBB gene) and the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) play opposing roles in the balance of cellular redox status. Superoxides 4-14 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 140-164 23559014-0 2013 Phosphoinositide 3-kinase couples NMDA receptors to superoxide release in excitotoxic neuronal death. Superoxides 52-62 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta Homo sapiens 0-25 23410942-5 2013 JunD(-/-) mice displayed an age-independent decline in endothelial nitric oxide release and endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity and increased mitochondrial superoxide formation and peroxynitrite levels. Superoxides 163-173 jun D proto-oncogene Mus musculus 0-4 23314735-10 2013 RESULTS: Knockdown of p75NTR attenuates fenretinide-induced accumulation of mitochondrial superoxide and apoptosis. Superoxides 90-100 nerve growth factor receptor Homo sapiens 22-28 23232983-9 2013 The metabolic production of glutamate from proline proceeds by proline dehydrogenase (PRODH), producing superoxide. Superoxides 116-126 proline dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 98-103 11571247-7 2001 In late VGs, recombinant nNOS protein was no longer evident, but there were sustained effects on VG remodeling, resulting in a striking reduction in SMC intimal hyperplasia, a more differentiated intimal SMC phenotype, and reduced vascular superoxide production. Superoxides 240-250 nitric oxide synthase, brain Oryctolagus cuniculus 25-29 11529760-5 2001 The pH-dependent role of superoxide was probed using Mn-SOD and compared to guanosine and 8-methoxyguanosine photooxidation. Superoxides 25-35 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 53-59 11504692-9 2001 These data indicate that generation of O(2)(-) in BPASMCs in response to 5-HT is followed by an increase in intracellular H(2)O(2) that mediates 5-HT-induced mitogenesis through activation of ERK1/ERK2 but not of p38 MAP kinase. Superoxides 39-43 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Bos taurus 192-196 11555836-2 2001 Manganese (Mn)(2+)-dependent superoxide dismutase (SOD-2) is primarily responsible for metabolism of superoxide produced in mitochondria by respiratory chain activity during aerobic metabolism of glucose and other substrates. Superoxides 29-39 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 51-56 30147609-0 2001 Identification of Renox, a Novel Superoxide Producing Enzyme in Kidney. Superoxides 33-43 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 18-23 11554455-5 2001 DNA-binding activities of the transcription factors activator protein-1, activator protein-2, and nuclear factor-kappaB were all enhanced in the superoxide-overproducing cells. Superoxides 145-155 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 52-92 22307865-3 2013 We therefore investigated leptin"s antioxidant mechanism on superoxide (O (2) (- ) ) anions using spectrophotometry and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Superoxides 60-70 leptin Homo sapiens 26-32 22307865-3 2013 We therefore investigated leptin"s antioxidant mechanism on superoxide (O (2) (- ) ) anions using spectrophotometry and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Superoxides 72-77 leptin Homo sapiens 26-32 23319734-0 2013 Mitochondrial superoxide generation enhances P2X7R-mediated loss of cell surface CD62L on naive human CD4+ T lymphocytes. Superoxides 14-24 selectin L Homo sapiens 81-86 23865358-7 2013 IMD also significantly inhibited ET1-induced increases in cardiomyocyte size and superoxide generation. Superoxides 81-91 adrenomedullin 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-3 23865358-8 2013 CONCLUSIONS: IMD exerts an antihypertrophic effect on neonatal cardiomyocytes by reduced levels of superoxide, suggesting that an antioxidant action contributes to the antihypertrophic actions of IMD. Superoxides 99-109 adrenomedullin 2 Rattus norvegicus 13-16 23154660-0 2013 Endothelial dysfunction, macrophage infiltration and NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production were attenuated by erythropoietin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat aorta. Superoxides 77-87 erythropoietin Rattus norvegicus 118-132 23001375-0 2012 Enhanced phosphoinositide 3-kinase(p110alpha) activity prevents diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy and superoxide generation in a mouse model of diabetes. Superoxides 100-110 phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 Mus musculus 9-34 20954153-3 2001 Activity can be measured as described in this unit by a number of indirect competitive inhibition assays based on the principle that the superoxide anion radical will reduce an inhibitory substrate [such as nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) or cytochrome c] and SOD activity will reduce the rate of reduction in a competitive fashion. Superoxides 137-161 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 256-259 11455018-8 2001 CYP2J2 transfection attenuated the HR-induced increase in 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2alpha) (p < 0.05) and decreased the amount of extracellular superoxide detected by cytochrome c reduction under normoxic conditions (p < 0.05) but did not significantly affect HR-induced decreases in eNOS expression, L-arginine uptake and conversion, and nitrite production. Superoxides 144-154 cytochrome P450 2J2 Bos taurus 0-6 11455018-8 2001 CYP2J2 transfection attenuated the HR-induced increase in 8-iso-prostaglandin F(2alpha) (p < 0.05) and decreased the amount of extracellular superoxide detected by cytochrome c reduction under normoxic conditions (p < 0.05) but did not significantly affect HR-induced decreases in eNOS expression, L-arginine uptake and conversion, and nitrite production. Superoxides 144-154 LOC104968582 Bos taurus 167-179 11500544-3 2001 Addition of PA promoted the synthesis of superoxide in the PLD alpha-depleted plants, as measured by chemiluminescence and superoxide dismutase-inhibitable, NADPH-dependent reduction of cytochrome c and nitroblue tetrazolium. Superoxides 41-51 Cytochrome c Arabidopsis thaliana 186-198 23002436-11 2012 Our results also show that CL097 induced proline isomerase 1 (Pin1) activation and that juglone, a Pin1 inhibitor, inhibited CL097-mediated priming of fMLF-induced p47phox phosphorylation and superoxide production. Superoxides 192-202 inhibitor of growth family member 1 Homo sapiens 164-167 22964484-4 2012 Dramatic induction of mitochondrial superoxide generation and decrease in ATP production was observed, indicating that mitochondrial dysfunction is the major mechanism underlying MCT2 knockdown-induced ROS generation. Superoxides 36-46 solute carrier family 16 member 7 Homo sapiens 179-183 11371515-0 2001 Superoxide-induced massive apoptosis in cultured skin fibroblasts harboring the neurogenic ataxia retinitis pigmentosa (NARP) mutation in the ATPase-6 gene of the mitochondrial DNA. Superoxides 0-10 mitochondrially encoded ATP synthase 6 Homo sapiens 142-150 22930723-4 2012 However, in addition to NO, eNOS can also produce superoxide (O(2)(-)), exacerbating pathology. Superoxides 50-60 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 28-32 22829582-11 2012 Conversely, administration of either EUK134 or reduced hTrx, but not nitrated hTrx, attenuated MI/R-induced superoxide production, RAGE expression, and CML content and decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis in diabetic mice. Superoxides 108-118 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 55-59 22695936-5 2012 RESULTS: Insulin or (and) high glucose significantly increased intracellular ROS production in BRECs, and pretreatment of the cells with apocynin and LY294002 decreased insulin-induced superoxide anion production. Superoxides 185-201 insulin Bos taurus 9-16 22695936-5 2012 RESULTS: Insulin or (and) high glucose significantly increased intracellular ROS production in BRECs, and pretreatment of the cells with apocynin and LY294002 decreased insulin-induced superoxide anion production. Superoxides 185-201 insulin Bos taurus 169-176 11371515-6 2001 This established that the superoxide production associated with the ATPase deficiency triggered by the NARP mutation could be sufficient to override cell antioxidant defenses and to result in cell commitment to die. Superoxides 26-36 dynein axonemal heavy chain 8 Homo sapiens 68-74 11348997-0 2001 Novel gp91(phox) homologues in vascular smooth muscle cells : nox1 mediates angiotensin II-induced superoxide formation and redox-sensitive signaling pathways. Superoxides 99-109 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 62-66 22796671-0 2012 Erythropoietin attenuated vascular dysfunction and inflammation by inhibiting NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide production in nitric oxide synthase-inhibited hypertensive rat aorta. Superoxides 100-110 erythropoietin Rattus norvegicus 0-14 22836756-4 2012 We found that miR-21 inhibited the metabolism of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide, produced either by endogenous basal activities or exposure to ionizing radiation (IR), by directing attenuating SOD3 or by an indirect mechanism that limited TNFa production, thereby reducing SOD2 levels. Superoxides 49-59 microRNA 21 Homo sapiens 14-20 11348997-5 2001 We found that both nox1 and nox4 are expressed to a much higher degree than gp91(phox) in VSMCS: Although serum, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and Ang II downregulated nox4, they markedly upregulated nox1, suggesting that this enzyme may account for the delayed phase of superoxide production in these cells. Superoxides 280-290 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 19-23 11348997-5 2001 We found that both nox1 and nox4 are expressed to a much higher degree than gp91(phox) in VSMCS: Although serum, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and Ang II downregulated nox4, they markedly upregulated nox1, suggesting that this enzyme may account for the delayed phase of superoxide production in these cells. Superoxides 280-290 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 28-32 11348997-6 2001 Furthermore, an adenovirus expressing antisense nox1 mRNA completely inhibited the early phase of superoxide production induced by Ang II or PDGF and significantly decreased activation of the redox-sensitive signaling molecules p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and Akt by Ang II. Superoxides 98-108 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 48-52 23045062-3 2001 As described in this unit, this activity can be measured indirectly based on competition between SOD and an indicator molecule that reacts avidly with superoxide to produce a measurable change in absorption, thus it is possible to measure total SOD activity or that of CuZn-SOD and MnSOD. Superoxides 151-161 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 97-100 22747689-2 2012 It has several genetic variants: in particular, the C242T polymorphism of its p22(phox) subunit is associated with a different oxidase activity, being the T allele related to a lower superoxide production. Superoxides 184-194 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 78-81 22634165-13 2012 This negative effect was well-correlated with increased cAMP levels via PKA activity and the subsequent inhibition of ERK (p42/p44) phosphorylation to decrease superoxide anion production. Superoxides 160-176 cyclin dependent kinase 20 Homo sapiens 123-126 23045062-3 2001 As described in this unit, this activity can be measured indirectly based on competition between SOD and an indicator molecule that reacts avidly with superoxide to produce a measurable change in absorption, thus it is possible to measure total SOD activity or that of CuZn-SOD and MnSOD. Superoxides 151-161 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 245-248 23045062-3 2001 As described in this unit, this activity can be measured indirectly based on competition between SOD and an indicator molecule that reacts avidly with superoxide to produce a measurable change in absorption, thus it is possible to measure total SOD activity or that of CuZn-SOD and MnSOD. Superoxides 151-161 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 282-287 11286988-9 2001 Inhibition of COX-2 by CuDips was not sensitive to catalase, consistent with a superoxide-mediated effect. Superoxides 79-89 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 14-19 22636674-6 2012 Similar to ANG II, addition of IL-18 also induced superoxide generation, activated NF-kappaB and AP-1, and stimulated SMC migration and proliferation, in part via Nox1, and both ANG II and IL-18 induced NOX1 transcription in an AP-1-dependent manner. Superoxides 50-60 interleukin 18 Rattus norvegicus 31-36 11315931-8 2001 RESULTS: Activation of PMN by MPO-ANCA-positive IgG preparations compared with PR3-ANCA-positive IgG preparations resulted in greater generation of superoxide anions (MPO-ANCA-positive IgG preparations 9.13 +/- 0.39 nmoles [mean +/- SEM], PR3-ANCA-positive IgG preparations 6.32 +/- 0.35 nmoles; P < 0.001), Ca2+ fluxes (MPO-ANCA-positive IgG preparations 0.735 +/- 0.10, PR3-ANCA-positive IgG preparations 0.33 +/- 0.098; P < 0.01), and MPO degranulation (MPO-ANCA-positive IgG preparations 251.98 +/- 26.7 ng, PR3-ANCA-positive IgG preparations 145.19 +/- 19.4 ng; P < 0.001). Superoxides 148-165 proteinase 3 Homo sapiens 79-82 22288373-2 2012 Vascular superoxide, generated by uncoupled endothelial NOS (eNOS), may play a role. Superoxides 9-19 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 44-59 11159050-4 2001 Hypoxia (1% O2) inhibited the production of superoxide (O2-) and the induction of MnSOD, but not TNF-alpha, mRNA. Superoxides 12-14 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 82-87 11163531-9 2001 These observations suggest that epinephrine via beta(1)-adrenoceptor activation causes superoxide anion generation, and the superoxide subsequently upregulates the endogenous antioxidant species SOD. Superoxides 87-103 adrenoceptor beta 1 Homo sapiens 48-68 11163531-9 2001 These observations suggest that epinephrine via beta(1)-adrenoceptor activation causes superoxide anion generation, and the superoxide subsequently upregulates the endogenous antioxidant species SOD. Superoxides 87-97 adrenoceptor beta 1 Homo sapiens 48-68 11137713-2 2001 Protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) inhibitors attenuated the stimulated superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide production in macrophages stimulated with IL-1, LPS, or fMLP. Superoxides 67-77 interleukin 1 complex Mus musculus 157-161 22423051-7 2012 Superoxide production in uterine arteries did not differ between C57BL/6J and Nos3(-/-) mice but was significantly increased in placentas from Nos3(-/-) mice (P < 0.05). Superoxides 0-10 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 143-147 22561304-11 2012 Our findings suggest that APN may contribute to an increase in nitric oxide bioavailability by decreasing superoxide production as well as by inhibiting inflammation and adhesion molecules in the aorta in type 2 diabetic mice. Superoxides 106-116 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Mus musculus 26-29 22580024-7 2012 As shown, the super-oxide generation began enhancing very early on day 10 after SAG treatment with CD2 during which SAG action was at minimum. Superoxides 14-25 S-antigen, retina and pineal gland (arrestin) Mus musculus 80-83 22580024-7 2012 As shown, the super-oxide generation began enhancing very early on day 10 after SAG treatment with CD2 during which SAG action was at minimum. Superoxides 14-25 S-antigen, retina and pineal gland (arrestin) Mus musculus 116-119 22535762-6 2012 Superoxide production and lipid hydroperoxides in aorta were lower in mice fed C3G compared with those fed the HCD. Superoxides 0-10 Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 1 Mus musculus 79-82 22465246-2 2012 Our previous study showed that angiotensin II (Ang II) acutely increased hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) currents in nodose ganglion (NG) neurons via NADPH oxidase-superoxide signaling. Superoxides 190-200 cyclic nucleotide gated channel subunit alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 126-129 22361747-0 2012 Dysregulated TLR3-dependent signaling and innate immune activation in superoxide-deficient macrophages from nonobese diabetic mice. Superoxides 70-80 toll-like receptor 3 Mus musculus 13-17 22361747-2 2012 Superoxide-deficient nonobese diabetic mice (NOD.Ncf1(m1J)) are resistant to spontaneous diabetes, revealing the integral role of ROS signaling in T1D. Superoxides 0-10 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 49-53 11200073-8 2001 Generation of superoxide anion and release of elastase were suppressed in anti-PR3-pretreated neutrophils undergoing fMLP challenge. Superoxides 14-30 proteinase 3 Homo sapiens 79-82 11007780-1 2000 The superoxide (O(2))-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes consists of a membrane-associated flavocytochrome (cytochrome b(559)) and four cytosolic proteins, p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (Rac1 or -2). Superoxides 4-14 interleukin 9 Homo sapiens 190-193 11007780-1 2000 The superoxide (O(2))-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes consists of a membrane-associated flavocytochrome (cytochrome b(559)) and four cytosolic proteins, p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (Rac1 or -2). Superoxides 16-20 interleukin 9 Homo sapiens 190-193 11087221-1 2000 This study determined whether nociceptin/orphanin FQ (NOC/oFQ) generates superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) in a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent manner and whether such production contributes to hypoxic-ischemic (H-I) impairment of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced pial artery dilation in newborn pigs equipped with closed cranial windows. Superoxides 73-89 prepronociceptin Sus scrofa 30-40 11087221-1 2000 This study determined whether nociceptin/orphanin FQ (NOC/oFQ) generates superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) in a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent manner and whether such production contributes to hypoxic-ischemic (H-I) impairment of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced pial artery dilation in newborn pigs equipped with closed cranial windows. Superoxides 73-89 prepronociceptin Sus scrofa 41-52 11067938-10 2000 Furthermore, IL-1beta-triggered phosphorylation of all three MAPKs, including p38-MAPK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, and ERK, was substantially enhanced by superoxide. Superoxides 152-162 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 78-81 11067938-11 2000 Our data identify superoxide as a costimulatory factor amplifying cytokine-induced MMP-9 expression by interfering with the signaling cascades leading to the activation of AP-1 and NF-kappaB. Superoxides 18-28 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 172-176 11037884-9 2000 Our findings suggest a model for PMN activation in which 2 stimuli are required for O2- production: a first signal that also activates PMN beta2 integrins, followed by a second, beta2 integrin-mediated signal, which occurs physiologically upon PMN binding to ICAM-1. Superoxides 84-86 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2 Homo sapiens 178-183 11030714-2 2000 We studied whether AT2 receptor could antagonize AT1 mediated superoxide formation in endothelial cells. Superoxides 62-72 angiotensin II receptor type 2 Homo sapiens 19-22 11030714-2 2000 We studied whether AT2 receptor could antagonize AT1 mediated superoxide formation in endothelial cells. Superoxides 62-72 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 49-52 11090627-1 2000 p67phox is an essential part of the NADPH oxidase, a multiprotein enzyme complex that produces superoxide ions in response to microbial infection. Superoxides 95-105 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-7 22392901-4 2012 We hypothesized that a reduction of placental perfusion using a rat model of reduced uteroplacental perfusion pressure would result in enhanced LOX-1 expression in the maternal vasculature causing impaired vascular endothelial function through the actions of increased superoxide production and decreased NO-mediated vasodilation. Superoxides 269-279 oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 Rattus norvegicus 144-149 22459924-3 2012 In vitro antioxidant assays showed that FUP-1 exhibited strong hydroxyl, superoxide anion and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical-scavenging activities. Superoxides 73-89 BTB (POZ) domain containing 7 Mus musculus 40-45 22287576-5 2012 Increased endothelial superoxide production increased endothelial levels of vascular cell adhesion protein 1 and enhanced macrophage recruitment in early lesions in the aortic roots of 9-week-old mice, indicating increased atherosclerotic plaque initiation. Superoxides 22-32 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Mus musculus 76-108 22147556-5 2012 The results revealed an over-expression of iNOS and HO-1 in the papilla, compared with that in the pulp, mediated by the nuclear factor kappa B transcription factor activated by the reactive oxygen species that acts as scavengers for the superoxide radicals. Superoxides 238-248 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 52-56 22613645-1 2012 BACKGROUND: The p22phox is a critical component of the superoxide-generating vascular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. Superoxides 55-65 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 16-23 11057762-5 2000 The stimulatory effect of GRP and NPY on mobility, ingestion and superoxide production in macrophages from adult mice disappears (GRP) or changes to inhibition (NPY) in cells from old animals. Superoxides 65-75 neuropeptide Y Mus musculus 34-37 10973620-1 2000 We investigated the involvement of p160ROCK (a Rho-associated coiled coil-forming protein kinase), one of Rho kinases on superoxide anion production (O(2)(-) production), aggregation and adhesion of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes under physiological condition, using a selective p160ROCK inhibitor, (+)-(R)-trans-4-(1-aminoethyl)-N-(4-pyridyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide (Y-27632). Superoxides 121-137 Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 35-43 10973620-1 2000 We investigated the involvement of p160ROCK (a Rho-associated coiled coil-forming protein kinase), one of Rho kinases on superoxide anion production (O(2)(-) production), aggregation and adhesion of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes under physiological condition, using a selective p160ROCK inhibitor, (+)-(R)-trans-4-(1-aminoethyl)-N-(4-pyridyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide (Y-27632). Superoxides 150-154 Rho associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 Homo sapiens 35-43 11020659-0 2000 Detection of superoxide anion released extracellularly by endothelial cells using cytochrome c reduction, ESR, fluorescence and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence techniques. Superoxides 13-29 LOC104968582 Bos taurus 82-94 10962132-6 2000 Increased SOD-activities in the mitochondria could lower the superoxide concentration in this organelle and may prevent an oxidative and/or nitrosative damage via a decreased peroxynitrite formation. Superoxides 61-71 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 10-13 10924720-10 2000 The findings suggest that large changes in the SOD isoenzymes might occur in vascular diseases, significantly altering the susceptibility of the vascular wall to adverse effects of the superoxide radical. Superoxides 185-195 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 47-50 10926968-0 2000 Superoxide generation links nociceptin/orphanin FQ (NOC/oFQ) release to impaired N-methyl-D-aspartate cerebrovasodilation after brain injury. Superoxides 0-10 prepronociceptin Sus scrofa 28-38 22196056-3 2012 Our recent studies revealed that the dioxygenase reaction catalyzed by hIDO and TDO is initiated by addition of the ferric iron-bound superoxide to the C(2) C(3) bond of Trp to form a ferryl and Trp-epoxide intermediate, via a 2-indolenylperoxo radical transition state. Superoxides 134-144 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 71-75 21902452-7 2012 Mitochondrial protein carbonylation in Prx3 KO adipose tissue and mitochondrial superoxide level in Prx3 knockdown 3T3-L1 cells were increased showing aberrant regulation of oxidative stress. Superoxides 80-90 peroxiredoxin 3 Mus musculus 100-104 22041456-2 2012 The hypothesis that mutations in SDHD increase levels of superoxide leading to genomic instability was tested using site-directed mutagenesis to generate a truncated SDHD cDNA that was expressed in Chinese hamster fibroblasts. Superoxides 57-67 succinate dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] cytochrome b small subunit, mitochondrial Cricetulus griseus 33-37 22195275-4 2012 Here, we have examined the direct effect of HO-1 and its bioactive metabolites on hypoxia-induced changes in superoxide and sFlt-1 in placental vascular explants and showed that HO-1 and its metabolites attenuate the production of both factors in this system. Superoxides 109-119 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 22195275-4 2012 Here, we have examined the direct effect of HO-1 and its bioactive metabolites on hypoxia-induced changes in superoxide and sFlt-1 in placental vascular explants and showed that HO-1 and its metabolites attenuate the production of both factors in this system. Superoxides 109-119 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 178-182 10926968-0 2000 Superoxide generation links nociceptin/orphanin FQ (NOC/oFQ) release to impaired N-methyl-D-aspartate cerebrovasodilation after brain injury. Superoxides 0-10 prepronociceptin Sus scrofa 39-50 10919671-1 2000 Manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is an essential primary antioxidant enzyme that converts superoxide radical to hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen within the mitochondrial matrix. Superoxides 107-125 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-41 10919671-1 2000 Manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is an essential primary antioxidant enzyme that converts superoxide radical to hydrogen peroxide and molecular oxygen within the mitochondrial matrix. Superoxides 107-125 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 43-48 10869423-3 2000 We have characterized a source of superoxide anions in the kidney that we refer to as a renal NAD(P)H oxidase or Renox. Superoxides 34-51 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 88-109 21963612-5 2012 Transgenic lines where the GRXS13 gene has been knocked down show increased basal levels of superoxide radicals and reduced plant growth. Superoxides 92-102 Glutaredoxin family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 27-33 21963612-8 2012 Alterations in GRXS13 expression also affect superoxide levels and the ascorbate/dehydroascorbate ratio after HL-induced stress. Superoxides 45-55 Glutaredoxin family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 15-21 23149576-0 2012 Class-IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110beta Triggers GPCR-induced superoxide production in p110gamma-deficient murine neutrophils. Superoxides 66-76 phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1 Mus musculus 9-34 22529530-1 2012 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3), an enzyme mediating dismutation of superoxide into hydrogen peroxide, has been shown to reduce inflammation by inhibiting macrophage migration into injured tissues. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 36-40 22529530-2 2012 In inflamed tissues, superoxide is produced by the phagocytic NOX2 complex, which consists of the catalytic subunit NOX2 and several regulatory subunits (e.g., NCF1). Superoxides 21-31 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 160-164 22144277-5 2012 On the other hand, in the presence of either p67( phox ) or Noxa1, Rac facilitates superoxide production by Nox3, which is responsible in the inner ear for formation of otoconia, tiny mineralized structures that are required for sensing balance and gravity. Superoxides 117-127 NADPH oxidase 3 Homo sapiens 142-146 21877148-7 2012 SYD-1 (100 muM) was also able to increase the production of superoxide anion (~50%). Superoxides 60-76 synapse defective Rho GTPase homolog 1 Homo sapiens 0-14 10869423-3 2000 We have characterized a source of superoxide anions in the kidney that we refer to as a renal NAD(P)H oxidase or Renox. Superoxides 34-51 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 113-118 10869423-6 2000 NIH 3T3 fibroblasts overexpressing transfected Renox show increased production of superoxide and develop signs of cellular senescence. Superoxides 82-92 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 47-52 11039304-10 2000 Following the application of both MPTP and NGF, the activity of SOD and GSH-Px remained on control values, while the superoxide anion content was decreased, compared to controls. Superoxides 117-133 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 43-46 10766782-6 2000 We propose that this increased iron demand in the sod1 mutant may be a reflection of the cells" efforts to reconstitute iron-sulfur cluster-containing enzymes that are continuously inactivated in conditions of excess superoxide. Superoxides 217-227 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 50-54 10718345-6 2000 Resveratrol treatment caused a significant impairment of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) induction stimulated by LPS and PMA or by O2- or H2O2 exposure. Superoxides 124-126 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Mus musculus 57-73 10718345-6 2000 Resveratrol treatment caused a significant impairment of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) induction stimulated by LPS and PMA or by O2- or H2O2 exposure. Superoxides 124-126 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Mus musculus 75-80 10985929-0 2000 The link between met-enkephalin-induced down-regulation of APN activity and the release of superoxide anion. Superoxides 91-107 alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane Homo sapiens 59-62 10736065-12 2000 These results suggest that superoxide anions intraluminally generated within cerebral microvessels participate in the development of neuronal tolerance as well as the induction of hsp 72 following PC. Superoxides 27-44 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1A Rattus norvegicus 180-186 22396743-1 2012 BACKGROUND: The C242T polymorphism of the CYBA gene that encodes p22phox, a component of NADPH oxidase, has been found to modulate superoxide production. Superoxides 131-141 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 42-46 22396743-1 2012 BACKGROUND: The C242T polymorphism of the CYBA gene that encodes p22phox, a component of NADPH oxidase, has been found to modulate superoxide production. Superoxides 131-141 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 65-72 10873967-5 2000 Superoxide anion production (respiratory burst) was determined by lucigenin enhanced chemiluminescence (LUCL); secondary granule lactoferrin release by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); and CD11b, CD18, and CD62L expression by flow cytometric analysis. Superoxides 0-16 selectin L Homo sapiens 216-221 10623852-8 2000 Finally, the stimulation of superoxide production observed in response to CD32 cross-linking was enhanced in calyculin-treated cells. Superoxides 28-38 Fc gamma receptor IIa Homo sapiens 74-78 24601995-6 2015 However, in recent years it has been shown that spermatozoa naturally produce a variety of ROS/RNS, including superoxide anion radical (O2 ( -)), hydrogen peroxide and NO. Superoxides 110-134 FAM20C golgi associated secretory pathway kinase Homo sapiens 95-98 34826531-6 2022 Meanwhile, Au NS exhibited enhanced ROS scavenging efficiency of hydrogen peroxides and superoxide, which was helpful to restrain the activity of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors beta (PPARbeta) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), thereby reducing HSCs proliferation to enhance HSCs inactivation efficacy. Superoxides 88-98 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha Homo sapiens 197-205 34883403-5 2021 Here, we uncovered the critical roles of RND3 in attenuating superoxide production, VSMCs migration and proliferation, and vascular remodeling in hypertension and its underline mechanisms. Superoxides 61-71 Rho family GTPase 3 Rattus norvegicus 41-45 34883403-8 2021 RND3 overexpression in VSMCs reduced NAD(P)H oxidase (NOX) activity, NOX1 and NOX2 expressions, mitochondria superoxide generation, and H2O2 production in SHR. Superoxides 109-119 Rho family GTPase 3 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 34883403-11 2021 ROCK1 overexpression promoted NOX1 and NOX2 expressions, superoxide and H2O2 production, VSMCs migration and proliferation in both WKY and SHR, which were attenuated by RND3 overexpression. Superoxides 57-67 Rho family GTPase 3 Rattus norvegicus 169-173 34883403-13 2021 These results indicate that RND3 attenuates VSMCs migration and proliferation, hypertension and vascular remodeling in SHR via inhibiting ROCK1-NOX1/2 and mitochondria superoxide signaling. Superoxides 168-178 Rho family GTPase 3 Rattus norvegicus 28-32 34786709-7 2022 The sickling effect of IL-1beta-treated platelet supernatant was inhibited by a transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) neutralising antibody, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase inhibition, and superoxide scavengers, but replicated by recombinant TGF-beta. Superoxides 222-232 interleukin 1 alpha Mus musculus 23-31 34801863-3 2021 Here, we demonstrate that moderate mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production oxidates KEAP1, thus breaking the interaction between this protein and PGAM5, leading to the inhibition of its proteasomal degradation. Superoxides 49-59 PGAM family member 5, mitochondrial serine/threonine protein phosphatase Homo sapiens 164-169 34801863-7 2021 Together, our results show that KEAP1/PGAM5 complex senses mitochondrially generated superoxide/hydrogen peroxide to induce mitophagy. Superoxides 85-95 PGAM family member 5, mitochondrial serine/threonine protein phosphatase Homo sapiens 38-43 34547902-2 2021 However, reperfusion of myocardium results in superoxide (O2 -) generation, which promotes eNOS glutathionylation that produces O2 - instead of NO. Superoxides 46-56 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 91-95 10644521-3 2000 However, evidence strongly suggests that cellular supply of L-Arg may become limiting and lead to reduced NO and increased superoxide anion (O(-)(2)*) formation, promoting cardiovascular dysfunction. Superoxides 123-139 Rho guanine nucleotide exchange factor 12 Homo sapiens 60-65 10601249-6 1999 Surprisingly, however, a single D200H mutation, targeting the fourth potential copper ligand in CCS, granted significant superoxide scavenging activity to this metallochaperone that was readily detected with CCS expressed in yeast. Superoxides 121-131 copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase Homo sapiens 96-99 10601249-6 1999 Surprisingly, however, a single D200H mutation, targeting the fourth potential copper ligand in CCS, granted significant superoxide scavenging activity to this metallochaperone that was readily detected with CCS expressed in yeast. Superoxides 121-131 copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase Homo sapiens 208-211 10611283-9 1999 Human b5+b5R flavohemoprotein is a NAD(P)H oxidoreductase, demonstrated by superoxide production in the presence of air and excess NAD(P)H and by cytochrome c reduction in vitro. Superoxides 75-85 cytochrome b5 reductase 3 Homo sapiens 9-12 34089877-5 2021 Sestrin knockdown in HgCl2-exposed midguts decreased survival rates and climbing ability of flies, and inhibited superoxide dismutase and glutathione-S-transferase activities of midgut epithelieum. Superoxides 113-123 Sestrin Drosophila melanogaster 0-7 10545213-2 1999 Two alternative hypotheses were tested: (i) that overexpression of Mn superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD) in the mitochondria of Drosophila melanogaster would slow the accrual of oxidative damage and prolong survival or (ii) that there is an evolved optimum level of superoxide anion radical, such that overexpression of Mn SOD would have deleterious or neutral effects. Superoxides 261-285 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 67-90 10545213-2 1999 Two alternative hypotheses were tested: (i) that overexpression of Mn superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD) in the mitochondria of Drosophila melanogaster would slow the accrual of oxidative damage and prolong survival or (ii) that there is an evolved optimum level of superoxide anion radical, such that overexpression of Mn SOD would have deleterious or neutral effects. Superoxides 261-285 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 92-98 10556201-5 1999 Superoxide production was found to be reduced in both granulocytes and monocytes of C/EBPepsilon-/- mice. Superoxides 0-10 CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), epsilon Mus musculus 84-99 34275335-6 2021 The GCH1 (guanosine triphosphate cyclohydrolase I)-mediated biosynthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin was enhanced, reducing intracellular superoxide. Superoxides 133-143 GTP cyclohydrolase 1 Mus musculus 4-8 34531248-3 2021 METHODS: MitoTEMPO, a scavenger of mitochondrial superoxide, abolished the antitumor effect of Met, but not antiprogrammed cell death (PD-1) antibody (Ab) treatment. Superoxides 49-59 SAFB like transcription modulator Homo sapiens 95-98 10498818-5 1999 Elevated levels of superoxide, generated either intracellularly by paraquat or extracellularly via xanthine oxidase and hypoxanthine, resulted dose-dependently in a larger decline of cell viability in the .NO forming cultures compared to controls (release of lactate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, stainability by propidium iodide, and tetramethylrhodamine). Superoxides 19-29 citrate synthase Homo sapiens 282-298 34139309-0 2021 Nitric Oxide and heme-NO stimulate superoxide production by NADPH Oxidase 5. Superoxides 35-45 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 60-75 34139309-3 2021 We studied the effect of NO and heme-NO on the transmembrane signaling enzyme NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5), a heme protein which produces superoxide in response to increases in intracellular calcium. Superoxides 132-142 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 78-93 34139309-3 2021 We studied the effect of NO and heme-NO on the transmembrane signaling enzyme NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5), a heme protein which produces superoxide in response to increases in intracellular calcium. Superoxides 132-142 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 95-99 34285796-9 2021 A noticeable decline in activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes besides considerable increase in the levels of lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species was observed in head capsule homogenates of alpha-synuclein-expressing flies, which indicates obvious involvement of oxidative stress as a causal factor in SNCA E46K neurotoxicity. Superoxides 49-59 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 216-231 34285796-9 2021 A noticeable decline in activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes besides considerable increase in the levels of lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species was observed in head capsule homogenates of alpha-synuclein-expressing flies, which indicates obvious involvement of oxidative stress as a causal factor in SNCA E46K neurotoxicity. Superoxides 49-59 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 328-332 10506947-15 1999 Xanthine oxidase has been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of post-ischemic reperfusion tissue injury through the generation of reactive oxygen species, while the extensive tissue localization of xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase suggests several other roles for this enzyme, including a protective barrier against bacterial infection by producing either superoxide radicals or uric acid. Superoxides 364-383 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 208-238 10523394-0 1999 Ang II-stimulated superoxide production is mediated via phospholipase D in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Superoxides 18-28 angiogenin Homo sapiens 0-3 34176927-2 2021 Here we showed that LDHA and LDHB both exhibited hydrogen peroxide-producing activity, which was significantly enhanced by the superoxide generated from the isolated mitochondria from HeLa cells and patients" cholangiocarcinoma specimen. Superoxides 127-137 lactate dehydrogenase B Homo sapiens 29-33 10540223-2 1999 Superoxide generation associated with respiratory burst is largely dependent on the assembly of the NADPH oxidase complex in the membrane, consisting of membrane-bound cytochrome b558 and translocated p47phox and p67phox. Superoxides 0-10 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 213-220 10512624-2 1999 We have made a mutant containing the conservative replacement Trp 161 --> Phe in human MnSOD (W161F MnSOD), determined its crystal structure, and measured the catalysis of the resulting mutant using pulse radiolysis to produce O(2)(*)(-). Superoxides 230-234 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 90-95 34156590-7 2021 Resistin decreased ROS levels and superoxide dismutase activity and increased glutathione reductase and catalase activities in PBMC from controls but not from patients. Superoxides 34-44 resistin Homo sapiens 0-8 10464245-1 1999 The small GTP-binding protein Rac1, a member of the Ras superfamily, plays a fundamental role in cytoskeleton reorganization, cellular transformation, the induction of DNA synthesis, and superoxide production. Superoxides 187-197 Rac family small GTPase 1 Mus musculus 30-34 10485709-5 1999 Here we describe the cloning of mox1, which encodes a homologue of the catalytic subunit of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes, gp91phox. Superoxides 96-106 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 147-155 34249270-4 2021 Results: SIRT3 KO caused increased expression of Scr, pKIM-1, and inducible nitric oxide synthase protein in the kidneys of septic mice, and decreased the levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and mitochondrial complex enzymes I/II/III/IV. Superoxides 165-175 sirtuin 3 Mus musculus 9-14 10452867-5 1999 PMNs were isolated and superoxide anion (O(-)(2)) generation (nmol O(-)(2)/3.75 x 10(5) PMNs/min) was measured by reduction of cytochrome c after exposure to fMLP, C5a, or PMA; elastase release (% total PMN elastase content) was measured by cleavage of AAPV-pNA after exposure to fMLP or C5a. Superoxides 23-39 elastase, neutrophil expressed Homo sapiens 203-215 10455106-6 1999 This study shows that the inhibited complex responsible for the zero-order phase in the catalysis by Mn-SOD of superoxide dismutation can be reached through both the forward (O-(2)) and reverse (H(2)O(2)) reactions, supporting a mechanism in which the zero-order phase results from product inhibition. Superoxides 111-121 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 101-107 10443513-9 1999 Preincubation of PMN with endothelin-1 receptor antagonist decreased superoxide anion production by cells exposed to plasma taken from coronary sinus at the beginning of reperfusion (17.6 +/- 2.0, p < 0.05). Superoxides 69-85 endothelin receptor type A Homo sapiens 26-47 10318872-9 1999 Analyses of the biological activities showed that hMBPH had effects similar to hMBP in cell killing and neutrophil (superoxide anion production and interleukin-8 release) and basophil (histamine and leukotriene C4 release) stimulation assays, but usually with reduced potency. Superoxides 116-132 myelin basic protein Homo sapiens 50-54 10226064-2 1999 Here, we report that hydrogen peroxide or 3-morpholinosydnonimine, which simultaneously releases nitric oxide and superoxide, synergize with the cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha to activate NF-kappaB in rat lung epithelial cells, suggesting that signaling pathways elicited by reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are different from TNF-induced signaling. Superoxides 114-124 tumor necrosis factor-like Rattus norvegicus 177-180 35513204-9 2022 Two days after ischemia, treatment with PEP-1-PGAM5 significantly alleviated the ischemia-induced reduction in glutathione peroxidase activity and further increased superoxide dismutase activity in the hippocampus. Superoxides 165-175 CNDP dipeptidase 2 (metallopeptidase M20 family) Mus musculus 40-45 35609009-3 2022 CGA antioxidant effects mediated through the Nrf2-heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway were shown to enhance the levels of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferases, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase as well as glutathione content. Superoxides 149-159 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 50-66 35394776-7 2022 SeP could not only alleviate PAT-induced oxidative stress by decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) and increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) levels in the jejunum tissues but also alleviate the inflammatory response caused by PAT by reducing the levels of inflammatory factors (interleukin (IL)-6 snd IL-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)) in the serum and jejunum tissues. Superoxides 109-119 membrane metallo-endopeptidase-like 1 Mus musculus 0-3 35453391-4 2022 We found that the selective deletion of SIRT3 in endothelial cells further impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in the aorta treated with IL-1beta, which was accompanied by upregulation of vascular inflammation markers and mitochondrial superoxide overproduction. Superoxides 246-256 sirtuin 3 Mus musculus 40-45 35453391-4 2022 We found that the selective deletion of SIRT3 in endothelial cells further impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in the aorta treated with IL-1beta, which was accompanied by upregulation of vascular inflammation markers and mitochondrial superoxide overproduction. Superoxides 246-256 interleukin 1 alpha Mus musculus 147-155 35401119-3 2022 The present study was designed to investigate the effect of GPX1 on cochlear spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) against oxidative stress induced by peroxynitrite, a versatile oxidant generated by the reaction of superoxide anion and nitric oxide. Superoxides 208-224 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 60-64 10024567-5 1999 O2- production by granulocytes during stimulation was assessed by measuring the reduction of ferricytochrome c. PYV+ Y. enterocolitica inhibited O2- production by granulocytes incubated with opsonized Y. enterocolitica or N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (f-MLP). Superoxides 0-2 cysteine and glycine rich protein 3 Homo sapiens 246-249 2553162-1 1989 Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) enhanced superoxide release and membrane depolarization in parallel in human granulocytes stimulated by the receptor-mediated agonists, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine and wheat germ agglutinin, but not by the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin and phorbol myristate acetate, which bypass the receptors to stimulate the cells. Superoxides 75-85 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 18-55 2553162-1 1989 Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) enhanced superoxide release and membrane depolarization in parallel in human granulocytes stimulated by the receptor-mediated agonists, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine and wheat germ agglutinin, but not by the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin and phorbol myristate acetate, which bypass the receptors to stimulate the cells. Superoxides 75-85 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 61-64 2553814-1 1989 Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a flavin-dependent enzyme which uses superoxide anion as a cosubstrate to catalyze the decyclization of the pyrrole ring of L-tryptophan to form formylkynurenine. Superoxides 74-90 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 0-27 2553814-1 1989 Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a flavin-dependent enzyme which uses superoxide anion as a cosubstrate to catalyze the decyclization of the pyrrole ring of L-tryptophan to form formylkynurenine. Superoxides 74-90 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 29-32 2553491-6 1989 The augmentation in DAG generation correlated with an enhancement by GM-CSF of superoxide generation in response to fMLP. Superoxides 79-89 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 69-75 2551966-11 1989 Quantitation of cross-linked receptors that were inactive, i.e., no longer stimulating superoxide anion production, indicated that 50% of internalizable, and therefore cross-linked, Fc gamma RI remained on the surface after oxidase activity had ceased. Superoxides 87-103 Fc gamma receptor Ia Homo sapiens 182-193 2552811-0 1989 Ceruloplasmin reduces the adhesion and scavenges superoxide during the interaction of activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes with endothelial cells. Superoxides 49-59 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 0-13 2552811-8 1989 The data show that ceruloplasmin reduced, in a dose dependent manner, the levels of superoxide produced by the activated PMNs, further supporting ceruloplasmin"s previously reported role as a scavenger of superoxide. Superoxides 84-94 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 19-32 2552811-8 1989 The data show that ceruloplasmin reduced, in a dose dependent manner, the levels of superoxide produced by the activated PMNs, further supporting ceruloplasmin"s previously reported role as a scavenger of superoxide. Superoxides 84-94 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 146-159 2552811-8 1989 The data show that ceruloplasmin reduced, in a dose dependent manner, the levels of superoxide produced by the activated PMNs, further supporting ceruloplasmin"s previously reported role as a scavenger of superoxide. Superoxides 205-215 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 19-32 2552811-8 1989 The data show that ceruloplasmin reduced, in a dose dependent manner, the levels of superoxide produced by the activated PMNs, further supporting ceruloplasmin"s previously reported role as a scavenger of superoxide. Superoxides 205-215 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 146-159 2552811-9 1989 Ceruloplasmin also reduced the levels of superoxide when activated PMNs were in contact with endothelial cells. Superoxides 41-51 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 0-13 10072549-5 1999 Human eosinophils produced superoxide when stimulated with immobilized IgG, soluble IL-5, or PAF. Superoxides 27-37 interleukin 5 Homo sapiens 84-88 2553603-5 1989 The addition of C1q molecules to the cells in suspension enhanced superoxide generation by vascular smooth muscle cells. Superoxides 66-76 complement C1q A chain Homo sapiens 16-19 2553603-7 1989 These results suggest that C1q binds on the membrane of vascular smooth muscle cells via its specific receptor that mediates immune complex binding to the cells and superoxide generation. Superoxides 165-175 complement C1q A chain Homo sapiens 27-30 10072549-8 1999 Furthermore, structurally distinct PAF antagonists, including CV6209, hexanolamine PAF, and Y-24180 (israpafant), inhibited IgG- or IL-5-induced superoxide production and degranulation. Superoxides 145-155 interleukin 5 Homo sapiens 132-136 2547873-2 1989 This study examined the ability of four neutral proteases: cathepsin G, elastase, chymotrypsin, and trypsin, to modify PMN superoxide response to FMLP, PMA, and arachidonate. Superoxides 123-133 cathepsin G Homo sapiens 59-80 2547873-3 1989 In response to 1 microM FMLP, PMN treated with cathepsin G, chymotrypsin, or elastase showed 64%, 60%, and 32% increases, respectively, in superoxide generation when compared with control, untreated cells (p less than 0.05 for each). Superoxides 139-149 cathepsin G Homo sapiens 47-58 2547873-5 1989 Enhancement of superoxide response was not stimulus specific; in response to 10 ng/ml PMA, cells treated with cathepsin G showed a 84%, and elastase a 57%, increase in superoxide generation (p less than 0.05 for both) with a marked reduction in the time required for onset of this response. Superoxides 15-25 cathepsin G Homo sapiens 110-121 10037473-4 1999 The endangering action of mutant PS1 was associated with increased superoxide production, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, and caspase activation. Superoxides 67-77 presenilin 1 Homo sapiens 33-36 2547873-5 1989 Enhancement of superoxide response was not stimulus specific; in response to 10 ng/ml PMA, cells treated with cathepsin G showed a 84%, and elastase a 57%, increase in superoxide generation (p less than 0.05 for both) with a marked reduction in the time required for onset of this response. Superoxides 168-178 cathepsin G Homo sapiens 110-121 2547782-2 1989 Cross-linking of the high affinity Fc receptor for human immunoglobulin G1 (Fc gamma RI) on U937 cells triggered superoxide anion (O-2) release. Superoxides 113-129 Fc gamma receptor Ia Homo sapiens 76-87 10084304-4 1999 Our results show that both a transient heat shock (20 min at 42 degrees C) and various oxidative stresses, including hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion, hyperoxia and UVA exposure, induce a strong increase in clusterin mRNA levels as assessed by northern blot. Superoxides 136-152 clusterin Homo sapiens 210-219 2547782-2 1989 Cross-linking of the high affinity Fc receptor for human immunoglobulin G1 (Fc gamma RI) on U937 cells triggered superoxide anion (O-2) release. Superoxides 131-134 Fc gamma receptor Ia Homo sapiens 76-87 2547782-10 1989 Thus, continuous O2- production appeared to be dependent upon continuous de novo formation of cross-linked and activated Fc gamma RI. Superoxides 17-19 Fc gamma receptor Ia Homo sapiens 121-132 2547782-11 1989 Furthermore, the mol of O2- released in response to Fc gamma RI cross-linking by the multivalent ligand mAb 197 were directly proportional to the mol of mAb bound over a range of saturating and subsaturating concentrations. Superoxides 24-26 Fc gamma receptor Ia Homo sapiens 52-63 2547782-15 1989 Dissociation of Fc gamma RI from its cytoskeletal attachment occurred well after cessation of O2- production. Superoxides 94-96 Fc gamma receptor Ia Homo sapiens 16-27 2547784-2 1989 GM-CSF enhances the production of superoxide anion (O2-) by mature neutrophils in response to chemotactic peptides such as formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), but alone it has no effect on this system. Superoxides 34-50 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-6 2547784-2 1989 GM-CSF enhances the production of superoxide anion (O2-) by mature neutrophils in response to chemotactic peptides such as formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), but alone it has no effect on this system. Superoxides 52-54 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-6 2541203-0 1989 IFN-gamma and LPS overcome glucocorticoid inhibition of priming for superoxide release in human monocytes. Superoxides 68-78 interferon regulatory factor 6 Homo sapiens 14-17 10026150-8 1999 Spectrophotometric examination of nNOS revealed that the addition of NaClO4 and a superoxide-generating system, but neither alone, prevented the increase of heme absorption at 436 nm, which has been attributed to the nitrosyl complex. Superoxides 82-92 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 34-38 9920876-1 1999 Mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) is the primary cellular defense against damaging superoxide radicals generated by aerobic metabolism and as a consequence of inflammatory disease. Superoxides 24-34 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 46-52 2544273-2 1989 For assessment of the production of O2- and H2O2 he used the colorimetric method described by Pick and Keisari. Superoxides 36-38 protein interacting with PRKCA 1 Homo sapiens 94-98 9886257-2 1999 MnSOD dismutates the superoxide anion (O2*-) derived from the reduction of molecular oxygen to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which is detoxified by glutathione peroxidase to water and molecular oxygen. Superoxides 21-37 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-5 2719988-1 1989 Unable to oxidize orcinol (3,5-dihydroxytoluene) under conventional conditions, ceruloplasmin (Cp) catalyzes its oxidation when superoxide radicals are injected into the solution with the aid of a high-voltage generator. Superoxides 128-138 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 80-93 9919565-8 1999 We conclude that the use of ESR spin-trapping techniques, although not free of problems, is a viable technique for the detection and quantification of superoxide in systems containing nNOS. Superoxides 151-161 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 184-188 2562430-5 1989 In contrast PAF appears to be only a weak stimulus of superoxide anion production (compared to the phorbol ester phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA] and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) synthesis (compared to the Ca2+ ionophore A23187). Superoxides 54-70 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 12-15 2848761-0 1988 Modulation of human neutrophil and monocyte chemotaxis and superoxide responses by recombinant TNF-alpha and GM-CSF. Superoxides 59-69 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 109-115 2848761-9 1988 GM-CSF was as potent as TNF in enhancing the generation of superoxide response by neutrophils. Superoxides 59-69 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-6 11127803-1 1999 The present study was designed to investigate the effect of interferon-alpha ( INF-alpha) on the production of leukotrienes (LTs) and superoxide radicals when intact human neutrophils were stimulated with calcium ionophore (A23187). Superoxides 134-144 interferon alpha 17 Homo sapiens 79-88 2848761-13 1988 Inhibition of neutrophil chemotaxis followed by enhancement of the superoxide response by TNF and GM-CSF may provide an attractive mechanism by which these cytokines assist in fighting invading microorganisms. Superoxides 67-77 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 98-104 2853694-9 1988 The culture supernatants of spleen cells from lpr/lpr mice contained so called "MAF" activity, because they enhanced O2- production by +/+ PEM significantly. Superoxides 117-119 avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog Mus musculus 80-83 2842347-0 1988 Incubation of endothelial cells in a superoxide-generating system: impaired low-density lipoprotein receptor-mediated endocytosis. Superoxides 37-47 low density lipoprotein receptor Homo sapiens 76-108 11127803-4 1999 Preincubation of intact human neutrophils with INF-alpha and subsequent stimulation with calcium ionophore A23187 also enhanced significantly superoxide radical generation that reduced nitroblue tetrazolium into blue formazan. Superoxides 142-160 interferon alpha 17 Homo sapiens 47-56 11127803-5 1999 The in vivo effect of INF-alpha in rats demonstrated that the higher dose of INF-alpha that induced superoxide radical and LTB4 by A23187 stimulated intact human neutrophil in vitro, also induced a significant decrease in white blood cells and RBCs started at 4 h after i.p administration. Superoxides 100-110 interferon alpha 17 Homo sapiens 22-31 11127803-5 1999 The in vivo effect of INF-alpha in rats demonstrated that the higher dose of INF-alpha that induced superoxide radical and LTB4 by A23187 stimulated intact human neutrophil in vitro, also induced a significant decrease in white blood cells and RBCs started at 4 h after i.p administration. Superoxides 100-110 interferon alpha 17 Homo sapiens 77-86 9853553-7 1998 Upregulation of MnSOD in cancer tissue most likely serves as a protective mechanism against anti-cancer therapies known to produce superoxide radicals as a key component of their tumor-killing activity. Superoxides 131-150 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 16-21 9804763-2 1998 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytic cells is a multicomponent system containing a membrane-bound flavocytochrome b and a small G protein Rac as well as cytosolic factors p67(phox) (phagocyte oxidase), p47(phox), and p40(phox), which translocate to the membrane upon activation. Superoxides 4-14 interleukin 9 Homo sapiens 242-245 9804763-3 1998 In a previous paper, we reported that p40(phox) undergoes phosphorylation on multiple sites upon stimulation of the NADPH oxidase by either phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or by formyl peptide with a time course that is strongly correlated with that of superoxide production (Fuchs, A., Bouin, A. P., Rabilloud, T., and Vignais, P. V. (1997) Eur. Superoxides 253-263 interleukin 9 Homo sapiens 38-41 9809435-1 1998 Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (cSOD) is an enzyme of critical importance for the inactivation of superoxide radicals generated by cellular metabolic processes. Superoxides 6-16 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 28-32 9712826-0 1998 Nerve growth factor treatment prevents the increase in superoxide produced by epidermal growth factor in PC12 cells. Superoxides 55-65 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 0-19 9712826-0 1998 Nerve growth factor treatment prevents the increase in superoxide produced by epidermal growth factor in PC12 cells. Superoxides 55-65 epidermal growth factor like 1 Rattus norvegicus 78-101 9712826-6 1998 Among several inhibitors of superoxide-generating enzymes, only the lipoxygenase inhibitor, nordihydroguaiaretic acid reduced EGF-mediated ROS accumulation. Superoxides 28-38 epidermal growth factor like 1 Rattus norvegicus 126-129 9728339-1 1998 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is the mitochondrial enzyme that disposes of superoxide generated by respiratory chain activity. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 9728339-2 1998 Of all electrons passing down the mitochondrial respiratory chain, 1-2% are diverted to form superoxide; thus production of hydrogen peroxide occurs at a constant rate due to MnSOD activity. Superoxides 93-103 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 175-180 9630350-2 1998 A number of superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetics were examined both biochemically for their ability to inhibit the superoxide-catalyzed reduction of cytochrome c and nitro blue tetrazolium, and functionally for their ability to mimic authentic Cu/Zn SOD in restoring nitrergic neurotransmission in bovine retractor penis (BRP) muscle following its inhibition by oxidant stress. Superoxides 12-22 LOC104968582 Bos taurus 148-160 2841398-4 1988 In contrast, the peritoneal cells released significantly more superoxide anion in response to the complement cleavage product, C5a and the phorbol ester tumor promoter, 12-0-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate, and produced more hydrogen peroxide than did the liver macrophages. Superoxides 62-78 complement C5 Rattus norvegicus 127-130 2839363-1 1988 When stimulated with immune complex or C5a anaphylatoxin, human neutrophils undergo an increase in the concentration of intracellular Ca2+ [( Ca2+]i) that precedes the onset of superoxide (O2-) production. Superoxides 189-191 complement C5 Homo sapiens 39-56 2838554-9 1988 Significant amounts of superoxide were detected within 180 min after stimulation with GM-CSF, whereas release of hydrogen peroxide and peroxidase were only minimal as shown by functional and ultrastructural assays. Superoxides 23-33 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 86-92 2834072-1 1988 The lymphokine leukocyte inhibitory factor (LIF) has previously been documented to enhance several neutrophil (PMN) functions, including stimulated chemotaxis and superoxide generation, phagocytosis and adherence of opsonized targets, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Superoxides 163-173 LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine Homo sapiens 15-42 2834072-1 1988 The lymphokine leukocyte inhibitory factor (LIF) has previously been documented to enhance several neutrophil (PMN) functions, including stimulated chemotaxis and superoxide generation, phagocytosis and adherence of opsonized targets, and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Superoxides 163-173 LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine Homo sapiens 44-47 2834072-3 1988 LIF induced a dose-dependent increase in superoxide production generated by opsonized zymosan (up to 97.1 +/- 31.4% at 16 U LIF/ml; P less than 0.01). Superoxides 41-51 LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine Homo sapiens 0-3 2834072-3 1988 LIF induced a dose-dependent increase in superoxide production generated by opsonized zymosan (up to 97.1 +/- 31.4% at 16 U LIF/ml; P less than 0.01). Superoxides 41-51 LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine Homo sapiens 124-127 2451547-3 1988 PAF priming of responses including superoxide generation, elastase release, and aggregation is time dependent and is maximal within five minutes. Superoxides 35-45 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 0-3 2838419-0 1988 Recombinant interleukin 1 alpha and beta prime human monocyte superoxide production but have no effect on chemotaxis and oxidative burst response of neutrophils. Superoxides 62-72 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 12-31 2838419-5 1988 However, exposure of monocytes to recombinant IL 1 alpha or IL 1 beta resulted in enhanced generation of superoxide response following stimulation with PMA. Superoxides 105-115 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 46-56 2836040-1 1988 Previous studies in burned patients have shown an early enhanced polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) generating capacity for superoxide radical (O2.-), for the arachidonic acid (AA) lipoxygenase metabolite leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and for platelet activating factor-acether (PAF). Superoxides 123-141 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 234-274 2836040-1 1988 Previous studies in burned patients have shown an early enhanced polymorphonuclear leucocyte (PMN) generating capacity for superoxide radical (O2.-), for the arachidonic acid (AA) lipoxygenase metabolite leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and for platelet activating factor-acether (PAF). Superoxides 143-145 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 234-274 2847986-5 1988 Preincubation with nedocromil sodium did not alter the ability of neutrophils to produce superoxide or release lysozyme in response to soluble or phagocytic stimuli, and GM-CSF-enhanced superoxide production triggered by chemotactic peptide was not altered in such drug-treated neutrophils. Superoxides 186-196 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 170-176 3077558-4 1988 GM-CSF and G-CSF act on mature cells at the site of inflammation, increasing their functional capacity by concentration-dependent effects on chemotaxis, increased phagocytosis, enhanced superoxide production, and increased antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (Vadas et al., 1983a, b; Gasson et al., 1984; Weisbart et al., 1985). Superoxides 186-196 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-6 3077558-4 1988 GM-CSF and G-CSF act on mature cells at the site of inflammation, increasing their functional capacity by concentration-dependent effects on chemotaxis, increased phagocytosis, enhanced superoxide production, and increased antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (Vadas et al., 1983a, b; Gasson et al., 1984; Weisbart et al., 1985). Superoxides 186-196 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 11-16 9537988-10 1998 Also, unlike the wild-type Mn(III)SOD, which is electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) silent, Q143N MnSOD has a complex EPR spectrum with many resonances in the region below 2250 G. We conclude that the Gln 143 --> Asn mutation has increased the reduction potential of manganese to stabilize Mn(II), indicating that Gln 143 has a substantial role in maintaining a reduction potential favorable for the oxidation and reduction cycles in the catalytic disproportionation of superoxide. Superoxides 475-485 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 100-105 3038021-4 1987 One of the reduction systems, consisting of the photosensitizer FMN and the photoreductant EDTA, was used to study both anaerobic reduction and O2-dependent reoxidation of some of the nitroxides. Superoxides 144-146 formin 1 Homo sapiens 64-67 3034272-0 1987 Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor enhances superoxide release in human granulocytes stimulated by the chemotactic peptide. Superoxides 65-75 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 18-55 9581656-3 1998 After 16 weeks of ethanol feeding, Kupffer cells from male Sprague-Dawley rats were isolated and assayed for HIV-1 gp120-induced superoxide release. Superoxides 129-139 Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor Human immunodeficiency virus 1 115-120 3032680-4 1987 Responses stimulated by HHG became limited as the concentration was increased above 10 microM, this being manifest as either a low maximum response compared to PDBu (superoxide release) or a bell-shaped concentration-effect curve (degranulation). Superoxides 166-176 luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor Homo sapiens 24-27 3032680-5 1987 HHG (30-100 microM) inhibited PDBu-stimulated superoxide release, this inhibition being enantiomerically specific. Superoxides 46-56 luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor Homo sapiens 0-3 9581656-5 1998 Results show that HIV-1 gp120 induced the release of superoxide anion in a dose-dependent manner in normal rats. Superoxides 53-69 Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor Human immunodeficiency virus 1 24-29 9581656-6 1998 Mannosylated-bovine serum albumin inhibited FITC-HIV-1 gp120-mediated superoxide release in normal Kupffer cells by 85%. Superoxides 70-80 Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor Human immunodeficiency virus 1 55-60 9490029-1 1998 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase, dormant in resting phagocytes, is activated during phagocytosis following assembly of the membrane-integrated protein cytochrome b558 and cytosolic factors. Superoxides 4-14 cytochrome b Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 159-171 3028317-6 1987 In endotoxemic animals, superoxide production was markedly enhanced in circulating PMNs, indicating production of high levels of potentially cytotoxic oxygen intermediates, while myeloperoxidase activity was decreased in both circulating and lavage PMNs, indicating depressed myeloperoxidase-dependent antimicrobial activity. Superoxides 24-34 myeloperoxidase Rattus norvegicus 276-291 9490044-3 1998 Cells deleted for the LYS7 gene displayed, in addition to lysine auxotrophy, methionine auxotrophy, sensitivity to superoxide generating drugs and light irradiation, and diminution of calcineurin activity. Superoxides 115-125 copper chaperone CCS1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 22-26 3802464-2 1987 We report the marked inhibitory effect of superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) on the reducing activity both of protein glycated in vitro and of diabetic sera, indicating superoxide intermediacy in the fructosamine reaction. Superoxides 42-52 Susceptibility to lysis by alloreactive natural killer cells Homo sapiens 64-68 3021817-3 1986 In addition, rH GM-CSF enhanced N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine(FMLP)-stimulated degranulation of Cytochalasin B pretreated neutrophils and FMLP-stimulated superoxide production. Superoxides 161-171 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 16-22 3018081-3 1986 Similarly, LIF did not directly induce the respiratory burst, but potentiated both superoxide generation (151.6% +/- 77) and hydrogen peroxide production (54.9% +/- 15.5) in the presence of f-met-leu-phe (10(-7) M). Superoxides 83-93 LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine Homo sapiens 11-14 3018081-9 1986 LIF was also found to have a more generalized effect on the transduction of neutrophil activation stimuli, mediating a 35.8% increase in superoxide production after exposure to calcium ionophore. Superoxides 137-147 LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine Homo sapiens 0-3 21528298-1 1997 Xanthine oxidase (XO) and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) are alternate enzymatic forms of the XO/XDH protein that catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine, and xanthine to uric acid, and in the process XO/XDH generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals. Superoxides 266-276 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 26-48 21528298-1 1997 Xanthine oxidase (XO) and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) are alternate enzymatic forms of the XO/XDH protein that catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine, and xanthine to uric acid, and in the process XO/XDH generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals. Superoxides 266-276 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 50-53 21528298-1 1997 Xanthine oxidase (XO) and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) are alternate enzymatic forms of the XO/XDH protein that catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine, and xanthine to uric acid, and in the process XO/XDH generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals. Superoxides 266-276 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 92-98 3017933-4 1986 Under aerobic conditions the rapid oxidation of NADPH catalyzed by alkylated cytochrome P-450c was associated with rapid reduction of molecular oxygen to hydrogen peroxide via superoxide anion. Superoxides 176-192 cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 77-94 3017933-5 1986 The intermediacy of superoxide anion, formed by the one-electron reduction of molecular oxygen, established that alkylation of cytochrome P-450c with BrNAP uncouples the catalytic cycle prior to introduction of the second electron. Superoxides 20-36 cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 127-144 21528298-1 1997 Xanthine oxidase (XO) and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) are alternate enzymatic forms of the XO/XDH protein that catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine, and xanthine to uric acid, and in the process XO/XDH generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals. Superoxides 266-276 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 95-98 3017933-6 1986 The generation of superoxide anion by decomposition of the Fe2+ X O2 complex was consistent with the observations that, in contrast to native cytochrome P-450c, alkylated cytochrome P-450c failed to form a 430 nm absorbing chromophore during the metabolism of 7-ethoxycoumarin. Superoxides 18-34 cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 142-159 9337622-0 1997 Electron spin resonance evidence of the generation of superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and singlet oxygen during the photohemolysis of human erythrocytes with bacteriochlorin a. Superoxides 54-70 B cell linker Homo sapiens 161-178 3017933-6 1986 The generation of superoxide anion by decomposition of the Fe2+ X O2 complex was consistent with the observations that, in contrast to native cytochrome P-450c, alkylated cytochrome P-450c failed to form a 430 nm absorbing chromophore during the metabolism of 7-ethoxycoumarin. Superoxides 18-34 cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 171-188 9280304-3 1997 Both 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), (which, by releasing NO and superoxide, leads to the formation of peroxynitrite), and S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP), (which releases only NO), inhibited microglial prostanoid production, by preventing COX-2 expression. Superoxides 66-76 mitogen-activated protein kinase associated protein 1 Mus musculus 30-35 3005468-7 1986 IV3 IgG or Fab fragments completely and selectively inhibited immune complex-mediated generation of superoxide by human neutrophils; superoxide generation by other stimulants was not abrogated by IV3. Superoxides 100-110 FA complementation group B Homo sapiens 11-14 2984574-5 1985 We have studied the effect of GM-CSF/NIF-T on superoxide anion generation in response to the bacterial chemo-attractant N-formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine (f-MLP), and report here that PMNs preincubated with either purified natural GM-CSF or biosynthetic (recombinant) GM-CSF showed increased (as much as fourfold) superoxide anion production in response to f-MLP. Superoxides 46-62 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 30-36 2984574-5 1985 We have studied the effect of GM-CSF/NIF-T on superoxide anion generation in response to the bacterial chemo-attractant N-formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine (f-MLP), and report here that PMNs preincubated with either purified natural GM-CSF or biosynthetic (recombinant) GM-CSF showed increased (as much as fourfold) superoxide anion production in response to f-MLP. Superoxides 46-62 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 235-241 9223372-4 1997 This expression system was used to study the effects of paraquat and menadione, two intracellular superoxide generators, on processing of precursor hMn-SOD by insect mitochondria. Superoxides 98-108 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 148-155 2984574-5 1985 We have studied the effect of GM-CSF/NIF-T on superoxide anion generation in response to the bacterial chemo-attractant N-formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine (f-MLP), and report here that PMNs preincubated with either purified natural GM-CSF or biosynthetic (recombinant) GM-CSF showed increased (as much as fourfold) superoxide anion production in response to f-MLP. Superoxides 46-62 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 235-241 2984574-5 1985 We have studied the effect of GM-CSF/NIF-T on superoxide anion generation in response to the bacterial chemo-attractant N-formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine (f-MLP), and report here that PMNs preincubated with either purified natural GM-CSF or biosynthetic (recombinant) GM-CSF showed increased (as much as fourfold) superoxide anion production in response to f-MLP. Superoxides 318-334 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 30-36 23604305-3 1997 XDH acts on these same substrates but utilizes NAD as a cofactor to produce NADH instead of O2 (-) and uric acid. Superoxides 93-99 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-3 9207771-9 1997 The results showed that AmF, SnF2, or AmF/SnF2 enhanced by two- to three-fold the superoxide release from fMLP-stimulated human neutrophils. Superoxides 82-92 SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 4 Homo sapiens 29-33 9207771-9 1997 The results showed that AmF, SnF2, or AmF/SnF2 enhanced by two- to three-fold the superoxide release from fMLP-stimulated human neutrophils. Superoxides 82-92 SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 4 Homo sapiens 42-46 9197244-14 1997 This speculation is fueled by recent observations that cells constitutively active for the Ras/Raf pathway constitutively produce high levels of superoxide, a known generator of OG. Superoxides 145-155 zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2 Homo sapiens 95-98 9065490-8 1997 The tyrosine kinases Lyn, Syk, and FAK were activated on exposure of microglia and THP1 monocytes to Abeta, resulting in the tyrosine kinase-dependent generation of superoxide radicals. Superoxides 165-175 protein tyrosine kinase 2 Homo sapiens 35-38 9071707-5 1997 Intact Ig of patients with PR3-ANCA or with MPO-ANCA stimulate O2- release from TNF alpha-primed normal PMN (2.6 +/- 3.57 to 15.3 +/- 7.39 nmol O2-/2.5 x 10(6) PMN/30 min). Superoxides 63-65 proteinase 3 Homo sapiens 27-30 9071707-8 1997 In contrast with these human autoantibody data, a mouse monoclonal anti-human PR3 antibody (25.7 +/- 8.55 nmol O2-), but not its corresponding F(ab")2 fragment, activates TNF alpha-treated human PMN. Superoxides 111-113 proteinase 3 Homo sapiens 78-81 9071707-9 1997 When the Fc gamma IIa receptors were blocked, superoxide production was reduced by 33% using human PR3-ANCA Ig (P < 0.05). Superoxides 46-56 proteinase 3 Homo sapiens 99-102 9062356-9 1997 A specific p38 MAPk inhibitor (SK&F 86002) blocked superoxide anion production in response to FMLP and reduced adhesion and chemotaxis in response to PAF or FMLP. Superoxides 55-71 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 11-14 9060453-1 1997 The NADPH oxidase that produces superoxide in professional phagocytic cells is a flavocytochrome b electron transport chain in the membrane, a heterodimer of gp91phox and p22phox, that is activated by a number of cytosolic proteins, including p47phox, p67phox, and the small GTP-binding protein p21rac, which translocate to the membrane and attach to the flavocytochrome on activation. Superoxides 32-42 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 252-259 8995740-10 1997 These data indicate that stimulation of JG cells with oxidized LDL and Lp(a) induces formation of O2-, which may stimulate renin release in an autocrine fashion. Superoxides 98-100 lipoprotein(a) Homo sapiens 71-76 9096262-3 1997 We showed that EP-receptor agonists (PGE1) EP2/EP3 agonist (misoprostol), EP2-receptor agonist (butaprost) and DP-receptor agonist (PGD2) inhibited fMLP-stimulated superoxide production from human blood neutrophils in a concentration-dependent manner. Superoxides 164-174 prostaglandin E receptor 2 Homo sapiens 74-77 9096262-6 1997 The inhibitory effect of EP2 agonist (butaprost) on the fMLP-stimulated superoxide generation in human blood neutrophils was significantly higher than that of EP3 agonist (ONO-AP-324). Superoxides 72-82 prostaglandin E receptor 2 Homo sapiens 25-28 9096262-9 1997 These results indicated that EP2 and DP receptors are the primary receptors mediating the prostanoids inhibition of fMLP-stimulated superoxide generation from neutrophils. Superoxides 132-142 prostaglandin E receptor 2 Homo sapiens 29-32 8914935-1 1996 The enzyme system xanthine dehydrogenase (XD):xanthine oxidase, which generates the superoxide anion as a by-product of action on endogenous substrates, is believed to play a role in mediating pathophysiological changes through its contribution to total superoxide production. Superoxides 84-100 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 18-40 8914935-1 1996 The enzyme system xanthine dehydrogenase (XD):xanthine oxidase, which generates the superoxide anion as a by-product of action on endogenous substrates, is believed to play a role in mediating pathophysiological changes through its contribution to total superoxide production. Superoxides 84-100 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 42-44 8914935-1 1996 The enzyme system xanthine dehydrogenase (XD):xanthine oxidase, which generates the superoxide anion as a by-product of action on endogenous substrates, is believed to play a role in mediating pathophysiological changes through its contribution to total superoxide production. Superoxides 84-94 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 18-40 8914935-1 1996 The enzyme system xanthine dehydrogenase (XD):xanthine oxidase, which generates the superoxide anion as a by-product of action on endogenous substrates, is believed to play a role in mediating pathophysiological changes through its contribution to total superoxide production. Superoxides 84-94 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 42-44 8981438-6 1996 These findings suggest that NGF might protect against neuronal death by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide or decreasing the levels of superoxide radicals, thereby decreasing the generation of oxidative agents such as peroxynitrite. Superoxides 142-152 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 28-31 8903395-11 1996 The finding of this low percentage of xanthine oxidase further stresses that the main function of xanthine oxidoreductase in the liver is not the production of superoxide anion radicals and/or hydrogen peroxide but rather the metabolism of xanthine to uric acid, which can act as a potent antioxidant. Superoxides 160-185 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 98-121 8930166-5 1996 Our pharmacological study suggests that, in neutrophil-like HL-60 cells, the signaling pathways leading to PMA-stimulated O2- generation appear to involve PKC, MAPK, phospholipase A2, arachidonic acid, PSP 1 and 2a and PTP. Superoxides 122-124 protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type U Homo sapiens 219-222 8957234-7 1996 We concluded that CGRP receptor stimulation reduces substance-P-induced O2- production by the inhibition of IP3-induced transient increase in [Ca2+]i, probably via the phosphorylation of IP3 receptor by cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Superoxides 72-74 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 Homo sapiens 187-199 8806782-5 1996 On the other hand, an increase in the .NO/O2.- value resulted in nitration of SP-A tyrosine residues, located in the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), and decreased the ability of SP-A to aggregate lipids and bind mannose, two functions that require an intact CRD. Superoxides 42-44 surfactant protein A1 Homo sapiens 78-82 2982664-0 1985 Prostaglandins E1 and E2 enhance the stimulation of superoxide release by 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol from human neutrophils. Superoxides 52-62 small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 73A Homo sapiens 15-24 8806782-5 1996 On the other hand, an increase in the .NO/O2.- value resulted in nitration of SP-A tyrosine residues, located in the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), and decreased the ability of SP-A to aggregate lipids and bind mannose, two functions that require an intact CRD. Superoxides 42-44 surfactant protein A1 Homo sapiens 185-189 8806782-11 1996 However, ONOO., formed by the reaction of .NO and O2.-, nitrates SP-A leading to decreased ability to aggregate lipids and bind mannose. Superoxides 50-52 surfactant protein A1 Homo sapiens 65-69 8781442-1 1996 The cytosolic 67-kD protein in phagocytes (p67-phox) and B lymphocytes is one of essential components of the superoxide-generating system in these cells, and its defect causes an autosomal recessive type of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Superoxides 109-119 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 43-51 3939140-3 1985 To understand fully the interaction between reactive oxygen metabolites, myoglobin and lipid, we investigate the possibility that myoglobin may use xanthine oxidase-generated superoxide and/or hydrogen peroxide to catalyze peroxidation of a polyunsaturated fatty acid. Superoxides 175-185 myoglobin Homo sapiens 130-139 6291507-6 1982 gamma-Butyrobetaine hydroxylase was inhibited by a number of low-molecular-weight compounds, such as tetranitromethane, Nitro Blue Tetrazolium, adrenaline and Tiron, which may act as scavengers of superoxide anion. Superoxides 197-213 gamma-butyrobetaine hydroxylase 1 Homo sapiens 0-31 6284006-7 1982 Ceruloplasmin also inhibited reduction of cytochrome c and NBT mediated by the aerobic action of xanthine oxidase on acetaldehyde (another superoxide-generating system) and mimicked the activity of purified human erythrocyte SOD by inhibiting photoreduction of NBT and by accelerating aerobic photooxidation of dianisidine. Superoxides 139-149 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 0-13 6284006-8 1982 Ceruloplasmin could be separated from purified human erythrocyte SOD by electrophoresis on alkaline 12% polyacrylamide gels and identified by its superoxide-scavenging activity. Superoxides 146-156 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 0-13 8702551-3 1996 Mn-SOD is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial matrix protein and serves a protective function by detoxifying superoxide. Superoxides 105-115 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-6 183743-12 1976 It is concluded that autoxidation is responsible for a significant proportion of electron flow between cytochrome b5 and O2 in liver endoplasmic membranes, this reaction being capable of generating superoxide anions. Superoxides 198-215 cytochrome b5 type A Homo sapiens 103-116 8702551-10 1996 These findings indicate that both Mn-SOD and O2 may regulate the levels of a cellular oxidant involved in both basal and TNF-induced IL-1alpha expression, presumably superoxide. Superoxides 166-176 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 34-40 8757214-11 1996 Finally, IL-5, IL-3, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and tumor necrosis factor- alpha, but not RANTES, also induced superoxide production from eosinophils. Superoxides 134-144 interleukin 5 Homo sapiens 9-13 8663465-1 1996 The depletion of superoxide catalyzed by human manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) was observed spectrophotometrically by measuring the absorbance of superoxide at 250-280 nm following pulse radiolysis and by stopped-flow spectrophotometry. Superoxides 17-27 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 47-77 4363828-0 1974 Evidence for the involvement of superoxide anion in dopamine-beta-hydroxylase system. Superoxides 32-48 dopamine beta-hydroxylase Homo sapiens 52-77 8663465-1 1996 The depletion of superoxide catalyzed by human manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) was observed spectrophotometrically by measuring the absorbance of superoxide at 250-280 nm following pulse radiolysis and by stopped-flow spectrophotometry. Superoxides 17-27 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 79-84 8663465-1 1996 The depletion of superoxide catalyzed by human manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) was observed spectrophotometrically by measuring the absorbance of superoxide at 250-280 nm following pulse radiolysis and by stopped-flow spectrophotometry. Superoxides 57-67 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 79-84 8663333-2 1996 During activation, cytosolic proteins p47(phox), p67(phox), Rac2, and possibly p40(phox) translocate to the plasma membrane and associate with flavocytochrome b to form the active superoxide-generating system. Superoxides 180-190 interleukin 9 Homo sapiens 79-82 8665512-1 1996 Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) inactivates the radiation effect by removal of radiation-induced toxic superoxide radicals. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-38 4985264-0 1970 Indirect evidence for the production of superoxide anion radicals by pig kidney diamine oxidase. Superoxides 40-65 amine oxidase copper containing 1 Sus scrofa 80-95 33838472-0 2021 Sustained IKKbeta phosphorylation and NF-kappaB activation by superoxide-induced peroxynitrite-mediated nitrotyrosine modification of B56gamma3 and PP2A inactivation. Superoxides 62-72 protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator Homo sapiens 148-152 8839053-3 1996 In the presence of suboptimal arginine concentrations, uncoupled turnover of nNOS produces both nitric oxide and superoxide, reactive species which combine to form peroxynitrite. Superoxides 113-123 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 77-81 8728118-0 1996 Superoxide anion radical generation during the oxidation of various amines by diamine oxidase. Superoxides 0-24 amine oxidase copper containing 1 Homo sapiens 78-93 8846270-4 1996 Superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical formation was measured by superoxide dismutase-inhibitable cytochrome c reduction, the dichlorofluorescin technique and the salicylate method, respectively. Superoxides 0-10 LOC104968582 Bos taurus 110-122 33684094-8 2021 Activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase were increased by Na2SeO3 and Se+SIN1 (P<0.001). Superoxides 14-24 squalene epoxidase Homo sapiens 83-85 33746979-1 2021 Chronic granulomatous Disease (CGD) is a rare innate immunodeficiency disorder caused by mutations in one of the six genes (CYBA, CYBB, NCF1, NCF2, NCF4, and CYBC1/EROS) encoding the superoxide-producing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-oxidase complex in phagocytes. Superoxides 183-193 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 124-128 8617263-7 1996 In summary, an activity has been identified in human and mouse melanoma cells that catalyzes the superoxide-dependent polymerization of (HO)2IndCOOH to melanin in vitro, and appears to be a function of the pmel 17/silver protein of the human pmel 17 gene and the mouse silver locus. Superoxides 97-107 premelanosome protein Mus musculus 206-213 8661822-7 1996 Up-regulation of Mn-SOD mRNA in gastric carcinoma tissue most likely serves as a protective mechanism against superoxide radicals and TNF cytotoxicity. Superoxides 110-120 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 17-23 33243512-7 2021 Meanwhile, elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), coupled with decreased alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) were observed in serum and liver tissues of mice by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. Superoxides 20-30 glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble Mus musculus 93-117 33243512-7 2021 Meanwhile, elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), coupled with decreased alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) were observed in serum and liver tissues of mice by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. Superoxides 20-30 glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble Mus musculus 119-122 33243512-7 2021 Meanwhile, elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), coupled with decreased alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) were observed in serum and liver tissues of mice by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. Superoxides 20-30 solute carrier family 17 (anion/sugar transporter), member 5 Mus musculus 125-151 33243512-7 2021 Meanwhile, elevated superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), coupled with decreased alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) were observed in serum and liver tissues of mice by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. Superoxides 20-30 solute carrier family 17 (anion/sugar transporter), member 5 Mus musculus 153-156 8886804-2 1996 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), a mitochondrial superoxide radical scavenging enzyme, is low in most tumors but is known to be induced by asbestos fibers and certain cytokines. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 8886804-8 1996 Cytotoxicity experiments, which were conducted in four cell lines, indicated that cells containing high MnSOD mRNA level and activity were resistant to the mitochondrial superoxide-producing agent menadione. Superoxides 170-180 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 104-109 8541554-0 1995 Analysis of signaling events associated with activation of neutrophil superoxide anion production by eosinophil granule major basic protein. Superoxides 70-86 proteoglycan 2, pro eosinophil major basic protein Homo sapiens 101-139 8541554-1 1995 This study was undertaken to identify the signaling events involved in activation of neutrophil superoxide anion (O2-) production by eosinophil granule major basic protein (MBP). Superoxides 96-112 proteoglycan 2, pro eosinophil major basic protein Homo sapiens 133-171 8541554-1 1995 This study was undertaken to identify the signaling events involved in activation of neutrophil superoxide anion (O2-) production by eosinophil granule major basic protein (MBP). Superoxides 96-112 myelin basic protein Homo sapiens 173-176 8541554-1 1995 This study was undertaken to identify the signaling events involved in activation of neutrophil superoxide anion (O2-) production by eosinophil granule major basic protein (MBP). Superoxides 114-116 proteoglycan 2, pro eosinophil major basic protein Homo sapiens 133-171 8541554-1 1995 This study was undertaken to identify the signaling events involved in activation of neutrophil superoxide anion (O2-) production by eosinophil granule major basic protein (MBP). Superoxides 114-116 myelin basic protein Homo sapiens 173-176 8541554-5 1995 Inhibition of MBP-stimulated O2- production by genistein and Western blot analysis using an antiphosphotyrosine antibody showed tyrosine kinase activation by MBP. Superoxides 29-31 myelin basic protein Homo sapiens 14-17 8541554-6 1995 Calmodulin antagonists (calmidazolium and W-7) caused up to 80% inhibition of MBP-stimulated O2- production. Superoxides 93-95 myelin basic protein Homo sapiens 78-81 7573347-8 1995 The level of galectin-3 in human monocytes/macrophages was modulated by stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma, and galectin-3 was secreted when monocytes were stimulated by calcium ionophore A23187 Soluble galectin-3 caused superoxide release from human monocytes; this activity was dependent on the lectin property of galectin-3, as it was inhibitable by lactose. Superoxides 242-252 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 13-23 7573347-8 1995 The level of galectin-3 in human monocytes/macrophages was modulated by stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma, and galectin-3 was secreted when monocytes were stimulated by calcium ionophore A23187 Soluble galectin-3 caused superoxide release from human monocytes; this activity was dependent on the lectin property of galectin-3, as it was inhibitable by lactose. Superoxides 242-252 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 133-143 7573347-8 1995 The level of galectin-3 in human monocytes/macrophages was modulated by stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma, and galectin-3 was secreted when monocytes were stimulated by calcium ionophore A23187 Soluble galectin-3 caused superoxide release from human monocytes; this activity was dependent on the lectin property of galectin-3, as it was inhibitable by lactose. Superoxides 242-252 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 133-143 7573347-8 1995 The level of galectin-3 in human monocytes/macrophages was modulated by stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma, and galectin-3 was secreted when monocytes were stimulated by calcium ionophore A23187 Soluble galectin-3 caused superoxide release from human monocytes; this activity was dependent on the lectin property of galectin-3, as it was inhibitable by lactose. Superoxides 242-252 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 133-143 7560640-6 1995 N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-stimulated superoxide anion generation was slightly but significantly enhanced by incubation with IL-5 but not with GM-CSF. Superoxides 51-67 interleukin 5 Homo sapiens 138-142 7662713-11 1995 We therefore propose that superoxide anion (O2- and H2O2 generated by PQ could activate PKC and lead to induction of c-jun gene expression; on the other hand, O2- and .OH might trigger other kinase pathways to elevate ODC activity. Superoxides 26-42 ornithine decarboxylase 1 Homo sapiens 218-221 7642640-10 1995 Furthermore, confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that cofilin existed diffusely in the cytosol and nuclear region of the resting cells, while in the activated cells, it was accumulated at the plasma membrane area, forming ruffles or endocytic vesicles on which O2.- should be produced. Superoxides 267-269 cofilin 1 Homo sapiens 60-67 7797591-3 1995 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a mitochondrial enzyme involved in scavenging O2..-. Superoxides 88-90 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-30 7797591-3 1995 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a mitochondrial enzyme involved in scavenging O2..-. Superoxides 88-90 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 7706751-3 1995 Two mAbs reacting with TNF-R55 (H398 and TBP2) induced O2 release in a similar manner but to a lesser extent than TNF. Superoxides 55-57 TATA-box binding protein like 2 Homo sapiens 41-45 7592536-6 1995 Isolated human peripheral B lymphocytes generated the superoxide anion upon cross-linking of surface antigens such as IgM, IgD, IgG, HLA-DR, and CD19. Superoxides 54-70 CD19 molecule Homo sapiens 145-149 7706475-8 1995 Superoxide was a more potent inducer for COX-2 than hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 41-46 7897228-0 1995 A human lectin, galectin-3 (epsilon bp/Mac-2), stimulates superoxide production by neutrophils. Superoxides 58-68 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 16-26 33306445-5 2021 We found that ROS and mitochondrial superoxide production were elevated in PAs isolated from old DM rats and in high glucose (HG)-treated alpha-smooth muscle actin positive pericytes. Superoxides 36-46 actin gamma 2, smooth muscle Rattus norvegicus 138-163 33483749-1 2021 AIMS: Gp91-containing NADPH oxidases (NOX2) are a significant source of myocardial superoxide production. Superoxides 83-93 paired Ig-like receptor B Mus musculus 6-10 7897228-0 1995 A human lectin, galectin-3 (epsilon bp/Mac-2), stimulates superoxide production by neutrophils. Superoxides 58-68 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 39-44 7890694-1 1995 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex in phagocytic cells is constituted of a heterodimeric flavocytochrome b and cytosolic factors, p67phox, p47phox and p40phox as well as a small G protein Rac (for review, see Refs. Superoxides 4-14 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 143-150 7533819-12 1995 Similarly to LPS, E. coli caused stronger O2- production with heat-inactivated serum than without, and this effect was blocked by anti-CD14 antibodies. Superoxides 42-44 CD14 molecule Homo sapiens 135-139 33301880-8 2021 Additionally, leptin led to attenuation of Abeta-induced neurodegeneration and superoxide anion production as revealed by Fluoro-Jade B and dihydroethidium staining. Superoxides 79-95 leptin Mus musculus 14-20 7533819-13 1995 In conclusion, these data indicate that LPS directly stimulates O2- production in human monocytes via CD14 depending on LBP. Superoxides 64-66 CD14 molecule Homo sapiens 102-106 32043277-1 2021 VERNALIZATION2 (VRN2), an angiosperm-specific subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), is an oxygen (O2 ) regulated target of the PCO branch of the PRT6 N-degron pathway of ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. Superoxides 113-115 VEFS-Box of polycomb protein Arabidopsis thaliana 0-14 32043277-1 2021 VERNALIZATION2 (VRN2), an angiosperm-specific subunit of the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), is an oxygen (O2 ) regulated target of the PCO branch of the PRT6 N-degron pathway of ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. Superoxides 113-115 VEFS-Box of polycomb protein Arabidopsis thaliana 16-20 7484097-4 1995 These results suggest that the increased Mn SOD immunoreactivity in MKHD reflects enzyme induction as a protective mechanism against the highly toxic superoxide anion generated under the disease conditions. Superoxides 150-166 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 41-47 32043277-8 2021 We conclude that the O2 -sensitive N-degron of VRN2 has a dual function, confining VRN2 to meristems and primordia, where it has specific developmental roles, whilst also permitting broad accumulation outside of meristems in response to environmental cues, leading to other functions. Superoxides 21-23 VEFS-Box of polycomb protein Arabidopsis thaliana 47-51 32043277-8 2021 We conclude that the O2 -sensitive N-degron of VRN2 has a dual function, confining VRN2 to meristems and primordia, where it has specific developmental roles, whilst also permitting broad accumulation outside of meristems in response to environmental cues, leading to other functions. Superoxides 21-23 VEFS-Box of polycomb protein Arabidopsis thaliana 83-87 7755191-1 1995 The relationship between superoxide anion production and the activities of sperm specific NADH-diaphorase and isozyme LDH-C4 has been investigated in 25 normozoospermic and 17 oligozoospermic semen samples. Superoxides 25-41 dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 95-105 32866662-8 2020 Simultaneously, miR-708 elevation suppressed H/R exposure-increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, but elevated the activity of anti-oxidative stress superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 201-211 microRNA 708 Rattus norvegicus 16-23 32860873-4 2020 Among other pathways, HO-1 expression is stimulated by the Nrf2/Keap1 system which senses electrophilic compounds including alkylating agents and reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide or hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 184-194 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 22-26 7755191-4 1995 A significant positive correlation (P < 0.01) between diaphorase activity and superoxide anion production was established in the oligozoospermic samples of low density sperm fraction. Superoxides 81-97 dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 57-67 7734059-2 1995 During the oxygen reductase activity of P450, molecular oxygen is reduced to superoxide anion radicals (O2-.) Superoxides 77-102 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily B member 6 Homo sapiens 40-44 32450217-1 2020 Discovery of Park2 is our finding of a family of young onset parkinsonism, in which this family was thought to be associated with a polymorphism of the manganese superoxide gene. Superoxides 162-172 parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase Homo sapiens 13-18 7528241-5 1994 Our results suggest that both tyrosinase and thioredoxin reductase respond to oxidative stress in the epidermis as well as in melanoma cells and react with superoxide anion radicals to stimulate melanogenesis and to prevent peroxidative damage, respectively. Superoxides 156-181 peroxiredoxin 5 Mus musculus 45-66 7816751-3 1994 The cytosolic SOD enzyme activity in fibroblasts exposed to superoxide anions 24 h after treatment with EGF plus nafamostat (NM), a potent protease inhibitor, was increased 1.6-fold compared to control-treated cells. Superoxides 60-77 epidermal growth factor like 1 Rattus norvegicus 104-107 32904194-0 2020 Data showing effects of a PI3K-delta inhibitor on neutrophil superoxide production during FPR2 activation and reactivation. Superoxides 61-71 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta Homo sapiens 26-36 32904194-0 2020 Data showing effects of a PI3K-delta inhibitor on neutrophil superoxide production during FPR2 activation and reactivation. Superoxides 61-71 formyl peptide receptor 2 Homo sapiens 90-94 7816751-8 1994 These results suggest that the stabilization of EGF by NM in culture is an important factor in the expression of its effects, and that EGF induces Cu, Zn-SOD expression by accelerating transcription of the Cu, Zn-SOD gene in cells, resulting in their protection from the effects of superoxide anion radicals. Superoxides 282-307 epidermal growth factor like 1 Rattus norvegicus 135-138 8093097-0 1994 Evidence that inhibition of phorbol ester-induced superoxide anion formation by cyclosporin A in phagocytes is not mediated by direct inhibition of protein kinase C. Cyclosporin A (CsA) has been reported to inhibit phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced superoxide anion (O2-) formation in human neutrophils and murine macrophages. Superoxides 255-271 ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit Homo sapiens 181-184 32527005-5 2020 Antioxidant Mn-activated superoxide dismutase (SOD2) and (m)-aconitase activities were increased in HCM vs. CTRL. Superoxides 25-35 chymotrypsin like Homo sapiens 108-112 32509148-5 2020 Exogenous FNDC5 attenuated Ang II-induced superoxide generation, NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) and NLRP3 upregulation, mature caspase-1, and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) production in A7R5 cells. Superoxides 42-52 fibronectin type III domain containing 5 Rattus norvegicus 10-15 8093097-0 1994 Evidence that inhibition of phorbol ester-induced superoxide anion formation by cyclosporin A in phagocytes is not mediated by direct inhibition of protein kinase C. Cyclosporin A (CsA) has been reported to inhibit phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced superoxide anion (O2-) formation in human neutrophils and murine macrophages. Superoxides 273-275 ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit Homo sapiens 181-184 8093097-1 1994 We found that CsA inhibited O2- formation in HL-60 cells induced by PMA (30 nM) and phorbol dibutyrate (200 nM) with a half-maximal effect at 1 and 0.75 microM, respectively. Superoxides 28-30 ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit Homo sapiens 14-17 8093097-5 1994 These data show that CsA inhibits phorbol ester-induced O2- formation in HL-60 cells but not other phorbol ester-mediated events and that inhibition by CsA of O2- formation cannot readily be attributed to direct PKC inhibition. Superoxides 56-58 ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit Homo sapiens 21-24 32404052-0 2020 Resuscitation with macromolecular superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetic polynitroxylated PEGylated hemoglobin offers neuroprotection in guinea pigs after traumatic brain injury combined with hemorrhage shock. Superoxides 34-44 catalase Cavia porcellus 55-63 32404052-1 2020 BACKGROUND: Polynitroxylated PEGylated hemoglobin (PNPH, aka SanFlow) possesses superoxide dismutase/catalase mimetic activities that may directly protect the brain from oxidative stress. Superoxides 80-90 catalase Cavia porcellus 101-109 8093097-5 1994 These data show that CsA inhibits phorbol ester-induced O2- formation in HL-60 cells but not other phorbol ester-mediated events and that inhibition by CsA of O2- formation cannot readily be attributed to direct PKC inhibition. Superoxides 159-161 ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit Homo sapiens 152-155 8089806-8 1994 These results suggest that nephritogenic IgA-IC may amplify the proliferation of HMC and the production of immune/chemical mediators and superoxide anion thereby resulting in the renal lesions of IgAN. Superoxides 137-153 IGAN1 Homo sapiens 196-200 8186231-6 1994 Superoxide dismutase but not catalase or DMSO prevented the ferritin-stimulated inactivation of G6Pase suggesting a role for superoxide, but not H2O2 or hydroxyl radical, in the overall mechanism. Superoxides 125-135 glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit 1 Homo sapiens 96-102 31943079-5 2020 Culturing cells in historic O2 atmospheres (30-35%) increased the qE of cells, due to increased LHCSR1 and PsbS levels, and LHCSR3 in WT, showing that atmospheric O2 tensions regulate qE capacity. Superoxides 28-30 uncharacterized protein Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 96-102 31943079-5 2020 Culturing cells in historic O2 atmospheres (30-35%) increased the qE of cells, due to increased LHCSR1 and PsbS levels, and LHCSR3 in WT, showing that atmospheric O2 tensions regulate qE capacity. Superoxides 28-30 uncharacterized protein Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 124-130 31943079-5 2020 Culturing cells in historic O2 atmospheres (30-35%) increased the qE of cells, due to increased LHCSR1 and PsbS levels, and LHCSR3 in WT, showing that atmospheric O2 tensions regulate qE capacity. Superoxides 163-165 uncharacterized protein Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 96-102 31943079-5 2020 Culturing cells in historic O2 atmospheres (30-35%) increased the qE of cells, due to increased LHCSR1 and PsbS levels, and LHCSR3 in WT, showing that atmospheric O2 tensions regulate qE capacity. Superoxides 163-165 uncharacterized protein Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 124-130 8051690-2 1994 Activation of Cl- as well as H(+)-selective currents may give rise to stimulus-induced changes in membrane potential and counteract changes in intracellular pH (pHi) which have been observed to be closely associated with respiratory burst activation and superoxide production in macrophages. Superoxides 254-264 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Homo sapiens 161-164 31943079-9 2020 However, LHCSR3 has an important function in protecting PSI against O2-mediated damage, e.g. via RES. Superoxides 68-70 uncharacterized protein Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 9-15 8051690-9 1994 Activation of both conductances would contribute to the changes in membrane potential which accompany stimulation-induced activation of macrophages as well as counteract the decrease in pHi during sustained superoxide production. Superoxides 207-217 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Homo sapiens 186-189 8141770-3 1994 Activation of superoxide production by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine in whole cells, and by SDS in the cell-free assay, led to the dissociation of some of the p21rac2 from rhoGDI and its movement to the plasma membrane together with p47phox and p67phox. Superoxides 14-24 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 287-294 31820521-6 2020 RESULTS: It was shown that, at a temperature of 2373 K, selective vaporization of Sm2 O3 and Y2 O3 took place from the samples of the Sm2 O3 -Y2 O3 -HfO2 system, with the main vapor species being SmO, Sm, YO, and O. Superoxides 86-88 smoothened, frizzled class receptor Homo sapiens 196-199 32315368-2 2020 The platelet, one of the main activators of neutrophils, contains Interleukin 8 (IL-8), a potent neutrophil chemo-attractant and P-selectin that induces excretion of superoxide in the neutrophils, forming platelet-neutrophil aggregates that are increased in individuals with active UC, hence an index of both cells could produce a monitoring tool. Superoxides 166-176 selectin P Homo sapiens 129-139 8125910-0 1994 The GDP-bound form of the small G protein Rac1 p21 is a potent activator of the superoxide-forming NADPH oxidase of macrophages. Superoxides 80-90 ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 Cavia porcellus 42-46 8166235-4 1994 It was inhibited by exposing the rings for 90 min either to peroxide [50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 0.56 +/- 0.18 mM] or to superoxide generated by xanthine oxidase (XO; 0.3 mM xanthine and xanthine oxidase, IC50 = 0.08 +/- 02 mU/ml). Superoxides 132-142 xanthine dehydrogenase Sus scrofa 156-172 32339785-2 2020 Studies suggest that the regulatory EF-hand binding domain (REFBD) and phosphorylatable (PhosR) sequences within DH play an important role in Nox5"s superoxide-generating activity. Superoxides 149-159 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 142-146 15374307-5 1994 The authors demonstrated that the steady-state levels of ODC mRNA and the correlated superoxide anion production are lower in the monocytes of elderly subjects with respect to those in young subjects used as control. Superoxides 85-101 ornithine decarboxylase 1 Homo sapiens 57-60 32031641-4 2020 E-O3 decreased light-saturated net photosynthesis (Asat), mesophyll conductance (gm) and apparent maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax, based on intercellular CO2 concentration) but not actual Vcmax (based on chloroplast CO2 concentration), and increased respiration in light (Rd) at 25 C. Nitrogen fertilization increased Asat, gm, Vcmax and the maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax), and reduced Rd at 25 C and the activation energy of actual Vcmax. Superoxides 2-4 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 7 Homo sapiens 51-55 32031641-4 2020 E-O3 decreased light-saturated net photosynthesis (Asat), mesophyll conductance (gm) and apparent maximum rate of carboxylation (Vcmax, based on intercellular CO2 concentration) but not actual Vcmax (based on chloroplast CO2 concentration), and increased respiration in light (Rd) at 25 C. Nitrogen fertilization increased Asat, gm, Vcmax and the maximum rate of electron transport (Jmax), and reduced Rd at 25 C and the activation energy of actual Vcmax. Superoxides 2-4 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 7 Homo sapiens 323-327 32295440-6 2020 BSC2 can maintain the permeability of mitochondrial membrane and cell membrane integrity by inhibiting the accumulation of intercellular reactive oxygen species and alleviating the production of lipid peroxidation and superoxide radical. Superoxides 218-236 Bsc2p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 0-4 32295440-8 2020 Taken together, BSC2 inhibits oxidative damage induced by Amphotericin B through increasing activities of antioxidant enzymes and levels of GSH to alleviate the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxidation and superoxide radical, resulting in the maintenance of mitochondrial membrane potential and cell membrane integrity. Superoxides 225-235 Bsc2p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 16-20 31812422-6 2020 The catalytic experiments on Mox/N-CNT were performed in temperature range of 190-230 C in which the feed gas was composed of 3000 ppm H2S and 1500 ppm O2. Superoxides 153-155 monooxygenase DBH like 1 Homo sapiens 29-32 32150794-7 2020 ROS such as hydrogen peroxide and superoxides induce both EGFR tyrosine phosphorylation and eIF2alpha phosphorylation. Superoxides 34-45 epidermal growth factor receptor Mus musculus 58-62 31691474-6 2020 The experimental studies and DFT calculations reveal that the high performance of the Co@FLG is mainly attributed to its great O2 absorptivity endowed by the abundant Co-Nx and pyridinic-N in the FLG shell and the strong electron-donating ability from the Co ND core to the FLG shell to elevate the eg-orbital energy of Co(II) and lower the activation energy for breaking the O=O/O-O bonds. Superoxides 127-129 filaggrin Homo sapiens 89-92 31691474-6 2020 The experimental studies and DFT calculations reveal that the high performance of the Co@FLG is mainly attributed to its great O2 absorptivity endowed by the abundant Co-Nx and pyridinic-N in the FLG shell and the strong electron-donating ability from the Co ND core to the FLG shell to elevate the eg-orbital energy of Co(II) and lower the activation energy for breaking the O=O/O-O bonds. Superoxides 127-129 filaggrin Homo sapiens 196-199 31691474-6 2020 The experimental studies and DFT calculations reveal that the high performance of the Co@FLG is mainly attributed to its great O2 absorptivity endowed by the abundant Co-Nx and pyridinic-N in the FLG shell and the strong electron-donating ability from the Co ND core to the FLG shell to elevate the eg-orbital energy of Co(II) and lower the activation energy for breaking the O=O/O-O bonds. Superoxides 127-129 filaggrin Homo sapiens 196-199 31691474-6 2020 The experimental studies and DFT calculations reveal that the high performance of the Co@FLG is mainly attributed to its great O2 absorptivity endowed by the abundant Co-Nx and pyridinic-N in the FLG shell and the strong electron-donating ability from the Co ND core to the FLG shell to elevate the eg-orbital energy of Co(II) and lower the activation energy for breaking the O=O/O-O bonds. Superoxides 380-383 filaggrin Homo sapiens 89-92 31691474-6 2020 The experimental studies and DFT calculations reveal that the high performance of the Co@FLG is mainly attributed to its great O2 absorptivity endowed by the abundant Co-Nx and pyridinic-N in the FLG shell and the strong electron-donating ability from the Co ND core to the FLG shell to elevate the eg-orbital energy of Co(II) and lower the activation energy for breaking the O=O/O-O bonds. Superoxides 380-383 filaggrin Homo sapiens 196-199 31691474-6 2020 The experimental studies and DFT calculations reveal that the high performance of the Co@FLG is mainly attributed to its great O2 absorptivity endowed by the abundant Co-Nx and pyridinic-N in the FLG shell and the strong electron-donating ability from the Co ND core to the FLG shell to elevate the eg-orbital energy of Co(II) and lower the activation energy for breaking the O=O/O-O bonds. Superoxides 380-383 filaggrin Homo sapiens 196-199 31517390-9 2020 In an MCAO model, overexpressing miR-31 and silencing PKD1 reduced neuronal injury, cerebral infarct volume, neuron loss, and oxidative stress injury, inhibited the activation of JAK/STAT3 pathway and the expressions of PKD1, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, malondialdehyde, 4-HNE, 8-HOdG, caspase-3, and Bax, but increased the superoxide dismutase content. Superoxides 355-365 microRNA 31 Mus musculus 33-39 31883448-5 2020 Superoxide dismutase activity was increased by Met-SO and Met (1 and 2 mM) + Met-SO (P < 0.05). Superoxides 0-10 granzyme M Homo sapiens 47-73 7509321-0 1994 Pentoxifylline and CD14 antibody additively inhibit priming of polymorphonuclear leukocytes for enhanced release of superoxide by lipopolysaccharide: possible mechanism of these actions. Superoxides 116-126 CD14 molecule Homo sapiens 19-23 7905732-2 1994 While activation of beta 2-adrenoceptors is known to inhibit N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced superoxide anion (O2-) production, the functional role of alpha 2-adrenoceptors is not known. Superoxides 122-138 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2 Homo sapiens 20-26 7905732-2 1994 While activation of beta 2-adrenoceptors is known to inhibit N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced superoxide anion (O2-) production, the functional role of alpha 2-adrenoceptors is not known. Superoxides 140-142 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2 Homo sapiens 20-26 8262614-0 1994 Reduction in superoxide anion secretion and bactericidal activity of neutrophils from aged rats: reversal by the combination of gamma interferon and growth hormone. Superoxides 13-29 gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor Rattus norvegicus 149-163 8262614-2 1994 Secretion of O2- and killing of E. coli by PMN from both young and old rats can be significantly augmented by preincubation with either 250 U of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) or 250 ng of growth hormone (GH) per ml. Superoxides 13-15 gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor Rattus norvegicus 187-201 8262614-2 1994 Secretion of O2- and killing of E. coli by PMN from both young and old rats can be significantly augmented by preincubation with either 250 U of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) or 250 ng of growth hormone (GH) per ml. Superoxides 13-15 gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor Rattus norvegicus 203-205 8262614-3 1994 This priming is specific, because neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against either IFN-gamma or GH completely abrogate the enhanced O2- secretion by PMN from young rats. Superoxides 133-135 gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor Rattus norvegicus 97-99 8308176-0 1994 IgE produces monocyte superoxide anion release: correlation with CD23 expression. Superoxides 22-38 Fc epsilon receptor II Homo sapiens 65-69 8253856-7 1993 The functional importance of V-type H+ ATPase-activity in preserving pHi homeostasis at acidic extracellular pH levels was reflected by the impairment of O2- production at pHo 6.70 when H+ ATPase activity was inhibited: bafilomycin A1 reduced O2- production from 13.9 +/- 1.0 to 9.3 +/- 0.6 nmoles/10(6) cells/40 min, in control and bafilomycin A1-treated cells, respectively (P < 0.05), while EPA had no effect. Superoxides 154-156 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1 Mus musculus 69-72 8253856-7 1993 The functional importance of V-type H+ ATPase-activity in preserving pHi homeostasis at acidic extracellular pH levels was reflected by the impairment of O2- production at pHo 6.70 when H+ ATPase activity was inhibited: bafilomycin A1 reduced O2- production from 13.9 +/- 1.0 to 9.3 +/- 0.6 nmoles/10(6) cells/40 min, in control and bafilomycin A1-treated cells, respectively (P < 0.05), while EPA had no effect. Superoxides 243-245 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1 Mus musculus 69-72 8253856-9 1993 Lowering pHi from 6.80 to 6.60 reduced O2- production from 15.3 +/- 1.8 to 9.8 +/- 1.6 nmoles/10(6) cells/40 min (P < 0.05), indicating that the cytoplasmic acidification resulting from inhibition of H+ ATPases at low pHo could account for the associated impairment of O2- production. Superoxides 39-41 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1 Mus musculus 9-12 8253856-9 1993 Lowering pHi from 6.80 to 6.60 reduced O2- production from 15.3 +/- 1.8 to 9.8 +/- 1.6 nmoles/10(6) cells/40 min (P < 0.05), indicating that the cytoplasmic acidification resulting from inhibition of H+ ATPases at low pHo could account for the associated impairment of O2- production. Superoxides 272-274 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase 1 Mus musculus 9-12 8238533-4 1993 The vascular effects of TNF were associated with 1) decreased lung effluent nitrite (NO2-, oxidation product of nitric oxide), 2) increased lung effluent superoxide (O2-), and 3) increased lung myeloperoxidase (MPO). Superoxides 154-164 tumor necrosis factor Cavia porcellus 24-27 31833100-5 2020 This unique SERS activity allows the recycling of the substrate through H 2 O 2 -based Fenton-like reaction. Superoxides 74-79 seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 12-16 8238533-4 1993 The vascular effects of TNF were associated with 1) decreased lung effluent nitrite (NO2-, oxidation product of nitric oxide), 2) increased lung effluent superoxide (O2-), and 3) increased lung myeloperoxidase (MPO). Superoxides 86-88 tumor necrosis factor Cavia porcellus 24-27 8260539-3 1993 On the other hand, TNF or radiation treatment can stimulate the expression of a mitochondrial superoxide scavenging enzyme, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), which can lower the cytotoxic effects of both agents. Superoxides 94-104 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 124-154 31971173-1 2020 The O2 reactivity of an artificial biomolecular hydrogenase, the nickel binding protein (NBP) is investigated. Superoxides 4-6 NUBP iron-sulfur cluster assembly factor 1, cytosolic Homo sapiens 65-87 31971173-1 2020 The O2 reactivity of an artificial biomolecular hydrogenase, the nickel binding protein (NBP) is investigated. Superoxides 4-6 NUBP iron-sulfur cluster assembly factor 1, cytosolic Homo sapiens 89-92 31971173-4 2020 Computational studies provided insight into the S oxygenation and the reaction intermediates of a proposed mechanistic pathway for O2 activation by NBP. Superoxides 131-133 NUBP iron-sulfur cluster assembly factor 1, cytosolic Homo sapiens 148-151 8260539-3 1993 On the other hand, TNF or radiation treatment can stimulate the expression of a mitochondrial superoxide scavenging enzyme, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), which can lower the cytotoxic effects of both agents. Superoxides 94-104 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 156-161 8232185-1 1993 The localization of Cu/Zn and Mn superoxide dismutase (SOD), which catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radicals (O2-) to O2 and H2O2, in various thyroid disorders was studied by an immunohistochemical technique in 20% formalin fixed paraffin embedded thin sections using anti-human Cu/Zn and Mn-SOD antibodies. Superoxides 33-43 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 296-302 31876685-11 2020 These observations suggest that SirT3-SOD2-intracellular superoxide is a key component associated with the cognitive dysfunction induced by LTIH. Superoxides 57-67 sirtuin 3 Mus musculus 32-37 32011969-3 2021 A significant upregulated expression of Bcl2 and PCNA genes and significantly downregulated expression of Casp3 and p53 were observed in the blastocysts at 5% than those at 20% O2. Superoxides 177-179 caspase-3 Ovis aries 106-111 8232185-1 1993 The localization of Cu/Zn and Mn superoxide dismutase (SOD), which catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radicals (O2-) to O2 and H2O2, in various thyroid disorders was studied by an immunohistochemical technique in 20% formalin fixed paraffin embedded thin sections using anti-human Cu/Zn and Mn-SOD antibodies. Superoxides 117-119 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 30-53 8232185-1 1993 The localization of Cu/Zn and Mn superoxide dismutase (SOD), which catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide radicals (O2-) to O2 and H2O2, in various thyroid disorders was studied by an immunohistochemical technique in 20% formalin fixed paraffin embedded thin sections using anti-human Cu/Zn and Mn-SOD antibodies. Superoxides 125-127 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 30-53 31850803-5 2020 MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Unlike control cells, BMPR2 mutant cardiomyocytes have reduced metabolic plasticity as indicated by reduced mitochondrial respiration with increased mitochondrial superoxide production. Superoxides 194-204 bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 2 Homo sapiens 53-58 8101796-3 1993 This study was carried out to compare a long-acting beta 2-agonist, formoterol, with a conventional short-acting one, salbutamol, on the release of superoxide anion (O2-) and bacterial killing by alveolar macrophages obtained with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from 20 patients with chronic bronchitis. Superoxides 148-164 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2 Homo sapiens 52-58 31901883-8 2020 In addition, AtTrx-h2-overexpressing transgenic plants exhibited lower levels of hydrogen peroxide and higher activities of antioxidant enzymes including peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase, compared with the plants expressing the empty vector control or AtTrx-h3. Superoxides 180-190 thioredoxin 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 13-21 8101796-3 1993 This study was carried out to compare a long-acting beta 2-agonist, formoterol, with a conventional short-acting one, salbutamol, on the release of superoxide anion (O2-) and bacterial killing by alveolar macrophages obtained with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from 20 patients with chronic bronchitis. Superoxides 166-168 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2 Homo sapiens 52-58 8269811-2 1993 Therefore, we evaluated the influence of diabetes control, measured as HbA1, level on superoxide anions production and neutrophils adherence to foreign surface. Superoxides 86-103 hemoglobin subunit alpha 1 Homo sapiens 71-75 7692133-8 1993 Urinary trypsin inhibitor, the inhibitor of neutrophil elastase, decreased the release of LDH from HuH-6 cells cocultured with stimulated neutrophils, while superoxide scavenger did not. Superoxides 157-167 elastase, neutrophil expressed Homo sapiens 44-63 32036959-6 2020 Furthermore, the malondialdehyde concentration was significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione were significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in the HELP group compared with those in the Con and HELP + RSV groups. Superoxides 110-120 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Gallus gallus 132-135 8394950-8 1993 Besides reducing the excessive O2- formation, methylprednisolone induced an increase in polymorph expression of the gene encoding for manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) enzyme. Superoxides 31-33 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 134-164 8394950-8 1993 Besides reducing the excessive O2- formation, methylprednisolone induced an increase in polymorph expression of the gene encoding for manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) enzyme. Superoxides 31-33 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 166-172 8394950-10 1993 Methylprednisolone normalizes the abnormal generation of O2-, likely through its ability to up-regulate the gene for Mn-SOD, a potent antioxidant enzyme. Superoxides 57-59 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 117-123 8397441-3 1993 Superoxide anion release by HHM phi showed a significant, positive correlation with the serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) level, whereas O2- release by MO showed only a weak correlation with the GPT level. Superoxides 0-16 glutamic--pyruvic transaminase Homo sapiens 94-125 31927537-5 2020 Accordingly, the upregulation of FMO3 mimicked the effects of CR: reduced serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 and fasting insulin; relief of oxidative stress, with lower hepatic malondialdehyde levels and higher superoxide dismutase activity; reduced serum and hepatic levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride, as well as reduced lipid deposition in the liver; and diminished levels of aging-related markers beta-gal and p16. Superoxides 232-242 flavin containing monooxygenase 3 Mus musculus 33-37 8397441-3 1993 Superoxide anion release by HHM phi showed a significant, positive correlation with the serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) level, whereas O2- release by MO showed only a weak correlation with the GPT level. Superoxides 0-16 glutamic--pyruvic transaminase Homo sapiens 127-130 8391055-2 1993 Platelet-activating factor (PAF) and recombinant bovine interleukin-1 beta (r-BoIL-1 beta) induced superoxide production and beta-glucosaminadase release in bovine neutrophils. Superoxides 99-109 interleukin 1 beta Bos taurus 56-74 31814556-9 2020 Cisplatin-induced Programmed Death- Ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression was repressed by Rh2 via the superoxide. Superoxides 93-103 CD274 molecule Homo sapiens 18-44 8350650-1 1993 A mutant of rad-8, originally isolated on the basis of its hypersensitivity to ultraviolet radiation, is also hypersensitive to oxygen and methyl viologen, a superoxide-anion generator. Superoxides 158-174 Reticulon-4-interacting protein 1, mitochondrial Caenorhabditis elegans 12-17 31814556-9 2020 Cisplatin-induced Programmed Death- Ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression was repressed by Rh2 via the superoxide. Superoxides 93-103 CD274 molecule Homo sapiens 46-51 8442664-2 1993 The role of the enzyme copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD; superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase; EC 1.15.1.1), which scavenges superoxide anion radicals, as a longevity determinant was examined in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster. Superoxides 35-45 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 57-66 31652414-5 2019 Using chromatin and DNA:RNA hybrid immunoprecipitation assays, we report recruitment of OGG1 to the DNA:RNA hybrid in intron 1, where it increases nascent RNA but lowers mRNA levels in O3-exposed human airway epithelial cells and mouse lungs. Superoxides 185-187 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 88-92 31871555-6 2019 Treatment with neutrophil elastase inhibitors, either sivelestat sodium hydrate or SERPINB1, effectively reduced lung naphthol-positive cells and BALF inflammatory cell content, increased expression of lung HO-1 and tight junction proteins ZO-1 and occludin, and increased the activity of superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 289-299 serpin family B member 1A Rattus norvegicus 83-91 8442664-2 1993 The role of the enzyme copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD; superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase; EC 1.15.1.1), which scavenges superoxide anion radicals, as a longevity determinant was examined in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster. Superoxides 136-161 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 23-55 8442664-2 1993 The role of the enzyme copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD; superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase; EC 1.15.1.1), which scavenges superoxide anion radicals, as a longevity determinant was examined in transgenic Drosophila melanogaster. Superoxides 136-161 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 57-66 1329770-9 1992 in GR inhibition, a superoxide generating system was utilized in the presence and absence of flavonoid. Superoxides 20-30 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 3-5 31616516-9 2019 In addition, STAT3 siRNA transfection and GYY4137 blocked HG-induced oxidative stress as evidenced by the decrease in reactive oxygen species generation, malondialdehyde content and NADPH oxidase 2 expression, and the increase in superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione level. Superoxides 230-240 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Rattus norvegicus 13-18 31736979-3 2019 Superoxide anion is produced by the phagocyte NADPH oxidase/NOX2, a multicomponent enzyme system consisting of six proteins: two trans-membrane proteins (gp91 phox and p22 phox ) and four soluble cytosolic proteins (p40 phox , p67 phox , p47 phox , and the small G-proteins, Rac1/2). Superoxides 0-16 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 168-176 31736979-3 2019 Superoxide anion is produced by the phagocyte NADPH oxidase/NOX2, a multicomponent enzyme system consisting of six proteins: two trans-membrane proteins (gp91 phox and p22 phox ) and four soluble cytosolic proteins (p40 phox , p67 phox , p47 phox , and the small G-proteins, Rac1/2). Superoxides 0-16 neutrophil cytosolic factor 4 Homo sapiens 216-224 31736979-12 2019 These results suggest that the prolyl cis/trans isomerase Pin1 may control LPS-induced priming of superoxide production in human neutrophils. Superoxides 98-108 peptidylprolyl cis/trans isomerase, NIMA-interacting 1 Homo sapiens 58-62 1328385-2 1992 An agonist-activated phospholipase D/phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase (PAH) pathway was recently demonstrated in human neutrophils, and evidence suggests that phosphatidic acid (PA) and/or diradylglycerol (DG) generated from this pathway participates in activation of the O2(-)-generating respiratory burst. Superoxides 274-276 phenylalanine hydroxylase Homo sapiens 35-71 30963466-1 2019 PURPOSE: NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5), the main isoform of NOX in spermatozoa, has been recognized as the main active generators of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anion (O 2 -. ) Superoxides 167-183 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 9-24 1328385-2 1992 An agonist-activated phospholipase D/phosphatidic acid phosphohydrolase (PAH) pathway was recently demonstrated in human neutrophils, and evidence suggests that phosphatidic acid (PA) and/or diradylglycerol (DG) generated from this pathway participates in activation of the O2(-)-generating respiratory burst. Superoxides 274-276 phenylalanine hydroxylase Homo sapiens 73-76 1383769-5 1992 In order to understand the in vivo relationship between oxidative damage and the production of the superoxide radical, we generated transgenic strains of Drosophila melanogaster that synthesize excess levels of enzymatically active superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 99-109 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 232-252 30963466-1 2019 PURPOSE: NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5), the main isoform of NOX in spermatozoa, has been recognized as the main active generators of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anion (O 2 -. ) Superoxides 167-183 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 26-30 1383769-6 1992 This was accomplished by P-element transformation of Drosophila melanogaster with the bovine cDNA for CuZn superoxide dismutase, an enzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide radical to hydrogen peroxide and water. Superoxides 177-195 superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Bos taurus 102-127 31175066-4 2019 Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is an AngII-activated intra-neuronal signaling protein, which has been suggested to be redox sensitive as overexpressing the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase attenuates AngII-induced activation of CaMKII. Superoxides 200-210 calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha Mus musculus 0-46 31175066-4 2019 Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is an AngII-activated intra-neuronal signaling protein, which has been suggested to be redox sensitive as overexpressing the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase attenuates AngII-induced activation of CaMKII. Superoxides 200-210 calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha Mus musculus 48-54 1314540-0 1992 Superoxide generated by glutathione reductase initiates a vanadate-dependent free radical chain oxidation of NADH. Superoxides 0-10 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 24-45 31175066-4 2019 Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is an AngII-activated intra-neuronal signaling protein, which has been suggested to be redox sensitive as overexpressing the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase attenuates AngII-induced activation of CaMKII. Superoxides 200-210 calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha Mus musculus 260-266 1314540-7 1992 We conclude that GSSG reductase, and by extension other O2(-)-producing flavoprotein dehydrogenases such as lipoyl dehydrogenase and ferredoxin reductase, catalyze V(V)-stimulated oxidation of NAD(P)H because they release O2- and because O2- plus V(V) initiate a free radical chain oxidation of NAD(P)H. Superoxides 56-58 ferredoxin reductase Homo sapiens 133-153 1314540-7 1992 We conclude that GSSG reductase, and by extension other O2(-)-producing flavoprotein dehydrogenases such as lipoyl dehydrogenase and ferredoxin reductase, catalyze V(V)-stimulated oxidation of NAD(P)H because they release O2- and because O2- plus V(V) initiate a free radical chain oxidation of NAD(P)H. Superoxides 222-224 ferredoxin reductase Homo sapiens 133-153 31248984-5 2019 ET-1 has been reported to mediate superoxide formation in the vascular system via NADPH oxidase (NOX) and to regulate the actin cytoskeleton of cancer cell lines via the cofilin pathway. Superoxides 34-44 endothelin 1 Mus musculus 0-4 1314540-7 1992 We conclude that GSSG reductase, and by extension other O2(-)-producing flavoprotein dehydrogenases such as lipoyl dehydrogenase and ferredoxin reductase, catalyze V(V)-stimulated oxidation of NAD(P)H because they release O2- and because O2- plus V(V) initiate a free radical chain oxidation of NAD(P)H. Superoxides 222-224 ferredoxin reductase Homo sapiens 133-153 31248984-11 2019 In conclusion, our findings suggest a role for ETB in neurodegeneration by promoting cofilin rod formation and dendritic loss via NOX-driven superoxide formation and cofilin activation. Superoxides 141-151 endothelin receptor type B Mus musculus 47-50 1314387-2 1992 Increases in XD and XO activity in EC induced by hypoxia were associated upon reoxygenation with increased (P less than 0.05) extracellular superoxide anion (O2-.) Superoxides 140-156 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 13-15 31701714-9 2019 Compared with 21% O2 group, the expressions of Nrf2 mRNA and protein, antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, CAT, HO-1, NQO-1, GPX-1 mRNA were increased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and ROS level was lower (P<0.01) in 12%O2 group cells; only the expression of GPX-1 mRNA was increased (P<0.05) in 8%O2 group; the expressions of Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression, antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, NQO-1, GPX-1 mRNA were decreased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and ROS level was higher (P<0.01) in 5%O2 group. Superoxides 18-20 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 120-125 31701714-9 2019 Compared with 21% O2 group, the expressions of Nrf2 mRNA and protein, antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, CAT, HO-1, NQO-1, GPX-1 mRNA were increased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and ROS level was lower (P<0.01) in 12%O2 group cells; only the expression of GPX-1 mRNA was increased (P<0.05) in 8%O2 group; the expressions of Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression, antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, NQO-1, GPX-1 mRNA were decreased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and ROS level was higher (P<0.01) in 5%O2 group. Superoxides 18-20 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 267-272 31701714-9 2019 Compared with 21% O2 group, the expressions of Nrf2 mRNA and protein, antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, CAT, HO-1, NQO-1, GPX-1 mRNA were increased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and ROS level was lower (P<0.01) in 12%O2 group cells; only the expression of GPX-1 mRNA was increased (P<0.05) in 8%O2 group; the expressions of Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression, antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, NQO-1, GPX-1 mRNA were decreased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and ROS level was higher (P<0.01) in 5%O2 group. Superoxides 18-20 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 267-272 1310696-0 1992 Growth hormone augments superoxide anion secretion of human neutrophils by binding to the prolactin receptor. Superoxides 24-40 prolactin receptor Homo sapiens 90-108 1310226-3 1992 Ozone-exposed human SP-A showed a decreased ability to enhance phagocytosis of herpes simplex virus and to stimulate superoxide anion production by alveolar macrophages. Superoxides 117-133 surfactant protein A1 Homo sapiens 20-24 30733333-10 2019 O-GlcNAcylation enhanced cellular respiration and promoted mitochondrial superoxide levels in WT cells, and 4E-BP1/2 deletion prevented O-GlcNAcylation-induced mitochondrial superoxide in cells in culture and in the retina. Superoxides 174-184 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 Mus musculus 108-116 30760703-7 2019 Transfection of Rac1G12V active mutant into HKE3 cells induced PDIA1 to become restrictive of Nox1-dependent superoxide, while in HCT116 cells treated with Rac1 inhibitor, PDIA1 became supportive of superoxide. Superoxides 109-119 prolyl 4-hydroxylase, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 63-68 30551468-10 2019 Production of general reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide in MM or CBL was detected after scutellarein treatment, which was reduced by MitoTEMPO or apocynin treatment, respectively. Superoxides 64-74 Casitas B-lineage lymphoma Mus musculus 84-87 30790510-7 2019 Our findings are substantiated by reduced NO as well as nitric oxide end products (nitrate and nitrite), and increased superoxide production in Stat5b silenced MIN6 cells. Superoxides 120-130 signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B Mus musculus 145-151 30790510-9 2019 To detoxify excess superoxide as a consequence of lowered Nos2, an overexpressed SOD2 in Stat5b silenced cells results in increased H2O2 production. Superoxides 19-29 signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B Mus musculus 89-95 30098377-6 2018 In addition, NLRP3 KO inhibited expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) and NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) and superoxide production in diabetic kidneys. Superoxides 117-127 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 13-18 29979350-6 2018 Irisin also reduces I/R-induced oxidative stress as determined by mitochondrial membrane potential evaluation and superoxide FLASH event recording (n = 4, P < 0.05). Superoxides 114-124 fibronectin type III domain containing 5 Homo sapiens 0-6 30317185-8 2018 siRNA-mediated NOX3 downregulation also prevented cytokine-induced superoxide generation and lipolysis. Superoxides 67-77 NADPH oxidase 3 Homo sapiens 15-19 30317185-10 2018 We conclude that NOX3 is a cytokine-inducible superoxide-generating enzyme in adipocytes, which promotes lipolysis through increasing phosphorylation of HSL. Superoxides 46-56 NADPH oxidase 3 Homo sapiens 17-21 30317185-11 2018 This suggests a key role for NOX3-mediated superoxide production in the increased adipocyte lipolysis in inflammatory settings. Superoxides 43-53 NADPH oxidase 3 Homo sapiens 29-33 30504838-8 2018 Neurons expressing either GluN2B subunits or chimeric GluN2A/GluN2B C-terminus subunits exhibited NMDA-induced superoxide production, whereas neurons expressing chimeric GluN2B/GluN2A C-terminus subunits did not. Superoxides 111-121 glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA2B (epsilon 2) Mus musculus 61-67 30504838-8 2018 Neurons expressing either GluN2B subunits or chimeric GluN2A/GluN2B C-terminus subunits exhibited NMDA-induced superoxide production, whereas neurons expressing chimeric GluN2B/GluN2A C-terminus subunits did not. Superoxides 111-121 glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA2B (epsilon 2) Mus musculus 61-67 30483268-5 2018 Furthermore, Ser329 of p47phox was identified for enhancement of superoxide production. Superoxides 65-75 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 23-30 29655889-6 2018 TLP-1 from water elution possessed of higher reducing power and scavenging activities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, superoxide radical and hydroxyl radical than TLP-2 eluted by 0.1M of NaCl. Superoxides 140-158 cysteine rich protein 3 Homo sapiens 0-3 29957360-4 2018 After one day of exposure to the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL), the expression of the proteins involved in superoxide anion production was determined by western blotting. Superoxides 136-152 tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11 Mus musculus 33-83 29957360-4 2018 After one day of exposure to the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL), the expression of the proteins involved in superoxide anion production was determined by western blotting. Superoxides 136-152 tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11 Mus musculus 85-90 29957360-10 2018 This study provides evidence that the anti-osteoclastic effect of CAPE depends upon the attenuated superoxide anion production, which is closely related with interruption of an active Nox1 complex formation due to the attenuated catalytic subunit Nox1 expression resulting from suppression of the IKKbeta/IkappaBalpha/NF-kappaB and JNK/AP-1 signaling pathway and the down-regulation of the p47phox subunit translocation to the cell membrane. Superoxides 99-115 inhibitor of kappaB kinase beta Mus musculus 297-304 29957360-10 2018 This study provides evidence that the anti-osteoclastic effect of CAPE depends upon the attenuated superoxide anion production, which is closely related with interruption of an active Nox1 complex formation due to the attenuated catalytic subunit Nox1 expression resulting from suppression of the IKKbeta/IkappaBalpha/NF-kappaB and JNK/AP-1 signaling pathway and the down-regulation of the p47phox subunit translocation to the cell membrane. Superoxides 99-115 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 390-397 29987037-4 2018 In the current study, we investigated the role of the superoxide-generating enzyme NADPH oxidase (NOX) in Drosophila ovulation. Superoxides 54-64 NADPH oxidase Drosophila melanogaster 83-96 29987037-4 2018 In the current study, we investigated the role of the superoxide-generating enzyme NADPH oxidase (NOX) in Drosophila ovulation. Superoxides 54-64 NADPH oxidase Drosophila melanogaster 98-101 29987037-5 2018 We report that Nox is highly enriched in mature follicle cells and that Nox knockdown in these cells leads to a reduction in superoxide and to defective ovulation. Superoxides 125-135 NADPH oxidase Drosophila melanogaster 15-18 29987037-5 2018 We report that Nox is highly enriched in mature follicle cells and that Nox knockdown in these cells leads to a reduction in superoxide and to defective ovulation. Superoxides 125-135 NADPH oxidase Drosophila melanogaster 72-75 29619655-6 2018 Additionally, persistent HS up-regulates SOD which converts superoxides to hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 60-71 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Gallus gallus 41-44 1337538-4 1992 In addition, bovine Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase was immobilised to PACE by passive adsorption and superoxide, generated by xanthine/xanthine oxidase, detected by oxidation of hydrogen peroxide produced by the enzymic dismutation of the superoxide radical. Superoxides 235-253 superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Bos taurus 20-46 1682406-12 1991 These data suggested that free radicals including superoxide anion are possibly involved in the pathogenesis of the disease and Mn-SOD may play some role in a protection against the superoxide anion. Superoxides 182-198 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 128-134 1924315-1 1991 Copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1 gene product) (superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) is a copper-containing enzyme that functions to prevent oxygen toxicity. Superoxides 13-23 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 35-39 1892642-8 1991 Gap formation was prevented by alpha 1-antitrypsin, N-methoxysuccinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val-chloromethylketone, or 10% serum, was mimicked by PMN elastase (24 micrograms/ml), but not by hydrogen peroxide in concentrations up to 10 mM, or superoxide generated by xanthine/xanthine oxidase, and was reversible within 24 h of removal of elastase and exposure to fresh medium. Superoxides 232-242 alpha-1-antitrypsin Mustela putorius furo 31-50 1663709-7 1991 A first-order decay of superoxide is obtained when the aqueous buffer contains bovine Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase or aquo copper(II), which are known catalysts of superoxide dismutation. Superoxides 23-33 superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Bos taurus 86-112 1668725-9 1991 TNF-alpha induces manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) which also uses O2- to produce cytotoxic concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 84-86 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 18-59 1668725-9 1991 TNF-alpha induces manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) which also uses O2- to produce cytotoxic concentrations of hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 84-86 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 61-66 1649184-0 1991 Superoxide anion increases intracellular pH, intracellular free calcium, and arachidonate release in human amnion cells. Superoxides 0-16 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Homo sapiens 41-43 1649184-1 1991 We determined the effects of superoxide anion, produced by addition of xanthine oxidase to hypoxanthine, on the intracellular pH (pHi) and intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and release of arachidonate in human cultured amnion cells. Superoxides 29-45 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Homo sapiens 126-128 1649184-1 1991 We determined the effects of superoxide anion, produced by addition of xanthine oxidase to hypoxanthine, on the intracellular pH (pHi) and intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and release of arachidonate in human cultured amnion cells. Superoxides 29-45 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Homo sapiens 130-133 1649184-2 1991 Superoxide anion induced a prompt increase of pHi and subsequent increase of [Ca2+]i. Superoxides 0-16 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Homo sapiens 46-49 1649184-6 1991 But the increase of [Ca2+]i induced by the NH4Cl was significantly less than that induced by the amount of superoxide anion causing a similar increase in pHi. Superoxides 107-123 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Homo sapiens 154-157 1649184-7 1991 These results show that superoxide anion, crossed through anion channel in membrane, increased [Ca2+]i at least partially via increase of pHi and that the calcium mobilization was dependent on both extracellular and intracellular sources. Superoxides 24-40 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Homo sapiens 138-141 1649184-12 1991 These findings suggested that superoxide anion may regulate biological functions in amnion cells via pHi, [Ca2+]i mobilization, and the release of arachidonate without damaging the cells. Superoxides 30-46 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Homo sapiens 101-104 1646323-3 1991 Employing a microassay for the measurement of O2- production by rabbit aortic rings, which is based on the established method of reduction of cytochrome c by O2-, we studied the interaction between O2- and EDRF using L-arginine, an N-substituted arginine compound, namely, N alpha-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester (BAEE), sodium nitroprusside and NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMMA), a putative specific inhibitor of EDRF synthesis. Superoxides 158-160 cytochrome c Oryctolagus cuniculus 142-154 1646323-3 1991 Employing a microassay for the measurement of O2- production by rabbit aortic rings, which is based on the established method of reduction of cytochrome c by O2-, we studied the interaction between O2- and EDRF using L-arginine, an N-substituted arginine compound, namely, N alpha-benzoyl-L-arginine ethyl ester (BAEE), sodium nitroprusside and NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMMA), a putative specific inhibitor of EDRF synthesis. Superoxides 158-160 cytochrome c Oryctolagus cuniculus 142-154 1848559-8 1991 Taken together these results indicate that PKC-dependent phosphorylation of p47-phox correlates with association of p47-phox with the cytoskeleton and with translocation of p47-phox and p67-phox to the plasma membrane, with the ensuing assembly of an active superoxide-generating NADPH-dependent oxidase. Superoxides 258-268 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 186-194 1652585-1 1991 The oxidase reaction of lipoamide dehydrogenase with NADH generates superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide under aerobic conditions. Superoxides 68-78 dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 24-47 1652585-5 1991 These results demonstrate that the DMPO-OOH adduct was produced from the superoxide radical generated by lipoamide dehydrogenase. Superoxides 73-83 dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 105-128 1652585-8 1991 Addition of ferritin to the NADH-lipoamide dehydrogenase system resulted in a decrease of the DMPO-OOH signal, indicating that the superoxide radical interacted with ferritin iron. Superoxides 131-141 dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 33-56 2001413-1 1991 Conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) to xanthine oxidase (XO) and the toxic reactions of subsequent XO-derived superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical, have been suggested to be critical factors in several mechanisms of tissue pathophysiology. Superoxides 117-127 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 14-36 2001413-1 1991 Conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) to xanthine oxidase (XO) and the toxic reactions of subsequent XO-derived superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical, have been suggested to be critical factors in several mechanisms of tissue pathophysiology. Superoxides 117-127 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 38-41 1988135-1 1991 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a member of a family of metalloenzymes that catalyze the dismutation of the superoxide anion to H2O2. Superoxides 118-134 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-30 1988135-1 1991 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a member of a family of metalloenzymes that catalyze the dismutation of the superoxide anion to H2O2. Superoxides 118-134 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 1847199-2 1991 The established method of cytochrome C reduction by superoxide was modified to measure superoxide production in vascular rings from rabbit aortae. Superoxides 52-62 cytochrome c Oryctolagus cuniculus 26-38 29856862-6 2018 ZmPIP1;1 overexpression plants showed higher activities of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes such as catalase and superoxide dismutase, lower contents of stress-induced ROS such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde, and higher levels of proline under drought and salt stress than did wild type. Superoxides 129-139 aquaporin PIP1-1 Zea mays 0-8 1847199-2 1991 The established method of cytochrome C reduction by superoxide was modified to measure superoxide production in vascular rings from rabbit aortae. Superoxides 87-97 cytochrome c Oryctolagus cuniculus 26-38 1899285-2 1991 In eucaryotes, the cytoplasmic form of the enzyme is a 32-kDa dimer containing two copper and two zinc atoms (CuZn SOD) that catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anion (O2-) to H2O2 and O2. Superoxides 158-174 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 110-118 1906238-1 1991 The effect of aurothiomalate in modulating the conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to its superoxide producing oxidase form in rat and human liver cytosolic preparations has been investigated. Superoxides 91-101 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 61-83 1726322-6 1991 NaNp inhibited in a dose-dependent manner the release of histamine evoked by compound 48/80 (0.5 microgram/ml), but not by the O2.--generating system (xanthine-xanthine oxidase), suggesting a bidirectional regulation of histamine release afforded by O2.- and NO. Superoxides 250-252 sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 11 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 2173718-4 1990 Because cytochrome P-450 enzymes are an important pulmonary source of superoxide anion (O2-.) Superoxides 70-86 cytochrome P-450 Oryctolagus cuniculus 8-24 2173718-4 1990 Because cytochrome P-450 enzymes are an important pulmonary source of superoxide anion (O2-.) Superoxides 88-90 cytochrome P-450 Oryctolagus cuniculus 8-24 2177563-0 1990 Potential roles of Mg2+ and Ca2+ in NADPH oxidase dependent superoxide anion synthesis by human neutrophils. Superoxides 60-76 mucin 7, secreted Homo sapiens 19-22 2170521-7 1990 MBP also stimulated release of superoxide anion (O2-) and lysozyme but not beta-glucuronidase or lactate dehydrogenase. Superoxides 31-47 myelin basic protein Homo sapiens 0-3 2170521-7 1990 MBP also stimulated release of superoxide anion (O2-) and lysozyme but not beta-glucuronidase or lactate dehydrogenase. Superoxides 49-51 myelin basic protein Homo sapiens 0-3 2170521-8 1990 Additionally, 1.5 microM MBP in combination with FMLP or platelet-activating factor stimulated a synergistic increase in O2- release from cytochalasin B-treated neutrophils. Superoxides 121-123 myelin basic protein Homo sapiens 25-28 2170521-9 1990 The degree of synergism with FMLP or platelet-activating factor was inversely related (p less than 0.005) to the level of MBP-induced O2- release. Superoxides 134-136 myelin basic protein Homo sapiens 122-125 2173592-0 1990 Catalysis of nitrofuran redox-cycling and superoxide anion production by heart lipoamide dehydrogenase. Superoxides 42-58 dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 79-102 2174293-3 1990 The production of superoxide was measured by the superoxide dismutase inhibitable reduction of cytochrome c. Superoxides 18-28 LOC104968582 Bos taurus 95-107 29274570-10 2018 These findings identify an essential role for GRX2 in regulating O2 -/H2O2 release from mitochondria in liver and cardiac tissue. Superoxides 65-67 glutaredoxin 2 (thioltransferase) Mus musculus 46-50 1973035-0 1990 The CD11c antigen couples concanavalin A binding to generation of superoxide anion in human phagocytes. Superoxides 66-82 integrin subunit alpha X Homo sapiens 4-9 2111736-7 1990 Both, "spontaneous" and zymosan stimulated CL-Lum responses were inhibited by 100 microM azide and by 0.8 microM superoxide dismutase, suggesting the involvement of hemoproteins and superoxide anion in the measured responses. Superoxides 182-198 lumican Mus musculus 46-49 1692808-5 1990 However, cells in medium with rG-CSF or LPS maintained the ability to generate O2- well or moderately, respectively. Superoxides 79-81 colony stimulating factor 3 Rattus norvegicus 30-36 2112250-2 1990 The enzyme copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD; superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) performs a protective function by scavenging superoxide radicals. Superoxides 23-33 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 45-54 29274570-11 2018 Our results demonstrate that the GRX2-mediated regulation of O2 -/H2O2 release through the S-glutathionylation of mitochondrial proteins may play an integral role in controlling cellular ROS signaling. Superoxides 61-63 glutaredoxin 2 (thioltransferase) Mus musculus 33-37 29191460-5 2018 (iii) The hE1a forms the ThDP-enamine radical from OA according to electron paramagnetic resonance detection in the oxidative half reaction, and could produce superoxide and H2O2 from decarboxylation of OA in the forward physiological direction, as also seen with the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase hE1o component. Superoxides 159-169 small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 73A Homo sapiens 10-13 29175946-6 2018 Moreover, scavenging superoxide or peroxynitrite by selective gp91phox assembly inhibitor gp91ds-tat or ONOO- scavenger EUK134 markedly ameliorated MI/R injury, as shown by reduced myocardial oxidative/nitrative stress, alleviated myocardial infarction, hindered cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and improved cardiac function in aortic-banded mice. Superoxides 21-31 paired Ig-like receptor B Mus musculus 62-66 29183727-1 2018 The membrane bound cytochrome b558 composed of gp91-phox and p22-phox proteins, and cytosolic proteins p40-, p47-and p67-phox are important components of superoxide (O2-)-generating system in phagocytes. Superoxides 154-164 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 61-64 29183727-1 2018 The membrane bound cytochrome b558 composed of gp91-phox and p22-phox proteins, and cytosolic proteins p40-, p47-and p67-phox are important components of superoxide (O2-)-generating system in phagocytes. Superoxides 154-164 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 109-112 29183727-1 2018 The membrane bound cytochrome b558 composed of gp91-phox and p22-phox proteins, and cytosolic proteins p40-, p47-and p67-phox are important components of superoxide (O2-)-generating system in phagocytes. Superoxides 166-168 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 61-64 29183727-1 2018 The membrane bound cytochrome b558 composed of gp91-phox and p22-phox proteins, and cytosolic proteins p40-, p47-and p67-phox are important components of superoxide (O2-)-generating system in phagocytes. Superoxides 166-168 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 109-112 29209893-8 2018 The superoxide anion ( O2-) scavenging ability of SOD-CLP-ELP was 1.5 times that of SOD, and the catalytic efficiency of DAAO-CLP-ELP was 1.7 times that of DAAO. Superoxides 23-25 nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1 Homo sapiens 58-61 29209893-8 2018 The superoxide anion ( O2-) scavenging ability of SOD-CLP-ELP was 1.5 times that of SOD, and the catalytic efficiency of DAAO-CLP-ELP was 1.7 times that of DAAO. Superoxides 23-25 D-amino acid oxidase Homo sapiens 121-125 29209893-8 2018 The superoxide anion ( O2-) scavenging ability of SOD-CLP-ELP was 1.5 times that of SOD, and the catalytic efficiency of DAAO-CLP-ELP was 1.7 times that of DAAO. Superoxides 23-25 nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1 Homo sapiens 130-133 31938112-7 2018 After 48 hours Sev-N2O anesthesia, the neuronal apoptosis and the expression of Bax, PARP-1 in hippocampus of rats increased significantly, and the expression of Nampt, RelB decreased significantly. Superoxides 19-22 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 80-83 31938112-7 2018 After 48 hours Sev-N2O anesthesia, the neuronal apoptosis and the expression of Bax, PARP-1 in hippocampus of rats increased significantly, and the expression of Nampt, RelB decreased significantly. Superoxides 19-22 poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Rattus norvegicus 85-91 28699129-6 2017 Within changed pathways, three genes were selected for RT-qPCR analyses as key candidates influencing inflammatory responses: CYBA (component of the superoxide-generating Nox2 enzyme), GSK3B (controller of cell responses after toll-like receptor stimulation), and EIF4E (a key factor of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex that regulates abundance of other proteins involved in immune functions). Superoxides 149-159 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 126-130 28869535-10 2017 Scavenging of mitochondrial superoxide attenuated mitochondrial DNA damage and preserved the mitochondrial respiration, in addition to suppression of the expression of p53 and preservation of the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) in ischemic skeletal muscles with aging. Superoxides 28-38 transformation related protein 53, pseudogene Mus musculus 168-171 2112250-2 1990 The enzyme copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD; superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) performs a protective function by scavenging superoxide radicals. Superoxides 56-66 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 11-43 2112250-2 1990 The enzyme copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn SOD; superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) performs a protective function by scavenging superoxide radicals. Superoxides 56-66 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 45-54 2185986-5 1990 Furthermore, a combination of an intact CD11a and CD18 antibody does induce a rise in intracellular calcium and production of superoxide. Superoxides 126-136 integrin subunit alpha L Homo sapiens 40-45 2133288-8 1990 Thus, the enhancing effect of PAF on IL-1 release appears to be due to the production of lipoxygenase metabolites, leading to superoxide production and alterations of cAMP levels. Superoxides 126-136 interleukin 1 complex Mus musculus 37-41 33761612-4 2021 Previously, we have observed that the plasma concentration/activity of superoxide dismutase isozymes differs in the context of obesity and/or rs2234694 (SOD1) and rs4880 (SOD2) and that the concentrations of SOD1, SOD2, SOD3 are correlated with each other. Superoxides 71-81 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 171-175 33761612-4 2021 Previously, we have observed that the plasma concentration/activity of superoxide dismutase isozymes differs in the context of obesity and/or rs2234694 (SOD1) and rs4880 (SOD2) and that the concentrations of SOD1, SOD2, SOD3 are correlated with each other. Superoxides 71-81 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 214-218 33761612-6 2021 In this study, the variability of concentration/activity of superoxide dismutase isozymes in plasma is considered in the context of type 2 diabetes and/or SNPs: rs2234694 (SOD1), rs5746105 (SOD2), rs4880 (SOD2), rs927450 (SOD2), rs8192287 (SOD3). Superoxides 60-70 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 190-194 33761612-6 2021 In this study, the variability of concentration/activity of superoxide dismutase isozymes in plasma is considered in the context of type 2 diabetes and/or SNPs: rs2234694 (SOD1), rs5746105 (SOD2), rs4880 (SOD2), rs927450 (SOD2), rs8192287 (SOD3). Superoxides 60-70 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 205-209 33761612-6 2021 In this study, the variability of concentration/activity of superoxide dismutase isozymes in plasma is considered in the context of type 2 diabetes and/or SNPs: rs2234694 (SOD1), rs5746105 (SOD2), rs4880 (SOD2), rs927450 (SOD2), rs8192287 (SOD3). Superoxides 60-70 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 205-209 33803113-6 2021 HP exposure or visfatin stimulus significantly induced apoptosis, superoxide anion production, and MMP-3, -13, antioxidant enzymes, and miRNA gene expression, while reducing Col2a1 and BCL2 mRNA. Superoxides 66-82 nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase Homo sapiens 15-23 33233182-4 2020 Moreover, the relative expression of critical genes including superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase involved in the metabolism of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increased, resulting in enhanced antioxidant capacity in wounded broccoli. Superoxides 62-72 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 133-154 32797709-7 2020 MiR-134-5p downregulation could inhibit H/R-mediated release of lactic dehydrogenase enzyme (LDH) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and promote superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) levels. Superoxides 137-147 microRNA 134 Homo sapiens 0-7 34930834-7 2021 In control smooth-muscle cells and cells with siRNA-mediated Cygb knockdown subjected to extracellular superoxide stress from xanthine/xanthine oxidase or intracellular superoxide stress triggered by the uncoupler, menadione, Cygb had a prominent role in superoxide metabolism and protected against superoxide-mediated death. Superoxides 169-179 cytoglobin Mus musculus 226-230 28859297-8 2017 Medin decreased arteriole and endothelial cell nitric oxide production, increased superoxide production, reduced endothelial cell viability, proliferation, and migration. Superoxides 82-92 milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing Homo sapiens 0-5 34930834-7 2021 In control smooth-muscle cells and cells with siRNA-mediated Cygb knockdown subjected to extracellular superoxide stress from xanthine/xanthine oxidase or intracellular superoxide stress triggered by the uncoupler, menadione, Cygb had a prominent role in superoxide metabolism and protected against superoxide-mediated death. Superoxides 255-265 cytoglobin Mus musculus 226-230 34930834-7 2021 In control smooth-muscle cells and cells with siRNA-mediated Cygb knockdown subjected to extracellular superoxide stress from xanthine/xanthine oxidase or intracellular superoxide stress triggered by the uncoupler, menadione, Cygb had a prominent role in superoxide metabolism and protected against superoxide-mediated death. Superoxides 299-309 cytoglobin Mus musculus 226-230 34930834-8 2021 Similar experiments in vessels showed higher levels of superoxide in Cygb -/- mice than wild type. Superoxides 55-65 cytoglobin Mus musculus 69-73 34930834-9 2021 Thus, Cygb has potent SOD function and can rapidly dismutate superoxide in cells, conferring protection against oxidant injury. Superoxides 61-71 cytoglobin Mus musculus 6-10 34930834-10 2021 In view of its ubiquitous cellular expression at micromolar concentrations in smooth-muscle and other cells, Cygb can play an important role in cellular superoxide metabolism. Superoxides 153-163 cytoglobin Mus musculus 109-113 28515091-5 2017 Specifically, as compared with wild-type (WT) mice, there was a marked increase of superoxide generation (>twofold, P < .0005) in NeuACE neutrophils following infection, whereas ACE knockout neutrophils decreased superoxide production. Superoxides 83-93 angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 1 Mus musculus 139-142 34958669-1 2022 Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide in mitochondria limiting mitochondrial damage. Superoxides 59-69 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-22 28238401-10 2017 Expression of p47phox, a regulatory subunit of the superoxide producing Nox2, was downregulated, and the expression of NOS which produces nitric oxide (NO) was possibly inhibited by feedback loop mechanisms in HEMA-exposed cultures. Superoxides 51-61 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 14-21 34958669-1 2022 Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide in mitochondria limiting mitochondrial damage. Superoxides 59-69 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 24-28 28063347-1 2017 Mycobacterium tuberculosis has distinctive ability to detoxify various microbicidal superoxides and hydroperoxides via a redox catalytic cycle involving thiol reductants of peroxiredoxin (Prx) and thioredoxin (Trx) systems which has conferred on it resistance against oxidative killing and survivability within host. Superoxides 84-95 peroxiredoxin Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv 173-186 34943113-5 2021 While compound C (AMPK inhibitor) and mdivi-1 (mitophagy inhibitor) significantly reduced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in H2O2 treated cells. Superoxides 106-116 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 18-22 28063347-1 2017 Mycobacterium tuberculosis has distinctive ability to detoxify various microbicidal superoxides and hydroperoxides via a redox catalytic cycle involving thiol reductants of peroxiredoxin (Prx) and thioredoxin (Trx) systems which has conferred on it resistance against oxidative killing and survivability within host. Superoxides 84-95 peroxiredoxin Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv 188-191 28446034-3 2017 In this study, we found that the SDS-resistant irreversible dimer of DJ-1 protein was formed in human dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells when the cells were exposed to massive superoxide inducers such as paraquat and diquat. Superoxides 182-192 Parkinsonism associated deglycase Homo sapiens 69-73 28250190-4 2017 Superoxide anion production and translocation of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (NRF2) and nuclear transcription factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) subunit p65 to the nucleus and the activation of their target genes were quantified.Results: Pretreatment of HUVECs with 1,25(OH)2D3 prevented the leptin-induced increase in superoxide anion production (P < 0.05). Superoxides 0-16 leptin Homo sapiens 299-305 34925811-7 2021 In ISO-induced myocardial infarction, the J-point, heart rate, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, malondialdehyde, glutathion, and reactive oxygen species decreased in mice after 18beta-GA treatment. Superoxides 103-113 olfactory receptor family 2 subfamily F member 1B Mus musculus 216-222 34639006-7 2021 Using gene co-expression and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses, we identified complex I subunits NDUFS6 and NDUFA11 as RORalpha targets that mediated its function in suppressing superoxide generation in mitochondria. Superoxides 190-200 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase subunit A11 Homo sapiens 120-127 34454164-0 2021 NOX2-derived superoxide radical is crucial to control acute Trypanosoma cruzi infection. Superoxides 13-31 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 0-4 34454164-6 2021 Macrophages derived from Nox2-deficient (gp91phox-/-) mice produced marginal amounts of superoxide radical and were more susceptible to parasite infection than those derived from wild type (wt) animals. Superoxides 88-98 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 25-29 34454164-6 2021 Macrophages derived from Nox2-deficient (gp91phox-/-) mice produced marginal amounts of superoxide radical and were more susceptible to parasite infection than those derived from wild type (wt) animals. Superoxides 88-98 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 41-49 34454164-8 2021 Biochemical or genetic reconstitution of intraphagosomal superoxide radical formation in gp91phox-/- macrophages reverted the lack of control of infection. Superoxides 57-67 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 89-97 34454164-12 2021 Thus, this work supports that Nox2-derived superoxide radical plays a crucial role to control T. cruzi infection in the early phase of a murine model of Chagas disease. Superoxides 43-61 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 30-34 34660640-5 2021 We demonstrated that the overexpression of SMPDL3b in cultured podocytes (OE) reduced superoxide anion generation and NADPH oxidase activity compared to wild-type cells (WT) post-irradiation. Superoxides 86-102 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase acid like 3B Homo sapiens 43-50 28480026-10 2017 Additional studies revealed that exercise training rendered eNOS less coupled and increased NOS-dependent superoxide levels in beta3-AR KO mice. Superoxides 106-116 adrenergic receptor, beta 3 Mus musculus 127-135 28104455-6 2017 Knockdown of GTPCH by >90% led to marked loss of cellular BH4 and a striking induction of O2- generation in the mitochondria of murine endothelial cells. Superoxides 93-95 GTP cyclohydrolase 1 Mus musculus 13-18 28025796-9 2017 Exogenous IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-1beta enhanced superoxide, ROS, and XO in the PMNs of control and MB+PQ-treated rats; however, IFN- gamma was found to be the most potent inducer. Superoxides 54-64 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 10-19 27757734-11 2017 Furthermore, CRT inhibition significantly blunted APN"s anti-oxidative action (evidenced by gp91phox expression and superoxide generation). Superoxides 116-126 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Mus musculus 50-53 29069652-9 2017 Higher Wnt3a and beta-catenin mRNA and protein expressions and c-myc and cyclinD1 mRNA expressions, enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) contents, decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and elevated mitochondrial membrane potential ( psim) were found in the 10 and 15 micromol/L Cur groups compared with the 6-OHDA group. Superoxides 109-119 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 17-29 34573126-9 2021 By contrast, PEX7 mutation caused changes in Cd-induced hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2 -) levels in the roots, delaying ROS-scavenging. Superoxides 85-101 peroxin 7 Arabidopsis thaliana 13-17 28511187-6 2017 We found that Epo protects Ast from H2O2 injury (p < 0.05) and increases secreted nitric oxide levels in these cells (p < 0.05) while suppressing intracellular reactive oxygen species (p < 0.05) and superoxide ion (p < 0.05) levels only in Mg. Superoxides 208-218 erythropoietin Mus musculus 14-17 28616625-5 2017 A major mechanism associated with the impairment of endothelial function with eNOS deficiency and a high fat diet appears to be related to increases in plasma IL-6 that serves to further reduce the bioavailability of NO either directly or indirectly via reductions in eNOS expression or activity and via increases in vascular superoxide. Superoxides 326-336 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 78-82 27565711-9 2016 Silencing of PiT-1/2 prevented Pi-induced superoxide generation and mPT, and restored insulin secretion. Superoxides 42-52 solute carrier family 20 member 1 Rattus norvegicus 13-18 27932980-5 2016 TNF-alpha markedly stimulated NADPH oxidase activation and ROS including superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production which were inhibited by pretreatment with a TNFR1 neutralizing antibody, APO, DPI or transfection with siRNA of TRAF2, ASK1, or p47 phox . Superoxides 73-83 TNF receptor superfamily member 1A Homo sapiens 161-166 34572594-9 2021 A strong association of Fg with neuronal PrPC and ICAM-1, accompanied with overexpression of IL-6 and enhanced generation of ROS, mitochondrial superoxide, and nitrite as well as the resulting neuronal death, was found. Superoxides 144-154 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Mus musculus 50-56 27422818-4 2016 Here we describe a novel FPR2 agonist, the proteolytically stable alpha-peptide/beta-peptoid hybrid Lau-((S)-Aoc)-(Lys-betaNphe)6-NH2 (F2M2), showing comparable potency in activating human and mouse neutrophils by inducing a rise in intracellular Ca(2+) concentration and assembly of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 288-298 formyl peptide receptor 2 Homo sapiens 25-29 27624556-6 2016 Echocardiography revealed that ALDH-2(-/-)/gp91(phox-/-) mice were protected from ACA-overload-induced HF after 5 weeks of 2% EtOH-diet, demonstrating that NOX2-derived O2( -) contributes to the development of ACM. Superoxides 169-171 aldehyde dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 31-37 27624556-6 2016 Echocardiography revealed that ALDH-2(-/-)/gp91(phox-/-) mice were protected from ACA-overload-induced HF after 5 weeks of 2% EtOH-diet, demonstrating that NOX2-derived O2( -) contributes to the development of ACM. Superoxides 169-171 paired Ig-like receptor B Mus musculus 43-47 27624556-6 2016 Echocardiography revealed that ALDH-2(-/-)/gp91(phox-/-) mice were protected from ACA-overload-induced HF after 5 weeks of 2% EtOH-diet, demonstrating that NOX2-derived O2( -) contributes to the development of ACM. Superoxides 169-171 paired Ig-like receptor B Mus musculus 48-52 27391159-3 2016 As reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to promote cancer cell invasion, we investigated on the hypothesis that gelsolin-induced changes in ROS levels may mediate the invasive capacity of colon cancer cells.Herein, we show that increased gelsolin enhances the invasive capacity of colon cancer cells, and this is mediated via gelsolin"s effects in elevating intracellular superoxide (O2.-) levels. Superoxides 381-391 gelsolin Homo sapiens 247-255 27391159-3 2016 As reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to promote cancer cell invasion, we investigated on the hypothesis that gelsolin-induced changes in ROS levels may mediate the invasive capacity of colon cancer cells.Herein, we show that increased gelsolin enhances the invasive capacity of colon cancer cells, and this is mediated via gelsolin"s effects in elevating intracellular superoxide (O2.-) levels. Superoxides 393-395 gelsolin Homo sapiens 121-129 34572594-10 2021 These effects were reduced by blocking the function of neuronal PrPC and ICAM-1, suggesting that the direct interaction of Fg with its neuronal receptors can induce overexpression of IL-6 and increase the generation of ROS, nitrite, and mitochondrial superoxide, ultimately leading to neuronal death. Superoxides 251-261 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Mus musculus 73-79 27391159-3 2016 As reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to promote cancer cell invasion, we investigated on the hypothesis that gelsolin-induced changes in ROS levels may mediate the invasive capacity of colon cancer cells.Herein, we show that increased gelsolin enhances the invasive capacity of colon cancer cells, and this is mediated via gelsolin"s effects in elevating intracellular superoxide (O2.-) levels. Superoxides 393-395 gelsolin Homo sapiens 247-255 27391159-3 2016 As reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to promote cancer cell invasion, we investigated on the hypothesis that gelsolin-induced changes in ROS levels may mediate the invasive capacity of colon cancer cells.Herein, we show that increased gelsolin enhances the invasive capacity of colon cancer cells, and this is mediated via gelsolin"s effects in elevating intracellular superoxide (O2.-) levels. Superoxides 393-395 gelsolin Homo sapiens 247-255 34733484-6 2021 FA administration caused significant hematotoxicity represented by elevated white blood cell numbers and serum malondialdehyde levels and reduced red blood cell numbers, platelets, and serum superoxide dismutase values. Superoxides 191-201 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Rattus norvegicus 0-2 27391159-4 2016 We also provide evidence for a novel physical interaction between gelsolin and Cu/ZnSOD, that inhibits the enzymatic activity of Cu/ZnSOD, thereby resulting in a sustained elevation of intracellular O2.-. Superoxides 199-201 gelsolin Homo sapiens 66-74 27391159-6 2016 Consistent with the in vivo evidence, we show that increased levels of O2.- induced by gelsolin overexpression triggers the secretion of uPA. Superoxides 71-73 gelsolin Homo sapiens 87-95 27391159-7 2016 We further observed reduction in invasion and intracellular O2.- levels in colon cancer cells, as a consequence of gelsolin knockdown using two different siRNAs. Superoxides 60-62 gelsolin Homo sapiens 115-123 27391159-8 2016 In these cells, concurrent repression of Cu/ZnSOD restored intracellular O2.- levels and rescued invasive capacity.Our study therefore identified gelsolin as a novel regulator of intracellular O2.- in cancer cells via interacting with Cu/ZnSOD and inhibiting its enzymatic activity. Superoxides 73-75 gelsolin Homo sapiens 146-154 34267821-5 2021 AGEs significantly increased NADPH oxidase-driven superoxide generation, cytochrome b-245 beta chain (gp91phox) and receptor for AGE (RAGE) mRNA expression, proliferation, mRNA and protein expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 mRNA expression in MCF-7 cells, all of which were dose-dependently inhibited by PEDF. Superoxides 50-60 serpin family F member 1 Homo sapiens 370-374 26467818-1 2016 Superoxide production is modulated by the C242T polymorphism of the CYBA gene. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 68-72 34267821-7 2021 Furthermore, as in AGE-treated cells, PEDF dose-dependently inhibited the NADPH oxidase-driven superoxide generation, gp91phox, RAGE and MMP-9 mRNA expression, proliferation, mRNA and protein expression levels of VEGF in non-treated control MCF-7 cells, and these effects were also reversed by LR-Ab. Superoxides 95-105 serpin family F member 1 Homo sapiens 38-42 34356378-4 2021 Moreover, GLP-1 exhibited stronger antioxidant activities than GLP-2 in five different assays: 2,2"-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion radical, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC). Superoxides 175-199 glucagon Mus musculus 10-15 27486403-11 2016 Cell based experiments reveal that rabbit Nox5 was robustly expressed and produced superoxide at rest and in a calcium and PMA-dependent manner that was susceptible to superoxide dismutase and the flavoprotein inhibitor, DPI. Superoxides 83-93 NADPH oxidase 5 Oryctolagus cuniculus 42-46 27106041-6 2016 In relation to mechanisms, effects of Ang II in SOCS3(+/-) mice were prevented by inhibitors of STAT3, IL-6, NF-kappaB, or superoxide. Superoxides 123-133 suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 Mus musculus 48-53 27071400-11 2016 Abrogation of this feedback regulation by simultaneous knockdown of C/EBP-beta and Sirt3 exacerbated mitochondrial superoxide accumulation and culminated into endothelial cell death upon prolonged culture. Superoxides 115-125 CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP), beta Mus musculus 68-78 27071400-11 2016 Abrogation of this feedback regulation by simultaneous knockdown of C/EBP-beta and Sirt3 exacerbated mitochondrial superoxide accumulation and culminated into endothelial cell death upon prolonged culture. Superoxides 115-125 sirtuin 3 Mus musculus 83-88 26896748-5 2016 2,3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (DMNQ), a superoxide generating agent, mimicked high glucose-suppressed SIRT2 and SIRT6 expression. Superoxides 43-53 sirtuin 2 Mus musculus 105-110 27018067-6 2016 In addition, the increased production of ROS such as superoxide and hydroxyl radical by PM exposure increases MMPs including MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9, resulting in the degradation of collagen. Superoxides 53-63 matrix metallopeptidase 1 Homo sapiens 110-114 27018067-6 2016 In addition, the increased production of ROS such as superoxide and hydroxyl radical by PM exposure increases MMPs including MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9, resulting in the degradation of collagen. Superoxides 53-63 matrix metallopeptidase 1 Homo sapiens 125-130 26769958-9 2016 The superoxide anion scavenger increased IGF-1, IGF-1R, p-PI3k, p-Akt, p-Bad, Bcl-2, and Bcl-xL (survival pathway). Superoxides 4-20 insulin-like growth factor 1 Rattus norvegicus 41-46 26769958-10 2016 Our findings imply that the superoxide anion scavenger might prevent cardiac Fas-mediated and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis and enhance the IGF-1-related survival pathway in chronic intermittent hypoxia. Superoxides 28-44 insulin-like growth factor 1 Rattus norvegicus 143-148 26945724-8 2016 Furthermore, NADPH oxidase inhibitors (diphenyleneiodonium and apocynin) and a superoxide scavenger (Tiron) each inhibited PEITC-induced HO-1 upregulation. Superoxides 79-89 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 137-141 26980705-4 2016 HFD significantly enhanced the Asm activity, ceramide production, colocalization of Nlrp3 (Nod-like receptor protein 3) with ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein) or Caspase-1, NADPH-dependent superoxide (O2( -)) production in glomeruli of Asm(+/+) mice than in control diet-fed mice. Superoxides 201-211 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 84-89 26980705-4 2016 HFD significantly enhanced the Asm activity, ceramide production, colocalization of Nlrp3 (Nod-like receptor protein 3) with ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein) or Caspase-1, NADPH-dependent superoxide (O2( -)) production in glomeruli of Asm(+/+) mice than in control diet-fed mice. Superoxides 213-215 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 84-89 26980705-5 2016 However, such HFD-induced increases in Asm activity, ceramide production, colocalization of Nlrp3 with ASC or Caspase-1, superoxide (O(2 -)) production was attenuated in Asm(-/-) or Asm shRNA-transfected wild-type mice. Superoxides 121-131 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 92-97 26992258-0 2016 Curcumin Rescues Diabetic Renal Fibrosis by Targeting Superoxide-Mediated Wnt Signaling Pathways. Superoxides 54-64 Wnt family member 2 Rattus norvegicus 74-77 26992258-2 2016 Wnt5a/beta-catenin depression and induction of superoxide synthesis are associated with high glucose (HG) induced transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and fibronectin expression in mesangial cells. Superoxides 47-57 fibronectin 1 Rattus norvegicus 157-168 26768586-7 2016 Over-expression of NOX4 or p66(shc) suppressed the inhibitory effects of GB on superoxide generation and the protective effects of GB on loss of cell viability and apoptosis associated with cisplatin. Superoxides 79-89 DNA polymerase delta 3, accessory subunit Homo sapiens 27-30 26708453-2 2016 The protein encoded by DHTKD1 has sequence and structural similarities to 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, and the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex can produce superoxide/H2O2 at high rates. Superoxides 161-171 dehydrogenase E1 and transketolase domain containing 1 Homo sapiens 23-29 26621818-4 2016 Using an in vitro model of GAS-infected keratinocytes, we show that the major ROS produced is the superoxide anion ([Formula: see text]), and that its production is time- and dose-dependent. Superoxides 98-114 gastrin Homo sapiens 27-30 26621818-6 2016 Superoxide anion production leads to keratinocyte necrosis but incomplete inhibition of GAS growth, suggesting that GAS may be partially resistant to the oxidative burst. Superoxides 0-16 gastrin Homo sapiens 116-119 26408145-8 2016 On the other hand, overexpression of SlSOBIR1 significantly increased the expression of selected defense genes (PR-1a and PR-6) and exacerbated superoxide production in wounded leaves. Superoxides 144-154 leucine-rich repeat receptor-like serine/threonine/tyrosine-protein kinase SOBIR1 Solanum lycopersicum 37-45 34356358-0 2021 Quercetin Alleviates the Accumulation of Superoxide in Sodium Iodate-Induced Retinal Autophagy by Regulating Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis through Enhanced Deacetyl-SOD2 via the Nrf2-PGC-1alpha-Sirt1 Pathway. Superoxides 41-51 peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha Mus musculus 203-213 34164520-14 2021 We detected that NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1), a superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase, is negatively regulated by Fbxw7. Superoxides 43-53 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 17-32 34164520-14 2021 We detected that NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1), a superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase, is negatively regulated by Fbxw7. Superoxides 43-53 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 34-38 35358850-6 2022 The activation of the superoxide anion-generating enzyme NADPH oxidase 1 is responsible for the oxidative stress that leads to the disruption of barrier function in human endothelial cells in vitro. Superoxides 22-38 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 57-72 26627442-6 2016 Cytochrome b light chain (CYBA), encoded by a polymorphic gene, which is a critical component of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)/NADPH oxidase system and plays an important role in electron transport and superoxide anion production, is located on chromosome band 16q24 and has six exons spanning almost 7.76 kb of genomic DNA. Superoxides 217-233 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 0-24 26627442-6 2016 Cytochrome b light chain (CYBA), encoded by a polymorphic gene, which is a critical component of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)/NADPH oxidase system and plays an important role in electron transport and superoxide anion production, is located on chromosome band 16q24 and has six exons spanning almost 7.76 kb of genomic DNA. Superoxides 217-233 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 26-30 26658871-6 2015 We discovered that AS mice have increased levels of superoxide in area CA1 of the hippocampus that is reduced by MitoQ 10-methanesuflonate (MitoQ), a mitochondria-specific antioxidant. Superoxides 52-62 carbonic anhydrase 1 Mus musculus 71-74 26640170-6 2015 Mechanistic analysis in cultured pulmonary epithelial cells (A549) suggests that STC1 inhibits thrombin-induced and PAR1-mediated ERK activation through suppression of superoxide. Superoxides 168-178 coagulation factor II (thrombin) receptor Mus musculus 116-120 26269022-3 2015 Our laboratory recently demonstrated that superoxide-deficient nonobese diabetic (NOD.Ncf1(m1J)) mice exhibited a delay in type 1 diabetes (T1D) partially due to blunted IFN-gamma synthesis by CD4 T cells. Superoxides 42-52 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 86-90 35625933-7 2022 Moreover, UVC/SK2 caused higher oxidative stress in oral cancer cells than normal cells through the examination of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial superoxide, and mitochondrial membrane potential. Superoxides 154-164 sphingosine kinase 2 Homo sapiens 14-17 35624792-1 2022 The superoxide dismutase (SOD) family functions as a reactive oxygen species (ROS)-scavenging system by converting superoxide anions into hydrogen peroxide in the cytosol (SOD1), mitochondria (SOD2), and extracellular matrix (SOD3). Superoxides 115-132 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 193-197 35063804-5 2022 Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) treatment rescues NADPH levels in Nampt mKO macrophages and sustains superoxide generation via NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 103-113 2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 1, mitochondrial Mus musculus 129-134 35327223-6 2022 Pretreatment with CYP was able to improve cell viability, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and reduce intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and malondialdehyde (MDA) content after H2O2 injury. Superoxides 58-68 cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 23-polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 18-21 35063507-8 2022 After separating the two CD177/mPR3 neutrophil subsets from individual donors by magnetic sorting, we found that PR3-ANCAs provoked significantly more superoxide production in CD177pos/mPR3high than in CD177neg/mPR3low neutrophils, and that anti-CD177 Fab clone 40 reduced the superoxide production of CD177pos cells to the level of the CD177neg cells. Superoxides 151-161 proteinase 3 Homo sapiens 113-116 26506135-0 2015 GRK2 compromises cardiomyocyte mitochondrial function by diminishing fatty acid-mediated oxygen consumption and increasing superoxide levels. Superoxides 123-133 G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 Mus musculus 0-4 26506135-5 2015 Overexpression of GRK2 in mouse cardiomyocytes resulted in an increased amount of mitochondrial-based superoxide. Superoxides 102-112 G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 Mus musculus 18-22 26506135-8 2015 Our study shows that independent of cardiac injury, GRK2 is localized in the mitochondria and its kinase activity negatively impacts the function of this organelle by increasing superoxide levels and altering substrate utilization for energy production. Superoxides 178-188 G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 Mus musculus 52-56 26660551-7 2015 Vascular superoxide levels as well as plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) were selectively increased in HFD-fed eNOS(+/-) mice. Superoxides 9-19 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 144-148 26660551-11 2015 The impairment produced by a HFD in eNOS(+/-) mice appears to be mediated by IL-6-induced increases in vascular superoxide. Superoxides 112-122 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 36-40 26177467-9 2015 Silencing of the superoxide-generating NOX2 NADPH oxidase expressed in breast cancer cells resulted in the significant reduction of IKKepsilon expression. Superoxides 17-27 inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit epsilon Homo sapiens 132-142 35063507-8 2022 After separating the two CD177/mPR3 neutrophil subsets from individual donors by magnetic sorting, we found that PR3-ANCAs provoked significantly more superoxide production in CD177pos/mPR3high than in CD177neg/mPR3low neutrophils, and that anti-CD177 Fab clone 40 reduced the superoxide production of CD177pos cells to the level of the CD177neg cells. Superoxides 277-287 proteinase 3 Homo sapiens 113-116 35274104-2 2022 Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) is a mitochondrial-localized enzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 100-110 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-22 35274104-2 2022 Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) is a mitochondrial-localized enzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide to hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 100-110 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 24-28 35075692-0 2022 TREM-1 is required for enhanced OpZ-induced superoxide generation following priming. Superoxides 44-54 triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 Mus musculus 0-6 26436984-7 2015 In the presence of TAC, scavenging of reactive oxygen species with N-acetylcysteine reduced eNOS S-glutathionylation, eNOS monomer and NOS-dependent superoxide levels in eNOS-Tg mice to wildtype levels. Superoxides 149-159 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 92-96 26436984-9 2015 In conclusion, independent of the severity of TAC, eNOS aggravates cardiac remodeling and dysfunction, which appears due to TAC-induced eNOS uncoupling and superoxide production. Superoxides 156-166 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 51-55 26186740-10 2015 Diabetes-induced superoxide anion production was significantly elevated in wild-type mice, but diminished in A-FABP knockout mice, and this elevation contributed to the exaggeration of MI/R-induced cardiac injury. Superoxides 17-33 fatty acid binding protein 4, adipocyte Mus musculus 109-115 26223840-12 2015 Mechanistic studies revealed that both the SP receptor neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) and the superoxide-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase (NOX2) were necessary for SP-mediated chemotaxis in microglia. Superoxides 92-102 tachykinin 1 Mus musculus 160-162 26225842-10 2015 Irisin reduced the diabetes-induced oxidative/nitrative stresses evidenced by reducing overproduction of superoxide and peroxynitrite, and down-regulation of iNOS and gp91(phox). Superoxides 105-115 fibronectin type III domain containing 5 Homo sapiens 0-6 35075692-3 2022 We previously reported that Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) mediates neutrophil effector functions such as increased superoxide generation, transepithelial migration, and chemotaxis. Superoxides 143-153 triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 Mus musculus 28-76 35075692-3 2022 We previously reported that Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) mediates neutrophil effector functions such as increased superoxide generation, transepithelial migration, and chemotaxis. Superoxides 143-153 triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 Mus musculus 78-84 2516241-11 1989 Increased Ca2+ may affect proteases and may help in the conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase, consequently increased production of super oxide radicals. Superoxides 151-171 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 70-92 26214584-2 2015 Under conditions of high glucose, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) functions as a chief source of superoxide rather than NO. Superoxides 106-116 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 34-67 26214584-2 2015 Under conditions of high glucose, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) functions as a chief source of superoxide rather than NO. Superoxides 106-116 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 69-73 26214584-6 2015 More interestingly, despite the overexpression of eNOS, the in-house generated transgenic eNOS-GFP (TgeNOS-GFP)-Ins2(Akita) cross mice showed an unanticipated effect of reduced eNOS phosphorylation and enhanced superoxide production. Superoxides 211-221 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 90-94 26214584-6 2015 More interestingly, despite the overexpression of eNOS, the in-house generated transgenic eNOS-GFP (TgeNOS-GFP)-Ins2(Akita) cross mice showed an unanticipated effect of reduced eNOS phosphorylation and enhanced superoxide production. Superoxides 211-221 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 90-94 25764009-5 2015 Purified mutant eNOS and transfected cells generated less citrulline and NO, respectively, while superoxide generation was enhanced. Superoxides 97-107 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 16-20 25764009-6 2015 In eNOS-KO, introduction of mutant eNOS caused a 2.3-3.7-fold increase in superoxide and peroxynitrite formation in the aorta and myocardium. Superoxides 74-84 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 3-7 25764009-6 2015 In eNOS-KO, introduction of mutant eNOS caused a 2.3-3.7-fold increase in superoxide and peroxynitrite formation in the aorta and myocardium. Superoxides 74-84 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 35-39 26140661-7 2015 Comparable changes in COX-2 mRNA, miR-16 and c-Myc detected in dHUVEC were produced in nHUVEC exposed to transient high glucose and then stimulated with IL-1beta under physiological glucose levels; superoxide anion production was enhanced under these experimental conditions. Superoxides 198-214 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 45-50 26069236-8 2015 Exposure of human thrombomodulin to superoxide in vitro caused oxidation of multiple methionine residues, including critical methionine 388, and a 40% decrease in thrombomodulin-dependent activation of protein C (P<0.05). Superoxides 36-46 thrombomodulin Homo sapiens 18-32 26069236-8 2015 Exposure of human thrombomodulin to superoxide in vitro caused oxidation of multiple methionine residues, including critical methionine 388, and a 40% decrease in thrombomodulin-dependent activation of protein C (P<0.05). Superoxides 36-46 thrombomodulin Homo sapiens 163-177 26267493-6 2015 Addition of the superoxide scavenger 4-hydroxy TEMPO to the culture medium of heat-stressed cells restored mitochondrial superoxide and intracellular ROS levels as well as NOX4 and HO-1 mRNA levels to near-normal values. Superoxides 16-26 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 181-185 26267493-7 2015 We suggest that mitochondrial superoxide production could play an influential role in augmenting oxidative damage to avian muscle cells, possibly via the up-regulation of NOX4 and down-regulation of HO-1 in heat-stressed avian muscle cells. Superoxides 30-40 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 199-203 2549869-3 1989 Physiologically, this reaction occurs at a relatively low rate, because the native form of the enzyme is xanthine dehydrogenase (XD) which produces NADH instead of O2-. Superoxides 164-167 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 105-127 2466895-1 1989 Murine mAb to CD13, CD14, and class II MHC, are able to mobilize calcium in normal human monocytes and enhance superoxide production in primed cells. Superoxides 111-121 alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane Homo sapiens 14-18 25109682-10 2015 In addition, HO-1 inhibition increased the level of superoxide anion production and the consumption of glutathione. Superoxides 52-68 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 13-17 25762354-6 2015 We therefore consider it important to extend these studies to determine how GDPase and UDPase are affected after exposure of cells to oxidants such as menadione, a superoxide (O2 ( -))-generator, and H2O2. Superoxides 164-174 ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 4 Homo sapiens 87-93 2466895-1 1989 Murine mAb to CD13, CD14, and class II MHC, are able to mobilize calcium in normal human monocytes and enhance superoxide production in primed cells. Superoxides 111-121 CD14 molecule Homo sapiens 20-24 25762354-6 2015 We therefore consider it important to extend these studies to determine how GDPase and UDPase are affected after exposure of cells to oxidants such as menadione, a superoxide (O2 ( -))-generator, and H2O2. Superoxides 176-184 ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 4 Homo sapiens 87-93 2538946-4 1989 Superoxide dismutase and catalase attenuated the furazolidone-mediated stimulation of oxygen consumption, indicating that the drug promoted the formation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 157-167 catalase Meleagris gallopavo 25-33 26104799-13 2015 Mitochondrial superoxide production was increased after Cu(II)-Abeta stimulation. Superoxides 14-24 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 63-68 2541080-0 1989 A monoclonal antibody to CD11c antigen inhibits the production of superoxide anion induced by concanavalin A in PMA-differentiated U-937 cells. Superoxides 66-82 integrin subunit alpha X Homo sapiens 25-30 2848319-6 1988 It is proposed that NCF-1, NCF-2, and NCF-3 are essential for generation of O2.- by phagocytic cells and that genetic abnormalities of these cytosol components can result in the CGD phenotype. Superoxides 76-78 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 27-32 6098753-0 1984 Heme degradation with participation of the superoxide radical in the presence of NADH and lipoamide dehydrogenase. Superoxides 43-61 dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 90-113 6327791-4 1984 In contrast, the release of lysosomal beta-glucuronidase from neutrophils stimulated with opsonized zymosan was only inhibited by two flavonoids, quercetin and chalcone, and only at concentrations of 1.5 X 10(-4)M to 2 X 10(-4)M. Quercetin also inhibited the generation of superoxide anion by neutrophils but to a lesser degree than its effect on CL. Superoxides 273-289 glucuronidase beta Homo sapiens 38-56 6327680-2 1984 The presence of cytochrome P-450 in the membranes resulted in 4-8-fold higher rates of O-2, H2O2, and hydroxyl radical production, indicating that the oxycytochrome P-450 complex constitutes the major source for superoxide anions liberated in the system, giving as a consequence hydrogen peroxide and also, subsequently, hydroxyl radicals formed in an iron-catalyzed Haber-Weiss reaction. Superoxides 212-229 cytochrome P-450 Oryctolagus cuniculus 16-32 25928802-6 2015 N-Acetylcysteine reduced the AZA antiproliferative effect in both cell lines, and GST-M1 overexpression increased both superoxide anion production and cytotoxicity, especially in transfected HCEC cells. Superoxides 119-135 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 82-85 25928802-7 2015 In this study, an in vitro model to study thiopurines" metabolism has been set up and helped us to demonstrate, for the first time, a clear role of GST-M1 in modulating AZA cytotoxicity, with a close dependency on superoxide anion production. Superoxides 214-230 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 148-151 6323471-0 1984 The reaction of superoxide radical with catalase. Superoxides 16-34 catalase Bos taurus 40-48 26047104-6 2015 In addition, CAI increased the content of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), decreased the activity, mRNA and protein expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and reduced the production of superoxide anion in calcified aortic tissue. Superoxides 184-200 carbonic anhydrase 1 Rattus norvegicus 13-16 25868872-5 2015 However, our simulation results predict that, when cytochrome c oxidase is inhibited during oxidation of succinate, ROS production at this site is eliminated and almost all superoxide in Complex I is generated by reduced FMN, even when the redox pressure for reverse electron transfer from succinate is strong. Superoxides 173-183 formin 1 Homo sapiens 221-224 25993470-11 2015 Acetyl-L-carnitine, by lowering angiotensin II-induced mitochondrial superoxide formation, prevents Sirtuin3 dysfunction. Superoxides 69-79 sirtuin 3 Rattus norvegicus 100-108 6323471-1 1984 Mechanism of the inhibition of catalase by superoxide radical. Superoxides 43-61 catalase Bos taurus 31-39 6323471-4 1984 The formation of Compound I is due to the reaction of ferric catalase with hydrogen peroxide, which is generated by the disproportionation of the superoxide anion (O-2). Superoxides 146-162 catalase Bos taurus 61-69 6321074-2 1984 It has recently been proposed that an important source of superoxide anion during the respiratory burst that stimulates murine macrophages is the sequential metabolism of adenosine via adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase to uric acid. Superoxides 58-74 adenosine deaminase Mus musculus 185-204 25993470-14 2015 CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate that angiotensin II-induced insulin resistance fosters mitochondrial superoxide generation, in turn leading to Sirtuin3 dysfunction. Superoxides 103-113 sirtuin 3 Rattus norvegicus 145-153 6319532-3 1984 All three types of macrophages released superoxide anion (O2-) during phagocytosis of E(IgG). Superoxides 40-56 immunoglobulin heavy chain (V7183 family) Mus musculus 86-92 6315070-3 1983 Superoxide generated either by adriamycin:ferredoxin reductase or by hypoxanthine:xanthine oxidase can promote the formation of hydroxyl radicals in the presence of soluble iron chelates. Superoxides 0-10 ferredoxin reductase Homo sapiens 42-62 25680284-9 2015 Moreover, Notch1 blockade increased the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and gp(91)(phox), enhanced NO and superoxide production, and accelerated their cytotoxic reaction product, peroxynitrite. Superoxides 117-127 notch 1 Mus musculus 10-16 6315070-6 1983 Addition of double-stranded DNA to a mixture of adriamycin, ferredoxin reductase, NADPH and iron chelate inhibits formation of both superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. Superoxides 132-142 ferredoxin reductase Homo sapiens 60-80 25848038-0 2015 Endothelin-1 critically influences cardiac function via superoxide-MMP9 cascade. Superoxides 56-66 endothelin 1 Mus musculus 0-12 25848038-9 2015 We conclude that endothelin-1 is critical for maintaining normal contractile function, for controlling superoxide and Mmp9 levels, and for ensuring that the myocardium has sufficient collagen to prevent overstretching. Superoxides 103-113 endothelin 1 Mus musculus 17-29 6316150-1 1983 Copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalyses the very rapid two-step dismutation of the toxic superoxide radical (O-2) to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide through the alternate reduction and oxidation of the active-site copper. Superoxides 99-117 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 35-38 6313802-0 1983 The use of acetylated cytochrome c in detecting superoxide anion production in rabbit alveolar macrophages. Superoxides 48-64 cytochrome c Oryctolagus cuniculus 22-34 6309777-0 1983 Activation of mouse peritoneal macrophages by lipopolysaccharide alters the kinetic parameters of the superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 102-112 2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 1, mitochondrial Mus musculus 123-128 25747713-4 2015 Mitochondrial superoxide change after infection induced these oxidative responses through DAF-16 activity. Superoxides 14-24 Fork-head domain-containing protein;Forkhead box protein O Caenorhabditis elegans 90-96 6305935-2 1983 It was found that the NADPH-dependent transformation of benzene to water-soluble metabolites and to phenol catalyzed by cytochrome P-450 LM2 in membrane vesicles was inhibited by catalase, horseradish peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and hydroxyl radical scavengers such as mannitol, dimethyl sulfoxide, and catechol, indicating the participation of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anions, and hydroxyl radicals in the process. Superoxides 370-387 cytochrome P-450 Oryctolagus cuniculus 120-136 6305935-7 1983 The results indicate that the microsomal cytochrome P-450-dependent oxidation of benzene is mediated by hydroxyl radicals formed in a modified Haber-Weiss reaction between hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions and suggest that any cellular superoxide-generating system may be sufficient for the metabolic activation of benzene and structurally related compounds. Superoxides 194-204 cytochrome P-450 Oryctolagus cuniculus 41-57 26204391-8 2015 AR derivatives lost their protective activity from reactions with superoxide anions, which required increased soxS gene expression for cell viability. Superoxides 66-83 DNA-binding transcriptional dual regulator SoxS Escherichia coli str. K-12 substr. MG1655 110-114 6305935-7 1983 The results indicate that the microsomal cytochrome P-450-dependent oxidation of benzene is mediated by hydroxyl radicals formed in a modified Haber-Weiss reaction between hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions and suggest that any cellular superoxide-generating system may be sufficient for the metabolic activation of benzene and structurally related compounds. Superoxides 242-252 cytochrome P-450 Oryctolagus cuniculus 41-57 224122-0 1979 Chemotactic factor-induced superoxide radical generation by human neutrophils: requirement for proteinase (esterase) activity. Superoxides 27-45 endogenous retrovirus group K member 18 Homo sapiens 95-105 224122-1 1979 The requirement for proteinase (esterase) activity in the generation of O2- by human peripheral neutrophils was investigated. Superoxides 72-74 endogenous retrovirus group K member 18 Homo sapiens 20-30 25523026-5 2015 Recent contributions in this field have shown that the anti-L-selectin effect of NSAIDs is related to the NADPH-oxidase-dependent generation of superoxide anion at the plasma membrane. Superoxides 144-160 selectin L Homo sapiens 60-70 224122-8 1979 These studies suggest that intact proteinase function is required for O2- generation and that this step follows the calcium influx in the activation sequence induced by FMLP. Superoxides 70-72 endogenous retrovirus group K member 18 Homo sapiens 34-44 290996-6 1979 Incubation of the cells with arachidonic acid under an atmosphere of 18O2 led to incorporation of 18O into the 5,6-dihydroxy acids and 5,12-dihydroxy acids only at C-5. Superoxides 69-73 complement C5 Oryctolagus cuniculus 164-167 25377425-6 2015 Angiotensin-induced NADPH-oxidase activation and superoxide generation led to NF-kB translocation and Rho-kinase activation. Superoxides 49-59 nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1 Rattus norvegicus 78-83 25490952-10 2015 Furthermore, Cd-induced superoxide and lipid peroxidation mediated activation of proapoptotic markers p21 and p53 in the developing embryo. Superoxides 24-34 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 102-105 25329747-0 2015 Different influences of extracellular and intracellular superoxide on relaxation through the NO/sGC/cGMP pathway in isolated rat iliac arteries. Superoxides 56-66 guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 2 Rattus norvegicus 93-99 25329747-1 2015 Superoxide production is increased in diseased blood vessels, which is considered to lead to impairment of the nitric oxide (NO)/soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC)/cGMP pathway. Superoxides 0-10 guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 2 Rattus norvegicus 156-159 25329747-10 2015 These findings suggest that extracellular superoxide reacts with NO only outside the cell, whereas intracellular superoxide not only scavenges NO inside the cell but also shifts the sGC redox equilibrium. Superoxides 42-52 guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 2 Rattus norvegicus 182-185 25329747-10 2015 These findings suggest that extracellular superoxide reacts with NO only outside the cell, whereas intracellular superoxide not only scavenges NO inside the cell but also shifts the sGC redox equilibrium. Superoxides 113-123 guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 2 Rattus norvegicus 182-185 26101557-0 2015 Metallothionein-I/II Knockout Mice Aggravate Mitochondrial Superoxide Production and Peroxiredoxin 3 Expression in Thyroid after Excessive Iodide Exposure. Superoxides 59-69 metallothionein 3 Mus musculus 0-20 26294939-3 2015 Besides, we indicated that superoxide dismutase (SOD) at 1000 unit/mL attenuated the increase in mitochondrial superoxide production, Prx 3 protein expression, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and improved the relative cell viability at 100 muM KI exposure. Superoxides 27-37 peroxiredoxin 3 Rattus norvegicus 134-139 290996-6 1979 Incubation of the cells with arachidonic acid under an atmosphere of 18O2 led to incorporation of 18O into the 5,6-dihydroxy acids and 5,12-dihydroxy acids only at C-5. Superoxides 69-72 complement C5 Oryctolagus cuniculus 164-167 164898-0 1975 The role of superoxide radical in the autoxidation of cytochrome c. Superoxides 12-30 LOC104968582 Bos taurus 54-66 4407177-0 1974 Induction of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase by a light-driven superoxide generating system in liver cell culture. Superoxides 60-70 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1 Homo sapiens 13-41 33864955-5 2021 As significant superoxide sources the mitochondria and the NADPH oxidase isoform NOX-4 and the NOX-2 regulating cytosolic subunit p67phox have been identified. Superoxides 15-25 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 81-86 26409405-6 2015 In EPO-treated rats, superoxide formation in the motor neurons and proliferation of microglia were markedly suppressed in the acute phase. Superoxides 21-31 erythropoietin Rattus norvegicus 3-6 33941325-1 2021 We investigate as yet an unidentified role of NOX1, a non-phagocytic isoform of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase, in immune responses using Nox1-knockout mice (Nox1-KO). Superoxides 84-94 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 46-50 34039018-6 2021 Further, increased superoxide anion generated in RIPC is required for Nrg1 expression. Superoxides 19-35 neuregulin 1 Mus musculus 70-74 33781891-0 2021 Epigenetic silencing of GTP cyclohydrolase 1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma growth by activating superoxide anion-mediated ASK1/p38 signaling via inhibiting tetrahydrobiopterin de novo biosynthesis. Superoxides 100-116 GTP cyclohydrolase 1 Homo sapiens 24-44 33781891-10 2021 Further mechanistic studies found that GCH1 silencing-induced BH4 reduction resulted in an increase of intracellular superoxide anion levels in a dose-dependent manner, which mediated the activation of ASK1/p38 signaling. Superoxides 117-133 GTP cyclohydrolase 1 Homo sapiens 39-43 33932953-0 2021 Oxidant-Resistant LRRC8A/C anion channels support superoxide production by Nox1. Superoxides 50-60 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 75-79 33932953-1 2021 KEY POINTS: LRRC8A-containing anion channels associate with Nox1 and regulate superoxide production and TNFalpha signaling. Superoxides 78-88 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 60-64 33932953-10 2021 ABSTRACT: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) activates NADPH Oxidase 1 (Nox1) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), producing superoxide (O2 - ) required for subsequent signaling. Superoxides 133-143 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 59-74 33563722-3 2021 Here, we demonstrated that the NOX1 isoform of the superoxide-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase regulated repetitive behavior in mice by facilitating excitatory synaptic inputs in the central striatum (CS). Superoxides 51-61 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 31-35 26036139-2 2015 Twenty-four-hour treatment of coleoptile segments with 10 nM solutions of 24-EBL and 24-ECS led to a transient increase in the generation of superoxide anion radical by cell surface and the subsequent activation of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Superoxides 141-165 catalase-1 Triticum aestivum 240-248 25326583-0 2014 Nox2-dependent glutathionylation of endothelial NOS leads to uncoupled superoxide production and endothelial barrier dysfunction in acute lung injury. Superoxides 71-81 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 36-51 25326583-2 2014 Under conditions of limited substrate or cofactor availability or by enzymatic modification, eNOS may become uncoupled, producing superoxide in lieu of NO. Superoxides 130-140 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 93-97 25326583-3 2014 This study was designed to investigate how eNOS-dependent superoxide production contributes to endothelial barrier dysfunction in inflammatory lung injury and its regulation. Superoxides 58-68 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 43-47 25326583-9 2014 LPS-induced superoxide production and permeability in HLMVEC were inhibited by the NOS inhibitor nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, eNOS-targeted siRNA, the eNOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin, and superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 12-22 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 128-132 25326583-9 2014 LPS-induced superoxide production and permeability in HLMVEC were inhibited by the NOS inhibitor nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, eNOS-targeted siRNA, the eNOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin, and superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 12-22 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 153-157 25326583-12 2014 These data indicate that eNOS uncoupling contributes to superoxide production and barrier dysfunction in the lung microvasculature after exposure to LPS. Superoxides 56-66 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 25-29 24652711-4 2014 Its antioxidant activity against hydroxyl radicals and superoxide radicals (IC50 = 0.8 and 6.15 microg mL(-1) , respectively) was about 205-fold and 47-fold higher than those of unfermented soy germ (IC50 = 164.0 and 290.48 microg mL(-1) ), respectively. Superoxides 55-74 L1 cell adhesion molecule Mus musculus 103-109 25313982-4 2014 NQO2 modulates the levels of acetaminophen derived reactive oxygen species, more specifically superoxide anions, in cultured cells. Superoxides 94-111 N-ribosyldihydronicotinamide:quinone reductase 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 25313982-6 2014 We suggest that NQO2 mediated superoxide production may function as a novel mechanism augmenting acetaminophen toxicity. Superoxides 30-40 N-ribosyldihydronicotinamide:quinone reductase 2 Homo sapiens 16-20 25041251-5 2014 Moreover, EPO decreased the levels of superoxide anions and increased NO bioavailability in cerebral microvessels of hph1 mice. Superoxides 38-55 erythropoietin Mus musculus 10-13 25310133-2 2014 Here we described the preparation of a novel Hb-HSA3 cluster with antioxidant activities and its O2 complex stable in aqueous H2O2 solution. Superoxides 97-99 olfactory receptor family 6 subfamily C member 2 Homo sapiens 48-52 33550097-7 2021 Nevertheless, the data showed that capsaicin activated TRPV1 significantly decreased ox-LDL-induced superoxide anion generation. Superoxides 100-116 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 Homo sapiens 55-60 33867840-2 2021 We have previously demonstrated that MnSOD lysine-68 (K68) acetylation (K68-Ac) leads to a change in function from a superoxide-scavenging homotetramer to a peroxidase-directed monomer. Superoxides 117-127 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 37-42 33270355-5 2021 The HG-induced increase of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels and decrease of superoxide dismutase activity in podocytes were reversed by the Brg-1 overexpression. Superoxides 94-104 SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 4 Homo sapiens 158-163 33079465-4 2021 The nanozyme prevents the mitochondrial damage in SOD1 and SOD2-depleted cells by regulating the superoxide levels and restores the physiological levels of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins. Superoxides 97-107 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 59-63 33483749-4 2021 METHODS AND RESULTS: NOX2-Tg mice showed a 2-2.5-fold higher atrial protein content of NOX2 compared with wild-type (WT) controls, which was associated with a significant (2-fold) increase in NADPH-stimulated superoxide production (2-hydroxyethidium by HPLC) in left and right atrial tissue homogenates (P = 0.004 and P = 0.019, respectively). Superoxides 209-219 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 21-25 33483749-4 2021 METHODS AND RESULTS: NOX2-Tg mice showed a 2-2.5-fold higher atrial protein content of NOX2 compared with wild-type (WT) controls, which was associated with a significant (2-fold) increase in NADPH-stimulated superoxide production (2-hydroxyethidium by HPLC) in left and right atrial tissue homogenates (P = 0.004 and P = 0.019, respectively). Superoxides 209-219 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 87-91 33483749-9 2021 Finally, treatment with atorvastatin significantly inhibited atrial superoxide production in NOX2-Tg but had no effect on AF induction in either genotype. Superoxides 68-78 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 93-97 33483749-10 2021 CONCLUSIONS: Together, these data indicate that whilst atrial NOX2 overexpression may contribute to atrial arrhythmogenesis, NOX2-derived superoxide production does not affect the electrical and structural properties of the atrial myocardium. Superoxides 138-148 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 125-129 33483749-14 2021 Short-term treatment with atorvastatin normalized atrial superoxide in NOX2-Tg mice without affecting AF susceptibility. Superoxides 57-67 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 71-75 33483749-15 2021 Together these findings indicate that atrial NOX2-derived superoxide is more likely a biomarker of AF risk than a primary driver of AF development, and that NOX2 inhibition is unlikely to prevent the new-onset of AF. Superoxides 58-68 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 45-49 33069733-5 2021 Moreover, commercial assay kits indicated that inflammatory response and oxidative stress were provoked in response to MPP+, due to promoted contents of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, malondialdehyde, and lactate dehydrogenase, accompanied with suppressed superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase levels. Superoxides 284-294 M-phase phosphoprotein 6 Homo sapiens 119-122 33310503-7 2021 Rescuing H2S signaling in CSE-KO mice by Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) supplementation or reconstitution with endothelial cell specific CSE over-expression significantly reduced atrial superoxide, increased sulfide levels, and lowered AF inducibility. Superoxides 181-191 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 26-29 33310503-7 2021 Rescuing H2S signaling in CSE-KO mice by Diallyl trisulfide (DATS) supplementation or reconstitution with endothelial cell specific CSE over-expression significantly reduced atrial superoxide, increased sulfide levels, and lowered AF inducibility. Superoxides 181-191 cystathionase (cystathionine gamma-lyase) Mus musculus 132-135 32721518-2 2020 Here we have shown that, under the conditions of a gradual decrease in dissolved oxygen (dO2), characteristic of batch culture, the global regulatory system ArcB/ArcA can play an important role in the coordinated control of extracellular superoxide and GSH fluxes and their interaction with intracellular antioxidant systems. Superoxides 238-248 arginine deiminase Escherichia coli 162-166 32582913-5 2020 Mechanistic studies showed that MIF protects MM cells from PI-induced apoptosis by maintaining mitochondrial function via suppression of superoxide production in response to PIs. Superoxides 137-147 macrophage migration inhibitory factor Homo sapiens 32-35 24382195-4 2014 RESULTS: Since they possess elevated manganese superoxide dismutase (Sod2) activity, young ccp1Delta cells accumulate low mitochondrial superoxide (O2( -)) levels but high H2O2 levels. Superoxides 47-57 superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Mesocricetus auratus 69-73 24382195-4 2014 RESULTS: Since they possess elevated manganese superoxide dismutase (Sod2) activity, young ccp1Delta cells accumulate low mitochondrial superoxide (O2( -)) levels but high H2O2 levels. Superoxides 148-150 superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Mesocricetus auratus 69-73 25037566-9 2014 Moreover, after chronic sympathetic hyperactivity, uncoupling eNOS may be a significant source of superoxide anion and reduced NO bioavailability in small vessels, increasing the contractile tone. Superoxides 98-114 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 62-66 25056956-0 2014 Arachidonic acid induces direct interaction of the p67(phox)-Rac complex with the phagocyte oxidase Nox2, leading to superoxide production. Superoxides 117-127 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 55-59 25056956-1 2014 The phagocyte NADPH oxidase Nox2, heterodimerized with p22(phox) in the membrane, is dormant in resting cells but becomes activated upon cell stimulation to produce superoxide, a precursor of microbicidal oxidants. Superoxides 165-175 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 55-58 25056956-1 2014 The phagocyte NADPH oxidase Nox2, heterodimerized with p22(phox) in the membrane, is dormant in resting cells but becomes activated upon cell stimulation to produce superoxide, a precursor of microbicidal oxidants. Superoxides 165-175 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 59-63 25056956-6 2014 However, even when constitutively active forms of p47(phox) and Rac1 are both expressed in HeLa cells, superoxide production by Nox2 is scarcely induced in the absence of AA. Superoxides 103-113 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 50-53 25056956-6 2014 However, even when constitutively active forms of p47(phox) and Rac1 are both expressed in HeLa cells, superoxide production by Nox2 is scarcely induced in the absence of AA. Superoxides 103-113 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 54-58 25062272-3 2014 Nox4 may also be unusual as it reportedly releases hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in contrast to Nox1-Nox3 and Nox5, which release superoxide, although this result is controversial in part because of possible membrane compartmentalization of superoxide, which may prevent detection. Superoxides 125-135 NADPH oxidase 3 Homo sapiens 96-100 25062272-3 2014 Nox4 may also be unusual as it reportedly releases hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in contrast to Nox1-Nox3 and Nox5, which release superoxide, although this result is controversial in part because of possible membrane compartmentalization of superoxide, which may prevent detection. Superoxides 125-135 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 105-109 24294978-6 2014 The levels of superoxide, DNA oxidation, and neuronal death in the CA1 subfield of the hippocampus, as well as consequential cognitive impairment, were increased in 2VO rats. Superoxides 14-24 carbonic anhydrase 1 Rattus norvegicus 67-70 25081034-0 2014 TCR-triggered extracellular superoxide production is not required for T-cell activation. Superoxides 28-38 T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional) Homo sapiens 0-3 25081034-4 2014 RESULTS: To shed some light onto this issue, we specifically measured superoxide production upon TCR ligation in primary human and mouse T lymphocytes. Superoxides 70-80 T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional) Homo sapiens 97-100 25081034-10 2014 CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our data indicate that primary T cells produce extracellular superoxide upon TCR triggering, potentially via NOX2 at the plasma membrane. Superoxides 88-98 T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional) Homo sapiens 104-107 24842918-7 2014 Silencing of p66(Shc) blunted stretch-increased superoxide anion production and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activation and restored nitric oxide bioavailability. Superoxides 48-64 DNA polymerase delta 3, accessory subunit Homo sapiens 13-16 24552404-8 2014 AS1-4, four isoprenylated flavones, potently quenched superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, and hydrogen peroxide at the concentration of 20 microM with their scavenging rates in the range of 30.1-78.1%, 35.4-69.7%, and 65.5-86.3%, respectively. Superoxides 54-70 PDS5 cohesin associated factor B Rattus norvegicus 0-5 25050617-5 2014 In vivo, pharmacological inhibition of TAK1 with 5Z-7-oxozeaenol blocked the injury-induced phosphorylation of both TAK1 (Thr187) and NF-kB/p65 (Ser536), associated with marked inhibition of superoxide production, 3-nitrotyrosine, and MCP-1 in the injured arteries. Superoxides 191-201 v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian) Mus musculus 140-143 25050617-6 2014 Cell culture experiments demonstrated that either siRNA knockdown or 5Z-7-oxozeaenol inhibition of TAK1 significantly attenuated NADPH oxidase activation and superoxide production induced by CD40L/CD40 stimulation. Superoxides 158-168 CD40 ligand Mus musculus 191-196 25184115-10 2014 Thus proline oxidation by proline dehydrogenase drives superoxide/H2O2 production, but it does so mainly or exclusively by providing anaplerotic carbon for other mitochondrial dehydrogenases and not by producing superoxide/H2O2 directly. Superoxides 55-65 proline dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 26-47 25020117-10 2014 Both hsp90 and caveolin-1 have been shown to influence eNOS uncoupling and a peptide mimicking the scaffolding domain of caveolin-1 blocked the ability of PKCalpha to stimulate eNOS-derived superoxide. Superoxides 190-200 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 5-10 32758662-4 2020 Superoxide is produced by the phagocyte NADPH oxidase, a complex enzyme composed of two membrane subunits, gp91phox or NOX2 and p22phox, and four cytosolic components p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and Rac2. Superoxides 0-10 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 176-183 32572784-6 2020 The mechanism of LPC-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) generation, mitochondria membrane depolarization, nitric oxide (NO) increase, and development of superoxide production via TRPA1 was verified by using confocal imaging. Superoxides 172-182 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 198-203 32745765-11 2020 Notably, SIRT3 RNAi suppressed OXPHOS activity, while PGC-1alpha RNAi triggered mitochondrial superoxide and intracellular H2O2 production in hypoxia combined with curcumin-treated BMSCs. Superoxides 94-104 peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha Mus musculus 54-64 32915316-12 2020 The IL-1beta production in the PVN is dependent on the AT1R-mediated superoxide anion generation and NFkappaB activation. Superoxides 69-85 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Rattus norvegicus 55-59 33121174-4 2020 Aside from NO, nNOS also generates superoxide which is involved in both cell injury and signaling. Superoxides 35-45 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 15-19 24755467-6 2014 Notably, NOX4 silencing or superoxide scavenging was sufficient to block nuclear accumulation of HIF2alpha in RCC cells. Superoxides 27-37 endothelial PAS domain protein 1 Mus musculus 97-106 24720662-0 2014 Suppression of NADPH oxidase- and mitochondrion-derived superoxide by Notoginsenoside R1 protects against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury through estrogen receptor-dependent activation of Akt/Nrf2 pathways. Superoxides 56-66 estrogen receptor 1 Rattus norvegicus 151-168 24178889-5 2014 Our results demonstrate that hMSC-conditioned medium increased wound closure and proliferation at 12 h and reduced superoxide production to control conditions. Superoxides 115-125 musculin Homo sapiens 29-33 24012887-5 2014 At the sub-cellular level, PON2 localizes primarily in mitochondria, where it scavenges superoxides. Superoxides 88-99 paraoxonase 2 Mus musculus 27-31 33121174-6 2020 Phosphorylation of nNOS at Ser847 by CaMKII decreases NO generation and increases superoxide generation. Superoxides 82-92 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 19-23 33121174-6 2020 Phosphorylation of nNOS at Ser847 by CaMKII decreases NO generation and increases superoxide generation. Superoxides 82-92 calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma Homo sapiens 37-43 33026384-3 2020 Our findings indicate that OEB exhibits great antioxidant capacity and ability to scavenge free radicals and that OEB treatment can protect RAW 264.7 macrophages from oxidative damage by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, catalase (CAT) activity and glutathione (GSH) content and the corresponding gene expression (sod2, cat, gpx1), while decreasing malonic dialdehyde (MDA) content. Superoxides 198-208 Catalase Caenorhabditis elegans 17-20 32830535-8 2020 Also, PDI inhibition caused Nrf2 (nuclear factor E2 related factor 2, a redox-sensitive transcription factor) cytoplasmic sequestration, decreased superoxide dismutase, and glutathione S-transferase activities, and increased oxidative stress. Superoxides 147-157 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 6-9 33209876-10 2020 Overexpression of HMGB1 enhanced the the levels of interleukin (IL)-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and malondialdehyde (MDA), but reduced the content of superoxide dismutase (SOD), IL-4, and IL-10, in vitro. Superoxides 170-180 high mobility group box 1 Mus musculus 18-23 32597024-3 2020 The effects of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in suppressing superoxide (O2 - ) release from neutrophils are transiently impaired in acute heart failure. Superoxides 63-73 natriuretic peptide B Homo sapiens 15-41 32597024-3 2020 The effects of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) in suppressing superoxide (O2 - ) release from neutrophils are transiently impaired in acute heart failure. Superoxides 63-73 natriuretic peptide B Homo sapiens 43-46 33005568-6 2020 In this study the key findings include: (1) Improvement in key mitochondrial respiratory states with the succinate prodrug (NV118) but not B12a; (2) Attenuation of superoxide production with treatment of NV118 but not with B12a treatment; (3) The changes in respiration were not secondary to increased mitochondrial content as measured by citrate synthase; (4) The use of easily accessible human blood cells showed similar mitochondrial response to both cyanide and treatment to HASMC. Superoxides 164-174 citrate synthase Homo sapiens 339-355 32963690-7 2020 At these sites with the higher acidity, the chance of protonation of the superoxide radical (O2 ), generated by the respiratory chain, is much higher with the formation of the highly reactive hydrophobic perhydroxyl radical (HO2 ). Superoxides 73-91 heme oxygenase 2 Homo sapiens 226-229 32924676-1 2020 Superoxide producing NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1), abundantly expressed in the colon epithelium, plays a crucial role in mucosal host defenses. Superoxides 0-10 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 21-36 32924676-1 2020 Superoxide producing NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1), abundantly expressed in the colon epithelium, plays a crucial role in mucosal host defenses. Superoxides 0-10 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 38-42 32736673-9 2020 Both in vivo and in vitro studies showed that inhibiting TREM-1 attenuated ROS accumulation, lipid per-oxidation (LPO) contents such as malondialdehyde (MDA) and enhanced the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity after ischemia. Superoxides 175-185 triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 Rattus norvegicus 57-63 24634002-5 2014 Arsenic resulted in a time dependent inhibition of GR mediated by the superoxide anion. Superoxides 70-86 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 51-53 24511121-7 2014 Thrombospondin-1 also stimulated phosphorylation of p47(phox) (an organizer subunit for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 1/2) and increased production of superoxide, both of which were abrogated by knockdown or antibody blockade of SIRP-alpha. Superoxides 181-191 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 52-61 24765099-9 2014 Loss-of-function of AtPAO3 gene results to increased NADPH-oxidase-dependent production of superoxide anions ([Formula: see text] ), but not H2O2, which activate the mitochondrial alternative oxidase pathway (AOX). Superoxides 91-108 polyamine oxidase 3 Arabidopsis thaliana 20-26 23795822-2 2014 Superoxide is well known to perturb nonheme iron proteins, including Fe/S proteins such as aconitase and succinate dehydrogenase, as well as other enzymes containing labile iron such as the prolyl hydroxylase domain-containing family of enzymes; whereas hydrogen peroxide is more specific for two-electron reactions with thiols on glutathione, glutaredoxin, thioredoxin, and the peroxiredoxins. Superoxides 0-10 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 358-369 24572641-3 2014 HEB displayed strong antioxidant potency in inhibiting, at 1.36 mM concentration, erythrocyte hemolysis and scavenging DPPH radicals and superoxide anion (O2(-)) by 82.4%, 85.6% and 71.4%, respectively. Superoxides 137-153 transcription factor 12 Homo sapiens 0-3 24572641-3 2014 HEB displayed strong antioxidant potency in inhibiting, at 1.36 mM concentration, erythrocyte hemolysis and scavenging DPPH radicals and superoxide anion (O2(-)) by 82.4%, 85.6% and 71.4%, respectively. Superoxides 155-157 transcription factor 12 Homo sapiens 0-3 24324051-8 2014 Serum CT-1 and IL-6 levels, which associated with the left ventricular mass index, correlated with superoxide production. Superoxides 99-109 cardiotrophin 1 Homo sapiens 6-10 24324051-10 2014 CT-1 stimulated NADPH oxidase superoxide production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, which resulted in an increased release of IL-6. Superoxides 30-40 cardiotrophin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 24420571-3 2014 By using BY-2 tobacco cells, it was shown that both NaCl- and sorbitol-induced PCD seemed to be dependent on superoxide anion (O2 (-)) generation by NADPH-oxidase. Superoxides 109-125 respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein A-like Nicotiana tabacum 149-162 24528254-7 2014 Furthermore, ghrelin and leptin prevented superoxide production, calcium rise and mitochondrial dysfunction triggered by AbetaO. Superoxides 42-52 leptin Homo sapiens 25-31 24505490-6 2014 We found that a relatively specific PKCalpha inhibitor, Ro-32-0432, dose-dependently inhibited PMA-induced superoxide production from Nox5. Superoxides 107-117 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 134-138 24505490-11 2014 Exposure of endothelial cells to high glucose significantly increased PKCalpha activation, and enhanced Nox5 derived superoxide in a manner that was in prevented by a PKCalpha inhibitor, Go 6976. Superoxides 117-127 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 104-108 24184207-4 2014 Previous studies suggested that superoxide anion and H2O2 generation are involved in T cell receptor (TCR)-dependent signaling. Superoxides 32-48 T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional) Homo sapiens 85-100 24184207-4 2014 Previous studies suggested that superoxide anion and H2O2 generation are involved in T cell receptor (TCR)-dependent signaling. Superoxides 32-48 T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional) Homo sapiens 102-105 24140862-9 2014 In conclusion, endogenously produced O2(-) and H2O2 primarily contribute to NLRP3 inflammasome formation and activation in mouse glomeruli resulting in glomerular injury or consequent sclerosis during hHcys. Superoxides 37-39 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 76-81 24002659-8 2014 We interestingly found that superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide induced a diverse apoptosis level by differently inhibiting GI via NF-kappaB pathway. Superoxides 28-44 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 127-129 24504963-1 2014 The superoxide (O2 ( -))-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes comprises a membrane-imbedded heterodimeric flavocytochrome, known as cytochrome b 558 (consisting of Nox2 and p22 (phox) ) and four cytosolic regulatory proteins, p47 (phox) , p67 (phox) , p40 (phox) , and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 4-14 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 183-186 32830348-7 2020 Furthermore, overexpression miR-320a protected Muller cells by suppressing superoxide anion. Superoxides 75-91 microRNA 320a Homo sapiens 28-36 32311827-4 2020 Upregulation of Ang II and adenosine activate NOX via AT1R and A1R in renal microvessels, leading to superoxide production. Superoxides 101-111 angiogenin Homo sapiens 16-19 24504963-1 2014 The superoxide (O2 ( -))-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes comprises a membrane-imbedded heterodimeric flavocytochrome, known as cytochrome b 558 (consisting of Nox2 and p22 (phox) ) and four cytosolic regulatory proteins, p47 (phox) , p67 (phox) , p40 (phox) , and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 4-14 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 236-239 24598074-1 2014 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes consists of the membrane-associated cytochrome b 558 (a heterodimer of Nox2 and p22(phox)) and 4 cytosolic components: p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase, Rac, in complex with RhoGDI. Superoxides 4-14 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 134-137 24598074-1 2014 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes consists of the membrane-associated cytochrome b 558 (a heterodimer of Nox2 and p22(phox)) and 4 cytosolic components: p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase, Rac, in complex with RhoGDI. Superoxides 4-14 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 173-176 24598074-1 2014 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes consists of the membrane-associated cytochrome b 558 (a heterodimer of Nox2 and p22(phox)) and 4 cytosolic components: p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase, Rac, in complex with RhoGDI. Superoxides 4-14 Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor alpha Homo sapiens 249-255 32311827-4 2020 Upregulation of Ang II and adenosine activate NOX via AT1R and A1R in renal microvessels, leading to superoxide production. Superoxides 101-111 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 54-58 32222623-7 2020 Mechanistically, we provide compelling evidence that PM2.5 reduces SOD2 expression through activation of Akt pathway, which leads to a disruption of mitochondrial redox homeostasis characterized by increased accumulation of mitochondrial superoxide. Superoxides 238-248 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 67-71 32401607-2 2020 The principal source of superoxide from the insulin-resistant endothelium is the Nox2 isoform of NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 24-34 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 81-85 24386395-8 2013 In addition, superoxide anion production was increased from 21% (untreated cells) to 55% (cells treated with 40 ng/mL resistin), and 64% (resistin, 80 mg/mL) (P<0.05). Superoxides 13-29 resistin Homo sapiens 118-126 24187133-2 2013 A peptide that mimics a putative activation domain of the Nox1 activator subunit NOXA1 (NOXA1 docking sequence, also known as NoxA1ds) potently inhibited Nox1-derived superoxide anion (O2 -) production in a reconstituted Nox1 cell-free system, with no effect on Nox2-, Nox4-, Nox5-, or xanthine oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species production as measured by cytochrome c reduction, Amplex Red fluorescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance. Superoxides 167-183 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 276-280 24187133-2 2013 A peptide that mimics a putative activation domain of the Nox1 activator subunit NOXA1 (NOXA1 docking sequence, also known as NoxA1ds) potently inhibited Nox1-derived superoxide anion (O2 -) production in a reconstituted Nox1 cell-free system, with no effect on Nox2-, Nox4-, Nox5-, or xanthine oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species production as measured by cytochrome c reduction, Amplex Red fluorescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance. Superoxides 185-187 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 276-280 24129398-8 2013 Moreover, PKA-KD virtually abolished the suppressive effect of APN on MI/R-induced NADPH oxidase overexpression and superoxide overproduction and partially inhibited the effect of APN on nitrative protein modification in MI/R heart. Superoxides 116-126 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Mus musculus 63-66 23831190-7 2013 Mitochondrial Sod2 activity also varies in the three strains (ccp1Delta>wildtype >ccp1(W191F)) and ccp1Delta cells exhibit low superoxide levels. Superoxides 133-143 superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Mesocricetus auratus 14-18 24060804-9 2013 These results suggest that elevated NF-kappaB, c-fos and RAR-alpha expressions and MMP-9 activity in the SHR are superoxide-dependent. Superoxides 113-123 retinoic acid receptor, alpha Rattus norvegicus 57-66 32401607-7 2020 After 12 wk Western diet, ESMIRO/ApoE-/-/Nox2-/y mice had reduced EC superoxide generation and greater aortic relaxation to acetylcholine. Superoxides 69-79 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 41-45 32401607-10 2020 These results demonstrate that insulin resistance is characterized by increased Nox2-derived vascular superoxide. Superoxides 102-112 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 80-84 31935117-6 2020 In the LV of SRD-fed rats, chia seed improved/reverted the depleted activity of antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase, and ameliorated MnSOD mRNA levels increasing the expression of the nuclear factor Nrf2. Superoxides 124-134 chitinase, acidic Rattus norvegicus 27-31 31923552-7 2020 Mechanistically, the activation of the superoxide-generating enzyme NADPH oxidase (NOX2) on NE-LC neurons was essential for their heightened vulnerability during chronic neuroinflammation. Superoxides 39-49 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 83-87 32706196-4 2020 However, over-expression of circular ribonucleic acid 0001588 reduced reactive oxygen species production and malonaldehyde levels and increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and levels via activation signal pathway of silent information regulator 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway by miR-211-5p up-regulation in vitro. Superoxides 144-154 microRNA 211 Rattus norvegicus 336-343 32149414-10 2020 First, proper level of SOD2 helped CRC cells maintain mitochondrial function by disposal of superoxide (O2 .- ). Superoxides 92-102 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 23-27 32008372-9 2020 Increased activities of iNOS and NOX1 enzymes at MEPs in obese mice generated higher levels of NO and superoxide radicals, resulting in increased local peroxynitrite formation and subsequent oxidation of the regulatory protein AKAP150 at cysteine 36, to impair AKAP150-TRPV4 channel signaling at MEPs. Superoxides 102-112 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 33-37 32316268-8 2020 SIN-1 (500 muM, a generator nitric oxide, superoxide and peroxynitrite), which facilitates the cystine-cysteine shuttle mediated by xCT (a glutamate/cystein:cystine/NAC antiporter), did not affect basal GSH concentration in WT and P2X7R knockout (KO) mice. Superoxides 42-52 mitogen-activated protein kinase associated protein 1 Mus musculus 0-5 31968997-4 2020 This review discusses how mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2) plays two critical roles in facilitating redox signaling. Superoxides 40-50 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 62-66 32171979-7 2020 The NSAPP pathway is an oxide transport chain that begins when insulin stimulates NADPH oxidase-4 to generate superoxide (O2 -). Superoxides 110-120 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 82-97 32059146-9 2020 In the 2-MeO-E1 metabolic pathway, rs165599 in COMT was significantly associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (P = 0.009). Superoxides 7-12 catechol-O-methyltransferase Homo sapiens 47-51 31733931-13 2020 The expression of ABCG2 in the SSCs cultured at 2.5% O2 was higher than in the other O2 groups. Superoxides 53-55 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group) Mus musculus 18-23 31733931-13 2020 The expression of ABCG2 in the SSCs cultured at 2.5% O2 was higher than in the other O2 groups. Superoxides 85-87 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group) Mus musculus 18-23 31733931-15 2020 In conclusion, moderate to low O2 tension increases ABCG2 expression to maintain mild ROS levels, triggers the expression of the anti-apoptotic genes, suppresses the proapoptotic gene pathway, and further promotes the proliferation of mouse SSCs in vitro. Superoxides 31-33 ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group) Mus musculus 52-57 31904285-9 2020 AT1 receptor inhibition did not affect the response to Ang II, whereas AT2 receptor inhibition abolished the response in mitochondria from control animals and reversed the response to increased oxygen consumption through superoxide-induced mitochondrial uncoupling in mitochondria from diabetic rat. Superoxides 221-231 angiotensin II receptor, type 2 Rattus norvegicus 71-74 31904901-4 2020 Superoxide anions are metabolized by manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (SOD2) in the mitochondria. Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 79-83 31904901-4 2020 Superoxide anions are metabolized by manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (SOD2) in the mitochondria. Superoxides 57-67 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 79-83 32069761-5 2020 The high degradation rate of BPA by TiO2/g-C3N4 was demonstrated to be superoxide radical ( O2-) and singlet oxygen (1O2) by radical quenching experiment, which was further evidenced by EPR, XPS, DRS and PL analysis. Superoxides 38-40 sushi repeat containing protein X-linked Homo sapiens 196-199 31677610-9 2020 Analyses of the brain oxidative stress factors showed that G-CSF and BMSCs reduced the expression of malondialdehyde and induced the activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and peroxidase ferric reducing ability of plasma. Superoxides 145-155 colony stimulating factor 3 Rattus norvegicus 59-64 31841922-7 2020 Annual soil N2O fluxes for SC, SD, and AF sites were 2.38 +- 0.17 kg N ha-1 yr-1, 0.94 +- 0.14 kg N ha-1 yr-1, and 0.47 +- 0.01 kg N ha-1 yr-1, respectively. Superoxides 12-15 solute carrier family 9 member B1 Homo sapiens 69-80 31977206-9 2020 The change of the O2/fuel ratio from 0.5 to 2.0 lead to an increase of CO2 formation mainly from O2 + O=COH CO2 + HO2 and O2 + CO CO2 + O reactions. Superoxides 18-20 heme oxygenase 2 Homo sapiens 116-119 23955717-0 2013 Nox2 as a potential target of mitochondrial superoxide and its role in endothelial oxidative stress. Superoxides 44-54 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 0-4 23955717-9 2013 Inhibition of Nox2 (gp91ds) or Nox2 depletion with small interfering RNA but not Nox1, Nox4, or Nox5 abolished diazoxide-induced O2( -) production in the cytoplasm. Superoxides 129-131 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 14-18 23955717-9 2013 Inhibition of Nox2 (gp91ds) or Nox2 depletion with small interfering RNA but not Nox1, Nox4, or Nox5 abolished diazoxide-induced O2( -) production in the cytoplasm. Superoxides 129-131 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 31-35 24129169-7 2013 Mechanistically, superoxide production in the intrarenal artery and NOX4 member of NADPH oxidase in the renal cortex that contribute to diabetic nephropathy were also prevented by the Rho kinase inhibitor. Superoxides 17-27 NADPH oxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 68-72 23919599-2 2013 The superoxide-generating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase 2 (NOX2, encoded by the CYBB gene) and the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) play opposing roles in the balance of cellular redox status. Superoxides 4-14 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 26-79 23919599-2 2013 The superoxide-generating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase 2 (NOX2, encoded by the CYBB gene) and the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) play opposing roles in the balance of cellular redox status. Superoxides 4-14 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 81-85 23919599-2 2013 The superoxide-generating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase 2 (NOX2, encoded by the CYBB gene) and the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) play opposing roles in the balance of cellular redox status. Superoxides 4-14 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 102-106 31977206-9 2020 The change of the O2/fuel ratio from 0.5 to 2.0 lead to an increase of CO2 formation mainly from O2 + O=COH CO2 + HO2 and O2 + CO CO2 + O reactions. Superoxides 72-74 heme oxygenase 2 Homo sapiens 116-119 31977206-9 2020 The change of the O2/fuel ratio from 0.5 to 2.0 lead to an increase of CO2 formation mainly from O2 + O=COH CO2 + HO2 and O2 + CO CO2 + O reactions. Superoxides 72-74 heme oxygenase 2 Homo sapiens 116-119 32035445-0 2020 Surface chemistry of 2-propanol and O2 mixtures on SnO2(110) studied with ambient-pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Superoxides 36-38 strawberry notch homolog 1 Homo sapiens 51-54 31931552-9 2020 Targeted reduction of MCU expression using RNA interference abolished mitochondrial superoxide production but exacerbated palmitate-induced [Ca2+]i overload. Superoxides 84-94 mitochondrial calcium uniporter Mus musculus 22-25 31689658-9 2020 In addition, airway inflammation, a lower number of CD3epsilon-CD49b+ splenic NK cells, and systemic oxidative stress were caused at the end of pregnancy after O3 exposure, which did not recover at the end of lactation for the first two responses. Superoxides 160-162 CD3 antigen, epsilon polypeptide Mus musculus 52-62 31689658-10 2020 CONCLUSIONS: Prenatal O3 exposure increased the severity of OVA-induced asthma in the offspring, which might be directly induced by CD3epsilon-CD49b+ splenic NK cells in the offspring and indirectly related to the damaged maternal immune system. Superoxides 22-24 CD3 antigen, epsilon polypeptide Mus musculus 132-142 31812751-9 2020 As compared with H2O2-treatment alone, the pretreatment of the cells with 100, 200 and 400 mug/mL of GA-g-CMCS significantly increased cell viability, reduced apoptosis and intracellular reactive oxygen species production, and improved membrane integrity and intracellular antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase) activity. Superoxides 293-303 cerebral malaria susceptibility in CBA/N Mus musculus 106-110 23727839-7 2013 Accordingly, the corresponding variant Rhodobacter sphaeroides ETF-QO proteins, when overexpressed in vitro, bind a CoQ10 pseudosubstrate, Q10Br, less tightly than the wild-type ETF-QO protein, suggesting that molecular oxygen can get access to the electrons in the misfolded ETF-QO protein, thereby generating superoxide and oxidative stress, which can be reversed by CoQ10 treatment. Superoxides 311-321 electron transfer flavoprotein dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 63-69 23559014-2 2013 Excitotoxic neuronal death results in part from superoxide produced by neuronal NADPH oxidase (NOX2), but how NMDA receptors are coupled to neuronal NOX2 activation is not well understood. Superoxides 48-58 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 95-99 31952185-7 2020 Moreover, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were significantly enhanced while malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were diminished. Superoxides 28-38 Superoxide dismutase [Mn] 2, mitochondrial Caenorhabditis elegans 50-53 23261940-10 2013 These results provide the first evidence that plasma from PE generates superoxide via a LOX1-NOX2-mediated pathway and downregulates endothelial KCa3.1, which may contribute to endothelial dysfunction and vasculopathy in preeclampsia. Superoxides 71-81 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 93-97 31952185-7 2020 Moreover, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) were significantly enhanced while malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were diminished. Superoxides 28-38 Catalase Caenorhabditis elegans 69-72 31586624-5 2020 Apelin-36 also improved the activity of antioxidant system including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH), and decreased the overproduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and STR of MPTP-treated mice. Superoxides 69-79 apelin Mus musculus 0-6 24961316-5 2013 Angiogenic blood vessels 3 and 7 days post-stroke were observed to co-localise with both Nox2 antibody and dihydroethidium fluorescence suggesting a role for Nox2 generated superoxide during the phase of vascular remodeling, whilst Nox4 expression was detected once new cerebral vessels had formed. Superoxides 173-183 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 158-162 33040597-7 2020 CTRP9 overexpression significantly attenuated HG-induced oxidative stress, as proved by decreased levels of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, and increased superoxide dismutase activity. Superoxides 167-177 C1q and TNF related 9 Homo sapiens 0-5 23333803-4 2013 LPS-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) was associated with increased 2-OH-E(+) (marker for superoxide formation) levels and was attenuated by apocynin and the Nox inhibitor, VAS2870. Superoxides 121-131 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 26-59 23333803-4 2013 LPS-induced expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) was associated with increased 2-OH-E(+) (marker for superoxide formation) levels and was attenuated by apocynin and the Nox inhibitor, VAS2870. Superoxides 121-131 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 61-67 32219747-0 2020 Exploiting Plug-and-Play Electrochemical Biosensors to Determine the Role of FGF19 in Sorafenib-Mediated Superoxide and Nitric Oxide Production in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Superoxides 105-115 fibroblast growth factor 19 Homo sapiens 77-82 23050834-4 2013 Treatment with the electron transport chain complex III inhibitor, antimycin A, but not the complex I inhibitor, rotenone, caused increased cytosolic superoxide through release from the mitochondrial intermembrane space via voltage-dependent anion or Bax channels, but inhibition of these channels did not affect contraction-induced increases in cytosolic superoxide. Superoxides 150-160 BCL2-associated X protein Mus musculus 251-254 23201429-9 2013 SIGNIFICANCE: Indoxyl sulfate upregulated renal expression of ICAM-1 through production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide, and activation of NF-kappaB and p53 in proximal tubular cells. Superoxides 129-139 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 62-68 23011469-8 2013 The significantly higher superoxide generation (CTRL: 20 +- 2 vs. H: 28 +- 3 hydroethidine fluorescence intensity arbitrary units; P < 0.05) is prevented by pretreatment with the eNOS inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (CTRL: 21 +- 4 vs. H: 22 +- 4). Superoxides 25-35 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 182-186 23011469-9 2013 Taken together, the current data indicate a role for eNOS uncoupling in enhanced vascular superoxide, impaired endothelium-mediated vasodilatation, and decreased NO production in adult animals with programmed elevated blood pressure after a brief neonatal oxygen exposure. Superoxides 90-100 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 53-57 23123338-9 2013 In particular, 1 presents significant inhibitory activity on LOX, with IC(50)=30 muM and selectivity to the inhibition of superoxide anion radicals and thus a promising candidate as a superoxide dismutase (SOD) biomimetic. Superoxides 122-147 linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4 Glycine max 61-64 24072958-5 2013 We found that fluoride increased JNK phosphorylation level of BV-2 cells and pretreatment with JNK inhibitor SP600125 markedly reduced the levels of intracellular O2( -) and NO. Superoxides 163-165 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 95-98 23235558-9 2013 Interestingly, in the Ni-treated samples, sodB, encoding superoxide dismutase, was up-regulated, indicating the apparition of superoxide radicals due to the presence of Ni. Superoxides 57-67 superoxide dismutase [Fe] Pseudomonas putida KT2440 42-46 24066190-9 2013 Mitochondria are the main source of superoxide radicals, which are converted to H2O2 through two superoxide dismutases, Sod1 and Sod2. Superoxides 36-46 superoxide dismutase SOD2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 129-133 23124204-6 2012 When complex II is inhibited and mGPDH is the sole superoxide producer, the rate of superoxide production depends on the concentrations of glycerol 3-phosphate and calcium and correlates positively with the predicted reduction state of the ubiquinone pool. Superoxides 51-61 glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 33-38 23124204-6 2012 When complex II is inhibited and mGPDH is the sole superoxide producer, the rate of superoxide production depends on the concentrations of glycerol 3-phosphate and calcium and correlates positively with the predicted reduction state of the ubiquinone pool. Superoxides 84-94 glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 33-38 23124204-7 2012 mGPDH-specific superoxide production plateaus at a rate comparable with the other major sites of superoxide production in mitochondria, the superoxide-producing center shows no sign of being overreducible, and the maximum superoxide production rate correlates with mGPDH activity in four different tissues. Superoxides 15-25 glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 0-5 23124204-7 2012 mGPDH-specific superoxide production plateaus at a rate comparable with the other major sites of superoxide production in mitochondria, the superoxide-producing center shows no sign of being overreducible, and the maximum superoxide production rate correlates with mGPDH activity in four different tissues. Superoxides 97-107 glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 0-5 23124204-7 2012 mGPDH-specific superoxide production plateaus at a rate comparable with the other major sites of superoxide production in mitochondria, the superoxide-producing center shows no sign of being overreducible, and the maximum superoxide production rate correlates with mGPDH activity in four different tissues. Superoxides 97-107 glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 0-5 23124204-7 2012 mGPDH-specific superoxide production plateaus at a rate comparable with the other major sites of superoxide production in mitochondria, the superoxide-producing center shows no sign of being overreducible, and the maximum superoxide production rate correlates with mGPDH activity in four different tissues. Superoxides 97-107 glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 0-5 23124204-8 2012 mGPDH produces superoxide approximately equally toward each side of the mitochondrial inner membrane, suggesting that the Q-binding pocket of mGPDH is the major site of superoxide generation. Superoxides 15-25 glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 0-5 23124204-8 2012 mGPDH produces superoxide approximately equally toward each side of the mitochondrial inner membrane, suggesting that the Q-binding pocket of mGPDH is the major site of superoxide generation. Superoxides 15-25 glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 142-147 23124204-8 2012 mGPDH produces superoxide approximately equally toward each side of the mitochondrial inner membrane, suggesting that the Q-binding pocket of mGPDH is the major site of superoxide generation. Superoxides 169-179 glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 0-5 23124204-8 2012 mGPDH produces superoxide approximately equally toward each side of the mitochondrial inner membrane, suggesting that the Q-binding pocket of mGPDH is the major site of superoxide generation. Superoxides 169-179 glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 142-147 23124204-9 2012 These results clarify the maximum rate and mechanism of superoxide production by mGPDH. Superoxides 56-66 glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 81-86 31648572-7 2020 Abbreviations AKT protein kinase B ARMS alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma ATM ataxia telangiectasia mutated Bax Bcl-2-associated X protein Bcl-2 B-cell lymphoma 2 CDC2 cyclin-dependent kinase 2 Bcl-xL B-cell lymphoma-extra large c-FLIP cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein CDDP cisplatin COX-2 cyclooxygenase-2 cyt c cytochrome c DNA-PKcs DNA-dependent protein kinase EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor EMT epithelial-mesenchymal transition ERK extracellular signal-regulated kinase ES Ewing`s sarcoma ETS2 erythroblastosis virus transcription factor 2 GBM glioblastoma multiforme HCC hepatocellular carcinoma HNSCC head and neck squamous cell carcinoma IAP inhibitor of apoptosis protein IkappaBalpha inhibitor of kappaB alpha IKK inhibitor of kappaB kinase IR ionizing radiation lncRNA long non-coding RNA luc luciferase Mcl-1 myeloid cell leukemia-1 MDR1 multidrug resistance protein 1 miR microRNA MMP-9 matrix metalloproteinase-9 mTOR mammalian target of rapamycin NB neuroblastoma NF-kappaB nuclear factor-kappaB NPC nasopharyngeal carcinoma NSCLC non-small cell lung cancer OSCC oral squamous cell carcinoma PARP poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase pH2AX phosphorylated histone 2AX-immunoreactive PI3K phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase Prp4K Pre-mRNA processing factor 4 kinase RCC renal cell carcinoma ROS reactive oxygen species SCC squamous cell carcinoma SLN solid lipid nanoparticle SOD2 superoxide dismutase 2 TERT telomerase reverse transcriptase TNF-alpha tumor necrosis factor-alpha TxnRd1 thioredoxin reductase-1 VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor XIAP X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein DeltaPsim mitochondrial membrane potential. Superoxides 1386-1396 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 1381-1385 31736291-0 2019 Electric-Field-Enhanced Bulk Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy in GdFe/Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.7Ti0.3O3 Multiferroic Heterostructure. Superoxides 92-95 mucin 5B, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming Homo sapiens 74-77 31811262-9 2019 Taken together, our results suggest that eugenol inhibits the generation of superoxide anion by neutrophils via the inhibition of Raf/MEK/ERK1/2/p47phox-phosphorylation pathway. Superoxides 76-86 zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2 Homo sapiens 130-133 31245854-0 2019 Superoxide generation via the NR2B-NMDAR/RasGRF1/NOX2 pathway promotes dendritogenesis. Superoxides 0-10 glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B Homo sapiens 30-34 23682427-2 2012 AIF was proposed to be an important component of respiratory chain complex I that is the major producer of superoxide radical. Superoxides 107-125 apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 23682427-7 2012 Our results show that tumoral telomerase-positive (TP) AIF knockdown cell lines display significant increase in superoxide production in comparison to control cells, while a non-tumoral cell line and tumoral telomerase-negative cell lines with alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) show a decrease in superoxide production. Superoxides 112-122 apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 1 Homo sapiens 55-58 23682427-7 2012 Our results show that tumoral telomerase-positive (TP) AIF knockdown cell lines display significant increase in superoxide production in comparison to control cells, while a non-tumoral cell line and tumoral telomerase-negative cell lines with alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) show a decrease in superoxide production. Superoxides 306-316 apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 1 Homo sapiens 55-58 23682427-8 2012 According to these results, we can conclude that AIF knockdown disrupts function of complex I and therefore increases the superoxide production in mitochondria. Superoxides 122-132 apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 1 Homo sapiens 49-52 22933112-5 2012 Inhibition of either p38 with SB203580 or JNK with SP600125 reduced superoxide production and improved shear stress-induced dilation (SSID) in 3M, but not in 9M, diabetic mice. Superoxides 68-78 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 42-45 23065119-0 2012 Identification of superoxide production by Arabidopsis thaliana aldehyde oxidases AAO1 and AAO3. Superoxides 18-28 abscisic aldehyde oxidase 3 Arabidopsis thaliana 64-95 22758933-9 2012 Rat CPCs are resistant to superoxide-induced cell death, primarily through higher levels of SOD2 compared to adult cardiac-derived cells. Superoxides 26-36 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 92-96 22758933-10 2012 Exposure to superoxide increases expression of SOD2 in an Akt-dependent manner and regulates CPC survival during oxidative stress. Superoxides 12-22 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 47-51 31245854-11 2019 Together, our data indicate that superoxide production is induced by the NR2B-NMDARs/RasGRF1/NOX2 pathway and promotes dendritogenesis. Superoxides 33-43 glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B Homo sapiens 73-77 31663330-3 2019 Here, aliovalent Sm3+ doped 0.4Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-(0.6-x)PbZrO3-xPbTiO3 piezoelectric ceramics were fabricated by solid state method, where the optimized piezoelectric coefficient d33 = 910 pC/N, dielectric constant epsilonr = 4090 and Curie temperature TC =184 C, were obtained at x=0.352, being attributed to the synergistic contributions from the MPB and enhanced local structural heterogeneity. Superoxides 45-47 mucin 5B, oligomeric mucus/gel-forming Homo sapiens 34-37 31754457-7 2019 Interestingly, superoxide scavengers N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and Tempol, chemicals that reduce oxidative stress, were able to recover liver phenotypes, indicating that mTORC1 hyperactivation induced liver damage mainly through oxidative stress pathways. Superoxides 15-25 CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1 Mus musculus 167-173 23151036-11 2012 DEP effects were mediated by: (1) increased ROS including superoxide anion (O(2)( -)), related to increased xanthine dehydrogenase expression and reduced cytosolic superoxide dismutase activity; and (2) increased peroxynitrite generation related to interaction of O(2)( -) with cytokine-induced NO. Superoxides 58-74 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 108-130 23151036-11 2012 DEP effects were mediated by: (1) increased ROS including superoxide anion (O(2)( -)), related to increased xanthine dehydrogenase expression and reduced cytosolic superoxide dismutase activity; and (2) increased peroxynitrite generation related to interaction of O(2)( -) with cytokine-induced NO. Superoxides 76-80 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 108-130 31591207-1 2019 Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2) suppresses tumor initiation but promotes invasion and dissemination of tumor cells at later stages of the disease. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 36-40 22922699-11 2012 Of interest, expression of cellular iron transport proteins, transferrin receptor 1, and divalent metal transporter 1 was increased in the CKD renal tubules, along with increased iron accumulation, superoxide production, and urinary iron excretion. Superoxides 198-208 RoBo-1 Rattus norvegicus 89-117 22687340-4 2012 RESULTS: In isolated mitochondria and primary hepatocytes, superoxide scavenging by SOD mimetics or purified SOD decreased superoxide and peroxynitrite generation but increased H(2)O(2) following mGSH depletion, despite mitochondrial peroxiredoxin/thioredoxin defense. Superoxides 59-69 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 248-259 22687340-6 2012 Mice fed the methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet or MAT1A(-/-) mice exhibited reduced SOD2 activity; in vivo treatment with SOD mimetics increased liver damage, inflammation, and fibrosis, despite a decreased superoxide and 3-nitrotyrosine immunoreactivity, effects that were ameliorated by mGSH replenishment with GSHee, but not NAC. Superoxides 213-223 methionine adenosyltransferase I, alpha Mus musculus 56-61 31693344-3 2019 We focus on the properties of two "crosstalk" intermediates, SNO- (thionitrite) and SSNO- (perthionitrite, nitrosodisulfide) based in the largely controversial status on their identity and chemistry in aqueous/nonaqueous media, en route to the final products N2O, NO2-, NH2OH/NH3, and S8. Superoxides 259-262 strawberry notch homolog 1 Homo sapiens 61-64 31595739-2 2019 Herein, CeO2/SnS2 heterostructures were synthesized and applied as novel coreaction accelerator to enhance the ECL efficiency of luminol-dissolved O2 system for the first time. Superoxides 10-12 sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 11 Homo sapiens 13-17 22740163-2 2012 Among three isozymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), extracellular (EC)-SOD, known to be excreted outside cells and bound to extracellular matrix, should play a role to detoxify O(2) (-) in extracellular space; however, a little is known about EC-SOD in brain. Superoxides 177-181 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 52-74 22740163-2 2012 Among three isozymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), extracellular (EC)-SOD, known to be excreted outside cells and bound to extracellular matrix, should play a role to detoxify O(2) (-) in extracellular space; however, a little is known about EC-SOD in brain. Superoxides 177-181 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 243-249 22740163-8 2012 These results suggest that EC-SOD of astrocyte play a role for detoxification of extracellular O(2) (-) and the regulation of EC-SOD in astrocytes may contribute to the defensive mechanism against oxidative stress in brain. Superoxides 95-99 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 27-33 22925659-5 2012 Nox2- and Nox4-specific siRNAs suppressed H2O2 and superoxide generation. Superoxides 51-61 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 0-4 31595739-4 2019 CeO2/SnS2 as a electroactive substrate can remarkably accelerate the generation of abundant superoxide anion radicals (O2 -) to react with luminol anion radical (L -), achieving about 2-fold stronger ECL intensity than pure CeO2 NPs. Superoxides 92-102 sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 11 Homo sapiens 5-9 22965909-3 2012 Here, we report that Crb restricts Rac1-NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production in epithelia and photoreceptor cells. Superoxides 64-74 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 35-39 31595739-4 2019 CeO2/SnS2 as a electroactive substrate can remarkably accelerate the generation of abundant superoxide anion radicals (O2 -) to react with luminol anion radical (L -), achieving about 2-fold stronger ECL intensity than pure CeO2 NPs. Superoxides 2-4 sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 11 Homo sapiens 5-9 32055224-8 2019 IGF-1 also significantly induced the phosphorylation of v-Akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog 1 (AKT) in the hypothalamus of chicks, but did not influence the phosphorylation of forkhead box O1, S6 protein, AMP-activated protein kinase, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Superoxides 197-199 insulin-like growth factor 1 Mus musculus 0-5 31629402-7 2019 SOD2 in the resistant cells functionally determined the cell fate by limiting TMZ-stimulated superoxide reaction and cleavage of caspase-3. Superoxides 93-103 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 22707562-9 2012 Interestingly, IL-11 reduced superoxide production assessed by in situ dihydroethidium fluorescence analysis, accompanied by the increased expression of metallothionein 1 and 2, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers. Superoxides 29-39 interleukin 11 Mus musculus 15-20 31629402-10 2019 The CD133+ specific subsets in the resistant cells exhibited superior superoxide regulation and the SOD2-related caspase-3 reaction. Superoxides 70-80 prominin 1 Homo sapiens 4-9 22636674-10 2012 Continuous infusion of ANG II for 7 days induced carotid artery hyperplasia in rats via AT(1) and was associated with increased AT(1)/Nox1 binding (despite lower AT(1) levels); increased DPI-inhibitable superoxide production; increased phospho-IKKbeta, JNK, p65, and c-Jun; and induction of IL-18 and MMP-9 in endothelium-denuded carotid arteries. Superoxides 203-213 angiogenin Rattus norvegicus 23-26 31871961-4 2019 Furthermore, As2O3 decreased the transcription factor STAT3 mRNA expression of Th17 cells but increased the transcription factor Foxp3 of Treg cells. Superoxides 13-18 forkhead box P3 Homo sapiens 129-134 31550857-0 2019 [PDCD4 enhances the inhibitory effect of As(2)O(3) on the growth and NF-kappaB signaling pathway in neuroblastoma cells]. Superoxides 41-50 programmed cell death 4 Homo sapiens 1-6 31550857-1 2019 Objective: To investigate the inhibitory effect of programmed cell death factor 4 (PDCD4) on arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3))-induced cell growth and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) signaling pathway in neuroblastoma. Superoxides 110-121 programmed cell death 4 Homo sapiens 83-88 22849356-7 2012 The effects of microinjection bilaterally into CA3 area of a PPARgamma agonist, rosiglitazone or a PPARgamma antagonist, GW9662 on UCP2 expression, induced superoxide anion (O( 2)(-)) production, oxidized protein level, mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activities, translocation of Bcl-2, Bax and cytochrome c, and DNA fragmentation in bilateral CA3 subfields were examined. Superoxides 156-172 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma Rattus norvegicus 61-70 22849356-7 2012 The effects of microinjection bilaterally into CA3 area of a PPARgamma agonist, rosiglitazone or a PPARgamma antagonist, GW9662 on UCP2 expression, induced superoxide anion (O( 2)(-)) production, oxidized protein level, mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activities, translocation of Bcl-2, Bax and cytochrome c, and DNA fragmentation in bilateral CA3 subfields were examined. Superoxides 156-172 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma Rattus norvegicus 99-108 31550857-3 2019 As(2)O(3) was used to treat PDCD4 overexpressing neuroblastoma cells. Superoxides 0-9 programmed cell death 4 Homo sapiens 28-33 31550857-9 2019 The cell survival rates of the control group, PDCD4 group, As(2)O(3) group and As(2)O(3)+ PDCD4 group were 100%, (72.14+-5.20)%, (62.58+-3.14)% and (40.87+-2.47)%, respectively. Superoxides 79-89 programmed cell death 4 Homo sapiens 90-95 31550857-12 2019 Therefore, overexpression of PDCD4 in the absence or presence of As(2)O(3) inhibited cell proliferation and clone formation ability, while promoted apoptosis. Superoxides 65-74 programmed cell death 4 Homo sapiens 29-34 31550857-13 2019 Furthermore, the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3 in the control group, PDCD4 group, As(2)O(3) group and As(2)O(3)+ PDCD4 group were 0.21+-0.03, 0.30+-0.02, 0.43+-0.05 and 0.57+-0.06, respectively. Superoxides 111-121 programmed cell death 4 Homo sapiens 122-127 31550857-15 2019 Compared with the control group, the expression levels of NF-kappaB p65 protein in PDCD4 group, As(2)O(3) group and As(2)O(3)+ PDCD4 group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), whereas the expression level of cleaved Caspase-3 protein was significantly increased (P<0.05). Superoxides 96-105 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 58-71 31550857-15 2019 Compared with the control group, the expression levels of NF-kappaB p65 protein in PDCD4 group, As(2)O(3) group and As(2)O(3)+ PDCD4 group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), whereas the expression level of cleaved Caspase-3 protein was significantly increased (P<0.05). Superoxides 116-126 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 58-71 31550857-15 2019 Compared with the control group, the expression levels of NF-kappaB p65 protein in PDCD4 group, As(2)O(3) group and As(2)O(3)+ PDCD4 group were significantly decreased (P<0.05), whereas the expression level of cleaved Caspase-3 protein was significantly increased (P<0.05). Superoxides 116-126 programmed cell death 4 Homo sapiens 127-132 31550857-16 2019 The changes in As(2)O(3)+ PDCD4 group were more significant than those in PDCD4 group and As(2)O(3) groups (both P<0.05). Superoxides 15-25 programmed cell death 4 Homo sapiens 26-31 22562603-3 2012 The primordial ROS (superoxide) is generated by the reduction of molecular oxygen by NADPH via redox centers located on Nox2. Superoxides 20-30 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 120-124 31550857-16 2019 The changes in As(2)O(3)+ PDCD4 group were more significant than those in PDCD4 group and As(2)O(3) groups (both P<0.05). Superoxides 15-24 programmed cell death 4 Homo sapiens 26-31 31550857-17 2019 Conclusion: PDCD4 enhances the inhibitory effect of As(2)O(3) on the growth and NF-kappaB signaling pathway in neuroblastoma cells. Superoxides 52-61 programmed cell death 4 Homo sapiens 12-17 31506286-5 2019 Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) is a mitochondrial-specific antioxidant enzyme that dismutates superoxide to hydrogen peroxide, which is then converted to water by catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Superoxides 93-103 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-22 31506286-5 2019 Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) is a mitochondrial-specific antioxidant enzyme that dismutates superoxide to hydrogen peroxide, which is then converted to water by catalase and glutathione peroxidase. Superoxides 93-103 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 24-28 31477743-11 2019 These data demonstrate that previously unrecognized broad disturbances of cellular function are involved in the pathophysiology of ETHE1 and MOCS1 deficiencies, and that reduction of mitochondrial superoxide by JP4-039 is a promising strategy for adjuvant therapy of these disorders. Superoxides 197-207 ETHE1 persulfide dioxygenase Homo sapiens 131-136 22237943-2 2012 Abeta induces the inflammatory activation of glia, inducing secretion of Interleukin 1beta (IL1beta), nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide radicals. Superoxides 124-134 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 0-5 31125883-5 2019 Further, root dipping treatment of H2O2 to plants under stress and stress-free conditions enhanced accumulation of proline and activity of catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, whereas production of superoxide radical (O2 ) and H2O2 were decreased. Superoxides 37-39 catalase isozyme 1 Solanum lycopersicum 139-147 22587396-3 2012 In experiments with purified wild-type Trx1 and its double mutant (32S/35S Trx1), we found that incubation of Trx1 with 1,2-NQ resulted in a redox cycling reaction, generating superoxide and hydrogen peroxide involving Cys32 and Cys35 and an arylation reaction resulting in covalent modification of Lys85 together with a loss of Trx activity. Superoxides 176-186 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 39-43 22587396-3 2012 In experiments with purified wild-type Trx1 and its double mutant (32S/35S Trx1), we found that incubation of Trx1 with 1,2-NQ resulted in a redox cycling reaction, generating superoxide and hydrogen peroxide involving Cys32 and Cys35 and an arylation reaction resulting in covalent modification of Lys85 together with a loss of Trx activity. Superoxides 176-186 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 39-42 31125883-5 2019 Further, root dipping treatment of H2O2 to plants under stress and stress-free conditions enhanced accumulation of proline and activity of catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, whereas production of superoxide radical (O2 ) and H2O2 were decreased. Superoxides 37-39 peroxidase Solanum lycopersicum 149-159 22802702-4 2012 Tat-mediated p66shc transduction showed increased hydrogen peroxide and superoxide production, compared with Tat-p66shc (S/A), serine 36 residue mutant of p66shc. Superoxides 72-82 src homology 2 domain-containing transforming protein C1 Mus musculus 13-19 31349119-1 2019 The phagocyte NADPH oxidase (the NOX2 complex) generates superoxide, the precursor to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxides 57-67 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 33-37 31575244-2 2019 The concentrator with a movable magnetic plate can enable the DC bias magnetic field (Hdc) to become tunable to meet the needed optimal Hdc of Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9/Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 and to reduce the magnetoresistance of the magnetic loop. Superoxides 173-175 histidine decarboxylase Homo sapiens 86-89 22586098-6 2012 Here we show that one of the nine ORFs (YGL160W, AIM14) encodes a genuine NADPH oxidase, which is located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and produces superoxide in a NADPH-dependent fashion. Superoxides 153-163 putative metalloreductase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 49-54 22098189-12 2012 CONCLUSION: We provide evidence that dopaminergic neurons are equipped with the Nox1/Rac1 superoxide-generating system. Superoxides 90-100 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 85-89 31153640-5 2019 Both the basal and cisplatin-induced mitochondrial superoxide were inhibited by NOS1, and the cisplatin-induced apoptosis was also inhibited by NOS1. Superoxides 51-61 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 80-84 31153640-7 2019 Importantly, SIRT3 activity was enhanced by NOS1, which contributes to the low level of mitochondrial superoxide and apoptosis resistance. Superoxides 102-112 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 22345574-5 2012 Surprisingly, at a pH of ~7, N-PCN was more reactive than PCN with respect to NADH oxidation but resulted in a similar magnitude of superoxide production as detected by electron paramagnetic resonance and spin trapping experiments. Superoxides 132-142 cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 11 Mus musculus 31-34 22345574-6 2012 When incubated with Escherichia coli or lung A549 cells, PCN and N-PCN both led to superoxide formation, but lesser amounts were detected with N-PCN. Superoxides 83-93 cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 11 Mus musculus 57-60 22345574-6 2012 When incubated with Escherichia coli or lung A549 cells, PCN and N-PCN both led to superoxide formation, but lesser amounts were detected with N-PCN. Superoxides 83-93 cytochrome P450, family 3, subfamily a, polypeptide 11 Mus musculus 67-70 31428230-7 2019 Our results indicate that OP is able to induce apoptosis in A549 cells through the upregulation of mitochondrial Glo2 (mGlo2), mediated by the superoxide anion and Akt signaling pathway. Superoxides 143-159 hydroxyacylglutathione hydrolase Homo sapiens 113-117 22431727-9 2012 The abundance of LHCBM1 and LHCBM2/7 is in both cases correlated with resistance to superoxide anion, whereas only LHCBM1 is also involved in singlet oxygen scavenging. Superoxides 84-100 uncharacterized protein Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 28-36 22402099-2 2012 A chemiluminescence (CL) method using a luminol analog, L-012, showed that both PM and PG scavenge superoxide produced by hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase system in a concentration-dependent manner. Superoxides 99-109 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 135-151 22278940-4 2012 Our principal aim in this study was to investigate whether superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase1 (Nox1) is involved in NRX-regulated Wnt signaling in intestinal and colon epithelial cells. Superoxides 59-69 nucleoredoxin Mus musculus 118-121 22361747-6 2012 Optimal expression of IFN-alpha/beta is not solely dependent on superoxide synthesis, but requires p47(phox) to function in a NOX-independent manner to mediate type I interferon synthesis. Superoxides 64-74 interferon alpha Mus musculus 22-31 22406435-9 2012 The effect of Nox1 is independent of the changes in VCAM-1 and iNOS expression, but depends on the inactivation of nitric oxide via generation of superoxide anion. Superoxides 146-162 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 14-18 31576217-3 2019 Moreover, X-ray diffraction at 100 K under a high pressure of dioxygen, a physiological ligand of Ngb, unravelled the existence of a storage site for O2 in Ngb which coincides with Xe-III, a previously described docking site for xenon or krypton. Superoxides 150-152 neuroglobin Mus musculus 98-101 31576217-3 2019 Moreover, X-ray diffraction at 100 K under a high pressure of dioxygen, a physiological ligand of Ngb, unravelled the existence of a storage site for O2 in Ngb which coincides with Xe-III, a previously described docking site for xenon or krypton. Superoxides 150-152 neuroglobin Mus musculus 156-159 31216990-10 2019 Besides, both SAA1 siRNA and NOX-4 siRNA could not only enhance the O2- production and NADPH oxidase activity, but also up-regulate the protein expression of NOX4, the release of inflammatory factors, and the levels of p-p38 and p-NF-kappaB p65 in LPS-induced VSMCs. Superoxides 68-70 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 29-34 31588297-6 2019 Compared with the commercially available methylene blue (MB), syn-5al exhibits a better ability (Phi Delta = 0.61) to sensitize singlet oxygen (1O2) when irradiated with a 680 nm laser beam, and has potential as a photodynamic therapy (PDT) photosensitizer in the body"s therapeutic window (650-900 nm). Superoxides 144-147 syntrophin gamma 2 Homo sapiens 62-67 22652060-5 2012 The abo6 mutant accumulated more ROS in mitochondria, as established using a mitochondrial superoxide indicator, circularly permuted yellow fluorescent protein. Superoxides 91-101 DEA(D/H)-box RNA helicase family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 4-8 22291013-5 2012 Consistent with our previous overexpression studies, we found that H(2)O(2)-induced superoxide production by primary sperm cells was mediated by the non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Abl. Superoxides 84-94 ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 178-183 22240151-8 2012 Administration of AAV-SOD2 significantly reduced the levels of superoxide ion, MDA, 8-OHdG, and nitrotyrosine and prevented the damage to RGCs and IPL. Superoxides 63-73 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 22-26 30924279-5 2019 Persulfidation of TTP required O2 , which reacts with H2 S to form superoxide, as detected by ESI-MS, a hydroethidine fluorescence assay, and EPR spin trapping. Superoxides 31-33 ZFP36 ring finger protein Homo sapiens 18-21 22437533-5 2012 Using nitroblue tetrazolium and hydrogen peroxide assays, we showed that sugar ligand-bound conglutinin stimulated the production of superoxide and H2O2 in granulocytes whereas the non-sugar-bound form of conglutinin inhibited these processes. Superoxides 133-143 conglutinin Bos taurus 92-103 21315745-1 2012 Oxidative stress, in response to the activation of the superoxide-producing enzyme Nox2, has been implicated in the schizophrenia-like behavioral dysfunction that develops in animals that were subject to either neonatal NMDA receptor-antagonist treatment or social isolation. Superoxides 55-65 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 83-87 22340895-0 2012 Naloxone inhibits immune cell function by suppressing superoxide production through a direct interaction with gp91phox subunit of NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 54-64 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 110-118 22340895-11 2012 CONCLUSIONS: Strong evidence is provided indicating that NOX2 is a non-opioid novel binding site for naloxone, which is critical in mediating its inhibitory effect on microglia overactivation and superoxide production. Superoxides 196-206 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 57-61 22157766-8 2012 In conclusion, cyt b(558) depends on clathrin for internalization, and in activated macrophages NADPH oxidase occupies a Rab27A/B-regulated secretory compartment, which allows rapid agonist-induced redistribution of superoxide production in the cell. Superoxides 216-226 RAB27A, member RAS oncogene family Homo sapiens 121-129 22196056-3 2012 Our recent studies revealed that the dioxygenase reaction catalyzed by hIDO and TDO is initiated by addition of the ferric iron-bound superoxide to the C(2) C(3) bond of Trp to form a ferryl and Trp-epoxide intermediate, via a 2-indolenylperoxo radical transition state. Superoxides 134-144 tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase Homo sapiens 80-83 30924279-5 2019 Persulfidation of TTP required O2 , which reacts with H2 S to form superoxide, as detected by ESI-MS, a hydroethidine fluorescence assay, and EPR spin trapping. Superoxides 68-78 ZFP36 ring finger protein Homo sapiens 18-21 30667543-0 2019 TREM-1 regulates neutrophil chemotaxis by promoting NOX-dependent superoxide production. Superoxides 66-76 triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 Mus musculus 0-6 30667543-8 2019 Using electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, we demonstrated that NOX2-dependent superoxide production is impaired in TREM-1-deficient neutrophils. Superoxides 88-98 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 73-77 30995985-2 2019 Some studies have suggested a role for superoxide derived from Nox2 NADPH oxidase in platelet activation and thrombosis, but data are conflicting. Superoxides 39-49 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 63-67 30051353-9 2019 Mechanistic studies revealed that increase in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-2 (NOX2)-dependent superoxide/reactive oxygen species (ROS) production plays a key role in both LPS- and DSP-4-elicited neurotoxicity. Superoxides 125-135 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 46-107 30051353-9 2019 Mechanistic studies revealed that increase in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase-2 (NOX2)-dependent superoxide/reactive oxygen species (ROS) production plays a key role in both LPS- and DSP-4-elicited neurotoxicity. Superoxides 125-135 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 109-113 30508577-5 2019 In adults, this increased generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) activate redox-sensitive transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB), activator protein-1 (AP1) and heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), resulting in increases in cytoprotective proteins such as the superoxide dismutases, catalase and heat shock proteins that prevent oxidative damage to tissues and facilitate remodelling and proteostasis in both an intra- and inter-cellular manner. Superoxides 293-303 heat shock transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 203-222 30508577-5 2019 In adults, this increased generation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) activate redox-sensitive transcription factors such as nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB), activator protein-1 (AP1) and heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), resulting in increases in cytoprotective proteins such as the superoxide dismutases, catalase and heat shock proteins that prevent oxidative damage to tissues and facilitate remodelling and proteostasis in both an intra- and inter-cellular manner. Superoxides 293-303 heat shock transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 224-228 30401703-6 2019 Next, we find that the leukemia-driven senescent tumor microenvironment is caused by AML-induced NOX2-derived superoxide. Superoxides 110-120 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 97-101 30401703-8 2019 Together, these data identify leukemia-generated NOX2-derived superoxide as a driver of protumoral p16INK4a-dependent senescence in BM stromal cells. Superoxides 62-72 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 49-53 30498063-7 2019 Loss of p62 significantly delayed removal of dysfunctional mitochondria, increased mitochondrial superoxide levels, and impaired mitochondrial respiration. Superoxides 97-107 sequestosome 1 Mus musculus 8-11 30925854-0 2019 Identification of in vitro effect of 4-octylphenol on the basal and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulated secretion of androgens and superoxide radicals in mouse Leydig cells. Superoxides 141-160 chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5 Homo sapiens 98-101 30192630-8 2018 Similarly, superoxide/CS levels were lower in young (0.07 +- 0.01) than old (0.19 +- 0.41) subjects and correlated with age ( r = 0.44, P < 0.05). Superoxides 11-21 citrate synthase Homo sapiens 22-24 22593641-12 2012 Upon activation, NADPH oxidase 2 generates a burst of superoxide in neutrophils that leads to killing of microbes during phagocytosis. Superoxides 54-64 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 17-32 30273834-5 2018 These nanocarriers targeted to caveolar Plasmalemmal Vesicle-Associated Protein (Plvap) deliver superoxide dismutase (SOD) into endosomes in endothelial cells, the specific site of influx of superoxide mediating by such pro-inflammatory signaling as some cytokines and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Superoxides 96-106 plasmalemma vesicle associated protein Homo sapiens 40-79 30273834-5 2018 These nanocarriers targeted to caveolar Plasmalemmal Vesicle-Associated Protein (Plvap) deliver superoxide dismutase (SOD) into endosomes in endothelial cells, the specific site of influx of superoxide mediating by such pro-inflammatory signaling as some cytokines and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Superoxides 96-106 plasmalemma vesicle associated protein Homo sapiens 81-86 21721906-4 2012 METHODS: Intraperitoneal administration of CCl4 induces intracellular superoxide anions production in mouse macrophages and peripheral blood lymphocytes and leads a subsequent lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation. Superoxides 70-87 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 43-47 30193891-7 2018 MnSOD then converts superoxide into hydrogen peroxide, which activates ERK1/2 to promote tumor cell migration and activates FAK to promote tumor cell adhesion. Superoxides 20-30 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-5 30193891-7 2018 MnSOD then converts superoxide into hydrogen peroxide, which activates ERK1/2 to promote tumor cell migration and activates FAK to promote tumor cell adhesion. Superoxides 20-30 protein tyrosine kinase 2 Homo sapiens 124-127 30066461-6 2018 In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the redistribution of active nNOS molecules from sarcolemma to sarcoplasm not only is ahead of the atrophy of unloaded myofibers, and is induced by increased production of mitochondrial superoxide anion, but also drives FoxO3 activation to initiate muscle atrophy. Superoxides 230-246 forkhead box O3 Rattus norvegicus 264-269 22203737-8 2012 The PKC inhibitor calphostin C (1 mumol/L) or the PKCalpha/beta inhibitor Go6976 (1 mumol/L) decreased furosemide-sensitive O(2) consumption in both groups, achieving values that did not differ between sham and diabetic. Superoxides 124-128 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 50-58 22203737-11 2012 We conclude that NADPH oxidase and PKC (primarily PKCalpha) contribute to an increase in O(2) consumption by the mTAL during type 1 diabetes through effects on the ouabain-sensitive Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase and furosemide-sensitive Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransporter that are primarily responsible for active transport Na(+) reabsorption by this nephron segment. Superoxides 89-93 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 50-58 30454704-8 2018 Moreover, TLR2 gene silence could ameliorate oxidative stress-induced apoptosis, evidences were the up-regulated superoxide generation and Bax/Bcl-2 expression while restrained GSH/GSSG ratio caused by diabetic cardiomyopathy were tremendously repressed in TLR2 KO mice. Superoxides 113-123 toll-like receptor 2 Mus musculus 10-14 30068899-2 2018 Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of uric acid from hypoxanthine and xanthine, leading to an increase in superoxide and reactive oxygen species. Superoxides 143-153 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-23 30068899-2 2018 Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of uric acid from hypoxanthine and xanthine, leading to an increase in superoxide and reactive oxygen species. Superoxides 143-153 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 25-28 30486606-4 2018 Low antioxidant MnSOD level in breast cancer cell line MCF-7 leads to low concentration of hydrogenperoxide, because antioxidant MnSOD will convert radical superoxide to hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 156-166 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 16-21 30486606-4 2018 Low antioxidant MnSOD level in breast cancer cell line MCF-7 leads to low concentration of hydrogenperoxide, because antioxidant MnSOD will convert radical superoxide to hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 156-166 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 129-134 30504838-1 2018 NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDAR) trigger superoxide production by neuronal NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX2), which if sustained leads to cell death. Superoxides 46-56 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 80-95 30504838-1 2018 NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDAR) trigger superoxide production by neuronal NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX2), which if sustained leads to cell death. Superoxides 46-56 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 97-101 30110572-0 2018 Superoxide via Sp3 mechanism increases renal renin activity, renal AT1 receptor function, and blood pressure in rats. Superoxides 0-10 renin Rattus norvegicus 45-50 29351723-10 2018 Switching off/on the UCP2 protonophoretic function might serve as redox signaling either by employing/releasing the extra capacity of cell antioxidant systems or by directly increasing/decreasing mitochondrial superoxide sources. Superoxides 210-220 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 21-25 28601846-6 2018 RESULTS: The impaired superoxide production by patients" neutrophils was associated with a severe deficient expression of the NADPH oxidase catalytic core flavocytochrome-b558 (gp91 phox /NOX2 and p22 phox ), its cytosolic partner p47 phox but not p67 phox . Superoxides 22-32 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 248-256 30037352-2 2018 Although mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2) is the principal defence against the toxicity of superoxide anions, the mechanism of its inactivation in diabetic subjects is still poorly understood. Superoxides 100-117 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 45-49 29604396-5 2018 Moreover AOX AS also exhibited an increase in superoxide and therefore peroxynitrite, tyrosine nitration suggesting that scavenging of NO by AOX can prevent toxic peroxynitrite formation under normoxia. Superoxides 46-56 alternative oxidase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 9-12 29604396-5 2018 Moreover AOX AS also exhibited an increase in superoxide and therefore peroxynitrite, tyrosine nitration suggesting that scavenging of NO by AOX can prevent toxic peroxynitrite formation under normoxia. Superoxides 46-56 alternative oxidase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 141-144 31565647-6 2018 Moreover, RQ-PCR analysis revealed that the enhanced cytotoxic effect of As2O3 in the presence of melatonin is mediated, at least partly, through suppressing the expression of NF-kappaB anti-apoptotic target genes such as MCL-1, BCL-2, survivin, XIAP, and c-IAP1 in breast cancer cells. Superoxides 73-78 baculoviral IAP repeat containing 2 Homo sapiens 256-262 29718541-0 2018 Differential cell surface recruitment of the superoxide-producing NADPH oxidases Nox1, Nox2 and Nox5: The role of the small GTPase Sar1. Superoxides 45-55 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 81-85 22286229-2 2012 In the current study, transcription of DREB2C, a class 2 Arabidopsis DREB, was induced by a superoxide anion propagator, methyl viologen (MV). Superoxides 92-108 Integrase-type DNA-binding superfamily protein Arabidopsis thaliana 39-45 29609020-2 2018 We here report on NOX1, a non-phagocytic isoform of superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase, which promotes cardiac fibrosis in a drug-induced myocardial injury model. Superoxides 52-62 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 18-22 29867936-9 2018 On the other hand, superoxide production in heart homogenates was elevated already in 6-month-old Tgalphaq*44 mice and progressively increased to high levels in 14-month-old Tgalphaq*44 mice, while the enzymatic activity of catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase was all elevated as early as in 4-month-old Tgalphaq*44 mice and stayed at a similar level in 14-month-old Tgalphaq*44. Superoxides 19-29 glutathione reductase Mus musculus 234-255 29210363-5 2018 The ROS level was dependent on the nitric oxide and superoxide producers iNOS and NOX1, respectively, suggesting peroxynitrite as the effector molecule. Superoxides 52-62 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 82-86 21967515-7 2012 Furthermore, we demonstrated that Nox2 (NADPH oxidase 2)-generated H2O2 regulated mitochondria-derived superoxide production, which suggests the importance of cross-talk between Nox2-dependent H2O2 production and mitochondrial superoxide production. Superoxides 103-113 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 34-38 29185481-7 2018 These findings suggest that interactions between METH and the sigma receptor lead to oxidative species (most likely superoxide) that in turn oxidize VMAT2. Superoxides 116-126 solute carrier family 18 member A2 Homo sapiens 149-154 21967515-7 2012 Furthermore, we demonstrated that Nox2 (NADPH oxidase 2)-generated H2O2 regulated mitochondria-derived superoxide production, which suggests the importance of cross-talk between Nox2-dependent H2O2 production and mitochondrial superoxide production. Superoxides 103-113 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 40-55 21967515-7 2012 Furthermore, we demonstrated that Nox2 (NADPH oxidase 2)-generated H2O2 regulated mitochondria-derived superoxide production, which suggests the importance of cross-talk between Nox2-dependent H2O2 production and mitochondrial superoxide production. Superoxides 103-113 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 178-182 21967515-7 2012 Furthermore, we demonstrated that Nox2 (NADPH oxidase 2)-generated H2O2 regulated mitochondria-derived superoxide production, which suggests the importance of cross-talk between Nox2-dependent H2O2 production and mitochondrial superoxide production. Superoxides 227-237 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 34-38 21967515-7 2012 Furthermore, we demonstrated that Nox2 (NADPH oxidase 2)-generated H2O2 regulated mitochondria-derived superoxide production, which suggests the importance of cross-talk between Nox2-dependent H2O2 production and mitochondrial superoxide production. Superoxides 227-237 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 40-55 23080136-3 2012 HIF-1 activates transcription of the Nox2 gene, encoding NADPH oxidase 2, which generates superoxide. Superoxides 90-100 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 37-41 29459008-1 2018 BACKGROUND: Superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2, OMIM: 147460) is involved in the detoxification of superoxide anions. Superoxides 93-110 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 12-34 23080136-3 2012 HIF-1 activates transcription of the Nox2 gene, encoding NADPH oxidase 2, which generates superoxide. Superoxides 90-100 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 57-72 22041456-0 2012 Genomic instability induced by mutant succinate dehydrogenase subunit D (SDHD) is mediated by O2(- ) and H2O2. Superoxides 94-96 succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit D Homo sapiens 38-71 22041456-0 2012 Genomic instability induced by mutant succinate dehydrogenase subunit D (SDHD) is mediated by O2(- ) and H2O2. Superoxides 94-96 succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit D Homo sapiens 73-77 22041456-3 2012 Stable expression of mutant SDHD resulted in 2-fold increases in steady-state levels of superoxide that were accompanied by a significantly increased mutation rate as well as a 70-fold increase in mutation frequency at the hprt locus. Superoxides 88-98 succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit D Homo sapiens 28-32 22041456-7 2012 These results demonstrate that mutations in SDHD cause increased steady-state levels of superoxide which significantly contributed to increases in mutation rates and frequency mediated by superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 88-98 succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit D Homo sapiens 44-48 22041456-7 2012 These results demonstrate that mutations in SDHD cause increased steady-state levels of superoxide which significantly contributed to increases in mutation rates and frequency mediated by superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 188-198 succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit D Homo sapiens 44-48 29459008-1 2018 BACKGROUND: Superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2, OMIM: 147460) is involved in the detoxification of superoxide anions. Superoxides 93-110 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 36-40 29531225-9 2018 Intriguingly, PON2 reduces c-Jun-mediated transcriptional activation of IGF-1 gene by decreasing mitochondrial superoxide generation. Superoxides 111-121 jun proto-oncogene Mus musculus 27-32 22062629-4 2012 Because of its subcellular localization, SOD2 is considered the first line of defense against oxidative stress and plays a central role in metabolizing superoxide. Superoxides 152-162 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 41-45 22062629-5 2012 Because mitochondria are the most important sources of superoxide anion, we speculated that SOD2 may have therapeutic benefits in preventing vascular remodeling. Superoxides 55-71 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 92-96 22062629-9 2012 SOD2 exerts its inhibitory effect on VSMC migration induced by angiotensin II by scavenging superoxide anion and suppressing the phosphorylation of Akt. Superoxides 92-108 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 29531225-9 2018 Intriguingly, PON2 reduces c-Jun-mediated transcriptional activation of IGF-1 gene by decreasing mitochondrial superoxide generation. Superoxides 111-121 insulin-like growth factor 1 Mus musculus 72-77 29581864-8 2018 Resistance of Gal-3low/negative cells was associated with increased production of superoxide and activation of the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress response, as evaluated by accumulation of GRP78. Superoxides 82-92 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 14-19 21965300-6 2012 Over-expression of wild-type GDAP1, but not of GDAP1 with recessively inherited mutations that cause disease and reduce fission activity, increased the total cellular GHS content and the mitochondrial membrane potential up to a level where it apparently limits mitochondrial respiration, leading to reduced mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake and superoxide production. Superoxides 339-349 ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated-protein 1 Mus musculus 29-34 22848833-0 2012 Chronic C-Type Natriuretic Peptide Infusion Attenuates Angiotensin II-Induced Myocardial Superoxide Production and Cardiac Remodeling. Superoxides 89-99 natriuretic peptide type C Mus musculus 8-34 22848833-2 2012 C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is an endothelium-derived cardioprotective factor, although its effect on cardiac superoxide generation has not been investigated in vivo. Superoxides 115-125 natriuretic peptide type C Mus musculus 0-26 22848833-2 2012 C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is an endothelium-derived cardioprotective factor, although its effect on cardiac superoxide generation has not been investigated in vivo. Superoxides 115-125 natriuretic peptide type C Mus musculus 28-31 22848833-3 2012 This study tested the hypothesis that suppression of superoxide production contributes to the cardioprotective action of CNP. Superoxides 53-63 natriuretic peptide type C Mus musculus 121-124 22848833-10 2012 Finally, CNP decreased Ang II-induced cardiac superoxide production. Superoxides 46-56 natriuretic peptide type C Mus musculus 9-12 22848833-12 2012 Our data indicate that treatment with CNP attenuated Ang II-induced cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and contractile dysfunction which were accompanied by reduced cardiac superoxide production. Superoxides 169-179 natriuretic peptide type C Mus musculus 38-41 22072507-4 2012 Adenoviral MnSOD (Ad.MnSOD) gene transfection (50 multiplicity of infection) into the nodose neurons normalized the MnSOD expression and reduced the elevation of mitochondrial superoxide in the nodose neurons from CHF rats. Superoxides 176-186 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 11-16 22072507-4 2012 Adenoviral MnSOD (Ad.MnSOD) gene transfection (50 multiplicity of infection) into the nodose neurons normalized the MnSOD expression and reduced the elevation of mitochondrial superoxide in the nodose neurons from CHF rats. Superoxides 176-186 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 21-26 22072507-4 2012 Adenoviral MnSOD (Ad.MnSOD) gene transfection (50 multiplicity of infection) into the nodose neurons normalized the MnSOD expression and reduced the elevation of mitochondrial superoxide in the nodose neurons from CHF rats. Superoxides 176-186 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 21-26 23149576-0 2012 Class-IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase p110beta Triggers GPCR-induced superoxide production in p110gamma-deficient murine neutrophils. Superoxides 66-76 G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 Mus musculus 53-57 29036393-6 2018 The ex-vivo effect of AT-1 receptor blockade (ARB) on endothelial superoxide production was also measured before and after CPAP treatment. Superoxides 66-76 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 22-26 23149576-4 2012 These results suggested that the class-IA isoforms (p110alpha, p110beta, and p110delta) of PI3K are sufficient to trigger and maintain superoxide production. Superoxides 135-145 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta Mus musculus 77-86 29156213-1 2018 Sustained generation of extracellular superoxide anions by membrane-associated NADPH oxidase-1 is a hallmark of malignant transformation. Superoxides 38-55 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 79-94 29024093-4 2017 For CmO2+ , and AnO2+ beyond EsO2+ , the most stable structure has side-on bonded eta2 -(O2 ), as AnIII peroxides for An=Cm and Lr, and as AnII superoxides for An=Fm, Md, and No. Superoxides 144-155 DNA polymerase iota Homo sapiens 82-86 22433789-2 2012 We hypothesized that, as compared to the adjacent medial SMCs, neointimal SMCs produce increased superoxide via NADPH oxidase, which induces redox-sensitive intracellular signaling to activate matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Superoxides 97-107 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Rattus norvegicus 193-219 22433789-2 2012 We hypothesized that, as compared to the adjacent medial SMCs, neointimal SMCs produce increased superoxide via NADPH oxidase, which induces redox-sensitive intracellular signaling to activate matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). Superoxides 97-107 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Rattus norvegicus 221-226 22144277-1 2012 Rac, a member of the Rho family small GTPases, plays a crucial role in activation of Nox family NADPH oxidases in animals, enzymes dedicated to production of reactive oxygen species such as superoxide. Superoxides 190-200 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 22144277-3 2012 Rac in the GTP-bound form directly binds to the oxidase activator p67( phox ), which in turn interacts with Nox2, leading to superoxide production. Superoxides 159-169 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 22144277-3 2012 Rac in the GTP-bound form directly binds to the oxidase activator p67( phox ), which in turn interacts with Nox2, leading to superoxide production. Superoxides 159-169 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 142-146 22144277-5 2012 On the other hand, in the presence of either p67( phox ) or Noxa1, Rac facilitates superoxide production by Nox3, which is responsible in the inner ear for formation of otoconia, tiny mineralized structures that are required for sensing balance and gravity. Superoxides 117-127 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 101-104 22174146-6 2011 Similarly, an increase in superoxide anion promoted by an equipotent dose of aldosterone (10 nmol l(-1)) was blocked by spironolactone or eplerenone, by preventing epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation, but not by inhibiting glucocorticoid receptors or protein synthesis, suggesting non-genomic MR effects. Superoxides 26-42 epidermal growth factor receptor Rattus norvegicus 164-196 10900176-0 2000 NF- kappa B independent suppression of endothelial vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 gene expression by inhibition of flavin binding proteins and superoxide production. Superoxides 184-194 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 89-122 10936476-1 2000 Neutrophils and other phagocytes manufacture O(2)(-) (superoxide) by the one-electron reduction of oxygen at the expense of NADPH. Superoxides 54-64 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 124-129 28942246-0 2017 Inhibition of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1b induces hepatic steatosis through DPP4/NOX1-mediated regulation of superoxide. Superoxides 110-120 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 82-86 10873967-5 2000 Superoxide anion production (respiratory burst) was determined by lucigenin enhanced chemiluminescence (LUCL); secondary granule lactoferrin release by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); and CD11b, CD18, and CD62L expression by flow cytometric analysis. Superoxides 0-16 integrin subunit alpha M Homo sapiens 199-204 10860831-6 2000 Here, we show that like human Rac1, activated Zea mays Rac genes can induce superoxide production, when expressed in a mammalian system: NIH 3T3 cells. Superoxides 76-86 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 30-34 28891816-4 2017 Conversely, introduction of stress stimuli to the microenvironment, including hypoxia, acutely lowered SNPH levels, resulting in bioenergetics defects and increased superoxide production. Superoxides 165-175 syntaphilin Homo sapiens 103-107 34890952-0 2022 Facile fabrication of Fe/Fe3C embedded in N-doped carbon nanofiber for efficient degradation of tetracycline via peroxymonosulfate activation: Role of superoxide radical and singlet oxygen. Superoxides 151-169 general transcription factor IIE subunit 1 Homo sapiens 22-24 28690194-2 2017 A hallmark of cardiovascular disease is attenuated NO production, which in part is caused by NO Synthase (NOS) uncoupling, which in turn increases oxidative stress because of superoxide generation. Superoxides 175-185 nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal Mus musculus 93-104 34890952-6 2022 Both superoxide radicals (O2 -) and non-radical of singlet oxygen (1O2) were the primary reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the Fe/Fe3C@NCNF-800/PMS system via quenching tests and electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR). Superoxides 5-24 general transcription factor IIE subunit 1 Homo sapiens 126-128 34971634-1 2022 Superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase, gp91phox/NOX2, in phagocytes plays a critical role in the host defenses against pathogens. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 36-44 34971634-1 2022 Superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase, gp91phox/NOX2, in phagocytes plays a critical role in the host defenses against pathogens. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 45-49 34971634-3 2022 Therefore, investigating the level of gp91phox/NOX2 with immunoblotting is important for estimating the amount of superoxide produced. Superoxides 114-124 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 38-46 34971634-3 2022 Therefore, investigating the level of gp91phox/NOX2 with immunoblotting is important for estimating the amount of superoxide produced. Superoxides 114-124 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 47-51 28396118-2 2017 Since myogenic contractions are enhanced by superoxide but impaired by hydrogen peroxide, we tested the hypothesis that they are counterregulated by superoxide and H2O2 from NOX2/p47phox and/or NOX4/POLDIP2 in CKD. Superoxides 149-159 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 174-178 28396118-7 2017 Myogenic responses in arterioles from POLDIP2 +/- (versus wild type) mice with CKD had over an 85% reduction in H2O2, but preserved superoxide and a normal myogenic response. Superoxides 132-142 polymerase (DNA-directed), delta interacting protein 2 Mus musculus 38-45 28396118-9 2017 Thus, afferent arteriolar superoxide generated by NOX2/p47phox opposes H2O2 generated by NOX4/POLDIP2 whose upregulation in afferent arterioles from mice with CKD accounts for impaired myogenic contractions. Superoxides 26-36 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 50-54 28396118-9 2017 Thus, afferent arteriolar superoxide generated by NOX2/p47phox opposes H2O2 generated by NOX4/POLDIP2 whose upregulation in afferent arterioles from mice with CKD accounts for impaired myogenic contractions. Superoxides 26-36 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 89-93 28396118-9 2017 Thus, afferent arteriolar superoxide generated by NOX2/p47phox opposes H2O2 generated by NOX4/POLDIP2 whose upregulation in afferent arterioles from mice with CKD accounts for impaired myogenic contractions. Superoxides 26-36 polymerase (DNA-directed), delta interacting protein 2 Mus musculus 94-101 28231483-5 2017 Mechanistically, MnP reduces superoxide to hydrogen peroxide, which activates intracellular Nrf2 signaling leading to the induction of antioxidant enzymes, including MnSOD and catalase, and mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3. Superoxides 29-39 modifier of Niemann Pick type C1 Mus musculus 17-20 34678428-9 2022 Furthermore, compared with WT lines, salinity stress further upregulated the level of AtNRX1 (homologous gene of TaNRX-D1 in Arabidopsis) expression and the activity of superoxide dismutase in TaVDAC1-B OE lines, which led to a decrease in superoxide radical accumulation; drought stress further downregulated AtNRX1 expression and superoxide dismutase activity in TaVDAC1-B OE lines, resulting in the accumulation of superoxide radicals. Superoxides 240-258 DC1 domain-containing protein Arabidopsis thaliana 86-92 28336528-4 2017 In this study, we identify a mechanism for CD36 to promote thrombosis by increasing activation of MAPK extracellular signal-regulated kinase 5 (ERK5), a protein kinase known to be exquisitely sensitive to redox stress, through a signaling pathway requiring Src kinases, NADPH oxidase, superoxide radical anion, and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 285-309 mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 Mus musculus 144-148 34678428-9 2022 Furthermore, compared with WT lines, salinity stress further upregulated the level of AtNRX1 (homologous gene of TaNRX-D1 in Arabidopsis) expression and the activity of superoxide dismutase in TaVDAC1-B OE lines, which led to a decrease in superoxide radical accumulation; drought stress further downregulated AtNRX1 expression and superoxide dismutase activity in TaVDAC1-B OE lines, resulting in the accumulation of superoxide radicals. Superoxides 418-428 DC1 domain-containing protein Arabidopsis thaliana 86-92 34678428-9 2022 Furthermore, compared with WT lines, salinity stress further upregulated the level of AtNRX1 (homologous gene of TaNRX-D1 in Arabidopsis) expression and the activity of superoxide dismutase in TaVDAC1-B OE lines, which led to a decrease in superoxide radical accumulation; drought stress further downregulated AtNRX1 expression and superoxide dismutase activity in TaVDAC1-B OE lines, resulting in the accumulation of superoxide radicals. Superoxides 418-428 DC1 domain-containing protein Arabidopsis thaliana 310-316 34952138-4 2022 We found that Cd damaged liver cells, destroy the structure and function of mitochondria, and increased the production of superoxide anions. Superoxides 122-139 cathepsin D Mus musculus 14-16 28336528-7 2017 These findings suggest that atherogenic conditions critically regulate platelet CD36 signaling by increasing superoxide radical anion and hydrogen peroxide through a mechanism that promotes activation of MAPK ERK5. Superoxides 109-133 mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 Mus musculus 209-213 34930781-5 2022 In this study, we demonstrate elevated S100A9 protein within neutrophils from SLE patients, and MRL/lpr mice associates with lower mitochondrial superoxide, decreased suicidal neutrophil extracellular trap formation, and increased susceptibility to Staphylococcus aureus infection. Superoxides 145-155 S100 calcium binding protein A9 Homo sapiens 39-45 28345875-4 2017 In these experiments superoxide is generated using the NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) substrate deoxynyboquinone (DNQ), and hydrogen peroxide is generated using the lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A) inhibitor NHI-Glc-2. Superoxides 21-31 lactate dehydrogenase A Mus musculus 174-197 34930781-6 2022 Furthermore, increasing mitochondrial superoxide production restored the antibacterial activity of MRL/lpr neutrophils in response to S. aureus These results demonstrate that accumulation of intracellular S100A9 associates with impaired mitochondrial homeostasis, thereby rendering SLE neutrophils inherently less bactericidal. Superoxides 38-48 S100 calcium binding protein A9 Homo sapiens 205-211 34973363-3 2022 Here, we found that shikonin modified the Sec498 residue of TrxR1 to fully inhibit its antioxidant activity, however, the shikonin-modified TrxR1 still remained intrinsic NADPH oxidase activity, which promotes superoxide anions production. Superoxides 210-227 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 60-65 34973363-3 2022 Here, we found that shikonin modified the Sec498 residue of TrxR1 to fully inhibit its antioxidant activity, however, the shikonin-modified TrxR1 still remained intrinsic NADPH oxidase activity, which promotes superoxide anions production. Superoxides 210-227 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 140-145 28345875-4 2017 In these experiments superoxide is generated using the NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) substrate deoxynyboquinone (DNQ), and hydrogen peroxide is generated using the lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A) inhibitor NHI-Glc-2. Superoxides 21-31 lactate dehydrogenase A Mus musculus 199-204 34973363-4 2022 Besides, TrxR1 efficiently reduced shikonin in both selenocysteine dependent and selenocysteine independent manners, the oxygen-coupled redox cycling of shikonin also generates excessive superoxide anions. Superoxides 187-197 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 9-14 28235791-3 2017 NADPH with NADPH oxidase (Nox)2 as the catalytic subunit is a major source of superoxide production, and expression is significantly increased in the infarcted myocardium, especially by infiltrating macrophages. Superoxides 78-88 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 26-31 34883403-11 2021 ROCK1 overexpression promoted NOX1 and NOX2 expressions, superoxide and H2O2 production, VSMCs migration and proliferation in both WKY and SHR, which were attenuated by RND3 overexpression. Superoxides 57-67 Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 28124145-4 2017 METHODS: The effect of regulation of mitochondrial superoxide on DNA methylation of MMP-9 promoter region was investigated in retinal endothelial cells incubated in the presence or absence of a MnSOD mimetic MnTBAP, by quantifying the levels of 5 methyl cytosine (5mC) and hydroxyl-methyl cytosine (5hmC). Superoxides 51-61 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Mus musculus 84-89 28126743-0 2017 Superoxide generation from nNOS splice variants and its potential involvement in redox signal regulation. Superoxides 0-10 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 27-31 28126743-2 2017 Here, we used electron paramagnetic resonance to compare the electron-uncoupling reactions of recombinant nNOS-micro and nNOS-alpha that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), in this case superoxide. Superoxides 190-200 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 106-110 28126743-2 2017 Here, we used electron paramagnetic resonance to compare the electron-uncoupling reactions of recombinant nNOS-micro and nNOS-alpha that generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), in this case superoxide. Superoxides 190-200 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 121-125 28126743-3 2017 nNOS-micro generated 44% of the amount of superoxide that nNOS-alpha generated. Superoxides 42-52 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 28126743-3 2017 nNOS-micro generated 44% of the amount of superoxide that nNOS-alpha generated. Superoxides 42-52 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 58-62 27701898-0 2017 Differential regulation of oxidative stress and cytokine production by endothelin ETA and ETB receptors in superoxide anion-induced inflammation and pain in mice. Superoxides 107-123 endothelin receptor type A Mus musculus 82-85 34884437-4 2021 In HL-60 cells, NAC activated NOX2 to produce superoxide (O2 -). Superoxides 46-56 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 30-34 27701898-7 2017 Therefore, the present study unveils the differential mechanisms by which ET-1, acting on ETA or ETB receptors, regulates superoxide anion-induced inflammation and pain. Superoxides 122-138 endothelin receptor type A Mus musculus 90-93 29062837-12 2017 We conclude that the NK1-mediated neurocompensatory response to balloon injury elicits a contractile hyperreactivity to endothelin-1 in rat contralateral carotid by enhancing the muscular ETB-mediated NADPH oxidase-driven generation of superoxide, which activates calcium channels. Superoxides 236-246 endothelin receptor type B Rattus norvegicus 188-191 27558591-0 2017 Prohibitin involvement in the generation of mitochondrial superoxide at complex I in human sperm. Superoxides 58-68 prohibitin 1 Homo sapiens 0-10 28100855-9 2016 Manganese, copper and zinc are a part of the group of superoxide dismutase enzymes (MnSOD, Cu/ZnSOD), which catalyse the superoxide anion dismutation into hydrogen peroxide and oxygen. Superoxides 121-137 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 84-89 27838438-0 2016 LRRC8A channels support TNFalpha-induced superoxide production by Nox1 which is required for receptor endocytosis. Superoxides 41-51 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 66-70 27838438-2 2016 In vascular smooth muscle cells, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) activates VRAC via type 1 TNFalpha receptors (TNFR1), and this requires superoxide (O2 -) production by NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1). Superoxides 144-154 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 176-191 27838438-2 2016 In vascular smooth muscle cells, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) activates VRAC via type 1 TNFalpha receptors (TNFR1), and this requires superoxide (O2 -) production by NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1). Superoxides 144-154 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 193-197 27838438-2 2016 In vascular smooth muscle cells, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) activates VRAC via type 1 TNFalpha receptors (TNFR1), and this requires superoxide (O2 -) production by NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1). Superoxides 156-158 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 176-191 27838438-2 2016 In vascular smooth muscle cells, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) activates VRAC via type 1 TNFalpha receptors (TNFR1), and this requires superoxide (O2 -) production by NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1). Superoxides 156-158 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 193-197 27841763-7 2016 This effect was mediated by an increase in blood-brain barrier permeability that allowed angiotensin II to enter the perivascular space and activate angiotensin type 1 receptors in PVMs, leading to production of ROS through the superoxide-producing enzyme NOX2. Superoxides 228-238 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 256-260 27920727-2 2016 Recent evidence demonstrates that enhanced levels of the L-arginine:ureahydrolase, including the two isoenzymes arginase-I (Arg-I) and arginase-II (Arg-II) in vascular endothelial cells promote uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), leading to increased superoxide radical anion and decreased NO production thereby endothelial dysfunction. Superoxides 271-295 arginase, liver Mus musculus 124-129 34509493-8 2021 This behaviour is different from hFMO3, that is shown to form both H2O2 and superoxide anion radical as a result of ~50% uncoupling. Superoxides 76-100 flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3 Homo sapiens 33-38 34639144-8 2021 As early as 120 min of incubation, sperm samples with larger PARK7 content showed higher percentages of viable and acrosome-intact sperm, lipid disorder and superoxide levels, and lower intracellular calcium levels when compared to sperm samples with lower PARK7. Superoxides 157-167 Parkinsonism associated deglycase Sus scrofa 61-66 34638478-6 2021 Consistently, in high miR-27a-/low FOXJ3-expressing cells, mitochondria are functionally characterized by lower superoxide production, respiration capacity, and membrane potential, as evaluated by OCR assays and confocal microscopy. Superoxides 112-122 microRNA 27a Mus musculus 22-29 34081810-7 2021 CAR and/or RSV treatment restored the activity of superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant capacity with a consequent reduction in lipid peroxides level. Superoxides 50-60 nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 3 Rattus norvegicus 0-3 34270373-6 2021 Furthermore, Ang II-induced increased levels of superoxide anion (O2-) and NADPH oxidase activity and increased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and AKT that are implicated in enhanced expression of Gialpha proteins and hyperproliferation of VSMC were also attenuated to control levels by silencing of Sirt1. Superoxides 48-64 sirtuin 1 Homo sapiens 295-300 34275335-8 2021 Male GPR35 knockout mice demonstrated reduced basal arterial blood pressure and an attenuated onset of hypertension in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt induced hypertensive model compared with male GPR35 wild-type control mice in vivo, with concomitant improved endothelium-dependent vasodilation and decreased superoxide in isolated aortas. Superoxides 311-321 G protein-coupled receptor 35 Mus musculus 5-10 27847869-8 2016 Moreover, because of impaired MnSOD activity, ULM cells are sensitive to high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide-generating compounds, resulting in decreased ULM cell viability. Superoxides 122-132 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 30-35 27638049-4 2016 Following ATO treatment, ATF4 activates NADPH oxidase by promoting assembly of the enzyme components Rac-1/P47phox/P67phox, which generates ROS/superoxides. Superoxides 144-155 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 115-122 27535007-8 2016 COX-2 was up-regulated after acute exposure to H2 O2 in coronary endothelium and vascular smooth muscle (VSM) and inhibition of COX-2 markedly reduced H2 O2 -elicited O2.- generation in coronary arteries and myocardium. Superoxides 50-52 cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 0-5 27535007-10 2016 CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: COX-2 contributes to cardiac oxidative stress and to the endothelium-independent O2.- -mediated coronary vasoconstriction induced by H2 O2 in obesity, which is offset by the release of COX-2-derived endothelial PGE2 acting on EP4 vasodilator receptors. Superoxides 110-112 cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 29-34 27535007-10 2016 CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: COX-2 contributes to cardiac oxidative stress and to the endothelium-independent O2.- -mediated coronary vasoconstriction induced by H2 O2 in obesity, which is offset by the release of COX-2-derived endothelial PGE2 acting on EP4 vasodilator receptors. Superoxides 110-112 cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 214-219 27535007-10 2016 CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: COX-2 contributes to cardiac oxidative stress and to the endothelium-independent O2.- -mediated coronary vasoconstriction induced by H2 O2 in obesity, which is offset by the release of COX-2-derived endothelial PGE2 acting on EP4 vasodilator receptors. Superoxides 110-112 prostaglandin E receptor 4 Rattus norvegicus 255-258 27620391-8 2016 Increased oxidative stress (plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, hydrogen peroxide, and vascular superoxide generation) in Ang II-infused WT mice was attenuated in c-Src-deficient and CGP077675-treated mice. Superoxides 108-118 angiogenin, ribonuclease, RNase A family, 5 Mus musculus 134-137 27763643-8 2016 Activation of AT1 receptors in mitochondria regulates superoxide production, via Nox4, and increases respiration. Superoxides 54-64 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Rattus norvegicus 14-17 34424708-5 2021 Spectroscopic and computational studies of this species support a high-spin Fe(III) center antiferromagnetically coupled to a superoxide ligand, similar to that proposed for numerous nonheme iron oxygenases. Superoxides 126-136 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 71-75 27404504-0 2016 Angiotensin II receptor one (AT1) mediates dextrose induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and superoxide production in human coronary artery endothelial cells. Superoxides 93-103 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 29-32 27497729-3 2016 These new homologues (Nox1-Nox5) produce low levels of superoxides compared to the phagocytic homologue Nox2/gp91phox. Superoxides 55-66 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 22-26 34215262-10 2021 Metabolic network analysis was used to identify the production of superoxide radicals in cultured RBCs as countered by the activity of glutathione oxidoreductase and synthesis of reducing equivalents via the pentose phosphate pathway. Superoxides 66-76 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 147-161 35513019-5 2022 Notably, SIRT7 has been shown to exert beneficial effects in cardiorenal physiology and pathophysiology via modulation of senescence, DNA damage repair, ribosomal RNA synthesis, protein biosynthesis, angiogenesis, apoptosis, superoxide generation, cardiorenal metabolism, and dysfunction. Superoxides 225-235 sirtuin 7 Homo sapiens 9-14 35114419-11 2022 In conclusion, cardiac-specific AC4 gene expression protects against Klotho deficiency-induced heart failure through increasing cardiomyocytic cAMP levels, which alleviates cAMP-dependent mitochondrial dysfunction, superoxide accumulation and apoptotic cell death. Superoxides 215-225 klotho Homo sapiens 69-75 35354309-8 2022 NOX1-derived superoxide in the first phase is required for Ca2+ influx through nonselective cation channels. Superoxides 13-23 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 35398286-4 2022 Here, we demonstrate that RIP2 exerts immune regulatory functions by regulating mitochondrial damage and mitochondrial superoxide production in response to SV40 LT-induced genotoxic stress by the induction of ULK1-phosphorylation, therefore regulating the expression of interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) and NLRP3-inflammasome dependent IL-1beta release. Superoxides 119-129 receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 2 Homo sapiens 26-30 35496049-10 2022 Our results revealed that MTX significantly induced the elevation of transaminases, alkaline phosphates (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and malonaldehyde (MDA) while depleting the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) when compared to the control group. Superoxides 194-204 metaxin 1 Mus musculus 26-29 2541202-0 1989 A phospholipase A2-activating protein (PLAP) stimulates human neutrophil aggregation and release of lysosomal enzymes, superoxide, and eicosanoids. Superoxides 119-129 phospholipase A2 activating protein Homo sapiens 2-37 2541202-0 1989 A phospholipase A2-activating protein (PLAP) stimulates human neutrophil aggregation and release of lysosomal enzymes, superoxide, and eicosanoids. Superoxides 119-129 phospholipase A2 activating protein Homo sapiens 39-43 2541202-5 1989 PLAP induced neutrophils to release beta-glucuronidase and metalloproteinase enzyme activities as well as produce superoxide ion in both a dose- and time-dependent manner. Superoxides 114-124 phospholipase A2 activating protein Homo sapiens 0-4 2547098-5 1989 PAF induced the superoxide production from rat PMN in a dose dependent manner. Superoxides 16-26 PCNA clamp associated factor Rattus norvegicus 0-3 2545762-2 1989 However, the signal observed arises from interaction of the spin trap with some species other than the superoxide radical or hydrogen peroxide, a product of its dismutation, as the addition of both superoxide dismutase and catalase to a superoxide generating system failed to attenuate the signal. Superoxides 198-208 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 60-64 2464338-15 1989 Overall, these results suggest that NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase catalyzes the one-electron reduction of resorufin (probably to the corresponding semiquinoneimine radical) which can either undergo a second, one-electron reduction (presumably to the corresponding dihydroquinoneimine) or a one-electron oxidation by reducing molecular O2 to superoxide anion. Superoxides 337-339 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Rattus norvegicus 36-67 2464338-15 1989 Overall, these results suggest that NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase catalyzes the one-electron reduction of resorufin (probably to the corresponding semiquinoneimine radical) which can either undergo a second, one-electron reduction (presumably to the corresponding dihydroquinoneimine) or a one-electron oxidation by reducing molecular O2 to superoxide anion. Superoxides 343-359 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Rattus norvegicus 36-67 3196315-9 1988 The wide diversity of EC-SOD in the vascular system of mammals with regard to total amount, division into fractions and distribution between plasma and endothelium indicates that the pathogenic potential of superoxide radicals in the extracellular space might vary much between species. Superoxides 207-217 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 22-28 2841980-1 1988 Using pulse radiolysis, the rate constant for the reaction of ferric myeloperoxidase with O2- to give compound III was measured at pH 7.8, and values of 2.1.10(6) M-1.s-1 for equine ferric myeloperoxidase and 1.1.10(6) M-1.s-1 for human ferric myeloperoxidase were obtained. Superoxides 90-92 myeloperoxidase Equus caballus 69-84 2841980-1 1988 Using pulse radiolysis, the rate constant for the reaction of ferric myeloperoxidase with O2- to give compound III was measured at pH 7.8, and values of 2.1.10(6) M-1.s-1 for equine ferric myeloperoxidase and 1.1.10(6) M-1.s-1 for human ferric myeloperoxidase were obtained. Superoxides 90-92 myeloperoxidase Equus caballus 189-204 27455510-2 2016 NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), a source of cellular superoxide anions, has multiple biological functions that may be of importance in inflammation and in the pathogenesis of human metabolic diseases, including diabetes. Superoxides 45-62 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-15 27455510-2 2016 NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), a source of cellular superoxide anions, has multiple biological functions that may be of importance in inflammation and in the pathogenesis of human metabolic diseases, including diabetes. Superoxides 45-62 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 17-21 27317946-5 2016 Myocardial expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a major pro-inflammatory cytokine that causes cardiac dysfunction, was upregulated in mice with endotoxemia, which was accompanied by increases in NOX2 expression, superoxide generation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Superoxides 230-240 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 213-217 27400860-8 2016 Conversely, gene knockdown of MnSOD results in the reversal of EMT to a mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET)-like program, which appears to be a function of superoxide (O2(- ))-directed signaling. Superoxides 160-170 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 30-35 27400860-8 2016 Conversely, gene knockdown of MnSOD results in the reversal of EMT to a mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET)-like program, which appears to be a function of superoxide (O2(- ))-directed signaling. Superoxides 172-174 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 30-35 27400860-9 2016 INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION: These data underscore the involvement of MnSOD in regulating the switch between the EMT and MET-associated phenotype by influencing cellular redox environment via its effect on the intracellular ratio between O2(- ) and H2O2. Superoxides 236-238 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 68-73 26887821-7 2016 (3) The inhibition of xanthine oxidoreductase leading to modulation of intracellular superoxide and plasma uric acid, a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes. Superoxides 85-95 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 22-45 27329107-7 2016 RESULTS: We report alpha-Syn (29-40) as a specific peptide capable of activating microglial Nox2 to produce superoxide and cause dopaminergic neuronal damage. Superoxides 108-118 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 92-96 2838849-4 1988 Studies on 1 patient"s cells indicated the increases in superoxide production correlated with increased membrane cytochrome b. Superoxides 56-66 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 113-125 2836109-5 1988 In addition, captopril, MPG, or NAC, but not teprotide or enalaprilat, scavenge superoxide anion production by the purine-xanthine oxidase reaction and by canine neutrophils activated with phorbol myristate acetate. Superoxides 80-96 N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase Canis lupus familiaris 24-27 2845222-7 1988 The relevance of oxidant production to the tumor promotion process is suggested by the ability of exogenous xanthine/xanthine oxidase, a superoxide anion-generating system, to induce ornithine decarboxylase, a characteristic of TPA-treated cells. Superoxides 137-153 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 117-133 2845222-7 1988 The relevance of oxidant production to the tumor promotion process is suggested by the ability of exogenous xanthine/xanthine oxidase, a superoxide anion-generating system, to induce ornithine decarboxylase, a characteristic of TPA-treated cells. Superoxides 137-153 ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1 Mus musculus 183-206 3368442-1 1988 Cytochrome b comprising 91-kDa and 22-kDa subunits is a critical component of the membrane-bound oxidase of phagocytes that generates superoxide. Superoxides 134-144 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 0-12 2820605-0 1987 Decreased stimulation by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate of superoxide radical production by polymorphonuclear leukocytes carrying the Mediterranean variant of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. Superoxides 65-83 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 165-198 2820605-5 1987 G6PD activity is not detectable in the deficient PMNs incubated with dehydroepiandrosterone, and these cells show a near complete inhibition of O2- production. Superoxides 144-146 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-4 3305576-14 1987 These results (a) suggest that the two polypeptides are in close association and are part of the cytochrome b, (b) provide explanation for the molecular weight discrepancies previously reported for the protein, and (c) further support the involvement of the cytochrome in superoxide production in human neutrophils. Superoxides 272-282 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 97-109 3040465-3 1987 The formation of these spin adducts was inhibited by superoxide dismutase, suggesting that superoxide plays a role in the adducts" formation. Superoxides 53-63 spindlin 1 Rattus norvegicus 23-27 27329107-9 2016 Exploring the underlying mechanisms showed that alpha-Syn (29-40) peptide triggered Nox2 to generate extracellular superoxide and its metabolite H2O2 by binding to the catalytic unit gp91 (phox) of Nox2; diffusing into cytosol, H2O2 activated Erk1/2 kinase to phosphorylate p47 (phox) and p67 (phox) and further activated Nox2, establishing a positive feedback loop to amplify the Nox2-mediated response. Superoxides 115-125 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 84-88 27329107-9 2016 Exploring the underlying mechanisms showed that alpha-Syn (29-40) peptide triggered Nox2 to generate extracellular superoxide and its metabolite H2O2 by binding to the catalytic unit gp91 (phox) of Nox2; diffusing into cytosol, H2O2 activated Erk1/2 kinase to phosphorylate p47 (phox) and p67 (phox) and further activated Nox2, establishing a positive feedback loop to amplify the Nox2-mediated response. Superoxides 115-125 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 198-202 3632631-0 1987 NADPH-binding component of the superoxide-generating oxidase in unstimulated neutrophils and the neutrophils from the patients with chronic granulomatous disease. Superoxides 31-41 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 3632631-1 1987 The NADPH-binding component of the neutrophil superoxide-generating oxidase was studied in the particulate oxidase fractions obtained from the neutrophils of normal and chronic-granulomatous-disease (CGD) patients. Superoxides 46-56 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 4-9 27329107-9 2016 Exploring the underlying mechanisms showed that alpha-Syn (29-40) peptide triggered Nox2 to generate extracellular superoxide and its metabolite H2O2 by binding to the catalytic unit gp91 (phox) of Nox2; diffusing into cytosol, H2O2 activated Erk1/2 kinase to phosphorylate p47 (phox) and p67 (phox) and further activated Nox2, establishing a positive feedback loop to amplify the Nox2-mediated response. Superoxides 115-125 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Mus musculus 243-249 27329107-9 2016 Exploring the underlying mechanisms showed that alpha-Syn (29-40) peptide triggered Nox2 to generate extracellular superoxide and its metabolite H2O2 by binding to the catalytic unit gp91 (phox) of Nox2; diffusing into cytosol, H2O2 activated Erk1/2 kinase to phosphorylate p47 (phox) and p67 (phox) and further activated Nox2, establishing a positive feedback loop to amplify the Nox2-mediated response. Superoxides 115-125 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 198-202 27329107-9 2016 Exploring the underlying mechanisms showed that alpha-Syn (29-40) peptide triggered Nox2 to generate extracellular superoxide and its metabolite H2O2 by binding to the catalytic unit gp91 (phox) of Nox2; diffusing into cytosol, H2O2 activated Erk1/2 kinase to phosphorylate p47 (phox) and p67 (phox) and further activated Nox2, establishing a positive feedback loop to amplify the Nox2-mediated response. Superoxides 115-125 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 198-202 3036079-2 1987 Nearly 60% of the total cytochrome b had a low Em,7.0 of -247 mV, typical of the cytochrome b component found in the NADPH-dependent O2(.-)-generating oxidase of neutrophils. Superoxides 133-135 cytochrome b, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 24-36 3036079-2 1987 Nearly 60% of the total cytochrome b had a low Em,7.0 of -247 mV, typical of the cytochrome b component found in the NADPH-dependent O2(.-)-generating oxidase of neutrophils. Superoxides 133-135 cytochrome b, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 81-93 26578199-2 2016 Increased formation of superoxide anions by NADPH oxidase Nox1, 2, and 5 reduces nitric oxide availability and can promote endothelial dysfunction. Superoxides 23-40 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 58-62 3036079-3 1987 The rate of O2.- generation by macrophages was 1.23 mol of O2.-/s per mol of cytochrome b. Superoxides 12-14 cytochrome b, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 77-89 3036079-3 1987 The rate of O2.- generation by macrophages was 1.23 mol of O2.-/s per mol of cytochrome b. Superoxides 59-61 cytochrome b, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 77-89 3546084-7 1987 When accumulated, paraquat undergoes a NADPH-dependent one-electron reduction to for its free radical which almost instantly reacts with molecular oxygen to reform the cation and concomitantly produce superoxide anion. Superoxides 201-217 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 39-44 27037373-0 2016 Potential role of mitochondrial superoxide decreasing ferrochelatase and heme in coronary artery soluble guanylate cyclase depletion by angiotensin II. Superoxides 32-42 HEME Bos taurus 73-77 27037373-2 2016 We hypothesized that angiotensin II (ANG II) stimulation of mitochondrial superoxide by its type 1 receptor could function as a potential inhibitor of heme biosynthesis by ferrochelatase, and this could decrease vascular responsiveness to NO by depleting sGC. Superoxides 74-84 HEME Bos taurus 151-155 27037373-7 2016 The depletion of cytochrome oxidase subunit 4 and sGC (but not catalase) suggests that sGC expression may be very sensitive to depletion of heme caused by ANG II disrupting ferrochelatase activity by increasing mitochondrial superoxide. Superoxides 225-235 HEME Bos taurus 140-144 27199114-2 2016 Thrombospondin-1 (Thbs-1), through binding of CD47, has been shown to limit NO-dependent vasodilation in peripheral vascular beds via formation of superoxide (O2 (-)). Superoxides 147-157 thrombospondin 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 3026385-5 1986 To establish the presence of [17O2]oxygen in our incubations, a portion of the gas from the lipoxygenase/linoleate experiments was used to prepare the 4-POBN-superoxide radical adduct utilizing a superoxide producing microsomal/paraquat/NADPH system. Superoxides 158-168 linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4 Glycine max 92-104 3026385-5 1986 To establish the presence of [17O2]oxygen in our incubations, a portion of the gas from the lipoxygenase/linoleate experiments was used to prepare the 4-POBN-superoxide radical adduct utilizing a superoxide producing microsomal/paraquat/NADPH system. Superoxides 196-206 linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4 Glycine max 92-104 3023754-1 1986 Derivatives of superoxide (O-2), produced by phagocytic cells, are thought to play a role in the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and other disease states. Superoxides 15-25 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 27-30 27199114-2 2016 Thrombospondin-1 (Thbs-1), through binding of CD47, has been shown to limit NO-dependent vasodilation in peripheral vascular beds via formation of superoxide (O2 (-)). Superoxides 147-157 thrombospondin 1 Rattus norvegicus 18-24 27199114-2 2016 Thrombospondin-1 (Thbs-1), through binding of CD47, has been shown to limit NO-dependent vasodilation in peripheral vascular beds via formation of superoxide (O2 (-)). Superoxides 147-157 Cd47 molecule Rattus norvegicus 46-50 27199114-2 2016 Thrombospondin-1 (Thbs-1), through binding of CD47, has been shown to limit NO-dependent vasodilation in peripheral vascular beds via formation of superoxide (O2 (-)). Superoxides 159-161 thrombospondin 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 27199114-2 2016 Thrombospondin-1 (Thbs-1), through binding of CD47, has been shown to limit NO-dependent vasodilation in peripheral vascular beds via formation of superoxide (O2 (-)). Superoxides 159-161 thrombospondin 1 Rattus norvegicus 18-24 3760584-4 1986 The NADPH-dependent superoxide anion-forming activity (NADPH oxidase) was investigated in different populations of human and mouse macrophages. Superoxides 20-36 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 4-9 3760584-4 1986 The NADPH-dependent superoxide anion-forming activity (NADPH oxidase) was investigated in different populations of human and mouse macrophages. Superoxides 20-36 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 55-60 27199114-2 2016 Thrombospondin-1 (Thbs-1), through binding of CD47, has been shown to limit NO-dependent vasodilation in peripheral vascular beds via formation of superoxide (O2 (-)). Superoxides 159-161 Cd47 molecule Rattus norvegicus 46-50 3760584-5 1986 NADPH oxidase was activated by stimulation of macrophages with phorbol-myristate acetate and activity levels correlated with ability of intact cells to produce superoxide anion. Superoxides 160-176 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 27199114-7 2016 Thbs-1 increased O2 (-) production in coronary arterioles from rats of both ages, but this was exaggerated in old rats. Superoxides 17-19 thrombospondin 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-6 3017930-2 1986 Extracellular release of superoxide anion (O-2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) during the respiratory burst of porcine and human neutrophils was studied by using diacetyldeuteroheme-substituted horseradish peroxidase as a trapping agent for these oxygen derivatives. Superoxides 25-41 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 43-46 27199114-8 2016 The addition of CD47 blocking antibody completely restored NO-dependent vasodilation in isolated arterioles from aged rats and attenuated O2 (-) production. Superoxides 138-144 Cd47 molecule Rattus norvegicus 16-20 27184078-6 2016 We demonstrate that Smad2 is a key scaffold, allowing RIN1 to act as a GTP exchange factor for MFN2-GTPase activation to promote mitochondrial ATP synthesis and suppress superoxide production. Superoxides 170-180 SMAD family member 2 Homo sapiens 20-25 3015445-1 1986 In order to investigate the correlation between stimulation of superoxide generation and induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) we have used the macrophage cell line J774.16 and a clone derived from this line that, by contrast with the parental line, is unable to generate superoxides in response to TPA. Superoxides 63-73 ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1 Mus musculus 127-130 27184078-6 2016 We demonstrate that Smad2 is a key scaffold, allowing RIN1 to act as a GTP exchange factor for MFN2-GTPase activation to promote mitochondrial ATP synthesis and suppress superoxide production. Superoxides 170-180 Ras and Rab interactor 1 Homo sapiens 54-58 26988591-8 2016 The production of macrophage-dependent HMGB1 involved Nox2 activation and superoxide anion production, which was mitigated by MSC treatment. Superoxides 74-90 high mobility group box 1 Mus musculus 39-44 3018559-1 1986 Leishmania donovani promastigotes contain intense tartrate-resistant cell surface acid phosphatase (ACP1) which blocks superoxide anion production by activated human neutrophils [A.T. Remaley et al. Superoxides 119-135 acid phosphatase 1 Homo sapiens 100-104 3698012-8 1986 Furthermore, cell lysis induced by beta-HMT appears to be independent of oxygen-dependent mechanisms, since catalase is incapable of blocking lysis, and since hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion are not produced in detectable amounts during lysis. Superoxides 181-197 histamine N-methyltransferase Homo sapiens 40-43 3012624-1 1986 Oxygen is a potent sensitizer of cells exposed to ionizing radiation, and, although the exact chemical mechanisms are not fully understood, some evidence suggests that this sensitization may involve the formation of superoxide anion radicals (.O-2) [F. Lavelle, A. M. Michelson, and L. Dimitrijevic, Biochem. Superoxides 216-241 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 244-247 3009441-2 1986 The ratio of superoxide production to oxidation of NADPH affected by the NADPH:O2 oxidoreductase of human neutrophils is strongly influenced by pH, NADPH substrate concentration, aging of the enzyme, or its exposure to excess deoxycholate. Superoxides 13-23 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 82-96 3009441-5 1986 Following storage of the oxidoreductase overnight on ice, its Km for NADPH rose to 125 microM as determined by monitoring oxidation of NADPH but was unaltered when measured in terms of superoxide production. Superoxides 185-195 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 25-39 3009441-12 1986 The reduced form of the neutrophil oxidoreductase, like xanthine oxidase, thus appears to be capable of conducting both 1- and 2-electron transfer steps in reducing O2. Superoxides 165-167 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 35-49 27695650-4 2016 We found that GLB-12 produces superoxide, a type of ROS, after which this is converted to what appears to be a hydrogen peroxide gradient over the plasma membrane by the activity of intracellular and extracellular superoxide dismutases. Superoxides 30-40 GLOBIN domain-containing protein Caenorhabditis elegans 14-20 27079272-9 2016 The requirement for ONOO(-) in transducing Ang II signaling identifies ONOO(-), which has been viewed as a reactive damaging byproduct of superoxide and nitric oxide, as a mediator of GPCR-CaMKII signaling. Superoxides 138-148 calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase II gamma Homo sapiens 189-195 26390063-6 2016 Here, we demonstrate that both the activity of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), a superoxide-generating enzyme obligatory for CS-induced DNA damage and EndoC apoptosis, and superoxide concentrations are increased after CS exposure in the absence of MIF. Superoxides 80-90 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 47-70 26390063-6 2016 Here, we demonstrate that both the activity of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), a superoxide-generating enzyme obligatory for CS-induced DNA damage and EndoC apoptosis, and superoxide concentrations are increased after CS exposure in the absence of MIF. Superoxides 80-90 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 72-75 2419007-5 1986 NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and similar flavo-enzymes activate quinones via one-electron reduction into semiquinone free radicals, which then react with molecular oxygen, forming superoxide anions. Superoxides 184-201 NADPH--cytochrome P450 reductase Oryctolagus cuniculus 0-32 26905073-6 2016 It is shown that the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in tumor tissue correlate with the superoxide radicals generation rate and NO levels (r = 0.48/0.67, p < 0.05). Superoxides 84-103 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 33-38 2992509-1 1985 Effects of islet-activating protein (IAP) were examined to assess the involvement of the guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory protein responsible for inhibition of adenylate cyclase system (Ni protein) in the superoxide anion (O-2) production in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) stimulated with various agents. Superoxides 210-226 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 228-231 26800483-2 2016 Recently, the authors" reported that these peptides have important physiological roles in positively regulating vasodilator nitric oxide (NO) production in the cerebral circulation, and may normally suppress superoxide production by the pro-oxidant enzyme, Nox2-NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 208-218 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 257-261 26678800-4 2016 This was accompanied by an increase in MitoSOX and DCFH2 oxidation that could be indicative of increased steady-state levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O2( -) and H2O2, which correlated with increased levels of MnSOD activity and immuno-reactive protein. Superoxides 166-168 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 225-230 2862014-2 1985 Since reactive oxygen species are crucial to these activities, the affect of opioid peptides on superoxide (O-2) generation was evaluated with the use of lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminesence (CL). Superoxides 96-106 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 108-111 26544677-3 2016 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is the major antioxidant in the mitochondria, catalyzing the metabolism of superoxide radicals to form hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 2983925-1 1985 The importance of intact adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in the generation of superoxide anion by xanthine oxidase has been disputed in studies using human neutrophils or mouse macrophages. Superoxides 81-97 adenosine deaminase Homo sapiens 25-44 2983925-1 1985 The importance of intact adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in the generation of superoxide anion by xanthine oxidase has been disputed in studies using human neutrophils or mouse macrophages. Superoxides 81-97 adenosine deaminase Homo sapiens 46-49 2983925-2 1985 The latter demonstrated a positive correlation between ADA activity and superoxide production during phagocytosis. Superoxides 72-82 adenosine deaminase Homo sapiens 55-58 26780438-8 2016 Leptin increased protein levels of collagen I, TGF-beta and CTGF, Akt phosphorylation and O2(-) production in both cardiac myofibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells in culture, while LOX inhibition ameliorated these alterations. Superoxides 90-93 leptin Rattus norvegicus 0-6 27033446-2 2016 In thick ascending limbs flow-induced O2 (-)production is mediated byNADPHoxidase 4 (Nox4) and is dependent on protein kinase C (PKC). Superoxides 38-40 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 85-89 27033446-11 2016 Flow-induced Nox4 translocation to the nucleus may play a role in O2 (-)-dependent changes in thick ascending limbs. Superoxides 66-72 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 13-17 26530893-8 2016 The mechanisms of the photocatalytic coagulation oxidation of Ti(SO4)2 are similar to those of UV/crystalline TiO2 particles, involving the formation and reactions of the hydroxyl radical OH and superoxide HO2/O2(-). Superoxides 195-205 heme oxygenase 2 Homo sapiens 206-209 26530893-8 2016 The mechanisms of the photocatalytic coagulation oxidation of Ti(SO4)2 are similar to those of UV/crystalline TiO2 particles, involving the formation and reactions of the hydroxyl radical OH and superoxide HO2/O2(-). Superoxides 112-114 heme oxygenase 2 Homo sapiens 206-209 26768586-13 2016 We demonstrate that GB decreases superoxide generation and the subsequent apoptosis through reduction of p53-mediated NOX4/p66(shc) pathway via up-regulation of miR214, resulting in attenuation of cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity. Superoxides 33-43 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 118-122 26715682-12 2016 Although NOX2 is not constitutively active unlike NOX4 and forms rather superoxide, this opens up the possibility that at least some effects of NOX4 deletion are mediated by NOX2 activation. Superoxides 72-82 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 9-13 26703450-4 2016 Superoxide anion production increased only at 1 dpi in rIFN-gamma, rIFN-gammarel and rIL-4/13A injected pufferfish. Superoxides 0-16 interleukin 4 Rattus norvegicus 85-90 26752517-6 2016 Here we show that GNLY delivers Gzms into three protozoan parasites (Trypanosoma cruzi, Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania major), in which the Gzms generate superoxide and inactivate oxidative defense enzymes to kill the parasite. Superoxides 156-166 granulysin Homo sapiens 18-22 26779023-8 2015 Among the by-products of the HO/BVR system, carbon monoxide (CORM-2, 50 nM) and bilirubin (BR, 50 nM) significantly inhibited TMT-induced superoxide anion formation in SH-SY5Y cells. Superoxides 138-154 biliverdin reductase A Homo sapiens 32-35 26519208-9 2016 DetaNONOate increased eNOS phosphorylation and its interaction with heat shock protein 90 (HSP90); increased levels of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) mRNA, protein, and activity; and decreased the mitochondrial superoxide levels in PPHN-PAECs. Superoxides 119-129 superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Ovis aries 143-147 28097126-8 2016 Moreover, NAMPT inhibitors increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and superoxide anion level but reduced the SOD activity and total antioxidative capacity in GBM cells. Superoxides 82-98 nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase Homo sapiens 10-15 3838707-2 1985 Simultaneously, xanthine dehydrogenase is converted to xanthine oxidase, an enzyme that converts hypoxanthine to xanthine, and xanthine to uric acid, producing a superoxide anion for each molecule of hypoxanthine or xanthine oxidized. Superoxides 162-178 xanthine dehydrogenase Canis lupus familiaris 16-38 2987422-0 1985 Superoxide anion (O-2) production by peripheral blood monocytes in Hodgkin"s disease and malignant lymphoma. Superoxides 0-16 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 18-21 2987422-1 1985 Superoxide anion (O-2) is the first metabolite of the monocyte oxygen burst pathway, which plays an important role in the monocyte microbicidal function. Superoxides 0-16 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 18-21 2409774-1 1985 Histamine inhibits superoxide anion (O-2) production from human neutrophils stimulated by N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP). Superoxides 19-35 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 37-40 2990646-4 1985 The cell lysis by the superoxide-generating xanthine oxidase system was not significantly increased by SOD, but was significantly decreased by nitroblue tetrazolium and completely abolished by catalase. Superoxides 22-32 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 44-60 2985050-1 1985 O2 is necessary for the fast reduction of cytochrome b-245 by NADPH. Superoxides 0-2 cytochrome b Sus scrofa 42-54 2985050-6 1985 Steady-state cytochrome b reduction was absent from extracts of unstimulated cells; Km values for NADPH, for O2-. Superoxides 109-111 cytochrome b Sus scrofa 13-25 2983900-1 1985 Both dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and the synthetic steroid 16 alpha-Br-epiandrosterone (Br-Epi), a more potent inhibitor of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) than DHEA, inhibit the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) stimulation of superoxide anion (O2-) formation by human neutrophils. Superoxides 249-265 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 126-159 2983900-1 1985 Both dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and the synthetic steroid 16 alpha-Br-epiandrosterone (Br-Epi), a more potent inhibitor of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) than DHEA, inhibit the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) stimulation of superoxide anion (O2-) formation by human neutrophils. Superoxides 267-270 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 126-159 2985397-1 1985 We examined superoxide (O-2)-generating activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) from a patient with lung cancer in whom there was a marked granulocytosis. Superoxides 12-22 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 24-27 2850266-7 1985 The 31,500 protein was phosphorylated in enzyme preparations from activated but not from resting neutrophils, suggesting that phosphorylation of cytochrome b-245 is involved in the activation mechanism of the O2(-) -forming enzyme responsible for the respiratory burst in phagocytes. Superoxides 209-211 cytochrome b Sus scrofa 145-157 3997560-4 1985 Xanthine oxidase, a key enzyme of this pathway, produces superoxide during its reaction with its substrates. Superoxides 57-67 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 0-16 6095920-2 1984 At concentrations of the enzyme (1 microgram/ml) that can be found in the extracellular fluid during inflammation, the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-Cl system inhibited the opsonizing effect of IgG and C3b measured as phagocytic uptake and superoxide generation. Superoxides 231-241 complement C3 Homo sapiens 193-196 6095866-10 1984 EPR-spin-trapping studies of irradiated mixtures, containing the drugs and 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (as spin trap), suggest the production of superoxide radical by photoexcited promazines. Superoxides 150-168 TRAP Homo sapiens 9-13 6517596-5 1984 Iron-dependent lipid peroxidation appears to be responsible for at least part of the conversion of 1-naphthol to predominantly 1,4-naphthoquinone, and it seems likely that superoxide anion radical generation by NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase could also catalyze this conversion. Superoxides 172-196 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Rattus norvegicus 211-243 27336467-11 2016 CONCLUSION: Taken together, these results suggest that this Nox4-dependenet O2- production is critical for the apoptosis of HK-2 cells in high glucose. Superoxides 76-78 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 60-64 29431084-1 2016 Nitric oxide (NO) induces apoptosis selectively in NADPH oxidase-1-expressing malignant cells through peroxynitrite formation after the interaction of NO with extracellular superoxide anions. Superoxides 173-190 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 51-66 28119757-10 2016 Enzymatic scavenging of the intracellular superoxide at acupoints LI 20 proved to be effective in treating allergic rhinitis, while no improvement was observed with the placebo group and TTN group. Superoxides 42-52 titin Homo sapiens 187-190 6096475-4 1984 Release of superoxide anion (O-2) was up to 7-times greater in cells preincubated with LPS, depending upon the stimulus used. Superoxides 11-27 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 29-32 26398710-8 2016 FL3 and FL37 protected against TNFalpha-induced mitochondrial superoxide generation by preserving respiratory chain complex I activity and prohibitin expression. Superoxides 62-72 prohibitin 1 Homo sapiens 139-149 26823950-2 2016 In addition to this housekeeping function, mammalian XOR is a physiological source of superoxide ion, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide, which can function as second messengers in the activation of various pathways. Superoxides 86-96 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 53-56 27630759-1 2016 Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) converts superoxide anions to hydrogen peroxide and oxygen. Superoxides 53-70 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 38-42 27630759-6 2016 Elevating cellular superoxide production reduced SOD2 protein content. Superoxides 19-29 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 49-53 27630759-11 2016 Increased cellular superoxide anion production might affect SOD2 protein content. Superoxides 19-35 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 60-64 28053678-4 2016 Mitochondria-located manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD, SOD2) successfully converts superoxide to the less reactive hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 31-41 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 53-58 28053678-4 2016 Mitochondria-located manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD, SOD2) successfully converts superoxide to the less reactive hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 31-41 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 60-64 26569557-5 2015 The reaction rate constant of PF-1 with O2( -) (kPF-1) was pH-dependent: (3.2-23.5) x 10(7) M(-1) s(-1) at pHTOT 7.65-8.50. Superoxides 40-42 PHD finger protein 12 Homo sapiens 30-34 26569557-8 2015 The photoformation of fluorescein, due to the reaction of PF-1 with the O2( -) photochemically produced in the seawater, was linear within the 20 min irradiation. Superoxides 72-78 PHD finger protein 12 Homo sapiens 58-62 26449263-9 2015 Nox4 knockdown resulted in inhibition of mitochondrial superoxide production and decreased basal and TGF-beta-stimulated collagen and alpha-SMA expression. Superoxides 55-65 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-4 6093657-1 1984 Phagocytosis of Mycobacterium intracellulare triggered the release of superoxide anion (O-2) from mouse peritoneal macrophages; the amount release from BCG-activated cells was significantly greater than that from resident cells. Superoxides 70-86 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 88-91 26449263-15 2015 beta-arrestin expression was upregulated in HF and plays an important and newly identified role in regulating mitochondrial superoxide production via Nox4. Superoxides 124-134 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 150-154 26391462-5 2015 Superoxide scavenging and inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) abrogated upregulation of HO-1 expression by elevated glucose. Superoxides 0-10 heme oxygenase 1 Bos taurus 107-111 26409225-7 2015 Our data showed that Ulk1 on entering into mitochondria inhibits the manganese dismutase activity and intensifies the mitochondrial superoxide level. Superoxides 132-142 unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 Homo sapiens 21-25 25628311-11 2015 Analysis of protein and mRNA expression determined that the angiotensin II receptor At1R was implicated in modulation of the NADPH-dependent pathway of superoxide generation. Superoxides 152-162 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Rattus norvegicus 84-88 26621324-3 2015 Here we identify a globin (GLB-12) that produces superoxide, a type of ROS, which serves as an essential signal for reproduction in C. elegans. Superoxides 49-59 GLOBIN domain-containing protein Caenorhabditis elegans 27-33 26621324-5 2015 We further describe how GLB-12 displays specific molecular, biochemical and structural properties that allow this globin to act as a superoxide generator. Superoxides 133-143 GLOBIN domain-containing protein Caenorhabditis elegans 24-30 26359457-5 2015 Sod2 is an antioxidant enzyme that converts highly reactive superoxide (O2 ( -)) to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxygen (O2), and our data demonstrate that Sod2 is protumorigenic and prometastatic in OCCC. Superoxides 60-70 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 6439185-3 1984 O2.-forming activity was co-purified with cytochrome b-245 and was associated with phospholipids. Superoxides 0-2 cytochrome b Sus scrofa 42-54 26359457-5 2015 Sod2 is an antioxidant enzyme that converts highly reactive superoxide (O2 ( -)) to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxygen (O2), and our data demonstrate that Sod2 is protumorigenic and prometastatic in OCCC. Superoxides 60-70 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 156-160 26504017-0 2015 Intercellular HOCl-mediated Apoptosis Induction in Malignant Cells: Interplay Between NOX1-Dependent Superoxide Anion Generation and DUOX-related HOCl-generating Peroxidase Activity. Superoxides 101-117 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 86-90 6497852-7 1984 Three different additives, quinacrine, p-chloromercuribenzoate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, strongly inhibited O2.- generation; they also inhibited the reduction by NADPH of cytochrome b at the same low concentrations. Superoxides 118-120 cytochrome b Sus scrofa 181-193 6497852-11 1984 The oxidase was temperature-sensitive, with a sharp maximum at 25 degrees C; temperatures above this caused loss of O2.- generation, and this coincided with loss of the characteristic cytochrome b spectrum, indicate of denaturation of the cytochrome. Superoxides 116-118 cytochrome b Sus scrofa 184-196 26144375-6 2015 In such mechanism, AT1 activation leads to the aortic release of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which stimulates NAD(P)H oxidase/Nox1-driven generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 153-163 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 127-131 6090448-1 1984 cis-Unsaturated fatty acids stimulate release of superoxide (O-2) by human neutrophils (Badwey, J. Superoxides 49-59 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 61-64 26298737-9 2015 RESULTS: Nox2ds-tat inhibited Nox-derived superoxide determined by cytochrome C in carotid arteries (2.3 +- 0.1 vs 1.7 +- 0.1 O2( -) nmol/min*mg protein; P < 0.01) and caused a significant regression in atherosclerotic plaques in aorta (66 +- 6 mum(2) vs 37 +- 1 mum(2); scrmb vs. Nox2ds-tat; P < 0.001). Superoxides 42-52 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 9-13 6093764-4 1984 It was proposed that allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, would decrease the rate of superoxide formation thus delaying the onset of oxygen-induced seizures. Superoxides 91-101 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 36-52 26241336-8 2015 Ang II (1 muM, 3 h) induced the expression of nNOS and NADPH oxidase, caused NO and superoxide anion accumulation, thus leading to excessive oxidative stress. Superoxides 84-100 nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal Mus musculus 46-50 25704923-6 2015 We have demonstrated that CsA administration increases superoxide concentration in the aorta, decreases the NO concentration, reduces GFR and the Jv in PT, and induces a significant increase in BP. Superoxides 55-65 ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit Homo sapiens 26-29 6270983-4 1981 The mechanism of methemoglobin formation by nitrite was discussed in regard to the oxidation of hemoglobin by superoxide and hydrogen peroxide as generated by the interaction of nitrite with hemoglobin. Superoxides 110-120 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 17-30 6249851-3 1980 In addition to stimulation of PMN motility, chemotactic factors also stimulate degranulation and superoxide ion (O-2) generation and it has been suggested that alteration of membrane potential activates these events (Korchak, H. M., and G. Weissmann. Superoxides 97-107 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 113-116 6248123-1 1980 The superoxide free radical has been spin trapped in microsomal incubations containing adriamycin, daunorubicin, and mitomycin C. Superoxides 4-14 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 6248123-2 1980 The time sequence of the appearance of the spin-trapped superoxide and the semiquinone radical metabolite of these quinone-containing anticancer drugs indicates that air oxidation of the semiquinone is responsible for the superoxide formation. Superoxides 56-66 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 43-47 6248123-2 1980 The time sequence of the appearance of the spin-trapped superoxide and the semiquinone radical metabolite of these quinone-containing anticancer drugs indicates that air oxidation of the semiquinone is responsible for the superoxide formation. Superoxides 222-232 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 43-47 6248123-3 1980 Superoxide dismutase prevents the formation of the superoxide spin adducts. Superoxides 51-61 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 62-66 26139608-9 2015 Superoxide generation also was suppressed in Lrat(-/-) diabetic mice. Superoxides 0-10 lecithin-retinol acyltransferase (phosphatidylcholine-retinol-O-acyltransferase) Mus musculus 45-49 26349987-1 2015 AD is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by aggregated amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide, and oxidative stress, while uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is a member of the anion carrier family, predicted the existence of a protein-regulated proton leak with the main purpose of controlling mitochondrial oxidative stress, reduce the generation of superoxide anion. Superoxides 349-365 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 127-147 26349987-1 2015 AD is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by aggregated amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide, and oxidative stress, while uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) is a member of the anion carrier family, predicted the existence of a protein-regulated proton leak with the main purpose of controlling mitochondrial oxidative stress, reduce the generation of superoxide anion. Superoxides 349-365 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 149-153 25908444-2 2015 Manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) is the major enzymatic superoxide scavenger present in the mitochondrial matrix and one of the most crucial reactive oxygen species-scavenging enzymes in the cell. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-36 25908444-6 2015 These SOD2 mutations affected the superoxide-scavenging activity in vitro and in HEK293T cells. Superoxides 34-44 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 6-10 25908444-10 2015 Thus, the entry of the superoxide anion into the coordinated core of SOD2 was inhibited. Superoxides 23-39 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 69-73 26108578-4 2015 We herein demonstrate that mechanical loading promoted mitochondrial superoxide generation and selective Sod2 downregulation in chondrocytes in vivo and that mitochondrial superoxide inducer also downregulated Sod2 expression in chondrocytes in vitro. Superoxides 172-182 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 210-214 26108578-5 2015 A genetically manipulated model revealed that Sod2 deficiency in chondrocytes also resulted in mitochondrial superoxide overproduction and dysfunction, thus leading to cartilage degeneration. Superoxides 109-119 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 46-50 26181366-5 2015 Moreover, ectopic overexpression of UCP2 in a HCC cell line with low endogenous UCP2 expression, HLE, significantly decreased mitochondrial superoxide induction by the anti-cancer drug GEM. Superoxides 140-150 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 36-40 26181366-6 2015 Conversely, UCP2 mRNA silencing by RNA interference in HCC cell lines with high endogenous UCP2 expression significantly enhanced GEM-induced mitochondrial superoxide generation and apoptosis. Superoxides 156-166 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 12-16 26076008-5 2015 Superoxide production by NOX2 requires the p47(phox) (NCF1) subunit to organize the formation of the NOX2 complex on the cell membrane. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 25-29 26076008-5 2015 Superoxide production by NOX2 requires the p47(phox) (NCF1) subunit to organize the formation of the NOX2 complex on the cell membrane. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 101-105 26065917-10 2015 Furthermore, NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) was responsible for superoxide generation and cell proliferation in nLDL-stimulated hAoSMCs. Superoxides 56-66 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 13-28 26065917-10 2015 Furthermore, NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) was responsible for superoxide generation and cell proliferation in nLDL-stimulated hAoSMCs. Superoxides 56-66 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 30-34 25851180-16 2015 HSV vectors expressing GAD67 in the neuropathic rats reversed the increased signals of mitochondrial superoxide in the spinal dorsal horn. Superoxides 101-111 glutamate decarboxylase 1 Rattus norvegicus 23-28 6928666-1 1980 The intravenous administration of superoxide dismutase (superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) to animals with induced inflammation suppresses the inflammatory response and inhibits leukocyte infiltration into the challenged site, suggesting that neutrophil-generated superoxide reacts with an extracellular precursor to generate a substance chemotactic for neutrophils. Superoxides 34-44 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 78-92 6291560-2 1980 The superoxide anion (O-2) was generated in vitro using the xanthine oxidase-hypoxanthine system. Superoxides 4-20 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 22-25 25112514-10 2015 Additionally, hIAPP-induced accumulation of ROS and superoxide was suppressed by co-treatment with Se-SE. Superoxides 52-62 islet amyloid polypeptide Homo sapiens 14-19 229403-0 1979 Spin trapping of superoxide. Superoxides 17-27 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 25740080-8 2015 To this end, It was found that submicromolar NE dose-dependently inhibited NADPH oxidase (NOX2)-generated superoxide, which contributes to the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of NE. Superoxides 106-116 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 90-94 222348-1 1979 The effects of tetravalent conconavalin A and its succinylated derivative on the intracellular production of superoxide anion (O-2) and its release into cell exterior of peritoneal macrophages were observed. Superoxides 109-125 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 127-130 25940438-9 2015 Thus, we present the novel TSN-S100A11-PLA(2) axis regulating superoxide-dependent apoptosis, triggered by platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents in NSCLC that may be targeted by innovative cancer therapies. Superoxides 62-72 translin Homo sapiens 27-30 219125-4 1979 LDC and TRC in a dose-dependent fashion rapidly inhibited oxygen consumption and superoxide anion (O-2.) Superoxides 81-97 tRNA-Cys (GCA) 24-1 Homo sapiens 8-11 25601712-0 2015 Acute ethanol induces apoptosis by stimulating TRPC6 via elevation of superoxide in oxygenated podocytes. Superoxides 70-80 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 6 Homo sapiens 47-52 4693487-0 1973 Experimental determination of the redox potential of the superoxide radical O 2 . Superoxides 57-75 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 76-79 25792744-3 2015 Here we demonstrate that oxidative stress induced by doxorubicin causes rapid cytoplasmic accumulation of the Rpl13a snoRNAs through a mechanism that requires superoxide and a nuclear splice variant of NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 159-169 ribosomal protein L13a Homo sapiens 110-116 33714113-8 2021 Besides, ANF could inhibit oxidative stress by reducing the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the hippocampus, while elevating amounts of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in the serum of rats. Superoxides 179-189 natriuretic peptide A Rattus norvegicus 9-12 25669908-0 2015 Tat-NR2B9c prevents excitotoxic neuronal superoxide production. Superoxides 41-51 glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B Homo sapiens 4-8 33040403-0 2021 Functional selective FPR1 signaling in favor of an activation of the neutrophil superoxide generating NOX2 complex. Superoxides 80-90 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 102-106 33838472-0 2021 Sustained IKKbeta phosphorylation and NF-kappaB activation by superoxide-induced peroxynitrite-mediated nitrotyrosine modification of B56gamma3 and PP2A inactivation. Superoxides 62-72 component of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase complex Homo sapiens 10-17 25682169-7 2015 Neonatal hyperglycemic rats presented increased activities of G6PD, 6PGD, and Nox, which altogether may be responsible for the enhanced production of superoxide radical anion that was observed. Superoxides 150-174 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 62-66 33647262-8 2021 Fortnight-TSG treatment (100 mg/kg/day) increased serum omentin-1 level, also activated Akt/eNOS signaling and enhanced NO bioactivity; decreased expression of NOX2 and p22phox, suppressed production of superoxide and peroxynitrite anion. Superoxides 203-213 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 160-164 25732085-2 2015 nNOS was reported to decrease superoxide production in the myocardium by inhibiting the function of xanthine oxidoreductase. Superoxides 30-40 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 33388549-4 2021 Here, we identified that Wnt3A promoted superoxide generation, leading to Tyr42 phosphorylation of RhoA through activations of c-Src and Rho-dependent coiled coil kinase 2 (ROCK2) and phosphorylation of p47phox, a component of NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 40-50 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 203-210 25732085-2 2015 nNOS was reported to decrease superoxide production in the myocardium by inhibiting the function of xanthine oxidoreductase. Superoxides 30-40 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 100-123 33716707-5 2021 In the present study, we demonstrated that treatment with exogenous alpha-Syn triggers mitochondrial dysfunction, reflected by the depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane, elevated synthesis of the mitochondrial superoxide anion, and a decrease in cellular ATP level. Superoxides 217-233 synemin Homo sapiens 74-77 25714890-0 2015 The superoxide anion donor, potassium superoxide, induces pain and inflammation in mice through production of reactive oxygen species and cyclooxygenase-2. Superoxides 4-20 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Mus musculus 138-154 25601753-6 2015 In view of the results summarized above, it can be concluded that: (1) the lowered activity of the ERK1/2 pathway is of importance for the inhibition of renal gluconeogenesis found under conditions of lowered superoxide radical production by Nox; (2) the mechanism of this phenomenon includes decreased PEPCK expression, resulting from diminished activity of transcription factor CREB; (3) apocynin-evoked inhibition of renal gluconeogenesis contributes to the hypoglycemic action of this compound observed in diabetic animals. Superoxides 209-227 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 99-105 25697548-6 2015 Exendin-4 and DPP-4 inhibitor linagliptin, but not sitagliptin or vildagliptin, significantly reduced vascular superoxide and improved endothelium-dependent relaxation in the presence of high glucose. Superoxides 111-121 dipeptidylpeptidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 14-19 33574559-4 2021 GAS5 knockdown inhibited the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) level and cell apoptotic rate induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and weakened the inhibitory effects of OGD on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and cell viability in RN-Sc cells, suggesting that GAS5 loss mitigated OGD-triggered oxidative stress and cell injury in RN-Sc cells. Superoxides 183-193 growth arrest specific 5 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 33398523-6 2021 In addition, enhanced NADPH oxidase (Nox) activity, increased levels of superoxide anions and malondialdehyde (MDA), and weakened superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, were all reversed by treatment with Ang-(1-7). Superoxides 72-89 angiogenin, ribonuclease A family, member 2 Rattus norvegicus 203-211 25805929-6 2015 In addition, recent discoveries established a key role of UCP2 in protecting cancer cells from an excessive production of mitochondrial superoxide ions and in the promotion of cancer cell metabolic reprogramming, including aerobic glycolysis stimulation, promotion of cancer progression. Superoxides 136-146 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 58-62 25750260-0 2015 Novel human homologues of p47phox and p67phox participate in activation of superoxide-producing NADPH oxidases. Superoxides 75-85 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 38-45 33355369-5 2021 JNK-IN-8 attenuated myeloperoxidase activity, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase content and the lung wet/dry ratio, and improved the survival rate following lethal injection of LPS. Superoxides 66-76 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 0-3 33114493-1 2020 BACKGROUND: The superoxide-generating enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX2 or gp91phox, the phagocytic isoform) was reported as a major source of oxidative stress in various human diseases. Superoxides 16-26 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 106-110 33114493-1 2020 BACKGROUND: The superoxide-generating enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX2 or gp91phox, the phagocytic isoform) was reported as a major source of oxidative stress in various human diseases. Superoxides 16-26 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 114-122 25713188-7 2015 Restoration of mitochondrial function and superoxide production via activation of AMPK has now been associated with improvement in markers of renal, cardiovascular, and neuronal dysfunction with diabetes. Superoxides 42-52 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1 Homo sapiens 82-86 25713188-8 2015 With this Perspective, approaches that stimulate AMPK and PGC1alpha via exercise, caloric restriction, and medications result in stimulation of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation activity, restore physiologic mitochondrial superoxide production, and promote organ healing. Superoxides 228-238 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1 Homo sapiens 49-53 25561743-6 2015 On the other hand, ectopic expression of Mn-SOD attenuated the arsenite-generated superoxide radical level, abrogated nucleolin-SUMO, and in turn inhibited arsenite-induced apoptosis by reducing GADD45alpha expression. Superoxides 82-100 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 41-47 25671321-8 2015 Further, we show that increasing mitochondrial superoxide levels through deletion of sod-2 or treatment with paraquat can still increase lifespan in clk-1;sod-1 double mutants, which live shorter than clk-1 worms. Superoxides 47-57 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 85-90 25671321-8 2015 Further, we show that increasing mitochondrial superoxide levels through deletion of sod-2 or treatment with paraquat can still increase lifespan in clk-1;sod-1 double mutants, which live shorter than clk-1 worms. Superoxides 47-57 CDC like kinase 1 Homo sapiens 149-154 25699251-1 2015 The superoxide (O( -) 2)-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes consists of a membrane component, cytochrome b 558 (a heterodimer of Nox2 and p22 (phox) ), and four cytosolic components, p47 (phox) , p67 (phox) , p40 (phox) , and Rac. Superoxides 4-14 interleukin 9 Homo sapiens 213-216 25445402-6 2015 Reduction of SBP1 in cancer cells and epirubicin-resistant cells on selenite exposure resulted in a dramatic increase in the generation of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion, which in turn caused oxidative stress and triggered apoptosis. Superoxides 161-177 selenium binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 13-17 25476852-4 2015 Here we hypothesized that Sirt6 function can be regulated via posttranslational modification, focusing on the role of peroxynitrite, one of the major reactive nitrogen species formed by excessive nitric oxide and superoxide generated during disease processes. Superoxides 213-223 sirtuin 6 Homo sapiens 26-31 25476852-5 2015 We found that incubation of purified recombinant Sirt6 protein with 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1; a peroxynitrite donor that generates nitric oxide and superoxide simultaneously) increased Sirt6 tyrosine nitration and decreased its intrinsic catalytic activity. Superoxides 154-164 sirtuin 6 Homo sapiens 49-54 25476852-5 2015 We found that incubation of purified recombinant Sirt6 protein with 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1; a peroxynitrite donor that generates nitric oxide and superoxide simultaneously) increased Sirt6 tyrosine nitration and decreased its intrinsic catalytic activity. Superoxides 154-164 sirtuin 6 Homo sapiens 191-196 25858870-5 2015 Of these, manganese-dependent SOD (MnSOD) plays a major role due to its mitochondrial location, i.e., the main site of superoxide (O(2)( -)) production. Superoxides 119-129 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 10-33 25858870-5 2015 Of these, manganese-dependent SOD (MnSOD) plays a major role due to its mitochondrial location, i.e., the main site of superoxide (O(2)( -)) production. Superoxides 119-129 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 35-40 25858870-5 2015 Of these, manganese-dependent SOD (MnSOD) plays a major role due to its mitochondrial location, i.e., the main site of superoxide (O(2)( -)) production. Superoxides 131-135 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 10-33 25858870-5 2015 Of these, manganese-dependent SOD (MnSOD) plays a major role due to its mitochondrial location, i.e., the main site of superoxide (O(2)( -)) production. Superoxides 131-135 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 35-40 25065408-4 2015 RESULTS: CCN2(IV) increased superoxide anion (O2( -)) production in murine aorta (ex vivo and in vivo) and in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Superoxides 28-44 cellular communication network factor 2 Mus musculus 9-13 25065408-4 2015 RESULTS: CCN2(IV) increased superoxide anion (O2( -)) production in murine aorta (ex vivo and in vivo) and in cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Superoxides 46-48 cellular communication network factor 2 Mus musculus 9-13 25065408-5 2015 In isolated murine aorta, CCN2(IV), via O2( -), increased phenylephrine-induced vascular contraction. Superoxides 40-42 cellular communication network factor 2 Mus musculus 26-30 25322462-3 2015 Secondly, we assessed the cerebrovascular actions of ghrelin-related peptides by examining their effects on vasodilator nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide production. Superoxides 142-152 ghrelin Mus musculus 53-60 33059489-0 2020 Mechanistic Computational Modeling of the Kinetics and Regulation of NADPH Oxidase 2 Assembly and Activation Facilitating Superoxide Production. Superoxides 122-132 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 69-84 32940351-10 2020 Moreover, the RAFF pretreatment also significantly decreased the liver malondialdehyde activity and prevented the CCl4 -induced decrease in liver superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and reduced glutathione levels. Superoxides 146-156 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 114-118 32791328-2 2020 By genetic screening, we found that NADPH oxidases (Nox and Duox) associated with superoxide anion (O -2) are responsible for caspase-3 activation and delamination. Superoxides 82-98 Death executioner caspase related to Apopain/Yama Drosophila melanogaster 126-135 32875124-1 2020 Superoxide dismutases, which catalytically remove intracellular superoxide radicals by the disproportionation of molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide, are encoded by the sod-1 to -5 genes in the nematode C. elegans. Superoxides 64-74 Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Caenorhabditis elegans 172-183 32698382-7 2020 These results were accompanied by a significant elevation in superoxide anion production and the activity/protein/gene expression of NADPH oxidase isoforms (NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4), which was also prevented by NOX inhibition. Superoxides 61-77 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 157-161 32698382-7 2020 These results were accompanied by a significant elevation in superoxide anion production and the activity/protein/gene expression of NADPH oxidase isoforms (NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4), which was also prevented by NOX inhibition. Superoxides 61-77 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 163-167 32698382-7 2020 These results were accompanied by a significant elevation in superoxide anion production and the activity/protein/gene expression of NADPH oxidase isoforms (NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4), which was also prevented by NOX inhibition. Superoxides 61-77 NADPH oxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 173-177 25520316-0 2015 Superoxide anion radicals induce IGF-1 resistance through concomitant activation of PTP1B and PTEN. Superoxides 0-25 insulin-like growth factor 1 Mus musculus 33-38 25520316-3 2015 We report here that IGF-1 signalling in vitro and in a murine ageing model in vivo is suppressed in response to accumulation of superoxide anions (O2 -) in mitochondria, either by chemical inhibition of complex I or by genetic silencing of O2 --dismutating mitochondrial Sod2. Superoxides 128-145 insulin-like growth factor 1 Mus musculus 20-25 25520316-3 2015 We report here that IGF-1 signalling in vitro and in a murine ageing model in vivo is suppressed in response to accumulation of superoxide anions (O2 -) in mitochondria, either by chemical inhibition of complex I or by genetic silencing of O2 --dismutating mitochondrial Sod2. Superoxides 147-149 insulin-like growth factor 1 Mus musculus 20-25 25520316-3 2015 We report here that IGF-1 signalling in vitro and in a murine ageing model in vivo is suppressed in response to accumulation of superoxide anions (O2 -) in mitochondria, either by chemical inhibition of complex I or by genetic silencing of O2 --dismutating mitochondrial Sod2. Superoxides 240-242 insulin-like growth factor 1 Mus musculus 20-25 25520316-5 2015 Enhanced O2 - led to activation of the phosphatases PTP1B and PTEN, which via dephosphorylation of the IGF-1 receptor and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate dampened IGF-1 signalling. Superoxides 9-11 insulin-like growth factor 1 Mus musculus 103-108 25520316-5 2015 Enhanced O2 - led to activation of the phosphatases PTP1B and PTEN, which via dephosphorylation of the IGF-1 receptor and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate dampened IGF-1 signalling. Superoxides 9-11 insulin-like growth factor 1 Mus musculus 171-176 25520316-6 2015 Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of PTP1B and PTEN abrogated O2 --induced IGF-1 resistance and rescued the ageing skin phenotype. Superoxides 65-67 insulin-like growth factor 1 Mus musculus 78-83 25326132-8 2015 Importantly, we also observed an induction of Notch3 and Hes1 expression in two murine models of muscle atrophy: a doxorubicin-induced cachexia model and an ALS murine model expressing mutated superoxide dismutase 1. Superoxides 193-203 hes family bHLH transcription factor 1 Mus musculus 57-61 32428594-11 2020 Both CAR overexpression and BALIAD culturing decreased mitochondrial superoxide levels. Superoxides 69-79 nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group I member 3 Homo sapiens 5-8 31883161-9 2020 In the present study, exposure to Abeta was associated with oxidative stress, whereas levels of retinal glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase were significantly increased in BDNF-treated than in Abeta1-40-treated rats. Superoxides 123-133 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 196-200 32471175-8 2020 We found that overexpression of Nanog is responsible for attenuating Abeta-triggered neuronal insulin resistance, which restores cell survival through reducing intracellular mitochondrial superoxide accumulation and cellular senescence. Superoxides 188-198 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 69-74 31972339-2 2020 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) is important for removing extracellular superoxide anions and is highly expressed in renal tissue. Superoxides 82-92 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 36-40 32223145-0 2020 Intracellular generation of superoxide by TiO2 nanoparticles decreases histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9), an epigenetic modifier. Superoxides 28-38 histone deacetylase 9 Homo sapiens 71-92 32223145-0 2020 Intracellular generation of superoxide by TiO2 nanoparticles decreases histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9), an epigenetic modifier. Superoxides 28-38 histone deacetylase 9 Homo sapiens 94-99 32223145-4 2020 These experiments show that TiO2 nanoparticles generate superoxide, both in solution and in cells, and this intracellular superoxide decreases expression of histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9), an epigenetic modifier. Superoxides 56-66 histone deacetylase 9 Homo sapiens 157-178 32223145-4 2020 These experiments show that TiO2 nanoparticles generate superoxide, both in solution and in cells, and this intracellular superoxide decreases expression of histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9), an epigenetic modifier. Superoxides 56-66 histone deacetylase 9 Homo sapiens 180-185 32223145-4 2020 These experiments show that TiO2 nanoparticles generate superoxide, both in solution and in cells, and this intracellular superoxide decreases expression of histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9), an epigenetic modifier. Superoxides 122-132 histone deacetylase 9 Homo sapiens 157-178 32223145-4 2020 These experiments show that TiO2 nanoparticles generate superoxide, both in solution and in cells, and this intracellular superoxide decreases expression of histone deacetylase 9 (HDAC9), an epigenetic modifier. Superoxides 122-132 histone deacetylase 9 Homo sapiens 180-185 31834338-2 2020 Herein, a single-liquid miniature glucose-O2 fuel cell was constructed by using gas diffusion electrodes, which were prepared by immobilizing glucose oxidase (GOx) or laccase (Lac) modified on a porous structured carbon paper (CP). Superoxides 42-44 hydroxyacid oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 142-157 31834338-2 2020 Herein, a single-liquid miniature glucose-O2 fuel cell was constructed by using gas diffusion electrodes, which were prepared by immobilizing glucose oxidase (GOx) or laccase (Lac) modified on a porous structured carbon paper (CP). Superoxides 42-44 hydroxyacid oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 159-162 32027481-13 2020 The 1O2-activatable SPN-based protherapeutic agents are constructed through covalent conjugation of SPNs with caged therapeutic agents via hypoxia- or 1O2-cleavable linkers. Superoxides 4-7 DEAF1 transcription factor Homo sapiens 20-23 32027481-13 2020 The 1O2-activatable SPN-based protherapeutic agents are constructed through covalent conjugation of SPNs with caged therapeutic agents via hypoxia- or 1O2-cleavable linkers. Superoxides 151-154 DEAF1 transcription factor Homo sapiens 20-23 32426457-4 2020 Respiratory restoration by AOX prevented acute HPV and hypoxic responses of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC), acute hypoxia-induced redox changes of NADH and cytochrome c, and superoxide production. Superoxides 190-200 acyl-Coenzyme A oxidase 1, palmitoyl Mus musculus 27-30 31864059-6 2020 The contribution of O2- to Tyr"s phototransformation process was the difference between the total contribution of O2- and 1O2 and the individual contribution of 1O2. Superoxides 20-22 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 114-125 31868938-6 2020 In addition, GCN2 knockdown significantly suppressed the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in high glucose-stimulated ARPE-19 cells. Superoxides 149-159 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 4 Homo sapiens 13-17 25326534-6 2014 Aortic superoxide production and expression of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) were increased in old vehicle mice (P < 0.05), and ex vivo administration of the superoxide scavenger TEMPOL restored EDD in that group. Superoxides 154-164 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 64-68 31749214-6 2020 Data showed that the oxidative damage resulted from radiation exposure, appeared by marked increments in the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the level and protein expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) with a noticeable decline in the level and expression of thioredoxin 1 (Trx-1) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), as well as glutathione (GSH) level and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Superoxides 387-397 thioredoxin interacting protein Rattus norvegicus 212-217 25326583-0 2014 Nox2-dependent glutathionylation of endothelial NOS leads to uncoupled superoxide production and endothelial barrier dysfunction in acute lung injury. Superoxides 71-81 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 0-4 24769119-4 2014 We tested the significance of UCP1 for glycerol-3-phosphate-supported ROS production by three methods (fluorescent dihydroethidium and the ESR probe PHH for superoxide, and fluorescent Amplex Red for hydrogen peroxide), and followed ROS production also with succinate, acyl-CoA or pyruvate as substrate. Superoxides 157-167 uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 30-34 25490417-4 2014 Treatment of hph1 mice with recombinant human EPO (1000 U/kg, subcutaneously for 3 days) significantly decreased superoxide anion production by eNOS and improved BH4 to 7,8-BH2 ratio in aortas. Superoxides 113-129 hyperphenylalaninemia 1 Mus musculus 13-17 25151272-6 2014 Superoxide anion (O2(.-)) accumulation was measured with the reduction of ferricytochrome c. Compared with the control group, angiotensin II up-regulated expression of PKCbetaII, Pin-1 and PP2A, induced p66(Shc)-Ser(36) phosphorylation, and facilitated p66(Shc) mitochondrial translocation, resulting in O2(.-) accumulation, mitochondrial cytochrome c release, caspase 3 activation, and the inhibition of cell viability. Superoxides 0-16 protein phosphatase 2 (formerly 2A), catalytic subunit, alpha isoform Mus musculus 189-193 25189573-1 2014 OBJECTIVE: Although nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2) is reportedly essential for phagocyte host defenses, it has been found to aggravate atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E (Apoe)-null mice through excess production of superoxide. Superoxides 247-257 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 20-73 31880947-3 2020 Previous studies have reported that NMDA receptor (NMDAR) activation increases NOX2-mediated superoxide generation, resulting in inhibition of NMDAR function, but whether NOX2 impacts NMDAR function in PAE animals leading to impaired LTP and memory formation remains unknown. Superoxides 93-103 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 79-83 32121598-10 2020 Overexpression of miR155-5p inhibited VSMC migration and superoxide anion and IL-1beta production in VSMCs of SHR but had no impact on exogenous Ang II-induced VSMC migration and on superoxide anion and IL-1beta production in WKY rats and SHR. Superoxides 57-73 microRNA 155 Rattus norvegicus 18-24 32121598-11 2020 These results indicate that miR155-5p inhibits VSMC migration in SHR by suppressing ACE expression and its downstream production of Ang II, superoxide anion, and inflammatory factors. Superoxides 140-156 microRNA 155 Rattus norvegicus 28-34 31517390-9 2020 In an MCAO model, overexpressing miR-31 and silencing PKD1 reduced neuronal injury, cerebral infarct volume, neuron loss, and oxidative stress injury, inhibited the activation of JAK/STAT3 pathway and the expressions of PKD1, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, malondialdehyde, 4-HNE, 8-HOdG, caspase-3, and Bax, but increased the superoxide dismutase content. Superoxides 355-365 protein kinase D1 Mus musculus 54-58 32011969-3 2021 A significant upregulated expression of Bcl2 and PCNA genes and significantly downregulated expression of Casp3 and p53 were observed in the blastocysts at 5% than those at 20% O2. Superoxides 177-179 cellular tumor antigen p53 Ovis aries 116-119 32011969-5 2021 Among the pluripotency related transcripts, the expression of Oct4 was significantly upregulated and the expression of Sox2 and Nanog was significantly downregulated in embryos at 5% than at 20% O2. Superoxides 195-197 transcription factor SOX-2 Ovis aries 119-123 25189573-1 2014 OBJECTIVE: Although nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2) is reportedly essential for phagocyte host defenses, it has been found to aggravate atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E (Apoe)-null mice through excess production of superoxide. Superoxides 247-257 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 75-79 25243829-0 2014 Measurement and characterization of superoxide generation from xanthine dehydrogenase: a redox-regulated pathway of radical generation in ischemic tissues. Superoxides 36-46 xanthine dehydrogenase Gallus gallus 63-85 31608496-6 2020 Knockdown of ALK7 suppressed HG-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as well elevated the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) in ARPE-19 cells. Superoxides 117-127 activin A receptor type 1C Homo sapiens 13-17 31964409-7 2020 Mechanistically, we identified lncRNA-NEAT1 as a mediator of exosomeMIF by regulating the expression of miR-142-3p and activating Forkhead class O1 (FOXO1). Superoxides 145-147 nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 Homo sapiens 38-43 25243829-4 2014 It is also possible that XDH could generate significant quantities of superoxide, O2-, for cellular signaling or injury; however, this possibility and its potential ramifications have not been previously considered. Superoxides 70-80 xanthine dehydrogenase Gallus gallus 25-28 31738973-5 2020 OGD could further induce progenitor cells proliferation and differentiation into O4 + OL precursor cells by activating CaSR, but OGD also induced more necrosis and apoptosis of newborn cells and less MBP + OL formation. Superoxides 81-83 calcium-sensing receptor Rattus norvegicus 119-123 25243829-4 2014 It is also possible that XDH could generate significant quantities of superoxide, O2-, for cellular signaling or injury; however, this possibility and its potential ramifications have not been previously considered. Superoxides 83-85 xanthine dehydrogenase Gallus gallus 25-28 25243829-5 2014 To unambiguously determine if XDH can be a significant source of O2-, experiments were performed to measure and characterize O2- generation using XDH from chicken liver that is locked in the dehydrogenase conformation. Superoxides 66-68 xanthine dehydrogenase Gallus gallus 30-33 25243829-5 2014 To unambiguously determine if XDH can be a significant source of O2-, experiments were performed to measure and characterize O2- generation using XDH from chicken liver that is locked in the dehydrogenase conformation. Superoxides 127-129 xanthine dehydrogenase Gallus gallus 148-151 31735084-5 2020 Generation of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was increased in hypertensive VSMCs, effects associated with activation of redox-sensitive PARP1 (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1), a TRPM2 regulator. Superoxides 14-24 poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1 Mus musculus 151-156 25243829-6 2014 Electron paramagnetic resonance spin trapping experiments with 5-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-5-methyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide demonstrated that XDH in the presence of xanthine produces significant amounts of O2-. Superoxides 198-200 xanthine dehydrogenase Gallus gallus 133-136 31735084-5 2020 Generation of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was increased in hypertensive VSMCs, effects associated with activation of redox-sensitive PARP1 (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1), a TRPM2 regulator. Superoxides 14-24 poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1 Mus musculus 158-188 31735084-5 2020 Generation of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was increased in hypertensive VSMCs, effects associated with activation of redox-sensitive PARP1 (poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1), a TRPM2 regulator. Superoxides 14-24 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 Mus musculus 193-198 31871552-12 2019 A superoxide donor xanthine+xanthine oxidase elevated caveolin-1 or Rab5c levels. Superoxides 2-12 RAB5C, member RAS oncogene family Homo sapiens 68-73 25243829-7 2014 NAD+ and NADH inhibited the generation of O2- from XDH in a dose-dependent manner, with NAD+ exhibiting stronger inhibition than NADH at low physiological concentrations. Superoxides 43-45 xanthine dehydrogenase Gallus gallus 52-55 25243829-8 2014 Decreased amounts of NAD+ and NADH, which occur during and following tissue ischemia, enhanced the generation of O2- from XDH in the presence of xanthine. Superoxides 114-116 xanthine dehydrogenase Gallus gallus 123-126 25243829-10 2014 Thus, XDH can be an important redox-regulated source of O2- generation in ischemic tissue, and conversion to XO is not required to activate radical formation and subsequent tissue injury. Superoxides 57-59 xanthine dehydrogenase Gallus gallus 6-9 25115801-0 2014 B-Type natriuretic peptide suppression of neutrophil superoxide generation: mechanistic studies in normal subjects. Superoxides 53-63 natriuretic peptide B Homo sapiens 0-26 31638769-7 2019 Last but not least, the L/O-BFC with the direct electron transfer (DET)-type lactate oxidase(LOx) anode and the Fe-N-C cathode produced an superior open circuit potential (OCP) of 0.264 V and a maximum output power density (OPD) of 24.430 muW cm-2 in O2 saturated 95.020 mM lactate solution. Superoxides 251-253 lysyl oxidase Homo sapiens 77-92 31638769-7 2019 Last but not least, the L/O-BFC with the direct electron transfer (DET)-type lactate oxidase(LOx) anode and the Fe-N-C cathode produced an superior open circuit potential (OCP) of 0.264 V and a maximum output power density (OPD) of 24.430 muW cm-2 in O2 saturated 95.020 mM lactate solution. Superoxides 251-253 lysyl oxidase Homo sapiens 93-96 25115801-5 2014 B-Type natriuretic peptide suppressed O2 (-) release from neutrophils by 23 +- 6% (P < 0.001) and 24 +- 8% (P < 0.05) following PMA and fMLP stimulation, respectively. Superoxides 38-40 natriuretic peptide B Homo sapiens 0-26 31602247-5 2019 Tetrahydrocurcumin effectively decreased the gene expression of matrix metalloproteinase-3 and -13, as well as cyclooxygenase-2, promoted the phosphorylation of Akt and enhanced the protein expression of forkhead box (FOX)O4 in SCI rats. Superoxides 222-224 matrix metallopeptidase 3 Rattus norvegicus 64-98 25209287-4 2014 Mechanistically, the actions of submicromolar levels of SP were NK1R-dependent, whereas subpicomolar SP-elicited actions required microglial NADPH oxidase (NOX2), the key superoxide-producing enzyme, but not NK1R. Superoxides 171-181 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 156-160 31736979-3 2019 Superoxide anion is produced by the phagocyte NADPH oxidase/NOX2, a multicomponent enzyme system consisting of six proteins: two trans-membrane proteins (gp91 phox and p22 phox ) and four soluble cytosolic proteins (p40 phox , p67 phox , p47 phox , and the small G-proteins, Rac1/2). Superoxides 0-16 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 60-64 31736979-3 2019 Superoxide anion is produced by the phagocyte NADPH oxidase/NOX2, a multicomponent enzyme system consisting of six proteins: two trans-membrane proteins (gp91 phox and p22 phox ) and four soluble cytosolic proteins (p40 phox , p67 phox , p47 phox , and the small G-proteins, Rac1/2). Superoxides 0-16 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 238-246 31736979-3 2019 Superoxide anion is produced by the phagocyte NADPH oxidase/NOX2, a multicomponent enzyme system consisting of six proteins: two trans-membrane proteins (gp91 phox and p22 phox ) and four soluble cytosolic proteins (p40 phox , p67 phox , p47 phox , and the small G-proteins, Rac1/2). Superoxides 0-16 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 275-281 25144692-9 2014 A credible photodegradation mechanism for the MB dye deploying ZnO/Ag2S core/shell nanostructures is proposed from the analysis of involved active species such as hydroxyl radicals (OH( )), electrons (e(-)(CB)), holes (h(+)(VB)), and superoxide radical anions (O2( -)) in the photodegradation process utilizing various active species scavengers and EPR spectroscopy. Superoxides 234-259 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 67-71 31719817-8 2019 The metabolism could potentially create by-products, like superoxide or hydrogen peroxide, which could act as strong reducing agents and oxidize hemoglobin into ferric containing methemoglobin. Superoxides 58-68 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 179-192 25144692-9 2014 A credible photodegradation mechanism for the MB dye deploying ZnO/Ag2S core/shell nanostructures is proposed from the analysis of involved active species such as hydroxyl radicals (OH( )), electrons (e(-)(CB)), holes (h(+)(VB)), and superoxide radical anions (O2( -)) in the photodegradation process utilizing various active species scavengers and EPR spectroscopy. Superoxides 261-263 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 67-71 24520084-2 2014 The goal of this study was to investigate whether nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX), a major source of superoxide and subsequent oxidative stress, was differentially regulated in myometrium versus leiomyoma. Superoxides 127-137 dual oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 50-101 30582943-0 2019 Superoxide anions modulate the performance of apelin in the paraventricular nucleus on sympathetic activity and blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Superoxides 0-17 apelin Rattus norvegicus 46-52 30582943-1 2019 The present study was designed to determine how apelin in paraventricular nucleus (PVN) modulates the renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA), arterial blood pressure (ABP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR), and whether superoxide anions regulate the performance of PVN apelin in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Superoxides 237-254 apelin Rattus norvegicus 48-54 30582943-7 2019 PVN microinjection of superoxide anion scavengers tempol and tiron, or NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor apocynin, decreased the RSNA, ABP, MAP and HR in SHRs, and inhibited the effects of apelin, but the superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor diethyldithiocarbamic acid (DETC) potentiated the effects of apelin. Superoxides 22-38 apelin Rattus norvegicus 181-187 30582943-7 2019 PVN microinjection of superoxide anion scavengers tempol and tiron, or NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor apocynin, decreased the RSNA, ABP, MAP and HR in SHRs, and inhibited the effects of apelin, but the superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitor diethyldithiocarbamic acid (DETC) potentiated the effects of apelin. Superoxides 22-38 apelin Rattus norvegicus 295-301 30582943-8 2019 NAD(P)H oxidase activity and superoxide anion levels in PVN were increased by apelin, but decreased by APJ antagonist F13A. Superoxides 29-45 apelin Rattus norvegicus 78-84 30582943-9 2019 The apelin-induced increases in NAD(P)H oxidase activity and superoxide anion level were abolished by pre-treatment with F13A. Superoxides 61-77 apelin Rattus norvegicus 4-10 24990530-2 2014 The stable solid compound, o-DAP, the oxidative form of 3,7-bis(4-methylaminophenyl)-10H-phenothiazine, can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS, singlet oxygen and superoxide) under appropriate irradiation conditions. Superoxides 166-176 death associated protein Homo sapiens 29-32 30582943-11 2019 The enhanced activity of endogenous apelin and APJ receptor in PVN contributes to sympathetic activation in hypertension, and the superoxide anion is involved in these apelin-mediated processes in PVN. Superoxides 130-146 apelin Rattus norvegicus 36-42 30582943-11 2019 The enhanced activity of endogenous apelin and APJ receptor in PVN contributes to sympathetic activation in hypertension, and the superoxide anion is involved in these apelin-mediated processes in PVN. Superoxides 130-146 apelin Rattus norvegicus 168-174 31737212-8 2019 Loss-of-function experiments indicated that treatment of the cells with inhibitors against miR-217 and miR-138-5p promoted cell viability and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, while the induction of cell apoptosis, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) release were inhibited in MPP+-induced SH-SY5Y cells. Superoxides 142-152 microRNA 217 Homo sapiens 91-98 24657416-6 2014 CB1 upregulation and enhanced fibrotic changes were also observed in normal HSCs treated with soluble egg antigen (SEA) from Schistosoma J. Electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis further demonstrated that superoxide (O2(-)) production was increased in infected HSCs or normal HSCs stimulated with SEA. Superoxides 205-215 cannabinoid receptor 1 (brain) Mus musculus 0-3 30995535-7 2019 Growing evidence points to an increase in ROS (mitochondria- and/or NADPH-derived superoxide and/or H2O2), leading to inhibition of voltage-gated K+ channels, membrane depolarization, and activation of voltage-gated L-type Ca2+ channels as critical events in the signaling pathway of both HPV and NDAV. Superoxides 82-92 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 68-73 24657416-7 2014 Both Nox4 and Nox1 siRNA prevented SEA-induced upregulation of CB1, alpha-SMA, collagen I, and TIMP-1 by inhibition of O2(-) production, while CB1 siRNA blocked SEA-induced fibrotic changes without effect on O2(-) production in these HSCs. Superoxides 119-121 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 14-18 24778444-2 2014 The antimicrobial effector NADPH oxidase (NOX2), which generates superoxide within maturing phagosomes, has also been shown to regulate activities of cysteine cathepsins through modulation of the lumenal redox potential. Superoxides 65-75 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 42-46 24819633-2 2014 Manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) catalyses the dismutation of superoxide, regulates the metabolism of reactive oxygen species in the mitochondria and is highly expressed in the kidney. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-36 24561578-4 2014 Further, oxLDL induced Nox2/superoxide-dependent TRAF3IP2 expression, IKK/p65 and JNK/c-Jun activation, and LOX-1 upregulation, suggesting a reinforcing mechanism. Superoxides 28-38 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 74-77 24561578-4 2014 Further, oxLDL induced Nox2/superoxide-dependent TRAF3IP2 expression, IKK/p65 and JNK/c-Jun activation, and LOX-1 upregulation, suggesting a reinforcing mechanism. Superoxides 28-38 oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 Homo sapiens 108-113 24561578-7 2014 The activators of the AMPK/Akt pathway, adiponectin, AICAR, and metformin, attenuated superoxide generation, TRAF3IP2 expression, and oxLDL/TRAF3IP2-mediated EC death. Superoxides 86-96 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase/IMP cyclohydrolase Homo sapiens 53-58 23588476-2 2014 The functional Ala-9Val polymorphism of the mitochondrial enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), which detoxifies superoxide radicals to hydrogen peroxide, has been associated with schizophrenia. Superoxides 75-85 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 97-102 24493668-5 2014 We trace the primary intracellular target of calcium to be protein kinase C isoforms alpha and beta (PKCalpha and PKCbeta), which in turn phosphorylate subunits of the oxidase leading to superoxide production. Superoxides 187-197 protein kinase C, beta Mus musculus 114-121 24692674-2 2014 NOX1-derived extracellular superoxide anions are the basis for autocrine stimulation of proliferation, but also drive the HOCl and the NO/peroxynitrite signaling pathways. Superoxides 27-44 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 24692674-6 2014 Due to the co-localization of NOX1, catalase and SOD on the outer membrane of tumor cells, specific inhibition of membrane-associated SOD causes superoxide anion-dependent inhibition of catalase. Superoxides 145-161 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 30-34 24567128-1 2014 Superoxide dismutases (SOD) are able to remove the superoxide anion free radicals produced by environmental stress and thereby protect cells from being injured by reactive oxygen species. Superoxides 51-67 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 23-26 23373897-5 2014 By damaging cells, superoxide and peroxynitrite promote leakage of HMGB1. Superoxides 19-29 high mobility group box 1 Homo sapiens 67-72 31461803-2 2019 Superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3, ECSOD) is the main antioxidant enzyme that removes superoxide anions from cells. Superoxides 81-98 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 0-22 31461803-2 2019 Superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3, ECSOD) is the main antioxidant enzyme that removes superoxide anions from cells. Superoxides 81-98 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 24-28 24379178-8 2014 Treatment with azilsartan or Ang-(1-7) attenuated neointimal area, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, increases in the mRNA levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1beta, and superoxide anion production in the injured artery; however, these inhibitory effects of azilsartan and Ang-(1-7) were less marked in Mas-knockout mice. Superoxides 234-250 angiogenin, ribonuclease, RNase A family, 5 Mus musculus 29-37 31461803-2 2019 Superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3, ECSOD) is the main antioxidant enzyme that removes superoxide anions from cells. Superoxides 81-98 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 30-35 23934545-10 2014 MSE-specific PPARgamma loss resulted in decreased mammary gland expression of PTEN and Bax, increased superoxide anion production, and elevated serum eotaxin and RANTES, creating a protumorigenic environment. Superoxides 102-118 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Mus musculus 13-22 29527950-5 2019 Incorporation of BdE into liposomes preserved its capacity to inhibit the neutrophil superoxide anion and total reactive oxygen species generation, and improved its anti-inflammatory effect in vivo by decreasing the effective BdE dose by nearly sixfold. Superoxides 85-101 homeobox D13 Homo sapiens 17-20 24152968-9 2014 Thus, GLP-1 has a crucial role in protection against increased renal oxidative stress under chronic hyperglycemia, by inhibition of NAD(P)H oxidase, a major source of superoxide, and by cAMP-PKA pathway activation. Superoxides 167-177 glucagon Mus musculus 6-11 24366394-6 2014 Furthermore, overexpression of Sirt6 decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species and superoxide anion levels. Superoxides 89-105 sirtuin 6 Homo sapiens 31-36 24365146-0 2014 N-Linked glycosylation of the superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase Nox1. Superoxides 30-40 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 65-69 24365146-1 2014 Nox1 is a membrane-integrated protein that belongs to the Nox family of superoxide-producing NADPH oxidases. Superoxides 72-82 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 24365146-6 2014 Superoxide production by unglycosylated Nox1 is largely dependent on p22(phox), which is abrogated by glutamine substitution for Pro-156 in p22(phox), a mutation leading to a defective interaction with the Nox1-activating protein Noxo1. Superoxides 0-10 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 40-44 24365146-6 2014 Superoxide production by unglycosylated Nox1 is largely dependent on p22(phox), which is abrogated by glutamine substitution for Pro-156 in p22(phox), a mutation leading to a defective interaction with the Nox1-activating protein Noxo1. Superoxides 0-10 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 206-210 24053613-0 2014 Nox2-induced production of mitochondrial superoxide in angiotensin II-mediated endothelial oxidative stress and hypertension. Superoxides 41-51 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 0-4 24053613-5 2014 Nox2 depletion in gp91phox knockout mice inhibited AngII-induced cellular and mitochondrial O2( -) and attenuated hypertension. Superoxides 92-94 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 0-4 24053613-5 2014 Nox2 depletion in gp91phox knockout mice inhibited AngII-induced cellular and mitochondrial O2( -) and attenuated hypertension. Superoxides 92-94 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 18-26 24141169-8 2014 Denudation of endothelium and blockade of LOX-1 but not CD32 prevented CRP-induced elevation of superoxide in the vessel wall. Superoxides 96-106 oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 Homo sapiens 42-47 24180388-6 2014 nNOS was first found to produce superoxide under L-arginine depletion condition. Superoxides 32-42 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 31103719-5 2019 This effect of active Rac1 could also be rescued by scavengers of intracellular superoxide (O2.-), thus implicating NOX-activating activity of Rac1 in promoting S70pBcl-2. Superoxides 80-90 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 22-26 31103719-5 2019 This effect of active Rac1 could also be rescued by scavengers of intracellular superoxide (O2.-), thus implicating NOX-activating activity of Rac1 in promoting S70pBcl-2. Superoxides 92-94 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 22-26 31103719-5 2019 This effect of active Rac1 could also be rescued by scavengers of intracellular superoxide (O2.-), thus implicating NOX-activating activity of Rac1 in promoting S70pBcl-2. Superoxides 92-94 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 143-147 31146112-7 2019 Notably, we found GSK872 and Nec-1 ameliorated the locomotor function and spinal cord edema, and conferred reverse of SCI-induced loss of mitochondrial integrity, ATP, glutathione and superoxide dismutase and elevation of reactive oxygen species and malonyldialdehyde in SCI-mice. Superoxides 184-194 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 Mus musculus 29-34 31187260-8 2019 Also, CNP activated the vascular NO system and exerted an antioxidant effect in aortic tissue of both groups, diminishing superoxide production and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, and increasing glutathione content. Superoxides 122-132 natriuretic peptide C Rattus norvegicus 6-9 31701714-9 2019 Compared with 21% O2 group, the expressions of Nrf2 mRNA and protein, antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, CAT, HO-1, NQO-1, GPX-1 mRNA were increased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and ROS level was lower (P<0.01) in 12%O2 group cells; only the expression of GPX-1 mRNA was increased (P<0.05) in 8%O2 group; the expressions of Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression, antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, NQO-1, GPX-1 mRNA were decreased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and ROS level was higher (P<0.01) in 5%O2 group. Superoxides 18-20 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1 Mus musculus 113-118 31701714-9 2019 Compared with 21% O2 group, the expressions of Nrf2 mRNA and protein, antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, CAT, HO-1, NQO-1, GPX-1 mRNA were increased significantly (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and ROS level was lower (P<0.01) in 12%O2 group cells; only the expression of GPX-1 mRNA was increased (P<0.05) in 8%O2 group; the expressions of Nrf2 mRNA and protein expression, antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2, NQO-1, GPX-1 mRNA were decreased significantly(P<0.05 or P<0.01), and ROS level was higher (P<0.01) in 5%O2 group. Superoxides 18-20 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1 Mus musculus 404-409 31015037-9 2019 In conclusion, sequential activation of LOX-1, JNK, and L-arginine consuming enzyme arginase-I in diabetes elicits superoxide-dependent oxidative stress and impairs endothelial NO-mediated dilation in coronary arterioles. Superoxides 115-125 oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 Sus scrofa 40-45 31015037-9 2019 In conclusion, sequential activation of LOX-1, JNK, and L-arginine consuming enzyme arginase-I in diabetes elicits superoxide-dependent oxidative stress and impairs endothelial NO-mediated dilation in coronary arterioles. Superoxides 115-125 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Sus scrofa 47-50 30723080-6 2019 Rac2+/E62K mice phenocopy the T- and B-cell lymphopenia, increased neutrophil F-actin, and excessive superoxide production seen in patients. Superoxides 101-111 Rac family small GTPase 2 Mus musculus 0-4 24035314-9 2014 Moreover, renal superoxide production and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) staining were more decreased in the SHR + PIN group than SHRs. Superoxides 16-26 dynein light chain LC8-type 1 Rattus norvegicus 117-120 24077950-9 2013 Thus PECAM-1 (and caveolae) are parts of the mechanosensing machinery that generates superoxide with loss of shear; the resultant ROS potentially drives neutrophil influx and acts as an angiogenic signal. Superoxides 85-95 platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 Mus musculus 5-12 30769160-0 2019 A thermodynamically-constrained mathematical model for the kinetics and regulation of NADPH oxidase 2 complex-mediated electron transfer and superoxide production. Superoxides 141-151 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 86-101 30769160-7 2019 The model incorporates (i) thermodynamics of electron transfer from NADPH to O2 through different redox centers of the NOX2 complex, (ii) dependence of the NOX2 complex activity upon pH and temperature variations, and (iii) distinct inhibitory effects of different drugs on the NOX2 complex activity. Superoxides 77-79 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 119-123 30769160-7 2019 The model incorporates (i) thermodynamics of electron transfer from NADPH to O2 through different redox centers of the NOX2 complex, (ii) dependence of the NOX2 complex activity upon pH and temperature variations, and (iii) distinct inhibitory effects of different drugs on the NOX2 complex activity. Superoxides 77-79 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 156-160 30769160-7 2019 The model incorporates (i) thermodynamics of electron transfer from NADPH to O2 through different redox centers of the NOX2 complex, (ii) dependence of the NOX2 complex activity upon pH and temperature variations, and (iii) distinct inhibitory effects of different drugs on the NOX2 complex activity. Superoxides 77-79 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 156-160 30677425-7 2019 We further found that ASM downregulation blocked the Nox2-dependent superoxide (O2-) generation, which regulated vascular remodeling in AFs under Ang II. Superoxides 68-78 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 53-57 30677425-7 2019 We further found that ASM downregulation blocked the Nox2-dependent superoxide (O2-) generation, which regulated vascular remodeling in AFs under Ang II. Superoxides 80-82 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 53-57 30760703-7 2019 Transfection of Rac1G12V active mutant into HKE3 cells induced PDIA1 to become restrictive of Nox1-dependent superoxide, while in HCT116 cells treated with Rac1 inhibitor, PDIA1 became supportive of superoxide. Superoxides 109-119 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 16-20 30760703-7 2019 Transfection of Rac1G12V active mutant into HKE3 cells induced PDIA1 to become restrictive of Nox1-dependent superoxide, while in HCT116 cells treated with Rac1 inhibitor, PDIA1 became supportive of superoxide. Superoxides 199-209 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 16-20 29334762-7 2019 Whereas PE serum, ox-LDL, progesterone, or soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) elevated superoxide levels via elevating NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) and NOX4 levels and reducing superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1 levels, thereby downregulating KCas. Superoxides 96-106 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 128-143 29334762-7 2019 Whereas PE serum, ox-LDL, progesterone, or soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) elevated superoxide levels via elevating NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) and NOX4 levels and reducing superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1 levels, thereby downregulating KCas. Superoxides 96-106 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 145-149 23832602-2 2013 Superoxide radical-generating menadione and serum deprivation diminished the steady-state mRNA levels for the genes phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), ubiquitin specific peptidase 28 (USP28), damage-regulated autophagy modulator (DRAM), TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR), and cylindromatosis (CYLD). Superoxides 0-18 TP53 induced glycolysis regulatory phosphatase Homo sapiens 241-288 23832602-2 2013 Superoxide radical-generating menadione and serum deprivation diminished the steady-state mRNA levels for the genes phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), ubiquitin specific peptidase 28 (USP28), damage-regulated autophagy modulator (DRAM), TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR), and cylindromatosis (CYLD). Superoxides 0-18 TP53 induced glycolysis regulatory phosphatase Homo sapiens 290-295 24061560-1 2013 Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Sod1) is an abundant intracellular enzyme that catalyzes the disproportionation of superoxide to give hydrogen peroxide and dioxygen. Superoxides 12-22 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 34-38 24117266-5 2013 The results showed that FGF-21 treatment prevented the oxidative stress and apoptosis associated with I/R damage by reducing the levels of superoxide anions, inhibiting glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3beta by activating Akt phosphorylation, and recovering the levels of ATP synthase pyruvate kinase isozymes M1 and protein kinase C, thereby improving energy supply. Superoxides 139-156 fibroblast growth factor 21 Rattus norvegicus 24-30 23566586-3 2013 Among the antioxidant enzymes, the manganese-dependent and mitochondria-specific isoform of SOD (MnSOD) represents the first line of defense against superoxide radicals attack. Superoxides 149-159 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 59-95 23566586-3 2013 Among the antioxidant enzymes, the manganese-dependent and mitochondria-specific isoform of SOD (MnSOD) represents the first line of defense against superoxide radicals attack. Superoxides 149-159 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 97-102 23974215-12 2013 Taken together our findings suggest that inhibition of PKCbeta regulates vimentin secretion and, thereby, its interaction with Dectin-1 and downstream stimulation of superoxide anion production. Superoxides 166-182 protein kinase C beta Homo sapiens 55-62 23957209-0 2013 Phosphorylation of Noxo1 at threonine 341 regulates its interaction with Noxa1 and the superoxide-producing activity of Nox1. Superoxides 87-97 NADPH oxidase organizer 1 Homo sapiens 19-24 30696582-1 2019 Receptor-mediated activation of NADPH oxidase complexes commonly occurs in endosomes; the hydrogen peroxide produced by the dismutation of superoxide generated within the endosomes often functions to boost receptor function by reversibly inhibiting protein tyrosine phosphatases or by promoting formation of signaling complexes. Superoxides 139-149 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 32-37 30696582-2 2019 NADPH oxidase-mediated formation of superoxide entails transfer of two electrons (provided by NADPH) from the cytosol to the endosomal lumen, where two molecules of superoxide are generated. Superoxides 36-46 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 30696582-2 2019 NADPH oxidase-mediated formation of superoxide entails transfer of two electrons (provided by NADPH) from the cytosol to the endosomal lumen, where two molecules of superoxide are generated. Superoxides 36-46 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 94-99 30696582-2 2019 NADPH oxidase-mediated formation of superoxide entails transfer of two electrons (provided by NADPH) from the cytosol to the endosomal lumen, where two molecules of superoxide are generated. Superoxides 165-175 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 30696582-2 2019 NADPH oxidase-mediated formation of superoxide entails transfer of two electrons (provided by NADPH) from the cytosol to the endosomal lumen, where two molecules of superoxide are generated. Superoxides 165-175 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 94-99 30278895-5 2018 As a result, the PACNTF presented higher conductivity and larger current response toward O2 - sensing when compared with CNT precursor and CNTF without PA treatment. Superoxides 89-91 ciliary neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 19-23 29923306-6 2018 We further found that ASM down-regulation blocked the Nox2- and Nox4-dependent superoxide (O2 - ) generation, which regulated glucose metabolism in RAECs during PA stimulation. Superoxides 79-89 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 54-58 29923306-6 2018 We further found that ASM down-regulation blocked the Nox2- and Nox4-dependent superoxide (O2 - ) generation, which regulated glucose metabolism in RAECs during PA stimulation. Superoxides 79-89 NADPH oxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 64-68 29923306-6 2018 We further found that ASM down-regulation blocked the Nox2- and Nox4-dependent superoxide (O2 - ) generation, which regulated glucose metabolism in RAECs during PA stimulation. Superoxides 91-93 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 54-58 29923306-6 2018 We further found that ASM down-regulation blocked the Nox2- and Nox4-dependent superoxide (O2 - ) generation, which regulated glucose metabolism in RAECs during PA stimulation. Superoxides 91-93 NADPH oxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 64-68 30227270-6 2018 Thus, the splicing product SOD&CAT combines the superoxide anion ( O2-) scavenging ability and the ability of decomposing H2O2. Superoxides 52-68 catalase Felis catus 35-38 30227270-6 2018 Thus, the splicing product SOD&CAT combines the superoxide anion ( O2-) scavenging ability and the ability of decomposing H2O2. Superoxides 71-73 catalase Felis catus 35-38 30227270-10 2018 SOD&CAT exhibited a superoxide anion ( O2-) scavenging ability 244% higher than that of SOD and 46% higher than that of the mixed enzymes SOD+CAT. Superoxides 24-40 catalase Felis catus 8-11 30227270-10 2018 SOD&CAT exhibited a superoxide anion ( O2-) scavenging ability 244% higher than that of SOD and 46% higher than that of the mixed enzymes SOD+CAT. Superoxides 43-45 catalase Felis catus 8-11 30317185-10 2018 We conclude that NOX3 is a cytokine-inducible superoxide-generating enzyme in adipocytes, which promotes lipolysis through increasing phosphorylation of HSL. Superoxides 46-56 lipase E, hormone sensitive type Homo sapiens 153-156 29540859-8 2018 Compared with untreated controls, kidney and aorta from SOCS1-treated mice exhibited significantly lower levels of superoxide anion, DNA oxidation marker and NADPH oxidase (Nox) subunits, along with higher expression of antioxidant enzymes. Superoxides 115-131 suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 Mus musculus 56-61 30121389-3 2018 Previously, we identified zinc finger protein 179 (Znf179) as a neuroprotector that increases antioxidant enzymes against superoxide radicals. Superoxides 122-132 ring finger protein 112 Homo sapiens 26-49 30121389-3 2018 Previously, we identified zinc finger protein 179 (Znf179) as a neuroprotector that increases antioxidant enzymes against superoxide radicals. Superoxides 122-132 ring finger protein 112 Homo sapiens 51-57 30247450-9 2018 RESULTS: Cardiotrophin-1 in perfusion and preservation fluids reduced oxidative stress markers (superoxide anion and inducible nitric oxide synthase), inflammation markers (NF-kappaB and tumor necrosis factor-alpha), and vascular damage (vascular cell adhesion molecule-1) and activated leukemia inhibitory factor receptor and STAT-3 survival signaling. Superoxides 96-112 cardiotrophin 1 Rattus norvegicus 9-24 30247450-10 2018 Transplantation of kidneys cold-preserved with CT-1 increased rat survival and renal function (ie, lower plasma creatinine and higher creatinine clearance) and improved kidney damage markers after transplantation (ie, lower superoxide anion, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 and higher NF-kappaB). Superoxides 224-240 cardiotrophin 1 Rattus norvegicus 47-51 29655889-6 2018 TLP-1 from water elution possessed of higher reducing power and scavenging activities against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, superoxide radical and hydroxyl radical than TLP-2 eluted by 0.1M of NaCl. Superoxides 140-158 telomerase associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 29957360-10 2018 This study provides evidence that the anti-osteoclastic effect of CAPE depends upon the attenuated superoxide anion production, which is closely related with interruption of an active Nox1 complex formation due to the attenuated catalytic subunit Nox1 expression resulting from suppression of the IKKbeta/IkappaBalpha/NF-kappaB and JNK/AP-1 signaling pathway and the down-regulation of the p47phox subunit translocation to the cell membrane. Superoxides 99-115 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 332-335 30026602-0 2018 Correction: Superoxide drives progression of Parkin/PINK1-dependent mitophagy following translocation of Parkin to mitochondria. Superoxides 12-22 PTEN induced kinase 1 Homo sapiens 52-57 29710379-8 2018 Besides the identification of known pathways affected by Lon, for example, the superoxide stress response, our cumulative data suggests previously unrecognized fundamental functions of Lon in sulfur assimilation, nucleotide biosynthesis, amino acid and central energy metabolism. Superoxides 79-89 putative ATP-dependent Lon protease Escherichia coli 57-60 29709706-0 2018 Argirein alleviates vascular endothelial insulin resistance through suppressing the activation of Nox4-dependent O2- production in diabetic rats. Superoxides 113-115 NADPH oxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 98-102 29709706-7 2018 We further found that argirein blocked the Nox4-dependent superoxide (O2-.) Superoxides 58-68 NADPH oxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 43-47 29709706-7 2018 We further found that argirein blocked the Nox4-dependent superoxide (O2-.) Superoxides 70-72 NADPH oxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 43-47 29867954-7 2018 Knockout of NoxO1 reduces the production of superoxide in colon crypts and is not subsidized by an elevated expression of its homolog p47phox. Superoxides 44-54 NADPH oxidase organizer 1 Mus musculus 12-17 29723186-4 2018 MPK3/MPK6 activation rapidly alters the expression of photosynthesis-related genes and inhibits photosynthesis, which promotes the accumulation of superoxide ([Formula: see text]) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), two major reactive oxygen species (ROS), in chloroplasts under light. Superoxides 147-157 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Arabidopsis thaliana 0-4 29723186-4 2018 MPK3/MPK6 activation rapidly alters the expression of photosynthesis-related genes and inhibits photosynthesis, which promotes the accumulation of superoxide ([Formula: see text]) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), two major reactive oxygen species (ROS), in chloroplasts under light. Superoxides 147-157 MAP kinase 6 Arabidopsis thaliana 5-9 29136588-8 2018 The calculated concentrations of cell-released O2 - vary from 6.772 to 24.652pM cell-1 for the Zymosan amount used in this work. Superoxides 47-49 carboxyl ester lipase pseudogene Homo sapiens 80-86 29438701-6 2018 Ethanol and SL-CLP augmented superoxide anion (O2-) generation in the mesenteric arterial bed (MAB) of both WT and iNOS-deficient mice. Superoxides 29-45 leucine-rich repeat LGI family, member 4 Mus musculus 15-18 29438701-6 2018 Ethanol and SL-CLP augmented superoxide anion (O2-) generation in the mesenteric arterial bed (MAB) of both WT and iNOS-deficient mice. Superoxides 47-49 leucine-rich repeat LGI family, member 4 Mus musculus 15-18 29371030-4 2018 By applying western blot, it was found that hr5F alleviates the high glucose-induced superoxide overproduction insults by regulating SIRT1-PGC-1alpha/Nrf2 pathway, together with regulating NRF-1, mtTFA, Bax/Bcl-2 to ameliorate cell apoptosis. Superoxides 85-95 sirtuin 1 Homo sapiens 133-138 29352205-9 2018 Integrin alphaMbeta2 was critical for HD-induced NOX2 activation since inhibition or genetic deletion of alphaMbeta2 attenuated NOX2-generated superoxide and p47phox membrane translocation in response to HD. Superoxides 143-153 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 49-53 29352205-9 2018 Integrin alphaMbeta2 was critical for HD-induced NOX2 activation since inhibition or genetic deletion of alphaMbeta2 attenuated NOX2-generated superoxide and p47phox membrane translocation in response to HD. Superoxides 143-153 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 128-132 29135055-4 2018 Irrespective of glycemic status, colostrum and blood cells treated with IL-4 and IL-17 increased superoxide release in the presence of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). Superoxides 97-107 interleukin 17A Homo sapiens 81-86 29183727-0 2018 Resveratrol strongly enhances the retinoic acid-induced superoxide generating activity via up-regulation of gp91-phox gene expression in U937 cells. Superoxides 56-66 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 108-117 29183727-1 2018 The membrane bound cytochrome b558 composed of gp91-phox and p22-phox proteins, and cytosolic proteins p40-, p47-and p67-phox are important components of superoxide (O2-)-generating system in phagocytes. Superoxides 154-164 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 19-31 29183727-1 2018 The membrane bound cytochrome b558 composed of gp91-phox and p22-phox proteins, and cytosolic proteins p40-, p47-and p67-phox are important components of superoxide (O2-)-generating system in phagocytes. Superoxides 154-164 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 47-56 29183727-1 2018 The membrane bound cytochrome b558 composed of gp91-phox and p22-phox proteins, and cytosolic proteins p40-, p47-and p67-phox are important components of superoxide (O2-)-generating system in phagocytes. Superoxides 166-168 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 19-31 29183727-1 2018 The membrane bound cytochrome b558 composed of gp91-phox and p22-phox proteins, and cytosolic proteins p40-, p47-and p67-phox are important components of superoxide (O2-)-generating system in phagocytes. Superoxides 166-168 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 47-56 29414428-9 2018 These results show that Akt/GSK-3beta/PKCepsilon/eNOS-dependent pathways-mediated superoxide production and apoptosis appear as important factors involved in the observed gender differences. Superoxides 82-92 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 49-53 31938112-7 2018 After 48 hours Sev-N2O anesthesia, the neuronal apoptosis and the expression of Bax, PARP-1 in hippocampus of rats increased significantly, and the expression of Nampt, RelB decreased significantly. Superoxides 19-22 nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 162-167 31938112-8 2018 However, Nampt activators could reduce the apoptosis of hippocampal primary cells in vitro after 4 hours exposed with Sev-N2O. Superoxides 122-125 nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase Rattus norvegicus 9-14 28590009-6 2018 Moreover, rMnSOD prevents the nephrotoxicity induced by OTA probably restoring the balance between superoxide and NO that is most probably the cause of hypertension and renal functional alterations through the inhibition of NO synthase. Superoxides 99-109 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 10-16 28751023-12 2017 Collectively, these results suggest that LYCAT is a negative regulator of TGF-beta-induced lung fibroblast differentiation by modulation of mitochondrial superoxide and NOX4 dependent H2O2 generation, and this may serve as a potential therapeutic target for human lung fibrosis. Superoxides 154-164 lysocardiolipin acyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 41-46 28842348-4 2017 The NADH-dependent generation of extracellular superoxide was prevented by knockdown of NDUFV-1, the first subunit of OXPHOS I receiving electrons from NADH and the NADH-improved insulin signaling was abolished by extracellular catalase. Superoxides 47-57 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit V1 Homo sapiens 88-95 27796749-9 2017 Most importantly, quercetin treatment prevented the toxic effects that are induced by H2O2 in hippocampal neurons and, to a lesser extent, the Abeta-induced toxicity that is associated with the superoxide anion, which is a precursor of ROS production in mitochondria. Superoxides 194-210 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 143-148 29022898-0 2017 Superoxide drives progression of Parkin/PINK1-dependent mitophagy following translocation of Parkin to mitochondria. Superoxides 0-10 PTEN induced kinase 1 Homo sapiens 40-45 28699129-6 2017 Within changed pathways, three genes were selected for RT-qPCR analyses as key candidates influencing inflammatory responses: CYBA (component of the superoxide-generating Nox2 enzyme), GSK3B (controller of cell responses after toll-like receptor stimulation), and EIF4E (a key factor of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex that regulates abundance of other proteins involved in immune functions). Superoxides 149-159 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 171-175 28688986-6 2017 Several ideal compounds were manufactured and utilized that showed complete disproportionation of superoxide produced by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase reaction. Superoxides 98-108 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 134-150 28544111-4 2017 Kallistatin blocked TNF-alpha-induced superoxide levels, NADPH oxidase activity, and microRNA-21 (miR-21) and p16INK4a synthesis. Superoxides 38-48 serpin family A member 4 Homo sapiens 0-11 28544111-9 2017 Furthermore, kallistatin treatment reduced superoxide formation and prolonged wild-type C. elegans lifespan under oxidative or heat stress, although kallistatin"s protective effect was abolished in miR-34 or sir-2.1 (SIRT1 homolog) mutant C. elegans. Superoxides 43-53 serpin family A member 4 Homo sapiens 13-24 28526768-9 2017 With respect to this last point, mAOX2 is the enzyme generating the largest rate of superoxide radicals of around 40% in relation to moles of substrate converted, and mAOX1, the homolog to the human enzyme, produces a rate of approximately 30% of superoxide radicals with the same substrate. Superoxides 84-94 aldehyde oxidase 2 Mus musculus 33-38 28526768-9 2017 With respect to this last point, mAOX2 is the enzyme generating the largest rate of superoxide radicals of around 40% in relation to moles of substrate converted, and mAOX1, the homolog to the human enzyme, produces a rate of approximately 30% of superoxide radicals with the same substrate. Superoxides 247-257 aldehyde oxidase 2 Mus musculus 33-38 28526768-9 2017 With respect to this last point, mAOX2 is the enzyme generating the largest rate of superoxide radicals of around 40% in relation to moles of substrate converted, and mAOX1, the homolog to the human enzyme, produces a rate of approximately 30% of superoxide radicals with the same substrate. Superoxides 247-257 aldehyde oxidase 1 Mus musculus 167-172 28344090-6 2017 DCP-2 had stronger antioxidant activity against DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide anion and ABTS radical, while DCP-1 had hardly any antioxidant activity and DCP had weaker antioxidant activity. Superoxides 64-80 decapping mRNA 2 Mus musculus 0-5 28573846-4 2017 Herein, aggregation-induced emission (AIE) was employed to develop a novel organic platform TPE-CLA with simultaneous turn-on FL/CL signals specifically modulated by O2 - in cells, which can be attributed to the activation of AIE resulted from the decreasing solubility after recognition. Superoxides 166-168 clasper Mus musculus 96-99 28573846-5 2017 Using imidazopyrazinone (CLA) as the reactive motif and tetraphenylethene (TPE) as FL/CL enhancing skeleton, TPE-CLA is sensitive enough to image native O2 - in Raw264.7 cells and lipopolysaccharide stimulated O2 - in mice. Superoxides 153-155 clasper Mus musculus 113-116 28573846-5 2017 Using imidazopyrazinone (CLA) as the reactive motif and tetraphenylethene (TPE) as FL/CL enhancing skeleton, TPE-CLA is sensitive enough to image native O2 - in Raw264.7 cells and lipopolysaccharide stimulated O2 - in mice. Superoxides 210-212 clasper Mus musculus 113-116 23957209-1 2013 UNLABELLED: Superoxide production by Nox1, a member of the Nox family NAPDH oxidases, requires expression of its regulatory soluble proteins Noxo1 (Nox organizer 1) and Noxa1 (Nox activator 1) and is markedly enhanced upon cell stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a potent activator of protein kinase C (PKC). Superoxides 12-22 NADPH oxidase organizer 1 Homo sapiens 141-146 23957209-1 2013 UNLABELLED: Superoxide production by Nox1, a member of the Nox family NAPDH oxidases, requires expression of its regulatory soluble proteins Noxo1 (Nox organizer 1) and Noxa1 (Nox activator 1) and is markedly enhanced upon cell stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a potent activator of protein kinase C (PKC). Superoxides 12-22 NADPH oxidase organizer 1 Homo sapiens 148-163 24042086-8 2013 The superoxide scavenger TEMPOL was also effective in preventing the effects of leptin on endothelial dysfunction. Superoxides 4-14 leptin Mus musculus 80-86 28604608-4 2017 Non-lubricated Prg4-/- mouse cartilage shows caspase cascade activation caused by mitochondrial dysregulation, and significantly higher levels of peroxynitrite (ONOO- and -OH) and superoxide (O-2) compared to Prg4+/+ and Prg4+/- cartilage. Superoxides 180-190 proteoglycan 4 (megakaryocyte stimulating factor, articular superficial zone protein) Mus musculus 15-19 28604608-4 2017 Non-lubricated Prg4-/- mouse cartilage shows caspase cascade activation caused by mitochondrial dysregulation, and significantly higher levels of peroxynitrite (ONOO- and -OH) and superoxide (O-2) compared to Prg4+/+ and Prg4+/- cartilage. Superoxides 192-195 proteoglycan 4 (megakaryocyte stimulating factor, articular superficial zone protein) Mus musculus 15-19 28587495-1 2017 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a mitochondrial-resident enzyme that reduces superoxide to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which can be further reduced to water by glutathione peroxidase (GPX1). Superoxides 10-20 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 192-196 28174084-3 2017 In order to assess the antioxidant activities of MP-1, four kinds of methods were used, including scavenging hydroxyl radical, DPPH, superoxide anion radical, and FRAP, and the results indicated high antioxidant activities. Superoxides 133-157 pitrilysin metallopeptidase 1 Homo sapiens 49-53 28542246-3 2017 Genetic ablation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), an antioxidant enzyme that acts to reduce O2.- concentration, revealed a new O2.--dependent regulation of IRP1 leading to the reduction of IRP1 protein level and in consequence to the diminution of IRP1 enzymatic and IRE-binding activities. Superoxides 128-130 aconitase 1 Mus musculus 157-161 28542246-3 2017 Genetic ablation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), an antioxidant enzyme that acts to reduce O2.- concentration, revealed a new O2.--dependent regulation of IRP1 leading to the reduction of IRP1 protein level and in consequence to the diminution of IRP1 enzymatic and IRE-binding activities. Superoxides 128-130 aconitase 1 Mus musculus 190-194 28542246-3 2017 Genetic ablation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), an antioxidant enzyme that acts to reduce O2.- concentration, revealed a new O2.--dependent regulation of IRP1 leading to the reduction of IRP1 protein level and in consequence to the diminution of IRP1 enzymatic and IRE-binding activities. Superoxides 128-130 aconitase 1 Mus musculus 190-194 28542246-8 2017 To investigate O2.--dependent regulation of IRP1 in a cellular model, we exposed murine RAW 264.7 and bone marrow-derived macrophages to paraquat, widely used as a redox cycler to stimulate O2.-production in cells. Superoxides 15-17 aconitase 1 Mus musculus 44-48 28229168-7 2017 High frequency of CD14+CD16++ "nonclassical" monocytes was associated with increased vascular superoxide production. Superoxides 94-104 Fc gamma receptor IIIa Homo sapiens 23-27 28219781-9 2017 NECA also reduced mitochondrial superoxide through Src tyrosine kinase. Superoxides 32-42 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Rattus norvegicus 51-54 28109047-6 2017 In previous work, we designed a peptide based on a PDI redox motif (CGHC) that inhibited both PDI reductase activity and PDI-modulated superoxide generation by neutrophil Nox2. Superoxides 135-145 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 171-175 27920123-6 2017 Insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of protein kinase B was increased in hIRECO EC as was Nox2 NADPH oxidase-dependent generation of superoxide, whereas insulin-stimulated and shear stress-stimulated eNOS activations were blunted. Superoxides 132-142 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 89-93 27920123-9 2017 CONCLUSIONS: Enhancing insulin sensitivity specifically in EC leads to a paradoxical decline in endothelial function, mediated by increased tyrosine phosphorylation of eNOS and excess Nox2-derived superoxide. Superoxides 197-207 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 184-188 24042086-10 2013 These effects of leptin are mediated by sympathetic nervous system activation and superoxide and may contribute to vascular stiffness and hypertension in obesity. Superoxides 82-92 leptin Mus musculus 17-23 23880762-1 2013 T cell receptor (TCR)-initiated signal transduction is reported to increase production of intracellular reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide (O2 (-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as second messengers. Superoxides 137-147 T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional) Homo sapiens 0-15 23880762-1 2013 T cell receptor (TCR)-initiated signal transduction is reported to increase production of intracellular reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide (O2 (-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as second messengers. Superoxides 137-147 T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional) Homo sapiens 17-20 23880762-1 2013 T cell receptor (TCR)-initiated signal transduction is reported to increase production of intracellular reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide (O2 (-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as second messengers. Superoxides 149-151 T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional) Homo sapiens 0-15 28161087-6 2017 In vitro antioxidant activity assay proved that LEP-2a possessed significant scavenging activities on superoxide, hydroxyl and DPPH radical. Superoxides 102-112 late cornified envelope 1B Homo sapiens 48-53 23880762-1 2013 T cell receptor (TCR)-initiated signal transduction is reported to increase production of intracellular reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide (O2 (-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as second messengers. Superoxides 149-151 T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional) Homo sapiens 17-20 23989801-7 2013 Downregulation of Notch1 increased expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and gp(91phox), enhanced the production of NO metabolites and superoxide, as well as their cytotoxic reaction product peroxynitrite. Superoxides 140-150 notch 1 Mus musculus 18-24 28173585-11 2017 The mitigating effect of auxin is explained by competition of auxin- and RboH-triggered signaling for superoxide anions. Superoxides 102-119 respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein C-like Nicotiana tabacum 73-77 23223967-8 2013 Thus, the low production of superoxide anions, subsequent to NADPH oxidase inhibition, might act by increasing the expression of Nrf2 and PPARalpha and by decreasing that of NF-kappaB, which, in turn, would enhance the antioxidant defense systems. Superoxides 28-45 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha Rattus norvegicus 138-147 29296942-5 2017 NCF1 DeltaGT results in premature termination, undetectable protein expression, and defective production of antimicrobial superoxide in neutrophils. Superoxides 122-132 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 23777333-11 2013 Mechanistically, enhanced superoxide production in neutrophils was associated with increases in levels of NAD(+) and NADP(+), as well as activation of NAD(+) kinase. Superoxides 26-36 NAD kinase Homo sapiens 151-164 27729543-8 2016 Knockdown of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), the mitochondrial form of SOD, completely suppressed glucose-induced H2O2 Furthermore, glucose also induced mitochondrial superoxide and H2O2 production, which preceded the appearance of cytosolic H2O2 Therefore, glucose-induced H2O2 largely originated from mitochondria. Superoxides 13-23 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 37-41 27729543-8 2016 Knockdown of superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), the mitochondrial form of SOD, completely suppressed glucose-induced H2O2 Furthermore, glucose also induced mitochondrial superoxide and H2O2 production, which preceded the appearance of cytosolic H2O2 Therefore, glucose-induced H2O2 largely originated from mitochondria. Superoxides 13-23 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 37-40 27678262-8 2016 CXCR2 inhibition also ameliorated angiotensin II-induced vascular dysfunction and reduced vascular superoxide formation, NADPH activity, and expression of NADPH oxidase subunits (n=6 per group). Superoxides 99-109 chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2 Mus musculus 0-5 27245461-9 2016 EP4-receptor silencing in primary VSMCs abolished PGE2 inhibition of AngII-induced Nox2 mRNA and superoxide production. Superoxides 97-107 prostaglandin E receptor 4 (subtype EP4) Mus musculus 0-3 28721275-6 2016 Superoxide anion production increased in ACE2KO mice, with increased mRNA levels of NADPH oxidase subunit, p22phox, p40phox, p67phox, and gp91phox in the hippocampus of ACE2KO mice compared with WT mice. Superoxides 0-16 cytochrome b-245, alpha polypeptide Mus musculus 107-114 23811078-3 2013 In vitro antioxidant assay, CLSP had noticeable scavenging activities on superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical. Superoxides 73-89 calmodulin like 5 Homo sapiens 28-32 23965970-6 2013 Treatment of aortic segments from AS mice with apocynin, which interferes with NADPH oxidase activation in part by preventing translocation of the subunit p47phox, significantly reduced superoxide levels. Superoxides 186-196 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 155-162 23940720-7 2013 Correspondingly, NOX1 gene silencing abolished ET-1-induced O2 - production and increased CD38-ADP-ribosylcyclase activity in CAMs, while activation of NOX1 by overexpression of Rac1 or Vav2 or administration of exogenous O2 - significantly increased CD38 internalization in CAMs. Superoxides 60-62 endothelin 1 Mus musculus 47-51 23940720-7 2013 Correspondingly, NOX1 gene silencing abolished ET-1-induced O2 - production and increased CD38-ADP-ribosylcyclase activity in CAMs, while activation of NOX1 by overexpression of Rac1 or Vav2 or administration of exogenous O2 - significantly increased CD38 internalization in CAMs. Superoxides 222-224 endothelin 1 Mus musculus 47-51 23951261-0 2013 Diabetes-induced superoxide anion and breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier: role of the VEGF/uPAR pathway. Superoxides 17-33 vascular endothelial growth factor A Rattus norvegicus 90-94 23951261-3 2013 The purpose of this study was to define the role of superoxide anion in VEGF/uPAR expression and BRB breakdown in diabetes. Superoxides 52-68 vascular endothelial growth factor A Rattus norvegicus 72-76 23665490-8 2013 The only effect of SDMA was observed for LPS-triggered superoxide production, which was significantly decreased in its highest concentration (50 muM). Superoxides 55-65 histocompatibility Y Mus musculus 19-23 23802190-1 2013 NOX (NADPH oxidase) plays an important role during several pathologies because it produces the superoxide anion (O2 -), which reacts with NO (nitric oxide), diminishing its vasodilator effect. Superoxides 95-111 NADPH oxidase Drosophila melanogaster 0-3 32480511-6 2016 Additionally, proline biosynthesis Arabidopsis knockout (KO) mutant plants of Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase1 (P5CS1) gene, designated as Atp5cs1-1 and Atp5cs1-4, showed similar protein nitration levels as wild-type plants under salinity-induced oxidative stress, despite mutants having higher levels of lipid oxidation, H2O2 and superoxide (O2 -). Superoxides 343-353 delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 78-122 32480511-6 2016 Additionally, proline biosynthesis Arabidopsis knockout (KO) mutant plants of Delta(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase1 (P5CS1) gene, designated as Atp5cs1-1 and Atp5cs1-4, showed similar protein nitration levels as wild-type plants under salinity-induced oxidative stress, despite mutants having higher levels of lipid oxidation, H2O2 and superoxide (O2 -). Superoxides 343-353 delta1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 124-129 23802190-1 2013 NOX (NADPH oxidase) plays an important role during several pathologies because it produces the superoxide anion (O2 -), which reacts with NO (nitric oxide), diminishing its vasodilator effect. Superoxides 95-111 NADPH oxidase Drosophila melanogaster 5-18 27558335-7 2016 The robust ROS production is also called "the respiratory burst", and the NADPH oxidase or NOX2 is the enzyme responsible for the production of superoxide anion, leading to other ROS. Superoxides 144-160 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 91-95 29938962-0 2016 Identification of Nef-HIV-1 domains involved in p22-phox interaction and superoxide production. Superoxides 73-83 Nef Human immunodeficiency virus 1 18-21 23802190-1 2013 NOX (NADPH oxidase) plays an important role during several pathologies because it produces the superoxide anion (O2 -), which reacts with NO (nitric oxide), diminishing its vasodilator effect. Superoxides 113-117 NADPH oxidase Drosophila melanogaster 0-3 23802190-1 2013 NOX (NADPH oxidase) plays an important role during several pathologies because it produces the superoxide anion (O2 -), which reacts with NO (nitric oxide), diminishing its vasodilator effect. Superoxides 113-117 NADPH oxidase Drosophila melanogaster 5-18 23373855-4 2013 Diminished mitochondrial superoxide inhibited redox-dependent Akt, restored activity of mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase, and reduced HIF1-alpha and lactate dehydrogenase expression in cancer cells. Superoxides 25-35 hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit Mus musculus 138-148 29938962-1 2016 Nef -HIV-1 has been shown to be involved in NADPH complex interaction and superoxide production. Superoxides 74-84 Nef Human immunodeficiency virus 1 0-3 23562731-3 2013 F2Pal16, containing the 16 amino acids present in the third intracellular loop of FPR2, induced superoxide production in human neutrophils and the activity was sensitive to FPR2 antagonists. Superoxides 96-106 formyl peptide receptor 2 Homo sapiens 82-86 26996596-2 2016 Unlike the endogenous P2Y2R agonist ATP, the P2Y2PalIC2 pepducin, which has an amino acid sequence corresponding to the second intracellular loop of the human ATP receptor (P2Y2R), activated the superoxide anion-generating NADPH-oxidase in neutrophils. Superoxides 195-211 purinergic receptor P2Y2 Homo sapiens 173-178 26996596-3 2016 In addition to having a direct effect on neutrophils, the P2Y2R pepducin converted naive neutrophils to a primed state, which secondarily responded to ATP by producing superoxide. Superoxides 168-178 purinergic receptor P2Y2 Homo sapiens 58-63 23674515-5 2013 Our hypothesis was that inflammation generates endogenous ligands for Dectin-1 that activate O2- production and thereby contributes to atherogenesis. Superoxides 93-95 C-type lectin domain containing 7A Homo sapiens 70-78 23674515-10 2013 Further data revealed that vimentin induces O2- production by human monocytes. Superoxides 44-46 vimentin Homo sapiens 27-35 23674515-12 2013 Vimentin also co-localized with Dectin-1 in macrophage-rich regions where O2- is produced. Superoxides 74-77 vimentin Homo sapiens 0-8 23674515-12 2013 Vimentin also co-localized with Dectin-1 in macrophage-rich regions where O2- is produced. Superoxides 74-77 C-type lectin domain containing 7A Homo sapiens 32-40 23674515-14 2013 Its presence in areas of artery wall inflammation and O2- production suggests that vimentin activates Dectin-1 and contributes to the oxidation of lipids and cholesterol accumulation in atherosclerosis. Superoxides 54-56 vimentin Homo sapiens 83-91 23674515-14 2013 Its presence in areas of artery wall inflammation and O2- production suggests that vimentin activates Dectin-1 and contributes to the oxidation of lipids and cholesterol accumulation in atherosclerosis. Superoxides 54-56 C-type lectin domain containing 7A Homo sapiens 102-110 24159377-8 2013 This superoxide increase was inhibited by the gp91 ds-tat and ERK 1/2 inhibitor (PD98059). Superoxides 5-15 paired Ig-like receptor B Mus musculus 46-50 23819597-5 2013 To determine the contribution of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, Lck-Bax38&1 over expressing mice were crossed with knockouts of the mitochondrial protein deacetylase, Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3), which regulates superoxide metabolism. Superoxides 211-221 sirtuin 3 Mus musculus 176-185 23819597-5 2013 To determine the contribution of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, Lck-Bax38&1 over expressing mice were crossed with knockouts of the mitochondrial protein deacetylase, Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3), which regulates superoxide metabolism. Superoxides 211-221 sirtuin 3 Mus musculus 187-192 23819597-6 2013 Sirt3(-/-)/Lck-Bax38&1 mice demonstrated significant increases in thymocyte superoxide levels and acceleration of lymphomagenesis (P < 0.001). Superoxides 80-90 sirtuin 3 Mus musculus 0-5 23819597-6 2013 Sirt3(-/-)/Lck-Bax38&1 mice demonstrated significant increases in thymocyte superoxide levels and acceleration of lymphomagenesis (P < 0.001). Superoxides 80-90 amplitude of circadian rhythm 1 Mus musculus 15-26 23821198-10 2013 A significant accumulation of superoxide was detected in wild-type optic nerves following crush, and was reduced in mice overexpressing SIRT1 or treated with resveratrol. Superoxides 30-40 sirtuin 1 Mus musculus 136-141 23894403-4 2013 The Sha ecotype had higher germination rates, longer roots and less accumulation of superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide than the Ler and Col ecotypes after short term salt treatment. Superoxides 84-102 SH2 domain protein A Arabidopsis thaliana 4-7 23772676-4 2013 This study demonstrated that the superoxide-induced chemiluminescence of MCLA or CLA was markedly enhanced by adding a cyclic nitroxyl radical to the reaction medium. Superoxides 33-43 selectin P ligand Homo sapiens 74-77 26816095-5 2016 It was found that lycopene attenuated Abeta-induced oxidative stress, as evidenced by the decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species generation and mitochondria-derived superoxide production. Superoxides 174-184 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 38-43 27074556-3 2016 Ethanol-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide signals promoted growth rate during passages that was accompanied by increased expression of sirtuin proteins, Sir1, Sir2 and Sir3, and DNA-binding transcription regulator Rap1. Superoxides 50-60 Sir1p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 172-176 27074556-3 2016 Ethanol-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide signals promoted growth rate during passages that was accompanied by increased expression of sirtuin proteins, Sir1, Sir2 and Sir3, and DNA-binding transcription regulator Rap1. Superoxides 50-60 chromatin-silencing protein SIR3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 187-191 27074556-3 2016 Ethanol-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide signals promoted growth rate during passages that was accompanied by increased expression of sirtuin proteins, Sir1, Sir2 and Sir3, and DNA-binding transcription regulator Rap1. Superoxides 50-60 DNA-binding transcription factor RAP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 233-237 23583906-3 2013 We found that the mitochondrial superoxide anions, whose production is induced at the level of Complex I by externally added Abeta1-42 and whose release from mitochondria is significantly reduced by the addition of the VDAC inhibitor DIDS, modify the thiol group/s present at the active site of mitochondrial ANT-1, impair ANT-1 in a mersalyl-prevented manner and abrogate the toxic effect of NH2htau on ANT-1 when Abeta1-42 is already present. Superoxides 32-42 solute carrier family 25 member 4 Homo sapiens 309-314 23583906-3 2013 We found that the mitochondrial superoxide anions, whose production is induced at the level of Complex I by externally added Abeta1-42 and whose release from mitochondria is significantly reduced by the addition of the VDAC inhibitor DIDS, modify the thiol group/s present at the active site of mitochondrial ANT-1, impair ANT-1 in a mersalyl-prevented manner and abrogate the toxic effect of NH2htau on ANT-1 when Abeta1-42 is already present. Superoxides 32-42 solute carrier family 25 member 4 Homo sapiens 323-328 23583906-3 2013 We found that the mitochondrial superoxide anions, whose production is induced at the level of Complex I by externally added Abeta1-42 and whose release from mitochondria is significantly reduced by the addition of the VDAC inhibitor DIDS, modify the thiol group/s present at the active site of mitochondrial ANT-1, impair ANT-1 in a mersalyl-prevented manner and abrogate the toxic effect of NH2htau on ANT-1 when Abeta1-42 is already present. Superoxides 32-42 solute carrier family 25 member 4 Homo sapiens 323-328 23671003-0 2013 Pulse radiolysis studies on the reaction of the reduced vitamin B12 complex Cob(II)alamin with superoxide. Superoxides 95-105 metabolism of cobalamin associated B Homo sapiens 76-79 23671003-1 2013 O2.- scavenger: The rate constant for the rapid reaction of the ROS superoxide with the reduced vitamin B12 radical complex cob(II)alamin was directly determined to be 3.8x10(8) M-1 s-1. Superoxides 0-2 metabolism of cobalamin associated B Homo sapiens 124-127 23671003-1 2013 O2.- scavenger: The rate constant for the rapid reaction of the ROS superoxide with the reduced vitamin B12 radical complex cob(II)alamin was directly determined to be 3.8x10(8) M-1 s-1. Superoxides 68-78 metabolism of cobalamin associated B Homo sapiens 124-127 23454089-11 2013 Taken together, these data demonstrate that insulin increases glomerular barrier albumin permeability via a PKGI-dependent mechanism involving NAD(P)H-dependent generation of superoxide anion. Superoxides 175-191 protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1 Rattus norvegicus 108-112 26921441-0 2016 20-HETE-induced mitochondrial superoxide production and inflammatory phenotype in vascular smooth muscle is prevented by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibition. Superoxides 30-40 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 121-154 26898501-3 2016 Using a number of TrxR1 mutant variants, we here found that a sole Cys residue at the C-terminal tail of TrxR1 is required for high-efficiency juglone-coupled NADPH oxidase activity of Sec-deficient enzyme, occurring with mixed one- and two-electron reactions producing superoxide. Superoxides 270-280 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 105-110 26898501-10 2016 One-electron juglone reduction by TrxR1 producing superoxide should furthermore contribute to the well-known prooxidant cytotoxicity of juglone. Superoxides 50-60 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 34-39 27018067-6 2016 In addition, the increased production of ROS such as superoxide and hydroxyl radical by PM exposure increases MMPs including MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9, resulting in the degradation of collagen. Superoxides 53-63 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Homo sapiens 143-148 26869262-1 2016 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is believed to enhance abiotic stress resistance by converting superoxide radical (O2 (-)) to H2O2 to lower ROS level and maintain redox homeostasis. Superoxides 90-108 SOD Triticum aestivum 0-20 26869262-1 2016 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is believed to enhance abiotic stress resistance by converting superoxide radical (O2 (-)) to H2O2 to lower ROS level and maintain redox homeostasis. Superoxides 90-108 SOD Triticum aestivum 22-25 26869262-1 2016 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is believed to enhance abiotic stress resistance by converting superoxide radical (O2 (-)) to H2O2 to lower ROS level and maintain redox homeostasis. Superoxides 110-112 SOD Triticum aestivum 0-20 26869262-1 2016 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is believed to enhance abiotic stress resistance by converting superoxide radical (O2 (-)) to H2O2 to lower ROS level and maintain redox homeostasis. Superoxides 110-112 SOD Triticum aestivum 22-25 27148058-4 2016 Both in I/R rats and hypoxia/reoxygenation H9C2 cells, ALDH2 activation suppressed phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin expression, regulating mitophagy, by preventing 4-hydroxynonenal, reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide accumulation. Superoxides 263-273 PTEN induced kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 83-139 27148058-4 2016 Both in I/R rats and hypoxia/reoxygenation H9C2 cells, ALDH2 activation suppressed phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin expression, regulating mitophagy, by preventing 4-hydroxynonenal, reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide accumulation. Superoxides 263-273 PTEN induced kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 141-146 26769958-8 2016 The superoxide anion scavenger decreased hypoxia-induced Fas ligand, Fas death receptors, Fas-associated death domain (FADD), activated caspase-8, and activated caspase-3 (Fas-dependent apoptotic pathway) as well as Bad, activated caspase-9 and activated caspase-3 (mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway), endonuclease G (EndoG), apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), and TUNEL-positive apoptosis. Superoxides 4-20 caspase 8 Rattus norvegicus 136-145 26980705-5 2016 However, such HFD-induced increases in Asm activity, ceramide production, colocalization of Nlrp3 with ASC or Caspase-1, superoxide (O(2 -)) production was attenuated in Asm(-/-) or Asm shRNA-transfected wild-type mice. Superoxides 121-131 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1, acid lysosomal Mus musculus 170-173 26980705-5 2016 However, such HFD-induced increases in Asm activity, ceramide production, colocalization of Nlrp3 with ASC or Caspase-1, superoxide (O(2 -)) production was attenuated in Asm(-/-) or Asm shRNA-transfected wild-type mice. Superoxides 121-131 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1, acid lysosomal Mus musculus 170-173 26980705-5 2016 However, such HFD-induced increases in Asm activity, ceramide production, colocalization of Nlrp3 with ASC or Caspase-1, superoxide (O(2 -)) production was attenuated in Asm(-/-) or Asm shRNA-transfected wild-type mice. Superoxides 133-140 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1, acid lysosomal Mus musculus 170-173 26980705-5 2016 However, such HFD-induced increases in Asm activity, ceramide production, colocalization of Nlrp3 with ASC or Caspase-1, superoxide (O(2 -)) production was attenuated in Asm(-/-) or Asm shRNA-transfected wild-type mice. Superoxides 133-140 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1, acid lysosomal Mus musculus 170-173 26928315-11 2016 In conclusion, NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide elevated expression of MMP-9, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1, and these interactions can finally result in increases of BBB permeability in MOG35-55+CFA+PTX-exposed endothelial cells. Superoxides 37-47 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Homo sapiens 71-76 26928315-11 2016 In conclusion, NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide elevated expression of MMP-9, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1, and these interactions can finally result in increases of BBB permeability in MOG35-55+CFA+PTX-exposed endothelial cells. Superoxides 37-47 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 78-84 26873547-10 2016 Moreover, increased superoxide anion production was observed in the mesenteric resistance arteries of TBT rats accompanied by an increase in gp91phox, catalase, AT1 receptor and total ERK1/2 protein expression. Superoxides 20-36 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 141-159 27031716-11 2016 Upon combined use of L-Arg and SoQ10, superoxide radicals and NO form the redox state that causes decrease of MMP-2, -9 activities with consequent inhibition of tumor invasion and metastasis. Superoxides 38-48 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Mus musculus 110-115 26739550-1 2016 Xanthine oxidase (XO) is one of the major enzymes to generate superoxide anion (O2(-)), that is frequently associated with various diseases involving reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxides 62-78 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 0-16 26739550-1 2016 Xanthine oxidase (XO) is one of the major enzymes to generate superoxide anion (O2(-)), that is frequently associated with various diseases involving reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxides 62-78 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 18-20 26739550-1 2016 Xanthine oxidase (XO) is one of the major enzymes to generate superoxide anion (O2(-)), that is frequently associated with various diseases involving reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxides 80-82 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 0-16 26739550-1 2016 Xanthine oxidase (XO) is one of the major enzymes to generate superoxide anion (O2(-)), that is frequently associated with various diseases involving reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxides 80-82 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 18-20 26724393-3 2016 The phagocytes produce ROS (reactive oxygen species) through activation of the NOX2 complex, which generates superoxide. Superoxides 109-119 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 79-83 26768586-7 2016 Over-expression of NOX4 or p66(shc) suppressed the inhibitory effects of GB on superoxide generation and the protective effects of GB on loss of cell viability and apoptosis associated with cisplatin. Superoxides 79-89 SHC adaptor protein 1 Homo sapiens 31-34 23569086-8 2013 Western blotting demonstrated that incubation of isolated TAL with AngII increased phosphorylation of p47(phox) at Ser(304), suggesting that AngII stimulates the basolateral Cl channels by increasing NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide generation. Superoxides 224-234 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 102-105 23620395-1 2013 In diabetes, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) produces superoxide anion rather than nitric oxide, referred to as "eNOS uncoupling," which may contribute to endothelial dysfunction, albuminuria, and diabetic nephropathy. Superoxides 63-79 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 13-46 24119062-0 2016 Potential of a 70 kDa IL-10-like factor in synovial fluid from rheumatoid arthritis patients to augment superoxide generation by human neutrophils. Superoxides 104-114 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 22-27 24119062-8 2016 CONCLUSION: The 70-kDa protein factor in RA-SF increased superoxide generation by human PMNs, which suggests the possibility of its being related to IL-10. Superoxides 57-67 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 149-154 26884476-1 2016 Angiotensin II (Ang II) causes nitric oxide synthase (NOS) to become a source of superoxide (O2 (-)) via a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent process in endothelial cells. Superoxides 81-91 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 125-128 26884476-1 2016 Angiotensin II (Ang II) causes nitric oxide synthase (NOS) to become a source of superoxide (O2 (-)) via a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent process in endothelial cells. Superoxides 93-95 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 125-128 23776393-12 2013 On the other hand, superoxide reduces KCa3.1 expression by downregulating pERK and upregulating REST, and inhibits the K(+) current. Superoxides 19-29 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 Homo sapiens 74-78 26884476-3 2016 We hypothesized that Ang II causes O2 (-) production by NOS in thick ascending limbs via a PKC-dependent mechanism. Superoxides 35-37 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 91-94 23529346-12 2013 All these results support the view that GH ameliorates hHcys-induced glomerular injury by reducing Nox-dependent O2 (.-)/HIF-1alpha signal pathway and EMT. Superoxides 113-115 growth hormone Mus musculus 40-42 26111538-6 2016 Coincidently, both superoxide formation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation were observed in Met-5A cells exposed to MWCNTs and were diminished by pretreatment with the reactive oxidative species (ROS) scavenger, N-acetyl-l-(+)-cysteine (NAC). Superoxides 19-29 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 229-232 26630486-7 2015 Increasing VDE expression in eto1-1 and ctr1-3 restored light-activated de-epoxidation and qE, reduced superoxide production and reduced photoinhibition. Superoxides 103-113 tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR)-containing protein Arabidopsis thaliana 29-35 23529346-12 2013 All these results support the view that GH ameliorates hHcys-induced glomerular injury by reducing Nox-dependent O2 (.-)/HIF-1alpha signal pathway and EMT. Superoxides 113-115 hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit Mus musculus 121-131 23741359-12 2013 Renal cortices from MRL/lpr mice that are eNOS deficient demonstrated increased superoxide production, which was blocked by both nitric oxide synthase and NADPH oxidase inhibitors. Superoxides 80-90 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 42-46 26331430-11 2015 Production of O2(-) was greater in aging WT mice than young or aging PARP-1(-/-) mice. Superoxides 14-16 poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1 Mus musculus 69-75 23708100-0 2013 Sod1 loss induces intrinsic superoxide accumulation leading to p53-mediated growth arrest and apoptosis. Superoxides 28-38 transformation related protein 53, pseudogene Mus musculus 63-66 26177467-9 2015 Silencing of the superoxide-generating NOX2 NADPH oxidase expressed in breast cancer cells resulted in the significant reduction of IKKepsilon expression. Superoxides 17-27 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 39-43 23708100-9 2013 Our findings revealed that intrinsic O2 - accumulation promoted p53-mediated growth arrest and apoptosis as well as mitochondrial disfunction in the fibroblasts. Superoxides 37-39 transformation related protein 53, pseudogene Mus musculus 64-67 24024163-3 2013 We hypothesized that the gene transfer of cytosolic superoxide dismutase (SOD1) or extracellular SOD (SOD3) to blood vessels would differentially protect against O2 ( -)-mediated endothelial-dependent dysfunction. Superoxides 162-169 superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Oryctolagus cuniculus 74-78 24024163-3 2013 We hypothesized that the gene transfer of cytosolic superoxide dismutase (SOD1) or extracellular SOD (SOD3) to blood vessels would differentially protect against O2 ( -)-mediated endothelial-dependent dysfunction. Superoxides 162-169 extracellular superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Oryctolagus cuniculus 74-77 24024163-3 2013 We hypothesized that the gene transfer of cytosolic superoxide dismutase (SOD1) or extracellular SOD (SOD3) to blood vessels would differentially protect against O2 ( -)-mediated endothelial-dependent dysfunction. Superoxides 162-169 extracellular superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Oryctolagus cuniculus 102-106 23610397-4 2013 In Hif2alpha(+/-) mice, partial HIF-2alpha deficiency increased levels of HIF-1alpha and NADPH oxidase 2, leading to an oxidized intracellular redox state, exaggerated hypoxic sensitivity, and cardio-respiratory abnormalities, which were reversed by treatment with a HIF-1alpha inhibitor or a superoxide anion scavenger. Superoxides 293-309 hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit Mus musculus 74-84 23640464-8 2013 Generation of mitochondrial superoxide was noted after hypoxic challenge; its reduction by antioxidants inhibited RIP signaling and cell necrosis. Superoxides 28-38 receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 114-117 23475768-7 2013 Therefore, we hypothesized that an elevated pulmonary arterial superoxide/hydrogen peroxide ratio activates NFATc3, leading to PH. Superoxides 63-73 nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin dependent 3 Mus musculus 108-114 23490284-0 2013 M9, a novel region of amino-Nogo-A, attenuates cerebral ischemic injury by inhibiting NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide production in mice. Superoxides 108-118 reticulon 4 Mus musculus 28-34 22998949-3 2013 In vitro, it has been demonstrated that OT decreases NADPH-dependent superoxide production and pro-inflammatory cytokine release from vascular endothelial cells and macrophages, suggesting that OT may attenuate pathophysiological processes involved with atherosclerotic lesion formation. Superoxides 69-79 oxytocin Oryctolagus cuniculus 40-42 22998949-3 2013 In vitro, it has been demonstrated that OT decreases NADPH-dependent superoxide production and pro-inflammatory cytokine release from vascular endothelial cells and macrophages, suggesting that OT may attenuate pathophysiological processes involved with atherosclerotic lesion formation. Superoxides 69-79 oxytocin Oryctolagus cuniculus 194-196 23549806-1 2013 PURPOSE: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a chemokine that can increase adhesion molecule expression on monocytes and produce superoxide anions. Superoxides 139-156 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 9-43 23549806-1 2013 PURPOSE: Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) is a chemokine that can increase adhesion molecule expression on monocytes and produce superoxide anions. Superoxides 139-156 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 45-50 23614016-0 2013 Deletion of aldose reductase from mice inhibits diabetes-induced retinal capillary degeneration and superoxide generation. Superoxides 100-110 aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B3 (aldose reductase) Mus musculus 12-28 23614016-8 2013 Deletion of AR largely (P<0.05) inhibited the diabetes-induced degeneration of retinal capillaries, as well as the increase in superoxide production by retina. Superoxides 130-140 aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B3 (aldose reductase) Mus musculus 12-14 22511941-12 2012 NOX5 siRNA reduced amounts of NOX5 mRNA in RCSC and reduced ionomycin stimulated superoxide production. Superoxides 81-91 NADPH oxidase 5 Oryctolagus cuniculus 0-4 22442695-7 2012 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We conclude that formation of peroxynitrite by a reaction between superoxide anion generated by NADPH oxidase in RVLM on activation by AT1R and NOS II-derived NO leads to a reduction in baroreflex-mediated sympathetic vasomotor tone during experimental TLSE; to be ameliorated by the upregulated BDNF/TrkB signaling via inhibition of p47(phox) phosphorylation. Superoxides 92-108 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 360-363 22359684-9 2012 Mitochondrial content of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K), a nucleic acid binding protein involved in regulating mRNA transportation and stabilization, was significantly enhanced by adiponectin, which also evoked a transient elevation of mitochondrial superoxide. Superoxides 271-281 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Mus musculus 201-212 22359684-10 2012 Rotenone, an inhibitor of mitochondrial respiratory complex I, abolished adiponectin-induced superoxide production, hnRNP K recruitment and UCP2 expression. Superoxides 93-103 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Mus musculus 73-84 22359684-11 2012 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Mitochondrial superoxide production stimulated by adiponectin serves as a trigger to initiate the translocation of hnRNP K, which in turn promotes UCP2 expressions in liver. Superoxides 40-50 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Mus musculus 76-87 22291917-0 2012 eNOS protects from atherosclerosis despite relevant superoxide production by the enzyme in apoE mice. Superoxides 52-62 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 0-4 22291917-5 2012 Here, we evaluate how endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) modulates leukocyte/endothelial- (L/E) and platelet/endothelial- (P/E) interactions in atherosclerosis and the production of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide by the enzyme. Superoxides 210-220 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 22-55 22291917-5 2012 Here, we evaluate how endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) modulates leukocyte/endothelial- (L/E) and platelet/endothelial- (P/E) interactions in atherosclerosis and the production of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide by the enzyme. Superoxides 210-220 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 57-61 26351025-9 2015 Mechanistically, induction of heme oxygenase-1 by PETN prevented mitochondrial superoxide generation, NOX4 upregulation, and ensuing formation of extracellular matrix proteins in fibroblasts from failing hearts. Superoxides 79-89 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 30-46 22291917-9 2012 Pharmacological inhibition and genetic deletion of eNOS reduced vascular superoxide production, indicating uncoupling of the enzyme in apoE(-/-) vessels. Superoxides 73-83 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 51-55 22291917-10 2012 CONCLUSION: Overt plaque formation, increased vascular inflammation and L/E- interactions are associated with significant reduction of superoxide production in apoE(-/-)/eNOS(-/-) vessels. Superoxides 135-145 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 170-174 26160850-1 2015 p67(phox) is the paramount cytosolic regulator of the superoxide-generating Nox of phagocytes, by controlling the conformation of the catalytic component, Nox2. Superoxides 54-64 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 155-159 22072715-0 2011 PPARdelta coordinates angiotensin II-induced senescence in vascular smooth muscle cells through PTEN-mediated inhibition of superoxide generation. Superoxides 124-134 phosphatase and tensin homolog Homo sapiens 96-100 21833043-5 2011 RESULTS: At resting state, the superoxide production in aortic and cardiac tissues was lower in cyclo-oxygenase-2 deficient than in the wild type or in cyclo-oxygenase-1 deficient mice. Superoxides 31-41 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 Mus musculus 152-169 26465144-1 2015 In addition to superoxide (O2.-) generation from nitric oxide synthase (NOS) oxygenase domain, a new O2.- generation site has been identified in the reductase domain of inducible NOS (iNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS). Superoxides 15-25 nitric oxide synthase 2 Bos taurus 169-182 26465144-1 2015 In addition to superoxide (O2.-) generation from nitric oxide synthase (NOS) oxygenase domain, a new O2.- generation site has been identified in the reductase domain of inducible NOS (iNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS). Superoxides 15-25 nitric oxide synthase 2 Bos taurus 184-188 21703327-0 2011 Induction of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein by cigarette smoke through the superoxide anion-triggered PERK-eIF2alpha pathway. Superoxides 94-110 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 Homo sapiens 121-125 26465144-1 2015 In addition to superoxide (O2.-) generation from nitric oxide synthase (NOS) oxygenase domain, a new O2.- generation site has been identified in the reductase domain of inducible NOS (iNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS). Superoxides 27-29 nitric oxide synthase 2 Bos taurus 169-182 26465144-1 2015 In addition to superoxide (O2.-) generation from nitric oxide synthase (NOS) oxygenase domain, a new O2.- generation site has been identified in the reductase domain of inducible NOS (iNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS). Superoxides 27-29 nitric oxide synthase 2 Bos taurus 184-188 21703327-8 2011 Induction of CHOP mRNA by cigarette smoke extract (CSE) was attenuated by scavengers for O(2)(-), ONOO(-) or NO, whereas scavenging H(2)O(2) did not affect the induction of CHOP. Superoxides 89-93 choreoathetosis/spasticity, episodic (paroxysmal choreoathetosis/spasticity) Homo sapiens 51-54 26465144-1 2015 In addition to superoxide (O2.-) generation from nitric oxide synthase (NOS) oxygenase domain, a new O2.- generation site has been identified in the reductase domain of inducible NOS (iNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS). Superoxides 101-103 nitric oxide synthase 2 Bos taurus 169-182 21703327-10 2011 Scavengers for O(2)(-), ONOO(-) or NO attenuated CSE-triggered activation of the CHOP gene promoter. Superoxides 15-19 choreoathetosis/spasticity, episodic (paroxysmal choreoathetosis/spasticity) Homo sapiens 49-52 26465144-1 2015 In addition to superoxide (O2.-) generation from nitric oxide synthase (NOS) oxygenase domain, a new O2.- generation site has been identified in the reductase domain of inducible NOS (iNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS). Superoxides 101-103 nitric oxide synthase 2 Bos taurus 184-188 21703327-11 2011 CSE, O(2)(-) and ONOO(-) induced phosphorylation of protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha (eIF2alpha) and caused induction of downstream activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Superoxides 5-9 choreoathetosis/spasticity, episodic (paroxysmal choreoathetosis/spasticity) Homo sapiens 0-3 26214584-6 2015 More interestingly, despite the overexpression of eNOS, the in-house generated transgenic eNOS-GFP (TgeNOS-GFP)-Ins2(Akita) cross mice showed an unanticipated effect of reduced eNOS phosphorylation and enhanced superoxide production. Superoxides 211-221 insulin II Mus musculus 112-116 21703327-11 2011 CSE, O(2)(-) and ONOO(-) induced phosphorylation of protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha (eIF2alpha) and caused induction of downstream activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Superoxides 5-9 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 Homo sapiens 83-87 26253183-8 2015 Similar findings were obtained by knockdown NOX-1 gene, one source of superoxide for peroxynitrite formation. Superoxides 70-80 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 44-49 21270097-3 2011 We hypothesize that aldosterone activates the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) on MD cells, resulting in increased O(2)(-) production due to upregulation of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-2) and NOX-2, and NOX-4, isoforms of NAD(P)H oxidase. Superoxides 114-119 nuclear receptor subfamily 3, group C, member 2 Mus musculus 46-72 20919940-2 2011 We posited that atherogenic oscillatory shear stress (OSS) induced mitochondrial superoxide (mtO2 -) production via NADPH oxidase and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK-1 and JNK-2) signaling. Superoxides 81-91 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Bos taurus 163-168 21635197-7 2011 Ceramide-dependent signaling involves activation of extracellularly regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), downregulation of Period (Per)-aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (Arnt)-single-minded (Sim) kinase (PASK), activation of okadaic-acid-sensitive protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) and stimulation of NADPH-oxidase with generation of superoxides and lipid peroxides. Superoxides 343-354 aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator Homo sapiens 183-187 26412311-7 2015 Renal superoxide, 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine, nitrotyrosine and the plasma Cys34-cysteinylated albumin were clearly suppressed by the HSA-Trx treatment. Superoxides 6-16 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 136-139 26337205-9 2015 Inhibiting glycolysis increased superoxide and blocked autophagy in apoptosis-resistant cells, causing p62-dependent caspase-8 activation. Superoxides 32-42 nucleoporin 62 Homo sapiens 103-106 21723687-2 2011 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD) is the major scavenger of superoxide. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 36-41 26246018-0 2015 Deletion of capn4 Protects the Heart Against Endotoxemic Injury by Preventing ATP Synthase Disruption and Inhibiting Mitochondrial Superoxide Generation. Superoxides 131-141 calpain, small subunit 1 Mus musculus 12-17 27057461-1 2016 As a part of cellular pathogen defense, IFNgamma triggers induction of NADPH oxidase NOX2, which produces superoxide into phagosomes of immune cells. Superoxides 106-116 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 85-89 26317224-1 2015 BACKGROUND: The cytokine and drug interferon-gamma enhances superoxide anion production by the antimicrobicidal Nox2 enzyme of neutrophils. Superoxides 60-76 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 112-116 26317224-4 2015 Interferon-gamma was found to enhance superoxide production by Nox2 in a concentration dependent manner. Superoxides 38-48 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 63-67 21471960-6 2011 The superoxide-producing cells were Ly-6C(-)Ly-6G(+) and they expressed proinflammatory activities, exacerbating airway hyperresponsiveness in a superoxide-dependent fashion. Superoxides 4-14 lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus C1 Mus musculus 36-41 21499085-10 2011 The downregulation of adiponectin was accompanied by increased myocardial superoxide and nitric oxide generation and peroxynitrite formation. Superoxides 74-84 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Mus musculus 22-33 25148934-3 2015 CORM-2-induced HO-1 expression was mediated through superoxide, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (Erk1/2), protein tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2), platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR), and phosphatidylinositol 3"-kinase (PI3K/Akt), revealed by the pharmacological inhibitors or knockdown of these signaling molecules. Superoxides 52-62 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 15-19 26236095-3 2015 MnSOD scavenges superoxide anions generated from mitochondria and is an important regulator of cellular redox status. Superoxides 16-33 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 26100311-9 2015 Superoxide generation was higher and equal in neonatal CD4+ and CD8+ cells, respectively, compared to the adult ones. Superoxides 0-10 CD8a molecule Homo sapiens 64-67 25875385-5 2015 METHODS AND RESULTS: RBP4 treatment increased mitochondrial superoxide generation in a dose-dependent manner in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Superoxides 60-70 retinol binding protein 4 Homo sapiens 21-25 21730294-4 2011 Deletion of SOD3 increased vascular superoxide and reduced vascular NO levels as detected by electron spin resonance. Superoxides 36-46 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 12-16 21720272-7 2011 Salt-induced glomerular injury in eNOS-/- mice was preceded by rapid enhancement of glomerular superoxide followed by enhancement of glomerular endothelial angiotensinogen and angiotensin II. Superoxides 95-105 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 34-38 25659899-7 2015 Thus, a reversal of factors increasing mitochondrial superoxide and oxidant effects that potentially influence remodeling signaling related to miR204 expression and perhaps iron availability needed for the biosynthesis of heme by the ferrochelatase reaction could be factors in the beneficial actions of ALA in pulmonary hypertension. Superoxides 53-63 ferrochelatase Mus musculus 234-248 21699186-2 2011 Thus, Acr(+)-H(2)P-Acr(+) acts as an efficient fluorescence sensor for superoxide. Superoxides 71-81 acrosin Homo sapiens 6-9 25377875-6 2015 In addition, beta-cell-specific expression of Klotho decreased intracellular superoxide levels, oxidative damage, apoptosis, and DNAJC3 (a marker for endoplasmic reticulum stress) in pancreatic islets. Superoxides 77-87 klotho Mus musculus 46-52 25568324-4 2015 NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) inhibition, but not Nox4 or Nox1 inhibition, attenuated LPS-induced superoxide formation and Ang2, Tie2, and VEGF-A expression. Superoxides 91-101 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 0-15 21699186-2 2011 Thus, Acr(+)-H(2)P-Acr(+) acts as an efficient fluorescence sensor for superoxide. Superoxides 71-81 acrosin Homo sapiens 19-22 25568324-4 2015 NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) inhibition, but not Nox4 or Nox1 inhibition, attenuated LPS-induced superoxide formation and Ang2, Tie2, and VEGF-A expression. Superoxides 91-101 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 17-21 21630637-0 2011 tert-Butylhydroquinone as a spectroscopic probe for the superoxide radical scavenging activity assay of biological samples. Superoxides 56-66 telomerase reverse transcriptase Homo sapiens 0-4 28626696-3 2015 We previously developed an O2--generating nanodevice consisting of NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) and modulated activating factors. Superoxides 27-29 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 67-82 21376054-7 2011 Further, Ang-II also activated CREB via superoxide-mediated p38 MAPK and ERK activation. Superoxides 40-50 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 31-35 28626696-3 2015 We previously developed an O2--generating nanodevice consisting of NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) and modulated activating factors. Superoxides 27-29 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 84-88 25420684-7 2015 HLA-DR(+)CD11b(+)CD11c(+)CD163(-) superoxide-producing MDRCs, which stimulated proliferation of autologous T cells, comprised a high fraction of MDRCs in the airways of patients with mild asthma or COPD but not those of healthy control subjects. Superoxides 34-44 integrin subunit alpha M Homo sapiens 9-14 21454694-7 2011 In cytokine-treated human lung microvascular endothelial cells, disruption of B1R-CPM heterodimers inhibited B1R-dependent NO production stimulated by bradykinin and blocked the increased endothelial permeability caused by treatment with bradykinin and pyrogallol (a superoxide generator). Superoxides 267-277 carboxypeptidase M Homo sapiens 82-85 21330607-7 2011 Finally, we found that superoxide was produced in reperfused myocardium and that intravenous administration of edaravone, a free radical scavenger, immediately before reperfusion significantly suppressed the superoxide overproduction and subsequent expression of sxbp1 and chop mRNA, followed by reduced injury size in wild-type mice. Superoxides 23-33 DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 Mus musculus 273-277 25465055-2 2015 NOX2 being a multi-enzyme component is activated during host defense in phagocytes such as microglia, to catalyze the production of superoxide from oxygen, while ROCK is an important mediator of fundamental cell processes like adhesion, proliferation and migration. Superoxides 132-142 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 0-4 24628477-2 2015 NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX2) is the major source of neuronal superoxide production in these settings, and regulation of NOX2 activity can thereby influence outcome in stroke. Superoxides 55-65 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 0-15 21330607-8 2011 CONCLUSIONS: The ER stress-induced, CHOP-mediated pathway, which is activated in part by superoxide overproduction after reperfusion, exacerbates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by inducing cardiomyocyte apoptosis and myocardial inflammation. Superoxides 89-99 DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 Mus musculus 36-40 21310208-5 2011 The co-administration of CP with DPPD or L-cysteine significantly reduced the elevation in LPO, however the co-administration of CP with Vit C, DPPD or L-cysteine reduced the effect of CP on superoxide anion and antioxidant enzymes and also on the antioxidants contents. Superoxides 191-207 vitrin Rattus norvegicus 137-140 24628477-2 2015 NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX2) is the major source of neuronal superoxide production in these settings, and regulation of NOX2 activity can thereby influence outcome in stroke. Superoxides 55-65 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 17-21 26819958-8 2015 Moreover, heparin caused a significant dose-dependent decrease in the rate of superoxide release from PMNLs, which was blunted by blocking antibodies to CD11b. Superoxides 78-88 integrin subunit alpha M Homo sapiens 153-158 25677087-6 2015 These new mitochondria targeted nitroxides have 3- to 7-fold lower rate constants of the reaction with O2(- ) compared with mitoTEMPO; however, the cellular bioreduction of mCP1 and mCP2 was 3- and 2-fold slower. Superoxides 103-105 cleft palate 2 Mus musculus 173-177 25677087-6 2015 These new mitochondria targeted nitroxides have 3- to 7-fold lower rate constants of the reaction with O2(- ) compared with mitoTEMPO; however, the cellular bioreduction of mCP1 and mCP2 was 3- and 2-fold slower. Superoxides 103-105 cleft palate 2 Mus musculus 182-186 25677087-10 2015 mCP1 and mCP2 reduced vascular O2(- ) and prevented decrease of endothelial nitric oxide production. Superoxides 31-33 cleft palate 2 Mus musculus 0-4 25677087-10 2015 mCP1 and mCP2 reduced vascular O2(- ) and prevented decrease of endothelial nitric oxide production. Superoxides 31-33 cleft palate 2 Mus musculus 9-13 25536219-2 2014 We found that MMP3 activation causes the induction of Nox1 via mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and subsequently Rac1 activation, eventually leading to Nox1-derived superoxide generation in a rat DA neuronal N27 cells exposed to 6-OHDA. Superoxides 187-197 matrix metallopeptidase 3 Rattus norvegicus 14-18 25536219-2 2014 We found that MMP3 activation causes the induction of Nox1 via mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and subsequently Rac1 activation, eventually leading to Nox1-derived superoxide generation in a rat DA neuronal N27 cells exposed to 6-OHDA. Superoxides 187-197 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 54-58 25536219-2 2014 We found that MMP3 activation causes the induction of Nox1 via mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and subsequently Rac1 activation, eventually leading to Nox1-derived superoxide generation in a rat DA neuronal N27 cells exposed to 6-OHDA. Superoxides 187-197 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 174-178 25341795-4 2014 In K14-IL-17A(ind/+) mice, immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry revealed increased vascular production of the nitric oxide/superoxide reaction product peroxynitrite and infiltration of the vasculature with myeloperoxidase(+)CD11b(+)GR1(+)F4/80(-) cells accompanied by increased expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase and the nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, nox2. Superoxides 126-136 interleukin 17A Mus musculus 7-13 25043383-2 2014 The inhibition of NOX2-generated superoxide has become an effective strategy for developing disease-modifying therapies for PD. Superoxides 33-43 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 18-22 25339677-0 2014 DOCK2 and DOCK5 act additively in neutrophils to regulate chemotaxis, superoxide production, and extracellular trap formation. Superoxides 70-80 dedicator of cytokinesis 5 Mus musculus 10-15 25375125-8 2014 Analyses of peroxynitrite by quantitation of its biomarker nitrotyrosine, superoxide by dihydroethidium imaging and NO formation by diaminofluoroscein imaging showed that the protective actions of arginase 2 deletion were associated with blockade of superoxide and peroxynitrite formation and normalization of NOS activity. Superoxides 250-260 arginase 2 Homo sapiens 197-207 25047750-10 2014 Last, menadione-induced superoxide generation was inhibited by AMPK pharmacologic activators and by overexpression of PGC-1alpha or FoxO3A. Superoxides 24-34 forkhead box O3 Mus musculus 132-138 25000478-7 2014 Wild-type (WT) and MPO-deficient (Mpo) mice were treated with Streptozotocin (STZ), which induced an increase of MPO plasma levels in WT mice and led to enhanced aortic superoxide generation as assessed by dihydroethidium staining in STZ-treated WT mice as compared with controls. Superoxides 169-179 myeloperoxidase Mus musculus 19-22 24382195-7 2014 In contrast, young ccp1(W191F) cells accumulate little H2O2, possess depressed Sod2 activity, enabling their O2( -) level to spike and deactivate aconitase, which, ultimately, leads to greater mitochondrial oxidative damage, early GSH depletion, and a shorter lifespan than wild-type cells. Superoxides 57-59 cytochrome-c peroxidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 19-23 24754522-4 2014 After CS+WR, the liver endothelium exhibited accumulation of superoxide anion (O2-) and diminished levels of nitric oxide (NO); these detrimental effects were prevented by rMnSOD. Superoxides 61-77 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 172-178 24754522-4 2014 After CS+WR, the liver endothelium exhibited accumulation of superoxide anion (O2-) and diminished levels of nitric oxide (NO); these detrimental effects were prevented by rMnSOD. Superoxides 79-81 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 172-178 24827527-4 2014 Cytochrome b, the core protein of the bc1 complex is a major source of superoxide. Superoxides 71-81 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 0-12 25056956-0 2014 Arachidonic acid induces direct interaction of the p67(phox)-Rac complex with the phagocyte oxidase Nox2, leading to superoxide production. Superoxides 117-127 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 100-104 25056956-1 2014 The phagocyte NADPH oxidase Nox2, heterodimerized with p22(phox) in the membrane, is dormant in resting cells but becomes activated upon cell stimulation to produce superoxide, a precursor of microbicidal oxidants. Superoxides 165-175 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 28-32 25056956-6 2014 However, even when constitutively active forms of p47(phox) and Rac1 are both expressed in HeLa cells, superoxide production by Nox2 is scarcely induced in the absence of AA. Superoxides 103-113 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 64-68 25056956-6 2014 However, even when constitutively active forms of p47(phox) and Rac1 are both expressed in HeLa cells, superoxide production by Nox2 is scarcely induced in the absence of AA. Superoxides 103-113 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 128-132 25053401-0 2014 FGF23 directly impairs endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation by increasing superoxide levels and reducing nitric oxide bioavailability. Superoxides 74-84 fibroblast growth factor 23 Mus musculus 0-5 25053401-9 2014 To elucidate a mechanism for the FGF23-induced impairment, we measured superoxide levels in endothelial cells and aortic rings and found that they were increased following FGF23 treatment. Superoxides 71-81 fibroblast growth factor 23 Mus musculus 33-38 25053401-9 2014 To elucidate a mechanism for the FGF23-induced impairment, we measured superoxide levels in endothelial cells and aortic rings and found that they were increased following FGF23 treatment. Superoxides 71-81 fibroblast growth factor 23 Mus musculus 172-177 25053401-11 2014 Therefore, our data suggest that FGF23 increases superoxide, inhibits NO bioavailability, and causes endothelial dysfunction in mouse aorta. Superoxides 49-59 fibroblast growth factor 23 Mus musculus 33-38 24888359-2 2014 Gp91phox contains all of the redox carriers necessary to reduce molecular oxygen to superoxide using NADPH. Superoxides 84-94 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 0-8 24888359-3 2014 The capacity of gp91phox to produce superoxide in the absence of its membrane partner p22phox has been little studied. Superoxides 36-46 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 16-24 21145826-6 2011 RESULTS: Human MSCs and HSC/MFs migrate in response to a panel of polypeptide chemoattractants and extracellularly generated superoxide anion. Superoxides 125-141 fucosyltransferase 1 (H blood group) Homo sapiens 24-27 21343299-4 2011 KGF augmented the recruitment, phagocytic activity, and oxidant responses of alveolar macrophages, including lipopolysaccharide-stimulated nitric oxide release and zymosan-induced superoxide production. Superoxides 180-190 fibroblast growth factor 7 Mus musculus 0-3 21789889-9 2011 Our findings suggested that the high-intensity exercise ameliorated the insulin- and IGF-1-mediated vasorelaxation through the endothelium-dependent pathway, which was associated with the reduced level of superoxide production. Superoxides 205-215 insulin-like growth factor 1 Rattus norvegicus 72-90 21087144-5 2011 The current study demonstrates that DC cells signal a DNA damage response through p53 and its downstream mediator, p21(WAF/CIP), which is accompanied by an elevation in steady-state levels of superoxide and percent glutathione disulfide, both indicators of oxidative stress. Superoxides 192-202 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 115-118 21087144-7 2011 Further, restoring telomerase activity or inhibiting p53 or p21(WAF/CIP) significantly mitigated growth inhibition as well as caused a significant decrease in steady-state levels of superoxide. Superoxides 182-192 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 60-63 21087144-8 2011 Our results support a model in which telomerase insufficiency in DC leads to p21(WAF/CIP) signaling, via p53, to cause increased steady-state levels of superoxide, metabolic oxidative stress, and senescence. Superoxides 152-162 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 77-80 20586612-4 2011 Null of SOD1 and GPX1 elevated respective islet superoxide and hydroperoxide production, and upregulated p53 phosphorylation. Superoxides 48-58 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 17-21 21232086-7 2011 RESULTS: We found that Abeta-induced activation of microglia, activation of PHOX, generation of superoxide and other reactive oxygen species, and loss of dopaminergic neurons were decreased in MAC1-/- cultures compared to MAC1+/+ cultures. Superoxides 96-106 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 23-28 21232086-12 2011 CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our data demonstrate that Abeta activates MAC1 receptor to increase the activity of PI3K, which in turn phosphorylates p47phox, triggers the translocation of cytosolic subunits of PHOX to microglia membrane, increases PHOX activation and the subsequent production of superoxide and causes neurotoxicity. Superoxides 296-306 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 55-60 20959532-8 2011 Silencing TLR2, TLR4, and p47phox with small inhibitory RNAs (siRNAs) significantly reduced superoxide release, NF-kappaB activity, IL-1beta, and MCP-1 secretion in HG and palmitate-treated THP-1 cells. Superoxides 92-102 toll like receptor 4 Homo sapiens 16-20 20934533-8 2011 Furthermore, NADPH oxidase inhibitors (diphenyleneiodonium and apocynin, and a superoxide scavenger (Tiron) inhibited cadmium-induced upregulation of heme oxygenase-1. Superoxides 79-89 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 150-166 20517322-7 2011 Evidence that eNOS was uncoupled was found in that nitric oxide availability was decreased, and superoxide and peroxynitrite concentrations were increased in the brains of mice with SAH. Superoxides 96-106 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 14-18 21792375-3 2011 Additionally, microglial cells release IL-1alpha/beta, reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide (O(2) (-)) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) like nitric oxide (NO). Superoxides 94-104 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 39-48 21792375-3 2011 Additionally, microglial cells release IL-1alpha/beta, reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide (O(2) (-)) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) like nitric oxide (NO). Superoxides 106-110 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 39-48 20887783-4 2010 We hypothesized that after the initial burst of oxidative stress associated with cigarette smoke exposure, a sustained source of endogenous free radical production is modulated by the antioxidant enzyme extracellular superoxide dismutase (ECSOD) and the superoxide-generating complex NADPH oxidase (NOX). Superoxides 217-227 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 239-244 20817944-1 2010 The assembly of cytosolic subunits p47(phox), p67(phox), and p40(phox) with flavocytochrome b(558) at the membrane is required for activating the neutrophil NADPH oxidase that generates superoxide for microbial killing. Superoxides 186-196 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 35-38 20223106-1 2010 OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effects of ulinastatin, a urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI), on jugular venous superoxide radical (O2- ) generation, oxidative stress, early inflammation, and endothelial activation in forebrain ischemia/reperfusion (FBI/R) rats. Superoxides 108-126 alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor Rattus norvegicus 42-53 25318172-5 2014 SOD activity increment could be caused by heterologous cytochrome P450(scc) activity which resulted in the superoxide radical formation. Superoxides 107-117 SCC Bos taurus 71-74 20600453-6 2010 The parameters most indicative of a 3T3 NRU positive PIF or MPE score were the extent of degradation in solution, the quantum yield of formation of singlet oxygen and the relative formation of superoxide anion. Superoxides 193-209 PIF1 5'-to-3' DNA helicase Homo sapiens 53-56 20679349-6 2010 Alanine substitution for Tyr-198, Leu-199, or Val-204 abrogates the ability of p67(phox) to support superoxide production by gp91(phox)-based oxidase as well as its related oxidases Nox1 and Nox3; the activation also involves other invariant residues such as Leu-193, Asp-197, and Gly-200. Superoxides 100-110 NADPH oxidase 3 Homo sapiens 191-195 20830300-3 2010 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Our studies revealed that NADPH oxidase activity and superoxide (O(2)(-)) production in the hippocampal CA1 region increased rapidly after cerebral ischemia to reach a peak at 3 h post-reperfusion, followed by a fall in levels by 24 h post-reperfusion. Superoxides 85-95 carbonic anhydrase 1 Rattus norvegicus 136-139 20830300-3 2010 METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Our studies revealed that NADPH oxidase activity and superoxide (O(2)(-)) production in the hippocampal CA1 region increased rapidly after cerebral ischemia to reach a peak at 3 h post-reperfusion, followed by a fall in levels by 24 h post-reperfusion. Superoxides 97-104 carbonic anhydrase 1 Rattus norvegicus 136-139 20562229-4 2010 Activation of TRPV4 with 4-alpha-phorbol didecanoate (4alphaPDD) significantly increased intracellular calcium, superoxide, and nitric oxide production in TRPV4(+/+) macrophages but not TRPV4(-/-) macrophages. Superoxides 112-122 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 4 Mus musculus 14-19 20529851-1 2010 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex of resting phagocytes includes cytochrome b(559), a membrane-associated heterodimer composed of two subunits (Nox2 and p22(phox)), and four cytosolic proteins (p47(phox), p67(phox), Rac, and p40(phox)). Superoxides 4-14 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 167-170 20529851-1 2010 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex of resting phagocytes includes cytochrome b(559), a membrane-associated heterodimer composed of two subunits (Nox2 and p22(phox)), and four cytosolic proteins (p47(phox), p67(phox), Rac, and p40(phox)). Superoxides 4-14 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 171-175 20529851-1 2010 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex of resting phagocytes includes cytochrome b(559), a membrane-associated heterodimer composed of two subunits (Nox2 and p22(phox)), and four cytosolic proteins (p47(phox), p67(phox), Rac, and p40(phox)). Superoxides 4-14 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 208-211 20529851-1 2010 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex of resting phagocytes includes cytochrome b(559), a membrane-associated heterodimer composed of two subunits (Nox2 and p22(phox)), and four cytosolic proteins (p47(phox), p67(phox), Rac, and p40(phox)). Superoxides 4-14 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 212-216 20529851-1 2010 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex of resting phagocytes includes cytochrome b(559), a membrane-associated heterodimer composed of two subunits (Nox2 and p22(phox)), and four cytosolic proteins (p47(phox), p67(phox), Rac, and p40(phox)). Superoxides 4-14 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 212-216 20529851-1 2010 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex of resting phagocytes includes cytochrome b(559), a membrane-associated heterodimer composed of two subunits (Nox2 and p22(phox)), and four cytosolic proteins (p47(phox), p67(phox), Rac, and p40(phox)). Superoxides 4-14 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 212-216 20716294-3 2010 The activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, oxidases (i.e., Nox4), and systems metabolizing superoxide and peroxide markedly influence hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). Superoxides 101-111 NADPH oxidase 4 Bos taurus 69-73 20457604-4 2010 In the absence of its main electron-accepting substrates (e.g. thioredoxin), wild-type TrxR generates superoxide (O ), which was here detected and quantified by ESR spin trapping with 5-diethoxyphosphoryl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DEPMPO). Superoxides 102-112 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 63-74 24880896-7 2014 Accordingly, VDRKO VSMC showed higher intracellular superoxide anion production, which could be suppressed by cathepsin D, angiotensin-II type 1 receptor or NADPH oxidase antagonists. Superoxides 52-68 cathepsin D Mus musculus 110-121 25081034-10 2014 CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, our data indicate that primary T cells produce extracellular superoxide upon TCR triggering, potentially via NOX2 at the plasma membrane. Superoxides 88-98 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 136-140 24816293-4 2014 In this work, we have purified Cb5R from pig liver and we have experimentally shown that this enzyme catalyzed NADH-dependent production of superoxide anion, assayed with cytochrome c and nitroblue tetrazolium as detection reagents for this particular ROS. Superoxides 140-156 cytochrome c Sus scrofa 171-183 24842918-7 2014 Silencing of p66(Shc) blunted stretch-increased superoxide anion production and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activation and restored nitric oxide bioavailability. Superoxides 48-64 SHC adaptor protein 1 Homo sapiens 17-20 24511123-3 2014 Here, we found that activation of Epac by 8-pCPT-2"-O-Me-cAMP reduced production of reactive oxygen species during reoxygenation after hypoxia by decreasing mitochondrial superoxide production. Superoxides 171-181 Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 Homo sapiens 34-38 24511123-7 2014 Our data suggest that Epac1 decreases reactive oxygen species production by preventing mitochondrial superoxide formation during IR injury, thus limiting the degree of oxidative stress. Superoxides 101-111 Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 Homo sapiens 22-27 24771458-2 2014 We sought to determine the role of Btk protein on neutrophil superoxide generation and chemotaxis stimulated by N-formyl-methionine-leucine-phenylalanine (fMLP). Superoxides 61-71 Bruton tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 35-38 24834923-6 2014 Modulation of AtZAT6 also positively regulates the accumulation of salicylic acid and reactive oxygen species (hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radical). Superoxides 133-151 6 Arabidopsis thaliana 14-20 20457604-4 2010 In the absence of its main electron-accepting substrates (e.g. thioredoxin), wild-type TrxR generates superoxide (O ), which was here detected and quantified by ESR spin trapping with 5-diethoxyphosphoryl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DEPMPO). Superoxides 102-112 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 87-91 20435848-6 2010 In addition, the cellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anion, were significantly increased in resistin-treated HCAECs. Superoxides 77-93 resistin Homo sapiens 127-135 20497976-6 2010 Diabetes mellitus increased cardiac ET-1 expression in wild-type mice, leading to mitochondrial disruption and myofibril disarray through the generation of superoxide. Superoxides 156-166 endothelin 1 Mus musculus 36-40 20606253-7 2010 However, SIRT1 prevented endothelial superoxide production, inhibited NF-kappaB signaling, and diminished expression of adhesion molecules. Superoxides 37-47 sirtuin 1 Mus musculus 9-14 23807430-4 2014 RESULTS: In normal rats, pretreatment with rMnSOD, reduced renal superoxide anion production, induced by the activation of NAPDH oxidase, by 84 % (p < 0.001). Superoxides 65-81 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 43-49 24608027-3 2014 In vitro antioxidant assays showed that the polysaccharides HLP possessed significant inhibitory effects on superoxide radical. Superoxides 108-126 HLP Homo sapiens 60-63 24499461-3 2014 In vitro experiments revealed that a phosphorylation-mimic mutant of nNOS (Ser847 replaced with aspartic acid, 847D) increased uncoupling to produce a superoxide. Superoxides 151-161 nitric oxide synthase 1 Rattus norvegicus 69-73 24713870-8 2014 Berberine also partially reversed the phosphorylation of the catalytic subunit of PP-2A at Tyrosine 307, a crucial site negatively regulating the activity of PP-2A, and reduced the levels of malondialdehyde and the activity of superoxide dismutase, markers of oxidative stress, induced by CA. Superoxides 227-237 protein phosphatase 2, regulatory subunit A, alpha Mus musculus 82-87 25101238-3 2014 We found that the GLUT1 inhibitors fasentin and phloretin increased the ROS levels induced by antimycin A and the superoxide generator pyrogallol. Superoxides 114-124 solute carrier family 2 member 1 Homo sapiens 18-23 24338528-6 2014 Kp infected-lyn(-/-) mice exhibited elevated inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNF-alpha), and increased superoxide in the lung and other organs. Superoxides 104-114 LYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase Mus musculus 12-15 24316039-7 2014 Moreover, lifespan extension induced by cranberry was partially suppressed by knockdown of SOD2, a major mitochondrial superoxide scavenger. Superoxides 119-129 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 91-95 20094972-10 2010 Addition of the steroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist spironolactone or the novel selective nonsteroidal antagonist (R)-BR-4628 reduced the DNA damage and the amount of superoxide radicals indicating a receptor-dependent process. Superoxides 179-189 LOC397452 Sus scrofa 26-52 20454568-9 2010 In contrast, complex formation is severely inhibited in the presence of the C-terminal tail of NOXO1, suggesting that this region competes for binding to p22(phox) and thereby contributes to the regulation of superoxide production. Superoxides 209-219 NADPH oxidase organizer 1 Homo sapiens 95-100 20454568-9 2010 In contrast, complex formation is severely inhibited in the presence of the C-terminal tail of NOXO1, suggesting that this region competes for binding to p22(phox) and thereby contributes to the regulation of superoxide production. Superoxides 209-219 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 154-157 20339118-2 2010 OBJECTIVES: We sought to test whether vasoactive agents regulate Nox5 through Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent processes and whether Ca(2+)-sensitive Nox5, associated with Rac-1, generates superoxide (O(2)(*-)) and activates growth and inflammatory responses via mitogen-activated protein kinases in human endothelial cells (ECs). Superoxides 184-194 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 145-149 20339118-8 2010 Nox5 knockdown abrogated agonist-stimulated O(2)(*-) production and inhibited phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, but not p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) or SAPK/JNK (stress-activated protein kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase). Superoxides 44-48 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 0-4 20422004-2 2010 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) is a major secreted extracellular enzyme that catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide to H(2)O(2), and anchors to EC surface through heparin-binding domain (HBD). Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 36-41 24422478-0 2014 Superoxide inhibits guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) action on Ras, but not on Rho, through desensitization of Ras to GEF. Superoxides 0-10 Ras protein specific guanine nucleotide releasing factor 1 Homo sapiens 20-54 24422478-0 2014 Superoxide inhibits guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) action on Ras, but not on Rho, through desensitization of Ras to GEF. Superoxides 0-10 Ras protein specific guanine nucleotide releasing factor 1 Homo sapiens 56-59 24422478-0 2014 Superoxide inhibits guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) action on Ras, but not on Rho, through desensitization of Ras to GEF. Superoxides 0-10 Ras protein specific guanine nucleotide releasing factor 1 Homo sapiens 126-129 24563852-3 2014 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide into hydrogen peroxide which can then be further detoxified by other antioxidant enzymes. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 32-37 25038992-5 2014 Recent studies demonstrated that the intracellular PON proteins; PON2 and PON3 (i) are associated with mitochondria and mitochondria-associated membranes, (ii) modulate mitochondria-dependent superoxide production, and (iii) prevent apoptosis. Superoxides 192-202 paraoxonase 2 Homo sapiens 65-69 25038992-5 2014 Recent studies demonstrated that the intracellular PON proteins; PON2 and PON3 (i) are associated with mitochondria and mitochondria-associated membranes, (ii) modulate mitochondria-dependent superoxide production, and (iii) prevent apoptosis. Superoxides 192-202 paraoxonase 3 Homo sapiens 74-78 24877125-6 2014 We found that endothelial AT1-activated NAD(P)H oxidase-driven generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in diabetic rat carotid impairs ACE2-angiotensin-(1-7)-Mas axis functionality, which reduces carotid flow. Superoxides 77-87 angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 Rattus norvegicus 142-146 24877125-7 2014 In this mechanism, hydrogen peroxide derived from superoxide dismutation inhibits ACE2 activity in generating angiotensin-(1-7) seemingly by activating I(Cl,SWELL0, while superoxide inhibits the nitrergic Mas-mediated vasorelaxation evoked by angiotensin-(1-7). Superoxides 50-60 angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 Rattus norvegicus 82-86 24877125-7 2014 In this mechanism, hydrogen peroxide derived from superoxide dismutation inhibits ACE2 activity in generating angiotensin-(1-7) seemingly by activating I(Cl,SWELL0, while superoxide inhibits the nitrergic Mas-mediated vasorelaxation evoked by angiotensin-(1-7). Superoxides 171-181 angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 Rattus norvegicus 82-86 24881668-0 2014 Ferric human neuroglobin scavenges superoxide to form oxy adduct. Superoxides 35-45 neuroglobin Homo sapiens 13-24 24881668-3 2014 In order to clarify functions under hypoxic condition, in this study, we focused on the scavenger activity of human Ngb (hNgb) against superoxide. Superoxides 135-145 neuroglobin Homo sapiens 116-119 24881668-3 2014 In order to clarify functions under hypoxic condition, in this study, we focused on the scavenger activity of human Ngb (hNgb) against superoxide. Superoxides 135-145 neuroglobin Homo sapiens 121-125 24881668-4 2014 The activity of hNgb for superoxide was evaluated to be 7.4 microM for IC50, the half maximal inhibitory concentration. Superoxides 25-35 neuroglobin Homo sapiens 16-20 24881668-6 2014 In addition, we characterized oxidation states of a heme iron in superoxide-treated hNgb with spectroscopic measurements. Superoxides 65-75 neuroglobin Homo sapiens 84-88 24881668-7 2014 Superoxide-treated hNgb in the ferric form was readily converted to the oxygenated ferrous form, and the result suggested that ferric hNgb could scavenge superoxide by change of an oxidation state in a heme iron. Superoxides 0-10 neuroglobin Homo sapiens 19-23 24881668-7 2014 Superoxide-treated hNgb in the ferric form was readily converted to the oxygenated ferrous form, and the result suggested that ferric hNgb could scavenge superoxide by change of an oxidation state in a heme iron. Superoxides 0-10 neuroglobin Homo sapiens 134-138 24881668-7 2014 Superoxide-treated hNgb in the ferric form was readily converted to the oxygenated ferrous form, and the result suggested that ferric hNgb could scavenge superoxide by change of an oxidation state in a heme iron. Superoxides 154-164 neuroglobin Homo sapiens 19-23 24881668-7 2014 Superoxide-treated hNgb in the ferric form was readily converted to the oxygenated ferrous form, and the result suggested that ferric hNgb could scavenge superoxide by change of an oxidation state in a heme iron. Superoxides 154-164 neuroglobin Homo sapiens 134-138 26180524-7 2014 Once this was determined, electron spin resonance (ESR) spin trapping was used to detect and measure hydroxyl or superoxide radicals in. Superoxides 113-132 spindlin 1 Mus musculus 56-60 26180524-8 2014 Fenton chemistry was utilized for production of hydroxyl radicals and a xanthine/xanthine oxidase reaction for the production of superoxide radicals in the diet and in RAW 264.7 mouse peritoneal monocytes exposed to the diet. Superoxides 129-148 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 81-97 24504963-1 2014 The superoxide (O2 ( -))-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes comprises a membrane-imbedded heterodimeric flavocytochrome, known as cytochrome b 558 (consisting of Nox2 and p22 (phox) ) and four cytosolic regulatory proteins, p47 (phox) , p67 (phox) , p40 (phox) , and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 4-14 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 142-154 24504963-1 2014 The superoxide (O2 ( -))-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes comprises a membrane-imbedded heterodimeric flavocytochrome, known as cytochrome b 558 (consisting of Nox2 and p22 (phox) ) and four cytosolic regulatory proteins, p47 (phox) , p67 (phox) , p40 (phox) , and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 4-14 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 174-178 20019674-11 2010 EPO therapy further increased tissue levels of ET-1 and superoxide anion production. Superoxides 56-72 erythropoietin Rattus norvegicus 0-3 19942609-9 2010 Moreover, beclin-1 gene expression was directly dependent on POX catalytic activity, namely the generation of POX-dependent superoxide. Superoxides 124-134 proline dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 61-64 25462061-1 2014 The NADPH oxidase Nox2, a multi-subunit enzyme complex comprising membrane and cytosolic proteins, catalyzes a very intense production of superoxide ions O2( -), which are transformed into other reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxides 138-148 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 18-22 25462061-1 2014 The NADPH oxidase Nox2, a multi-subunit enzyme complex comprising membrane and cytosolic proteins, catalyzes a very intense production of superoxide ions O2( -), which are transformed into other reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxides 154-156 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 18-22 24598074-1 2014 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes consists of the membrane-associated cytochrome b 558 (a heterodimer of Nox2 and p22(phox)) and 4 cytosolic components: p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase, Rac, in complex with RhoGDI. Superoxides 4-14 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 90-102 24598074-1 2014 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes consists of the membrane-associated cytochrome b 558 (a heterodimer of Nox2 and p22(phox)) and 4 cytosolic components: p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase, Rac, in complex with RhoGDI. Superoxides 4-14 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 125-129 24598074-1 2014 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes consists of the membrane-associated cytochrome b 558 (a heterodimer of Nox2 and p22(phox)) and 4 cytosolic components: p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase, Rac, in complex with RhoGDI. Superoxides 4-14 Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 Homo sapiens 195-198 24598074-2 2014 Superoxide is produced by the NADPH-driven reduction of molecular oxygen, via a redox gradient located in Nox2. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 106-110 24187133-2 2013 A peptide that mimics a putative activation domain of the Nox1 activator subunit NOXA1 (NOXA1 docking sequence, also known as NoxA1ds) potently inhibited Nox1-derived superoxide anion (O2 -) production in a reconstituted Nox1 cell-free system, with no effect on Nox2-, Nox4-, Nox5-, or xanthine oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species production as measured by cytochrome c reduction, Amplex Red fluorescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance. Superoxides 167-183 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 262-266 24187133-2 2013 A peptide that mimics a putative activation domain of the Nox1 activator subunit NOXA1 (NOXA1 docking sequence, also known as NoxA1ds) potently inhibited Nox1-derived superoxide anion (O2 -) production in a reconstituted Nox1 cell-free system, with no effect on Nox2-, Nox4-, Nox5-, or xanthine oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species production as measured by cytochrome c reduction, Amplex Red fluorescence, and electron paramagnetic resonance. Superoxides 185-187 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 262-266 23899606-4 2013 Even though oxidative stress is a well-known condition of beta-thal patients, our results indicate that the occurrence of mineralized elastin is associated with a more pronounced redox disequilibrium, as demonstrated by the intracellular increase of anion superoxide and of oxidized proteins and lipids. Superoxides 256-266 elastin Homo sapiens 134-141 24227736-4 2013 Siglec-E on microglia inhibited phagocytosis of neural debris and prevented the production of superoxide radicals induced by challenge with neural debris. Superoxides 94-104 sialic acid binding Ig-like lectin E Mus musculus 0-8 24060804-9 2013 These results suggest that elevated NF-kappaB, c-fos and RAR-alpha expressions and MMP-9 activity in the SHR are superoxide-dependent. Superoxides 113-123 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 47-52 24060804-9 2013 These results suggest that elevated NF-kappaB, c-fos and RAR-alpha expressions and MMP-9 activity in the SHR are superoxide-dependent. Superoxides 113-123 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Rattus norvegicus 83-88 19942609-9 2010 Moreover, beclin-1 gene expression was directly dependent on POX catalytic activity, namely the generation of POX-dependent superoxide. Superoxides 124-134 proline dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 110-113 20028137-3 2010 NOX5 generates superoxide in response to intracellular Ca(2+) elevation in vivo and in a cell-free system. Superoxides 15-25 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 0-4 20028137-8 2010 NOX5-EF binds to these two segments in a Ca(2+)-dependent way, and the superoxide generation by NOX5 depends on this interaction. Superoxides 71-81 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 0-4 20028137-8 2010 NOX5-EF binds to these two segments in a Ca(2+)-dependent way, and the superoxide generation by NOX5 depends on this interaction. Superoxides 71-81 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 96-100 19923358-4 2010 Adenovirus (Ad) MnSOD (1 x 10(8) plaque-forming units/ml) gene transfer selectively to the CBs normalized mitochondrial superoxide levels in glomus cells from CHF CB. Superoxides 120-130 SOD-2 Oryctolagus cuniculus 16-21 19923358-5 2010 In addition, Ad MnSOD reduced the elevation of superoxide level in CB tissue from CHF rabbits. Superoxides 47-57 SOD-2 Oryctolagus cuniculus 16-21 20129246-2 2010 This work demonstrates that SIRT3(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) exhibit abnormal mitochondrial physiology as well as increases in stress-induced superoxide levels and genomic instability. Superoxides 155-165 sirtuin 3 Mus musculus 28-33 19815008-7 2010 Gp120-induced Ca(2+) signaling in both neuron types was inhibited by GPx1 or Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), implicating superoxide and peroxide in ligand (gp120)-induced signaling upstream of Ca(2+) release from intracellular stores. Superoxides 83-93 inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 Homo sapiens 0-5 21063103-0 2010 Opposite effect of Hsp90alpha and Hsp90beta on eNOS ability to produce nitric oxide or superoxide anion in human embryonic kidney cells. Superoxides 87-103 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 19-29 21063103-0 2010 Opposite effect of Hsp90alpha and Hsp90beta on eNOS ability to produce nitric oxide or superoxide anion in human embryonic kidney cells. Superoxides 87-103 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class B member 1 Homo sapiens 34-43 20533900-5 2010 The inducible leak through the ANT (adenine nucleotide translocase) and UCPs (uncoupling proteins) can be activated by fatty acids, superoxide or lipid peroxidation products. Superoxides 132-142 solute carrier family 25 member 6 Homo sapiens 31-34 19509473-2 2009 The aim of the study was to compare, in the model of human MNL, the effect of potassium-sparing diuretics amiloride and canrenone, on the protein expression of p22phox, a NADPH-oxidase system subunit, that is a principal marker of production of superoxide anions. Superoxides 245-262 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 160-167 19301149-5 2009 Leptin was found to increase oxidative species production as measured with 2",7"-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (general marker of oxidative species, but not O2-*) and dihydroethidium (marker of O2-*). Superoxides 201-203 leptin Homo sapiens 0-6 19301149-7 2009 Inhibition of the Na+-H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) also inhibited leptin-induced superoxide anion production but at the same time amplified leptin-induced production of other oxidative species. Superoxides 82-98 leptin Homo sapiens 67-73 19837302-11 2009 In all the patients with SCC, a lowered ability of neutrophils to generate superoxide anion radicals and an increased production of cyclic guanosine monophosphate by PMNs and PBMCs was confirmed. Superoxides 75-100 serpin family B member 3 Homo sapiens 25-28 19799418-1 2009 We report a kinetic study of the reaction between superoxide and an important intracellular form of vitamin B(12), cob(II)alamin. Superoxides 50-60 metabolism of cobalamin associated B Homo sapiens 115-118 19799418-3 2009 We found that cob(II)alamin reacts with superoxide at rates approaching those of superoxide dismutase itself, suggesting a probable mechanism by which vitamin B(12) protects against chronic inflammation and modulates redox homeostasis. Superoxides 40-50 metabolism of cobalamin associated B Homo sapiens 14-17 19481066-0 2009 Bz-423 superoxide signals B cell apoptosis via Mcl-1, Bak, and Bax. Superoxides 7-17 BCL2-antagonist/killer 1 Mus musculus 54-57 19481066-6 2009 Treatment with Bz-423 results in superoxide-dependent Mcl-1 degradation, implicating this protein as the link between Bz-423-induced superoxide and Bax and Bak activation. Superoxides 33-43 BCL2-antagonist/killer 1 Mus musculus 156-159 19692703-3 2009 A fifth subunit, p40(phox), plays an important role in phagocytosis-induced superoxide production via a phox homology (PX) domain that binds to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P). Superoxides 76-86 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 21-25 19692703-3 2009 A fifth subunit, p40(phox), plays an important role in phagocytosis-induced superoxide production via a phox homology (PX) domain that binds to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns(3)P). Superoxides 76-86 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 104-108 19438290-3 2009 Nox1 and Nox3 are similar to the phagocytic (Nox2-based) oxidase, functioning as multicomponent superoxide-generating enzymes. Superoxides 96-106 NADPH oxidase 3 Homo sapiens 9-13 20137536-4 2009 Myocardial NADPH oxidase activity was evaluated by NADPH dependent superoxide production examined using superoxide dismutase-inhibitable cytochrome c reduction. Superoxides 67-77 NADPH oxidase 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 11-24 19446539-2 2009 TOF and ethyl acetate extracts were found to be efficient in inhibiting xanthine oxidase with IC(50) values of 240 and 185 microg/ml and superoxide anion with IC(50) values of 150 and 215 microg/ml, respectively. Superoxides 137-153 FEZ family zinc finger 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 19470831-8 2009 Additional experiments demonstrated that treatment of AMPK-DN cardiomyocytes with gAPN reduced SI/R-induced NADPH oxidase overexpression, decreased superoxide generation, and blocked peroxynitrite formation to the same extent as that observed in WT cardiomyocytes. Superoxides 148-158 sucrase isomaltase, regulatory Mus musculus 95-99 19470831-9 2009 Collectively, our present study demonstrated that although the metabolic and eNOS activation effect of APN is largely mediated by AMPK, the superoxide-suppressing effect of APN is not mediated by AMPK, and this AMPK-independent antioxidant property of APN increased nitric oxide bioavailability and exerted significant antiapoptotic effect. Superoxides 140-150 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Mus musculus 173-176 19470831-9 2009 Collectively, our present study demonstrated that although the metabolic and eNOS activation effect of APN is largely mediated by AMPK, the superoxide-suppressing effect of APN is not mediated by AMPK, and this AMPK-independent antioxidant property of APN increased nitric oxide bioavailability and exerted significant antiapoptotic effect. Superoxides 140-150 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Mus musculus 173-176 19656030-14 2009 CONCLUSION: LAgP PMNs are primed to express higher levels of CP, leading to hypoxia-mediated O(2)(-) generation in PMNs and increased oxidative stress and neutrophil-mediated tissue injury in LAgP. Superoxides 93-97 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 61-63 19561112-6 2009 In addition, we observed significant reduction in NADPH oxidase-mediated superoxide production and complement-mediated phagocytosis in FAK null neutrophils. Superoxides 73-83 PTK2 protein tyrosine kinase 2 Mus musculus 135-138 19561112-9 2009 Disruption of FAK also reduced chemoattractant-elicited superoxide production in suspended neutrophils in the absence of cell adhesion. Superoxides 56-66 PTK2 protein tyrosine kinase 2 Mus musculus 14-17 19546249-5 2009 Using mice deficient for the catalytic subunit gp91(phox) to characterize the molecular link to activated T cell apoptosis, we show that gp91(phox)-deficient T (T(-/-)) cells generated mitochondrial superoxide but had diminished hydrogen peroxide production in response to neglect, which, in turn, regulated Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent Bax activation and apoptosis. Superoxides 199-209 paired Ig-like receptor B Mus musculus 47-51 19546249-5 2009 Using mice deficient for the catalytic subunit gp91(phox) to characterize the molecular link to activated T cell apoptosis, we show that gp91(phox)-deficient T (T(-/-)) cells generated mitochondrial superoxide but had diminished hydrogen peroxide production in response to neglect, which, in turn, regulated Jun N-terminal kinase-dependent Bax activation and apoptosis. Superoxides 199-209 paired Ig-like receptor B Mus musculus 137-141 19747097-3 2009 Both ferulate and coniferol, when added together with hydrogen peroxide, stimulated superoxide production by extracellular peroxidase. Superoxides 84-94 peroxidase-like Triticum aestivum 123-133 19473058-0 2009 Nitric oxide and superoxide anion differentially activate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 and Bax to induce nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor and mitochondrial release of cytochrome c after spinal cord injury. Superoxides 17-33 poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Rattus norvegicus 58-87 19473058-0 2009 Nitric oxide and superoxide anion differentially activate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 and Bax to induce nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor and mitochondrial release of cytochrome c after spinal cord injury. Superoxides 17-33 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 92-95 19473058-6 2009 We conclude that overproduction of NO and O(2)(.-) in the injured spinal cord promulgates mitochondrial dysfunction and triggers AIF- and caspase-dependent apoptotic signaling cascades via differential upregulation of nuclear PARP-1 and mitochondrial translocation of Bax. Superoxides 42-46 poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Rattus norvegicus 226-232 19473058-6 2009 We conclude that overproduction of NO and O(2)(.-) in the injured spinal cord promulgates mitochondrial dysfunction and triggers AIF- and caspase-dependent apoptotic signaling cascades via differential upregulation of nuclear PARP-1 and mitochondrial translocation of Bax. Superoxides 42-46 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 268-271 19453511-5 2009 Unlike the wild-type, Col-0, Arabidopsis mutants deficient in ethylene signaling (ein2) or salicylic acid biosynthesis (sid2) generated high levels of superoxide and exhibited visible leaf injury, indicating that ethylene and salicylic acid can reduce ozone damage. Superoxides 151-161 ADC synthase superfamily protein Arabidopsis thaliana 120-124 19363130-9 2009 MG-132 or the neutralization of TNF-alpha reduced superoxide production in Lepr(db) mice. Superoxides 50-60 leptin receptor Mus musculus 75-79 19061438-5 2009 Endosomes containing Nox2 and ClC-3 (called signaling endosomes) are composed of internalized plasma membrane and generate O(2)(*-) in the endosomal lumen to initiate signaling at intracellular sites. Superoxides 123-127 chloride voltage-gated channel 3 Homo sapiens 30-35 19645667-0 2009 Site-directed mutagenesis of cytochrome c: reactions with respiratory chain components and superoxide radical. Superoxides 91-101 cytochrome c, somatic Equus caballus 29-41 19645667-1 2009 Three forms of horse heart cytochrome c with specific substitutions of heme cleft surface located amino acid residues involved in specific interactions with ubiquinol:cytochrome c reductase (complex III) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) were constructed, and their reactions with superoxide radical produced by NADH:ubiquinone reductase (complex I) were studied. Superoxides 285-303 cytochrome c, somatic Equus caballus 167-179 19645667-1 2009 Three forms of horse heart cytochrome c with specific substitutions of heme cleft surface located amino acid residues involved in specific interactions with ubiquinol:cytochrome c reductase (complex III) and cytochrome c oxidase (complex IV) were constructed, and their reactions with superoxide radical produced by NADH:ubiquinone reductase (complex I) were studied. Superoxides 285-303 cytochrome c, somatic Equus caballus 167-179 19645667-5 2009 Quantitative comparison of superoxide-mediated cytochrome c reduction with hydrogen peroxide-mediated Amplex Red oxidation suggests that complex I within its native environment (submitochondrial particles) produces both superoxide (~50%) and hydrogen peroxide (~50%). Superoxides 27-37 cytochrome c, somatic Equus caballus 47-59 19332555-7 2009 This pathway manifests itself during chronic ethanol consumption in aged animals and identifies caspase-2, Bid, and Bak as essential mediators of O(2)(*-)-induced apoptosis that may prove effective targets for the development of therapeutics to treat alcoholic liver disease. Superoxides 146-154 caspase 2 Homo sapiens 96-105 19414794-4 2009 We observed impaired O(2)( ) generation by LPS-treated and fMLP-activated IRAK4-deficient PMN that correlated with decreased phosphorylation of p47(phox) and subnormal translocation of p47(phox), p67(phox), Rac2, and gp91(phox)/Nox2 to the membranes indicating that TLR4 signaling to the NOX activation pathway requires IRAK4. Superoxides 21-25 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 144-147 19414794-4 2009 We observed impaired O(2)( ) generation by LPS-treated and fMLP-activated IRAK4-deficient PMN that correlated with decreased phosphorylation of p47(phox) and subnormal translocation of p47(phox), p67(phox), Rac2, and gp91(phox)/Nox2 to the membranes indicating that TLR4 signaling to the NOX activation pathway requires IRAK4. Superoxides 21-25 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 185-188 19414794-4 2009 We observed impaired O(2)( ) generation by LPS-treated and fMLP-activated IRAK4-deficient PMN that correlated with decreased phosphorylation of p47(phox) and subnormal translocation of p47(phox), p67(phox), Rac2, and gp91(phox)/Nox2 to the membranes indicating that TLR4 signaling to the NOX activation pathway requires IRAK4. Superoxides 21-25 toll like receptor 4 Homo sapiens 266-270 19414794-5 2009 NEMO-deficient PMN generated significantly less O(2)( ) in response to LPS-primed fMLP and translocated less p67(phox) than normal PMN, although p47(phox) and Rac2 translocation were normal. Superoxides 48-52 inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa B kinase regulatory subunit gamma Homo sapiens 0-4 19384082-6 2009 Delivery of human HO-1 to hyperglycemic rats significantly lowers superoxide levels and prevents EC damage and sloughing of vascular EC into the circulation. Superoxides 66-76 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 18-22 19282028-8 2009 In this report, we add MMK-1 to a large number of FPR2 ligands that activate the neutrophil superoxide-generating NADPH-oxidase. Superoxides 92-102 formyl peptide receptor 2 Homo sapiens 50-54 19183290-7 2009 High sensitivity of O2(*-)-producing activity to peroxidase inhibitors and production of O2(*-) by purified peroxidases in vitro provided evidence for the involvement of ECPOXs in O2(*-) production in the apoplast. Superoxides 20-22 peroxidase-like Triticum aestivum 49-59 19286591-1 2009 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Endothelial nitric oxide synthase produces superoxide under physiological conditions leading to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) -dependent dilations to acetylcholine in isolated mouse cerebral arteries. Superoxides 67-77 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 24-57 19715503-2 2009 In-vitro administration of salmon IGF-I (sIGF-I), human IGF-I, and human IGF-II Increased superoxide production in zymosan-stimulated HKL. Superoxides 90-100 insulin like growth factor 2 Homo sapiens 73-79 19090790-1 2009 The superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase in phagocytes is crucial for host defence; its catalytic core is the membrane-integrated protein gp91phox [also known as Nox2 (NADPH oxidase 2)], which forms a stable heterodimer with p22phox. Superoxides 4-14 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 223-230 19090790-3 2009 At the membrane, these proteins assemble with the gp91phox-p22phox heterodimer and induce a conformational change of gp91phox, leading to superoxide production. Superoxides 138-148 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 59-66 19168729-4 2009 PDBu appeared to increase superoxide generation by Nox2 through both p47(phox) and peroxide-dependent Src activation mechanisms based on the actions of inhibitors, properties of Src phosphorylation, and the loss of responses in aorta from mice deficient in Nox2 and p47(phox). Superoxides 26-36 Rous sarcoma oncogene Mus musculus 102-105 19136381-2 2009 Superoxide formation causes c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK)- and caspase-dependent apoptosis in cultured hepatocytes. Superoxides 0-10 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 28-53 19136381-2 2009 Superoxide formation causes c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK)- and caspase-dependent apoptosis in cultured hepatocytes. Superoxides 0-10 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 55-58 19229847-0 2009 Rapid determination of superoxide free radical in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by MCE with LIF. Superoxides 23-33 LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine Homo sapiens 93-96 19084054-5 2009 fMLP- and AA-induced tyrosyl phosphorylation and translocation of the cytosolic proteins: p47(phox), p67(phox), and Rac to the cell membrane were suppressed in parallel with the suppression of stimulus-induced superoxide generation. Superoxides 210-220 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 90-93 19189052-3 2009 In this model, superoxide-induced activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a central mechanism by which the optimal balance of antifungal host defense and immune tolerance occurs. Superoxides 15-25 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 48-75 19189052-3 2009 In this model, superoxide-induced activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is a central mechanism by which the optimal balance of antifungal host defense and immune tolerance occurs. Superoxides 15-25 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 77-80 18978194-0 2009 High glucose-induced Nox1-derived superoxides downregulate PKC-betaII, which subsequently decreases ACE2 expression and ANG(1-7) formation in rat VSMCs. Superoxides 34-45 phospholipase C, beta 2 Rattus norvegicus 59-69 18978194-11 2009 Nox1-derived superoxides reduce PKC-betaII expression, which lowers ACE2 mRNA and protein levels and consequently decreases ANG(1-7) formation. Superoxides 13-24 phospholipase C, beta 2 Rattus norvegicus 32-42 19372642-6 2009 PDF exposure resulted in intracellular accumulation of superoxide in a time-dependent manner, with collapse of Deltapsim as well. Superoxides 55-65 peptide deformylase, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 0-3 19372642-9 2009 NAC treatment preserved the content of intracellular reduced glutathione, and also attenuated the PDF-induced superoxide accumulation and Deltapsim collapse. Superoxides 110-120 peptide deformylase, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 98-101 18791203-8 2009 CONCLUSION: LPS + IFN gamma stimulates endothelial cells to produce iNOS-derived NO and NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide, which form peroxynitrite that nitrates tyrosine residues in PP2Ac and inhibits their phosphorylation. Superoxides 110-120 protein phosphatase 2 (formerly 2A), catalytic subunit, beta isoform Mus musculus 182-187 20375610-2 2009 In activation of the oxidase, the multidomain protein p67(phox)plays a central role: it translocates to the membrane as a ternary complex with p47(phox)and p40(phox), and interacts with the small GTPase Rac to assemble with the membrane-integrated catalytic protein gp91(phox), leading to superoxide production. Superoxides 289-299 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 143-146 18794809-2 2008 POX is markedly elevated during p53-induced apoptosis and generates proline-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS), specifically superoxide radicals, to induce apoptosis through both mitochondrial and death receptor pathways. Superoxides 130-140 proline dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 18829738-5 2008 IMD also dramatically decreased superoxide formation and media thickness in the aorta. Superoxides 32-42 adrenomedullin 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-3 19032594-9 2008 Overall, these results show that as well as having a number of effects on cellular events upstream of mitochondrial dysfunction alpha-synuclein affects pathways downstream of superoxide production, possibly involving regulation of NOS activity. Superoxides 175-185 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 128-143 18502673-7 2008 We found that P-Rex1 is a major Rac1 regulator in mouse macrophages as its deficiency significantly compromises macrophage chemotaxis, superoxide production (SOD), and Rac1 activation in response to chemoattractants. Superoxides 135-145 phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate-dependent Rac exchange factor 1 Mus musculus 14-20 18718527-0 2008 Bz-423 superoxide signals apoptosis via selective activation of JNK, Bak, and Bax. Superoxides 7-17 BCL2-antagonist/killer 1 Mus musculus 69-72 18718527-4 2008 Bz-423-induced superoxide activates cytosolic ASK1 and its release from thioredoxin. Superoxides 15-25 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 Mus musculus 46-50 18768397-1 2008 The extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3), a secretory copper-containing enzyme, regulates angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced hypertension by modulating levels of extracellular superoxide anion. Superoxides 178-194 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 40-44 18772329-9 2008 The reduction of O2(-) was linked to both reduced expression of p47 phox of NADPH oxidase and overexpression of extracellular superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 17-19 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 64-67 18787098-4 2008 Acute reduction of SOD3 led to a fivefold increase in lung superoxide, marked inflammatory cell infiltration, a threefold increase in the arterial-alveolar gradient, respiratory acidosis, histological changes similar to those observed in adult respiratory distress syndrome, and 85% mortality. Superoxides 59-69 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 19-23 18787098-5 2008 Treatment with the SOD mimetic MnTBAP and intranasal administration of SOD-containing polyketal microparticles reduced mortality, prevented the histological alterations, and reduced lung superoxide levels. Superoxides 187-197 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 19-22 18809715-6 2008 Hyperglycemia-induced epigenetic changes and increased p65 expression are prevented by reducing mitochondrial superoxide production or superoxide-induced alpha-oxoaldehydes. Superoxides 110-120 v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian) Mus musculus 55-58 18809715-6 2008 Hyperglycemia-induced epigenetic changes and increased p65 expression are prevented by reducing mitochondrial superoxide production or superoxide-induced alpha-oxoaldehydes. Superoxides 135-145 v-rel reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (avian) Mus musculus 55-58 18638447-0 2008 The AP-1 site is essential for the promoter activity of NOX1/NADPH oxidase, a vascular superoxide-producing enzyme: Possible involvement of the ERK1/2-JunB pathway. Superoxides 87-97 JunB proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 151-155 18599502-2 2008 We used mice overexpressing the extracellular antioxidant enzyme extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD TG) to test the hypothesis that O(2)(.-) generated in the extracellular compartment under hypoxic conditions contributes to PH through the induction of the transcription factor, early growth response-1 (Egr-1), and its downstream gene target, tissue factor (TF). Superoxides 140-144 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 65-99 18556569-4 2008 The goal of the current study was to directly assess the contribution of NADPH oxidase derived superoxide to eNOS function by expressing Nox5, a single gene product that constitutively produces superoxide within cells. Superoxides 95-105 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 137-141 18556569-4 2008 The goal of the current study was to directly assess the contribution of NADPH oxidase derived superoxide to eNOS function by expressing Nox5, a single gene product that constitutively produces superoxide within cells. Superoxides 194-204 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 137-141 18757424-8 2008 The NH(2)-terminal domain of TSP2 also stimulates monocyte superoxide production. Superoxides 59-69 thrombospondin 2 Homo sapiens 29-33 18645049-1 2008 GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GTPCH1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an essential cofactor for endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) dictating, at least partly, the balance of NO and superoxide produced by this enzyme. Superoxides 216-226 GTP cyclohydrolase 1 Mus musculus 0-20 18645049-1 2008 GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GTPCH1) is the rate-limiting enzyme in de novo synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), an essential cofactor for endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) dictating, at least partly, the balance of NO and superoxide produced by this enzyme. Superoxides 216-226 GTP cyclohydrolase 1 Mus musculus 22-28 18645049-7 2008 BH4 reduction induced by GTPCH1 siRNA injection was associated with increased aortic levels of superoxide, 3-nitrotyrosine, and adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1), as well as a significantly elevated systolic, diastolic, and mean BP in C57BL6 mice. Superoxides 95-105 GTP cyclohydrolase 1 Mus musculus 25-31 18678787-6 2008 Therefore, it can be concluded that the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt pathway, in combination with the translocation of p47phox, p22phox, and Rac-1, contributes to the superoxide production induced by high glucose, resulting in the impairment of ATP-sensitive K(+) channel function in the human visceral artery. Superoxides 190-200 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 151-158 18501421-9 2008 Both fractions were tested in peritoneal mice macrophages and remained active, promoting an increase of superoxide anion production of 2.0 and 2.3-fold, at 250 microg/mL, for AG-S and AG-P, respectively. Superoxides 104-120 galactosidase, alpha Mus musculus 175-179 18514075-2 2008 Proinflammatory stimuli, as bacterial lipopolysaccharide associated with interferon-gamma, caused a rapid/robust burst of superoxide radicals, sensitive to NADPH oxidase inhibition, followed by dismutation to H2O2, the species resulting in DNA damage via a Fenton-type reaction. Superoxides 122-132 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 73-89 18438942-6 2008 In situ detection of superoxide generation with dihydroethidium fluorescence revealed an increase in superoxide within the ischemic core at 6 hr poststroke that was mostly colocalized with the neuronal marker NeuN. Superoxides 21-31 RNA binding fox-1 homolog 3 Rattus norvegicus 209-213 18438942-6 2008 In situ detection of superoxide generation with dihydroethidium fluorescence revealed an increase in superoxide within the ischemic core at 6 hr poststroke that was mostly colocalized with the neuronal marker NeuN. Superoxides 101-111 RNA binding fox-1 homolog 3 Rattus norvegicus 209-213 18818569-0 2008 Increased superoxide radical with a decrease in vascular endothelial growth factor and inducible nitric oxide synthase level leads to the progression of left ventricular hypertrophy in a pressure-overload rat heart model. Superoxides 10-28 vascular endothelial growth factor A Rattus norvegicus 48-82 18729091-2 2008 Prior studies with purified human cytochrome b(5) and NADPH:P450 reductase in reconstituted proteoliposomes (PLs) demonstrated rapid reduction of Cr(VI) (hexavalent chromium, as CrO(4)(2-), and the generation of Cr(V), superoxide (O(2)(*-)), and hydroxyl radical (HO(*)). Superoxides 219-229 cytochrome b5 type A Homo sapiens 34-49 18606697-8 2008 Genetic deletion of mfpr1 resulted in abrogation of neutrophil superoxide production and degranulation in response to fMIVIL and fMIFL, further demonstrating that mFPR1 is the primary receptor for detection of these formyl peptides. Superoxides 63-73 formyl peptide receptor 1 Mus musculus 20-25 18510959-7 2008 Increased superoxide production was mediated in part by the vascular nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase as indicated by a marked stimulation of p67(phox)/rac1 NADPH oxidase subunit expression and by increased rac1 membrane association. Superoxides 10-20 methionyl aminopeptidase 2 Rattus norvegicus 171-174 18339714-10 2008 The Ras and Rac1 regulation of superoxide appeared to raise apoptotic activity by activating GSK-3beta and inhibiting Wnt5a/beta-catenin signaling. Superoxides 31-41 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 124-136 18398337-10 2008 CYBA C242T and NOS3 G894T polymorphisms had additive effects on vascular superoxide generation (P = 0.026) and xanthine oxidase activity was increased in patients with CAD (P = 0.043). Superoxides 73-83 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 0-4 18424721-4 2008 Our results show that superoxide levels were significantly increased in a time-dependent manner in blood monocyte-derived macrophages treated with 1 muM As(2)O(3) for 72 h. Concomitantly, As(2)O(3) induced phosphorylation and membrane translocation of the NADPH oxidase subunit p47(phox) and it also increased translocation of Rac1 and p67(phox). Superoxides 22-32 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 278-281 17945515-3 2008 The aims of this study were to determine if OA cartilage shows evidence of DNA damage, and if IL-1 could induce DNA damage in non-OA cartilage by increasing NO or superoxide. Superoxides 163-173 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 94-98 18287332-0 2008 Role of extracellular superoxide in neutrophil activation: interactions between xanthine oxidase and TLR4 induce proinflammatory cytokine production. Superoxides 22-32 toll like receptor 4 Homo sapiens 101-105 18287332-4 2008 Extracellular superoxide generation induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and increased neutrophil production of the NF-kappaB-dependent cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and macrophage inhibitory protein-2 (MIP-2). Superoxides 14-24 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 220-251 18287332-4 2008 Extracellular superoxide generation induced nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and increased neutrophil production of the NF-kappaB-dependent cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and macrophage inhibitory protein-2 (MIP-2). Superoxides 14-24 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 253-258 18206660-9 2008 The results showed that (1) HO-1 is induced in chronic cholestatic liver disease, (2) superoxide anions time- and dose-dependently induce HO-1 activity, (3) HO-1 overexpression inhibits superoxide-anions-induced apoptosis, and (4) CO blocks superoxide-anions-induced JNK phosphorylation and caspase-9, -6, -3 activation and abolishes apoptosis but does not increase necrosis. Superoxides 86-103 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 138-142 18206660-9 2008 The results showed that (1) HO-1 is induced in chronic cholestatic liver disease, (2) superoxide anions time- and dose-dependently induce HO-1 activity, (3) HO-1 overexpression inhibits superoxide-anions-induced apoptosis, and (4) CO blocks superoxide-anions-induced JNK phosphorylation and caspase-9, -6, -3 activation and abolishes apoptosis but does not increase necrosis. Superoxides 86-103 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 138-142 18206660-9 2008 The results showed that (1) HO-1 is induced in chronic cholestatic liver disease, (2) superoxide anions time- and dose-dependently induce HO-1 activity, (3) HO-1 overexpression inhibits superoxide-anions-induced apoptosis, and (4) CO blocks superoxide-anions-induced JNK phosphorylation and caspase-9, -6, -3 activation and abolishes apoptosis but does not increase necrosis. Superoxides 86-103 caspase 9 Homo sapiens 291-300 18206660-9 2008 The results showed that (1) HO-1 is induced in chronic cholestatic liver disease, (2) superoxide anions time- and dose-dependently induce HO-1 activity, (3) HO-1 overexpression inhibits superoxide-anions-induced apoptosis, and (4) CO blocks superoxide-anions-induced JNK phosphorylation and caspase-9, -6, -3 activation and abolishes apoptosis but does not increase necrosis. Superoxides 86-96 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 18206660-9 2008 The results showed that (1) HO-1 is induced in chronic cholestatic liver disease, (2) superoxide anions time- and dose-dependently induce HO-1 activity, (3) HO-1 overexpression inhibits superoxide-anions-induced apoptosis, and (4) CO blocks superoxide-anions-induced JNK phosphorylation and caspase-9, -6, -3 activation and abolishes apoptosis but does not increase necrosis. Superoxides 86-96 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 138-142 18206660-9 2008 The results showed that (1) HO-1 is induced in chronic cholestatic liver disease, (2) superoxide anions time- and dose-dependently induce HO-1 activity, (3) HO-1 overexpression inhibits superoxide-anions-induced apoptosis, and (4) CO blocks superoxide-anions-induced JNK phosphorylation and caspase-9, -6, -3 activation and abolishes apoptosis but does not increase necrosis. Superoxides 86-96 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 138-142 18206660-9 2008 The results showed that (1) HO-1 is induced in chronic cholestatic liver disease, (2) superoxide anions time- and dose-dependently induce HO-1 activity, (3) HO-1 overexpression inhibits superoxide-anions-induced apoptosis, and (4) CO blocks superoxide-anions-induced JNK phosphorylation and caspase-9, -6, -3 activation and abolishes apoptosis but does not increase necrosis. Superoxides 86-96 caspase 9 Homo sapiens 291-300 18206660-9 2008 The results showed that (1) HO-1 is induced in chronic cholestatic liver disease, (2) superoxide anions time- and dose-dependently induce HO-1 activity, (3) HO-1 overexpression inhibits superoxide-anions-induced apoptosis, and (4) CO blocks superoxide-anions-induced JNK phosphorylation and caspase-9, -6, -3 activation and abolishes apoptosis but does not increase necrosis. Superoxides 186-196 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 18206660-9 2008 The results showed that (1) HO-1 is induced in chronic cholestatic liver disease, (2) superoxide anions time- and dose-dependently induce HO-1 activity, (3) HO-1 overexpression inhibits superoxide-anions-induced apoptosis, and (4) CO blocks superoxide-anions-induced JNK phosphorylation and caspase-9, -6, -3 activation and abolishes apoptosis but does not increase necrosis. Superoxides 186-196 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 138-142 18206660-9 2008 The results showed that (1) HO-1 is induced in chronic cholestatic liver disease, (2) superoxide anions time- and dose-dependently induce HO-1 activity, (3) HO-1 overexpression inhibits superoxide-anions-induced apoptosis, and (4) CO blocks superoxide-anions-induced JNK phosphorylation and caspase-9, -6, -3 activation and abolishes apoptosis but does not increase necrosis. Superoxides 186-196 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 138-142 18206660-10 2008 We conclude that HO-1 and CO protect primary hepatocytes against superoxide-anions-induced apoptosis partially via inhibition of JNK activity. Superoxides 65-75 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 17-21 18548979-12 2008 The percent of PMNLs expressing EPO-R was higher before EPO treatment and correlated positively with the rate of superoxide release. Superoxides 113-123 erythropoietin receptor Homo sapiens 32-37 18282229-3 2008 Exogenous administration of C-C chemokines, particularly monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, led to the induction of superoxide anion generation via the restoration of impaired protein kinase C (PKC) signalling in Man-LAM-treated macrophages. Superoxides 123-139 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 57-97 18211809-3 2008 Genetic ablation of Bax/Bak inhibited actinomycin D induced superoxide production and cardiolipin peroxidation. Superoxides 60-70 BCL2-antagonist/killer 1 Mus musculus 24-27 18160398-6 2008 We further present evidence that the effect of PAK1 on the respiratory burst is mediated through phosphorylation of p47(Phox), and we show that expression of a p47(Phox) (S303D/S304D/S320D) mutant, which mimics phosphorylation by PAK1, induced basal superoxide generation in vivo. Superoxides 250-260 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 160-163 18165226-7 2008 We hypothesize that EC-SOD may inhibit pulmonary inflammation in part by preventing superoxide-mediated fragmentation of hyaluronan to low molecular mass fragments. Superoxides 84-94 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 20-26 18178725-9 2008 Since arteries with increased HO-1 had decreased levels of superoxide detected by the chemiluminescence of 5 microM lucigenin, superoxide did not appear to be mediating the attenuation of relaxation to NO. Superoxides 59-69 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 30-34 17928360-4 2008 Using an anti-EMR2 antibody, ligation of EMR2 increases neutrophil adhesion and migration, and augments superoxide production and proteolytic enzyme degranulation. Superoxides 104-114 adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E2 Homo sapiens 14-18 17928360-4 2008 Using an anti-EMR2 antibody, ligation of EMR2 increases neutrophil adhesion and migration, and augments superoxide production and proteolytic enzyme degranulation. Superoxides 104-114 adhesion G protein-coupled receptor E2 Homo sapiens 41-45 18292807-2 2008 Heterodimers of p22(phox) and gp91(phox) proteins constitute the superoxide-producing cytochrome core of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 65-75 paired Ig-like receptor B Mus musculus 30-34 18199822-2 2008 In particular, superoxide is necessary for induction of LTP, and application of superoxide to hippocampal slices is sufficient to induce LTP in area CA1. Superoxides 80-90 carbonic anhydrase 1 Mus musculus 149-152 18199822-7 2008 We identified a functional coupling between L-type voltage-gated calcium channels and RyRs and identified RyR3, a subtype enriched in area CA1, as the specific isoform required for superoxide-induced potentiation. Superoxides 181-191 carbonic anhydrase 1 Mus musculus 139-142 18199822-8 2008 Superoxide also enhanced the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in area CA1, and ERK was necessary for superoxide-induced potentiation. Superoxides 0-10 carbonic anhydrase 1 Mus musculus 100-103 18037907-8 2008 PKG protein and mRNA were down-regulated by a 24 h incubation with NTG at 10(-5) M but not at 10(-7) M. Acute exposure to exogenous superoxide inhibited PKG activity stimulated by NTG at 10(-7) M but not at 10(-5) M. Superoxide had no effect on PKG activity stimulated with exogenous cGMP. Superoxides 132-142 protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 18037907-8 2008 PKG protein and mRNA were down-regulated by a 24 h incubation with NTG at 10(-5) M but not at 10(-7) M. Acute exposure to exogenous superoxide inhibited PKG activity stimulated by NTG at 10(-7) M but not at 10(-5) M. Superoxide had no effect on PKG activity stimulated with exogenous cGMP. Superoxides 132-142 protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1 Homo sapiens 153-156 18037907-8 2008 PKG protein and mRNA were down-regulated by a 24 h incubation with NTG at 10(-5) M but not at 10(-7) M. Acute exposure to exogenous superoxide inhibited PKG activity stimulated by NTG at 10(-7) M but not at 10(-5) M. Superoxide had no effect on PKG activity stimulated with exogenous cGMP. Superoxides 132-142 protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1 Homo sapiens 153-156 18037907-8 2008 PKG protein and mRNA were down-regulated by a 24 h incubation with NTG at 10(-5) M but not at 10(-7) M. Acute exposure to exogenous superoxide inhibited PKG activity stimulated by NTG at 10(-7) M but not at 10(-5) M. Superoxide had no effect on PKG activity stimulated with exogenous cGMP. Superoxides 217-227 protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 18037907-8 2008 PKG protein and mRNA were down-regulated by a 24 h incubation with NTG at 10(-5) M but not at 10(-7) M. Acute exposure to exogenous superoxide inhibited PKG activity stimulated by NTG at 10(-7) M but not at 10(-5) M. Superoxide had no effect on PKG activity stimulated with exogenous cGMP. Superoxides 217-227 protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1 Homo sapiens 153-156 18037907-8 2008 PKG protein and mRNA were down-regulated by a 24 h incubation with NTG at 10(-5) M but not at 10(-7) M. Acute exposure to exogenous superoxide inhibited PKG activity stimulated by NTG at 10(-7) M but not at 10(-5) M. Superoxide had no effect on PKG activity stimulated with exogenous cGMP. Superoxides 217-227 protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1 Homo sapiens 153-156 17975114-2 2008 In search of upstream mediators of toxicity, we hypothesized that troglitazone-induced increased mitochondrial generation of superoxide might activate the thioredoxin-2 (Trx2)/apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (Ask1) signaling pathway, leading to cell death, and that, hence, the mitochondrially targeted radical scavenger, mito-carboxy proxyl (CP), would prevent the increase in superoxide net levels and inhibit mitochondrial signaling and cell injury. Superoxides 125-135 thioredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 155-168 17975114-2 2008 In search of upstream mediators of toxicity, we hypothesized that troglitazone-induced increased mitochondrial generation of superoxide might activate the thioredoxin-2 (Trx2)/apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (Ask1) signaling pathway, leading to cell death, and that, hence, the mitochondrially targeted radical scavenger, mito-carboxy proxyl (CP), would prevent the increase in superoxide net levels and inhibit mitochondrial signaling and cell injury. Superoxides 125-135 thioredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 170-174 17975114-2 2008 In search of upstream mediators of toxicity, we hypothesized that troglitazone-induced increased mitochondrial generation of superoxide might activate the thioredoxin-2 (Trx2)/apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (Ask1) signaling pathway, leading to cell death, and that, hence, the mitochondrially targeted radical scavenger, mito-carboxy proxyl (CP), would prevent the increase in superoxide net levels and inhibit mitochondrial signaling and cell injury. Superoxides 125-135 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 Homo sapiens 214-218 17975114-2 2008 In search of upstream mediators of toxicity, we hypothesized that troglitazone-induced increased mitochondrial generation of superoxide might activate the thioredoxin-2 (Trx2)/apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (Ask1) signaling pathway, leading to cell death, and that, hence, the mitochondrially targeted radical scavenger, mito-carboxy proxyl (CP), would prevent the increase in superoxide net levels and inhibit mitochondrial signaling and cell injury. Superoxides 383-393 thioredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 155-168 17975114-2 2008 In search of upstream mediators of toxicity, we hypothesized that troglitazone-induced increased mitochondrial generation of superoxide might activate the thioredoxin-2 (Trx2)/apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (Ask1) signaling pathway, leading to cell death, and that, hence, the mitochondrially targeted radical scavenger, mito-carboxy proxyl (CP), would prevent the increase in superoxide net levels and inhibit mitochondrial signaling and cell injury. Superoxides 383-393 thioredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 170-174 17975114-2 2008 In search of upstream mediators of toxicity, we hypothesized that troglitazone-induced increased mitochondrial generation of superoxide might activate the thioredoxin-2 (Trx2)/apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (Ask1) signaling pathway, leading to cell death, and that, hence, the mitochondrially targeted radical scavenger, mito-carboxy proxyl (CP), would prevent the increase in superoxide net levels and inhibit mitochondrial signaling and cell injury. Superoxides 383-393 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 Homo sapiens 214-218 18023288-3 2008 These new homologues (Nox1-Nox5) produce low levels of superoxides compared to the phagocytic homologue Nox2/gp91phox. Superoxides 55-66 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 27-31 18328147-4 2008 When challenged with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), RA neutrophils exhibited reduced responses to these cytokines, which included O2- release, adherence, priming for enhanced O2- release, and phosphorylation of ERK and p38. Superoxides 271-273 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 21-58 18328147-4 2008 When challenged with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), RA neutrophils exhibited reduced responses to these cytokines, which included O2- release, adherence, priming for enhanced O2- release, and phosphorylation of ERK and p38. Superoxides 271-273 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 68-94 19082940-5 2008 Immunospin-trapping with anti-DMPO antibody and subsequent mass spectrometry are used to define the specific site of oxidative damage, indicating cysteine-206 and tyrosine-177 of complex I/51 kDa FMN-binding subunit and cysteine-655 of complex II/70 kDa FAD-binding subunit are involved in specific protein radical formation caused by O(2) (-) attack. Superoxides 335-339 formin 1 Homo sapiens 196-199 18226570-9 2008 In view of these data, we speculate that a perturbation of NO signaling, together with enhanced O2(-) production originating from NO synthases, may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of the adverse pulmonary phenotype seen in cav-1 ko. Superoxides 96-101 caveolin 1, caveolae protein Mus musculus 231-236 17666049-3 2007 LPS/IFN-gamma also promotes an early release of superoxide, via activation of NADPH oxidase, but the generation of peroxynitrite (ONOO-) is prevented by the different timing of superoxide (minutes) and NO (hours) formation. Superoxides 48-58 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 4-13 17666049-3 2007 LPS/IFN-gamma also promotes an early release of superoxide, via activation of NADPH oxidase, but the generation of peroxynitrite (ONOO-) is prevented by the different timing of superoxide (minutes) and NO (hours) formation. Superoxides 177-187 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 4-13 17711848-6 2007 This DNA-mediated suppression of AIF-M2 activity is expected to lower cellular levels of superoxide and peroxide, thereby lessening survival signaling by Ras, NF-kappaB, or AP-1, as suggested from knock-out studies of the related AIF in human colon cancer cell lines. Superoxides 89-99 apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 2 Homo sapiens 33-39 17880238-0 2007 Design of new derivatives of nitrone DEPMPO functionalized at C-4 for further specific applications in superoxide radical detection. Superoxides 103-121 complement C4A (Rodgers blood group) Homo sapiens 62-65 17880238-6 2007 For each isomer, only one diastereoisomer adduct was obtained, resulting from the addition of superoxide on the less hindered face of the nitrone, that is, trans to the phosphoryl group and the C-4 substituent. Superoxides 94-104 complement C4A (Rodgers blood group) Homo sapiens 194-197 17880563-7 2007 The superoxide-producing activity in those cells expressing p22phox with the T allele was not significantly different from that in cells expressing p22phox with the C allele. Superoxides 4-14 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 60-67 17822438-8 2007 These results indicate that superoxide production in vascular smooth muscle cells is regulated by the ATF-1-MEF2B cascade by induction of the expression of the NOX1 gene. Superoxides 28-38 activating transcription factor 1 Rattus norvegicus 102-107 17679649-1 2007 Our previous studies suggest that heme oxygenase (HO)-1 induction and/or subsequent bilirubin generation in endothelial cells may suppress superoxide generation of from reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase. Superoxides 139-149 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 34-55 17397983-3 2007 Its activation depends on the interaction with cytosolic regulatory proteins (p67-phox, p47-phox, p40-phox and Rac) leading to an electron transfer from NADPH to molecular oxygen and to the release of superoxide anions. Superoxides 201-218 neutrophil cytosolic factor 4 Homo sapiens 98-114 17583407-1 2007 The superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase gp91(phox)/Nox2 and the non-phagocytic oxidases Nox1 and Nox3 each form a complex in the membrane with p22(phox), which provides both stabilization and a docking site for organizer proteins. Superoxides 4-14 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 54-58 17583407-1 2007 The superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase gp91(phox)/Nox2 and the non-phagocytic oxidases Nox1 and Nox3 each form a complex in the membrane with p22(phox), which provides both stabilization and a docking site for organizer proteins. Superoxides 4-14 NADPH oxidase 3 Homo sapiens 106-110 17583407-1 2007 The superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase gp91(phox)/Nox2 and the non-phagocytic oxidases Nox1 and Nox3 each form a complex in the membrane with p22(phox), which provides both stabilization and a docking site for organizer proteins. Superoxides 4-14 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 152-155 17583407-1 2007 The superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase gp91(phox)/Nox2 and the non-phagocytic oxidases Nox1 and Nox3 each form a complex in the membrane with p22(phox), which provides both stabilization and a docking site for organizer proteins. Superoxides 4-14 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 156-160 17583407-4 2007 Although Nox3 complexed with p22(phox) constitutively produce superoxide, the production can be enhanced by supportive proteins. Superoxides 62-72 NADPH oxidase 3 Homo sapiens 9-13 17631528-7 2007 Overexpression of BAP1 or BAP2 with their partner BON1 inhibits PCD induced by pathogens, the proapoptotic gene BAX, and superoxide-generating paraquat in Arabidopsis or Nicotiana benthamiana. Superoxides 121-131 Calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding Copine family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 50-54 17601801-3 2007 The extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) is one of the major antioxidant enzymes against O2- in blood vessels; however, its role in neovascularization induced by tissue ischemia is unknown. Superoxides 95-97 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 4-38 17601801-3 2007 The extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) is one of the major antioxidant enzymes against O2- in blood vessels; however, its role in neovascularization induced by tissue ischemia is unknown. Superoxides 95-97 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 40-45 17601801-6 2007 Impaired neovascularization in ecSOD(-/-) mice is associated with enhanced O2- production, TUNEL-positive apoptotic cells and decreased levels of NO2-/NO3- and cGMP in ischemic tissues as compared with wild-type mice, and it is rescued by infusion of the SOD mimetic tempol. Superoxides 75-77 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 31-36 17601801-11 2007 Thus, ecSOD in BM and ischemic tissues induced by hindlimb ischemia may represent an important compensatory mechanism that blunts the overproduction of O2-, which may contribute to reparative neovascularization in response to ischemic injury. Superoxides 152-154 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 6-11 17627182-2 2007 NAD(P)H oxidases are the main source of superoxides in the vasculature, and the phagocyte oxidase (p22phox) encoded by the CYBA gene is a critical component of NAD(P)H oxidases. Superoxides 40-51 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 99-106 17627182-2 2007 NAD(P)H oxidases are the main source of superoxides in the vasculature, and the phagocyte oxidase (p22phox) encoded by the CYBA gene is a critical component of NAD(P)H oxidases. Superoxides 40-51 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 123-127 17627182-3 2007 The 242T CYBA allele is associated with an increased low-density lipoprotein oxidation and superoxide production. Superoxides 91-101 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 9-13 17586717-2 2007 Here, we show that Hsf1 activates the transcription of various target genes when cells are treated with oxidizing reagents, including the superoxide anion generators menadione and KO(2) and the thiol oxidants diamide and 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB). Superoxides 138-154 stress-responsive transcription factor HSF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 19-23 17586717-6 2007 These results demonstrate that Hsf1 is a member of the oxidative stress-responsive activators and that PKA is a general negative regulator in the superoxide anion response. Superoxides 146-162 stress-responsive transcription factor HSF1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 31-35 17553943-2 2007 This study tests the hypothesis that hyperoxic superfusate (95% O(2)) causes a time-dependent increase in superoxide anion (*O(2)(-)) production in CA1 neurons in slices, which will decrease as oxygen concentration is decreased. Superoxides 106-122 carbonic anhydrase 1 Rattus norvegicus 148-151 17635749-6 2007 Superoxide production rapidly increased after 2 h and remained at a high level for 24 h. Scavenging O(2) (-) reversed transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) and fibronectin mRNA level. Superoxides 0-10 fibronectin 1 Rattus norvegicus 168-179 17635749-6 2007 Superoxide production rapidly increased after 2 h and remained at a high level for 24 h. Scavenging O(2) (-) reversed transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1) and fibronectin mRNA level. Superoxides 100-104 fibronectin 1 Rattus norvegicus 168-179 17548354-1 2007 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase is converted to an active state by the assembly of a membrane-localized cytochrome b(559) with three cytosolic components: p47(phox), p67(phox), and GTPase Rac1 or Rac2. Superoxides 4-14 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 163-166 17548354-1 2007 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase is converted to an active state by the assembly of a membrane-localized cytochrome b(559) with three cytosolic components: p47(phox), p67(phox), and GTPase Rac1 or Rac2. Superoxides 4-14 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 167-171 17548354-1 2007 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase is converted to an active state by the assembly of a membrane-localized cytochrome b(559) with three cytosolic components: p47(phox), p67(phox), and GTPase Rac1 or Rac2. Superoxides 4-14 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 178-182 17592079-10 2007 Small-interfering RNA silencing of NAD(P)H oxidase subunit p47(phox) reduced superoxide production and restored NO bioavailability and in vivo reendothelialization capacity of EPCs from diabetic patients. Superoxides 77-87 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 59-62 17332440-6 2007 Peptidoglycan (PGN) (TLR2 ligand), flagellin (TLR5 ligand), and Imiquimod R837 (TLR7 ligand) could significantly upregulate cell surface expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and CD18, and induce the release of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, growth-related oncogene (GRO)-alpha, and superoxides of eosinophils. Superoxides 291-302 toll like receptor 5 Homo sapiens 46-50 17416602-8 2007 TAC increased cardiac superoxide generation in NOS3(-/-TG) but not NOS3(-/-) mice. Superoxides 22-32 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 47-51 17463333-1 2007 OBJECTIVE: When the availability of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is deficient, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) produces superoxide rather than NO (uncoupled eNOS). Superoxides 126-136 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 76-109 17463333-1 2007 OBJECTIVE: When the availability of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) is deficient, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) produces superoxide rather than NO (uncoupled eNOS). Superoxides 126-136 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 111-115 17463333-2 2007 We have shown that the atherosclerotic lesion size was augmented in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-KO) mice overexpressing eNOS because of the enhanced superoxide production. Superoxides 154-164 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 125-129 17538186-4 2007 In contrast, tempol treatment in WT mice abolished whereas deletion of gp91 significantly attenuated the effect of low K intake on superoxide production, c-Jun phosphorylation, c-Src expression, and tyrosine phosphorylation of ROMK. Superoxides 131-141 paired Ig-like receptor B Mus musculus 71-75 17563559-2 2007 The C242T polymorphism of the CYBA gene that encodes p22phox, a component of NADPH oxidase, has been found to modulate superoxide production. Superoxides 119-129 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 30-34 17563559-2 2007 The C242T polymorphism of the CYBA gene that encodes p22phox, a component of NADPH oxidase, has been found to modulate superoxide production. Superoxides 119-129 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 53-60 17337508-2 2007 The conformational state of bound Hsp90 determines whether eNOS produces nitric oxide (NO) or superoxide (O(2)(*-)). Superoxides 94-104 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 34-39 17337508-2 2007 The conformational state of bound Hsp90 determines whether eNOS produces nitric oxide (NO) or superoxide (O(2)(*-)). Superoxides 106-110 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 34-39 17360969-0 2007 Superoxide flux in endothelial cells via the chloride channel-3 mediates intracellular signaling. Superoxides 0-10 chloride voltage-gated channel 3 Homo sapiens 45-63 17360969-8 2007 This study demonstrates that O(2)(.-) flux across the endothelial cell plasma membrane occurs through ClC-3 channels and induces intracellular Ca(2+) release, which activates mitochondrial O(2)(.-) generation. Superoxides 29-33 chloride voltage-gated channel 3 Homo sapiens 102-107 17360969-8 2007 This study demonstrates that O(2)(.-) flux across the endothelial cell plasma membrane occurs through ClC-3 channels and induces intracellular Ca(2+) release, which activates mitochondrial O(2)(.-) generation. Superoxides 189-193 chloride voltage-gated channel 3 Homo sapiens 102-107 17466497-5 2007 UCP-1 expression in aortic smooth muscle cells causes hypertension, enhanced superoxide anion production and decreased the availability of NO, suggesting that inefficient metabolism in blood vessels causes atherosclerosis without affecting cholesterol levels. Superoxides 77-93 uncoupling protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 17524831-9 2007 CONCLUSIONS: I/R-induced liver injury was associated with cardiovascular injury, perhaps resulting from inflammatory responses triggered by elevated levels of reactive radical species of nitric oxide, superoxide, and peroxynitrite, by which PARP was activated. Superoxides 201-211 poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Rattus norvegicus 241-245 17135294-9 2007 pGSN also markedly inhibited PAF-induced superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) production of human peripheral neutrophils (PMN) in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.0001). Superoxides 41-57 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 29-32 17135294-9 2007 pGSN also markedly inhibited PAF-induced superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) production of human peripheral neutrophils (PMN) in a concentration-dependent manner (P < 0.0001). Superoxides 59-64 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 29-32 17135294-10 2007 A phospholipid-binding peptide derived from pGSN (QRLFQVKGRR) also inhibited PAF-mediated O(2)(-) generation (P = 0.024). Superoxides 90-94 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 77-80 17339545-8 2007 Administration of the globular domain of adiponectin 10 minutes before reperfusion reduced myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-induced iNOS/gp91(phox) protein expression, decreased NO/superoxide production, blocked peroxynitrite formation, and reversed proapoptotic and infarct-enlargement effects observed in adiponectin-/- mice. Superoxides 180-190 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Mus musculus 41-52 17346712-1 2007 Superoxide generation by NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5) is regulated by Ca(2+) through intramolecular activation of the C-terminal catalytic domain by the EF-hand-containing N-terminal regulatory domain. Superoxides 0-10 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 25-40 17346712-1 2007 Superoxide generation by NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5) is regulated by Ca(2+) through intramolecular activation of the C-terminal catalytic domain by the EF-hand-containing N-terminal regulatory domain. Superoxides 0-10 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 42-46 17346712-4 2007 This mechanism represents an additional sophistication in the regulation of superoxide production by NOX5. Superoxides 76-86 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 101-105 17320767-5 2007 Glucose-mediated decreases in PKG-I levels were inhibited by a superoxide scavenger (tempol) or NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitors (diphenylene iodonium or apocynin). Superoxides 63-73 protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1 Rattus norvegicus 30-35 17320767-11 2007 Taken together, the present results suggest that glucose-mediated down-regulation of PKG-I expression in VSMC occurs through PKC-dependent activation of NAD(P)H oxidase-derived superoxide production, contributing to diabetes-associated vessel dysfunctions. Superoxides 177-187 protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1 Rattus norvegicus 85-90 17220257-8 2007 The results of growth in B. mori hemolymph broth and microscopic analysis suggested that a longer lag phase and superoxide sensitivity correlated with decreased virulence in sod mutants. Superoxides 112-122 superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Bombyx mori 174-177 17275921-3 2007 Superoxide burst in PMN isolated from rats d7 after CCI was elevated by 170% +/-18 compared to naive and MCP-1 mRNA expression in DRG increased by 8.9+/-2.9 fold, but that of MIP-2, CINC-1, and RANTES did not change. Superoxides 0-10 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 Rattus norvegicus 182-188 17275678-6 2007 An increase in superoxide production was observed also on the addition of the NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase. Superoxides 15-25 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Mus musculus 78-109 17275678-8 2007 Taken together, gp91phox-containing NAD(P)H oxidase and NADPH cytochrome P450 reductase can enhance superoxide production caused by the chemical interaction of doxorubicin and NADPH. Superoxides 100-110 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Mus musculus 56-87 17339755-8 2007 TNF-alpha, but not leptin, enhanced OZP- and ZAS-induced superoxide production, possibly, in part due to facilitating translocation of p47(phox), a component of NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 57-67 inhibitor of growth family member 1 Homo sapiens 135-138 17339755-9 2007 These results indicate that, unlike in human PMN, leptin does not have any direct effect on degranulation and superoxide production in bovine PMN, although TNF-alpha influences superoxide production. Superoxides 177-187 tumor necrosis factor Bos taurus 156-165 17211829-6 2007 Several proteins involved in defense against toxic superoxide (O2-) and other reactive oxygen species, such as manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (SOD2), glutathione peroxidase, and peroxiredoxins 1 and 6 were highly upregulated after TLR7/8 activation. Superoxides 51-61 peroxiredoxin 1 Homo sapiens 189-211 17211829-6 2007 Several proteins involved in defense against toxic superoxide (O2-) and other reactive oxygen species, such as manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (SOD2), glutathione peroxidase, and peroxiredoxins 1 and 6 were highly upregulated after TLR7/8 activation. Superoxides 63-65 peroxiredoxin 1 Homo sapiens 189-211 17200442-9 2007 Superoxide generation was elevated in vessels from Lepr(db) mice versus controls. Superoxides 0-10 leptin receptor Mus musculus 51-55 17200442-10 2007 Administration of the superoxide scavenger TEMPOL, NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor (apocynin), or anti-TNF restored endothelium-dependent dilation in Lepr(db) mice. Superoxides 22-32 leptin receptor Mus musculus 144-148 16963617-7 2007 Furthermore, RNA interference of NAD(P)H oxidase subunits Nox1 or p47 markedly blocked OXO-induced increases in both extra- and intracellular O(2)(*-) levels, whereas small inhibitory RNA of Nox4 only attenuated intracellular O(2)(*-) accumulation. Superoxides 142-146 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 66-69 17103092-3 2007 IDO activity consumes superoxide anions; therefore, we postulated that over-expression of IDO might mitigate superoxide-anion dependent, oxidative modification of cellular proteins in vitro. Superoxides 22-39 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 17103092-3 2007 IDO activity consumes superoxide anions; therefore, we postulated that over-expression of IDO might mitigate superoxide-anion dependent, oxidative modification of cellular proteins in vitro. Superoxides 22-39 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 90-93 17103092-3 2007 IDO activity consumes superoxide anions; therefore, we postulated that over-expression of IDO might mitigate superoxide-anion dependent, oxidative modification of cellular proteins in vitro. Superoxides 22-32 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 17103092-3 2007 IDO activity consumes superoxide anions; therefore, we postulated that over-expression of IDO might mitigate superoxide-anion dependent, oxidative modification of cellular proteins in vitro. Superoxides 22-32 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 90-93 17103092-6 2007 To generate superoxide anions in situ, we treated the IDO-and control-transfected cultures with xanthine or hypoxanthine, and then used ELISA methods to quantitate the relative levels of oxidatively modified proteins in total cell lysates. Superoxides 12-29 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 54-57 17103092-8 2007 In addition, steady-state levels of superoxide anions were significantly lower in the IDO-transfected cultures compared with control transfectants. Superoxides 36-53 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 86-89 17012144-3 2007 In the absence of sufficient levels of the cofactor BH4, NO becomes uncoupled from arginine oxidation and eNOS produces superoxide rather than NO. Superoxides 120-130 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 106-110 17012144-7 2007 Despite the previously characterized differences in eNOS-dependent superoxide production between these animals, we find that blood pressure is equally reduced in both genotypes, compared with wild-type animals. Superoxides 67-77 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 52-56 16982071-9 2007 Our findings suggest that T1D impairs NOS-dependent reactivity of cerebral arterioles by a mechanism that appears to be related to the formation of superoxide via activation of PARP. Superoxides 148-158 poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Rattus norvegicus 177-181 17114277-7 2007 Temporal expression patterns demonstrated that the superoxide production (NADPH oxidase activity) was coordinated with nectar secretion, the expression of Nectarin I (a superoxide dismutase in nectar), and the expression of NOX1, a putative gene for a nectary NADPH oxidase that was cloned from nectaries and identified as an rbohD-like NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 51-61 nectarin-1-like Nicotiana tabacum 155-165 17507875-9 2007 CONCLUSION: These data suggest that the reduced conversion of NAD(P)H oxidase-generated O(2)- into H(2)- O(2)- and/or OH, which in turn synergistically enhanced pollen antigen-induced airway inflammation, is due to the iron-binding capacity of LF. Superoxides 88-92 lactotransferrin Mus musculus 244-246 16973705-13 2006 Manganese (III) tetrakis(1-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin pentachloride, a potent scavenger of superoxide, not only prevented CIH-induced increases in ROS but also CIH-evoked HIF-1alpha up-regulation in WT mice. Superoxides 92-102 hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit Mus musculus 172-182 17082643-5 2006 Bone marrow-derived Akita PMN showed partial translocation of p47phox to the cell membrane without external stimulation, suggesting premature assembly of the superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase in hyperglycemia. Superoxides 158-168 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 62-69 16935310-2 2006 Reactive oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide radical along with nitric oxide and peroxynitrite generated during ischemia-reperfusion injury, causes the overactivation of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) leading to neuronal cell death. Superoxides 61-79 poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Rattus norvegicus 197-225 16804693-1 2006 Superoxide dismutase (SODs) are metalloenzymes that catalyze the dismutation of the superoxide anion to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide and, thus, form a crucial part of the cellular antioxidant defense mechanism. Superoxides 84-100 superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Bombyx mori 0-20 16804693-1 2006 Superoxide dismutase (SODs) are metalloenzymes that catalyze the dismutation of the superoxide anion to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide and, thus, form a crucial part of the cellular antioxidant defense mechanism. Superoxides 84-100 superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Bombyx mori 22-26 17065353-4 2006 In parallel, high glucose, but not mannitol, significantly increased superoxide and 3-nitrotyrosine in PGI(2) synthase (PGIS). Superoxides 69-79 prostaglandin I2 (prostacyclin) synthase Mus musculus 120-124 16982957-4 2006 This was associated with a reduction of the superoxide-generating capacity of NADPH oxidase, an effect that depended on de novo gene transcription and heme oxygenase-1 activity. Superoxides 44-54 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 151-167 16982957-8 2006 In conclusion, NO may modulate superoxide production by NADPH oxidase in human vascular endothelial cells, at least partly by inducing heme oxygenase-1. Superoxides 31-41 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 135-151 17056570-2 2006 Clustering of FcgammaRs results in the activation of Vav proteins, Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factors, and results in robust superoxide generation through the NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 134-144 vav 1 oncogene Mus musculus 53-56 16970799-7 2006 Here, we showed that Fas or pro-caspase-8 expression was significantly knocked down in TEC by stable expression of shRNA, resulting in resistance to apoptosis induced by superoxide, IFN-gamma/TNF-alpha and anti-Fas antibody. Superoxides 170-180 caspase 8 Mus musculus 32-41 16619034-9 2006 These findings suggest the involvement of MEK/ERK signaling and further confirm the role of ROS/superoxides in POX-induced apoptosis. Superoxides 96-107 proline dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 111-114 16923427-4 2006 However, studies on the association of the C242T polymorphism in the p22phox gene with CAD have produced conflicting results, and the relation of this polymorphism with CAD is not well known in a population with acquired risk factors enhancing the NADPH-dependent superoxide production. Superoxides 264-274 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 69-76 16923427-9 2006 CONCLUSIONS: The T allele in the C242Tpolymorphism of the p22phox gene had a protective effect against the development of CAD despite the exposure of study subjects to risk factors related to excessive NADPH-dependent superoxide production. Superoxides 218-228 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 58-65 16962064-8 2006 We suggest that intracellular acidification results in the protonation of superoxide anion (O2-*) to form HO2, one of the most aggressive ROS, which in turn induces Ysp2-mediated PCD. Superoxides 74-90 Ysp2p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 165-169 16962064-8 2006 We suggest that intracellular acidification results in the protonation of superoxide anion (O2-*) to form HO2, one of the most aggressive ROS, which in turn induces Ysp2-mediated PCD. Superoxides 92-94 Ysp2p Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 165-169 16762923-1 2006 Activation of the non-phagocytic superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase Nox1, complexed with p22(phox) at the membrane, requires its regulatory soluble proteins Noxo1 and Noxa1. Superoxides 33-43 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 89-92 16762923-1 2006 Activation of the non-phagocytic superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase Nox1, complexed with p22(phox) at the membrane, requires its regulatory soluble proteins Noxo1 and Noxa1. Superoxides 33-43 NADPH oxidase organizer 1 Homo sapiens 157-162 16762923-4 2006 Electropermeabilized HeLa cells, ectopically expressing Nox1, Noxo1, and Noxa1, produce superoxide in a GTP-dependent manner, which is abrogated by expression of a mutant Noxa1(R103E), defective in Rac binding. Superoxides 88-98 NADPH oxidase organizer 1 Homo sapiens 62-67 16763163-4 2006 METHODS AND RESULTS: Vascular superoxide in BKbeta1-/- was measured using the fluorescent dye hydroethidine and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence. Superoxides 30-40 potassium large conductance calcium-activated channel, subfamily M, beta member 1 Mus musculus 44-51 16763163-9 2006 Potassium chloride- and iberiotoxin-induced depolarization mimicked the effect of BKbeta1-deletion by increasing vascular O2- in an NADPH-dependent fashion. Superoxides 122-124 potassium large conductance calcium-activated channel, subfamily M, beta member 1 Mus musculus 82-89 16763163-10 2006 CONCLUSIONS: The deletion of BKbeta1 causes endothelial dysfunction by increasing O2- formation via increasing activity and expression of the vascular NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 82-84 potassium large conductance calcium-activated channel, subfamily M, beta member 1 Mus musculus 29-36 16911517-1 2006 Activation of the superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase Nox1 requires both the organizer protein Noxo1 and the activator protein Noxa1. Superoxides 18-28 NADPH oxidase organizer 1 Homo sapiens 94-99 16911517-3 2006 The Noxo1gamma protein contains an additional five amino acids in the N-terminal PX domain, a phosphoinositide-binding module; the domain plays an essential role in supporting superoxide production by NADPH oxidase (Nox) family oxidases including Nox1, gp91(phox)/Nox2, and Nox3, as shown in this study. Superoxides 176-186 NADPH oxidase 3 Homo sapiens 274-278 16911517-7 2006 The effect of the five-amino-acid insertion in the Noxo1 PX domain appears to depend on the type of Nox; in activation of gp91(phox)/Nox2, Noxo1gamma is less active than Noxo1beta even in the presence of PMA, whereas Noxo1gamma and Noxo1beta support the superoxide-producing activity of Nox3 to the same extent in a manner independent of cell stimulation. Superoxides 254-264 NADPH oxidase organizer 1 Homo sapiens 51-56 16633352-2 2006 We previously demonstrated that human macrophages of different origin express the tyrosine kinase receptor recepteur d"origine nantaise, the human receptor for MSP (RON) and produce superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) when challenged with macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP), the endogenous ligand for RON. Superoxides 182-198 macrophage stimulating 1 Homo sapiens 160-163 16633352-2 2006 We previously demonstrated that human macrophages of different origin express the tyrosine kinase receptor recepteur d"origine nantaise, the human receptor for MSP (RON) and produce superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) when challenged with macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP), the endogenous ligand for RON. Superoxides 200-204 macrophage stimulating 1 Homo sapiens 160-163 16633352-2 2006 We previously demonstrated that human macrophages of different origin express the tyrosine kinase receptor recepteur d"origine nantaise, the human receptor for MSP (RON) and produce superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) when challenged with macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP), the endogenous ligand for RON. Superoxides 200-204 macrophage stimulating 1 Homo sapiens 230-260 16633352-2 2006 We previously demonstrated that human macrophages of different origin express the tyrosine kinase receptor recepteur d"origine nantaise, the human receptor for MSP (RON) and produce superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) when challenged with macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP), the endogenous ligand for RON. Superoxides 200-204 macrophage stimulating 1 Homo sapiens 262-265 16460309-0 2006 Activation of the superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase requires co-operation between the tandem SH3 domains of p47phox in recognition of a polyproline type II helix and an adjacent alpha-helix of p22phox. Superoxides 18-28 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 204-211 16460309-1 2006 Activation of the superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase, crucial for host defence, requires an SH3 (Src homology 3)-domain-mediated interaction of the regulatory protein p47phox with p22phox, a subunit of the oxidase catalytic core flavocytochrome b558. Superoxides 18-28 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 190-197 16460309-4 2006 Deletion of the linker between the p47phox SH3 domains results not only in a defective binding to p22phox but also in a loss of the activity to support superoxide production. Superoxides 152-162 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 98-105 16460309-7 2006 Amino acid substitution for any of the three residues in the p22phox PRR abrogates the superoxide-producing activity of the oxidase reconstituted in intact cells. Superoxides 87-97 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 61-68 16464536-7 2006 Cisplatin also increased the expression of cochlear NOX3 mRNA, a member of the superoxide generating NADPH oxidase family of proteins recently identified in the cochlea, inhibition of which decreased kidney injury molecule-1 expression. Superoxides 79-89 hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 Rattus norvegicus 200-224 16806053-4 2006 Here we examine critically the evidence that UCP1, UCP2 and UCP3 are stimulated by ROS (superoxide) or ROS products (4-hydroxy-2-nonenal), and that the UCPs actually diminish oxidative damage. Superoxides 88-98 uncoupling protein 1 Homo sapiens 45-49 16400657-8 2006 Moreover, coincubation of neutrophils with platelets that had been treated with hydrophobic membranes induced a higher level of superoxide anion relative to those treated with hydrophilic membranes in association with the P-selectin-mediated microaggregate formation. Superoxides 128-144 selectin P Homo sapiens 222-232 16572112-0 2006 Ras modulation of superoxide activates ERK-dependent fibronectin expression in diabetes-induced renal injuries. Superoxides 18-28 fibronectin 1 Rattus norvegicus 53-64 16572112-5 2006 Superoxide, not nitric oxide or hydrogen peroxide, mediated high glucose- and AGE-induced TGF-beta1 and fibronectin expression. Superoxides 0-10 fibronectin 1 Rattus norvegicus 104-115 16343554-6 2006 T2DR serum enhanced E-selectin expression in a ROS-dependent manner since this process was significantly attenuated not only by tiron (1 mM), a superoxide scavenger, but also by DPI (10 micromol/L) and apocynin (100 micromol/L), inhibitors of NAD(P)H oxidase. Superoxides 144-154 selectin E Homo sapiens 20-30 16568184-3 2006 X-Ray structural (9-), DFT and EPR spectroscopic studies are consistent with the unpaired electron of 9- and 10- localised primarily on the Rh(II) centre of the [RhPd]4+ core, which is susceptible to oxygen coordination at low temperature to give Rh(III)-bound superoxide. Superoxides 261-271 Rh blood group D antigen Homo sapiens 140-146 16579765-3 2006 PROCEDURES: Induced superoxide production by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides (NAD[P]H; ie, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide [NADH] and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NADPH]) was measured by use of a nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction assay on whole spermatozoa and a cytochrome c reduction assay on isolated membrane fractions of spermatozoa. Superoxides 20-30 cytochrome c, somatic Equus caballus 312-324 16496123-10 2006 Both the reduction in plasma nitrate and nitrite and the elevation in aortic superoxide associated with STZ diabetes were normalised with VEGF treatment. Superoxides 77-87 vascular endothelial growth factor A Rattus norvegicus 138-142 16510762-0 2006 Therapeutic approach for diabetic nephropathy using gene delivery of translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 44 by reducing mitochondrial superoxide production. Superoxides 142-152 translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 44 Homo sapiens 69-115 16524951-0 2006 Heme oxygenase-2 deficiency contributes to diabetes-mediated increase in superoxide anion and renal dysfunction. Superoxides 73-89 heme oxygenase 2 Mus musculus 0-16 16528409-4 2006 In 2 nondiabetic rodent models--insulin-resistant, obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats and high-fat diet-induced insulin-resistant mice--inactivation of prostacyclin synthase and eNOS was prevented by inhibition of FFA release from adipose tissue; by inhibition of the rate-limiting enzyme for fatty acid oxidation in mitochondria, carnitine palmitoyltransferase I; and by reduction of superoxide levels. Superoxides 376-386 prostaglandin I2 (prostacyclin) synthase Mus musculus 143-164 16528409-4 2006 In 2 nondiabetic rodent models--insulin-resistant, obese Zucker (fa/fa) rats and high-fat diet-induced insulin-resistant mice--inactivation of prostacyclin synthase and eNOS was prevented by inhibition of FFA release from adipose tissue; by inhibition of the rate-limiting enzyme for fatty acid oxidation in mitochondria, carnitine palmitoyltransferase I; and by reduction of superoxide levels. Superoxides 376-386 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 169-173 16452238-6 2006 Bz-423 inhibits F(1)F(o)-ATPase activity, blocking respiratory chain function and generating superoxide, which at growth-inhibiting concentrations triggers proteasomal degradation of c-myc. Superoxides 93-103 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 183-188 16390828-3 2006 Regression analysis showed that increases in aortic superoxide anion (O.-2) with aging were significantly correlated with changes in the expression and/or regulation of proteins involved in metabolic (AMPK-alpha), signaling (mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) along with c-Src), apoptotic (Bax, Bcl-2, Traf-2) and transcriptional (NF-kappaB) activities. Superoxides 52-68 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 297-300 16085125-8 2006 Additionally, cells over-expressing MYC had elevated levels of intracellular superoxide, which was significantly quenched by Vitamin C or the selective superoxide quencher, Tiron. Superoxides 77-87 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 36-39 16085125-8 2006 Additionally, cells over-expressing MYC had elevated levels of intracellular superoxide, which was significantly quenched by Vitamin C or the selective superoxide quencher, Tiron. Superoxides 152-162 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 36-39 16085125-10 2006 Our studies implicate a role for ROS, and superoxide in particular, in MYC-elicited oxidative DNA damage and cellular transformation, and point to a pharmacological role of antioxidants in cancer chemoprevention. Superoxides 42-52 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 71-74 16289341-9 2006 The superoxide detection assay (SoDA) described in this paper provides a semi-quantitative, easily measured, early indicator of altered ROS production that can be used in conjunction with simultaneous in ovo measurements of CYP1A activity and embryo development to explore functional relationships among biochemical, physiological and developmental responses to AHR ligands. Superoxides 4-14 cytochrome P450 1A1 Fundulus heteroclitus 224-229 16472678-5 2006 For example, an oxidase activator (p47phox or Noxo1) and an oxidase activator (p67phox or Noxa1) are absolutely required for superoxide production by gp91phox and Nox1, but not by Nox3. Superoxides 125-135 NADPH oxidase organizer 1 Homo sapiens 46-51 16472678-5 2006 For example, an oxidase activator (p47phox or Noxo1) and an oxidase activator (p67phox or Noxa1) are absolutely required for superoxide production by gp91phox and Nox1, but not by Nox3. Superoxides 125-135 NADPH oxidase 3 Homo sapiens 180-184 16391519-6 2005 Inhibition of RhoA-activated kinase (ROCK), an important downstream effector of RhoA, by Y27632 and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) by ML-7 abrogated superoxide production by SOZ. Superoxides 151-161 myosin light chain kinase Homo sapiens 100-125 16391519-6 2005 Inhibition of RhoA-activated kinase (ROCK), an important downstream effector of RhoA, by Y27632 and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) by ML-7 abrogated superoxide production by SOZ. Superoxides 151-161 myosin light chain kinase Homo sapiens 127-131 16391519-10 2005 Taken together, RhoA, ROCK, p38MAPK, ERK1/2, and p47(PHOX) may be subsequently activated, leading to activation of NADPH oxidase to produce superoxide. Superoxides 140-150 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 49-52 16159878-4 2005 Trx overexpression in MCF-7 cells increased the generation of superoxide anion (O2*-) in anthracycline-treated cell extracts. Superoxides 62-78 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 0-3 16159878-4 2005 Trx overexpression in MCF-7 cells increased the generation of superoxide anion (O2*-) in anthracycline-treated cell extracts. Superoxides 80-84 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 0-3 16159878-5 2005 Enhanced generation of O2- in response to daunomycin inTrx-overexpressing MCF-7 cells was inhibited by diphenyleneiodonium chloride, a general NADPH reductase inhibitor, demonstrating that Trx provides reducing equivalents to a bioreductive enzyme for redox cycling of daunomycin. Superoxides 23-25 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 55-58 16159878-7 2005 MCF-7 cells expressing mutant redox-inactive Trx showed decreased superoxide generation, apoptosis, and p53 protein and DNA binding. Superoxides 66-76 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 45-48 16322235-6 2005 Moreover, in TSC2-/- cells but not in TSC2+/+ cells, cellular growth and activation of p42/44 MAPK by PDGF requires the reactive oxygen species intermediate, superoxide anion (O2*-). Superoxides 158-174 TSC complex subunit 2 Rattus norvegicus 13-17 16322235-8 2005 Furthermore, the exogenous production of O2*- by the redox cycling compound menadione induced MEK-1-independent cellular growth and p42/44 MAPK phosphorylation in TSC2-/- cells but not in TSC2+/+ cells. Superoxides 41-43 TSC complex subunit 2 Rattus norvegicus 163-167 16373854-3 2005 After 3 weeks of CH (10% O2) exposure, we found that the isolated intra-pulmonary artery (PA) constrictor response to ET-1 was significantly increased in wild-type (wt) mice. Superoxides 25-27 endothelin 1 Mus musculus 118-122 16373854-4 2005 The administration of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) markedly reduced the CH-enhanced maximal PA constrictor response to ET-1, demonstrating the contribution of superoxide to CH-enhanced PA constrictor responses. Superoxides 28-38 endothelin 1 Mus musculus 123-127 16373854-7 2005 The addition of ET-1 further increased superoxide production. Superoxides 39-49 endothelin 1 Mus musculus 16-20 16373854-9 2005 When gp91phox knockout mice were exposed to CH, they had significantly reduced levels of superoxide compared to CH-treated wt mice. Superoxides 89-99 paired Ig-like receptor B Mus musculus 5-9 16373854-10 2005 Our results demonstrate that the CH-enhanced PA constrictor response to ET-1 is mediated by NADPH oxidase (gp91phox)-derived superoxide overproduction that may contribute to the pathogenesis of CH-induced PH. Superoxides 125-135 endothelin 1 Mus musculus 72-76 16236537-1 2005 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is responsible for the removal of superoxide anion from living organisms. Superoxides 61-77 superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Bombyx mori 0-20 16236537-1 2005 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is responsible for the removal of superoxide anion from living organisms. Superoxides 61-77 superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Bombyx mori 22-25 16236537-6 2005 The recombinant MnSOD facilitating the reduction reaction of superoxide anion retained 75% of its original activity after incubation at pH 4-11 for 24 h at 4 degrees C. Its activity was never affected by incubation at pH 7 for 30 min below 50 degrees C. Superoxides 61-77 Superoxide dismutase 2 (Mn) Drosophila melanogaster 16-21 16306359-12 2005 We concluded that PARP activation contributes to superoxide anion radical and peroxynitrite formation in peripheral nerve, vasa nervorum, and aorta of STZ-induced diabetic rats and high- glucose-exposed HSC. Superoxides 49-73 poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Rattus norvegicus 18-22 16150735-10 2005 Addition of FMN increased O(2)(.) Superoxides 26-30 formin 1 Homo sapiens 12-15 16150735-15 2005 However, FMN addition could not reverse the inhibition of NDH by either DPI or heat denaturation, demonstrating involvement of both FMN and its FMN-binding protein moiety in the catalysis of O(2)(.) Superoxides 191-195 formin 1 Homo sapiens 9-12 16150735-15 2005 However, FMN addition could not reverse the inhibition of NDH by either DPI or heat denaturation, demonstrating involvement of both FMN and its FMN-binding protein moiety in the catalysis of O(2)(.) Superoxides 191-195 formin 1 Homo sapiens 132-135 16150735-15 2005 However, FMN addition could not reverse the inhibition of NDH by either DPI or heat denaturation, demonstrating involvement of both FMN and its FMN-binding protein moiety in the catalysis of O(2)(.) Superoxides 191-195 formin 1 Homo sapiens 132-135 16195479-9 2005 The modulation of superoxide release coincided with decreased expression of ecSOD and MnSOD and upregulation of the p22phox and p67phox subunits of the NADPH oxidase complex in progesterone-treated animals. Superoxides 18-28 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 76-81 16115878-1 2005 The superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase consists of a membrane-bound flavocytochrome b(558), the cytosol factors p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase Rac2, which translocate to the membrane to assemble the active complex following neutrophil activation. Superoxides 4-14 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 122-125 16179591-2 2005 Some data suggest that an important mechanism underlying endothelial dysfunction is endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) uncoupling, whereby eNOS generates O2*- rather than NO, possibly because of a mismatch between eNOS protein and its cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). Superoxides 150-154 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 109-113 16179591-2 2005 Some data suggest that an important mechanism underlying endothelial dysfunction is endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) uncoupling, whereby eNOS generates O2*- rather than NO, possibly because of a mismatch between eNOS protein and its cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). Superoxides 150-154 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 135-139 16179591-2 2005 Some data suggest that an important mechanism underlying endothelial dysfunction is endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) uncoupling, whereby eNOS generates O2*- rather than NO, possibly because of a mismatch between eNOS protein and its cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4). Superoxides 150-154 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 135-139 16210646-5 2005 The results showed that the deletion of betaarr2 resulted in increased Ca(2+) mobilization, superoxide anion production, and GTPase activity in neutrophils, but decreased receptor internalization relative to wild-type mice. Superoxides 92-108 arrestin, beta 2 Mus musculus 40-48 16140258-2 2005 Aconitase inactivation was calibrated using the known rate of matrix superoxide production from complex I. Glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase generated superoxide about equally to each side of the membrane, whereas centre o of complex III in the presence of antimycin A generated superoxide about 30% on the cytosolic side and 70% on the matrix side. Superoxides 150-160 Mitochondrial aconitase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 0-9 16140258-2 2005 Aconitase inactivation was calibrated using the known rate of matrix superoxide production from complex I. Glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase generated superoxide about equally to each side of the membrane, whereas centre o of complex III in the presence of antimycin A generated superoxide about 30% on the cytosolic side and 70% on the matrix side. Superoxides 150-160 Mitochondrial aconitase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 0-9 15833798-8 2005 Superoxide scavenging by Tempol treatment inhibited both the Bax-positive index as well as the apoptotic index of medial SMC in response to vascular injury. Superoxides 0-10 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 61-64 16043641-5 2005 Elevated levels of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide were detected by confocal microscopy in cerebral arterioles of Mtr(+/-) mice fed the control diet and in both Mtr(+/+) and Mtr(+/-) mice fed the LF diet. Superoxides 19-29 telomerase RNA component Mus musculus 115-118 16043641-5 2005 Elevated levels of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide were detected by confocal microscopy in cerebral arterioles of Mtr(+/-) mice fed the control diet and in both Mtr(+/+) and Mtr(+/-) mice fed the LF diet. Superoxides 19-29 telomerase RNA component Mus musculus 162-165 16043641-5 2005 Elevated levels of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide were detected by confocal microscopy in cerebral arterioles of Mtr(+/-) mice fed the control diet and in both Mtr(+/+) and Mtr(+/-) mice fed the LF diet. Superoxides 19-29 telomerase RNA component Mus musculus 162-165 16036365-5 2005 The analysis of H2O2 formation upon oxidation of DOPA by O2*- using 1-hydroxy-3-carboxy-pyrrolidine (CP-H), and SOD as competitive reagents for superoxide provides consistent values of the rate constant for the reaction between DOPA and O2*- being equal to (3.4+/-0.6)x10(5) M(-1) s(-1). Superoxides 144-154 carboxypeptidase E Homo sapiens 101-105 15998684-2 2005 G6PD may therefore affect superoxide anion production via vascular NADPH oxidase, which is key in mediating the vascular response to angiotensin II (Ang II). Superoxides 26-42 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 Mus musculus 0-4 15998281-7 2005 Taken together, our results suggest that ROS production, especially superoxide production via NADPH oxidase, is required for NMDA receptor-dependent activation of ERK in hippocampal area CA1. Superoxides 68-78 carbonic anhydrase 1 Mus musculus 187-190 15778738-0 2005 Expression of functional NK1 receptors in human alveolar macrophages: superoxide anion production, cytokine release and involvement of NF-kappaB pathway. Superoxides 70-86 tachykinin receptor 1 Homo sapiens 25-28 15778738-5 2005 These NK-1R are functional, as SP and NK(1) agonists dose-dependently induce O(2)(-) production and cytokine release. Superoxides 77-81 tachykinin receptor 1 Homo sapiens 6-11 15968398-3 2005 In this study, we report that platelets express syndecan-4, an antithrombin-binding cell surface heparan sulphate proteoglycan, whose ligation with antithrombin inhibits activated platelet-dependent superoxide anion release from neutrophils by the limitation of adenosine diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate secretion in activated platelets. Superoxides 199-215 serpin family C member 1 Homo sapiens 63-75 15968398-3 2005 In this study, we report that platelets express syndecan-4, an antithrombin-binding cell surface heparan sulphate proteoglycan, whose ligation with antithrombin inhibits activated platelet-dependent superoxide anion release from neutrophils by the limitation of adenosine diphosphate and adenosine triphosphate secretion in activated platelets. Superoxides 199-215 serpin family C member 1 Homo sapiens 148-160 15862713-0 2005 Endothelial nitric oxide synthase protects the post-ischemic liver: potential interactions with superoxide. Superoxides 96-106 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 0-33 15806312-10 2005 One mechanism by which the increased NO concentrations could have contributed to the decrease in Na+,K+ATPase activity, after the addition of LPS or SNAP, is via the production of peroxynitrite during the reaction of NO with superoxide. Superoxides 225-235 interferon regulatory factor 6 Homo sapiens 142-145 15821440-9 2005 The stimulatory effect of HX/XO on Kir6.1 current was abolished by tempol, a scavenger of O2. Superoxides 90-92 potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 8 Homo sapiens 35-41 15821440-11 2005 In conclusion, nicotine stimulates Kir6.1 channel at least in part through the production of O2. Superoxides 93-95 potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 8 Homo sapiens 35-41 15757654-1 2005 In vitro, uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3)-mediated uncoupling requires cofactors [e.g., superoxides, coenzyme Q (CoQ) and fatty acids (FA)] or their derivatives, but it is not yet clear whether or how such activators interact with each other under given physiological or pathophysiological conditions. Superoxides 84-95 uncoupling protein 3 Rattus norvegicus 10-30 15757654-1 2005 In vitro, uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3)-mediated uncoupling requires cofactors [e.g., superoxides, coenzyme Q (CoQ) and fatty acids (FA)] or their derivatives, but it is not yet clear whether or how such activators interact with each other under given physiological or pathophysiological conditions. Superoxides 84-95 uncoupling protein 3 Rattus norvegicus 32-36 15865106-3 2005 Polymorphic variations in NAD(P)H oxidase p22phox and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) enzyme activities may alter superoxide production or the rate of chemical metabolism, respectively, and this may influence the risk for CRC. Superoxides 103-113 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 42-45 15698597-15 2005 CONCLUSION: D,L-homocysteine and D,L-homocysteine-thiolactone enhanced fMLP-induced superoxide generation by the increment of translocation to membrane of p47(phox) and p67(phox). Superoxides 84-94 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 159-163 15698597-16 2005 L-cystathionine and N-acetyl-L-cysteine suppressed fMLP- and PMA-induced superoxide generation by the inhibition of translocation to membrane of p47(phox) and p67(phox). Superoxides 73-83 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 145-154 15698597-16 2005 L-cystathionine and N-acetyl-L-cysteine suppressed fMLP- and PMA-induced superoxide generation by the inhibition of translocation to membrane of p47(phox) and p67(phox). Superoxides 73-83 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 149-153 15780992-7 2005 Superoxide scavengers also block apoptosis by CTLs expressing GzmA and/or GzmB. Superoxides 0-10 granzyme B Homo sapiens 74-78 15883742-3 2005 METHODS: IL-5- and histamine-induced adherence to serum-coated plastic was measured as the eosinophil peroxidase content of adherent cells and serum treated zymosan (STZ)-and IL-5-induced superoxide production by the reduction of cytochrome C. Superoxides 188-198 interleukin 5 Equus caballus 9-13 15883742-3 2005 METHODS: IL-5- and histamine-induced adherence to serum-coated plastic was measured as the eosinophil peroxidase content of adherent cells and serum treated zymosan (STZ)-and IL-5-induced superoxide production by the reduction of cytochrome C. Superoxides 188-198 interleukin 5 Equus caballus 175-179 15471985-9 2005 These results indicate that endostatin increases intracellular ceramide levels, which enhances O2*-. Superoxides 95-97 collagen type XVIII alpha 1 chain Homo sapiens 28-38 15513930-2 2005 p47phox(-/-) mice, deficient in phagocyte NADPH oxidase and superoxide generation, received a single dose of the hepatocarcinogen diethylnitrosamine (DEN). Superoxides 60-70 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 0-7 15662223-8 2005 Co-incubation with tiron, a superoxide scavenger, suggested that the attenuation of IGF-I vasodilation in SHRSP arteries was not due to excess superoxide production. Superoxides 28-38 insulin-like growth factor 1 Rattus norvegicus 84-89 15375030-2 2005 Here we report that extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) plays a major role in regulating the magnitude of hypoxia-induced erythropoietin (Epo) gene expression, thus implicating superoxide as an intermediary signal transduction molecule critical to this process. Superoxides 34-44 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 56-62 15375030-2 2005 Here we report that extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) plays a major role in regulating the magnitude of hypoxia-induced erythropoietin (Epo) gene expression, thus implicating superoxide as an intermediary signal transduction molecule critical to this process. Superoxides 34-44 erythropoietin Mus musculus 130-144 15375030-2 2005 Here we report that extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) plays a major role in regulating the magnitude of hypoxia-induced erythropoietin (Epo) gene expression, thus implicating superoxide as an intermediary signal transduction molecule critical to this process. Superoxides 34-44 erythropoietin Mus musculus 146-149 15375030-8 2005 We conclude that EC-SOD functions as a major repressor of hypoxia-induced Epo gene expression, which implicates superoxide as a signaling intermediate whose downstream effects, at least in part, may be mediated by HIF-1alpha. Superoxides 112-122 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 17-23 15375030-8 2005 We conclude that EC-SOD functions as a major repressor of hypoxia-induced Epo gene expression, which implicates superoxide as a signaling intermediate whose downstream effects, at least in part, may be mediated by HIF-1alpha. Superoxides 112-122 erythropoietin Mus musculus 74-77 15375030-8 2005 We conclude that EC-SOD functions as a major repressor of hypoxia-induced Epo gene expression, which implicates superoxide as a signaling intermediate whose downstream effects, at least in part, may be mediated by HIF-1alpha. Superoxides 112-122 hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit Mus musculus 214-224 15618175-4 2005 Compared to the parent strain and the ahpC mutant strain, the bcp mutant showed moderate sensitivity to the superoxide-generating agent paraquat and to organic hydroperoxides. Superoxides 108-118 opsin 1 (cone pigments), short-wave-sensitive (color blindness, tritan) Mus musculus 62-65 15678111-6 2005 Transgenic rats had a mild increase in ATF-4 and CHOP and minimal neuronal degeneration, indicating that superoxide was involved in ER stress-induced cell death. Superoxides 105-115 DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 Rattus norvegicus 49-53 15823721-1 2005 Although uncoupling protein-1 is a key mediator of thermogenesis in activated brown fat, the more recently characterized uncoupling proteins-2 and -3 do not appear to influence basal metabolism, but rather may function to diminish excessive mitochondrial superoxide production when mitochondrial redox potential is high. Superoxides 255-265 heat shock protein family B (small) member 3 Homo sapiens 132-149 15625007-10 2004 The PIP2-binding peptide PBP10 selectively inhibits FPRL1-mediated superoxide production and granule mobilization. Superoxides 67-77 formyl peptide receptor 2 Homo sapiens 52-57 15544923-11 2004 PON2 stimulation may represent a compensatory mechanism against the increase in cellular superoxide anion production and atherogenesis. Superoxides 89-105 paraoxonase 2 Mus musculus 0-4 15646653-4 2004 Superoxide release and adherence induced by GM-CSF or TNF were inhibited by PI3K inhibitors. Superoxides 0-10 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 44-50 15613778-5 2004 Recently it was revealed that eNOS becomes dysfunctional and produces superoxide rather than NO under conditions in which vascular tissue levels of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), a co-factor for eNOS, are deficient or lacking. Superoxides 70-80 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 30-34 15613778-9 2004 However, in eNOS-transgenic mice (eNOS-Tg) crossbred with apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (apoE-KO/eNOS-Tg), we found the accelerated lesion formation in association with increased superoxide production from vessels compared with apoE-KO mice. Superoxides 181-191 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 12-16 15613778-9 2004 However, in eNOS-transgenic mice (eNOS-Tg) crossbred with apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (apoE-KO/eNOS-Tg), we found the accelerated lesion formation in association with increased superoxide production from vessels compared with apoE-KO mice. Superoxides 181-191 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 34-38 15613778-9 2004 However, in eNOS-transgenic mice (eNOS-Tg) crossbred with apolipoprotein E-deficient mice (apoE-KO/eNOS-Tg), we found the accelerated lesion formation in association with increased superoxide production from vessels compared with apoE-KO mice. Superoxides 181-191 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 34-38 15459075-0 2004 Superoxide mediates sympathoexcitation in heart failure: roles of angiotensin II and NAD(P)H oxidase. Superoxides 0-10 NADPH oxidase 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 85-100 15509740-9 2004 gp120 coupled CXCR4 (CXC chemokine receptor 4) to induce NADPH oxidase-mediated production of superoxide radicals in neurons, which was involved in the activation of NSMase but not ASMase. Superoxides 94-104 inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 Homo sapiens 0-5 15373923-7 2004 The IgG1, IgG3 and IgG4 subclass fractions, isolated from three different ANCA sera, each stimulated superoxide production from neutrophils derived from multiple donors. Superoxides 101-111 immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 3 (G3m marker) Homo sapiens 10-14 15383592-5 2004 Superoxide (O(2)(-)) production was profoundly inhibited by Go6976, a cPKC inhibitor, and dramatically increased by the DGK inhibitor, R59949. Superoxides 0-10 diacylglycerol kinase, beta Mus musculus 120-123 15383592-5 2004 Superoxide (O(2)(-)) production was profoundly inhibited by Go6976, a cPKC inhibitor, and dramatically increased by the DGK inhibitor, R59949. Superoxides 12-19 diacylglycerol kinase, beta Mus musculus 120-123 15464236-8 2004 The mechanisms of superoxide-induced apoptosis involved release of cytochrome c, increased Bax expression, increased caspase-3 activity, and hydrolysis of polyADP-ribose polymerase. Superoxides 18-28 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 91-94 15220383-8 2004 Here, we show that removal of superoxide formation occurring in injured arteries reduces both neointima formation and LOX-1 expression and that this may represent a novel therapeutical approach in the treatment of vascular disorders in which proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and ox-LDL-related endothelial cell dysfunction occur. Superoxides 30-40 oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 Rattus norvegicus 118-123 15507762-4 2004 The translocation depends on a stimulus-induced conformational change of p47phox, which leads to the SH3 domain-mediated interaction with p22phox, a binding required for the gp91phox/Nox2-dependent superoxide production. Superoxides 198-208 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 138-145 15350821-5 2004 Furthermore, there was a strong positive correlation (r = 0.89, p < 0.01 in ICAM-1 and r = 0.88, p < 0.01 in VCAM-1) between ICAM-1/VCAM-1 expression and vascular production of superoxide. Superoxides 183-193 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Mus musculus 115-121 15350821-5 2004 Furthermore, there was a strong positive correlation (r = 0.89, p < 0.01 in ICAM-1 and r = 0.88, p < 0.01 in VCAM-1) between ICAM-1/VCAM-1 expression and vascular production of superoxide. Superoxides 183-193 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Mus musculus 138-144 15374618-3 2004 In a previous study, uric acid-generated superoxide anion was identified as one of the physiologically relevant inactivators of alpha2M S.A. Khan, F.H. Superoxides 41-57 alpha-2-macroglobulin Homo sapiens 128-135 15288119-3 2004 We have recently demonstrated that overexpression of the Alpha class GSTs in cells leads to lower steady-state levels of HNE, and these cells acquire resistance to apoptosis induced by lipid peroxidation-causing agents such as H(2)O(2), UVA, superoxide anion, and pro-oxidant xenobiotics, suggesting that signaling for apoptosis by these agents is transduced through HNE. Superoxides 242-258 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 69-73 15462181-4 2004 Addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) to the reaction mixture partially reduced the intensity of signals confirming the production of superoxide radical as well as hydroxyl radicals. Superoxides 135-153 superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Cucumis sativus 12-32 15462181-4 2004 Addition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) to the reaction mixture partially reduced the intensity of signals confirming the production of superoxide radical as well as hydroxyl radicals. Superoxides 135-153 superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Cucumis sativus 34-37 15240745-6 2004 The generation of superoxide by both uPA-/- and uPAR-/- neutrophils was about half of that seen in WT neutrophils. Superoxides 18-28 plasminogen activator, urokinase Mus musculus 37-40 15246877-0 2004 S-nitrosation of thioredoxin in the nitrogen monoxide/superoxide system activates apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1. Superoxides 54-64 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 17-28 15246877-0 2004 S-nitrosation of thioredoxin in the nitrogen monoxide/superoxide system activates apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1. Superoxides 54-64 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 Homo sapiens 82-118 15246877-1 2004 In the present study, we have investigated S-nitrosation of reactive thioredoxin (Trx) thiol groups in nitric oxide/superoxide system. Superoxides 116-126 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 69-80 15246877-1 2004 In the present study, we have investigated S-nitrosation of reactive thioredoxin (Trx) thiol groups in nitric oxide/superoxide system. Superoxides 116-126 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 82-85 15246877-2 2004 We have found that Trx thiol groups are the targets for S-nitrosation by N2O3-like species generated in the system containing xanthine/xanthine oxidase (superoxide producing system) and DEA/NO-the *NO donating compound, however, they have shown low sensitivity to the *NO derived from DEA/NO. Superoxides 153-163 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 19-22 15246877-3 2004 N2O3-dependent S-nitrosation of Trx at approximately 2-fold of NO excess compared to the superoxide amount resulted in dissociation and activation of apoptosis signal regulating kinase 1 (ASK1). Superoxides 89-99 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 32-35 15246877-3 2004 N2O3-dependent S-nitrosation of Trx at approximately 2-fold of NO excess compared to the superoxide amount resulted in dissociation and activation of apoptosis signal regulating kinase 1 (ASK1). Superoxides 89-99 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 Homo sapiens 150-186 15246877-3 2004 N2O3-dependent S-nitrosation of Trx at approximately 2-fold of NO excess compared to the superoxide amount resulted in dissociation and activation of apoptosis signal regulating kinase 1 (ASK1). Superoxides 89-99 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 Homo sapiens 188-192 15246877-4 2004 However, approximately 4-fold of NO excess compared to a superoxide production preserved the level of dissociated ASK1 but decreased its activity due to the enzyme S-nitrosation. Superoxides 57-67 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 Homo sapiens 114-118 15264222-5 2004 A nonneurotoxic PAF concentration (500 nM) potentiated neuronal death caused by hydrogen peroxide as determined by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay, Hoechst staining, and TUNEL analysis, but it did not potentiate neuronal death caused by menadione, a superoxide donor, or by the nitric oxide donors 3-morpholino-sydnonimine (SIN-1) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP). Superoxides 252-262 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 16-19 15181005-1 2004 gp91(phox) (Nox2), the catalytic subunit of the superoxide-generating respiratory burst oxidase, is regulated by subunits p47(phox) and p67(phox). Superoxides 48-58 inhibitor of growth family member 1 Homo sapiens 122-131 15181005-1 2004 gp91(phox) (Nox2), the catalytic subunit of the superoxide-generating respiratory burst oxidase, is regulated by subunits p47(phox) and p67(phox). Superoxides 48-58 inhibitor of growth family member 1 Homo sapiens 5-9 15166213-3 2004 The lysine and leucine biosynthetic pathways each contain a 4Fe-4S cluster enzyme homologous to aconitase and likely to be superoxide-sensitive, homoaconitase (Lys4p) and isopropylmalate dehydratase (Leu1p), respectively. Superoxides 123-133 homoaconitate hydratase LYS4 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 160-165 15166213-9 2004 Thus, we conclude that when Sod1p is absent a lysine auxotrophy is induced because Lys4p is inactivated in the matrix by superoxide that originates in the intermembrane space and diffuses across the inner membrane. Superoxides 121-131 homoaconitate hydratase LYS4 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 83-88 15186954-8 2004 Moreover, expression analysis showed that superoxide-production activity in p22(phox) C242T-expressing HL-60 cells were significantly higher than in p22(phox)-expressing HL-60 cells. Superoxides 42-52 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 76-79 15207648-7 2004 We found that HO-1 induction in astrocytes is increased by combined exposure to Pb2+ and many other stresses, including heat, nitric oxide, H2O2, and superoxide. Superoxides 150-160 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 14-18 15070892-4 2004 In wt CA, 30 min of hypoxia (1% O(2)) followed by reoxygenation (16% O(2)) resulted in further coronary vasoconstriction (internal diameter from 105 +/- 11 to 84.5 +/- 17.9 microm), whereas this response was completely blocked in both CuZn-SOD Tg and gp91(phox) knock-out CA (104.3 +/- 10.5 to 120.7 +/- 14 microm and 143.3 +/- 15.3 to 172.7 +/- 12.5 microm, respectively, p < 0.01). Superoxides 32-37 paired Ig-like receptor B Mus musculus 251-255 15070892-4 2004 In wt CA, 30 min of hypoxia (1% O(2)) followed by reoxygenation (16% O(2)) resulted in further coronary vasoconstriction (internal diameter from 105 +/- 11 to 84.5 +/- 17.9 microm), whereas this response was completely blocked in both CuZn-SOD Tg and gp91(phox) knock-out CA (104.3 +/- 10.5 to 120.7 +/- 14 microm and 143.3 +/- 15.3 to 172.7 +/- 12.5 microm, respectively, p < 0.01). Superoxides 32-36 paired Ig-like receptor B Mus musculus 251-255 15070892-6 2004 These results demonstrate that H/R-induced vasoconstriction is mediated by intracellular superoxide overproduction via endothelial NADPH oxidase gp91(phox). Superoxides 89-99 paired Ig-like receptor B Mus musculus 145-149 15108351-4 2004 Cotransfection of Nox4/P22 DNA resulted in enhanced superoxide production in osteoclasts, indicating that P22 may be a necessary factor for the Nox4 activity. Superoxides 52-62 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 23-26 15123520-7 2004 Mouse peritoneal macrophages and aortic segments from aldosterone-treated mice exhibited increased superoxide anion formation by up to 155% and 69%, respectively, and this effect was probably mediated by NADPH oxidase activation, because increased translocation of its cytosolic component p47phox to the macrophage plasma membrane was observed. Superoxides 99-115 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 289-296 14993245-8 2004 Also, LA-mediated nuclear factor kappa B activation and E-selectin gene expression were suppressed by Mn (III) tetrakis (1-methyl-4-pyridyl) porphyrin pentachloride (a superoxide scavenger), N(G)-monomethyl-l-arginine (an endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrinato iron (III) chloride (a peroxynitrite scavenger). Superoxides 168-178 selectin E Homo sapiens 56-66 14982937-3 2004 Upon heterologous expression, NOX5 was shown to generate superoxide in response to intracellular Ca(2+) elevations. Superoxides 57-67 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 30-34 14982937-5 2004 In a cell-free system, Ca(2+) elevations triggered superoxide production by NOX5 (K(m) = 1.06 microm) in an NADPH- and FAD-dependent but cytosol-independent manner. Superoxides 51-61 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 76-80 14688028-10 2004 The nature of these species was investigated and revealed that cancer prone XPD fibroblasts produced higher amounts of O2*- and H2O2 and lower amounts of NO* and ONOO than normal fibroblasts. Superoxides 119-122 ERCC excision repair 2, TFIIH core complex helicase subunit Homo sapiens 76-79 15081540-5 2004 Not surprisingly, Hsp90 inhibitors behave as immunosuppressants, and also cause an induction of superoxide production. Superoxides 96-106 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 18-23 14993144-0 2004 Opposing roles of p47phox in basal versus angiotensin II-stimulated alterations in vascular O2- production, vascular tone, and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Superoxides 92-94 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 18-25 14744631-8 2004 HEK293 cells, which express a NADPH oxidase-like enzyme but not formyl peptide receptors, transiently transfected with FPRL1 cDNA produced superoxide on stimulation with N-fMLP or W peptide, demonstrating that this receptor is biologically functional. Superoxides 139-149 formyl peptide receptor 2 Homo sapiens 119-124 14706836-0 2004 Production of endogenous matrix superoxide from mitochondrial complex I leads to activation of uncoupling protein 3. Superoxides 32-42 uncoupling protein 3 Rattus norvegicus 95-115 14706836-4 2004 Addition of GDP to inhibit UCP3 markedly inhibited proton conductance and increased superoxide production. Superoxides 84-94 uncoupling protein 3 Rattus norvegicus 27-31 14706836-6 2004 Thus, endogenous superoxide can activate the proton conductance of UCP3, which in turn limits mitochondrial superoxide production. Superoxides 17-27 uncoupling protein 3 Rattus norvegicus 67-71 14706836-6 2004 Thus, endogenous superoxide can activate the proton conductance of UCP3, which in turn limits mitochondrial superoxide production. Superoxides 108-118 uncoupling protein 3 Rattus norvegicus 67-71 14593003-7 2003 In contrast, pulsatile flow downregulated both gp91phox and Nox4 mRNA expression (by 1.8+/-0.2-fold and 3.0+/-0.12-fold, respectively), with an accompanying reduction in O2-* production, reduction in the extent of LDL modification (51+/-12% for LDL- and 30+/-7% for LDL2-), and monocyte/BAEC binding. Superoxides 170-172 NADPH oxidase 4 Bos taurus 60-64 12791678-0 2003 Superoxide-dependent iron uptake: a new role for anion exchange protein 2. Superoxides 0-10 solute carrier family 4 member 2 Homo sapiens 49-73 12791678-2 2003 We tested the hypothesis that human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells import non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) using superoxide-dependent ferri-reductase activity involving anion exchange protein 2 (AE2) and extracellular bicarbonate (HCO3-). Superoxides 116-126 solute carrier family 4 member 2 Homo sapiens 172-196 12791678-2 2003 We tested the hypothesis that human bronchial epithelial (HBE) cells import non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) using superoxide-dependent ferri-reductase activity involving anion exchange protein 2 (AE2) and extracellular bicarbonate (HCO3-). Superoxides 116-126 solute carrier family 4 member 2 Homo sapiens 198-201 12855428-9 2003 Because gp91phox is associated with membranes, we examined NADPH-stimulated O2-. Superoxides 76-78 paired Ig-like receptor B Mus musculus 8-12 14588154-5 2003 By influencing the activity of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and AKT, NADPH oxidase-derived O(2) .- increases the expression of several pro-arteriosclerotic genes, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tissue factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Superoxides 99-103 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 179-213 14588154-5 2003 By influencing the activity of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and AKT, NADPH oxidase-derived O(2) .- increases the expression of several pro-arteriosclerotic genes, such as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, tissue factor, and vascular endothelial growth factor. Superoxides 99-103 coagulation factor III, tissue factor Homo sapiens 215-228 14684755-11 2003 CONCLUSION: Our data show that CYP 2C9 plays a key role in linoleic acid-induced oxidative stress and subsequent proinflammatory events in vascular endothelial cells by possibly causing superoxide generation through uncoupling processes. Superoxides 186-196 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9 Homo sapiens 31-38 14679084-3 2003 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase produces superoxide in macrophages, and its essential component, p22 phox, is a critical enzyme for superoxide production. Superoxides 69-79 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 125-133 14679084-3 2003 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase produces superoxide in macrophages, and its essential component, p22 phox, is a critical enzyme for superoxide production. Superoxides 160-170 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 125-133 14525797-7 2003 ACE+/-/E0 mice also exhibited reduced NADPH-induced aortic superoxide ion production by 52% and a reduction of 43% in their atherosclerotic lesion size compared with E0 mice. Superoxides 59-69 angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 1 Mus musculus 0-3 12894215-4 2003 Interestingly, decreasing intracellular superoxide concentration with an inhibitor of the beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase or by transient transfection with a dominant-negative form of the guanosine triphosphate-binding protein Rac1 resulted in a significant increase in the sensitivity of CEM/Bcl-2 cells to CD95- or merocil-induced apoptosis. Superoxides 40-50 Fas cell surface death receptor Homo sapiens 333-337 12881409-11 2003 Superoxide production, an essential event in bactericidal function of neutrophils, was stimulated by galectin-8 to an extent comparable to that induced by fMLP. Superoxides 0-10 galectin 8 Homo sapiens 101-111 13679868-5 2003 Taken together, these results demonstrate that there are at least two distinct apoptotic pathways: one dependent on O2-, which is induced by 2ME2 and is associated with release of cyto c and Smac; and the other an independent of O2-, which is triggered by Dex and associated with Smac release. Superoxides 116-118 diablo IAP-binding mitochondrial protein Homo sapiens 191-195 13679868-5 2003 Taken together, these results demonstrate that there are at least two distinct apoptotic pathways: one dependent on O2-, which is induced by 2ME2 and is associated with release of cyto c and Smac; and the other an independent of O2-, which is triggered by Dex and associated with Smac release. Superoxides 116-118 diablo IAP-binding mitochondrial protein Homo sapiens 280-284 12934716-1 2003 The transcription of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), expression of which is essential for detoxification of superoxide radicals from mitochondria, has been shown to be regulated in vitro by many factors and conditions including oxidative stress, cytokines, lipopolysaccharide, cytoplasmic myc (c-myc), p53 and tumour necrosis factors. Superoxides 31-41 Superoxide dismutase 2 (Mn) Drosophila melanogaster 53-58 13678532-6 2003 The induction of HO-1 in monocytes suppresses not only Ang II-stimulated superoxide formation, but also Ang II-enhanced chemotactic activity. Superoxides 73-83 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 17-21 13678534-8 2003 When STZ-treated animals were posttreated with a derivative of superoxide dismutase that stays in circulation without undergoing renal ultrafiltration, immunoreactivities to MoAb3221 but not to MoAb28131 increased markedly in diabetic retina, suggesting that superoxide cancels free NO for local sGC activation. Superoxides 63-73 guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 2 Rattus norvegicus 296-299 13678534-9 2003 These results provide evidence of aberrant utilization of NO and suggest that superoxide plays a role in interfering with NO-mediated sGC activation for phototransducing events in this neural tissue. Superoxides 78-88 guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 2 Rattus norvegicus 134-137 12639216-2 2003 The C242T variant of the CYBA gene encoding the p22phox subunit of the NAD(P)H oxidase, a major source of superoxide production, has been shown to be associated with coronary artery disease and with vascular superoxide production in human veins ex vivo. Superoxides 106-116 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 25-29 12639216-2 2003 The C242T variant of the CYBA gene encoding the p22phox subunit of the NAD(P)H oxidase, a major source of superoxide production, has been shown to be associated with coronary artery disease and with vascular superoxide production in human veins ex vivo. Superoxides 208-218 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 25-29 12788061-4 2003 Real-time PCR analysis revealed that TPT augmented the expression not only of CD18 but also of components of superoxide-generating NADPH-oxidase, p47phox, 2.7-fold, and p67phox, 2.0-fold, and of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR), 3.0-fold, whereas various other endocrine disruptors, including parathion, vinclozolin, and bisphenol A, had no such enhancing effects. Superoxides 109-119 colony stimulating factor 3 receptor Homo sapiens 195-241 12788061-4 2003 Real-time PCR analysis revealed that TPT augmented the expression not only of CD18 but also of components of superoxide-generating NADPH-oxidase, p47phox, 2.7-fold, and p67phox, 2.0-fold, and of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR), 3.0-fold, whereas various other endocrine disruptors, including parathion, vinclozolin, and bisphenol A, had no such enhancing effects. Superoxides 109-119 colony stimulating factor 3 receptor Homo sapiens 243-249 12663375-13 2003 CONCLUSIONS: c-Src regulates NAD(P)H oxidase-derived *O2- generation acutely by stimulating p47phox phosphorylation and translocation and chronically by increasing protein content of gp91phox, p22phox, and p47phox in Ang II-stimulated cells. Superoxides 54-56 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 92-95 12657628-0 2003 Proteins homologous to p47phox and p67phox support superoxide production by NAD(P)H oxidase 1 in colon epithelial cells. Superoxides 51-61 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 23-30 12941159-8 2003 Further, we identified an increase in the level of superoxide and peroxynitrite in endothelial cells exposed to NO that was reduced by p21ras C118S transient transfection. Superoxides 51-61 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 135-138 12941159-9 2003 Conversely, levels of superoxide and peroxynitrite could be increased by the over expression of wild type p21ras. Superoxides 22-32 HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 106-112 12941159-11 2003 Finally, results also demonstrated that eNOS itself was a significant producer of superoxide, and that this appeared to be related to a p21ras-dependent increase in phosphorylation of Ser1177. Superoxides 82-92 HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 136-142 12750906-0 2003 ML-7 inhibits exocytosis of superoxide-producing intracellular compartments in human neutrophils stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate in a myosin light chain kinase-independent manner. Superoxides 28-38 solute carrier family 25 member 16 Homo sapiens 0-4 12750906-2 2003 In the present study, we demonstrated that ML-7 affects the superoxide (O(2)(-))-producing system of human neutrophils in an MLCK-independent manner. Superoxides 60-70 solute carrier family 25 member 16 Homo sapiens 43-47 12750906-2 2003 In the present study, we demonstrated that ML-7 affects the superoxide (O(2)(-))-producing system of human neutrophils in an MLCK-independent manner. Superoxides 72-79 solute carrier family 25 member 16 Homo sapiens 43-47 12750906-5 2003 Fluorescence microscopy revealed the generation of O(2)(-) at intracellular compartments in the stimulated cells exposed to ML-7. Superoxides 51-55 solute carrier family 25 member 16 Homo sapiens 124-128 12750906-9 2003 These findings indicate that ML-7 inhibits the fusion of the oxidant-producing intracellular compartments to the plasma membrane resulting in the inhibition of the extracellular release of O(2)(-) in PMA-stimulated human neutrophils in an MLCK-independent manner. Superoxides 189-193 solute carrier family 25 member 16 Homo sapiens 29-33 12784910-0 2003 The inhibition of superoxide production in EL4 lymphoma cells overexpressing growth hormone. Superoxides 18-28 growth hormone Mus musculus 77-91 12784910-3 2003 Since, it has been found that exogenous growth hormone (GH) primes neutrophils for the production of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) and in particular superoxide (O2-), we investigated the role of GH on the production of O2- in T cells. Superoxides 155-165 growth hormone Mus musculus 40-54 12784910-3 2003 Since, it has been found that exogenous growth hormone (GH) primes neutrophils for the production of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) and in particular superoxide (O2-), we investigated the role of GH on the production of O2- in T cells. Superoxides 155-165 growth hormone Mus musculus 56-58 12784910-3 2003 Since, it has been found that exogenous growth hormone (GH) primes neutrophils for the production of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) and in particular superoxide (O2-), we investigated the role of GH on the production of O2- in T cells. Superoxides 167-169 growth hormone Mus musculus 40-54 12784910-3 2003 Since, it has been found that exogenous growth hormone (GH) primes neutrophils for the production of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) and in particular superoxide (O2-), we investigated the role of GH on the production of O2- in T cells. Superoxides 225-227 growth hormone Mus musculus 40-54 12784910-5 2003 Our studies show that overexpression of GH in EL4, a T-cell lymphoma cell line, results in a decrease in the production of O2- compared to control cells, as detected using the fluorescent dye, dihydroethidium. Superoxides 123-125 growth hormone Mus musculus 40-42 12784910-7 2003 However, treatment with diallyl sulfide, an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2E1 mimicked the reduction in O2- production seen in cells overexpressing GH. Superoxides 103-105 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 57-76 12784910-7 2003 However, treatment with diallyl sulfide, an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2E1 mimicked the reduction in O2- production seen in cells overexpressing GH. Superoxides 103-105 growth hormone Mus musculus 147-149 12784910-9 2003 Both the decrease in O2- production and the lower CYP2E1 activity in GH overexpressing cells could be abrogated by treatment with N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. Superoxides 21-23 growth hormone Mus musculus 69-71 12731085-5 2003 RESULTS: Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cells from X-CGD patients transduced with Ha-MDR-IRES-gp91 co-expressed human P-glycoprotein and gp91, and acquired superoxide-generating activity. Superoxides 158-168 paired Ig-like receptor B Mus musculus 96-100 12603834-7 2003 The resultant ALDH2-deficient transfectants were highly vulnerable to exogenous 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, an aldehyde derivative generated by the reaction of superoxide with unsaturated fatty acid. Superoxides 153-163 aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member Rattus norvegicus 14-19 12475976-2 2003 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes consists of a membrane-associated flavocytochrome b(559) and four cytosolic components as follows: p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (1 or 2). Superoxides 4-14 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 161-164 12575983-5 2003 RESULTS: The incubation of BAECs and BLOX-1-CHO cells with human platelets induced a sharp and dose-dependent increase in intracellular concentration of ROS and O2.- (p from <0.01 to <0.001). Superoxides 161-163 oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 Bos taurus 37-43 12524405-13 2003 CONCLUSIONS: Cultures of transformed and primary epithelial cells from human colon may produce extracellular O(2)(-) through an NAD(P)H oxidase expressing Nox1 and p22(phox). Superoxides 109-113 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 164-167 12627849-4 2003 Unlike ATRA, G-CSF enhanced superoxide release stimulated by the chemotactic peptide but not by phorbol ester. Superoxides 28-38 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 13-18 12587068-7 2003 However, in contrast to moderate ethanol, 100 mM ethanol, a concentration tolerated only in chronic alcoholics, potentiates gp120-dependent neurotoxicity (PI labeling) in the hippocampal CA1 region, augments LDH release, and fails to curtail gp120"s actions on AA, glutamate, and superoxide-but does suppress nitric oxide induction. Superoxides 280-290 inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 Homo sapiens 124-129 12587068-8 2003 The results indicate dominant roles for AA, superoxide, and glutamate-mediated oxidative stress in gp120"s neurotoxic mechanism, but perhaps a less important role for NMDA receptor stimulation, which would be constrained at both ethanol concentrations employed. Superoxides 44-54 inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 Homo sapiens 99-104 12374566-1 2003 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD or SOD3) is an important protective enzyme against the toxicity of superoxide radicals that are produced under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 36-42 12374566-1 2003 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD or SOD3) is an important protective enzyme against the toxicity of superoxide radicals that are produced under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 46-50 12372827-2 2002 Superoxide activates nucleotide-sensitive mitochondrial proton transport through the uncoupling proteins UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3 (Echtay, K. S., et al. Superoxides 0-10 uncoupling protein 3 Rattus norvegicus 121-125 12456638-1 2002 Activation of the superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase, crucial in host defense, requires the cytosolic proteins p67(phox) and p47(phox). Superoxides 18-28 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 135-138 12456638-4 2002 Here we show that p40(phox) enhances membrane translocation of p67(phox) and p47(phox) in stimulated cells, which leads to facilitated production of superoxide. Superoxides 149-159 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 77-80 12468568-7 2002 The selective Ang-(1-7) antagonist [D-Ala(7)]-Ang-(1-7) inhibited the AVE 0991-induced NO and O2- production by approximately 50%. Superoxides 94-96 angiogenin-1 Bos taurus 14-22 12468568-7 2002 The selective Ang-(1-7) antagonist [D-Ala(7)]-Ang-(1-7) inhibited the AVE 0991-induced NO and O2- production by approximately 50%. Superoxides 94-96 angiogenin-1 Bos taurus 46-54 12465160-12 2002 Since IL-17 is a NO-producing cytokine with additive effects when combined with IL-1, it may play a pivotal role in cartilage destruction during rheumatoid arthritis, for which infiltrating cells produce high levels of superoxide and proinflammatory cytokines. Superoxides 219-229 interleukin 17A Rattus norvegicus 6-11 12512689-5 2002 Furthermore, the C242T polymorphism in the NAD(P)H oxidase p22phox subunit is associated with significantly reduced superoxide production in patients carrying the 242T allele, suggesting a role for genetic variation in modulating vascular superoxide production. Superoxides 116-126 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 59-66 12512689-5 2002 Furthermore, the C242T polymorphism in the NAD(P)H oxidase p22phox subunit is associated with significantly reduced superoxide production in patients carrying the 242T allele, suggesting a role for genetic variation in modulating vascular superoxide production. Superoxides 239-249 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 59-66 12456489-3 2002 Cerebral blood flow responses in these genetically altered mice to changes in PO2 demonstrate that SOD3 regulates equilibrium between superoxide (*O2-) and NO*, thereby controlling vascular tone and reactivity in the brain. Superoxides 134-144 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 99-103 12417549-7 2002 Ang II-treated aortas from gp91(phox-/-) mice, which lack significant adventitial O2-, exhibited greater EDR and were not affected by SOD. Superoxides 82-84 paired Ig-like receptor B Mus musculus 27-31 12417549-10 2002 CONCLUSIONS: O2- derived from adventitial gp91(phox)-based NAD(P)H oxidase contributes to impairment of the action of endothelium-derived NO. Superoxides 13-15 paired Ig-like receptor B Mus musculus 42-46 12391244-3 2002 To investigate the molecular mechanisms of the responses of eosinophils to PAF, we analyzed superoxide anion production by a chemiluminescence method that provides real-time kinetic data for the cellular responses. Superoxides 92-108 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 75-78 12391244-4 2002 We found that PAF induced bimodal superoxide anion production in human eosinophils, consisting of an intense, but transient, first phase and a larger and sustained second phase. Superoxides 34-50 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 14-17 12239175-4 2002 Coincubation with the PI3-kinase inhibitor LY294002, which in parallel experiments abolished GM-CSF-primed, fMLP-stimulated superoxide anion production and GM-CSF-stimulated PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) accumulation, inhibited the GM-CSF and TNF-alpha survival effect. Superoxides 124-140 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 93-99 12218155-3 2002 Pretreatment of neutrophils with TNF-alpha or GM-CSF, while not influencing fMLP-stimulated PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 accumulation at 5 s, caused a major increase in PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 at later times (10-60 s), which paralleled the augmented superoxide anion (O2-) response. Superoxides 229-245 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 46-52 12218155-3 2002 Pretreatment of neutrophils with TNF-alpha or GM-CSF, while not influencing fMLP-stimulated PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 accumulation at 5 s, caused a major increase in PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 at later times (10-60 s), which paralleled the augmented superoxide anion (O2-) response. Superoxides 247-249 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 46-52 11994047-0 2002 Pivotal role of superoxides generated in the mitochondrial respiratory chain in peroxynitrite-dependent activation of phospholipase A2. Superoxides 16-27 phospholipase A2 group IB Rattus norvegicus 118-134 12230880-2 2002 A p22(phox)-based NAD(P)H oxidase acts as a potent superoxide-generating system in the vasculature. Superoxides 51-61 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 2-5 12145183-0 2002 Glucose increases endothelial-dependent superoxide formation in coronary arteries by NAD(P)H oxidase activation: attenuation by the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor atorvastatin. Superoxides 40-50 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase Homo sapiens 132-179 12145183-9 2002 In conclusion, glucose-induced increase of vascular O(2)(-) formation is endothelium dependent and is probably mediated by increased p22(phox) subunit expression. Superoxides 52-56 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 133-136 12119223-6 2002 GM-CSF therapy was associated with increased blood granulocyte superoxide production and restoration or preservation of blood and alveolar leukocyte phagocytic function. Superoxides 63-73 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-6 12180126-7 2002 We interpret the alterations to be caused by a moderately increased consumption of nitric oxide by the superoxide radical in the EC-SOD null mice. Superoxides 103-121 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 129-135 12180126-8 2002 One role of EC-SOD may be to preserve nitric oxide, a function that should be particularly important in vascular pathologies, in which large increases in superoxide formation have been documented. Superoxides 154-164 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 12-18 12080323-4 2002 GCSF at a dosage of 30 to 100 ng/mL, a concentration range that primes superoxide release, stimulated a 60% to 100% increase in gelatinase release from tertiary granules but did not stimulate lactoferrin release from secondary granules. Superoxides 71-81 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 0-4 12056906-1 2002 Production of superoxide anions by the multicomponent enzyme of human neutrophil NADPH oxidase is accompanied by extensive phosphorylation of p47(phox), one of its cytosolic components. Superoxides 14-31 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 142-145 12126473-0 2002 Influence of platelet-activating factor, its cell analogs, and antagonist on the production of superoxide radicals by blood leukocytes of healthy and hypercholesterolemic individuals. Superoxides 95-105 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 13-39 12126473-1 2002 The influence of the phospholipid platelet-activating factor (PAF), its cell analogs, and lipid PAF antagonist on the production of superoxide radicals by leukocytes isolated from the blood of healthy and hypercholesterolemia IIA individuals was studied. Superoxides 132-142 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 62-65 12126473-1 2002 The influence of the phospholipid platelet-activating factor (PAF), its cell analogs, and lipid PAF antagonist on the production of superoxide radicals by leukocytes isolated from the blood of healthy and hypercholesterolemia IIA individuals was studied. Superoxides 132-142 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 96-99 12126473-3 2002 Exogenous PAF stimulates the superoxide production in the leukocytes of healthy individuals but significantly inhibits the superoxide production in the leukocytes of hypercholesterolemic individuals. Superoxides 29-39 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 10-13 12126473-3 2002 Exogenous PAF stimulates the superoxide production in the leukocytes of healthy individuals but significantly inhibits the superoxide production in the leukocytes of hypercholesterolemic individuals. Superoxides 123-133 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 10-13 12126473-5 2002 However, pretreatment of leukocytes by 1-alkenyl-PAF or PAF-antagonist (1-O-alk-1;-enyl-2-(2;-acetoxybenzoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) results in a 50% inhibition of the PAF-induced superoxide production by leukocytes of healthy individuals. Superoxides 186-196 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 56-59 12126473-5 2002 However, pretreatment of leukocytes by 1-alkenyl-PAF or PAF-antagonist (1-O-alk-1;-enyl-2-(2;-acetoxybenzoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) results in a 50% inhibition of the PAF-induced superoxide production by leukocytes of healthy individuals. Superoxides 186-196 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 56-59 12126473-6 2002 This PAF-antagonist alone or in combination with PAF induces a substantial (65-70%) inhibition of superoxide production in the leukocytes of hypercholesterolemic individuals. Superoxides 98-108 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 5-8 12126473-6 2002 This PAF-antagonist alone or in combination with PAF induces a substantial (65-70%) inhibition of superoxide production in the leukocytes of hypercholesterolemic individuals. Superoxides 98-108 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 49-52 12126473-7 2002 It is concluded that superoxide production by leukocytes of healthy individuals and especially by leukocytes of hypercholesterolemic individuals is process that depends on PAF or PAF-like lipids. Superoxides 21-31 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 172-175 12126473-7 2002 It is concluded that superoxide production by leukocytes of healthy individuals and especially by leukocytes of hypercholesterolemic individuals is process that depends on PAF or PAF-like lipids. Superoxides 21-31 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 179-182 12028049-0 2002 Differentiation of PLB-985 myeloid cells into mature neutrophils, shown by degranulation of terminally differentiated compartments in response to N-formyl peptide and priming of superoxide anion production by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Superoxides 178-194 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 209-257 12137755-8 2002 Addition of Stx 2 or Stx 1 to human mature granulocytes in vitro decreased their superoxide-producing activity when stimulated with agonists. Superoxides 81-91 syntaxin 1A Homo sapiens 21-26 12069282-6 2002 Microglial superoxide production by the Fab fragment of rat IgG was significantly less than that by the Fc fragment of rat IgG. Superoxides 11-21 FA complementation group B Homo sapiens 40-43 11896062-1 2002 Activation of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes is the result of the assembly of a membrane-localized flavocytochrome (cytochrome b(559)) with the cytosolic components p47(phox), p67(phox), and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 18-28 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 188-191 11861654-3 2002 A low concentration (2.5-10 microm) of GD3, incubated with human aortic smooth muscle cells for a short period of time (10-30 min), stimulates superoxide generation via the activation of both NADPH oxidase and NADH oxidase activity. Superoxides 143-153 GRDX Homo sapiens 39-42 11861654-9 2002 In contrast, at higher concentrations (50-200 microm) GD3 inhibited the generation of superoxides but markedly stimulated the generation of nitric oxide (NO) (10-fold compared with control). Superoxides 86-97 GRDX Homo sapiens 54-57 11861654-11 2002 In sum, at a low concentration, GD3 recruits superoxides to activate p44 MAPK and stimulates cell proliferation. Superoxides 45-56 GRDX Homo sapiens 32-35 11861654-12 2002 In contrast, at high concentrations GD3 recruits nitric oxide to scavenge superoxide radicals that triggered signaling events that led to apoptosis. Superoxides 74-84 GRDX Homo sapiens 36-39 11980688-2 2002 However, eNOS has been shown to generate superoxide, which could oxidize LDL and promote atherosclerosis. Superoxides 41-51 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 9-13 11909695-4 2002 However, when C-12 lies deeper and is hence less available to O(2)(*-), the lactonic carbon C-2, which lies in a shallower region (E(T)(30) = 43-49), is the preferred site for superoxide-mediated cleavage. Superoxides 62-66 complement C2 Homo sapiens 92-95 11909695-4 2002 However, when C-12 lies deeper and is hence less available to O(2)(*-), the lactonic carbon C-2, which lies in a shallower region (E(T)(30) = 43-49), is the preferred site for superoxide-mediated cleavage. Superoxides 176-186 complement C2 Homo sapiens 92-95 12076272-4 2002 Upon stimulation with OMV-LPS or E. coli-LPS, the production of intracellular ROS increased in both granulocytes and monocytes when dihydroethidium (DHE, mainly reflecting superoxide anion) was used as a probe, whereas peroxynitrite production monitored with dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR) was not significantly changed. Superoxides 172-188 interferon regulatory factor 6 Homo sapiens 26-29 12076272-4 2002 Upon stimulation with OMV-LPS or E. coli-LPS, the production of intracellular ROS increased in both granulocytes and monocytes when dihydroethidium (DHE, mainly reflecting superoxide anion) was used as a probe, whereas peroxynitrite production monitored with dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR) was not significantly changed. Superoxides 172-188 interferon regulatory factor 6 Homo sapiens 41-44 12036109-1 2002 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) controls the availability of extracellular superoxide and appears to play a role in controlling oxidative stress and intercellular signaling. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 36-42 11901190-5 2002 eNOS catalytic activity is exquisitely sensitive to ONOO(-), which decreases NO synthesis and increases superoxide anion (O(2)(.-)) production by the enzyme. Superoxides 104-120 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 0-4 11901190-5 2002 eNOS catalytic activity is exquisitely sensitive to ONOO(-), which decreases NO synthesis and increases superoxide anion (O(2)(.-)) production by the enzyme. Superoxides 122-126 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 0-4 11901190-7 2002 Furthermore, eNOS derived from endothelial cells exposed to elevated glucose produces more O(2)(.-), and, like eNOS purified from diabetic LDL receptor-deficient mice, contains less zinc and fewer SDS-resistant dimers. Superoxides 91-95 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 13-17 11901190-8 2002 Hence, eNOS exposure to oxidants including ONOO(-) causes increased enzymatic uncoupling and generation of O(2)(.-) in diabetes, contributing further to endothelial cell oxidant stress. Superoxides 107-111 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 7-11 12060262-1 2002 Recently, we have demonstrated that treatment of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) cell suspension culture with various salts result in an immediate burst of superoxide production via activation of NADPH oxidase by ions of alkali metals (Li+, Na+, K+), alkali earth metals (Mg2+, Ca2+) or lanthanides (La3+, Gd3+). Superoxides 152-162 respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein A-like Nicotiana tabacum 192-205 11834706-0 2002 Essential role of the NADPH oxidase subunit p47(phox) in endothelial cell superoxide production in response to phorbol ester and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Superoxides 74-84 milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing Mus musculus 44-47 11834706-0 2002 Essential role of the NADPH oxidase subunit p47(phox) in endothelial cell superoxide production in response to phorbol ester and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Superoxides 74-84 milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing Mus musculus 48-52 12905852-3 2002 Cytochrome b-245 (P22phox), which is a critical component of NADH/NADPH oxidase, plays an important role in electron transport and producing the superoxide anion. Superoxides 145-161 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 18-25 11796199-6 2002 The coincubation of *NO and 6-hydroxydopamine with either bovine serum albumin or alpha-synuclein led to tyrosine nitration of the protein, in a concentration dependent-manner and sensitive to superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 193-203 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 82-97 11781366-0 2002 Discrete generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide by T cell receptor stimulation: selective regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and fas ligand expression. Superoxides 23-33 T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional) Homo sapiens 59-74 11781366-0 2002 Discrete generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide by T cell receptor stimulation: selective regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and fas ligand expression. Superoxides 23-33 Fas ligand Homo sapiens 160-170 11781366-2 2002 In this study, we have shown for the first time that TCR cross-linking induced rapid (within 15 min) generation of both hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion, as defined with oxidation-sensitive dyes, selective pharmacologic antioxidants, and overexpression of specific antioxidant enzymes. Superoxides 142-158 T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional) Homo sapiens 53-56 11781366-3 2002 Furthermore, the data suggest the novel observation that superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide are produced separately by distinct TCR-stimulated pathways. Superoxides 57-73 T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional) Homo sapiens 132-135 11781366-4 2002 Unexpectedly, TCR-stimulated activation of the Fas ligand (FasL) promoter and subsequent cell death was dependent upon superoxide anion, but independent of hydrogen peroxide, while nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) activation or interleukin 2 transcription was independent of all ROS. Superoxides 119-135 T cell receptor beta variable 20/OR9-2 (non-functional) Homo sapiens 14-17 11781366-4 2002 Unexpectedly, TCR-stimulated activation of the Fas ligand (FasL) promoter and subsequent cell death was dependent upon superoxide anion, but independent of hydrogen peroxide, while nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) activation or interleukin 2 transcription was independent of all ROS. Superoxides 119-135 Fas ligand Homo sapiens 47-57 11781366-4 2002 Unexpectedly, TCR-stimulated activation of the Fas ligand (FasL) promoter and subsequent cell death was dependent upon superoxide anion, but independent of hydrogen peroxide, while nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) activation or interleukin 2 transcription was independent of all ROS. Superoxides 119-135 Fas ligand Homo sapiens 59-63 12685009-4 2002 The increasing ceruloplasmin level in this category of patients hampers the reduction of the activity of lipid peroxidation processes, which is apparently related not only to the direct cytotoxic viral effect but also to the negative effect of superoxide ions on the cell membrane. Superoxides 244-254 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 15-28 11813269-7 2002 The p91 and p47 components of the NADPH oxidase increase after IFN-gamma stimulation and may account for the enhanced superoxide generation. Superoxides 118-128 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 12-15 11813269-8 2002 Antisense experiments targeting p91 and p47 subunits abrogate the increased osteoclastic superoxide production stimulated by IFN-gamma. Superoxides 89-99 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 40-43 12455380-0 2002 [Cell surface peroxidase--generator of superoxide anion in wheat root cells under wound stress]. Superoxides 39-55 peroxidase-like Triticum aestivum 14-24 12455380-5 2002 Increase in superoxide production correlates with the enhancement of peroxidase activity at the application of organic acids and detergents. Superoxides 12-22 peroxidase-like Triticum aestivum 69-79 12455380-6 2002 The results obtained indicate that cell surface peroxidase is one of the main generators of superoxide in wounded wheat root cells. Superoxides 92-102 peroxidase-like Triticum aestivum 48-58 12455380-8 2002 By controlling superoxide and hydrogen peroxide formation, the cell surface peroxidase can control the adaptation processes in stressed plant cells. Superoxides 15-25 peroxidase-like Triticum aestivum 76-86 11591724-0 2001 Vibrio vulnificus cytolysin induces superoxide anion-initiated apoptotic signaling pathway in human ECV304 cells. Superoxides 36-52 perforin 1 Homo sapiens 18-27 11728811-0 2001 Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor ensures macrophage survival and generation of the superoxide anion: a study using a monocytic-differentiated HL60 subline. Superoxides 99-115 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-48 11728811-8 2001 Exogeneously administered GM-CSF rescued cells from necrotic death and caused them to survive and generate superoxide anions. Superoxides 107-124 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 26-32 11705402-1 2001 Activation of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase, a superoxide-generating enzyme, involves assembly of cytosolic p47(phox), p67(phox), and rac with the membrane-associated cytochrome b(558). Superoxides 45-55 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 106-109 11562367-0 2001 Opposite roles of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase-1 in superoxide generator diquat- and peroxynitrite-induced apoptosis and signaling. Superoxides 65-75 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 18-61 11562367-2 2001 We determined impacts of a selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1) on apoptosis induced by diquat (DQ), a ROS (superoxide) generator, and peroxynitrite (PN), a potent RNS. Superoxides 122-132 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 27-70 11562367-2 2001 We determined impacts of a selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1) on apoptosis induced by diquat (DQ), a ROS (superoxide) generator, and peroxynitrite (PN), a potent RNS. Superoxides 122-132 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 72-76 11562367-7 2001 In conclusion, it is most striking that, although GPX1 protects against apoptosis induced by superoxide-generator DQ, the enzyme actually promotes apoptosis induced by PN in murine hepatocytes. Superoxides 93-103 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 50-54 11714451-7 2001 Moreover, in these M-CSF-treated patients, the percentage of superoxide anion production by granulocytes was maintained at the level before chemotherapy. Superoxides 61-77 colony stimulating factor 1 Homo sapiens 19-24 11483596-2 2001 Here we describe a novel superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase referred to as NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5). Superoxides 25-35 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 76-91 11483596-2 2001 Here we describe a novel superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase referred to as NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5). Superoxides 25-35 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 93-97 11588326-0 2001 Superoxide during reperfusion contributes to caspase-8 expression and apoptosis after transient focal stroke. Superoxides 0-10 caspase 8 Mus musculus 45-54 11498280-0 2001 Superoxide-mediated early oxidation and activation of ASK1 are important for initiating methylglyoxal-induced apoptosis process. Superoxides 0-10 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 Homo sapiens 54-58 11498280-9 2001 These results suggest that activating ASK1 at the early stage linking to production of O(2)(-) is crucial for subsequent progression of apoptosis in MG-treated Jurkat cells. Superoxides 87-91 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 Homo sapiens 38-42 11443053-0 2001 Signaling by eNOS through a superoxide-dependent p42/44 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Superoxides 28-38 cyclin dependent kinase 20 Homo sapiens 49-52 11457772-3 2001 We assessed the effect of CD54 on eosinophils and neutrophils in recombinant granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rGM-CSF)- or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced superoxide production through CD18. Superoxides 180-190 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 77-125 11529661-3 2001 Since extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) protects tissues against the harmful effects of superoxide anion, the hypothesis that systemic adenovirus-mediated EC-SOD gene transfer could reduce liver damage was tested. Superoxides 98-114 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 6-40 11529661-3 2001 Since extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) protects tissues against the harmful effects of superoxide anion, the hypothesis that systemic adenovirus-mediated EC-SOD gene transfer could reduce liver damage was tested. Superoxides 98-114 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 42-48 11376634-1 2001 OBJECTIVE: Deamination products of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidases (SSAO), i.e. aldehydes, superoxide and ammonia have been shown to initiate vascular damage. Superoxides 98-108 amine oxidase copper containing 2 Homo sapiens 35-73 11376634-1 2001 OBJECTIVE: Deamination products of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidases (SSAO), i.e. aldehydes, superoxide and ammonia have been shown to initiate vascular damage. Superoxides 98-108 amine oxidase copper containing 2 Homo sapiens 75-79 11397907-6 2001 The level of p47(phox) subunit, an index of NADPH oxidase, the enzyme converting molecular oxygen to superoxide (O(. Superoxides 101-111 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 13-16 11437085-11 2001 Because EC-SOD is believed to be predominantly located in the extracellular space, these data implicate an adverse effect of extracellular superoxide anion on outcome from closed head injury. Superoxides 139-155 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 8-14 11678597-10 2001 Furthermore, we have assessed the effect of a single oral LD50 dose of chromium (VI) on female C57BL/6Ntac and p53-deficient C57BL/6TSG p53 mice on enhanced production of superoxide anion, lipid peroxidation and DNA fragmentation in the hepatic and brain tissues. Superoxides 171-187 transformation related protein 53, pseudogene Mus musculus 136-139 11278710-0 2001 The binding of oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to ox-LDL receptor-1 reduces the intracellular concentration of nitric oxide in endothelial cells through an increased production of superoxide. Superoxides 190-200 oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 Bos taurus 60-77 11278710-6 2001 In the presence of radical scavengers and anti-LOX-1 monoclonal antibody, O(2) formation induced by ox-LDL was reduced (p < 0.001) with a contemporary rise in intracellular NO concentration (p < 0.001). Superoxides 74-78 oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 Bos taurus 47-52 11278710-8 2001 The results of this study show that one of the pathophysiological consequences of ox-LDL binding to LOX-1 may be the inactivation of NO through an increased cellular production of O(2). Superoxides 180-184 oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 Bos taurus 100-105 11303730-11 2001 However, both combinations of PAF/lyso-PCs and lyso-PCs/PAF significantly augmented O2- production and PMN adherence. Superoxides 84-86 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 30-33 11303730-11 2001 However, both combinations of PAF/lyso-PCs and lyso-PCs/PAF significantly augmented O2- production and PMN adherence. Superoxides 84-86 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 56-59 11313892-0 2001 Elevated superoxide production by active H-ras enhances human lung WI-38VA-13 cell proliferation, migration and resistance to TNF-alpha. Superoxides 9-19 HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 41-46 11313892-2 2001 In this report, we set out to investigate the role of active H-ras-mediated superoxide production on tumor cell malignancy in a SV-40 transformed human lung WI-38 VA-13 cell line. Superoxides 76-86 HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 61-66 11313892-3 2001 Stable transfection and expression of constitutively active mutant V12-H-ras (V12-H-ras) dramatically increased intracellular production of superoxide. Superoxides 140-150 HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 71-76 11313892-3 2001 Stable transfection and expression of constitutively active mutant V12-H-ras (V12-H-ras) dramatically increased intracellular production of superoxide. Superoxides 140-150 HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 82-87 11313892-5 2001 Upon scavenging by superoxide dismutase and other molecules that decrease the intracellular level of active H-ras mediated superoxide production, cell proliferation, migration and resistance to TNF-alpha were significantly reduced. Superoxides 19-29 HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 108-113 11313892-6 2001 Furthermore, we demonstrated that the activation of membrane NADPH oxidase activity by expression of active H-ras contributed to the intracellular superoxide production. Superoxides 147-157 HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 108-113 11313892-7 2001 The causal relationship between membrane superoxide production and increased cell proliferation, migration, and resistance to TNF-alpha by the expression of active H-ras, has provided direct evidence to demonstrate that superoxide acts as an intracellular messenger to cascade ras oncogenic signal relay and to modulate tumor malignant activity. Superoxides 41-51 HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 164-169 11313892-7 2001 The causal relationship between membrane superoxide production and increased cell proliferation, migration, and resistance to TNF-alpha by the expression of active H-ras, has provided direct evidence to demonstrate that superoxide acts as an intracellular messenger to cascade ras oncogenic signal relay and to modulate tumor malignant activity. Superoxides 220-230 HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 164-169 11237717-4 2001 First, superoxide anions generated by hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase as well as hydrogen peroxide increased LOX-1 mRNA expression in cultured aortic endothelial cells. Superoxides 7-24 oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 Rattus norvegicus 111-116 11156851-11 2001 The principal source of increased superoxide generation in vein grafts is an NAD(P)H oxidase, expressed by intimal SMCs. Superoxides 34-44 NADPH oxidase 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 77-92 11156851-12 2001 These findings suggest a role for NAD(P)H oxidase-mediated superoxide production in the proliferative response to vascular injury in vein grafts. Superoxides 59-69 NADPH oxidase 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 34-49 11156938-0 2001 Genetic requirement of p47phox for superoxide production by murine microglia. Superoxides 35-45 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 23-30 11156938-4 2001 Here, we provide genetic evidence that p47phox, an essential component of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase, is required for superoxide anion release from microglia. Superoxides 119-135 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 39-46 11156938-6 2001 Endogenous p47phox was detected only in wild-type microglia, consistent with selective superoxide production in these cells. Superoxides 87-97 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 11-18 11156938-9 2001 Immuno-detection of p47phox in transduced cells confirmed that restoration of superoxide release correlated with production of recombinant protein. Superoxides 78-88 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 20-27 11289399-6 2001 G-CSF increased neutrophil superoxide production to 12.1 in diabetic patients with foot infections and to 19.8 in controls (p<0.05 for each). Superoxides 27-37 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 0-5 11139472-5 2001 CYP activity and O(2-) production, determined in microsomes prepared from cells overexpressing CYP 2C9, were almost completely inhibited by sulfaphenazole. Superoxides 17-22 cytochrome P450 family 2 subfamily C member 9 Homo sapiens 95-102 11201240-5 2001 Enzymatic removal of sialyl residues and the degradation of poly-N-acetyllactosaminyl sugar chains by pretreatment of PMNs with neuraminidase or endo-beta-galactosidase, respectively, lost their increasing ability for macrophage adhesion after oxidation with diamide, superoxide or t-butylhydroperoxide. Superoxides 268-278 galactosidase, beta 1 Mus musculus 150-168 11134896-7 2001 NAC can reduce Cu(II) to Cu(I) producing the radical NAC&z.rad;, which can generate the superoxide anion. Superoxides 92-108 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 0-3 11134896-7 2001 NAC can reduce Cu(II) to Cu(I) producing the radical NAC&z.rad;, which can generate the superoxide anion. Superoxides 92-108 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 53-56 11392115-1 2001 The main components of antioxidant enzyme system (AOS) are superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) catalyses the conversion of the superoxide anion. Superoxides 149-165 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 90-111 11392115-1 2001 The main components of antioxidant enzyme system (AOS) are superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GR) catalyses the conversion of the superoxide anion. Superoxides 149-165 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 113-115 11208759-7 2001 Simultaneous direct measurement of superoxide (O(2)(-)) detected by an O(2)(-)-sensitive microsensor revealed that the moderately Ang-(1-7)-stimulated NO release was accompanied by a very slow concomitant O(2)(-) production with a relative low peak concentration in comparison to the O(2)(-) production of the strong NO releasers bradykinin and, especially, calcium ionophore. Superoxides 35-45 angiogenin-1 Bos taurus 130-138 11208759-7 2001 Simultaneous direct measurement of superoxide (O(2)(-)) detected by an O(2)(-)-sensitive microsensor revealed that the moderately Ang-(1-7)-stimulated NO release was accompanied by a very slow concomitant O(2)(-) production with a relative low peak concentration in comparison to the O(2)(-) production of the strong NO releasers bradykinin and, especially, calcium ionophore. Superoxides 47-51 angiogenin-1 Bos taurus 130-138 11208759-7 2001 Simultaneous direct measurement of superoxide (O(2)(-)) detected by an O(2)(-)-sensitive microsensor revealed that the moderately Ang-(1-7)-stimulated NO release was accompanied by a very slow concomitant O(2)(-) production with a relative low peak concentration in comparison to the O(2)(-) production of the strong NO releasers bradykinin and, especially, calcium ionophore. Superoxides 47-54 angiogenin-1 Bos taurus 130-138 11208759-7 2001 Simultaneous direct measurement of superoxide (O(2)(-)) detected by an O(2)(-)-sensitive microsensor revealed that the moderately Ang-(1-7)-stimulated NO release was accompanied by a very slow concomitant O(2)(-) production with a relative low peak concentration in comparison to the O(2)(-) production of the strong NO releasers bradykinin and, especially, calcium ionophore. Superoxides 71-75 angiogenin-1 Bos taurus 130-138 11208759-7 2001 Simultaneous direct measurement of superoxide (O(2)(-)) detected by an O(2)(-)-sensitive microsensor revealed that the moderately Ang-(1-7)-stimulated NO release was accompanied by a very slow concomitant O(2)(-) production with a relative low peak concentration in comparison to the O(2)(-) production of the strong NO releasers bradykinin and, especially, calcium ionophore. Superoxides 71-75 angiogenin-1 Bos taurus 130-138 11208759-8 2001 Thus, Ang-(1-7) might preserve the vascular system, among others, due to its low formation of cytotoxic peroxynitrite by the reaction between NO and O(2)(-). Superoxides 149-153 angiogenin-1 Bos taurus 6-14 12525122-5 2001 RESULTS: In comparison with control, musk-1 at concentration 1-100 micrograms.ml-1 can increase superoxide anion production by 91.7%-291%, and decrease beta-glucuronidase and lysozyme release by 2.2%-58.1% and 3.9%-39.8%, respectively. Superoxides 96-112 muscle associated receptor tyrosine kinase Rattus norvegicus 37-41 11007780-1 2000 The superoxide (O(2))-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes consists of a membrane-associated flavocytochrome (cytochrome b(559)) and four cytosolic proteins, p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (Rac1 or -2). Superoxides 4-14 inhibitor of growth family member 1 Homo sapiens 168-171 11007780-1 2000 The superoxide (O(2))-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes consists of a membrane-associated flavocytochrome (cytochrome b(559)) and four cytosolic proteins, p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (Rac1 or -2). Superoxides 16-20 inhibitor of growth family member 1 Homo sapiens 168-171 11093939-5 2000 Scavenging O(2)(-) and related oxidants by superoxide dismutase plus catalase or N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and inhibiting Mox1 oxidase by diphenylene iodonium activated caspase 3-like proteases and markedly enhanced chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation. Superoxides 11-15 catalase Cavia porcellus 69-77 11053035-1 2000 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), the only known enzymatic scavenger of extracellular superoxide, may modulate reactions of nitric oxide (NO) in the lungs by preventing reactions between superoxide and NO. Superoxides 14-24 extracellular superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Oryctolagus cuniculus 36-42 11053035-1 2000 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), the only known enzymatic scavenger of extracellular superoxide, may modulate reactions of nitric oxide (NO) in the lungs by preventing reactions between superoxide and NO. Superoxides 97-107 extracellular superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Oryctolagus cuniculus 0-34 11053035-1 2000 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), the only known enzymatic scavenger of extracellular superoxide, may modulate reactions of nitric oxide (NO) in the lungs by preventing reactions between superoxide and NO. Superoxides 97-107 extracellular superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Oryctolagus cuniculus 36-42 11037884-10 2000 The requirement for this dual signal for PMN generation of O2- would serve as a regulatory mechanism to limit the production of O2- to a tissue environment where C1q, or some other stimulus, is colocalized with stromal cells bearing up-regulated ICAM-1. Superoxides 59-61 complement C1q A chain Homo sapiens 162-165 11037884-10 2000 The requirement for this dual signal for PMN generation of O2- would serve as a regulatory mechanism to limit the production of O2- to a tissue environment where C1q, or some other stimulus, is colocalized with stromal cells bearing up-regulated ICAM-1. Superoxides 128-130 complement C1q A chain Homo sapiens 162-165 11057460-6 2000 An increase in killing correlated with increases in production of superoxide (r = 0.96) and hydrogen peroxide (r= 0.97) by ALF neutrophils after incubation with 1,000 and 5,000 IU/ml of G-CSF when formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (fMLP) was the stimulant. Superoxides 66-76 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 186-191 11034409-0 2000 Capsaicin inhibits platelet-activating factor-induced cytosolic Ca2+ rise and superoxide production. Superoxides 78-88 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 19-45 11034409-3 2000 Capsaicin inhibited PAF-induced superoxide production in a concentration-dependent manner. Superoxides 32-42 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 20-23 11034409-11 2000 Both capsaicin and SK&F96365 also inhibited PAF-induced cytosolic superoxide generation in HL-60 cells differentiated by all-trans-retinoic acid. Superoxides 70-80 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 48-51 10993214-1 2000 We examined the effect of cytochalasin B (CB) or granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) on superoxide radical (O2-) production of neutrophils by phorbor myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulation. Superoxides 97-115 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 88-92 10993214-1 2000 We examined the effect of cytochalasin B (CB) or granulocyte colony stimulating factor (GCSF) on superoxide radical (O2-) production of neutrophils by phorbor myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulation. Superoxides 117-119 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 88-92 10993214-2 2000 It was observed that O2- generation of intact and GCSF-treated neutrophils by PMA-stimulation showed a lag during the early stage, and was largely inhibited by 1-(5-isoquinoline-sulfonyl)-3-methyl-piperazine (200 microm) or GF109203X (GFX) (0.2 microM), but not by ethanol (1%) and wortmannin (100 nM). Superoxides 21-23 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 50-54 10993214-4 2000 Although translocation of p47phox and p67phox to the membrane fraction by PMA-stimulation of intact and GCSF-treated neutrophils occurred in parallel with O2- production, that of CB-treated neutrophils by PMA-stimulation was not always proportional to O2- production. Superoxides 155-157 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 104-108 10993214-4 2000 Although translocation of p47phox and p67phox to the membrane fraction by PMA-stimulation of intact and GCSF-treated neutrophils occurred in parallel with O2- production, that of CB-treated neutrophils by PMA-stimulation was not always proportional to O2- production. Superoxides 252-254 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 104-108 10833511-4 2000 We now show that superoxide can inhibit endothelin-converting enzyme activity (ECE) and decrease endothelin-1 synthesis. Superoxides 17-27 endothelin converting enzyme 1 Homo sapiens 79-82 10833511-5 2000 Superoxide inhibits ECE but hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide do not. Superoxides 0-10 endothelin converting enzyme 1 Homo sapiens 20-23 10953023-7 2000 Aortic tissue from CBS(-/+) mice also demonstrated greater superoxide production and greater immunostaining for 3-nitrotyrosine, particularly on the endothelial surface. Superoxides 59-69 cystathionine beta-synthase Mus musculus 19-22 10922994-12 2000 MTP-PE administration increased macrophage superoxide production (20.6 +/- 2 vs 11.9 +/- 1.1 nmol/10(6) cells, P <.005). Superoxides 43-53 metallothionein 1B Homo sapiens 0-3 10886400-5 2000 PAF induced superoxide anion (O2-*) generation, leukotriene C4 (LTC4) release, intracellular calcium ion mobilization and tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple eosinophil proteins in a concentration-dependent manner. Superoxides 12-28 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 0-3 10886400-5 2000 PAF induced superoxide anion (O2-*) generation, leukotriene C4 (LTC4) release, intracellular calcium ion mobilization and tyrosine phosphorylation of multiple eosinophil proteins in a concentration-dependent manner. Superoxides 30-32 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 0-3 10767399-2 2000 In this paper, two novel steroidal saponins, timosaponins E1 and E2 were isolated from Anemarrhenae rhizoma, and the effects of these steroidal saponins on superoxide generation in human neutrophils were investigated. Superoxides 156-166 small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 73A Homo sapiens 58-67 10767399-3 2000 Timosaponins E1 and E2 significantly inhibited N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-induced superoxide generation in a concentration-dependent manner, but not that induced by arachidonic acid (AA). Superoxides 102-112 small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 73A Homo sapiens 13-22 10767399-5 2000 The superoxide generation induced by PMA with timosaponins E1 and E2 was suppressed by staurosporine, an inhibitor of protein kinase C, but was not suppressed by genistein, an inhibitor of protein tyrosine kinase. Superoxides 4-14 small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 73A Homo sapiens 59-68 10818443-6 2000 This contrasts with activation of the LXA4 receptor by an aspirin-triggered lipoxin A4 mimetic that before leukotriene B4 gave an inverse relationship with rapidly increasing PSDP levels, and inhibition of both PLD activity and superoxide generation. Superoxides 228-238 formyl peptide receptor 2 Homo sapiens 38-51 10727402-5 2000 (3) The 5-HT(1A) receptor alters cellular redox properties, and generates both superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 79-89 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A Homo sapiens 8-25 10727402-9 2000 Moreover, these experiments provide confirmation that the transfected human 5-HT(1A) receptor induces the production of ROS (superoxide and hydrogen peroxide) in CHO cells, and support the possibility that an NAD(P)H oxidase-like enzyme might be involved in the 5-HT-mediated generation of both superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 125-135 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A Homo sapiens 76-93 10727402-9 2000 Moreover, these experiments provide confirmation that the transfected human 5-HT(1A) receptor induces the production of ROS (superoxide and hydrogen peroxide) in CHO cells, and support the possibility that an NAD(P)H oxidase-like enzyme might be involved in the 5-HT-mediated generation of both superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 295-305 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 1A Homo sapiens 76-93 10725280-3 2000 METHODS AND RESULTS: An examination of aortic rings from wild-type mice and mice with homozygous targeted disruptions in p47(phox) revealed that p47(phox) knockout mice had a reduction in vascular superoxide production. Superoxides 197-207 milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing Mus musculus 121-124 10725280-3 2000 METHODS AND RESULTS: An examination of aortic rings from wild-type mice and mice with homozygous targeted disruptions in p47(phox) revealed that p47(phox) knockout mice had a reduction in vascular superoxide production. Superoxides 197-207 milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing Mus musculus 125-129 10725280-3 2000 METHODS AND RESULTS: An examination of aortic rings from wild-type mice and mice with homozygous targeted disruptions in p47(phox) revealed that p47(phox) knockout mice had a reduction in vascular superoxide production. Superoxides 197-207 milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing Mus musculus 145-148 10725280-3 2000 METHODS AND RESULTS: An examination of aortic rings from wild-type mice and mice with homozygous targeted disruptions in p47(phox) revealed that p47(phox) knockout mice had a reduction in vascular superoxide production. Superoxides 197-207 milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing Mus musculus 149-153 10720412-7 2000 Superoxide production and DNA strand breaks in arsenite-treated cells were also suppressed by transfecting antisense oligonucleotides of p22phox, an essential component of NADH oxidase. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 137-144 10634825-7 2000 uPA and uPAR mRNA expression was also induced by the incubation with xanthine and xanthine oxidase, a superoxide anion-generating system. Superoxides 102-118 plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor Homo sapiens 8-12 10580434-6 1999 In contrast, A23187-stimulated O2- production was higher (P < 0.01) in FR than CTR rats. Superoxides 31-33 calcitonin receptor Rattus norvegicus 82-85 10583446-2 1999 The nonglycosylated 22 kDa alpha-subunit of the NADH/NADPH oxidase (p22 phox) of the vasculature acts as the final electron transporter in the generation of superoxide anion. Superoxides 157-173 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 68-71 10586945-3 1999 This study was intended to determine whether retinal soluble proteins such as S-antigen and interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) play a role in the induction of *NO and superoxide by a macrophage cell line and by rat and rabbit peritoneal macrophages. Superoxides 183-193 S-antigen visual arrestin Rattus norvegicus 78-87 10586945-7 1999 Superoxide production was measured by superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of cytochrome C. RESULTS: Both S-antigen and IRBP induced significant, dose-dependent nitrite production in RAW 264.7 and rat peritoneal macrophages. Superoxides 0-10 S-antigen visual arrestin Rattus norvegicus 112-121 10586945-10 1999 S-antigen also induced superoxide production in rabbit peritoneal macrophages, but not in RAW 264.7. Superoxides 23-33 S-antigen visual arrestin Rattus norvegicus 0-9 10556204-7 1999 At the same time, PMN acquired sensitivity to the apoptosis-promoting effect of DT, which, moreover, specifically suppressed the GM-CSF-induced priming of formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-stimulated superoxide anion release. Superoxides 204-220 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 129-135 10540319-6 1999 The LPS-inducible superoxide production of TNF/LT-alpha(-/-) BMDM was impaired. Superoxides 18-28 lymphotoxin A Mus musculus 47-55 10515580-0 1999 Possible role of RAC-GTPase-activating protein in the termination of superoxide production in phagocytic cells. Superoxides 69-79 Rho GTPase activating protein 32 Homo sapiens 17-46 10515583-7 1999 These data suggest that the difference in initial diabetes induction between the groups is due to interception by EC-SOD of extracellular superoxide radicals produced by alloxan. Superoxides 138-148 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 114-120 10515583-10 1999 This low EC-SOD activity may contribute to the high alloxan susceptibility of beta-cells, and may also cause a high susceptibility to superoxide radicals produced by activated inflammatory leukocytes and in hyperglycemia. Superoxides 134-144 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 9-15 10563472-8 1999 Superoxide stimulated TNF-alpha secretion was inhibited by intracellular Ca2+-buffers (MAPT-AM and BAPT-AM) or VOC operating antagonists (diltiazem and verapamil) and only to a small extent by pharmacological inhibitors of ligand-gated pathways (TMB-8 and SKF 96368). Superoxides 0-10 microtubule associated protein tau Homo sapiens 87-91 10533294-5 1999 METHODS: In this study, we measured hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O2-) levels after stimulation by IL-1 plus IL-6 in cultured HMCs. Superoxides 57-59 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 116-120 10440830-2 1999 p22phox, an essential component of the NADPH oxidase, is thought to play a critical role in the generation of superoxide anions in the vessel wall. Superoxides 110-127 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 0-7 10496311-0 1999 Digestion of C1q collagen-like domain with MMPs-1,-2,-3, and -9 further defines the sequence involved in the stimulation of neutrophil superoxide production. Superoxides 135-145 complement C1q A chain Homo sapiens 13-16 10496311-0 1999 Digestion of C1q collagen-like domain with MMPs-1,-2,-3, and -9 further defines the sequence involved in the stimulation of neutrophil superoxide production. Superoxides 135-145 matrix metallopeptidase 1 Homo sapiens 43-63 10496311-1 1999 C1q, a subunit of the first component (C1) of the classical complement pathway, binds to neutrophils via its collagen-like region (C1q-CLR) stimulating superoxide production. Superoxides 152-162 complement C1q A chain Homo sapiens 0-3 10496311-1 1999 C1q, a subunit of the first component (C1) of the classical complement pathway, binds to neutrophils via its collagen-like region (C1q-CLR) stimulating superoxide production. Superoxides 152-162 complement C1q A chain Homo sapiens 131-134 10471451-7 1999 CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that superoxide radicals play an important role in the pathogenesis of delayed injury in the vulnerable hippocampal CA1 subregion after transient global ischemia. Superoxides 37-47 carbonic anhydrase 1 Mus musculus 148-151 10485600-8 1999 The presence of IFN-gamma in the lung 5 h after CLP correlated with a twofold increases in lung superoxide generation and MPO activity (index of neutrophil sequestration). Superoxides 96-106 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 16-25 10485600-12 1999 These results provide evidence that IFN-gamma may contribute to lung inflammation 5 h following CLP via increased production of superoxide. Superoxides 128-138 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 36-45 10448428-5 1999 We observe that 200 pM gp120 causes a significant accumulation of ROS, including superoxide, and of lipid peroxidation. Superoxides 81-91 inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 Homo sapiens 23-28 10362602-4 1999 Both superoxide (generated by xanthine oxidase plus hypoxanthine) and hydrogen peroxide were potent inducers of PAI-1, and hydroxyl radical scavengers completely abolished the TNF-alpha induction of PAI-1. Superoxides 5-15 serpin family E member 1 Homo sapiens 112-117 10362602-4 1999 Both superoxide (generated by xanthine oxidase plus hypoxanthine) and hydrogen peroxide were potent inducers of PAI-1, and hydroxyl radical scavengers completely abolished the TNF-alpha induction of PAI-1. Superoxides 5-15 serpin family E member 1 Homo sapiens 199-204 10401602-2 1999 Myoglobin has not been viewed as a participant but is present in relatively high concentrations in heart muscle and, even under normal conditions, undergoes reactions that generate met (Fe3+) species and also superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and other oxidants, albeit slowly. Superoxides 209-219 myoglobin Homo sapiens 0-9 10401621-0 1999 Nitric oxide and superoxide inhibit platelet-derived growth factor receptor phosphotyrosine phosphatases. Superoxides 17-27 myotrophin Rattus norvegicus 53-66 10416914-3 1999 Additionally, the in vitro influence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on the superoxide anion production was examined during the respiratory burst. Superoxides 105-121 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 40-88 10416914-3 1999 Additionally, the in vitro influence of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) on the superoxide anion production was examined during the respiratory burst. Superoxides 105-121 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 90-96 10369213-0 1999 Superoxide mediates the cell-death-enhancing action of presenilin-1 mutations. Superoxides 0-10 presenilin 1 Rattus norvegicus 55-67 10369213-2 1999 We report that PC6 neural cells (a subclone of PC12 cells) expressing PS-1 mutations (M146V and L286V) exhibit increased superoxide production, nitrotyrosine accumulation, and membrane lipid peroxidation following exposure to amyloid beta-peptide 1-42 (Abeta). Superoxides 121-131 presenilin 1 Rattus norvegicus 70-74 10369213-6 1999 The data suggest pivotal roles for superoxide production and resulting peroxynitrite formation in the pathogenic mechanism of PS-1 mutations. Superoxides 35-45 presenilin 1 Rattus norvegicus 126-130 10329707-10 1999 We provide evidence that Atx1p does not suppress oxidative damage by a metallochaperone mechanism but may directly consume superoxide. Superoxides 123-133 copper metallochaperone ATX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 25-30 10329707-11 1999 Purified Cu-Atx1p reacts noncatalytically with superoxide anion in vitro. Superoxides 47-63 copper metallochaperone ATX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 12-17 10072549-5 1999 Human eosinophils produced superoxide when stimulated with immobilized IgG, soluble IL-5, or PAF. Superoxides 27-37 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 93-96 10072549-8 1999 Furthermore, structurally distinct PAF antagonists, including CV6209, hexanolamine PAF, and Y-24180 (israpafant), inhibited IgG- or IL-5-induced superoxide production and degranulation. Superoxides 145-155 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 35-38 10072549-8 1999 Furthermore, structurally distinct PAF antagonists, including CV6209, hexanolamine PAF, and Y-24180 (israpafant), inhibited IgG- or IL-5-induced superoxide production and degranulation. Superoxides 145-155 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 83-86 10344630-0 1999 Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II inhibitors potentiate superoxide production in polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Superoxides 66-76 calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II gamma Mus musculus 0-43 10344630-1 1999 The possible role of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II) in superoxide anion (O2-) production induced by formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) was investigated in mouse polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Superoxides 78-94 calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II gamma Mus musculus 21-64 10344630-1 1999 The possible role of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II) in superoxide anion (O2-) production induced by formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) was investigated in mouse polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Superoxides 78-94 calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II gamma Mus musculus 66-73 10344630-1 1999 The possible role of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II) in superoxide anion (O2-) production induced by formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) was investigated in mouse polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Superoxides 96-99 calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II gamma Mus musculus 21-64 10344630-1 1999 The possible role of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMK II) in superoxide anion (O2-) production induced by formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) was investigated in mouse polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Superoxides 96-99 calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II gamma Mus musculus 66-73 10344630-2 1999 KN-93 and KN-62, specific CaMK II inhibitors, augmented FMLP-induced O2- production. Superoxides 69-71 calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II gamma Mus musculus 26-33 10344630-7 1999 These results suggest that the inhibition of CaMK II resulted in the augmentation of FMLP-induced O2- production in PMNs by a mechanism different from that of the augmentation shown by TNF-alpha. Superoxides 98-100 calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II gamma Mus musculus 45-52 10207544-8 1999 The mechanisms involved in the GM-CSF-mediated effect appeared to be mediated by (i) enhancement of phagocytic activity, (ii) increase of superoxide anion generation, and (iii) upregulation of CD11b/CD18 expression on the monocyte surface. Superoxides 138-154 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 31-37 10609886-0 1999 Superoxide production by dinitrophenyl-derivatized thioredoxin reductase--a model for the mechanism and correlation to immunostimulation by dinitrohalobenzenes. Superoxides 0-10 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 51-72 10609886-7 1999 Here it is proposed that the inflammatory components of this immunostimulation can be mediated by interaction with the thioredoxin system, via effects on cell function by superoxide production, oxidative stress and increased extracellular levels of thioredoxin. Superoxides 171-181 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 119-130 9864179-9 1999 GM-CSF- or TNF-induced superoxide (O2-) release was inhibited by p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting the possible involvement of p38 MAPK in GM-CSF- or TNF-induced O2- release. Superoxides 23-33 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-6 9864179-9 1999 GM-CSF- or TNF-induced superoxide (O2-) release was inhibited by p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting the possible involvement of p38 MAPK in GM-CSF- or TNF-induced O2- release. Superoxides 23-33 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 174-208 9864179-9 1999 GM-CSF- or TNF-induced superoxide (O2-) release was inhibited by p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting the possible involvement of p38 MAPK in GM-CSF- or TNF-induced O2- release. Superoxides 35-37 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-6 9864179-9 1999 GM-CSF- or TNF-induced superoxide (O2-) release was inhibited by p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) in a dose-dependent manner, suggesting the possible involvement of p38 MAPK in GM-CSF- or TNF-induced O2- release. Superoxides 35-37 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 174-208 10385482-5 1999 To solve this problem previously, we established an in vitro model that showed that cultured human mesangial cells (HMC) stimulated with interleukin-1 (IL-1) plus IL-6 can cause mesangial cell proliferation, increasing production of chemical mediators and superoxide anion. Superoxides 256-272 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 152-156 10368813-2 1999 BBI has previously been shown to suppress the release of superoxide anion radicals from purified polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Superoxides 57-82 LOC547785 Glycine max 0-3 10368813-3 1999 In the present study we evaluated the effect of BBI on the production of superoxide anion radicals in differentiated HL-60 cells. Superoxides 73-98 LOC547785 Glycine max 48-51 10368813-5 1999 Superoxide anion radical production by differentiated HL-60 cells was measured in the presence of various concentrations of BBI or BBI concentrate, a soybean extract containing high levels of BBI. Superoxides 0-24 LOC547785 Glycine max 124-127 10368813-5 1999 Superoxide anion radical production by differentiated HL-60 cells was measured in the presence of various concentrations of BBI or BBI concentrate, a soybean extract containing high levels of BBI. Superoxides 0-24 LOC547785 Glycine max 131-134 10368813-5 1999 Superoxide anion radical production by differentiated HL-60 cells was measured in the presence of various concentrations of BBI or BBI concentrate, a soybean extract containing high levels of BBI. Superoxides 0-24 LOC547785 Glycine max 131-134 10368813-6 1999 BBI was observed to suppress superoxide anion radical production by differentiated HL-60 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 29-53 LOC547785 Glycine max 0-3 10368813-8 1999 These results suggest that BBI inhibits superoxide anion radical generation in HL-60 cells but does not act as a simple free radical scavenger. Superoxides 40-64 LOC547785 Glycine max 27-30 10731095-2 1999 IDO is a unique enzyme in that it can utilize superoxide anion radical (O2*- ) as both a substrate and a co-factor. Superoxides 46-70 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 10731095-2 1999 IDO is a unique enzyme in that it can utilize superoxide anion radical (O2*- ) as both a substrate and a co-factor. Superoxides 72-76 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 10731095-3 1999 The latter role is due to the ability of O2*- to reduce inactive ferric-IDO to the active ferrous form. Superoxides 41-43 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 72-75 10731095-6 1999 Antioxidant activity may arise from O2*- scavenging by IDO and formation of the potent radical scavengers and Kyn pathway metabolites, 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid and 3-hydroxykynurenine. Superoxides 36-39 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 55-58 10216433-3 1999 These cells responded to fMLP or PAF with an increase in [Ca2+]i, associated with O2 production. Superoxides 82-84 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 33-36 10216433-4 1999 Deprivation or chelation of extracellular calcium induced a reduction of fMLP or PAF-induced [Ca2+]i rise and O2- production. Superoxides 110-112 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 81-84 10216433-6 1999 Chelation of intracellular calcium induced an inhibition of fMLP- or PAF-induced [Ca2+]i rise and a decrease in O2- production. Superoxides 112-114 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 69-72 9804763-2 1998 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytic cells is a multicomponent system containing a membrane-bound flavocytochrome b and a small G protein Rac as well as cytosolic factors p67(phox) (phagocyte oxidase), p47(phox), and p40(phox), which translocate to the membrane upon activation. Superoxides 4-14 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 227-230 9797345-6 1998 Inhibition of NADH/NADPH oxidase, which generates superoxide and H2O2, with diphenylene iodonium or apocynin decreased Ang II-induced MCP-1 mRNA accumulation. Superoxides 50-60 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Rattus norvegicus 134-139 9763465-7 1998 Caspase-3-like activity paralleled intracellular superoxide production, with peak activity seen after 8 hr. Superoxides 49-59 caspase-3-like Rattus norvegicus 0-14 9763465-8 1998 Treatment with the corresponding caspase-3-like protease inhibitor acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-aldehyde (10 microM) prevented the increase in caspase-3-like activity and staurosporine-induced nuclear fragmentation, but failed to prevent the rise in superoxide production and subsequent cell death. Superoxides 244-254 caspase-3-like Rattus norvegicus 33-47 9763465-8 1998 Treatment with the corresponding caspase-3-like protease inhibitor acetyl-Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-aldehyde (10 microM) prevented the increase in caspase-3-like activity and staurosporine-induced nuclear fragmentation, but failed to prevent the rise in superoxide production and subsequent cell death. Superoxides 244-254 caspase-3-like Rattus norvegicus 137-151 9763473-9 1998 These results suggest that superoxide radicals play a role in the delayed ischemic death of hippocampal CA1 neurons. Superoxides 27-37 carbonic anhydrase 1 Rattus norvegicus 104-107 9760260-0 1998 Ceruloplasmin copper induces oxidant damage by a redox process utilizing cell-derived superoxide as reductant. Superoxides 86-96 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 0-13 9856476-1 1998 A membrane-bound cytochrome b558, a heterodimer consisting of gp91-phox and p22-phox, is a critical component of the superoxide (O2-)-generating reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in phagocytes. Superoxides 117-127 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 76-84 9856476-1 1998 A membrane-bound cytochrome b558, a heterodimer consisting of gp91-phox and p22-phox, is a critical component of the superoxide (O2-)-generating reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in phagocytes. Superoxides 129-131 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 76-84 9766635-9 1998 TNF-alpha and GM-CSF priming of superoxide release stimulated by N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine was significantly attenuated by the MEK inhibitor, PD098059, and the p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580. Superoxides 32-42 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 14-20 9926619-1 1998 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) controls the availability of extracellular superoxide (O2.-), which is important for a variety of physiological pathways, including the primary means of inactivating nitric oxide (NO). Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 36-42 9926619-1 1998 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) controls the availability of extracellular superoxide (O2.-), which is important for a variety of physiological pathways, including the primary means of inactivating nitric oxide (NO). Superoxides 99-101 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 0-34 9926619-1 1998 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) controls the availability of extracellular superoxide (O2.-), which is important for a variety of physiological pathways, including the primary means of inactivating nitric oxide (NO). Superoxides 99-101 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 36-42 9926619-11 1998 The current finding that EC-SOD levels that were either higher or lower than controls impaired learning demonstrates that the proper control of brain extracellular O2.- may be more vital than merely reduction of brain extracellular O2.- in maintaining adequate learning function. Superoxides 164-166 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 25-31 9926619-11 1998 The current finding that EC-SOD levels that were either higher or lower than controls impaired learning demonstrates that the proper control of brain extracellular O2.- may be more vital than merely reduction of brain extracellular O2.- in maintaining adequate learning function. Superoxides 232-234 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 25-31 9715256-1 1998 Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in solution primes neutrophils for enhanced release of superoxide in response to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. Superoxides 80-90 interferon regulatory factor 6 Homo sapiens 20-23 9675145-3 1998 We therefore tested a more recently described chemiluminescence probe (2-methyl-6-phenyl-3,7-dihydroimidazol[1,2-alpha]pyrazine-3-one (CLA)) to estimate the ability of vascular tissue to generate *O-2 as an alternative to lucigenin. Superoxides 197-200 selectin P ligand Homo sapiens 135-138 9685645-0 1998 Superoxide radicals are mediators of the effects of methamphetamine on Zif268 (Egr-1, NGFI-A) in the brain: evidence from using CuZn superoxide dismutase transgenic mice. Superoxides 0-19 early growth response 1 Mus musculus 71-77 9685645-0 1998 Superoxide radicals are mediators of the effects of methamphetamine on Zif268 (Egr-1, NGFI-A) in the brain: evidence from using CuZn superoxide dismutase transgenic mice. Superoxides 0-19 early growth response 1 Mus musculus 79-84 9685645-0 1998 Superoxide radicals are mediators of the effects of methamphetamine on Zif268 (Egr-1, NGFI-A) in the brain: evidence from using CuZn superoxide dismutase transgenic mice. Superoxides 0-19 early growth response 1 Mus musculus 86-92 9685645-9 1998 These results indicate that superoxide radicals might play an important role in the activation of Zif268 after METH administration. Superoxides 28-38 early growth response 1 Mus musculus 98-104 9642219-2 1998 Superoxide generation by the neutrophil respiratory burst oxidase (NADPH oxidase) can be reconstituted in a cell-free system using flavocytochrome b558 and the cytosolic proteins p47(phox), p67(phox), and Rac. Superoxides 0-10 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 179-182 9658063-0 1998 Cell-permeable scavengers of superoxide prevent long-term potentiation in hippocampal area CA1. Superoxides 29-39 carbonic anhydrase 1 Rattus norvegicus 91-94 9614211-5 1998 These results indicate that hydroxyl radicals produced from superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of free iron, contribute to an increased MSR activity by stabilizing MSR-I mRNA. Superoxides 60-77 progestin and adipoQ receptor family member 7 Homo sapiens 157-160 9614211-5 1998 These results indicate that hydroxyl radicals produced from superoxide anions and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of free iron, contribute to an increased MSR activity by stabilizing MSR-I mRNA. Superoxides 60-77 progestin and adipoQ receptor family member 7 Homo sapiens 185-188 10189055-3 1998 This study evaluated the effects of mammalian tachykinins and selective tachykinin agonists and antagonists on human monocytes isolated from healthy donors: SP, NKA and NKB all evoked a dose-dependent superoxide anion (O2-) production and the NK2 selective agonist [beta-Ala8]-NKA(4-10) induced a full response. Superoxides 201-217 tachykinin precursor 3 Homo sapiens 169-172 10189055-3 1998 This study evaluated the effects of mammalian tachykinins and selective tachykinin agonists and antagonists on human monocytes isolated from healthy donors: SP, NKA and NKB all evoked a dose-dependent superoxide anion (O2-) production and the NK2 selective agonist [beta-Ala8]-NKA(4-10) induced a full response. Superoxides 219-221 tachykinin precursor 3 Homo sapiens 169-172 9626567-6 1998 In contrast, cells overexpressing G6PD were very sensitive to paraquat, a superoxide-producing herbicide. Superoxides 74-84 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 Mus musculus 34-38 9572303-7 1998 Sensitivity of the nitroblue tetrazolium reduction to superoxide dismutase indicated that the reduction of LY 83583 by NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase leads to superoxide generation. Superoxides 54-64 crystallin zeta Homo sapiens 127-149 9535829-3 1998 Wild-type and rad9 cells were treated with hydrogen peroxide or the superoxide-generating agent menadione. Superoxides 68-78 chromatin-binding protein RAD9 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 14-18 9554796-0 1998 Stereoisomer-specific inhibition of superoxide anion-induced rat aortic smooth-muscle cell proliferation by 17beta-estradiol is estrogen receptor dependent. Superoxides 36-52 estrogen receptor 1 Rattus norvegicus 128-145 9554796-8 1998 Therefore, these data indicate that 17beta-E, through an ER-dependent mechanism, specifically and significantly inhibited superoxide anion-mediated SMC proliferation in denuded rat aortic explants. Superoxides 122-138 estrogen receptor 1 Rattus norvegicus 57-59 9534963-2 1998 Superoxide anion production was significantly increased ex vivo in monocytes from patients receiving GM-CSF but not in those from patients receiving azithromycin alone. Superoxides 0-16 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 101-107 9534963-4 1998 Although no effect on mycobacteremia was detected, the administration of GM-CSF to AIDS patients with MAC bacteremia resulted in activation of their blood monocytes, as evidenced by increased superoxide anion production and enhanced mycobactericidal activity. Superoxides 192-208 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 73-79 9635370-6 1998 Neutrophils isolated from patients treated with G-CSF and stimulated with PMA produced less (superoxide anion) O2- after therapy. Superoxides 93-109 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 48-53 9635370-6 1998 Neutrophils isolated from patients treated with G-CSF and stimulated with PMA produced less (superoxide anion) O2- after therapy. Superoxides 111-113 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 48-53 9461621-2 1998 Anionic amphiphiles, such as arachidonate, activate the superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase in a cell-free system with human neutrophil membrane, which contains cytochrome b558 comprising gp91(phox) and p22(phox), and three cytosolic proteins: p47(phox) and p67(phox), each harboring two SH3 domains, and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 56-66 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 202-206 9461621-2 1998 Anionic amphiphiles, such as arachidonate, activate the superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase in a cell-free system with human neutrophil membrane, which contains cytochrome b558 comprising gp91(phox) and p22(phox), and three cytosolic proteins: p47(phox) and p67(phox), each harboring two SH3 domains, and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 56-66 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 212-215 9461621-2 1998 Anionic amphiphiles, such as arachidonate, activate the superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase in a cell-free system with human neutrophil membrane, which contains cytochrome b558 comprising gp91(phox) and p22(phox), and three cytosolic proteins: p47(phox) and p67(phox), each harboring two SH3 domains, and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 56-66 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 216-220 9461621-2 1998 Anionic amphiphiles, such as arachidonate, activate the superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase in a cell-free system with human neutrophil membrane, which contains cytochrome b558 comprising gp91(phox) and p22(phox), and three cytosolic proteins: p47(phox) and p67(phox), each harboring two SH3 domains, and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 56-66 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 253-256 9461621-2 1998 Anionic amphiphiles, such as arachidonate, activate the superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase in a cell-free system with human neutrophil membrane, which contains cytochrome b558 comprising gp91(phox) and p22(phox), and three cytosolic proteins: p47(phox) and p67(phox), each harboring two SH3 domains, and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 56-66 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 216-220 9461621-2 1998 Anionic amphiphiles, such as arachidonate, activate the superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase in a cell-free system with human neutrophil membrane, which contains cytochrome b558 comprising gp91(phox) and p22(phox), and three cytosolic proteins: p47(phox) and p67(phox), each harboring two SH3 domains, and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 56-66 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 216-220 9452441-1 1998 Nitric oxide (NO), a physiologically important activator of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC), is synthesized from L-arginine and O2 in a reaction catalyzed by NO synthases (NOS). Superoxides 127-129 guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 2 Rattus norvegicus 86-89 9337212-0 1997 Platelet-derived growth factor-stimulated superoxide anion production modulates activation of transcription factor NF-kappaB and expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in human aortic smooth muscle cells. Superoxides 42-58 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 143-177 9337212-11 1997 This PDGF-induced O2.- production may be involved in vascular lesion formation by mediating, at least in part, NF-kappaB activation and MCP-1 induction. Superoxides 18-20 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 136-141 9386357-3 1997 The PAM model suggested that TNF-alpha and GM-CSF could activate PAM to restrict the intracellular growth of the bacteria, probably not through the superoxide anion release, but through the myeloperoxidasae-halide system. Superoxides 148-164 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 43-49 9441913-1 1997 The reactions of two hydroxylamines, 1-hydroxy-3-carboxy-pyrrolidine (CP-H) and 1-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxo-piperidine (TEMPONE-H), with superoxide radicals and peroxynitrite were studied. Superoxides 145-164 carboxypeptidase E Homo sapiens 70-74 9441913-7 1997 Therefore, the quantification of the formation of superoxide radicals and of peroxynitrite is much less affected by ascorbic acid when CP-H, but not TEMPONE-H, is used. Superoxides 50-60 carboxypeptidase E Homo sapiens 135-139 9441913-11 1997 Hydroxylamines TEMPONE-H and CP-H can be used as nontoxic compounds in ESR assay capable of quantifying the formation of superoxide radicals and peroxynitrite in suspensions of cells and in the whole blood with high sensitivity. Superoxides 121-140 carboxypeptidase E Homo sapiens 29-33 9310604-11 1997 After 7 days" treatment, neutrophil superoxide production was significantly higher in the G-CSF group than in the placebo group (16.1 [4.2-24.2] vs 7.3 [2.1-11.5] nmol per 10(6) neutrophils in 30 min; p < 0.0001). Superoxides 36-46 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 90-95 9332317-4 1997 PMN treated with GM-CSF also displayed increased phagocytosis of latex particles and enhanced oxidative burst and superoxide anion release. Superoxides 114-130 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 17-23 9278333-5 1997 Furthermore, the TGF-beta1-induced M-CSF mRNA expression was inhibited by catalase, but not by superoxide dismutase, suggesting that H2O2 rather than superoxide anion (O2.-) is the primary mediator of the effects of TGF-beta1. Superoxides 150-166 colony stimulating factor 1 Homo sapiens 35-40 9278333-5 1997 Furthermore, the TGF-beta1-induced M-CSF mRNA expression was inhibited by catalase, but not by superoxide dismutase, suggesting that H2O2 rather than superoxide anion (O2.-) is the primary mediator of the effects of TGF-beta1. Superoxides 135-137 colony stimulating factor 1 Homo sapiens 35-40 9452772-5 1997 In the absence of endothelium (angioplasty), or in the case of endothelium dysfunction related to cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, heart failure, atherosclerosis or diabetes, EDRF synthesis is absent or defective and its oxidative catabolism in increased (particularity by superoxide anion), resulting in varying degrees of disorders of haemostasis (thrombosis) and/or arterial and venous vasomotor activity. Superoxides 286-302 alpha hemoglobin stabilizing protein Homo sapiens 188-192 9232205-7 1997 These findings suggest that O2- is generated by a NADPH oxidase-like enzyme system in mast cells and that this enzyme system is activated by arachidonic acid released by cytosolic phospholipase A2. Superoxides 28-30 phospholipase A2 group IVA Rattus norvegicus 170-196 9151791-5 1997 Topical application of a superoxide generating system increased albumin permeation and blood flow and these changes were markedly attenuated by VEGF antibody and NOS inhibitors. Superoxides 25-35 vascular endothelial growth factor A Rattus norvegicus 144-148 9151791-7 1997 These observations suggest a potentially important role for VEGF in mediating vascular dysfunction induced by "hypoxia-like" cytosolic metabolic imbalances (reductive stress, increased superoxide, and nitric oxide production) linked to increased flux of glucose via the sorbitol pathway. Superoxides 185-195 vascular endothelial growth factor A Rattus norvegicus 60-64 9192738-0 1997 Potentiation of chemotactic peptide-induced superoxide generation by CD38 ligation in human myeloid cell lines. Superoxides 44-54 CD38 molecule Homo sapiens 69-73 9192738-3 1997 In the present study, we found that the agonistic anti-CD38 mAb markedly potentiates superoxide generation stimulated by chemotactic formyl-Met-Leu-Phe receptors in the CD38-producing cells. Superoxides 85-95 CD38 molecule Homo sapiens 55-59 9192738-3 1997 In the present study, we found that the agonistic anti-CD38 mAb markedly potentiates superoxide generation stimulated by chemotactic formyl-Met-Leu-Phe receptors in the CD38-producing cells. Superoxides 85-95 CD38 molecule Homo sapiens 169-173 9192738-7 1997 These results indicate that the CD38-induced tyrosine phosphorylation has a cross-talk with the chemotactic receptor/G1-mediated signal transduction pathway resulting in the enhancement of superoxide generation, probably through the activation of PI 3-kinase. Superoxides 189-199 CD38 molecule Homo sapiens 32-36 9060453-1 1997 The NADPH oxidase that produces superoxide in professional phagocytic cells is a flavocytochrome b electron transport chain in the membrane, a heterodimer of gp91phox and p22phox, that is activated by a number of cytosolic proteins, including p47phox, p67phox, and the small GTP-binding protein p21rac, which translocate to the membrane and attach to the flavocytochrome on activation. Superoxides 32-42 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 171-178 9070876-1 1997 The reactions of new spin trap 1-hydroxy-3-carboxy-pyrrolidine (CP-H) with superoxide radicals and peroxynitrite were studied. Superoxides 75-94 carboxypeptidase E Homo sapiens 64-68 9070876-6 1997 During the reaction of CP-H and TEMPONE-H with superoxide radicals or peroxynitrite the stable nitroxide radicals 3-carboxy-proxyl (CP) and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-oxo-piperidinoxyl (TEMPONE) are formed. Superoxides 47-66 carboxypeptidase E Homo sapiens 23-27 9070876-8 1997 Therefore quantification of the formation of superoxide radicals and of peroxynitrite by CP-H is much less hindered by a variety of biological reductants than in case of TEMPONE-H. Superoxides 45-64 carboxypeptidase E Homo sapiens 89-93 9070876-9 1997 Thus, CP-H is more suitable for spin trapping of superoxide radicals and peroxynitrite in biological systems than the TEMPONE-H. Superoxides 49-68 carboxypeptidase E Homo sapiens 6-10 9378368-8 1997 Finally, light stimulated activities of pure PGHS-1 and PGHS-2 isozymes, and these were also shown to produce superoxide radical (detected with fluorogenic spin trap, proxyl fluorescamine). Superoxides 110-128 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 Sus scrofa 45-51 8943870-4 1996 PAF did not stimulate respiratory burst activity directly, but caused a rapid (maximal at 10 minutes) and concentration-dependent (EC50 50.2 nmol/L) increase in N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP)-stimulated superoxide anion release. Superoxides 219-235 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 0-3 8973571-9 1996 Furthermore, the interaction of LPS with cell-surface L-selectin results in superoxide production, indicating that L-selectin can mediate both binding and activation of human neutrophils. Superoxides 76-86 selectin L Homo sapiens 54-64 8973571-9 1996 Furthermore, the interaction of LPS with cell-surface L-selectin results in superoxide production, indicating that L-selectin can mediate both binding and activation of human neutrophils. Superoxides 76-86 selectin L Homo sapiens 115-125 8943402-3 1996 Replacement of residues Val264 or Asp265, in particular, results in reduced superoxide production triggered through human Fc gammaRI expressed on U937 cells. Superoxides 76-86 Fc gamma receptor Ia Homo sapiens 122-132 8939991-0 1996 The cytosolic component p47(phox) is not a sine qua non participant in the activation of NADPH oxidase but is required for optimal superoxide production. Superoxides 131-141 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 24-27 8939991-1 1996 The superoxide (O-2)-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes is a multicomponent complex consisting of a membrane-associated flavocytochrome (cytochrome b559), bearing the NADPH binding site and two redox centers (FAD and heme) and three cytosolic activating components: p47(phox), p67(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (1 or 2). Superoxides 4-14 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 270-273 8939991-1 1996 The superoxide (O-2)-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes is a multicomponent complex consisting of a membrane-associated flavocytochrome (cytochrome b559), bearing the NADPH binding site and two redox centers (FAD and heme) and three cytosolic activating components: p47(phox), p67(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (1 or 2). Superoxides 16-19 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 270-273 8939991-9 1996 p47(phox) appears to facilitate or stabilize the interaction of p67(phox) and, possibly, Rac1 with cytochrome b559, and is required for optimal generation of O-2 under physiological conditions. Superoxides 158-161 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 0-3 8930166-5 1996 Our pharmacological study suggests that, in neutrophil-like HL-60 cells, the signaling pathways leading to PMA-stimulated O2- generation appear to involve PKC, MAPK, phospholipase A2, arachidonic acid, PSP 1 and 2a and PTP. Superoxides 122-124 paraspeckle component 1 Homo sapiens 202-214 8826976-0 1996 High D-glucose-induced changes in endothelial Ca2+/EDRF signaling are due to generation of superoxide anions. Superoxides 91-108 alpha hemoglobin stabilizing protein Homo sapiens 51-55 8826976-8 1996 Like high D-glucose, pretreatment with the O2(-)-generating system, xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine, elevated bradykinin-stimulated Ca2+ release (+10%), Ca2+ entry (+75%), and EDRF (+73%). Superoxides 43-45 alpha hemoglobin stabilizing protein Homo sapiens 174-178 8826976-10 1996 This overshoot of O2- enhances agonist-stimulated Ca2+/EDRF signaling via a yet unknown mechanism. Superoxides 18-20 alpha hemoglobin stabilizing protein Homo sapiens 55-59 8921344-6 1996 PAM from V-exposed hosts were also inhibited in their ability to be primed by IFN gamma to produce superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide in response to stimulation with opsonized zymosan. Superoxides 99-115 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 78-87 8798426-5 1996 p67(phox)-(1-246), a truncated form of the protein which eliminates SH3 domains involved in binding to p47(phox), also supports superoxide generation, both in the presence and absence of p47(phox), providing further evidence for p47(phox) independent activity. Superoxides 128-138 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 103-106 8703027-7 1996 A mutant p47(phox) with this substitution is incapable of supporting superoxide production under cell-free activation conditions. Superoxides 69-79 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 9-12 8703027-7 1996 A mutant p47(phox) with this substitution is incapable of supporting superoxide production under cell-free activation conditions. Superoxides 69-79 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 13-17 8946701-1 1996 The in vitro effect of recombinant human Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (rh-GMCSF) on the leishmanicidal activity and superoxide anion productivity of macrophages derived from human blood monocytes (MOs) were investigated. Superoxides 136-152 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 94-99 8946701-8 1996 The priming effect of rh-GMCSF on superoxide anion production by human MOs stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was both dose-dependent and time-dependent. Superoxides 34-50 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 25-30 8946701-9 1996 In 72 hour-old human MOs, the maximum superoxide anion release was generated by MOs primed for 45 min with 500 U/mL of rh-GMCSF. Superoxides 38-54 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 122-127 8702551-10 1996 These findings indicate that both Mn-SOD and O2 may regulate the levels of a cellular oxidant involved in both basal and TNF-induced IL-1alpha expression, presumably superoxide. Superoxides 166-176 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 133-142 8840537-10 1996 These results suggest that low dose G-CSF effectively and safely mobilizes a sufficient quantity of PMN from GT-donors without excessive superoxide generation from the transfused cells. Superoxides 137-147 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 36-41 8760378-0 1996 Role of an aprotinin-sensitive protease in the activation of Ca(2+)-ATPase by superoxide radical (O2-.) Superoxides 78-96 pancreatic trypsin inhibitor Bos taurus 11-20 8760378-0 1996 Role of an aprotinin-sensitive protease in the activation of Ca(2+)-ATPase by superoxide radical (O2-.) Superoxides 98-100 pancreatic trypsin inhibitor Bos taurus 11-20 8760378-2 1996 We have investigated the role of an aprotinin-sensitive protease in regulating Ca(2+)-ATPase activity and Ca2+ uptake (ATP-dependent and Na(+)-dependent) in microsomes of bovine pulmonary vascular smooth muscle during treatment with the O2(-. Superoxides 237-239 pancreatic trypsin inhibitor Bos taurus 36-45 8760378-19 1996 These results suggest that an aprotinin-sensitive protease plays a pivotal role in regulating Ca(2+)-ATPase and Ca(2+)-uptake activities in microsomes of pulmonary vascular smooth muscle under oxidant O2(-. Superoxides 201-203 pancreatic trypsin inhibitor Bos taurus 30-39 8757214-11 1996 Finally, IL-5, IL-3, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and tumor necrosis factor- alpha, but not RANTES, also induced superoxide production from eosinophils. Superoxides 134-144 interleukin 3 Homo sapiens 15-19 8757214-11 1996 Finally, IL-5, IL-3, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and tumor necrosis factor- alpha, but not RANTES, also induced superoxide production from eosinophils. Superoxides 134-144 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 21-103 8694859-3 1996 However, inhibition of superoxide generation by neutrophils activated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), opsonized zymosan (OZ), and arachidonate (AA) only occurred with higher concentrations of propranolol, and coincided with decreased intracellular calcium fluxes, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity and synthesis of platelet-activating factor (PAF). Superoxides 23-33 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 320-346 8694859-3 1996 However, inhibition of superoxide generation by neutrophils activated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), opsonized zymosan (OZ), and arachidonate (AA) only occurred with higher concentrations of propranolol, and coincided with decreased intracellular calcium fluxes, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activity and synthesis of platelet-activating factor (PAF). Superoxides 23-33 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 348-351 8694859-5 1996 A mechanistic relationship between the anti-oxidative and membrane-stabilizing properties of propranolol was suggested by the observation that pretreatment of neutrophils with LPC or PAF eliminated the inhibitory effects of the drug on superoxide generation by PMA-activated neutrophils. Superoxides 236-246 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 183-186 8663333-2 1996 During activation, cytosolic proteins p47(phox), p67(phox), Rac2, and possibly p40(phox) translocate to the plasma membrane and associate with flavocytochrome b to form the active superoxide-generating system. Superoxides 180-190 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 38-41 8663333-2 1996 During activation, cytosolic proteins p47(phox), p67(phox), Rac2, and possibly p40(phox) translocate to the plasma membrane and associate with flavocytochrome b to form the active superoxide-generating system. Superoxides 180-190 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 42-46 8663342-4 1996 Both the specific pp1 inhibitor calyculin A (10 nM) and the pp2A inhibitor okadaic acid (10 microM) enhanced O2.- generation (185 +/- 24 and 189 +/- 35% of control, respectively, p < 0.0001 for both, n = 8), as reported previously. Superoxides 109-111 protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator Homo sapiens 60-64 8817290-2 1996 IDO is an antioxidant enzyme because it is a direct scavenger of superoxide radicals. Superoxides 65-75 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 8647914-0 1996 Methotrexate inhibits superoxide production and chemotaxis in neutrophils activated by granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Superoxides 22-32 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 87-124 8647914-1 1996 Treatment of circulating human neutrophils with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) for 30 min augmented superoxide generation and chemotaxis induced by N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) in a dose dependent manner. Superoxides 135-145 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 66-103 8663020-0 1996 Ceruloplasmin enhances smooth muscle cell- and endothelial cell-mediated low density lipoprotein oxidation by a superoxide-dependent mechanism. Superoxides 112-122 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 0-13 8796364-2 1996 Neutrophils from patients treated with nifedipine showed a significantly lower superoxide generation stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) (50 ng mL-1), opsonized zymosan (1 mg mL-1) or formyl-methionyl-leucylphenylalanine (FMLP) (10(-7) M), whereas superoxide generation by neutrophils of patients receiving diltiazem or verapamil showed only a slight and insignificant reduction compared with controls. Superoxides 79-89 L1 cell adhesion molecule Mus musculus 154-158 8615820-1 1996 (1) Treatment of resident peritoneal macrophages for 8 h with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) increased release of superoxide anion (O2-) stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Superoxides 128-144 colony stimulating factor 1 Homo sapiens 62-98 8615820-1 1996 (1) Treatment of resident peritoneal macrophages for 8 h with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) increased release of superoxide anion (O2-) stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Superoxides 128-144 colony stimulating factor 1 Homo sapiens 100-105 8615820-1 1996 (1) Treatment of resident peritoneal macrophages for 8 h with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) increased release of superoxide anion (O2-) stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Superoxides 146-148 colony stimulating factor 1 Homo sapiens 62-98 8615820-1 1996 (1) Treatment of resident peritoneal macrophages for 8 h with macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) increased release of superoxide anion (O2-) stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Superoxides 146-148 colony stimulating factor 1 Homo sapiens 100-105 8615820-3 1996 Immunoblot analysis with antibody against heat shock protein (HSP) 90, HSP70, or HSP60 demonstrated that M-CSF induced these stress-inducible HSPs; the timing of induction and level of each HSP correlated with the increase in O2- production. Superoxides 226-228 colony stimulating factor 1 Homo sapiens 105-110 8615820-5 1996 M-CSF also stimulated the synthesis of a heat shock cognate protein (HSC70); however, the induction occurred at 1 h, when O2- production was not yet augmented, but at which time L-[35S]methionine incorporation into cell proteins was already enhanced. Superoxides 122-124 colony stimulating factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 8616070-6 1996 In cells preincubated with GM-CSF, time- and dose-dependent priming of FMLP-stimulated PLA2 responses were observed and inhibition of PLA2 by mepacrine was accompanied by the inhibition of FMLP-stimulated superoxide production down to the level of unprimed cells. Superoxides 205-215 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 27-33 8616070-8 1996 These data suggest that a mepacrine-sensitive PLA2 may have a role in the GM-CSF mediated priming of superoxide production. Superoxides 101-111 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 74-80 8598289-2 1996 We demonstrate that transcription of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae MT gene CUP1 is strongly activated by the superoxide anion generator menadione. Superoxides 108-124 metallothionein CUP1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 74-78 8608807-1 1996 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), like granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimul ating factor (GM-CSF), rapidly primed human monocytes for enhanced release of superoxide (O-2) stimulated by receptor-mediated agonists, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and concanavalin A (Con A), but not by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), which bypasses the receptors to stimulate the cells. Superoxides 149-159 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 34-83 8608807-1 1996 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), like granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimul ating factor (GM-CSF), rapidly primed human monocytes for enhanced release of superoxide (O-2) stimulated by receptor-mediated agonists, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and concanavalin A (Con A), but not by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), which bypasses the receptors to stimulate the cells. Superoxides 149-159 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 85-91 8728118-8 1996 These results lead us to suggest that the mechanism of action of DAO involves the intermediate generation of superoxide radicals. Superoxides 109-119 D-amino acid oxidase Homo sapiens 65-68 8720667-0 1996 LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) and ICAM-1 (CD54) antibodies attenuate superoxide anion release from polymorphonuclear leukocytes in rats with experimental acute pancreatitis. Superoxides 58-74 integrin subunit alpha L Rattus norvegicus 0-5 8720667-1 1996 The inhibitive effects of anti-CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1) and anti-CD54 (ICAM-1) antibodies on the generation of superoxide anion (O2-) by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) was elucidated in rats induced with experimental acute pancreatitis. Superoxides 105-121 integrin subunit alpha L Rattus norvegicus 43-48 8641338-1 1996 Both monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF) and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) stimulated an increase in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and changes in intracellular pH (pHi) in human monocytes in parallel at lower concentrations and stimulated superoxide (O2-) release and changes in transmembrane potential in parallel at higher concentrations. Superoxides 272-282 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 5-47 8641338-1 1996 Both monocyte chemotactic and activating factor (MCAF) and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) stimulated an increase in cytoplasmic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and changes in intracellular pH (pHi) in human monocytes in parallel at lower concentrations and stimulated superoxide (O2-) release and changes in transmembrane potential in parallel at higher concentrations. Superoxides 284-286 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 5-47 8603994-0 1996 Alkyl-PAF and acyl-PAF human neutrophil priming for enhanced fMLP- and rC5a-induced superoxide anion production. Superoxides 84-100 complement C5 Rattus norvegicus 71-75 8603994-1 1996 Alkyl-PAF induced two components of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) priming for enhanced fMLP- and rC5a-induced superoxide anion (O2-) production. Superoxides 114-130 complement C5 Rattus norvegicus 101-105 8603994-1 1996 Alkyl-PAF induced two components of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) priming for enhanced fMLP- and rC5a-induced superoxide anion (O2-) production. Superoxides 132-134 complement C5 Rattus norvegicus 101-105 8906279-4 1996 As a consequence of inflammation, superoxide anion is liberated and serves as a substrate for IDO. Superoxides 34-50 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 94-97 8856246-8 1996 Superoxide also induced mRNA expression for MCP-1 on MC. Superoxides 0-10 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 44-49 8856246-10 1996 Since morphine activates MC to produce superoxide and DMTU attenuated the effect of superoxide on MC, the effect of morphine on the migration of macrophages may be mediated through superoxide-induced generation of MCP-1. Superoxides 84-94 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 214-219 8856246-10 1996 Since morphine activates MC to produce superoxide and DMTU attenuated the effect of superoxide on MC, the effect of morphine on the migration of macrophages may be mediated through superoxide-induced generation of MCP-1. Superoxides 84-94 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 214-219 8530499-0 1995 Localization of the site on the complement component C1q required for the stimulation of neutrophil superoxide production. Superoxides 100-110 complement C1q A chain Homo sapiens 53-56 8530499-6 1995 However, when C1q-CLR was incubated with trypsin under conditions permitting optimal cleavage, the ability of C1q-CLR to stimulate superoxide production in neutrophils was completely abrogated. Superoxides 131-141 complement C1q A chain Homo sapiens 14-17 8530499-6 1995 However, when C1q-CLR was incubated with trypsin under conditions permitting optimal cleavage, the ability of C1q-CLR to stimulate superoxide production in neutrophils was completely abrogated. Superoxides 131-141 complement C1q A chain Homo sapiens 110-113 8750888-9 1995 It is proposed that superoxide radicals affect spreading depression and brain edema produced by TBI and that this effect may either directly or indirectly modulate the expression of the c-fos and hsp70 genes after TBI. Superoxides 20-39 FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene Mus musculus 186-191 7559586-3 1995 That is, in the presence of cyt b5 a greater percentage of the reducing equivalents from NADPH were utilized to generate substrate metabolites, primarily at the expense of the side product, superoxide. Superoxides 190-200 cytochrome b5 type A Homo sapiens 28-34 7575484-1 1995 Selective antagonists of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) [e.g. ML-7; 1-(5-iodonaphthalene-1-sulphonyl)-1H-hexahydro-1,4-diazepine hydrochloride] were found to inhibit superoxide (O2-) release from stimulated neutrophils. Superoxides 168-178 myosin light chain kinase Homo sapiens 25-50 7575484-1 1995 Selective antagonists of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) [e.g. ML-7; 1-(5-iodonaphthalene-1-sulphonyl)-1H-hexahydro-1,4-diazepine hydrochloride] were found to inhibit superoxide (O2-) release from stimulated neutrophils. Superoxides 168-178 myosin light chain kinase Homo sapiens 52-56 7575484-1 1995 Selective antagonists of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) [e.g. ML-7; 1-(5-iodonaphthalene-1-sulphonyl)-1H-hexahydro-1,4-diazepine hydrochloride] were found to inhibit superoxide (O2-) release from stimulated neutrophils. Superoxides 180-182 myosin light chain kinase Homo sapiens 25-50 7575484-1 1995 Selective antagonists of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) [e.g. ML-7; 1-(5-iodonaphthalene-1-sulphonyl)-1H-hexahydro-1,4-diazepine hydrochloride] were found to inhibit superoxide (O2-) release from stimulated neutrophils. Superoxides 180-182 myosin light chain kinase Homo sapiens 52-56 7575484-4 1995 Interestingly, ML-7 also inhibited O2- production in a cell-free system derived from neutrophils at concentrations similar to those that were effective in vivo. Superoxides 35-37 solute carrier family 25 member 16 Homo sapiens 15-19 7671238-5 1995 These thioredoxin antisense transfectants showed increased sensitivity to cisplatin and also to other superoxide-generating agents, i.e., doxorubicin, mitomycin C, etoposide, and hydrogen peroxide, as well as to UV irradiation, but not to the tubulin-targeting agents, vincristine, and colchicine. Superoxides 102-112 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 6-17 7671238-6 1995 Cellular levels of thioredoxin thus appear to limit sensitivity to various superoxide-generating anticancer drugs in cancer cells. Superoxides 75-85 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 19-30 7643088-4 1995 Two types of superoxide scavengers, Cu2+/Zn2+ superoxide dismutase and ceruloplasmin, significantly reduced the increase in [3H]-GABA release induced by both SNP and SNAP, which assumes that NO requires superoxide to induce [3H]-GABA release from the neurons. Superoxides 13-23 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 71-84 7603981-1 1995 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD; superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) is a secreted Cu- and Zn-containing tetrameric glycoprotein, the bulk of which is bound to heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the interstitium of tissues. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 36-42 7476028-5 1995 In addition, superoxide anion scavengers such as superoxide dismutase and ceruloplasmin significantly reduced the increased ACh release evoked by NMDA and SNP. Superoxides 13-29 ceruloplasmin Mus musculus 74-87 7579062-0 1995 Elevated superoxide generation in mononuclear phagocytes by treatment with 1 alpha hydroxyvitamin D3: changes in kinetics and in oxidase cytosolic factor p47. Superoxides 9-19 inhibitor of growth family member 1 Homo sapiens 154-157 8571587-1 1995 A platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonist was found to inhibit superoxide production in the leukocytes of patients with type IIA hypercholesterolemia. Superoxides 67-77 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 2-28 8571587-1 1995 A platelet-activating factor (PAF) antagonist was found to inhibit superoxide production in the leukocytes of patients with type IIA hypercholesterolemia. Superoxides 67-77 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 30-33 8571587-3 1995 The PAF-antagonist-induced inhibition of superoxide production was observed in the leukocytes from hypercholesterolemic patients whose plasma cholesterol levels varied from 8.3 to 14.0 mmole/l. Superoxides 41-51 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 4-7 7564571-0 1995 Superoxide generation by alveolar macrophages from aged rats: improvement by in vitro treatment with IFN-gamma. Superoxides 0-10 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 101-110 7564571-6 1995 However, AM from aged rats were primed with in vitro treatment with IFN-gamma for increased rate of O2- production to an equivalent level of that by AM from young animals. Superoxides 100-102 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 68-77 8542540-10 1995 Superoxide is, at least partially, responsible for the vasoconstrictor response to C5a in the presence of N-Arg. Superoxides 0-10 complement C5 Rattus norvegicus 83-86 7731983-8 1995 Loss of ATX1 function rendered both mutant and wild-type SOD strains hypersensitive toward paraquat (a generator of superoxide anion) and was also associated with an increased sensitivity toward hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 116-132 copper metallochaperone ATX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 8-12 7731983-9 1995 Hence, ATX1 protects cells against the toxicity of both superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 56-72 copper metallochaperone ATX1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 7-11 7706751-0 1995 TNF-induced superoxide anion production in adherent human neutrophils involves both the p55 and p75 TNF receptor. Superoxides 12-28 TNF receptor superfamily member 1A Homo sapiens 88-91 7706751-3 1995 Two mAbs reacting with TNF-R55 (H398 and TBP2) induced O2 release in a similar manner but to a lesser extent than TNF. Superoxides 55-57 TNF receptor superfamily member 1A Homo sapiens 23-30 7606349-7 1995 Similarly, the EP1-receptor agonist, 17-phenyl PGE2 (10 microM), and the EP3/EP1-receptor agonist, sulprostone (10 microM), also inhibited O2- generation, causing 32.2 +/- 7.0% and 15.3 +/- 3.4% inhibition respectively. Superoxides 139-141 prostaglandin E receptor 1 Homo sapiens 15-18 7712674-5 1995 RESULTS: Superoxide generation induced by the stimulating agents increased significantly, reaching a peak after 12 hours (+116% [p < 0.001] for fMLP and +66% [p < 0.05] for PAF). Superoxides 9-19 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 179-182 7890694-1 1995 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex in phagocytic cells is constituted of a heterodimeric flavocytochrome b and cytosolic factors, p67phox, p47phox and p40phox as well as a small G protein Rac (for review, see Refs. Superoxides 4-14 neutrophil cytosolic factor 4 Homo sapiens 164-171 7584671-1 1995 The influence of CSF therapy on the superoxide (O2-) releasing capacity in response to N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) of neutrophils from 32 patients with testicular cancer receiving high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) was assessed: 8 patients were treated as control group without CSF therapy, 12 patients received GM-CSF, and 12 patients received G-CSF. Superoxides 36-46 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 17-20 7584671-3 1995 Neutrophils from patients who received GM-CSF showed a significantly higher superoxide anion release compared with control patients (p < 0.001). Superoxides 76-92 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 39-45 7584671-7 1995 In vitro preincubation of neutrophils from the same patients with GM-CSF, G-CSF, or TNF showed that O2- production by neutrophils from patients receiving GM-CSF could not be further enhanced, whereas O2- production by neutrophils derived from patients receiving G-CSF could be further augmented by TNF but not by GM-CSF. Superoxides 100-102 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 66-72 7584671-7 1995 In vitro preincubation of neutrophils from the same patients with GM-CSF, G-CSF, or TNF showed that O2- production by neutrophils from patients receiving GM-CSF could not be further enhanced, whereas O2- production by neutrophils derived from patients receiving G-CSF could be further augmented by TNF but not by GM-CSF. Superoxides 100-102 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 74-79 7584671-7 1995 In vitro preincubation of neutrophils from the same patients with GM-CSF, G-CSF, or TNF showed that O2- production by neutrophils from patients receiving GM-CSF could not be further enhanced, whereas O2- production by neutrophils derived from patients receiving G-CSF could be further augmented by TNF but not by GM-CSF. Superoxides 100-102 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 154-160 7584671-7 1995 In vitro preincubation of neutrophils from the same patients with GM-CSF, G-CSF, or TNF showed that O2- production by neutrophils from patients receiving GM-CSF could not be further enhanced, whereas O2- production by neutrophils derived from patients receiving G-CSF could be further augmented by TNF but not by GM-CSF. Superoxides 100-102 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 154-160 7745500-5 1995 Taken together, these results strongly suggest that mesangial cell proliferation and increased production of immune/chemical mediators and superoxide anion can be directly induced by IL-1 plus IL-6. Superoxides 139-155 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 183-187 7739782-4 1995 Two types of superoxide scavengers, Cu2+, Zn2+ superoxide dismutase and ceruloplasmin, significantly reduced the NO-evoked ACh release. Superoxides 13-23 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 72-85 7749065-3 1995 Anti-TNF-RI but not anti-TNF-RII antibody stimulated the superoxide release mimicking LT. Release of the elastase from azurophilic granule of PMN was augmented by LT in vitro. Superoxides 57-67 TNF receptor superfamily member 1A Homo sapiens 5-11 7658912-8 1995 These observations suggested that sodium beraprost inhibited fMLP induced superoxide generation of human neutrophils by the inhibition of p47phox phosphorylation and translocation by a Ca2+ dependent mechanism. Superoxides 74-84 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 138-141 7535420-0 1995 Chronic neutropenia and defect in superoxide generation of granulocytes in two patients: enhancement of bactericidal capacity and respiratory burst activity by treatment with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Superoxides 34-44 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 193-230 7535420-7 1995 These data suggested that recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor treatment enhanced resistance to bacterial infection by stimulation of superoxide generation and increasing the bactericidal capacity of peripheral blood granulocytes. Superoxides 153-163 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 44-81 7528241-5 1994 Our results suggest that both tyrosinase and thioredoxin reductase respond to oxidative stress in the epidermis as well as in melanoma cells and react with superoxide anion radicals to stimulate melanogenesis and to prevent peroxidative damage, respectively. Superoxides 156-181 tyrosinase Mus musculus 30-40 7979944-9 1994 Interleukin 6 (10 ng/mL) combined with a nonpriming concentration of PAF (0.1 ng/mL) primed PMNs for superoxide production over a range of incubation times. Superoxides 101-111 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 69-72 7835978-4 1994 Superoxide anions generated during the processing of IC-C1q were entrapped in phagosomes and were not released from neutrophils. Superoxides 0-17 complement C1q A chain Homo sapiens 56-59 7835978-7 1994 Thus, C1q may have two effects on the processing of IC by neutrophils; firstly, it enhances FcR-mediated cellular responses, and secondly, it prevents superoxide anion-induced tissue damage by trapping superoxide anions in phagosomes. Superoxides 151-167 complement C1q A chain Homo sapiens 6-9 7835978-7 1994 Thus, C1q may have two effects on the processing of IC by neutrophils; firstly, it enhances FcR-mediated cellular responses, and secondly, it prevents superoxide anion-induced tissue damage by trapping superoxide anions in phagosomes. Superoxides 202-219 complement C1q A chain Homo sapiens 6-9 7849611-5 1994 This fact is supported by the increased production of superoxide when the cells were treated with NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (NGMMA) in addition to stimulation with rIFN-gamma and LPS. Superoxides 54-64 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 163-173 7981927-2 1994 It is known that in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), the phorbol ester-induced generation of superoxide anion (respiratory burst) is effectively inhibited by STAR in a dose-dependent manner, whereas superoxide generation induced by chemoattractants, e.g. n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) or PAF, is regulated biphasically by STAR. Superoxides 103-119 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 315-318 7981927-2 1994 It is known that in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs), the phorbol ester-induced generation of superoxide anion (respiratory burst) is effectively inhibited by STAR in a dose-dependent manner, whereas superoxide generation induced by chemoattractants, e.g. n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) or PAF, is regulated biphasically by STAR. Superoxides 103-113 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 315-318 7517218-8 1994 Transduction of gp91phox or p22phox-deficient CGD EBV-B lines resulted in correction of O2-. Superoxides 88-90 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 28-35 8028054-10 1994 The increase in quantity of p47 correlated with the increase in superoxide production during sepsis, and thus may be the major contributor to the high activity. Superoxides 64-74 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 28-31 8016076-6 1994 Significantly we found that E21R and E21K antagonized the proliferative effect of GM-CSF on the erythroleukemic cell line TF-1 and primary acute myeloid leukemias, as well as GM-CSF-mediated stimulation of neutrophil superoxide production. Superoxides 217-227 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 82-88 8016076-6 1994 Significantly we found that E21R and E21K antagonized the proliferative effect of GM-CSF on the erythroleukemic cell line TF-1 and primary acute myeloid leukemias, as well as GM-CSF-mediated stimulation of neutrophil superoxide production. Superoxides 217-227 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 175-181 8201270-5 1994 Although superoxide anions oxidize alpha 1-Pl and reduce its affinity for CAT-G and HLE, maneuvers aimed at modifying their concentrations did not modify the loss of CAT-G and HLE. Superoxides 9-26 cathepsin G Homo sapiens 74-79 8141770-3 1994 Activation of superoxide production by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine in whole cells, and by SDS in the cell-free assay, led to the dissociation of some of the p21rac2 from rhoGDI and its movement to the plasma membrane together with p47phox and p67phox. Superoxides 14-24 Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor alpha Homo sapiens 214-220 8117710-8 1994 Superoxide-generating activity was subsequently reconstituted by adding pure rp67-phox and partially purified p21rac. Superoxides 0-10 NIMA related kinase 2 Homo sapiens 77-81 8117710-9 1994 RGVHFIF inhibited superoxide production if added to the cell-free system during preincubation of rp47-phox with membrane. Superoxides 18-28 S-antigen visual arrestin Homo sapiens 97-101 7915871-8 1994 Finally, neutrophils plated on FN in the presence of anti-CD18 MoAbs and then washed, i.e. adherent cells blocked in their surface CD18 molecules, released O2- after adding TNF-alpha but only in the absence of additional anti-CD18 MoAbs. Superoxides 156-158 lymphotoxin beta receptor Homo sapiens 58-62 8117331-2 1994 In the spectrophotometric assay of cytochrome c reduction, superoxide (O2-) generation by neutrophils stimulated with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (f-MLP) was reduced significantly when biotin was added. Superoxides 59-69 MARCKS like 1 Homo sapiens 161-164 8117331-3 1994 In the CLA-dependent chemiluminescence test of neutrophils stimulated by f-MLP, biotin significantly reduced the generation of free radical species, including O2-, in a concentration-dependent manner, the concentration corresponding to 50% inhibition (IC50) of biotin for free radical generation was 1.12 x 10(-7) mol. Superoxides 159-162 selectin P ligand Homo sapiens 7-10 8301209-8 1994 Furthermore, regulation of superoxide anion release in AM and IM by LPS and/or IFN-gamma was distinct. Superoxides 27-43 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 79-88 8003629-9 1994 Recombinant, human IL-1 (rhIL-1) was shown to prime haemocytes from both resistant snail strains for superoxide production, but had no effect on haemocytes from susceptible B. glabrata. Superoxides 101-111 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 19-23 8262614-2 1994 Secretion of O2- and killing of E. coli by PMN from both young and old rats can be significantly augmented by preincubation with either 250 U of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) or 250 ng of growth hormone (GH) per ml. Superoxides 13-15 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 145-172 8262614-3 1994 This priming is specific, because neutralizing monoclonal antibodies against either IFN-gamma or GH completely abrogate the enhanced O2- secretion by PMN from young rats. Superoxides 133-135 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 84-93 8262614-6 1994 PMN from GH3-treated aged rats, but not control aged rats, could now be primed in vitro for O2- secretion by IFN-gamma (25 U/ml). Superoxides 92-94 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 109-118 7902790-2 1993 The O2- production, but not the cell adherence to FN, was completely inhibited by two MoAbs against CD18 and by a MoAb against CD11b, suggesting the involvement of CD11b-CD18 integrins in the neutrophil oxidative response. Superoxides 4-6 lymphotoxin beta receptor Homo sapiens 100-104 7902790-2 1993 The O2- production, but not the cell adherence to FN, was completely inhibited by two MoAbs against CD18 and by a MoAb against CD11b, suggesting the involvement of CD11b-CD18 integrins in the neutrophil oxidative response. Superoxides 4-6 lymphotoxin beta receptor Homo sapiens 170-174 8245530-4 1993 Preincubation of neutrophils with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rHuGM-CSF) increased superoxide production in neutrophils stimulated with pneumocysts from 7.0 to 9.6 fmol/cell/20 min; however, the production in unstimulated cells increased by the same amount. Superoxides 123-133 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 52-100 8245781-0 1993 Restitution of superoxide generation in autosomal cytochrome-negative chronic granulomatous disease (A22(0) CGD)-derived B lymphocyte cell lines by transfection with p22phax cDNA. Superoxides 15-25 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 166-169 8288022-0 1993 The mechanism of interaction of ceruloplasmin with superoxide radicals. Superoxides 51-61 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 32-45 21573453-2 1993 To determine if proliferin gene expression is influenced by reactive oxygen species, superoxide radicals were generated in culture by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase couple. Superoxides 85-95 prolactin family 2, subfamily c, member 2 Mus musculus 16-26 21573453-3 1993 The 1 kb cytoplasmic proliferin transcript accumulated up to ten-fold following extracellular superoxide production. Superoxides 94-104 prolactin family 2, subfamily c, member 2 Mus musculus 21-31 21573453-8 1993 The results support a mechanism for tumour promoter-induced proliferin gene expression that involves a response to superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide or other shifts in the cellular equilibrium between pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant moieties. Superoxides 115-132 prolactin family 2, subfamily c, member 2 Mus musculus 60-70 8409449-2 1993 Exposure to LPS, platelet-activating factor, certain cytokines, and other agents can prime human neutrophils for an increased release of superoxide anion (O2-) in response to stimuli. Superoxides 137-153 interferon regulatory factor 6 Homo sapiens 12-15 8409449-2 1993 Exposure to LPS, platelet-activating factor, certain cytokines, and other agents can prime human neutrophils for an increased release of superoxide anion (O2-) in response to stimuli. Superoxides 155-158 interferon regulatory factor 6 Homo sapiens 12-15 8409449-3 1993 Previous work with LPS has suggested that priming may involve alterations in signal transduction pathways related to the release of O2-. Superoxides 132-134 interferon regulatory factor 6 Homo sapiens 19-22 8250232-1 1993 An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed using polyclonal antibodies raised against two cytosolic proteins of 47 kDa (p47) and 67 kDa (p67) which behave as activation factors for the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase of neutrophils at the onset of phagocytosis. Superoxides 206-216 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 141-144 8221964-12 1993 Cytotoxicity results from the 1e- redox-cycling of the PAH-o-quinone, concomittant production of superoxide anion and a subsequent alteration in redoxstate. Superoxides 97-113 phenylalanine hydroxylase Rattus norvegicus 55-58 8223583-11 1993 Monomeric rac1 p21, obtained by these procedures, was able to stimulate cell-free O2- generation. Superoxides 82-84 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 15-18 8229768-2 1993 The purpose of this investigation was to study the role of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), arachidonic acid (AA), its metabolites, and protein kinase C (PKC) in the mechanism of PMA-stimulated O2- generation of liver infiltrated PMN as compared to circulating blood PMN. Superoxides 186-188 phospholipase A2 group IB Rattus norvegicus 59-75 8229768-2 1993 The purpose of this investigation was to study the role of phospholipase A2 (PLA2), arachidonic acid (AA), its metabolites, and protein kinase C (PKC) in the mechanism of PMA-stimulated O2- generation of liver infiltrated PMN as compared to circulating blood PMN. Superoxides 186-188 phospholipase A2 group IB Rattus norvegicus 77-81 7690799-0 1993 Activated platelets induce superoxide anion release by monocytes and neutrophils through P-selectin (CD62). Superoxides 27-43 selectin P Homo sapiens 89-99 7690799-0 1993 Activated platelets induce superoxide anion release by monocytes and neutrophils through P-selectin (CD62). Superoxides 27-43 selectin P Homo sapiens 101-105 7690799-8 1993 The enhanced superoxide anion production was inhibited by anti-P-selectin antibody, anti-sialyl-Lewis X antibody, or a soluble recombinant P-selectin fusion protein. Superoxides 13-29 selectin P Homo sapiens 63-73 7690799-8 1993 The enhanced superoxide anion production was inhibited by anti-P-selectin antibody, anti-sialyl-Lewis X antibody, or a soluble recombinant P-selectin fusion protein. Superoxides 13-29 selectin P Homo sapiens 139-149 8396850-9 1993 These GM-CSF-induced changes in stimulated cytokine and superoxide anion release could not be reproduced by treating monocytes with rhGM-CSF in vitro. Superoxides 56-72 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 6-12 8392911-2 1993 Four days after the administration to mice of small amounts of platonin (20-40 ng/mouse), peritoneal macrophages exhibited greatly enhanced Fc-receptor-mediated phagocytic and superoxide-generating capacities. Superoxides 176-186 Fc receptor Mus musculus 140-151 8403161-5 1993 Superoxide anion was measured by the reduction of cytochrome C, hydrogen peroxide by the horse radish peroxidase catalysed oxidation of phenol red, and myeloperoxidase by the turnover of 2,2"-azino-di(3-ethylbenzthiazoline) sulfonic acid. Superoxides 0-16 cytochrome c, somatic Equus caballus 50-62 7689123-0 1993 [Effects of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor on superoxide production by neutrophil in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy]. Superoxides 71-81 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 30-67 8391055-0 1993 Recombinant bovine GM-CSF primes superoxide production but not degranulation induced by recombinant bovine interleukin-1 beta in bovine neutrophils. Superoxides 33-43 colony stimulating factor 2 Bos taurus 19-25 8391055-5 1993 Furthermore, pretreatment of cells with recombinant bovine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (r-BoGM-CSF) enhanced both superoxide production and beta-glucosaminidase release induced by PAF. Superoxides 135-145 colony stimulating factor 2 Bos taurus 59-107 7685446-11 1993 The contraction may be mediated through inactivation of basal production of EDRF (NO) by superoxide anions released from PMNL. Superoxides 89-106 alpha hemoglobin stabilizing protein Homo sapiens 76-80 8386028-7 1993 In single patients cultivation of monocytes with IL-6 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor resulted in only slight improvement of superoxide production. Superoxides 146-156 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 58-106 7681704-8 1993 Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) and interleukin-3 (rhIL-3) displayed much smaller effects on pure PMNs and mixed PMN-MNL chemiluminescence and superoxide release than rhGM-CSF. Superoxides 177-187 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 18-55 7681704-8 1993 Recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) and interleukin-3 (rhIL-3) displayed much smaller effects on pure PMNs and mixed PMN-MNL chemiluminescence and superoxide release than rhGM-CSF. Superoxides 177-187 interleukin 3 Homo sapiens 70-83 8385266-3 1993 Four separate lines of evidence indicate a predominant role for Fc gamma RI in triggering superoxide generation induced by erythrocytes sensitized with up to the maximum of 100,000 IgG molecules per cell. Superoxides 90-100 Fc gamma receptor Ia Homo sapiens 64-75 7678988-1 1993 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte CSF (G-CSF) primed human neutrophils for enhanced release of superoxide in time- and dose-dependent manners. Superoxides 164-174 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 29-77 7678988-1 1993 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte CSF (G-CSF) primed human neutrophils for enhanced release of superoxide in time- and dose-dependent manners. Superoxides 164-174 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 79-85 7678988-1 1993 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte CSF (G-CSF) primed human neutrophils for enhanced release of superoxide in time- and dose-dependent manners. Superoxides 164-174 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 103-113 8389539-1 1993 In this study, it was presented that PAF and LTB4 exert a priming effect on PMNs to promote their superoxide anion production. Superoxides 98-114 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 37-40 8292972-2 1993 The T-cell-derived lymphokine human leukocyte inhibitory factor (LIF) is a modulator of many important polymorphonuclear (PMN) functions in addition to aggregation such as chemotaxis, lysosomal degranulation, phagocytosis, bactericidal killing, augmented antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), induction of neutrophil Fc-gamma, complement type-1 and FMLP receptors, and production of superoxide and H2O2. Superoxides 394-404 LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine Homo sapiens 36-63 8292972-2 1993 The T-cell-derived lymphokine human leukocyte inhibitory factor (LIF) is a modulator of many important polymorphonuclear (PMN) functions in addition to aggregation such as chemotaxis, lysosomal degranulation, phagocytosis, bactericidal killing, augmented antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), induction of neutrophil Fc-gamma, complement type-1 and FMLP receptors, and production of superoxide and H2O2. Superoxides 394-404 LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine Homo sapiens 65-68 8167697-0 1993 Is the IFN-gamma-induced enhancement of superoxide production in CGD-phagocytes caused by increased expression of the p47-phox cytosolic protein. Superoxides 40-50 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 118-121 8167728-5 1993 The presence and activity of the retrovirally encoded p47-phox in the transduced cells is demonstrated and we show that this restores their capacity to generate superoxide. Superoxides 161-171 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 54-57 18475524-3 1993 Neither inhibitor affected the upregulation of CD11b beta(2)-integrin expression or priming of superoxide generation stimulated by IL-8 and GM-CSF. Superoxides 95-105 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 140-146 8198810-2 1993 Superoxide anion production was measured by the technique of Pick and Mizel in fibroblasts cultured from biopsies of involved and uninvolved skin of patients with psoriasis and from skin biopsies of normal controls. Superoxides 0-16 protein interacting with PRKCA 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 1464587-1 1992 rac1 and rac2 p21s are ras p21-like small GTP-binding proteins which are implicated in the NADPH oxidase-catalyzed superoxide generation in phagocytes. Superoxides 115-125 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 14-17 1337274-1 1992 The ability of the superoxide radical (SOR) generated by xanthine oxidase to activate phospholipase A2 (PLA2) was examined in microsomes prepared from luteinized rat ovaries. Superoxides 19-37 phospholipase A2 group IB Rattus norvegicus 86-102 1337274-1 1992 The ability of the superoxide radical (SOR) generated by xanthine oxidase to activate phospholipase A2 (PLA2) was examined in microsomes prepared from luteinized rat ovaries. Superoxides 19-37 phospholipase A2 group IB Rattus norvegicus 104-108 1337274-1 1992 The ability of the superoxide radical (SOR) generated by xanthine oxidase to activate phospholipase A2 (PLA2) was examined in microsomes prepared from luteinized rat ovaries. Superoxides 39-42 phospholipase A2 group IB Rattus norvegicus 86-102 1337274-1 1992 The ability of the superoxide radical (SOR) generated by xanthine oxidase to activate phospholipase A2 (PLA2) was examined in microsomes prepared from luteinized rat ovaries. Superoxides 39-42 phospholipase A2 group IB Rattus norvegicus 104-108 1281723-2 1992 We have evaluated the ability of substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA) and the selective NK2 receptor agonist [beta-Ala8]-NKA(4-10) to induce superoxide anion (O2-) production and prostanoid (prostaglandin E2, thromboxane B2) release from alveolar macrophages (AMs) isolated from control or actively sensitized guinea-pigs. Superoxides 141-157 substance-K receptor Cavia porcellus 88-100 1281723-2 1992 We have evaluated the ability of substance P (SP), neurokinin A (NKA) and the selective NK2 receptor agonist [beta-Ala8]-NKA(4-10) to induce superoxide anion (O2-) production and prostanoid (prostaglandin E2, thromboxane B2) release from alveolar macrophages (AMs) isolated from control or actively sensitized guinea-pigs. Superoxides 159-161 substance-K receptor Cavia porcellus 88-100 1284233-1 1992 Receptor-mediated superoxide (O2.-)-generation and tyrosyl phosphorylation of neutrophil proteins, such as 58, 65, 84, 108 and 115 kDa, were enhanced by priming cells with granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) [Akimura, K. et al. Superoxides 18-28 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 172-209 1284233-1 1992 Receptor-mediated superoxide (O2.-)-generation and tyrosyl phosphorylation of neutrophil proteins, such as 58, 65, 84, 108 and 115 kDa, were enhanced by priming cells with granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) [Akimura, K. et al. Superoxides 18-28 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 211-216 1284233-1 1992 Receptor-mediated superoxide (O2.-)-generation and tyrosyl phosphorylation of neutrophil proteins, such as 58, 65, 84, 108 and 115 kDa, were enhanced by priming cells with granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) [Akimura, K. et al. Superoxides 30-32 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 172-209 1284233-1 1992 Receptor-mediated superoxide (O2.-)-generation and tyrosyl phosphorylation of neutrophil proteins, such as 58, 65, 84, 108 and 115 kDa, were enhanced by priming cells with granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) [Akimura, K. et al. Superoxides 30-32 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 211-216 1487954-4 1992 In recent years, it also has been shown that serum platelet-activating factor (PAF) levels increased during ischemia-reperfusion, and that induction of superoxide generation by neutrophils is one of the important biological effects of PAF. Superoxides 152-162 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 79-82 1487954-4 1992 In recent years, it also has been shown that serum platelet-activating factor (PAF) levels increased during ischemia-reperfusion, and that induction of superoxide generation by neutrophils is one of the important biological effects of PAF. Superoxides 152-162 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 235-238 1337129-4 1992 ULN suppressed formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced superoxide production from polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) as measured by the cytochrome c assay. Superoxides 103-113 alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor Rattus norvegicus 0-3 1337129-7 1992 These results suggest that ULN"s membrane stabilizing action and suppressive effect against PMNs superoxide production might be attributed to its suppressive effect on the liver"s lipid peroxidation caused by ischemia-reperfusion. Superoxides 97-107 alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor Rattus norvegicus 27-30 1411300-5 1992 rGM-CSF and rTNF-alpha treatment significantly enhanced the spontaneous as well as C3zy-stimulated O2- production by neutrophils from controls and CDC class III subjects, and induced an upward trend in the CDC class IV group. Superoxides 99-101 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 4-7 1326533-0 1992 Reconstitution of superoxide-forming NADPH oxidase activity with cytochrome b558 purified from porcine neutrophils. Superoxides 18-28 cytochrome b Oryctolagus cuniculus 65-77 1326533-9 1992 The reconstituted system containing purified cytochrome b558 plus the NBT reductase showed approximately 100 times higher O2(-)-generating activity than a system containing rabbit liver NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase instead. Superoxides 122-127 cytochrome b Oryctolagus cuniculus 45-57 1326533-10 1992 These results suggest that both the FAD-dependent NBT reductase and cytochrome b558 are required as membrane redox components for O2(-)-forming NADPH oxidase activity. Superoxides 130-132 cytochrome b Oryctolagus cuniculus 68-80 1333725-0 1992 Modulation of human monocyte superoxide production by recombinant interleukin-3. Superoxides 29-39 interleukin 3 Homo sapiens 66-79 1333725-1 1992 We have examined the generation of superoxide by human monocytes isolated from peripheral blood cultured in the presence of recombinant human interleukin-3 in comparison to tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma. Superoxides 35-45 interleukin 3 Homo sapiens 142-155 1333725-3 1992 An increase of phorbol-myristate-acetate- and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-stimulated superoxide production of monocytes cultured with interleukin-3 compared to control cells was detected first after 24 h of monocyte culture. Superoxides 95-105 interleukin 3 Homo sapiens 144-157 1333725-5 1992 At this time the stimulated superoxide production of monocytes cultured in the presence of interleukin-3 surpassed that of interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha treated cells. Superoxides 28-38 interleukin 3 Homo sapiens 91-104 1333725-7 1992 A dose dependence of the effect of interleukin-3 on the superoxide production was observed. Superoxides 56-66 interleukin 3 Homo sapiens 35-48 1325210-5 1992 The presence and activity of the retrovirally encoded p47-phox in the transduced cells is demonstrated and we show that this restores their capacity to generate superoxide. Superoxides 161-171 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 54-57 1411581-3 1992 MMP-8 is activated by hypochlorous acid produced by myeloperoxidase from hydrogen peroxide and chloride ion and by the hydroxyl radical produced in Haber Weiss reaction fed by superoxide produced by, eg, NADPH (reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) oxidase and xanthine oxidase. Superoxides 176-186 matrix metallopeptidase 8 Homo sapiens 0-5 1318335-0 1992 Signal transduction mechanisms of C1q-mediated superoxide production. Superoxides 47-57 complement C1q A chain Homo sapiens 34-37 1318335-4 1992 In an alternative approach we have now used a modified cytochrome c reduction assay to characterize C1q-mediated production of superoxide anion (O2-) in more detail. Superoxides 127-143 complement C1q A chain Homo sapiens 100-103 1321621-0 1992 Differential effects of platelet-activating factor on superoxide anion production in human eosinophils and neutrophils. Superoxides 54-70 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 24-50 1321621-1 1992 The effect of platelet-activating factor (PAF) on the generation of superoxide anion (O2-) in human eosinophils and neutrophils was examined. Superoxides 68-84 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 14-40 1321621-1 1992 The effect of platelet-activating factor (PAF) on the generation of superoxide anion (O2-) in human eosinophils and neutrophils was examined. Superoxides 68-84 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 42-45 1321621-1 1992 The effect of platelet-activating factor (PAF) on the generation of superoxide anion (O2-) in human eosinophils and neutrophils was examined. Superoxides 86-89 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 14-40 1321621-1 1992 The effect of platelet-activating factor (PAF) on the generation of superoxide anion (O2-) in human eosinophils and neutrophils was examined. Superoxides 86-89 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 42-45 1321621-2 1992 The presence of PAF potentiated O2- production in either opsonized zymosan- or formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP)-stimulated cells. Superoxides 32-34 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 16-19 1321621-4 1992 We also found that eosinophils generate substantial amounts of O2- when treated with PAF alone. Superoxides 63-65 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 85-88 1321621-5 1992 The high responsiveness of unstimulated or opsonized zymosan-stimulated eosinophils to PAF to generate O2- may be relevant to the pathological changes at the loci of allergic reactions where eosinophils and PAF are crucially involved. Superoxides 103-105 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 87-90 1321621-5 1992 The high responsiveness of unstimulated or opsonized zymosan-stimulated eosinophils to PAF to generate O2- may be relevant to the pathological changes at the loci of allergic reactions where eosinophils and PAF are crucially involved. Superoxides 103-105 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 207-210 1318654-0 1992 Met- and Leu-enkephalin modulate superoxide anion release from human polymorphonuclear cells. Superoxides 33-49 prodynorphin Homo sapiens 9-23 1314191-0 1992 Superoxide anion release induced by platelet-activating factor is increased in human alveolar macrophages from smokers. Superoxides 0-16 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 36-62 1314191-1 1992 This study was designed to investigate the effects of the platelet-activating factor (PAF) on the superoxide anion production (O2.) Superoxides 98-114 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 58-84 1314191-1 1992 This study was designed to investigate the effects of the platelet-activating factor (PAF) on the superoxide anion production (O2.) Superoxides 98-114 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 86-89 1314191-1 1992 This study was designed to investigate the effects of the platelet-activating factor (PAF) on the superoxide anion production (O2.) Superoxides 127-129 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 58-84 1314191-1 1992 This study was designed to investigate the effects of the platelet-activating factor (PAF) on the superoxide anion production (O2.) Superoxides 127-129 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 86-89 1314191-4 1992 Stimulation with PAF led to a dose-dependent increase of O2. Superoxides 57-59 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 17-20 1314191-6 1992 The median effective dose (EC50) for PAF action on O2. Superoxides 51-53 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 37-40 1355540-4 1992 In rat isolated PMN leucocyte suspension, venom PLA2 induced superoxide radical formation. Superoxides 61-71 phospholipase A2 group IB Rattus norvegicus 48-52 1309844-4 1992 The sequential production of IL-4 and IFN was determined and related to temporal changes in granuloma macrophage production of IL-1, TNF, and superoxide anion (O2-). Superoxides 142-158 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 29-33 1309844-4 1992 The sequential production of IL-4 and IFN was determined and related to temporal changes in granuloma macrophage production of IL-1, TNF, and superoxide anion (O2-). Superoxides 160-162 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 29-33 1309421-0 1992 Platelet-activating factor primes human eosinophil generation of superoxide. Superoxides 65-75 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 0-26 1309421-5 1992 To test this hypothesis, eosinophils were preincubated (1 and 15 min) with low concentrations of PAF (1 x 10(-8) and 1 x 10(-10) M); this exposure to PAF resulted in enhanced generation of superoxide anion to FMLP stimulation. Superoxides 189-205 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 97-100 1309421-5 1992 To test this hypothesis, eosinophils were preincubated (1 and 15 min) with low concentrations of PAF (1 x 10(-8) and 1 x 10(-10) M); this exposure to PAF resulted in enhanced generation of superoxide anion to FMLP stimulation. Superoxides 189-205 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 150-153 1327185-1 1992 The effects of plasmalogenic and acyl structural analogs of the platelet activation factor (PAF) on the superoxide radical production by human blood leukocytes were studied. Superoxides 104-122 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 92-95 1327185-3 1992 Stimulation of superoxide radical production strongly depends on the structure of the polar heads of PAF analogs. Superoxides 15-33 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 101-104 1317753-3 1992 IL-2 administered in vitro or in vivo enhanced O2- production by hepatic macrophages and the intravenous injection of OK432 also enhanced O2 production. Superoxides 47-49 interleukin 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 1317753-4 1992 Furthermore, IL-2 added to the culture medium of hepatic macrophages isolated from OK432-injected rats augmented O2- production even more. Superoxides 113-115 interleukin 2 Rattus norvegicus 13-17 1317753-6 1992 As with O2- production, the cytotoxicity of the cells was enhanced by OK432 injection or by IL-2 added to the culture medium and the combination of OK432 and IL-2 augmented their cytotoxicity even more. Superoxides 8-10 interleukin 2 Rattus norvegicus 92-96 1317753-6 1992 As with O2- production, the cytotoxicity of the cells was enhanced by OK432 injection or by IL-2 added to the culture medium and the combination of OK432 and IL-2 augmented their cytotoxicity even more. Superoxides 8-10 interleukin 2 Rattus norvegicus 158-162 1317753-7 1992 Thus, the present study suggested that IL-2 and OK432 induce the augmentation of the antitumor activity of hepatic macrophages, partly as a result of the increase in production of O2- and TNF and Ia expression. Superoxides 180-182 interleukin 2 Rattus norvegicus 39-43 1659593-0 1991 The effect of platelet-activating factor on the generation of superoxide anion in human eosinophils and neutrophils. Superoxides 62-78 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 14-40 1659593-5 1991 Both granulocyte cell types generated O2- when they were incubated with PAF. Superoxides 38-40 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 72-75 1660899-7 1991 PM adherent to denatured collagen/fibronectin release less superoxide anion (27 +/- .9 nmoles/10(6) PM) than PM adherent to either tissue culture plastic (43 +/- 1 nmoles/10(6) PM) or the extracellular matrix (60 +/- 0.5 nmoles/10(6) PM). Superoxides 59-75 fibronectin 1 Rattus norvegicus 34-45 1779751-4 1991 More recent molecular genetic studies revealed that sodA expression is subject to regulation by three major regulatory systems: fur (ferric uptake regulation) and arcA arcB (aerobic respiratory control) mediate repression of sodA, while a relatively new system, soxR soxS (superoxide response), mediates activation of sodA expression. Superoxides 273-283 hypothetical protein Escherichia coli 168-172 1953752-7 1991 Alternatively, superoxide formation inside the cell or membrane could employ the superoxide dismutase function of ceruloplasmin to produce peroxide. Superoxides 15-25 ceruloplasmin Cricetulus griseus 114-127 1663531-3 1991 Both rIFN-beta ser and rIFN-gamma increased phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated superoxide anion generation by AM in a dose-dependent fashion. Superoxides 81-97 interferon beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 5-14 1663531-3 1991 Both rIFN-beta ser and rIFN-gamma increased phorbol myristate acetate-stimulated superoxide anion generation by AM in a dose-dependent fashion. Superoxides 81-97 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 23-33 1663531-4 1991 rIFN-beta ser was capable of priming AM for an enhanced superoxide anion release nearly as well as rIFN-gamma. Superoxides 56-72 interferon beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-9 1664206-7 1991 These results suggest that the inhibitory mechanism of nifedipine and nisoldipine for O2- production from the macrophages appears to directly inhibit the enzyme system of the NADPH-oxidase complex through the activation of protein kinase C, and that the inhibition of PMA-stimulated PGE2 production may be due to a decrease of phospholipase A2 through protein kinase C. On the basis of the inhibitory action on O2- and PGE2 production from the macrophages, a possible mechanism of antiatherogenic effect of calcium antagonists was discussed. Superoxides 86-88 phospholipase A2 group IB Rattus norvegicus 327-343 1648528-10 1991 Using purified preparations of two flavoproteins found in the rat colon, it was shown that the addition of TNBS (1 mmol/L) to purified NADH dehydrogenase or glutathione reductase increased the rate of superoxide formation by these enzymes from normally undetectable levels to 1.6 nmol/min and 1.2 nmol/min, respectively. Superoxides 201-211 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 157-178 1667989-8 1991 Like CL, PAF had a weak effect on the generation of superoxide from PMNs. Superoxides 52-62 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 9-12 1667989-9 1991 Neutrophils from seven RA SF stimulated with PMA or PAF showed a significant increase in superoxide production (76.05 +/- 2.14, 2.83 +/- 0.18) and these were higher than in PB of either RA patients (54.35 +/- 12.46, 1.03 +/- 0.74) and HS (55.70 +/- 17.9; 1.08 +/- 1.12) (p less than 0.05). Superoxides 89-99 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 52-55 1848559-8 1991 Taken together these results indicate that PKC-dependent phosphorylation of p47-phox correlates with association of p47-phox with the cytoskeleton and with translocation of p47-phox and p67-phox to the plasma membrane, with the ensuing assembly of an active superoxide-generating NADPH-dependent oxidase. Superoxides 258-268 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 76-79 1848559-8 1991 Taken together these results indicate that PKC-dependent phosphorylation of p47-phox correlates with association of p47-phox with the cytoskeleton and with translocation of p47-phox and p67-phox to the plasma membrane, with the ensuing assembly of an active superoxide-generating NADPH-dependent oxidase. Superoxides 258-268 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 116-119 1706523-0 1991 Adhesion protein GMP140 inhibits superoxide anion release by human neutrophils. Superoxides 33-49 selectin P Homo sapiens 17-23 1706523-3 1991 Adherence to GMP140 was associated with less superoxide anion generation than adherence to other surfaces, an effect that is especially remarkable after activation of neutrophils with tumor necrosis factor alpha, an agent that on other surfaces promotes adhesion and spreading. Superoxides 45-61 selectin P Homo sapiens 13-19 1706523-5 1991 Neutrophils adhering to GMP140 were also deficient in superoxide anion generation to formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine. Superoxides 54-70 selectin P Homo sapiens 24-30 1706523-6 1991 Furthermore, fluid-phase GMP140 also inhibited the superoxide generation by neutrophils stimulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha. Superoxides 51-61 selectin P Homo sapiens 25-31 1848228-0 1991 Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor is a stimulant of platelet-activating factor and superoxide anion generation by human neutrophils. Superoxides 98-114 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-48 1848228-6 1991 In functional studies GM-CSF stimulated superoxide anion generation from neutrophils with a time and dose relationship that paralleled PAF synthesis. Superoxides 40-56 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 22-28 1848228-6 1991 In functional studies GM-CSF stimulated superoxide anion generation from neutrophils with a time and dose relationship that paralleled PAF synthesis. Superoxides 40-56 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 135-138 1665713-4 1991 There was a close relationship between the concentration-response curve for increases in PAF synthesis and that for enhanced O2- generation. Superoxides 125-127 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 89-92 1665713-5 1991 The possibility that PAF was causally linked to enhanced O2- generation in primed PMNs was investigated using compounds previously reported to reduce PAF generation, namely the serine protease inhibitor, tosyl-phenylalanine chloromethylketone, and the phospholipase A2 inhibitor, bromophenacylbromide. Superoxides 57-59 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 21-24 1665713-7 1991 We examined the possibility that PAF acted in an autocrine fashion to enhance O2- generation following its release from fMLP-stimulated PMNs. Superoxides 78-80 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 33-36 1847803-1 1991 In our previous study on chemotactic peptide isolated from Ropalidian wasp, it was found to induce not only chemotaxis but also other cellular responses, such as superoxide generation and lysosomal enzyme release, but [Lys7] analog was found to induce only chemotaxis but not others. Superoxides 162-172 WASP actin nucleation promoting factor Homo sapiens 70-74 1899224-1 1991 We recently demonstrated that GH and interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) act in a similar manner to prime macrophages in vitro and in vivo for enhanced superoxide anion release. Superoxides 145-161 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 37-53 1899224-1 1991 We recently demonstrated that GH and interferon-gamma (IFN gamma) act in a similar manner to prime macrophages in vitro and in vivo for enhanced superoxide anion release. Superoxides 145-161 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 55-64 1849872-1 1991 Recombinant human (rh) tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and rh granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) prime human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) for increased superoxide anion (O2-) generation and for increased platelet-activating factor (PAF) biosynthesis and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) release. Superoxides 184-200 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 65-113 1849872-1 1991 Recombinant human (rh) tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and rh granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) prime human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) for increased superoxide anion (O2-) generation and for increased platelet-activating factor (PAF) biosynthesis and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) release. Superoxides 184-200 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 115-121 1849872-1 1991 Recombinant human (rh) tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and rh granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) prime human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) for increased superoxide anion (O2-) generation and for increased platelet-activating factor (PAF) biosynthesis and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) release. Superoxides 202-204 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 65-113 1849872-1 1991 Recombinant human (rh) tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and rh granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) prime human polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) for increased superoxide anion (O2-) generation and for increased platelet-activating factor (PAF) biosynthesis and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) release. Superoxides 202-204 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 115-121 1849872-2 1991 Both PAF and LTB4 are candidate mediators for the enhanced O2- generation in cytokine-primed PMN, since exogenous PAF or LTB4 primes PMN. Superoxides 59-61 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 5-8 1849872-2 1991 Both PAF and LTB4 are candidate mediators for the enhanced O2- generation in cytokine-primed PMN, since exogenous PAF or LTB4 primes PMN. Superoxides 59-61 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 114-117 1761356-5 1991 Indeed, resident peritoneal macrophages from control infected mice were as competent as macrophages from infected mice treated with IL-1 alpha in generating superoxide anion (O2-) (approximately 400 nM O2-/h/mg at 2 months post-infection). Superoxides 157-173 interleukin 1 alpha Mus musculus 132-142 1761356-5 1991 Indeed, resident peritoneal macrophages from control infected mice were as competent as macrophages from infected mice treated with IL-1 alpha in generating superoxide anion (O2-) (approximately 400 nM O2-/h/mg at 2 months post-infection). Superoxides 175-177 interleukin 1 alpha Mus musculus 132-142 1761356-5 1991 Indeed, resident peritoneal macrophages from control infected mice were as competent as macrophages from infected mice treated with IL-1 alpha in generating superoxide anion (O2-) (approximately 400 nM O2-/h/mg at 2 months post-infection). Superoxides 202-204 interleukin 1 alpha Mus musculus 132-142 2170531-2 1990 Over the last few years, several studies showing that production of superoxide by neutrophils in response to chemotactic factors such as FMLP is enhanced after preincubation of the cells with granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF or TNF-alpha have been published. Superoxides 68-78 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 192-223 2170531-5 1990 Pretreatment of neutrophils with either GM-CSF or TNF-alpha dose-dependently enhanced the production of superoxide induced by NaF, as determined by the superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of ferricytochrome c. Superoxides 104-114 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 40-46 2282081-5 1990 CP inhibits the reaction of superoxide radicals generation as a result of Cu interaction with -SH groups of RBC membrane; the effect is more pronounced than the effect of catalase or superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 28-38 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 0-2 2282081-7 1990 Apparently CP reception on RBC leads not only to membrane protection from superoxide and hydroxyl radicals but represents a more complex process. Superoxides 74-84 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 11-13 1692808-0 1990 Recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and lipopolysaccharide maintain the phenotype of and superoxide anion generation by neutrophils. Superoxides 103-119 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 12-49 2161898-4 1990 The purified MCAF stimulated superoxide anion and N-acetyl beta-D glucosaminidase-releasing activity in human monocytes, as well as monocyte cytostatic augmenting activity against tumor cells and chemotactic activity for monocytes. Superoxides 29-45 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 13-17 1698896-3 1990 In the prior two reports, we demonstrated that G-CSF induced the polarization of neutrophils by itself, and also enhanced superoxide production from neutrophils stimulated by the chemotactic peptides. Superoxides 122-132 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 47-52 2158320-2 1990 Low STAR concentrations from 10 to 200 nM potentiated the N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) and platelet activating factor (Paf)-induced respiratory burst, affecting both the initial rate and the total amount of superoxide anion generated. Superoxides 225-241 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 137-140 1969452-4 1990 LPS elicits several responses in leukocytes including secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta, and priming for enhanced release of oxygen radicals such as superoxide anion. Superoxides 152-168 interferon regulatory factor 6 Homo sapiens 0-3 1969452-8 1990 Further, PMN and monocytes from CD18-deficient patients showed normal priming for enhanced release of superoxide anion in response to LPS. Superoxides 102-118 interferon regulatory factor 6 Homo sapiens 134-137 1698209-3 1990 In present study, we have investigated superoxide (O2-) production from human neutrophils by recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) using the microtiter plate for the purpose of being close to the inflammatory site. Superoxides 39-49 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 111-148 1698209-3 1990 In present study, we have investigated superoxide (O2-) production from human neutrophils by recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) using the microtiter plate for the purpose of being close to the inflammatory site. Superoxides 39-49 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 150-155 1698209-3 1990 In present study, we have investigated superoxide (O2-) production from human neutrophils by recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) using the microtiter plate for the purpose of being close to the inflammatory site. Superoxides 51-53 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 111-148 1698209-3 1990 In present study, we have investigated superoxide (O2-) production from human neutrophils by recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) using the microtiter plate for the purpose of being close to the inflammatory site. Superoxides 51-53 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 150-155 1698209-5 1990 However, the optimal concentration of G-CSF (50 ng/ml) was able to prime human neutrophils with enhance of O2- release stimulated by the chemotactic peptide, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) from 10(-6) to 10(-8) M, but not by the non chemoattractant such as phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), concanavalin A, and ionomycin. Superoxides 107-109 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 38-43 2336792-4 1990 Superoxide production following stimulation with PMA, A23187, PAF, ConA and opsonized zymosan (ZC), was 20-50% less, compared to bovine and human neutrophils. Superoxides 0-10 CONA Bos taurus 67-71 2153171-12 1990 production by M phi previously treated with rIFN-gamma whereas rIFN-gamma partially augmented O2-. Superoxides 94-96 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 63-73 2153171-14 1990 Because IL-4 has been reported to inhibit IL-1 production, add-back experiments were performed; addition of IL-1 only partly reconstituted O2-. Superoxides 139-141 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 108-112 1965272-2 1990 The detection of superoxide anion in the CNS is based on the 380 nm chemiluminescence of 2-methyl-6-phenyl-3,7-dihydroimidazo [1,2-alpyrazin-3-one(CLA-phenyl)] upon reaction with superoxide in the frozen tissue section. Superoxides 17-33 selectin P ligand Homo sapiens 147-150 1965272-2 1990 The detection of superoxide anion in the CNS is based on the 380 nm chemiluminescence of 2-methyl-6-phenyl-3,7-dihydroimidazo [1,2-alpyrazin-3-one(CLA-phenyl)] upon reaction with superoxide in the frozen tissue section. Superoxides 17-27 selectin P ligand Homo sapiens 147-150 2113027-2 1990 NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase gave a dynamic equilibrium of oxidation-reduction of cytochrome b5 in the presence of menadione (MK), the level of which depended on the concentration of O2 and superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 187-189 cytochrome b5 type A Homo sapiens 86-99 1966810-0 1990 Tumor necrosis factor alpha "primes" the platelet-activating factor-induced superoxide production by human neutrophils: possible involvement of G proteins. Superoxides 76-86 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 41-67 1966810-2 1990 We were interested to ascertain whether superoxide generation by human PMN could be amplified by PAF following initial stimulation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and the effect of cholera and pertussis toxin on this process. Superoxides 40-50 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 97-100 1966810-3 1990 PAF alone (0.1 pM-0.1 nM) failed to evoke any superoxide production; however, when PAF was added for 10 min to cells previously incubated for 50 min with 10 ng/ml TNF, superoxide production was significantly enhanced relative to that induced by TNF alone. Superoxides 168-178 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 83-86 1966810-5 1990 The PAF antagonists also decreased by 25% the superoxide production elicited solely by TNF, indicating that TNF-induced superoxide generation is partially mediated by a mechanism involving endogenous PAF. Superoxides 46-56 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 4-7 1966810-5 1990 The PAF antagonists also decreased by 25% the superoxide production elicited solely by TNF, indicating that TNF-induced superoxide generation is partially mediated by a mechanism involving endogenous PAF. Superoxides 120-130 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 4-7 1966810-5 1990 The PAF antagonists also decreased by 25% the superoxide production elicited solely by TNF, indicating that TNF-induced superoxide generation is partially mediated by a mechanism involving endogenous PAF. Superoxides 120-130 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 200-203 1966810-6 1990 Pretreatment of the PMN with pertussis or cholera toxin reduced the amplification of superoxide production induced by PAF in TNF-stimulated PMN, implicating pertussis and cholera toxin-sensitive G-proteins in the amplification process. Superoxides 85-95 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 118-121 1966812-2 1990 For example, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) enhances superoxide production and cytotoxicity of neutrophils stimulated by diverse agonists. Superoxides 80-90 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 13-61 1966812-2 1990 For example, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) enhances superoxide production and cytotoxicity of neutrophils stimulated by diverse agonists. Superoxides 80-90 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 63-69 1966813-1 1990 In this paper we have examined the cooperation between TNF and PAF in the generation of superoxide anion (O2-) in vitro by polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), as well as their ability to induce joint inflammation when injected into the knee of healthy rabbits. Superoxides 88-104 tumor necrosis factor Oryctolagus cuniculus 55-58 1966813-1 1990 In this paper we have examined the cooperation between TNF and PAF in the generation of superoxide anion (O2-) in vitro by polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs), as well as their ability to induce joint inflammation when injected into the knee of healthy rabbits. Superoxides 106-109 tumor necrosis factor Oryctolagus cuniculus 55-58 1966813-2 1990 TNF and PAF directly stimulated the generation of a small amount of O2- by PMNs. Superoxides 68-70 tumor necrosis factor Oryctolagus cuniculus 0-3 1966813-3 1990 TNF pretreatment of PMNs induced a certain synergy in the O2- production, when these cells were later stimulated with PAF. Superoxides 58-60 tumor necrosis factor Oryctolagus cuniculus 0-3 1966814-3 1990 Although a relatively weak direct oxidative agonist, PAF markedly enhances O2- release evoked by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), increasing the maximal rate of O2- production by a calcium-dependent mechanism. Superoxides 75-77 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 53-56 1966814-3 1990 Although a relatively weak direct oxidative agonist, PAF markedly enhances O2- release evoked by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) and the chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP), increasing the maximal rate of O2- production by a calcium-dependent mechanism. Superoxides 236-238 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 53-56 33805584-0 2021 Pathological Relationship between Intracellular Superoxide Metabolism and p53 Signaling in Mice. Superoxides 48-58 transformation related protein 53, pseudogene Mus musculus 74-77 33805584-2 2021 We previously reported that intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide accumulation caused by cytoplasmic SOD (SOD1) or mitochondrial SOD (SOD2) insufficiency, induced p53 activation in cells. Superoxides 83-93 transformation related protein 53, pseudogene Mus musculus 191-194 33807982-5 2021 Long-term ACE inhibition for 28 d limited vascular inflammation, particularly the infiltration of Ly6Chigh monocytes/macrophages, and reduced superoxide formation, resulting in improved endothelial function in mice with ischemic heart failure. Superoxides 142-152 angiotensin I converting enzyme (peptidyl-dipeptidase A) 1 Mus musculus 10-13 33817175-5 2019 The experiment of cerebral ischemic oxidative stress model rats showed that the survival rate, apoptosis rate, malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase levels in miR-182 group were better than model control group. Superoxides 131-141 microRNA 182 Rattus norvegicus 162-169 34769076-6 2021 Superoxide accumulation in Sephs1-knockout 2H11 cells is due to the induction of xanthine oxidase and NADPH oxidase activity, and due to the decrease in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and 3 (SOD3). Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 190-194 34446191-5 2021 In addition, the activities of all major antioxidant enzymes (catalase, thioredoxin reductase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase) except superoxide dismutase were decreased. Superoxides 156-166 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 122-147 34454164-7 2021 Also, the lack of superoxide radical led to an impairment of parasite differentiation inside gp91phox-/- macrophages. Superoxides 18-28 paired Ig-like receptor B Mus musculus 93-97 34264260-3 2021 Here, we show that MoS2 nanozymes exhibit activities of four major cellular cascade antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and glutathione peroxidase. Superoxides 115-125 mago homolog, exon junction complex core component Mus musculus 19-23 34356358-0 2021 Quercetin Alleviates the Accumulation of Superoxide in Sodium Iodate-Induced Retinal Autophagy by Regulating Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species Homeostasis through Enhanced Deacetyl-SOD2 via the Nrf2-PGC-1alpha-Sirt1 Pathway. Superoxides 41-51 sirtuin 1 Mus musculus 214-219 35513204-10 2022 The neuroprotective effects of PEP-1-PGAM5 are partially mediated by a reduction in oxidative stress, such as the formation of reactive oxygen species, and increases in the activity of antioxidants such as glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 233-243 CNDP dipeptidase 2 (metallopeptidase M20 family) Mus musculus 31-36 35238389-7 2022 We demonstrated that the deregulation in hydrogen peroxide and superoxide homeostasis, but not of singlet oxygen, was partially due to SA accumulation in siz1. Superoxides 63-73 DNA-binding protein with MIZ/SP-RING zinc finger, PHD-finger and SAP domain-containing protein Arabidopsis thaliana 154-158 35418250-11 2022 Increased M1-SIRT3 expression in primary rat and human cardiomyocytes attenuated doxorubicin-induced superoxide formation, whereas deacetylase deficient mutants were unable to prevent oxidative stress. Superoxides 101-111 sirtuin 3 Rattus norvegicus 13-18 35063507-8 2022 After separating the two CD177/mPR3 neutrophil subsets from individual donors by magnetic sorting, we found that PR3-ANCAs provoked significantly more superoxide production in CD177pos/mPR3high than in CD177neg/mPR3low neutrophils, and that anti-CD177 Fab clone 40 reduced the superoxide production of CD177pos cells to the level of the CD177neg cells. Superoxides 151-161 CD177 molecule Homo sapiens 25-30 35063507-8 2022 After separating the two CD177/mPR3 neutrophil subsets from individual donors by magnetic sorting, we found that PR3-ANCAs provoked significantly more superoxide production in CD177pos/mPR3high than in CD177neg/mPR3low neutrophils, and that anti-CD177 Fab clone 40 reduced the superoxide production of CD177pos cells to the level of the CD177neg cells. Superoxides 151-161 CD177 molecule Homo sapiens 176-181 35063507-8 2022 After separating the two CD177/mPR3 neutrophil subsets from individual donors by magnetic sorting, we found that PR3-ANCAs provoked significantly more superoxide production in CD177pos/mPR3high than in CD177neg/mPR3low neutrophils, and that anti-CD177 Fab clone 40 reduced the superoxide production of CD177pos cells to the level of the CD177neg cells. Superoxides 277-287 CD177 molecule Homo sapiens 176-181 35104504-9 2022 Using exclusion-based techniques, we show that for the RBP IGF2BP1 in cultured mammary epithelial cells, mRNA binding partners are enriched in mRNAs important for de-toxifying superoxides (specifically GPX-1 and GPX-2) and other mRNAs encoding mitochondrial proteins. Superoxides 176-187 glutathione peroxidase 2 Homo sapiens 212-217 35079639-9 2022 Our result suggests that the oligomeric states of Nox5, mediated by its DH domain and CaM, may be important for its superoxide-generating activity. Superoxides 116-126 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 50-54 35069974-9 2022 Results: Mitochondrial superoxide production without AA was increased 32% and decreased 53% after 5 and 10 muM EPI treatment vs. CTRL (P < 0.001). Superoxides 23-33 chymotrypsin like Homo sapiens 129-133 2552308-4 1989 The results are consistent with BAP behaving as a photosensitizer that generates both superoxide and singlet oxygen, and that damages chiefly membranes. Superoxides 86-96 prohibitin 2 Homo sapiens 32-35 2544592-0 1989 Inhibition of the high affinity Fc receptor (Fc gamma RI) on human monocytes by porphyrin photosensitization is highly specific and mediated by the generation of superoxide radicals. Superoxides 162-172 Fc gamma receptor Ia Homo sapiens 45-56 2544592-5 1989 DHE plus light-induced modulation of Fc gamma RI was found to be mediated by superoxide anions, since addition of a mimic of superoxide dismutase restored both binding of mouse IgG2a to Fc gamma RI as well as human monocyte accessory cell function. Superoxides 77-94 Fc gamma receptor Ia Homo sapiens 37-48 2541198-8 1989 PAF also caused generation of superoxide anions by human eosinophils but this occurred at higher concentrations of PAF (1 microM to 30 microM) with an ED50 of 8.4 +/- 0.9 microM. Superoxides 30-47 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 0-3 2541198-10 1989 These studies demonstrate that PAF activates human eosinophils to release granule constituents and generate superoxide anions. Superoxides 108-125 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 31-34 2562422-2 1989 Substitution of fluorine atoms into chloromethanes results in a substantial decrease in their reactivity with O2.- (relative rates: CCl4 much greater than CF4, much greater than CCl4 much greater than FCCl3, CCl4 much greater than F2CCl2, CCl4 much greater than F3CCl, H3CCl much greater than F3CCl, and H2CCl2 much greater than F2CCl2). Superoxides 110-112 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Homo sapiens 132-136 2562422-2 1989 Substitution of fluorine atoms into chloromethanes results in a substantial decrease in their reactivity with O2.- (relative rates: CCl4 much greater than CF4, much greater than CCl4 much greater than FCCl3, CCl4 much greater than F2CCl2, CCl4 much greater than F3CCl, H3CCl much greater than F3CCl, and H2CCl2 much greater than F2CCl2). Superoxides 110-112 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Homo sapiens 178-182 2562422-2 1989 Substitution of fluorine atoms into chloromethanes results in a substantial decrease in their reactivity with O2.- (relative rates: CCl4 much greater than CF4, much greater than CCl4 much greater than FCCl3, CCl4 much greater than F2CCl2, CCl4 much greater than F3CCl, H3CCl much greater than F3CCl, and H2CCl2 much greater than F2CCl2). Superoxides 110-112 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Homo sapiens 178-182 2562422-2 1989 Substitution of fluorine atoms into chloromethanes results in a substantial decrease in their reactivity with O2.- (relative rates: CCl4 much greater than CF4, much greater than CCl4 much greater than FCCl3, CCl4 much greater than F2CCl2, CCl4 much greater than F3CCl, H3CCl much greater than F3CCl, and H2CCl2 much greater than F2CCl2). Superoxides 110-112 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Homo sapiens 178-182 2539377-2 1989 We report herein that, when granulocytes are "primed" by a 90-min preincubation with the recombinant human hemopoietic growth factor granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSFrh), elevation of the concentration of cytosolic Ca2+ ions ([Ca2+]i) becomes a more effective transduction signal capable of triggering the generation of substantial quantities of superoxide (O2-) anions by the cell. Superoxides 369-379 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 133-181 2539377-2 1989 We report herein that, when granulocytes are "primed" by a 90-min preincubation with the recombinant human hemopoietic growth factor granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSFrh), elevation of the concentration of cytosolic Ca2+ ions ([Ca2+]i) becomes a more effective transduction signal capable of triggering the generation of substantial quantities of superoxide (O2-) anions by the cell. Superoxides 381-383 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 133-181 2538510-3 1989 However, the ability to generate O2- in response to PMA could be induced in BMM by pre-exposing the cells to certain cytokines, including granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IFN-gamma, and, to a lesser extent, IL-1 alpha. Superoxides 33-35 interleukin 1 alpha Mus musculus 252-262 2492588-6 1989 IL-2 treatment in vitro enhanced the neonatal macrophages" ADCC function and superoxide release. Superoxides 77-87 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 0-4 2535839-0 1989 Inhibition of superoxide and ferritin-dependent lipid peroxidation by ceruloplasmin. Superoxides 14-24 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 70-83 2535839-2 1989 Ceruloplasmin was also shown to inhibit superoxide-mediated mobilization of iron from ferritin, in a concentration-dependent manner, as measured spectrophotometrically using the iron(II) chelator bathophenanthroline sulfonate. Superoxides 40-50 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 0-13 2535839-4 1989 In addition, CP scavenged xanthine oxidase-derived superoxide as measured spectrophotometrically via its effect on cytochrome c reduction. Superoxides 51-61 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 13-15 2535839-5 1989 However, the extent of the superoxide scavenging of CP did not quantitatively account for its effects on iron release, suggesting that CP inhibits superoxide-dependent mobilization of ferritin iron independently of its ability to scavenge superoxide. Superoxides 27-37 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 52-54 2855027-0 1988 [Dismutation of superoxide radicals by ceruloplasmin--details of the mechanism]. Superoxides 16-26 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 39-52 2855027-1 1988 Like superoxide dismutase (SOD), human ceruloplasmin (Cp) scavenges superoxide anion radicals injected into the solution with the aid a high-voltage generator, hydrogen peroxide being the product of reaction. Superoxides 68-93 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 39-52 6330249-0 1984 Lag period for superoxide anion generation and lysosomal enzyme release from human neutrophils: effects of calcium antagonists and anion channel blockers. Superoxides 15-31 stathmin 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 6330249-4 1984 The intracellular calcium antagonist TMB-8 and the calmodulin inhibitor trifluoperazine both lengthened the lag periods for superoxide anion generation with either stimulus. Superoxides 124-140 stathmin 1 Homo sapiens 108-111 6318748-3 1983 Furthermore, the E-1 and E-3 polypeptides inhibit ferricytochrome c reduction by a xanthine oxidase superoxide generation system. Superoxides 100-110 transcription factor E1 Glycine max 17-28 6194826-0 1983 Alpha 2-macroglobulin "fast" forms inhibit superoxide production by activated macrophages. Superoxides 43-53 alpha-2-macroglobulin Homo sapiens 0-21 6194826-2 1983 Both alpha 2-macroglobulin-trypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin-methylamine inhibited macrophage production of superoxide anion (O2-) while native alpha 2-macroglobulin had little effect except at high concentration. Superoxides 108-124 alpha-2-macroglobulin Homo sapiens 5-26 6194826-2 1983 Both alpha 2-macroglobulin-trypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin-methylamine inhibited macrophage production of superoxide anion (O2-) while native alpha 2-macroglobulin had little effect except at high concentration. Superoxides 108-124 alpha-2-macroglobulin Homo sapiens 39-60 6194826-2 1983 Both alpha 2-macroglobulin-trypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin-methylamine inhibited macrophage production of superoxide anion (O2-) while native alpha 2-macroglobulin had little effect except at high concentration. Superoxides 108-124 alpha-2-macroglobulin Homo sapiens 39-60 6194826-2 1983 Both alpha 2-macroglobulin-trypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin-methylamine inhibited macrophage production of superoxide anion (O2-) while native alpha 2-macroglobulin had little effect except at high concentration. Superoxides 126-128 alpha-2-macroglobulin Homo sapiens 5-26 6194826-2 1983 Both alpha 2-macroglobulin-trypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin-methylamine inhibited macrophage production of superoxide anion (O2-) while native alpha 2-macroglobulin had little effect except at high concentration. Superoxides 126-128 alpha-2-macroglobulin Homo sapiens 39-60 6194826-2 1983 Both alpha 2-macroglobulin-trypsin and alpha 2-macroglobulin-methylamine inhibited macrophage production of superoxide anion (O2-) while native alpha 2-macroglobulin had little effect except at high concentration. Superoxides 126-128 alpha-2-macroglobulin Homo sapiens 39-60 6194826-3 1983 The alpha 2-macroglobulin "fast" forms, which bind with a Kd of about 8 nM, inhibited 50% generation of O2- (ID50) at a concentration of 7 nM while alpha 2-macroglobulin inhibited O2- production with an ID50 of 141 nM. Superoxides 104-106 alpha-2-macroglobulin Homo sapiens 4-25 6194826-3 1983 The alpha 2-macroglobulin "fast" forms, which bind with a Kd of about 8 nM, inhibited 50% generation of O2- (ID50) at a concentration of 7 nM while alpha 2-macroglobulin inhibited O2- production with an ID50 of 141 nM. Superoxides 180-182 alpha-2-macroglobulin Homo sapiens 4-25 6194826-3 1983 The alpha 2-macroglobulin "fast" forms, which bind with a Kd of about 8 nM, inhibited 50% generation of O2- (ID50) at a concentration of 7 nM while alpha 2-macroglobulin inhibited O2- production with an ID50 of 141 nM. Superoxides 180-182 alpha-2-macroglobulin Homo sapiens 148-169 6307290-0 1983 Prostaglandin E1 and prostaglandin I2 modulation of superoxide production by human neutrophils. Superoxides 52-62 small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 73A Homo sapiens 14-37 6307290-1 1983 15(S)-15-methyl-prostaglandin E1 and prostaglandin I2 rapidly and reversibly inhibit formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine induced superoxide production by human neutrophils. Superoxides 131-141 small nucleolar RNA, H/ACA box 73A Homo sapiens 30-53 6301584-8 1983 CSF-alpha stimulated superoxide production of resting eosinophils (from 0.03 +/- 0.03 to 0.47 +/- 0.08 nmole cytochrome-c reduced/10(5) eosinophils) and of eosinophils incubated with preopsonized zymosan (from 0.15 +/- 0.06 to 0.73 +/- 0.07). Superoxides 21-31 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 6605834-4 1983 Based on estimates of superoxide anion production there appears to be excess SOD protection in the rainbow trout retina, which could, at least in part, account for its resistance to oxygen toxicity. Superoxides 22-38 Superoxide dismutase Oncorhynchus mykiss 77-80 16662626-9 1982 Superoxide dismutase inhibited NADH oxidation quite significantly indicating the involvement of the superoxide radical in the peroxidase reaction. Superoxides 100-110 peroxidase N1 Nicotiana tabacum 126-136 6175565-3 1982 In contrast, O2- production by M phi exposed for 20 hr to the lymphokine macrophage activating factor (MAF) or treated with either MAF or IFN-beta for 4 hr was not significantly different from that of control cells. Superoxides 13-15 avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog Mus musculus 103-106 6175565-3 1982 In contrast, O2- production by M phi exposed for 20 hr to the lymphokine macrophage activating factor (MAF) or treated with either MAF or IFN-beta for 4 hr was not significantly different from that of control cells. Superoxides 13-15 avian musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog Mus musculus 131-134 6284006-3 1982 We have found that the action of cytoplasmic SOD to scavenge superoxide and thereby to inhibit superoxide-mediated reactions can be mimicked by the copper-containing plasma protein and acute-phase reactant, ceruloplasmin. Superoxides 61-71 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 207-220 6284006-3 1982 We have found that the action of cytoplasmic SOD to scavenge superoxide and thereby to inhibit superoxide-mediated reactions can be mimicked by the copper-containing plasma protein and acute-phase reactant, ceruloplasmin. Superoxides 95-105 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 207-220 6284006-4 1982 Ceruloplasmin, at concentrations present in normal plasma, inhibited reduction of both cytochrome c and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) mediated by the aerobic action of xanthine oxidase on hypoxanthine (a superoxide-generating system). Superoxides 202-212 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 0-13 6945598-5 1981 Cellular activation takes place immediately during a 10-min warm-up to 37 degrees C and can be recognized by rapid symmetrical cell spreading, the formation of "black holes" around the cells (probably due to superoxide-facilitated photochemical bleaching of the fluorophore), and the release of the lysozomal enzyme cathepsin B. Superoxides 208-218 cathepsin B Cavia porcellus 316-327 6266993-2 1981 The accumulation of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide was completely prevented in the presence of superoxide dismutase and catalase, respectively. Superoxides 20-36 catalase Cavia porcellus 128-136 6251840-0 1980 ESR evidence of superoxide radical dismutation by human ceruloplasmin. Superoxides 16-26 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 56-69 214131-0 1978 Involvement of superoxide in the catalytic cycle of diamine oxidase. Superoxides 15-25 amine oxidase copper containing 1 Sus scrofa 52-67 825533-7 1976 Upon exposure to superoxide anion, purified catalase, the glutathione peroxidase of the 100,000-g supernate, NADH, and NADPH cytochrome c reductases of the 16,000-g pellet decreased to 66+/-5%, 72+/-4%, 52+/-8%, and 40+/-9%, respectively, of their original activity. Superoxides 17-33 catalase Cavia porcellus 44-52 60-0 1975 The reaction between the superoxide anion radical and cytochrome c. Superoxides 25-49 cytochrome c, somatic Equus caballus 54-66 60-8 1975 The dependence of the rate constant on pH can be explained if cytochrome c has pKs of 7.45 and 9.2, and O2- reacts with the form present below pH 7.45 with k = 1.4-10(6) M-1 - S-1, the form above pH 7.45 with k = 3.0- 10(5) M-1 - S-1, and the form present above pH 9.2 with k = 0. Superoxides 104-106 cytochrome c, somatic Equus caballus 62-74 60-11 1975 It is suggested that O2- may reduce cytochrome c through a track composed of aromatic amino acids, and that little protein rearrangement is required for the formation of the activated complex. Superoxides 21-23 cytochrome c, somatic Equus caballus 36-48 33850529-10 2021 Compared with the sham group, the reactive oxygen species activity and malondialdehyde content in the brain tissue of DJ-1 overexpressing 5XFAD mice were significantly decreased, while the superoxide dismutase activity was significantly increased (P<0.05). Superoxides 189-199 Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, early onset) 7 Mus musculus 118-122 33781891-0 2021 Epigenetic silencing of GTP cyclohydrolase 1 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma growth by activating superoxide anion-mediated ASK1/p38 signaling via inhibiting tetrahydrobiopterin de novo biosynthesis. Superoxides 100-116 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 Homo sapiens 126-130 33781891-10 2021 Further mechanistic studies found that GCH1 silencing-induced BH4 reduction resulted in an increase of intracellular superoxide anion levels in a dose-dependent manner, which mediated the activation of ASK1/p38 signaling. Superoxides 117-133 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 Homo sapiens 202-206 33978928-7 2021 Down-regulation of XIST significantly promoted pulmonary edema, increased the levels of TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and malondialdehyde, inhibited the cell viability and decreased the level of superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 185-195 uncharacterized LOC100911498 Rattus norvegicus 19-23 34040527-9 2021 Both EPR and LCMS studies confirmed a significant increase in the ROS production in the NQO2 overexpressing cells due to the fast reduction of quinone into quinol that can re-oxidize to form superoxide radicals. Superoxides 191-201 N-ribosyldihydronicotinamide:quinone reductase 2 Homo sapiens 88-92 34040527-11 2021 Whereas NQO2 inhibition decreases the amount of superoxide in the first case by decreasing the amount of quinol formed, it increased the toxicity of menadione in the cells co-expressing both enzymes. Superoxides 48-58 N-ribosyldihydronicotinamide:quinone reductase 2 Homo sapiens 8-12 33508742-4 2021 Meg3 knockdown induces cellular senescence of endothelial cells characterized by increased senescence-associated beta-galactosidase activity, increased levels of endogenous superoxide, impaired mitochondrial structure and function, and impaired autophagy. Superoxides 173-183 maternally expressed 3 Mus musculus 0-4 33550097-9 2021 Furthermore, capsaicin decreased ox-LDL-induced superoxide anion generation by activating peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). Superoxides 48-64 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha Homo sapiens 90-138 33550097-9 2021 Furthermore, capsaicin decreased ox-LDL-induced superoxide anion generation by activating peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha). Superoxides 48-64 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha Homo sapiens 140-149 33693864-12 2021 As compared to the CD group, the HFD group showed an ~80% higher malondialdehyde level, and ~20% lower superoxide dismutase activity (P < 0.05), which were normalized in the HFD + MFGM group. Superoxides 103-113 milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing Homo sapiens 180-184 33732696-6 2021 The pharmacological dissociation of the GSTP1-JNK heterocomplex resulted in the activation of JNK, which led to a significant decrease in sperm viability, motility, mitochondrial activity, and plasma membrane stability, as well as to an increase of intracellular superoxides. Superoxides 263-274 glutathione S-transferase P-like Sus scrofa 40-45 33476796-1 2021 Superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) is an extracellular protein with the capacity to convert superoxide into hydrogen peroxide, an important secondary messenger in redox regulation. Superoxides 87-97 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular b Danio rerio 0-22 33476796-1 2021 Superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) is an extracellular protein with the capacity to convert superoxide into hydrogen peroxide, an important secondary messenger in redox regulation. Superoxides 87-97 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular b Danio rerio 24-28 33541361-9 2021 RESULTS: Overexpression of SIRT3 in the CA1 region attenuated anesthesia/surgery-induced learning and memory dysfunction as well as synaptic plasticity dysfunction and the oxidative stress response (superoxide dismutase [SOD] and malondialdehyde [MDA]) in aged mice with POCD. Superoxides 199-209 sirtuin 3 Mus musculus 27-32 32780460-5 2021 In addition, oral administration of E-DRS also increased the content of nonenzymatic antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the liver of mice. Superoxides 182-192 sushi-repeat-containing protein Mus musculus 38-41 33501847-6 2021 Components of pepper, piperine and beta-caryophyllene were found to interact with superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] and apoptotic protease-activating factor-1-caspase-9 through different amino acids via H-bonds. Superoxides 82-92 caspase 9 Homo sapiens 154-163 33360774-8 2021 Mechanistically, c-Myc knockdown triggered mitochondrial superoxide generation, which was related to decreased expression and subsequent impaired mitochondrial localization of hexokinase 2 (HXK2). Superoxides 57-67 hexokinase 2 Mus musculus 176-188 33360774-8 2021 Mechanistically, c-Myc knockdown triggered mitochondrial superoxide generation, which was related to decreased expression and subsequent impaired mitochondrial localization of hexokinase 2 (HXK2). Superoxides 57-67 hexokinase 2 Mus musculus 190-194 33360774-9 2021 The role of HXK2 in aFGF-mediated attenuation of mitochondrial superoxide levels and EC protection was further confirmed by si-Hxk2 and a cell-permeable form of hexokinase II VDAC binding domain (HXK2VBD) peptide, which inhibits mitochondrial localization of HXK2. Superoxides 63-73 hexokinase 2 Mus musculus 12-16 33181440-2 2021 Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) was reported to inhibit superoxide generation from nNOS protein. Superoxides 54-64 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 0-21 33181440-2 2021 Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) was reported to inhibit superoxide generation from nNOS protein. Superoxides 54-64 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 23-28 33181440-6 2021 In the present work, purified recombinant human Hsp90alpha, in its native dimeric state, was used in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spin trapping experiments to study the effects of Hsp90alpha on superoxide generation from nNOS splice variants nNOSmu and nNOSalpha. Superoxides 203-213 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 48-58 33181440-7 2021 Human Hsp90alpha was found to significantly increase superoxide generation from nNOSmu and nNOSalpha proteins under l-Arg-depleted conditions and Hsp90alpha influenced superoxide production by nNOSmu and nNOSalpha at varying degrees. Superoxides 53-63 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 6-16 33181440-7 2021 Human Hsp90alpha was found to significantly increase superoxide generation from nNOSmu and nNOSalpha proteins under l-Arg-depleted conditions and Hsp90alpha influenced superoxide production by nNOSmu and nNOSalpha at varying degrees. Superoxides 168-178 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 6-16 33181440-7 2021 Human Hsp90alpha was found to significantly increase superoxide generation from nNOSmu and nNOSalpha proteins under l-Arg-depleted conditions and Hsp90alpha influenced superoxide production by nNOSmu and nNOSalpha at varying degrees. Superoxides 168-178 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 146-156 33181440-8 2021 Imidazole suppressed the spin adduct signal, indicating that superoxide was produced at the heme site of nNOS in the presence of Hsp90alpha, whereas l-Arg repletion diminished superoxide production by the nNOS-Hsp90alpha. Superoxides 61-71 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 129-139 33181440-8 2021 Imidazole suppressed the spin adduct signal, indicating that superoxide was produced at the heme site of nNOS in the presence of Hsp90alpha, whereas l-Arg repletion diminished superoxide production by the nNOS-Hsp90alpha. Superoxides 61-71 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 210-220 33181440-8 2021 Imidazole suppressed the spin adduct signal, indicating that superoxide was produced at the heme site of nNOS in the presence of Hsp90alpha, whereas l-Arg repletion diminished superoxide production by the nNOS-Hsp90alpha. Superoxides 176-186 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 210-220 33181440-10 2021 Together, these EPR spin trapping and NADPH oxidation kinetics results demonstrated noticeable Hsp90alpha-induced increases in superoxide production by nNOS and a distinguishable effect of Hsp90alpha on nNOSmu and nNOSalpha proteins. Superoxides 127-137 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 95-105 33389832-7 2020 RESULTS: Both applications of VEGF caused decreases in plasma levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), intestinal malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidized glutathione, protein carbonyl levels, and increases in intestinal total glutathione and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. Superoxides 266-276 vascular endothelial growth factor A Rattus norvegicus 30-34 33084194-7 2020 LAP displayed a strong antioxidant activity at low concentrations evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-radical scavenging, ferric reducing activity power (FRAP), free radical scavenging ability, superoxide radical-scavenging and hydroxyl radical-scavenging abilities. Superoxides 212-230 LAP Homo sapiens 0-3 32853868-0 2020 NADPH oxidase and mitochondria are relevant sources of superoxide anion in the oxinflammatory response of macrophages exposed to airborne particulate matter. Superoxides 55-71 NADPH oxidase Drosophila melanogaster 0-13 32853868-10 2020 Finally, NADPH oxidase (NOX) and mitochondria were identified as the main sources of superoxide anion () in our model. Superoxides 85-101 NADPH oxidase Drosophila melanogaster 9-22 33080281-8 2020 Cell-based results demonstrated that MET was able to reduce UVB-induced intracellular ROS and NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide (O2 ) production. Superoxides 118-128 SAFB like transcription modulator Homo sapiens 37-40 32721518-2 2020 Here we have shown that, under the conditions of a gradual decrease in dissolved oxygen (dO2), characteristic of batch culture, the global regulatory system ArcB/ArcA can play an important role in the coordinated control of extracellular superoxide and GSH fluxes and their interaction with intracellular antioxidant systems. Superoxides 238-248 hypothetical protein Escherichia coli 157-161 32721518-3 2020 The lowest superoxide production was observed in the menA and arcB mutants, while the atpA, atpC and atpE mutants generated superoxide 1.3-1.5 times faster than the parent. Superoxides 11-21 hypothetical protein Escherichia coli 62-66 32758662-4 2020 Superoxide is produced by the phagocyte NADPH oxidase, a complex enzyme composed of two membrane subunits, gp91phox or NOX2 and p22phox, and four cytosolic components p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and Rac2. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 128-135 32758662-4 2020 Superoxide is produced by the phagocyte NADPH oxidase, a complex enzyme composed of two membrane subunits, gp91phox or NOX2 and p22phox, and four cytosolic components p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and Rac2. Superoxides 0-10 neutrophil cytosolic factor 4 Homo sapiens 185-192 33172133-9 2020 At a concentration of 1.00 mg/mL, the antioxidant activities of PAP-1 on the DPPH radical scavenging rate, superoxide anion radical scavenging rate, and ABTS radical rate at 1.00 mg/mL were 56.40%, 54.27%, and 42.07%, respectively. Superoxides 107-131 regenerating family member 3 alpha Homo sapiens 64-69 32767062-8 2020 Furthermore, inhibition of SIRT1 by EX527 completely counteracted the protective effect of melatonin on Ti particle-treated BMMSCs, evidenced by the reduced expression of SOD2, increased ROS and superoxide, and decreased osteogenic differentiation. Superoxides 195-205 sirtuin 1 Mus musculus 27-32 32901881-6 2020 The present results suggested that the expression levels of Trx, Txnip and ITCH in HLECs cultured with different glucose concentrations were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting, and the apoptotic rate of the cells was detected by flow cytometry and superoxide detection assay. Superoxides 285-295 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 60-63 32833426-8 2020 Adropin successfully restored striatal DA; attenuated rotenone-induced motor/behaviour deficits along with strong gastroprotective potential, possibly through antioxidant activity via reduction in malondialdehyde level and upregulated superoxide dismutase, catalase activities and serum ferric reducing antioxidant power. Superoxides 235-245 energy homeostasis associated Rattus norvegicus 0-7 31388672-7 2020 Experiments in acellular systems confirmed that GGT-mediated metabolism of GSH can potentiate crocidolite-dependent production of superoxide anion, through the production of highly reactive dipeptide thiol cysteinyl-glycine. Superoxides 130-146 gamma-glutamyltransferase light chain family member 3 Homo sapiens 48-51 31902083-8 2020 More specifically, APNp increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation-dependent Drp1 serine 637 (S637) phosphorylation, which inhibited the translocation of Drp1 to the mitochondrial membrane and reduced mitochondrial fragmentation and the production of mitochondrial superoxide, ultimately attenuating inflammatory brain injury induced by hemorrhage. Superoxides 279-289 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Mus musculus 19-23 32967666-10 2020 In a dose-dependent manner, ZnO-NPs upregulated the mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase: SOD1; catalase: CAT; glutathione peroxidase-1: GPX 1) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (interferon alpha: IFN-alpha; interleukin 6: IL-6) in liver and brain tissues. Superoxides 88-98 superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Coturnix japonica 110-114 32647007-7 2020 Loss of EC-SOD-mediated antioxidative activity resulted in significant accumulation of superoxide radicals (WT, 4.54 mumol/mg tissue/min; CatA-TG, 8.62 mumol/mg tissue/min), increased inflammation, myocyte hypertrophy (WT, 19.8 mum; CatA-TG, 21.9 mum), cellular apoptosis, and elevated mRNA expression of hypertrophy-related and profibrotic marker genes, without affecting intracellular detoxifying proteins. Superoxides 87-97 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 8-14 32738790-1 2020 NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5) is a transmembrane signaling enzyme that produces superoxide in response to elevated cytosolic calcium. Superoxides 73-83 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 0-15 32738790-1 2020 NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5) is a transmembrane signaling enzyme that produces superoxide in response to elevated cytosolic calcium. Superoxides 73-83 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 17-21 32686606-7 2020 The activity levels of biochemical biomarkers superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) demonstrated a concentration-dependent decrease while glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) were markedly elevated. Superoxides 46-56 catalase Danio rerio 87-90 32494847-4 2020 We found that the defect in endothelial sirtuin 1 deacetylase activity is associated with (a) elevated basal and stimulated levels of superoxide generation (via the FoxO1 over-acetylation mechanism) and (b) increased nuclear translocation of NF-kB (via p65 over-acetylation mechanism). Superoxides 134-144 sirtuin 1 Mus musculus 40-49 32512497-2 2020 Herein we report that increase in intracellular superoxide induces phospho-stabilization and activation of c-Myc in cancer cells. Superoxides 48-58 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 107-112 32512497-3 2020 Importantly, sustained phospho-S62 c-Myc was necessary for promoting superoxide dependent chemoresistance as non-phosphorylatable S62A c-Myc was insensitive to the redox impact when subjected to chemotherapeutic insults. Superoxides 69-79 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 37-40 32512497-3 2020 Importantly, sustained phospho-S62 c-Myc was necessary for promoting superoxide dependent chemoresistance as non-phosphorylatable S62A c-Myc was insensitive to the redox impact when subjected to chemotherapeutic insults. Superoxides 69-79 MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor Homo sapiens 35-40 32512497-4 2020 This redox-dependent sustained S62 phosphorylation occurs through nitrative inhibition of phosphatase, PP2A, brought about by peroxynitrite, a reaction product of superoxide and nitric oxide. Superoxides 163-173 protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator Homo sapiens 103-107 32520965-12 2020 beta-glucan upregulated the expression of intestinal occludin mRNA particularly at dose 0.5 beta-glucan as well as upregulated intestinal superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), which modulates anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Superoxides 138-148 superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Oryctolagus cuniculus 162-166 31203730-1 2020 The superoxide-generating activity of Nox5 is regulated by Ca2+ flux, primarily through its self-contained calcium binding domain (EFD). Superoxides 4-14 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 38-42 32026480-8 2020 We hypothesized hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1alpha), an O2 -sensitive transcription factor, is necessary in the NTS for normal VAH. Superoxides 66-68 hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit Mus musculus 16-48 32026480-8 2020 We hypothesized hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1alpha), an O2 -sensitive transcription factor, is necessary in the NTS for normal VAH. Superoxides 66-68 hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit Mus musculus 50-60 31775551-7 2020 The concentrations of interleukin-1beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) showed dose- and time-dependent increases and the levels of these inflammatory mediators are consistent with the data of inflammatory cells in BALF and progressive lung damages by In2O3 NPs. Superoxides 328-333 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Rattus norvegicus 74-108 32046944-5 2020 In contrast, high concentrations of Abeta (10 muM) along with high levels of superoxide production remarkably attenuated accumulation of p-Ser422 Tau, but augmented ACL expression and activated sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), leading to cellular senescence. Superoxides 77-87 sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 Mus musculus 194-237 32046944-5 2020 In contrast, high concentrations of Abeta (10 muM) along with high levels of superoxide production remarkably attenuated accumulation of p-Ser422 Tau, but augmented ACL expression and activated sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP1), leading to cellular senescence. Superoxides 77-87 sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1 Mus musculus 239-245 32008372-9 2020 Increased activities of iNOS and NOX1 enzymes at MEPs in obese mice generated higher levels of NO and superoxide radicals, resulting in increased local peroxynitrite formation and subsequent oxidation of the regulatory protein AKAP150 at cysteine 36, to impair AKAP150-TRPV4 channel signaling at MEPs. Superoxides 102-112 A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 5 Mus musculus 227-234 32008372-9 2020 Increased activities of iNOS and NOX1 enzymes at MEPs in obese mice generated higher levels of NO and superoxide radicals, resulting in increased local peroxynitrite formation and subsequent oxidation of the regulatory protein AKAP150 at cysteine 36, to impair AKAP150-TRPV4 channel signaling at MEPs. Superoxides 102-112 A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 5 Mus musculus 261-268 32008372-9 2020 Increased activities of iNOS and NOX1 enzymes at MEPs in obese mice generated higher levels of NO and superoxide radicals, resulting in increased local peroxynitrite formation and subsequent oxidation of the regulatory protein AKAP150 at cysteine 36, to impair AKAP150-TRPV4 channel signaling at MEPs. Superoxides 102-112 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 4 Mus musculus 269-274 31972307-2 2020 We found that miR-574-5p and HIF-1alpha were up-regulated in gastric cancer cells cultured under 2% O2 or in medium containing CoCl2, and in muscle tissues of mice injected with NaNO2, indicating up-regulation of miR-574-5p in vitro or in vivo in response to hypoxic conditions. Superoxides 100-102 hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit Mus musculus 29-39 32119761-5 2020 SIRT3 deficiency delayed healing rate, reduced blood supply and vascular endothelial growth factor expression, promoted superoxide production, increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, decreased total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and aggravated ultrastructure disorder in skin wound of diabetic mice. Superoxides 120-130 sirtuin 3 Mus musculus 0-5 32119761-7 2020 SIRT3 deficiency also suppressed alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) expression, enhanced superoxide production but decreased mitochondrial membrane potential with HG stimulation after scratch. Superoxides 92-102 sirtuin 3 Mus musculus 0-5 31939288-13 2020 Compounds 4 - 6 were found to induce an NADPH oxidase activity in TGR, leading to the production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 100-110 thioredoxin reductase 3 Homo sapiens 66-69 31753617-9 2020 HES-SLN also decreased malondialdehyde, increased catalase and superoxide dismutase of rats" heart to levels relatively comparable to control. Superoxides 63-73 sarcolipin Rattus norvegicus 4-7 31865514-8 2020 Finally, pesticide exposure induced an increase in the superoxide dismutase/catalase ratio. Superoxides 55-65 catalase Danio rerio 76-84 31872977-3 2020 In this report, we have designed an innovative hypoxia sensor (O2 CreER) based on the O2 -dependent degradation domain of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and Cre recombinase. Superoxides 63-65 hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit Mus musculus 126-157 31872977-3 2020 In this report, we have designed an innovative hypoxia sensor (O2 CreER) based on the O2 -dependent degradation domain of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha and Cre recombinase. Superoxides 86-88 hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit Mus musculus 126-157 31924036-1 2020 A novel NBent-NTiO2-Chit nanocomposite has been synthesized from the crosslinking combination of nanotitanium oxide-chitosan (NTiO2-Chit) and nanotitanium oxide-bentonite (NTiO2-Bent) via formaldehyde. Superoxides 14-19 chitinase 1 Homo sapiens 20-24 31924036-2 2020 The characterization of NBent-NTiO2-Chit was confirmed by different instrumentations. Superoxides 30-35 chitinase 1 Homo sapiens 36-40 31924036-4 2020 The FT-IR of NBent-NTiO2-Chit confirmed the presence of OH, N-H, Si-O-Al and Si-O-Si functional groups. Superoxides 19-24 chitinase 1 Homo sapiens 25-29 31924036-5 2020 Four thermal degradation steps were characterized from the TGA of NBent-NTiO2-Chit with a total loss = 23.514% in the temperature range 30-600 C. The assembled nanocomposite enhanced the removal of two important classes of antibiotics including Levofloxacin (LEVO) Ceftriaxone (CFT) in the forms of Fluoroquinolone and Cephalosporin, respectively. Superoxides 72-77 chitinase 1 Homo sapiens 78-82 31924036-8 2020 The enhancement in removal percentage of LEVO to 92.4% was mainly established by increasing the dose of NBent-NTiO2-Chit to 60.0 mg. Superoxides 110-115 chitinase 1 Homo sapiens 116-120 31924036-11 2020 The thermodynamics parameters of NBent-NTiO2-Chit were evaluated and referred that the reaction is spontaneous and endothermic. Superoxides 39-44 chitinase 1 Homo sapiens 45-49 31924036-12 2020 The kinetic studies of NBent-NTiO2-Chit with LEVO and CFT antibiotics were better fitted by the pseudo-second-order based on the acquired R2 values as 0.999 and 0.997 for LEVO and CFT, respectively. Superoxides 29-34 chitinase 1 Homo sapiens 35-39 31924036-13 2020 The results proved that the designed NBent-NTiO2-Chit was successively implemented for extraction of LEVO and CFT from industrial wastewater providing percentage values 83.2 and 79.0% using 10.0 and 150.0 +- 1.0 mg NBent-NTiO2-Chit, respectively. Superoxides 43-48 chitinase 1 Homo sapiens 49-53 31924036-13 2020 The results proved that the designed NBent-NTiO2-Chit was successively implemented for extraction of LEVO and CFT from industrial wastewater providing percentage values 83.2 and 79.0% using 10.0 and 150.0 +- 1.0 mg NBent-NTiO2-Chit, respectively. Superoxides 43-48 chitinase 1 Homo sapiens 227-231 31924036-13 2020 The results proved that the designed NBent-NTiO2-Chit was successively implemented for extraction of LEVO and CFT from industrial wastewater providing percentage values 83.2 and 79.0% using 10.0 and 150.0 +- 1.0 mg NBent-NTiO2-Chit, respectively. Superoxides 221-226 chitinase 1 Homo sapiens 49-53 31989982-6 2020 The results showed that the KMnO4-modification resulted in a successful loading of the vermicompost biochar with MnO2, which greatly improved its adsorption capacity for Cd2+. Superoxides 28-33 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 170-173 31989982-10 2020 Hence, KMnO4 modification has a significant effect on the Cd2+ adsorption behavior of vermicompost biochar. Superoxides 7-12 CD2 molecule Homo sapiens 58-61 31825806-1 2020 Cytochrome b5 reductase is an enzyme with the ability to generate superoxide anion at the expenses of NADH. Superoxides 66-76 cytochrome b5 type A Homo sapiens 0-13 31825806-6 2020 Upon complex formation with cytochrome b5 reductase, juglone is able to act as an electron acceptor leading to NADH consumption stimulation and increase of superoxide anion production by the reductase. Superoxides 156-166 cytochrome b5 type A Homo sapiens 28-41 31799827-4 2020 Consequently, the La4NiLiO8 shielded LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (LSN5) not only offers a 4.1x less charge transfer resistance and significantly higher discharge capacity (219.7 mAh g-1) than the non-shielded NCM (187 mAh g-1) and theoretical capacities of commercial cathode materials but also maintains more than 91.7% of capacity retention at 25 oC after 500 cycles and 84.2% at 60 oC after 200 cycles. Superoxides 53-56 CWC22 spliceosome associated protein homolog Homo sapiens 201-204 32993399-8 2020 Knockdown of ANGPTL2 significantly inhibited the H/R-caused increase in levels of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1beta, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, as well as a decrease in superoxide dismutase activity in the HK-2 cells. Superoxides 253-263 angiopoietin like 2 Homo sapiens 13-20 31864276-5 2019 Further oxidative decomposition of such CEI fragments to release CO2 gas is however predicted to require higher voltages consistent with LixNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) at smaller x values. Superoxides 149-152 chromosome 5 open reading frame 38 Homo sapiens 40-43 31867480-5 2019 The two Co(II) ions in Co2 were in the N2O4 and NO5 coordination environment and were linked by two mu2-OAc- bridges and one rare mu3-OAc- bridge. Superoxides 39-43 complement C2 Homo sapiens 23-26 31137980-10 2019 Inhibition of hydrogen peroxide production from superoxide anions in the gp91phox-/- status prevented the increased TEWL and decreased skin hydration level noted with degradation of NLRP3 and caspase-1. Superoxides 48-58 paired Ig-like receptor B Mus musculus 73-77 31137980-10 2019 Inhibition of hydrogen peroxide production from superoxide anions in the gp91phox-/- status prevented the increased TEWL and decreased skin hydration level noted with degradation of NLRP3 and caspase-1. Superoxides 48-58 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 182-187 31717974-7 2019 Moreover, it was shown that an activation of mTOR and Pi3k signaling pathways with 1 mol% Er3+, 20 mol% Yb3+: KYP2O7 can promote the MC3T3-E1 cells expression of late osteogenic markers including RUNX and BMP-2. Superoxides 110-116 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Mus musculus 45-49 31466719-12 2019 PDIA3-/- mice following TBI showed attenuated oxidative stress, as proved by the restored superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) activities, and the down-regulated malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in brain samples. Superoxides 90-100 protein disulfide isomerase associated 3 Mus musculus 0-5 31313616-7 2019 DJ-1 knockdown in human primary ATII cells sensitized cells to mitochondrial dysfunction as detected by high mitochondrial superoxide production, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, and calcium elevation. Superoxides 123-133 Parkinsonism associated deglycase Homo sapiens 0-4 31558736-4 2019 Furthermore, both SOD and APX enzyme activity in leaves were improved, and enhanced the metabolism of superoxide, leading to increased drought resistance. Superoxides 102-112 ascorbate peroxidase 2 Zea mays 26-29 31701075-3 2019 Here, we demonstrate a role of sulfatase 2 (SULF2), a 6-O-endosulfatase modulating various growth factors and cytokine-related signaling pathways controlling tumor cell proliferation and survival, in the regulation of autophagy in HCC cells. Superoxides 54-57 sulfatase 2 Homo sapiens 31-42 31701075-3 2019 Here, we demonstrate a role of sulfatase 2 (SULF2), a 6-O-endosulfatase modulating various growth factors and cytokine-related signaling pathways controlling tumor cell proliferation and survival, in the regulation of autophagy in HCC cells. Superoxides 54-57 sulfatase 2 Homo sapiens 44-49 31637008-8 2019 Compared with the free drug, As2O3-NPs increased GSDME-N expression and decreased Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b, and Dnmt1 expression in Huh7 cells. Superoxides 29-34 DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha Homo sapiens 82-88 31637008-8 2019 Compared with the free drug, As2O3-NPs increased GSDME-N expression and decreased Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b, and Dnmt1 expression in Huh7 cells. Superoxides 29-34 DNA methyltransferase 3 beta Homo sapiens 90-96 31637008-9 2019 In vivo, As2O3-NPs induced a significant decrease in the expression of Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b and Dnmt1, but significantly upregulated the expression of GSDME-N (gasdermin E (GSDME) was originally found to be related to deafness; recently, it has been defined as a gasdermin family member associated with pyroptosis). Superoxides 9-14 DNA methyltransferase 3 alpha Homo sapiens 71-77 31637008-9 2019 In vivo, As2O3-NPs induced a significant decrease in the expression of Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b and Dnmt1, but significantly upregulated the expression of GSDME-N (gasdermin E (GSDME) was originally found to be related to deafness; recently, it has been defined as a gasdermin family member associated with pyroptosis). Superoxides 9-14 DNA methyltransferase 3 beta Homo sapiens 79-85 31637008-10 2019 As2O3-NPs inhibited tumor growth more strongly than As2O3 or control, a finding likely attributed to the downregulation of PCNA and DNMT-related proteins and the upregulation of GSDME-N. Superoxides 0-5 proliferating cell nuclear antigen Homo sapiens 123-127 31125883-5 2019 Further, root dipping treatment of H2O2 to plants under stress and stress-free conditions enhanced accumulation of proline and activity of catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase, whereas production of superoxide radical (O2 ) and H2O2 were decreased. Superoxides 37-39 iron superoxide dismutase Solanum lycopersicum 165-185 31229571-7 2019 Cellular levels of superoxide and peroxides increased at 40 C and 42 C. Heat shock (42 C)-induced increases in Prx3 and Prx-SO3 were inhibited by antioxidants (PEG-catalase, MnTBAP) and a Nrf2 shRNA. Superoxides 19-29 periaxin Homo sapiens 114-117 30884213-9 2019 The antifibrotic effect of CYR-61 was further demonstrated by delay in wound healing, inhibition of gel contraction, inactivation of the transforming growth factor beta pathway, and early superoxide production associated with senescence in SSc fibroblasts. Superoxides 188-198 cellular communication network factor 1 Homo sapiens 27-33 30548643-6 2019 Knockdown of FOXO6 by small interfeing RNA targeting FOXO6 (si-FOXO6) mitigated the HG-induced the production of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, as well as the inhibition of superoxide dismutase activity. Superoxides 187-197 forkhead box O6 Homo sapiens 13-18 30548643-6 2019 Knockdown of FOXO6 by small interfeing RNA targeting FOXO6 (si-FOXO6) mitigated the HG-induced the production of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, as well as the inhibition of superoxide dismutase activity. Superoxides 187-197 forkhead box O6 Homo sapiens 53-58 30548643-6 2019 Knockdown of FOXO6 by small interfeing RNA targeting FOXO6 (si-FOXO6) mitigated the HG-induced the production of reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde, as well as the inhibition of superoxide dismutase activity. Superoxides 187-197 forkhead box O6 Homo sapiens 53-58 30848893-6 2019 The biological functional assessments revealed that the modifications inhibited the activity of TPIS and induced the activity of ENOA, in vitro and in vivo, followed by an increase in the level of cellular methylglyoxal, advanced glycation end products, and reactive oxygen species/superoxide, and the induction of mitochondrial dysfunction, which further inhibited oxidative phosphorylation and stimulated glycolysis. Superoxides 282-292 enolase 1 Homo sapiens 129-133 30594624-4 2019 In vascular endothelial cells, NO donor (diethylenetriamine/nitric oxide adduct) significantly attenuated NADPH oxidase-derived O2- generation via a HO-1-dependent mechanism. Superoxides 128-130 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 149-153 30173356-5 2019 Expression of the downstream signaling molecule of PPAR-alpha, the mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), was up-regulated in the baroreflex afferent pathway under similar experimental conditions, along with amelioration of reduced superoxide dismutase activity and increased superoxide in HFD rats. Superoxides 236-246 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha Rattus norvegicus 51-61 30394045-6 2018 Moreover, the atg1 and atg8 mutants aggregated more H2O2 and O2 - than the wild-type yeast. Superoxides 54-56 serine/threonine protein kinase ATG1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 14-18 30394045-7 2018 In addition, inhibitors of the ROS scavenging enzyme induced expression of the ATG1 and ATG8 genes by increasing the levels of H2O2 and O2 -. Superoxides 129-131 serine/threonine protein kinase ATG1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 79-83 30394045-8 2018 In contrast, glutathione (GSH) and N-acetylcystine (NAC) decreased the ATG1 and ATG8 expression by reducing H2O2 and O2 - production. Superoxides 110-112 serine/threonine protein kinase ATG1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 71-75 30619489-10 2018 On the contrary, NDT1 overexpression brings about on the one hand, a decrease in the respiratory efficiency generating harmful superoxide anions, and on the other, a decrease in gluconeogenesis and trehalose stores: all this is reflected into a time-dependent loss of mitochondrial functionality during chronological aging. Superoxides 127-144 NAD+ transporter Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 17-21 30504838-1 2018 NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDAR) trigger superoxide production by neuronal NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX2), which if sustained leads to cell death. Superoxides 46-56 glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA1 (zeta 1) Mus musculus 0-29 30504838-1 2018 NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDAR) trigger superoxide production by neuronal NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX2), which if sustained leads to cell death. Superoxides 46-56 glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA1 (zeta 1) Mus musculus 31-36 30504838-8 2018 Neurons expressing either GluN2B subunits or chimeric GluN2A/GluN2B C-terminus subunits exhibited NMDA-induced superoxide production, whereas neurons expressing chimeric GluN2B/GluN2A C-terminus subunits did not. Superoxides 111-121 glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA2B (epsilon 2) Mus musculus 26-32 30504838-8 2018 Neurons expressing either GluN2B subunits or chimeric GluN2A/GluN2B C-terminus subunits exhibited NMDA-induced superoxide production, whereas neurons expressing chimeric GluN2B/GluN2A C-terminus subunits did not. Superoxides 111-121 glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA2A (epsilon 1) Mus musculus 54-60 30222979-3 2018 Using recombinant human enzyme, we discovered that cytochrome b5 reductase mediates redox cycling of a variety of quinones generating superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and, in the presence of transition metals, hydroxyl radicals. Superoxides 134-150 cytochrome b5 type A Homo sapiens 51-64 30179714-8 2018 High level of mitochondrial superoxide generation was observed in the transfected cells and NS3-4A and NS4A triggered a cascade of activation starting from caspase-9, then caspase-7 and caspase-3 that ultimately led to the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase PARP. Superoxides 28-38 caspase 9 Homo sapiens 156-165 30179714-8 2018 High level of mitochondrial superoxide generation was observed in the transfected cells and NS3-4A and NS4A triggered a cascade of activation starting from caspase-9, then caspase-7 and caspase-3 that ultimately led to the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase PARP. Superoxides 28-38 caspase 7 Homo sapiens 172-181 29953890-6 2018 MP1 possessed a moderate antioxidant activity in vitro in DPPH, ABTS, superoxide and hydroxyl radicals scavenging, Fe2+ chelating, lipid peroxidation inhibition and reducing power assays. Superoxides 70-80 pitrilysin metallepetidase 1 Mus musculus 0-3 29949402-6 2018 Using an NADPH oxidase inhibitor and gp91phox-deficient mouse neutrophils, we found that NAPDH oxidase was required for PMA-stimulated superoxide production and that Olfm4 mediated H2O2-induced superoxide production through NADPH oxidase, in mouse neutrophils. Superoxides 194-204 olfactomedin 4 Mus musculus 166-171 29802924-6 2018 Importantly, fraction RRP1 demonstrated stronger antioxidative activities than RRP2 by scavenging DPPH, hydroxyl and superoxide anion radicals in vitro. Superoxides 117-142 ribosome binding protein 1 Mus musculus 79-83 28601846-6 2018 RESULTS: The impaired superoxide production by patients" neutrophils was associated with a severe deficient expression of the NADPH oxidase catalytic core flavocytochrome-b558 (gp91 phox /NOX2 and p22 phox ), its cytosolic partner p47 phox but not p67 phox . Superoxides 22-32 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 197-205 28601846-6 2018 RESULTS: The impaired superoxide production by patients" neutrophils was associated with a severe deficient expression of the NADPH oxidase catalytic core flavocytochrome-b558 (gp91 phox /NOX2 and p22 phox ), its cytosolic partner p47 phox but not p67 phox . Superoxides 22-32 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 231-234 31565647-6 2018 Moreover, RQ-PCR analysis revealed that the enhanced cytotoxic effect of As2O3 in the presence of melatonin is mediated, at least partly, through suppressing the expression of NF-kappaB anti-apoptotic target genes such as MCL-1, BCL-2, survivin, XIAP, and c-IAP1 in breast cancer cells. Superoxides 73-78 MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member Homo sapiens 222-227 29718541-0 2018 Differential cell surface recruitment of the superoxide-producing NADPH oxidases Nox1, Nox2 and Nox5: The role of the small GTPase Sar1. Superoxides 45-55 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 96-100 29718541-0 2018 Differential cell surface recruitment of the superoxide-producing NADPH oxidases Nox1, Nox2 and Nox5: The role of the small GTPase Sar1. Superoxides 45-55 secretion associated Ras related GTPase 1A Homo sapiens 131-135 29718541-2 2018 Here, we show that the bona fide nonglycoprotein Nox5, a transmembrane superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase, is transported to the cell surface in a manner resistant to co-expression of Sar1 (H79G), a GTP-fixed mutant of the small GTPase Sar1, which blocks COPII vesicle fission from the ER. Superoxides 71-81 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 49-53 29526807-4 2018 Notably, the overexpression of dihydronicotinamide riboside:quinone oxidoreductase (QR2) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells increases the production of ROS, mainly superoxide radicals, when it is exposed to exogenous catechol-quinones (e.g. dopachrome, aminochrome, and adrenochrome). Superoxides 166-176 quinone oxidoreductase Cricetulus griseus 60-82 29526807-4 2018 Notably, the overexpression of dihydronicotinamide riboside:quinone oxidoreductase (QR2) in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells increases the production of ROS, mainly superoxide radicals, when it is exposed to exogenous catechol-quinones (e.g. dopachrome, aminochrome, and adrenochrome). Superoxides 166-176 N-ribosyldihydronicotinamide:quinone reductase 2 Homo sapiens 84-87 29526807-8 2018 Taken together, these data suggest that the overexpression of QR2 in brain cells in the presence of catechol quinones might lead to ROS-induced cell death via the rapid conversion of superoxide radicals into hydrogen peroxide and then into highly reactive hydroxyl radicals. Superoxides 183-202 N-ribosyldihydronicotinamide:quinone reductase 2 Homo sapiens 62-65 29363842-2 2018 In macrophages, GH enhances the production of hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anions, nitric oxide, cytokines, and chemokines, including interferon-gamma and macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha. Superoxides 65-82 growth hormone Mus musculus 16-18 29529199-5 2018 In this study we explored the hypothesis that superoxide anions participate in the generation of the Parkin and PINK1 associated phenotypic effect by testing the capacity of endogenous and exogenous superoxide dismutating molecules to rescue the toxic effects induced by loss of PINK1 or Parkin, in both cellular and fly models. Superoxides 46-56 PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 112-117 29529199-7 2018 A more pronounced effectiveness for mitochondrial SOD2 activity points to the superoxide radicals generated in the mitochondrial matrix as the prime suspect in the definition of the observed phenotypes. Superoxides 78-88 Superoxide dismutase 2 (Mn) Drosophila melanogaster 50-54 29274570-0 2018 Characterization of the impact of glutaredoxin-2 (GRX2) deficiency on superoxide/hydrogen peroxide release from cardiac and liver mitochondria. Superoxides 70-80 glutaredoxin 2 (thioltransferase) Mus musculus 34-48 29274570-0 2018 Characterization of the impact of glutaredoxin-2 (GRX2) deficiency on superoxide/hydrogen peroxide release from cardiac and liver mitochondria. Superoxides 70-80 glutaredoxin 2 (thioltransferase) Mus musculus 50-54 29274570-3 2018 Here, we conducted the first examination of O2 -/H2O2 release rates from cardiac and liver mitochondria isolated from mice deficient for glutaredoxin-2 (GRX2), a matrix-associated thiol oxidoreductase that facilitates the S-glutathionylation and deglutathionylation of proteins. Superoxides 44-46 glutaredoxin 2 (thioltransferase) Mus musculus 137-151 29274570-3 2018 Here, we conducted the first examination of O2 -/H2O2 release rates from cardiac and liver mitochondria isolated from mice deficient for glutaredoxin-2 (GRX2), a matrix-associated thiol oxidoreductase that facilitates the S-glutathionylation and deglutathionylation of proteins. Superoxides 44-46 glutaredoxin 2 (thioltransferase) Mus musculus 153-157 29274570-4 2018 Liver mitochondria isolated from mice heterozygous (GRX2+/-) and homozygous (GRX2-/-) for glutaredoxin-2 displayed a significant decrease in O2 -/H2O2 release when oxidizing pyruvate or 2-oxoglutarate. Superoxides 141-143 glutaredoxin 2 (thioltransferase) Mus musculus 52-56 29274570-4 2018 Liver mitochondria isolated from mice heterozygous (GRX2+/-) and homozygous (GRX2-/-) for glutaredoxin-2 displayed a significant decrease in O2 -/H2O2 release when oxidizing pyruvate or 2-oxoglutarate. Superoxides 141-143 glutaredoxin 2 (thioltransferase) Mus musculus 77-81 29274570-4 2018 Liver mitochondria isolated from mice heterozygous (GRX2+/-) and homozygous (GRX2-/-) for glutaredoxin-2 displayed a significant decrease in O2 -/H2O2 release when oxidizing pyruvate or 2-oxoglutarate. Superoxides 141-143 glutaredoxin 2 (thioltransferase) Mus musculus 90-104 29274570-6 2018 By contrast, O2 -/H2O2 production was augmented in cardiac mitochondria from GRX2+/- and GRX2-/- mice metabolizing pyruvate or 2-oxoglutarate which was associated with decreased PDH and OGDH protein levels. Superoxides 13-15 glutaredoxin 2 (thioltransferase) Mus musculus 77-81 29274570-6 2018 By contrast, O2 -/H2O2 production was augmented in cardiac mitochondria from GRX2+/- and GRX2-/- mice metabolizing pyruvate or 2-oxoglutarate which was associated with decreased PDH and OGDH protein levels. Superoxides 13-15 glutaredoxin 2 (thioltransferase) Mus musculus 89-93 29154191-5 2018 The involvement of CD11b in alpha-synuclein-induced activation of NOX2 was further confirmed in CD11b-/- microglia by showing reduced membrane translocation of NOX2 cytosolic subunit p47phox and superoxide production. Superoxides 195-205 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 28-43 29597269-7 2018 Moreover, the scavenging activity against superoxide radical of chitosan derivatives with triazolium (IC50 < 0.01 mg mL-1) was more efficient than that of derivatives with triazole and Vitamin C. Superoxides 42-60 L1 cell adhesion molecule Mus musculus 120-124 29743977-4 2018 Stimulation of FPR1 by N-fMLP induces p47phox phosphorylation, which is the crucial event for NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production. Superoxides 118-128 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 38-41 29531225-9 2018 Intriguingly, PON2 reduces c-Jun-mediated transcriptional activation of IGF-1 gene by decreasing mitochondrial superoxide generation. Superoxides 111-121 paraoxonase 2 Mus musculus 14-18 29187364-9 2018 Marked NADP(H) depletion with loss of NO and increase in superoxide production occurred following hypoxia-reoxygenation that was prevented by CD38 inhibition or knockdown. Superoxides 57-67 CD38 molecule Homo sapiens 142-146 29301787-1 2018 OBJECTIVE: Copper transporter ATP7A (copper-transporting/ATPase) is required for full activation of SOD3 (extracellular superoxide dismutase), which is secreted from vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and anchors to endothelial cell surface to preserve endothelial function by scavenging extracellular superoxide. Superoxides 120-130 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 100-104 29301787-2 2018 We reported that ATP7A protein expression and SOD3 activity are decreased in insulin-deficient type 1 diabetes mellitus vessels, thereby, inducing superoxide-mediated endothelial dysfunction, which are rescued by insulin treatment. Superoxides 147-157 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 46-50 29241737-10 2018 The predicted therapeutic index for superoxide and interleukin (IL)-6 inhibition was much higher for topically applied AMH than for the other penetrants tested. Superoxides 36-46 anti-Mullerian hormone Homo sapiens 119-122 29257998-4 2018 Complement consumption in the plasma was also detected, and complement inhibition by compstatin decreased the SMase D and LPS-induced leukocyte activation, as demonstrated by a reduction in the expression of CD11b and TLR4 and superoxide anion production. Superoxides 227-243 interferon regulatory factor 6 Homo sapiens 122-125 29541400-11 2018 In conclusion, our findings have demonstrated that ginsenoside Rh2 induces prostate cancer DU145 cells apoptosis through up-regulation of PPAR-delta expression which is associated with p-STAT3 up-regulation and ROS/superoxide induction. Superoxides 215-225 Rh associated glycoprotein Homo sapiens 63-66 29324765-8 2018 In addition, the det2-9 mutant displayed over accumulated superoxide anions (O2-) compared with the wild-type control, and the increased O2- level was shown to contribute to the inhibition of root growth. Superoxides 58-75 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 17-23 29324765-8 2018 In addition, the det2-9 mutant displayed over accumulated superoxide anions (O2-) compared with the wild-type control, and the increased O2- level was shown to contribute to the inhibition of root growth. Superoxides 77-79 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 17-23 29324765-8 2018 In addition, the det2-9 mutant displayed over accumulated superoxide anions (O2-) compared with the wild-type control, and the increased O2- level was shown to contribute to the inhibition of root growth. Superoxides 137-139 3-oxo-5-alpha-steroid 4-dehydrogenase family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 17-23 29768263-11 2018 Antioxidant NAC antagonized FPA-stimulated superoxide anion generation and inhibited FPA-induced CRP expression in VSMCs. Superoxides 43-59 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 12-15 29262318-0 2017 The Protein Trio RPK1-CaM4-RbohF Mediates Transient Superoxide Production to Trigger Age-Dependent Cell Death in Arabidopsis. Superoxides 52-62 receptor-like protein kinase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 17-21 29262318-0 2017 The Protein Trio RPK1-CaM4-RbohF Mediates Transient Superoxide Production to Trigger Age-Dependent Cell Death in Arabidopsis. Superoxides 52-62 calmodulin 4 Arabidopsis thaliana 22-26 29262318-4 2017 Here, we show that the accumulation and signaling of superoxide are mediated by three Arabidopsis proteins-RPK1, CaM4, and RbohF-which trigger subsequent cellular events leading to age-dependent cell death. Superoxides 53-63 receptor-like protein kinase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 107-111 29262318-4 2017 Here, we show that the accumulation and signaling of superoxide are mediated by three Arabidopsis proteins-RPK1, CaM4, and RbohF-which trigger subsequent cellular events leading to age-dependent cell death. Superoxides 53-63 calmodulin 4 Arabidopsis thaliana 113-117 29262318-5 2017 We demonstrate that the NADPH oxidase RbohF is responsible for RPK1-mediated transient accumulation of superoxide, SIRK kinase induction, and cell death, all of which are positively regulated by CaM4. Superoxides 103-113 receptor-like protein kinase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 63-67 29262318-5 2017 We demonstrate that the NADPH oxidase RbohF is responsible for RPK1-mediated transient accumulation of superoxide, SIRK kinase induction, and cell death, all of which are positively regulated by CaM4. Superoxides 103-113 calmodulin 4 Arabidopsis thaliana 195-199 29192706-6 2017 The superoxide anion (O2-) that has been identified on an under-coordinated Au site has a larger polarizability than the MOx species and a mu0 that is opposite in sign to those of the metal MO2 species, which results in larger errors by the first-order approximation, although its stability varies only moderately under positive electric fields of up to 0.4 V A-1. Superoxides 4-20 monooxygenase DBH like 1 Homo sapiens 121-124 28942246-0 2017 Inhibition of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1b induces hepatic steatosis through DPP4/NOX1-mediated regulation of superoxide. Superoxides 110-120 dipeptidylpeptidase 4 Mus musculus 77-81 28993480-7 2017 Consistent with these findings, human ADPKD cyst-derived cells with heterozygous and homozygous PKD1 mutation exhibited morphological and functional abnormalities, including increased mitochondrial superoxide. Superoxides 198-208 polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting Homo sapiens 96-100 28830679-2 2017 A proposed mechanism is the superoxide (O2-)-oxidative stress hypothesis, which suggests that Gtn increases O2- production. Superoxides 28-38 guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha transducing 3 Mus musculus 94-97 28830679-2 2017 A proposed mechanism is the superoxide (O2-)-oxidative stress hypothesis, which suggests that Gtn increases O2- production. Superoxides 40-42 guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha transducing 3 Mus musculus 94-97 28830679-2 2017 A proposed mechanism is the superoxide (O2-)-oxidative stress hypothesis, which suggests that Gtn increases O2- production. Superoxides 108-110 guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha transducing 3 Mus musculus 94-97 28816233-6 2017 Pretreatment with the specific RIP1 inhibitor Nec-1 (100 mumol/L) or the specific RIP3 inhibitor GSK-872 (5 mumol/L) not only prevented shikonin-induced glioma cell necrosis but also significantly mitigated the levels of intracellular ROS and mitochondrial superoxide. Superoxides 257-267 proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 1 Homo sapiens 46-51 29036233-0 2017 Correction: Diabetes-Induced Superoxide Anion and Breakdown of the Blood-Retinal Barrier: Role of the VEGF/uPAR Pathway. Superoxides 29-45 plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor Homo sapiens 107-111 28396118-2 2017 Since myogenic contractions are enhanced by superoxide but impaired by hydrogen peroxide, we tested the hypothesis that they are counterregulated by superoxide and H2O2 from NOX2/p47phox and/or NOX4/POLDIP2 in CKD. Superoxides 149-159 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 179-186 28396118-9 2017 Thus, afferent arteriolar superoxide generated by NOX2/p47phox opposes H2O2 generated by NOX4/POLDIP2 whose upregulation in afferent arterioles from mice with CKD accounts for impaired myogenic contractions. Superoxides 26-36 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 55-62 28820529-2 2017 Encounters between microhydrated superoxide and formic acid were found to result in a number of different reactions, including (a) proton transfer, (b) ligand exchange, (c) H2-elimination (affording microhydrated CO4 -), and (d) dihydrogen transfer (affording H2O2 and microhydrated CO2 -). Superoxides 33-43 complement C4A (Rodgers blood group) Homo sapiens 213-216 28620066-4 2017 OBJECTIVES: To investigate the role of the pulmonary-specific isoform 2 of subunit 4 of the mitochondrial complex IV (Cox4i2) and the subsequent mediators superoxide and hydrogen peroxide for pulmonary oxygen sensing and signaling. Superoxides 155-165 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4I2 Mus musculus 118-124 28620066-7 2017 Hypoxia-induced superoxide release which was detected by electron spin resonance spectroscopy in wild-type PASMCs was absent in Cox4i2-/- PASMCs and was dependent on cysteine residues of Cox4i2. Superoxides 16-26 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4I2 Mus musculus 128-134 28620066-7 2017 Hypoxia-induced superoxide release which was detected by electron spin resonance spectroscopy in wild-type PASMCs was absent in Cox4i2-/- PASMCs and was dependent on cysteine residues of Cox4i2. Superoxides 16-26 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4I2 Mus musculus 187-193 28620066-12 2017 CONCLUSIONS: Cox4i2 is essential for acute but not chronic pulmonary oxygen sensing by triggering mitochondrial hyperpolarization and release of mitochondrial superoxide which, after conversion to hydrogen peroxide, contributes to cellular membrane depolarization and HPV. Superoxides 159-169 cytochrome c oxidase subunit 4I2 Mus musculus 13-19 28502718-5 2017 Cells over-expressing mtND5 variant produced both peroxide as well as super-oxide ROS; the generation of which was dependent on the functional status of P53; modulating epigenetically the expression of key apoptosis pathway genes. Superoxides 70-81 mitochondrially encoded NADH dehydrogenase 5 Homo sapiens 22-27 28412346-0 2017 Superoxide is the critical driver of DOPAL autoxidation, lysyl adduct formation, and crosslinking of alpha-synuclein. Superoxides 0-10 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 101-116 27701898-1 2017 The present study investigated whether endothelin-1 acts via ETA or ETB receptors to mediate superoxide anion-induced pain and inflammation. Superoxides 93-109 endothelin 1 Mus musculus 39-51 28169282-6 2017 Moreover, superoxide and hydrogen superoxide levels in astrocytes were significantly reduced after the activation of Shh pathway signalling due to increasing levels of the antioxidants catalase and superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 10-20 sonic hedgehog Mus musculus 117-120 28045936-9 2017 Diminished Trx2 and Prx3 expression was associated with accumulation of mitochondrial superoxide; however, only shRNA knockdown of Trx2 increased susceptibility to hyperoxic cell death and increased phosphorylation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 (ASK1). Superoxides 86-96 thioredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 11-15 28825851-10 2017 Treatment with MnTMPyP (a superoxide scavenger) increased LAMP2 expression and stimulated autophagosome clearance in simulated ischemic-reperfused cardiomyocytes. Superoxides 26-36 lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2 Mus musculus 58-63 26822619-6 2017 Our current results in hBMSCs exposed to BPA suggest that BPA causes a disturbance in beta-catenin signaling via a superoxide anion overload. Superoxides 115-131 catenin beta 1 Homo sapiens 86-98 27838438-2 2016 In vascular smooth muscle cells, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) activates VRAC via type 1 TNFalpha receptors (TNFR1), and this requires superoxide (O2 -) production by NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1). Superoxides 144-154 TNF receptor superfamily member 1A Homo sapiens 118-123 27742885-10 2016 Although aln-3 mutants take up and store more Cd within their leaf tissue, they contain less damaging superoxide radicals. Superoxides 102-112 allantoinase Arabidopsis thaliana 9-12 27847869-6 2016 This impairment increases the levels of superoxide and oxidative stress, which activate AKT via oxidative inactivation of the phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN). Superoxides 40-50 phosphatase and tensin homolog Homo sapiens 183-187 27497729-3 2016 These new homologues (Nox1-Nox5) produce low levels of superoxides compared to the phagocytic homologue Nox2/gp91phox. Superoxides 55-66 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 27-31 27329107-9 2016 Exploring the underlying mechanisms showed that alpha-Syn (29-40) peptide triggered Nox2 to generate extracellular superoxide and its metabolite H2O2 by binding to the catalytic unit gp91 (phox) of Nox2; diffusing into cytosol, H2O2 activated Erk1/2 kinase to phosphorylate p47 (phox) and p67 (phox) and further activated Nox2, establishing a positive feedback loop to amplify the Nox2-mediated response. Superoxides 115-125 synuclein, alpha Mus musculus 48-57 27329107-9 2016 Exploring the underlying mechanisms showed that alpha-Syn (29-40) peptide triggered Nox2 to generate extracellular superoxide and its metabolite H2O2 by binding to the catalytic unit gp91 (phox) of Nox2; diffusing into cytosol, H2O2 activated Erk1/2 kinase to phosphorylate p47 (phox) and p67 (phox) and further activated Nox2, establishing a positive feedback loop to amplify the Nox2-mediated response. Superoxides 115-125 paired Ig-like receptor B Mus musculus 183-187 27329107-9 2016 Exploring the underlying mechanisms showed that alpha-Syn (29-40) peptide triggered Nox2 to generate extracellular superoxide and its metabolite H2O2 by binding to the catalytic unit gp91 (phox) of Nox2; diffusing into cytosol, H2O2 activated Erk1/2 kinase to phosphorylate p47 (phox) and p67 (phox) and further activated Nox2, establishing a positive feedback loop to amplify the Nox2-mediated response. Superoxides 115-125 milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing Mus musculus 274-277 27329107-9 2016 Exploring the underlying mechanisms showed that alpha-Syn (29-40) peptide triggered Nox2 to generate extracellular superoxide and its metabolite H2O2 by binding to the catalytic unit gp91 (phox) of Nox2; diffusing into cytosol, H2O2 activated Erk1/2 kinase to phosphorylate p47 (phox) and p67 (phox) and further activated Nox2, establishing a positive feedback loop to amplify the Nox2-mediated response. Superoxides 115-125 methionine aminopeptidase 2 Mus musculus 289-292 27037373-0 2016 Potential role of mitochondrial superoxide decreasing ferrochelatase and heme in coronary artery soluble guanylate cyclase depletion by angiotensin II. Superoxides 32-42 FECH Bos taurus 54-68 27037373-2 2016 We hypothesized that angiotensin II (ANG II) stimulation of mitochondrial superoxide by its type 1 receptor could function as a potential inhibitor of heme biosynthesis by ferrochelatase, and this could decrease vascular responsiveness to NO by depleting sGC. Superoxides 74-84 FECH Bos taurus 172-186 26592435-8 2016 Superoxide was increased significantly in PCLS, and Tiron and mito-Tempo dramatically attenuated the response, preventing claudin-4 and claudin-7 dissociation from ZO-1. Superoxides 0-10 tight junction protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 164-168 27152019-5 2016 Further analyses revealed that in leaf epidermal cells, XDH1 likely functions as an oxidase, along with the NADPH oxidases RbohD and RbohF, to generate superoxide, which is dismutated into H2O2 The resulting enrichment of H2O2 in the fungal haustorial complex within infected epidermal cells helps to constrain the haustorium, thereby contributing to RPW8-dependent and RPW8-independent powdery mildew resistance. Superoxides 152-162 respiratory burst oxidase protein F Arabidopsis thaliana 133-138 26754589-8 2016 MT-I/II showed antioxidant effects against high concentrations of iodide-induced mitochondrial superoxide production in the thyroid. Superoxides 95-105 metallothionein 3 Mus musculus 0-7 26967197-2 2016 Dysfunctional eNOS such as uncoupling of eNOS leads to decrease in NO bioavailability and increase in superoxide anion (O2(.-)) production, and in turn promotes cardiovascular diseases. Superoxides 102-118 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 14-18 26967197-2 2016 Dysfunctional eNOS such as uncoupling of eNOS leads to decrease in NO bioavailability and increase in superoxide anion (O2(.-)) production, and in turn promotes cardiovascular diseases. Superoxides 102-118 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 41-45 26967197-2 2016 Dysfunctional eNOS such as uncoupling of eNOS leads to decrease in NO bioavailability and increase in superoxide anion (O2(.-)) production, and in turn promotes cardiovascular diseases. Superoxides 120-122 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 14-18 26967197-2 2016 Dysfunctional eNOS such as uncoupling of eNOS leads to decrease in NO bioavailability and increase in superoxide anion (O2(.-)) production, and in turn promotes cardiovascular diseases. Superoxides 120-122 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 41-45 26768586-13 2016 We demonstrate that GB decreases superoxide generation and the subsequent apoptosis through reduction of p53-mediated NOX4/p66(shc) pathway via up-regulation of miR214, resulting in attenuation of cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity. Superoxides 33-43 DNA polymerase delta 3, accessory subunit Homo sapiens 123-126 27487400-0 2016 The adaptor protein p40phox as a positive regulator of the superoxide-producing phagocyte oxidase. Superoxides 59-69 neutrophil cytosolic factor 4 Homo sapiens 20-27 26703450-4 2016 Superoxide anion production increased only at 1 dpi in rIFN-gamma, rIFN-gammarel and rIL-4/13A injected pufferfish. Superoxides 0-16 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 55-65 26699123-7 2016 Superoxide and hypochlorous acid are physiological inactivators of alpha-2-macroglobulin. Superoxides 0-10 alpha-2-macroglobulin Homo sapiens 67-88 26375520-1 2016 In hypertension studies, anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) has been shown to prevent angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced vasoconstriction and regulate vascular function by down-regulating pro-inflammatory cytokine and superoxide production in vascular cells. Superoxides 230-240 interleukin 10 Rattus norvegicus 52-66 26375520-1 2016 In hypertension studies, anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) has been shown to prevent angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced vasoconstriction and regulate vascular function by down-regulating pro-inflammatory cytokine and superoxide production in vascular cells. Superoxides 230-240 interleukin 10 Rattus norvegicus 68-73 27293512-2 2016 At molecular level, in vivo SOD3 overexpression reduces superoxide anion (O2 (-)) concentration and increases mitogen kinase activation suggesting that SOD3 could have life-supporting characteristics. Superoxides 56-72 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 28-32 27293512-2 2016 At molecular level, in vivo SOD3 overexpression reduces superoxide anion (O2 (-)) concentration and increases mitogen kinase activation suggesting that SOD3 could have life-supporting characteristics. Superoxides 74-80 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 28-32 27313832-5 2016 SOD-TAT or GST-TAT-SOD pretreatment 3 h prior to radiation protects irradiated normal liver cells against radiation damage by eliminating intracellular excrescent superoxide, reducing cellular MDA level, enhancing cellular antioxidant ability and colony formation ability, and reducing apoptosis rate. Superoxides 163-173 glutathione S-transferase kappa 1 Homo sapiens 11-14 26636947-3 2015 We show that medin, the main constituent of AMA, can induce an environment rich in oxidative species, increasing superoxide and reducing bioavailable nitric oxide in human cells. Superoxides 113-123 milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing Homo sapiens 13-18 26456056-0 2015 Nox5 stability and superoxide production is regulated by C-terminal binding of Hsp90 and CO-chaperones. Superoxides 19-29 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 79-84 26456056-4 2015 In isolated enzyme activity assays, we found that Hsp90 inhibitors selectively decrease superoxide, but not hydrogen peroxide, production. Superoxides 88-98 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 50-55 26456056-5 2015 The addition of Hsp90 alone only modestly increases Nox5 enzyme activity but in combination with the co-chaperones, Hsp70, HOP, Hsp40, and p23 it robustly stimulated superoxide, but not hydrogen peroxide, production. Superoxides 166-176 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 16-21 26456056-5 2015 The addition of Hsp90 alone only modestly increases Nox5 enzyme activity but in combination with the co-chaperones, Hsp70, HOP, Hsp40, and p23 it robustly stimulated superoxide, but not hydrogen peroxide, production. Superoxides 166-176 stress induced phosphoprotein 1 Homo sapiens 123-126 26456056-5 2015 The addition of Hsp90 alone only modestly increases Nox5 enzyme activity but in combination with the co-chaperones, Hsp70, HOP, Hsp40, and p23 it robustly stimulated superoxide, but not hydrogen peroxide, production. Superoxides 166-176 prostaglandin E synthase 3 Homo sapiens 139-142 26456056-14 2015 Silencing of HOP, Hsp40 and p23 reduced Nox5-dependent superoxide. Superoxides 55-65 stress induced phosphoprotein 1 Homo sapiens 13-16 26456056-14 2015 Silencing of HOP, Hsp40 and p23 reduced Nox5-dependent superoxide. Superoxides 55-65 prostaglandin E synthase 3 Homo sapiens 28-31 26456056-14 2015 Silencing of HOP, Hsp40 and p23 reduced Nox5-dependent superoxide. Superoxides 55-65 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 40-44 26456056-17 2015 Collectively these results show that the C-terminal region of Nox5 binds to the M domain of Hsp90 and that the binding of Hsp90 and select co-chaperones facilitate oligomerization and the efficient production of superoxide. Superoxides 212-222 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 62-66 26456056-17 2015 Collectively these results show that the C-terminal region of Nox5 binds to the M domain of Hsp90 and that the binding of Hsp90 and select co-chaperones facilitate oligomerization and the efficient production of superoxide. Superoxides 212-222 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 122-127 26456836-11 2015 Curcumin also inhibited superoxide anion-induced leukocyte recruitment in the peritoneal cavity and in the paw skin inhibited myeloperoxidase activity, oxidative stress, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha production and NF-kappaB activation as well as enhanced IL-10 production, and HO-1 and Nrf2 mRNA expression. Superoxides 24-40 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 271-275 26381869-2 2015 Dysfunctional DHFR may induce endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) uncoupling resulting in enzyme production of superoxide anions instead of NO. Superoxides 121-138 dihydrofolate reductase Homo sapiens 14-18 26371245-4 2015 In addition, anxa2(-/-) mice exhibited elevated inflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-1beta, and IFN-gamma), decreased bacterial clearance by macrophages, and increased superoxide release in the lung. Superoxides 175-185 annexin A2 Mus musculus 13-18 26393585-4 2015 The co-incubation of epirubicin with hepcidin in liposomes intensified the ROS production, including hydrogen peroxide and superoxide free radicals. Superoxides 123-133 hepcidin antimicrobial peptide Homo sapiens 37-45 26117319-2 2015 We found a positive correlation between TRX-1/PRX-1 and NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production (r=0.48 and 0.47; p<0.001 for both) and IMT (r=0.31 and 0.36; p<0.01 for both) adjusted by age and sex. Superoxides 80-90 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 40-45 26117319-2 2015 We found a positive correlation between TRX-1/PRX-1 and NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production (r=0.48 and 0.47; p<0.001 for both) and IMT (r=0.31 and 0.36; p<0.01 for both) adjusted by age and sex. Superoxides 80-90 peroxiredoxin 1 Homo sapiens 46-51 26111938-5 2015 Incubation with NOS inhibitor, Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, decreased superoxide anion indicating that uncoupled eNOS is most likely the source of superoxide anion. Superoxides 79-95 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 122-126 26111938-5 2015 Incubation with NOS inhibitor, Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, decreased superoxide anion indicating that uncoupled eNOS is most likely the source of superoxide anion. Superoxides 156-172 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 122-126 26111938-9 2015 Existing evidence suggests that Abeta peptides-induced up-regulation of expression and activity of NADPH oxidase causes increased production of superoxide anion (.O2(-)). Superoxides 144-160 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 32-37 25362851-3 2015 When MnSOD is deficient, superoxide radical and its resulting reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate ligand binding to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha), suggesting that the activation of PPARalpha signaling is a major mechanism underlying MnSOD-dependent UCPs expression that consequently triggers the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, leading to increased aerobic glycolysis. Superoxides 25-43 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Mus musculus 339-343 25514499-7 2015 Superoxide generation was measured with transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, eotaxin, and CLC3 blockers. Superoxides 0-10 chloride voltage-gated channel 3 Homo sapiens 92-96 25514499-12 2015 PMA, TGF-beta, and eotaxin used the CLC3-dependent pathway to increase superoxide radicals. Superoxides 71-81 chloride voltage-gated channel 3 Homo sapiens 36-40 26218692-11 2015 RESULTS: The iPLA2gamma-specific inhibitor reduced the fMLP/PMA-stimulated superoxide generation by 90% and 30%, respectively; in addition, the inhibitor completely blocked the fMLP/PMA-activated elastase release. Superoxides 75-85 patatin like phospholipase domain containing 8 Homo sapiens 13-23 26161955-6 2015 DAPIT over-expression also increased mitochondrial membrane potential and superoxide level, and translocated the transcription factors hypoxia inducible factor 1alpha (Hif1alpha) and beta-catenin to the nucleus. Superoxides 74-84 ATP synthase membrane subunit k Homo sapiens 0-5 25797883-10 2015 Transfection of NOX5-specific siRNA and chemical inhibition of NOX5 abrogated calcium-induced superoxide production and increased caspase 3-mediated apoptosis in Karpas-299 cells. Superoxides 94-104 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 16-20 25797883-10 2015 Transfection of NOX5-specific siRNA and chemical inhibition of NOX5 abrogated calcium-induced superoxide production and increased caspase 3-mediated apoptosis in Karpas-299 cells. Superoxides 94-104 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 63-67 26076008-5 2015 Superoxide production by NOX2 requires the p47(phox) (NCF1) subunit to organize the formation of the NOX2 complex on the cell membrane. Superoxides 0-10 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 54-58 26076008-6 2015 Homozygous mutant mice (NCF1*/*) have a functional loss of their super oxide burst while heterozygous mice (NCF1*/+) retain this key function. Superoxides 65-76 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 24-28 26000607-5 2015 Unexpectedly, inhibition of ROS by either N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a peroxide inhibitor, or Tempol, a superoxide inhibitor, increased the annexin V-/propidium iodide (PI)+ early necrotic population in TRAIL-treated cells. Superoxides 104-114 annexin A5 Homo sapiens 140-149 26000631-0 2015 Mitochondrial Fragmentation Due to Inhibition of Fusion Increases Cyclin B through Mitochondrial Superoxide Radicals. Superoxides 97-107 Cyclin B Drosophila melanogaster 66-74 26005404-6 2015 SIRT3-5 expression declined significantly in the hippocampus and frontal lobe, associated with increases in superoxide and fatty acid oxidation levels, and acetylated CPS-1 protein expression, and a reduction in MnSOD level. Superoxides 108-118 sirtuin 3 Rattus norvegicus 0-7 25879533-9 2015 Intermittent but not constant high glucose strikingly up-regulated the expression of p22phox, an NADPH oxidase component, increasing superoxide. Superoxides 133-143 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 85-92 25627876-13 2015 Superoxide production and content of the oxidative stress marker nitrotyrosine was higher in MCAs from Eln(+/-) compared with Eln(+/+) mice (P < 0.05). Superoxides 0-10 elastin Mus musculus 103-106 25627876-14 2015 In the MCA, after incubation with the superoxide scavenger TEMPOL, maximal EDD improved by ~65% in Eln(+/-) (P = 0.002), but was unchanged in Eln(+/+) mice (P = 0.17). Superoxides 38-48 elastin Mus musculus 99-102 25659899-3 2015 ALA treatment of BPA attenuated ET-1-induced increases in mitochondrial superoxide (detected by MitoSox), STAT3 phosphorylation, and decreases in miR204 and SOD2 expression. Superoxides 72-82 endothelin 1 Mus musculus 32-36 25659899-5 2015 ET-1 increased superoxide production and the detection of protoporphyrin IX fluorescence, suggesting oxidant conditions might impair heme biosynthesis by ferrochelatase. Superoxides 15-25 endothelin 1 Mus musculus 0-4 25807378-10 2015 Amylin-induced reduction of endothelial responses was unaffected by the H2O2 scavenger, catalase, but was prevented by the extracellular superoxide scavenger, superoxide dismutase (SOD) or the NADPH oxidase inhibitor (VAS2870). Superoxides 137-147 islet amyloid polypeptide Rattus norvegicus 0-6 25807378-15 2015 Increased superoxide generation through NADPH oxidase activity may be a common link involved in the endothelial dysfunction associated to insulin resistance and to amylin exposure in CR. Superoxides 10-20 islet amyloid polypeptide Rattus norvegicus 164-170 25779629-9 2015 In vitro experiments also revealed that treatment with paraquat, a superoxide inducer in mitochondria, promoted the RANKL expression via, in part, ERK phosphorylation. Superoxides 67-77 tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11 Mus musculus 116-121 25779629-10 2015 These findings demonstrate that the mitochondrial superoxide induced in osteocytes by Sod2 ablation causes age-related bone loss due to the impairment of canalicular networks and bone metabolism via the deregulation of the sclerostin and RANKL expression. Superoxides 50-60 tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11 Mus musculus 238-243 25288672-3 2015 We previously demonstrated the importance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in T1D, as NOD mice deficient in NADPH oxidase (NOX)-derived superoxide (Ncf1(m1J)) were protected against T1D partly because of blunted Toll-like receptor-dependent macrophage responses. Superoxides 136-146 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 148-152 25395016-5 2015 Compared with treatment of Ad-beta-gal or PBS, Ad-APN treatment markedly reduced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein expression, decreased in nitric oxide/superoxide production, blocked peroxynitrite formation and reversed the progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Superoxides 166-176 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Mus musculus 50-53 25699251-1 2015 The superoxide (O( -) 2)-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes consists of a membrane component, cytochrome b 558 (a heterodimer of Nox2 and p22 (phox) ), and four cytosolic components, p47 (phox) , p67 (phox) , p40 (phox) , and Rac. Superoxides 4-14 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 142-145 25699251-1 2015 The superoxide (O( -) 2)-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes consists of a membrane component, cytochrome b 558 (a heterodimer of Nox2 and p22 (phox) ), and four cytosolic components, p47 (phox) , p67 (phox) , p40 (phox) , and Rac. Superoxides 4-14 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 187-190 25451639-7 2015 Incubation of Gch1(fl/fl)Tie2cre macrophages with dihydroethidium revealed significantly increased production of superoxide in the presence of iNOS expression, and an iNOS-independent, BH4-dependent increase in other ROS species. Superoxides 113-123 GTP cyclohydrolase 1 Mus musculus 14-18 25326534-0 2014 The SIRT1 activator SRT1720 reverses vascular endothelial dysfunction, excessive superoxide production, and inflammation with aging in mice. Superoxides 81-91 sirtuin 1 Mus musculus 4-9 25501034-4 2014 The initial cold-induced vasoconstriction is mediated via TRPA1-dependent superoxide production that stimulates alpha2C-adrenoceptors and Rho-kinase-mediated MLC phosphorylation, downstream of TRPA1 activation. Superoxides 74-84 megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts 1 homolog (human) Mus musculus 158-161 25866628-2 2014 Chloride channel-3 (CLC3) in eosinophils has been associated with superoxide generation and respiratory burst. Superoxides 66-76 chloride voltage-gated channel 3 Homo sapiens 0-18 25866628-2 2014 Chloride channel-3 (CLC3) in eosinophils has been associated with superoxide generation and respiratory burst. Superoxides 66-76 chloride voltage-gated channel 3 Homo sapiens 20-24 25163518-0 2014 Mechanisms of NFATc3 activation by increased superoxide and reduced hydrogen peroxide in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle. Superoxides 45-55 nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin dependent 3 Mus musculus 14-20 25163518-2 2014 We also showed that this reciprocal change in O2( -) and H2O2 is associated with elevated activity of nuclear factor of activated T cells isoform c3 (NFATc3) in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC). Superoxides 46-48 nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin dependent 3 Mus musculus 150-156 25163518-5 2014 This study evaluated the importance of O2( -) and H2O2 in the regulation of NFATc3 activity. Superoxides 39-41 nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin dependent 3 Mus musculus 76-82 25163518-8 2014 We further demonstrate that O2( -) promotes, while H2O2 inhibits, NFATc3 activation in PASMC. Superoxides 28-30 nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin dependent 3 Mus musculus 66-72 25163518-9 2014 Additionally, increased O2( -)-to-H2O2 ratio activates NFATc3, even in the absence of a Gq protein-coupled receptor agonist. Superoxides 24-26 nuclear factor of activated T cells, cytoplasmic, calcineurin dependent 3 Mus musculus 55-61 25103225-5 2014 Microarray analysis of mouse aortic endothelial cells revealed a 2.5-fold increase in expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-alpha (CaMKII-alpha) in response to 10 nM BPA, with increased expression of phosphorylated-CaMKII-alpha in carotid rings of BPA-exposed mice, whereas CaMKII-alpha inhibition with 100 nM autocamptide-2-related inhibitor peptide (AIP) reduced BPA-mediated increase of superoxide. Superoxides 413-423 calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha Mus musculus 100-152 25103225-5 2014 Microarray analysis of mouse aortic endothelial cells revealed a 2.5-fold increase in expression of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II-alpha (CaMKII-alpha) in response to 10 nM BPA, with increased expression of phosphorylated-CaMKII-alpha in carotid rings of BPA-exposed mice, whereas CaMKII-alpha inhibition with 100 nM autocamptide-2-related inhibitor peptide (AIP) reduced BPA-mediated increase of superoxide. Superoxides 413-423 calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II alpha Mus musculus 154-160 25285524-6 2014 Oxidative stress from menadione-generated superoxide induced JNK-dependent stathmin phosphorylation at Ser-16, Ser-25 and Ser-38 in hepatocytes. Superoxides 42-52 stathmin 1 Homo sapiens 75-83 24911293-0 2014 Superoxide production by cytochrome bc1 complex: a mathematical model. Superoxides 0-10 brain cytoplasmic RNA 1 Rattus norvegicus 36-39 24845607-8 2014 Consequently, c-MetDelta(hepa) mice showed significantly more TUNEL positive cells and more superoxide anion production than c-Met(loxPloxP) animals. Superoxides 92-108 met proto-oncogene Mus musculus 14-19 25158771-11 2014 CONCLUSIONS: Upregulation of NR2B phosphorylation at Y1472 after neonatal HI is involved in superoxide-mediated oxidative stress and contributes to brain injury. Superoxides 92-102 glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA2B (epsilon 2) Mus musculus 29-33 25209287-4 2014 Mechanistically, the actions of submicromolar levels of SP were NK1R-dependent, whereas subpicomolar SP-elicited actions required microglial NADPH oxidase (NOX2), the key superoxide-producing enzyme, but not NK1R. Superoxides 171-181 tachykinin 1 Mus musculus 101-103 25056956-9 2014 p67(phox)-Rac-Nox2 assembly and superoxide production are both abrogated by alanine substitution for Tyr-198, Leu-199, and Val-204 in the p67(phox) activation domain that localizes the C-terminal to the Rac-binding domain. Superoxides 32-42 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 142-146 25109238-5 2014 Under basal conditions, prolonged expression of A53T mutant alpha-syn altered mitochondria morphology, increased superoxide formation and phosphorylation at Ser129, which was linked to decreased activity of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). Superoxides 113-123 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 60-69 25158065-4 2014 Loss of Cav-1 expression results in NOS3 hyperactivation and uncoupling, converting NOS3 into a source of superoxide radicals, peroxynitrite, and oxidative stress. Superoxides 106-125 caveolin 1, caveolae protein Mus musculus 8-13 25158065-4 2014 Loss of Cav-1 expression results in NOS3 hyperactivation and uncoupling, converting NOS3 into a source of superoxide radicals, peroxynitrite, and oxidative stress. Superoxides 106-125 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 84-88 24970888-0 2014 Molecular insights of p47phox phosphorylation dynamics in the regulation of NADPH oxidase activation and superoxide production. Superoxides 105-115 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 22-25 24903103-8 2014 Inhibitors of mitochondrial processing peptidase or lectin-like OxLDL receptor-1 knockout attenuated OxLDL-mediated decrements in endothelial-specific NO production and increases in superoxide generation. Superoxides 182-192 oxidized low density lipoprotein (lectin-like) receptor 1 Mus musculus 52-80 25057336-5 2014 Moreover, the CD38 siRNA treatment can significantly aggravate oxidative stress in the H2O2-treated cells, as indicated by increases in both superoxide and lipid peroxidation, suggesting that CD38 is required for maintaining the antioxidation capacity of the cells. Superoxides 141-151 CD38 molecule Homo sapiens 14-18 25057336-5 2014 Moreover, the CD38 siRNA treatment can significantly aggravate oxidative stress in the H2O2-treated cells, as indicated by increases in both superoxide and lipid peroxidation, suggesting that CD38 is required for maintaining the antioxidation capacity of the cells. Superoxides 141-151 CD38 molecule Homo sapiens 192-196 24907870-6 2014 NO/heme-independent sGC activation provided protection over ACE inhibition against mitochondrial superoxide production and progressive fibrotic remodeling, ultimately leading to a further improvement of cardiac performance, hypertrophic growth and heart failure. Superoxides 97-107 guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 2 Rattus norvegicus 20-23 24742817-6 2014 Increased O2(-) levels promote ERK phosphorylation (approx sixfold compared to control; P < 0.001) and downstream transcriptional increase of several genes: HMOX1 (P < 0.05), involved in the protection of chemical reactive species; MDR1 (P < 0.01), responsible for the efflux of xenobiotics in the cell; and CD83 (P < 0.05), a DC maturation marker. Superoxides 10-12 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 160-165 24742817-6 2014 Increased O2(-) levels promote ERK phosphorylation (approx sixfold compared to control; P < 0.001) and downstream transcriptional increase of several genes: HMOX1 (P < 0.05), involved in the protection of chemical reactive species; MDR1 (P < 0.01), responsible for the efflux of xenobiotics in the cell; and CD83 (P < 0.05), a DC maturation marker. Superoxides 10-12 CD83 molecule Homo sapiens 317-321 24746619-8 2014 Hsp27 prevents Cu(2+)-ascorbate or Cu(2+)-alpha-synuclein-ascorbate treatment-induced increase in mitochondrial superoxide level and mitochondrial disorganization in IMR-32 cells. Superoxides 112-122 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 24746619-8 2014 Hsp27 prevents Cu(2+)-ascorbate or Cu(2+)-alpha-synuclein-ascorbate treatment-induced increase in mitochondrial superoxide level and mitochondrial disorganization in IMR-32 cells. Superoxides 112-122 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 42-57 24171497-0 2014 Alternative splicing generates a diacylglycerol kinase alpha transcript that acts as a dominant-negative modulator of superoxide production in localized aggressive periodontitis. Superoxides 118-128 diacylglycerol kinase alpha Homo sapiens 33-60 24644242-11 2014 Our results demonstrate that the GTPCH I/BH4 pathway is critical to preserve EPC quantity, function, and regenerative capacity during wound healing in type 1 diabetic mice at least partly through the attenuation of superoxide and TSP-1 levels and augmentation of NO level. Superoxides 215-225 GTP cyclohydrolase 1 Mus musculus 33-40 25244778-10 2014 RESULTS: ADM2 dramatically decreased the blood pressure in angiotensin II-induced hypertension rat model, enhanced plasma NO content and the activity of eNOS and reduced superoxide formation in vessel walls. Superoxides 170-180 adrenomedullin 2 Rattus norvegicus 9-13 24709972-12 2014 Ang II in the PVN significantly enhanced CSAR and superoxide anions level, which was inhibited by PVN pretreatment with IMD or tempol (a superoxide anions scavenger) in Sham and CHF rats. Superoxides 50-67 adrenomedullin 2 Rattus norvegicus 120-123 24709972-13 2014 CONCLUSION: IMD in the PVN inhibits CSAR via AM receptor, and attenuates the effects of Ang II on CSAR and superoxide anions level in CHF rats. Superoxides 107-124 adrenomedullin 2 Rattus norvegicus 12-15 24709972-14 2014 PVN superoxide anions involve in the effect of IMD on attenuating Ang II-induced CSAR response. Superoxides 4-21 adrenomedullin 2 Rattus norvegicus 47-50 23919724-7 2014 This work provides strong evidence for the causal role of O2( -) in the liver injury process initiated by whole-body irradiation in SIRT3(-/-) mice. Superoxides 58-60 sirtuin 3 Mus musculus 132-137 23919724-8 2014 CONCLUSION: These results support the hypothesis that O2( -) mediates acute liver injury in SIRT3(-/-) animals exposed to whole-body gamma-radiation and suggest that GC4401 could be used as a radio-protective compound in vivo. Superoxides 54-56 sirtuin 3 Mus musculus 92-97 24294888-7 2014 Furthermore, JNK activation and c-Jun phosphorylation were inhibited by a broad-spectrum reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, Mn (III) tetrakis (4-benzoic acid) porphyrin (MnTBAP), indicating that ROS including O2- increased after SCI probably contribute to JNK activation. Superoxides 215-217 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 13-16 24134589-4 2014 In human lung microvascular endothelial cells, DDAH II overexpression prevented the LPS-dependent increase in ADMA, superoxide, peroxynitrite, and protein nitration. Superoxides 116-126 interferon regulatory factor 6 Homo sapiens 84-87 24430870-8 2014 Further, reconstitution with short hairpin RNA-insensitive SLC25A23 cDNA restores mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake and superoxide production. Superoxides 114-124 solute carrier family 25 member 23 Homo sapiens 59-67 24669277-1 2014 AIM: Extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) is a unique scavenger of superoxide anions and a promising target of gene therapy for ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R). Superoxides 73-90 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 5-39 24669277-1 2014 AIM: Extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) is a unique scavenger of superoxide anions and a promising target of gene therapy for ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/R). Superoxides 73-90 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 41-46 24434148-10 2014 NADPH oxidase inhibitor Apocynin and superoxide scavenger N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) significantly attenuated EI-stimulated expression of OKL38 and HO-1. Superoxides 37-47 oxidative stress induced growth inhibitor 1 Homo sapiens 135-140 24434148-10 2014 NADPH oxidase inhibitor Apocynin and superoxide scavenger N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) significantly attenuated EI-stimulated expression of OKL38 and HO-1. Superoxides 37-47 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 145-149 24365146-6 2014 Superoxide production by unglycosylated Nox1 is largely dependent on p22(phox), which is abrogated by glutamine substitution for Pro-156 in p22(phox), a mutation leading to a defective interaction with the Nox1-activating protein Noxo1. Superoxides 0-10 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 69-72 24365146-6 2014 Superoxide production by unglycosylated Nox1 is largely dependent on p22(phox), which is abrogated by glutamine substitution for Pro-156 in p22(phox), a mutation leading to a defective interaction with the Nox1-activating protein Noxo1. Superoxides 0-10 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 140-143 24365146-6 2014 Superoxide production by unglycosylated Nox1 is largely dependent on p22(phox), which is abrogated by glutamine substitution for Pro-156 in p22(phox), a mutation leading to a defective interaction with the Nox1-activating protein Noxo1. Superoxides 0-10 NADPH oxidase organizer 1 Homo sapiens 230-235 23795780-5 2014 INNOVATION: Islets from the GPX1 and(or) SOD1 knockout mice provided metabolically controlled intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide conditions for the present study to avoid confounding effects. Superoxides 137-147 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 28-32 24002659-0 2014 Reactive oxygen species induce apoptosis in bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells by inhibiting the antiglycation glyoxalase I defence: involvement of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and NF-kappaB. Superoxides 148-164 glyoxalase I Homo sapiens 111-123 23875703-8 2014 Losartan-induced up-regulation of HIF-1alpha and Wnt/beta-catenin signalling was associated with the recovery of IR-inhibited hepatic Bcl-2, Mn-SOD (manganese superoxide), Cu/Zn-SOD (copper/zinc superoxide) and GSH levels, and the suppression of IR-increased hepatic catalase and caspase 3/caspase 8 levels in MCD/HF-NASH rats. Superoxides 159-169 Wnt family member 2 Rattus norvegicus 49-52 23875703-8 2014 Losartan-induced up-regulation of HIF-1alpha and Wnt/beta-catenin signalling was associated with the recovery of IR-inhibited hepatic Bcl-2, Mn-SOD (manganese superoxide), Cu/Zn-SOD (copper/zinc superoxide) and GSH levels, and the suppression of IR-increased hepatic catalase and caspase 3/caspase 8 levels in MCD/HF-NASH rats. Superoxides 159-169 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 53-65 24579808-3 2014 In addition, both the superoxide anion and the hydroxyl radical were scavenged by GBE in cell-free systems. Superoxides 22-38 1,4-alpha-glucan branching enzyme 1 Homo sapiens 82-85 24931131-6 2014 Preexposure of PMNs to AGP at physiological levels impaired PMN phagocytosis for sperm and superoxide generation. Superoxides 91-101 alpha-1-acid glycoprotein Bos taurus 23-26 24339896-1 2013 BACKGROUND: Reactive oxygen species are implicated in the physiopathogenesis of salt-induced hypertension and the C242T polymorphism of the p22-phox gene has been associated with higher superoxide production. Superoxides 186-196 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 140-148 23832602-2 2013 Superoxide radical-generating menadione and serum deprivation diminished the steady-state mRNA levels for the genes phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), ubiquitin specific peptidase 28 (USP28), damage-regulated autophagy modulator (DRAM), TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR), and cylindromatosis (CYLD). Superoxides 0-18 phosphatase and tensin homolog Homo sapiens 148-152 23974215-12 2013 Taken together our findings suggest that inhibition of PKCbeta regulates vimentin secretion and, thereby, its interaction with Dectin-1 and downstream stimulation of superoxide anion production. Superoxides 166-182 vimentin Homo sapiens 73-81 24048198-6 2013 Collectrin knockout mice display impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation that is associated with vascular remodeling, endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling, decreased nitric oxide production, and increased superoxide generation. Superoxides 219-229 collectrin, amino acid transport regulator Mus musculus 0-10 24009094-11 2013 The resulting charged radical is kinetically trapped, rather than thermodynamically stabilized (as in most enzymatic semiquinone species), conserving redox energy to drive electron transfer to cytochrome bL while minimizing certain Q-cycle bypass reactions, including oxidation of prereduced cytochrome b and reduction of O2 . Superoxides 322-324 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 193-205 24004030-16 2013 These reactivities of (L)Cu(II)-OO( ) are different from those of a similar end-on superoxide copper(II) complex supported by a tetradentate TMG3tren ligand (1,1,1-Tris{2-[N(2)-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidino)]ethyl}amine (Maiti et al. Superoxides 83-93 proline rich and Gla domain 3 Homo sapiens 141-145 22989604-9 2013 Reduced superoxide levels and DCF in the exer+NAC group were associated with decreased Akt, AMPK and eNOS phosphorylation. Superoxides 8-18 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 101-105 23722270-13 2013 Transfection of a microRNA-25 mimic into primary cardiomyocytes decreased superoxide production, while a microRNA-25 inhibitor resulted in an up-regulation of NOX4 protein and an increase in oxidative stress that was attenuated by the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium. Superoxides 74-84 microRNA 25 Rattus norvegicus 18-29 23940720-3 2013 Recent studies have shown that CD38 may sense redox signals and is thereby activated to produce cellular response and that the NADPH oxidase isoform, NOX1, is a major resource to produce superoxide (O2 -)) in coronary arterial myocytes (CAMs) in response to muscarinic receptor agonist, which uses CD38-ADP-ribosylcyclase signaling pathway to exert its action in these CAMs. Superoxides 187-197 CD38 antigen Mus musculus 31-35 23940720-3 2013 Recent studies have shown that CD38 may sense redox signals and is thereby activated to produce cellular response and that the NADPH oxidase isoform, NOX1, is a major resource to produce superoxide (O2 -)) in coronary arterial myocytes (CAMs) in response to muscarinic receptor agonist, which uses CD38-ADP-ribosylcyclase signaling pathway to exert its action in these CAMs. Superoxides 187-197 CD38 antigen Mus musculus 298-302 23940720-3 2013 Recent studies have shown that CD38 may sense redox signals and is thereby activated to produce cellular response and that the NADPH oxidase isoform, NOX1, is a major resource to produce superoxide (O2 -)) in coronary arterial myocytes (CAMs) in response to muscarinic receptor agonist, which uses CD38-ADP-ribosylcyclase signaling pathway to exert its action in these CAMs. Superoxides 199-201 CD38 antigen Mus musculus 31-35 23940720-3 2013 Recent studies have shown that CD38 may sense redox signals and is thereby activated to produce cellular response and that the NADPH oxidase isoform, NOX1, is a major resource to produce superoxide (O2 -)) in coronary arterial myocytes (CAMs) in response to muscarinic receptor agonist, which uses CD38-ADP-ribosylcyclase signaling pathway to exert its action in these CAMs. Superoxides 199-201 CD38 antigen Mus musculus 298-302 23819597-1 2013 The hypothesis that mitochondrial dysfunction and increased superoxide levels in thymocytes over expressing Bax (Lck-Bax1 and Lck-Bax38&1) contributes to lymphomagenesis after low-dose radiation was tested. Superoxides 60-70 BCL2-associated X protein Mus musculus 108-111 23874797-7 2013 Diabetes-induced abnormalities (leukostasis, ICAM-1 expression on the luminal surface of the vascular endothelium, retinal superoxide generation) were significantly inhibited by removing either MyD88 or the signaling pathways regulated by it (TLRs 2 and 4, and IL-1ss) from bone marrow-derived cells only. Superoxides 123-133 myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 Mus musculus 194-199 23874564-7 2013 In contrast, Stamp2 knockdown did not affect mitotic clonal expansion, but resulted in a marked decrease in superoxide production that is known to affect adipogenesis. Superoxides 108-118 STEAP4 metalloreductase Homo sapiens 13-19 23453926-0 2013 Advanced oxidation protein products induce cardiomyocyte death via Nox2/Rac1/superoxide-dependent TRAF3IP2/JNK signaling. Superoxides 77-87 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 107-110 23453926-7 2013 The superoxide anion generating xanthine/xanthine oxidase system and hydrogen peroxide both induced TRAF3IP2 expression. Superoxides 4-20 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 41-57 23453926-12 2013 These results demonstrate for the first time that AOPPs induce cardiomyocyte death via Nox2/Rac1/superoxide-dependent TRAF3IP2/JNK activation in vitro and suggest that AOPPs may contribute to myocardial injury in vivo. Superoxides 97-107 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 127-130 23817296-0 2013 Evidence for the involvement of GPR40 and NADPH oxidase in palmitic acid-induced superoxide production and insulin secretion. Superoxides 81-91 free fatty acid receptor 1 Rattus norvegicus 32-37 23817296-5 2013 Palmitic acid induced superoxide production through NADPH oxidase and GPR40-dependent pathways and the stimulation of insulin secretion in the presence of a high glucose concentration was reduced by knockdown of GPR40 using siRNA. Superoxides 22-32 free fatty acid receptor 1 Rattus norvegicus 70-75 23817296-5 2013 Palmitic acid induced superoxide production through NADPH oxidase and GPR40-dependent pathways and the stimulation of insulin secretion in the presence of a high glucose concentration was reduced by knockdown of GPR40 using siRNA. Superoxides 22-32 free fatty acid receptor 1 Rattus norvegicus 212-217 22392697-3 2013 We hypothesized that K-ras oncogene correlates with increased non-mitochondrial-generated superoxide (O 2.-), which could be involved in regulating cell growth contributing to tumor progression. Superoxides 90-100 KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 21-26 23576605-0 2013 Angiotensin II slow-pressor hypertension enhances NMDA currents and NOX2-dependent superoxide production in hypothalamic paraventricular neurons. Superoxides 83-93 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 68-72 23641059-4 2013 Superoxide production by a model bacterium within the ubiquitous Roseobacter clade involves an extracellular oxidoreductase that is stimulated by the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), suggesting a surprising homology with eukaryotic organisms. Superoxides 0-10 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 109-123 23520167-4 2013 Absence of T-box expressed in T cells (T-bet), the IFN-gamma transcription factor encoded by Tbx21, reduced vascular superoxide and peroxynitrite formation and attenuated expression of nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase subunits as well as inducible NO synthase, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, and interleukin-12 in aortas of ATII-infused mice. Superoxides 117-127 T-box 21 Mus musculus 39-44 23349484-5 2013 siRNA-mediated knockdown of Nox2, which was specifically elevated in insulin-resistant endothelial cells, significantly reduced superoxide levels. Superoxides 128-138 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 28-32 23418307-0 2013 The cytochrome b p.278Y>C mutation causative of a multisystem disorder enhances superoxide production and alters supramolecular interactions of respiratory chain complexes. Superoxides 83-93 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 4-16 23474128-0 2013 K-ras 4A and 4B mRNA levels correlate with superoxide in lung adenocarcinoma cells, while at the protein level, only mutant K-ras 4A protein correlates with superoxide. Superoxides 43-53 KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 0-8 23474128-5 2013 In cell lines with mutant K-ras, but not those with wildtype K-ras, the K-ras 4A protein had a strong positive correlation with levels of cellular superoxide. Superoxides 147-157 KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 26-31 23474128-5 2013 In cell lines with mutant K-ras, but not those with wildtype K-ras, the K-ras 4A protein had a strong positive correlation with levels of cellular superoxide. Superoxides 147-157 KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 72-80 23474128-8 2013 However, decreasing cellular superoxide with the scavenger Tiron tended to reduce levels of K-ras 4A protein. Superoxides 29-39 KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 92-100 23474128-11 2013 K-ras 4A mRNA also correlated with superoxide, but with no difference between cell lines with mutant or wildtype K-ras. Superoxides 35-45 KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 0-8 23474128-11 2013 K-ras 4A mRNA also correlated with superoxide, but with no difference between cell lines with mutant or wildtype K-ras. Superoxides 35-45 KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 0-5 23474128-12 2013 K-ras 4B mRNA correlated with 4A mRNA and with superoxide, in both K-ras mutant and wildtype cells. Superoxides 47-57 KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 0-8 23474128-12 2013 K-ras 4B mRNA correlated with 4A mRNA and with superoxide, in both K-ras mutant and wildtype cells. Superoxides 47-57 KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 0-5 23474128-13 2013 The results are consistent with superoxide directly or indirectly up-regulating expression of all K-ras genes, and also increasing the stability of K-ras 4A mutant protein selectively. Superoxides 32-42 KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 98-103 23474128-13 2013 The results are consistent with superoxide directly or indirectly up-regulating expression of all K-ras genes, and also increasing the stability of K-ras 4A mutant protein selectively. Superoxides 32-42 KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 148-156 23741359-14 2013 The impact appears to be mediated by effects on superoxide production in the kidney, impacting downstream mediators such as monocyte chemotactic protein-1. Superoxides 48-58 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 Mus musculus 124-154 23442250-8 2013 An in vitro EPR experiment using phosphate-buffered saline-stimulated neutrophils confirmed the O2( -) scavenging ability of HSA-Trx. Superoxides 96-102 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 129-132 23444014-10 2013 Scavenging of both superoxide and hydrogen peroxide inhibited TRPA1 activation following mitochondrial modulation. Superoxides 19-29 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1 Mus musculus 62-67 23525089-3 2013 Ripk2(-/-) cells exhibited defective autophagy of mitochondria (mitophagy), leading to enhanced mitochondrial production of superoxide and accumulation of damaged mitochondria, which resulted in greater activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and production of IL-18. Superoxides 124-134 receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 2 Homo sapiens 0-5 23613809-4 2013 Subsequent studies demonstrated that the electrotaxis of glioma cells were abolished by the superoxide inhibitor N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) or overexpression of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), but was not affected by inhibition of hydrogen peroxide through the overexpression of catalase. Superoxides 92-102 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 134-137 23559002-7 2013 We also show that the unprenylated RhoA- and Rac1-GTP retained at least part of their functional activities, as evidenced by the increase in intracellular superoxide production and JNK activation in response to simvastatin. Superoxides 155-165 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 45-49 23456281-4 2013 The generation of superoxides during the oxidation of phenylhydrazine by tyrosinase was monitored by nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) assay. Superoxides 18-29 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 73-83 23456281-5 2013 In the phenylhydrazine-tyrosinase reaction, 1 mol O2 was required for the production of 1 mol phenol and 1/6 mol superoxide. Superoxides 50-52 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 23-33 23456281-5 2013 In the phenylhydrazine-tyrosinase reaction, 1 mol O2 was required for the production of 1 mol phenol and 1/6 mol superoxide. Superoxides 113-123 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 23-33 23238663-6 2013 RESULTS: The n-3 PUFA supplementation reduced 8-isoprostane and superoxide levels in platelets from T2DM HT, but not HT alone, participants, without effect on nitrite production. Superoxides 64-74 pumilio RNA binding family member 3 Homo sapiens 17-21 23250359-7 2013 WAT from Ang 1-7-treated rats showed reduced NADPH-stimulated superoxide production. Superoxides 62-72 angiogenin Rattus norvegicus 9-14 23261940-0 2013 NADPH oxidase 2-derived superoxide downregulates endothelial KCa3.1 in preeclampsia. Superoxides 24-34 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 0-15 23830406-3 2013 In the thick ascending limb (TAL) ADH increases transport via cAMP, while Ang II acts via superoxide (O2-). Superoxides 90-100 angiogenin Rattus norvegicus 74-77 23295407-12 2013 CONCLUSION: Melatonin inhibits PKC-alpha to increase cationic amino acid transporter-1 (CAT-1)-mediated L-arginine uptake in BDL liver, whereas it inhibits PKC-beta to reduce NADPH-dependent superoxide production. Superoxides 191-201 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 31-40 22442695-7 2012 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: We conclude that formation of peroxynitrite by a reaction between superoxide anion generated by NADPH oxidase in RVLM on activation by AT1R and NOS II-derived NO leads to a reduction in baroreflex-mediated sympathetic vasomotor tone during experimental TLSE; to be ameliorated by the upregulated BDNF/TrkB signaling via inhibition of p47(phox) phosphorylation. Superoxides 92-108 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 322-326 22359684-9 2012 Mitochondrial content of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K), a nucleic acid binding protein involved in regulating mRNA transportation and stabilization, was significantly enhanced by adiponectin, which also evoked a transient elevation of mitochondrial superoxide. Superoxides 271-281 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K Mus musculus 25-66 22359684-9 2012 Mitochondrial content of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP K), a nucleic acid binding protein involved in regulating mRNA transportation and stabilization, was significantly enhanced by adiponectin, which also evoked a transient elevation of mitochondrial superoxide. Superoxides 271-281 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K Mus musculus 68-75 22359684-11 2012 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Mitochondrial superoxide production stimulated by adiponectin serves as a trigger to initiate the translocation of hnRNP K, which in turn promotes UCP2 expressions in liver. Superoxides 40-50 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K Mus musculus 141-148 22072715-0 2011 PPARdelta coordinates angiotensin II-induced senescence in vascular smooth muscle cells through PTEN-mediated inhibition of superoxide generation. Superoxides 124-134 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta Homo sapiens 0-9 22072715-3 2011 Activation of PPARdelta by GW501516, a specific ligand for PPARdelta, significantly attenuated Ang II-induced generation of superoxides and suppressed senescence of VSMCs. Superoxides 124-135 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta Homo sapiens 14-23 22072715-3 2011 Activation of PPARdelta by GW501516, a specific ligand for PPARdelta, significantly attenuated Ang II-induced generation of superoxides and suppressed senescence of VSMCs. Superoxides 124-135 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta Homo sapiens 59-68 21964540-5 2011 By considering all the experimental data obtained, a possible mechanism was proposed, including: (a) competition between the one-electron and the two-electron reductions of the oxoferryl free radical species of hemoglobin, giving rise to ferrylhemoglobin and methemoglobin, respectively; (b) competition between the superoxide-dependent inactivation of the protein and its reduction back to the met state. Superoxides 316-326 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 259-272 21637291-2 2011 We previously reported that stable neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell lines with reduced expression of endogenous PINK1 exhibit mitochondrial fragmentation, increased mitochondria-derived superoxide, induction of compensatory macroautophagy/mitophagy and a low level of ongoing cell death. Superoxides 180-190 PTEN induced kinase 1 Homo sapiens 106-111 21873335-9 2011 Expression of NDX-1 significantly reduced spontaneous A:T to C:G transversions and mitigated the sensitivity to a superoxide-generating agent, methyl viologen, in an E. coli mutT mutant. Superoxides 114-124 Putative nudix hydrolase 1 Caenorhabditis elegans 14-19 21787360-4 2011 Treatment of HuH-7/GFP (green fluorescent protein)-LC3 cells with GGA induced green fluorescent puncta in the cytoplasm within 30 min and their massive accumulation at 24 h. After 15 min of GGA treatment, a burst of mitochondrial superoxide production occurred and LC3beta-I was appreciably converted into LC3beta-II. Superoxides 230-240 MIR7-3 host gene Homo sapiens 13-22 21803946-5 2011 Acute preincubation with ANG-(1-7) and chronic infusion of ANG-(1-7) ameliorated the elevated superoxide levels in rats fed a high-salt diet, but the expression of Cu/Zn SOD and Mn SOD enzyme proteins in the vessel wall was unaffected by ANG-(1-7) infusion. Superoxides 94-104 angiogenin Rattus norvegicus 25-33 21803946-5 2011 Acute preincubation with ANG-(1-7) and chronic infusion of ANG-(1-7) ameliorated the elevated superoxide levels in rats fed a high-salt diet, but the expression of Cu/Zn SOD and Mn SOD enzyme proteins in the vessel wall was unaffected by ANG-(1-7) infusion. Superoxides 94-104 angiogenin Rattus norvegicus 59-67 21803946-5 2011 Acute preincubation with ANG-(1-7) and chronic infusion of ANG-(1-7) ameliorated the elevated superoxide levels in rats fed a high-salt diet, but the expression of Cu/Zn SOD and Mn SOD enzyme proteins in the vessel wall was unaffected by ANG-(1-7) infusion. Superoxides 94-104 angiogenin Rattus norvegicus 59-67 21789481-6 2011 Finally, we established novel RGM1 cells that overexpressed manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), which removes superoxide from mitochondria, and examined the effect of acid treatment on cellular membrane lipid peroxidation. Superoxides 70-80 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 92-97 21704706-3 2011 However, at lower doses, morphinans exert anti-inflammatory activities through the inhibition of NOX2-dependent superoxide production in activated microglia. Superoxides 112-122 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 97-101 21586323-5 2011 Our findings demonstrate that Nox2ds, but not its scrambled control, potently inhibited superoxide (O(2)( -)) production in the Nox2 cell-free system, as assessed by the cytochrome c assay. Superoxides 88-98 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 30-34 21586323-5 2011 Our findings demonstrate that Nox2ds, but not its scrambled control, potently inhibited superoxide (O(2)( -)) production in the Nox2 cell-free system, as assessed by the cytochrome c assay. Superoxides 88-98 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 128-132 21586323-5 2011 Our findings demonstrate that Nox2ds, but not its scrambled control, potently inhibited superoxide (O(2)( -)) production in the Nox2 cell-free system, as assessed by the cytochrome c assay. Superoxides 100-104 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 30-34 21586323-5 2011 Our findings demonstrate that Nox2ds, but not its scrambled control, potently inhibited superoxide (O(2)( -)) production in the Nox2 cell-free system, as assessed by the cytochrome c assay. Superoxides 100-104 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 128-132 21586323-6 2011 Electron paramagnetic resonance confirmed that Nox2ds inhibits O(2)( -) production by Nox2 oxidase. Superoxides 63-71 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 47-51 21586323-6 2011 Electron paramagnetic resonance confirmed that Nox2ds inhibits O(2)( -) production by Nox2 oxidase. Superoxides 63-71 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 86-90 21708945-2 2011 In each case, superoxide production had a similar bell-shaped relationship to the reduction state of cytochrome b(566), suggesting that superoxide production peaks at intermediate Q-reduction state because it comes from a semiquinone in the outer quinone-binding site in complex III (Q(o)). Superoxides 14-24 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 101-113 21708945-2 2011 In each case, superoxide production had a similar bell-shaped relationship to the reduction state of cytochrome b(566), suggesting that superoxide production peaks at intermediate Q-reduction state because it comes from a semiquinone in the outer quinone-binding site in complex III (Q(o)). Superoxides 136-146 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 101-113 21703327-0 2011 Induction of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein-homologous protein by cigarette smoke through the superoxide anion-triggered PERK-eIF2alpha pathway. Superoxides 94-110 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A Homo sapiens 126-135 21703327-11 2011 CSE, O(2)(-) and ONOO(-) induced phosphorylation of protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha (eIF2alpha) and caused induction of downstream activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Superoxides 5-9 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A Homo sapiens 93-140 21703327-11 2011 CSE, O(2)(-) and ONOO(-) induced phosphorylation of protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha (eIF2alpha) and caused induction of downstream activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Superoxides 5-9 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2A Homo sapiens 142-151 21703327-11 2011 CSE, O(2)(-) and ONOO(-) induced phosphorylation of protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2alpha (eIF2alpha) and caused induction of downstream activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Superoxides 5-9 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 223-227 21730301-2 2011 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) is essential for removing extracellular superoxide anions, and it is highly expressed in lung tissue. Superoxides 82-99 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 36-40 21474673-1 2011 The small GTPase Rac1 is involved in the activation of the reduced NAD phosphate oxidase complex resulting in superoxide production. Superoxides 110-120 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 17-21 21474673-3 2011 We report here that silencing and functional inhibition of Rac1 block Bcl-2-mediated increase in intracellular superoxide levels in tumor cells. Superoxides 111-121 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 59-63 21474673-6 2011 That this interaction is functionally relevant is supported by the ability of the Bcl-2 BH3 peptide as well as the silencing and functional inhibition of Rac1 to inhibit intracellular superoxide production as well as overcome Bcl-2-mediated drug resistance in human leukemia cells and cervical cancer cells. Superoxides 184-194 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 154-158 21411480-5 2011 When the cells were transfected with a siRNA targeting the PRR, Nox4 expression was efficiently prevented as well as the increase in superoxide production, TGF-beta, fibronectin, and PAI-1. Superoxides 133-143 ATPase H+ transporting accessory protein 2 Homo sapiens 59-62 21376054-4 2011 Further, Ang-II induced WISP1 was superoxide-dependent, and inhibited by DPI, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidases, and by knockdown of NOX2. Superoxides 34-44 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 130-134 21293310-10 2011 Selective nNOS inhibition with L-VNIO attenuated cardiac superoxide production and limited remodeling, leading to improved diastolic function in OVX mRen2.Lewis rats. Superoxides 57-67 nitric oxide synthase 1 Rattus norvegicus 10-14 21297023-2 2011 Although the mechanisms underlying these NHE1-mediated effects suggest delay of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening, and reduction of mitochondrial-derived superoxide production, the possibility of NHE1 blockade targeting mitochondria has been incompletely explored. Superoxides 178-188 solute carrier family 9 member A1 Rattus norvegicus 41-45 18635819-0 2011 Retraction: Platelet-derived RANTES mediates hypercholesterolemia-induced superoxide production and endothelial dysfunction. Superoxides 74-84 C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 Homo sapiens 29-35 18952889-0 2011 Platelet-derived RANTES mediates hypercholesterolemia-induced superoxide production and endothelial dysfunction: retraction. Superoxides 62-72 C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 Homo sapiens 17-23 21425153-7 2011 Increased activation of p38MAPK, MAPKAPK2, and Hsp27 was observed in lung cancer stem cells compared with control A549 cells both before and after exposure to superoxide and chemotoxic agents. Superoxides 159-169 heat shock protein 1 Mus musculus 47-52 21425153-9 2011 CONCLUSIONS: The authors" data demonstrate that lung cancer stem cells have elevated levels of activated Hsp27 upon treatment with superoxide and traditional chemotherapy. Superoxides 131-141 heat shock protein 1 Mus musculus 105-110 21346177-7 2011 Uric acid-induced increase in MCP-1 production was blocked by scavenging superoxide or by inhibiting NADPH oxidase and by stimulating peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-gamma with rosiglitazone. Superoxides 73-83 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 Mus musculus 30-35 21340460-11 2011 These results indicate that c-Src in the PVN is involved in the enhanced CSAR and sympathetic activation in renovascular hypertension, and mediates the excitatory effects of Ang II in the PVN on the CSAR and sympathetic activity via NAD(P)H oxidase-derived generation of superoxide anions. Superoxides 271-288 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Rattus norvegicus 28-33 21160034-7 2011 Endothelial cells cultured on microfibrils prepared from Tsk(-/+) mice demonstrated reduced proliferation, a prooxidant state (reduced nitric oxide-to-superoxide anion ratio), increased apoptosis, and collagen-related protein expression associated with mesenchymal transition. Superoxides 151-167 fibrillin 1 Mus musculus 57-60 21352551-7 2011 Superoxide production was dependent on the presence of LBP, but was not significantly affected by a blocking antibody to TLR4. Superoxides 0-10 lipopolysaccharide binding protein Homo sapiens 55-58 21304882-8 2011 In vivo administration of the Nox2 inhibitor apocynin significantly suppressed viral titer, airways inflammation and inflammatory cell superoxide production following infection with X-31 or PR8. Superoxides 135-145 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 30-34 21268708-2 2011 Hamster fibroblasts (B9 cells) expressing a mutation in the gene coding for the mitochondrial electron transport chain protein succinate dehydrogenase subunit C (SDHC) demonstrate increases in steady-state levels of O2 - and H2O2. Superoxides 216-218 succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit C Homo sapiens 127-160 21268708-2 2011 Hamster fibroblasts (B9 cells) expressing a mutation in the gene coding for the mitochondrial electron transport chain protein succinate dehydrogenase subunit C (SDHC) demonstrate increases in steady-state levels of O2 - and H2O2. Superoxides 216-218 succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit C Homo sapiens 162-166 21268708-7 2011 These results show that mammalian cells over expressing mutations in SDHC demonstrate low-dose/low-LET radiation sensitization that is mediated by increased levels of O2 - and H2O2. Superoxides 167-169 succinate dehydrogenase complex subunit C Homo sapiens 69-73 20920494-5 2011 LPS-induced ICAM-1 and IL-8 expression was associated with increased superoxide formation in AEC. Superoxides 69-79 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 12-18 20959532-8 2011 Silencing TLR2, TLR4, and p47phox with small inhibitory RNAs (siRNAs) significantly reduced superoxide release, NF-kappaB activity, IL-1beta, and MCP-1 secretion in HG and palmitate-treated THP-1 cells. Superoxides 92-102 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 26-33 21673968-4 2011 NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide levels, assayed by lucigenin chemiluminescence, were also significantly increased in diabetic mesenteric arteries (diabetes, 4892+-946 counts/mg versus normal 2486+-344 counts/mg, n = 7-10, p<0.01) associated with an increase in Nox2 expression but DiOHF (2094+-300 counts/mg, n = 10, p<0.001) reversed that effect. Superoxides 22-32 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 265-269 21673968-13 2011 CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: DiOHF improves NO activity in diabetes by reducing Nox2-dependent superoxide production and preventing eNOS uncoupling to improve endothelial function. Superoxides 92-102 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 77-81 20932897-18 2010 Further testing in models of chronic lung or pulmonary vascular diseases mediated by excess superoxide should consider the longer tissue half-life of SOD2/3 as well as its potential systemic vascular effects. Superoxides 92-102 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 150-154 20884337-3 2010 In astrocytes, oligomeric Abeta induces the assembly of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase complexes resulting in its activation to produce anionic superoxide. Superoxides 173-183 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 26-31 20884337-8 2010 Our data showed that laser light at 632.8 nm suppressed Abeta-induced superoxide production, colocalization between NADPH oxidase gp91(phox) and p47(phox) subunits, phosphorylation of cPLA(2,) and the expressions of IL-1beta and iNOS in primary astrocytes. Superoxides 70-80 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 56-61 21123558-0 2010 Bax regulates production of superoxide in both apoptotic and nonapoptotic neurons: role of caspases. Superoxides 28-38 BCL2-associated X protein Mus musculus 0-3 21123558-1 2010 A Bax- and, apparently, mitochondria-dependent increase in superoxide (O(2)( -)) and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurs in apoptotic superior cervical ganglion (SCG) and cerebellar granule (CG) neurons. Superoxides 59-69 BCL2-associated X protein Mus musculus 2-5 21123558-1 2010 A Bax- and, apparently, mitochondria-dependent increase in superoxide (O(2)( -)) and other reactive oxygen species (ROS) occurs in apoptotic superior cervical ganglion (SCG) and cerebellar granule (CG) neurons. Superoxides 71-75 BCL2-associated X protein Mus musculus 2-5 21123558-3 2010 We used the O(2)( -)-sensitive dye MitoSOX to monitor O(2)( -) in neurons expressing different levels of Bax and mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2). Superoxides 12-16 BCL2-associated X protein Mus musculus 105-108 21123558-9 2010 O(2)( -) levels in nonapoptotic caspase 3-null SCG neurons were lower than in WT cells but not as low as in caspase inhibitor-treated cells. Superoxides 0-4 caspase 3 Mus musculus 32-41 21123558-10 2010 These data indicate that Bax lies upstream of most O(2)( -) produced in neurons, that caspase 3 is required for increased O(2)( -) production during neuronal apoptosis, that caspase 3 is partially involved in O(2)( -) production in nonapoptotic neurons, and that other caspases may also be involved in Bax-dependent O(2)( -) production in nonapoptotic cells. Superoxides 51-55 BCL2-associated X protein Mus musculus 25-28 21123558-10 2010 These data indicate that Bax lies upstream of most O(2)( -) produced in neurons, that caspase 3 is required for increased O(2)( -) production during neuronal apoptosis, that caspase 3 is partially involved in O(2)( -) production in nonapoptotic neurons, and that other caspases may also be involved in Bax-dependent O(2)( -) production in nonapoptotic cells. Superoxides 122-126 caspase 3 Mus musculus 86-95 21123558-10 2010 These data indicate that Bax lies upstream of most O(2)( -) produced in neurons, that caspase 3 is required for increased O(2)( -) production during neuronal apoptosis, that caspase 3 is partially involved in O(2)( -) production in nonapoptotic neurons, and that other caspases may also be involved in Bax-dependent O(2)( -) production in nonapoptotic cells. Superoxides 122-126 caspase 3 Mus musculus 174-183 21123558-10 2010 These data indicate that Bax lies upstream of most O(2)( -) produced in neurons, that caspase 3 is required for increased O(2)( -) production during neuronal apoptosis, that caspase 3 is partially involved in O(2)( -) production in nonapoptotic neurons, and that other caspases may also be involved in Bax-dependent O(2)( -) production in nonapoptotic cells. Superoxides 51-59 BCL2-associated X protein Mus musculus 25-28 21123558-10 2010 These data indicate that Bax lies upstream of most O(2)( -) produced in neurons, that caspase 3 is required for increased O(2)( -) production during neuronal apoptosis, that caspase 3 is partially involved in O(2)( -) production in nonapoptotic neurons, and that other caspases may also be involved in Bax-dependent O(2)( -) production in nonapoptotic cells. Superoxides 122-126 caspase 3 Mus musculus 86-95 21123558-10 2010 These data indicate that Bax lies upstream of most O(2)( -) produced in neurons, that caspase 3 is required for increased O(2)( -) production during neuronal apoptosis, that caspase 3 is partially involved in O(2)( -) production in nonapoptotic neurons, and that other caspases may also be involved in Bax-dependent O(2)( -) production in nonapoptotic cells. Superoxides 122-126 caspase 3 Mus musculus 174-183 21124855-12 2010 It is also demonstrated that a massive reduction in H(v)1 expression can limit the Nox2 mediated superoxide production of PLB-985 granulocytes. Superoxides 97-107 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 83-87 21084597-7 2010 Treatment of the EAAC1(-/-) mice with either N-acetyl cysteine or with zinc chelators reduced ischemia-induced zinc translocation, superoxide production, and neuron death. Superoxides 131-141 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 17-22 20660016-6 2010 We show that reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as H(2)O(2) and superoxide anion (via the xanthine/xanthine oxidase reaction) as well as the FFA palmitate augment TRB3 expression in podocytes. Superoxides 64-80 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 99-115 20844008-0 2010 Rac1-dependent intracellular superoxide formation mediates vascular endothelial growth factor-induced placental angiogenesis in vitro. Superoxides 29-39 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 20844008-4 2010 Intracellular superoxide formation began to significantly increase after 25-30 min of VEGF stimulation, which was mediated by both VEGFR1 and VEGFR2. Superoxides 14-24 kinase insert domain receptor Homo sapiens 142-148 20844008-6 2010 In oFAPEC transfected with specific Rac1 small interfering RNA (siRNA, 40 nm), VEGF-induced intracellular superoxide formation was completely abrogated in association with a 78% reduction of endogenous Rac1. Superoxides 106-116 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 36-40 20599945-3 2010 In MCF-7 breast cancer cells, increased formation of autophagic vacuoles after inactivation of BRCA1 by siRNAs is associated with an increase in reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 178-194 BRCA1 DNA repair associated Homo sapiens 95-100 21253464-7 2010 Other phenotypes identified suggest that AIM45, YGR207c/CIR1 and YOR356w/CIR2 can protect cells from oxidative and heat stress, which encompass increased heat stress sensitivity, superoxide sensitivity, both only on non-fermentable carbon sources. Superoxides 179-189 putative electron-transferring-flavoprotein dehydrogenase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 73-77 20529851-1 2010 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex of resting phagocytes includes cytochrome b(559), a membrane-associated heterodimer composed of two subunits (Nox2 and p22(phox)), and four cytosolic proteins (p47(phox), p67(phox), Rac, and p40(phox)). Superoxides 4-14 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 79-91 20529851-1 2010 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex of resting phagocytes includes cytochrome b(559), a membrane-associated heterodimer composed of two subunits (Nox2 and p22(phox)), and four cytosolic proteins (p47(phox), p67(phox), Rac, and p40(phox)). Superoxides 4-14 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 158-162 20529851-1 2010 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex of resting phagocytes includes cytochrome b(559), a membrane-associated heterodimer composed of two subunits (Nox2 and p22(phox)), and four cytosolic proteins (p47(phox), p67(phox), Rac, and p40(phox)). Superoxides 4-14 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 230-233 20716294-2 2010 Our studies in endothelium-rubbed bovine pulmonary arteries suggest increased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase levels (compared to coronary arteries) seem to maintain a tonic peroxide-mediated relaxation removed by hypoxia through NADPH fueling superoxide generation from Nox oxidase. Superoxides 246-256 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Bos taurus 78-111 20716294-3 2010 The activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, oxidases (i.e., Nox4), and systems metabolizing superoxide and peroxide markedly influence hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV). Superoxides 101-111 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Bos taurus 18-51 20083360-3 2010 Nox2- and Nox4-dependent NADPH oxidase activity appears to be a major source of this oxidative stress, and oxidants can induce conformational changes in xanthine dehydrogenase, nitric oxide synthase, and the mitochondrial respiratory chain which increase their capacity to generate superoxide as well. Superoxides 282-292 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 0-4 20226235-6 2010 It was observed that superoxide production through the activation of the calcium-dependent enzymes, phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) and xanthine oxidase (XaO), contributes to neuronal damage, while nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is apparently not involved. Superoxides 21-31 phospholipase A2 group IVA Homo sapiens 120-127 20211249-3 2010 Previously, it has been demonstrated that the redox cycling of GM by NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase leads to the formation of the GM semiquinone and superoxide radicals, the latter being identified using spin-trapping. Superoxides 150-160 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Rattus norvegicus 69-100 20211249-5 2010 Our data demonstrate that superoxide can be efficiently trapped during the reduction of GM, 17-AAG and 17-DMAG by NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase, and that superoxide formation rate followed the order 17-DMAG > 17-AAG > GM. Superoxides 26-36 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Rattus norvegicus 114-145 19819434-2 2010 The G6PD inhibitor DHEA and the inhibitors of NADPH oxidase apocynin and diphenylene iodonium (DPI) prevented both superoxide generation and capacitation in human spermatozoa, but whereas DPI and DHEA inhibited PPP, apocynin did not influence it, suggesting that PPP activation during capacitation is not a response to increased oxidative stress but exerts a role by supplying reducing equivalents to oxygen. Superoxides 115-125 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 4-8 20512454-10 2010 Obese mice showed increased vascular superoxide production, which was diminished by endothelial denudation, pretreated of the vascular rings with apocynin (an inhibitor of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NADPH] oxidase), oxypurinol (an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase), N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (LNAME; an inhibitor of eNOS), or by adding the BH(4) precursor sepiapterin. Superoxides 37-47 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 270-286 20190037-4 2010 In mouse immune cells, EGCG induces SOCS1 expression via an oxidative (superoxide) pathway and activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 transcription factor. Superoxides 71-81 suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 Mus musculus 36-41 20493396-1 2010 Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a primary immunodeficiency disease that is caused by the lack of 1 of 5 subunits of the superoxide-producing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase of neutrophils, macrophages, and eosinophils. Superoxides 127-137 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 31-34 20346917-7 2010 These results suggested that curcumin dramatically enhances RA-induced O(2)(-)-generating activity via accumulation of cytosolic p47-phox and p67-phox proteins in U937 cells. Superoxides 71-78 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 129-137 20228280-4 2010 All 3 superoxide detection reagents performed well statistically in terms of IC(50) reproducibility and met a desired Z" value requirement of >0.4. Superoxides 6-16 paired box 5 Homo sapiens 0-5 20043988-7 2010 In conclusion, H(2)O(2) stimulates NOX2-mediated superoxide generation in neutrophils and K562/NOX2 cells via a signaling pathway involving Ca(2+) influx and c-Abl tyrosine kinase acting upstream of PKCdelta. Superoxides 49-59 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 35-39 20043988-7 2010 In conclusion, H(2)O(2) stimulates NOX2-mediated superoxide generation in neutrophils and K562/NOX2 cells via a signaling pathway involving Ca(2+) influx and c-Abl tyrosine kinase acting upstream of PKCdelta. Superoxides 49-59 ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 158-163 19942609-9 2010 Moreover, beclin-1 gene expression was directly dependent on POX catalytic activity, namely the generation of POX-dependent superoxide. Superoxides 124-134 beclin 1 Homo sapiens 10-18 19946124-8 2010 Disruption of eNOS-beta-actin interaction in endothelial cells using ABS peptide 326 resulted in decreased NO production, increased superoxide formation, and decreased endothelial monolayer wound repair, which was prevented by PEG-SOD and NO donor NOC-18. Superoxides 132-142 POTE ankyrin domain family member F Homo sapiens 19-29 19946124-9 2010 Taken together, this novel finding indicates that beta-actin binding to eNOS through residues 326-333 in the eNOS protein results in shifting the enzymatic activity from superoxide formation toward NO production. Superoxides 170-180 POTE ankyrin domain family member F Homo sapiens 50-60 19946124-10 2010 Modulation of NO and superoxide formation from eNOS by beta-actin plays an important role in endothelial function. Superoxides 21-31 POTE ankyrin domain family member F Homo sapiens 55-65 19897743-0 2010 Chronic hypoxia augments depolarization-induced Ca2+ sensitization in pulmonary vascular smooth muscle through superoxide-dependent stimulation of RhoA. Superoxides 111-121 ras homolog family member A Rattus norvegicus 147-151 19897743-6 2010 Finally, using a RhoA-GTP pull-down assay, we investigated the contribution of O(2)(-) to depolarization-induced RhoA activation. Superoxides 79-83 ras homolog family member A Rattus norvegicus 113-117 19897743-9 2010 These findings reveal a novel mechanistic link between VSM membrane depolarization, O(2)(-) generation, and RhoA activation that mediates enhanced myofilament Ca(2+) sensitization and pulmonary vasoconstriction following CH. Superoxides 84-88 ras homolog family member A Rattus norvegicus 108-112 19923407-0 2010 Rac1 mediates NaCl-induced superoxide generation in the thick ascending limb. Superoxides 27-37 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 19923407-5 2010 We hypothesized that increasing luminal NaCl within the physiological range activates Rac1 and NADPH oxidase and, thereby, increases O(2)(-) production. Superoxides 133-137 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 86-90 19923407-13 2010 Similarly, in vivo treatment of TALs with adenovirus expressing dominant-negative Rac1 decreased NaCl-induced O(2)(-) generation by 60% compared with control (0.33 +/- 0.04 vs. 0.81 +/- 0.17 nmol O(2)(-) x min(-1) x mg protein(-1), n = 6, P < 0.05). Superoxides 110-114 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 82-86 20038746-1 2010 Type 1 diabetes provokes a protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent accumulation of superoxide anion in the renal medullary thick ascending limb (mTAL). Superoxides 76-92 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 45-48 20038749-8 2010 Vessels from IL-17(-/-) mice displayed preserved vascular function, decreased superoxide production, and reduced T-cell infiltration in response to angiotensin II. Superoxides 78-88 interleukin 17A Mus musculus 13-18 19828843-0 2010 Effect of xanthine oxidase-generated extracellular superoxide on skeletal muscle force generation. Superoxides 51-61 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 10-26 19828843-2 2010 We tested the hypotheses that 1) after an isometric contraction protocol, xanthine oxidase (XO) activity is a source of superoxide anion in the extracellular space of skeletal muscle and 2) the increase in XO-derived extracellular superoxide anion during contractions affects skeletal muscle contractile function. Superoxides 120-136 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 74-90 19828843-2 2010 We tested the hypotheses that 1) after an isometric contraction protocol, xanthine oxidase (XO) activity is a source of superoxide anion in the extracellular space of skeletal muscle and 2) the increase in XO-derived extracellular superoxide anion during contractions affects skeletal muscle contractile function. Superoxides 120-136 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 92-94 19828843-2 2010 We tested the hypotheses that 1) after an isometric contraction protocol, xanthine oxidase (XO) activity is a source of superoxide anion in the extracellular space of skeletal muscle and 2) the increase in XO-derived extracellular superoxide anion during contractions affects skeletal muscle contractile function. Superoxides 120-136 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 206-208 19828843-2 2010 We tested the hypotheses that 1) after an isometric contraction protocol, xanthine oxidase (XO) activity is a source of superoxide anion in the extracellular space of skeletal muscle and 2) the increase in XO-derived extracellular superoxide anion during contractions affects skeletal muscle contractile function. Superoxides 231-247 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 74-90 19828843-2 2010 We tested the hypotheses that 1) after an isometric contraction protocol, xanthine oxidase (XO) activity is a source of superoxide anion in the extracellular space of skeletal muscle and 2) the increase in XO-derived extracellular superoxide anion during contractions affects skeletal muscle contractile function. Superoxides 231-247 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 206-208 19828843-5 2010 Mice treated with the XO inhibitor oxypurinol showed a smaller increase in superoxide anions in muscle microdialysates following contractions than in microdialysates from muscles of vehicle-treated mice. Superoxides 75-85 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 22-24 19828843-9 2010 Thus these studies indicate that XO activity contributes to the increased superoxide anion detected within the extracellular space of skeletal muscles during nondamaging contractile activity and that XO-derived superoxide anion or derivatives of this radical have a positive effect on muscle force generation during isometric contractions of mouse skeletal muscles. Superoxides 74-90 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 33-35 19823181-11 2010 CONCLUSION: The demonstration in the current study that adiponectin reverses endothelial dysfunction through increasing NO production by eNOS phosphorylation, and decreasing NO inactivation by blocking superoxide production provides a new direction in the prevention of vascular injury in the obesity population. Superoxides 202-212 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Rattus norvegicus 56-67 20930427-8 2010 A defect of mitochondrial NDUFV1 may reduce complex I, which produces most of the superoxide, which is then scavenged by the mitochondrial enzyme Mn-superoxide dismutase to produce H(2)O(2). Superoxides 82-92 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit V1 Homo sapiens 26-32 20035290-6 2009 These results indicated that the effects of sulfur amino acids on tyrosyl or serine/threonine phosphorylation and the translocation of p47phox, p67phox, and rac to the cell membrane in the stimulus-treated human neutrophils were in parallel with those of the stimulus-induced superoxide generation reported in previous paper. Superoxides 276-286 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 135-142 19801448-2 2009 Rac2, a member of the Rho GTPase subfamily, is an essential regulator of neutrophil degranulation, superoxide release, and chemotaxis. Superoxides 99-109 Rac family small GTPase 2 Mus musculus 0-4 19806166-4 2009 The production of superoxide in par2-1 is comparable to that of wild-type plants when treated by paraquat (1,1"-dimethyl-4,4"-bipyridinium dichloride), suggesting that PAR2 acts downstream of superoxide to regulate cell death. Superoxides 18-28 phy rapidly regulated 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 32-36 19806166-4 2009 The production of superoxide in par2-1 is comparable to that of wild-type plants when treated by paraquat (1,1"-dimethyl-4,4"-bipyridinium dichloride), suggesting that PAR2 acts downstream of superoxide to regulate cell death. Superoxides 18-28 phy rapidly regulated 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 168-172 19806166-4 2009 The production of superoxide in par2-1 is comparable to that of wild-type plants when treated by paraquat (1,1"-dimethyl-4,4"-bipyridinium dichloride), suggesting that PAR2 acts downstream of superoxide to regulate cell death. Superoxides 192-202 phy rapidly regulated 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 168-172 19892919-5 2009 When cells were transfected with PDK1 siRNA, there was a significant reduction in chemotaxis, while superoxide generation was not significantly affected. Superoxides 100-110 pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 Homo sapiens 33-37 19741016-0 2009 PKC-dependent superoxide production by the renal medullary thick ascending limb from diabetic rats. Superoxides 14-24 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 0-3 19741016-3 2009 We hypothesized that T1D increases O2*- production by the mTAL through a PKC-dependent mechanism involving increased expression and translocation of one or more PKC isoforms. Superoxides 35-38 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 73-76 19741016-3 2009 We hypothesized that T1D increases O2*- production by the mTAL through a PKC-dependent mechanism involving increased expression and translocation of one or more PKC isoforms. Superoxides 35-38 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 161-164 19741016-7 2009 Exposure to calphostin C or chelerythrine (PKC inhibitors), Go6976 (PKCalpha/beta inhibitor), or rottlerin (PKCdelta inhibitor) decreased O2*- production to <20% of untreated baseline in both normal/sham and STZ mTALs. Superoxides 138-141 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 43-46 19741016-7 2009 Exposure to calphostin C or chelerythrine (PKC inhibitors), Go6976 (PKCalpha/beta inhibitor), or rottlerin (PKCdelta inhibitor) decreased O2*- production to <20% of untreated baseline in both normal/sham and STZ mTALs. Superoxides 138-141 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 68-76 19786829-4 2009 We discuss the role of superoxide and other reactive oxygen species upstream of mitochondrial depolarization, fission and autophagy in PINK1 knockdown lines. Superoxides 23-33 PTEN induced kinase 1 Homo sapiens 135-140 19481066-0 2009 Bz-423 superoxide signals B cell apoptosis via Mcl-1, Bak, and Bax. Superoxides 7-17 BCL2-associated X protein Mus musculus 63-66 19481066-6 2009 Treatment with Bz-423 results in superoxide-dependent Mcl-1 degradation, implicating this protein as the link between Bz-423-induced superoxide and Bax and Bak activation. Superoxides 33-43 BCL2-associated X protein Mus musculus 148-151 19635469-1 2009 A novel electrochemical sensor was used in this study to determine the correlations between jugular venous O(2)(-) and HMGB1, malondialdehyde (MDA), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in rats with forebrain ischemia/reperfusion (FBI/R). Superoxides 107-111 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 119-124 19635469-9 2009 Here, we report the correlation between O(2)(-) and HMGB1, MDA, and sICAM-1 in rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, using a novel electrochemical sensor. Superoxides 40-44 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 52-57 19438290-3 2009 Nox1 and Nox3 are similar to the phagocytic (Nox2-based) oxidase, functioning as multicomponent superoxide-generating enzymes. Superoxides 96-106 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 45-49 19602668-4 2009 STC1 induces the expression of mitochondrial UCP2, diminishing mitochondrial membrane potential and superoxide generation; studies in UCP2 null and gp91phox null macrophages suggest that suppression of superoxide by STC1 is UCP2-dependent yet is gp91phox-independent. Superoxides 202-212 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 246-254 19783863-6 2009 Moreover, we also confirmed that peroxynitrite formation and eNOS uncoupling-mediated superoxide generation in microvessels are inhibited by a novel calmodulin inhibitor. Superoxides 86-96 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 61-65 19647030-3 2009 Mitochondria are the major source of superoxide production, and SOD2 is mainly localized in mitochondria and, with other SODs, plays an important role in scavenging superoxide. Superoxides 165-175 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 64-68 19559082-7 2009 These results indicated that BaP induced NCF1/p47(phox) expression and subsequently enhanced superoxide anion production in PMA-treated human macrophages, in an AhR-dependent manner; such an NCF1/NADPH oxidase regulation by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons may participate in deleterious effects toward human health triggered by these environmental contaminants, including atherosclerosis and smoking-related diseases. Superoxides 93-109 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 191-195 19450058-2 2009 We demonstrate here that the activation of NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1), a specialized superoxide-generating enzyme complex, plays a key role in the oxidative stress and subsequent dopaminergic cell death elicited by paraquat. Superoxides 81-91 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 43-58 19450058-2 2009 We demonstrate here that the activation of NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1), a specialized superoxide-generating enzyme complex, plays a key role in the oxidative stress and subsequent dopaminergic cell death elicited by paraquat. Superoxides 81-91 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 60-64 19450058-4 2009 Rac1, a key component necessary for Nox1-mediated superoxide generation, also was activated by paraquat. Superoxides 50-60 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 36-40 19450058-8 2009 Our results suggest that Nox1-generated superoxide is implicated in the oxidative stress elicited by paraquat in DA cells, and it can serve as a novel target for pharmacologic intervention. Superoxides 40-50 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 25-29 19645710-7 2009 CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Under conditions of increased vascular superoxide production, endothelial function is retained in LAD in OLETF rats at the early hyperglycaemic stage, partly due to enhanced endothelial NOS protein expression. Superoxides 69-79 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 204-219 19406829-2 2009 Herein, we report that eosinophilia in MES rats is caused by a loss-of-function mutation in the gene for cytochrome b(-245), alpha polypeptide (Cyba; also known as p22(phox)), which is an essential component of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex. Superoxides 215-225 cytochrome b, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 105-117 19501153-3 2009 Mitochondria are the major source of superoxide production, and SOD2 is mainly localized in mitochondria and, with other SODs, plays an important role in scavenging superoxide. Superoxides 165-175 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 64-68 19625648-1 2009 Rac1 and Rac2, members of the small Rho GTPase family, play essential roles in coordinating directional migration and superoxide production during neutrophil responses to chemoattractants. Superoxides 118-128 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 19534724-1 2009 Rac1 and Rac2, which belong to the Rho subfamily of Ras-related GTPases, play an essential role in activation of gp91phox/Nox2 (cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide; also known as Cybb), the catalytic core of the superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase in phagocytes. Superoxides 211-221 Rac family small GTPase 2 Mus musculus 9-13 19534724-6 2009 Although Rac2, as well as Rac1, is capable of enhancing superoxide production by Nox1 and Nox3, the enhancements by the two GTPases are both independent of the insert region. Superoxides 56-66 Rac family small GTPase 2 Mus musculus 9-13 19534724-6 2009 Although Rac2, as well as Rac1, is capable of enhancing superoxide production by Nox1 and Nox3, the enhancements by the two GTPases are both independent of the insert region. Superoxides 56-66 NADPH oxidase 3 Mus musculus 90-94 19528246-2 2009 Depending on availability of substrate and/or necessary co-factors, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) can generate NO and/or superoxide (O(2)(-)). Superoxides 132-142 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 68-101 19528246-2 2009 Depending on availability of substrate and/or necessary co-factors, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) can generate NO and/or superoxide (O(2)(-)). Superoxides 132-142 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 103-107 19528246-9 2009 Flow-stimulated, eNOS-derived O(2)(-) levels were higher in arterioles from old SED compared to those from young SED rats. Superoxides 30-34 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 17-21 19528246-10 2009 Exercise training increased flow-stimulated eNOS-derived O(2)(-) levels in arterioles from young but not old rats. Superoxides 57-61 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 44-48 19473058-0 2009 Nitric oxide and superoxide anion differentially activate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 and Bax to induce nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor and mitochondrial release of cytochrome c after spinal cord injury. Superoxides 17-33 apoptosis inducing factor, mitochondria associated 1 Rattus norvegicus 131-156 19473058-4 2009 The augmented O(2)(.-) production, along with concomitant reduction in mitochondrial respiratory chain enzyme activity or ATP level, nuclear translocation of AIF, cytosolic release of cytochrome c, and DNA fragmentation were reversed by osmotic minipump infusion of a NO trapping agent, carboxy-PTIO, or a superoxide dismutase mimetic, tempol, into the epicenter of the transected spinal cord. Superoxides 14-18 apoptosis inducing factor, mitochondria associated 1 Rattus norvegicus 158-161 19473058-6 2009 We conclude that overproduction of NO and O(2)(.-) in the injured spinal cord promulgates mitochondrial dysfunction and triggers AIF- and caspase-dependent apoptotic signaling cascades via differential upregulation of nuclear PARP-1 and mitochondrial translocation of Bax. Superoxides 42-46 apoptosis inducing factor, mitochondria associated 1 Rattus norvegicus 129-132 19061438-2 2009 With activation, the integral membrane flavocytochrome of Nox 2 transfers an electron from intracellular NADPH to extracellular O(2), generating superoxide anion (O(2)(*-)). Superoxides 128-132 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 58-63 19061438-2 2009 With activation, the integral membrane flavocytochrome of Nox 2 transfers an electron from intracellular NADPH to extracellular O(2), generating superoxide anion (O(2)(*-)). Superoxides 145-161 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 58-63 19061438-2 2009 With activation, the integral membrane flavocytochrome of Nox 2 transfers an electron from intracellular NADPH to extracellular O(2), generating superoxide anion (O(2)(*-)). Superoxides 163-167 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 58-63 19061438-5 2009 Endosomes containing Nox2 and ClC-3 (called signaling endosomes) are composed of internalized plasma membrane and generate O(2)(*-) in the endosomal lumen to initiate signaling at intracellular sites. Superoxides 123-127 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 21-25 19113817-6 2009 Studies using both Nox2 siRNA and Nox2-knockout primary fibroblasts indicated that Nox2 was critical for TNF-alpha-mediated induction of endosomal superoxide. Superoxides 147-157 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 34-38 19113817-6 2009 Studies using both Nox2 siRNA and Nox2-knockout primary fibroblasts indicated that Nox2 was critical for TNF-alpha-mediated induction of endosomal superoxide. Superoxides 147-157 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 34-38 19332555-0 2009 Execution of superoxide-induced cell death by the proapoptotic Bcl-2-related proteins Bid and Bak. Superoxides 13-23 BCL2 antagonist/killer 1 Homo sapiens 94-97 19332555-6 2009 Together, these studies identify an O(2)(*-)-driven, caspase-initiated apoptotic pathway that selectively involves the Bcl-2 family proteins Bid and Bak. Superoxides 36-42 BCL2 antagonist/killer 1 Homo sapiens 149-152 19332555-7 2009 This pathway manifests itself during chronic ethanol consumption in aged animals and identifies caspase-2, Bid, and Bak as essential mediators of O(2)(*-)-induced apoptosis that may prove effective targets for the development of therapeutics to treat alcoholic liver disease. Superoxides 146-154 BCL2 antagonist/killer 1 Homo sapiens 116-119 19558814-0 2009 [Effects of clearance of superoxide anion by catechin on the expression of NO and eNOS and apoptosis in endothelial progenitor cells induced by angiotensin II]. Superoxides 25-41 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 82-86 19558814-1 2009 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of clearance of superoxide anion by catechin on the expression of nitrogen monoxidum (NO) and endothelial nitricoxide synthase (eNOS) and apoptosis in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) induced by angiotensin II (Ang II). Superoxides 50-66 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 128-160 19558814-1 2009 OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of clearance of superoxide anion by catechin on the expression of nitrogen monoxidum (NO) and endothelial nitricoxide synthase (eNOS) and apoptosis in endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) induced by angiotensin II (Ang II). Superoxides 50-66 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 162-166 19414794-4 2009 We observed impaired O(2)( ) generation by LPS-treated and fMLP-activated IRAK4-deficient PMN that correlated with decreased phosphorylation of p47(phox) and subnormal translocation of p47(phox), p67(phox), Rac2, and gp91(phox)/Nox2 to the membranes indicating that TLR4 signaling to the NOX activation pathway requires IRAK4. Superoxides 21-25 interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase 4 Homo sapiens 74-79 19414794-4 2009 We observed impaired O(2)( ) generation by LPS-treated and fMLP-activated IRAK4-deficient PMN that correlated with decreased phosphorylation of p47(phox) and subnormal translocation of p47(phox), p67(phox), Rac2, and gp91(phox)/Nox2 to the membranes indicating that TLR4 signaling to the NOX activation pathway requires IRAK4. Superoxides 21-25 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 228-232 19414794-4 2009 We observed impaired O(2)( ) generation by LPS-treated and fMLP-activated IRAK4-deficient PMN that correlated with decreased phosphorylation of p47(phox) and subnormal translocation of p47(phox), p67(phox), Rac2, and gp91(phox)/Nox2 to the membranes indicating that TLR4 signaling to the NOX activation pathway requires IRAK4. Superoxides 21-25 interleukin 1 receptor associated kinase 4 Homo sapiens 320-325 19715503-1 2009 In-vitro effects of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) on superoxide production in phagocytic head kidney leucocytes (HKL) and in-vivo effects on plasma lysozyme levels were examined in the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Superoxides 60-70 insulin-like growth factor I Oncorhynchus mykiss 50-55 19299643-5 2009 We addressed this question by blocking the activity of xanthine oxidase (XO), a superoxide-generating enzyme that is upregulated in our model of DRM. Superoxides 80-90 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 55-71 19090790-1 2009 The superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase in phagocytes is crucial for host defence; its catalytic core is the membrane-integrated protein gp91phox [also known as Nox2 (NADPH oxidase 2)], which forms a stable heterodimer with p22phox. Superoxides 4-14 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 136-144 19090790-1 2009 The superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase in phagocytes is crucial for host defence; its catalytic core is the membrane-integrated protein gp91phox [also known as Nox2 (NADPH oxidase 2)], which forms a stable heterodimer with p22phox. Superoxides 4-14 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 160-164 19090790-1 2009 The superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase in phagocytes is crucial for host defence; its catalytic core is the membrane-integrated protein gp91phox [also known as Nox2 (NADPH oxidase 2)], which forms a stable heterodimer with p22phox. Superoxides 4-14 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 166-181 19090790-3 2009 At the membrane, these proteins assemble with the gp91phox-p22phox heterodimer and induce a conformational change of gp91phox, leading to superoxide production. Superoxides 138-148 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 50-58 19090790-3 2009 At the membrane, these proteins assemble with the gp91phox-p22phox heterodimer and induce a conformational change of gp91phox, leading to superoxide production. Superoxides 138-148 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 117-125 19439231-8 2009 Small-interfering RNA-specific gene silencing targeted specifically against Nox2 reduced the cognate protein expression, decreased insulin-induced O(2)(-) production, inhibited the turn on of NFkappaB, p38MAPK, and ERK 1/2, and reduced cell proliferation in macrophages. Superoxides 147-154 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 76-80 19092850-6 2009 In contrast, TPA increased the level of manganese superoxide dismutase, which catalyzes the dismutation of superoxide into H(2)O(2) and O(2) without affecting the levels of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase or glutathione peroxidase 1, which removes H(2)O(2) using glutathione as substrate. Superoxides 50-60 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 209-233 19279211-8 2009 Infiltration of the N-terminal fragment of the GRI protein into leaves caused cell death in a superoxide- and salicylic acid-dependent manner. Superoxides 94-104 Stigma-specific Stig1 family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 47-50 19192492-1 2009 Ab intitio molecular dynamics simulation of the electronic structure of the aqueous superoxide anion (O2(-)) has been carried out using the Car-Parrinello density functional theory at 298 and 310 K. The modeling system consists of one O2(-) solvated in 31 water molecules. Superoxides 84-100 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 102-107 19192492-1 2009 Ab intitio molecular dynamics simulation of the electronic structure of the aqueous superoxide anion (O2(-)) has been carried out using the Car-Parrinello density functional theory at 298 and 310 K. The modeling system consists of one O2(-) solvated in 31 water molecules. Superoxides 84-100 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 235-240 18978194-0 2009 High glucose-induced Nox1-derived superoxides downregulate PKC-betaII, which subsequently decreases ACE2 expression and ANG(1-7) formation in rat VSMCs. Superoxides 34-45 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 21-25 18978194-0 2009 High glucose-induced Nox1-derived superoxides downregulate PKC-betaII, which subsequently decreases ACE2 expression and ANG(1-7) formation in rat VSMCs. Superoxides 34-45 angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 Rattus norvegicus 100-104 18978194-0 2009 High glucose-induced Nox1-derived superoxides downregulate PKC-betaII, which subsequently decreases ACE2 expression and ANG(1-7) formation in rat VSMCs. Superoxides 34-45 angiogenin Rattus norvegicus 120-127 18978194-11 2009 Nox1-derived superoxides reduce PKC-betaII expression, which lowers ACE2 mRNA and protein levels and consequently decreases ANG(1-7) formation. Superoxides 13-24 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 18978194-11 2009 Nox1-derived superoxides reduce PKC-betaII expression, which lowers ACE2 mRNA and protein levels and consequently decreases ANG(1-7) formation. Superoxides 13-24 angiotensin I converting enzyme 2 Rattus norvegicus 68-72 18978194-11 2009 Nox1-derived superoxides reduce PKC-betaII expression, which lowers ACE2 mRNA and protein levels and consequently decreases ANG(1-7) formation. Superoxides 13-24 angiogenin Rattus norvegicus 124-131 18852069-8 2009 These results suggest that geldanamycin may enhance eNOS phosphorylation at Thr-495 by inhibiting Hsp90, Hsp90 uncoupling eNOS protein results in increased eNOS-dependent O2(-) production. Superoxides 171-173 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 52-56 18852069-8 2009 These results suggest that geldanamycin may enhance eNOS phosphorylation at Thr-495 by inhibiting Hsp90, Hsp90 uncoupling eNOS protein results in increased eNOS-dependent O2(-) production. Superoxides 171-173 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 122-126 18852069-8 2009 These results suggest that geldanamycin may enhance eNOS phosphorylation at Thr-495 by inhibiting Hsp90, Hsp90 uncoupling eNOS protein results in increased eNOS-dependent O2(-) production. Superoxides 171-173 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 122-126 19714290-7 2009 RESULTS: IL-10 significantly inhibited IFN-gamma- or TNF-alpha-induced up-regulation of superoxide-producing activity in T84 cells by suppressing expression of Nox1 mRNA and protein. Superoxides 88-98 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 9-14 19064699-0 2008 MyD88-dependent, superoxide-initiated inflammation is necessary for flow-mediated inward remodeling of conduit arteries. Superoxides 17-27 myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 Mus musculus 0-5 18998656-4 2008 The effects of the para substitution on the charge density of the nitronyl-carbon and on the free energies of nitrone reactivity with O(2)(*-) and HO(2)(*) were computationally rationalized at the PCM/B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. Superoxides 134-138 protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 Homo sapiens 203-206 18849334-9 2008 Inhibition of xanthine oxidase (allopurinol) or NAD(P)H oxidase (apocynin) improved endothelium-dependent dilation and reduced superoxide production in isolated coronary arterioles following I/R. Superoxides 127-137 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 14-30 19038554-8 2008 Activation of eosinophils, assessed as superoxide anion generation, was reduced when eosinophils were treated with supernatants of A549 cells pretreated with CCR3-targeted siRNAs or AS-ODNs. Superoxides 39-55 C-C motif chemokine receptor 3 Homo sapiens 158-162 19034034-3 2008 There are several intracellular sources of superoxide anions other than NOSs, including NAD(P)H oxidase, xanthine oxidase, lipoxygenase, and mitochondrial electron transport chain. Superoxides 43-60 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 105-121 18786175-8 2008 Inhibition of NADPH oxidase with apocynin reduced the MMP-9 increase, indicating a causal link between NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide and MMP-9 induction. Superoxides 125-135 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Rattus norvegicus 54-59 18786175-8 2008 Inhibition of NADPH oxidase with apocynin reduced the MMP-9 increase, indicating a causal link between NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide and MMP-9 induction. Superoxides 125-135 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Rattus norvegicus 140-145 18660830-3 2008 The role of Rac(1) in superoxide generation was assessed by overexpressing either the dominant-negative or constitutively active Rac isoforms. Superoxides 22-32 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 12-18 18660830-3 2008 The role of Rac(1) in superoxide generation was assessed by overexpressing either the dominant-negative or constitutively active Rac isoforms. Superoxides 22-32 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 12-15 18660830-7 2008 Overexpression of dominant-negative Rac(1) or addition of iloprost, DETA-NONOate or Y27632 completely blocked both superoxide release and PDE5 protein expression and activity. Superoxides 115-125 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 36-42 18718527-0 2008 Bz-423 superoxide signals apoptosis via selective activation of JNK, Bak, and Bax. Superoxides 7-17 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 64-67 18718527-0 2008 Bz-423 superoxide signals apoptosis via selective activation of JNK, Bak, and Bax. Superoxides 7-17 BCL2-associated X protein Mus musculus 78-81 18718527-4 2008 Bz-423-induced superoxide activates cytosolic ASK1 and its release from thioredoxin. Superoxides 15-25 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 72-83 19037590-9 2008 High sodium intake induced superoxide formation in LDLR(-/-) mice on high-fat diet. Superoxides 27-37 low density lipoprotein receptor Mus musculus 51-55 18762777-8 2008 Inhibition of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis by kallistatin was associated with increased cardiac nitric oxide (NO) levels and decreased superoxide formation, NADH oxidase activity and p22-phox expression. Superoxides 139-149 serpin family A member 4 Homo sapiens 50-61 18658277-3 2008 While RhoA inhibition attenuates actin stress fiber formation and promotes EC barrier function, Rac1 inhibition at the cell membrane potentially prevents activation of NADPH oxidase and subsequent generation of superoxides known to induce barrier disruption. Superoxides 211-222 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 96-100 18782833-7 2008 Depletion of mtRRF in human cell lines is lethal, initially causing profound mitochondrial dysmorphism, aggregation of mitoribosomes, elevated mitochondrial superoxide production and eventual loss of OXPHOS complexes. Superoxides 157-167 mitochondrial ribosome recycling factor Homo sapiens 13-18 18638447-0 2008 The AP-1 site is essential for the promoter activity of NOX1/NADPH oxidase, a vascular superoxide-producing enzyme: Possible involvement of the ERK1/2-JunB pathway. Superoxides 87-97 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 56-60 18788099-0 2008 Increased superoxide contributes to enhancement of vascular contraction in Ins2(Akita) diabetic mice, an autosomal dominant mutant model. Superoxides 10-20 insulin II Mus musculus 75-79 18788099-4 2008 Compared with age-matched normal C57BL/6 mice, in Ins2(Akita) diabetic mice arterial superoxide, lipid peroxidation production (1.2 +/- 0.1 vs 17.4 +/- 1.9 mmol/mg tissue, respectively; P < 0.01) and plasma lipid peroxidation production (0.08 +/- 0.02 vs 0.40 +/- 0.03 mmol/L, respectively; P < 0.01) were increased. Superoxides 85-95 insulin II Mus musculus 50-54 18788099-7 2008 Tempol (a scavenger of superoxide), apocynin (an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase) and allopurinol (an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase) all not only decreased superoxide in carotid arteries, but also suppressed arterial contractions to U46619 in Ins2(Akita) diabetic mice. Superoxides 151-161 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 110-126 18788099-9 2008 These results suggest that increased arterial superoxide generated from diverse sources may potentiate the contractions of carotid arteries in Ins2(Akita) diabetic mice. Superoxides 46-56 insulin II Mus musculus 143-147 18729006-7 2008 While it is understood that G6PD-derived NADPH, which is a cofactor for NADPH oxidase, enhances superoxide anion generation and elevates oxidative stress in diabetes, heart failure, and angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy of smooth muscle, there are no specific drugs available to study the role of G6PD and G6PD-derived NADPH in organ function and the development of human diseases. Superoxides 96-112 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 28-32 18729006-7 2008 While it is understood that G6PD-derived NADPH, which is a cofactor for NADPH oxidase, enhances superoxide anion generation and elevates oxidative stress in diabetes, heart failure, and angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy of smooth muscle, there are no specific drugs available to study the role of G6PD and G6PD-derived NADPH in organ function and the development of human diseases. Superoxides 96-112 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 41-46 18729006-7 2008 While it is understood that G6PD-derived NADPH, which is a cofactor for NADPH oxidase, enhances superoxide anion generation and elevates oxidative stress in diabetes, heart failure, and angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy of smooth muscle, there are no specific drugs available to study the role of G6PD and G6PD-derived NADPH in organ function and the development of human diseases. Superoxides 96-112 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 72-77 18678787-6 2008 Therefore, it can be concluded that the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt pathway, in combination with the translocation of p47phox, p22phox, and Rac-1, contributes to the superoxide production induced by high glucose, resulting in the impairment of ATP-sensitive K(+) channel function in the human visceral artery. Superoxides 190-200 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 142-149 18678787-6 2008 Therefore, it can be concluded that the activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt pathway, in combination with the translocation of p47phox, p22phox, and Rac-1, contributes to the superoxide production induced by high glucose, resulting in the impairment of ATP-sensitive K(+) channel function in the human visceral artery. Superoxides 190-200 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 164-169 18729091-2 2008 Prior studies with purified human cytochrome b(5) and NADPH:P450 reductase in reconstituted proteoliposomes (PLs) demonstrated rapid reduction of Cr(VI) (hexavalent chromium, as CrO(4)(2-), and the generation of Cr(V), superoxide (O(2)(*-)), and hydroxyl radical (HO(*)). Superoxides 219-229 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 54-74 18759927-4 2008 Bam32 and superoxide may fine tune BCR-induced activation by competing for the same limited resources, namely Rac1 and the plasma membrane phospholipid PI(3,4)P(2). Superoxides 10-20 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 110-114 18477769-8 2008 Finally, xanthine oxidase, a potent superoxide generator, is decreased in subpopulations of liver hepatocytes and increased on liver endothelium in sph/sph mice. Superoxides 36-46 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 9-25 27160222-4 2016 Intraplantar injection of superoxide anion activated NF-kappaB and increased cytokine production (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and IL-10) and oxidative stress (nitrite and lipid peroxidation levels) at the primary inflammatory foci and in the spinal cord (L4-L6). Superoxides 26-42 interleukin 1 beta Mus musculus 98-106 27160222-4 2016 Intraplantar injection of superoxide anion activated NF-kappaB and increased cytokine production (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and IL-10) and oxidative stress (nitrite and lipid peroxidation levels) at the primary inflammatory foci and in the spinal cord (L4-L6). Superoxides 26-42 tumor necrosis factor Mus musculus 108-117 27160222-4 2016 Intraplantar injection of superoxide anion activated NF-kappaB and increased cytokine production (IL-1beta, TNF-alpha and IL-10) and oxidative stress (nitrite and lipid peroxidation levels) at the primary inflammatory foci and in the spinal cord (L4-L6). Superoxides 26-42 interleukin 10 Mus musculus 122-127 18471434-1 2008 Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (UCP(3))-mediated uncoupling has been postulated to depend on several factors, including superoxides, free fatty acids (FFAs), and fatty acid hydroperoxides and/or their derivatives. Superoxides 124-135 uncoupling protein 3 Homo sapiens 0-34 18471434-1 2008 Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 3 (UCP(3))-mediated uncoupling has been postulated to depend on several factors, including superoxides, free fatty acids (FFAs), and fatty acid hydroperoxides and/or their derivatives. Superoxides 124-135 uncoupling protein 3 Homo sapiens 36-42 18485557-5 2008 Consistently, CAPE reduced hydroxyl radical-induced 2-deoxy-d-ribose degradation by ferric ion-nitrilotriacetic acid and H2O2, and also removed the superoxide anion generated by a xanthine/xanthine oxidase system. Superoxides 148-164 structural maintenance of chromosomes 2 Homo sapiens 14-18 18390927-2 2008 p47phox, a NADPH oxidase cytosolic subunit, is a key protein in the assembly of the NADPH oxidase leading to superoxide generation. Superoxides 109-119 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-7 18408127-4 2008 The impaired EDV and increased superoxide generation induced by HC were significantly blunted in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice and CD4+ T lymphocyte-deficient mice. Superoxides 31-41 CD4 antigen Mus musculus 145-148 18408127-8 2008 These findings implicate the immune system in the early endothelial cell dysfunction associated with hypercholesterolemia and are consistent with a mechanism of impaired EDV that is mediated by CD4+ T cells and IFN-gamma, acting through the generation of superoxide from vascular NAD(P)H oxidase. Superoxides 255-265 CD4 antigen Mus musculus 194-197 18334666-5 2008 The increase in HO-1 was associated with a decrease in superoxide levels (p < 0.05) and an increase in plasma adiponectin (p < 0.005), compared with untreated ZF rats. Superoxides 55-65 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 16-20 18453614-0 2008 Heme oxygenase-1 protects against neutrophil-mediated intestinal damage by down-regulation of neutrophil p47phox and p67phox activity and O2- production in a two-hit model of alcohol intoxication and burn injury. Superoxides 138-140 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 18347018-3 2008 A direct regulatory interaction of Rac with Nox2 has been proposed as part of a two-step mechanism for regulating electron transfer during superoxide formation. Superoxides 139-149 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 44-48 18061195-5 2008 Dihydroethidine staining revealed that the reduction of vascular superoxide was at least in part due to eNOS recoupling. Superoxides 65-75 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 104-108 18302939-7 2008 Moreover, galectin-3 but not galectin-1 induced the release of superoxide, which was blocked by lactose, anti-RAGE, and dithiothreitol. Superoxides 63-73 advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor Homo sapiens 110-114 18424721-4 2008 Our results show that superoxide levels were significantly increased in a time-dependent manner in blood monocyte-derived macrophages treated with 1 muM As(2)O(3) for 72 h. Concomitantly, As(2)O(3) induced phosphorylation and membrane translocation of the NADPH oxidase subunit p47(phox) and it also increased translocation of Rac1 and p67(phox). Superoxides 22-32 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 327-331 18424721-4 2008 Our results show that superoxide levels were significantly increased in a time-dependent manner in blood monocyte-derived macrophages treated with 1 muM As(2)O(3) for 72 h. Concomitantly, As(2)O(3) induced phosphorylation and membrane translocation of the NADPH oxidase subunit p47(phox) and it also increased translocation of Rac1 and p67(phox). Superoxides 22-32 syntaxin binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 336-339 18285659-0 2008 Hyperoxia exposure induced hormesis decreases mitochondrial superoxide radical levels via Ins/IGF-1 signaling pathway in a long-lived age-1 mutant of Caenorhabditis elegans. Superoxides 60-78 Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase age-1 Caenorhabditis elegans 134-139 18386218-10 2008 CONCLUSIONS: Aging impairs eNOS-dependent reactivity of cerebral arterioles via an increase in superoxide produced by activation of NAD(P)H oxidase. Superoxides 95-105 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 27-31 18227104-4 2008 Moreover, TK reduced inflammatory cell accumulation in conjunction with diminished superoxide production and decreased expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1. Superoxides 83-93 kallikrein 1-related peptidase C12 Rattus norvegicus 10-12 18211809-3 2008 Genetic ablation of Bax/Bak inhibited actinomycin D induced superoxide production and cardiolipin peroxidation. Superoxides 60-70 BCL2-associated X protein Mus musculus 20-23 18298074-1 2008 The effects of five ginsenosides (G-Rh2, -Rd, -Rb1, -Rb2, -Rh1) isolated from the root of Panax gingseng on stimulus-induced superoxide generation in human neutrophils were evaluated by measuring the reduction of ferricytochrome c. The tyrosyl or serine/threonine phosphorylation of neutrophil proteins and translocation of p47phox, p67phox, and Rac to the plasma membrane were detected using specific monoclonal antibodies. Superoxides 125-135 RB transcriptional corepressor like 2 Homo sapiens 53-56 18298074-4 2008 G-Rd, -Rb1, and -Rb2 also suppressed AA-induced superoxide generation in high concentrations. Superoxides 48-58 RB transcriptional corepressor like 2 Homo sapiens 17-20 18298074-6 2008 FMLP-, PMA-, and AA-induced tyrosyl or serine/threonine phosphorylation and translocation of p47phox, p67phox, and Rac to the plasma membrane were in parallel with the suppression of the stimulus-induced superoxide generation. Superoxides 204-214 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 93-100 18160398-8 2008 Collectively, our findings define a VAV1-Rac1-PAK1 signaling axis in mononuclear phagocytes regulating superoxide production in a stimulus-dependent manner. Superoxides 103-113 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 41-45 18171997-8 2008 Dihydroethidium fluorescence showed that superoxide levels were increased to the same degree in LLC-EGFP and LLC-Cyp4a12 cells after ATP depletion-recovery compared with control cells and that this increase was inhibited by MnTMPyP. Superoxides 41-51 cytochrome P450, family 4, subfamily a, polypeptide 12a Mus musculus 113-120 18199585-11 2008 The DHFR inhibitor methotrexate impaired myocyte function, NO/O2(-) balance, and rescued Y27632-induced cardiac protection. Superoxides 62-67 dihydrofolate reductase Mus musculus 4-8 18079208-4 2008 The aldosterone levels showed a time-dependent (6-24 h) and dose-dependent (10(-8) to 10(-6) m) increase in superoxide generation, whose effect was abolished by mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist (eplerenone), Src inhibitor (PP2), and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate [NAD(P)H] oxidase inhibitor (apocynin). Superoxides 108-118 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Rattus norvegicus 213-216 18250367-2 2008 Studies suggest that c-src activates the reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase/superoxide system, and reactive oxygen species stimulate the RhoA/Rho kinase pathway. Superoxides 109-119 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Rattus norvegicus 21-26 18250367-8 2008 The interaction between angiotensin II and UK14,304 on superoxide generation and RhoA activation was blocked by inhibitors of phospholipase C (U73312), protein kinase C (GF109203X), c-src (PP1), NADPH oxidase (diphenyleneiodonium), or superoxide (Tempol). Superoxides 55-65 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Rattus norvegicus 182-187 18068132-6 2008 Rac2-deficient mice had threefold lower production of superoxide compared to controls with similar wounds. Superoxides 54-64 Rac family small GTPase 2 Mus musculus 0-4 18055522-7 2008 Allopurinol (xanthine oxidase inhibitor) or stigmatellin [Q(o)-site (oriented toward the intermembrane space) inhibitor of mitochondrial complex III] or simultaneous administration of these two inhibitors significantly reduced superoxide production during ischemia to 80%, 88%, and 72%, respectively, of that measured in the untreated ischemia-reperfusion group. Superoxides 227-237 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 13-29 23410942-10 2013 In human endothelial cells, JunD knockdown exerted a similar impairment of the O2(-)/nitric oxide balance that was prevented by concomitant NADPH inhibition. Superoxides 79-84 JunD proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 28-32 23220213-8 2013 Also, less mitochondrial superoxide was detected in the cells with silenced CyP40 compared to control cells after UVA exposure. Superoxides 25-35 peptidylprolyl isomerase D Homo sapiens 76-81 23280587-9 2013 Superoxide production by purified MSU crystal-recruited neutrophils ex vivo was enhanced by anti-TGFbeta1 antibody treatment. Superoxides 0-10 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 97-105 23280587-10 2013 Neutrophils purified from the peritoneum of MSU crystal-challenged mice treated with anti-TGFbeta1 antibody produced elevated levels of superoxide, but neutrophil IL-1beta production was unaffected. Superoxides 136-146 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 90-98 17988652-3 2008 PP-6 specifically inhibited fMLP-induced superoxide anion production in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC(50) value of 0.3+/-0.1 microM. Superoxides 41-57 transmembrane protein 115 Homo sapiens 0-4 23124112-1 2013 Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) can moderate oxidative stress by favoring the influx of protons into the mitochondrial matrix, thus reducing electron leakage from respiratory chain and mitochondrial superoxide production. Superoxides 209-219 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-34 17988652-11 2008 Additionally, the inhibiting effect of PP-6 on fMLP-induced superoxide anion was reversed when PP-6 was washed out. Superoxides 60-76 transmembrane protein 115 Homo sapiens 39-43 23124112-1 2013 Mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) can moderate oxidative stress by favoring the influx of protons into the mitochondrial matrix, thus reducing electron leakage from respiratory chain and mitochondrial superoxide production. Superoxides 209-219 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 36-40 17988652-11 2008 Additionally, the inhibiting effect of PP-6 on fMLP-induced superoxide anion was reversed when PP-6 was washed out. Superoxides 60-76 transmembrane protein 115 Homo sapiens 95-99 18184111-4 2008 Of the several sources of ROS within the cardiovascular system, a family of multisubunit NADPH oxidases appears to be a predominant contributor of superoxide anion. Superoxides 147-163 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 89-94 23271813-1 2013 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is an antioxidant enzyme responsible for the elimination of superoxide radical. Superoxides 99-117 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-30 23271813-1 2013 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is an antioxidant enzyme responsible for the elimination of superoxide radical. Superoxides 99-117 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 23429290-3 2013 In the present study, we observed that upon detachment from matrix, human mammary epithelial cells strongly upregulate manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD, or SOD2), a principal mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme that detoxifies ROS through dismutation of superoxide. Superoxides 129-139 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 151-156 23429290-5 2013 Detachment of mammary epithelial cells potently increases mitochondrial superoxide levels, which are further elevated by depletion of MnSOD in suspended cells. Superoxides 72-82 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 134-139 23429290-7 2013 These results suggest that detachment-induced MnSOD counters mitochondrial superoxide accumulation and confers anoikis resistance. Superoxides 75-85 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 46-51 23261430-3 2013 TGFbeta(1) stimulated collagen synthesis and hydrogen peroxide generation in mouse cardiac fibroblasts, and both responses were attenuated by a scavenger of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide (EUK-134). Superoxides 157-167 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 0-10 22982047-1 2013 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is an integral mitochondrial protein known as a first-line antioxidant defense against superoxide radical anions produced as by-products of the electron transport chain. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 23800993-5 2013 Superoxide anions and intracellular pH were elevated with Ang II treatment. Superoxides 0-17 angiogenin, ribonuclease, RNase A family, 5 Mus musculus 58-61 23766558-2 2013 We could previously show that the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 acts as a negative regulator in endothelial superoxide production. Superoxides 105-115 protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 6 Mus musculus 55-60 23202294-6 2013 This activation promoted formation of peroxynitrite, a reaction product of nitric oxide with superoxide, which was derived from NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4). Superoxides 93-103 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 128-143 23202294-6 2013 This activation promoted formation of peroxynitrite, a reaction product of nitric oxide with superoxide, which was derived from NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4). Superoxides 93-103 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 145-149 17959934-9 2008 Diabetes-induced translocation of PKC, specifically PKC-alpha to renal membranes, was associated with increased NADPH-dependent superoxide production and elevated renal, serum, and urinary vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentrations. Superoxides 128-138 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 34-37 17959934-9 2008 Diabetes-induced translocation of PKC, specifically PKC-alpha to renal membranes, was associated with increased NADPH-dependent superoxide production and elevated renal, serum, and urinary vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) concentrations. Superoxides 128-138 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 52-61 17959934-10 2008 In both diabetic rodents and in AGE-treated mesangial cells, blockade of NADPH oxidase or PKC-alpha attenuated cytosolic superoxide and PKC activation and increased VEGF. Superoxides 121-131 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 90-99 17959934-10 2008 In both diabetic rodents and in AGE-treated mesangial cells, blockade of NADPH oxidase or PKC-alpha attenuated cytosolic superoxide and PKC activation and increased VEGF. Superoxides 121-131 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 90-93 18290312-9 2008 The elevated UCP-2 levels may represent an effort to reduce the increased production of superoxide radicals which is evident during diabetes. Superoxides 88-98 uncoupling protein 2 Rattus norvegicus 13-18 18511861-2 2008 This robust oxygen consumption is related to a superoxide-generating enzyme, the phagocytic NADPH oxidase (Nox2-based or phox). Superoxides 47-57 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 107-111 18086532-5 2008 In addition, the exposure to IL-15 induced an increase in neutrophil oxidative burst as evaluated by superoxide anion and H(2)O(2) release. Superoxides 101-117 interleukin 15 Homo sapiens 29-34 18073424-1 2007 SOD-1 and SOD-2 detoxify superoxide in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. Superoxides 25-35 Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Caenorhabditis elegans 0-5 18073424-1 2007 SOD-1 and SOD-2 detoxify superoxide in the cytoplasm and mitochondria. Superoxides 25-35 Superoxide dismutase [Mn] 1, mitochondrial Caenorhabditis elegans 10-15 18084618-7 2007 Interestingly, both L-NAME and NAC did not inhibit nitric oxide (NO) production in these cells, but abrogated superoxide anion production during anchorage blockade. Superoxides 110-126 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 31-34 17928111-4 2007 Treatment of macrophages with the emulsion adjuvants, followed by co-incubation with the adjuvant-induced dead EL4 cells, resulted in a substantial uptake of soluble antigens into the APCs and generation of a considerable amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including hydrogen peroxide and superoxide. Superoxides 295-305 epilepsy 4 Mus musculus 111-114 17854274-0 2007 MKK6 phosphorylation regulates production of superoxide by enhancing Rac GTPase activity. Superoxides 45-55 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 69-72 17920449-2 2007 The detoxifying effects of GS and Mn-SOD in the brain, involve catabolizing glutamate and scavenging superoxide anions, respectively. Superoxides 101-118 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 34-40 17666049-4 2007 Upstream inhibition of the ARA-dependent nNOS inhibitory signaling, however, caused the parallel release of superoxide and constitutive NO, thereby leading to formation of ONOO- levels triggering loss of ATP and mitochondrial membrane potential followed by the mitochondrial release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase 3 and morphological evidence of apoptosis. Superoxides 108-118 nitric oxide synthase 1 Rattus norvegicus 41-45 17971220-9 2007 RESULTS: A simple cytokine combination, SCF + Flt3-L + G-CSF, synergised to optimally expand and mature neutrophil progenitors assessed by cell number, phenotype, morphology and function (superoxide respiratory burst measured by chemiluminescence). Superoxides 188-198 KIT ligand Homo sapiens 40-43 17889838-10 2007 However, estrogen did increase the activity, but not the levels, of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), the mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes superoxide radical breakdown, in brain mitochondria from both female and male rats. Superoxides 78-88 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 100-105 17900539-6 2007 Moreover, TCAP-1 significantly decreased the incidence of superoxide radicals and increased superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) expression. Superoxides 58-68 teneurin transmembrane protein 1 Mus musculus 10-16 17704208-7 2007 The increase in H4B caused by shear is essential in allowing proper function of endothelial NO synthase because GPTCH-1 blockade with 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine during shear inhibited dimer formation of endothelial NO synthase, increased endothelial cell superoxide production, and prevented the increase in NO production caused by shear. Superoxides 260-270 H4 clustered histone 4 Homo sapiens 16-19 17711848-6 2007 This DNA-mediated suppression of AIF-M2 activity is expected to lower cellular levels of superoxide and peroxide, thereby lessening survival signaling by Ras, NF-kappaB, or AP-1, as suggested from knock-out studies of the related AIF in human colon cancer cell lines. Superoxides 89-99 apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 1 Homo sapiens 33-36 17822438-0 2007 Myocyte enhancer factor 2B is involved in the inducible expression of NOX1/NADPH oxidase, a vascular superoxide-producing enzyme. Superoxides 101-111 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 70-74 17822438-8 2007 These results indicate that superoxide production in vascular smooth muscle cells is regulated by the ATF-1-MEF2B cascade by induction of the expression of the NOX1 gene. Superoxides 28-38 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 160-164 17679649-9 2007 HO-1 overexpression by plasmid-mediated gene transfer in rat vascular smooth muscle cells decreased NADPH-stimulated superoxide production. Superoxides 117-127 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 17667987-6 2007 Heme oxygenase-1 induction prevented the increase in plasma creatinine and in superoxide in both the cortex and medulla compared to untreated rats with acute kidney injury. Superoxides 78-88 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 17900370-3 2007 Nox2 forms a heterodimer with the integral membrane protein, p22phox, and this heterodimer binds to the regulatory subunits p47phox, p67phox, p40phox and the small GTPase Rac, triggering superoxide generation. Superoxides 187-197 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 124-131 17636259-9 2007 The SDH3 R47K, SDH4 D88E, and SDH4 D88N mutants are sensitive to hyperoxia and paraquat and have elevated rates of superoxide production in vitro and in vivo. Superoxides 115-125 succinate dehydrogenase membrane anchor subunit SDH4 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 15-19 17636259-9 2007 The SDH3 R47K, SDH4 D88E, and SDH4 D88N mutants are sensitive to hyperoxia and paraquat and have elevated rates of superoxide production in vitro and in vivo. Superoxides 115-125 succinate dehydrogenase membrane anchor subunit SDH4 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 30-34 17689207-7 2007 In addition, kahweol and cafestol efficiently removed the superoxide anion generated from the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system. Superoxides 58-74 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 103-119 17397983-3 2007 Its activation depends on the interaction with cytosolic regulatory proteins (p67-phox, p47-phox, p40-phox and Rac) leading to an electron transfer from NADPH to molecular oxygen and to the release of superoxide anions. Superoxides 201-218 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 88-96 17583407-1 2007 The superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase gp91(phox)/Nox2 and the non-phagocytic oxidases Nox1 and Nox3 each form a complex in the membrane with p22(phox), which provides both stabilization and a docking site for organizer proteins. Superoxides 4-14 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 60-64 17631528-7 2007 Overexpression of BAP1 or BAP2 with their partner BON1 inhibits PCD induced by pathogens, the proapoptotic gene BAX, and superoxide-generating paraquat in Arabidopsis or Nicotiana benthamiana. Superoxides 121-131 BON association protein 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 18-22 17675065-1 2007 BACKGROUND: We previously found that higher NADPH levels produced by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) can enhance myocardial superoxide generation by NAD(P)H oxidase in a dog model of dilated cardiomyopathy. Superoxides 133-143 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 44-49 17675065-1 2007 BACKGROUND: We previously found that higher NADPH levels produced by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) can enhance myocardial superoxide generation by NAD(P)H oxidase in a dog model of dilated cardiomyopathy. Superoxides 133-143 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Canis lupus familiaris 69-102 17675065-1 2007 BACKGROUND: We previously found that higher NADPH levels produced by glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) can enhance myocardial superoxide generation by NAD(P)H oxidase in a dog model of dilated cardiomyopathy. Superoxides 133-143 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Canis lupus familiaris 104-108 17675065-2 2007 Therefore, we tested whether G6PD activity is elevated and enhances NADPH level and increases NAD(P)H oxidase-derived superoxide production in the myocardium from patients with heart failure from ischemic cardiomyopathy. Superoxides 118-128 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 29-33 17675065-7 2007 Superoxide production by NAD(P)H oxidase increased 10- and 3-fold by adding NADPH (100 micromol/L) and NADH (100 micromol/L), respectively, in a DPI- and gp91(ds-tat)-inhibitable manner. Superoxides 0-10 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 76-81 17675065-8 2007 Interestingly, chelerythrine, a PKC inhibitor, and PP2, a Src kinase family inhibitor, reduced G6PD activity (0.29 +/- 0.04 nM x min x mg protein) by 50% and 51% and these inhibitors also decreased myocardial superoxide by 99% and 79%, respectively. Superoxides 209-219 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 95-99 17675065-9 2007 Furthermore, 6-aminonicotinamide, a G6PD inhibitor, decreased myocardial superoxide production by 71%. Superoxides 73-83 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 36-40 17675065-10 2007 CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that high NAD(P)H oxidase, fueled by G6PD-derived NADPH, generates most of the superoxide in failing hearts of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Superoxides 111-121 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 69-73 17675065-10 2007 CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that high NAD(P)H oxidase, fueled by G6PD-derived NADPH, generates most of the superoxide in failing hearts of patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Superoxides 111-121 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 82-87 17548354-0 2007 Tripartite chimeras comprising functional domains derived from the cytosolic NADPH oxidase components p47phox, p67phox, and Rac1 elicit activator-independent superoxide production by phagocyte membranes: an essential role for anionic membrane phospholipids. Superoxides 158-168 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 102-109 17548354-0 2007 Tripartite chimeras comprising functional domains derived from the cytosolic NADPH oxidase components p47phox, p67phox, and Rac1 elicit activator-independent superoxide production by phagocyte membranes: an essential role for anionic membrane phospholipids. Superoxides 158-168 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 124-128 17548354-1 2007 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase is converted to an active state by the assembly of a membrane-localized cytochrome b(559) with three cytosolic components: p47(phox), p67(phox), and GTPase Rac1 or Rac2. Superoxides 4-14 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 112-124 17548354-1 2007 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase is converted to an active state by the assembly of a membrane-localized cytochrome b(559) with three cytosolic components: p47(phox), p67(phox), and GTPase Rac1 or Rac2. Superoxides 4-14 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 196-200 17617569-6 2007 Superoxide scavenging protects from AICD in wild-type, but not Hq, T cell blasts, suggesting that Aif plays a crucial superoxide-scavenging role to regulate T cell AICD. Superoxides 0-10 apoptosis-inducing factor, mitochondrion-associated 1 Mus musculus 98-101 17617569-6 2007 Superoxide scavenging protects from AICD in wild-type, but not Hq, T cell blasts, suggesting that Aif plays a crucial superoxide-scavenging role to regulate T cell AICD. Superoxides 118-128 apoptosis-inducing factor, mitochondrion-associated 1 Mus musculus 98-101 17564447-5 2007 The effect of functional group substitution at the C-5 position of pyrroline N-oxides on spin-trap reactivity toward O2*- was computationally rationalized at the PCM/B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p)//B3LYP/6-31G(d) and PCM/mPW1K/6-31+G(d,p) levels of theory. Superoxides 117-119 protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 Homo sapiens 168-171 17332440-6 2007 Peptidoglycan (PGN) (TLR2 ligand), flagellin (TLR5 ligand), and Imiquimod R837 (TLR7 ligand) could significantly upregulate cell surface expression of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and CD18, and induce the release of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, growth-related oncogene (GRO)-alpha, and superoxides of eosinophils. Superoxides 291-302 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 151-191 17603158-8 2007 In addition, AGP significantly suppressed superoxide generation from neutrophils that has been treated with fMLP or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Superoxides 42-52 orosomucoid 1 Rattus norvegicus 13-16 17616699-0 2007 Superoxide signaling mediates N-acetyl-L-cysteine-induced G1 arrest: regulatory role of cyclin D1 and manganese superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 0-10 cyclin D1 Mus musculus 88-97 17379837-6 2007 These effects were associated with HDL inhibition of Ox-PAPC-induced c-Src, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and SREBP activation, alterations in endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation (previously associated with the inflammatory action of Ox-PAPC), and a decrease in superoxide formation. Superoxides 298-308 protocadherin 8 Homo sapiens 56-60 17516243-5 2007 In HMEC-1, silencing of either Nox2 or Nox4 components of NADPH oxidase with small interference RNA (siRNA) resulted in a significant reduction in superoxide detected by both DHE fluorescence (Nox2 siRNA; 71 +/- 6% and Nox4 siRNA 83 +/- 7% of control) and lucigenin chemiluminescence (Nox2; 54 +/- 6% and Nox4 74 +/- 4% of control). Superoxides 147-157 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 31-35 17516243-5 2007 In HMEC-1, silencing of either Nox2 or Nox4 components of NADPH oxidase with small interference RNA (siRNA) resulted in a significant reduction in superoxide detected by both DHE fluorescence (Nox2 siRNA; 71 +/- 6% and Nox4 siRNA 83 +/- 7% of control) and lucigenin chemiluminescence (Nox2; 54 +/- 6% and Nox4 74 +/- 4% of control). Superoxides 147-157 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 193-197 17516243-5 2007 In HMEC-1, silencing of either Nox2 or Nox4 components of NADPH oxidase with small interference RNA (siRNA) resulted in a significant reduction in superoxide detected by both DHE fluorescence (Nox2 siRNA; 71 +/- 6% and Nox4 siRNA 83 +/- 7% of control) and lucigenin chemiluminescence (Nox2; 54 +/- 6% and Nox4 74 +/- 4% of control). Superoxides 147-157 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 193-197 17470722-2 2007 Angiotensin II ([Ang II] 1 micromol/L)-stimulated NO and superoxide (O(2)(*-)) production were imaged by fluorescence microscopy in thin tissue strips from the inner stripe of the outer medulla. Superoxides 57-67 angiogenin Rattus norvegicus 0-3 17470722-4 2007 Ang II stimulation resulted in production of NO in epithelial cells of the mTAL that diffused to vasa recta pericytes of SS-13(BN) rats but not in SS/Mcwi rats except when tissues were preincubated with the superoxide scavenger TIRON (1 mmol/L). Superoxides 207-217 angiogenin Rattus norvegicus 0-3 17482528-3 2007 Comparative studies on different mammalian species have indicated that the rate of mitochondrial superoxide anion radical generation is directly correlated with mitochondrial CoQ9 content and inversely related to amounts of CoQ10, particularly the CoQ10 bound to mitochondrial membrane proteins. Superoxides 97-121 coenzyme Q9 Homo sapiens 175-179 17663190-8 2007 GP7, GP7OH and VP16 (160-320 [micromol x L(-1)) significantly inhibited O2-* formation following the potency rank VP16 > GP7 > GP7OH. Superoxides 72-74 host cell factor C1 Homo sapiens 15-19 17663190-8 2007 GP7, GP7OH and VP16 (160-320 [micromol x L(-1)) significantly inhibited O2-* formation following the potency rank VP16 > GP7 > GP7OH. Superoxides 72-74 host cell factor C1 Homo sapiens 114-118 17200123-5 2007 Reintroduction of VHL into the VHL-deficient cells down-regulates the expression of p22phox and NADPH-dependent superoxide generation. Superoxides 112-122 von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor Mus musculus 18-21 17200123-6 2007 Inhibition of the 26 S proteasome in VHL-expressing cells increased p22phox protein levels, which correlated with an increase of NADPH-dependent superoxide generation. Superoxides 145-155 von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor Mus musculus 37-40 17200123-6 2007 Inhibition of the 26 S proteasome in VHL-expressing cells increased p22phox protein levels, which correlated with an increase of NADPH-dependent superoxide generation. Superoxides 145-155 cytochrome b-245, alpha polypeptide Mus musculus 68-75 17278978-0 2007 Xanthine oxidase-derived extracellular superoxide anions stimulate activator protein 1 activity and hypertrophy in human vascular smooth muscle via c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases. Superoxides 39-56 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 67-86 17278978-0 2007 Xanthine oxidase-derived extracellular superoxide anions stimulate activator protein 1 activity and hypertrophy in human vascular smooth muscle via c-Jun N-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases. Superoxides 39-56 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 148-153 17278978-8 2007 Finally, the effects of X/XO on MAPK activation, AP-1 activity and cell size were dependent on the extracellular release of superoxide anions through the enzymatic activity of XO, as they were prevented by both superoxide dismutase and allopurinol. Superoxides 124-141 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 49-53 17275921-3 2007 Superoxide burst in PMN isolated from rats d7 after CCI was elevated by 170% +/-18 compared to naive and MCP-1 mRNA expression in DRG increased by 8.9+/-2.9 fold, but that of MIP-2, CINC-1, and RANTES did not change. Superoxides 0-10 C-C motif chemokine ligand 5 Rattus norvegicus 194-200 17272778-12 2007 Superoxide overproduction may be a causal link among hyperglycemia, MMP-9 activation, and BBB dysfunction. Superoxides 0-10 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Rattus norvegicus 68-73 17349848-1 2007 BACKGROUND: Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), the primary antioxidant enzyme that scavenges superoxide radicals found in the mitochondria, has been shown to protect oxygen-utilizing cells from the toxicity of the reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxides 22-32 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 44-49 17174341-5 2007 O(2)(-) and Fe(2+) are also cofactors of the enzymes, indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) and 3-hydroxyanthranilate-3,4-dioxygenase (3-HAO) respectively. Superoxides 0-7 3-hydroxyanthranilate 3,4-dioxygenase Rattus norvegicus 92-129 17389926-6 2007 Further studies revealed that while the number of superoxide anion (O2*-) positive cells was increased following a 7 mJ/cm(2) of UVB irradiation and 5 h of recovery, overexpression of hSelH significantly reduced superoxide production. Superoxides 50-66 selenoprotein H Homo sapiens 184-189 17389926-6 2007 Further studies revealed that while the number of superoxide anion (O2*-) positive cells was increased following a 7 mJ/cm(2) of UVB irradiation and 5 h of recovery, overexpression of hSelH significantly reduced superoxide production. Superoxides 50-60 selenoprotein H Homo sapiens 184-189 17389926-7 2007 These results suggest that hSelH overexpression protects cells from UVB irradiation-induced cell death by reducing the O2*- formation. Superoxides 119-122 selenoprotein H Homo sapiens 27-32 17212352-6 2007 This consideration is supported by the virtual elimination of the initial lag phase when either pre-incubated tryptophan solution was used as the substrate or a low concentration of superoxide or hydrogen peroxide was incorporated into the freshly tryptophan and TDO mixture. Superoxides 182-192 tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase Homo sapiens 263-266 17212352-7 2007 However, accumulation of these reactive oxygen species also leads to the inactivation of TDO, so that both TDO activation and inactivation proceed with the specific outcome depending greatly on the concentrations of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 216-226 tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase Homo sapiens 89-92 17123468-6 2007 Superoxide generation in cells was strongly potentiated by blocking the quinone site of Complex II with thenoyltrifluoroacetone, supporting the involvement of cytochrome b560 to drive electrons for increasing superoxide. Superoxides 0-10 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 159-171 17123468-6 2007 Superoxide generation in cells was strongly potentiated by blocking the quinone site of Complex II with thenoyltrifluoroacetone, supporting the involvement of cytochrome b560 to drive electrons for increasing superoxide. Superoxides 209-219 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 159-171 17095613-0 2007 Activation of RAGE induces elevated O2- generation by mononuclear phagocytes in diabetes. Superoxides 36-38 advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor Homo sapiens 14-18 17095613-7 2007 RAGE ligands and high glucose concentration increased O(2)(-) generation from human mononuclear phagocytes. Superoxides 54-58 advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor Homo sapiens 0-4 17095613-8 2007 RAGE ligands, specifically and potently, increased O(2)(-) generation from mononuclear phagocytes, and high-glucose effects were associated with correspondingly increased osmotic pressure. Superoxides 51-55 advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor Homo sapiens 0-4 17242177-8 2007 Specifically, HGF exerted its protective effect by counteracting: (i) the overproduction of either hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion, (ii) the reduction of intracellular gamma-glutamylcysteinylglycine level, and (iii) the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane, induced by prolonged FFAs exposure. Superoxides 121-137 hepatocyte growth factor Rattus norvegicus 14-17 16920193-1 2007 Activation of the superoxide forming respiratory burst oxidase of human neutrophils, crucial in host defence, requires the cytosolic proteins p47phox and p67phox which translocate to the plasma membrane upon cell stimulation and activate flavocytochrome b558, the redox centre of this enzyme system. Superoxides 18-28 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 142-149 17575910-1 2007 Superoxide dismutases, both cytosolic Cu, Zn-SOD encoded by SOD1 and mitochondrial Mn-SOD encoded by SOD2, serve Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells for defense against the superoxide radical but the phenotypes of sod1A and sod2delta mutant strains are different. Superoxides 168-186 superoxide dismutase SOD2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 101-105 17101842-0 2007 Mycophenolate acid inhibits endothelial NAD(P)H oxidase activity and superoxide formation by a Rac1-dependent mechanism. Superoxides 69-79 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 95-99 18453126-5 2007 In order to address questions concerning the mechanism of superoxide generation by the NADPH oxidase complex, methods are additionally presented for analysis of conformational dynamics of immunoaffinity-purified Cyt b by resonance energy transfer. Superoxides 58-68 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 212-217 17114277-3 2007 Superoxide production was localized near nectary pores and inhibited by diphenylene iodonium but not by cyanide or azide, suggesting that NAD(P)H oxidase is the source of superoxide. Superoxides 0-10 respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein C-like Nicotiana tabacum 138-153 17114277-3 2007 Superoxide production was localized near nectary pores and inhibited by diphenylene iodonium but not by cyanide or azide, suggesting that NAD(P)H oxidase is the source of superoxide. Superoxides 171-181 respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein C-like Nicotiana tabacum 138-153 17114277-5 2007 These results confirm that the production of superoxide was due to an NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 45-55 respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein C-like Nicotiana tabacum 70-83 17114277-7 2007 Temporal expression patterns demonstrated that the superoxide production (NADPH oxidase activity) was coordinated with nectar secretion, the expression of Nectarin I (a superoxide dismutase in nectar), and the expression of NOX1, a putative gene for a nectary NADPH oxidase that was cloned from nectaries and identified as an rbohD-like NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 51-61 respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein C-like Nicotiana tabacum 74-87 17114277-7 2007 Temporal expression patterns demonstrated that the superoxide production (NADPH oxidase activity) was coordinated with nectar secretion, the expression of Nectarin I (a superoxide dismutase in nectar), and the expression of NOX1, a putative gene for a nectary NADPH oxidase that was cloned from nectaries and identified as an rbohD-like NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 51-61 respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein C-like Nicotiana tabacum 260-273 17015440-1 2006 The catalytic core of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase is a heterodimeric integral membrane protein (flavocytochrome b (Cyt b)) that generates superoxide and initiates a cascade of reactive oxygen species critical for the host inflammatory response. Superoxides 138-148 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 115-120 17015440-7 2006 This study reports extensive sequence coverage of the integral membrane protein Cyt b by mass spectrometry and provides analytical methods that will be useful for evaluating posttranslational modifications involved in the regulation of superoxide production. Superoxides 236-246 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 80-85 16959961-4 2006 Up-regulation of HO-1 expressed in the early development of diabetes produced a decrease in oxidative/nitrosative stress as manifested by decreased levels of 3-nitrotyrosine, superoxide, and cellular heme content. Superoxides 175-185 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 17-21 16959961-7 2006 In conclusion, 3-nitrotyrosine, cellular heme, and superoxide, promoters of vascular damage, are reduced by HO-1 induction, thereby preserving vascular integrity and protecting cardiac function involving an increase in antiapoptotic proteins. Superoxides 51-61 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 108-112 17159805-9 2006 CONCLUSION: The conceivable cumulative non-specific membrane effect of carvedilol and its effect on PLD signalling pathway contribute to the decrease of both superoxide generation and MPO release, thus supporting the restoration of NO-superoxide balance. Superoxides 235-245 myeloperoxidase Mus musculus 184-187 16876877-3 2006 Simple superoxide anion production was determined by spectrophotometrical measurement of cytochrome c. Superoxides 7-23 cytochrome c Sus scrofa 89-101 16904307-3 2006 Another ArfGAP, Git2, was found to be a component of the Gbetagamma-mediated directional sensing machinery, while simultaneously playing an essential role in the suppressive control of superoxide production, which is mediated by vesicle transport in GPCR-stimulated neutrophils. Superoxides 185-195 GIT ArfGAP 2 Homo sapiens 16-20 17050190-6 2006 Activation of gp91phox involves the integrated function of cytoplasmic proteins such as p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and the small guanosine triphosphatase Rac; these proteins translocate to the phagosomal membrane to interact with cytochrome b558, leading to superoxide production. Superoxides 258-268 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 14-22 16626305-14 2006 Taken together, these results indicate that Hcy-stimulated superoxide anion production in monocytes is regulated through PKC-dependent phosphorylation of p47phox and p67phox subunits of NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 59-75 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 154-161 16762923-5 2006 Superoxide production in Nox1-expressing HeLa and Caco-2 cells is decreased by depletion or sequestration of Rac; on the other hand, it is enhanced by expression of the constitutively active Rac1(Q61L), but not by that of a mutant Rac1 with the A27K substitution, deficient in binding to Noxa1. Superoxides 0-10 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 191-195 16762923-5 2006 Superoxide production in Nox1-expressing HeLa and Caco-2 cells is decreased by depletion or sequestration of Rac; on the other hand, it is enhanced by expression of the constitutively active Rac1(Q61L), but not by that of a mutant Rac1 with the A27K substitution, deficient in binding to Noxa1. Superoxides 0-10 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 231-235 16840738-6 2006 Gene transfer of ecSOD restored responses to acetylcholine (92 +/- 2% relaxation) and basal levels of NO to normal and reduced levels of superoxide [from 2.3 +/- 0.2 to 0.9 +/- 0.2 relative light units per second per millimeter squared (RLU x s(-1) x mm(-2))] and peroxynitrite (from 2.4 +/- 0.2 to 0.9 +/- 0.1 RLU x s(-1) x mm(-2)) in the aorta from rats with heart failure. Superoxides 137-147 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 17-22 16911517-3 2006 The Noxo1gamma protein contains an additional five amino acids in the N-terminal PX domain, a phosphoinositide-binding module; the domain plays an essential role in supporting superoxide production by NADPH oxidase (Nox) family oxidases including Nox1, gp91(phox)/Nox2, and Nox3, as shown in this study. Superoxides 176-186 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 264-268 16911517-7 2006 The effect of the five-amino-acid insertion in the Noxo1 PX domain appears to depend on the type of Nox; in activation of gp91(phox)/Nox2, Noxo1gamma is less active than Noxo1beta even in the presence of PMA, whereas Noxo1gamma and Noxo1beta support the superoxide-producing activity of Nox3 to the same extent in a manner independent of cell stimulation. Superoxides 254-264 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 133-137 16861386-3 2006 miR398 targets two closely related Cu/Zn superoxide dismutases (cytosolic CSD1 and chloroplastic CSD2) that can detoxify superoxide radicals. Superoxides 41-51 copper/zinc superoxide dismutase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 97-101 16776845-11 2006 However, hispidin, an inhibitor of PKCbeta, inhibited the release of superoxide anion from circulating leukocytes in all groups of animals. Superoxides 69-85 protein kinase C, beta Rattus norvegicus 35-42 16443677-4 2006 The goal of this study was to examine the effect of extracellular superoxide dismutase (ECSOD) on superoxide levels and vascular function in an animal model of aging. Superoxides 66-76 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 88-93 16443677-10 2006 After gene transfer of ECSOD to aged rats, superoxide levels in aorta were similar in old and young rats. Superoxides 43-53 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 23-28 16443677-12 2006 These results suggest that 1) vascular dysfunction associated with aging is mediated in part by increased levels of superoxide, 2) gene transfer of ECSOD reduces vascular superoxide and dysfunction in old rats, and 3) beneficial effects of ECSOD in old rats require the heparin-binding domain of ECSOD. Superoxides 116-126 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 148-153 16443677-12 2006 These results suggest that 1) vascular dysfunction associated with aging is mediated in part by increased levels of superoxide, 2) gene transfer of ECSOD reduces vascular superoxide and dysfunction in old rats, and 3) beneficial effects of ECSOD in old rats require the heparin-binding domain of ECSOD. Superoxides 171-181 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 148-153 16443677-12 2006 These results suggest that 1) vascular dysfunction associated with aging is mediated in part by increased levels of superoxide, 2) gene transfer of ECSOD reduces vascular superoxide and dysfunction in old rats, and 3) beneficial effects of ECSOD in old rats require the heparin-binding domain of ECSOD. Superoxides 171-181 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 240-245 16443677-12 2006 These results suggest that 1) vascular dysfunction associated with aging is mediated in part by increased levels of superoxide, 2) gene transfer of ECSOD reduces vascular superoxide and dysfunction in old rats, and 3) beneficial effects of ECSOD in old rats require the heparin-binding domain of ECSOD. Superoxides 171-181 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 240-245 16633352-2 2006 We previously demonstrated that human macrophages of different origin express the tyrosine kinase receptor recepteur d"origine nantaise, the human receptor for MSP (RON) and produce superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) when challenged with macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP), the endogenous ligand for RON. Superoxides 182-198 macrophage stimulating 1 receptor Homo sapiens 165-168 16633352-2 2006 We previously demonstrated that human macrophages of different origin express the tyrosine kinase receptor recepteur d"origine nantaise, the human receptor for MSP (RON) and produce superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) when challenged with macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP), the endogenous ligand for RON. Superoxides 200-204 macrophage stimulating 1 receptor Homo sapiens 165-168 16633352-2 2006 We previously demonstrated that human macrophages of different origin express the tyrosine kinase receptor recepteur d"origine nantaise, the human receptor for MSP (RON) and produce superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) when challenged with macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP), the endogenous ligand for RON. Superoxides 200-204 macrophage stimulating 1 receptor Homo sapiens 294-297 16716903-4 2006 A causative relationship between these biochemical correlates of oxidative stress and neurogenic hypertension was established when gene transfer by microinjection of adenovirus encoding SOD1, SOD2, or CAT into the bilateral RVLM promoted a long-lasting reduction in arterial pressure in SHR, but not WKY rats, accompanied by an enhanced SOD1, SOD2, or CAT protein expression or enzyme activity and reduced O2*- or H2O2 level in the RVLM. Superoxides 406-408 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 192-196 16716903-5 2006 These results together suggest that downregulation of gene expression and enzyme activity of the antioxidant SOD1, SOD2, or CAT may underlie the augmented levels of O2*- and H2O2 in the RVLM, leading to oxidative stress and hypertension in SHR. Superoxides 165-167 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 115-119 16709856-4 2006 Ncf2 encodes p67phox, a subunit of the multiprotein enzyme complex NADPH oxidase, known to be responsible for the generation of superoxides. Superoxides 128-139 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Mus musculus 0-4 16709856-4 2006 Ncf2 encodes p67phox, a subunit of the multiprotein enzyme complex NADPH oxidase, known to be responsible for the generation of superoxides. Superoxides 128-139 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Mus musculus 13-20 16513848-9 2006 Our results suggest a novel mechanism for attenuation of the hypertrophic phenotype by NHE-1 inhibition that is mediated by a reduction in PE-induced MAPK activation and superoxide production secondary to improved mitochondrial integrity. Superoxides 170-180 solute carrier family 9 member A1 Rattus norvegicus 87-92 16595161-0 2006 Metal ions induced heat shock protein response by elevating superoxide anion level in HeLa cells transformed by HSE-SEAP reporter gene. Superoxides 60-76 heat shock protein 90 beta family member 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 19-37 16595161-2 2006 The expression of heat shock protein was measured using a secreted alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter gene transformed into HeLa cell strain, the levels of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) were determined by NBT reduction assay and DCFH staining flow cytometry (FCM), respectively. Superoxides 158-174 heat shock protein 90 beta family member 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 18-36 16595161-3 2006 The experimental results demonstrated that the expression of heat shock protein induced by metal ions was linearly related to the cellular superoxide anion level before cytotoxic effects were observed, but not related to the cellular hydrogen peroxide level. Superoxides 139-155 heat shock protein 90 beta family member 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 61-79 16595161-4 2006 The experimental results suggested that metal ions might induce heat shock protein by elevating cellular superoxide anion level, and thus the expression of heat shock protein indicated by the HSE-SEAP reporter gene can be an effective model for monitoring the dynamic level of superoxide anion and early metal-induced oxidative stress/cytotoxicity. Superoxides 105-121 heat shock protein 90 beta family member 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 64-82 16595161-4 2006 The experimental results suggested that metal ions might induce heat shock protein by elevating cellular superoxide anion level, and thus the expression of heat shock protein indicated by the HSE-SEAP reporter gene can be an effective model for monitoring the dynamic level of superoxide anion and early metal-induced oxidative stress/cytotoxicity. Superoxides 105-121 heat shock protein 90 beta family member 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 156-174 16595161-4 2006 The experimental results suggested that metal ions might induce heat shock protein by elevating cellular superoxide anion level, and thus the expression of heat shock protein indicated by the HSE-SEAP reporter gene can be an effective model for monitoring the dynamic level of superoxide anion and early metal-induced oxidative stress/cytotoxicity. Superoxides 277-293 heat shock protein 90 beta family member 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 64-82 16595161-4 2006 The experimental results suggested that metal ions might induce heat shock protein by elevating cellular superoxide anion level, and thus the expression of heat shock protein indicated by the HSE-SEAP reporter gene can be an effective model for monitoring the dynamic level of superoxide anion and early metal-induced oxidative stress/cytotoxicity. Superoxides 277-293 heat shock protein 90 beta family member 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 156-174 16460309-0 2006 Activation of the superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase requires co-operation between the tandem SH3 domains of p47phox in recognition of a polyproline type II helix and an adjacent alpha-helix of p22phox. Superoxides 18-28 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 119-126 16460309-1 2006 Activation of the superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase, crucial for host defence, requires an SH3 (Src homology 3)-domain-mediated interaction of the regulatory protein p47phox with p22phox, a subunit of the oxidase catalytic core flavocytochrome b558. Superoxides 18-28 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 177-184 16460309-4 2006 Deletion of the linker between the p47phox SH3 domains results not only in a defective binding to p22phox but also in a loss of the activity to support superoxide production. Superoxides 152-162 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 35-42 16678016-5 2006 The NGF-induced increase in NOX1 mRNA was mediated by TrkA and accompanied by increased intracellular superoxide, which was suppressed by NADPH oxidase inhibitors. Superoxides 102-112 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 28-32 16678016-10 2006 Taken together, increased superoxide production by up-regulation of NOX1 may negatively regulate neuronal differentiation by suppressing excessive neurite outgrowth. Superoxides 26-36 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 68-72 16531408-0 2006 Direct and indirect roles of cytochrome b in the mediation of superoxide generation and NO catabolism by mitochondrial succinate-cytochrome c reductase. Superoxides 62-72 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 29-41 16806053-4 2006 Here we examine critically the evidence that UCP1, UCP2 and UCP3 are stimulated by ROS (superoxide) or ROS products (4-hydroxy-2-nonenal), and that the UCPs actually diminish oxidative damage. Superoxides 88-98 uncoupling protein 3 Homo sapiens 60-64 16716111-11 2006 Furthermore, kallikrein gene delivery restored nitric oxide production and suppressed NADH oxidase activity and superoxide generation. Superoxides 112-122 kallikrein related peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 13-23 16204406-3 2006 Because low K intake increases superoxide levels (2), the possibility that increases in superoxide anions may be responsible for the effect of low K intake on the expression of PI3K is supported by finding that addition of H(2)O(2) stimulates the expression of p110alpha in M1 cells. Superoxides 88-105 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 261-270 16532385-6 2006 Decreased p47(phox) protein levels, decreased superoxide anion production, and lower protein nitrotyrosination were all observed in cell lines from patients hemizygous at NCF1. Superoxides 46-62 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 171-175 16390828-3 2006 Regression analysis showed that increases in aortic superoxide anion (O.-2) with aging were significantly correlated with changes in the expression and/or regulation of proteins involved in metabolic (AMPK-alpha), signaling (mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) along with c-Src), apoptotic (Bax, Bcl-2, Traf-2) and transcriptional (NF-kappaB) activities. Superoxides 52-68 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Rattus norvegicus 278-283 16454654-10 2006 The protective effects of kallikrein, through the kinin B2 receptor, were accompanied by increased cerebral nitric oxide and Bcl-2 levels, Akt phosphorylation, and reduced NAD(P)H oxidase activity, superoxide production, Bax levels, and caspase-3 activity. Superoxides 198-208 kallikrein related peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 26-36 16394009-9 2006 CpG-DNA evoked concomitant increases in intracellular superoxide and NO levels, leading to enhanced ONOO- formation and, consequently, nuclear accumulation of c-Fos and NF-kappaB. Superoxides 54-64 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 159-164 16106039-9 2006 These data demonstrate that enhanced generation of O2(-) modulates renal hemodynamic and tubular reabsorptive function, possibly leading to sodium retention and thus contributing to the pathogenesis of ANG II-induced hypertension. Superoxides 51-56 angiogenin Rattus norvegicus 202-205 16845898-7 2006 Addition of folic acid (200 ng/mL) to the culture medium abolished NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide anion generation in macrophages by preventing phosphorylation of p47phox subunit. Superoxides 91-107 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 167-174 16563235-7 2006 In contrast, upregulation of Nox2 appeared to mediate the enhanced superoxide production by TNF-alpha in HEK293 cells. Superoxides 67-77 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 29-33 16472678-1 2006 The membrane-integrated protein gp91phox functions as the catalytic center of the superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 82-92 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 32-40 16472678-5 2006 For example, an oxidase activator (p47phox or Noxo1) and an oxidase activator (p67phox or Noxa1) are absolutely required for superoxide production by gp91phox and Nox1, but not by Nox3. Superoxides 125-135 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 35-42 16472678-5 2006 For example, an oxidase activator (p47phox or Noxo1) and an oxidase activator (p67phox or Noxa1) are absolutely required for superoxide production by gp91phox and Nox1, but not by Nox3. Superoxides 125-135 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 150-158 16234242-2 2005 A principal defense against reactive oxygen species involves the superoxide dismutases (SOD) that act to detoxify superoxide anions. Superoxides 114-131 Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Caenorhabditis elegans 88-91 16300484-11 2005 In vitro cortisol significantly decreased neutrophil superoxide generation (P < 0.05) and this was prevented by coincubation with DHEAS. Superoxides 53-63 sulfotransferase family 2A member 1 Homo sapiens 133-138 16051717-9 2005 Additionally, MnSOD activity was significantly lowered in SSM and IFM from wheel runners, which may reflect a reduction in mitochondrial superoxide production. Superoxides 137-147 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 14-19 16287844-5 2005 Our results suggest that the MEC1 pathway in sod1Delta mutant strains is sensitive to the altered cellular redox state due to increased superoxide anions and establish a new relationship between SOD1, LYS7, and the MEC1-mediated checkpoint response to replication arrest and DNA damage in S. cerevisiae. Superoxides 136-153 protein kinase MEC1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 29-33 16195479-9 2005 The modulation of superoxide release coincided with decreased expression of ecSOD and MnSOD and upregulation of the p22phox and p67phox subunits of the NADPH oxidase complex in progesterone-treated animals. Superoxides 18-28 cytochrome b-245, alpha polypeptide Mus musculus 116-123 16195479-9 2005 The modulation of superoxide release coincided with decreased expression of ecSOD and MnSOD and upregulation of the p22phox and p67phox subunits of the NADPH oxidase complex in progesterone-treated animals. Superoxides 18-28 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Mus musculus 128-135 15942049-2 2005 We hypothesize that ANG II stimulation of NAD(P)H oxidases leads to the formation of superoxide anion (O(2)-*, which, in turn, activates ADPR cyclase. Superoxides 85-101 angiogenin Rattus norvegicus 20-23 15942049-2 2005 We hypothesize that ANG II stimulation of NAD(P)H oxidases leads to the formation of superoxide anion (O(2)-*, which, in turn, activates ADPR cyclase. Superoxides 103-107 angiogenin Rattus norvegicus 20-23 16212611-5 2005 Moreover, the demonstration of impaired OH* formation in the root of the Arabidopsis mutant rhd2 impaired in a superoxide-producing Nicotimamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase has been accomplished. Superoxides 111-121 NADPH/respiratory burst oxidase protein D Arabidopsis thaliana 92-96 16123335-5 2005 A membrane-bound gp91phox containing NAD(P)H oxidase in atrial myocytes was the main source of atrial superoxide production in SR and in AF. Superoxides 102-112 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 17-25 15886273-10 2005 The protective effects of kallikrein were accompanied by increased urinary nitrate/nitrite and cGMP levels, and suppression of superoxide formation. Superoxides 127-137 kallikrein related peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 26-36 15847608-9 2005 Moreover, we observed that IL-10 (interleukin-10) inhibits superoxide release, whereas its depletion restored NADPH oxidase activity. Superoxides 59-69 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 27-32 15847608-9 2005 Moreover, we observed that IL-10 (interleukin-10) inhibits superoxide release, whereas its depletion restored NADPH oxidase activity. Superoxides 59-69 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 34-48 15980872-0 2005 Sildenafil citrate and sildenafil nitrate (NCX 911) are potent inhibitors of superoxide formation and gp91phox expression in porcine pulmonary artery endothelial cells. Superoxides 77-87 T cell leukemia homeobox 2 Homo sapiens 43-46 15992367-5 2005 Immunohistochemistry and western blotting were employed to assess the effects of anti-CD11d mAb treatment on spinal cord expression of gp91Phox (a subunit of NADPH oxidase producing superoxide) on formation of 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE, indicating lipid peroxidation) and on expression of caspase-3. Superoxides 182-192 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 135-143 15949904-1 2005 The activity of gp91phox, the catalytic subunit of the superoxide-generating respiratory burst oxidase, is stimulated by the regulatory subunits p47phox, p67phox and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 55-65 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 16-24 15949904-1 2005 The activity of gp91phox, the catalytic subunit of the superoxide-generating respiratory burst oxidase, is stimulated by the regulatory subunits p47phox, p67phox and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 55-65 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 145-152 16001080-5 2005 AIF knockdown in different carcinoma cell types resulted in lower superoxide levels, enhanced apoptosis sensitivity and loss of tumorigenicity. Superoxides 66-76 apoptosis-inducing factor, mitochondrion-associated 1 Mus musculus 0-3 15821039-1 2005 Increased heme oxygenase (HO)-1 activity attenuates endothelial cell apoptosis and decreases superoxide anion (O2-) formation in experimental diabetes by unknown mechanisms. Superoxides 93-109 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 10-31 15821039-1 2005 Increased heme oxygenase (HO)-1 activity attenuates endothelial cell apoptosis and decreases superoxide anion (O2-) formation in experimental diabetes by unknown mechanisms. Superoxides 111-113 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 10-31 15821039-8 2005 These data demonstrate that an increase in HO-1 protein and activity, i.e., CO and bilirubin production, in diabetic rats brings about a robust increase in EC-SOD, catalase, and eNOS with a concomitant increase in endothelial relaxation and a decrease in O2-. Superoxides 255-257 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 43-47 15941833-1 2005 Recent studies demonstrate that oxidative inactivation of tetrahydrobiopterin (H4B) may cause uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) to produce superoxide (O2*-). Superoxides 160-170 H4 clustered histone 4 Homo sapiens 79-82 15941833-1 2005 Recent studies demonstrate that oxidative inactivation of tetrahydrobiopterin (H4B) may cause uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) to produce superoxide (O2*-). Superoxides 172-174 H4 clustered histone 4 Homo sapiens 79-82 15941833-8 2005 Rapid and transient activation of endothelial NAD(P)H oxidases was responsible for the initial burst production of O2* (Rac1 inhibitor NSC 23766 but not an N-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester-attenuated ESR O2*- signal at 30 min) in response to angiotensin II, preceding a second peak in O2*- production at 24 h that predominantly depended on uncoupled eNOS. Superoxides 115-117 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 120-124 15941833-8 2005 Rapid and transient activation of endothelial NAD(P)H oxidases was responsible for the initial burst production of O2* (Rac1 inhibitor NSC 23766 but not an N-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester-attenuated ESR O2*- signal at 30 min) in response to angiotensin II, preceding a second peak in O2*- production at 24 h that predominantly depended on uncoupled eNOS. Superoxides 203-205 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 120-124 15824103-0 2005 The NADPH oxidase Nox3 constitutively produces superoxide in a p22phox-dependent manner: its regulation by oxidase organizers and activators. Superoxides 47-57 NADPH oxidase 3 Mus musculus 18-22 15824103-0 2005 The NADPH oxidase Nox3 constitutively produces superoxide in a p22phox-dependent manner: its regulation by oxidase organizers and activators. Superoxides 47-57 cytochrome b-245, alpha polypeptide Mus musculus 63-70 15824103-1 2005 Nox3, a member of the superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase (Nox) family, participates in otoconia formation in mouse inner ears, which is required for perception of balance and gravity. Superoxides 22-32 NADPH oxidase 3 Mus musculus 0-4 15917191-3 2005 In this study we found that peroxynitrite, a physiological oxidant formed by the fast radical-radical reaction between the nitric oxide and the superoxide anion, induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the serine/threonine protein phosphatase 1alpha (PP1alpha) in human erythrocytes through activation of src family kinases. Superoxides 144-160 protein phosphatase, Mg2+/Mn2+ dependent 1A Homo sapiens 219-245 15985711-2 2005 In veins superoxide production is dependent primarily on nox2 NAD(P)H oxidase expression, while in arteries nox4 appears to play an important role. Superoxides 9-19 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 57-61 15845367-5 2005 TRACP overexpression increased both ROS levels and superoxide production. Superoxides 51-61 acid phosphatase 5, tartrate resistant Mus musculus 0-5 15893190-0 2005 The tyrosine phosphatase, SHP-1, is a negative regulator of endothelial superoxide formation. Superoxides 72-82 protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 6 Homo sapiens 26-31 16083869-1 2005 CD4+ T cell proliferation depends on the balance between NO and extra-cellular superoxide (O2-). Superoxides 79-89 CD4 antigen Mus musculus 0-3 16083869-1 2005 CD4+ T cell proliferation depends on the balance between NO and extra-cellular superoxide (O2-). Superoxides 91-93 CD4 antigen Mus musculus 0-3 15681189-5 2005 During an operation with four strains, i.e., EBHJ2, DP1, DK1 and DPD2794, which are responsive to superoxide damage (EBHJ2 and DP1), hydrogen peroxide (DK1), and DNA damage (DPD2794), the O.D. Superoxides 98-108 immunoglobulin heavy diversity 5-12 Homo sapiens 57-60 15604414-0 2005 In vivo expression of recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor in rabbit carotid artery increases production of superoxide anion. Superoxides 118-134 vascular endothelial growth factor A Oryctolagus cuniculus 34-68 15604414-2 2005 Ability of VEGF to stimulate formation of superoxide anion in vivo has not been studied. Superoxides 42-58 vascular endothelial growth factor A Oryctolagus cuniculus 11-15 15604414-3 2005 We hypothesized that in vivo expression of recombinant VEGF in the rabbit carotid artery increases production of superoxide anion. Superoxides 113-129 vascular endothelial growth factor A Oryctolagus cuniculus 55-59 15604414-10 2005 CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that in vivo expression of recombinant VEGF in the vascular endothelium increases local production of superoxide anion. Superoxides 135-151 vascular endothelial growth factor A Oryctolagus cuniculus 72-76 15604414-11 2005 Superoxide anion appears to be an important mediator of vascular effects of VEGF in vivo. Superoxides 0-16 vascular endothelial growth factor A Oryctolagus cuniculus 76-80 15788229-0 2005 Tumor promoter TPA stimulates MMP-9 secretion from human keratinocytes by activation of superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 88-98 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Homo sapiens 30-35 15637297-0 2005 A defect of neuronal nitric oxide synthase increases xanthine oxidase-derived superoxide anion and attenuates the control of myocardial oxygen consumption by nitric oxide derived from endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Superoxides 78-94 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 53-69 15625114-9 2005 MPO also augmented PMN-dependent superoxide (O(2)(*-)) production, which was prevented by anti-CD11b antibodies, but not MPO inhibitors. Superoxides 33-43 integrin subunit alpha M Homo sapiens 95-100 15625114-9 2005 MPO also augmented PMN-dependent superoxide (O(2)(*-)) production, which was prevented by anti-CD11b antibodies, but not MPO inhibitors. Superoxides 45-53 integrin subunit alpha M Homo sapiens 95-100 15569826-9 2005 Transfection of a dominant-negative (RacN17) and constitutively active Rac1 mutant (RacV12) indicated that ANP-induced superoxide generation and MKP-1 expression are mediated via Rac1 activation. Superoxides 119-129 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 71-75 15569826-9 2005 Transfection of a dominant-negative (RacN17) and constitutively active Rac1 mutant (RacV12) indicated that ANP-induced superoxide generation and MKP-1 expression are mediated via Rac1 activation. Superoxides 119-129 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 179-183 15759052-0 2005 Neutrophil primary granule release and maximal superoxide generation depend on Rac2 in a common signalling pathway. Superoxides 47-57 Rac family small GTPase 2 Mus musculus 79-83 15759052-2 2005 Rac2, a monomeric GTP-binding protein, has been shown to be involved in several neutrophil functions, including primary granule release and superoxide (O(2)(-.) Superoxides 140-150 Rac family small GTPase 2 Mus musculus 0-4 15947482-6 2005 RESULTS: The PKC zeta inhibitor significantly blocked FMLP- or PMA-induced O(2)(-) generation by eosinophils. Superoxides 75-79 protein kinase C zeta Homo sapiens 13-21 15589971-8 2005 The increased superoxide (O(2)(-)), dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of caspase 3, and increase in annexin V binding were evident before apoptosis in DPD-treated cells. Superoxides 14-24 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 181-184 15589971-8 2005 The increased superoxide (O(2)(-)), dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of caspase 3, and increase in annexin V binding were evident before apoptosis in DPD-treated cells. Superoxides 26-30 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 181-184 15589971-12 2005 The results suggest that the cellular generation of O(2)(-) plays a role in initiating and coordinating DPD-mediated growth arrest and apoptosis of HL-60 cells. Superoxides 52-56 dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 104-107 15684769-2 2004 Cu/Zn and MnSOD are especially potent scavengers of superoxide anion and likely serve important cytoprotective roles against cellular damage. Superoxides 52-68 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 10-15 15380626-6 2004 The hyperglycemia-induced post-transcriptional upregulation of MnSOD and CuZnSOD levels suggest a response to increased superoxide production which, in the presence of increased nitric oxide production, may play a major role in the increased risk of damage following hyperglycemic stroke. Superoxides 120-130 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 63-68 15528331-0 2004 Rac2-deficient murine macrophages have selective defects in superoxide production and phagocytosis of opsonized particles. Superoxides 60-70 Rac family small GTPase 2 Mus musculus 0-4 15528331-2 2004 Mice deficient in hemopoietic-specific Rac2 exhibited agonist-specific defects in neutrophil functions including chemoattractant-stimulated filamentous actin polymerization and chemotaxis, and superoxide production elicited by phorbol ester, fMLP, or IgG-coated particles, despite expression of the highly homologous Rac1 isoform. Superoxides 193-203 Rac family small GTPase 2 Mus musculus 39-43 15499028-3 2004 This question was addressed by blocking xanthine oxidase (XO), a superoxide-generating enzyme that is upregulated in animal models of heart failure. Superoxides 65-75 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 40-56 15499028-3 2004 This question was addressed by blocking xanthine oxidase (XO), a superoxide-generating enzyme that is upregulated in animal models of heart failure. Superoxides 65-75 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 58-60 15475543-9 2004 Thus NO bioavailability is impaired in SHR owing to an ANG II-mediated increase in superoxide production in association with enhanced expression of NAD(P)H oxidase components, despite increased expression of eNOS. Superoxides 83-93 angiogenin Rattus norvegicus 55-58 15475543-10 2004 Loss of SOD-3, an important superoxide scavenger, may also contribute to enhanced oxidant stress. Superoxides 28-38 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 8-13 15509740-9 2004 gp120 coupled CXCR4 (CXC chemokine receptor 4) to induce NADPH oxidase-mediated production of superoxide radicals in neurons, which was involved in the activation of NSMase but not ASMase. Superoxides 94-104 C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 Homo sapiens 14-19 15509740-9 2004 gp120 coupled CXCR4 (CXC chemokine receptor 4) to induce NADPH oxidase-mediated production of superoxide radicals in neurons, which was involved in the activation of NSMase but not ASMase. Superoxides 94-104 C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 Homo sapiens 21-45 15243751-8 2004 The present findings demonstrate that MTP is diminished by ROS, including the H2O2 dismutated from O2-, produced intracellularly by activation of the NADPH oxidase in mouse peritoneal resident macrophages stimulated with PMA. Superoxides 80-82 lysosomal-associated protein transmembrane 4A Mus musculus 38-41 15507762-4 2004 The translocation depends on a stimulus-induced conformational change of p47phox, which leads to the SH3 domain-mediated interaction with p22phox, a binding required for the gp91phox/Nox2-dependent superoxide production. Superoxides 198-208 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 73-80 15314185-8 2004 Consequently, the reduced level of activated Elk-1 protein by extracellular signal-regulated kinase impeded constitutive, serum-, and superoxide-inducible c-fos expression. Superoxides 134-144 ETS transcription factor ELK1 Homo sapiens 45-50 15314185-8 2004 Consequently, the reduced level of activated Elk-1 protein by extracellular signal-regulated kinase impeded constitutive, serum-, and superoxide-inducible c-fos expression. Superoxides 134-144 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 155-160 15327813-0 2004 Superoxide-mediated nitration of spinal manganese superoxide dismutase: a novel pathway in N-methyl-D-aspartate-mediated hyperalgesia. Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 40-70 15327813-6 2004 At time of near-to-maximal hyperalgesia, we observed that spinal endogenous manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), the enzyme that normally keeps superoxide under well-controlled condition was nitrated, as shown by immunoprecipitation. Superoxides 86-96 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 108-113 15327813-7 2004 Subsequently and as determined by biochemical analysis, nitration of MnSOD led to its deactivation as shown by the loss of the enzyme"s ability to dismute and hence remove superoxide. Superoxides 172-182 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 69-74 15327813-9 2004 Thus, superoxide-mediated nitration and deactivation of spinal MnSOD is a novel pathway of NMDA-mediated spinal hyperalgesia and hence central sensitization since it helps to maintain high levels of superoxide that in turn maintains nociceptive signaling. Superoxides 6-16 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 63-68 15327813-9 2004 Thus, superoxide-mediated nitration and deactivation of spinal MnSOD is a novel pathway of NMDA-mediated spinal hyperalgesia and hence central sensitization since it helps to maintain high levels of superoxide that in turn maintains nociceptive signaling. Superoxides 199-209 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 63-68 15326075-6 2004 SIN-1, NCX 4016, and NCX 4050 but not ASA alone inhibited the formation of O2*- and expression of gp91(phox). Superoxides 75-78 T cell leukemia homeobox 2 Homo sapiens 7-10 15326075-6 2004 SIN-1, NCX 4016, and NCX 4050 but not ASA alone inhibited the formation of O2*- and expression of gp91(phox). Superoxides 75-78 T cell leukemia homeobox 2 Homo sapiens 21-24 15181005-1 2004 gp91(phox) (Nox2), the catalytic subunit of the superoxide-generating respiratory burst oxidase, is regulated by subunits p47(phox) and p67(phox). Superoxides 48-58 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 0-10 15181005-1 2004 gp91(phox) (Nox2), the catalytic subunit of the superoxide-generating respiratory burst oxidase, is regulated by subunits p47(phox) and p67(phox). Superoxides 48-58 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 12-16 15253727-10 2004 Kallikrein gene transfer significantly increased nitric oxide and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels in conjunction with reduced salt-induced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADH/NADPH) oxidase activity, superoxide production, transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) mRNA and protein levels, and TGF-beta1 immunostaining. Superoxides 261-271 kallikrein related peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-10 15166213-3 2004 The lysine and leucine biosynthetic pathways each contain a 4Fe-4S cluster enzyme homologous to aconitase and likely to be superoxide-sensitive, homoaconitase (Lys4p) and isopropylmalate dehydratase (Leu1p), respectively. Superoxides 123-133 3-isopropylmalate dehydratase LEU1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 200-205 15275961-8 2004 It suggests that MnSOD protects the cells in these regions from superoxide-induced damage and therefore may limit the retrograde and anterograde spread of neurotoxicity. Superoxides 64-74 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 17-22 15145937-2 2004 Resistance to death from the superoxide generator menadione in the hepatocyte cell line RALA255-10G is dependent on down-regulation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/AP-1 signaling pathway by extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Superoxides 29-39 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 169-173 15145937-11 2004 Resistance to death from superoxide therefore requires both PKC/PKD and ERK1/2 activation in order to down-regulate proapoptotic JNK/c-Jun signaling. Superoxides 25-35 protein kinase D1 Homo sapiens 64-67 15145937-11 2004 Resistance to death from superoxide therefore requires both PKC/PKD and ERK1/2 activation in order to down-regulate proapoptotic JNK/c-Jun signaling. Superoxides 25-35 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 133-138 15031143-8 2004 These results emphasize the importance of the direct NADPH-dependent reduction of superoxide-sensitive probes by cytochrome P450-reductase even though this enzyme does not, on its own accord, produce reactive oxygen species. Superoxides 82-92 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Rattus norvegicus 113-138 15183130-0 2004 Spin adducts of several N-2-(2-alkoxycarbonyl-propyl)-alpha-pyridylnitrone derivatives with superoxide, alkyl and lipid-derived radicals. Superoxides 92-102 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 15107478-9 2004 Superoxide dismutase mimetic, a potent scavenger of superoxide anions, prevented IH-induced c-fos, AP-1 and TH activations. Superoxides 52-69 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 92-97 15107478-12 2004 Pharmacological inhibitors of complex I mimicked the effects of IH during normoxia and occluded the effects of IH on c-fos activation, suggesting the involvement of the mitochondrial electron transport chain in the generation of superoxide anions during IH. Superoxides 229-246 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Rattus norvegicus 117-122 15149330-10 2004 RESULTS: PR3-ANCA-treated mPR3(high) versus mPR3(low) neutrophils showed more superoxide generation (33.7 +/- 15.2 nmol O(2) (-) to 14.6 +/- 8.4, P < 0.01), more degranulation (29%+/- 5 to 22%+/- 3, P < 0.05), and more PI3-K/Akt activation. Superoxides 78-88 proteinase 3 Mus musculus 26-30 15149330-10 2004 RESULTS: PR3-ANCA-treated mPR3(high) versus mPR3(low) neutrophils showed more superoxide generation (33.7 +/- 15.2 nmol O(2) (-) to 14.6 +/- 8.4, P < 0.01), more degranulation (29%+/- 5 to 22%+/- 3, P < 0.05), and more PI3-K/Akt activation. Superoxides 78-88 proteinase 3 Mus musculus 44-48 15149330-10 2004 RESULTS: PR3-ANCA-treated mPR3(high) versus mPR3(low) neutrophils showed more superoxide generation (33.7 +/- 15.2 nmol O(2) (-) to 14.6 +/- 8.4, P < 0.01), more degranulation (29%+/- 5 to 22%+/- 3, P < 0.05), and more PI3-K/Akt activation. Superoxides 120-124 proteinase 3 Mus musculus 26-30 15163545-8 2004 An antioxidant, N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC), decreased DNA fragmentation and inhibited the changes in MMP, O(2)(-) formation, and activation of caspase-3 induced by Cr(VI). Superoxides 105-109 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 37-40 15157622-5 2004 Titration of the CCB-mAb 44.1:Cyt b complex with the anionic amphiphile lithium dodecyl sulfate (LDS) resulted in a saturable relaxation of fluorescence quenching due to conformational changes in Cyt b at concentrations of the amphiphile required for maximum rates of superoxide production by Cyt b in cell-free assays. Superoxides 268-278 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 30-35 15157622-5 2004 Titration of the CCB-mAb 44.1:Cyt b complex with the anionic amphiphile lithium dodecyl sulfate (LDS) resulted in a saturable relaxation of fluorescence quenching due to conformational changes in Cyt b at concentrations of the amphiphile required for maximum rates of superoxide production by Cyt b in cell-free assays. Superoxides 268-278 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 196-201 15157622-5 2004 Titration of the CCB-mAb 44.1:Cyt b complex with the anionic amphiphile lithium dodecyl sulfate (LDS) resulted in a saturable relaxation of fluorescence quenching due to conformational changes in Cyt b at concentrations of the amphiphile required for maximum rates of superoxide production by Cyt b in cell-free assays. Superoxides 268-278 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 196-201 14766203-0 2004 Adiponectin suppresses proliferation and superoxide generation and enhances eNOS activity in endothelial cells treated with oxidized LDL. Superoxides 41-51 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Bos taurus 0-11 14766238-0 2004 Heme oxygenase-1 prevents superoxide anion-associated endothelial cell sloughing in diabetic rats. Superoxides 26-42 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 14576080-0 2004 Superoxide, H2O2, and iron are required for TNF-alpha-induced MCP-1 gene expression in endothelial cells: role of Rac1 and NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 0-10 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 Mus musculus 62-67 14576080-3 2004 Adenovirus-mediated expression of superoxide dismutase and catalase inhibited TNF-alpha-induced MCP-1 gene expression, suggesting important roles of superoxide (O(2)(-).) Superoxides 34-44 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 Mus musculus 96-101 14576080-3 2004 Adenovirus-mediated expression of superoxide dismutase and catalase inhibited TNF-alpha-induced MCP-1 gene expression, suggesting important roles of superoxide (O(2)(-).) Superoxides 161-165 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 Mus musculus 96-101 14576080-13 2004 These data suggest that ROS such as superoxide and H(2)O(2) derived from Rac1-activated NADPH oxidase mediate TNF-alpha-induced MCP-1 expression in endothelial cells. Superoxides 36-46 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 Mus musculus 128-133 14978110-6 2004 Cotransfection of p41(nox) and p51(nox) cDNAs in T84 cells enhanced PMA-stimulated O(2)(-) release 5-fold. Superoxides 83-87 erythrocyte membrane protein band 4.1 Homo sapiens 18-21 15006693-4 2004 Signals for superoxide production and phospho-PERK were colocalized, which further indicates a pivotal role for superoxide in ER damage. Superoxides 112-122 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 Mus musculus 46-50 14698996-10 2004 Enhanced cell survival after kallikrein gene transfer occurred in conjunction with markedly increased cerebral nitric oxide levels and phospho-Akt and Bcl-2 levels but reduced caspase-3 activation, NAD(P)H oxidase activity, and superoxide production. Superoxides 228-238 kallikrein related peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 29-39 14700515-6 2004 RESULTS: Infection of neuronal cells with Ad-eNOS increased the nitrite production but decreased the level of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)), indicating that eNOS gene delivery increased NO availability. Superoxides 110-126 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 45-49 14700515-6 2004 RESULTS: Infection of neuronal cells with Ad-eNOS increased the nitrite production but decreased the level of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)), indicating that eNOS gene delivery increased NO availability. Superoxides 110-126 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 154-158 14700515-6 2004 RESULTS: Infection of neuronal cells with Ad-eNOS increased the nitrite production but decreased the level of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)), indicating that eNOS gene delivery increased NO availability. Superoxides 128-132 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 45-49 14700515-6 2004 RESULTS: Infection of neuronal cells with Ad-eNOS increased the nitrite production but decreased the level of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)), indicating that eNOS gene delivery increased NO availability. Superoxides 128-132 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 154-158 14977419-4 2004 Some myopathies, especially those in the cytochrome b subunit, exacerbate free-radical damage by enhancing superoxide production at the ubihydroquinone oxidation site. Superoxides 107-117 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 41-53 14667941-8 2004 We suggest that adrenaline inhibits fMLP induced superoxide production upstream of the NADPH oxidase via a mechanism involving PKA and cPLA(2). Superoxides 49-59 phospholipase A2 group IVA Homo sapiens 135-142 14744014-2 2003 The oxidase, dormant in resting cells, becomes activated to produce superoxide, a precursor of microbicidal oxidants, by interacting with the adaptor proteins p47phox and p67phox as well as the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 68-78 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 159-166 14744014-3 2003 In the past few years, several proteins homologous to gp91phox were discovered as superoxide-producing NAD(P)H oxidases (Nox"s) in non-phagocytic cells; however, regulatory mechanisms for the novel oxidases have been largely unknown. Superoxides 82-92 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 54-62 14744014-3 2003 In the past few years, several proteins homologous to gp91phox were discovered as superoxide-producing NAD(P)H oxidases (Nox"s) in non-phagocytic cells; however, regulatory mechanisms for the novel oxidases have been largely unknown. Superoxides 82-92 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 103-110 14593003-5 2003 In response to oscillatory shear stress, gp91phox mRNA expression was upregulated by 2.9+/-0.3-fold, and its homologue, Nox4, by 3.9+/-0.9-fold (P<0.05, n=4), with a corresponding increase in O2-* production rate. Superoxides 195-197 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Bos taurus 41-49 14593003-9 2003 The formation of modified LDL via O2-* production may also affect the regulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression and monocyte/BAEC binding. Superoxides 34-36 C-C motif chemokine 2 Bos taurus 84-118 12972420-0 2003 Superoxide activates uncoupling proteins by generating carbon-centered radicals and initiating lipid peroxidation: studies using a mitochondria-targeted spin trap derived from alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone. Superoxides 0-10 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 153-157 12972420-4 2003 We synthesized a mitochondria-targeted derivative of the spin trap alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone, which reacts rapidly with carbon-centered radicals but is unreactive with superoxide and lipid peroxidation products. Superoxides 175-185 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 57-61 14697672-0 2003 Calcium-dependent mitochondrial superoxide modulates nuclear CREB phosphorylation in hippocampal neurons. Superoxides 32-42 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 14697672-1 2003 We report evidence that mitochondrially produced superoxide (O(2)(-)) is involved in signaling in hippocampal neurons by examining the relationship between strong but physiological increases in cytosolic free Ca(2+), mitochondrial calcium accumulation, O(2)(-) production, and CREB phosphorylation. Superoxides 49-59 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 277-281 14697672-1 2003 We report evidence that mitochondrially produced superoxide (O(2)(-)) is involved in signaling in hippocampal neurons by examining the relationship between strong but physiological increases in cytosolic free Ca(2+), mitochondrial calcium accumulation, O(2)(-) production, and CREB phosphorylation. Superoxides 61-65 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 277-281 14697672-3 2003 Under these conditions, inhibition of mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake and consequent O(2)(-) production suppressed Ca(2+) entry-induced pCREB elevation, indicating that O(2)(-) produced by mitochondria supports CREB phosphorylation. Superoxides 81-86 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 133-137 14697672-3 2003 Under these conditions, inhibition of mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake and consequent O(2)(-) production suppressed Ca(2+) entry-induced pCREB elevation, indicating that O(2)(-) produced by mitochondria supports CREB phosphorylation. Superoxides 81-85 cAMP responsive element binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 133-137 14645672-2 2003 Herein, YC-1 was demonstrated to inhibit the generation of superoxide anion (O2-) and the release of beta-glucuronidase release, to diminish the membrane-associated p47phox and to accelerate resequestration of cytosolic calcium in formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine-activated human neutrophils. Superoxides 59-75 RNA binding motif single stranded interacting protein 1 Homo sapiens 8-12 14645672-2 2003 Herein, YC-1 was demonstrated to inhibit the generation of superoxide anion (O2-) and the release of beta-glucuronidase release, to diminish the membrane-associated p47phox and to accelerate resequestration of cytosolic calcium in formyl-l-methionyl-l-leucyl-l-phenylalanine-activated human neutrophils. Superoxides 77-79 RNA binding motif single stranded interacting protein 1 Homo sapiens 8-12 13129931-10 2003 We suggest that certain mutations in SDH can make it a significant source of superoxide production in mitochondria, which may contribute directly to disease progression. Superoxides 77-87 succinate dehydrogenase complex iron sulfur subunit B Homo sapiens 37-40 13129931-11 2003 Our data also challenge the dogma that superoxide production by SDH is a flavin-mediated event rather than a quinone-mediated one. Superoxides 39-49 succinate dehydrogenase complex iron sulfur subunit B Homo sapiens 64-67 14563482-0 2003 Spin trapping of superoxide, alkyl- and lipid-derived radicals with derivatives of the spin trap EPPN. Superoxides 17-27 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 14563482-0 2003 Spin trapping of superoxide, alkyl- and lipid-derived radicals with derivatives of the spin trap EPPN. Superoxides 17-27 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 87-91 14563482-4 2003 Electron spin resonance spectra and stabilities of the superoxide adducts of the propoxy derivatives were found to be similar to those of the respective EPPN adduct, whereas the electron spin resonance spectra of the superoxide adducts of N-2-(2-ethoxycarbonyl-propyl)-alpha-(4-pyridyl) nitrone and the butoxy derivatives were accompanied by decomposition products. Superoxides 55-65 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 9-13 14563482-4 2003 Electron spin resonance spectra and stabilities of the superoxide adducts of the propoxy derivatives were found to be similar to those of the respective EPPN adduct, whereas the electron spin resonance spectra of the superoxide adducts of N-2-(2-ethoxycarbonyl-propyl)-alpha-(4-pyridyl) nitrone and the butoxy derivatives were accompanied by decomposition products. Superoxides 217-227 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 187-191 12894215-4 2003 Interestingly, decreasing intracellular superoxide concentration with an inhibitor of the beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase or by transient transfection with a dominant-negative form of the guanosine triphosphate-binding protein Rac1 resulted in a significant increase in the sensitivity of CEM/Bcl-2 cells to CD95- or merocil-induced apoptosis. Superoxides 40-50 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 252-256 14656025-4 2003 The resultant increase in superoxide levels is further amplified by homocysteine-dependent alterations in the function of cellular antioxidant enzymes such as cellular glutathione peroxidase or extracellular superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 26-36 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 159-190 14500673-8 2003 Inhibition of protein kinase Czeta (PKCzeta) inhibited MBP-stimulated O(2)(-) production. Superoxides 70-75 protein kinase C zeta Homo sapiens 14-34 14500673-8 2003 Inhibition of protein kinase Czeta (PKCzeta) inhibited MBP-stimulated O(2)(-) production. Superoxides 70-75 protein kinase C zeta Homo sapiens 36-43 14500673-12 2003 We conclude that MBP stimulates a Src kinase-dependent activation of class I(A) PI3K and, in turn, activation of PKCzeta in neutrophils, which contributes to the activation of NADPH oxidase and the resultant O(2)(-) production in response to MBP stimulation. Superoxides 208-215 protein kinase C zeta Homo sapiens 113-120 12913107-4 2003 Coimmunoprecipitation experiments and double labeling immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated the unique colocalization of cPLA2 and the NADPH oxidase in plasma membranes of stimulated cells, in correlation with the kinetic burst of superoxide production. Superoxides 234-244 phospholipase A2 group IVA Homo sapiens 124-129 12913107-7 2003 The ability of cPLA2 to regulate two different functions in the same cells (superoxide generation and eicosanoid production) is achieved by a novel dual subcellular localization of cPLA2 to different targets. Superoxides 76-86 phospholipase A2 group IVA Homo sapiens 15-20 12913107-7 2003 The ability of cPLA2 to regulate two different functions in the same cells (superoxide generation and eicosanoid production) is achieved by a novel dual subcellular localization of cPLA2 to different targets. Superoxides 76-86 phospholipase A2 group IVA Homo sapiens 181-186 12934716-1 2003 The transcription of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), expression of which is essential for detoxification of superoxide radicals from mitochondria, has been shown to be regulated in vitro by many factors and conditions including oxidative stress, cytokines, lipopolysaccharide, cytoplasmic myc (c-myc), p53 and tumour necrosis factors. Superoxides 31-41 Myc Drosophila melanogaster 285-300 12934716-1 2003 The transcription of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), expression of which is essential for detoxification of superoxide radicals from mitochondria, has been shown to be regulated in vitro by many factors and conditions including oxidative stress, cytokines, lipopolysaccharide, cytoplasmic myc (c-myc), p53 and tumour necrosis factors. Superoxides 31-41 Myc Drosophila melanogaster 302-307 12911273-0 2003 Confirmation of superoxide generation via xanthine oxidase in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Superoxides 16-26 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 42-58 12911273-2 2003 In this study, xanthine oxidase (XO) system was examined as a potential source of superoxide in mice with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced experimental diabetes. Superoxides 82-92 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 15-31 12663375-0 2003 c-Src induces phosphorylation and translocation of p47phox: role in superoxide generation by angiotensin II in human vascular smooth muscle cells. Superoxides 68-78 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 51-58 12663375-13 2003 CONCLUSIONS: c-Src regulates NAD(P)H oxidase-derived *O2- generation acutely by stimulating p47phox phosphorylation and translocation and chronically by increasing protein content of gp91phox, p22phox, and p47phox in Ang II-stimulated cells. Superoxides 54-56 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 183-191 12663375-13 2003 CONCLUSIONS: c-Src regulates NAD(P)H oxidase-derived *O2- generation acutely by stimulating p47phox phosphorylation and translocation and chronically by increasing protein content of gp91phox, p22phox, and p47phox in Ang II-stimulated cells. Superoxides 54-56 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 92-99 12759446-5 2003 In contrast, superoxide production is normal in Rac1-deficient neutrophils but markedly diminished in Rac2 null cells. Superoxides 13-23 Rac family small GTPase 2 Mus musculus 102-106 12657628-0 2003 Proteins homologous to p47phox and p67phox support superoxide production by NAD(P)H oxidase 1 in colon epithelial cells. Superoxides 51-61 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Mus musculus 35-42 12732715-5 2003 Manipulation of LOL1 expression alters both the superoxide-dependent, runaway cell death phenotype of lsd1 plants and the normal HR. Superoxides 48-58 LSD1 zinc finger family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 102-106 12732610-3 2003 SCD has been characterized as a chronic state of inflammation in which xanthine oxidase (XO) from ischemic tissues increases vascular superoxide anion (O2*-) generation. Superoxides 134-150 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 71-87 12732610-3 2003 SCD has been characterized as a chronic state of inflammation in which xanthine oxidase (XO) from ischemic tissues increases vascular superoxide anion (O2*-) generation. Superoxides 134-150 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 89-91 12732610-3 2003 SCD has been characterized as a chronic state of inflammation in which xanthine oxidase (XO) from ischemic tissues increases vascular superoxide anion (O2*-) generation. Superoxides 152-154 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 71-87 12732610-3 2003 SCD has been characterized as a chronic state of inflammation in which xanthine oxidase (XO) from ischemic tissues increases vascular superoxide anion (O2*-) generation. Superoxides 152-154 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 89-91 12732610-5 2003 Here we hypothesize that L-4F, an apoA-1 mimetic, preserves vasodilation in hypercholesterolemia and SCD by decreasing mechanisms that increase O2*- generation. Superoxides 144-146 apolipoprotein A-I Mus musculus 34-40 12750003-0 2003 Role of superoxide in poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase upregulation after transient cerebral ischemia. Superoxides 8-18 poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1 Mus musculus 22-49 12750003-5 2003 Our study shows that PARP is upregulated as early as 15 min after 1 h of transient focal cerebral ischemia and remains for 8 h. We also examined the role of superoxide in PARP induction using copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase transgenic mice. Superoxides 157-167 poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1 Mus musculus 21-25 12711304-1 2003 Human metallothionein (hMT) is highly overexpressed in the resistant AML-2 cell line selected by paraquat, an intracellular superoxide generator. Superoxides 124-134 histamine N-methyltransferase Homo sapiens 23-26 12784910-0 2003 The inhibition of superoxide production in EL4 lymphoma cells overexpressing growth hormone. Superoxides 18-28 epilepsy 4 Mus musculus 43-46 12784910-5 2003 Our studies show that overexpression of GH in EL4, a T-cell lymphoma cell line, results in a decrease in the production of O2- compared to control cells, as detected using the fluorescent dye, dihydroethidium. Superoxides 123-125 epilepsy 4 Mus musculus 46-49 12606638-2 2003 Small GTP-binding protein Rac1 is activated by various proinflammatory substances and regulates superoxide generation in endothelial cells. Superoxides 96-106 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 26-30 12505874-4 2003 This increase in superoxide was associated with impaired cavernosal nerve-mediated and agonist-induced erectile responses, increased nitrotyrosine staining, and lower cGMP levels, but no compensatory change in cavernosal extracellular (EC)-superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) mRNA or protein. Superoxides 17-27 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 262-268 12505874-9 2003 Gene-transfer of EC-SOD reduces superoxide formation and restores age-associated erectile function and may represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Superoxides 32-42 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 17-23 12577312-8 2003 Taken together, the results obtained indicate that superoxide mediates IL-1-induced I kappa B-alpha degradation and the consequent NF-kappa B activation and iNOS expression in chondrocytes, whereas H(2)O(2) does not seem to participate in those IL-1-induced responses. Superoxides 51-61 nitric oxide synthase 2 Bos taurus 157-161 12577312-8 2003 Taken together, the results obtained indicate that superoxide mediates IL-1-induced I kappa B-alpha degradation and the consequent NF-kappa B activation and iNOS expression in chondrocytes, whereas H(2)O(2) does not seem to participate in those IL-1-induced responses. Superoxides 51-61 NFKB inhibitor alpha Bos taurus 84-99 12668130-3 2003 Recombinant adenoviruses expressing Cu/ZnSOD or MnSOD were utilized to modulate superoxide levels in the cytoplasmic or mitochondrial compartments, respectively, prior to coronary artery I/R injury in the rat heart. Superoxides 80-90 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 48-53 12475976-2 2003 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes consists of a membrane-associated flavocytochrome b(559) and four cytosolic components as follows: p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (1 or 2). Superoxides 4-14 Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 Homo sapiens 183-186 12524405-9 2003 The oxidoreductase inhibitor diphenylene iodonium significantly inhibited O(2)(-) production whereas NADPH and NADH increased production rates. Superoxides 74-81 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 4-18 12524405-13 2003 CONCLUSIONS: Cultures of transformed and primary epithelial cells from human colon may produce extracellular O(2)(-) through an NAD(P)H oxidase expressing Nox1 and p22(phox). Superoxides 109-113 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 128-135 12524405-13 2003 CONCLUSIONS: Cultures of transformed and primary epithelial cells from human colon may produce extracellular O(2)(-) through an NAD(P)H oxidase expressing Nox1 and p22(phox). Superoxides 109-113 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 168-172 12536801-0 2002 Spin trapping of superoxide in the presence of beta-cyclodextrins. Superoxides 17-27 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 12536801-1 2002 The trapping of superoxide anion with DMPO and DEPMPO has been carried out in the presence of a methylated beta-cyclodextrin, Me-beta-CD; inclusion of the spin adducts in the cavity of Me-beta-CD resulted in a seven-fold increase of their half-life (t1/2 = 96 min for DEPMPO-superoxide spin adduct) and in their protection towards glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) and also ascrobate anion in the case of DEPMPO. Superoxides 16-32 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 155-159 12536801-1 2002 The trapping of superoxide anion with DMPO and DEPMPO has been carried out in the presence of a methylated beta-cyclodextrin, Me-beta-CD; inclusion of the spin adducts in the cavity of Me-beta-CD resulted in a seven-fold increase of their half-life (t1/2 = 96 min for DEPMPO-superoxide spin adduct) and in their protection towards glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) and also ascrobate anion in the case of DEPMPO. Superoxides 16-32 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 286-290 12536801-1 2002 The trapping of superoxide anion with DMPO and DEPMPO has been carried out in the presence of a methylated beta-cyclodextrin, Me-beta-CD; inclusion of the spin adducts in the cavity of Me-beta-CD resulted in a seven-fold increase of their half-life (t1/2 = 96 min for DEPMPO-superoxide spin adduct) and in their protection towards glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) and also ascrobate anion in the case of DEPMPO. Superoxides 16-26 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 155-159 12536801-1 2002 The trapping of superoxide anion with DMPO and DEPMPO has been carried out in the presence of a methylated beta-cyclodextrin, Me-beta-CD; inclusion of the spin adducts in the cavity of Me-beta-CD resulted in a seven-fold increase of their half-life (t1/2 = 96 min for DEPMPO-superoxide spin adduct) and in their protection towards glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) and also ascrobate anion in the case of DEPMPO. Superoxides 16-26 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 286-290 12471136-7 2002 HL-60 cells transfected to express myc-tagged rac1 and gp91(phox) from the CMV immediate early promoter maintained the ability to generate O(2)(-) 120 h postinfection. Superoxides 139-143 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 46-50 12488134-2 2002 Vascular superoxide concentrations are limited by extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), which is highly expressed in the vasculature of most animal species. Superoxides 9-19 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 50-84 12488134-2 2002 Vascular superoxide concentrations are limited by extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), which is highly expressed in the vasculature of most animal species. Superoxides 9-19 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 86-92 12372827-0 2002 Superoxide activates mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 from the matrix side. Superoxides 0-10 uncoupling protein 2 Rattus norvegicus 21-55 12372827-2 2002 Superoxide activates nucleotide-sensitive mitochondrial proton transport through the uncoupling proteins UCP1, UCP2, and UCP3 (Echtay, K. S., et al. Superoxides 0-10 uncoupling protein 2 Rattus norvegicus 111-115 12372827-5 2002 Here we provide evidence for the first mechanism and show that superoxide activates UCP2 in rat kidney mitochondria from the matrix side of the mitochondrial inner membrane: (i) Exogenous superoxide inhibited matrix aconitase, showing that external superoxide entered the matrix. Superoxides 63-73 uncoupling protein 2 Rattus norvegicus 84-88 12372827-5 2002 Here we provide evidence for the first mechanism and show that superoxide activates UCP2 in rat kidney mitochondria from the matrix side of the mitochondrial inner membrane: (i) Exogenous superoxide inhibited matrix aconitase, showing that external superoxide entered the matrix. Superoxides 188-198 uncoupling protein 2 Rattus norvegicus 84-88 12372827-5 2002 Here we provide evidence for the first mechanism and show that superoxide activates UCP2 in rat kidney mitochondria from the matrix side of the mitochondrial inner membrane: (i) Exogenous superoxide inhibited matrix aconitase, showing that external superoxide entered the matrix. Superoxides 188-198 uncoupling protein 2 Rattus norvegicus 84-88 12372827-8 2002 Thus matrix superoxide appears to be necessary for activation of UCP2 by exogenous superoxide. Superoxides 12-22 uncoupling protein 2 Rattus norvegicus 65-69 12372827-8 2002 Thus matrix superoxide appears to be necessary for activation of UCP2 by exogenous superoxide. Superoxides 83-93 uncoupling protein 2 Rattus norvegicus 65-69 12372827-10 2002 Under these conditions quinols are known to produce superoxide, and because mitoQ is localized within the mitochondrial matrix this suggests that production of superoxide in the matrix was sufficient to activate UCP2. Superoxides 160-170 uncoupling protein 2 Rattus norvegicus 212-216 12468568-1 2002 Recently, we demonstrated that the heptapeptide angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-[1-7]) exhibits a favorable kinetic of nitric oxide (NO) release accompanied by extremely low superoxide (O2-) production. Superoxides 165-175 ANG Bos taurus 67-70 12468568-1 2002 Recently, we demonstrated that the heptapeptide angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-[1-7]) exhibits a favorable kinetic of nitric oxide (NO) release accompanied by extremely low superoxide (O2-) production. Superoxides 177-179 ANG Bos taurus 67-70 12468931-4 2002 Rac2-deficient mice and a human patient with a D57N Rac2 mutant share a phenotype of leukocytosis with defective neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide production in response to some, but not all, agonists. Superoxides 139-149 Rac family small GTPase 2 Mus musculus 0-4 12417549-9 2002 Adventitial application of the O2--generating system xanthine/xanthine oxidase or the potent NO scavenger oxyhemoglobin impaired EDR. Superoxides 31-33 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 62-78 12426214-8 2002 The expression of NAD(P)H oxidase subunit gp91-phox is critical for endothelial superoxide anion formation. Superoxides 80-96 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 42-51 12677190-5 2002 Adrenomedullin gene delivery results in increased cAMP, nitric oxide and cGMP levels in conjunction with significantly reduced superoxide production in the heart, kidney and brain. Superoxides 127-137 adrenomedullin Rattus norvegicus 0-14 12356790-8 2002 Taken together, these findings suggest that grepafloxacin evokes a priming effect on neutrophil superoxide generation intracellularly through the translocation of p47-phox and even p67-phox protein to the membrane fractions. Superoxides 96-106 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 163-171 12215485-3 2002 LNO2, but not linoleic acid or the nitrated amino acid 3-nitrotyrosine, dose-dependently (0.2 to 1 micromol/L) inhibited superoxide (O2*-) generation, Ca2+ influx, elastase release, and CD11b expression in response to either phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe. Superoxides 2-4 integrin subunit alpha M Homo sapiens 186-191 12482119-2 2002 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a potent scavenger of superoxide radicals and likely serves an important cytoprotective role in preventing cellular damage after SCI. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 32-37 12137755-8 2002 Addition of Stx 2 or Stx 1 to human mature granulocytes in vitro decreased their superoxide-producing activity when stimulated with agonists. Superoxides 81-91 syntaxin 2 Homo sapiens 12-17 11896053-0 2002 Rac activation induces NADPH oxidase activity in transgenic COSphox cells, and the level of superoxide production is exchange factor-dependent. Superoxides 92-102 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 11896053-6 2002 The constitutively active form of the hematopoietic-specific GEF, Vav1, was the most effective at activating superoxide production, despite detection of higher levels of Rac1-GTP upon expression of constitutively active Vav2 or Tiam1 derivatives. Superoxides 109-119 Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 Homo sapiens 61-64 11896062-0 2002 A prenylated p67phox-Rac1 chimera elicits NADPH-dependent superoxide production by phagocyte membranes in the absence of an activator and of p47phox: conversion of a pagan NADPH oxidase to monotheism. Superoxides 58-68 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 21-25 11896062-1 2002 Activation of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes is the result of the assembly of a membrane-localized flavocytochrome (cytochrome b(559)) with the cytosolic components p47(phox), p67(phox), and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 18-28 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 139-151 12054696-4 2002 Superoxide production was induced by stimulation with serum-opsonized zymosan (OZ) and attenuated by p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580. Superoxides 0-10 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Bos taurus 101-104 12108546-0 2002 Spin adducts of superoxide, alkoxyl, and lipid-derived radicals with EMPO and its derivatives. Superoxides 16-26 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 12108546-1 2002 The compound 5-(ethoxycarbonyl)-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (EMPO) is a hydrophilic cyclic nitrone spin trap, which, in contrast to DMPO, forms a relatively stable superoxide adduct (t(1/2)=8.6 min) with an EPR spectrum similar to the respective DMPO adduct. Superoxides 165-175 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 100-104 11796720-11 2002 or hydroperoxides and intracellular generation of superoxide anion radicals inhibited VDR/RXR-dependent reporter gene activity in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 50-75 vitamin D receptor Homo sapiens 86-89 11796720-11 2002 or hydroperoxides and intracellular generation of superoxide anion radicals inhibited VDR/RXR-dependent reporter gene activity in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 50-75 retinoid X receptor alpha Homo sapiens 90-93 12069100-2 2002 Taken as an index for superoxide overproduction, a significant induction of superoxide dismutase activity was observed in complex V-deficient fibroblasts harboring the NARP-mutation in the ATPase 6 gene. Superoxides 22-32 neuronal pentraxin 2 Homo sapiens 168-172 12076090-2 2002 Tyrosine nitration by ONOO(-) has been shown in other model systems to inhibit the activity of the superoxide anion quenching enyzme, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), perhaps contributing to progression of disease. Superoxides 99-115 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 134-164 12076090-2 2002 Tyrosine nitration by ONOO(-) has been shown in other model systems to inhibit the activity of the superoxide anion quenching enyzme, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), perhaps contributing to progression of disease. Superoxides 99-115 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 166-171 12076093-0 2002 Ischemia-reperfusion injury of retinal endothelium by cyclooxygenase- and xanthine oxidase-derived superoxide. Superoxides 99-109 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 74-90 12076093-2 2002 The authors hypothesized that retinal endothelial cells can generate injurious levels of superoxide radical in response to ischemia/reperfusion, that endothelial xanthine oxidase and cyclooxygenase are important enzymatic sources of superoxide radical under these conditions, and that superoxide scavengers and inhibitors of these enzymes can protect endothelium from ischemic injury. Superoxides 89-107 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 162-178 12076093-2 2002 The authors hypothesized that retinal endothelial cells can generate injurious levels of superoxide radical in response to ischemia/reperfusion, that endothelial xanthine oxidase and cyclooxygenase are important enzymatic sources of superoxide radical under these conditions, and that superoxide scavengers and inhibitors of these enzymes can protect endothelium from ischemic injury. Superoxides 233-251 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 162-178 12076093-5 2002 MREC were injured in a duration-dependent fashion by exposure to the superoxide-generating mix of hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase. Superoxides 69-79 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 115-131 12076093-7 2002 Significant MREC protection was achieved by the superoxide scavengers SOD (1000 U ml(-1)) and a carboxylic acid derivative of carboxyfullerene (10 microM), the xanthine oxidase inhibitors oxypurinol (100 microM) and diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) (100 n M), and the cyclooxygenase inhibitors indomethacin (300 microM) and ibuprofen (300 microM). Superoxides 48-58 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 160-176 12076093-9 2002 Both xanthine oxidase- and cyclooxygenase-dependent pathways are important enzymatic sources of superoxide formation in this setting. Superoxides 96-106 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 5-21 11751190-1 2001 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a ubiquitous metalloenzyme in aerobic organisms that catalyzes the conversion of superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 111-127 superoxide dismutase Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv 22-25 11705402-1 2001 Activation of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase, a superoxide-generating enzyme, involves assembly of cytosolic p47(phox), p67(phox), and rac with the membrane-associated cytochrome b(558). Superoxides 45-55 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 165-177 11771135-3 2001 If the main electrogenic stage of the Q cycle is suggested to be the electron transfer between the cytochrome b hemes, then the rate of superoxide generation sharply increases when delta psi grows from 150 mV to 180 mV. Superoxides 136-146 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 99-111 11591612-8 2001 Differences of gp91phox expression in leukocytes and HUVECs correlate with differences in superoxide release. Superoxides 90-100 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 15-23 11795474-5 2001 Sensitivity of the cancer cell lines to curcumin correlated with the generation of superoxide radicals as determined by the reduction of ferricytochrome C. Curcumin-resistant tumor cell lines showed significantly higher production of Hsp70, thus mounting a stress response and protecting the cells from the apoptotic cell death. Superoxides 83-93 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 Homo sapiens 234-239 11566256-2 2001 The product of this gene is the large subunit of flavocytochrome b558, gp91phox, which forms the catalytic core of the antimicrobial superoxide-generating enzyme, NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 133-143 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 71-79 11562206-3 2001 In the presence of H(2)O(2), wild-type CcP, adsorbed on a graphite electrode, shows a strong catalytic reduction wave commencing at about 0.8V (pH 5.4); by contrast, H52Q does not exhibit this activity but instead shows a catalytic oxidation current at potentials in the region of 0.9 V. The oxidation current is partly suppressed in the presence of tetranitromethane (a superoxide scavenger) and is not observed for other mutants studied, including H52A. Superoxides 371-381 cytochrome-c peroxidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 39-42 11504692-9 2001 These data indicate that generation of O(2)(-) in BPASMCs in response to 5-HT is followed by an increase in intracellular H(2)O(2) that mediates 5-HT-induced mitogenesis through activation of ERK1/ERK2 but not of p38 MAP kinase. Superoxides 39-43 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Bos taurus 213-216 11522444-0 2001 Synthesis and biochemical applications of a solid cyclic nitrone spin trap: a relatively superior trap for detecting superoxide anions and glutathiyl radicals. Superoxides 117-134 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 65-69 11509539-8 2001 Direct exposure of VSM cells to increased superoxide levels by treatment with xanthine/xanthine oxidase increased ERK activation and MMP-9 induction, whereas pretreatment of cells with PD-98059 significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited xanthine/xanthine oxidase-stimulated ERK activation and MMP-9 induction. Superoxides 42-52 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Homo sapiens 133-138 11509539-8 2001 Direct exposure of VSM cells to increased superoxide levels by treatment with xanthine/xanthine oxidase increased ERK activation and MMP-9 induction, whereas pretreatment of cells with PD-98059 significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited xanthine/xanthine oxidase-stimulated ERK activation and MMP-9 induction. Superoxides 42-52 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Homo sapiens 288-293 11509539-9 2001 We conclude that NO inhibits IL-1 beta-stimulated MMP-9 induction by inhibiting superoxide generation and subsequent ERK activation. Superoxides 80-90 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Homo sapiens 50-55 11498285-0 2001 v-Ha-RaS oncogene upregulates the 92-kDa type IV collagenase (MMP-9) gene by increasing cellular superoxide production and activating NF-kappaB. Superoxides 97-107 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Rattus norvegicus 34-60 11498285-0 2001 v-Ha-RaS oncogene upregulates the 92-kDa type IV collagenase (MMP-9) gene by increasing cellular superoxide production and activating NF-kappaB. Superoxides 97-107 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Rattus norvegicus 62-67 11498285-3 2001 v-Ha-Ras mediated the production of superoxide in Ras-transfected cells, which was associated with upregulated MMP-9 gene expression. Superoxides 36-46 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Rattus norvegicus 111-116 11498285-7 2001 Our findings identify an important role for Ras in the regulation of MMP-9 expression, and suggest that increased superoxide production can upregulate MMP-9 expression and thus contribute to malignant conversion. Superoxides 114-124 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Rattus norvegicus 151-156 11454569-2 2001 The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG) CoA reductase inhibitor fluvastatin on superoxide anion (O2-) production and ICAM-1 expression in a rat model with vascular remodeling induced by pressure overload. Superoxides 139-155 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase Rattus norvegicus 67-113 11454569-2 2001 The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG) CoA reductase inhibitor fluvastatin on superoxide anion (O2-) production and ICAM-1 expression in a rat model with vascular remodeling induced by pressure overload. Superoxides 157-159 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase Rattus norvegicus 67-113 11511930-2 2001 The product of this gene is the large subunit of flavocytochrome b558, gp91phox, the catalytic core of the superoxide-generating enzyme, NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 107-117 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 71-79 11457772-0 2001 Contribution of CD54 to human eosinophil and neutrophil superoxide production. Superoxides 56-66 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 16-20 11457772-2 2001 However, the role of CD54 in eosinophil and neutrophil superoxide production is still uncertain. Superoxides 55-65 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 21-25 11457772-4 2001 Anti-CD54 monoclonal antibody attenuated leukocyte aggregation and superoxide production of rGM-CSF- or PMA-stimulated neutrophils and PMA-stimulated eosinophils. Superoxides 67-77 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 5-9 11457772-4 2001 Anti-CD54 monoclonal antibody attenuated leukocyte aggregation and superoxide production of rGM-CSF- or PMA-stimulated neutrophils and PMA-stimulated eosinophils. Superoxides 67-77 colony stimulating factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 92-99 11457772-9 2001 These data demonstrated that CD54 and CD18 interaction of eosinophils or neutrophils is involved in superoxide production and that the inhibition of superoxide production by theophylline may be at least partly due to the inhibition of CD54 and CD18. Superoxides 100-110 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 29-33 11500544-0 2001 Phospholipase D and phosphatidic acid-mediated generation of superoxide in Arabidopsis. Superoxides 61-71 phospholipase D alpha 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 0-15 11500544-3 2001 Addition of PA promoted the synthesis of superoxide in the PLD alpha-depleted plants, as measured by chemiluminescence and superoxide dismutase-inhibitable, NADPH-dependent reduction of cytochrome c and nitroblue tetrazolium. Superoxides 41-51 phospholipase D alpha 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 59-62 11500544-7 2001 The added PA was more effective in stimulating superoxide generation in the PLD alpha-depleted leaves than in the PLD alpha-containing, wild-type leaves, suggesting that PA produced in the cell was more effective than added PA in promoting superoxide production. Superoxides 47-57 phospholipase D alpha 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 76-79 11500544-7 2001 The added PA was more effective in stimulating superoxide generation in the PLD alpha-depleted leaves than in the PLD alpha-containing, wild-type leaves, suggesting that PA produced in the cell was more effective than added PA in promoting superoxide production. Superoxides 240-250 phospholipase D alpha 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 76-79 11500544-8 2001 These data indicate that PLD plays a role in mediating superoxide production in plants through the generation of PA as a lipid messenger. Superoxides 55-65 phospholipase D alpha 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 25-28 11435314-8 2001 The changes in the splicing pattern of the transcripts and the prolonged effect on superoxide-generating ability of patient neutrophils indicate that IFN-gamma induced a partial correction of the abnormal splicing of CYBB gene transcripts in myeloid progenitor cells. Superoxides 83-93 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 217-221 11545248-7 2001 PRINCIPAL CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the inhibitory activity of PDE4 inhibitors on fMLP-induced production of superoxide anion production is mediated by db-cAMP rather than IL-10. Superoxides 122-138 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 185-190 11376945-1 2001 gp91phox is the catalytic subunit of the respiratory burst oxidase, an NADPH-dependent, superoxide generating enzyme present in phagocytes. Superoxides 88-98 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 0-8 11278678-2 2001 Genetic targeting studies in mice showed that Rac2 is an essential regulator of neutrophil chemotaxis, L-selectin capture and rolling, and superoxide production. Superoxides 139-149 Rac family small GTPase 2 Mus musculus 46-50 11394942-2 2001 In the in vitro study, the significant production of superoxide anion that was identified 3 hours after application of 10% whole blood to the rat aortic segments was inhibited by rebamipide (100 and 300 microM) and these results were correlated with the in vitro intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression on the femoral artery. Superoxides 53-69 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 263-296 11394942-2 2001 In the in vitro study, the significant production of superoxide anion that was identified 3 hours after application of 10% whole blood to the rat aortic segments was inhibited by rebamipide (100 and 300 microM) and these results were correlated with the in vitro intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression on the femoral artery. Superoxides 53-69 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 298-304 11120743-0 2001 Roles for beta II-protein kinase C and RACK1 in positive and negative signaling for superoxide anion generation in differentiated HL60 cells. Superoxides 84-100 receptor for activated C kinase 1 Homo sapiens 39-44 11120743-12 2001 Alternatively, RACK1 may sequester betaII-PKC to down-regulate O(2) generation. Superoxides 63-67 receptor for activated C kinase 1 Homo sapiens 15-20 11165257-3 2001 In contrast, the up-regulation of PDF1.2 transcript was mediated through a pathway involving O(2)(&z.rad;-) directly. Superoxides 93-97 protodermal factor 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 34-38 11156938-7 2001 Superoxide release was restored in p47phox-deficient microglia that were retrovirally transduced with human p47phox cDNA. Superoxides 0-10 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 35-42 11156938-7 2001 Superoxide release was restored in p47phox-deficient microglia that were retrovirally transduced with human p47phox cDNA. Superoxides 0-10 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 108-115 11134900-5 2001 In one of the mutants (lsd1) induction of PCD has been attributed to superoxide (O(2)(*)(-)). Superoxides 69-79 LSD1 zinc finger family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 23-27 11134900-5 2001 In one of the mutants (lsd1) induction of PCD has been attributed to superoxide (O(2)(*)(-)). Superoxides 81-85 LSD1 zinc finger family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 23-27 11168643-4 2001 Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-stimulated and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-induced superoxide formation was enhanced in peritoneal Mphi lacking TRAP; nitrite production in response to stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IFN-gamma was also increased. Superoxides 90-100 acid phosphatase 5, tartrate resistant Mus musculus 151-155 11208753-8 2001 NO release stimulated by eNOS agonists was followed by the generation of the NO scavenger superoxide. Superoxides 90-100 nitric oxide synthase, endothelial Oryctolagus cuniculus 25-29 11007780-1 2000 The superoxide (O(2))-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes consists of a membrane-associated flavocytochrome (cytochrome b(559)) and four cytosolic proteins, p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (Rac1 or -2). Superoxides 4-14 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 120-132 11007780-1 2000 The superoxide (O(2))-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes consists of a membrane-associated flavocytochrome (cytochrome b(559)) and four cytosolic proteins, p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (Rac1 or -2). Superoxides 4-14 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 227-231 11007780-1 2000 The superoxide (O(2))-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes consists of a membrane-associated flavocytochrome (cytochrome b(559)) and four cytosolic proteins, p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (Rac1 or -2). Superoxides 16-20 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 120-132 11120770-3 2000 This is shown to be a consequence of age-associated enhanced superoxide (.O(2)(-)) production with concomitant quenching of NO by the formation of peroxynitrite leading to nitrotyrosilation of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), a molecular footprint of increased peroxynitrite levels, which also increased with age. Superoxides 61-71 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 207-237 11120770-3 2000 This is shown to be a consequence of age-associated enhanced superoxide (.O(2)(-)) production with concomitant quenching of NO by the formation of peroxynitrite leading to nitrotyrosilation of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), a molecular footprint of increased peroxynitrite levels, which also increased with age. Superoxides 61-71 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 239-244 11067938-3 2000 Here we report that exogenously administrated superoxide, generated by the hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase system (HXXO) or by the redox cycler 2, 3-dimethoxy-1,4-naphtoquinone, caused a marked amplification of IL-1beta-primed, steady state, MMP-9 mRNA level and an increase in gelatinolytic activity in the conditioned medium. Superoxides 46-56 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Rattus norvegicus 240-245 11067938-11 2000 Our data identify superoxide as a costimulatory factor amplifying cytokine-induced MMP-9 expression by interfering with the signaling cascades leading to the activation of AP-1 and NF-kappaB. Superoxides 18-28 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Rattus norvegicus 83-88 11084289-0 2000 Spin trapping of lipid radicals with DEPMPO-derived spin traps: detection of superoxide, alkyl and alkoxyl radicals in aqueous and lipid phase. Superoxides 77-87 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 11084289-0 2000 Spin trapping of lipid radicals with DEPMPO-derived spin traps: detection of superoxide, alkyl and alkoxyl radicals in aqueous and lipid phase. Superoxides 77-87 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 52-56 11084289-1 2000 The spin trap 5-(diethoxyphosphoryl)-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DEPMPO) forms a superoxide adduct with a half-life of almost 15 min. Superoxides 83-93 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 4-8 11084289-4 2000 As compared with the spin trap DMPO, the half-lives of the respective superoxide adducts were clearly higher in aqueous solutions of the spin traps, which facilitates qualitative ESR measurements. Superoxides 70-80 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 21-25 11084289-4 2000 As compared with the spin trap DMPO, the half-lives of the respective superoxide adducts were clearly higher in aqueous solutions of the spin traps, which facilitates qualitative ESR measurements. Superoxides 70-80 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 137-141 11084289-5 2000 The stability of the superoxide spin adducts formed with the various lipophilic spin traps in aqueous buffer were similar to those observed with DEPMPO (half-life: 7-11 min.). Superoxides 21-31 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 32-36 11084289-5 2000 The stability of the superoxide spin adducts formed with the various lipophilic spin traps in aqueous buffer were similar to those observed with DEPMPO (half-life: 7-11 min.). Superoxides 21-31 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 80-84 11037884-9 2000 Our findings suggest a model for PMN activation in which 2 stimuli are required for O2- production: a first signal that also activates PMN beta2 integrins, followed by a second, beta2 integrin-mediated signal, which occurs physiologically upon PMN binding to ICAM-1. Superoxides 84-86 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 259-265 11037884-10 2000 The requirement for this dual signal for PMN generation of O2- would serve as a regulatory mechanism to limit the production of O2- to a tissue environment where C1q, or some other stimulus, is colocalized with stromal cells bearing up-regulated ICAM-1. Superoxides 59-61 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 246-252 11037884-10 2000 The requirement for this dual signal for PMN generation of O2- would serve as a regulatory mechanism to limit the production of O2- to a tissue environment where C1q, or some other stimulus, is colocalized with stromal cells bearing up-regulated ICAM-1. Superoxides 128-130 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 246-252 10993214-4 2000 Although translocation of p47phox and p67phox to the membrane fraction by PMA-stimulation of intact and GCSF-treated neutrophils occurred in parallel with O2- production, that of CB-treated neutrophils by PMA-stimulation was not always proportional to O2- production. Superoxides 155-157 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 26-33 10954569-13 2000 Our results indicate that DEN-2 virus infection of human neuroblastoma cells triggers an apoptotic pathway through PLA(2) activation to superoxide anion generation and subsequently to NF-kappaB activation. Superoxides 136-152 phospholipase A2 group IIA Homo sapiens 115-121 10924079-7 2000 These results implicate superoxide, derived from both xanthine oxidase and NADPH oxidase, as mediators of the increased P-selectin expression observed in different regional vascular beds exposed to hemorrhage and retransfusion. Superoxides 24-34 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 54-70 10934088-10 2000 Effective CPAP therapy led to a rapid and long-lasting decrease of superoxide release in OSA. Superoxides 67-77 centromere protein J Homo sapiens 10-14 10934088-12 2000 The increased superoxide generation, which might have major impact on the development of cardiovascular disorders, is virtually fully reversed by effective CPAP therapy. Superoxides 14-24 centromere protein J Homo sapiens 156-160 10856708-0 2000 Phospholipase A2-mediated superoxide production of murine peritoneal macrophages induced by chrysotile stimulation. Superoxides 26-36 phospholipase A2, group IB, pancreas Mus musculus 0-16 10856708-3 2000 The PLA(2) and PKC inhibitors effectively inhibited the chrysotile-induced superoxide anion production of macrophages, but not the G-protein inhibitor, the 5-LO and COX inhibitors, and the PAF antagonist. Superoxides 75-91 phospholipase A2, group IB, pancreas Mus musculus 4-10 10856708-5 2000 The two structurally different PLA(2) inhibitors showed differential effects on the PMA-induced superoxide generation: pBPB inhibited it but mepacrine did not. Superoxides 96-106 phospholipase A2, group IB, pancreas Mus musculus 31-37 10856708-6 2000 These results suggested that (1) PLA(2) and PKC modulate the chrysotile-induced O(2) production, and (2) two different kinds of PLA(2) work upstream and downstream of PKC, but (3) G-protein, 5-LO and COX metabolites, and PAF have no modulatory role in the reaction. Superoxides 80-84 phospholipase A2, group IB, pancreas Mus musculus 33-39 10849115-9 2000 The degree of L-selectin expression on neutrophils was correlated with the intracellular signalling events and the related superoxide production. Superoxides 123-133 L-selectin Bos taurus 14-24 10833264-2 2000 The generation of superoxide from neutrophils of MPO-knockout mice was about 70% of that from wild-type mice. Superoxides 18-28 myeloperoxidase Mus musculus 49-52 11008352-1 2000 BACKGROUND: The cytosolic protein p47-phox (phagocyte oxidase) is one of the essential components of the superoxide generating system in phagocytes and its defect causes approximately 30% of the chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) cases. Superoxides 105-115 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 34-61 10770281-8 2000 CRP-mediated regulation occurs via the CRP-R because an IgM mouse mAb to the human CRP-R mimicked CRP-induced inhibition of O2- production and chemotaxis. Superoxides 124-126 C-reactive protein, pentraxin-related Mus musculus 0-3 10708546-2 2000 Among the cystathionine metabolites, cystathionine ketimine and N-acetyl-S-(3-oxo-3-carboxy-n-propyl) cysteine (NAc-OCPC) significantly enhanced the N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (fMLP)-induced superoxide generation, but cystathionine, NAc-cystathionine, and cyclothionine did not enhance the superoxide generation. Superoxides 201-211 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 112-115 10708546-2 2000 Among the cystathionine metabolites, cystathionine ketimine and N-acetyl-S-(3-oxo-3-carboxy-n-propyl) cysteine (NAc-OCPC) significantly enhanced the N-formylmethionylleucylphenylalanine (fMLP)-induced superoxide generation, but cystathionine, NAc-cystathionine, and cyclothionine did not enhance the superoxide generation. Superoxides 300-310 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 112-115 10708546-3 2000 Cystathionine ketimine and NAc-OCPC also enhanced superoxide generation induced by opsonized zymosan (OZ) but not that induced by arachidonic acid (AA) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Superoxides 50-60 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 27-30 10730825-3 2000 This raises questions as to the conclusion of a NAD(P)H oxidase as the major source of endothelial superoxide. Superoxides 99-109 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 48-55 10730825-7 2000 Our results demonstrate that a NAD(P)H-dependent oxidase is an important source for endothelial superoxide but the latter, however, cannot be measured reliably by lucigenin. Superoxides 96-106 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 31-38 10836209-4 2000 The extract effectively scavenged superoxide anion, produced by hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase reaction and hydroxyl radical, produced by Fenton reaction. Superoxides 34-50 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 77-93 10706597-0 2000 In vitro knockout of human p47phox blocks superoxide anion production and LDL oxidation by activated human monocytes. Superoxides 42-58 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 27-34 10706597-6 2000 As sense ODN caused no inhibition of O(2)(.-) production, these results suggested that inhibition of p47phox expression caused reduction in O(2)(.-) production. Superoxides 140-144 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 101-108 10625313-0 2000 Effects of long-term nitroglycerin treatment on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS III) gene expression, NOS III-mediated superoxide production, and vascular NO bioavailability. Superoxides 126-136 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 109-116 10625313-11 2000 Likewise, A23187-induced, NOS III-mediated O(2)(.-) production was more pronounced in tolerant than in control vessels. Superoxides 43-47 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 26-33 10625313-13 2000 Pretreatment of tolerant tissue in vitro with the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors reduced basal and stimulated NOS III-mediated O(2)(.-) production and partially reversed vascular tolerance. Superoxides 130-134 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 113-120 10625313-14 2000 These findings suggest that NTG treatment increases the expression of a dysfunctional NOS III gene, leading to increased formation of O(2)(.-) and decreased vascular NO bioavailability. Superoxides 134-138 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 86-93 10625313-15 2000 Normalization of NOS III-mediated O(2)(. Superoxides 34-38 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 17-24 10673720-1 2000 We have comparatively evaluated the efficiency of a series of retroviral vectors transducing the gp91-phox gene, whose defects are responsible for impaired production of superoxide anion (O2-) by phagocytic cells and lead to the X-linked form of chronic granulomatous disease (X-CGD). Superoxides 170-186 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 97-106 10673720-1 2000 We have comparatively evaluated the efficiency of a series of retroviral vectors transducing the gp91-phox gene, whose defects are responsible for impaired production of superoxide anion (O2-) by phagocytic cells and lead to the X-linked form of chronic granulomatous disease (X-CGD). Superoxides 188-190 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 97-106 10673720-7 2000 These clones revealed a markedly heterogeneous pattern of gp91-phox expression, ranging from complete silencing to full restoration of superoxide production. Superoxides 135-145 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 58-67 10591153-4 1999 Thus, we studied the mechanism of inhibition of neutrophil superoxide (O2*-) generation by pravastatin and found that pravastatin at 0.5 mM inhibited the receptor-mediated tyrosine kinase (TK)-dependent pathway of O2*- generation and also luminol chemiluminescence but not the protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent or the TK- and PKC-independent pathways of O2*- generation in neutrophils. Superoxides 59-69 TXK tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 172-187 10591153-4 1999 Thus, we studied the mechanism of inhibition of neutrophil superoxide (O2*-) generation by pravastatin and found that pravastatin at 0.5 mM inhibited the receptor-mediated tyrosine kinase (TK)-dependent pathway of O2*- generation and also luminol chemiluminescence but not the protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent or the TK- and PKC-independent pathways of O2*- generation in neutrophils. Superoxides 59-69 TXK tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 189-191 10591153-4 1999 Thus, we studied the mechanism of inhibition of neutrophil superoxide (O2*-) generation by pravastatin and found that pravastatin at 0.5 mM inhibited the receptor-mediated tyrosine kinase (TK)-dependent pathway of O2*- generation and also luminol chemiluminescence but not the protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent or the TK- and PKC-independent pathways of O2*- generation in neutrophils. Superoxides 71-73 TXK tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 172-187 10591153-4 1999 Thus, we studied the mechanism of inhibition of neutrophil superoxide (O2*-) generation by pravastatin and found that pravastatin at 0.5 mM inhibited the receptor-mediated tyrosine kinase (TK)-dependent pathway of O2*- generation and also luminol chemiluminescence but not the protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent or the TK- and PKC-independent pathways of O2*- generation in neutrophils. Superoxides 214-216 TXK tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 172-187 10591153-4 1999 Thus, we studied the mechanism of inhibition of neutrophil superoxide (O2*-) generation by pravastatin and found that pravastatin at 0.5 mM inhibited the receptor-mediated tyrosine kinase (TK)-dependent pathway of O2*- generation and also luminol chemiluminescence but not the protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent or the TK- and PKC-independent pathways of O2*- generation in neutrophils. Superoxides 214-216 TXK tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 189-191 10591153-4 1999 Thus, we studied the mechanism of inhibition of neutrophil superoxide (O2*-) generation by pravastatin and found that pravastatin at 0.5 mM inhibited the receptor-mediated tyrosine kinase (TK)-dependent pathway of O2*- generation and also luminol chemiluminescence but not the protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent or the TK- and PKC-independent pathways of O2*- generation in neutrophils. Superoxides 214-216 TXK tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 172-187 10591153-4 1999 Thus, we studied the mechanism of inhibition of neutrophil superoxide (O2*-) generation by pravastatin and found that pravastatin at 0.5 mM inhibited the receptor-mediated tyrosine kinase (TK)-dependent pathway of O2*- generation and also luminol chemiluminescence but not the protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent or the TK- and PKC-independent pathways of O2*- generation in neutrophils. Superoxides 214-216 TXK tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 189-191 10574916-4 1999 We show that O-(2) is kinetically more efficient and chemically more specific oxidant than H(2)O(2) for inactivating PTP-1B. Superoxides 13-18 protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 117-123 10609048-3 1999 Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) is a scavenger of superoxide. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 32-38 10694034-8 1999 An increased formation rate of O2*- was observed in damaged PSII where the SOD activity decreased following a treatment with a free radical-generating system. Superoxides 31-33 SOD Triticum aestivum 75-78 10586945-3 1999 This study was intended to determine whether retinal soluble proteins such as S-antigen and interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) play a role in the induction of *NO and superoxide by a macrophage cell line and by rat and rabbit peritoneal macrophages. Superoxides 183-193 retinol binding protein 3 Rattus norvegicus 137-141 10586945-7 1999 Superoxide production was measured by superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of cytochrome C. RESULTS: Both S-antigen and IRBP induced significant, dose-dependent nitrite production in RAW 264.7 and rat peritoneal macrophages. Superoxides 0-10 retinol binding protein 3 Rattus norvegicus 126-130 10578014-2 1999 As one component of NADPH oxidase in neutrophils, gp91-phox is responsible for catalyzing the production of superoxide (O(2).(2)). Superoxides 108-118 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 50-59 10578014-2 1999 As one component of NADPH oxidase in neutrophils, gp91-phox is responsible for catalyzing the production of superoxide (O(2).(2)). Superoxides 120-124 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 50-59 10527939-3 1999 The overall oxidation of NADPH occurred similarly in the absence of O(2) and was insensitive to scavengers of the superoxide radical anion. Superoxides 68-72 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 25-30 10578126-3 1999 3 PP1, an inhibitor of the src-family of protein tyrosine kinases, inhibited adhesion and CD11b/CD18-mediated superoxide anion generation with similar potencies (pEC50s=-5.53 and -5.99 respectively) suggesting that inhibition of the NADPH oxidase was a direct consequence of blocking adhesion. Superoxides 110-126 integrin subunit alpha M Homo sapiens 90-95 10550898-6 1999 We suggest that the spreading lesion phenotype of lsd1 results from a lack of up-regulation of a CuZnSOD responsible for detoxification of accumulating superoxide before the reactive oxygen species can trigger a cell death cascade. Superoxides 152-162 LSD1 zinc finger family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 50-54 10540223-2 1999 Superoxide generation associated with respiratory burst is largely dependent on the assembly of the NADPH oxidase complex in the membrane, consisting of membrane-bound cytochrome b558 and translocated p47phox and p67phox. Superoxides 0-10 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 168-180 10540223-2 1999 Superoxide generation associated with respiratory burst is largely dependent on the assembly of the NADPH oxidase complex in the membrane, consisting of membrane-bound cytochrome b558 and translocated p47phox and p67phox. Superoxides 0-10 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 201-208 10511130-10 1999 This effect on the cNOS pathway seems to attenuate the superoxide anion accumulation induced by nitroglycerin exposure (probably via a downregulation of oxidative enzyme). Superoxides 55-71 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 19-23 10485709-0 1999 Cell transformation by the superoxide-generating oxidase Mox1. Superoxides 27-37 mesenchyme homeobox 1 Mus musculus 57-61 10485709-5 1999 Here we describe the cloning of mox1, which encodes a homologue of the catalytic subunit of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes, gp91phox. Superoxides 96-106 mesenchyme homeobox 1 Mus musculus 32-36 10485709-7 1999 In smooth-muscle cells, platelet-derived growth factor induces mox1 mRNA production, while antisense mox1 mRNA decreases superoxide generation and serum-stimulated growth. Superoxides 121-131 mesenchyme homeobox 1 Mus musculus 101-105 10485709-8 1999 Overexpression of mox1 in NIH3T3 cells increases superoxide generation and cell growth. Superoxides 49-59 mesenchyme homeobox 1 Mus musculus 18-22 10485318-5 1999 These findings suggest that MnSOD in peroxisomes may play an important role in the dismutation of superoxide generated on the peroxisomal membrane for keeping the delicate balance of the redox state. Superoxides 98-108 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 28-33 10348862-8 1999 In addition, when a microaerophilic culture entered into the stationary phase at 20 days, transcription of hmp increased to a small extent after exposure to S-nitrosoglutathione (a nitric oxide [NO] releaser) and sodium nitroprusside (an NO+ donor) and decreased after exposure to paraquat (a superoxide generator) and H2O2. Superoxides 293-303 inner membrane mitochondrial protein Homo sapiens 107-110 10318800-6 1999 In contrast, the superoxide radical seemed to bypass the intermediate state since NADPH had very little ability to prevent the superoxide radical from converting catalase to compound II. Superoxides 17-35 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 82-87 10318800-8 1999 Very little NADPH oxidation occurred when NADPH was exposed to catalase, H2O2, or the superoxide radical separately. Superoxides 86-96 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 42-47 10318872-9 1999 Analyses of the biological activities showed that hMBPH had effects similar to hMBP in cell killing and neutrophil (superoxide anion production and interleukin-8 release) and basophil (histamine and leukotriene C4 release) stimulation assays, but usually with reduced potency. Superoxides 116-132 proteoglycan 3, pro eosinophil major basic protein 2 Homo sapiens 50-55 10092521-0 1999 Uncompetitive inhibition of superoxide generation by a synthetic peptide corresponding to a predicted NADPH binding site in gp91-phox, a component of the phagocyte respiratory oxidase. Superoxides 28-38 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 124-133 10092521-1 1999 The large subunit of cytochrome b558, gp91-phox, is believed to play a key role in superoxide generation in neutrophils by accepting electrons from NADPH and donating them to molecular oxygen. Superoxides 83-93 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 21-33 10092521-1 1999 The large subunit of cytochrome b558, gp91-phox, is believed to play a key role in superoxide generation in neutrophils by accepting electrons from NADPH and donating them to molecular oxygen. Superoxides 83-93 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 38-47 10092521-2 1999 We found that a peptide corresponding to a predicted NADPH binding site in gp91-phox inhibited superoxide generation in a cell-free system consisting of neutrophil membrane and cytosol. Superoxides 95-105 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 75-84 10092643-1 1999 Neuronal nitric-oxide synthase (NOS I) in the absence of L-arginine has previously been shown to generate superoxide (O-2) (Pou, S., Pou, W. S., Bredt, D. S., Snyder, S. H., and Rosen, G. M. (1992) J. Biol. Superoxides 106-116 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 118-121 10188770-7 1999 Our in vitro studies suggest that enhanced release of these four mediators (nitric oxide, TNF-alpha, thromboxane B2, and matrix metalloproteinase-9) during stimulation of BMphi with LPS might play a critical role in the subsequent ability of BMphi to generate O2- in vivo. Superoxides 260-262 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Rattus norvegicus 121-147 9920929-2 1999 In this process, both activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and induction of superoxide anion (O-2) production are required. Superoxides 76-92 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 94-97 10048761-1 1999 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is an enzyme that functions in the mitochondria to detoxify superoxide radicals. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 32-37 9872931-3 1999 A constitutive cellular production of low levels of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide originates from various sources; among these, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), the plasma membrane-bound activity in charge of metabolizing extracellular reduced glutathione, has recently been included. Superoxides 52-62 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 131-160 9872931-3 1999 A constitutive cellular production of low levels of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide originates from various sources; among these, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), the plasma membrane-bound activity in charge of metabolizing extracellular reduced glutathione, has recently been included. Superoxides 52-62 inactive glutathione hydrolase 2 Homo sapiens 162-165 9880404-1 1999 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE--Endothelin-1, in concentrations similar to that present in cerebrospinal fluid after fluid percussion brain injury (FPI), increases superoxide anion (O2-) production. Superoxides 156-172 endothelin-1 Sus scrofa 24-36 9880404-1 1999 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE--Endothelin-1, in concentrations similar to that present in cerebrospinal fluid after fluid percussion brain injury (FPI), increases superoxide anion (O2-) production. Superoxides 174-176 endothelin-1 Sus scrofa 24-36 9815227-2 1998 Incubation with 20-100 ng/mL IL-10 for 2-3 days decreased the fungicidal activity of monocytes against serum-opsonized C. albicans blastoconidia (P</=.04), reduced their capacity to damage unopsonized hyphae (P</=.006), and suppressed superoxide anion production in response to phorbol myristate acetate (P=.019) and N-FMLP (P=.04) but not to serum-opsonized blastoconidia. Superoxides 241-257 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 29-34 10048134-3 1998 Individual PCB congeners, varying in pattern and extent of chlorination, were tested for their ability to stimulate production of O2- and/or to enhance the response to protein kinase C activation by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Superoxides 130-132 pyruvate carboxylase Rattus norvegicus 11-14 9763465-6 1998 Staurosporine caused a significant increase in caspase-1-like activity that preceded intracellular superoxide production and reached a maximum after 30 min. Superoxides 99-109 caspase 1 Rattus norvegicus 47-56 9763465-9 1998 In contrast, treatment with caspase-1-like protease inhibitors reduced both superoxide production and cell death. Superoxides 76-86 caspase 1 Rattus norvegicus 28-37 9801159-0 1998 Impaired production of nitric oxide, superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide in glucose 6-phosphate-dehydrogenase-deficient granulocytes. Superoxides 37-47 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 74-107 9856476-1 1998 A membrane-bound cytochrome b558, a heterodimer consisting of gp91-phox and p22-phox, is a critical component of the superoxide (O2-)-generating reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in phagocytes. Superoxides 117-127 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 17-29 9856476-1 1998 A membrane-bound cytochrome b558, a heterodimer consisting of gp91-phox and p22-phox, is a critical component of the superoxide (O2-)-generating reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in phagocytes. Superoxides 117-127 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 62-71 9856476-1 1998 A membrane-bound cytochrome b558, a heterodimer consisting of gp91-phox and p22-phox, is a critical component of the superoxide (O2-)-generating reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in phagocytes. Superoxides 129-131 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 17-29 9856476-1 1998 A membrane-bound cytochrome b558, a heterodimer consisting of gp91-phox and p22-phox, is a critical component of the superoxide (O2-)-generating reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in phagocytes. Superoxides 129-131 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 62-71 9856484-0 1998 Drug-selected complete restoration of superoxide generation in Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B cells from p47phox-deficient chronic granulomatous disease patients by using a bicistronic retrovirus vector encoding a human multi-drug resistance gene (MDR1) and the p47phox gene. Superoxides 38-48 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 107-114 9856484-2 1998 One-third of the cases of CGD in the USA and Europe results from defects in the gene encoding p47phox, a cytoplasmic component of NADPH oxidase for superoxide generation. Superoxides 148-158 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 94-101 9716559-1 1998 The corpus luteum expresses two enzymes that scavenge superoxide radicals and protect the cells from their toxic activities: cytosolic copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) and mitochondrial manganese-SOD (Mn-SOD). Superoxides 54-64 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 199-212 9712892-1 1998 In the absence of L-arginine, the heme center of the oxygenase domain of neuronal nitric-oxide synthase reduces molecular oxygen to superoxide (O-2). Superoxides 132-142 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 144-147 9660749-0 1998 A Rac1 effector site controlling mitogenesis through superoxide production. Superoxides 53-63 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 2-6 9660749-5 1998 Treatment of cells with agents that abolish superoxide generation inhibits specifically the mitogenic effect of Rac1. Superoxides 44-54 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 112-116 9660749-6 1998 Our results identify an effector site in Rac1 that is necessary for mitogenic signaling and implicate superoxide generation as a candidate effector pathway of Rac1-dependent cell growth. Superoxides 102-112 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 41-45 9660749-6 1998 Our results identify an effector site in Rac1 that is necessary for mitogenic signaling and implicate superoxide generation as a candidate effector pathway of Rac1-dependent cell growth. Superoxides 102-112 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 159-163 9694155-4 1998 Full reconstitution of superoxide-generating activity was achieved with this vector in a gp91-phox-deficient cell line. Superoxides 23-33 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 89-98 9651192-4 1998 Although only VCAM-1 stimulated EOS superoxide anion (O2-) generation, the addition of GM-CSF (100 pM) to the reactions resulted in a greater and equivalent production of O2- with VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. Superoxides 171-173 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 191-197 9624165-2 1998 Rac1 and Rac2 are specifically required for superoxide formation by components of the NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 44-54 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 10189055-3 1998 This study evaluated the effects of mammalian tachykinins and selective tachykinin agonists and antagonists on human monocytes isolated from healthy donors: SP, NKA and NKB all evoked a dose-dependent superoxide anion (O2-) production and the NK2 selective agonist [beta-Ala8]-NKA(4-10) induced a full response. Superoxides 219-221 tachykinin receptor 2 Homo sapiens 243-246 9582295-3 1998 In such studies 3-morpholinosydnonimine N-ethylcarbamide (SIN-1), a compound that simultaneously releases nitric oxide (.NO) and superoxide (O-2), is often used as a source for peroxynitrite. Superoxides 129-139 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 141-144 9585526-1 1998 The small molecular weight GTP-binding protein Rac (1 or 2) is an obligatory participant in the activation of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 114-124 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 47-58 9581796-7 1998 In LPS-activated Kupffer cells, the elevated expression of glucose transporter GLUT1 and G6PD mainly serves primed production of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide. Superoxides 129-145 solute carrier family 2 member 1 Homo sapiens 79-84 9581796-7 1998 In LPS-activated Kupffer cells, the elevated expression of glucose transporter GLUT1 and G6PD mainly serves primed production of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and nitric oxide. Superoxides 129-145 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 89-93 9522177-10 1998 The difficulty in the purification of TPH lies not only in its subjectivity to proteolysis, but more importantly in its probable capacity to produce superoxide leading to hydrogen perioxide formation. Superoxides 149-159 tryptophan hydroxylase 1 Rattus norvegicus 38-41 9525996-1 1998 Constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) with insufficient cofactor (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (H4B) may generate damaging superoxide (O2-). Superoxides 130-140 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 0-34 9525996-1 1998 Constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) with insufficient cofactor (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (H4B) may generate damaging superoxide (O2-). Superoxides 130-140 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 36-40 9525996-1 1998 Constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) with insufficient cofactor (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (H4B) may generate damaging superoxide (O2-). Superoxides 142-144 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 0-34 9525996-1 1998 Constitutive nitric oxide synthase (cNOS) with insufficient cofactor (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobiopterin (H4B) may generate damaging superoxide (O2-). Superoxides 142-144 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 36-40 9525996-2 1998 This study was designed to determine whether cNOS-dependent generation of O2- occurs in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) before the onset of hypertension. Superoxides 74-76 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 45-49 9525996-9 1998 Furthermore, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine inhibited the generation of cNOS-dependent O2- by approximately 70%. Superoxides 81-83 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 66-70 9525996-12 1998 Thus, dysfunctional cNOS may be a source of O2- in prehypertensive SHR and contribute to the development of hypertension and its vascular complications. Superoxides 44-46 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 20-24 9635370-3 1998 METHODS: Stimulus induced superoxide anion (O2-) production in response to PMA (200 ng/mL), fMLP (1 mumol/L), platelet activating factor (PAF, 2 mumol/L) priming of the fMLP induced response, and opsonized zymosan OZ (1 mg/mL) was measured. Superoxides 26-42 peroxisomal biogenesis factor 6 Homo sapiens 138-144 9635370-3 1998 METHODS: Stimulus induced superoxide anion (O2-) production in response to PMA (200 ng/mL), fMLP (1 mumol/L), platelet activating factor (PAF, 2 mumol/L) priming of the fMLP induced response, and opsonized zymosan OZ (1 mg/mL) was measured. Superoxides 44-46 peroxisomal biogenesis factor 6 Homo sapiens 138-144 9461621-2 1998 Anionic amphiphiles, such as arachidonate, activate the superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase in a cell-free system with human neutrophil membrane, which contains cytochrome b558 comprising gp91(phox) and p22(phox), and three cytosolic proteins: p47(phox) and p67(phox), each harboring two SH3 domains, and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 56-66 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 170-182 9509850-6 1998 The results confirmed that superoxide radicals play an important role in the pathogenesis of DDC-induced gastric ulcer in rats and suggested that NADPH (reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate) oxidase in PAF-activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes may be involved in the generation of these radicals. Superoxides 27-37 PCNA clamp associated factor Rattus norvegicus 217-220 9475178-5 1998 The activity of tyrosinase, the key enzyme of melanin biosynthesis, is influenced by the thioredoxin level and by superoxide radicals. Superoxides 114-124 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 16-26 9475178-6 1998 Low thioredoxin levels and high superoxide concentrations activate tyrosinase causing hyperpigmentation of the skin. Superoxides 32-42 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 67-77 9785091-2 1997 In cells of young healthy subjects the elastin peptides, the agonists of receptor, stimulated both superoxide anion release from PMNs and phagocytosis of coated human red cells by monocytes. Superoxides 99-115 elastin Homo sapiens 39-46 9386357-3 1997 The PAM model suggested that TNF-alpha and GM-CSF could activate PAM to restrict the intracellular growth of the bacteria, probably not through the superoxide anion release, but through the myeloperoxidasae-halide system. Superoxides 148-164 peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase Homo sapiens 65-68 9360390-2 1997 First, superoxide generation was elevated excessive extent, 200-600 fold in the alveolar lavage fluid (BALF), by induction of xanthine oxidase which becomes maximal at about 8 days after infection while virus yield becomes maximum on day 4. Superoxides 7-17 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 126-142 9329679-3 1997 Pre-treatment with SOD diminishes the enhancement of vasoconstriction by A beta peptides, suggesting that the effects are partly mediated via a decrease in the nitric oxide/superoxide ratio. Superoxides 173-183 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 73-79 9228059-4 1997 Mutually facilitated binding (EC50) of Rac1 and p67(phox) within the NADPH oxidase complex was demonstrated using steady state kinetic methods measuring NADPH-dependent superoxide generation. Superoxides 169-179 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 39-43 9223297-2 1997 PLC beta2 deficiency did not affect hematopoiesis, but it blocked chemoattractant-induced Ca2+ release, superoxide production, and MAC-1 up-regulation in neutrophils. Superoxides 104-114 phospholipase C, beta 2 Mus musculus 0-9 9272645-4 1997 Superoxide anion production by the cells was stimulated by OZ, PMA, Abeta (1-40), and Abeta (25-35). Superoxides 0-16 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 68-73 9272645-4 1997 Superoxide anion production by the cells was stimulated by OZ, PMA, Abeta (1-40), and Abeta (25-35). Superoxides 0-16 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 86-91 9177307-0 1997 Synthetic peptides corresponding to various hydrophilic regions of the large subunit of cytochrome b558 inhibit superoxide generation in a cell-free system from neutrophils. Superoxides 112-122 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 88-100 9177307-1 1997 Cytochrome b558 is a component of the superoxide-generating system in neutrophils and plays key roles in both the assembly of a functional complex with cytosolic proteins and shuttling an electron from NADPH to molecular oxygen. Superoxides 38-48 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 0-12 9142021-12 1997 Peripheral blood neutrophils from untreated septic animals and septic-nitric oxide animals exhibited significant (p < .05) up-regulation of CD18 receptor expression and oxidant activity (10.5 +/- 0.9 and 5.0 +/- 0.9 nmol of superoxide anion/10(6) neutrophils/10 mins, respectively) compared with both control and control-nitric oxide animals (3.0 +/- 0.6 and 2.6 +/- 0.2 nmol of superoxide anion/10(6) neutrophils/10 mins, respectively). Superoxides 227-243 integrin subunit beta 2 Sus scrofa 143-147 9142021-12 1997 Peripheral blood neutrophils from untreated septic animals and septic-nitric oxide animals exhibited significant (p < .05) up-regulation of CD18 receptor expression and oxidant activity (10.5 +/- 0.9 and 5.0 +/- 0.9 nmol of superoxide anion/10(6) neutrophils/10 mins, respectively) compared with both control and control-nitric oxide animals (3.0 +/- 0.6 and 2.6 +/- 0.2 nmol of superoxide anion/10(6) neutrophils/10 mins, respectively). Superoxides 382-398 integrin subunit beta 2 Sus scrofa 143-147 9065490-8 1997 The tyrosine kinases Lyn, Syk, and FAK were activated on exposure of microglia and THP1 monocytes to Abeta, resulting in the tyrosine kinase-dependent generation of superoxide radicals. Superoxides 165-175 spleen associated tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 26-29 9155653-0 1997 Modulatory effect of interleukin-10 on the production of platelet-activating factor and superoxide anions by human leucocytes. Superoxides 88-105 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 21-35 9155653-6 1997 Moreover, IL-10 was shown to modulate the production of superoxide anions (O2-) on both MO and PMN. Superoxides 56-73 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 10-15 9155653-6 1997 Moreover, IL-10 was shown to modulate the production of superoxide anions (O2-) on both MO and PMN. Superoxides 75-77 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 10-15 9155653-7 1997 As suggested by previous studies, IL-10 inhibited the delayed production of O2-. Superoxides 76-78 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 34-39 9155653-8 1997 In the present study, we observed that IL-10 directly stimulated an early production of O2-. Superoxides 88-90 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 39-44 9155653-9 1997 In addition, IL-10 enhanced the synthesis of O2- by MO and PMN challenged with LPS. Superoxides 45-47 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 13-18 9155653-10 1997 The IL-10-induced O2- production was dependent, at least in part, from its effect on PAF synthesis, as it was inhibited by the PAF receptor antagonist WEB 2170. Superoxides 18-20 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 4-9 9155653-11 1997 These results suggest that IL-10 may upregulate the early synthesis of PAF and O2- triggered by direct LPS stimulation, whereas it may downregulate the delayed production of these mediators. Superoxides 79-81 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 27-32 9060453-1 1997 The NADPH oxidase that produces superoxide in professional phagocytic cells is a flavocytochrome b electron transport chain in the membrane, a heterodimer of gp91phox and p22phox, that is activated by a number of cytosolic proteins, including p47phox, p67phox, and the small GTP-binding protein p21rac, which translocate to the membrane and attach to the flavocytochrome on activation. Superoxides 32-42 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 158-166 9060453-1 1997 The NADPH oxidase that produces superoxide in professional phagocytic cells is a flavocytochrome b electron transport chain in the membrane, a heterodimer of gp91phox and p22phox, that is activated by a number of cytosolic proteins, including p47phox, p67phox, and the small GTP-binding protein p21rac, which translocate to the membrane and attach to the flavocytochrome on activation. Superoxides 32-42 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 243-250 9006926-4 1997 Under aerobic conditions O2 acts as the electron acceptor and is reduced to produce superoxide (O-2). Superoxides 84-94 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 96-99 9452788-3 1997 NAC treatment caused a decrease in the production of superoxide anions by stimulated neutrophils and the improvement of their phagocytic capacity although it did not affect their random or chemotactic migration. Superoxides 53-70 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 0-3 8977206-3 1997 IL-10 (2-20 ng/ml)-pretreated MNCs exhibited approximately 40% suppression of superoxide anion (02-) production in response to PMA and FMLP (p < or = 0.003), and anti-IL-10 containing supernatant neutralized the IL-10 effect. Superoxides 78-94 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 0-5 8996210-9 1997 Superoxide anion production (cytochrome c reduction) by activated neutrophils was reduced by CGS-21680 from 33.8 +/- 5.0 to 8.9 +/- 3.6 nmol/5 min/5 x 10(5) cells (P < .05 vs. PAF-stimulated group). Superoxides 0-16 cytochrome c, somatic Canis lupus familiaris 29-41 9180345-3 1997 K-elastin (KE) significantly stimulated the production of superoxide anion by PMNs from middle-aged subjects, while this stimulation decreased with age and was absent in PMNs of elderly arteriosclerotic patients. Superoxides 58-74 elastin Homo sapiens 2-9 8972606-2 1996 Expression of the transgenic FeSOD protected both the plasmalemma and photosystem II against superoxide generated during illumination of leaf discs impregnated with methyl viologen. Superoxides 93-103 Fe superoxide dismutase Arabidopsis thaliana 29-34 8939991-9 1996 p47(phox) appears to facilitate or stabilize the interaction of p67(phox) and, possibly, Rac1 with cytochrome b559, and is required for optimal generation of O-2 under physiological conditions. Superoxides 158-161 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 89-93 8918370-1 1996 An NADPH-oxidase complex containing at least two protein components (gp91-phox and p22-phox) and a unique low redox potential (-245 mV) cytochrome b-245 is the source of superoxide generated for bacterial killing in neutrophils and has been suggested as the oxygen sensor in the carotid body. Superoxides 170-180 cytochrome b, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 136-148 8918370-9 1996 Together these observations demonstrate that the unique cytochrome b-245 containing NADPH-oxidase is present in pulmonary artery smooth muscle and that an NADPH-oxidase or NADH-oxidoreductase complex is activated to release superoxide by hypoxic conditions. Superoxides 224-234 cytochrome b, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 56-68 8908479-8 1996 Furthermore, IL-10 inhibited the production of superoxide from PMA-stimulated PMN, suggesting that the detrimental effects of IL-10 on PMN microbicidal activity were due, in part, to suppression of respiratory burst. Superoxides 47-57 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 13-18 8908479-8 1996 Furthermore, IL-10 inhibited the production of superoxide from PMA-stimulated PMN, suggesting that the detrimental effects of IL-10 on PMN microbicidal activity were due, in part, to suppression of respiratory burst. Superoxides 47-57 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 126-131 8981022-0 1996 Tyrosinase may protect human melanocytes from the cytotoxic effects of the superoxide anion. Superoxides 75-91 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 0-10 8981022-2 1996 In melanocytes, tyrosinase may have such a role by utilising the superoxide anion (O2-) in the production of melanin. Superoxides 65-81 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 16-26 8981022-2 1996 In melanocytes, tyrosinase may have such a role by utilising the superoxide anion (O2-) in the production of melanin. Superoxides 83-85 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 16-26 8981022-9 1996 The present results suggest that tyrosinase may utilise O2- to produce melanin and that this process may protect melanocytes from the potentially damaging effects of this ROS. Superoxides 56-58 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 33-43 27406415-0 1996 Role of the prosthetic groups of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase in 3-hydroxyanthranilamide-catalyzed, NADPH-dependent superoxide anion production. Superoxides 119-135 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Rattus norvegicus 33-64 27406415-1 1996 The role of the prosthetic groups (FAD and FMN) of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (P450 reductase)in 3-hydroxyanthranilamide (3-OH An.Amide)-catalyzed, NADPH-dependent superoxide anion (O2-) production via the reductase was examined using the native and FMN-depleted preparations of P450 reductase which was partially purified from rat liver microsomes. Superoxides 169-185 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Rattus norvegicus 51-82 27406415-1 1996 The role of the prosthetic groups (FAD and FMN) of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (P450 reductase)in 3-hydroxyanthranilamide (3-OH An.Amide)-catalyzed, NADPH-dependent superoxide anion (O2-) production via the reductase was examined using the native and FMN-depleted preparations of P450 reductase which was partially purified from rat liver microsomes. Superoxides 187-189 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Rattus norvegicus 51-82 8906163-7 1996 Twenty-four hours later, Mn SOD activity declined in anoxic control myocytes (0.38 +/- 0.06 U/mg protein), whereas it increased significantly in myocytes preconditioned with repetitive anoxia (3.25 +/- 0.15 nmol/mg protein) or with exogenous .O2- (2.27 +/- 0.10 nmol/mg protein). Superoxides 243-245 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 25-31 8791589-4 1996 Superoxide was necessary and sufficient to initiate lesion formation; it accumulated before the onset of cell death and subsequently in live cells adjacent to spreading lsd1 lesions. Superoxides 0-10 LSD1 zinc finger family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 169-173 8791589-5 1996 Thus, runaway cell death seen in lsd1 plants reflected abnormal accumulation of superoxide and lack of responsiveness to signals derived from it. Superoxides 80-90 LSD1 zinc finger family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 33-37 8798532-6 1996 Here we report that the complete inhibition of p22(phox) mRNA expression by stable transfection of antisense p22(phox) cDNA into VSMCs results in a decrease in cytochrome b content, which is accompanied by a significant inhibition of angiotensin II-stimulated NADH/NADPH-dependent superoxide production, subsequent hydrogen peroxide production, and [3H]leucine incorporation. Superoxides 281-291 cytochrome b, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 160-172 8853367-4 1996 Superoxide, generated by xanthine oxidase acting on xanthine in the presence of catalase, also induced dose-dependent dilation of cerebral arterioles that was unaffected by glyburide but inhibited completely by tetraethylammonium chloride, an inhibitor of calcium-activated potassium channels. Superoxides 0-10 catalase Felis catus 80-88 8917415-4 1996 The interaction of t-BHP with hemoglobin (Hb) and methemoglobin (MetHb) caused the production of superoxide (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 97-107 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 50-63 8917415-4 1996 The interaction of t-BHP with hemoglobin (Hb) and methemoglobin (MetHb) caused the production of superoxide (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 97-107 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 65-70 8917415-4 1996 The interaction of t-BHP with hemoglobin (Hb) and methemoglobin (MetHb) caused the production of superoxide (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 109-111 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 50-63 8917415-4 1996 The interaction of t-BHP with hemoglobin (Hb) and methemoglobin (MetHb) caused the production of superoxide (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 109-111 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 65-70 8873962-6 1996 In contrast, the combination of xanthine and xanthine oxidase, which generates superoxide anions, failed to stimulate bone resorption, except in the presence of superoxide dismutase (SOD), which resulted in a modest increase in bone resorption to a treated/control ratio of 1.2 +/- 0.05; p < 0.02. Superoxides 79-96 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 45-61 8837043-1 1996 Based on the inhibition of nitrite formation by generating superoxide from xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/XO) reaction system, metallothionein (MT) and other sulfhydryl containing amino acids have been selected to test their abilities to scavenge superoxide radicals. Superoxides 59-69 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 84-100 8692878-8 1996 The superoxide production induced by IL-8 was inhibited by anti-IL8R1, but was not affected by anti-IL8R2. Superoxides 4-14 C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1 Homo sapiens 64-69 8967506-8 1996 These results suggest that xanthine oxidase-mediated superoxide anion-dependent activation of NF-kappa B occurs in vivo and in vitro. Superoxides 53-69 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 27-43 8644900-6 1996 Furthermore, there was a 1.8-fold increase in hsp70 protein induced by exposure of L. chagasi to superoxide, but this was not associated with an increase in hsp70 RNA. Superoxides 97-107 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 Homo sapiens 46-51 8730730-13 1996 Of the other commonly used beta 2-adrenoceptor agonists, fenoterol, and formoterol, but not salbutamol, caused moderate inhibition of neutrophil oxidant generation by a superoxide-scavenging mechanism. Superoxides 169-179 adrenoceptor beta 2 Homo sapiens 27-46 8608807-1 1996 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), like granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimul ating factor (GM-CSF), rapidly primed human monocytes for enhanced release of superoxide (O-2) stimulated by receptor-mediated agonists, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) and concanavalin A (Con A), but not by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), which bypasses the receptors to stimulate the cells. Superoxides 149-159 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 161-164 8720667-0 1996 LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) and ICAM-1 (CD54) antibodies attenuate superoxide anion release from polymorphonuclear leukocytes in rats with experimental acute pancreatitis. Superoxides 58-74 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 23-29 8720667-0 1996 LFA-1 (CD11a/CD18) and ICAM-1 (CD54) antibodies attenuate superoxide anion release from polymorphonuclear leukocytes in rats with experimental acute pancreatitis. Superoxides 58-74 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 31-35 8720667-1 1996 The inhibitive effects of anti-CD11a/CD18 (LFA-1) and anti-CD54 (ICAM-1) antibodies on the generation of superoxide anion (O2-) by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) was elucidated in rats induced with experimental acute pancreatitis. Superoxides 105-121 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 65-71 8641336-0 1996 Suppression of superoxide anion production by interleukin-10 is accompanied by a downregulation of the genes for subunit proteins of NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 15-31 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 46-60 8641336-1 1996 Interleukin-10 (IL-10) inhibited the production of superoxide anion (02-) by both unactivated and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-activated human monocytes. Superoxides 51-67 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 0-14 8641336-1 1996 Interleukin-10 (IL-10) inhibited the production of superoxide anion (02-) by both unactivated and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-activated human monocytes. Superoxides 51-67 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 16-21 8655638-6 1996 These findings suggested that fMLP induced phosphorylation of serine residues in p47phox was regulated by protein phosphatase 2A, and its phosphorylation was necessary for translocation and superoxide generation in fMLP-activated human neutrophils. Superoxides 190-200 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 81-88 8742689-5 1996 The superoxide production rate potential is controlled by the longevity determining gene age-1 and varies in a life cycle-dependent fashion. Superoxides 4-14 Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase age-1 Caenorhabditis elegans 89-94 8571203-4 1996 METHODS: The effect of GM-CSF on macrophage function in vitro was assessed by measuring superoxide anion and interleukin-6 production, percentage phagocytosis of Candida albicans, and percentage Ia expression. Superoxides 88-104 colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage) Mus musculus 23-29 8521415-5 1995 Invasiveness of SAS-H1 and SAS-L-AS1 was enhanced by superoxide treatment, while the invasiveness of SAS-L1 was unaffected. Superoxides 53-63 SAM and SH3 domain containing 1 Homo sapiens 16-36 8534675-0 1995 Aerobic and anaerobic functioning of superoxide-producing cytochrome b-559 reconstituted with phospholipids. Superoxides 37-47 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 58-70 7493930-2 1995 Activation of the superoxide generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes involves the assembly of a multimolecular complex and is dependent on the participation of the small molecular weight GTP-binding protein Rac (1 or 2). Superoxides 18-28 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 206-217 7557122-2 1995 Manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD) scavenges superoxide. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 32-35 8868375-6 1995 We have suggested that increased activity of adenosine deaminase in red blood cells of patients suffering from multiple sclerosis after treatment with ACTH is caused by diminution of superoxide generation, and therefore its sparing effect on cell membrane and enzyme is connected with membranes. Superoxides 183-193 adenosine deaminase Homo sapiens 45-64 7592750-6 1995 A 4-6-h exposure of the permeabilized cells to orthovanadate, molybdate, and tungstate, but not vanadyl sulfate, results in a ligand-independent activation of Stat1 alpha, which is blocked by the inhibition or depletion of NADPH oxidase activity in the cells, indicating that NADPH oxidase-catalyzed superoxide formation is required for the bioconversion of these metal oxides to the corresponding peroxo-compounds. Superoxides 300-310 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 Homo sapiens 159-164 7562495-10 1995 In conclusion, the recombinant serine protease inhibitor, LEX032, appears to be an effective agent for attenuating MI/R injury by inhibiting neutrophil-accumulation into the ischemic-reperfused myocardium and by inactivating cytotoxic metabolites (proteases and superoxide radical) released from neutrophils. Superoxides 262-272 Serine protease inhibitor Rattus norvegicus 31-56 7662713-11 1995 We therefore propose that superoxide anion (O2- and H2O2 generated by PQ could activate PKC and lead to induction of c-jun gene expression; on the other hand, O2- and .OH might trigger other kinase pathways to elevate ODC activity. Superoxides 26-42 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 117-122 7639532-5 1995 The addition of glutathione or cysteine produces a large increase in the intensity of the .DMPO-OH spin adduct signal; experiments employing superoxide dismutase suggest that the increases in the amounts of .DMPO-OH adduct are produced from the decomposition of the spin adduct of the superoxide radical (.DMPO-OOH). Superoxides 285-303 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 99-103 7639532-5 1995 The addition of glutathione or cysteine produces a large increase in the intensity of the .DMPO-OH spin adduct signal; experiments employing superoxide dismutase suggest that the increases in the amounts of .DMPO-OH adduct are produced from the decomposition of the spin adduct of the superoxide radical (.DMPO-OOH). Superoxides 285-303 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 266-270 8535399-6 1995 This was theorized by the fact that the induction was also observed in B-16 cells treated with superoxide anion radicals chemically generated in the hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase-reaction system, instead of UV-A irradiation. Superoxides 95-120 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 162-178 7615499-0 1995 Cytochrome b-245 of the neutrophil superoxide-generating system contains two nonidentical hemes. Superoxides 35-45 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 0-12 8565724-4 1995 The results suggest that PAF is an important factor causing postburn intestinal mucosal barrier injury, and activation of leukocyte and PLA2 as well as the release of superoxide are important intermediate mechanisms for PAF leading to intestinal mucosal injury. Superoxides 167-177 PCNA clamp associated factor Rattus norvegicus 220-223 7797495-0 1995 The fatty acid bimodal action on superoxide anion production by human adherent monocytes under phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or diacylglycerol activation can be explained by the modulation of protein kinase C and p47phox translocation. Superoxides 33-49 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 215-222 7794251-1 1995 Activation of superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase system of human neutrophils involves phosphorylation-dependent translocation of p47phox and other cytosolic components to the plasma membrane. Superoxides 14-24 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 130-137 7775420-4 1995 Compounds that block electron transport at NADH dehydrogenase (rotenone) or between ubiquinone and cytochrome b (antimycin) showed that univalent reduction of O2 can occur at these sites in vivo to form superoxide anion (O2-), in agreement with reports for mammalian mitochondria. Superoxides 159-161 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 99-111 7775420-4 1995 Compounds that block electron transport at NADH dehydrogenase (rotenone) or between ubiquinone and cytochrome b (antimycin) showed that univalent reduction of O2 can occur at these sites in vivo to form superoxide anion (O2-), in agreement with reports for mammalian mitochondria. Superoxides 203-219 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 99-111 7775420-4 1995 Compounds that block electron transport at NADH dehydrogenase (rotenone) or between ubiquinone and cytochrome b (antimycin) showed that univalent reduction of O2 can occur at these sites in vivo to form superoxide anion (O2-), in agreement with reports for mammalian mitochondria. Superoxides 221-223 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 99-111 7775471-4 1995 The present study was undertaken to establish whether this increase in HSP expression was related to O2-. Superoxides 101-103 heat shock protein 90 beta family member 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 71-74 7706751-0 1995 TNF-induced superoxide anion production in adherent human neutrophils involves both the p55 and p75 TNF receptor. Superoxides 12-28 TNF receptor superfamily member 1B Homo sapiens 96-99 7706751-5 1995 Preincubation of neutrophils (both at 4 and 37 degrees C) with mAb to TNF-R75 decreased TNF-induced superoxide anion production by 67 and 64%, respectively, indicating the essential role also for TNF-R75 in neutrophil activation. Superoxides 100-116 TNF receptor superfamily member 1B Homo sapiens 70-77 7562953-1 1995 Soybean lipoxygenase-mediated cooxidation of reduced glutathione (GSH) and concomitant superoxide generation was examined. Superoxides 87-97 linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4 Glycine max 8-20 7562953-11 1995 These results clearly suggest that lipoxygenase is capable of oxidizing GSH to GSSG and simultaneously generating superoxide anion radicals, which may contribute to oxidative stress in cells under certain conditions. Superoxides 114-139 linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4 Glycine max 35-47 7553049-1 1995 In this study, we examined the effects of IL-10 and vIL-10 on the production of superoxide anion (O2-) and nitric oxide (NO) by human monocytes and mouse macrophages. Superoxides 80-96 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 42-47 7553049-5 1995 Moreover, the production of O2- and NO was effectively suppressed whether the IL-10 was added before or together with the stimulus, indicating that this cytokine acts primarily at an early stage of monocyte/macrophage activation by IFN-gamma and LPS. Superoxides 28-30 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 78-83 7553049-7 1995 Moreover, a combination of any two of IL-10, IL-4 and TGF-beta caused an additive effect on the inhibition of O2- production by human monocytes. Superoxides 110-112 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 38-43 7696338-5 1995 To clarify the mechanism underlying the increase in the endothelial cell-derived superoxide anion induced by activated neutrophils, the conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase (XD) to xanthine oxidase (XO) in cultured endothelial cells isolated from bovine carotid arteries was investigated. Superoxides 81-97 xanthine dehydrogenase Bos taurus 150-172 7890694-1 1995 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex in phagocytic cells is constituted of a heterodimeric flavocytochrome b and cytosolic factors, p67phox, p47phox and p40phox as well as a small G protein Rac (for review, see Refs. Superoxides 4-14 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 152-159 7867086-4 1995 In these cells, the subcellular localization of the superoxide-generating NADPH-oxidase and associated cytochrome b was assessed in intact cells with indirect immunofluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy, and with subcellular fractionation, using centrifugation on Percoll density gradients. Superoxides 52-62 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 103-115 7533819-13 1995 In conclusion, these data indicate that LPS directly stimulates O2- production in human monocytes via CD14 depending on LBP. Superoxides 64-66 lipopolysaccharide binding protein Homo sapiens 120-123 7878669-14 1995 The enhancing effect of cytochalasin B on PCB-induced O2- production, however, likely involves other mechanisms. Superoxides 54-56 pyruvate carboxylase Rattus norvegicus 42-45 7852403-2 1995 As the concentration of pyridine increased, the absorption maxima of the alpha- and gamma-bands of cytochrome b558 shifted which correlated with a concomitant decrease in O2(-)-generating activity. Superoxides 171-176 cytochrome b Sus scrofa 99-111 7857983-4 1995 We show in pigs that interleukin-4 (IL-4), a T lymphocyte cytokine which plays a major role in mediating antibody responses to pathogens, suppresses superoxide anion production in macrophages by specifically reducing the level of mRNA encoding gp91-phox. Superoxides 149-165 interleukin 4 Sus scrofa 21-34 7857983-4 1995 We show in pigs that interleukin-4 (IL-4), a T lymphocyte cytokine which plays a major role in mediating antibody responses to pathogens, suppresses superoxide anion production in macrophages by specifically reducing the level of mRNA encoding gp91-phox. Superoxides 149-165 interleukin 4 Sus scrofa 36-40 7857983-4 1995 We show in pigs that interleukin-4 (IL-4), a T lymphocyte cytokine which plays a major role in mediating antibody responses to pathogens, suppresses superoxide anion production in macrophages by specifically reducing the level of mRNA encoding gp91-phox. Superoxides 149-165 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 244-253 7864801-9 1995 Significantly more mRNA for gp91-phox was present in B-cells than in undifferentiated HL60 cells, although it was not quite as abundant as in differentiated HL60 cells, which are capable of producing large amounts of superoxide. Superoxides 217-227 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 28-37 8673625-16 1995 This leads to modulate the phosphorylation and translocation of p47phox, which in turn allows the assembling of the active PHOX complex and triggers the O2.- production. Superoxides 153-155 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 64-71 7820952-7 1995 Pretreatment of tumor cells with H2O2 or hypoxanthanine and xanthine oxidase (to generate superoxide radical and H2O2) prior to intravenous injection, enhanced experimental lung tumor colony formation. Superoxides 90-108 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 60-76 7658912-0 1995 PGI2 analogue, sodium beraprost, suppresses superoxide generation in human neutrophils by inhibiting p47phox phosphorylation. Superoxides 44-54 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 101-108 7658912-7 1995 These findings suggested that p47phox phosphorylation was necessary for translocation and superoxide generation in fMLP activated neutrophils, and that p47phox phosphorylation was regulated by a Ca2+ dependent mechanism. Superoxides 90-100 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 30-37 7996422-3 1994 The inhibitory effects of rolipram and zardaverine on superoxide anion generation were increased in the presence of the beta-2 adrenoceptor agonist, albuterol, which itself was an inhibitor of eosinophil respiratory burst (IC50 = 20 microM). Superoxides 54-70 adrenoceptor beta 2 Homo sapiens 120-139 7982496-0 1994 The functional expression of p47-phox and p67-phox may contribute to the generation of superoxide by an NADPH oxidase-like system in human fibroblasts. Superoxides 87-97 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 29-37 7982496-8 1994 These data indicate that the expression of p47-phox and p67-phox by human fibroblasts may contribute to the cells" generation of superoxide. Superoxides 129-139 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 43-51 7961867-2 1994 The small GTP-binding protein (G protein) Rac1 is an obligatory participant in the assembly of the superoxide (O2-. Superoxides 99-109 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 42-46 7961867-2 1994 The small GTP-binding protein (G protein) Rac1 is an obligatory participant in the assembly of the superoxide (O2-. Superoxides 111-113 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 42-46 8001839-5 1994 The results we obtained showed a significant correlation between the rate of superoxide anion production and the apparent kinetic parameters (log Km/Vmax) of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase activity for these molecules, suggesting the involvement of this enzyme in xenobiotic-induced superoxide production. Superoxides 77-93 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Rattus norvegicus 158-189 8001839-5 1994 The results we obtained showed a significant correlation between the rate of superoxide anion production and the apparent kinetic parameters (log Km/Vmax) of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase activity for these molecules, suggesting the involvement of this enzyme in xenobiotic-induced superoxide production. Superoxides 77-87 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Rattus norvegicus 158-189 8001840-0 1994 Spin trapping of superoxide in aqueous solutions of fresh and aged cigarette smoke. Superoxides 17-27 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 8001840-1 1994 Superoxide generation in aqueous solutions of cigarette smoke was determined as a function of the age of smoke using spin trapping. Superoxides 0-10 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 117-121 7883747-1 1994 Cytochrome b558 composed of large and small subunits, and cytosolic 47- and 65-kDa proteins are important constituents of the superoxide (O2-) generating system in phagocytes and B lymphocytes. Superoxides 126-136 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 0-12 7883747-1 1994 Cytochrome b558 composed of large and small subunits, and cytosolic 47- and 65-kDa proteins are important constituents of the superoxide (O2-) generating system in phagocytes and B lymphocytes. Superoxides 138-140 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 0-12 8053671-2 1994 While mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) scavenges superoxide anions to prevent damage of mtDNA, excess amount of reactive oxygen generated by quinone compounds impairs the mtDNA, in which involvement of iron ion-catalyzed reactions is suggested. Superoxides 60-77 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 6-40 8053671-2 1994 While mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) scavenges superoxide anions to prevent damage of mtDNA, excess amount of reactive oxygen generated by quinone compounds impairs the mtDNA, in which involvement of iron ion-catalyzed reactions is suggested. Superoxides 60-77 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 42-48 8055654-1 1994 Treatment of NIH3T3 cells with the tumor promoter phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA) results within 30 min in a 1.8-fold elevation of xanthine oxidase (XO) activity, an enzyme capable of generating reactive oxygen species such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 233-243 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 137-153 7517218-8 1994 Transduction of gp91phox or p22phox-deficient CGD EBV-B lines resulted in correction of O2-. Superoxides 88-90 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 16-24 8028050-6 1994 Superoxide production was measured by cytochrome c reduction, PMN-EC adhesion with indium-labelled PMN adherence to human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) monolayer cultures, and CD11B expression with fluorescent labelled anti-CD11B (60.1) antibodies. Superoxides 0-10 integrin subunit alpha M Homo sapiens 234-239 7524120-5 1994 These findings suggest that bradykinin increases intracellular Ca2+ and stimulates the generation of hydroxyl radical-like reactive oxygen species (scavenged by MPG or DMTU) via the cyclooxygenase pathway but not via the reaction of NO and superoxide anion. Superoxides 240-256 kininogen 1 Bos taurus 28-38 8141770-3 1994 Activation of superoxide production by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine in whole cells, and by SDS in the cell-free assay, led to the dissociation of some of the p21rac2 from rhoGDI and its movement to the plasma membrane together with p47phox and p67phox. Superoxides 14-24 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 275-282 8141770-6 1994 Although the rac/GDI complex could activate the NADPH oxidase in the absence of exogenous GTP, the rate of superoxide production was increased 3-fold by the addition of GTP and was almost completely inhibited by GDP. Superoxides 107-117 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 13-16 8117710-1 1994 The phagocyte superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase, a multicomponent, membrane-bound electron transport chain, consists of cytochrome b558, p47-phox, p67-phox, and p21rac1 or p21rac2. Superoxides 14-24 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 122-134 8117710-1 1994 The phagocyte superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase, a multicomponent, membrane-bound electron transport chain, consists of cytochrome b558, p47-phox, p67-phox, and p21rac1 or p21rac2. Superoxides 14-24 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 139-147 8117710-1 1994 The phagocyte superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase, a multicomponent, membrane-bound electron transport chain, consists of cytochrome b558, p47-phox, p67-phox, and p21rac1 or p21rac2. Superoxides 14-24 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 163-170 8135544-3 1994 To measure superoxide radicals and related metabolites in normal and pathologic subjects, we have synthesized a cyt c derivative (SMAC) with prolonged half-life in the circulation (T1/2 = 130 min) by conjugating acetylated cyt c with poly(styreneco-maleic acid) butyl ester (SM). Superoxides 11-21 diablo, IAP-binding mitochondrial protein Rattus norvegicus 130-134 8135544-6 1994 The rate of SMAC reduction was markedly increased by intravenous administration of menadione, a compound capable of redox cycling and generating superoxide. Superoxides 145-155 diablo, IAP-binding mitochondrial protein Rattus norvegicus 12-16 8135544-13 1994 Combined use of SMAC and SM-SOD might permit quantitative studies on the occurrence of ascorbyl and superoxide radicals in the circulation of animals challenged with oxidative stress. Superoxides 100-119 diablo, IAP-binding mitochondrial protein Rattus norvegicus 16-20 8305501-2 1994 Monitoring of cytochrome c reduction revealed that PAF stimulation induced the release of superoxide ions from c-WRT-LR. Superoxides 90-100 PCNA clamp associated factor Rattus norvegicus 51-54 8057752-1 1994 We investigated the effect of maturation on the superoxide anion production of rabbit alveolar macrophages by endothelin-1, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Superoxides 48-64 endothelin-1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 110-122 8302274-2 1994 In the presence of either NADPH or NADH, human liver microsomes produced superoxide and H2O2 at rates about 20 to 30% of that found with rat liver microsomes. Superoxides 73-83 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 26-31 7902790-2 1993 The O2- production, but not the cell adherence to FN, was completely inhibited by two MoAbs against CD18 and by a MoAb against CD11b, suggesting the involvement of CD11b-CD18 integrins in the neutrophil oxidative response. Superoxides 4-6 integrin subunit alpha M Homo sapiens 127-132 7902790-2 1993 The O2- production, but not the cell adherence to FN, was completely inhibited by two MoAbs against CD18 and by a MoAb against CD11b, suggesting the involvement of CD11b-CD18 integrins in the neutrophil oxidative response. Superoxides 4-6 integrin subunit alpha M Homo sapiens 164-169 8123758-10 1993 This notion was also supported by our findings that a superoxide generating agent, paraquat, induced IL-8 production in human PBMC and that NAC blocked this paraquat-induced IL-8 production. Superoxides 54-64 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 140-143 8219237-1 1993 Stimulation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) by phorbol esters or formyl peptides (fMLP) generates large quantities of superoxide anion, the so-called respiratory burst (RB), a phenomenon associated with intense phosphorylation of a 47-kD protein (p47 phox). Superoxides 125-141 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 254-262 21573453-2 1993 To determine if proliferin gene expression is influenced by reactive oxygen species, superoxide radicals were generated in culture by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase couple. Superoxides 85-95 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 147-163 8119254-2 1993 We incubated PMNs isolated from rat peritoneum with a mixture of PCB congeners, Aroclor 1242, in the absence or presence of either phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) to stimulate generation of superoxide anion (O2-) or N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) to induce degranulation (measured as release of beta-glucuronidase). Superoxides 190-206 pyruvate carboxylase Rattus norvegicus 65-68 8223583-1 1993 Activation of the superoxide (O2-)-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes requires the interaction of membrane-associated cytochrome b559 with three cytosolic components; p47-phox, p67-phox and sigma 1. Superoxides 18-28 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 122-134 8223583-1 1993 Activation of the superoxide (O2-)-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes requires the interaction of membrane-associated cytochrome b559 with three cytosolic components; p47-phox, p67-phox and sigma 1. Superoxides 18-28 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 171-179 8223583-1 1993 Activation of the superoxide (O2-)-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes requires the interaction of membrane-associated cytochrome b559 with three cytosolic components; p47-phox, p67-phox and sigma 1. Superoxides 30-32 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 122-134 8223583-1 1993 Activation of the superoxide (O2-)-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes requires the interaction of membrane-associated cytochrome b559 with three cytosolic components; p47-phox, p67-phox and sigma 1. Superoxides 30-32 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 171-179 8223583-11 1993 Monomeric rac1 p21, obtained by these procedures, was able to stimulate cell-free O2- generation. Superoxides 82-84 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 10-14 8225024-0 1993 Spin trapping of superoxide radicals following stimulation of neutrophils with fMLP is temperature dependent. Superoxides 17-27 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 8395049-5 1993 One-third of the cases of CGD result from defects in the gene encoding p47phox, a cytoplasmic oxidase component required for O2-. Superoxides 125-127 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 71-78 8395049-7 1993 In the present study, a replication-defective retrovirus encoding p47phox was used to transduce PBHPs from patients with p47phox-deficient CGD, which resulted in significant correction of O2-. Superoxides 188-190 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 66-73 8395049-7 1993 In the present study, a replication-defective retrovirus encoding p47phox was used to transduce PBHPs from patients with p47phox-deficient CGD, which resulted in significant correction of O2-. Superoxides 188-190 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 121-128 8393868-8 1993 These data suggest that superoxide radicals are produced during the oxidation of MPTP by MAO-B and that the generation of H2O2 and .OH was secondary to the production of .O2-. Superoxides 24-34 monoamine oxidase B Homo sapiens 89-94 8403161-5 1993 Superoxide anion was measured by the reduction of cytochrome C, hydrogen peroxide by the horse radish peroxidase catalysed oxidation of phenol red, and myeloperoxidase by the turnover of 2,2"-azino-di(3-ethylbenzthiazoline) sulfonic acid. Superoxides 0-16 myeloperoxidase Equus caballus 152-167 8391470-7 1993 These results suggest that the defect in superoxide production by the UM384 cells is related to the absence of cytochrome b558, a situation mimicking that observed in phagocytes from patients with X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (X-CGD). Superoxides 41-51 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 111-123 8389142-3 1993 The higher superoxide dismutase activity levels in age-1 mutants confer hyperresistance to the superoxide-anion-generating drug paraquat. Superoxides 95-111 Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase age-1 Caenorhabditis elegans 51-56 8389142-4 1993 The rate of superoxide anion production by microsome fractions declines linearly with age in age-1(+) worms, but, after an initial decline, is stabilized at a higher level in senescent age-1 mutant nematodes. Superoxides 12-28 Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase age-1 Caenorhabditis elegans 93-98 8389142-4 1993 The rate of superoxide anion production by microsome fractions declines linearly with age in age-1(+) worms, but, after an initial decline, is stabilized at a higher level in senescent age-1 mutant nematodes. Superoxides 12-28 Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase age-1 Caenorhabditis elegans 185-190 8504089-7 1993 Recombinant rac augmented superoxide production, while recombinant CDC42Hs, which shares 70% amino acid sequence identity with rac, did not. Superoxides 26-36 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 12-15 8097228-8 1993 Nevertheless, increased CD11b expression was related to an increased capacity to generate superoxide after stimulation with opsonized zymosan. Superoxides 90-100 integrin subunit alpha M Homo sapiens 24-29 8395850-5 1993 The NADPH oxidase of phagocytes, characterized by the presence of FAD and a low potential cytochrome b, is organized to transfer electrons electrogenically across the plasma membrane from NADPH to O2. Superoxides 197-199 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 90-102 8387355-6 1993 Processed Rac1 and Rac2 were both highly active in this system and supported comparable rates of superoxide production. Superoxides 97-107 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 10-14 8382686-0 1993 Superoxide-producing cytochrome b. Superoxides 0-10 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 21-33 8382686-2 1993 Molecular properties of superoxide (O2-)-producing cytochrome b558 purified from neutrophils were investigated focusing on the mechanism of the catalytic reaction. Superoxides 24-34 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 51-63 8382686-2 1993 Molecular properties of superoxide (O2-)-producing cytochrome b558 purified from neutrophils were investigated focusing on the mechanism of the catalytic reaction. Superoxides 36-38 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 51-63 8499494-1 1993 We studied heat shock protein (HSP) synthesis by cultured human neuroblastoma cells in response to either hyperthermia or high levels of superoxide anion (oxygen free radical). Superoxides 137-153 heat shock protein 90 beta family member 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 11-29 8499494-1 1993 We studied heat shock protein (HSP) synthesis by cultured human neuroblastoma cells in response to either hyperthermia or high levels of superoxide anion (oxygen free radical). Superoxides 137-153 heat shock protein 90 beta family member 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 31-34 8499494-3 1993 Exposure to superoxide anion in the presence of the free radical scavenging enzymes, superoxide dismutase and catalase improved cell survival and prevented HSP induction. Superoxides 12-28 heat shock protein 90 beta family member 2, pseudogene Homo sapiens 156-159 8225036-0 1993 Spin trapping of superoxide from glass adherent polymorphonuclear leukocytes induced by N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. Superoxides 17-27 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 8225036-6 1993 In spite of this report, the effect of cell adhesion has been ignored in most spin trapping studies of superoxide release from PMNs. Superoxides 103-113 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 78-82 8282233-0 1993 Spin trapping study of superoxide production in ferrous ion oxidation. Superoxides 23-33 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 8282233-5 1993 Another was due to destruction of the spin adduct by superoxide anion (.O2-), because superoxide dismutase (SOD) markedly prevented the decay. Superoxides 53-69 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 38-42 8380808-1 1993 The neuropeptides neurotensin and neuromedin N (from 10(-12) M to 10(-9) M) have been shown in this study to stimulate significantly in vitro several steps of the phagocytic process: adherence to substrate, chemotaxis, ingestion of inert particles (latex beads) and production of superoxide anion measured by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction in resting peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice. Superoxides 280-296 neurotensin Mus musculus 18-29 8380808-1 1993 The neuropeptides neurotensin and neuromedin N (from 10(-12) M to 10(-9) M) have been shown in this study to stimulate significantly in vitro several steps of the phagocytic process: adherence to substrate, chemotaxis, ingestion of inert particles (latex beads) and production of superoxide anion measured by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction in resting peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice. Superoxides 280-296 neurotensin Mus musculus 34-46 1464587-1 1992 rac1 and rac2 p21s are ras p21-like small GTP-binding proteins which are implicated in the NADPH oxidase-catalyzed superoxide generation in phagocytes. Superoxides 115-125 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 1328390-3 1992 146:2388), we have demonstrated that the acute phase reactant alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT), a potent inhibitor of the serine protease cathepsin G, also suppresses superoxide anion generation. Superoxides 165-181 serpin family A member 3 Homo sapiens 62-86 1328390-3 1992 146:2388), we have demonstrated that the acute phase reactant alpha-1-antichymotrypsin (ACT), a potent inhibitor of the serine protease cathepsin G, also suppresses superoxide anion generation. Superoxides 165-181 serpin family A member 3 Homo sapiens 88-91 1328390-6 1992 We present evidence that ACT does not intefer with agonist-stimulated calcium mobilization or translocation and activity of protein kinase C. ACT was an effective inhibitor of superoxide anion generation in membrane preparations isolated from PMA-activated cells. Superoxides 176-192 serpin family A member 3 Homo sapiens 142-145 1328203-2 1992 According to recent studies performed in cell-free systems, Rac1 and Rac2 proteins may be involved in the activation of NADPH-oxidase, the superoxide-generating enzymatic complex active in phagocytes. Superoxides 139-149 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 60-64 1328203-3 1992 Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformed B lymphocytes, which express rac1 and rac2 genes, also efficiently release superoxide anions when triggered by various cell surface stimuli. Superoxides 112-129 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 66-70 1326953-1 1992 We have examined the nature of the leukotriene B4 (LTB4) induced steady state intracellular calcium rise [Ca++]i in guinea pig eosinophils and the relationship between LTB4 induced [Ca++]i and superoxide anion (O2-). Superoxides 193-209 prostaglandin reductase 1 Cavia porcellus 35-49 1326953-1 1992 We have examined the nature of the leukotriene B4 (LTB4) induced steady state intracellular calcium rise [Ca++]i in guinea pig eosinophils and the relationship between LTB4 induced [Ca++]i and superoxide anion (O2-). Superoxides 193-209 prostaglandin reductase 1 Cavia porcellus 51-55 1326953-1 1992 We have examined the nature of the leukotriene B4 (LTB4) induced steady state intracellular calcium rise [Ca++]i in guinea pig eosinophils and the relationship between LTB4 induced [Ca++]i and superoxide anion (O2-). Superoxides 211-213 prostaglandin reductase 1 Cavia porcellus 35-49 1326953-1 1992 We have examined the nature of the leukotriene B4 (LTB4) induced steady state intracellular calcium rise [Ca++]i in guinea pig eosinophils and the relationship between LTB4 induced [Ca++]i and superoxide anion (O2-). Superoxides 211-213 prostaglandin reductase 1 Cavia porcellus 51-55 1326953-8 1992 The results of this study suggest a) the presence of a non-voltage gated, receptor operated, calcium sequestration process in guinea pig eosinophils, b) that LTB4 induced [Ca++]i and O2- generation are apparently unrelated events in these cells, and c) that standard anti-asthmatics do not have an influence on either LTB4 induced [Ca++]i or O2- generation in these cells. Superoxides 183-185 prostaglandin reductase 1 Cavia porcellus 158-162 1326953-8 1992 The results of this study suggest a) the presence of a non-voltage gated, receptor operated, calcium sequestration process in guinea pig eosinophils, b) that LTB4 induced [Ca++]i and O2- generation are apparently unrelated events in these cells, and c) that standard anti-asthmatics do not have an influence on either LTB4 induced [Ca++]i or O2- generation in these cells. Superoxides 342-344 prostaglandin reductase 1 Cavia porcellus 158-162 1326961-1 1992 Agonist-activated phosphorylation of neutrophil proteins including p47-phox, a cytosolic component of the respiratory burst oxidase, has been implicated in the signal transduction cascade which leads to activation of the superoxide generating respiratory burst. Superoxides 221-231 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 67-75 1360687-5 1992 Somatostatin 1-14, somatostatin 1-28 and octreotide inhibited release of superoxide anion from stimulated monocytes. Superoxides 73-89 somatostatin Homo sapiens 0-17 1323151-4 1992 Immobilized murine monoclonal antibodies, IgG2a anti-CD3 (OKT3) or IgG1 anti-CD44 also induced superoxide anion and monokine production. Superoxides 95-111 CD44 molecule (Indian blood group) Homo sapiens 77-81 1318696-8 1992 It was further observed that the enzymatically active spin-labeled derivative generated superoxide radical in the presence of NADPH and cytochrome c, which in turn reduced completely the attached spin-label. Superoxides 88-106 spindlin 1 Rattus norvegicus 54-58 1318696-8 1992 It was further observed that the enzymatically active spin-labeled derivative generated superoxide radical in the presence of NADPH and cytochrome c, which in turn reduced completely the attached spin-label. Superoxides 88-106 spindlin 1 Rattus norvegicus 196-200 16668990-4 1992 An IF/cell combination that gives an incompatible reaction in leaves (race 4 IF and Cf 5 cells) showed reduced oxygen uptake and increases in malonaldehyde (a product of lipid peroxidation); cytochrome c reducing activity, which was inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD) (an assay for superoxide); luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (an assay for several AO species); activity of extracellular peroxidases; and extracellular phenolic compounds. Superoxides 246-256 cytochrome c Solanum lycopersicum 191-203 1320299-8 1992 Neutrophil superoxide anion production (O2-) was assessed in a kinetic fashion (in nanomoles per minute) by superoxide dismutase-inhibitable cytochrome C reduction (phorbol myristate acetate stimulation). Superoxides 11-27 cytochrome c Sus scrofa 141-153 1620593-1 1992 The mitochondrial enzyme, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is an integral component of the cell"s defense against superoxide-mediated cellular damage. Superoxides 36-46 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 58-63 1315736-2 1992 To determine superoxide and other radicals in vivo, a cytochrome c derivative (SMAC) was synthesized by linking 1 mol of poly(styrene-co-maleic acid) butyl ester (SM) to cytochrome c, followed by acetylation of its lysyl amino groups. Superoxides 13-23 diablo, IAP-binding mitochondrial protein Rattus norvegicus 79-83 1315736-3 1992 SMAC retained 8 and 80% of cytochrome c activity to react with ascorbyl and superoxide radicals, respectively. Superoxides 76-86 diablo, IAP-binding mitochondrial protein Rattus norvegicus 0-4 1315736-8 1992 We have synthesized an SM-conjugated superoxide dismutase (SOD) derivative (SM-SOD) that circulates bound to albumin with a half-life of 6 h. Kinetic analysis revealed that SM-SOD effectively inhibited the superoxide-dependent reduction of SMAC either in the presence or absence of 0.5 mM albumin. Superoxides 37-47 diablo, IAP-binding mitochondrial protein Rattus norvegicus 240-244 1315174-2 1992 The O2- generating activity of these defective membranes was reconstituted with the addition of partially purified human neutrophil cytochrome b in a detergent-based, cell-free activation system. Superoxides 4-6 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 132-144 1568222-1 1992 In HL-60 and ML-3 human myeloid cell lines, gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma) and/or tumor necrosis factor (TNF) induce synergistic accumulation of transcripts of the genes encoding the heavy chain (gp91-phox) of cytochrome b558 and the cytosolic factors p47-phox and p67-phox, components of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase system. Superoxides 291-301 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 194-203 1559974-2 1992 Human phagocyte cytochrome b is the terminal component of the microbicidal superoxide generating system. Superoxides 75-85 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 16-28 1317890-0 1992 Macrophage function in the acute phase of lactic dehydrogenase virus-infection of mice: suppression of superoxide anion production in normal mouse peritoneal macrophages by interferon-alpha in vitro. Superoxides 103-119 interferon alpha Mus musculus 173-189 1317890-1 1992 The effect of interferon (IFN)-alpha on the release of superoxide anions (O2-) by normal mouse macrophages (PEM) was examined. Superoxides 55-72 interferon alpha Mus musculus 14-36 1317890-3 1992 When PEM were exposed in vitro for 24 h to IFN-alpha, their capacity to release O2- was significantly suppressed. Superoxides 80-82 interferon alpha Mus musculus 43-52 1317890-4 1992 Progressive suppression of O2- release with increasing IFN-alpha concentration was observed. Superoxides 27-29 interferon alpha Mus musculus 55-64 1309559-6 1992 Moreover, signal transduction through CD16 on synovial phagocytes resulted in augmented extracellular release of superoxide anion that may contribute to tissue damage and other inflammatory sequelae. Superoxides 113-129 Fc gamma receptor IIIa Homo sapiens 38-42 1730586-1 1992 Cytochrome b558 is an important constituent of the superoxide-generating system in neutrophils and B lymphocytes. Superoxides 51-61 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 0-12 1316094-1 1992 Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) encompasses a group of rare inherited disorders characterized by defects in a phagocyte-specific NADPH-oxidase complex that forms the superoxide radical during the respiratory burst. Superoxides 170-188 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 31-34 1332917-7 1992 These results suggest a possible role for superoxide anion in the establishment of IFN-mediated antiviral effect, especially in the dose-response region in which the inverse relationship between the generation of the IFN-alpha-mediated antiviral state and CuZnSOD activity was observed. Superoxides 42-58 interferon alpha Mus musculus 217-226 1334036-0 1992 Platelet activating factor stimulates and primes the liver, Kupffer cells and neutrophils to release superoxide anion. Superoxides 101-117 PCNA clamp associated factor Rattus norvegicus 0-26 1334036-3 1992 This study examines the direct and priming effects of PAF on superoxide anion release by perfused liver, isolated Kupffer cells and blood neutrophils. Superoxides 61-77 PCNA clamp associated factor Rattus norvegicus 54-57 1334036-4 1992 One hour after PAF infusion at a dose of 2.2 micrograms/kg body weight a significant amount of superoxide release (0.71 +/- 0.1 nmol/min/g liver) was measured in the perfused liver compared with the control livers (0.2 +/- 0.01). Superoxides 95-105 PCNA clamp associated factor Rattus norvegicus 15-18 1334036-5 1992 In the in vitro presence of either phorbol ester or opsonized zymosan, superoxide release following PAF treatment in vivo was significantly increased to 1.36 +/- 0.2 and 4.29 +/- 0.36, respectively. Superoxides 71-81 PCNA clamp associated factor Rattus norvegicus 100-103 1334036-8 1992 PAF added in vitro to the perfused livers, isolated Kupffer cells or neutrophils from normal animals stimulated the release of superoxide with or without the above agonists. Superoxides 127-137 PCNA clamp associated factor Rattus norvegicus 0-3 1334036-9 1992 The direct stimulatory effect of PAF on superoxide release was inhibited by the PAF receptor antagonist in vitro. Superoxides 40-50 PCNA clamp associated factor Rattus norvegicus 33-36 1334036-9 1992 The direct stimulatory effect of PAF on superoxide release was inhibited by the PAF receptor antagonist in vitro. Superoxides 40-50 PCNA clamp associated factor Rattus norvegicus 80-83 1334036-10 1992 The role of PAF in the LPS-induced superoxide release by the perfused liver was also examined by the administration of PAF antagonist in endotoxic rats. Superoxides 35-45 PCNA clamp associated factor Rattus norvegicus 12-15 1334036-12 1992 These results indicate that PAF stimulates and primes the hepatic elements to release superoxide. Superoxides 86-96 PCNA clamp associated factor Rattus norvegicus 28-31 1665746-15 1991 However, 100 microM hydroquinone, like SOD (50 u ml-1), produced almost complete inhibition of superoxide anion chemiluminescence induced by xanthine (500 microM): xanthine oxidase (0.07 u ml-1). Superoxides 95-111 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 164-180 1934607-6 1991 In vitro studies have shown that neutrophils and monocytes derived from patients with autosomal recessive cytochrome b-positive CGD respond to interferon-gamma with an enhanced respiratory burst (superoxide production) and increased bactericidal activity. Superoxides 196-206 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 106-118 1653838-9 1991 LTB4 caused a dose-dependent increase in the production of superoxide anion with an apparent EC50 value of 50 X 10(-9) M in our experimental conditions. Superoxides 59-75 prostaglandin reductase 1 Cavia porcellus 0-4 1651699-1 1991 Previous studies have concluded that cytosolic Ca2+ [( Ca2+]i) transients are essential for neutrophils (PMN) to degranulate and make superoxide anion when challenged with the receptor agonists N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, platelet-activating factor and leukotriene B4. Superoxides 134-150 carbonic anhydrase 2 Homo sapiens 47-50 1651699-1 1991 Previous studies have concluded that cytosolic Ca2+ [( Ca2+]i) transients are essential for neutrophils (PMN) to degranulate and make superoxide anion when challenged with the receptor agonists N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, platelet-activating factor and leukotriene B4. Superoxides 134-150 carbonic anhydrase 2 Homo sapiens 55-58 1651223-3 1991 Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a normally occurring adrenal androgen that inhibits glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the initial enzyme in the pentose phosphate shunt necessary for NADPH generation and superoxide anion formation. Superoxides 205-221 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 85-118 1649884-5 1991 In fact, adenosine deaminase, which metabolizes adenosine to inactive product, prevents the effects of dipyridamole on superoxide anion generation and on the expression of procoagulant activity by leukocytes. Superoxides 119-135 adenosine deaminase Homo sapiens 9-28 1649821-0 1991 Superoxide production by cytochrome b558 purified from neutrophils in a reconstituted system with an exogenous reductase. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome b, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 25-37 1715181-3 1991 Addition of 0.25 U/ml adenosine deaminase to neutrophils plus endothelial cells restored formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-stimulated neutrophil superoxide production to the level seen with neutrophils alone. Superoxides 149-159 adenosine deaminase Homo sapiens 22-41 1715181-4 1991 Deoxycoformycin (10(-4) M), an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase activity, prevented the increase in superoxide production associated with adenosine deaminase addition. Superoxides 100-110 adenosine deaminase Homo sapiens 44-63 1715181-4 1991 Deoxycoformycin (10(-4) M), an inhibitor of adenosine deaminase activity, prevented the increase in superoxide production associated with adenosine deaminase addition. Superoxides 100-110 adenosine deaminase Homo sapiens 138-157 1887819-2 1991 Catalase disproportionates hydrogen peroxide, and SOD is an oxidoreductase that serves to dismutate the superoxide anion. Superoxides 104-120 catalase Gallus gallus 0-8 1848559-8 1991 Taken together these results indicate that PKC-dependent phosphorylation of p47-phox correlates with association of p47-phox with the cytoskeleton and with translocation of p47-phox and p67-phox to the plasma membrane, with the ensuing assembly of an active superoxide-generating NADPH-dependent oxidase. Superoxides 258-268 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 76-84 1848116-0 1991 2.5S nerve growth factor enhances survival, phagocytosis, and superoxide production of murine neutrophils. Superoxides 62-72 nerve growth factor Mus musculus 5-24 1848116-6 1991 NGF enhanced the superoxide production induced by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), which acts at postreceptor sites, and that induced by opsonized zymosan, a receptor-mediated ligand. Superoxides 17-27 nerve growth factor Mus musculus 0-3 1848116-8 1991 The present data show that NGF bound to neutrophils enhances their survival, phagocytosis, and superoxide production. Superoxides 95-105 nerve growth factor Mus musculus 27-30 2001291-1 1991 The manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) constitutes one of the major cellular defense mechanisms against the toxic effects of superoxide radical. Superoxides 140-158 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 4-45 2001291-1 1991 The manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) constitutes one of the major cellular defense mechanisms against the toxic effects of superoxide radical. Superoxides 140-158 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 47-52 2001291-3 1991 Further experiments have shown that the transcriptional rate of the gene coding for MnSOD in rat lungs is increased at day 3 of 85% O2 exposure. Superoxides 132-134 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 84-89 1847135-0 1991 The membrane-associated component of the amphiphile-activated, cytosol-dependent superoxide-forming NADPH oxidase of macrophages is identical to cytochrome b559. Superoxides 81-91 cytochrome b Cavia porcellus 145-157 1645316-0 1991 Differential regulation of chemoattractant-induced superoxide formation in human neutrophils by cell-permeant analogues of cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP. Superoxides 51-61 5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II Homo sapiens 145-148 1846547-5 1991 Since superoxide anion is known to destroy EDRF and nitric oxide (NO) (which is similar or identical to EDRF in composition), we tested for superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) in single lots of eight commercial sources of adenosine deaminase by measuring inhibition of the superoxide-mediated reduction of cytochrome c. SOD activity was found in all sources of adenosine deaminase, but varied widely. Superoxides 6-22 adenosine deaminase Rattus norvegicus 226-245 1846547-5 1991 Since superoxide anion is known to destroy EDRF and nitric oxide (NO) (which is similar or identical to EDRF in composition), we tested for superoxide dismutase (SOD, EC 1.15.1.1) in single lots of eight commercial sources of adenosine deaminase by measuring inhibition of the superoxide-mediated reduction of cytochrome c. SOD activity was found in all sources of adenosine deaminase, but varied widely. Superoxides 6-22 adenosine deaminase Rattus norvegicus 365-384 2243141-2 1990 A membrane-bound cytochrome b, a heterodimer formed by a 91-kD glycoprotein (heavy chain) and a 22-kD polypeptide (light chain), is an essential component of the phagocyte NADPH-oxidase responsible for superoxide generation. Superoxides 202-212 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 17-29 2170520-9 1990 Small amounts of both subunits of cytochrome b558 were detected in uninduced HL-60 membranes, but were sufficient to support substantial superoxide production when combined with normal neutrophil cytosol. Superoxides 137-147 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 34-46 2171534-3 1990 Allopurinol and SOD inhibited cytochrome c reduction in a hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase superoxide generating system, whereas bepridil was ineffective. Superoxides 88-98 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 71-87 2176554-1 1990 Arginine (0.5 and 1 mu mol) decreased by 14-17% rates of superoxide anion formation in two systems: HADH-phenazine methosulfate and hydroxylamine autooxidation with nitrotetrazolium blue. Superoxides 57-73 hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 100-104 2165993-3 1990 This factor is quite unstable, is not produced by cyclooxygenase, and is an activator of soluble guanylate cyclase that synthesizes cyclic GMP; its action is suppressed by antioxidants via the superoxide anions produced, potentiated by superoxide dismutase and abolished by methylene blue and oxyhemoglobin. Superoxides 193-210 5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II Homo sapiens 139-142 2110512-11 1990 The results also support the contention that a superoxide anion of non-epidermal cell origin, such as PMN and macrophages, plays a role (probably some enhancing role) in in vivo ODC induction and tumor promotion caused by TPA. Superoxides 47-63 ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1 Mus musculus 178-181 1694596-5 1990 A time-response evaluation of the effect of rh-GM-CSF revealed enhanced release of superoxide by PMNs. Superoxides 83-93 colony stimulating factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 47-53 1694596-6 1990 PMN chemotaxis also was enhanced by rh-GM-CSF, with a maximal response occurring earlier than enhanced superoxide release. Superoxides 103-113 colony stimulating factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 39-45 2139103-6 1990 This deficiency correlates with the limited capacity of Fc gamma RIII on neutrophils to mediate superoxide generation and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and it may be related to the unique structural features of Fc gamma RIII. Superoxides 96-106 Fc gamma receptor IIIa Homo sapiens 56-69 2306629-3 1990 In addition, crude CSF-1 increased lysosomal enzyme activity and superoxide anion formation of microglia up to 2 and 3.8 fold as control value, respectively. Superoxides 65-81 colony stimulating factor 1 (macrophage) Mus musculus 19-24 2153545-15 1990 These findings indicate that cytochrome b558 is probably a membrane component of the O2--generating NADPH oxidase and its activation in the cell-free system requires the reconstitution with phospholipids. Superoxides 85-87 cytochrome b Sus scrofa 29-41 2133288-8 1990 Thus, the enhancing effect of PAF on IL-1 release appears to be due to the production of lipoxygenase metabolites, leading to superoxide production and alterations of cAMP levels. Superoxides 126-136 PCNA clamp associated factor Rattus norvegicus 30-33 2166208-2 1990 The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the role of CD11b/CD18 membrane glycoproteins on superoxide release from granulocytes. Superoxides 95-105 integrin subunit alpha M Homo sapiens 58-63 2172700-0 1990 Spin-trapping methods for detecting superoxide and hydroxyl free radicals in vitro and in vivo. Superoxides 36-46 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 33805516-0 2021 Xanthine Oxidoreductase-Mediated Superoxide Production Is Not Involved in the Age-Related Pathologies in Sod1-Deficient Mice. Superoxides 33-43 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 0-23 33805879-7 2021 Malondialdehyde content was significantly lower in arf4 mutants than in wildtype plants under water stress; furthermore, arf4 mutants showed higher content of antioxidant substances, superoxide dismutase, actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII), and catalase activities. Superoxides 183-193 auxin response factor 4 Solanum lycopersicum 121-125 33777312-0 2021 Regulation of Superoxide by BAP31 through Its Effect on p22phox and Keap1/Nrf2/HO-1 Signaling Pathway in Microglia. Superoxides 14-24 B cell receptor associated protein 31 Mus musculus 28-33 33777312-4 2021 In this study, we discovered that BAP31 deficiency upregulated LPS-induced superoxide anion production in BV2 cells and mice by upregulating the expression level of p22phox and by inhibiting the activation of Nrf2-HO-1 signaling. Superoxides 75-91 B cell receptor associated protein 31 Mus musculus 34-39 33777312-5 2021 Knockdown of p22phox/keap1 or use of an NADPH oxidase inhibitor (apocynin) reversed the production of superoxide anion and inflammatory cytokines, which then reduced neuronal damage and death in vitro and in vivo. Superoxides 102-118 cytochrome b-245, alpha polypeptide Mus musculus 13-20 33777312-5 2021 Knockdown of p22phox/keap1 or use of an NADPH oxidase inhibitor (apocynin) reversed the production of superoxide anion and inflammatory cytokines, which then reduced neuronal damage and death in vitro and in vivo. Superoxides 102-118 kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 Mus musculus 21-26 33777312-6 2021 These results suggest that BAP31 deficiency contributes to microglia-related superoxide anion production and neuroinflammation through p22phox and keap1. Superoxides 77-93 B cell receptor associated protein 31 Mus musculus 27-32 33777312-8 2021 Thus, we determined that BAP31 is an important regulator in superoxide anion production and neuroinflammation, and the downstream regulators or agonists of BAP31 could therefore be considered as potential therapeutic targets in microglial-related superoxide anion production and neuroinflammation. Superoxides 60-76 B cell receptor associated protein 31 Mus musculus 25-30 33777312-8 2021 Thus, we determined that BAP31 is an important regulator in superoxide anion production and neuroinflammation, and the downstream regulators or agonists of BAP31 could therefore be considered as potential therapeutic targets in microglial-related superoxide anion production and neuroinflammation. Superoxides 247-263 B cell receptor associated protein 31 Mus musculus 25-30 33777312-8 2021 Thus, we determined that BAP31 is an important regulator in superoxide anion production and neuroinflammation, and the downstream regulators or agonists of BAP31 could therefore be considered as potential therapeutic targets in microglial-related superoxide anion production and neuroinflammation. Superoxides 247-263 B cell receptor associated protein 31 Mus musculus 156-161 16422885-2 2005 The purpose of this study was to determine if gene transfer of extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) can reduce superoxide anion formation and determine if this reactive oxygen species may contribute to diabetes-related ED in an experimental model of diabetes. Superoxides 118-134 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 99-105 16422885-12 2005 CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that in vivo adenoviral gene transfer of EC-SOD can reduce corporal superoxide anion levels and raise cavernosal cGMP levels by increasing NO bioavailability thus restoring erectile function in the STZ-diabetic rat. Superoxides 104-120 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 77-83 34813893-7 2022 Knockdown of SUCNR1 resulted in a significant increase of mitochondrial respiration and superoxide production accompanied by an increase in TCA cycle throughput and a reduction of cancer cell survival in the analyzed cancer cell lines. Superoxides 88-98 succinate receptor 1 Homo sapiens 13-19 34769076-6 2021 Superoxide accumulation in Sephs1-knockout 2H11 cells is due to the induction of xanthine oxidase and NADPH oxidase activity, and due to the decrease in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and 3 (SOD3). Superoxides 0-10 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 81-97 34639006-7 2021 Using gene co-expression and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses, we identified complex I subunits NDUFS6 and NDUFA11 as RORalpha targets that mediated its function in suppressing superoxide generation in mitochondria. Superoxides 190-200 RAR related orphan receptor A Homo sapiens 131-139 34312076-2 2021 Superoxide scavenging induces its oxidation, disabling activation of the enzymes methionine synthase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, disrupting gene expression and energy production. Superoxides 0-10 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase Homo sapiens 81-100 34312076-2 2021 Superoxide scavenging induces its oxidation, disabling activation of the enzymes methionine synthase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, disrupting gene expression and energy production. Superoxides 0-10 methylmalonyl-CoA mutase Homo sapiens 105-129 34456745-2 2021 In contrast, the SIRT1 inhibitor EX527 enhanced the superoxide production in isolated human polymorphonuclear granulocytes. Superoxides 52-62 sirtuin 1 Homo sapiens 17-22 34212722-2 2021 Here, for the first time, atomically dispersed Co atoms are synthesized as biomimetic "enzymes" to monitor superoxide anions (O2 -), delivering ultraordinary high sensitivity (710.03 muA muM-1 cm-2), low detection limit (1.5 nM), and rapid response time (1.2 s), ranking the best among all the reported either bioenzymatic or biomimetic O2 - biosensors. Superoxides 107-124 PWWP domain containing 3A, DNA repair factor Homo sapiens 187-192 34413784-6 2021 Moreover, MIPs relieved the increased hepatic malonaldehyde and protein carbonyl content and the decreased superoxide dismutase and catalase contents caused by CCl4 intoxication. Superoxides 107-117 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 160-164 34276700-7 2021 Decreasing glycolytic activity or increasing glutathione and superoxide dismutase antioxidant activity can also be beneficial in inhibiting cytotoxic CD8 T cell effector responses. Superoxides 61-71 CD8a molecule Homo sapiens 150-153 35553293-5 2022 Under hypoxic conditions, the levels of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde were decreased, whereas that of nitric oxide was increased in zebrafish injected with GD-EPO compared with those injected with S. prenanti-EPO (SP-EPO). Superoxides 40-50 erythropoietin a Danio rerio 170-173 35285619-0 2022 Superoxide Radical-Mediated Self-Synthesized Au/MoO3-x Hybrids with Enhanced Peroxidase-like Activity and Photothermal Effect for Anti-MRSA Therapy. Superoxides 0-18 AT695_RS02070 Staphylococcus aureus 77-87 34995725-7 2022 In addition, HINT1 KO mice also showed increased GSH-Px and superoxide dismutase, and decreased malondialdehyde, together with enhanced BDNF and Trk-B expression in the hippocampus and PFC. Superoxides 60-70 histidine triad nucleotide binding protein 1 Mus musculus 13-18 35063507-8 2022 After separating the two CD177/mPR3 neutrophil subsets from individual donors by magnetic sorting, we found that PR3-ANCAs provoked significantly more superoxide production in CD177pos/mPR3high than in CD177neg/mPR3low neutrophils, and that anti-CD177 Fab clone 40 reduced the superoxide production of CD177pos cells to the level of the CD177neg cells. Superoxides 151-161 proteinase 3 Mus musculus 31-35 35104504-9 2022 Using exclusion-based techniques, we show that for the RBP IGF2BP1 in cultured mammary epithelial cells, mRNA binding partners are enriched in mRNAs important for de-toxifying superoxides (specifically GPX-1 and GPX-2) and other mRNAs encoding mitochondrial proteins. Superoxides 176-187 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 202-207 35269859-5 2022 T1AM and TA1 showed in-vitro antioxidant and superoxide scavenging properties, while only TA1 acted as a hydroxyl radical scavenger. Superoxides 45-55 trace amine associated receptor 1 Homo sapiens 9-12 35146419-6 2022 PERK activation resulted in altered mitochondrial function evident by increased mitochondrial superoxide production and compromised mitochondrial homeostasis with decrease in Mfn-2 levels. Superoxides 94-104 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 Mus musculus 0-4 35126448-3 2021 In this study, the roles of APX proteins in the cold response and superoxide metabolism pathways in rapeseed species were investigated, and a comprehensive analysis of phylogeny, chromosome distribution, motif identification, sequence structure, gene duplication, and RNA-seq expression profiles in the APX gene family was conducted. Superoxides 66-76 L-ascorbate peroxidase 1, cytosolic Brassica rapa 28-31 2557084-8 1989 260, 6541-6547) that only a fraction of the total cellular cytochrome b is involved in superoxide production. Superoxides 87-97 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 59-71 2556453-1 1989 A membrane-bound cytochrome b, a heterodimer formed by a 91-kD glycoprotein and a 22-kD polypeptide, is a critical component of the phagocyte NADPH-oxidase responsible for the generation of superoxide anion. Superoxides 190-206 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 17-29 2507133-4 1989 In contrast to H2O2, superoxide generated extracellularly by xanthine/xanthine oxidase or intracellularly by menadione was inactive. Superoxides 21-31 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 70-86 2507133-6 1989 Treatment of cells with superoxide, generated extracellularly by xanthine/xanthine oxidase or intracellularly by menadione, diminished the [3H]phorbol dibutyrate-binding capacity of the cytosol fractions prepared at low Ca2+ concentration. Superoxides 24-34 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 74-90 2547247-1 1989 A 47-kilodalton neutrophil cytosol factor (NCF-47k), required for activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase superoxide (O2-.) Superoxides 140-150 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 43-50 2547247-1 1989 A 47-kilodalton neutrophil cytosol factor (NCF-47k), required for activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase superoxide (O2-.) Superoxides 152-154 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 43-50 2547247-6 1989 Recombinant NCF-47k restored O2-. Superoxides 29-31 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 12-19 2473663-5 1989 A time response (5-120 min) of 100 pmol/L rh-GM-CSF revealed enhanced PMN O2 release, maximal response occurring at 30-60 min (140-150%) (p less than or equal to 0.006). Superoxides 74-76 colony stimulating factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 45-51 2552754-1 1989 Singlet oxygen generation is reported from (1) enzymatic reaction and (2) electron transfer reactions of the superoxide anion measured directly with an ultrasensitive near-IR emission spectrophotometer by monitoring the O2(1 delta g)----O2 (3 sigma g-) transition at 1268 nm. Superoxides 109-125 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 220-239 2552329-8 1989 Consequently, inhibition of nitric oxide-induced cyclic GMP formation by LY 83583, which may act by intracellular generation of superoxide anions, facilitates platelet activation. Superoxides 128-145 5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II Homo sapiens 56-59 2552770-0 1989 Rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid phospholipase A2 activating protein (PLAP) stimulates human neutrophil degranulation and superoxide ion production. Superoxides 125-135 phospholipase A2 activating protein Homo sapiens 36-71 2552770-0 1989 Rheumatoid arthritis synovial fluid phospholipase A2 activating protein (PLAP) stimulates human neutrophil degranulation and superoxide ion production. Superoxides 125-135 phospholipase A2 activating protein Homo sapiens 73-77 2541192-5 1989 Maximal potentiation of PMN activity occurred at 100 units of IL-4 (6.3 nmol superoxide produced without IL-4 to 9.8 nmol at 100 units; p less than 0.01). Superoxides 77-87 interleukin-4 Ovis aries 62-66 2538510-3 1989 However, the ability to generate O2- in response to PMA could be induced in BMM by pre-exposing the cells to certain cytokines, including granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IFN-gamma, and, to a lesser extent, IL-1 alpha. Superoxides 33-35 colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage) Mus musculus 138-164 2538510-3 1989 However, the ability to generate O2- in response to PMA could be induced in BMM by pre-exposing the cells to certain cytokines, including granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IFN-gamma, and, to a lesser extent, IL-1 alpha. Superoxides 33-35 colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage) Mus musculus 166-172 2848319-6 1988 It is proposed that NCF-1, NCF-2, and NCF-3 are essential for generation of O2.- by phagocytic cells and that genetic abnormalities of these cytosol components can result in the CGD phenotype. Superoxides 76-78 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 20-25 2850768-11 1988 Under aerobic conditions the ferredoxin reductase/NADPH/actinomycin D system generated the superoxide anion radical by reducing molecular oxygen. Superoxides 91-115 ferredoxin reductase Bos taurus 29-49 6089382-2 1984 It was determined that NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase may be the enzyme responsible for this reduction and that this free radical reacts rapidly with oxygen to produce superoxide. Superoxides 170-180 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Rattus norvegicus 23-55 6331320-0 1984 Superoxide generation by NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase: the effect of iron chelators and the role of superoxide in microsomal lipid peroxidation. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Rattus norvegicus 25-57 6331320-0 1984 Superoxide generation by NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase: the effect of iron chelators and the role of superoxide in microsomal lipid peroxidation. Superoxides 104-114 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Rattus norvegicus 25-57 6331320-1 1984 Superoxide generation, assessed as the rate of acetylated cytochrome c reduction inhibited by superoxide dismutase, by purified NADPH cytochrome P-450 reductase or intact rat liver microsomes was found to account for only a small fraction of their respective NADPH oxidase activities. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Rattus norvegicus 128-160 6330057-2 1984 Activated neutrophils aggregate, generate superoxide (O-2), and degranulate. Superoxides 42-52 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 54-57 6329209-1 1984 Zymosan-activated serum ( ZAS ) stimulated a time- and concentration-dependent generation of superoxide anion (O-2) by human neutrophils. Superoxides 93-109 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 111-114 6327764-2 1984 During inflammation, the superoxide anion (O-2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) are produced by stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages. Superoxides 25-41 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 43-46 6330372-2 1984 Enzymatic scavengers of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion (O-2), catalase and superoxide dismutase, were not effective in reversing the cardiac alterations induced by hypoxia. Superoxides 53-69 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 71-74 6324816-1 1984 1-O-Hexadecyl/octadecyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine (AGEPC) stimulated a time- and concentration-dependent generation of superoxide anion (O-2) by human neutrophils. Superoxides 134-150 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 152-155 6323433-3 1984 In this present study, we have investigated the hypothesis that iron-catalyzed formation of hydroxyl radical (.OH) from superoxide anion radical (O-.2) and H2O2 requires the availability of at least one iron coordination site that is open or occupied by a readily dissociable ligand such as water. Superoxides 120-144 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 146-150 6321074-2 1984 It has recently been proposed that an important source of superoxide anion during the respiratory burst that stimulates murine macrophages is the sequential metabolism of adenosine via adenosine deaminase and xanthine oxidase to uric acid. Superoxides 58-74 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 209-225 6319411-1 1984 Resealed erythrocyte membranes (ghosts) filled with (Fe3+)cytochrome c were used as an assay system to measure the release of superoxide (O-2) from human phagocytes into the incubation medium. Superoxides 126-136 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 138-141 6320013-8 1984 We thus conclude that cytochrome b is part of the O2-/H2O2 generating system and that somatic cell hybridization experiments with monocytes provide a means of studying the genetic background of CGD patients. Superoxides 50-52 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 22-34 6328179-0 1984 Spin trapping of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals. Superoxides 17-27 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 6317450-1 1983 Treatment of human neutrophils with triphenyltin chloride (TPTCl)-inhibited superoxide (O-2) production stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Superoxides 76-86 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 88-91 6315837-1 1983 Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells exposed to the synthetic chemotactic factor n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) were enhanced in their ability to generate superoxide anion (O-2), hydroxyl radical (OH. Superoxides 175-191 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 193-196 6316150-1 1983 Copper, zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalyses the very rapid two-step dismutation of the toxic superoxide radical (O-2) to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide through the alternate reduction and oxidation of the active-site copper. Superoxides 99-117 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 119-122 6316150-3 1983 There is a single, highly complementary position for O-2 to bind to both the Cu(II) and activity-important Arg 141 with correct geometry; two water molecules form a ghost of the superoxide in this position. Superoxides 178-188 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 53-56 6640844-4 1983 CuZn-superoxide dismutase (SOD, a scavenger of superoxide radicals), catalase (CAT, a scavenger of hydrogen peroxide) and mannitol (a scavenger of hydroxyl radicals) suppressed ODC induction under all three conditions. Superoxides 5-15 ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1 Mus musculus 177-180 6311934-8 1983 Removal of endogenous adenosine by incubation of neutrophils with exogenous adenosine deaminase (ADA) led to marked enhancement of superoxide anion generation in response to FMLP. Superoxides 131-147 adenosine deaminase Homo sapiens 76-95 6311934-8 1983 Removal of endogenous adenosine by incubation of neutrophils with exogenous adenosine deaminase (ADA) led to marked enhancement of superoxide anion generation in response to FMLP. Superoxides 131-147 adenosine deaminase Homo sapiens 97-100 6311934-9 1983 Inactivation of ADA with DCF abrogated the enhancement of superoxide anion generation. Superoxides 58-74 adenosine deaminase Homo sapiens 16-19 6311564-3 1983 The method consists in the evaluation of the stimulation of superoxide anion (O-2) production (as superoxide dismutase-sensitive cytochrome c reduction) by leukocytes in whole blood challenged with (a) phagocytosable particles (opsonized zymosan); (b) particles that become phagocytosable by virtue of the opsonizing capacity of the plasma of blood samples (zymosan); and (c) a soluble agent such as phorbol myristate acetate. Superoxides 60-76 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 78-81 6848934-2 1983 The heme-containing protein cytochrome b-245 has been proposed as a primary component of the microbicidal oxidase system of phagocytes that normally generates superoxide-free radicals but when defective is associated with chronic granulomatous disease. Superoxides 159-169 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 28-40 6324567-1 1983 The second order rate constant for the reaction between ascorbic acid and superoxide at pH 7.4 using the xanthine-xanthine oxidase system was estimated to be 5.4 x 10(6) M-1 sec-1. Superoxides 74-84 secretory blood group 1, pseudogene Homo sapiens 174-179 6316379-1 1983 The reactions of oxidation of NADH by Dopa and Dopamine-melanins show inhibition with low quantities of Superoxide dismutase, the enzyme which catalyzes the reaction: O2- + O2- + 2H+ leads to H2O2 + O2 and which has been used as an indicator of the involvement of superoxide ions in many biochemical systems. Superoxides 167-169 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 192-201 6316379-1 1983 The reactions of oxidation of NADH by Dopa and Dopamine-melanins show inhibition with low quantities of Superoxide dismutase, the enzyme which catalyzes the reaction: O2- + O2- + 2H+ leads to H2O2 + O2 and which has been used as an indicator of the involvement of superoxide ions in many biochemical systems. Superoxides 173-175 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 192-201 6316379-1 1983 The reactions of oxidation of NADH by Dopa and Dopamine-melanins show inhibition with low quantities of Superoxide dismutase, the enzyme which catalyzes the reaction: O2- + O2- + 2H+ leads to H2O2 + O2 and which has been used as an indicator of the involvement of superoxide ions in many biochemical systems. Superoxides 264-274 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 192-201 6295490-10 1982 O-2 was generated by the reduction of O2 by a radical derived from bistris. Superoxides 38-40 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 0-3 6297260-7 1982 The generation of the superoxide anion is discussed in regard to methemoglobin formation by paraquat. Superoxides 22-38 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 65-78 6294496-0 1982 Positive correlation between superoxide release and intracellular adenosine deaminase activity during macrophage membrane perturbation regardless of nature or magnitude of stimulus. Superoxides 29-39 adenosine deaminase Homo sapiens 66-85 6295572-1 1982 The spectrum of biological processes in which oxygen is used by living systems is quite large, and the products include some damaging species of activated oxygen, particularly the superoxide radical (O-.2) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 180-198 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 200-204 6295576-4 1982 Enzymatically generated superoxide anion radical (O-.2) was associated with an increase in macromolecular extravasation (seen primarily from postcapillary venules) and an increase in leukocyte adhesion. Superoxides 24-48 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 50-54 6287090-1 1982 Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) release superoxide anion (O-2) when they are exposed to a phagocytic stimulus. Superoxides 44-60 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 62-65 6801135-1 1982 The interaction of C3b, the major cleavage product of C3, with its receptor on human granulocytes results in important biological functions, including phagocytosis, superoxide generation, and release of a variety of enzymes, including histaminase. Superoxides 165-175 complement C3 Homo sapiens 19-22 6279625-0 1982 Functional relationship of the cytochrome b to the superoxide-generating oxidase of human neutrophils. Superoxides 51-61 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 31-43 6279625-7 1982 Pyridine nucleotide-dependent reduction of the intrinsic cytochrome b closely parallels O2.- generation in this preparation. Superoxides 88-90 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 57-69 6175565-0 1982 IFN-beta-induced reduction of superoxide anion generation by macrophages. Superoxides 30-46 interferon beta 1, fibroblast Mus musculus 0-8 6175565-2 1982 When M phi were exposed in vitro for 20 hr to fibroblast interferon (IFN-beta), their capacity to release O2- was significantly reduced, such reduction being more evident with increasing IFN-beta concentrations. Superoxides 106-108 interferon beta 1, fibroblast Mus musculus 69-77 6175565-2 1982 When M phi were exposed in vitro for 20 hr to fibroblast interferon (IFN-beta), their capacity to release O2- was significantly reduced, such reduction being more evident with increasing IFN-beta concentrations. Superoxides 106-108 interferon beta 1, fibroblast Mus musculus 187-195 6175565-3 1982 In contrast, O2- production by M phi exposed for 20 hr to the lymphokine macrophage activating factor (MAF) or treated with either MAF or IFN-beta for 4 hr was not significantly different from that of control cells. Superoxides 13-15 interferon beta 1, fibroblast Mus musculus 138-146 6175565-6 1982 We thus concluded that O2- does not play a relevant role in IFN-beta-induced M phi cytolysis, whereas the reduction of O2- production could be of major importance in the decrease of M phi suppression induced by IFN-beta. Superoxides 119-121 interferon beta 1, fibroblast Mus musculus 211-219 6277918-7 1982 Apparently, either O2.- or H2O2 alone was capable of mediating methemoglobin formation in the intact erythrocyte. Superoxides 19-21 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 63-76 6260686-2 1981 Coformycin, a specific inhibitor of adenosine deaminase, inhibited the activation of macrophages, as measured by superoxide generation. Superoxides 113-123 adenosine deaminase Homo sapiens 36-55 6248464-2 1980 These stimuli cause prompt (less than 10 sec) changes in membrane potential followed 30--45 sec later by superoxide anion (O-2.) Superoxides 105-121 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 123-126 6771758-1 1980 Much evidence now suggests that superoxide dismutase (superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) may be a major intracellular protective enzyme against oxygen toxicity by catalyzing the removal of the superoxide radical. Superoxides 209-227 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 76-90 6244786-0 1980 Spin trapping of superoxide and hydroxyl radical: practical aspects. Superoxides 17-27 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 6261531-2 1980 Subnanomolar levels of superoxide levels of superoxide dismutase or of catalase prevented this attack on DNA, signifying that both O2- and H2O2 were required. Superoxides 23-33 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 131-143 215336-0 1978 Effect of 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole on catalase and formation of methemoglobin from oxyhemoglobin in erythrocyte by superoxide radicals. Superoxides 113-123 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 62-75 5452-1 1976 The mechanism by which superoxide anion is generated by the interaction of phenylhydrazine with either oxy- or methemoglobin was investigated. Superoxides 23-39 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 111-124 804030-4 1975 In the guinea pig, polymorphonuclear leukocytes and casein-elicited macrophages were shown to release superoxide during phagocytosis whereas alveolar macrophages did not. Superoxides 102-112 alpha-S2-casein Cavia porcellus 52-58 5167018-0 1971 The role of superoxide and hydroperoxide in the reductive activation of tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase. Superoxides 12-22 tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase Homo sapiens 72-98 33864955-5 2021 As significant superoxide sources the mitochondria and the NADPH oxidase isoform NOX-4 and the NOX-2 regulating cytosolic subunit p67phox have been identified. Superoxides 15-25 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 95-100 34044064-2 2021 In animals, BMAL1 further acts as transcription factor for the SOD1 gene which encodes the major antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 116-126 aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator like Homo sapiens 12-17 33997926-11 2021 In addition, deficiency of miR-467a-5p improved MI in mice by increasing the contents of lactate dehydrogenase, creatine kinase and malondialdehyde and reducing the activity of superoxide dismutase in serum. Superoxides 177-187 microRNA 467a-1 Mus musculus 27-35 34025367-7 2021 Furthermore, Anti-Acrp30 mitigated the inhibitory effect of NaHS on CRS-induced oxidative stress as illustrated by the up-regulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) content and the down-regulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) level in the hippocampus. Superoxides 193-203 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Rattus norvegicus 18-24 33657463-3 2021 During the activation of FPR2 induced by its agonist AGP-8694, a high level of Brucella uptake was accompanied by an increase in ERK phosphorylation, while intracellular survival at 24 h postincubation was observed to be associated with slightly reduced nitrite accumulation but augmented superoxide anion production. Superoxides 289-305 formyl peptide receptor 2 Mus musculus 25-29 33879840-6 2021 TMZ treatment induced intracellular ROS accumulation in U87 and U251 cells via enhancing mitochondrial superoxide, which not only contributed to DNA DSBs and exacerbated mitochondrial dysfunction, but also upregulated FOXO3a expression. Superoxides 103-113 small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 87 Homo sapiens 56-59 33929390-5 2021 The cell apoptosis rate and the expression of the superoxide anion 3-nitrotyrosine were decreased in the Ang (1-7) group in vitro and in vivo. Superoxides 50-66 angiogenin Rattus norvegicus 105-113 32977740-14 2021 Cav-1determines the cellular glucose supply through Glut-4 and regulates the activity of NOX-2 generating superoxide anions, and that of eNOS generating NO. Superoxides 106-123 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 89-94 32438819-7 2021 In neoplastic cells, HDCA reverts TRAP1-dependent downregulation of SDH, decreases proliferation rate, increases mitochondrial superoxide levels and abolishes tumorigenic growth. Superoxides 127-137 TNF receptor associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 34-39 33471265-9 2021 Furthermore, HBO treatment significantly increased the expression of Claudin-1 and E-cadherin, inhibited intestinal tissue oxidative stress as demonstrated by upregulation of superoxide dismutase and glutathione, and HBO downregulated malondialdehyde. Superoxides 175-185 claudin 1 Rattus norvegicus 69-78 33098750-6 2021 In vitro, eCP demonstrated protective antioxidant capacity with enhanced superoxide dismutase expression and activity; a vasculogenic secretome driving angiogenic tube formation; and macrophage polarizing immunomodulatory properties. Superoxides 73-83 eosinophil-associated, ribonuclease A family, member 2 Mus musculus 10-13 33453359-6 2021 Deficiency of BCO2 caused disruption of assembly of the mitochondrial respiratory supercomplexes, such as supercomplex III2+IV in mice, and overproduction of superoxide radicals in primary mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Superoxides 158-168 beta-carotene oxygenase 2 Mus musculus 14-18 32424294-7 2021 LCS-1-induced cell death is associated with: (1) increase in superoxide and ROS levels; (2) activation of caspases, and p53/p21 signaling; (3) decrease in MCL-1, BCLxL, CDC2, cyclin-B1, and c-Myc; (4) ER stress response; and (5) inhibition of proteasome function. Superoxides 61-71 LCS1 Homo sapiens 0-5 33360774-6 2021 Pretreatment with the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling inhibitors IWR-1-endo (IWR) and ICG-001 abolished aFGF-mediated attenuation of mitochondrial superoxide generation and endothelial protection. Superoxides 142-152 catenin (cadherin associated protein), beta 1 Mus musculus 26-38 33503855-1 2021 Macrophages and related tissue macrophage populations use the classical NADPH oxidase (NOX2) for the regulated production of superoxide and derived oxidants for pathogen combat and redox signaling. Superoxides 125-135 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 87-91 33483749-11 2021 TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVE: Atrial NOX2-derived superoxide is an independent predictor of postoperative AF in humans and contributes to atrial oxidative stress early after AF induction. Superoxides 47-57 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 34-38 33483749-13 2021 Here we show that overexpression of the human NOX2 gene in mice resulted in a 2-fold higher atrial superoxide production and a modest increase in AF susceptibility, independent of atrial electrical or structural remodelling. Superoxides 99-109 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 46-50 33160017-4 2021 Supporting our hypotheses, exposure of cultured SMC to IL-17A promoted proliferation and migration via TRAF3IP2, TRAF3IP2-dependent superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production, NLRP3 expression, caspase-1 activation, and IL-1beta and IL-18 secretion. Superoxides 132-142 interleukin 17A Homo sapiens 55-61 33160017-4 2021 Supporting our hypotheses, exposure of cultured SMC to IL-17A promoted proliferation and migration via TRAF3IP2, TRAF3IP2-dependent superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production, NLRP3 expression, caspase-1 activation, and IL-1beta and IL-18 secretion. Superoxides 132-142 TRAF3 interacting protein 2 Homo sapiens 113-121 33395684-4 2021 Methemoglobin in repeated hemorrhage produces large amounts of superoxide anion via the autoxidation of hemoglobin. Superoxides 63-79 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 0-13 33395684-13 2021 In conclusion, this review summarizes the following 2 points: superoxide anion generation by methemoglobin is enhanced in endometriosis, resulting in redox imbalance; and some compounds and natural substances that can suppress free radicals may be effective in endometriosis-related pain. Superoxides 62-78 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 93-106 32857354-1 2021 Spin trapping with cyclic nitrones coupled to electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) enables the detection and characterization of oxygen-derived free radicals, such as superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, in living cells. Superoxides 168-178 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 33326777-7 2020 TRXL1 regulates NADP-MDH activity, leading to an increase in malate level and inhibition of superoxide radical formation. Superoxides 92-102 thioredoxin like 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 33320250-18 2020 Selenium increased superoxide in mitochondria and nucleoli and increased selenoprotein H, a redox responsive DNA-binding protein that is upregulated by superoxide and an indicator of nucleolar stress. Superoxides 152-162 selenoprotein H Homo sapiens 73-88 33362579-6 2020 SiRNA knockdown of the pro-fission factor dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1) restored mitochondrial size but did not affect HG toxicity, and Mdivi-1, a DRP1 inhibitor, even increased HG-induced cardiomyocyte injury, as shown by superoxide production, mitochondrial membrane potential and cell death. Superoxides 226-236 dynamin 1-like Rattus norvegicus 42-67 33229544-4 2020 Rotenone promoted mitochondrial-generated superoxide (MitoROS), which was exacerbated by ATP13A2 deficiency in SH-SY5Y cells and patient-derived fibroblasts, disturbing mitochondrial functionality and inducing toxicity and cell death. Superoxides 42-52 ATPase cation transporting 13A2 Homo sapiens 89-96 33070664-12 2020 Superoxide generation was attenuated by olmesartan and Ang (1-7) and was blunted in the presence of A-779. Superoxides 0-10 angiogenin Rattus norvegicus 55-63 32886146-11 2020 In mice, the absence of ST2 prevented mechanical pain, knee joint edema, neutrophil recruitment to the knee joint, and lowered IL-1beta and superoxide anion levels. Superoxides 140-156 interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 Mus musculus 24-27 32758662-4 2020 Superoxide is produced by the phagocyte NADPH oxidase, a complex enzyme composed of two membrane subunits, gp91phox or NOX2 and p22phox, and four cytosolic components p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and Rac2. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 107-115 32758662-4 2020 Superoxide is produced by the phagocyte NADPH oxidase, a complex enzyme composed of two membrane subunits, gp91phox or NOX2 and p22phox, and four cytosolic components p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and Rac2. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 119-123 32758662-4 2020 Superoxide is produced by the phagocyte NADPH oxidase, a complex enzyme composed of two membrane subunits, gp91phox or NOX2 and p22phox, and four cytosolic components p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and Rac2. Superoxides 0-10 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 167-174 33262939-9 2020 rSCC-61 MTHFD2 knockdown cells irradiated and treated with beta-lapachone showed increased PARP1 activation, inhibition of mitochondrial respiration, decreased respiration-linked ATP production, and increased mitochondrial superoxide and protein oxidation as compared to control rSCC-61 scrambled shRNA. Superoxides 223-233 methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 2, methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase Homo sapiens 8-14 33128532-6 2022 Treatment with MPL flavonoids, especially at a dose of 200 mg/kg, attenuated CCl4-induced increases in alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta, and interleukin-6, as well as reductions in superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. Superoxides 334-344 MPL proto-oncogene, thrombopoietin receptor Rattus norvegicus 15-18 32631692-9 2020 CONCLUSION: These findings indicate that inhibition of superoxide damage to RGCs through regulation of the Akt/BAD pathway is one of the mechanisms by which OECs and alpha-crystallin promote optic nerve recovery after injury. Superoxides 55-65 crystallin, alpha A Mus musculus 166-182 31902083-8 2020 More specifically, APNp increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation-dependent Drp1 serine 637 (S637) phosphorylation, which inhibited the translocation of Drp1 to the mitochondrial membrane and reduced mitochondrial fragmentation and the production of mitochondrial superoxide, ultimately attenuating inflammatory brain injury induced by hemorrhage. Superoxides 279-289 collapsin response mediator protein 1 Mus musculus 91-95 33013985-8 2020 The activities of catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase of OE lines were significantly lower than those of WT, suggesting that ZmMYB59 reduced their oxidation resistance. Superoxides 40-50 MYB59 Zea mays 154-161 32912004-2 2020 NADPH and NADH are known to interact with HRP and generate significant quantities of superoxide anion, a radical that spontaneously dismutates to form H2O2 which interferes with the AR/HRP assay. Superoxides 85-101 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 32912004-4 2020 We found that superoxide anion formation via the interaction of NADPH with HRP was inhibited by superoxide dismutase (SOD) without affecting H2O2 generation by microsomal enzymes. Superoxides 14-30 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 64-69 32912004-6 2020 This method can also be applied to quantify rates of H2O2 production by oxidases where superoxide anion generation by NADH or NADPH and HRP can interfere with enzyme assays. Superoxides 87-103 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 126-131 32748289-3 2020 At high NADH levels, alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (alpha-KGDH) is a major source of superoxide in skeletal muscle mitochondria with low NNT activity. Superoxides 89-99 oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate) dehydrogenase (lipoamide) Mus musculus 21-54 32679677-3 2020 Cell-based assays were used to test the ability of MFGM preparations to modulate levels of the inflammatory mediators IL-1beta, nitric oxide, superoxide anion, cyclo-oxygenase-2, and neutrophil elastase. Superoxides 142-158 milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing Bos taurus 51-55 32401607-3 2020 Here we examine the therapeutic potential of Nox2 inhibition on superoxide generation in saphenous vein ECs (SVECs) from patients with advanced atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes and on vascular function, vascular damage, and lipid deposition in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mice with EC-specific insulin resistance (ESMIRO). Superoxides 64-74 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 45-49 32401607-6 2020 SVECs from diabetic patients had increased expression of Nox2 protein with concomitant increase in superoxide generation, which could be reduced by the Nox2 inhibitor gp91dstat. Superoxides 99-109 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 57-61 32401607-6 2020 SVECs from diabetic patients had increased expression of Nox2 protein with concomitant increase in superoxide generation, which could be reduced by the Nox2 inhibitor gp91dstat. Superoxides 99-109 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 152-156 32706196-4 2020 However, over-expression of circular ribonucleic acid 0001588 reduced reactive oxygen species production and malonaldehyde levels and increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and levels via activation signal pathway of silent information regulator 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway by miR-211-5p up-regulation in vitro. Superoxides 144-154 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 298-314 32202429-6 2020 The spatiotemporal analysis of reactive oxygen species suggests a NOX2-dependent peak in cytoplasmic superoxide anions/hydrogen peroxide generation 2 h after retinoic acid stimulation. Superoxides 101-118 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 66-70 31957540-9 2020 Loss-of-function analysis indicated FTSJ3, a 2"-O-Me methyltransferase, as a candidate RNMT with functional roles in promoting cancer growth and survival. Superoxides 45-52 RNA guanine-7 methyltransferase Homo sapiens 87-91 31980167-3 2020 Peritoneal macrophages of G6pt-/- mice were lower in number and their effector functions including migration, superoxide production, and phagocytosis were impaired. Superoxides 110-120 solute carrier family 37 (glucose-6-phosphate transporter), member 4 Mus musculus 26-30 31973815-0 2020 P-Tyr42 RhoA GTPase amplifies superoxide formation through p47phox, phosphorylated by ROCK. Superoxides 30-40 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 59-66 31973815-11 2020 These in turn amplify superoxide production through ROCK phophorylation of p47phox and maintain a positive feedback loop for superoxide generation, and contribute to tumor progression. Superoxides 22-32 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 75-82 31733931-10 2020 The number and area of SSC colonies, and the number of GFR alpha1 positive cells were the highest in the 2.5% O2 treatment group. Superoxides 110-112 glial cell line derived neurotrophic factor family receptor alpha 1 Mus musculus 55-65 32027437-8 2020 RESULTS: Cells cultured under 2% O2 exhibited decreased A20 expression and increased RANKL/OPG (R/O) ratio. Superoxides 33-35 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-27 Homo sapiens 56-59 32027437-8 2020 RESULTS: Cells cultured under 2% O2 exhibited decreased A20 expression and increased RANKL/OPG (R/O) ratio. Superoxides 33-35 TNF superfamily member 11 Homo sapiens 85-90 32027437-8 2020 RESULTS: Cells cultured under 2% O2 exhibited decreased A20 expression and increased RANKL/OPG (R/O) ratio. Superoxides 33-35 basic transcription factor 3 pseudogene 11 Homo sapiens 91-94 32005975-7 2020 O-glycans on EPHA2 were modified by C1GALT1 and both S277A and T429A mutants, which are O-glycosites on EPHA2, dramatically enhanced phosphorylation of Y588, suggesting that not only overall O-glycan structures but also site-specific O-glycosylation can regulate EPHA2 activity. Superoxides 88-100 EPH receptor A2 Homo sapiens 13-18 32005975-7 2020 O-glycans on EPHA2 were modified by C1GALT1 and both S277A and T429A mutants, which are O-glycosites on EPHA2, dramatically enhanced phosphorylation of Y588, suggesting that not only overall O-glycan structures but also site-specific O-glycosylation can regulate EPHA2 activity. Superoxides 88-100 EPH receptor A2 Homo sapiens 104-109 32005975-7 2020 O-glycans on EPHA2 were modified by C1GALT1 and both S277A and T429A mutants, which are O-glycosites on EPHA2, dramatically enhanced phosphorylation of Y588, suggesting that not only overall O-glycan structures but also site-specific O-glycosylation can regulate EPHA2 activity. Superoxides 88-100 EPH receptor A2 Homo sapiens 104-109 32061237-4 2020 Both the transition dipole moment and the oscillator strength were predicted to be weak, which suggests that photodissociation of HO3 to produce OH and O2 after UV-Vis absorption is not a plausible mechanism. Superoxides 152-154 histidyl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 130-133 32069806-6 2020 CNTf strongly stimulated the O2 - production. Superoxides 29-31 ciliary neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 0-4 31907993-7 2020 Importantly, we show that selective targeting of glycans on CD11b with such lectins results in altered intracellular signaling events that inhibit TEpM and differentially affect key PMN inflammatory functions including phagocytosis, superoxide release and apoptosis. Superoxides 233-243 integrin subunit alpha M Homo sapiens 60-65 31898866-4 2020 Herein, iodine-rich semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPN-I) for enhanced PDT, using iodine-induced intermolecular heavy-atom effect to elevate the 1 O2 generation, are designed and prepared. Superoxides 154-156 DEAF1 transcription factor Homo sapiens 58-61 31679689-9 2020 Additionally, PGRN-regulated ischemic stroke was related to ROS accumulation that MCAO-mice with PGRN knockdown exhibited severe oxidative stress, as proved by the aggravated malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) contents, and the decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Superoxides 254-264 granulin Mus musculus 14-18 31679689-9 2020 Additionally, PGRN-regulated ischemic stroke was related to ROS accumulation that MCAO-mice with PGRN knockdown exhibited severe oxidative stress, as proved by the aggravated malondialdehyde (MDA) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) contents, and the decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity. Superoxides 254-264 granulin Mus musculus 97-101 31559421-5 2020 Here we discuss the importance of the AOX pathway in dealing with elevated carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), ozone (O3) and the main abiotic stresses induced by climate change. Superoxides 127-129 acyl-CoA oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 38-41 31707350-8 2020 On the other hand, the TSPO- downregulated cells showed higher activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), mitochondrial function stabilization, resulting in less cell apoptosis and damage in case of A/R condition. Superoxides 77-87 translocator protein Homo sapiens 23-27 31729001-3 2020 A consequent conformational change in NOX2 initiates the electron flow along a redox gradient, from NADPH to molecular oxygen (O2), leading to the one-electron reduction of O2 to O2 -. Superoxides 127-129 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 38-42 31729001-3 2020 A consequent conformational change in NOX2 initiates the electron flow along a redox gradient, from NADPH to molecular oxygen (O2), leading to the one-electron reduction of O2 to O2 -. Superoxides 173-175 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 38-42 31729001-3 2020 A consequent conformational change in NOX2 initiates the electron flow along a redox gradient, from NADPH to molecular oxygen (O2), leading to the one-electron reduction of O2 to O2 -. Superoxides 173-175 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 38-42 31729001-7 2020 Thus, a mixture of the individual components of the NADPH oxidase is exposed in vitro to an activating agent, the most common being anionic amphiphiles, resulting in the formation of a complex between cytochrome b 558 and the cytosolic components and O2 - generation in the presence of NADPH. Superoxides 251-253 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 201-213 31864267-4 2019 Unlike most reported H-atom diffusion tunneling reactions, the reaction H + HC(O)OCH3 in solid p-H2 at 3.3 K was found to diminish rapidly after IR irradiation, but, similar to reactions of H + N2O and H + HC(O)OH, this reaction was reinitiated when the matrix temperature was decreased from 4.0 K to 1.5 K. We confirmed that the method used to generate the mobile H atoms does not affect the subsequent chemistry. Superoxides 194-197 polyhomeotic homolog 2 Homo sapiens 95-99 31811262-9 2019 Taken together, our results suggest that eugenol inhibits the generation of superoxide anion by neutrophils via the inhibition of Raf/MEK/ERK1/2/p47phox-phosphorylation pathway. Superoxides 76-86 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 145-152 31541678-7 2019 Furthermore, acarbose blocked the Nox4-dependent superoxide (O2.-) generation, which regulated NLRP3 inflammasome in RAECs. Superoxides 49-59 NADPH oxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 34-38 31541678-7 2019 Furthermore, acarbose blocked the Nox4-dependent superoxide (O2.-) generation, which regulated NLRP3 inflammasome in RAECs. Superoxides 61-63 NADPH oxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 34-38 31541678-10 2019 Taken together, our data indicated that acarbose ameliorated endothelial barrier dysfunction by directly inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome which was dependent on inhibiting Nox4 oxidase-dependent O2.- production. Superoxides 192-194 NADPH oxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 169-173 31245854-0 2019 Superoxide generation via the NR2B-NMDAR/RasGRF1/NOX2 pathway promotes dendritogenesis. Superoxides 0-10 Ras protein specific guanine nucleotide releasing factor 1 Homo sapiens 41-48 31245854-0 2019 Superoxide generation via the NR2B-NMDAR/RasGRF1/NOX2 pathway promotes dendritogenesis. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 49-53 31245854-3 2019 Accumulating evidence indicates that stimulation of NMDARs activates NADPH oxidase (NOX2), thereby generating superoxide. Superoxides 110-120 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 84-88 31245854-11 2019 Together, our data indicate that superoxide production is induced by the NR2B-NMDARs/RasGRF1/NOX2 pathway and promotes dendritogenesis. Superoxides 33-43 Ras protein specific guanine nucleotide releasing factor 1 Homo sapiens 85-92 31245854-11 2019 Together, our data indicate that superoxide production is induced by the NR2B-NMDARs/RasGRF1/NOX2 pathway and promotes dendritogenesis. Superoxides 33-43 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 93-97 31760709-7 2019 The infusion of miR-214-secretome also led to lesser local and systemic inflammation, higher expression of an antioxidant enzyme (superoxide dismutase), and higher liver proliferative and synthetic function. Superoxides 130-140 microRNA 214 Mus musculus 16-23 31824945-6 2019 Our results demonstrated that RBM3 expression was highly sensitive to hypoxia, and NSCs were arrested in G0/G1 phase by 5, 2.5, and 1% O2 treatment. Superoxides 135-137 RNA binding motif (RNP1, RRM) protein 3 Mus musculus 30-34 31584578-2 2019 The molar addition of anions, such as TBAF-, TBAOH-, TBACN- and TBAAcO-, induced a significant red shift in the charge transfer band (Deltalambda = 73 nm, from 337 nm to 410 nm), in agreement with visible "naked eye" detectable colorimetric activities; in addition, soaked-in-L paper strips were prepared, which could significantly discriminate cyanide (KCN) and hydroxide (NaOH) ions dissolved in tap water via the litmus test method. Superoxides 64-70 nuclear RNA export factor 1 Homo sapiens 398-401 31737648-7 2019 Gelatinase zymography demonstrated that the activity of MMP9-NGAL complex was significantly increased in aortic valves in 13% O2 compared to 20% O2. Superoxides 126-128 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Homo sapiens 56-60 31737648-7 2019 Gelatinase zymography demonstrated that the activity of MMP9-NGAL complex was significantly increased in aortic valves in 13% O2 compared to 20% O2. Superoxides 126-128 lipocalin 2 Homo sapiens 61-65 31737648-7 2019 Gelatinase zymography demonstrated that the activity of MMP9-NGAL complex was significantly increased in aortic valves in 13% O2 compared to 20% O2. Superoxides 145-147 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Homo sapiens 56-60 31737648-7 2019 Gelatinase zymography demonstrated that the activity of MMP9-NGAL complex was significantly increased in aortic valves in 13% O2 compared to 20% O2. Superoxides 145-147 lipocalin 2 Homo sapiens 61-65 31871961-8 2019 Furthermore, As2O3 downregulated the frequency of Th1 but upregulated Th2 cells. Superoxides 13-18 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 50-53 30819616-0 2019 Mitochondrial superoxide disrupts the metabolic and epigenetic landscape of CD4+ and CD8+ T-lymphocytes. Superoxides 14-24 CD8a molecule Homo sapiens 85-88 31637008-8 2019 Compared with the free drug, As2O3-NPs increased GSDME-N expression and decreased Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b, and Dnmt1 expression in Huh7 cells. Superoxides 29-34 DNA methyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 102-107 31637008-9 2019 In vivo, As2O3-NPs induced a significant decrease in the expression of Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b and Dnmt1, but significantly upregulated the expression of GSDME-N (gasdermin E (GSDME) was originally found to be related to deafness; recently, it has been defined as a gasdermin family member associated with pyroptosis). Superoxides 9-14 DNA methyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 90-95 31491943-7 2019 RESULTS: We investigated that GLUT levels in LECs differed significantly, thus leading to the direct enhancement of RAGE-associated superoxide generation in DM patients with cataracts. Superoxides 132-142 solute carrier family 2 member 1 Homo sapiens 30-34 31491943-7 2019 RESULTS: We investigated that GLUT levels in LECs differed significantly, thus leading to the direct enhancement of RAGE-associated superoxide generation in DM patients with cataracts. Superoxides 132-142 advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor Homo sapiens 116-120 31229571-7 2019 Cellular levels of superoxide and peroxides increased at 40 C and 42 C. Heat shock (42 C)-induced increases in Prx3 and Prx-SO3 were inhibited by antioxidants (PEG-catalase, MnTBAP) and a Nrf2 shRNA. Superoxides 19-29 peroxiredoxin 3 Homo sapiens 114-118 31227352-3 2019 Our results indicate that HCO3- may play a dual role to act 1) as a ligand to stabilize Cu(II), forming soluble [CuII(HCO3-)(S)]+ species to catalyze H2O2 producing hydroxyl radical (OH) and superoxide ion (O2-) and 2) as a OH scavenger. Superoxides 191-201 TRAF3 interacting protein 2 Homo sapiens 56-61 31227352-3 2019 Our results indicate that HCO3- may play a dual role to act 1) as a ligand to stabilize Cu(II), forming soluble [CuII(HCO3-)(S)]+ species to catalyze H2O2 producing hydroxyl radical (OH) and superoxide ion (O2-) and 2) as a OH scavenger. Superoxides 152-154 TRAF3 interacting protein 2 Homo sapiens 56-61 30968134-3 2019 Previously, several lines of evidence indicated that the AOX pathway prevents overproduction of superoxide and other reactive oxygen species. Superoxides 96-106 acyl-CoA oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 57-60 31576221-0 2019 Spin resolved electron density study of YTiO3 in its ferromagnetic phase: signature of orbital ordering. Superoxides 40-45 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 31576221-1 2019 The present work reports on the charge and spin density modelling of YTiO3 in its ferromagnetic state (T C = 27 K). Superoxides 69-74 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 43-47 31189648-7 2019 This promoted mitochondrial superoxide production and JNK activation, which enhanced CCL2 expression. Superoxides 28-38 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 Mus musculus 85-89 31428230-7 2019 Our results indicate that OP is able to induce apoptosis in A549 cells through the upregulation of mitochondrial Glo2 (mGlo2), mediated by the superoxide anion and Akt signaling pathway. Superoxides 143-159 hydroxyacyl glutathione hydrolase Mus musculus 119-124 31091128-5 2019 We hypothesized that O2- stimulates NKCC2 activity by enhancing apical surface NKCC2 expression. Superoxides 21-23 solute carrier family 12 member 1 Rattus norvegicus 79-84 31091128-7 2019 Treatment of TALs with O2- produced by exogenous xanthine oxidase (1 mU/ml) and hypoxanthine (500 microM) stimulated surface NKCC2 expression by ~18 +- 5% (P < 0.05). Superoxides 23-25 solute carrier family 12 member 1 Rattus norvegicus 125-130 31091128-8 2019 O2- -stimulated surface NKCC2 expression was blocked by the O2- scavenger tempol (50 microM). Superoxides 0-2 solute carrier family 12 member 1 Rattus norvegicus 24-29 31091128-8 2019 O2- -stimulated surface NKCC2 expression was blocked by the O2- scavenger tempol (50 microM). Superoxides 60-62 solute carrier family 12 member 1 Rattus norvegicus 24-29 31091128-12 2019 Protein kinase C inhibition with Go-6976 (100 nM) blocked O2- -stimulated surface NKCC2 expression (P < 0.05). Superoxides 58-60 solute carrier family 12 member 1 Rattus norvegicus 82-87 31091128-14 2019 We conclude that O2- increases surface NKCC2 expression by stimulating protein kinase C and that this effect is blunted by endogenous NO. Superoxides 17-19 solute carrier family 12 member 1 Rattus norvegicus 39-44 31091128-15 2019 O2- -stimulated apical trafficking of NKCC2 may be involved in the enhanced surface NKCC2 expression observed in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Superoxides 0-2 solute carrier family 12 member 1 Rattus norvegicus 38-43 31091128-15 2019 O2- -stimulated apical trafficking of NKCC2 may be involved in the enhanced surface NKCC2 expression observed in Dahl salt-sensitive rats. Superoxides 0-2 solute carrier family 12 member 1 Rattus norvegicus 84-89 31062473-5 2019 Furthermore, we proved that knockdown of TFAM enhanced the interaction between p53 and MDM2, resulting in decreased expression of p53 and the downstream target TIGAR, and thus leading to elevated level of mitochondrial superoxide and DNA double-strand break (DSB) which were exacerbated when treated the cell with ionizing radiation. Superoxides 219-229 MDM2 proto-oncogene Homo sapiens 87-91 31258517-4 2019 After host cell invasion, mycobacteria induces the expression of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) to generate superoxide radicals ( O 2 - ), which are then converted to more toxic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and subsequently reduced to water by catalase. Superoxides 100-110 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 65-80 31258517-4 2019 After host cell invasion, mycobacteria induces the expression of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) to generate superoxide radicals ( O 2 - ), which are then converted to more toxic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and subsequently reduced to water by catalase. Superoxides 100-110 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 82-86 31091187-8 2019 The hydroxyl radical quencher, thiourea, and the superoxide dismutase mimic, TEMPOL, significantly reduced hydroxyl radical and superoxide levels, respectively, in the antibiotic-exposed SCs and NCs and thereby decreased their differential susceptibility to antibiotics. Superoxides 49-59 chromosome 1 open reading frame 210 Homo sapiens 77-83 30842265-3 2019 electrophoretic mobility shift assay and luciferase reporter analysis illustrate that TaBZR2 directly interacts with the gene promoter to activate the expression of T. aestivum glutathione s-transferase-1 (TaGST1), which functions positively in scavenging drought-induced superoxide anions (O2 -). Superoxides 272-289 glutathione S-transferase 1 Triticum aestivum 206-212 31009517-6 2019 In vitro, the neutrophils from Stat2-/- mice produced lower levels of superoxide anion upon stimulation with the bacterial ligand N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) in the presence of IFNalpha compared to neutrophils from wild-type mice, indicating that the neutrophils were less functional in Stat2-/- mice. Superoxides 70-86 signal transducer and activator of transcription 2 Mus musculus 31-36 30693354-7 2019 The Mn3(PO4)2-DNA/CNF sensor achieves the best sensitivity among the reported O2 - sensors while possessing good selectivity. Superoxides 78-80 NPHS1 adhesion molecule, nephrin Homo sapiens 18-21 30058348-10 2019 We also observed a decrease in superoxide dismutase (LP, -78%; ON, -51%), catalase (LP, -18%; ON, -61%), and glutathione S-transferase (only in ON, -44%) activities. Superoxides 31-41 hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 Rattus norvegicus 53-55 30403290-10 2019 GLP-1 decreased superoxide levels measured with dihydroethidium in rat mesenteric arteries exposed to 40 mM glucose. Superoxides 16-26 glucagon Rattus norvegicus 0-5 30403290-11 2019 CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: GLP-1 receptors are involved in the liraglutide-induced relaxation of branched arteries, under normoglycaemic conditions, while GLP-1 inhibition of vascular superoxide levels contributes to GLP-1 receptor-independent potentiation of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in hyperglycaemia. Superoxides 187-197 glucagon Rattus norvegicus 158-163 30224076-12 2019 Compared with exosomes, microRNA-25-enriched exosomes markedly enhanced microRNA-25 level (P < .001), inhibited NADPH oxidase 4 expression (P = .012), but not NADPH oxidase 2 expression, decreased malondialdehyde content (P = .022), increased superoxide dismutase activity (P < .001) in spinal cords, and had additional neuroprotective effects as evidenced by lower motor deficit index scores (P < .005) and more survival neurons (P = .002). Superoxides 243-253 microRNA 25 Rattus norvegicus 24-35 30173356-5 2019 Expression of the downstream signaling molecule of PPAR-alpha, the mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), was up-regulated in the baroreflex afferent pathway under similar experimental conditions, along with amelioration of reduced superoxide dismutase activity and increased superoxide in HFD rats. Superoxides 236-246 uncoupling protein 2 Rattus norvegicus 67-101 30173356-5 2019 Expression of the downstream signaling molecule of PPAR-alpha, the mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), was up-regulated in the baroreflex afferent pathway under similar experimental conditions, along with amelioration of reduced superoxide dismutase activity and increased superoxide in HFD rats. Superoxides 236-246 uncoupling protein 2 Rattus norvegicus 103-107 30688300-3 2019 Cyclic hydroxylamine spin probes react selectively with superoxide or other radicals to generate a nitroxide signal that can be quantified by EPR spectroscopy. Superoxides 56-66 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 21-25 30688300-4 2019 Cell-permeable spin probes and spin probes designed to accumulate rapidly in the mitochondria allow for the determination of superoxide concentration in different cellular compartments. Superoxides 125-135 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 15-19 30688300-4 2019 Cell-permeable spin probes and spin probes designed to accumulate rapidly in the mitochondria allow for the determination of superoxide concentration in different cellular compartments. Superoxides 125-135 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 31-35 31140173-2 2019 NOX2 is the enzyme responsible for a huge superoxide formation in macrophages, essential to eliminate pathogens inside the phagosome. Superoxides 42-52 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 0-4 30389496-0 2019 Mitochondrial superoxide generation induces a parkinsonian phenotype in zebrafish and huntingtin aggregation in human cells. Superoxides 14-24 huntingtin Danio rerio 86-96 31172485-2 2019 NOX2 carries all redox stations through which electrons flow from NADPH to molecular oxygen, to generate the primary ROS, superoxide. Superoxides 122-132 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 0-4 30300960-5 2018 A time-dependent study shows that HemiSe can detect superoxide within 13 min with high sensitivity, high selectivity, over a wide pH range, and through confirmation with a xanthine/xanthine oxidase biochemical assay (lambdaem =439 nm). Superoxides 52-62 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 181-197 30622668-6 2018 Kallistatin via its heparin-binding site antagonizes TNF-alpha-induced senescence and superoxide formation, while kallistatin"s active site is essential for inhibiting miR-34a synthesis, thus elevating sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/eNOS synthesis in EPCs. Superoxides 86-96 serpin family A member 4 Homo sapiens 0-11 30312761-1 2018 Generation of superoxide by xanthine oxidase can be stimulated under ischemic and aberrant calcium homeostasis. Superoxides 14-24 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 28-44 30066461-6 2018 In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the redistribution of active nNOS molecules from sarcolemma to sarcoplasm not only is ahead of the atrophy of unloaded myofibers, and is induced by increased production of mitochondrial superoxide anion, but also drives FoxO3 activation to initiate muscle atrophy. Superoxides 230-246 nitric oxide synthase 1 Rattus norvegicus 73-77 30179714-8 2018 High level of mitochondrial superoxide generation was observed in the transfected cells and NS3-4A and NS4A triggered a cascade of activation starting from caspase-9, then caspase-7 and caspase-3 that ultimately led to the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase PARP. Superoxides 28-38 KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 92-95 30384445-5 2018 The NOX2 isoform of the NADPH oxidase family is considered a major enzymatic source of superoxide. Superoxides 87-97 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 4-8 30384445-7 2018 With the use of siRNA and pharmacological inhibitors, we further demonstrated that 8e regulates the formation of superoxide in activated microglia through the PI3Kgamma/AKT/NOX2 signaling pathway and subsequently prevents neuronal death in neighboring neurons. Superoxides 113-123 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 173-177 29683208-10 2018 In addition, downstream of ERK, CMC2.24 inhibited STAT3 phosphorylation levels at the serine 727 residue, enhanced the levels of superoxide anion in mitochondria, and induced intrinsic apoptosis as shown by the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria to the cytosol and the further cleavage of caspase 9 in PC cells. Superoxides 129-145 C-X9-C motif containing 2 Homo sapiens 32-36 30025448-5 2018 To confirm our hypothesis, we strived to design a three-channel ratio fluorescent probe, HCy-SeH, for superoxide anion (O2 -) and Hg2+ combined detection. Superoxides 102-118 epoxide hydrolase 2, cytoplasmic Mus musculus 93-96 30025448-5 2018 To confirm our hypothesis, we strived to design a three-channel ratio fluorescent probe, HCy-SeH, for superoxide anion (O2 -) and Hg2+ combined detection. Superoxides 120-122 epoxide hydrolase 2, cytoplasmic Mus musculus 93-96 30025448-9 2018 Once oxidized by O2 -, HCy-SeH recovers its pi-conjugated system back to a heptamethine cyanine derivative, Cy-SeH. Superoxides 17-19 epoxide hydrolase 2, cytoplasmic Mus musculus 27-30 30025448-9 2018 Once oxidized by O2 -, HCy-SeH recovers its pi-conjugated system back to a heptamethine cyanine derivative, Cy-SeH. Superoxides 17-19 epoxide hydrolase 2, cytoplasmic Mus musculus 111-114 28601846-2 2018 To explore novel biochemical parameters that explain susceptibility to infections, we investigated the expression of NOX2 and partners in neutrophils of patients with severe alcoholic cirrhosis and have provided a novel approach to restore superoxide production capacity in patients" neutrophils and blood. Superoxides 240-250 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 117-121 28601846-6 2018 RESULTS: The impaired superoxide production by patients" neutrophils was associated with a severe deficient expression of the NADPH oxidase catalytic core flavocytochrome-b558 (gp91 phox /NOX2 and p22 phox ), its cytosolic partner p47 phox but not p67 phox . Superoxides 22-32 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 177-186 28601846-6 2018 RESULTS: The impaired superoxide production by patients" neutrophils was associated with a severe deficient expression of the NADPH oxidase catalytic core flavocytochrome-b558 (gp91 phox /NOX2 and p22 phox ), its cytosolic partner p47 phox but not p67 phox . Superoxides 22-32 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 188-192 29702279-12 2018 HO-1 played important roles in the down-regulation of superoxide levels in lung tissues by cordycepin, and HO-1 expression induced by cordycepin affected nitrite and nitrate concentrations in plasma and iNOS protein expression in lung tissues. Superoxides 54-64 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 31565647-6 2018 Moreover, RQ-PCR analysis revealed that the enhanced cytotoxic effect of As2O3 in the presence of melatonin is mediated, at least partly, through suppressing the expression of NF-kappaB anti-apoptotic target genes such as MCL-1, BCL-2, survivin, XIAP, and c-IAP1 in breast cancer cells. Superoxides 73-78 X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis Homo sapiens 246-250 29718541-0 2018 Differential cell surface recruitment of the superoxide-producing NADPH oxidases Nox1, Nox2 and Nox5: The role of the small GTPase Sar1. Superoxides 45-55 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 87-91 28888781-8 2018 Siglec-8-mediated ROS was generated through reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activation because pretreatment of eosinophils with catalase (an extracellular superoxide scavenger) or NSC 23766 (a Rac GTPase inhibitor) completely inhibited Siglec-8-mediated eosinophil apoptosis. Superoxides 191-201 sialic acid binding Ig like lectin 8 Homo sapiens 0-8 29867936-11 2018 In Tgalphaq*44 mice with slowly developing HF, driven by cardiomyocyte-specific overexpression of Galphaq* protein, an increase in superoxide production, despite compensatory activation of antioxidative mechanisms, results in the development of oxidative modifications not only in cardiomyocytes but also in coronary endothelium, at the transition phase of HF, before the end-stage disease. Superoxides 131-141 guanine nucleotide binding protein, alpha q polypeptide Mus musculus 98-106 29477577-6 2018 The GPR84-mediated superoxide release was low in naive cells, but the response could be significantly primed by TNFalpha and by the actin cytoskeleton disrupting agent Latrunculin A. Superoxides 19-29 G protein-coupled receptor 84 Homo sapiens 4-9 29544732-7 2018 Similarly, LRWD1 knockdown resulted in the accumulation of H2O2 and superoxide anion radical (O2-). Superoxides 68-92 leucine rich repeats and WD repeat domain containing 1 Homo sapiens 11-16 29544732-7 2018 Similarly, LRWD1 knockdown resulted in the accumulation of H2O2 and superoxide anion radical (O2-). Superoxides 61-63 leucine rich repeats and WD repeat domain containing 1 Homo sapiens 11-16 29274570-6 2018 By contrast, O2 -/H2O2 production was augmented in cardiac mitochondria from GRX2+/- and GRX2-/- mice metabolizing pyruvate or 2-oxoglutarate which was associated with decreased PDH and OGDH protein levels. Superoxides 13-15 oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate) dehydrogenase (lipoamide) Mus musculus 186-190 29154191-5 2018 The involvement of CD11b in alpha-synuclein-induced activation of NOX2 was further confirmed in CD11b-/- microglia by showing reduced membrane translocation of NOX2 cytosolic subunit p47phox and superoxide production. Superoxides 195-205 integrin subunit alpha M Homo sapiens 19-24 29154191-5 2018 The involvement of CD11b in alpha-synuclein-induced activation of NOX2 was further confirmed in CD11b-/- microglia by showing reduced membrane translocation of NOX2 cytosolic subunit p47phox and superoxide production. Superoxides 195-205 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 66-70 29098905-8 2018 It was found that supplementation of endothelial cells with 50 nM of DCP-AM2 completely normalised the mitochondrial superoxide level. Superoxides 117-127 adrenomedullin 2 Mus musculus 73-76 29174818-7 2018 In vitro study revealed that methylglyoxal-derived AGE (MG-AGE) incubation in isolated cardiomyocytes promoted oxidation of sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a) and production of superoxide, the effects of which were negated by the autophagy inducer rapamycin, the ER stress chaperone TUDCA or the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Superoxides 193-203 ATPase, Ca++ transporting, cardiac muscle, slow twitch 2 Mus musculus 166-173 28285016-8 2018 This viewpoint changed recently with the discovery that GPER is associated with aging, particularly that of the cardiovascular system, where the GPER antagonist G36 reduced hypertension and GPER deficiency prevented cardiac fibrosis and vascular dysfunction with age, through the downregulation of Nox1 and as a consequence superoxide production. Superoxides 324-334 G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 Homo sapiens 56-60 28285016-8 2018 This viewpoint changed recently with the discovery that GPER is associated with aging, particularly that of the cardiovascular system, where the GPER antagonist G36 reduced hypertension and GPER deficiency prevented cardiac fibrosis and vascular dysfunction with age, through the downregulation of Nox1 and as a consequence superoxide production. Superoxides 324-334 G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 Homo sapiens 145-149 28285016-8 2018 This viewpoint changed recently with the discovery that GPER is associated with aging, particularly that of the cardiovascular system, where the GPER antagonist G36 reduced hypertension and GPER deficiency prevented cardiac fibrosis and vascular dysfunction with age, through the downregulation of Nox1 and as a consequence superoxide production. Superoxides 324-334 G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 Homo sapiens 145-149 29594540-4 2018 As a sensing material for monitoring superoxide anion (O2 -) and typically operated at 0.5 V (vs. SCE), it displays high sensitivity (9.6 muA muM-1 cm-2), a low detection limit (9.7 nM at S/N = 3), a wide linear response range (10 nM to 10 muM), and fast response (1.6 s). Superoxides 37-53 PWWP domain containing 3A, DNA repair factor Homo sapiens 142-147 29594540-4 2018 As a sensing material for monitoring superoxide anion (O2 -) and typically operated at 0.5 V (vs. SCE), it displays high sensitivity (9.6 muA muM-1 cm-2), a low detection limit (9.7 nM at S/N = 3), a wide linear response range (10 nM to 10 muM), and fast response (1.6 s). Superoxides 55-57 PWWP domain containing 3A, DNA repair factor Homo sapiens 142-147 28793782-7 2018 INNOVATION: For the first time, we demonstrate that dRP acts intracellularly and stimulates superoxide anion generation by direct binding and activation of the NOX2 enzymatic complex. Superoxides 92-108 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 160-164 29321004-1 2018 BACKGROUND: Small GTP binding protein Rac1 is a component of NADPH oxidases and is essential for superoxide-induced cell death. Superoxides 97-107 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 38-42 29742502-11 2018 Consistent with their antioxidant properties, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and Tan IIa suppressed superoxide and ROS production, protein oxidation, and apoptosis elicited by PDS. Superoxides 95-105 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 67-70 30084334-10 2018 They can induce the transcription factor, nuclear erythroid factor-2 mediated expression of superoxide dismutase- 2 in order to facilitate the antioxidant effect. Superoxides 92-102 transcription termination factor 2 Homo sapiens 60-68 29024093-4 2017 For CmO2+ , and AnO2+ beyond EsO2+ , the most stable structure has side-on bonded eta2 -(O2 ), as AnIII peroxides for An=Cm and Lr, and as AnII superoxides for An=Fm, Md, and No. Superoxides 144-155 anoctamin 2 Homo sapiens 16-20 29024093-4 2017 For CmO2+ , and AnO2+ beyond EsO2+ , the most stable structure has side-on bonded eta2 -(O2 ), as AnIII peroxides for An=Cm and Lr, and as AnII superoxides for An=Fm, Md, and No. Superoxides 144-155 cancer/testis antigen 2 Homo sapiens 29-33 28942246-0 2017 Inhibition of hepatocyte nuclear factor 1b induces hepatic steatosis through DPP4/NOX1-mediated regulation of superoxide. Superoxides 110-120 HNF1 homeobox B Mus musculus 14-42 28942246-13 2017 Knockdown of HNF1b increased superoxide level and decreased glutathione content, which was inhibited by downregulation of DPP4 and NOX1. Superoxides 29-39 HNF1 homeobox B Mus musculus 13-18 29084841-1 2017 The superoxide-forming NADPH oxidase homologues, Nox1, Nox2, and Nox5, seem to mediate the pro-atherosclerotic vascular phenotype. Superoxides 4-14 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 49-53 29084841-1 2017 The superoxide-forming NADPH oxidase homologues, Nox1, Nox2, and Nox5, seem to mediate the pro-atherosclerotic vascular phenotype. Superoxides 4-14 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 55-59 28759751-8 2017 Significantly, oxidative stress induced by CCl4 was also suppressed owing to the lack of Rac2, evidenced by enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, superoxide radical, H2O2, xanthine oxidase (XO), xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and XO/XDH ratio. Superoxides 196-214 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 4 Mus musculus 43-47 28780636-5 2017 It was demonstrated that the acidic conditions promoted the photoconversion of CN-2 by the active groups such as superoxide radical anion, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical produced in the system. Superoxides 113-137 carnosine dipeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 79-83 28673614-6 2017 H2O2 and the superoxide-generating quinoledione LY83583 both induced c-Src oxidation, SrcFK auto-phosphorylation and contraction in IPA. Superoxides 13-23 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Rattus norvegicus 69-74 28256000-4 2017 In the presence of DNP-INT, appearance of superoxide anion radicals outside thylakoid membrane represented approximately 60% of the total superoxide anion radicals produced. Superoxides 42-67 inturned planar cell polarity protein Homo sapiens 23-26 28256000-4 2017 In the presence of DNP-INT, appearance of superoxide anion radicals outside thylakoid membrane represented approximately 60% of the total superoxide anion radicals produced. Superoxides 138-163 inturned planar cell polarity protein Homo sapiens 23-26 28345875-4 2017 In these experiments superoxide is generated using the NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) substrate deoxynyboquinone (DNQ), and hydrogen peroxide is generated using the lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A) inhibitor NHI-Glc-2. Superoxides 21-31 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1 Mus musculus 55-87 28345875-4 2017 In these experiments superoxide is generated using the NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) substrate deoxynyboquinone (DNQ), and hydrogen peroxide is generated using the lactate dehydrogenase A (LDH-A) inhibitor NHI-Glc-2. Superoxides 21-31 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase, quinone 1 Mus musculus 89-93 28411231-6 2017 This protective effect of ANG-(1-7) was significantly attenuated by pretreatment with A779 (a Mas receptor antagonist) or Mito-TEMPO (a mitochondria-targeting superoxide scavenger) as well as blockade of Sirt3 (a deacetylation-acting protein) by viral vector-mediated overexpression of sirtuin (Sirt)3 short hairpin (sh)RNA. Superoxides 159-169 angiogenin Rattus norvegicus 26-29 28052871-2 2017 We hypothesized that myoglobin enhances the angiotensin II (ANG II) response in afferent arterioles by increasing superoxide and reducing nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Superoxides 114-124 myoglobin Mus musculus 21-30 28052871-11 2017 Myoglobin enhanced the superoxide-related fluorescence, and tempol prevented this enhancement. Superoxides 23-33 myoglobin Mus musculus 0-9 28052871-14 2017 The results suggest that the enhanced afferent arteriolar reactivity to ANG II is mainly due to a myoglobin-induced increase in superoxide and associated reduction in the NO bioavailability. Superoxides 128-138 myoglobin Mus musculus 98-107 28484701-13 2017 The results suggested that DUSP4 overexpression in cells decreases H/R-induced superoxide generation (1.56 +- 0.14 versus 1.19 +- 0.05) and thus reduces oxidant stress. Superoxides 79-89 dual specificity phosphatase 4 Homo sapiens 27-32 28108311-7 2017 Further, we found that RIP1 and RIP3 regulated shikonin-induced overproduction of ROS via causing excessive generation of mitochondrial superoxide and depletion of GSH, indicating that ROS was the downstream signal of RIP1 and RIP3. Superoxides 136-146 receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3 Mus musculus 32-36 28108311-7 2017 Further, we found that RIP1 and RIP3 regulated shikonin-induced overproduction of ROS via causing excessive generation of mitochondrial superoxide and depletion of GSH, indicating that ROS was the downstream signal of RIP1 and RIP3. Superoxides 136-146 receptor-interacting serine-threonine kinase 3 Mus musculus 227-231 28120038-2 2017 Mitochondrial NHE1 blockade delays permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening and reduces superoxide levels, two critical events exacerbated in cells of diseased hearts. Superoxides 91-101 solute carrier family 9 member A1 Rattus norvegicus 14-18 28179506-6 2017 Arteries of wild-type mice injected with rhTRX or mice with TRX overexpression exhibited decreased arterial stiffness, greater endothelium-dependent relaxation, increased nitric oxide production, and decreased superoxide anion (O2 -) generation compared to either saline-injected aged wild-type mice or mice with TRX deficiency. Superoxides 210-226 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 43-46 28179506-6 2017 Arteries of wild-type mice injected with rhTRX or mice with TRX overexpression exhibited decreased arterial stiffness, greater endothelium-dependent relaxation, increased nitric oxide production, and decreased superoxide anion (O2 -) generation compared to either saline-injected aged wild-type mice or mice with TRX deficiency. Superoxides 228-230 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 43-46 27543673-3 2017 Whether PI(3)P-p40phox-regulated superoxide production contributes to regulating inflammatory responses is not well understood. Superoxides 33-43 neutrophil cytosolic factor 4 Mus musculus 15-22 27816504-0 2017 NADPH oxidase (NOX) 1 mediates cigarette smoke-induced superoxide generation in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Superoxides 55-65 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-21 27816504-7 2017 NOX, specifically NOX1 was found to be an important cellular source of superoxide through experiments with the NOX inhibitors diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) and VAS2870 as well as isoform-specific NOX knockdown. Superoxides 71-81 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 18-22 28045936-9 2017 Diminished Trx2 and Prx3 expression was associated with accumulation of mitochondrial superoxide; however, only shRNA knockdown of Trx2 increased susceptibility to hyperoxic cell death and increased phosphorylation of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 (ASK1). Superoxides 86-96 peroxiredoxin 3 Homo sapiens 20-24 27638049-4 2016 Following ATO treatment, ATF4 activates NADPH oxidase by promoting assembly of the enzyme components Rac-1/P47phox/P67phox, which generates ROS/superoxides. Superoxides 144-155 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 25-29 27638049-4 2016 Following ATO treatment, ATF4 activates NADPH oxidase by promoting assembly of the enzyme components Rac-1/P47phox/P67phox, which generates ROS/superoxides. Superoxides 144-155 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 101-106 27638049-4 2016 Following ATO treatment, ATF4 activates NADPH oxidase by promoting assembly of the enzyme components Rac-1/P47phox/P67phox, which generates ROS/superoxides. Superoxides 144-155 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 107-114 27620389-8 2016 Furthermore, Klotho deficiency upregulated NADPH oxidase activity and superoxide production, increased collagen expression, and enhanced elastin fragmentation in the media of aortas. Superoxides 70-80 klotho Mus musculus 13-19 27770854-8 2016 Rh-HGF significantly induced phosphorylation of its receptor c-Met, increased the content of endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells, and decreased the generation of reactive oxygen species (superoxide anion and peroxynitrite) and extravasation of oxidized low-density lipoprotein in diabetic mice. Superoxides 193-209 hepatocyte growth factor Mus musculus 3-6 27380944-5 2016 Whilst, the exponential rise of O2(.-) is secondary to the focal accumulation of higher order lipid raft-Rac1/2-actin oligomers; O2(.-) mediated inactivation and redistribution of ECSOD, accounts for the minimal concentration of H2O2 that the phagocyte experiences. Superoxides 32-34 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 105-109 27380944-5 2016 Whilst, the exponential rise of O2(.-) is secondary to the focal accumulation of higher order lipid raft-Rac1/2-actin oligomers; O2(.-) mediated inactivation and redistribution of ECSOD, accounts for the minimal concentration of H2O2 that the phagocyte experiences. Superoxides 129-131 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 105-109 27514574-3 2016 Cultured fibroblasts from PEX13-deficient mouse embryo displayed similar changes, as well as increased levels of mitochondrial superoxide and membrane depolarization; this phenotype was rescued by antioxidant treatment. Superoxides 127-137 peroxisomal biogenesis factor 13 Mus musculus 26-31 27747304-0 2016 Superoxide anion scavenging activity of alk(en)yl phenol compounds by using PMS-NADH system. Superoxides 0-16 ALK receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 40-43 27431988-8 2016 Using ROS probes and selective anti-oxidants, we have shown that H2O2 and O2 - induced by LA are key players for the decrease of beta1 and beta3 integrins, respectively. Superoxides 67-69 UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 2 Homo sapiens 129-144 27529477-6 2016 Tempol, a superoxide scavenger, mimicked the effects of NOS-1 inhibition on inotropism and protein S-nitrosylation; whereas selective NOS-3 inhibitor L-N5-(1-Iminoethyl)ornithine had no effect. Superoxides 10-20 nitric oxide synthase 1 Rattus norvegicus 56-61 27383660-4 2016 Once O2 (-) binds to Cu(II) (evident at 233 K), the first step of the catalytic cycle (Cu(II) + O2 (-) Cu(I) + O2) does not follow but the second step (Cu(I) + O2 (-) + 2H(+) H2O2 + Cu(II)) does follow. Superoxides 5-7 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 87-114 27279484-2 2016 The present study focused on the role of Nox4 and p67phox/Nox2 in the generation of H2O2 and O2 ( -) in the renal medullary thick ascending limb of Henle (mTAL) of SS rats in response to increasing luminal flow (from 5 to 20 nl/min). Superoxides 86-88 NADPH oxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 41-45 27279484-2 2016 The present study focused on the role of Nox4 and p67phox/Nox2 in the generation of H2O2 and O2 ( -) in the renal medullary thick ascending limb of Henle (mTAL) of SS rats in response to increasing luminal flow (from 5 to 20 nl/min). Superoxides 86-88 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 58-62 27288452-6 2016 Moreover, staining with the mitochondrial-specific fluorescent probe MitoSox suggested increased levels of superoxide in patient cells with reduced levels of sacsin.Key to maintaining mitochondrial health is mitochondrial fission, which facilitates the dynamic exchange of mitochondrial components and separates damaged parts of the mitochondrial network for selective elimination by mitophagy. Superoxides 107-117 sacsin molecular chaperone Homo sapiens 158-164 26888829-5 2016 Following its overexpression in breast cancer cells, SH3GL2 translocated to mitochondria and induced the production of superoxide and release of cytochrome C from mitochondria to the cytoplasm. Superoxides 119-129 SH3 domain containing GRB2 like 2, endophilin A1 Homo sapiens 53-59 27222268-1 2016 Antioxidant 1 (ATOX1) functions as an antioxidant against hydrogen peroxide and superoxide, and therefore may play a significant role in many human diseases, including diabetes mellitus (DM). Superoxides 80-90 antioxidant 1 copper chaperone Homo sapiens 15-20 29235764-5 2016 Under decreased cytochrome b5 levels the electrons are transferred to oxygen, which leads to heightened generation of superoxide (O2 -) in comparison to control. Superoxides 118-128 cytochrome b5 type A Rattus norvegicus 16-29 27340545-0 2016 Progressive impairment of CaV1.1 function in the skeletal muscle of mice expressing a mutant type 1 Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (G93A) linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Superoxides 106-116 calcium channel, voltage-dependent, L type, alpha 1S subunit Mus musculus 26-32 27339206-2 2016 However, the contribution of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) as a source of the superoxide anion radical (O2-) in oxidative stress associated with asthma has not yet been examined in detail. Superoxides 78-102 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 29-52 27339206-2 2016 However, the contribution of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) as a source of the superoxide anion radical (O2-) in oxidative stress associated with asthma has not yet been examined in detail. Superoxides 78-102 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 54-57 27339206-2 2016 However, the contribution of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) as a source of the superoxide anion radical (O2-) in oxidative stress associated with asthma has not yet been examined in detail. Superoxides 104-106 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 29-52 27339206-2 2016 However, the contribution of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) as a source of the superoxide anion radical (O2-) in oxidative stress associated with asthma has not yet been examined in detail. Superoxides 104-106 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 54-57 27339206-4 2016 In the lungs of Df-treated mice, the production of O2 - from XOR increased and the nitrite concentrations decreased, whereas the protein expression of XOR remained unchanged. Superoxides 51-53 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 61-64 27012965-4 2016 The synergistic reduction of Ang II-induced contraction of diabetic but not normal aorta with minimally effective concentrations of P + Q occurs through inhibiting O2(-) and increasing NO bioavailability. Superoxides 164-166 angiogenin Rattus norvegicus 29-32 27184078-6 2016 We demonstrate that Smad2 is a key scaffold, allowing RIN1 to act as a GTP exchange factor for MFN2-GTPase activation to promote mitochondrial ATP synthesis and suppress superoxide production. Superoxides 170-180 mitofusin 2 Homo sapiens 95-99 26921441-3 2016 Lipidomic analysis indicated that G6PD inhibition and knockdown decreased 20-HETE levels in pulmonary arteries as well as 20-HETE-induced 1) mitochondrial superoxide production, 2) activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 and 3, 3) phosphorylation of ETS domain-containing protein Elk-1 that activate transcription of tumor necrosis factor-alpha gene (Tnfa), and 4) expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). Superoxides 155-165 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 34-38 26921441-4 2016 Moreover, inhibition of G6PD increased protein kinase G1alpha activity, which, at least partially, mitigated superoxide production and Elk-1 and TNF-alpha expression. Superoxides 109-119 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 24-28 26921441-6 2016 In summary, our findings indicate that 20-HETE elicited mitochondrial superoxide production and promoted secretory phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells by activating MAPK1-Elk-1, all of which are blocked by inhibition of G6PD. Superoxides 70-80 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 226-230 27335564-7 2016 Moreover, cyanidin markedly protected PC12 cells from Abeta-induced DNA damage by blocking reactive oxide species and superoxide accumulation. Superoxides 118-128 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 54-59 26840531-5 2016 Moreover, Tf-NGO@HPIP effectively induced cancer-cell apoptosis through activation of superoxide-mediated p53 and MAPK pathways along with inactivation of ERK and AKT. Superoxides 86-96 PBX homeobox interacting protein 1 Homo sapiens 17-21 26905073-6 2016 It is shown that the activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in tumor tissue correlate with the superoxide radicals generation rate and NO levels (r = 0.48/0.67, p < 0.05). Superoxides 84-103 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Homo sapiens 43-48 26264876-3 2016 Cells pretreated with MnTBAP, a superoxide scavenger not only lowered superoxide production, but also had lower levels of LC3-II and Beclin-1. Superoxides 32-42 beclin 1 Homo sapiens 133-141 26772654-8 2016 LPS primed neutrophils for enhanced release of formyl peptide-stimulated superoxide, in a serum- and LPS-binding protein (LBP)-dependent manner. Superoxides 73-83 lipopolysaccharide binding protein Homo sapiens 101-120 26772654-8 2016 LPS primed neutrophils for enhanced release of formyl peptide-stimulated superoxide, in a serum- and LPS-binding protein (LBP)-dependent manner. Superoxides 73-83 lipopolysaccharide binding protein Homo sapiens 122-125 27002165-0 2016 Correction: Elevated p62/SQSTM1 determines the fate of autophagy-deficient neural stem cells by increasing superoxide. Superoxides 107-117 sequestosome 1 Homo sapiens 21-24 27002165-0 2016 Correction: Elevated p62/SQSTM1 determines the fate of autophagy-deficient neural stem cells by increasing superoxide. Superoxides 107-117 sequestosome 1 Homo sapiens 25-31 26839313-1 2016 Using high throughput screening-compatible assays for superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, we identified potential inhibitors of the NADPH oxidase (Nox2) isoform from a small library of bioactive compounds. Superoxides 54-64 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 145-149 26839313-5 2016 We conclude that the newly developed high throughput screening/reactive oxygen species assays could also be used to identify potential inhibitors of ONOO(-)formed from Nox2-derived O2 ()and nitric oxide synthase-derived nitric oxide. Superoxides 181-183 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 168-172 26768586-13 2016 We demonstrate that GB decreases superoxide generation and the subsequent apoptosis through reduction of p53-mediated NOX4/p66(shc) pathway via up-regulation of miR214, resulting in attenuation of cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity. Superoxides 33-43 SHC adaptor protein 1 Homo sapiens 127-130 26454083-3 2016 A NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (P450R) was isolated and identified from rat liver microsomes as the enzyme responsible for not only the release of nitrite from TNT but also formation of superoxide and 4-hydroxyamino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-HADNT) under aerobic conditions. Superoxides 189-199 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Rattus norvegicus 2-33 26824355-6 2016 Using RNA interference, we showed that ARF6 is essential for ROS generation since in conditions where this GTPase was knocked down, Ang II could no longer promote superoxide anion production. Superoxides 163-179 ADP-ribosylation factor 6 Rattus norvegicus 39-43 26536848-8 2016 NAC also efficiently prevented the production of superoxide anion, mitochondrial membrane depolarization, intracellular acidification and the oxidation of protein free thiols caused by Stattic V. These results show that the deleterious effects of Stattic V on sperm functions are caused directly or indirectly by excessive intracellular ROS production without causing sperm apoptosis or necrosis. Superoxides 49-65 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 0-3 28132468-7 2016 It was found that some mutations in cytochrome b influence the movement of ISP and, in consequence, the levels of superoxide generation. Superoxides 114-124 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 36-48 26646468-4 2015 The molecular oxygen activation process could generate superoxide anions to accelerate the Fe(II)/Fe(III) cycle on the syn-FeS2 surface, which favored the H2O2 decomposition to generate more hydroxyl radicals for the alachlor oxidation. Superoxides 55-72 synemin Homo sapiens 119-122 26456056-5 2015 The addition of Hsp90 alone only modestly increases Nox5 enzyme activity but in combination with the co-chaperones, Hsp70, HOP, Hsp40, and p23 it robustly stimulated superoxide, but not hydrogen peroxide, production. Superoxides 166-176 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 Homo sapiens 116-121 26456836-11 2015 Curcumin also inhibited superoxide anion-induced leukocyte recruitment in the peritoneal cavity and in the paw skin inhibited myeloperoxidase activity, oxidative stress, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha production and NF-kappaB activation as well as enhanced IL-10 production, and HO-1 and Nrf2 mRNA expression. Superoxides 24-40 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 249-254 25925080-2 2015 Since mitochondrial uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) plays antioxidant and insulin-regulating roles in pancreatic beta-cells, we tested our hypothesis, that UCP2-mediated uncoupling attenuating mitochondrial superoxide production is initiated by FA release due to a direct H2O2-induced activation of mitochondrial phospholipase iPLA2gamma. Superoxides 203-213 uncoupling protein 2 Rattus norvegicus 6-40 25925080-2 2015 Since mitochondrial uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) plays antioxidant and insulin-regulating roles in pancreatic beta-cells, we tested our hypothesis, that UCP2-mediated uncoupling attenuating mitochondrial superoxide production is initiated by FA release due to a direct H2O2-induced activation of mitochondrial phospholipase iPLA2gamma. Superoxides 203-213 uncoupling protein 2 Rattus norvegicus 42-46 25925080-2 2015 Since mitochondrial uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2) plays antioxidant and insulin-regulating roles in pancreatic beta-cells, we tested our hypothesis, that UCP2-mediated uncoupling attenuating mitochondrial superoxide production is initiated by FA release due to a direct H2O2-induced activation of mitochondrial phospholipase iPLA2gamma. Superoxides 203-213 uncoupling protein 2 Rattus norvegicus 152-156 26219626-4 2015 We show that pan-neuronal loss or gain of CycD/Cdk4 increases mitochondrial superoxide, oxidative stress markers, and neurodegeneration and decreases lifespan. Superoxides 76-86 Cyclin D Drosophila melanogaster 42-46 26219626-4 2015 We show that pan-neuronal loss or gain of CycD/Cdk4 increases mitochondrial superoxide, oxidative stress markers, and neurodegeneration and decreases lifespan. Superoxides 76-86 Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 Drosophila melanogaster 47-51 25865156-7 2015 ISO increased the protein levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, but at the same time it markedly up-regulated mRNA and protein levels of gp91phox, a catalytical subunit of superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 179-189 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 144-152 26245902-0 2015 Mitochondrial Disease-related Mutation G167P in Cytochrome b of Rhodobacter capsulatus Cytochrome bc1 (S151P in Human) Affects the Equilibrium Distribution of [2Fe-2S] Cluster and Generation of Superoxide. Superoxides 194-204 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 48-60 26291484-0 2015 Superoxide anion-induced pain and inflammation depends on TNFalpha/TNFR1 signaling in mice. Superoxides 0-16 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1a Mus musculus 67-72 26291484-4 2015 Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 deficiency (TNFR1-/-) and treatment of wild-type mice with etanercept (a soluble TNFR2 receptor that inhibits TNFalpha actions) inhibited superoxide anion-induced pain-like behaviors. Superoxides 171-187 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1a Mus musculus 0-32 26291484-4 2015 Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 deficiency (TNFR1-/-) and treatment of wild-type mice with etanercept (a soluble TNFR2 receptor that inhibits TNFalpha actions) inhibited superoxide anion-induced pain-like behaviors. Superoxides 171-187 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1a Mus musculus 45-50 26291484-4 2015 Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 deficiency (TNFR1-/-) and treatment of wild-type mice with etanercept (a soluble TNFR2 receptor that inhibits TNFalpha actions) inhibited superoxide anion-induced pain-like behaviors. Superoxides 171-187 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1a Mus musculus 114-119 26291484-5 2015 TNFR1(-/-) mice were also protected from superoxide anion donor-induced oxidative stress, suggesting the role of this pathway in the maintenance of oxidative stress. Superoxides 41-57 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1a Mus musculus 0-5 26291484-7 2015 These results demonstrate that TNFalpha/TNFR1 signaling is important in superoxide anion-triggered pain and that TNFalpha/TNFR1 signaling amplifies the oxidative stress triggered by superoxide anion, which contributes to sustaining pain and inflammation. Superoxides 72-88 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1a Mus musculus 40-45 26291484-7 2015 These results demonstrate that TNFalpha/TNFR1 signaling is important in superoxide anion-triggered pain and that TNFalpha/TNFR1 signaling amplifies the oxidative stress triggered by superoxide anion, which contributes to sustaining pain and inflammation. Superoxides 182-198 tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1a Mus musculus 122-127 26206339-6 2015 It is known that greater eNOS monomers than dimers implies the inability of eNOS to produce NO leading to superoxide production and endothelial/vascular barrier dysfunction. Superoxides 106-116 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 25-29 26206339-6 2015 It is known that greater eNOS monomers than dimers implies the inability of eNOS to produce NO leading to superoxide production and endothelial/vascular barrier dysfunction. Superoxides 106-116 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 76-80 26198639-6 2015 Herein we demonstrate that a metabolic shift toward the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is necessary for NET release because glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), an important enzyme from PPP, fuels NADPH oxidase with NADPH to produce superoxide and thus induce NETs. Superoxides 239-249 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 125-158 26198639-6 2015 Herein we demonstrate that a metabolic shift toward the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is necessary for NET release because glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), an important enzyme from PPP, fuels NADPH oxidase with NADPH to produce superoxide and thus induce NETs. Superoxides 239-249 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 160-164 26335571-4 2015 Compared to other antioxidants that act against particular beta-cell damages, metallothionein (MT) is the most effective in protecting beta-cells from several oxidative stressors including nitric oxide, peroxynitrite, hydrogen peroxide, superoxide and streptozotocin (STZ). Superoxides 237-247 tRNA glycine, mitochondrial Mus musculus 95-97 25764338-5 2015 There was decrease in mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity in arsenic-treated rat brain further showing increased superoxide radical generation in mitochondria. Superoxides 129-147 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 22-56 25764338-5 2015 There was decrease in mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) activity in arsenic-treated rat brain further showing increased superoxide radical generation in mitochondria. Superoxides 129-147 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 58-63 25951298-1 2015 Activation of the phagocytic NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX-2) in neutrophils is a critical process in the innate immune system and is associated with elevated local concentrations of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hypochlorous acid. Superoxides 174-184 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 29-44 25951298-1 2015 Activation of the phagocytic NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX-2) in neutrophils is a critical process in the innate immune system and is associated with elevated local concentrations of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hypochlorous acid. Superoxides 174-184 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 46-51 25752509-1 2015 The human CYBB gene encodes the gp91-phox component of the phagocyte oxidase enzyme complex, which is responsible for generating superoxide and other downstream reactive oxygen species essential to microbial killing. Superoxides 129-139 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 10-14 26032259-11 2015 SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrates that exogenous testosterone supplementation protects cardiac myocytes from superoxide injury via AR mediation and dependent on normally functional canonical NF-kappaB (RelA/p50) signalling pathways. Superoxides 113-123 androgen receptor Rattus norvegicus 135-137 26013064-3 2015 Impurities include residual protons and protic compounds that can react with oxygen species, such as the superoxide (O2 (-) ), a reactive, one-electron reduction product of oxygen. Superoxides 105-115 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 117-123 25616357-4 2015 The Asm/ceramide system triggered the formation of superoxide, resulting in degradation of tight junction proteins followed by lung edema. Superoxides 51-61 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1, acid lysosomal Mus musculus 4-7 25601712-5 2015 Inhibition of catalase abolished not only O2 production from H2O2 degradation, but also NOX2-dependent superoxide production in the podocytes challenged by both H2O2 and acute ethanol. Superoxides 103-113 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 88-92 25663126-1 2015 Heme-containing catalases and catalase-peroxidases catalyze the dismutation of hydrogen peroxide as their predominant catalytic activity, but in addition, individual enzymes support low levels of peroxidase and oxidase activities, produce superoxide, and activate isoniazid as an antitubercular drug. Superoxides 239-249 AKO65_RS18850 Bacillus pumilus 16-24 25874999-0 2015 Correction: Ras and Rac1, frequently mutated in melanomas, are activated by superoxide anion, modulate Dnmt1 level and are causally related to melanocyte malignant transformation. Superoxides 76-92 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 20-24 25874999-0 2015 Correction: Ras and Rac1, frequently mutated in melanomas, are activated by superoxide anion, modulate Dnmt1 level and are causally related to melanocyte malignant transformation. Superoxides 76-92 DNA methyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 103-108 25576627-6 2015 In gKO myocytes expressing Trpm2 or its mutants, Trpm2 but not E960D reduced the elevated mitochondrial superoxide (O2(.-)) levels in gKO myocytes. Superoxides 104-114 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily M, member 2 Mus musculus 49-54 25750260-0 2015 Novel human homologues of p47phox and p67phox participate in activation of superoxide-producing NADPH oxidases. Superoxides 75-85 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 26-33 25697226-3 2015 This complex mimics the putative Cu(II)(O2( -)) active species of the copper monooxygenase PHM and exhibits enhanced reactivity toward both O-H and C-H substrates in comparison to close analogues [(L)Cu(II)(O2( -))](+), where L contains only nitrogen donor atoms. Superoxides 40-42 peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase Homo sapiens 91-94 25697226-3 2015 This complex mimics the putative Cu(II)(O2( -)) active species of the copper monooxygenase PHM and exhibits enhanced reactivity toward both O-H and C-H substrates in comparison to close analogues [(L)Cu(II)(O2( -))](+), where L contains only nitrogen donor atoms. Superoxides 207-209 peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase Homo sapiens 91-94 25460197-3 2015 In particular, we examined the levels of 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal protein adducts (HNE-PA), a by-product of lipid peroxidation, and the activation of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), as cellular source of superoxide (O(2)(-)), in surgically resected epileptic tissue from drug-resistant patients (N=50). Superoxides 191-201 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 145-160 25714339-1 2015 One way that aerobic biological systems counteract the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is with superoxide dismutase proteins SOD1 and SOD2 that metabolize superoxide radicals to molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide or scavenge oxygen radicals produced by the extensive oxidation-reduction and electron-transport reactions that occur in mitochondria. Superoxides 167-186 Mn superoxide dismutase Bombyx mori 146-150 25619203-7 2015 We also provided evidence for Nox2 NADPH oxidase (Nox) activation through gp91dstat-mediated inhibition of superoxide signals. Superoxides 107-117 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 30-34 25699251-1 2015 The superoxide (O( -) 2)-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes consists of a membrane component, cytochrome b 558 (a heterodimer of Nox2 and p22 (phox) ), and four cytosolic components, p47 (phox) , p67 (phox) , p40 (phox) , and Rac. Superoxides 4-14 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 98-110 25699251-1 2015 The superoxide (O( -) 2)-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes consists of a membrane component, cytochrome b 558 (a heterodimer of Nox2 and p22 (phox) ), and four cytosolic components, p47 (phox) , p67 (phox) , p40 (phox) , and Rac. Superoxides 4-14 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 133-137 25410532-5 2015 beta-HB pretreatment also relieves the oxidative stress in Abeta-induced PC-12 cells, as shown by decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species and Ca(2+) levels, activated Nrf2 and recovered superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. Superoxides 194-204 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 59-64 25483558-9 2015 We also found that levels or immunoreactivities of superoxide anion, 8-hydroxy-2"-deoxyguanosine and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal were significantly decreased in the CA1 of both IPC+sham-operated- and IPC+ischemia-operated groups. Superoxides 51-67 carbonic anhydrase 1 Homo sapiens 157-160 25395306-10 2015 Finally, incubation of the human cardiomyocytes with V122I TTR but not with T119M TTR, generates superoxide species and activates caspase 3/7. Superoxides 97-107 transthyretin Homo sapiens 59-62 26155184-11 2015 CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that IFN-gamma treatment may increase the oxidative bursting activity by increasing the superoxide production in neutrophils, particularly in gp91phox subtype. Superoxides 118-128 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 172-180 25520316-0 2015 Superoxide anion radicals induce IGF-1 resistance through concomitant activation of PTP1B and PTEN. Superoxides 0-25 protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 1 Mus musculus 84-89 25520316-5 2015 Enhanced O2 - led to activation of the phosphatases PTP1B and PTEN, which via dephosphorylation of the IGF-1 receptor and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-triphosphate dampened IGF-1 signalling. Superoxides 9-11 protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 1 Mus musculus 52-57 25520316-6 2015 Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of PTP1B and PTEN abrogated O2 --induced IGF-1 resistance and rescued the ageing skin phenotype. Superoxides 65-67 protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 1 Mus musculus 40-45 26495730-4 2015 We made the assumption of the existence of the vicious circle of enhancing oxidative stress in organs of the cardiovascular system due to additional superoxide generation by uncoupling cNOS. Superoxides 149-159 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 185-189 25326132-8 2015 Importantly, we also observed an induction of Notch3 and Hes1 expression in two murine models of muscle atrophy: a doxorubicin-induced cachexia model and an ALS murine model expressing mutated superoxide dismutase 1. Superoxides 193-203 notch 3 Mus musculus 46-52 25688176-7 2015 The levels of superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide as well as NADPH oxidase activity were also decreased in UUO kidneys of sEH (-/-) mice compared to that observed in WT mice. Superoxides 14-38 epoxide hydrolase 2, cytoplasmic Mus musculus 133-136 25501034-4 2014 The initial cold-induced vasoconstriction is mediated via TRPA1-dependent superoxide production that stimulates alpha2C-adrenoceptors and Rho-kinase-mediated MLC phosphorylation, downstream of TRPA1 activation. Superoxides 74-84 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1 Mus musculus 58-63 25501034-4 2014 The initial cold-induced vasoconstriction is mediated via TRPA1-dependent superoxide production that stimulates alpha2C-adrenoceptors and Rho-kinase-mediated MLC phosphorylation, downstream of TRPA1 activation. Superoxides 74-84 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1 Mus musculus 193-198 25242205-8 2014 On the other hand, intracellular DAFT formation stimulated by a fixed flux of xanthine oxidase-derived extracellular O2(-) that also occurs by nitrosation and oxidative nitrosylation increased, peaked, and then decreased with increasing NO, as previously observed. Superoxides 117-119 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 78-94 25151272-6 2014 Superoxide anion (O2(.-)) accumulation was measured with the reduction of ferricytochrome c. Compared with the control group, angiotensin II up-regulated expression of PKCbetaII, Pin-1 and PP2A, induced p66(Shc)-Ser(36) phosphorylation, and facilitated p66(Shc) mitochondrial translocation, resulting in O2(.-) accumulation, mitochondrial cytochrome c release, caspase 3 activation, and the inhibition of cell viability. Superoxides 0-16 src homology 2 domain-containing transforming protein C1 Mus musculus 203-206 25151272-6 2014 Superoxide anion (O2(.-)) accumulation was measured with the reduction of ferricytochrome c. Compared with the control group, angiotensin II up-regulated expression of PKCbetaII, Pin-1 and PP2A, induced p66(Shc)-Ser(36) phosphorylation, and facilitated p66(Shc) mitochondrial translocation, resulting in O2(.-) accumulation, mitochondrial cytochrome c release, caspase 3 activation, and the inhibition of cell viability. Superoxides 0-16 src homology 2 domain-containing transforming protein C1 Mus musculus 207-210 25151272-6 2014 Superoxide anion (O2(.-)) accumulation was measured with the reduction of ferricytochrome c. Compared with the control group, angiotensin II up-regulated expression of PKCbetaII, Pin-1 and PP2A, induced p66(Shc)-Ser(36) phosphorylation, and facilitated p66(Shc) mitochondrial translocation, resulting in O2(.-) accumulation, mitochondrial cytochrome c release, caspase 3 activation, and the inhibition of cell viability. Superoxides 0-16 src homology 2 domain-containing transforming protein C1 Mus musculus 253-256 25151272-6 2014 Superoxide anion (O2(.-)) accumulation was measured with the reduction of ferricytochrome c. Compared with the control group, angiotensin II up-regulated expression of PKCbetaII, Pin-1 and PP2A, induced p66(Shc)-Ser(36) phosphorylation, and facilitated p66(Shc) mitochondrial translocation, resulting in O2(.-) accumulation, mitochondrial cytochrome c release, caspase 3 activation, and the inhibition of cell viability. Superoxides 0-16 src homology 2 domain-containing transforming protein C1 Mus musculus 257-260 25151272-6 2014 Superoxide anion (O2(.-)) accumulation was measured with the reduction of ferricytochrome c. Compared with the control group, angiotensin II up-regulated expression of PKCbetaII, Pin-1 and PP2A, induced p66(Shc)-Ser(36) phosphorylation, and facilitated p66(Shc) mitochondrial translocation, resulting in O2(.-) accumulation, mitochondrial cytochrome c release, caspase 3 activation, and the inhibition of cell viability. Superoxides 0-16 caspase 3 Mus musculus 361-370 25182162-6 2014 In addition, collectrin-deficient mice display decreased dimerization of nitric oxide synthase and decreased nitric oxide synthesis, but enhanced superoxide generation, suggesting that deletion of collectrin leads to a state of nitric oxide synthase uncoupling. Superoxides 146-156 collectrin, amino acid transport regulator Mus musculus 13-23 24929065-10 2014 Increasing generation of superoxide radicals visualized by hydroethidine was noted at P8 and reached a peak at P14. Superoxides 25-35 S100 calcium binding protein A9 (calgranulin B) Mus musculus 111-114 24498891-13 2014 Potential mechanisms mediating the effects of chemerin in the vasculature include eNOS uncoupling, increased O2- generation and reduced GC activity. Superoxides 109-111 retinoic acid receptor responder 2 Rattus norvegicus 46-54 24948357-4 2014 Nuclear translocation of AIF and EndoG was accompanied by low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased mitochondrial production of superoxide. Superoxides 144-154 apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 1 Homo sapiens 25-28 24948357-4 2014 Nuclear translocation of AIF and EndoG was accompanied by low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased mitochondrial production of superoxide. Superoxides 144-154 endonuclease G Homo sapiens 33-38 24727558-7 2014 In addition, compared to Quercetin, the tested synthetic product reveals a relatively-strong antiradical activity towards the DPPH (activity percentage of 81.22%) free radicals and significantly decreased the reactive oxygen species such as (O2(-)) formation evaluated by the non-enzymatic (nitroblue tetrazolium/riboflavine) and the enzymatic (xanthine/xanthine oxidase) systems. Superoxides 242-247 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 354-370 24561578-4 2014 Further, oxLDL induced Nox2/superoxide-dependent TRAF3IP2 expression, IKK/p65 and JNK/c-Jun activation, and LOX-1 upregulation, suggesting a reinforcing mechanism. Superoxides 28-38 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 23-27 24561578-4 2014 Further, oxLDL induced Nox2/superoxide-dependent TRAF3IP2 expression, IKK/p65 and JNK/c-Jun activation, and LOX-1 upregulation, suggesting a reinforcing mechanism. Superoxides 28-38 TRAF3 interacting protein 2 Homo sapiens 49-57 24561578-4 2014 Further, oxLDL induced Nox2/superoxide-dependent TRAF3IP2 expression, IKK/p65 and JNK/c-Jun activation, and LOX-1 upregulation, suggesting a reinforcing mechanism. Superoxides 28-38 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 86-91 24491917-0 2014 A novel receptor cross-talk between the ATP receptor P2Y2 and formyl peptide receptors reactivates desensitized neutrophils to produce superoxide. Superoxides 135-145 purinergic receptor P2Y2 Homo sapiens 53-57 24681944-3 2014 We propose that O2 - and H2O2 production in some metabolic processes occur through singlet-triplet modulation of semiquinone flavin (FADH ) enzymes and O2 - spin-correlated radical pairs. Superoxides 16-18 spindlin 1 Rattus norvegicus 157-161 24361613-8 2014 Changes in superoxide, 8-OHdG, glutathione and nitrotyrosine levels indicated that HSA-Trx significantly suppressed renal oxidative stress. Superoxides 11-21 thioredoxin 1 Mus musculus 87-90 24152968-6 2014 Increased glomerular superoxide, upregulated renal NAD(P)H oxidase, and reduced renal cAMP and protein kinase A (PKA) activity were noted in the Glp1r knockout C57BL/6-Akita mice. Superoxides 21-31 glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor Mus musculus 145-150 24152968-7 2014 Treatment with the GLP-1R agonist liraglutide suppressed the progression of nephropathy in KK/Ta-Akita mice, as demonstrated by reduced albuminuria and mesangial expansion, decreased levels of glomerular superoxide and renal NAD(P)H oxidase, and elevated renal cAMP and PKA activity. Superoxides 204-214 glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor Mus musculus 19-25 24073824-13 2014 These results suggest that at least superoxide could be produced after exposure of thyroid cells to Th1 cytokines. Superoxides 36-46 negative elongation factor complex member C/D Homo sapiens 100-103 24436331-3 2014 Here we show that MPO activity can be assessed using hydroethidine (HE), a probe commonly employed for the detection of superoxide. Superoxides 120-130 myeloperoxidase Mus musculus 18-21 24322611-1 2014 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes, including extracellular SOD (ecSOD), are important for scavenging superoxide radicals (O2( -)) in the vasculature. Superoxides 102-112 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 22-25 24322611-1 2014 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes, including extracellular SOD (ecSOD), are important for scavenging superoxide radicals (O2( -)) in the vasculature. Superoxides 102-112 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 46-63 24322611-1 2014 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes, including extracellular SOD (ecSOD), are important for scavenging superoxide radicals (O2( -)) in the vasculature. Superoxides 102-112 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 65-70 24322611-1 2014 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes, including extracellular SOD (ecSOD), are important for scavenging superoxide radicals (O2( -)) in the vasculature. Superoxides 123-129 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 22-25 24322611-1 2014 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes, including extracellular SOD (ecSOD), are important for scavenging superoxide radicals (O2( -)) in the vasculature. Superoxides 123-129 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 46-63 24322611-1 2014 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes, including extracellular SOD (ecSOD), are important for scavenging superoxide radicals (O2( -)) in the vasculature. Superoxides 123-129 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 65-70 24211329-6 2014 We demonstrated that (1) STZ-diabetes impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation to ACh to a greater extent in female than male aortae, (2) inhibition of superoxide enhanced sensitivity to ACh only in diabetic females, and (3) Nox1 and Nox4 mRNA expression were significantly elevated only in aortic tissue of diabetic females. Superoxides 157-167 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 230-234 24211329-6 2014 We demonstrated that (1) STZ-diabetes impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation to ACh to a greater extent in female than male aortae, (2) inhibition of superoxide enhanced sensitivity to ACh only in diabetic females, and (3) Nox1 and Nox4 mRNA expression were significantly elevated only in aortic tissue of diabetic females. Superoxides 157-167 NADPH oxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 239-243 24407242-4 2014 P-JNK plus adenosine 5"-triphosphate (ATP) added to isolated liver mitochondria promoted superoxide production, which was amplified by addition of calcium and inhibited by a blocking peptide corresponding to the JNK binding site on Sab (KIM1). Superoxides 89-99 hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 Homo sapiens 237-241 23786249-9 2014 Two missed myocarditis cases from IL-10 prediction were resolved by superoxide ion levels. Superoxides 68-78 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 34-39 23875703-8 2014 Losartan-induced up-regulation of HIF-1alpha and Wnt/beta-catenin signalling was associated with the recovery of IR-inhibited hepatic Bcl-2, Mn-SOD (manganese superoxide), Cu/Zn-SOD (copper/zinc superoxide) and GSH levels, and the suppression of IR-increased hepatic catalase and caspase 3/caspase 8 levels in MCD/HF-NASH rats. Superoxides 159-169 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 34-44 24148796-5 2014 Furthermore, the relatively lower superoxide radical (O2( -)) and H2O2 levels in the sense plants were considered to be due to the higher ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, which seemed unlikely dependent on their transcription level. Superoxides 34-52 cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase 2 Solanum lycopersicum 138-158 24148796-5 2014 Furthermore, the relatively lower superoxide radical (O2( -)) and H2O2 levels in the sense plants were considered to be due to the higher ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, which seemed unlikely dependent on their transcription level. Superoxides 34-52 cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase 2 Solanum lycopersicum 160-163 24148796-5 2014 Furthermore, the relatively lower superoxide radical (O2( -)) and H2O2 levels in the sense plants were considered to be due to the higher ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, which seemed unlikely dependent on their transcription level. Superoxides 54-56 cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase 2 Solanum lycopersicum 138-158 24148796-5 2014 Furthermore, the relatively lower superoxide radical (O2( -)) and H2O2 levels in the sense plants were considered to be due to the higher ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, which seemed unlikely dependent on their transcription level. Superoxides 54-56 cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase 2 Solanum lycopersicum 160-163 24068103-2 2014 O2(-) was generated in Krebs" solution by reacting hypoxanthine with xanthine oxidase (Hx-XO) or with the O2(-) generator pyrogallol to model acute oxidative stress in vitro. Superoxides 0-2 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 69-85 23706097-12 2013 CONCLUSION: In contrast to hypoxia-induced PH, Nox1 but not Nox4 is responsible for pathophysiological proliferation and migration of PASMC in an inflammatory model of MCT-induced PH via increased superoxide production. Superoxides 197-207 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 47-51 24358134-0 2013 Ras and Rac1, frequently mutated in melanomas, are activated by superoxide anion, modulate Dnmt1 level and are causally related to melanocyte malignant transformation. Superoxides 64-80 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 8-12 24358134-2 2013 Our group has already showed that increased superoxide level leads to global DNA hypermemethylation as well increased Dnmt1 expression few hours after melanocyte anchorage blockade. Superoxides 44-54 DNA methyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 118-123 24358134-3 2013 Here, we showed that Ras/Rac1/ERK signaling pathway is activated in melanocytes submitted to anchorage impediment, regulating superoxide levels, global DNA methylation, and Dnmt1 expression. Superoxides 126-136 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 25-29 24358134-4 2013 Interestingly, Ras and Rac1 activation is not related to codon mutations, but instead regulated by superoxide. Superoxides 99-109 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 23-27 23832602-2 2013 Superoxide radical-generating menadione and serum deprivation diminished the steady-state mRNA levels for the genes phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), ubiquitin specific peptidase 28 (USP28), damage-regulated autophagy modulator (DRAM), TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR), and cylindromatosis (CYLD). Superoxides 0-18 ubiquitin specific peptidase 28 Homo sapiens 155-186 23832602-2 2013 Superoxide radical-generating menadione and serum deprivation diminished the steady-state mRNA levels for the genes phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), ubiquitin specific peptidase 28 (USP28), damage-regulated autophagy modulator (DRAM), TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR), and cylindromatosis (CYLD). Superoxides 0-18 ubiquitin specific peptidase 28 Homo sapiens 188-193 23832602-2 2013 Superoxide radical-generating menadione and serum deprivation diminished the steady-state mRNA levels for the genes phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), ubiquitin specific peptidase 28 (USP28), damage-regulated autophagy modulator (DRAM), TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR), and cylindromatosis (CYLD). Superoxides 0-18 CYLD lysine 63 deubiquitinase Homo sapiens 302-317 23832602-2 2013 Superoxide radical-generating menadione and serum deprivation diminished the steady-state mRNA levels for the genes phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), ubiquitin specific peptidase 28 (USP28), damage-regulated autophagy modulator (DRAM), TP53-induced glycolysis and apoptosis regulator (TIGAR), and cylindromatosis (CYLD). Superoxides 0-18 CYLD lysine 63 deubiquitinase Homo sapiens 319-323 24340135-1 2013 AIM: To understand the role of mitochondrial-produced superoxide (O2 ( -)) in the regulation of iron-regulatory hormone, hepcidin by alcohol in the liver. Superoxides 54-64 hepcidin antimicrobial peptide Mus musculus 121-129 24340135-1 2013 AIM: To understand the role of mitochondrial-produced superoxide (O2 ( -)) in the regulation of iron-regulatory hormone, hepcidin by alcohol in the liver. Superoxides 66-68 hepcidin antimicrobial peptide Mus musculus 121-129 24046361-4 2013 In mice, the mutational inactivation of Sesn2 prevents the development of cigarette-smoke-induced pulmonary emphysema by upregulating PDGFRbeta expression via a selective accumulation of intracellular superoxide anions (O2(-)). Superoxides 201-218 sestrin 2 Mus musculus 40-45 24046361-4 2013 In mice, the mutational inactivation of Sesn2 prevents the development of cigarette-smoke-induced pulmonary emphysema by upregulating PDGFRbeta expression via a selective accumulation of intracellular superoxide anions (O2(-)). Superoxides 220-222 sestrin 2 Mus musculus 40-45 23792701-6 2013 Rac1 belongs to the Rho GTPases of the Ras protein superfamily involved in the regulation of multiple cell functions, including cell proliferation, chemotaxis, phagocytosis, degranulation, and superoxide production. Superoxides 193-203 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 23732300-3 2013 It also reduced mitochondrial superoxides and caspase activity in CD45(+) cells. Superoxides 30-41 protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C Homo sapiens 66-70 23091050-4 2012 LV superoxide (O(2)( -)) production was increased in nNOS(-/-) mice and reduced by L-N(omega)-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME), indicating uncoupling of eNOS activity. Superoxides 3-13 nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal Mus musculus 53-57 23091050-4 2012 LV superoxide (O(2)( -)) production was increased in nNOS(-/-) mice and reduced by L-N(omega)-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME), indicating uncoupling of eNOS activity. Superoxides 15-20 nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal Mus musculus 53-57 23091050-6 2012 Although inhibitors of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) or NOX2 NADPH oxidase caused a similar reduction in myocardial O(2)( -), only XOR inhibition reduced eNOS S-glutathionylation and Ser-1177 phosphorylation and restored both eNOS coupled activity and the negative inotropic and [Ca(2+)](i) transient response to beta(3)-AR stimulation in nNOS(-/-) mice. Superoxides 116-120 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 56-60 23091050-7 2012 In summary, our data show that increased O(2)( -) production by XOR selectively uncouples eNOS activity and abolishes the negative inotropic effect of beta(3)-AR stimulation in nNOS(-/-) myocytes. Superoxides 41-45 nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal Mus musculus 177-181 22982566-9 2012 This report shows for the first time that hypoxia increases PRIMA-1 toxicity in human breast cancer cells, partly by modulating p53 conformation and by inducing superoxide turnover. Superoxides 161-171 proline rich membrane anchor 1 Homo sapiens 60-67 23235461-4 2012 AUL12 inhibits the respiratory complex I and causes a rapid burst of mitochondrial superoxide levels, leading to activation of the mitochondrial fraction of GSK-3alpha/beta and to the ensuing phosphorylation of the mitochondrial chaperone cyclophilin D, which in turn facilitates PTP opening. Superoxides 83-93 glycogen synthase kinase 3 alpha Homo sapiens 157-167 22672579-4 2012 Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is a major cytosolic enzyme responsible for scavenging superoxides. Superoxides 85-96 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 0-22 22672579-4 2012 Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) is a major cytosolic enzyme responsible for scavenging superoxides. Superoxides 85-96 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 24-28 22708890-6 2012 We also showed that AbetaO induce NADPH oxidase (NOX)-mediated superoxide production downstream of GluN2B and impairs ER and cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis. Superoxides 63-73 glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2B Homo sapiens 99-105 22875785-0 2012 Angiotensin II stimulates superoxide production in the thick ascending limb by activating NOX4. Superoxides 26-36 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 90-94 22875785-14 2012 We concluded that NOX4 is the main catalytic isoform of NADPH oxidase that contributes to ANG II-stimulated O(2)(-) production by TALs. Superoxides 108-115 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 18-22 22875785-14 2012 We concluded that NOX4 is the main catalytic isoform of NADPH oxidase that contributes to ANG II-stimulated O(2)(-) production by TALs. Superoxides 108-115 angiogenin, ribonuclease, RNase A family, 5 Mus musculus 90-93 22695329-2 2012 Stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) suppresses superoxide generation in many systems through the induction of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins and blocks the cytokine-induced rise in endothelial permeability. Superoxides 34-44 stanniocalcin 1 Mus musculus 0-15 22695329-2 2012 Stanniocalcin-1 (STC1) suppresses superoxide generation in many systems through the induction of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins and blocks the cytokine-induced rise in endothelial permeability. Superoxides 34-44 stanniocalcin 1 Mus musculus 17-21 23181133-8 2012 Moreover, hUCP2 overexpression inhibited the production of superoxide and increased the bioavailability of nitric oxide (NO). Superoxides 59-69 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 10-15 22612279-2 2012 In this work, four pyridine-containing aza-macrocyclic copper(II) complexes were prepared (CuL1-CuL4) varying in ring size and/or substituents and their superoxide scavenging activity evaluated. Superoxides 153-163 cullin 1 Homo sapiens 91-95 22612279-3 2012 CuL3, the most active superoxide scavenger, was further studied as a modulator of the cytotoxicity of oxaliplatin in epithelial breast MCF10A cells and in MCF7 breast cancer cells. Superoxides 22-32 cullin 3 Homo sapiens 0-4 22708893-5 2012 In parallel, we found that MPP(+) only modestly increased oxidation of hydroethidine as a diagnostic marker of superoxide production in these cells. Superoxides 111-121 M-phase phosphoprotein 6 Homo sapiens 27-30 22784235-3 2012 In the cerebral microvessels of hph-1(+/-) and hph-1(-/-) mice, increased superoxide anion production was inhibited by supplementation of BH(4) or NOS inhibitor- L- N(G) -nitro arginine-methyl ester, indicative of eNOS uncoupling. Superoxides 74-90 hyperphenylalaninemia 1 Mus musculus 32-37 22784235-3 2012 In the cerebral microvessels of hph-1(+/-) and hph-1(-/-) mice, increased superoxide anion production was inhibited by supplementation of BH(4) or NOS inhibitor- L- N(G) -nitro arginine-methyl ester, indicative of eNOS uncoupling. Superoxides 74-90 hyperphenylalaninemia 1 Mus musculus 47-52 22798524-8 2012 Xanthine oxidoreductase inhibition abolished the difference in superoxide production but did not affect myocardial function in either group. Superoxides 63-73 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-23 22710435-4 2012 Results from electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and flow cytometric assays showed a significant increase in cellular superoxide levels in S-phase cells, which was associated with an increase in glucose and oxygen consumption, and a decrease in MnSOD activity. Superoxides 127-137 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 254-259 22710435-8 2012 Methylation-dependent changes in the MnSOD conformation and subsequent changes in the electrostatic potential around the active site during quiescence versus proliferation could increase the accessibility of superoxide, a negatively charged substrate. Superoxides 208-218 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 37-42 22609493-8 2012 Overexpression of MsrA in CHO cells protected mitochondria from H(2)O(2)-induced downtrend of membrane potential and production of mitochondrial superoxide. Superoxides 145-155 mitochondrial peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase Cricetulus griseus 18-22 22575170-10 2012 Collectively, these findings showed that many of the observed features associated with mitochondrial superoxide-induced cell death, including caspase independency, rapid depletion of ATP level, mitochondrial release of AIF and Endo G, and mitochondrial swelling, are distinctly different from those of apoptosis; instead they resemble some of the known features of necroptosis. Superoxides 101-111 endonuclease G Mus musculus 227-233 22580300-8 2012 Under H(2)O(2)-induced oxidative stress, UCP4 knockdown significantly increased superoxide levels, decreased reduced glutathione (GSH) levels, and increased oxidized glutathione levels, compared to controls. Superoxides 80-90 solute carrier family 25 member 27 Homo sapiens 41-45 22580300-9 2012 UCP4 expression induced by c-Rel overexpression significantly decreased superoxide levels and preserved GSH levels and MMP under similar stress. Superoxides 72-82 solute carrier family 25 member 27 Homo sapiens 0-4 22488900-4 2012 Moreover we found that peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), produced by the reaction of superoxide anion with nitric oxide, promoted the nitrotyrosination of presenilin 1 (PS1), the catalytic subunit of gamma-secretase. Superoxides 76-92 presenilin 1 Homo sapiens 146-158 22488900-4 2012 Moreover we found that peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), produced by the reaction of superoxide anion with nitric oxide, promoted the nitrotyrosination of presenilin 1 (PS1), the catalytic subunit of gamma-secretase. Superoxides 76-92 presenilin 1 Homo sapiens 160-163 22218650-4 2012 Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), at candidate modifier locus 6q25.3, detoxifies superoxide radicals protecting against oxidative stress and damage. Superoxides 78-97 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-22 22218650-4 2012 Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), at candidate modifier locus 6q25.3, detoxifies superoxide radicals protecting against oxidative stress and damage. Superoxides 78-97 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 24-28 22580330-3 2012 Specifically knockdown of G6PD protein expression in hippocampus CA1 subregion at early reperfusion period (1-24 h) with a strategy to pre-treated G6PD AS-ODNs significantly reduced G6PD activity and NADPH level, an effect correlated with attenuation of NADPH oxidase activation and superoxide anion production. Superoxides 283-299 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 26-30 22580330-3 2012 Specifically knockdown of G6PD protein expression in hippocampus CA1 subregion at early reperfusion period (1-24 h) with a strategy to pre-treated G6PD AS-ODNs significantly reduced G6PD activity and NADPH level, an effect correlated with attenuation of NADPH oxidase activation and superoxide anion production. Superoxides 283-299 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 147-151 22580330-3 2012 Specifically knockdown of G6PD protein expression in hippocampus CA1 subregion at early reperfusion period (1-24 h) with a strategy to pre-treated G6PD AS-ODNs significantly reduced G6PD activity and NADPH level, an effect correlated with attenuation of NADPH oxidase activation and superoxide anion production. Superoxides 283-299 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 147-151 22469513-5 2012 Ectopic expression of mitochondrial superoxide scavenging enzyme (MnSOD) or treatment with MnSOD mimetic (MnTBAP) inhibited DOX-induced superoxide generation and apoptosis. Superoxides 36-46 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 66-71 22469513-5 2012 Ectopic expression of mitochondrial superoxide scavenging enzyme (MnSOD) or treatment with MnSOD mimetic (MnTBAP) inhibited DOX-induced superoxide generation and apoptosis. Superoxides 136-146 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 66-71 22469513-5 2012 Ectopic expression of mitochondrial superoxide scavenging enzyme (MnSOD) or treatment with MnSOD mimetic (MnTBAP) inhibited DOX-induced superoxide generation and apoptosis. Superoxides 136-146 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 91-96 22484619-7 2012 Indeed, n(omega)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) or a selective nNOS inhibitor, S-methyl-l-thiocitrulline (SMTC) increased NADPH oxidase production of superoxide/ROS(i) and abolished faster myocyte relaxation induced by Ang II. Superoxides 158-168 nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal Mus musculus 71-75 22175298-3 2012 Intriguingly, supplementation of irradiated cells with L-arginine results in decreased production of peroxynitrite, suggesting that suppression of superoxide generation by nitric oxide synthase in one or more microenvironments is an important factor in the observed radioprotection. Superoxides 147-157 nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal Mus musculus 172-193 22330068-0 2012 Small GTPases Rap1 and RhoA regulate superoxide formation by Rac1 GTPases activation during the phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized zymosans in macrophages. Superoxides 37-47 RAS-related protein 1a Mus musculus 14-18 22330068-0 2012 Small GTPases Rap1 and RhoA regulate superoxide formation by Rac1 GTPases activation during the phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized zymosans in macrophages. Superoxides 37-47 ras homolog family member A Mus musculus 23-27 22330068-0 2012 Small GTPases Rap1 and RhoA regulate superoxide formation by Rac1 GTPases activation during the phagocytosis of IgG-opsonized zymosans in macrophages. Superoxides 37-47 Rac family small GTPase 1 Mus musculus 61-65 22330068-4 2012 In addition, neutrophils from rap1A(-/-) mice reduce fMLP-stimulated superoxide production. Superoxides 69-79 RAS-related protein 1a Mus musculus 30-35 22330068-5 2012 Here, we tried to determine whether Rap1 also plays a role in the production of superoxide. Superoxides 80-90 RAS-related protein 1a Mus musculus 36-40 22330068-7 2012 Knock-down of Rap1 by si-Rap1 suppressed IOZ-induced superoxide formation. Superoxides 53-63 RAS-related protein 1a Mus musculus 14-18 22330068-7 2012 Knock-down of Rap1 by si-Rap1 suppressed IOZ-induced superoxide formation. Superoxides 53-63 RAS-related protein 1a Mus musculus 25-29 22330068-8 2012 Sh-RhoA also reduced superoxide levels, but 8CPT-2Me-cAMP, an activator of Epac1 (a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) of Rap1), could recover the levels to the control value. Superoxides 21-31 ras homolog family member A Mus musculus 3-7 22330068-14 2012 In conclusion, IOZ treatment induces Rap1 activation and phosphorylation of RhoA, which in turn cause Rac1 activation and promote Rac1 translocation to the membrane leading to binding with p22(phox) that activates NADPH oxidase and produces superoxide. Superoxides 241-251 RAS-related protein 1a Mus musculus 37-41 22330068-14 2012 In conclusion, IOZ treatment induces Rap1 activation and phosphorylation of RhoA, which in turn cause Rac1 activation and promote Rac1 translocation to the membrane leading to binding with p22(phox) that activates NADPH oxidase and produces superoxide. Superoxides 241-251 ras homolog family member A Mus musculus 76-80 22362403-6 2012 In normal swine, MPG resulted in coronary vasodilation as evidenced by an increased coronary venous O(2) tension, and trends toward increased coronary venous O(2) saturation and decreased myocardial O(2) extraction. Superoxides 100-104 N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase Sus scrofa 17-20 22362403-6 2012 In normal swine, MPG resulted in coronary vasodilation as evidenced by an increased coronary venous O(2) tension, and trends toward increased coronary venous O(2) saturation and decreased myocardial O(2) extraction. Superoxides 158-162 N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase Sus scrofa 17-20 22362403-6 2012 In normal swine, MPG resulted in coronary vasodilation as evidenced by an increased coronary venous O(2) tension, and trends toward increased coronary venous O(2) saturation and decreased myocardial O(2) extraction. Superoxides 158-162 N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase Sus scrofa 17-20 22500511-10 2012 In summary, chronic PPARgamma stimulation leads to depolarization of the inner membrane and reduced superoxide of isolated heart mitochondria, which was critically dependent on increased expression of UCP-2. Superoxides 100-110 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Mus musculus 20-29 22056415-3 2012 First, Hv1 channels maintain a physiological membrane potential during the respiratory burst of neutrophils by providing a compensating charge for the electrons transferred by NOX2 from NADPH to superoxide. Superoxides 195-205 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 176-180 22366511-8 2012 Activation of Rac1, one of the subunits of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase complex, which is a major superoxide generator in the cell membrane, was inhibited by the administration of pravastatin. Superoxides 133-143 Rac family small GTPase 1 Mus musculus 14-18 22392142-0 2012 NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide destabilizes lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin 8 mRNA via p38, extracellular signal-regulated kinase mitogen-activated protein kinase, and the destabilizing factor tristetraprolin. Superoxides 22-32 ZFP36 ring finger protein Homo sapiens 202-217 22342343-3 2012 Herein, we demonstrate that IF1 overexpression in colon cancer cells triggers mitochondrial hyperpolarization and the subsequent production of superoxide radical, a reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxides 143-161 ATP synthase inhibitory factor subunit 1 Homo sapiens 28-31 22227335-13 2012 In summary, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion-derived from endothelial NAD(P)H oxidase mediate the hyperreactivity to angiotensin II in type I-diabetic rat carotid, involving the participation of cyclooxygenase-1 and Rho-kinase. Superoxides 52-68 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 1 Rattus norvegicus 219-235 22130631-1 2012 BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) converts superoxide anion into H(2)O(2), which is neutralized sequentially by either catalase (CAT) or glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx 1) into water or converted into highly reactive hypochlorous acid by myeloperoxidase (MPO). Superoxides 74-90 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 26-56 22130631-1 2012 BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) converts superoxide anion into H(2)O(2), which is neutralized sequentially by either catalase (CAT) or glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx 1) into water or converted into highly reactive hypochlorous acid by myeloperoxidase (MPO). Superoxides 74-90 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 58-63 22178385-9 2012 Cell-free oxidase assays showed that recombinant Prdx6 did not alter the Km for NADPH, but increased the Vmax for O2- production in a saturable, Prdx6 concentration-dependent manner. Superoxides 114-116 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 49-54 22205609-12 2012 CONCLUSIONS: gamma-Secretase, and in particular PS1 alone, are potent regulators of angiogenesis and this is due in part to stabilizing endogenous superoxide generation and reducing proinflammatory cytokine expression during CNV. Superoxides 147-157 presenilin 1 Homo sapiens 48-51 22337127-6 2012 A novel mechanistic model comprising endothelial Nox2-derived production of superoxide, activation of phospholipase C-gamma, inhibition of diacylglycerol (DAG) kinase, DAG-mediated activation of TRPC6 and ensuing LIRE is supported by pharmacological and molecular evidence. Superoxides 76-86 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 49-53 22158615-2 2012 Here we report that stimulation of DR4 and/or DR5 by the agonistic protein KD548-Fc, an Fc-fused DR4/DR5 dual-specific Kringle domain variant, activates plasma membrane-associated Nox1 NADPH oxidase to generate superoxide anion and subsequently accumulates intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to sustained c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation and eventual apoptotic cell death in human HeLa and Jurkat tumor cells. Superoxides 211-227 TNF receptor superfamily member 10a Homo sapiens 35-38 22158615-2 2012 Here we report that stimulation of DR4 and/or DR5 by the agonistic protein KD548-Fc, an Fc-fused DR4/DR5 dual-specific Kringle domain variant, activates plasma membrane-associated Nox1 NADPH oxidase to generate superoxide anion and subsequently accumulates intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to sustained c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation and eventual apoptotic cell death in human HeLa and Jurkat tumor cells. Superoxides 211-227 TNF receptor superfamily member 10a Homo sapiens 97-100 22158615-2 2012 Here we report that stimulation of DR4 and/or DR5 by the agonistic protein KD548-Fc, an Fc-fused DR4/DR5 dual-specific Kringle domain variant, activates plasma membrane-associated Nox1 NADPH oxidase to generate superoxide anion and subsequently accumulates intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to sustained c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation and eventual apoptotic cell death in human HeLa and Jurkat tumor cells. Superoxides 211-227 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 180-184 22100343-8 2012 Further, Nox4 siRNA inhibited OXO-induced intracellular but not extracellular O(2)( -) production, whereas Nox1 siRNA attenuated both intracellular and extracellular O(2)( -) production in CD38(+/+) CAMs. Superoxides 166-170 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 107-111 22100343-11 2012 These results provide direct evidence that the CD38/cADPR pathway is an important controller of Nox4-mediated intracellular O(2)( -) production and that CD38-dependent intracellular O(2)( -) production is augmented in an autocrine manner by CD38-independent Nox1-derived extracellular O(2)( -) production in CAMs. Superoxides 124-128 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 96-100 22100343-11 2012 These results provide direct evidence that the CD38/cADPR pathway is an important controller of Nox4-mediated intracellular O(2)( -) production and that CD38-dependent intracellular O(2)( -) production is augmented in an autocrine manner by CD38-independent Nox1-derived extracellular O(2)( -) production in CAMs. Superoxides 182-186 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 96-100 22100343-11 2012 These results provide direct evidence that the CD38/cADPR pathway is an important controller of Nox4-mediated intracellular O(2)( -) production and that CD38-dependent intracellular O(2)( -) production is augmented in an autocrine manner by CD38-independent Nox1-derived extracellular O(2)( -) production in CAMs. Superoxides 182-186 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 258-262 22100343-11 2012 These results provide direct evidence that the CD38/cADPR pathway is an important controller of Nox4-mediated intracellular O(2)( -) production and that CD38-dependent intracellular O(2)( -) production is augmented in an autocrine manner by CD38-independent Nox1-derived extracellular O(2)( -) production in CAMs. Superoxides 182-186 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 96-100 22100343-11 2012 These results provide direct evidence that the CD38/cADPR pathway is an important controller of Nox4-mediated intracellular O(2)( -) production and that CD38-dependent intracellular O(2)( -) production is augmented in an autocrine manner by CD38-independent Nox1-derived extracellular O(2)( -) production in CAMs. Superoxides 182-186 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 258-262 22197008-3 2012 We have recently shown annexin-1 to be present in equine neutrophils and demonstrated that the annexin-1-derived peptide, Ac2-26, can both reduce superoxide production by these cells in response to other stimuli and directly induce free radical production at a higher concentration. Superoxides 146-156 annexin A1 Equus caballus 95-104 22148553-2 2012 However, two evolutionarily related single-domain sulfhydryl oxidases (Erv2p; a yeast endoplasmic reticulum resident protein and augmenter of liver regeneration, ALR, an enzyme predominantly found in the mitochondrial intermembrane) release up to ~30% of the oxygen they reduce as the superoxide ion. Superoxides 285-295 flavin-linked sulfhydryl oxidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 71-76 22148553-10 2012 Superoxide release was also observed by a standard chemiluminescence method using a luciferin analogue (MCLA) when 2 mM DTT was employed as a substrate of Erv2p and ALR. Superoxides 0-10 flavin-linked sulfhydryl oxidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 155-160 22148553-11 2012 The percentage of superoxide released from Erv2p increased to ~65% when monomeric mutants of the normally homodimeric enzyme were used. Superoxides 18-28 flavin-linked sulfhydryl oxidase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 43-48 22974008-7 2012 Treatment with OPN dose-dependently also inhibited microglial superoxide production. Superoxides 62-72 secreted phosphoprotein 1 Sus scrofa 15-18 22693564-0 2012 Human stanniocalcin-1 suppresses angiotensin II-induced superoxide generation in cardiomyocytes through UCP3-mediated anti-oxidant pathway. Superoxides 56-66 stanniocalcin 1 Homo sapiens 6-21 22693564-3 2012 OBJECTIVE: We examined the hypothesis that STC1 uncouples mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation--to suppress superoxide generation and modulate neurohormonal effects on cardiomyocytes. Superoxides 111-121 stanniocalcin 1 Homo sapiens 43-47 22693564-6 2012 Treatment of cardiomyocytes with STC1 decreases mitochondrial membrane potential and suppresses baseline and angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced superoxide generation. Superoxides 141-151 stanniocalcin 1 Homo sapiens 33-37 22693564-7 2012 Furthermore, baseline superoxide generation is higher in freshly-isolated adult UCP3(-/-) mouse cardiomyocytes compared to WT, suggesting an important role for UCP3 in regulating cardiomyocyte ROS under physiologic conditions. Superoxides 22-32 uncoupling protein 3 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 80-84 22693564-7 2012 Furthermore, baseline superoxide generation is higher in freshly-isolated adult UCP3(-/-) mouse cardiomyocytes compared to WT, suggesting an important role for UCP3 in regulating cardiomyocyte ROS under physiologic conditions. Superoxides 22-32 uncoupling protein 3 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 160-164 22506056-8 2012 The antihypertrophic, superoxide-suppressing and cGMP-elevating effects of Angeli"s salt were mimicked by BNP. Superoxides 22-32 natriuretic peptide B Homo sapiens 106-109 22276192-9 2012 Expression of mutant huntingtin in primary neurons induced superoxide/ROS, an effect that was significantly reduced by constitutively active PPARgamma. Superoxides 59-69 huntingtin Homo sapiens 21-31 22077216-1 2011 Human MnSOD is significantly more product-inhibited than bacterial MnSODs at high concentrations of superoxide (O(2)(-)). Superoxides 100-110 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 6-11 22077216-1 2011 Human MnSOD is significantly more product-inhibited than bacterial MnSODs at high concentrations of superoxide (O(2)(-)). Superoxides 112-116 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 6-11 22077216-10 2011 Our studies on yeast MnSODs indicate the unique nature of human MnSOD in that it predominantly undergoes the inhibited pathway at high [O(2)(-)]. Superoxides 136-140 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 21-26 22159121-2 2011 Here, we report a novel role for the superoxide-generating enzyme NOX1/NADPH oxidase in the regulation of analgesia and acute analgesic tolerance. Superoxides 37-47 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 66-70 21978170-4 2011 L10 induction of the THP-1 cell differentiation, superoxide production, and cytokine production followed the TLR-4/MyD88/IKK/NFkappaB pathway. Superoxides 49-59 ribosomal protein L10 Homo sapiens 0-3 21978170-5 2011 Coculture of irradiated human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells with L10-activated THP-1 cells resulted in significantly decreased percentage of viable A549 cells from 66 to 37% (p = 0.018), increased levels of superoxide, interleukin-8, and RANTES, and decreased levels of angiogenin and vascular endothelial growth factor. Superoxides 208-218 ribosomal protein L10 Homo sapiens 66-69 21981804-0 2011 Superoxide anion contributes to the induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) through activation of the MKK3/6-p38 MAPK cascade in rat microglia. Superoxides 0-16 mitogen activated protein kinase kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 114-118 21981804-0 2011 Superoxide anion contributes to the induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) through activation of the MKK3/6-p38 MAPK cascade in rat microglia. Superoxides 0-16 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 121-129 21855229-10 2011 If the superoxide production is not effectively controlled by mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), then superoxide leads to OxS and lipid peroxidation. Superoxides 7-17 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 62-96 21855229-10 2011 If the superoxide production is not effectively controlled by mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), then superoxide leads to OxS and lipid peroxidation. Superoxides 7-17 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 98-104 21855229-10 2011 If the superoxide production is not effectively controlled by mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), then superoxide leads to OxS and lipid peroxidation. Superoxides 76-86 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 98-104 21841011-1 2011 Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) metabolizes L-tryptophan to L-kynurenine, promotes immunosuppression, and has been described as a consumer of superoxide. Superoxides 144-154 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-27 21841011-1 2011 Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) metabolizes L-tryptophan to L-kynurenine, promotes immunosuppression, and has been described as a consumer of superoxide. Superoxides 144-154 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 29-32 22028221-2 2011 Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX2) is a major enzyme system that generates superoxide in immune cells. Superoxides 99-109 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 53-57 21708247-6 2011 The critical role of NADPH-oxidase-dependent superoxide generation in this cross-talk mechanism is corroborated by the finding that apocynin or a siRNA against p22(phox) prevents EGFR transactivation and c-Src kinase activity. Superoxides 45-55 C-terminal Src kinase Homo sapiens 204-216 21659534-5 2011 Selectively targeting tMPT/superoxide flash activity by manipulating cyclophilin D expression or scavenging mitochondrial ROS markedly impacted the progression of selenite-induced apoptosis while exerting little effect on the global ROS response. Superoxides 27-37 peptidylprolyl isomerase D Homo sapiens 69-82 21659534-6 2011 Furthermore, the tMPT/superoxide flash served as a convergence point for pro- and anti-apoptotic regulation mediated by cyclophilin D and Bcl-2 proteins. Superoxides 22-32 peptidylprolyl isomerase D Homo sapiens 120-133 21729002-10 2011 Exercise, through laminar shear stress activation, down-regulates endothelial AT1R (angiotensin II type 1 receptor) expression, leading to decreases in NADPH oxidase activity and superoxide anion production, which in turn decreases ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation, and preserves endothelial NO bioavailability and its protective anti-atherogenic effects. Superoxides 179-195 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 78-82 21729002-10 2011 Exercise, through laminar shear stress activation, down-regulates endothelial AT1R (angiotensin II type 1 receptor) expression, leading to decreases in NADPH oxidase activity and superoxide anion production, which in turn decreases ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation, and preserves endothelial NO bioavailability and its protective anti-atherogenic effects. Superoxides 179-195 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 84-114 21550412-3 2011 Loss or oxidation of BH4 to 7,8-dihydrobiopterin (BH2) is associated with NOS uncoupling, resulting in the production of superoxide rather than NO. Superoxides 121-131 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-131 Mus musculus 50-53 21712056-10 2011 The ability of BRS-3 to regulate EGFR transactivation in NCI-H1299-BRS-3 cells was reduced by AG1478 or gefitinib (EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors), GM6001 (matrix metalloprotease inhibitor), PP2 (Src inhibitor), N-acetylcysteine (anti-oxidant), Tiron (superoxide scavenger) and DPI (NADPH oxidase inhibitor). Superoxides 253-263 bombesin receptor subtype 3 Homo sapiens 15-20 21635891-1 2011 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is one of several major proteins that regulate removal of superoxide. Superoxides 85-95 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 0-20 21635891-1 2011 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is one of several major proteins that regulate removal of superoxide. Superoxides 85-95 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 22-25 21194376-5 2011 Inhibitors of Hsp90 also reduced superoxide from Nox1, Nox2 (neutrophils), and Nox3. Superoxides 33-43 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 49-53 21411092-4 2011 Deficiency of Nox1 decreased superoxide levels and reduced lesion area in the aortic arch from 43% (ApoE(-/-)) to 28% (ApoE(-/-) Nox1(-/y)). Superoxides 29-39 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 14-18 21331057-10 2011 CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that introgressing the BN renin allele onto the Dahl SS genetic background to restore normal activity of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) protects NO-dependent vascular relaxation in cerebral arteries by increasing the expression of Cu/Zn SOD and lowering vascular superoxide levels. Superoxides 303-313 renin Rattus norvegicus 62-67 21331057-10 2011 CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that introgressing the BN renin allele onto the Dahl SS genetic background to restore normal activity of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) protects NO-dependent vascular relaxation in cerebral arteries by increasing the expression of Cu/Zn SOD and lowering vascular superoxide levels. Superoxides 303-313 renin Rattus norvegicus 145-150 21295135-0 2011 Impaired CD200-CD200R-mediated microglia silencing enhances midbrain dopaminergic neurodegeneration: roles of aging, superoxide, NADPH oxidase, and p38 MAPK. Superoxides 117-127 Cd200 molecule Rattus norvegicus 9-14 20518848-8 2011 Furthermore, inhibition of PI3K and Rac1 activity decreased LPS-induced superoxide generation which was associated with a significant reduction in ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Superoxides 72-82 Rac family small GTPase 1 Mus musculus 36-40 20518848-8 2011 Furthermore, inhibition of PI3K and Rac1 activity decreased LPS-induced superoxide generation which was associated with a significant reduction in ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Superoxides 72-82 mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 Mus musculus 147-153 21780368-3 2011 Our results showed that superoxide levels were significantly increased in a time-dependent manner in blood monocyte-derived macrophages treated with 100 microg/ml MWCNTs for 12 h. Concomitantly, MWCNTs induced membrane translocation of the NADPH oxidase subunits p47phox and p67phox, a signature event for NADPH oxidase activation. Superoxides 24-34 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 275-282 21343298-1 2011 In contrast to the NADPH oxidases Nox1 and Nox2, which generate superoxide (O(2)( -)), Nox4 produces hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). Superoxides 64-74 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 34-38 21343298-1 2011 In contrast to the NADPH oxidases Nox1 and Nox2, which generate superoxide (O(2)( -)), Nox4 produces hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). Superoxides 76-80 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 34-38 21343298-1 2011 In contrast to the NADPH oxidases Nox1 and Nox2, which generate superoxide (O(2)( -)), Nox4 produces hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). Superoxides 76-80 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 87-91 21343298-7 2011 In Cos7 cells, in which Nox4 partially localizes to the plasma membrane, an antibody directed against the E-loop decreased H(2)O(2) but increased O(2)( -) formation by Nox4 without affecting Nox1-dependent O(2)( -) formation. Superoxides 127-131 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 24-28 21343298-8 2011 The E-loop of Nox4 but not Nox1 and Nox2 contains a highly conserved histidine that could serve as a source for protons to accelerate spontaneous dismutation of superoxide to form H(2)O(2). Superoxides 161-171 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 14-18 21343298-9 2011 Mutation of this but not of four other conserved histidines also switched Nox4 from H(2)O(2) to O(2)( -) formation. Superoxides 88-92 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 74-78 21471938-9 2011 MPG also markedly inhibited the beta-NADH-induced generation of the superoxide radicals. Superoxides 68-78 N-methylpurine-DNA glycosylase Rattus norvegicus 0-3 21471938-10 2011 Furthermore, MPG scavenging peroxyl radicals generated by tBuOOH (10-4 M).These results indicate that MPG may improve the endothelium dependent relaxations to ACh through its scavenging activity as well as by inhibiting the NADH/NADPH oxidase induced generation of superoxide anions. Superoxides 265-282 N-methylpurine-DNA glycosylase Rattus norvegicus 13-16 21471938-10 2011 Furthermore, MPG scavenging peroxyl radicals generated by tBuOOH (10-4 M).These results indicate that MPG may improve the endothelium dependent relaxations to ACh through its scavenging activity as well as by inhibiting the NADH/NADPH oxidase induced generation of superoxide anions. Superoxides 265-282 N-methylpurine-DNA glycosylase Rattus norvegicus 102-105 21257729-11 2011 In summary, we show that superoxide, PKC-zeta, and PP2A are involved in the hypoxia-induced increase in G(t) and occludin reduction at the plasma membrane in AEC. Superoxides 25-35 occludin Homo sapiens 113-121 20875459-8 2011 The TLR2-enhanced induction of superoxide was a defect in proper NADPH oxidase assembly. Superoxides 31-41 toll-like receptor 2 Mus musculus 4-8 21212270-0 2011 Control of hepatic nuclear superoxide production by glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and NADPH oxidase-4. Superoxides 27-37 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 90-105 21418589-5 2011 The decrease in cellular O2-, which was accompanied by a brief accumulation of H2O2 and downregulation of phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) and cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein, sensitized K562 leukemia cells and human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Superoxides 25-27 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 146-151 21167124-1 2011 Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (MnSOD) is an essential mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme that protects organisms against oxidative damage, dismutating superoxide radical (O2(. Superoxides 150-168 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-30 21167124-1 2011 Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (MnSOD) is an essential mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme that protects organisms against oxidative damage, dismutating superoxide radical (O2(. Superoxides 150-168 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 21167124-1 2011 Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (MnSOD) is an essential mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme that protects organisms against oxidative damage, dismutating superoxide radical (O2(. Superoxides 170-172 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-30 21167124-1 2011 Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (MnSOD) is an essential mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme that protects organisms against oxidative damage, dismutating superoxide radical (O2(. Superoxides 170-172 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 21193407-4 2011 PR3-ANCA resulted in degranulation and superoxide production in the mNB1(pos)/PR3(high) neutrophils, but not in the mNB1(neg)/PR3(low) subset, whereas MPO-ANCA and fMLP caused similar responses. Superoxides 39-49 proteinase 3 Homo sapiens 0-3 21193407-4 2011 PR3-ANCA resulted in degranulation and superoxide production in the mNB1(pos)/PR3(high) neutrophils, but not in the mNB1(neg)/PR3(low) subset, whereas MPO-ANCA and fMLP caused similar responses. Superoxides 39-49 proteinase 3 Homo sapiens 78-81 21193407-4 2011 PR3-ANCA resulted in degranulation and superoxide production in the mNB1(pos)/PR3(high) neutrophils, but not in the mNB1(neg)/PR3(low) subset, whereas MPO-ANCA and fMLP caused similar responses. Superoxides 39-49 proteinase 3 Homo sapiens 78-81 21464517-4 2011 The longevity of the mutant, as well as its resistance to the superoxide-generating agent paraquat, is partially dependent on the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor ArcA. Superoxides 62-72 arginine deiminase Escherichia coli 169-173 21138781-3 2011 The toxicity of Co(2+) is still debated, but Co(2+) is a potential inhibitor of the Hv1 proton channel that sustains the production of superoxide by neutrophils. Superoxides 135-145 hydrogen voltage gated channel 1 Homo sapiens 84-87 21056653-6 2011 Both MnSOD clones exhibit lower superoxide levels and higher H(2)O(2) levels. Superoxides 32-42 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 5-10 21386137-3 2011 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is the primary mitochondrial ROS scavenging enzyme that converts superoxide to hydrogen peroxide, which is subsequently converted to water by catalase and other peroxidases. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 20959139-6 2011 In addition, NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor DPI and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a scavenger of superoxide anion (O2-) also inhibited the enhanced phosphorylation of PDGFR and IGF-1R and c-Src in VSMC from SHR to control levels. Superoxides 86-102 insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor Rattus norvegicus 166-172 20959139-6 2011 In addition, NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor DPI and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a scavenger of superoxide anion (O2-) also inhibited the enhanced phosphorylation of PDGFR and IGF-1R and c-Src in VSMC from SHR to control levels. Superoxides 104-106 insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor Rattus norvegicus 166-172 21072051-2 2011 Using targeted approaches against components of the superoxide-producing NADPH-oxidases, including NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), NOX4 and the common p22(phox) subunit of NOX1-4, myeloid cells were found to display reduced cell growth and spontaneous migration. Superoxides 52-62 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 123-127 21248133-11 2011 The treatment of microglia with HMGB1 led to membrane translocation of p47(phox) (a cytosolic subunit of NADPH oxidase) and consequent superoxide release, which required the presence of Mac1. Superoxides 135-145 high mobility group box 1 Homo sapiens 32-37 20708598-0 2011 Characterization of superoxide overproduction by the D-Loop(Nox4)-Nox2 cytochrome b(558) in phagocytes-Differential sensitivity to calcium and phosphorylation events. Superoxides 20-30 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 60-64 20708598-4 2011 Moreover, replacement of this loop by the Nox4-D-loop (D-loop(Nox4)-Nox2) in PLB-985 cells induced superoxide overproduction. Superoxides 99-109 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 42-46 20708598-4 2011 Moreover, replacement of this loop by the Nox4-D-loop (D-loop(Nox4)-Nox2) in PLB-985 cells induced superoxide overproduction. Superoxides 99-109 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 62-66 20708598-10 2011 The superoxide overproduction of the D-loop(Nox4)-Nox2 mutant may come from a change of responsiveness to intracellular Ca(2+) level and to phosphorylation events during oxidase activation. Superoxides 4-14 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 44-48 20876216-2 2011 Catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) conjugated with antibodies to platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1) bind specifically to endothelium and inhibit effects of corresponding ROS, H(2)O(2), and superoxide anion. Superoxides 215-231 platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 Mus musculus 70-115 20876216-2 2011 Catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) conjugated with antibodies to platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 (PECAM-1) bind specifically to endothelium and inhibit effects of corresponding ROS, H(2)O(2), and superoxide anion. Superoxides 215-231 platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 Mus musculus 117-124 22140445-4 2011 We now hypothesize that loss of EC-SOD in chronically hypoxic calves leads to extracellular superoxide-mediated upregulation of Egr-1. Superoxides 92-102 early growth response 1 Bos taurus 128-133 21909438-2 2011 The Drosophila melanogaster SOD1-null allele (cSODn108) is proposed to result in oxidative stress by preventing superoxide breakdown. Superoxides 112-122 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 28-32 21175348-9 2011 SOD2 played an important role in the adaptive/delayed radioprotective response by inhibiting the initiation of a superoxide anion-induced ROS cascade leading to enhanced mitochondrial and nuclear damages. Superoxides 113-129 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 21155037-6 2011 Hyperoxia- induced activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, which is responsible for superoxide anion production, as evidenced by upregulation and membrane translocation of p67(phox) was significantly attenuated after G-CSF treatment, as were inflammatory responses such as increased myeloperoxidase activity and mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-beta. Superoxides 111-127 colony stimulating factor 3 Rattus norvegicus 244-249 21172066-4 2010 Moreover NGAL levels increase in correlation with the age, and showed a significantly correlation between the increase with the severity of disease.DS is characterized by an enhancement of gene production such as GART, SOD-1 and CBS that encode specific protein and enzyme involved in hydrogen peroxide and superoxide production, species highly cytotoxic implicated in inflammation and ageing.NGAL may have the potential application to ameliorate the toxicity induced by oxidative stress conditions such as Alzheimer"s disease, thalassemia, cardiovascular disease, burn injury, transplantation, diabetes, and aging. Superoxides 307-317 phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase, phosphoribosylglycinamide synthetase, phosphoribosylaminoimidazole synthetase Homo sapiens 213-217 21080654-6 2010 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), which plays a critical role in cellular defense against oxidative stress by decomposing superoxide within mitochondria, is nitrated and inactivated under pathological conditions. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 21151885-6 2010 Here we have adapted a technique of flow cytometry to directly measure ROS levels in isolated mitochondria to show that the generation of superoxide is elevated in the nuo-6 and isp-1 mitochondrial mutants, although overall ROS levels are not, and oxidative stress is low. Superoxides 138-148 Cytochrome b-c1 complex subunit Rieske, mitochondrial Caenorhabditis elegans 178-183 20858552-7 2010 Corresponding to LR clustering and aggregation of NADPH subunits, superoxide (O(2)(-)) production was significantly increased (2.7 folds) upon visfatin stimulation, as measured by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometry. Superoxides 66-76 nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase Homo sapiens 143-151 20858552-7 2010 Corresponding to LR clustering and aggregation of NADPH subunits, superoxide (O(2)(-)) production was significantly increased (2.7 folds) upon visfatin stimulation, as measured by electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometry. Superoxides 78-82 nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase Homo sapiens 143-151 21059996-6 2010 Superoxide (O2-) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in EPCs were elevated and reduced, respectively, in WT DOCA-salt and hph-1 mice; both were rescued in Tg-GCH DOCA-salt mice. Superoxides 0-10 hyperphenylalaninemia 1 Mus musculus 115-120 21059996-6 2010 Superoxide (O2-) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in EPCs were elevated and reduced, respectively, in WT DOCA-salt and hph-1 mice; both were rescued in Tg-GCH DOCA-salt mice. Superoxides 12-14 hyperphenylalaninemia 1 Mus musculus 115-120 21314602-4 2010 Accordingly, the catalase activity of bovine oxidase may be explained by H2O2 procession in the oxygen-reducing center of the enzyme yielding superoxide radicals. Superoxides 142-152 catalase Bos taurus 17-25 20807791-3 2010 In cultured adventitial fibroblasts, TGF-beta1 induced increases in superoxide and collagen I protein (P < 0.05), which were inhibited by Tempol, a superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 68-78 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 37-46 20493824-0 2010 Tiam1/Rac1 signaling pathway mediates palmitate-induced, ceramide-sensitive generation of superoxides and lipid peroxides and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in pancreatic beta-cells. Superoxides 90-101 Rac family small GTPase 1 Rattus norvegicus 6-10 20493824-2 2010 Herein, using normal rat islets and clonal INS 832/13 cells, we tested the hypothesis that activation of the small G-protein Rac1, which is a member of the NOX holoenzyme, is necessary for palmitate [PA]-induced generation of superoxides in pancreatic beta-cells. Superoxides 226-237 Rac family small GTPase 1 Rattus norvegicus 125-129 20493824-5 2010 NSC23766, a selective inhibitor of Rac1, but not Cdc42 or Rho activation, inhibited Rac1 activation and the generation of superoxides and lipid peroxides induced by PA. Superoxides 122-133 Rac family small GTPase 1 Rattus norvegicus 35-39 20493824-9 2010 Together, our findings suggest that Tiam1/Rac1 signaling pathway regulates PA-induced, CER-dependent superoxide generation and mitochondrial dysfunction in pancreatic beta-cells. Superoxides 101-111 Rac family small GTPase 1 Rattus norvegicus 42-46 20553682-0 2010 Vascular superoxide production by endothelin-1 requires Src non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase and MAPK activation. Superoxides 9-19 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 101-105 20797565-4 2010 Indoxyl sulfate is taken up by the cells through organic anion transporters (OAT1 and/or OAT3), and induces cellular production of free radicals such as superoxide by activating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, especially Nox4, thereby impairing the cellular antioxidative system. Superoxides 153-163 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 242-246 20479714-4 2010 Using isolated bovine retinal endothelial cells, the effect of regulation of MMP2 (by its siRNA and pharmacological inhibitor) on superoxide accumulation and mitochondrial dysfunction was evaluated. Superoxides 130-140 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Bos taurus 77-81 20479714-6 2010 Inhibition of MMP2 ameliorated glucose-induced increase in mitochondrial superoxide and membrane permeability, prevented cytochrome c leakage from the mitochondria, and inhibited capillary cell apoptosis. Superoxides 73-83 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Homo sapiens 14-18 20802415-2 2010 The first-line defense against oxidative stress is provided by the mitochondrial enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), which is a superoxide anion scavenger. Superoxides 139-155 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 88-118 20802415-2 2010 The first-line defense against oxidative stress is provided by the mitochondrial enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), which is a superoxide anion scavenger. Superoxides 139-155 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 120-125 20679547-4 2010 Daily treatment of Ang II-infused wild-type mice with recombinant human ACE2 (rhACE2; 2 mg x kg(-1) x d(-1) IP) blunted the hypertrophic response and expression of hypertrophy markers and reduced Ang II-induced superoxide production. Superoxides 211-221 angiotensin converting enzyme 2 Homo sapiens 72-76 20679547-11 2010 In adult ventricular cardiomyocytes and cardiofibroblasts, Ang II-mediated superoxide generation, collagen production, and extracellular signal-regulated 1/2 signaling were inhibited by rhACE2 in an Ang 1-7-dependent manner. Superoxides 75-85 angiogenin, ribonuclease, RNase A family, 5 Mus musculus 199-206 20466728-6 2010 We conclude that UCP1 allows high oxidative capacity without promoting oxidative damage by simultaneously lowering superoxide production. Superoxides 115-125 uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 17-21 20145655-0 2010 Mechanisms contributing to cerebral infarct size after stroke: gender, reperfusion, T lymphocytes, and Nox2-derived superoxide. Superoxides 116-126 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 103-107 20145655-6 2010 Stroke resulted in an approximately 15-fold increase in Nox2-dependent superoxide production by circulating, but not spleen-derived, T lymphocytes in male mice, and this was approximately sevenfold greater than in female mice. Superoxides 71-81 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 56-60 20353787-2 2010 We further reveal that reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially superoxide radicals, play a crucial role in selenite-induced MnSOD upregulation, with extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) and p53 closely implicated. Superoxides 65-84 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 126-131 20363848-2 2010 In addition, in vitro data demonstrate that ET-1 increases superoxide levels in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells and that oxidative stress alters NOS activity. Superoxides 59-69 EDN1 Ovis aries 44-48 20012547-3 2010 The antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anions into hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 94-111 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 23-53 20012547-3 2010 The antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anions into hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 94-111 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 55-59 20171273-3 2010 Here, to further investigate the role of HIPK2 in p53 activation, we started with the finding that HIPK2 inhibition upregulated Nox1, a homolog of the catalytic subunit of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase, involved in tumor progression and ROS production. Superoxides 176-186 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 128-132 20074642-5 2010 P-Rex1-dependent superoxide generation in the reconstituted COS(phox) cells was further enhanced by expression of the novel PKC isoform PKCdelta and by overexpression of Akt. Superoxides 17-27 protein kinase C delta Homo sapiens 124-127 20074642-5 2010 P-Rex1-dependent superoxide generation in the reconstituted COS(phox) cells was further enhanced by expression of the novel PKC isoform PKCdelta and by overexpression of Akt. Superoxides 17-27 protein kinase C delta Homo sapiens 136-144 20150287-8 2010 Mitochondrial function in adipocytes of lean or obese GSTA4-null mice was significantly compromised compared with wild-type controls and was accompanied by an increase in superoxide anion. Superoxides 171-187 glutathione S-transferase, alpha 4 Mus musculus 54-59 20072135-5 2010 Herein, we show that angiopoietin-1 (ang1) prevented and blocked H(2)O(2)-induced increases in superoxides in human spontaneously immortalized keratinocyte line, HaCaT, and primary melanocytes (HeMn). Superoxides 95-106 angiopoietin 1 Homo sapiens 21-35 20072135-5 2010 Herein, we show that angiopoietin-1 (ang1) prevented and blocked H(2)O(2)-induced increases in superoxides in human spontaneously immortalized keratinocyte line, HaCaT, and primary melanocytes (HeMn). Superoxides 95-106 angiopoietin 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 20072135-9 2010 Integrin antibodies (alpha(v), beta(1)) disrupted skin cell adhesion to ang1 and ang1-induced decreases in superoxides. Superoxides 107-118 UDP-GlcNAc:betaGal beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase like 1 Homo sapiens 31-38 20072135-9 2010 Integrin antibodies (alpha(v), beta(1)) disrupted skin cell adhesion to ang1 and ang1-induced decreases in superoxides. Superoxides 107-118 angiopoietin 1 Homo sapiens 81-85 20346917-1 2010 The membrane bound cytochrome b558 composed of large gp91-phox and small p22-phox subunits, and cytosolic proteins p40-, p47- and p67-phox are important components of superoxide (O(2)(-))-generating system in phagocytes and B lymphocytes. Superoxides 167-177 interleukin 9 Homo sapiens 115-118 20346917-1 2010 The membrane bound cytochrome b558 composed of large gp91-phox and small p22-phox subunits, and cytosolic proteins p40-, p47- and p67-phox are important components of superoxide (O(2)(-))-generating system in phagocytes and B lymphocytes. Superoxides 179-182 interleukin 9 Homo sapiens 115-118 20170644-6 2010 Moreover, it was demonstrated that the time-dependent downregulation of occludin expression in the brain endothelial was significantly correlated with the time-dependent increase of brain superoxide radical level, implying a relationship between these two abnormalities. Superoxides 188-206 occludin Rattus norvegicus 72-80 20230789-6 2010 Expression of S282A mutant of NoxA1 in these cells led to increased superoxide anion production in response to EGF compared to expression of the wild type, whereas the expression of S282E, a phosphomimetic mutant, resulted in significantly decreased superoxide anion generation. Superoxides 68-84 NADPH oxidase activator 1 Mus musculus 30-35 20061439-9 2010 Superoxide is rapidly dismutated to hydrogen peroxide, which then mediates activation of PI3-kinase/Akt, phosphorylation of eNOS, and enhanced release of NO from eNOS in response to 20-HETE in BPAECs. Superoxides 0-10 AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 Bos taurus 100-103 20089930-3 2010 Here, we tested the hypothesis that ANG II increases mitochondria-produced O(2)(.-) in neurons and that increased scavenging of mitochondria-produced O(2)(.-) attenuates ANG II-dependent intraneuronal signaling. Superoxides 150-154 angiogenin Homo sapiens 170-173 20089930-5 2010 This response was significantly attenuated in neurons overexpressing the mitochondria-targeted O(2)(.-)-scavenging enzyme Mn-SOD. Superoxides 95-101 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 122-128 20089930-6 2010 To examine the biological significance of the ANG II-mediated increase in mitochondria-produced O(2)(.-), we used the whole cell configuration of the patch-clamp technique to record the well-characterized ANG II-induced inhibition of voltage-gated K(+) current (I(Kv)) in neurons. Superoxides 96-100 angiogenin Homo sapiens 46-49 19843095-2 2010 Regulation of vascular Nox2-containing NADPH oxidase by p47(phox) plays a pivotal role in the development of atherosclerotic lesions through the generation of superoxide. Superoxides 159-169 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 23-27 20172962-7 2010 Enhanced PKC-beta activation by DHEAS resulted in increased phosphorylation of p47(phox), a crucial component of the active reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate complex responsible for neutrophil superoxide generation. Superoxides 211-221 protein kinase C beta Homo sapiens 9-17 20172962-8 2010 Our results demonstrate that PKC-beta acts as an intracellular receptor for DHEAS in human neutrophils, a signaling mechanism entirely distinct from the role of DHEA as sex steroid precursor and with important implications for immunesenescence, which includes reduced neutrophil superoxide generation in response to pathogens. Superoxides 279-289 protein kinase C beta Homo sapiens 29-37 20043000-2 2010 The mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) enzyme is critical in the metabolism of superoxide. Superoxides 18-28 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 42-46 20204285-4 2010 The antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anions into hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 94-111 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 23-53 20204285-4 2010 The antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anions into hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 94-111 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 55-59 20059731-5 2010 Superoxide radicals produced are quickly scavenged by superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), and the resulting H(2)O(2) is detoxified by peroxiredoxin-thioredoxin system or by the enzymes of ascorbate-glutathione cycle, found in the mitochondrial matrix. Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 76-81 20164675-4 2010 The specific effects of DDS in paraquat-treated HDFs are summarized as follows: a) reducing the expression of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) by inhibiting paraquat-induced activation of PKC; b) inhibiting paraquat-induced decreases in mitochondrial complex protein levels as well as in membrane potentials; c) consequently, inhibiting the generation of cytosolic and mitochondrial superoxide anions. Superoxides 373-390 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 127-131 20007453-0 2010 Tumor necrosis factor induces matrix metalloproteinases in cardiomyocytes and cardiofibroblasts differentially via superoxide production in a PI3Kgamma-dependent manner. Superoxides 115-125 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma Mus musculus 142-151 20007453-10 2010 We identified phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)gamma as a key factor in TNF-mediated events since TNF-induced superoxide production, MMP expression, and activity were significantly suppressed in cardiomyocytes and cardiofibroblasts deficient in PI3Kgamma. Superoxides 113-123 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma Mus musculus 45-55 20056909-0 2010 Propionyl-L-carnitine improves postischemic blood flow recovery and arteriogenetic revascularization and reduces endothelial NADPH-oxidase 4-mediated superoxide production. Superoxides 150-160 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 125-140 20088710-1 2010 Retinal mitochondria become dysfunctional in diabetes and the production of superoxide radicals is increased; over-expression of MnSOD abrogates mitochondrial dysfunction and prevents the development of diabetic retinopathy. Superoxides 76-86 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 129-134 20088710-7 2010 Inhibition of superoxide radicals by either MnTBAP or by over-expression of MnSOD prevented mtDNA damage and protected mitochondrial-encoded genes. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 76-81 19898975-6 2010 Visfatin treatment of differentiated C2C12 myotubes generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) comprising both superoxide and hydrogen peroxide that was dependent on de novo transcription and translation. Superoxides 108-118 nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase Homo sapiens 0-8 20083677-8 2010 Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of NoxA1 in guidewire-injured mouse carotid arteries significantly increased superoxide production in medial VSMCs and enhanced neointimal hyperplasia. Superoxides 112-122 NADPH oxidase activator 1 Mus musculus 38-43 19958747-0 2010 UCP1 ectopically expressed in murine muscle displays native function and mitigates mitochondrial superoxide production. Superoxides 97-107 uncoupling protein 1 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 0-4 20065158-1 2010 In the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), angiotensin II-derived superoxide anions, which increase sympathetic nerve activity, induce a pressor response by activating the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. Superoxides 68-85 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 174-210 20065158-1 2010 In the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), angiotensin II-derived superoxide anions, which increase sympathetic nerve activity, induce a pressor response by activating the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. Superoxides 68-85 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 212-220 19854263-0 2010 PKC-delta controls the fMLF-induced overproduction of superoxide by neutrophils. Superoxides 54-64 protein kinase C delta Homo sapiens 0-9 19854263-9 2010 Pharmacological inhibitors of intracellular signals indicated that mechanisms of the excessive fMLF-induced production of O(2)(-) by long-lived neutrophils implicated the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway, preferentially the PKC-delta isoform, whose protein was augmented in these cells. Superoxides 122-126 protein kinase C delta Homo sapiens 189-192 19854263-9 2010 Pharmacological inhibitors of intracellular signals indicated that mechanisms of the excessive fMLF-induced production of O(2)(-) by long-lived neutrophils implicated the protein kinase C (PKC) pathway, preferentially the PKC-delta isoform, whose protein was augmented in these cells. Superoxides 122-126 protein kinase C delta Homo sapiens 222-231 20005509-7 2010 Superoxide as an oxidative stress factor was measured photometrically by the reduction of ferricytochrome C. RESULTS: Vitamin C reduced the cytotoxic effects of P. gingivalis on HGF. Superoxides 0-10 hepatocyte growth factor Homo sapiens 178-181 20005509-10 2010 The exposure of HGF to P. gingivalis led to a significant increase of superoxide concentration, but this effect was not influenced by vitamin C. Superoxides 70-80 hepatocyte growth factor Homo sapiens 16-19 19747415-4 2010 Serotonin derivatives N-(p-coumaroyl)serotonin and N-feruloylserotonin exerted a protective effect on high glucose-induced cell death, inhibited the activation of caspase-3 which represents the last and crucial step within the cascade of events leading to apoptosis, and inhibited the overproduction of the mitochondrial superoxide, which represents the most dangerous radical produced by hyperglycaemia, by acting as scavengers of the superoxide radical. Superoxides 321-331 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 163-172 19747415-4 2010 Serotonin derivatives N-(p-coumaroyl)serotonin and N-feruloylserotonin exerted a protective effect on high glucose-induced cell death, inhibited the activation of caspase-3 which represents the last and crucial step within the cascade of events leading to apoptosis, and inhibited the overproduction of the mitochondrial superoxide, which represents the most dangerous radical produced by hyperglycaemia, by acting as scavengers of the superoxide radical. Superoxides 436-454 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 163-172 19648480-6 2010 Second, brain mineralocorticoid receptors may influence sympathetic drive by upregulating the activity of the brain renin-angiotensin system, resulting in NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent superoxide production. Superoxides 181-191 renin Rattus norvegicus 116-121 21076237-11 2010 The present study revealed that MGO augments Ang II-induced contraction by increasing AT1R-mediated NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production in endothelium of rat carotid artery. Superoxides 122-132 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Rattus norvegicus 86-90 19875441-6 2009 When the reaction is carried out in the presence of cytochrome c to follow superoxide generation, biphasic time courses are observed, indicating that a first equivalent of superoxide is generated in the oxidation of the fully reduced Mo(IV) state of the enzyme to Mo(V), followed by a slower oxidation of the Mo(V) state to Mo(VI). Superoxides 75-85 Cytochrome c Arabidopsis thaliana 52-64 19875441-6 2009 When the reaction is carried out in the presence of cytochrome c to follow superoxide generation, biphasic time courses are observed, indicating that a first equivalent of superoxide is generated in the oxidation of the fully reduced Mo(IV) state of the enzyme to Mo(V), followed by a slower oxidation of the Mo(V) state to Mo(VI). Superoxides 172-182 Cytochrome c Arabidopsis thaliana 52-64 19766117-3 2009 Previous studies have shown that overexpression of SelH in HT22 cells protected the cells from UVB irradiation-induced death by reducing superoxide formation. Superoxides 137-147 selenoprotein H Mus musculus 51-55 19805644-9 2009 However, because expression of the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 3 was similar between SHR and WKY rats, this suggests that superoxide affects Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 3 activity. Superoxides 115-125 solute carrier family 9 member A3 Rattus norvegicus 35-57 19805644-9 2009 However, because expression of the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 3 was similar between SHR and WKY rats, this suggests that superoxide affects Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 3 activity. Superoxides 115-125 solute carrier family 9 member A3 Rattus norvegicus 134-156 20054488-4 2009 Also the overexpression of Ref-1 significantly suppressed Pb-induced superoxide and hydrogen peroxide elevation in the endothelial cells. Superoxides 69-79 apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 Homo sapiens 27-32 19797171-10 2009 Increased superoxide production was associated with increased expression of NAD(P)H oxidase 1 and its molecular regulators, Noxo1 and Noxa1. Superoxides 10-20 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 76-93 19797171-10 2009 Increased superoxide production was associated with increased expression of NAD(P)H oxidase 1 and its molecular regulators, Noxo1 and Noxa1. Superoxides 10-20 NADPH oxidase activator 1 Mus musculus 134-139 19759334-5 2009 We then determined the effects of inhibition of BVR on ANG II-mediated superoxide production. Superoxides 71-81 angiogenin, ribonuclease, RNase A family, 5 Mus musculus 55-58 19467856-2 2009 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is the major antioxidant in the mitochondria, catalysing the dismutation of superoxide radicals to form hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 19576886-13 2009 These results suggest that ET-1 increases the formation of superoxides in the retinal microvascular pericytes most likely by activating NADPH oxidase through ET(A) receptors. Superoxides 59-70 endothelin receptor type A Rattus norvegicus 158-163 19666001-6 2009 All these beneficial effects of resveratrol on the endothelium were abolished by pharmacological antagonism of AMPK by compound C. These results provide new insight into the protective properties of resveratrol against endothelial dysfunction caused by high glucose, which is attributed to the AMPK mediated reduction of superoxide level. Superoxides 321-331 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2 Homo sapiens 111-115 19696743-5 2009 The p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, significantly reduced p47(phox) phosphorylation and diminished superoxide production in neutrophils. Superoxides 97-107 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 4-12 19666846-2 2009 BPA organ cultured for 24 h with 0.1 mM cobalt chloride (CoCl(2)) to increase the expression and activity of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is accompanied by a decrease in 5 microM lucigenin-detectable superoxide and an increase in horseradish peroxidase-luminol detectable peroxide levels. Superoxides 195-205 heme oxygenase 1 Bos taurus 109-125 19666846-2 2009 BPA organ cultured for 24 h with 0.1 mM cobalt chloride (CoCl(2)) to increase the expression and activity of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is accompanied by a decrease in 5 microM lucigenin-detectable superoxide and an increase in horseradish peroxidase-luminol detectable peroxide levels. Superoxides 195-205 heme oxygenase 1 Bos taurus 127-131 19309260-1 2009 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase NOX1 is thought to be involved in signaling by the angiotensin II-receptor AT1R. Superoxides 4-14 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 40-44 19542021-4 2009 Reduction in superoxide levels by each of 3 different interventions-pretreatment with superoxide dismutase (SOD), diphenylene iodinium (DPI), or knockdown of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) by siRNA-attenuated palmitate-mediated NF-kappaB signaling. Superoxides 13-23 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 158-173 19542021-4 2009 Reduction in superoxide levels by each of 3 different interventions-pretreatment with superoxide dismutase (SOD), diphenylene iodinium (DPI), or knockdown of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) by siRNA-attenuated palmitate-mediated NF-kappaB signaling. Superoxides 13-23 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 175-179 19559686-0 2009 Importance of NOX1 for angiotensin II-induced cerebrovascular superoxide production and cortical infarct volume following ischemic stroke. Superoxides 62-72 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 14-18 19559686-2 2009 Mice genetically targeted for the superoxide-forming vascular NADPH oxidase subunit, NOX1, have a blunted hypertensive response to Ang II. Superoxides 34-44 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 85-89 19559686-3 2009 We therefore hypothesised that NOX1 is mechanistically involved in Ang II-induced superoxide production by cerebral arteries, and potentially in stroke outcome. Superoxides 82-92 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 31-35 19559686-4 2009 Superoxide production by cerebral arteries and brains from wild-type (WT) and NOX1 deficient (NOX1-KO) mice was measured using L-012-enhanced chemiluminescence. Superoxides 0-10 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 78-82 19559686-4 2009 Superoxide production by cerebral arteries and brains from wild-type (WT) and NOX1 deficient (NOX1-KO) mice was measured using L-012-enhanced chemiluminescence. Superoxides 0-10 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 94-98 19559686-9 2009 However, Ang II-stimulated increases in superoxide were approximately 70% smaller in rings from NOX1-KO versus WT. Superoxides 40-50 angiogenin, ribonuclease, RNase A family, 5 Mus musculus 9-12 19559686-9 2009 However, Ang II-stimulated increases in superoxide were approximately 70% smaller in rings from NOX1-KO versus WT. Superoxides 40-50 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 96-100 19559686-13 2009 Thus, NOX1 is essential for superoxide production in large cerebral arteries in response to Ang II but not under basal conditions. Superoxides 28-38 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 6-10 19706525-7 2009 We also show that in purified mitochondria, siRNA-mediated knockdown of Nox4 significantly reduces NADPH oxidase activity in pure mitochondria and blocks glucose-induced mitochondrial superoxide generation. Superoxides 184-194 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 72-76 19409487-0 2009 Role of IL-23 in mobilization of immunoregulatory nitric oxide- or superoxide-producing Gr-1+ cells from bone marrow. Superoxides 67-77 interleukin 23, alpha subunit p19 Mus musculus 8-13 19409487-9 2009 The results suggest that IL-23 is involved in mobilization of O2(-)- and NO-producing Gr-1+ cells from BM, which may contribute to its widely studied role in (auto)immunity. Superoxides 62-64 interleukin 23, alpha subunit p19 Mus musculus 25-30 19497959-1 2009 We examined the role of interleukin (IL)-18 and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemokines (CINC)-1 and CINC-3 in the neutrophil release of superoxide anion (O2-) and elastase following alcohol/ethanol (EtOH) and burn injury. Superoxides 136-152 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Rattus norvegicus 100-106 19361273-4 2009 It was found that UCP2 and UCP4 protein levels were upregulated in neo but downregulated in APP and APPsw cells by the superoxide anion. Superoxides 119-135 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 18-22 19361273-4 2009 It was found that UCP2 and UCP4 protein levels were upregulated in neo but downregulated in APP and APPsw cells by the superoxide anion. Superoxides 119-135 solute carrier family 25 member 27 Homo sapiens 27-31 19361273-5 2009 Our results show that the superoxide anion can regulate protein levels of UCP2 and UCP4 in SH-SY5Y cells, and the mitochondrial free Ca(2+) shifted their levels, tightly coupled with the protein levels of UCPs. Superoxides 26-42 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 74-78 19361273-5 2009 Our results show that the superoxide anion can regulate protein levels of UCP2 and UCP4 in SH-SY5Y cells, and the mitochondrial free Ca(2+) shifted their levels, tightly coupled with the protein levels of UCPs. Superoxides 26-42 solute carrier family 25 member 27 Homo sapiens 83-87 19674192-4 2009 We report the first evidence that TGF-beta(1) induces Nrf2 mediated HO-1 expression and antioxidant response element activity, which was paralleled by enhanced superoxide production and expression of the NAD(P)H oxidase subunit p22(phox). Superoxides 160-170 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 34-45 19674192-6 2009 Inhibition of NAD(P)H oxidase or scavenging of superoxide diminished HO-1 induction in response to TGF-beta(1). Superoxides 47-57 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 99-110 19262996-2 2009 Since the dismutation of superoxide is catalyzed by superoxide dismutase enzymes, we tested the association between obesity and Ala16Val manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase gene (MnSOD) polymorphism. Superoxides 25-35 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 184-189 19361482-5 2009 nNOS has also been shown to regulate the production of myocardial superoxide, suggesting that this isoform may influence the cardiac response to stretch or ET-1 by altering the NO-redox balance in the myocardium. Superoxides 66-76 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 19361482-8 2009 Superoxide production (O(2)(-)) was enhanced in nNOS(-/-) myocytes compared to nNOS(+/+); however, this difference was abolished by pre-incubation with apocynin. Superoxides 0-10 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 48-52 19361482-8 2009 Superoxide production (O(2)(-)) was enhanced in nNOS(-/-) myocytes compared to nNOS(+/+); however, this difference was abolished by pre-incubation with apocynin. Superoxides 0-10 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 79-83 19361482-8 2009 Superoxide production (O(2)(-)) was enhanced in nNOS(-/-) myocytes compared to nNOS(+/+); however, this difference was abolished by pre-incubation with apocynin. Superoxides 23-27 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 48-52 19220254-0 2009 Superoxide from NADPH oxidase as second messenger for the expression of osteopontin and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in renal epithelial cells exposed to calcium oxalate crystals. Superoxides 0-10 secreted phosphoprotein 1 Rattus norvegicus 72-83 19357503-1 2009 Fc gamma receptor IIA could influence atherogenic processes through the production of superoxide anions, cytokines, and proteolytic enzymes as well as by oxidation of lipoproteins and enhancement of foam cell formation. Superoxides 86-103 Fc gamma receptor IIa Homo sapiens 0-21 19251784-2 2009 Peroxynitrite production may result from simultaneous synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide by inducible NO-synthase (iNOS) at low L-arginine concentrations. Superoxides 89-99 nitric oxide synthase, inducible Cavia porcellus 103-124 19251784-2 2009 Peroxynitrite production may result from simultaneous synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide by inducible NO-synthase (iNOS) at low L-arginine concentrations. Superoxides 89-99 nitric oxide synthase, inducible Cavia porcellus 126-130 19251784-10 2009 In conclusion, in allergen-challenged guinea pigs, the AHR after the LAR is caused by arginase- and polycation-induced attenuation of L-arginine availability to iNOS, which may switch the enzyme to simultaneous production of superoxide and NO, and, consequently, peroxynitrite. Superoxides 225-235 nitric oxide synthase, inducible Cavia porcellus 161-165 19558795-2 2009 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) converts superoxide radical to hydrogen peroxide within the mitochondrial matrix and is one of the most important antioxidant enzymes. Superoxides 48-66 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-30 19558795-2 2009 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) converts superoxide radical to hydrogen peroxide within the mitochondrial matrix and is one of the most important antioxidant enzymes. Superoxides 48-66 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 19345729-4 2009 The effects of mitochondrial superoxide scavenger on glucose-induced alterations in MMP-2, and its proenzyme activator MT1-MMP and physiological inhibitor TIMP-2, were determined in retinal endothelial cells, and the regulation of their glucose-induced accelerated apoptosis by the inhibitors of MMP-2 was accessed. Superoxides 29-39 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Rattus norvegicus 84-89 19345729-6 2009 Glucose-induced activation of retinal capillary cell MMP-2 and MT1-MMP and decrease in TIMP-2 were inhibited by superoxide scavengers, and their accelerated apoptosis was prevented by the inhibitors of MMP-2. Superoxides 112-122 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Rattus norvegicus 53-58 19345729-6 2009 Glucose-induced activation of retinal capillary cell MMP-2 and MT1-MMP and decrease in TIMP-2 were inhibited by superoxide scavengers, and their accelerated apoptosis was prevented by the inhibitors of MMP-2. Superoxides 112-122 matrix metallopeptidase 14 Rattus norvegicus 63-70 19345729-6 2009 Glucose-induced activation of retinal capillary cell MMP-2 and MT1-MMP and decrease in TIMP-2 were inhibited by superoxide scavengers, and their accelerated apoptosis was prevented by the inhibitors of MMP-2. Superoxides 112-122 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Rattus norvegicus 202-207 19345729-8 2009 Thus, MMP-2 has a proapoptotic role in the loss of retinal capillary cells in diabetes, and the activation of MMP-2 is under the control of superoxide. Superoxides 140-150 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Rattus norvegicus 110-115 19492297-10 2009 Overexpression of APE1/Ref-1 suppressed superoxide production and decreased SA beta-gal in hBMSCs. Superoxides 40-50 apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 Homo sapiens 18-22 19492297-10 2009 Overexpression of APE1/Ref-1 suppressed superoxide production and decreased SA beta-gal in hBMSCs. Superoxides 40-50 apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 Homo sapiens 23-28 19401447-2 2009 Elevating MnSOD levels in cells enhances the conversion of superoxide (O(2)(*-)) to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), combined with inhibiting the removal of H(2)O(2), further increases H(2)O(2) levels, leading to increased cytotoxicity. Superoxides 59-69 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 10-15 19401447-2 2009 Elevating MnSOD levels in cells enhances the conversion of superoxide (O(2)(*-)) to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), combined with inhibiting the removal of H(2)O(2), further increases H(2)O(2) levels, leading to increased cytotoxicity. Superoxides 71-75 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 10-15 19401447-3 2009 We hypothesized that increasing endogenous O(2)(*-) production in cells that were pretreated with adenoviral MnSOD (AdMnSOD) plus 1,3-bis(2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU) would lead to an increased level of intracellular H(2)O(2) accumulation and increased cell killing. Superoxides 43-47 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 109-114 19232731-0 2009 Vav1 and PI3K are required for phagocytosis of beta-glucan and subsequent superoxide generation by microglia. Superoxides 74-84 vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 19265433-2 2009 Superoxide (O(2)(*-)) produced during respiration is removed by the product of the SOD2 gene, the homotetrameric manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 83-87 19265433-2 2009 Superoxide (O(2)(*-)) produced during respiration is removed by the product of the SOD2 gene, the homotetrameric manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 113-143 19265433-2 2009 Superoxide (O(2)(*-)) produced during respiration is removed by the product of the SOD2 gene, the homotetrameric manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 145-150 19265433-2 2009 Superoxide (O(2)(*-)) produced during respiration is removed by the product of the SOD2 gene, the homotetrameric manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Superoxides 12-16 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 83-87 19265433-2 2009 Superoxide (O(2)(*-)) produced during respiration is removed by the product of the SOD2 gene, the homotetrameric manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Superoxides 12-16 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 113-143 19265433-2 2009 Superoxide (O(2)(*-)) produced during respiration is removed by the product of the SOD2 gene, the homotetrameric manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Superoxides 12-16 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 145-150 19178557-7 2009 DISCUSSION: Prolonged seizures prompted NO-, O(2)(-)-, and peroxynitrite-dependent reduction in mitochondrial respiratory enzyme Complex I activity, leading to cytochrome c/caspase-3-dependent apoptotic cell death in the hippocampal CA3 subfield after induction of experimental temporal lobe status epilepticus. Superoxides 45-50 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 173-182 19221207-7 2009 In ATIP1-Tg mice, superoxide anion production and the expression of a proinflammatory cytokine, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, were markedly attenuated. Superoxides 18-34 mitochondrial tumor suppressor 1 Mus musculus 3-8 19131585-3 2009 Because steady laminar flow increases the mitochondrial superoxide (O(2)(*-)) production, we hypothesized that mitochondria-derived ROS play a role in shear-induced HO-1 expression. Superoxides 56-66 heme oxygenase 1 Bos taurus 165-169 19131585-3 2009 Because steady laminar flow increases the mitochondrial superoxide (O(2)(*-)) production, we hypothesized that mitochondria-derived ROS play a role in shear-induced HO-1 expression. Superoxides 68-76 heme oxygenase 1 Bos taurus 165-169 19280689-4 2009 Endothelial Nox4 overexpression enhanced superoxide anion formation and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK. Superoxides 41-57 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 12-16 19118162-5 2009 NADPH oxidase inhibitors (diphenylene iodonium and apocynin) greatly reduced TNF-alpha-evoked O(2)(*-) generation and apoptosis. Superoxides 94-98 tumor necrosis factor Sus scrofa 77-86 19118162-7 2009 Nox4, the cell-specific catalytic subunit of NADPH oxidase, is highly expressed in CMVEC, contributes to basal O(2)(*-) production, and accounts for a burst of oxidative stress in response to TNF-alpha. Superoxides 111-115 NADPH oxidase 4 Sus scrofa 0-4 19076165-0 2009 Nox2-containing NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase are sources of superoxide in mouse trachea. Superoxides 66-76 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 0-4 19076165-6 2009 Tracheas from Nox2(-/-) mice had significantly lower levels (~60%) of superoxide than control mice. Superoxides 70-80 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 14-18 19076165-8 2009 These novel findings suggest that superoxide production by mouse trachea is attributed to both Nox2-containing NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase. Superoxides 34-44 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 95-99 19165765-6 2009 Administration of PEDF or pyridoxal phosphate, an inhibitor of AGEs formation, inhibited platelet P-selectin expression and aggregation by suppressing NADPH oxidase-driven superoxide generation, and subsequently ameliorated a shortened tail vein bleeding time in diabetic rats. Superoxides 172-182 serpin family F member 1 Rattus norvegicus 18-22 19191108-3 2009 By using [(3)H]5HT, it is reported here that 5HT binds to nNOS, but only when the enzyme is active and in a superoxide-dependent manner. Superoxides 108-118 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 58-62 19204183-9 2009 Inhibiting NOX2 blocked the HS-induced increase in O2- (0.62+/-0.39 versus 0.76+/-0.31 U/min per 10(5) cells in LS and HS groups, respectively). Superoxides 51-53 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 11-15 19204183-11 2009 O2- levels in the control cells during LS and HS were 0.80+/-0.30 and 1.56+/-0.49 U/min per 10(5) cells, respectively (P<0.001); whereas O2- levels in NOX4-small-interfering RNA-treated cells during LS and HS were 0.40+/-0.25 and 1.26+/-0.51 U/min per 10(5) cells, respectively (P<0.001). Superoxides 0-2 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 154-158 19204183-12 2009 We conclude that, whereas macula densa cells express the NOX2 and NOX4 isoforms, NOX2 is primarily responsible for NaCl-induced O2- generation. Superoxides 128-130 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 81-85 19129474-3 2009 Prior adaptation of the hac1 mutant deficient in the unfolded protein response (UPR) to the superoxide-generating agent paraquat reduced cell death under ER stress. Superoxides 92-102 transcription factor HAC1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 24-28 19129474-7 2009 These data indicate an important role for SOD and cellular NADP(H) in cell survival during ER stress, and it is proposed that accumulation of superoxide affects NADP(H) homeostasis, leading to reduced UPR induction during ER stress. Superoxides 142-152 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 42-45 19201909-0 2009 IFN-beta impairs superoxide-dependent parasite killing in human macrophages: evidence for a deleterious role of SOD1 in cutaneous leishmaniasis. Superoxides 17-27 interferon beta 1 Homo sapiens 0-8 19201909-4 2009 However, IFN-beta significantly reduced superoxide release in Leishmania-infected as well as uninfected human macrophages. Superoxides 40-50 interferon beta 1 Homo sapiens 9-17 19201909-5 2009 This decrease in superoxide production was paralleled by a significant IFN-beta-mediated increase in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) protein levels. Superoxides 17-27 interferon beta 1 Homo sapiens 71-79 19116138-2 2009 Nox2), produces superoxide, a precursor of microbicidal oxidants, thereby playing a crucial role in host defense. Superoxides 16-26 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 0-4 19057515-6 2009 RESULTS: In the injured artery, superoxide anion production and expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunits p47(phox) and Rac-1 were markedly increased, together with expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Superoxides 32-48 Rac family small GTPase 1 Mus musculus 161-166 18987049-4 2009 The levels of O2(-) and MAPK phosphorylation were higher in aorta from nNOS(-/-) mice than from wild-type mice. Superoxides 14-16 nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal Mus musculus 71-75 18987049-11 2009 CONCLUSION: Under basal conditions, nNOS-derived NO acting as antioxidant reduces O2(-) accumulation and suppresses vascular MAPK phosphorylation. Superoxides 82-87 nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal Mus musculus 36-40 19010334-2 2009 An important enzyme in this process is superoxide dismutase, Sod1, which converts superoxide radicals into water and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 39-49 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 61-65 18983909-2 2009 Here we show that the premature mortality of Drosophila deficient in superoxide scavengers, superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1 or SOD2, is rescued by chronic hypoxia. Superoxides 69-79 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 92-120 18379781-7 2009 CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that selenite induces cell death and apoptosis by production of superoxide in mitochondria and activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway and MnSOD plays an important role in protection against prooxidant effects of superoxide from selenite. Superoxides 260-270 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 186-191 19127068-8 2009 However, superoxide anion production induced by IL5 and sIgA was not consistently inhibited. Superoxides 9-25 interleukin 5 Homo sapiens 48-51 18988766-0 2009 Blockade of AT1 receptor partially restores vasoreactivity, NOS expression, and superoxide levels in cerebral and carotid arteries of hindlimb unweighting rats. Superoxides 80-90 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Rattus norvegicus 12-15 18792915-11 2009 Incubation of 13-cis-retinoic acid (RA)-treated aHSCs with superoxide increased their GSH content significantly, and prevented superoxide-induced p38-MAPK and caspase-3 activation while dramatically reducing the extent of apoptosis. Superoxides 127-137 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 146-149 18792915-11 2009 Incubation of 13-cis-retinoic acid (RA)-treated aHSCs with superoxide increased their GSH content significantly, and prevented superoxide-induced p38-MAPK and caspase-3 activation while dramatically reducing the extent of apoptosis. Superoxides 127-137 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 159-168 18792915-13 2009 These results suggest that the absence of retinoids render aHSCs susceptible to superoxide-induced apoptosis via caspase-3 and p38-MAPK activation. Superoxides 80-90 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 113-122 18792915-13 2009 These results suggest that the absence of retinoids render aHSCs susceptible to superoxide-induced apoptosis via caspase-3 and p38-MAPK activation. Superoxides 80-90 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 127-130 20375610-2 2009 In activation of the oxidase, the multidomain protein p67(phox)plays a central role: it translocates to the membrane as a ternary complex with p47(phox)and p40(phox), and interacts with the small GTPase Rac to assemble with the membrane-integrated catalytic protein gp91(phox), leading to superoxide production. Superoxides 289-299 interleukin 9 Homo sapiens 156-159 18714161-7 2009 Inhibition of superoxide was associated with a decreased Bax/Bcl-xL ratio, and caspase-3 and -9 expression. Superoxides 14-24 Bcl2-like 1 Rattus norvegicus 61-67 18714161-7 2009 Inhibition of superoxide was associated with a decreased Bax/Bcl-xL ratio, and caspase-3 and -9 expression. Superoxides 14-24 caspase 3 Rattus norvegicus 79-95 18987137-8 2009 The induction of MnSOD expression was dependent on vFLIP/K13-mediated activation of NF-kappaB, occurred in a cell-intrinsic manner, and was correlated with decreased intracellular superoxide accumulation and increased resistance of endothelial cells to superoxide-induced death. Superoxides 180-190 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 17-22 18987137-8 2009 The induction of MnSOD expression was dependent on vFLIP/K13-mediated activation of NF-kappaB, occurred in a cell-intrinsic manner, and was correlated with decreased intracellular superoxide accumulation and increased resistance of endothelial cells to superoxide-induced death. Superoxides 253-263 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 17-22 18974051-3 2008 Nitro-oleic acid inhibits XOR activity in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 0.6 microM, limiting both purine oxidation and formation of superoxide (O2.). Superoxides 151-161 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 26-29 18974051-3 2008 Nitro-oleic acid inhibits XOR activity in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of 0.6 microM, limiting both purine oxidation and formation of superoxide (O2.). Superoxides 163-165 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 26-29 23675099-4 2008 Approximately 0.3% of O2 ( -) present in cytosol exists in its protonated form: hydroperoxyl radical (HO2 ( )). Superoxides 22-24 heme oxygenase 2 Homo sapiens 102-105 18981572-10 2008 Furthermore, Rb1 reduced the TNF-alpha-induced increase of superoxide anion production by 41% and inhibited the TNF-alpha-induced decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential by 44% in HUVECs. Superoxides 59-75 RB transcriptional corepressor 1 Homo sapiens 13-16 18981572-12 2008 In conclusion, Rb1 effectively blocked the TNF-alpha-induced over-expression of VCAM-1, increased THP-1 adhesion and over-production of superoxide anion. Superoxides 136-152 RB transcriptional corepressor 1 Homo sapiens 15-18 18711001-1 2008 The phagocyte NADPH oxidase generates superoxide for microbial killing, and includes a membrane-bound flavocytochrome b(558) and cytosolic p67(phox), p47(phox), and p40(phox) subunits that undergo membrane translocation upon cellular activation. Superoxides 38-48 interleukin 9 Homo sapiens 165-168 18711001-3 2008 Recent studies showed that phagocytosis-induced superoxide production is stimulated by p40(phox) and its binding to phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate (PI3P), a phosphoinositide enriched in membranes of internalized phagosomes. Superoxides 48-58 interleukin 9 Homo sapiens 87-90 18711001-8 2008 We conclude that p40(phox) functions primarily to regulate FcgammaR-induced NADPH oxidase activity rather than assembly, and stimulates superoxide production via a PI3P signal that increases after phagosome internalization. Superoxides 136-146 interleukin 9 Homo sapiens 17-20 19230380-0 2008 The role of UCP2 and ADP/ATP antiporter in superoxide radical-induced uncoupling in kidney mitochondria. Superoxides 43-61 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 12-16 18678861-4 2008 Here we found that the proteolytic activation of the xanthine dehydrogenase/xanthine oxidase (XD/XO) system was required because pretreatment with serine protease inhibitors abolished rhinovirus-induced superoxide generation in primary bronchial and A549 respiratory epithelial cells. Superoxides 203-213 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 53-75 18518859-8 2008 The activated forms of Rac1 and NOXA1 are essentially involved in Nox1 activation and their interactions might be responsible for regulating the O(2)(-)-producing activity in Caco-2 cells. Superoxides 145-150 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 66-70 18646267-3 2008 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is the only known superoxide scavenger in mitochondria. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 18812505-0 2008 Superoxide anions regulate TORC1 and its ability to bind Fpr1:rapamycin complex. Superoxides 0-17 peptidylprolyl isomerase FPR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 57-61 18497304-8 2008 ONOO(-) generated by the interaction between exogenous administration of O(2)(*-) and endogenous *NO, or provided by direct injection of ONOO(-), activated the transcription factor NF-kappaB in paw tissues, enhancing expression of the inducible but not the constitutive cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX-2 and COX-1, respectively). Superoxides 73-77 cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 293-298 18807499-0 2008 [Crystal structure of p40(phox) and regulation mechanism of superoxide generation]. Superoxides 60-70 interleukin 9 Homo sapiens 22-25 18594523-2 2008 Manganese superoxide disumutase (MnSOD) is an important antioxidant enzyme responsible for the elimination of superoxide radicals. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 33-38 18594523-4 2008 Knockdown of MnSOD by small-interfering RNA (siRNA) led to an increase in superoxide generation and sensitisation of ovarian cancer cells to the two front-line anti-cancer agents doxorubicin and paclitaxel whose action involved free-radical generation. Superoxides 74-84 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 13-18 18398843-1 2008 The NADPH-oxidase 1 (Nox1) is a homolog of gp91phox, the catalytic subunit of the phagocyte superoxide-generating NADPH-oxidase. Superoxides 92-102 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 4-19 18398843-1 2008 The NADPH-oxidase 1 (Nox1) is a homolog of gp91phox, the catalytic subunit of the phagocyte superoxide-generating NADPH-oxidase. Superoxides 92-102 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 21-25 18270969-7 2008 MnSOD is a key member of the mitochondrial defense system against mitochondrial-derived superoxide. Superoxides 88-98 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-5 18417530-4 2008 Treatment of these cells with superoxide, H(2)O(2) or 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) significantly inhibited steroid production and increased phosphorylation and activation of p38 MAPK. Superoxides 30-40 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 171-179 18440651-9 2008 Preincubation with IFN-gamma resulted in enhanced GM-CSF- or IL-5-induced superoxide anion generation and degranulation of human eosinophils, whereas stimulus-induced eosinophil adhesion was unaffected. Superoxides 74-90 interleukin 5 Homo sapiens 61-65 18440651-13 2008 In conclusion, IFN-gamma might upregulate ERK, p38, or JNK/ATF-2 phosphorylation induced by GM-CSF or IL-5, leading to enhanced cytokine-induced eosinophil superoxide generation and degranulation. Superoxides 156-166 interleukin 5 Homo sapiens 102-106 18413139-1 2008 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is the only primary antioxidant enzyme in mitochondria that scavenges superoxide radicals. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 18539196-8 2008 Granulocyte responses to IL-33 were monitored by superoxide anion production and by degranulation; IL-5, IL-1beta, and TNF-alpha served as controls. Superoxides 49-65 interleukin 33 Homo sapiens 25-30 18485875-4 2008 Here we find that GzmA accesses the mitochondrial matrix to cleave the complex I protein NDUFS3, an iron-sulfur subunit of the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex I, after Lys56 to interfere with NADH oxidation and generate superoxide anions. Superoxides 227-244 granzyme A Homo sapiens 18-22 18281048-3 2008 Overexpression of the superoxide scavenger MnSOD and the hydrogen peroxide scavenger catalase inhibited tube formation in estrogen treated endothelial cells. Superoxides 22-32 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 43-48 18292390-9 2008 Finally, human macrophages acquire responsiveness to the CXCR2 ligands (IL-8 and Grobeta), as measured by superoxide anion production, after induction of CXCR2 expression by PPAR-gamma ligands. Superoxides 106-122 C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 2 Homo sapiens 57-62 18309109-12 2008 CONCLUSIONS: STC1 maintains endothelial permeability in TNF-alpha-treated HCAECs through preservation of tight junction protein expression, suppression of superoxide anion production, and inhibition of the activation of NFkappaB and JNK, suggesting an important role for STC1 in regulating endothelial functions during cardiovascular inflammation. Superoxides 155-171 stanniocalcin 1 Homo sapiens 13-17 18061304-11 2008 Altered expression of antioxidant systems lead to enhanced production of superoxide production and lipid peroxidation, which can induce APE1/ref-1 in the tumor regions of NSCLS. Superoxides 73-83 apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 Homo sapiens 136-140 18061304-11 2008 Altered expression of antioxidant systems lead to enhanced production of superoxide production and lipid peroxidation, which can induce APE1/ref-1 in the tumor regions of NSCLS. Superoxides 73-83 apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1 Homo sapiens 141-146 18289732-7 2008 Transfection with dominant negative vector of p38 alpha reduced LPS+IFN-gamma-induced ONOO(-) generation through blocking both iNOS-derived NO production and NADPH oxidase-derived O2(-) production. Superoxides 180-182 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 46-55 18446057-4 2008 TNF treatment induced rapid accumulation of mitochondrial superoxide (O2-) through the Nox1 NADPH oxidase when cells undergo necrosis. Superoxides 58-68 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 87-91 18446057-4 2008 TNF treatment induced rapid accumulation of mitochondrial superoxide (O2-) through the Nox1 NADPH oxidase when cells undergo necrosis. Superoxides 70-72 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 87-91 18207366-3 2008 A quantitative analysis based on the intensity of different spectra demonstrated a local O2- production derived from the SR. M(1)-receptor agonist, oxotremorine (Oxo) and a Ca2+ ionophore, A23187, time-dependently increased this O2- production colocalized with the SR. NOX inhibitors, diphenylene iodonium (DPI) and apocynin (Apo), or superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, and Nox4 (a major intracellular NOX subunit) siRNA all substantially blocked this local production of O2-, demonstrating an involvement of NOX. Superoxides 89-91 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 380-384 18201545-6 2008 Furthermore, treatment with either ONOO- or O2.- stimulated nNOS uncoupling with decreased NO and enhanced O2.- generation. Superoxides 44-46 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 60-64 18201545-6 2008 Furthermore, treatment with either ONOO- or O2.- stimulated nNOS uncoupling with decreased NO and enhanced O2.- generation. Superoxides 107-109 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 60-64 18201545-7 2008 Thus, nNOS is reversibly uncoupled by O2.- (50muM), but irreversibly uncoupled and inactivated by ONOO-. Superoxides 38-40 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 6-10 17850801-5 2008 Intravenous injection of PEDF dose-dependently inhibited thrombus formation and blocked the increase in immunoreactivity of P-selectin, a marker of platelet activation, NADPH oxidase activity and superoxide generation in thrombi. Superoxides 196-206 serpin family F member 1 Rattus norvegicus 25-29 17763945-5 2008 In non-haloperidol treated animals, NAC 50 and 500 mg/kg did not affect oxidative status, although NAC 1,500 mg/kg significantly increased striatal superoxide levels, decreased lipid peroxidation and increased consumption of reduced glutathione (GSH). Superoxides 148-158 nucleus accumbens associated 1 Rattus norvegicus 99-104 18247479-2 2008 As MnSOD has been shown to remove superoxide radical with varying efficiency depending upon its cellular origin, a comparison of the Drad MnSOD efficiency with that of both human and Escherichia coli MnSODs was undertaken. Superoxides 34-52 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 3-8 18247479-3 2008 Pulse radiolysis studies demonstrate that, under identical ratios of enzyme to superoxide radical, the dismutation efficiencies scaled as Drad MnSOD > E. coli MnSOD > human MnSOD. Superoxides 79-97 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 143-148 18247479-3 2008 Pulse radiolysis studies demonstrate that, under identical ratios of enzyme to superoxide radical, the dismutation efficiencies scaled as Drad MnSOD > E. coli MnSOD > human MnSOD. Superoxides 79-97 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 162-167 18247479-3 2008 Pulse radiolysis studies demonstrate that, under identical ratios of enzyme to superoxide radical, the dismutation efficiencies scaled as Drad MnSOD > E. coli MnSOD > human MnSOD. Superoxides 79-97 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 162-167 18247479-4 2008 Further, Drad MnSOD is most effective at high superoxide fluxes found under conditions of high radioactivity. Superoxides 46-56 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 14-19 17993589-9 2008 Exogenous expression of caveolin-1 in COS-phox cells augmented the fMLP-induced Rac1 activation and superoxide production, indicating a direct role of caveolin-1 in the mechanism of superoxide production. Superoxides 182-192 Rac family small GTPase 1 Mus musculus 80-84 18082129-4 2008 We observed that the abundance of UCP2 in macrophages increased rapidly in response to treatments (rotenone, antimycin A and diethyldithiocarbamate) that increased mitochondrial superoxide production, but not in response to superoxide produced outside the mitochondria or in response to H2O2. Superoxides 178-188 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 34-38 17981802-0 2008 Mechanism of angiotensin II-induced superoxide production in cells reconstituted with angiotensin type 1 receptor and the components of NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 36-46 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 86-113 17981802-1 2008 The mechanism of angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced superoxide production was investigated with HEK293 or Chinese hamster ovary cells reconstituted with the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT(1)R) and NADPH oxidase (either Nox1 or Nox2) along with a pair of adaptor subunits (either NOXO1 with NOXA1 or p47(phox) with p67(phox)). Superoxides 49-59 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 154-181 17981802-1 2008 The mechanism of angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced superoxide production was investigated with HEK293 or Chinese hamster ovary cells reconstituted with the angiotensin type 1 receptor (AT(1)R) and NADPH oxidase (either Nox1 or Nox2) along with a pair of adaptor subunits (either NOXO1 with NOXA1 or p47(phox) with p67(phox)). Superoxides 49-59 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 183-189 17981802-3 2008 Expression of several AT(1)R mutants showed that interaction of the receptor with G proteins but not that with beta-arrestin or with other proteins (Jak2, phospholipase C-gamma1, SH2 domain-containing phosphatase 2) that bind to the COOH-terminal region of AT(1)R, was necessary for Ang II-induced superoxide production. Superoxides 298-308 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 22-28 18091741-7 2008 Nuclear translocation of NFkappaB (p65) was noted within 5 min of exposure to H(2)O(2) and at least 15 min after exposure to superoxide or BSO. Superoxides 125-135 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 35-38 18023288-8 2008 Inhibition of 12-lipoxygenase decreased basal and arachidonic acid induced Nox1-dependent superoxide production and cell migration. Superoxides 90-100 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 75-79 18023288-10 2008 Protein kinase C delta inhibition by rottlerin (and also GO6983) prevented Nox1-dependent superoxide production and inhibited cell migration, while other protein kinase C inhibitors were ineffective. Superoxides 90-100 protein kinase C delta Homo sapiens 0-22 18023288-10 2008 Protein kinase C delta inhibition by rottlerin (and also GO6983) prevented Nox1-dependent superoxide production and inhibited cell migration, while other protein kinase C inhibitors were ineffective. Superoxides 90-100 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 75-79 18068099-5 2008 A time-dependent enhancement showed that the production of IL-1, NO and IL-12 were significantly increased within 6 h. Superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) production by macrophages from GP-treated mice was higher than that of cells from untreated mice. Superoxides 119-135 interleukin 1 complex Mus musculus 59-63 18068099-5 2008 A time-dependent enhancement showed that the production of IL-1, NO and IL-12 were significantly increased within 6 h. Superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) production by macrophages from GP-treated mice was higher than that of cells from untreated mice. Superoxides 137-141 interleukin 1 complex Mus musculus 59-63 18044968-6 2007 Moreover, the mechanism of this weakened product inhibition was similar to that in E. coli MnSOD, specifically a decrease in the rate constant for the oxidative addition of superoxide to Mn2+MnSOD leading to the formation of the peroxide-inhibited enzyme. Superoxides 173-183 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 91-96 18044968-6 2007 Moreover, the mechanism of this weakened product inhibition was similar to that in E. coli MnSOD, specifically a decrease in the rate constant for the oxidative addition of superoxide to Mn2+MnSOD leading to the formation of the peroxide-inhibited enzyme. Superoxides 173-183 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 191-196 18004884-6 2007 Further support that binding of the p47phox SH3 domains modulates the structure of Cyt b was obtained using a cell-free assay system where p47SH3AB enhanced superoxide production in the presence of a p67phox (1-212)-Rac1(Q61L) fusion protein. Superoxides 157-167 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 200-207 17941699-11 2007 The results demonstrate fundamental differences between the pharmacological properties of CA1 and CA4 that provide two possible explanations for their differential activities in vivo: oxidative activation to a quinone intermediate likely to bind to protein thiols and possibly to nucleic acids and stimulation of oxidative stress by enhancing superoxide/hydrogen peroxide production. Superoxides 343-353 carbonic anhydrase 4 Homo sapiens 98-101 18091585-7 2007 These findings suggest that NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide, probably produced due to stimulation of AT1 receptors, reacts with NO to form peroxynitrite, and consequently decreases active NO, leading to attenuation of endothelium-dependent relaxation. Superoxides 50-60 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Rattus norvegicus 102-105 18025218-11 2007 The ability to induce PKCdelta phosphorylation may distinguish a full agonist from a partial agonist for superoxide production. Superoxides 105-115 protein kinase C delta Homo sapiens 22-30 17942113-10 2007 Furthermore, CRP-induced O(2)(-) production was reversed by pharmacologic inhibition and siRNAs to p47 phox and p22 phox. Superoxides 25-32 dynein cytoplasmic 1 heavy chain 1 Homo sapiens 112-115 17872466-5 2007 H2O2 and superoxide anion (O2(-)) production were significantly blunted in the Ets-1(-/-) mice. Superoxides 9-25 E26 avian leukemia oncogene 1, 5' domain Mus musculus 79-84 17872466-5 2007 H2O2 and superoxide anion (O2(-)) production were significantly blunted in the Ets-1(-/-) mice. Superoxides 2-4 E26 avian leukemia oncogene 1, 5' domain Mus musculus 79-84 17698051-1 2007 Peptide hormone Angiotensin II (Ang II) activates NAD(P)H oxidase, via AT1 receptors leading to increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as the superoxide anion (O(2)(-)). Superoxides 163-179 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 71-74 17698051-1 2007 Peptide hormone Angiotensin II (Ang II) activates NAD(P)H oxidase, via AT1 receptors leading to increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as the superoxide anion (O(2)(-)). Superoxides 181-185 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 71-74 17682092-7 2007 TPO prevented the increase in total and mitochondrial superoxide and the beta-cell dysfunction induced by high glucose. Superoxides 54-64 thyroid peroxidase Rattus norvegicus 0-3 17712041-0 2007 Platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1-directed endothelial targeting of superoxide dismutase alleviates oxidative stress caused by either extracellular or intracellular superoxide. Superoxides 80-90 platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 0-45 17854710-7 2007 Cells with mutant K-ras had significantly lower amounts of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) vs those with wild-type K-ras, but MnSOD protein correlated positively with superoxide levels. Superoxides 69-79 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 91-96 17631609-11 2007 Compared with control lambs, catalase and SOD2 protein levels were decreased in 2-wk-old shunt lambs and this was associated with increased levels of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and superoxide (P < 0.05). Superoxides 183-193 superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Ovis aries 42-46 17709654-6 2007 Cardiac xanthine oxidoreductase inhibition with oxypurinol significantly reduced cardiac superoxide, prevented the progression of cardiac remodeling, and delayed the mortality in DS rats. Superoxides 89-99 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 8-31 17635921-5 2007 Nicotine-induced AMPK phosphorylation appeared to be mediated by reactive oxygen species based on the finding that nicotine significantly increased superoxide anions and 3-nitrotyrosine-positive proteins, exogenous peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) mimicked the effects of nicotine on AMPK, and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) abolished nicotine-enhanced AMPK phosphorylation. Superoxides 148-165 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1 Homo sapiens 17-21 17460729-1 2007 We have shown that superoxide radical-generating NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) is increased in intermediate human transformed cells. Superoxides 19-37 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 49-64 17460729-1 2007 We have shown that superoxide radical-generating NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) is increased in intermediate human transformed cells. Superoxides 19-37 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 66-70 17460729-8 2007 Compared with the control line, Nox1 lines showed greater expression of Nox1, Rac1, p47phox, p67phox, NOXO1, and NOXA1 with concomitant increased superoxide generation. Superoxides 146-156 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 32-36 17522887-4 2007 Related mRNA-level analysis showed the AtMTM1 gene is induced by paraquat but not by hydrogen peroxide, which indicates that this gene is related to the superoxide scavenger SOD. Superoxides 153-163 Myotubularin-like phosphatases II superfamily Arabidopsis thaliana 39-45 17679617-3 2007 Here, we demonstrate that diabetes reduced BH4 by increasing 26S proteasome-dependent degradation of guanosine 5"-triphosphate cyclohydrolase I (GTPCH), a rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of BH4, in parallel with increased formation of both superoxide and peroxynitrite (ONOO-). Superoxides 246-256 GTP cyclohydrolase 1 Homo sapiens 145-150 17501721-8 2007 The pattern of NOX4-dependent ROS generation was unique: (i) ROS release upon NOX4 induction was spontaneous without need for a stimulus, and (ii) the type of ROS released from NOX4-expressing cells was H(2)O(2), whereas superoxide (O(2)(-)) was almost undetectable. Superoxides 221-231 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 15-19 17501721-9 2007 Probes that allow detection of intracellular O(2)(-) generation yielded differential results: DHE (dihydroethidium) fluorescence and ACP (1-acetoxy-3-carboxy-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine) ESR measurements did not detect any NOX4 signal, whereas a robust signal was observed with NBT. Superoxides 45-49 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 226-230 17501721-10 2007 Thus NOX4 probably generates O(2)(-) within an intracellular compartment that is accessible to NBT (Nitro Blue Tetrazolium), but not to DHE or ACP. Superoxides 29-36 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 5-9 17293848-0 2007 iNOS-derived NO and nox2-derived superoxide confer tolerance to excitotoxic brain injury through peroxynitrite. Superoxides 33-43 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 20-24 17634371-3 2007 In the present study, we show that p75(NTR)-mediated apoptosis in motor neurons involved neutral sphingomyelinase activation, increased mitochondrial superoxide production, and cytochrome c release to the cytosol. Superoxides 150-160 neurotensin receptor 1 Homo sapiens 39-42 17634371-9 2007 Together, our data indicate that p75(NTR)-mediated motor neuron apoptosis involves ceramide-dependent increased mitochondrial superoxide production. Superoxides 126-136 neurotensin receptor 1 Homo sapiens 37-40 17336361-10 2007 Tat therefore activates multiple signaling pathways, in one of which superoxide acts as an intermediate while the other utilizes peroxide. Superoxides 69-79 tyrosine aminotransferase Homo sapiens 0-3 17502491-2 2007 Here we study aortic dissection in mice deficient in the superoxide-generating reduced nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase NOX1. Superoxides 57-67 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 139-143 17560373-2 2007 TNF signaling enables the generation of superoxide in phagocytic and vascular cells through the activation of the NADPH oxidase Nox2/gp91. Superoxides 40-50 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 128-132 17560373-6 2007 Moreover, the prevention of TNF-induced superoxide generation with dominant-negative mutants of TRADD or Rac1, as well as knockdown of Nox1 using siRNA, inhibits necrosis. Superoxides 40-50 Rac family small GTPase 1 Mus musculus 105-109 17525281-3 2007 Because the pathophysiological feature of restenosis is characterized by increased superoxide formation and accumulation of smooth muscle cells (SMCs), PEDF may inhibit this process via suppression of reactive oxygen species generation. Superoxides 83-93 serpin family F member 1 Homo sapiens 152-156 17525281-7 2007 Expression and superoxide generation of the membrane components of NADPH oxidase, p22(phox) and gp91(phox), in the neointima were also suppressed by Ad-PEDF. Superoxides 15-25 serpin family F member 1 Homo sapiens 152-156 17462535-0 2007 Nox1-based NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide is required for VSMC activation by advanced glycation end-products. Superoxides 33-43 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 17470727-10 2007 These data demonstrate novel and differential mechanisms by which ERalpha and ERbeta activation control coronary artery vasoreactivity in males and females and regulate vascular NO and O(2)(-) formation. Superoxides 185-189 estrogen receptor 2 Homo sapiens 78-84 17493633-14 2007 Furthermore, exogenous addition of ALDH decreased superoxide generation in vitro and attenuated NO consumption in vascular smooth muscle cell homogenates. Superoxides 50-60 aldehyde dehydrogenase 3 family, member A1 Rattus norvegicus 35-39 17395009-1 2007 Human recombinant MnSOD and CuZnSOD were both inactivated when exposed to simultaneous fluxes of superoxide (JO(2)(*-)) and nitric oxide (J*NO). Superoxides 97-107 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 18-23 17308307-5 2007 Blockade of reactive oxygen species production by antioxidant N-acetylcysteine or superoxide scavenger Tiron inhibits GzmK-induced cell death. Superoxides 82-92 granzyme K Homo sapiens 118-122 17515880-7 2007 Inhibition of superoxide significantly attenuated glucose-induced activation of H-Ras, Raf-1 and p-p38 MAP kinase. Superoxides 14-24 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 99-102 17363703-7 2007 Aortic superoxide production was significantly increased in Nox2-Tg mice compared with wild-type, but this difference was abolished by endothelial removal. Superoxides 7-17 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 60-64 17138723-0 2007 High salt intake reduces endothelium-dependent dilation of mouse arterioles via superoxide anion generated from nitric oxide synthase. Superoxides 80-96 nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal Mus musculus 112-133 17301076-0 2007 Two mutations convert mammalian xanthine oxidoreductase to highly superoxide-productive xanthine oxidase. Superoxides 66-76 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 32-55 17301076-2 2007 Mammalian xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) can be converted to xanthine oxidase (XO), which produces both superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide in a molar ratio of about 1:3, depending upon the conditions. Superoxides 102-118 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 10-32 17301076-2 2007 Mammalian xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) can be converted to xanthine oxidase (XO), which produces both superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide in a molar ratio of about 1:3, depending upon the conditions. Superoxides 102-118 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 34-37 17301076-3 2007 Here, we present a mutant of rat XOR that displays mainly XO activity with a superoxide:hydrogen peroxide production ratio of about 6:1. Superoxides 77-87 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 33-36 17394464-1 2007 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) provides the first line of defense against superoxide generated in mitochondria. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 17394464-2 2007 SOD competes with nitric oxide for reaction with superoxide and prevents generation of peroxynitrite, a potent oxidant that can modify proteins to form 3-nitrotyrosine. Superoxides 49-59 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-3 17291583-5 2007 Antioxidant enzymes include two types of superoxide dismutase (SOD), which specifically scavenges superoxide radicals: copper-zinc SOD, which is located in the cytosol and Mn-SOD, which is located in the mitochondria. Superoxides 41-51 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 172-178 16820798-7 2007 In contrast, ROS production and brain injury were reduced in mice lacking the nox2 subunit of the superoxide-producing enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form) oxidase. Superoxides 98-108 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 78-82 17196179-12 2007 Thus, the study documented regional distributions of NOS, NAD(P)H oxidase, antioxidant enzymes, sGC and calmodulin which collectively regulate production and biological activities of NO and superoxide, the two important small molecular size signaling molecules. Superoxides 190-200 calmodulin 1 Rattus norvegicus 104-114 17138940-1 2007 OBJECTIVE: Angiotensin II (AngII) disrupts the regulation of the cerebral circulation through superoxide, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by a nox2-containing NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 94-104 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 153-157 17138940-8 2007 CONCLUSIONS: These findings provide evidence that peroxynitrite, formed from NO and nox2-derived superoxide, contributes to the deleterious cerebrovascular effects of AngII. Superoxides 97-107 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 84-88 16788136-1 2007 It is unknown if endothelin-A and -B receptors (ET(A)R and ET(B)R) activate the production of superoxide via NAD(P)H oxidase and subsequently stimulate the formation of cyclic adenine diphosphate ribose (cADPR) in afferent arterioles. Superoxides 94-104 endothelin receptor type A Rattus norvegicus 48-54 16788136-1 2007 It is unknown if endothelin-A and -B receptors (ET(A)R and ET(B)R) activate the production of superoxide via NAD(P)H oxidase and subsequently stimulate the formation of cyclic adenine diphosphate ribose (cADPR) in afferent arterioles. Superoxides 94-104 endothelin receptor type B Rattus norvegicus 59-65 16788136-12 2007 We conclude that ET(A)R activation of afferent arterioles increases the formation of superoxide that accounts for approximately 60% of subsequent Ca(2+) signaling. Superoxides 85-95 endothelin receptor type A Rattus norvegicus 17-23 16788136-13 2007 ET(B)R activation appears to result in only minor increases in superoxide production. Superoxides 63-73 endothelin receptor type B Rattus norvegicus 0-6 17115888-4 2007 An hypothesis is that Rac1 may act as an important regulator of vascular O2*- production, contributing to the balance between O2*- and NO* and maintaining consequent homeostasis of blood pressure. Superoxides 73-77 Rac family small GTPase 1 Mus musculus 22-26 17115888-4 2007 An hypothesis is that Rac1 may act as an important regulator of vascular O2*- production, contributing to the balance between O2*- and NO* and maintaining consequent homeostasis of blood pressure. Superoxides 126-130 Rac family small GTPase 1 Mus musculus 22-26 17982273-4 2007 By small interfering RNA (siRNA), it was found that Rac1-siRNA attenuated Hcys-induced superoxide (O(2)(-)) production. Superoxides 87-97 Rac family small GTPase 1 Rattus norvegicus 52-56 17982273-4 2007 By small interfering RNA (siRNA), it was found that Rac1-siRNA attenuated Hcys-induced superoxide (O(2)(-)) production. Superoxides 99-104 Rac family small GTPase 1 Rattus norvegicus 52-56 17183702-10 2006 The reduction of tellurite by bovine catalase occurs at the expense of producing the highly reactive superoxide radical. Superoxides 101-119 catalase Bos taurus 37-45 17128987-1 2006 We have previously shown that redox agents including superoxide anion radical and nitrogen dioxide can react with GXXXXGK(S/T)C motif-containing GTPases (i.e., Rac1, Cdc42, and RhoA) to stimulate guanine nucleotide release. Superoxides 53-77 cell division cycle 42 Homo sapiens 166-171 17106266-9 2006 The observed H2AX phosphorylation in lymphocytes may reflect their DNA damage by the superoxide ions propagating from the neighboring granulocytes and/or monocytes. Superoxides 85-95 H2A.X variant histone Homo sapiens 13-17 17015180-1 2006 The principal source of hydrogen peroxide in mitochondria is thought to be from the dismutation of superoxide via the enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Superoxides 99-109 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 125-155 17015180-1 2006 The principal source of hydrogen peroxide in mitochondria is thought to be from the dismutation of superoxide via the enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Superoxides 99-109 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 157-162 16705145-0 2006 Nitric oxide stimulates COX-2 expression in cultured collecting duct cells through MAP kinases and superoxide but not cGMP. Superoxides 99-109 cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial Mus musculus 24-29 16705145-10 2006 Thus we conclude that NO stimulates COX-2 expression in collecting duct cells through mechanisms involving MAP kinase and superoxide, but not cGMP. Superoxides 122-132 cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial Mus musculus 36-41 16987008-2 2006 The human genome contains seven members of the Nox family: the superoxide-producing enzymes Nox1 through Nox5 and the dual oxidases Duox1 and Duox2 that release hydrogen peroxide but not superoxide. Superoxides 63-73 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 92-96 16987008-5 2006 Here the authors describe how the novel superoxide-producing Nox oxidases (Nox1, 3, 4, and 5) with different functions are regulated by p22( phox ), the Nox organizers, the Nox activators, and Rac, and how their expression is controlled at the transcriptional level. Superoxides 40-50 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 75-92 16781079-0 2006 PIN inhibits nitric oxide and superoxide production from purified neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Superoxides 30-40 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 66-96 16781079-4 2006 Furthermore, nNOS also generates superoxide (.O(2)(-)) at low levels of L-arginine. Superoxides 33-43 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 13-17 16904976-11 2006 In addition, SN significantly increased superoxide anion in HCAECs (P < 0.05). Superoxides 40-56 secretogranin II Homo sapiens 13-15 16569212-0 2006 Evidence that cytochrome b559 is involved in superoxide production in photosystem II: effect of synthetic short-chain plastoquinones in a cytochrome b559 tobacco mutant. Superoxides 45-55 cytochrome b Nicotiana tabacum 14-26 16814103-1 2006 We have studied the effects of overexpression of superoxide dismutase (SOD), a tumor suppressor protein that dismutes superoxide radical to H2O2, on breast cancer cell growth in vitro and xenograft growth in vivo. Superoxides 118-136 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 71-74 16753143-2 2006 Generation of nitric oxide (NO) and its product with superoxide, peroxynitrite, is also increased in diabetes and can induce COX-2. Superoxides 53-63 cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 125-130 16753143-7 2006 These results, coupled with those using tempol, suggest that NO or its product with superoxide may contribute to the induction of renal COX-2 in the diabetic rat. Superoxides 84-94 cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 136-141 16814134-0 2006 Ghrelin inhibits vascular superoxide production in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Superoxides 26-36 ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide Rattus norvegicus 0-7 16814134-5 2006 Because oxidative stress and increased superoxide production by NAD(P)H oxidases (Nox) are critical in the pathogenesis of hypertension, we aimed to study the effects of ghrelin on vascular superoxide production and NAD(P)H oxidase activity in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Superoxides 190-200 ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide Rattus norvegicus 170-177 16814134-8 2006 Direct superoxide scavenging properties of ghrelin were tested using xanthine-xanthine oxidase system. Superoxides 7-17 ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide Rattus norvegicus 43-50 16814134-10 2006 Preincubation of aortic segments from SHR or WKY with ghrelin caused concentration-dependent (from 50 pg/mL to 5 ng/mL) decrease of basal superoxide production. Superoxides 138-148 ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide Rattus norvegicus 54-61 16910769-4 2006 Because of its mitochondrial location, superoxide dismutase (SOD2) is the principal defense against the toxicity of superoxide anions generated by the oxidative phosphorylation. Superoxides 116-133 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 61-65 16910769-6 2006 We became interested in the role SOD2 plays in the metabolism of superoxide anions during erythroid development, as anemia is the major phenotype in transplanted animals. Superoxides 65-82 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 33-37 16706650-3 2006 Of the several ECTO-NOX proteins now known, one is a novel cell surface form (arNOX) associated with lymphocytes, sera, saliva and perspiration of patients of age 50 or older and is capable of directly reducing ferric cytochrome c through the generation of superoxide. Superoxides 257-267 tripartite motif containing 33 Homo sapiens 15-19 16706650-4 2006 Because of their cell surface location, ECTO-NOX proteins capable of superoxide generation in response to aging would serve to propagate the aging cascade both to adjacent cells and to oxidize circulating lipoproteins. Superoxides 69-79 tripartite motif containing 33 Homo sapiens 40-44 16709900-6 2006 Superoxide and the oxylipid product 8-isoprostaglandin F(2) alpha-isoprostane (8-IsoP) were increased by OPN treatment, and anti-OPN antibody suppressed 8-IsoP production. Superoxides 0-10 secreted phosphoprotein 1 Mus musculus 105-108 16709900-6 2006 Superoxide and the oxylipid product 8-isoprostaglandin F(2) alpha-isoprostane (8-IsoP) were increased by OPN treatment, and anti-OPN antibody suppressed 8-IsoP production. Superoxides 0-10 secreted phosphoprotein 1 Mus musculus 129-132 16709900-8 2006 Superoxide, 8-IsoP, and NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) subunits were reduced in OPN(-/-) AMFs. Superoxides 0-10 secreted phosphoprotein 1 Mus musculus 72-75 16709900-14 2006 Thus, OPN provides a paracrine signal that augments vascular pro-MMP9 activity, mediated in part via superoxide generation and oxylipid formation. Superoxides 101-111 secreted phosphoprotein 1 Mus musculus 6-9 16709900-14 2006 Thus, OPN provides a paracrine signal that augments vascular pro-MMP9 activity, mediated in part via superoxide generation and oxylipid formation. Superoxides 101-111 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Mus musculus 61-69 16532036-4 2006 Here, we show that both a flavoprotein inhibitor, diphenylene iodonium (DPI), and small interfering RNAs designed to target Nox4 mRNA (siNox4RNAs) inhibited superoxide production in PANC-1 pancreatic cancer cells, and depletion of ROS by DPI or siNox4RNAs induced apoptosis. Superoxides 157-167 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 124-128 16712820-7 2006 Finally, co-oxidation of 6-OHDA by COX-2 triggered production of superoxide radicals critical for both propagation of 6-OHDA oxidation and induction of oxidative stress in COX-2 overexpressing cells. Superoxides 65-84 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 35-40 16712820-7 2006 Finally, co-oxidation of 6-OHDA by COX-2 triggered production of superoxide radicals critical for both propagation of 6-OHDA oxidation and induction of oxidative stress in COX-2 overexpressing cells. Superoxides 65-84 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 172-177 16680451-1 2006 Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) plays a protective role against the toxicity of superoxide, and studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in Drosophila have suggested an additional role for SOD1 in iron metabolism. Superoxides 12-22 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 34-38 16680451-1 2006 Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) plays a protective role against the toxicity of superoxide, and studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and in Drosophila have suggested an additional role for SOD1 in iron metabolism. Superoxides 12-22 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 196-200 16506247-3 2006 The antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anions into hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 94-111 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 23-53 16506247-3 2006 The antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anions into hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 94-111 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 55-59 16606846-0 2006 Evidence for C-H cleavage by an iron-superoxide complex in the glycol cleavage reaction catalyzed by myo-inositol oxygenase. Superoxides 37-47 myo-inositol oxygenase Homo sapiens 105-123 16606846-1 2006 myo-Inositol oxygenase (MIOX) activates O2 at a mixed-valent nonheme diiron(II/III) cluster to effect oxidation of its cyclohexan-(1,2,3,4,5,6-hexa)-ol substrate [myo-inositol (MI)] by four electrons to d-glucuronate. Superoxides 40-42 myo-inositol oxygenase Homo sapiens 4-22 16606846-1 2006 myo-Inositol oxygenase (MIOX) activates O2 at a mixed-valent nonheme diiron(II/III) cluster to effect oxidation of its cyclohexan-(1,2,3,4,5,6-hexa)-ol substrate [myo-inositol (MI)] by four electrons to d-glucuronate. Superoxides 40-42 myo-inositol oxygenase Homo sapiens 24-28 16606846-4 2006 The MIOX.1,2,3,4,5,6-[2H]6-MI complex reacts rapidly and reversibly with O2 to form an intermediate, G, with a g = (2.05, 1.98, 1.90) EPR signal. Superoxides 73-75 myo-inositol oxygenase Homo sapiens 4-8 16458347-1 2006 INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), an enzyme that catalyzes superoxide radical quenching, is hypothesized to protect against premature aging. Superoxides 38-48 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 60-65 16428241-7 2006 This important amount of Mn-SOD is a primary antioxidant defense system against superoxide radicals, but its product, H(2)O(2), is also deleterious for cells. Superoxides 80-90 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 25-31 16497987-10 2006 Rather, our findings indicated that superoxide (O2*-), in combination with NO, regulated SREBP activation by Ox-PAPC. Superoxides 36-46 CCHC-type zinc finger nucleic acid binding protein Homo sapiens 89-94 16497987-10 2006 Rather, our findings indicated that superoxide (O2*-), in combination with NO, regulated SREBP activation by Ox-PAPC. Superoxides 48-52 CCHC-type zinc finger nucleic acid binding protein Homo sapiens 89-94 16412983-5 2006 Exogenously added catalase also protected cells from Cu[DEDTC]2, suggesting that this complex may kill after the levels of superoxide anion [O2*-] dismutated by MnSOD increase hydrogen peroxide-related stress. Superoxides 123-139 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 161-166 16412983-5 2006 Exogenously added catalase also protected cells from Cu[DEDTC]2, suggesting that this complex may kill after the levels of superoxide anion [O2*-] dismutated by MnSOD increase hydrogen peroxide-related stress. Superoxides 141-143 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 161-166 16227321-8 2006 In endothelium-intact pulmonary arteries, the ETB receptor protein was reduced after 4 h of exposure to hypoxia, exogenous superoxide anions, or ET-1. Superoxides 123-140 endothelin receptor type B Rattus norvegicus 46-49 16227321-13 2006 A hypoxia-induced production of superoxide anions may increase ET-1 release from the endothelium and result in downregulation of ETB receptors on smooth muscle. Superoxides 32-49 endothelin receptor type B Rattus norvegicus 129-132 16284087-2 2006 One of the sources of superoxide anion is xanthine oxidase (XO), but its contribution to renal endothelial function in HC remains unclear. Superoxides 22-38 xanthine dehydrogenase Sus scrofa 42-58 16284087-2 2006 One of the sources of superoxide anion is xanthine oxidase (XO), but its contribution to renal endothelial function in HC remains unclear. Superoxides 22-38 xanthine dehydrogenase Sus scrofa 60-62 16510607-1 2006 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) converts the superoxide anion into H(2)O(2), which, unless it is detoxified by glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), can increase hepatic iron and can react with iron to form genotoxic compounds. Superoxides 52-68 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-30 16510607-1 2006 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) converts the superoxide anion into H(2)O(2), which, unless it is detoxified by glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), can increase hepatic iron and can react with iron to form genotoxic compounds. Superoxides 52-68 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 16505017-7 2006 The production of superoxide in cell-free preparations was assessed by measurement of NADPH-dependent superoxide dismutase (SOD)-inhibitable cytochrome c reduction and by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) with a superoxide specific spin trap. Superoxides 18-28 cytochrome c Oryctolagus cuniculus 141-153 16505017-7 2006 The production of superoxide in cell-free preparations was assessed by measurement of NADPH-dependent superoxide dismutase (SOD)-inhibitable cytochrome c reduction and by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) with a superoxide specific spin trap. Superoxides 102-112 cytochrome c Oryctolagus cuniculus 141-153 16162660-2 2006 We report that interferon (IFN)-gamma, a crucial transactivator of the gp91(phox) gene, also stimulates expression of Nox1 mRNA and protein in large intestinal epithelium (T84 cells), leading to fourfold upregulation of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) generation. Superoxides 220-236 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 118-122 16162660-2 2006 We report that interferon (IFN)-gamma, a crucial transactivator of the gp91(phox) gene, also stimulates expression of Nox1 mRNA and protein in large intestinal epithelium (T84 cells), leading to fourfold upregulation of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) generation. Superoxides 238-242 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 118-122 16446494-8 2006 Although PGE2 caused a small increase in CO production, xanthine oxidase plus hypoxanthine, which produces superoxide, strongly stimulated the production of CO by cerebral microvessels. Superoxides 107-117 xanthine dehydrogenase Sus scrofa 56-72 16380530-5 2006 Superoxide levels were measured by dihydroethidium fluorescent dye and the superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of cytochrome c. NADPH oxidase subunit expression (p22phox, p47phox, p67phox, and gp91phox) was evaluated with Western blot. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 200-208 16155939-7 2006 These results suggest that, (1) NO is released from PBN by hyperthermia, and subsequently reacts with O2- to form ONOO-, (2) NO and ONOO- are involved in the enhancement of apoptosis through Fas-mitochondria-caspase and [Ca2+]i-dependent pathways, and (3) a decrease in Hsp70 and phosphorylated HSF1 also contributed to the enhancement of apoptosis. Superoxides 102-104 heat shock transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 295-299 16173037-12 2006 Superoxide is a by-product of selenite metabolism and normal cells showed increased MnSOD expression and SOD activity compared to the cancer-derived cells. Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 84-89 16173037-12 2006 Superoxide is a by-product of selenite metabolism and normal cells showed increased MnSOD expression and SOD activity compared to the cancer-derived cells. Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 86-89 16173037-14 2006 CONCLUSIONS: Higher MnSOD expression in normal cells may play an important role in eliminating superoxide radicals produced as a result of selenite metabolism and contribute to the tumor-selective killing by selenite in prostate cancer. Superoxides 95-105 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 20-25 16386251-1 2006 To understand the role of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase NOX1 in the vascular system, we have generated NOX1-deficient mice. Superoxides 30-40 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 66-70 16386251-1 2006 To understand the role of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase NOX1 in the vascular system, we have generated NOX1-deficient mice. Superoxides 30-40 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 113-117 16471577-4 2006 Stronger acids result in protonation of the superoxide followed by reduction to produce HO2-. Superoxides 44-54 heme oxygenase 2 Homo sapiens 88-91 16471577-7 2006 The reaction occurring at the second peak is a concerted proton and electron transfer (CPET) in which the electron is transferred to superoxide and a proton is transferred from HA to the superoxide, forming HO2- and A- in a concerted process. Superoxides 133-143 heme oxygenase 2 Homo sapiens 207-210 16471577-7 2006 The reaction occurring at the second peak is a concerted proton and electron transfer (CPET) in which the electron is transferred to superoxide and a proton is transferred from HA to the superoxide, forming HO2- and A- in a concerted process. Superoxides 187-197 heme oxygenase 2 Homo sapiens 207-210 16272820-8 2006 A selective beta2-receptor antagonist, ICI-118551, reversed the inhibitory effect of beta2-agonists (PC, salbutamol, tulobuterol B) on N-formyl methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-induced O2- production. Superoxides 183-185 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2 Homo sapiens 12-17 16272820-8 2006 A selective beta2-receptor antagonist, ICI-118551, reversed the inhibitory effect of beta2-agonists (PC, salbutamol, tulobuterol B) on N-formyl methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-induced O2- production. Superoxides 183-185 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2 Homo sapiens 85-90 16354686-6 2006 Small interfering RNAs to either MyD88 or Rac1 inhibited IL-1beta induction of endosomal superoxide and NF-kappaB activation. Superoxides 89-99 MYD88 innate immune signal transduction adaptor Homo sapiens 33-38 16324151-0 2005 The superoxide-producing NAD(P)H oxidase Nox4 in the nucleus of human vascular endothelial cells. Superoxides 4-14 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 41-45 16324151-1 2005 The superoxide-producing NAD(P)H oxidase Nox4 was initially identified as an enzyme that is highly expressed in the kidney and is possibly involved in oxygen sensing and cellular senescence. Superoxides 4-14 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 41-45 16324151-5 2005 The nuclear fraction of HUVECs exhibits an NAD(P)H-dependent superoxide-producing activity in a manner dependent on Nox4, which activity can be enhanced upon cell stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. Superoxides 61-71 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 116-120 16324151-8 2005 Thus Nox4 appears to produce superoxide in the nucleus of HUVECs, thereby regulating gene expression via a mechanism for oxidative stress response. Superoxides 29-39 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 5-9 16216417-6 2005 In the absence of L-arginine, however, NOS 1 generation of O2.- and H2O2 was found to be substantially greater than that measured for NOS 2. Superoxides 59-61 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 39-44 16169521-1 2005 Copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) specifically catalyzes the removal of superoxide radicals to protect cellular function against the generation of superoxide-dependent hydroxyl radicals ((.)OH). Superoxides 12-22 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 34-41 16306704-3 2005 Activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase was completely suppressed by GF109203X, indicating that this enzyme is regulated by protein kinase C. On the other hand, cell death was abolished in NADPH oxidase-deficient neutrophils lacking superoxide production. Superoxides 244-254 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 14-17 16306704-5 2005 These results strongly suggest that activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase is regulated by endogenously generated superoxide or its metabolites other than HOCl, a critical regulator of inducer-stimulated death of neutrophils. Superoxides 126-136 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 50-53 16204621-3 2005 However, this production of O2- is dependent on translocation of the oxidase subunits, including gp91phox, p22phox, p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and Rac2 from the cytosol or specific granules to the plasma membrane. Superoxides 28-30 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 125-132 16366505-3 2005 In the adrenal cortex, the stress induced IL-18 precursor proteins (pro-IL-18) via ACTH and a superoxide-mediated caspase-1 activation pathway, resulting in conversion of pro-IL-18 to the mature form which was released into plasma. Superoxides 94-104 interleukin 18 Mus musculus 42-47 16366505-3 2005 In the adrenal cortex, the stress induced IL-18 precursor proteins (pro-IL-18) via ACTH and a superoxide-mediated caspase-1 activation pathway, resulting in conversion of pro-IL-18 to the mature form which was released into plasma. Superoxides 94-104 interleukin 18 Mus musculus 72-77 16366505-3 2005 In the adrenal cortex, the stress induced IL-18 precursor proteins (pro-IL-18) via ACTH and a superoxide-mediated caspase-1 activation pathway, resulting in conversion of pro-IL-18 to the mature form which was released into plasma. Superoxides 94-104 caspase 1 Mus musculus 114-123 16366505-3 2005 In the adrenal cortex, the stress induced IL-18 precursor proteins (pro-IL-18) via ACTH and a superoxide-mediated caspase-1 activation pathway, resulting in conversion of pro-IL-18 to the mature form which was released into plasma. Superoxides 94-104 interleukin 18 Mus musculus 72-77 16230485-5 2005 These mice have increased expression of Nox1 protein in the vasculature, which is accompanied by increased superoxide production. Superoxides 107-117 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 40-44 16246966-6 2005 Infusion of Ang II induced a significant increase in mean blood pressure, accompanied by augmented expression of Nox1 mRNA and superoxide production in the aorta of Nox1(+/Y), whereas the elevation in blood pressure and production of superoxide were significantly blunted in Nox1(-/Y). Superoxides 127-137 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 165-169 16246966-6 2005 Infusion of Ang II induced a significant increase in mean blood pressure, accompanied by augmented expression of Nox1 mRNA and superoxide production in the aorta of Nox1(+/Y), whereas the elevation in blood pressure and production of superoxide were significantly blunted in Nox1(-/Y). Superoxides 127-137 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 165-169 16198233-3 2005 During MPP+-induced oxidative stress, intracellular BH4 levels decreased, resulting in nNOS "uncoupling" (i.e., switching from nitric oxide to superoxide generation). Superoxides 143-153 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 87-91 16151022-5 2005 DPI or antisense p22phox or p47phox oligonucleotide treatment also attenuated the AT1 receptor-dependent increase in O2*- production in the ventrolateral medulla elicited by Ang II at the RVLM. Superoxides 117-121 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 82-85 16186418-4 2005 Furthermore, inhibition of CD40 expression by small interfering RNA blocked the effects of CD40L on O2*-, NO bioactivity, and PGIS nitration, which indicates a specific effect of CD40L. Superoxides 100-102 CD40 molecule Homo sapiens 27-31 16162867-9 2005 We propose that a single molecular mechanism can mediate the dual and opposite effect of estrogen on coronary arteries: by stimulating type 1 nNOS in coronary arteries, estrogen produces either vasodilation via NO or vasoconstriction via O(2)(-). Superoxides 238-242 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 142-146 16084485-2 2005 Activators include superoxide and reactive alkenals, suggesting new physiological functions for UCP2 and UCP3: their activation by superoxide when protonmotive force is high causes mild uncoupling, which lowers protonmotive force and attenuates superoxide generation by the electron transport chain. Superoxides 19-29 uncoupling protein 3 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 105-109 16084485-2 2005 Activators include superoxide and reactive alkenals, suggesting new physiological functions for UCP2 and UCP3: their activation by superoxide when protonmotive force is high causes mild uncoupling, which lowers protonmotive force and attenuates superoxide generation by the electron transport chain. Superoxides 131-141 uncoupling protein 3 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 105-109 16084485-2 2005 Activators include superoxide and reactive alkenals, suggesting new physiological functions for UCP2 and UCP3: their activation by superoxide when protonmotive force is high causes mild uncoupling, which lowers protonmotive force and attenuates superoxide generation by the electron transport chain. Superoxides 131-141 uncoupling protein 3 (mitochondrial, proton carrier) Mus musculus 105-109 15847608-7 2005 Whereas the early increase in superoxide release is probably the result of the already described Nef-dependent activation of PAK-2 (p21-activated kinase 2)-Rac2, we were interested in investigating the mechanisms underlying the late inhibition of superoxide release observed originally. Superoxides 30-40 p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 2 Homo sapiens 125-130 15769933-7 2005 N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant, and MnTBAP, an inhibitor of superoxide, reduce high NaCl-induced superoxide activity and suppress both high NaCl-induced increase in TonEBP/OREBP transcriptional activity and high NaCl-induced increase in expression of BGT1mRNA, a transcriptional target of TonEBP/OREBP. Superoxides 68-78 nuclear factor of activated T cells 5 Homo sapiens 173-179 15817612-11 2005 Compared with control cells, MnSOD-expressing DLD-1 POX cells generated a higher concentration of H2O2 owing to dismutation of superoxide radicals, which was elevated by POX. Superoxides 127-137 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 29-34 15817612-12 2005 Thus, these data further suggest that the generation of superoxide radicals plays a crucial role in POX-induced apoptosis and the process is partially blocked by MnSOD. Superoxides 56-75 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 162-167 15972506-12 2005 We identified proteins homologous to a number of proteins essential for superoxide production in human neutrophils and demonstrated that significant regions of the 67-kDa and 47-kDa insect proteins are identical to regions of the p67phox and p47phox proteins of neutrophils. Superoxides 72-82 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 230-237 15824103-3 2005 Here we show that ectopic expression of Nox3 in various types of cells leads to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-independent constitutive production of a substantial amount of superoxide under the conditions where gp91(phox) and Nox1 fail to generate superoxide, i.e. in the absence of the oxidase organizers and activators. Superoxides 175-185 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 228-232 15806113-0 2005 Artocarpol A stimulation of superoxide anion generation in neutrophils involved the activation of PLC, PKC and p38 mitogen-activated PK signaling pathways. Superoxides 28-44 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 111-114 15806113-12 2005 7 These results indicate that the ART stimulation of superoxide anion generation involved the activation of p38 MAPK, PLC/Ca2+, and PKC signaling pathways in rat neutrophils. Superoxides 53-69 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 108-111 15867370-5 2005 In the mitochondria, p53 interacts with the primary antioxidant enzyme, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), consistent with the reduction of its superoxide scavenging activity, and a subsequent decrease of mitochondrial membrane potential. Superoxides 82-92 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 104-109 15971422-2 2005 Nitrotyrosine is formed by nitration of tyrosine by reactive nitrogen species such as peroxynitrite, the formation of which may be enhanced by xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), since it can generate nitric oxide from nitrite/nitrate, and superoxide during xanthine metabolism. Superoxides 235-245 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 143-166 15971422-2 2005 Nitrotyrosine is formed by nitration of tyrosine by reactive nitrogen species such as peroxynitrite, the formation of which may be enhanced by xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), since it can generate nitric oxide from nitrite/nitrate, and superoxide during xanthine metabolism. Superoxides 235-245 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 168-171 15753230-10 2005 These results suggest that nNOS-derived NO facilitates sympathetic baroreflex transmission in the RVLM at least in part via a sGC-dependent, superoxide-independent mechanism. Superoxides 141-151 nitric oxide synthase, brain Oryctolagus cuniculus 27-31 15845888-13 2005 The phagocyte-type cytosolic components, p47phox and p67phox, significantly enhanced the NADH-induced superoxide production of the BAEC membranes, whereas the components failed to increase the NADPH-induced superoxide production. Superoxides 102-112 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Rattus norvegicus 41-48 15671037-3 2005 We previously showed that RelA-NF-kappaB functioned as a proapoptotic factor by activating the p53-signaling pathway in response to doxycycline-induced superoxide. Superoxides 152-162 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 26-30 15851618-8 2005 Finally, mice lacking a functional gp91phox subunit of NADPH oxidase demonstrated normal NO-dependent regulation of myocardial O2 consumption after methionine feeding. Superoxides 127-129 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 35-43 15797632-0 2005 Overexpression of a novel superoxide-producing enzyme, NADPH oxidase 1, in adenoma and well differentiated adenocarcinoma of the human colon. Superoxides 26-36 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 55-70 15797632-1 2005 A superoxide-producing enzyme, NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1), dominantly expressed in the colon, is implicated in the pathogenesis of colon cancer. Superoxides 2-12 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 31-46 15797632-1 2005 A superoxide-producing enzyme, NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1), dominantly expressed in the colon, is implicated in the pathogenesis of colon cancer. Superoxides 2-12 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 48-52 15797575-0 2005 Spectrophotometric and fluorometric assay of superoxide ion using 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole. Superoxides 45-55 OXA1L mitochondrial inner membrane protein Homo sapiens 90-95 15797575-2 2005 These methods allow quantification of superoxide ion concentration by monitoring its reaction with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-Cl), either by recording absorbance of the final reaction product at a wavelength of 470 nm or by measuring its fluorescence emission intensity at 550 nm using an excitation wavelength of 470 nm. Superoxides 38-48 OXA1L mitochondrial inner membrane protein Homo sapiens 123-128 15820617-3 2005 Gastric biopsies of hospitalized geriatric patients were analyzed for histology (Sidney classification), and real-time PCR was used to quantify mRNA expression of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidases NOX1, NOX2, and NOX5. Superoxides 167-177 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 204-208 15699459-7 2005 Furthermore, adenoviral-mediated expression of a dominant-negative isoform of Rac1 (AdN17Rac1), a critical component for NADPH oxidase activation and O2*- production, significantly inhibited the increase in [Ca2+]i after Ang II stimulation. Superoxides 150-152 Rac family small GTPase 1 Mus musculus 78-82 15699459-8 2005 These data provide the first evidence that O2*- is involved in the Ang II-stimulated influx of extracellular Ca2+ in neural cells and suggest a potential intracellular signaling mechanism involved in Ang II-mediated oxidant regulation of central neural control of blood pressure. Superoxides 43-46 angiogenin, ribonuclease, RNase A family, 5 Mus musculus 67-70 18958662-1 2005 Assessment of the Effects of Selective and Nonselective COX-2 Inhibitors on Complement Activation, Superoxide Anion Production and Leukocyte Chemotaxis and Migration Through Endothelial Cells. Superoxides 99-115 cytochrome c oxidase subunit II Canis lupus familiaris 56-61 15777779-9 2005 Aortic contents of key markers of oxidative stress (isoprostane F2alpha III, protein-bound carbonyls, nitrosylated protein) in connection with the protein expression of superoxide generating enzyme NAD(P)H oxidase (e.g. p47phox, pg91phox), a major source of reactive oxygen species in vascular tissue, were elevated as a function of diabetes. Superoxides 169-179 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Rattus norvegicus 220-227 15574418-2 2005 Under conditions of L-arginine or tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)) depletion, nNOS also generates superoxide, O(2)(. Superoxides 93-103 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 73-77 15574418-2 2005 Under conditions of L-arginine or tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)) depletion, nNOS also generates superoxide, O(2)(. Superoxides 105-109 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 73-77 15525793-7 2005 RLP-stimulated superoxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels were significantly lowered with decreased expression of VCAM-1 and MCP-1 by transfection with As-LOX-1 as did polyinosinic acid (10 microg/ml, a LOX-1 receptor inhibitor). Superoxides 15-25 oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 Homo sapiens 162-167 15458921-2 2005 RT-PCR and Northern hybridization demonstrated that H. pylori LPS stimulated expression of Nox1 and a novel p47(phox) homolog (Noxo1) mRNAs with a peak at 4 h, followed by upregulation of superoxide anion (O2-) generation. Superoxides 188-204 NADPH oxidase 1 Cavia porcellus 91-95 15458921-2 2005 RT-PCR and Northern hybridization demonstrated that H. pylori LPS stimulated expression of Nox1 and a novel p47(phox) homolog (Noxo1) mRNAs with a peak at 4 h, followed by upregulation of superoxide anion (O2-) generation. Superoxides 206-208 NADPH oxidase 1 Cavia porcellus 91-95 15665728-3 2005 Because superoxide dismutase converts the reactive superoxide radical to peroxide, we hypothesized that nebulization of manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) into the airway might attenuate pulmonary dysfunction secondary to smoke inhalation injury. Superoxides 51-69 superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial Gossypium hirsutum 152-158 15614286-2 2005 Rac 1 regulates a wide variety of cellular activities, including cell proliferation and migration, and also is a key regulator for the activity of the nicotinamide dinucleotide phosphate oxidase the enzyme complex responsible for the production of a large fraction of cellular superoxide. Superoxides 277-287 Rac family small GTPase 1 Mus musculus 0-5 15452132-8 2004 Abeta1-42 peptides induced the NADPH oxidase-mediated production of superoxide radicals in neurons that was involved in the activation of N-SMase, but not A-SMase, via hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 68-78 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 138-145 15452132-9 2004 Consistently, superoxide radicals generated by hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase also induced the activation of N-SMase, but not A-SMase, through a catalase-sensitive pathway. Superoxides 14-24 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 112-119 15486091-3 2004 Deficiency of NOS1 (but not endothelial NOS, NOS3) leads to profound increases in XOR-mediated O(2)(.-) production, which in turn depresses myocardial excitation-contraction coupling in a manner reversible by XOR inhibition with allopurinol. Superoxides 95-99 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 82-85 15486091-4 2004 These data demonstrate a unique interaction between a nitric oxide and an O(2)(.-) -generating enzyme that accounts for crosstalk between these signaling pathways; these findings demonstrate a direct antioxidant mechanism for NOS1 and have pathophysiologic implications for the growing number of disease states in which increased XOR activity plays a role. Superoxides 74-82 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 226-230 15486091-4 2004 These data demonstrate a unique interaction between a nitric oxide and an O(2)(.-) -generating enzyme that accounts for crosstalk between these signaling pathways; these findings demonstrate a direct antioxidant mechanism for NOS1 and have pathophysiologic implications for the growing number of disease states in which increased XOR activity plays a role. Superoxides 74-82 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 330-333 15489199-7 2004 In the RAS2(ala18,val19) mutant strain and its rho-zero derivative we observed for the first time a strong electron spin resonance (ESR) signal characteristic of the superoxide radical anion. Superoxides 166-190 Ras family GTPase RAS2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 7-11 15516670-3 2004 Superoxide dismutases (SOD)s are the only enzymes capable of consuming superoxide radicals. Superoxides 71-81 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 23-26 15389975-3 2004 Superoxide anion radicals were detected explosively in the extracellular space at 2-5 min after Reox following the Anox treatment of HUVE endotheliocytes, and were thereafter retained at levels as high as approximately one-half of the maximum level until 60 min after Reox, as shown by cytochrome c reduction assay. Superoxides 0-25 LOC104968582 Bos taurus 286-298 15389975-4 2004 Superoxide anions at 3 and 60 min after Reox were suppressed by pre-Anox administration with Asc2P, but not with Asc or dehydro-Asc, and were not suppressed by post-Anox administration with Asc2P; the cytoprotection may need the intracellular accumulation of the ROS-scavenging effector Asc that is converted from Asc2P until 3 min after Reox. Superoxides 0-17 steroid sulfatase Bos taurus 93-96 15838363-1 2004 We hypothesize that endothelin-A receptor stimulation contributes to the elevated blood pressure and superoxide production in endothelin-B receptor-deficient rats on a high salt diet. Superoxides 101-111 endothelin receptor type A Rattus norvegicus 20-41 15838363-1 2004 We hypothesize that endothelin-A receptor stimulation contributes to the elevated blood pressure and superoxide production in endothelin-B receptor-deficient rats on a high salt diet. Superoxides 101-111 endothelin receptor type B Rattus norvegicus 126-147 15838363-7 2004 Aortic superoxide production (lucigenin chemiluminescence) and plasma 8-isoprostane were elevated in sl/sl rats and were significantly reduced by endothelin-A receptor blockade in sl/sl, but not in wt rats. Superoxides 7-17 endothelin receptor type A Rattus norvegicus 146-167 15838363-8 2004 These findings suggest that endothelin-1, through the endothelin-A receptor, contributes to salt-induced hypertension and vascular superoxide production in endothelin-B-deficient rats. Superoxides 131-141 endothelin receptor type A Rattus norvegicus 54-75 15322091-1 2004 Nox1 and Nox4, homologues of the leukocyte NADPH oxidase subunit Nox2 (gp91phox) mediate superoxide anion formation in various cell types. Superoxides 89-105 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 15322091-1 2004 Nox1 and Nox4, homologues of the leukocyte NADPH oxidase subunit Nox2 (gp91phox) mediate superoxide anion formation in various cell types. Superoxides 89-105 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 9-13 15322091-12 2004 We provide evidence that p22phox directly interacts with Nox1 and Nox4, to form an superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase and demonstrate that mutation of the potential heme binding site in the Nox proteins disrupts the complex formation of Nox1 and Nox4 with p22phox. Superoxides 83-93 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 57-61 15322091-12 2004 We provide evidence that p22phox directly interacts with Nox1 and Nox4, to form an superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase and demonstrate that mutation of the potential heme binding site in the Nox proteins disrupts the complex formation of Nox1 and Nox4 with p22phox. Superoxides 83-93 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 66-70 15509740-10 2004 These studies suggest that gp120 may induce neuronal apoptosis in the CNS of HAD patients through the CXCR4-NADPH oxidase-superoxide-NSMase-ceramide pathway. Superoxides 122-132 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 2 Homo sapiens 133-139 15262829-10 2004 Furthermore, ex vivo gene transfer of dominant-negative HA-tagged N17Rac1, which inhibits NADPH oxidase subunit Rac1, significantly inhibited cutaneous O2- formation induced by high glucose in both normal and Ins2(Akita) diabetic mice. Superoxides 152-154 Rac family small GTPase 1 Mus musculus 69-73 15205258-1 2004 SOD2 is an antioxidant protein that protects cells against mitochondrial superoxide. Superoxides 73-83 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 15205258-6 2004 Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis of cells labeled with oxidation-sensitive dyes demonstrates enhanced production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide by SOD2-deficient cells. Superoxides 135-145 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 171-175 15373923-9 2004 The stimulation of superoxide release by IgG1- and IgG3-ANCA subclass fractions is consistent with the proposed mechanism of co-ligation of PR3 antigen and FcgammaRIIa/IIIb receptors. Superoxides 19-29 proteinase 3 Homo sapiens 140-143 15554245-7 2004 From the results reviewed here, two schemes for the involvement of MnSOD and catalase in the regulation of apoptosis can be extracted: 1) Both MnSOD and catalase inhibit apoptosis by removing superoxide anion radicals or H2O2, respectively, because these reactive oxygen species are mediators required for the apoptotic program or inhibit a survival pathway. Superoxides 192-217 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 67-72 15554245-7 2004 From the results reviewed here, two schemes for the involvement of MnSOD and catalase in the regulation of apoptosis can be extracted: 1) Both MnSOD and catalase inhibit apoptosis by removing superoxide anion radicals or H2O2, respectively, because these reactive oxygen species are mediators required for the apoptotic program or inhibit a survival pathway. Superoxides 192-217 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 143-148 15512801-6 2004 Since MnSOD removes superoxide, these results suggest that superoxide free radical or its reaction products are responsible for part of the cytotoxicity associated with hyperthermia and that MnSOD can reduce cellular injury and thereby enhance heat tolerance. Superoxides 20-30 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 6-11 15512801-6 2004 Since MnSOD removes superoxide, these results suggest that superoxide free radical or its reaction products are responsible for part of the cytotoxicity associated with hyperthermia and that MnSOD can reduce cellular injury and thereby enhance heat tolerance. Superoxides 59-69 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 6-11 15581278-3 2004 NMDA dilation was impaired following fluid percussion brain injury (FPI) in an age dependent manner in the pig and the newly described opioid nociceptin/orphanin FQ (NOC/ oFQ) contributes to such impairment via the cyclooxygenase dependent generation of superoxide. Superoxides 254-264 prepronociceptin Sus scrofa 142-152 15581278-3 2004 NMDA dilation was impaired following fluid percussion brain injury (FPI) in an age dependent manner in the pig and the newly described opioid nociceptin/orphanin FQ (NOC/ oFQ) contributes to such impairment via the cyclooxygenase dependent generation of superoxide. Superoxides 254-264 prepronociceptin Sus scrofa 153-164 15304252-3 2004 Superoxide and the lipid peroxidation products it engenders, including hydroxyalkenals such as hydroxynonenal, are potent activators of proton conductance by mitochondrial uncoupling proteins such as UCP2 and UCP3, although the mechanism of activation has yet to be established. Superoxides 0-10 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 200-204 15271858-1 2004 We have shown that intracellular superoxide (O(2)(*-)) production in CNS neurons plays a key role in the pressor, bradycardic, and dipsogenic actions of Ang II in the brain. Superoxides 33-43 angiogenin, ribonuclease, RNase A family, 5 Mus musculus 153-156 15271858-1 2004 We have shown that intracellular superoxide (O(2)(*-)) production in CNS neurons plays a key role in the pressor, bradycardic, and dipsogenic actions of Ang II in the brain. Superoxides 45-49 angiogenin, ribonuclease, RNase A family, 5 Mus musculus 153-156 15271858-2 2004 In this study, we tested the hypothesis that a Rac1-dependent NADPH oxidase is a key source of O(2)(*-) in Ang II-sensitive neurons and is involved in these central Ang II-dependent effects. Superoxides 95-99 Rac family small GTPase 1 Mus musculus 47-51 15271858-10 2004 These results, for the first time, identify a Rac1-dependent NADPH oxidase as the source of central Ang II-induced O(2)(*-) production, and implicate this oxidase in cardiovascular diseases associated with dysregulation of brain Ang II signaling, including hypertension. Superoxides 115-123 Rac family small GTPase 1 Mus musculus 46-50 15271858-10 2004 These results, for the first time, identify a Rac1-dependent NADPH oxidase as the source of central Ang II-induced O(2)(*-) production, and implicate this oxidase in cardiovascular diseases associated with dysregulation of brain Ang II signaling, including hypertension. Superoxides 115-123 angiogenin, ribonuclease, RNase A family, 5 Mus musculus 100-103 15313882-0 2004 Role of PDE4 in superoxide anion generation through p44/42MAPK regulation: a cAMP and a PKA-independent mechanism. Superoxides 16-32 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 52-55 15313882-5 2004 We also observed that the inhibition of p44/42(MAPK) by PD98059 (1-10 microm) increased O(2)(*-) release by BAL cells enriched in neutrophils, but not by macrophages, and prevented the inhibition of O(2)(*-) production induced by PDE4 inhibitors. Superoxides 88-92 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 40-43 15313882-5 2004 We also observed that the inhibition of p44/42(MAPK) by PD98059 (1-10 microm) increased O(2)(*-) release by BAL cells enriched in neutrophils, but not by macrophages, and prevented the inhibition of O(2)(*-) production induced by PDE4 inhibitors. Superoxides 199-203 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 40-43 15016652-6 2004 Meanwhile KO mice exposed to hypoxia showed increases in renal mRNA for superoxide-producing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX4) and early significant increases in glutathione disulfide (GSSG)/glutathione (GSH), a marker of oxidative stress, compared with Wt mice. Superoxides 72-82 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 154-158 15194473-0 2004 Vascular endothelial dysfunction and superoxide anion production in heart failure are p38 MAP kinase-dependent. Superoxides 37-53 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 86-89 15194473-7 2004 Inhibition of p38 MAP kinase by treatment with the p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB239063 (800 ppm in standard rat chow) reduced MAPKAPK-2 phosphorylation, preserved acetylcholine-induced relaxation (Rmax: 80+/-4%, p<0.01), and reduced vascular superoxide formation. Superoxides 243-253 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 14-17 15194473-7 2004 Inhibition of p38 MAP kinase by treatment with the p38 MAP kinase inhibitor SB239063 (800 ppm in standard rat chow) reduced MAPKAPK-2 phosphorylation, preserved acetylcholine-induced relaxation (Rmax: 80+/-4%, p<0.01), and reduced vascular superoxide formation. Superoxides 243-253 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 14-28 15194473-11 2004 Chronic p38 MAP kinase inhibition with SB239063 prevented endothelial vasomotor dysfunction through reduction of superoxide anion production. Superoxides 113-129 mitogen activated protein kinase 14 Rattus norvegicus 8-11 15532723-1 2004 We previously reported that an actin-binding protein, cofilin, is involved in superoxide production, phagocytosis, and chemotaxis in activated phagocytes through cytoskeletal reorganization. Superoxides 78-88 cofilin 1 Homo sapiens 54-61 15130279-2 2004 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial enzyme, which scavenges superoxide generated from the electron-transport chain in mitochondria. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 15130778-14 2004 The results also suggest that caution needs to be taken when interpreting the reported results on activation of MMPs where X/XO had been used as an "authentic" source of superoxide anion. Superoxides 170-186 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Rattus norvegicus 112-116 15001455-2 2004 Among various mechanisms implicated in the impaired EDR in atherosclerosis, superoxide generated from dysfunctional eNOS has attracted attention. Superoxides 76-86 erythroid differentiation regulator 1 Mus musculus 52-55 15153505-6 2004 SP-A significantly reduced Mphi superoxide production in response to the phorbol ester PMA and to serum-opsonized zymosan (OpZy), independent of any effect by SP-A on zymosan phagocytosis. Superoxides 32-42 surfactant protein A1 Homo sapiens 0-4 15167450-11 2004 CONCLUSION: Patients with hypertension showed an enhanced formation of O2 in platelets that was not dependent on blood pressure but could be mediated by AT1 receptors via NADPH oxidase activation. Superoxides 71-73 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 153-156 15370890-0 2004 Matrix metalloproteinase-2-mediated inhibition of Na+-dependent Ca+ uptake by superoxide radicals (O2*-) in microsomes of pulmonary smooth muscle. Superoxides 78-88 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Bos taurus 0-26 15370890-0 2004 Matrix metalloproteinase-2-mediated inhibition of Na+-dependent Ca+ uptake by superoxide radicals (O2*-) in microsomes of pulmonary smooth muscle. Superoxides 99-102 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Bos taurus 0-26 15370890-1 2004 Treatment of microsomes (preferably enriched with endoplasmic reticulum) isolated from bovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle tissue with the O2*- -generating system (hypoxanthine (HPX) plus xanthine oxidase (XO)), markedly stimulated matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity and also enhanced Ca2+ ATPase activity and ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake. Superoxides 141-144 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Bos taurus 234-260 15370890-1 2004 Treatment of microsomes (preferably enriched with endoplasmic reticulum) isolated from bovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle tissue with the O2*- -generating system (hypoxanthine (HPX) plus xanthine oxidase (XO)), markedly stimulated matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity and also enhanced Ca2+ ATPase activity and ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake. Superoxides 141-144 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Bos taurus 262-267 15370890-1 2004 Treatment of microsomes (preferably enriched with endoplasmic reticulum) isolated from bovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle tissue with the O2*- -generating system (hypoxanthine (HPX) plus xanthine oxidase (XO)), markedly stimulated matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity and also enhanced Ca2+ ATPase activity and ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake. Superoxides 141-144 carbonic anhydrase 2 Bos taurus 296-307 15370890-6 2004 O2*- -induced changes in MMP-2 activity, ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake and Na+-dependent Ca2+ uptake, were not reversed upon pretreatment of the microsomes with a low dose (5 microg ml(-1)) of TIMP-2 which, on the contrary, reversed MMP-2 (1 microg ml(-1))-mediated alteration on these parameters. Superoxides 0-3 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Bos taurus 25-30 15370890-6 2004 O2*- -induced changes in MMP-2 activity, ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake and Na+-dependent Ca2+ uptake, were not reversed upon pretreatment of the microsomes with a low dose (5 microg ml(-1)) of TIMP-2 which, on the contrary, reversed MMP-2 (1 microg ml(-1))-mediated alteration on these parameters. Superoxides 0-3 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Bos taurus 229-234 15370890-8 2004 Treatment of TIMP-2 (5 microg ml(-1)) with the O2*- -generating system abolished the inhibitory effect of TIMP-2 (5 microg ml(-1)) on MMP-2 (1 microg ml(-1)) (measured by (14)C-gelatin degradation). Superoxides 47-49 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Bos taurus 134-139 15370890-9 2004 Overall, the present study suggests that O2*- inactivated TIMP-2, the ambient inhibitor of MMP-2, leading to activation of the ambient proteinase, MMP-2, which subsequently stimulated Ca2+ ATPase activity and ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake, but inhibited Na+-dependent Ca2+ uptake, resulting in a marked decrease in Ca2+ uptake in the smooth muscle microsomes. Superoxides 41-44 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Bos taurus 91-96 15370890-9 2004 Overall, the present study suggests that O2*- inactivated TIMP-2, the ambient inhibitor of MMP-2, leading to activation of the ambient proteinase, MMP-2, which subsequently stimulated Ca2+ ATPase activity and ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake, but inhibited Na+-dependent Ca2+ uptake, resulting in a marked decrease in Ca2+ uptake in the smooth muscle microsomes. Superoxides 41-44 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Bos taurus 147-152 15370890-9 2004 Overall, the present study suggests that O2*- inactivated TIMP-2, the ambient inhibitor of MMP-2, leading to activation of the ambient proteinase, MMP-2, which subsequently stimulated Ca2+ ATPase activity and ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake, but inhibited Na+-dependent Ca2+ uptake, resulting in a marked decrease in Ca2+ uptake in the smooth muscle microsomes. Superoxides 41-44 carbonic anhydrase 2 Bos taurus 184-195 15064408-4 2004 Activity assays with pure proteins and cell extracts reveal that O(2) (or superoxide) is required for activation of SOD1 by CCS. Superoxides 74-84 copper chaperone for superoxide dismutase Homo sapiens 124-127 15018733-1 2004 Pancreatic cancer has low levels of antioxidant enzymes including manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), which converts superoxide radical (O(2)(*-)) into hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), which converts H(2)O(2) into water. Superoxides 121-139 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 66-96 15018733-1 2004 Pancreatic cancer has low levels of antioxidant enzymes including manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), which converts superoxide radical (O(2)(*-)) into hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), which converts H(2)O(2) into water. Superoxides 121-139 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 98-103 15018733-1 2004 Pancreatic cancer has low levels of antioxidant enzymes including manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), which converts superoxide radical (O(2)(*-)) into hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), which converts H(2)O(2) into water. Superoxides 141-145 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 66-96 15018733-1 2004 Pancreatic cancer has low levels of antioxidant enzymes including manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), which converts superoxide radical (O(2)(*-)) into hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx), which converts H(2)O(2) into water. Superoxides 141-145 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 98-103 15233295-5 2004 The oxidative activation was evident from release of significantly high levels of superoxide and nitric oxide radicals liberated by macrophages of animals treated with histone H1 (P < 0.001) than in untreated animals. Superoxides 82-92 H1.0 linker histone Mus musculus 168-178 15233295-6 2004 In addition, the higher activities of superoxide dismutase indicated protective effect of histone H1, to keep away the macrophages from noxious effects of superoxide. Superoxides 38-48 H1.0 linker histone Mus musculus 90-100 14765128-1 2004 The superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase consists of a membrane-bound flavocytochrome b558 complex, and cytosolic factors p47phox, p67phox and the small GTPase Rac, which translocate to the membrane to assemble the active complex following cell activation. Superoxides 4-14 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 139-146 14758023-0 2004 Superoxide generation by Nox1 in guinea pig gastric mucosal cells involves a component with p67(phox)-ability. Superoxides 0-10 NADPH oxidase 1 Cavia porcellus 25-29 14758023-1 2004 Nox1, a homologue of gp91(phox) subunit of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase, is responsible for spontaneous superoxide (O(2)(-)) generation in guinea pig gastric mucosal cells (GMC), but involvement of regulatory components (p67(phox), p47(phox), and Rac) which are essential in phagocytes remains unknown. Superoxides 103-113 NADPH oxidase 1 Cavia porcellus 0-4 14718263-4 2004 U46619, PGF2alpha and 8-isoprostane F2alpha promoted the formation of O2*- in PA segments, PAVSMCs and PAECs, an effect inhibited by diphenyleneiodonium and apocynin (both NADPH oxidase inhibitors) and upregulated the expression of gp91phox in PAECs and PAVSMCs. Superoxides 70-73 cytochrome b-245 heavy chain Sus scrofa 232-240 15051313-4 2004 A network of intramitochondrial antioxidants consisting of the enzymes Mn-superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase and of the reductants NADH(2), ubiquinol and reduced glutathione, is operative in minimizing the potentially harmful effects of O(2)(-), NO, H(2)O(2) and ONOO(-). Superoxides 250-254 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 71-94 14718399-8 2004 Downregulation of Nox4 by an antisense oligonucleotide reduced superoxide production in endothelial cells in vivo and in vitro. Superoxides 63-73 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 18-22 14728722-2 2004 Under physiologic conditions, the enzyme exists mainly as xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) but can be converted by proteolytic cleavage to its superoxide-generating form xanthine oxidase (XOD). Superoxides 139-149 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 58-80 14728722-2 2004 Under physiologic conditions, the enzyme exists mainly as xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) but can be converted by proteolytic cleavage to its superoxide-generating form xanthine oxidase (XOD). Superoxides 139-149 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 82-85 14631377-0 2004 Specific modulation of calmodulin activity induces a dramatic production of superoxide by alveolar macrophages. Superoxides 76-86 calmodulin-2 Cavia porcellus 23-33 16328846-0 2004 Superoxide, Hydrogen Peroxide and Hydroxyl Radical in D1/D2/cytochrome b-559 Photosystem II Reaction Center Complex. Superoxides 0-10 leiomodin 1 Homo sapiens 54-59 16328846-1 2004 Spin-trapping electron spin resonance (ESR) was used to monitor the formation of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals in D1/D2/cytochrome b-559 Photosystem II reaction center (PS II RC) Complex. Superoxides 81-91 leiomodin 1 Homo sapiens 117-122 15588129-8 2004 Reaction of FAL with diaphorase was lowered with SOD by 38 % indicating the partial participation of superoxide anion probably generated by the reaction of diaphorase with NADH or NADPH. Superoxides 101-117 dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 21-31 15588129-8 2004 Reaction of FAL with diaphorase was lowered with SOD by 38 % indicating the partial participation of superoxide anion probably generated by the reaction of diaphorase with NADH or NADPH. Superoxides 101-117 dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 156-166 14700542-4 2004 In the classical assays, bactericidal effect on opsonized, live bacteria was quantified by the conversion of an indicator substance, superoxide anion production was assayed by the reduction of cytochrome c, whereas myeloperoxidase activity was determined with a radioactive iodination assay. Superoxides 133-149 LOC104968582 Bos taurus 193-205 14753753-2 2003 In the present study, we examined the significance of superoxide produced by macrophages by comparing the toxicity of acetaminophen in wild-type mice to mice deficient in gp91phox, a critical subunit of NADPH oxidase that is the primary source of phagocytic superoxide. Superoxides 258-268 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 171-179 14592463-1 2003 We have measured the rates of superoxide anion generation by cytochrome bc(1) complexes isolated from bovine heart and yeast mitochondria and by cytochrome bc(1) complexes from yeast mutants in which the midpoint potentials of the cytochrome b hemes and the Rieske iron-sulfur cluster were altered by mutations in those proteins. Superoxides 30-46 cytochrome b Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 61-73 14592463-5 2003 Changes in the midpoint potentials of the cytochrome b hemes had no significant effect on the rate of cytochrome c reduction and only a small effect on the rate of superoxide anion formation. Superoxides 164-180 cytochrome b Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 42-54 14510783-12 2003 We suggest that Ang II facilitates autoregulation by a tubuloglomerular feedback-dependent mechanism through AT1 receptor-mediated depletion of nitric oxide, probably by stimulating generation of superoxide. Superoxides 196-206 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 109-112 12913063-0 2003 ETA receptor blockade decreases vascular superoxide generation in DOCA-salt hypertension. Superoxides 41-51 endothelin receptor type A Rattus norvegicus 0-3 12913063-5 2003 In DOCA-salt rats, the ETA antagonist BMS 182874 (40 mg/kg per day PO) lowered SBP (170+/-4 versus UniNx, 120+/-3 mm Hg) and normalized superoxide production (21.7+/-6 versus UniNx, 11.9+/-7%). Superoxides 136-146 endothelin receptor type A Rattus norvegicus 23-26 12913063-13 2003 These in vivo findings indicate that increased vascular superoxide production is associated with activation of the endothelin system through ETA receptors in DOCA-salt hypertension, in apparently blood pressure-independent fashion. Superoxides 56-66 endothelin receptor type A Rattus norvegicus 141-144 12957658-4 2003 The addition of 3-morpholinosydnominine (SIN-1, 1 mM), which generates both superoxide and nitric oxide anions, to amiloride-treated monolayers resulted in a transient increase of ISC to a peak value of 35 +/- 1.3 microA/cm2 (X +/- SE, n=14) within the next 30-60 min. Superoxides 76-86 mitogen-activated protein kinase associated protein 1 Mus musculus 41-52 12925450-1 2003 BACKGROUND: We recently reported that arterial superoxide (O2-) is augmented by increased endothelin-1 (ET-1) in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension, a model of low renin hypertension. Superoxides 47-57 renin Rattus norvegicus 182-187 12925450-1 2003 BACKGROUND: We recently reported that arterial superoxide (O2-) is augmented by increased endothelin-1 (ET-1) in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertension, a model of low renin hypertension. Superoxides 59-61 renin Rattus norvegicus 182-187 12925450-6 2003 Treatment of arteries of DOCA-salt rats with the selective ETA receptor antagonist ABT-627, NADPH oxidase inhibitor apocynin, or superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic tempol abolished O2- and restored BH4 levels. Superoxides 181-183 endothelin receptor type A Rattus norvegicus 59-62 12925450-9 2003 CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that a BH4 deficiency resulting from ET-1-induced O2- via an ETA/NADPH oxidase pathway leads to endothelial dysfunction, and gene transfer of GTPCH I reverses the BH4 deficiency and endothelial dysfunction by reducing O2- in low renin mineralocorticoid hypertension. Superoxides 86-88 endothelin receptor type A Rattus norvegicus 97-100 12925450-9 2003 CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that a BH4 deficiency resulting from ET-1-induced O2- via an ETA/NADPH oxidase pathway leads to endothelial dysfunction, and gene transfer of GTPCH I reverses the BH4 deficiency and endothelial dysfunction by reducing O2- in low renin mineralocorticoid hypertension. Superoxides 254-256 endothelin receptor type A Rattus norvegicus 97-100 12943965-5 2003 At higher concentrations, carotenoid cleavage products inhibited superoxide production in the presence of both PMA and f-MLP. Superoxides 65-75 cysteine and glycine rich protein 3 Homo sapiens 121-124 12862482-1 2003 Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), which protects the cell from the toxic potential of superoxide radicals (O(2)(-*)), is the only type of SOD which resides in eukaryotic mitochondria. Superoxides 3-13 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 25-31 12862482-1 2003 Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), which protects the cell from the toxic potential of superoxide radicals (O(2)(-*)), is the only type of SOD which resides in eukaryotic mitochondria. Superoxides 3-13 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 28-31 12862482-18 2003 Similar coordination and stabilization of the (*)OOH radical by the Mn center may be key steps in the enzymatic dismutation of superoxide radicals by Mn-SOD. Superoxides 127-137 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 150-156 12716910-0 2003 Novel human homologues of p47phox and p67phox participate in activation of superoxide-producing NADPH oxidases. Superoxides 75-85 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 38-45 12817011-0 2003 NAD(P)H oxidase 1, a product of differentiated colon epithelial cells, can partially replace glycoprotein 91phox in the regulated production of superoxide by phagocytes. Superoxides 144-154 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 0-17 12817011-6 2003 Transduction with retrovirus encoding Nox1 restored activation and differentiation-dependent superoxide production in gp91(phox)-deficient PLB-985 cells, indicating close functional similarities to the phagocyte oxidase (phox). Superoxides 93-103 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 38-42 12817011-8 2003 Finally, Nox1 partially restores superoxide production in neutrophils differentiating ex vivo from gp91(phox)-deficient CD34(+) peripheral blood-derived stem cells derived from patients with X-linked chronic granulomatous disease. Superoxides 33-43 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 9-13 12817011-9 2003 These studies demonstrate a significant functional homology (cofactor-dependent and activation-regulated superoxide production) between Nox1 and its closest homologue, gp91(phox), suggesting that targeted up-regulation of Nox1 expression in phagocytic cells could provide a novel approach in the molecular treatment of chronic granulomatous disease. Superoxides 105-115 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 136-140 12817011-9 2003 These studies demonstrate a significant functional homology (cofactor-dependent and activation-regulated superoxide production) between Nox1 and its closest homologue, gp91(phox), suggesting that targeted up-regulation of Nox1 expression in phagocytic cells could provide a novel approach in the molecular treatment of chronic granulomatous disease. Superoxides 105-115 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 222-226 12832676-5 2003 RESULTS: LPS, IL-1alpha, and TNF-alpha promoted the formation of O(2)(*-) from PA compared with untreated controls in a time and dose dependent manner, an effect markedly enhanced by removal of the endothelium but completely inhibited by the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenylene iodonium chloride (DPI). Superoxides 65-69 tumor necrosis factor Sus scrofa 29-38 12813003-5 2003 4 Superoxide anions, but not Ca(2+), decreased citrate synthase and dehydrogenase enzymatic activities and dropped total mitochondrial NAD(P)H levels. Superoxides 2-19 citrate synthase Rattus norvegicus 47-63 12771544-9 2003 CONCLUSIONS: PKCalpha, beta and delta are not involved in PAF-induced CD11b expression, but PKCdelta is involved in the PAF-induced activation of superoxide anion generation. Superoxides 146-162 protein kinase C delta Homo sapiens 92-100 12892378-4 2003 Treatment of the MgD rats with the specific SP-receptor (SPR) blocker, L-703,606 (1 mg/kg/day as s.c. implanted sustained-release pellets) attenuated the superoxide anion producing activity by 75% (p < 0.025). Superoxides 154-170 sepiapterin reductase Rattus norvegicus 44-55 12892378-4 2003 Treatment of the MgD rats with the specific SP-receptor (SPR) blocker, L-703,606 (1 mg/kg/day as s.c. implanted sustained-release pellets) attenuated the superoxide anion producing activity by 75% (p < 0.025). Superoxides 154-170 sepiapterin reductase Rattus norvegicus 57-60 12690222-14 2003 CONCLUSIONS: Adenoviral-mediated overexpression of iNOS results in increased production of O2*(-) in carotid arteries from cholesterol- but not chow-fed animals. Superoxides 91-93 nitric oxide synthase, inducible Oryctolagus cuniculus 51-55 12686129-3 2003 Both in GO and CAO, formation of a superoxide ion that leads to the creation of a radical pair is experimentally suggested to be the rate-limiting step in the dioxygen reduction process. Superoxides 35-45 amine oxidase copper containing 3 Homo sapiens 15-18 12667183-4 2003 SP caused equine eosinophils to adhere, migrate and produce superoxide, although high concentrations were required to produce these effects [10 +/- 2% adherence, 45 +/- 20 cells/0.3 mm2 and 48 +/- 7 nmol (of reduced cytochrome C)/106 cells, respectively, at 3 x 10-4 m]. Superoxides 60-70 tachykinin precursor 1 Equus caballus 0-2 12667183-6 2003 Eosinophils from hypersensitive ponies produced more superoxide in response to SP, but not phorbol myristate acetate or histamine, over the concentration range tested when compared with cells from normal ponies. Superoxides 53-63 tachykinin precursor 1 Equus caballus 79-81 12637636-14 2003 Urine from FSGS patients effectively neutralized superoxide, whereas normal urine did not. Superoxides 49-59 actinin alpha 4 Homo sapiens 11-15 12650928-3 2003 Pretreatment with MnCl(2), a superoxide scavenger, improves the survival of the sod1 strain upon hyperosmosis. Superoxides 29-39 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 80-84 12627943-1 2003 Catalysis of the disproportionation of superoxide by human manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is characterized by an initial burst of catalysis followed by a much slower region that is zero order in superoxide and due to a product inhibition by peroxide anion. Superoxides 39-49 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 59-89 12627943-1 2003 Catalysis of the disproportionation of superoxide by human manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is characterized by an initial burst of catalysis followed by a much slower region that is zero order in superoxide and due to a product inhibition by peroxide anion. Superoxides 39-49 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 91-96 12627943-1 2003 Catalysis of the disproportionation of superoxide by human manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is characterized by an initial burst of catalysis followed by a much slower region that is zero order in superoxide and due to a product inhibition by peroxide anion. Superoxides 69-79 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 91-96 12627943-3 2003 Using pulse radiolysis to generate superoxide, we have determined that kcat/K(m) was decreased and product inhibition increased for H30V MnSOD, both by 1-2 orders of magnitude, compared with wild type, H30N, and H30Q MnSOD. Superoxides 35-45 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 137-142 12642365-4 2003 Northern blotting and immunoblotting experiments confirmed this finding and established that SNAP negatively controls MLP mRNA (-49%, P<0.01) and protein (-52%, P<0.01) abundance in ET-1-treated cardiomyocytes via cGMP-dependent protein kinase and superoxide/peroxynitrite-dependent signaling pathways. Superoxides 254-264 cysteine and glycine rich protein 3 Homo sapiens 118-121 12473664-0 2003 Two novel proteins activate superoxide generation by the NADPH oxidase NOX1. Superoxides 28-38 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 71-75 12473664-2 2003 However, superoxide generation by NOX1 has been difficult to demonstrate. Superoxides 9-19 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 34-38 12473664-3 2003 Here we show that NOX1 generates superoxide when co-expressed with the p47(phox) and p67(phox) subunits of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase but not when expressed by itself. Superoxides 33-43 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 18-22 12473664-7 2003 Co-expression of NOX1 with the two novel proteins led to stimulus-independent high level superoxide generation. Superoxides 89-99 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 17-21 12473664-9 2003 In conclusion, NOX1 is a superoxide-generating enzyme that is activated by two novel proteins, which we propose to name NOXO1 (NOX organizer 1) and NOXA1 (NOX activator 1). Superoxides 25-35 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 15-19 14695918-0 2003 Specificity of coenzyme Q inhibition of an aging-related cell surface NADH oxidase (ECTO-NOX) that generates superoxide. Superoxides 109-119 tripartite motif containing 33 Homo sapiens 84-88 12586694-5 2003 The overexpression of Sods--mitochondrial Sod2 and cytosolic CuZnSod (Sod1)--delays the age-dependent reversible inactivation of mitochondrial aconitase, a superoxide-sensitive enzyme, and extends survival by 30%. Superoxides 156-166 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 70-74 12691521-8 2003 Preliminary experiments investigating the effects of superoxide radicals on PrP expression in cultured neuroblastoma and astrocyte cells support the suggestion that PrP(C) forms part of a cellular antioxidant defense mechanism. Superoxides 53-63 prion protein Mus musculus 76-79 12691521-8 2003 Preliminary experiments investigating the effects of superoxide radicals on PrP expression in cultured neuroblastoma and astrocyte cells support the suggestion that PrP(C) forms part of a cellular antioxidant defense mechanism. Superoxides 53-63 prion protein Mus musculus 165-168 12496409-4 2003 We show that Arg1 increases superoxide production in myeloid cells through a pathway that likely utilizes the reductase domain of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and that superoxide is required for Arg1-dependent suppression of T cell function. Superoxides 28-38 arginase, liver Mus musculus 13-17 12496409-4 2003 We show that Arg1 increases superoxide production in myeloid cells through a pathway that likely utilizes the reductase domain of inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and that superoxide is required for Arg1-dependent suppression of T cell function. Superoxides 169-179 arginase, liver Mus musculus 196-200 12472772-11 2003 PR3-ANCA resulted in 19.4 +/- 2.0 nmol O2- nmol. Superoxides 39-41 proteinase 3 Homo sapiens 0-3 12469142-1 2003 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is an important superoxide anion scavenger located in mitochondria and protects cells from the damage caused by reactive oxygen species. Superoxides 55-71 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-30 12469142-1 2003 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is an important superoxide anion scavenger located in mitochondria and protects cells from the damage caused by reactive oxygen species. Superoxides 55-71 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 12388312-9 2002 production were elevated in iNOS-transduced rings (P < 0.05, n = 7 for cGMP; P < 0.01, n = 6-9 for O(2)(-). Superoxides 105-109 nitric oxide synthase 2 Canis lupus familiaris 28-32 12426235-3 2002 We tested whether overexpression of MnSOD could decrease superoxide levels and protect the bladder from radiation damage. Superoxides 57-67 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 36-41 12370493-0 2002 Intracellular superoxide induces apoptosis in VSMCs: role of mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome C and caspases. Superoxides 14-24 caspase 8 Homo sapiens 112-120 12429571-0 2002 Superoxide anions mediate veratridine-induced cytochrome c release and caspase activity in bovine chromaffin cells. Superoxides 0-17 LOC104968582 Bos taurus 46-58 12429571-4 2002 Exposure to veratridine (30 micro M, 1 h) produces cytochrome c release to the cytoplasm that seems to be mediated by superoxide anions and that is blocked by cyclosporin A (10 micro M), MnTBAP (10 nM), catalase (100 IU ml(-1)) and vitamin E (50 micro M). Superoxides 118-135 LOC104968582 Bos taurus 51-63 12429571-17 2002 In conclusion, superoxide anions seem to mediate veratridine-induced cytochrome c release, decrease in total glutathione, caspase activation and cell death in bovine chromaffin cells. Superoxides 15-32 LOC104968582 Bos taurus 69-81 12456494-1 2002 We examined the hypothesis that ONOO-, a product of the interaction between superoxide (O2*-) and nitric oxide (NO), inhibits calcium-activated K+ (KCa) channel activity in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of human coronary arterioles (HCAs), thereby reducing hyperpolarization-mediated vasodilation. Superoxides 76-86 casein kappa Homo sapiens 148-151 12456494-1 2002 We examined the hypothesis that ONOO-, a product of the interaction between superoxide (O2*-) and nitric oxide (NO), inhibits calcium-activated K+ (KCa) channel activity in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) of human coronary arterioles (HCAs), thereby reducing hyperpolarization-mediated vasodilation. Superoxides 88-92 casein kappa Homo sapiens 148-151 12398932-10 2002 Although xanthine dehydrogenase conversion to a free radical-producing oxidase can serve as an important source of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide during ischemia/reperfusion, our results suggest that urate formation by xanthine dehydrogenase may provide a significant antioxidant defense against peroxynitrite and related nitric oxide-derived oxidants. Superoxides 115-125 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 9-31 12390507-7 2002 Superoxide radicals (.O2-) are formed during autoxidation of DA and.ALX. Superoxides 0-19 hematopoietic SH2 domain containing Homo sapiens 68-71 12390507-7 2002 Superoxide radicals (.O2-) are formed during autoxidation of DA and.ALX. Superoxides 22-24 hematopoietic SH2 domain containing Homo sapiens 68-71 12231564-10 2002 CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that long-term inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system ameliorates endothelial dysfunction associated with aging through the inhibition of the synthesis of COX-2-derived vasoconstricting factors and superoxide anions. Superoxides 241-258 cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 198-203 12030845-10 2002 These data indicate that: UCP2 (a) is at least partially refolded from sarkosyl-solubilized bacterial inclusion bodies by a two-step treatment with C12E9 detergent and hydroxyapatite; (b) binds purine and pyrimidine nucleoside triphosphates with low micromolar affinity; (c) binds GDP with the same affinity as GDP inhibits superoxide-stimulated uncoupling by kidney mitochondria; and (d) exhibits a different nucleotide preference than kidney mitochondria. Superoxides 324-334 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 26-30 12440767-6 2002 A defect in any of the genes encoding gp91phox, p22phox, p67phox or p47phox results in chronic granulomatous disease, a genetic disorder characterized by severe and recurrent infections, illustrating the role of O2- and the derived metabolites H2O2 and HOCl in host defense against invading microorganisms. Superoxides 212-214 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 57-64 12117500-11 2002 These results indicate that T. solium possesses a Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase enzyme that can protect him from oxidant-damage caused by the superoxide anion. Superoxides 139-155 superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Bos taurus 50-76 12142351-14 2002 The underlying mechanism involves activation of a gp91phox-containing NADPH oxidase by Rac-1 and the subsequent scavenging of endothelium-derived NO by superoxide anions generated from this enzyme. Superoxides 152-169 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 50-58 12083801-9 2002 In this study, we for the first time demonstrate a novel mechanism, independent of Ras activation but initiated by superoxide anion production, for PPARgamma agonists to trigger the Raf-MEK-ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Superoxides 115-131 zinc fingers and homeoboxes 2 Homo sapiens 182-185 12200110-3 2002 rEq eotaxin induced equine eosinophil migration and superoxide production in vitro. Superoxides 52-62 eotaxin Equus caballus 4-11 12044177-3 2002 In this study, recombinant aconitase/IRP-1 was exposed to SIN-1, whose thermal decomposition releases *NO and O(2)(*-). Superoxides 110-114 mitogen-activated protein kinase associated protein 1 Mus musculus 58-63 12031898-7 2002 Further investigations into the mechanisms by which AA induced MnSOD expression showed that superoxide anions released from AA metabolism act as second messengers via a signal-controlling pathway involving protein kinase C and p38 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK). Superoxides 92-109 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 63-68 11987087-13 2002 Although hydrogen peroxide had no effect on CPT I activity, the reactive oxygen species nitric oxide, superoxide, and peroxynitrite, all of which are generated in the heart during sepsis, significantly inhibited CPT I activity. Superoxides 102-112 carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1B Rattus norvegicus 212-217 11937296-5 2002 We have previously shown that CsA induced a transcriptionally mediated increase of the eNOS gene expression and that CsA induced the formation of nitric oxide, O(2)(*-), and ONOO(-) in vascular endothelial cells. Superoxides 160-164 ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit Homo sapiens 117-120 11937296-6 2002 In this work, we evaluate the CsA-induced relative amounts of formation of O(2)(*-) and NO*, providing data consistent with a role of O(2)(*-), and not NO*, as the limiting factor in the CsA-dependent intracellular formation of ONOO(-) in vascular endothelial cells. Superoxides 75-79 ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit Homo sapiens 30-33 11937296-6 2002 In this work, we evaluate the CsA-induced relative amounts of formation of O(2)(*-) and NO*, providing data consistent with a role of O(2)(*-), and not NO*, as the limiting factor in the CsA-dependent intracellular formation of ONOO(-) in vascular endothelial cells. Superoxides 134-138 ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit Homo sapiens 30-33 11937296-6 2002 In this work, we evaluate the CsA-induced relative amounts of formation of O(2)(*-) and NO*, providing data consistent with a role of O(2)(*-), and not NO*, as the limiting factor in the CsA-dependent intracellular formation of ONOO(-) in vascular endothelial cells. Superoxides 134-138 ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit Homo sapiens 187-190 11937296-7 2002 Furthermore, when endothelial cells were treated with CsA in a situation of increased generation of superoxide such as that provided by high glucose levels, a further increase in the formation of peroxynitrite was detected. Superoxides 100-110 ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit Homo sapiens 54-57 11880281-4 2002 Direct addition of H(2)O(2) or the superoxide generator menadione activated ERK1/2, which is also prevented by MnTMPyP pretreatment. Superoxides 35-45 mitogen activated protein kinase 3 Rattus norvegicus 76-82 11972610-8 2002 RESULTS: Cross-linking of FcepsilonRI on RBL-2H3 cells or on human leucocytes from healthy donors by the anti-FcepsilonRI mAb resulted in a rapid generation of superoxide anion, as determined by chemiluminescence using superoxide-specific probes. Superoxides 160-176 Fc epsilon receptor Ia Homo sapiens 26-37 11972610-8 2002 RESULTS: Cross-linking of FcepsilonRI on RBL-2H3 cells or on human leucocytes from healthy donors by the anti-FcepsilonRI mAb resulted in a rapid generation of superoxide anion, as determined by chemiluminescence using superoxide-specific probes. Superoxides 160-176 Fc epsilon receptor Ia Homo sapiens 110-121 11972610-8 2002 RESULTS: Cross-linking of FcepsilonRI on RBL-2H3 cells or on human leucocytes from healthy donors by the anti-FcepsilonRI mAb resulted in a rapid generation of superoxide anion, as determined by chemiluminescence using superoxide-specific probes. Superoxides 160-170 Fc epsilon receptor Ia Homo sapiens 26-37 11972610-8 2002 RESULTS: Cross-linking of FcepsilonRI on RBL-2H3 cells or on human leucocytes from healthy donors by the anti-FcepsilonRI mAb resulted in a rapid generation of superoxide anion, as determined by chemiluminescence using superoxide-specific probes. Superoxides 160-170 Fc epsilon receptor Ia Homo sapiens 110-121 11972610-11 2002 CONCLUSION: These results indicate that both RBL-2H3 cells and human basophils generate superoxide anion upon FcepsilonRI cross-linking either by antibody or by allergen challenge and that blockade of the generation prevents the release of allergic mediators. Superoxides 88-104 Fc epsilon receptor Ia Homo sapiens 110-121 11744691-10 2002 Lipoamide dehydrogenase also catalyzes NADH oxidation by oxygen, yielding hydrogen peroxide as the major product and superoxide radical as a minor product. Superoxides 117-135 dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase Sus scrofa 0-23 11773068-10 2002 The potential significance of the AP-1 binding is suggested by the finding that the response of HO-1, in COS cells stably transfected with antisense hBVR, with 66% reduced BVR activity, to superoxide anion (O(2)()) formed by menadione is attenuated, whereas induction by heme is not affected. Superoxides 189-205 biliverdin reductase A Homo sapiens 149-153 11773068-10 2002 The potential significance of the AP-1 binding is suggested by the finding that the response of HO-1, in COS cells stably transfected with antisense hBVR, with 66% reduced BVR activity, to superoxide anion (O(2)()) formed by menadione is attenuated, whereas induction by heme is not affected. Superoxides 189-205 biliverdin reductase A Homo sapiens 150-153 11773068-10 2002 The potential significance of the AP-1 binding is suggested by the finding that the response of HO-1, in COS cells stably transfected with antisense hBVR, with 66% reduced BVR activity, to superoxide anion (O(2)()) formed by menadione is attenuated, whereas induction by heme is not affected. Superoxides 207-211 biliverdin reductase A Homo sapiens 149-153 11773068-10 2002 The potential significance of the AP-1 binding is suggested by the finding that the response of HO-1, in COS cells stably transfected with antisense hBVR, with 66% reduced BVR activity, to superoxide anion (O(2)()) formed by menadione is attenuated, whereas induction by heme is not affected. Superoxides 207-211 biliverdin reductase A Homo sapiens 150-153 11733522-1 2002 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes consists of a membranal heterodimeric flavocytochrome (cytochrome b(559)), composed of gp91(phox) and p22(phox) subunits, and four cytosolic proteins, p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (1 or 2). Superoxides 4-14 interleukin 9 Homo sapiens 235-238 11943469-3 2002 Treatment of SMP with X/XO resulted in a large production of superoxide anion, detected by acetylated cytochrome c method, which was blocked by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 61-77 LOC104968582 Bos taurus 102-114 11890736-1 2002 In some neurological disorders, excessive nitric oxide (NO, nitrogen monoxide) produced by inducible and/or neuronal nitric oxide synthases (iNOS and nNOS) is able to combine with superoxide (O(minus sign)(2)) to form peroxynitrite (ONOO(minus sign)), which can then induce p53-dependent neural apoptosis. Superoxides 180-190 nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal Mus musculus 150-154 11834524-0 2002 Gene transfer of endothelial NO synthase and manganese superoxide dismutase on arterial vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 expression and superoxide production in deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertension. Superoxides 55-65 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 88-121 11834524-9 2002 VCAM-1 expression was significantly lower in MnSOD- and eNOS-transduced hypertensive arteries, with a concomitant reduction of superoxide level. Superoxides 127-137 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-6 11834524-10 2002 These results suggest that gene transfer of MnSOD or eNOS suppresses arterial VCAM-1 expression in DOCA-salt hypertension by reducing the superoxide level. Superoxides 138-148 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 78-84 12109048-1 2002 The effects of gold-chloroquine derivatives with the formula [Au(PR3)(CQ)]PF6 (where R = Ph (1), Et or Me) on the superoxide anion production by human neutrophils (PMNs, polymorphonuclear cells) were investigated. Superoxides 114-130 sperm associated antigen 17 Homo sapiens 74-77 12269769-1 2002 The purpose of this study was to examine whether the increased sensitivity of cancer cells to adriamycin (ADM), which is known to produce superoxide radicals, was brought through suppressed manganese superoxide disumutase (MnSOD) expression in the presence of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFbeta1). Superoxides 138-148 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 223-228 11912930-1 2002 Measurement of catalysis by MnSOD using direct observation of the UV absorbance of superoxide allows determination of steady-state catalytic constants. Superoxides 83-93 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 28-33 11912930-3 2002 Studies show that kcat/Km for the decay of superoxide catalyzed by MnSOD proceeds at diffusion control. Superoxides 43-53 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 67-72 11761717-6 2001 Together with the fact that nitric oxide (NO) plays a potential role in neuronal differentiation, and that large amounts of NO have cytotoxicity from the reaction of NO with superoxide anions, our data suggested that the expressions of both SOD1 and SOD2, as scavengers of superoxide anions, were maintained from an early developmental stage to prepare stage-specific nNOS expression for a potential differentiation role and to elude NO cytotoxicity. Superoxides 174-191 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 250-254 11761717-6 2001 Together with the fact that nitric oxide (NO) plays a potential role in neuronal differentiation, and that large amounts of NO have cytotoxicity from the reaction of NO with superoxide anions, our data suggested that the expressions of both SOD1 and SOD2, as scavengers of superoxide anions, were maintained from an early developmental stage to prepare stage-specific nNOS expression for a potential differentiation role and to elude NO cytotoxicity. Superoxides 174-184 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 250-254 11709424-5 2001 IL-1 beta treatment stimulated superoxide production in VSM cells that was inhibited by pretreatment of cells with the superoxide scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and also by overexpression of the human manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene. Superoxides 31-41 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 206-236 11709424-5 2001 IL-1 beta treatment stimulated superoxide production in VSM cells that was inhibited by pretreatment of cells with the superoxide scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and also by overexpression of the human manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene. Superoxides 31-41 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 238-243 11860470-2 2001 At low L-Arg concentrations, nNOS generates NO and superoxide (O2(. Superoxides 51-61 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 29-33 11860470-2 2001 At low L-Arg concentrations, nNOS generates NO and superoxide (O2(. Superoxides 63-65 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 29-33 11748588-8 2001 Additionally, PKCdelta inhibitors block PMA, IL-5 and LTB4 mediated superoxide formation. Superoxides 68-78 protein kinase C delta Homo sapiens 14-22 11748588-8 2001 Additionally, PKCdelta inhibitors block PMA, IL-5 and LTB4 mediated superoxide formation. Superoxides 68-78 interleukin 5 Homo sapiens 45-49 11748588-10 2001 IL-5 and LTB4, but not PMA, stimulated superoxide production is also blocked by inhibitors of PI 3-kinase indicating that activation of this enzyme is an upstream event common to both receptor signaling pathways. Superoxides 39-49 interleukin 5 Homo sapiens 0-4 11714832-6 2001 When trypsin, an agonist for PAR2, was incubated with eosinophils, it potently induced superoxide anion production and degranulation; 5 nM trypsin induced responses that were 50-70% of those induced by 100 nM platelet-activating factor, a positive control. Superoxides 87-103 F2R like trypsin receptor 1 Homo sapiens 29-33 11714832-9 2001 Furthermore, a specific tethered peptide ligand for PAR2 potently induced superoxide production and degranulation; the effects of peptide ligands for PAR1, PAR3, and PAR4 were negligible. Superoxides 74-84 F2R like trypsin receptor 1 Homo sapiens 52-56 11730893-4 2001 Demonstrating superoxide disproportionation and a correlation with cellular Cu2Zn2SOD activity is relevant and consistent with a role for PrP(C) in Cu endocytosis. Superoxides 14-24 prion protein Mus musculus 138-144 11527963-0 2001 A defect in the cytochrome b large subunit in complex II causes both superoxide anion overproduction and abnormal energy metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans. Superoxides 69-85 cytochrome b Caenorhabditis elegans 16-28 11709071-6 2001 We conclude that CoQ acted in mitochondria through production of superoxide, which mediated uncoupling, probably by acting through uncoupling protein 2. Superoxides 65-75 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 131-151 11758905-7 2001 Thus, the significant increase in serum ornithine carbamoyltransferase activities as the marker of liver lesions may result from the marked accumulation of liver lipids, decreased activities of hepatic superoxide dismutase, and the increased level of hepatic 1,2-diacylglycerol, followed by possibly the increased level of superoxide anion and increased activity of protein kinase C in rats fed the casein diet with orotic acid added. Superoxides 323-339 ornithine transcarbamylase Rattus norvegicus 40-70 11520794-4 2001 Pretreatment of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha-primed neutrophils with antibodies against FcgammaRII and FcgammaRIII inhibited MPO-ANCA and PR3-ANCA induced superoxide generation, confirming that FcgammaR ligation is involved in ANCA-mediated neutrophil activation. Superoxides 160-170 proteinase 3 Homo sapiens 143-146 11592093-1 2001 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is an antioxidant enzyme capable of neutralizing superoxide anion molecules. Superoxides 88-104 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-30 11592093-1 2001 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is an antioxidant enzyme capable of neutralizing superoxide anion molecules. Superoxides 88-104 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 11579333-12 2001 CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that CLS could act by interfering with the conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase into superoxide-producing xanthine oxidase. Superoxides 120-130 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 92-114 11509453-0 2001 Role for endothelin-1-induced superoxide and peroxynitrite production in rebound pulmonary hypertension associated with inhaled nitric oxide therapy. Superoxides 30-40 EDN1 Ovis aries 9-21 11509453-5 2001 When primary cultures of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells were exposed to ET-1, superoxide production increased by 33% (P<0.05). Superoxides 84-94 EDN1 Ovis aries 78-82 11525742-3 2001 Sod and Cat constitute an evolutionary conserved ROS defense system against superoxide; Sod converts superoxide anions to H(2)O(2), and Cat prevents free hydroxyl radical formation by breaking down H(2)O(2) into oxygen and water. Superoxides 76-86 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 0-3 11525742-3 2001 Sod and Cat constitute an evolutionary conserved ROS defense system against superoxide; Sod converts superoxide anions to H(2)O(2), and Cat prevents free hydroxyl radical formation by breaking down H(2)O(2) into oxygen and water. Superoxides 76-86 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 88-91 11525742-3 2001 Sod and Cat constitute an evolutionary conserved ROS defense system against superoxide; Sod converts superoxide anions to H(2)O(2), and Cat prevents free hydroxyl radical formation by breaking down H(2)O(2) into oxygen and water. Superoxides 101-118 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 0-3 11525742-3 2001 Sod and Cat constitute an evolutionary conserved ROS defense system against superoxide; Sod converts superoxide anions to H(2)O(2), and Cat prevents free hydroxyl radical formation by breaking down H(2)O(2) into oxygen and water. Superoxides 101-118 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 88-91 11488600-3 2001 Our results show that oxidative stress induced by exogenous adding of hydrogen peroxide or superoxide anion in macrophage RAW 264.7 and mouse peritoneal macrophage cultures caused a marked enhancement of calcium-independent PLA2 (iPLA2) activity,whereas the increment of secreted PLA2 (sPLA2) and calcium-dependent cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) activities were slight. Superoxides 91-107 phospholipase A2, group IVA (cytosolic, calcium-dependent) Mus musculus 315-329 11488600-3 2001 Our results show that oxidative stress induced by exogenous adding of hydrogen peroxide or superoxide anion in macrophage RAW 264.7 and mouse peritoneal macrophage cultures caused a marked enhancement of calcium-independent PLA2 (iPLA2) activity,whereas the increment of secreted PLA2 (sPLA2) and calcium-dependent cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) activities were slight. Superoxides 91-107 phospholipase A2, group IVA (cytosolic, calcium-dependent) Mus musculus 331-336 11477284-6 2001 RESULTS: CsA appeared to be particularly effective in lowering chemotaxis, superoxide anion production and lysozyme release induced by different agonists. Superoxides 75-91 ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit Homo sapiens 9-12 11491650-3 2001 Here we demonstrate that overexpression of MnSOD enhances the activity of the superoxide (O2*-)-sensitive enzyme aconitase, decreases the intracellular GSH/GSSG ratio, and dose-dependently inhibits pyruvate carboxylase activity. Superoxides 78-88 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 43-48 11491650-3 2001 Here we demonstrate that overexpression of MnSOD enhances the activity of the superoxide (O2*-)-sensitive enzyme aconitase, decreases the intracellular GSH/GSSG ratio, and dose-dependently inhibits pyruvate carboxylase activity. Superoxides 90-92 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 43-48 11491650-4 2001 Thus, alterations in the steady-state concentrations of mitochondrial O2*- and H2O2 as a result of MnSOD overexpression can alter the metabolic capacity of the cell leading to inhibition of cell growth. Superoxides 70-73 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 99-104 11491650-5 2001 Furthermore, we propose that MnSOD overexpression can modulate the activity of nitric oxide (*NO) by preventing its reaction with O2*-. Superoxides 130-134 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 29-34 11331784-1 2001 Nox1, a homologue of gp91phox, the catalytic moiety of the superoxide (O(2)(-))-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes, causes increased O(2)(-) generation, increased mitotic rate, cell transformation, and tumorigenicity when expressed in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Superoxides 59-69 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 11331784-1 2001 Nox1, a homologue of gp91phox, the catalytic moiety of the superoxide (O(2)(-))-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes, causes increased O(2)(-) generation, increased mitotic rate, cell transformation, and tumorigenicity when expressed in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Superoxides 71-75 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 11331784-1 2001 Nox1, a homologue of gp91phox, the catalytic moiety of the superoxide (O(2)(-))-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes, causes increased O(2)(-) generation, increased mitotic rate, cell transformation, and tumorigenicity when expressed in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Superoxides 137-141 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 11357953-9 2001 These data are the first demonstration of elevated levels of ROS in neurons at risk in any genetic neurodegenerative disorder and, furthermore, suggest that ATM acts as a pro-survival signal in post-mitotic Purkinje cells and dopaminergic neurons by modifying superoxide radical handling in these selectively vulnerable neurons. Superoxides 260-270 ataxia telangiectasia mutated Mus musculus 157-160 11318943-11 2001 RESULTS: Proteinase-3 expression (active 63.04 +/- 5.6% of total number of cells, remission 51.47 +/- 7.9% of total number of cells, control 17.7 +/- 4.7% of total number of cells, P < 0.05) and basal superoxide production (active 6.9 +/- 0.8 nmol/L x 10(6) cells, remission 5.15 +/- 0.4 nmol/L/10(6) cells, control 3.63 +/- 0.3 nmol/L/10(6) cells, P < 0.001) were significantly greater with freshly isolated PMN from patients than controls. Superoxides 204-214 proteinase 3 Homo sapiens 9-21 11328670-12 2001 Tyrosine nitration and inactivation of MnSOD would lead to increased levels of superoxide and concomitant increases in ONOO- within the mitochondria which, could lead to tyrosine nitration/oxidation of key mitochondrial proteins and ultimately mitochondrial dysfunction and cell death. Superoxides 79-89 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 39-44 11259567-2 2001 Phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP(3)), a product of phosphoinositide 3-OH-kinase (PI 3-kinase) accumulated in response to fMLP and this accumulation was well correlated with O2 production in human neutrophils. Superoxides 186-188 peptidase inhibitor 3 Homo sapiens 94-98 11238661-5 2001 Direct cross-linking of the alpha(4) integrin subunit by surface-bound mAbs also elicited superoxide release and release of the secondary granule marker, lactoferrin. Superoxides 90-100 immunoglobulin (CD79A) binding protein 1 Mus musculus 28-36 11223425-5 2001 The stimulation of BAEC with superoxide increased the production of MMP-2 and it also induced its activation. Superoxides 29-39 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Bos taurus 68-73 11339504-1 2001 OBJECTIVE: Superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase consists of the membrane-bound cytochrome b558 (gp91phox and p22Phox) and the cytosolic components (p67phox, p47phox, p40phox and rac). Superoxides 11-21 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 147-154 11098048-9 2001 Antisense oligonucleotides of Nox 4 reduced osteoclastic superoxide generation as well as resorption pit formation by osteoclasts. Superoxides 57-67 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 30-35 11159975-3 2001 In this study we have investigated galectin-3-induced NADPH oxidase activation, measured as superoxide production, in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-primed neutrophils. Superoxides 92-102 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 35-45 11159975-4 2001 Upon galectin-3 challenge, the LPS-primed cells produced superoxide, both extracellularly and intracellularly. Superoxides 57-67 galectin 3 Homo sapiens 5-15 11180339-0 2001 An Exceptionally Stable Ti Superoxide Radical Ion: A Novel Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Direct Conversion of Aromatic Primary Amines to Nitro Compounds The authors are thankful to Dr. Devotta and the Director, NCL for their constant encouragement. Superoxides 27-45 nucleolin Homo sapiens 212-215 11032835-4 2001 The NOX4 protein of 578 amino acids exhibits 39% identity to gp91(phox) with special conservation in membrane-spanning regions and binding sites for heme, FAD, and NAD(P)H, indicative of its function as a superoxide-producing NAD(P)H oxidase. Superoxides 205-215 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 4-8 11032835-5 2001 The membrane fraction of kidney-derived human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells, expressing NOX4, exhibits NADH- and NADPH-dependent superoxide-producing activities, both of which are inhibited by diphenylene iodonium, an agent known to block oxygen sensing, and decreased in cells expressing antisense NOX4 mRNA. Superoxides 132-142 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 91-95 11032835-5 2001 The membrane fraction of kidney-derived human embryonic kidney (HEK) 293 cells, expressing NOX4, exhibits NADH- and NADPH-dependent superoxide-producing activities, both of which are inhibited by diphenylene iodonium, an agent known to block oxygen sensing, and decreased in cells expressing antisense NOX4 mRNA. Superoxides 132-142 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 302-306 11032835-8 2001 In addition, overexpression of NOX4 in cultured cells leads to increased superoxide production and decreased rate of growth. Superoxides 73-83 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 31-35 11257443-1 2001 Cofilin, an actin-binding protein, plays an important role in the migration, phagocytosis, and superoxide production of activated phagocytes through cytoskeletal reorganization. Superoxides 95-105 cofilin 1 Homo sapiens 0-7 11134248-10 2001 The p38-MAPK inhibitor (SB202190) and the ERK inhibitor (PD98059) diminished PR3-ANCA-mediated superoxide production dose dependently (11.6 +/- 1.7 nmol O(2)(-) to 1.9 +/- 0.6 with 50 microM SB202190 and 4.0 +/- 0.6 with 50 microM PD098059, respectively). Superoxides 95-105 proteinase 3 Homo sapiens 77-80 11134248-10 2001 The p38-MAPK inhibitor (SB202190) and the ERK inhibitor (PD98059) diminished PR3-ANCA-mediated superoxide production dose dependently (11.6 +/- 1.7 nmol O(2)(-) to 1.9 +/- 0.6 with 50 microM SB202190 and 4.0 +/- 0.6 with 50 microM PD098059, respectively). Superoxides 153-157 proteinase 3 Homo sapiens 77-80 11106438-11 2000 Thus, the L243 scFvhCH2 homo-dimer constitutes the minimal truncated form that binds the MHC Class II antigen and triggers superoxide production through FcgammaRI. Superoxides 123-133 major histocompatibility complex, class II, DR beta 6 (pseudogene) Homo sapiens 89-109 11069235-5 2000 Tat and the CysL(24-51) peptide also induced PMNL superoxide production and the release of the angiogenic factors interleukin-8 and vascular endothelial growth factor from PMNL. Superoxides 50-60 tyrosine aminotransferase Homo sapiens 0-3 11118808-1 2000 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an essential enzyme for prostaglandin synthesis from arachidonic acid, during which considerable amounts of superoxide are produced. Superoxides 136-146 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-16 11118808-1 2000 Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an essential enzyme for prostaglandin synthesis from arachidonic acid, during which considerable amounts of superoxide are produced. Superoxides 136-146 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 18-23 11073107-0 2000 C5a-stimulated human neutrophils use a subset of beta2 integrins to support the adhesion-dependent phase of superoxide production. Superoxides 108-118 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2 Homo sapiens 49-54 11073107-9 2000 Thus, PMN treated with C5a used signals via CR3, P150/95, and alphad/beta2, but not LFA-1, to support superoxide production. Superoxides 102-112 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2 Homo sapiens 69-74 11046152-13 2000 These findings suggest that COX-2 promotes cell survival by a mechanism linking increased expression of prosurvival genes coupled to inhibition of NO- and superoxide-mediated apoptosis. Superoxides 155-165 prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 Rattus norvegicus 28-33 11071366-6 2000 In support of an intermediary role of superoxide ions or H2O2 in the action of glutathione/Fe2+ system, superoxide dismutase and catalase expressed a substantial protection against the inactivation by the glutathione/Fe2+ system. Superoxides 38-48 catalase Bos taurus 129-137 11092911-6 2000 It was also suggested that peroxidase(s) or copper amine oxidase(s) are involved in the extracellular superoxide production as a consequence of H2O2 production. Superoxides 102-112 peroxidase N1-like Nicotiana tabacum 27-37 10944535-6 2000 When loaded with copper independent of CCS, this mutant SOD1 exhibited superoxide scavenging activity, but was normally inactive in vivo because CCS failed to recognize the enzyme. Superoxides 71-81 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 56-60 11050244-0 2000 Hyperglycemia-induced mitochondrial superoxide overproduction activates the hexosamine pathway and induces plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression by increasing Sp1 glycosylation. Superoxides 36-46 serpin family E member 1 Bos taurus 107-140 11037884-0 2000 Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and beta2 integrins in C1q-stimulated superoxide production by human neutrophils: an example of a general regulatory mechanism governing acute inflammation. Superoxides 72-82 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2 Homo sapiens 38-43 11037884-1 2000 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and beta2 integrins in the production of superoxide (O2-) by C1q-stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Superoxides 122-132 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2 Homo sapiens 85-90 11037884-1 2000 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and beta2 integrins in the production of superoxide (O2-) by C1q-stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Superoxides 134-136 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2 Homo sapiens 85-90 11037884-8 2000 CONCLUSION: beta2 integrin binding to an ICAM provided an essential costimulatory signal for O2-production triggered by C1q in PMN. Superoxides 93-95 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2 Homo sapiens 12-17 11037884-9 2000 Our findings suggest a model for PMN activation in which 2 stimuli are required for O2- production: a first signal that also activates PMN beta2 integrins, followed by a second, beta2 integrin-mediated signal, which occurs physiologically upon PMN binding to ICAM-1. Superoxides 84-86 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2 Homo sapiens 139-144 11030714-7 2000 In contrast, blockade of AT2 receptors by PD123319 enhanced the superoxide formation by 73.7% in intact cells. Superoxides 64-74 angiotensin II receptor type 2 Homo sapiens 25-28 11030714-9 2000 The tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor vanadate, in turn, prevented the AT2 mediated effects on superoxide formation. Superoxides 92-102 angiotensin II receptor type 2 Homo sapiens 68-71 11030714-11 2000 It is concluded that AT2 functionally antagonizes the AT1 induced endothelial superoxide formation by a pathway involving tyrosine phosphatases. Superoxides 78-88 angiotensin II receptor type 2 Homo sapiens 21-24 11030714-11 2000 It is concluded that AT2 functionally antagonizes the AT1 induced endothelial superoxide formation by a pathway involving tyrosine phosphatases. Superoxides 78-88 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 54-57 11097471-3 2000 Incubation with 20 microg/L of CrPic enhanced glucose uptake and O2- production in an insulin-dependent manner. Superoxides 65-67 insulin Sus scrofa 86-93 11053990-7 2000 Our results suggest that Mn-SOD mRNA was frequently reduced in esophageal carcinoma when compared to the normal mucosa and the reduced expression levels of Mn-SOD mRNA may lead to an accumulation of superoxide radicals in conjunction with the increased invasiveness of esophageal carcinoma. Superoxides 199-209 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 156-162 10873554-1 2000 The present study is the first to show that superoxide (O(-)(2)) forming NADPH oxidase is activated in Alzheimer"s disease (AD) brains by demonstrating the marked translocation of the cytosolic factors p47-phox and p67-phox to the membrane. Superoxides 44-54 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 215-223 10801763-2 2000 Observations in experimental animals suggest that angiotensin II (Ang II) increases.O(2)(-) production by activation of vascular NAD(P)H oxidase. Superoxides 84-91 angiogenin Homo sapiens 66-69 10783320-0 2000 The COX-2 inhibitor nimesulide suppresses superoxide and 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine formation, and stimulates apoptosis in mucosa during early colonic inflammation in rats. Superoxides 42-52 cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 4-9 10867503-7 2000 Eosinophil superoxide production stimulated with sIgA was abolished by anti-CD18 mAb, suggesting that beta2 integrins might be crucial for this reaction. Superoxides 11-21 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2 Homo sapiens 102-107 10889449-5 2000 Taken together, these observations suggest that the induction of MnSOD expression by TNF-alpha is at least partially mediated by intracellular formation of oxygen free radicals, and that superoxide is most likely the initiating species involved in the mediation of MnSOD gene expression by TNF-alpha. Superoxides 187-197 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 265-270 10758056-12 2000 CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that increased vascular superoxide production occurs not only in angiotensin II-induced hypertension but also in hypertension known to be associated with low-renin states. Superoxides 61-71 renin Rattus norvegicus 195-200 10741851-4 2000 Our results provide evidence that O2- may be involved in the pathways that result in arachidonate release and PGE2 formation by COX-2 in murine peritoneal macrophages stimulated by LPS. Superoxides 34-36 cytochrome c oxidase II, mitochondrial Mus musculus 128-133 10744274-5 2000 Superoxide production was measured by the reduction cytochrome c, elastase release by cleavage of AAPV-pNA, and beta2-integrin expression by flow cytometry. Superoxides 0-10 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2 Homo sapiens 112-117 10719243-1 2000 Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) reacts with either oxygen or superoxide and tryptophan (trp) or other indoleamines while tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) reacts with oxygen and is specific for trp. Superoxides 63-73 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-27 10719243-1 2000 Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) reacts with either oxygen or superoxide and tryptophan (trp) or other indoleamines while tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) reacts with oxygen and is specific for trp. Superoxides 63-73 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 29-32 10669417-2 2000 PI3Kgamma was required for chemoattractant-induced production of phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-trisphosphate [PtdIns (3,4,5)P3] and has an important role in chemoattractant-induced superoxide production and chemotaxis in mouse neutrophils and in production of T cell-independent antigen-specific antibodies composed of the immunoglobulin lambda light chain (TI-IglambdaL). Superoxides 178-188 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma Mus musculus 0-9 10644478-1 2000 BACKGROUND: Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) catalyzes the scavenging of superoxide radicals in order to protect cells from the damage caused by reactive oxygen species. Superoxides 22-32 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 44-49 11112045-5 2000 Since CsA increases superoxide production, which metabolises NO, plasma hydroperoxides from cholesterol esters and from triglycerides and peroxynitrite were also evaluated (HPLC) as an index of the presence of superoxides and of "oxidative stress". Superoxides 20-30 ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit Homo sapiens 6-9 11112045-12 2000 However, the NO-mediated counterregulatory system to CsA-induced vasoconstriction, present in normals, could be canceled in patients by CsA-induced superoxide (O2-) and free radical production which, by increasing NO metabolism, could contribute to CsA-induced vasoconstriction and hypertension and predispose to atherosclerosis. Superoxides 148-158 ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit Homo sapiens 53-56 11112045-12 2000 However, the NO-mediated counterregulatory system to CsA-induced vasoconstriction, present in normals, could be canceled in patients by CsA-induced superoxide (O2-) and free radical production which, by increasing NO metabolism, could contribute to CsA-induced vasoconstriction and hypertension and predispose to atherosclerosis. Superoxides 148-158 ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit Homo sapiens 136-139 11112045-12 2000 However, the NO-mediated counterregulatory system to CsA-induced vasoconstriction, present in normals, could be canceled in patients by CsA-induced superoxide (O2-) and free radical production which, by increasing NO metabolism, could contribute to CsA-induced vasoconstriction and hypertension and predispose to atherosclerosis. Superoxides 148-158 ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit Homo sapiens 136-139 11112045-12 2000 However, the NO-mediated counterregulatory system to CsA-induced vasoconstriction, present in normals, could be canceled in patients by CsA-induced superoxide (O2-) and free radical production which, by increasing NO metabolism, could contribute to CsA-induced vasoconstriction and hypertension and predispose to atherosclerosis. Superoxides 160-162 ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit Homo sapiens 53-56 11112045-12 2000 However, the NO-mediated counterregulatory system to CsA-induced vasoconstriction, present in normals, could be canceled in patients by CsA-induced superoxide (O2-) and free radical production which, by increasing NO metabolism, could contribute to CsA-induced vasoconstriction and hypertension and predispose to atherosclerosis. Superoxides 160-162 ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit Homo sapiens 136-139 11112045-12 2000 However, the NO-mediated counterregulatory system to CsA-induced vasoconstriction, present in normals, could be canceled in patients by CsA-induced superoxide (O2-) and free radical production which, by increasing NO metabolism, could contribute to CsA-induced vasoconstriction and hypertension and predispose to atherosclerosis. Superoxides 160-162 ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit Homo sapiens 136-139 10644010-5 1999 Our results show a 20-50% increase in both SOD activities when cells were exposed to TNF or to an oxidative stress produced by Paraquat (a generator of superoxide anion radicals), both in terms of enzymes activity (zymogram) and protein levels (Western blotting and ELISA). Superoxides 152-177 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 43-46 10529750-7 1999 The results suggest that mutations influencing the cellular allocation of Mn-SOD may be a risk factor in MND, especially in females, and that MND may be a disease of misdistribution of the superoxide dismutase enzymes. Superoxides 189-199 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 74-80 10593590-7 1999 In contrast, the role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in B[a]P-induced superoxide ion enhancement is suggested by the inhibitory effect of the specific antagonist alpha-naphthoflavone (alphaNF), while the tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) is not involved in the phenomenon. Superoxides 78-88 aryl hydrocarbon receptor Homo sapiens 29-54 10593590-7 1999 In contrast, the role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) in B[a]P-induced superoxide ion enhancement is suggested by the inhibitory effect of the specific antagonist alpha-naphthoflavone (alphaNF), while the tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) is not involved in the phenomenon. Superoxides 78-88 aryl hydrocarbon receptor Homo sapiens 56-59 10555159-2 1999 Regulation of reactive oxygen species by nerve growth factor but not by Bcl-2 as a novel mechanism of protection of PC12 cells from superoxide anion-induced death. Superoxides 132-148 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 41-60 10555159-4 1999 125, 952-959), we reported that nerve growth factor (NGF) protected PC12 cells from superoxide anion (O2-)-induced cell death through a novel regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which increased O2- and decreased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), indicating that decreasing conversion from O2- to H2O2 is a critical process for the protection by NGF. Superoxides 84-100 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 32-51 10555159-4 1999 125, 952-959), we reported that nerve growth factor (NGF) protected PC12 cells from superoxide anion (O2-)-induced cell death through a novel regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which increased O2- and decreased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), indicating that decreasing conversion from O2- to H2O2 is a critical process for the protection by NGF. Superoxides 84-100 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 53-56 10555159-4 1999 125, 952-959), we reported that nerve growth factor (NGF) protected PC12 cells from superoxide anion (O2-)-induced cell death through a novel regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which increased O2- and decreased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), indicating that decreasing conversion from O2- to H2O2 is a critical process for the protection by NGF. Superoxides 102-104 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 32-51 10555159-4 1999 125, 952-959), we reported that nerve growth factor (NGF) protected PC12 cells from superoxide anion (O2-)-induced cell death through a novel regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which increased O2- and decreased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), indicating that decreasing conversion from O2- to H2O2 is a critical process for the protection by NGF. Superoxides 102-104 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 53-56 10555159-4 1999 125, 952-959), we reported that nerve growth factor (NGF) protected PC12 cells from superoxide anion (O2-)-induced cell death through a novel regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which increased O2- and decreased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), indicating that decreasing conversion from O2- to H2O2 is a critical process for the protection by NGF. Superoxides 202-204 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 32-51 10555159-4 1999 125, 952-959), we reported that nerve growth factor (NGF) protected PC12 cells from superoxide anion (O2-)-induced cell death through a novel regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which increased O2- and decreased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), indicating that decreasing conversion from O2- to H2O2 is a critical process for the protection by NGF. Superoxides 202-204 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 53-56 10555159-4 1999 125, 952-959), we reported that nerve growth factor (NGF) protected PC12 cells from superoxide anion (O2-)-induced cell death through a novel regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which increased O2- and decreased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), indicating that decreasing conversion from O2- to H2O2 is a critical process for the protection by NGF. Superoxides 202-204 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 32-51 10555159-4 1999 125, 952-959), we reported that nerve growth factor (NGF) protected PC12 cells from superoxide anion (O2-)-induced cell death through a novel regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which increased O2- and decreased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), indicating that decreasing conversion from O2- to H2O2 is a critical process for the protection by NGF. Superoxides 202-204 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 53-56 10480877-0 1999 Tetrahydrobiopterin-dependent inhibition of superoxide generation from neuronal nitric oxide synthase. Superoxides 44-54 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 71-101 10480877-2 1999 Here, we demonstrate using electron spin resonance spin-trapping with 5-diethoxyphosphoryl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide that pterin-free nNOS generates superoxide from the reductase and the oxygenase domain by a calcium/calmodulin-dependent mechanism. Superoxides 152-162 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 137-141 10480877-5 1999 L-Arginine alone inhibits the generation of superoxide by nNOS but not by C331A-nNOS mutant that has a low affinity for L-arginine. Superoxides 44-54 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 58-62 10480877-6 1999 A greater decrease in superoxide yields is observed when nNOS is preincubated with L-arginine. Superoxides 22-32 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 57-61 10511315-1 1999 The overexpression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), an enzyme that catalyzes the removal of superoxide (O2*-) from the mitochondria, has been shown to be closely associated with tumor regression in vivo and loss of the malignant phenotype in vitro. Superoxides 32-42 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 54-59 10480957-1 1999 OBJECTIVES: to assess the efficacy of recombinant human manganese superoxide dismutase (rhMnSOD) in prevention of early and late skeletal muscle ischaemia-reperfusion injury mediated by superoxide (O2-). Superoxides 198-200 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 56-86 10596842-10 1999 alpha1-Protease inhibitor, which inhibits neutrophil elastase, is inactivated by oxidative metabolites such as superoxide and peroxynitrite, and this effect activates matrix metalloproteinases. Superoxides 111-121 elastase, neutrophil expressed Homo sapiens 42-61 10456382-7 1999 Interestingly, pretreatments with CSF-1 alone also increased superoxide production, although the mechanism for this remains unknown. Superoxides 61-71 colony stimulating factor 1 Rattus norvegicus 34-39 10501655-3 1999 In agreement with the flow-cytometric findings, the inhibition of superoxide production was more important for SOD-pretreated monocytes than for neutrophils, as demonstrated with the cytochrome c reduction assay. Superoxides 66-76 LOC104968582 Bos taurus 183-195 10501655-7 1999 Superoxide production by monocytes and neutrophils was measured with the cytochrome c assay. Superoxides 0-10 LOC104968582 Bos taurus 73-85 10393079-1 1999 It is commonly assumed that activation of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase requires the formation of a stable complex between flavocytochrome b-245 (the gp91phox/p22phox heterodimer) and the cytosolic cofactors p47phox, p67phox and Rac2. Superoxides 46-56 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 227-234 10220580-1 1999 We studied the roles of cofilin, an actin-binding phosphoprotein, in superoxide production of neutrophil-like HL-60 cells triggered by opsonized zymosan (OZ). Superoxides 69-79 cofilin 1 Homo sapiens 24-31 10220580-11 1999 Furthermore, in a superoxide-producing cell-free system employing membranous and cytosolic fractions, affinity-purified anti-cofilin antibody showed an enhancing effect. Superoxides 18-28 cofilin 1 Homo sapiens 125-132 10220580-12 1999 These results suggest that cofilin participates in the superoxide production of the OZ-activated phagocytes through dephosphorylation and translocation. Superoxides 55-65 cofilin 1 Homo sapiens 27-34 10220589-0 1999 Regulation of reactive oxygen species by nerve growth factor but not Bcl-2 as a novel mechanism of protection of PC12 cells from superoxide anion-induced death. Superoxides 129-145 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 41-60 10220589-5 1999 NGF enhanced the production of O2- and suppressed that of H2O2, suggesting that it inhibits the conversion of O2- to H2O2, while Bcl-2 had no such effect. Superoxides 31-33 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 0-3 10220589-5 1999 NGF enhanced the production of O2- and suppressed that of H2O2, suggesting that it inhibits the conversion of O2- to H2O2, while Bcl-2 had no such effect. Superoxides 60-62 nerve growth factor Rattus norvegicus 0-3 10336172-3 1999 The present results suggest that ATP7B plays key roles in neurotransmissions of catecholamine pathway and preventing brain tissues from injury by superoxide radicals to regulate the cellular Cu concentration and/or activities of cuproenzymes related to neurotransmissions and a free radical metabolism. Superoxides 146-156 ATPase copper transporting beta Rattus norvegicus 33-38 10209008-1 1999 BACKGROUND: Angiotensin II activates NAD(P)H-dependent oxidases via AT1-receptor stimulation, the most important vascular source of superoxide (O2*-). Superoxides 132-142 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 68-71 10209008-1 1999 BACKGROUND: Angiotensin II activates NAD(P)H-dependent oxidases via AT1-receptor stimulation, the most important vascular source of superoxide (O2*-). Superoxides 144-147 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 68-71 10209008-8 1999 Treatment of cholesterol-fed animals with the AT1-receptor antagonist Bay 10-6734 improved endothelial dysfunction, normalized vascular O2*- and NADH-oxidase activity, decreased macrophage infiltration, and reduced early plaque formation. Superoxides 136-138 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 46-49 11225732-8 1999 The use of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), which degrades superoxides arising from ischemia/reperfusion injury, is one example of this approach. Superoxides 70-81 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 11-45 11225732-8 1999 The use of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), which degrades superoxides arising from ischemia/reperfusion injury, is one example of this approach. Superoxides 70-81 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 47-52 10102279-10 1999 Superoxide generation was measured by superoxide dismutase-inhibitable cytochrome C reduction. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome c Oryctolagus cuniculus 71-83 10213272-0 1999 Src-family kinase-p53/ Lyn p56 plays an important role in TNF-alpha-stimulated production of O2- by human neutrophils adherent to fibrinogen. Superoxides 93-95 cyclin dependent kinase like 2 Homo sapiens 27-30 9922219-8 1999 Superoxide (SO) radical generation was deficient in macrophages from SP-A (-/-) mice. Superoxides 0-10 surfactant associated protein A1 Mus musculus 69-73 9925760-3 1999 It was found that superoxide produced by hyperoxic culture conditions (95% O2 atm) or the redox cycling agent paraquat caused a lesion of the import/processing of precursor hMn-SOD in the baculovirus model. Superoxides 18-28 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 173-180 9950265-0 1999 The role of aminopeptidase N in Met-enkephalin modulated superoxide anion release. Superoxides 57-73 alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane Homo sapiens 12-28 9950265-6 1999 The level of APN activity from different donors correlated with the effect of MENK on superoxide anion release. Superoxides 86-102 alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane Homo sapiens 13-16 9950265-7 1999 Neutrophils with low APN activity, if preincubated with MENK, released reduced amounts of superoxide anion. Superoxides 90-106 alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane Homo sapiens 21-24 9950265-8 1999 In contrast, neutrophils with high APN activity released increased amounts of superoxide anion after preincubation with MENK. Superoxides 78-94 alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane Homo sapiens 35-38 10499870-3 1999 We investigated the influence of human BNP 32 and its fragment BNP 7-32 on the production of superoxide anion by PMN, a major cause for myocardial damage. Superoxides 93-109 natriuretic peptide B Homo sapiens 39-42 10499870-3 1999 We investigated the influence of human BNP 32 and its fragment BNP 7-32 on the production of superoxide anion by PMN, a major cause for myocardial damage. Superoxides 93-109 natriuretic peptide B Homo sapiens 63-66 9861044-0 1998 Caspase-1 is activated in neural cells and tissue with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-associated mutations in copper-zinc superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 121-131 caspase 1 Mus musculus 0-9 9852050-0 1998 Generation of superoxide anion by succinate-cytochrome c reductase from bovine heart mitochondria. Superoxides 14-30 LOC104968582 Bos taurus 44-56 9879663-7 1998 The IC50 values of caeruloplasmin, hCP, and BSA for the superoxide radical were 12, 2, 260 microM and for the hydroxyl radical 15, 2, 200 microM. Superoxides 56-74 coproporphyrinogen oxidase Homo sapiens 35-38 9766529-8 1998 These results lead to a working hypothesis that arsenite-induced apoptosis is triggered by the generation of hydrogen peroxide through activation of flavoprotein-dependent superoxide-producing enzymes (such as NADPH oxidase), and hydrogen peroxide might play a role as a mediator to induce apoptosis through release of cytochrome c to cytosol, activation of CPP32 protease, and PARP degradation. Superoxides 172-182 collagen type XI alpha 2 chain Homo sapiens 378-382 9773743-11 1998 The apparently paradoxical increase in MnSOD expression may be an adaptive response to increased superoxide generation. Superoxides 97-107 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 39-44 9722512-5 1998 This was confirmed since the sod1 mutant could be made more resistant by treatment with the superoxide anion scavenger MnCl2, or by freezing in the absence of oxygen, or by the generation of a rho0 petite. Superoxides 92-108 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 29-33 9779342-4 1998 G-CSF and GM-CSF have been shown to both enhance neonatal neutrophil superoxide production in vitro and to increase circulating neutrophil numbers through expansion of the NSP in the BM in neonatal rats and humans. Superoxides 69-79 colony stimulating factor 3 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 9741582-10 1998 Increased steady state [O2.-] in the presence of .NO yields ONOO , and ONOO has direct, stimulatory effects on MnSOD transcript expression. Superoxides 24-26 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 111-116 9738658-6 1998 We report that a new family of elastase inhibitors ICI200355 and ZD0892 was found to be resistant toward superoxide, hypochlorous acid, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, and peroxynitrite mediated degradation as well as having no effect on the formation of these oxidants by activated neutrophils. Superoxides 105-115 elastase, neutrophil expressed Homo sapiens 31-39 9756092-11 1998 Thus, Ang II acting on AT1 receptors stimulates superoxide generation, which, in turn, induces expression of P-selectin on the endothelial cell surface. Superoxides 48-58 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 23-26 9700139-2 1998 In this study we investigated the immunoreactivity of two important superoxide radical scavenging intracellular antioxidant enzymes, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and copperzinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), in pulmonary sarcoidosis and extrinsic allergic alveolitis. Superoxides 68-86 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 133-163 9700139-2 1998 In this study we investigated the immunoreactivity of two important superoxide radical scavenging intracellular antioxidant enzymes, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and copperzinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), in pulmonary sarcoidosis and extrinsic allergic alveolitis. Superoxides 68-86 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 165-170 9647744-0 1998 Superoxide production in human neutrophils: evidence for signal redundancy and the involvement of more than one PKC isoenzyme class. Superoxides 0-10 protein kinase C beta Homo sapiens 112-115 9624128-1 1998 The superoxide generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes consists, in resting cells, of a membrane-associated electron transporting flavocytochrome (cytochrome b559) and four cytosolic proteins as follows: p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase, Rac(1 or 2). Superoxides 4-14 interleukin 9 Homo sapiens 225-228 9645377-6 1998 Further studies on neutrophils show that engagement of CD31 results in down-regulation of CD62L and up-regulation of CD11b/CD18 as well as oxidative burst, as assessed by superoxide release. Superoxides 171-181 platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 55-59 9510208-1 1998 Nitric oxide (NO) is produced by inducible NO synthase (iNOS) after LPS stimulation, and reacts with superoxide to form peroxynitrite. Superoxides 101-111 nitric oxide synthase 2 Canis lupus familiaris 56-60 9500517-10 1998 Enzymatically active as well as PMSF-blocked conventionally purified proteinase 3 interfered with phorbol myristate acetate-induced superoxide release. Superoxides 132-142 proteinase 3 Homo sapiens 69-81 9495817-5 1998 We confirmed that superoxide anion radical (O2-) generated from hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase reaction decreases calmodulin content and increases 45Ca2+ efflux from the heavy fraction of canine cardiac SR vesicles; hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase also decreases Ca2+ free within the intravesicular space of the SR with no effect on Ca2+-ATPase activity. Superoxides 18-42 calmodulin-2 Canis lupus familiaris 113-123 9532611-0 1998 TRK-530 inhibits accumulation of superoxide anions derived from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and bone resorption induced by activated osteoclasts. Superoxides 33-50 neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 9532611-1 1998 TRK-530, a newly synthesized bisphosphonate, was assessed for its effects on the accumulation of superoxide anions derived from human formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine-stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), and for its effects on bone resorption using a pit formation assay. Superoxides 97-114 neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 9532611-2 1998 TRK-530 concentration-dependently inhibited superoxide accumulation derived from PMN and osteoclast pit formation stimulated by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Superoxides 44-54 neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 9833171-3 1998 Stimulation of AT1 receptors is associated with endothelial dysfunction, mainly as the consequence of an increased vascular production of superoxide radicals, vasoconstriction, platelet activation, enhanced release of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, activation of immediate early genes c-fos and c-jun, myocyte hypertrophy, connective tissue formation, endothelin-1 synthesis, and activation of growth factors like PDGF and TGF-beta 1. Superoxides 138-148 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 15-18 9368191-0 1998 An inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase antagonizes superoxide generation by primed human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Superoxides 52-62 ornithine decarboxylase 1 Homo sapiens 16-39 9519816-3 1998 However, the sensitivity of HeLa cells against methylmercury was decreased by overexpression of Mn-SOD, an enzyme localized in matrix of mitochondria and which decomposes superoxide anions. Superoxides 171-188 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 96-102 12174293-3 1998 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme involved in scavenging O(2)(-). Superoxides 100-104 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 9425254-1 1997 The cytosolic proteins p47phox and p67phox, each containing two SH3 domains, are required for activation of the superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase in a cell-free system with human neutrophil membrane and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 112-122 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 35-42 9398256-0 1997 Involvement of the reductase domain of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in superoxide anion production. Superoxides 73-89 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 39-69 9398256-4 1997 Since peroxynitrite is formed by the diffusion-limited reaction between the two radical species, nitric oxide and O2.-, we employed the adrenochrome assay to examine whether nNOS was capable of producing O2.- during catalytic turnover in the presence of L-arginine. Superoxides 114-116 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 174-178 9398256-4 1997 Since peroxynitrite is formed by the diffusion-limited reaction between the two radical species, nitric oxide and O2.-, we employed the adrenochrome assay to examine whether nNOS was capable of producing O2.- during catalytic turnover in the presence of L-arginine. Superoxides 204-206 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 174-178 9398256-6 1997 We report that O2.- production by nNOS and the CYS-331 mutant is CaM-dependent and that O2.- production can be modulated by substrates and inhibitors of nNOS. Superoxides 15-17 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 34-38 9398256-6 1997 We report that O2.- production by nNOS and the CYS-331 mutant is CaM-dependent and that O2.- production can be modulated by substrates and inhibitors of nNOS. Superoxides 15-17 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 153-157 9398256-8 1997 We conclude that both the reductase and oxygenase domains of nNOS produce O2.-, but that the reductase domain is both necessary and sufficient for O2.- production. Superoxides 74-76 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 9398256-8 1997 We conclude that both the reductase and oxygenase domains of nNOS produce O2.-, but that the reductase domain is both necessary and sufficient for O2.- production. Superoxides 147-149 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 9409558-1 1997 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a mitochondrial enzyme that dismutates potentially toxic superoxide radical into hydrogen peroxide and dioxygen. Superoxides 99-117 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-30 9409558-1 1997 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a mitochondrial enzyme that dismutates potentially toxic superoxide radical into hydrogen peroxide and dioxygen. Superoxides 99-117 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 9371723-1 1997 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a mitochondrial enzyme that scavenges superoxide (O2-) ions. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 9371723-1 1997 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a mitochondrial enzyme that scavenges superoxide (O2-) ions. Superoxides 92-94 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-30 9371723-1 1997 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a mitochondrial enzyme that scavenges superoxide (O2-) ions. Superoxides 92-94 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 9464844-1 1997 Activation of the 40-kDa low-affinity receptor for IgG (Fc gammaRIIa, CD32) leads to tyrosine phosphorylation, increase of cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), and production of superoxide anions (O2-) in neutrophils (PMN). Superoxides 189-206 Fc gamma receptor IIa Homo sapiens 56-68 9464844-1 1997 Activation of the 40-kDa low-affinity receptor for IgG (Fc gammaRIIa, CD32) leads to tyrosine phosphorylation, increase of cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), and production of superoxide anions (O2-) in neutrophils (PMN). Superoxides 189-206 Fc gamma receptor IIa Homo sapiens 70-74 9464844-1 1997 Activation of the 40-kDa low-affinity receptor for IgG (Fc gammaRIIa, CD32) leads to tyrosine phosphorylation, increase of cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), and production of superoxide anions (O2-) in neutrophils (PMN). Superoxides 208-210 Fc gamma receptor IIa Homo sapiens 56-68 9464844-1 1997 Activation of the 40-kDa low-affinity receptor for IgG (Fc gammaRIIa, CD32) leads to tyrosine phosphorylation, increase of cytosolic free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i), and production of superoxide anions (O2-) in neutrophils (PMN). Superoxides 208-210 Fc gamma receptor IIa Homo sapiens 70-74 9464844-7 1997 [Ca2+]i measured with fluo-3-loaded PMN by flow cytometry and O2- production determined by lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence were inhibited by co-cross-linking of CD45 with Fc gammaRIIa in comparison to isotype control monoclonal antibody (mAb). Superoxides 62-64 Fc gamma receptor IIa Homo sapiens 177-189 9464844-8 1997 In contrast, pre-incubation with CD148 mAb 143-41 abolished O2- generation, but did not inhibit [Ca2+]i rise. Superoxides 60-62 protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type J Homo sapiens 33-38 9464844-9 1997 In summary, both clustered human RPTP, CD45 and CD148, inhibit Fc gammaRIIa-induced O2- production in PMN, but they differ in regulation of [Ca2+]i. Superoxides 84-86 protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type J Homo sapiens 48-53 9464844-9 1997 In summary, both clustered human RPTP, CD45 and CD148, inhibit Fc gammaRIIa-induced O2- production in PMN, but they differ in regulation of [Ca2+]i. Superoxides 84-86 Fc gamma receptor IIa Homo sapiens 63-75 9365277-2 1997 Oxidase specific proteins in the cytosol, p47phox and p67phox, as well as the small GTP binding protein p21rac are important for activation of superoxide production. Superoxides 143-153 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 54-61 9550098-6 1997 Since these enzymes (EROD, CYP 1A1/2 and PROD, CYP2B1) activate polycyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic amines and aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons to their ultimate mutagenic or carcinogenic forms, and are effective in producing reactive oxygen species such as superoxide, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide, the new compound, BITN, appears to have a greater anticarcinogenic and antioxidant potential than RA and BHT. Superoxides 258-268 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily b, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 47-53 9370364-1 1997 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytic cells is a multicomponent system containing a membrane-bound flavocytochrome b and a small G protein Rac as well as cytosolic factors p67phox, p47phox and p40phox which translocate to the membrane upon activation. Superoxides 4-14 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 196-203 9327726-9 1997 These findings suggest that CYP2A5 contributes to the superoxide production and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine formation, although reactive oxygen species from an unknown source in the hepatocytes leading to CYP2A5 induction or coincidental occurrence of these events are also possibilities. Superoxides 54-64 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily a, polypeptide 5 Mus musculus 28-34 9568547-3 1997 Superoxide anions (O2-) release and adherence to fibronectin-coated plastic plates induced by platelet-activating factor (PAF), interleukin-5 (IL-5), leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), as well as degranulation induced by C5a and formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine (FMLP), in the presence of cytochalasin B (CB) were studied. Superoxides 0-17 interleukin 5 Homo sapiens 128-141 9568547-3 1997 Superoxide anions (O2-) release and adherence to fibronectin-coated plastic plates induced by platelet-activating factor (PAF), interleukin-5 (IL-5), leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), as well as degranulation induced by C5a and formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine (FMLP), in the presence of cytochalasin B (CB) were studied. Superoxides 0-17 interleukin 5 Homo sapiens 143-147 9568547-4 1997 In the concentration range 10(-8)-10(-5) M, the drug inhibited PAF- and IL-5-induced O2- release, with an IC50 values of 3.2 +/- 1.2 x 10(-7) M and 2.2 +/- 0.4 x 10(-6) M, respectively, Superoxide anion release by LTB4 was only modestly inhibited while that due to PMA was completely unaffected. Superoxides 85-87 interleukin 5 Homo sapiens 72-76 9568547-4 1997 In the concentration range 10(-8)-10(-5) M, the drug inhibited PAF- and IL-5-induced O2- release, with an IC50 values of 3.2 +/- 1.2 x 10(-7) M and 2.2 +/- 0.4 x 10(-6) M, respectively, Superoxide anion release by LTB4 was only modestly inhibited while that due to PMA was completely unaffected. Superoxides 186-202 interleukin 5 Homo sapiens 72-76 9211432-4 1997 Addition of NADPH to viable populations of motile spermatozoa induced a sudden dose-dependent increase in the rate of superoxide generation via mechanisms that could not be disrupted by inhibitors of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (antimycin A, rotenone, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone [CCCP], and sodium azide), diaphorase (dicoumarol) xanthine oxidase (allopurinol), or lactic acid dehydrogenase (sodium oxamate). Superoxides 118-128 dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 335-345 9182988-0 1997 NADH oxidase activity of human xanthine oxidoreductase--generation of superoxide anion. Superoxides 70-86 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 31-54 9223231-7 1997 Production of superoxide radicals measured by the cytochrome c reduction assay was lowered by danofloxacin, penicillin and chloramphenicol. Superoxides 14-24 LOC104968582 Bos taurus 50-62 9087605-6 1997 Cross-linking of canine neutrophil L-selectin using anti-L-selectin antibody induced a rapid and transient increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels and superoxide anion generation that were dependent on the extent of L-selectin cross-linking. Superoxides 149-165 selectin L Canis lupus familiaris 35-45 9087605-6 1997 Cross-linking of canine neutrophil L-selectin using anti-L-selectin antibody induced a rapid and transient increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels and superoxide anion generation that were dependent on the extent of L-selectin cross-linking. Superoxides 149-165 selectin L Canis lupus familiaris 57-67 9087605-6 1997 Cross-linking of canine neutrophil L-selectin using anti-L-selectin antibody induced a rapid and transient increase in intracellular Ca2+ levels and superoxide anion generation that were dependent on the extent of L-selectin cross-linking. Superoxides 149-165 selectin L Canis lupus familiaris 57-67 9067545-6 1997 Overexpression of MnSOD led to a significant decrease in c-jun and c-fos expression in response to treatment with TPA or the oxidant promoter superoxide. Superoxides 142-152 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 18-23 9024144-14 1997 Increased vascular .O2- may contribute to vascular disease in high renin/angiotensin II states. Superoxides 20-22 renin Rattus norvegicus 67-72 9255350-10 1997 These results indicate that activated Rac, and particularly Rac2, can regulate superoxide production by NADPH oxidase of phagocytic cells through direct interaction with p67phox subunit. Superoxides 79-89 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 170-177 9044471-9 1997 The cellular O2- production of freshly isolated PMN was significantly (p < 0.05, comparisons 0 vs. > or = 10(-7) M) reduced with fenoterol and isoproterenol at concentrations > or = 10(-7) M. Propranolol had no inhibitory effect on antioxidant properties of beta(2)-agonists. Superoxides 13-15 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2 Homo sapiens 267-273 8930166-2 1996 The following agents inhibited phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated O2- generation significantly in the all-trans retinoic acid-treated HL-60 cells (expressed as percentage of control, P < .05): 1) PKC inhibitors: staurosporine (100 nM, 3 +/- 1%); Ro 31-8220 (1 microM, 3 +/- 2%); sphingosine (100 microM, 15 +/- 7%); 2) PSP 1 and 2a inhibitors, okadaic acid (10 microM, 35 +/- 1%); calyculin A (10 microM, 73 +/- 1%); 3) MAPK inhibitor: SB-203580 (100 microM, 62 +/- 1%); 4) PTP inhibitors: phenylarsine oxide (1 microM, 12 +/- 9%); diamide (1 mM, 21 +/- 11%); and 5) secretory phospholipase A2 inhibitors: manoalide (1 microM, 24 +/- 10%); scalaradial (1 microM, 11 +/- 4%). Superoxides 74-76 protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type U Homo sapiens 485-488 8879231-6 1996 When TNF-alpha-primed neutrophils were stimulated by anti-PR3 antibodies, superoxide and elastase secretion was provoked in the absence of lipid mediator generation. Superoxides 74-84 proteinase 3 Homo sapiens 58-61 8764104-1 1996 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a superoxide anion scavenger located in mitochondria. Superoxides 44-60 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-30 8764104-1 1996 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a superoxide anion scavenger located in mitochondria. Superoxides 44-60 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 8755643-8 1996 However, the observed superoxide production rates are modulated by the variant induction of MnSOD which decreases the rates, sometimes below those seen in control fibroblast mitochondria. Superoxides 22-32 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 92-97 8843443-5 1996 In addition, the glr1 mutant strain was unaffected in the inducible adaptive response to hydrogen peroxide, but showed increased sensitivity to oxidants including both peroxides and superoxide, indicating a requirement for GLR in protection against oxidative stress. Superoxides 182-192 glutathione-disulfide reductase GLR1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 17-21 8829220-1 1996 Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase (XDH, EC 1.1.1.204, XO, EC 1.2.3.2) produces uric acid, and in the oxidase form also generates the free radical superoxide. Superoxides 143-153 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-30 8829220-1 1996 Xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase (XDH, EC 1.1.1.204, XO, EC 1.2.3.2) produces uric acid, and in the oxidase form also generates the free radical superoxide. Superoxides 143-153 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 32-35 8692893-1 1996 Besides synthesizing nitric oxide (NO), purified neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) can produce superoxide (.O2-) at lower L-Arg concentrations. Superoxides 89-99 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 71-75 8692893-1 1996 Besides synthesizing nitric oxide (NO), purified neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) can produce superoxide (.O2-) at lower L-Arg concentrations. Superoxides 102-104 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 71-75 8692893-2 1996 By using electron paramagnetic resonance spin-trapping techniques, we monitored NO and .O2- formation in nNOS-transfected human kidney 293 cells. Superoxides 88-90 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 105-109 8679714-2 1996 Activation of the superoxide-generating NADPH-oxidase in phagocytic cells requires the assembly of a membrane-bound flavocytochrome b and cytosolic factors p47phox and p67phox under the control of the GTP-binding protein, Rac. Superoxides 18-28 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 168-175 8727074-7 1996 Superoxide production was enhanced to the greatest degree by IFN-gamma, followed by IFN-beta and then IFN-gamma. Superoxides 0-10 interferon beta 1 Homo sapiens 84-92 21594386-2 1996 The known function of MnSOD is to remove superoxide radicals generated in the mitochondria. Superoxides 41-51 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 22-27 8628756-6 1996 Superoxide anion attained a level of 76 microM as determined by the superoxide dismutase (SOD)-dependent increase in hydrogen peroxide formation and of 52 microM by the SOD-inhibitable reduction of cytochrome c. Superoxides 0-16 LOC104968582 Bos taurus 198-210 8605177-9 1996 Rapid inactivation of Ile58Thr MnSOD at the elevated temperatures associated with fever and inflammation could provide an early advantage by killing infected cells, but also would increase superoxide-mediated oxidative damage and perhaps contribute to late-onset diseases. Superoxides 189-199 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 31-36 8901022-6 1996 An IP3 receptor antagonist, heparin, reduced both the substance P-induced O2- production and the transient increase in [Ca2+]i without any significant effects on the sustained increase in [Ca2+]i. Superoxides 74-76 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 Homo sapiens 3-15 8602839-1 1996 Human manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a nuclear encoded mitochondrial protein that scavenges potentially toxic superoxide radicals by dismuting O2- to O2 plus H2O2. Superoxides 27-37 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 49-54 8602839-1 1996 Human manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a nuclear encoded mitochondrial protein that scavenges potentially toxic superoxide radicals by dismuting O2- to O2 plus H2O2. Superoxides 165-167 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 6-47 8602839-1 1996 Human manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a nuclear encoded mitochondrial protein that scavenges potentially toxic superoxide radicals by dismuting O2- to O2 plus H2O2. Superoxides 165-167 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 49-54 8602839-1 1996 Human manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a nuclear encoded mitochondrial protein that scavenges potentially toxic superoxide radicals by dismuting O2- to O2 plus H2O2. Superoxides 172-174 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 6-47 8602839-1 1996 Human manganese-containing superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a nuclear encoded mitochondrial protein that scavenges potentially toxic superoxide radicals by dismuting O2- to O2 plus H2O2. Superoxides 172-174 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 49-54 8602757-1 1996 Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are metalloenzymes that detoxify superoxide radicals, and occur in cytosolic (Cu,Zn-SOD) and mitochondrial (Mn-SOD) forms in multiple tissues, including brain. Superoxides 62-72 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 137-143 8616950-0 1996 Monocyte superoxide generation and its IgA-receptor in IgA nephropathy. Superoxides 9-19 IGAN1 Homo sapiens 55-70 8616950-1 1996 Recent studies indicated that polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) were primed to produce superoxide (O2-) in various types of glomerulonephritis with a particular importance in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Superoxides 89-99 IGAN1 Homo sapiens 177-192 8616950-1 1996 Recent studies indicated that polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) were primed to produce superoxide (O2-) in various types of glomerulonephritis with a particular importance in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Superoxides 101-104 IGAN1 Homo sapiens 177-192 8616950-1 1996 Recent studies indicated that polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) were primed to produce superoxide (O2-) in various types of glomerulonephritis with a particular importance in IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Superoxides 101-104 IGAN1 Homo sapiens 194-198 8616950-3 1996 Similar to PMNL, monocytes obtained from IgA nephropathy (IgAN) seemed to be primed both non-specifically and specifically, as increased O2- generation was observed to N-formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine (FMLP) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), as well as IgA aggregates stimulants, respectively. Superoxides 137-139 IGAN1 Homo sapiens 41-56 8616950-3 1996 Similar to PMNL, monocytes obtained from IgA nephropathy (IgAN) seemed to be primed both non-specifically and specifically, as increased O2- generation was observed to N-formyl methionyl leucyl phenylalanine (FMLP) and phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), as well as IgA aggregates stimulants, respectively. Superoxides 137-139 IGAN1 Homo sapiens 58-62 8616950-6 1996 Comparing with the previous literature on PMNL, inflammation-related substances such as cytokines/immune complexes, particularly IgA immune complexes which present in the circulation of IgAN, can prime the phagocytic cells in the circulation for a burst of O2- generation to a second stimulus. Superoxides 257-259 IGAN1 Homo sapiens 186-190 8675493-2 1996 Superoxide anion generation by 100 microl of blood in patients with asthma and/or COPD was significantly greater than that in normal subjects [asthma: 5684 +/- 253 chemiluminescence (CL); COPD: 4994 +/- 240 CL; normal: 2543 +/- 213CL]. Superoxides 0-16 COPD Homo sapiens 82-86 8675493-2 1996 Superoxide anion generation by 100 microl of blood in patients with asthma and/or COPD was significantly greater than that in normal subjects [asthma: 5684 +/- 253 chemiluminescence (CL); COPD: 4994 +/- 240 CL; normal: 2543 +/- 213CL]. Superoxides 0-16 COPD Homo sapiens 188-192 8675493-3 1996 This is consistent with the increased superoxide generation per leukocyte (PMN) in these patients (Asthma: 1.56 +/- 0.08 CL/PMN; COPD: 1.31 +/- 0.08 CL/PMN; normal: 0.83 +/- 0.07 CL/PMN. Superoxides 38-48 COPD Homo sapiens 129-133 8675493-4 1996 However, spontaneous production of superoxide by individual PMNs was increased only in asthmatic patients, compared with that in normal subjects (Asthma: 0.14 +/- 0.02 CL/PMN; COPD: 0.07 +/- 0.01 CL/PMN; normal: 0.07 +/- 0.01 CL/PMN. Superoxides 35-45 COPD Homo sapiens 176-180 8569197-1 1996 Xanthine dehydrogenase/xanthine oxidase (XDH/XO) is a major cytoplasmic source of superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide, and it is considered important in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion damage. Superoxides 82-92 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-22 8569197-1 1996 Xanthine dehydrogenase/xanthine oxidase (XDH/XO) is a major cytoplasmic source of superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide, and it is considered important in the pathogenesis of ischemia-reperfusion damage. Superoxides 82-92 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 41-47 8680723-21 1995 Of the two PKA inhibitors tested, H-89 (10 microM) and Rp cyclic AMPS (10 microM), the more effective inhibitor of PGE2-induced inhibition of neutrophil superoxide anion generation was H-89 (EC50s for PGE2 were 0.36 +/- 0.1 and > 10 microM, respectively). Superoxides 153-169 adenylosuccinate lyase Homo sapiens 65-69 8682024-1 1995 Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor is a potent activator of mature granulocytes, and subsequently enhances superoxide release. Superoxides 110-120 colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte) Mus musculus 0-37 8682024-4 1995 Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 20 micrograms.kg-1.day-1, polyethylene glycol-conjugated superoxide dismutase (an enzyme catalyzing the conversion of O2- to H2(O2)) 1 x 10(3) U.kg-1.day-1 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 20 micrograms.kg-1.day-1, plus polyethylene glycol-conjugated superoxide dismutase 1 x 10(3) U. kg-1. Superoxides 156-158 colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte) Mus musculus 0-37 8682024-4 1995 Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 20 micrograms.kg-1.day-1, polyethylene glycol-conjugated superoxide dismutase (an enzyme catalyzing the conversion of O2- to H2(O2)) 1 x 10(3) U.kg-1.day-1 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 20 micrograms.kg-1.day-1, plus polyethylene glycol-conjugated superoxide dismutase 1 x 10(3) U. kg-1. Superoxides 156-158 colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte) Mus musculus 198-235 8682024-4 1995 Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 20 micrograms.kg-1.day-1, polyethylene glycol-conjugated superoxide dismutase (an enzyme catalyzing the conversion of O2- to H2(O2)) 1 x 10(3) U.kg-1.day-1 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 20 micrograms.kg-1.day-1, plus polyethylene glycol-conjugated superoxide dismutase 1 x 10(3) U. kg-1. Superoxides 166-168 colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte) Mus musculus 0-37 8682024-4 1995 Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 20 micrograms.kg-1.day-1, polyethylene glycol-conjugated superoxide dismutase (an enzyme catalyzing the conversion of O2- to H2(O2)) 1 x 10(3) U.kg-1.day-1 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor 20 micrograms.kg-1.day-1, plus polyethylene glycol-conjugated superoxide dismutase 1 x 10(3) U. kg-1. Superoxides 166-168 colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte) Mus musculus 198-235 7578122-2 1995 Zn2+ blocks NADPH-dependent reduction of heme iron in nNOS and also blocks the calmodulin-dependent superoxide-mediated cytochrome c reductase activity exhibited by nNOS. Superoxides 100-110 nitric oxide synthase 1 Homo sapiens 165-169 7499207-2 1995 Monoclonal antibodies to the alpha L beta 2 integrin inhibit the binding of type I collagen to PMN (polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes) as well as the subsequent stimulation of superoxide production and enzyme secretion-elicited by this collagen. Superoxides 182-192 potassium calcium-activated channel subfamily M regulatory beta subunit 2 Homo sapiens 37-43 8655292-6 1995 In addition, it is unlikely that the O2(-)-induced chemotactic response is due to soluble HIV-1 proteins from infected cells or to amplified expression levels of cell surface functional molecules such as CD4 and LFA-1 (CD11a and CD18) as well as HIV-1 Env gp120 on uninfected and/or infected cells. Superoxides 37-40 Envelope surface glycoprotein gp160, precursor Human immunodeficiency virus 1 256-261 8538587-4 1995 In every group, the changes of TNF activity showed the similar pattern to those of O2- production. Superoxides 83-85 tumor necrosis factor-like Rattus norvegicus 31-34 8580367-8 1995 MnSOD acts as a scaveneger of toxic superoxide radicals and its induction by TNF paralleled arachidonic acid release. Superoxides 36-46 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-5 7543523-8 1995 Using amounts of proMBP determined to be optimal for MBP activity, it was shown that proMBP not only lacked the ability to inhibit protein synthesis in K562 cells, but it also lacked the ability to stimulate basophil histamine release or generate neutrophil superoxide anion release. Superoxides 258-274 proteoglycan 2, pro eosinophil major basic protein Homo sapiens 85-91 7543523-9 1995 Furthermore, proMBP inhibited in a dose-responsive manner the basophil histamine release and superoxide anion generation stimulated by MBP. Superoxides 93-109 proteoglycan 2, pro eosinophil major basic protein Homo sapiens 13-19 7543523-9 1995 Furthermore, proMBP inhibited in a dose-responsive manner the basophil histamine release and superoxide anion generation stimulated by MBP. Superoxides 93-109 myelin basic protein Cricetulus griseus 16-19 7622845-1 1995 Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD), mitochondrial enzyme, defends against the toxic effects of superoxide radical (O2.-) in pathological processes by catalyzing the conversion of O2.- to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 100-118 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-30 7622845-1 1995 Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD), mitochondrial enzyme, defends against the toxic effects of superoxide radical (O2.-) in pathological processes by catalyzing the conversion of O2.- to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 100-118 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-38 7622845-1 1995 Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD), mitochondrial enzyme, defends against the toxic effects of superoxide radical (O2.-) in pathological processes by catalyzing the conversion of O2.- to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 120-122 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-30 7622845-1 1995 Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD), mitochondrial enzyme, defends against the toxic effects of superoxide radical (O2.-) in pathological processes by catalyzing the conversion of O2.- to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 120-122 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-38 7622845-1 1995 Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD), mitochondrial enzyme, defends against the toxic effects of superoxide radical (O2.-) in pathological processes by catalyzing the conversion of O2.- to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 184-186 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-30 7622845-1 1995 Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn SOD), mitochondrial enzyme, defends against the toxic effects of superoxide radical (O2.-) in pathological processes by catalyzing the conversion of O2.- to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 184-186 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-38 8775911-8 1995 The superoxide radical-SOD system might play an important role in ovulation and in the luteal function of the human ovary. Superoxides 4-14 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 23-26 7616102-1 1995 Cytosolic components of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase (p47phox, p67phox, and Rac2) translocate to the plasma membrane on cell activation where they interact with a membrane-bound cytochrome b to generate superoxide anion. Superoxides 202-218 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 62-69 7474549-4 1995 Analysis by electron spin resonance spectrometry indicated that NPH4 scavenged superoxide anion radicals and hydroxyl radicals as well. Superoxides 79-104 neurexophilin 4 Rattus norvegicus 64-68 7543075-3 1995 The results demonstrate that CD14 mediates the priming of neutrophil superoxide release by LPS both in the presence and in the absence of serum. Superoxides 69-79 CD14 molecule Homo sapiens 29-33 7599209-5 1995 MnSOD, identified as one of the protective proteins, is a mitochondrial enzyme that scavenges superoxide radicals (O2-). Superoxides 94-104 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-5 7599209-5 1995 MnSOD, identified as one of the protective proteins, is a mitochondrial enzyme that scavenges superoxide radicals (O2-). Superoxides 115-117 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-5 7744754-11 1995 Interestingly, mutants of p47phox unable to bind to p67phox were fully capable of supporting superoxide production under cell-free activation conditions. Superoxides 93-103 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 52-59 7738010-3 1995 Rac1 also activates superoxide production by the components (cytochrome b, p40phox, p67phox, and p47phox) of the neutrophil oxidase. Superoxides 20-30 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 84-91 7757201-0 1995 Reactions of bovine liver catalase with superoxide radicals and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 40-50 catalase Bos taurus 26-34 7757201-1 1995 The oxidized intermediates generated upon exposure of bovine liver catalase to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide radical (O2-) fluxes were examined with UV-visible spectrophotometry. Superoxides 108-126 catalase Bos taurus 67-75 7757201-1 1995 The oxidized intermediates generated upon exposure of bovine liver catalase to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide radical (O2-) fluxes were examined with UV-visible spectrophotometry. Superoxides 100-102 catalase Bos taurus 67-75 7757201-3 1995 Serial overlay of absorption spectra in the Soret (350-450 nm) and visible (450-700 nm) regions showed that three oxidized intermediates, namely Compounds I, II and III, can be observed upon exposure of catalase to enzymatically generated H2O2 and O2-. Superoxides 241-243 catalase Bos taurus 203-211 7757201-4 1995 Compound I is formed during the reaction of native enzyme with H2O2 and disappears in two ways: (i) via the catalytic reaction with H2O2 to restore native catalase and (ii) via the reaction with O2- to form Compound II. Superoxides 65-67 catalase Bos taurus 155-163 7531746-5 1995 Superoxide production of PBNs stimulated with fMLP in vitro was lower in G-CSF-treated rats than in control rats but higher than in the controls when PENs were used. Superoxides 0-10 colony stimulating factor 3 Rattus norvegicus 73-78 7751055-6 1995 We also found that IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha stimulated the release of bioactive TGF-beta and that treatment of microglial cell cultures with TGF-beta antagonized the priming effects of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha on O2- production. Superoxides 211-213 transforming growth factor, beta 1 Mus musculus 140-148 7982999-2 1994 When the neutrophil NADPH oxidase is activated to generate superoxide, the cytosolic components, p47phox, p67phox, and the GTP-binding protein Rac, become stably associated with the plasma membrane. Superoxides 59-69 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 106-113 7705297-3 1994 Oxidase-catalyzed univalent reduction of O2 (S = 1; triplet multiplicity) yields hydrodioxylic acid (HO2) and its conjugate base superoxide, O2- (S = 1/2; doublet multiplicity). Superoxides 129-139 heme oxygenase 2 Homo sapiens 101-104 7702755-1 1994 Human manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is one of the major cellular defense enzymes that protects against toxic effects of superoxide radicals. Superoxides 16-26 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 38-43 7964476-5 1994 In vitro, the autoantibodies were shown to inhibit the dismutation of superoxide radicals by blocking MnSOD. Superoxides 70-80 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 102-107 8077189-10 1994 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is thought to be the sole enzymic scavenger of superoxide in mammalian mitochondria. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 7943250-0 1994 Concurrent generation of nitric oxide and superoxide damages surfactant protein A. Superoxides 42-52 surfactant protein A1 Homo sapiens 61-81 7943250-3 1994 The simultaneous generation of .NO and superoxide by 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1, 0.1-2 mM) resulted in oxidation of dihydrorhodamine, a marker of peroxynitrite production, and a dose-dependent decrease in the ability of SP-A to enhance lipid aggregation. Superoxides 39-49 surfactant protein A1 Homo sapiens 224-228 7943255-5 1994 Treatment with TNF resulted in 1) pulmonary arterial endothelial PKC activation, 2) increased lung polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) sequestration, 3) increased levels of superoxide radical (O2.) Superoxides 172-190 tumor necrosis factor Cavia porcellus 15-18 7943255-5 1994 Treatment with TNF resulted in 1) pulmonary arterial endothelial PKC activation, 2) increased lung polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) sequestration, 3) increased levels of superoxide radical (O2.) Superoxides 192-194 tumor necrosis factor Cavia porcellus 15-18 7943255-7 1994 Intraperitoneal treatment with calphostin C (3 microM, 15 min prior to treatment with TNF) prevented the effects of TNF on 1) PKC activation, 2) the hemodynamic responses to U-46619, and 3) the levels of NO2- and O2(.). Superoxides 205-207 tumor necrosis factor Cavia porcellus 116-119 7943255-9 1994 The data suggest that PKC activation mediates TNF-induced 1) increases in O2., 2) decreases in NO2-, and 3) increases in vasoreactivity and edema in response to U-46619. Superoxides 74-76 tumor necrosis factor Cavia porcellus 46-49 7802603-0 1994 [Interleukin-5-induced generation of superoxide by eosinophils in asthma]. Superoxides 37-47 interleukin 5 Homo sapiens 1-14 7802603-6 1994 Eosinophils generated superoxide in response to IL-3 and IL-5 (maximum concentration was 50 ng/ml), but neutrophils did not. Superoxides 22-32 interleukin 5 Homo sapiens 57-61 7802603-7 1994 IL-5-induced superoxide generation was lower in the presence of IL-5 antibodies. Superoxides 13-23 interleukin 5 Homo sapiens 0-4 7802603-7 1994 IL-5-induced superoxide generation was lower in the presence of IL-5 antibodies. Superoxides 13-23 interleukin 5 Homo sapiens 64-68 7802603-10 1994 After stimulation with the optimal concentration of IL-5 or PMA, eosinophils with a lower density generated significantly more superoxide than those with a higher density. Superoxides 127-137 interleukin 5 Homo sapiens 52-56 7981784-1 1994 In BHK-21 cells (baby hamster kidney fibroblasts) cellularly generated active oxygen species such as hydrogen peroxide and superoxide appear to be important growth regulatory signals as judged from the growth inhibitory effects of catalase, superoxide dismutase and superoxide dismutase mimics. Superoxides 123-133 catalase Mesocricetus auratus 231-239 7963812-2 1994 A 30-min/37 degrees C exposure to menadione, a compound which redox cycles to produce superoxide anion radicals and hydrogen peroxide, resulted in rapid accumulation of hsc70 mRNA. Superoxides 86-111 heat shock cognate 71 kDa protein Cricetulus griseus 169-174 7798166-7 1994 Although xanthine dehydrogenase can produce greater amounts of superoxide anion than xanthine oxidase during xanthine-oxygen turnover, it seems to be physiologically insignificant because NAD inhibits almost completely the formation of superoxide anion. Superoxides 63-79 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 9-31 7522176-6 1994 Both, the oxygen burst resulting in the generation of superoxide anions and the degranulation of polymorphonuclear neutrophils accompanied by release of the lysosomal enzyme beta-glucuronidase, were significantly and dose dependently inhibited. Superoxides 54-71 glucuronidase beta Homo sapiens 174-192 8187280-3 1994 Treatment of vascular smooth muscle cells with Ang II for 4 to 6 hours caused a 2.7 +/- 0.4-fold increase in intracellular superoxide anion formation as detected by lucigenin assay. Superoxides 123-139 angiogenin Homo sapiens 47-50 8196290-9 1994 IgA aggregates/immune complexes may contribute to the immunopathogenesis of IgAN through augmenting the Fc alpha receptor-mediated generation of superoxide anion. Superoxides 145-161 IGAN1 Homo sapiens 76-80 8304479-12 1994 In summary, Ca2+ derived from extracellular sources promoted superoxide radical production and renal cell injury by a calmodulin-dependent conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase, a major source of oxygen free radicals during H/R. Superoxides 61-79 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 153-175 7510873-3 1994 Short-term pretreatment (15 min) of GSD 1b neutrophils with G-CSF increased the rate of O2- production (p < 0.01); however, this rate was still significantly below the rate of O2- production in control neutrophils. Superoxides 88-90 solute carrier family 37 member 4 Homo sapiens 36-42 7510873-3 1994 Short-term pretreatment (15 min) of GSD 1b neutrophils with G-CSF increased the rate of O2- production (p < 0.01); however, this rate was still significantly below the rate of O2- production in control neutrophils. Superoxides 179-181 solute carrier family 37 member 4 Homo sapiens 36-42 7509102-1 1993 The intracellular localization of Cu/Zn- and Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), which catalyze the dismutation of superoxide radicals (O2-) to O2 and H2O2, was studied in the thyroid tissue of various thyroid disorders by an immunohistochemical technique. Superoxides 110-129 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 45-68 7509102-1 1993 The intracellular localization of Cu/Zn- and Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), which catalyze the dismutation of superoxide radicals (O2-) to O2 and H2O2, was studied in the thyroid tissue of various thyroid disorders by an immunohistochemical technique. Superoxides 110-129 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 70-73 7509102-1 1993 The intracellular localization of Cu/Zn- and Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), which catalyze the dismutation of superoxide radicals (O2-) to O2 and H2O2, was studied in the thyroid tissue of various thyroid disorders by an immunohistochemical technique. Superoxides 131-133 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 45-68 7509102-1 1993 The intracellular localization of Cu/Zn- and Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), which catalyze the dismutation of superoxide radicals (O2-) to O2 and H2O2, was studied in the thyroid tissue of various thyroid disorders by an immunohistochemical technique. Superoxides 131-133 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 70-73 7509102-1 1993 The intracellular localization of Cu/Zn- and Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), which catalyze the dismutation of superoxide radicals (O2-) to O2 and H2O2, was studied in the thyroid tissue of various thyroid disorders by an immunohistochemical technique. Superoxides 139-141 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 45-68 7509102-1 1993 The intracellular localization of Cu/Zn- and Mn-superoxide dismutase (SOD), which catalyze the dismutation of superoxide radicals (O2-) to O2 and H2O2, was studied in the thyroid tissue of various thyroid disorders by an immunohistochemical technique. Superoxides 139-141 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 70-73 7915978-3 1993 Since beta cells contain low amounts of the superoxide radical scavenger enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), this may leave beta cells more susceptible to IL-1 than other cell types. Superoxides 44-54 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 112-117 8305740-6 1993 The effect of p190 on superoxide (O2-) formation was reversed by the addition of a constitutively GTP-bound Rac2 mutant or Rac1-GTP gamma S but not by RhoA-GTP gamma S. Addition of p190 to an activated oxidase produced no inhibitory effect, suggesting either that p190 no longer has access to Rac in the assembled oxidase or that Rac-GTP is not required for activity once O2- generation has been initiated. Superoxides 22-32 contactin associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 14-18 8305740-6 1993 The effect of p190 on superoxide (O2-) formation was reversed by the addition of a constitutively GTP-bound Rac2 mutant or Rac1-GTP gamma S but not by RhoA-GTP gamma S. Addition of p190 to an activated oxidase produced no inhibitory effect, suggesting either that p190 no longer has access to Rac in the assembled oxidase or that Rac-GTP is not required for activity once O2- generation has been initiated. Superoxides 22-32 contactin associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 181-185 8305740-6 1993 The effect of p190 on superoxide (O2-) formation was reversed by the addition of a constitutively GTP-bound Rac2 mutant or Rac1-GTP gamma S but not by RhoA-GTP gamma S. Addition of p190 to an activated oxidase produced no inhibitory effect, suggesting either that p190 no longer has access to Rac in the assembled oxidase or that Rac-GTP is not required for activity once O2- generation has been initiated. Superoxides 22-32 contactin associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 181-185 8305740-6 1993 The effect of p190 on superoxide (O2-) formation was reversed by the addition of a constitutively GTP-bound Rac2 mutant or Rac1-GTP gamma S but not by RhoA-GTP gamma S. Addition of p190 to an activated oxidase produced no inhibitory effect, suggesting either that p190 no longer has access to Rac in the assembled oxidase or that Rac-GTP is not required for activity once O2- generation has been initiated. Superoxides 34-36 contactin associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 14-18 8305740-6 1993 The effect of p190 on superoxide (O2-) formation was reversed by the addition of a constitutively GTP-bound Rac2 mutant or Rac1-GTP gamma S but not by RhoA-GTP gamma S. Addition of p190 to an activated oxidase produced no inhibitory effect, suggesting either that p190 no longer has access to Rac in the assembled oxidase or that Rac-GTP is not required for activity once O2- generation has been initiated. Superoxides 34-36 contactin associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 181-185 8305740-6 1993 The effect of p190 on superoxide (O2-) formation was reversed by the addition of a constitutively GTP-bound Rac2 mutant or Rac1-GTP gamma S but not by RhoA-GTP gamma S. Addition of p190 to an activated oxidase produced no inhibitory effect, suggesting either that p190 no longer has access to Rac in the assembled oxidase or that Rac-GTP is not required for activity once O2- generation has been initiated. Superoxides 34-36 contactin associated protein 1 Homo sapiens 181-185 8403496-5 1993 On the other hand, MoAbs against Fc gamma RI, Fc gamma RII and especially CR3 could also induce superoxide anion synthesis. Superoxides 96-112 teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1 pseudogene 3 Homo sapiens 74-77 8403496-6 1993 At the same time, superoxide generation induced by anti-CR3 could be inhibited with C3-coated yeast. Superoxides 18-28 teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1 pseudogene 3 Homo sapiens 56-59 8262554-1 1993 Involvement of protein kinase C. The peptides neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY) at concentrations from 10(-12) M to 10(-8) M have been shown in this study to stimulate significantly, in vitro, several functions of resting peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice: adherence to substrate, chemotaxis, ingestion of inert particles (latex beads) and foreign cells (Candida albicans), and production of superoxide anion measured by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction. Superoxides 406-422 neuropeptide Y Mus musculus 46-60 8262554-1 1993 Involvement of protein kinase C. The peptides neuropeptide Y (NPY) and peptide YY (PYY) at concentrations from 10(-12) M to 10(-8) M have been shown in this study to stimulate significantly, in vitro, several functions of resting peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice: adherence to substrate, chemotaxis, ingestion of inert particles (latex beads) and foreign cells (Candida albicans), and production of superoxide anion measured by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction. Superoxides 406-422 neuropeptide Y Mus musculus 62-65 8396893-3 1993 Adrenodoxin reductase alone oxidized NADPH, reducing O2 to a superoxide radical at a very low rate. Superoxides 61-79 ferredoxin reductase Homo sapiens 0-21 8227685-6 1993 Superoxide dismutases, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase within cells remove superoxide and peroxides before they react with metal catalysis to form more reactive species. Superoxides 80-90 catalase Bos taurus 51-59 8134165-4 1993 GSD 1b MDM had significantly depressed O2- generation with fMet-Leu-Phe and concanavalin A stimulation; however, unlike peripheral blood monocytes, GSD 1b MDM responded to PMA stimulation with O2- production comparable to healthy control donors. Superoxides 39-41 solute carrier family 37 member 4 Homo sapiens 0-6 8134165-4 1993 GSD 1b MDM had significantly depressed O2- generation with fMet-Leu-Phe and concanavalin A stimulation; however, unlike peripheral blood monocytes, GSD 1b MDM responded to PMA stimulation with O2- production comparable to healthy control donors. Superoxides 193-195 solute carrier family 37 member 4 Homo sapiens 148-154 8134165-6 1993 When GSD 1b MDM were cultured in the presence of IFN-gamma (1 x 10(5) U/L), O2- production in response to fMet-Leu-Phe, concanavalin A, and PMA was enhanced to rates similar to those of control MDM cultured in the presence of IFN-gamma. Superoxides 76-78 solute carrier family 37 member 4 Homo sapiens 5-11 8134165-8 1993 However, in contrast to circulating phagocytic cells, depressed O2- production in GSD 1b MDM is selective to receptor-mediated activation, but not to PMA stimulation. Superoxides 64-66 solute carrier family 37 member 4 Homo sapiens 82-88 8367458-2 1993 Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains lacking copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, which is encoded by the SOD1 gene, are sensitive to oxidative stress and exhibit a variety of growth defects including hypersensitivity to dioxygen and to superoxide-generating drugs such as paraquat. Superoxides 53-63 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 99-103 8395827-1 1993 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase system in phagocytes consists of membrane-associated cytochrome b558 and three cytosolic components named p67-phox, p47-phox, and rac p21s. Superoxides 4-14 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 146-154 7691787-7 1993 Significant augmenting effects of G-CSF on superoxide (O2-) production by TNF-stimulated neutrophils were observed. Superoxides 43-53 colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte) Mus musculus 34-39 7691787-7 1993 Significant augmenting effects of G-CSF on superoxide (O2-) production by TNF-stimulated neutrophils were observed. Superoxides 55-57 colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte) Mus musculus 34-39 8392494-9 1993 Inhibition of MnSOD activity in PMN secondary to cytokine exposure in the asthmatic lung could explain, at least in part, the increased generation of superoxide from PMN obtained from asthmatics. Superoxides 150-160 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 14-19 8396109-9 1993 A cytochrome P-450 inhibitor, SKF 525A, or the mitochondrial transport inhibitor antimycin decreased basal photoemission by approximately 50%, suggesting that cytochrome P-450-mediated reactions and perhaps mitochondrial function contribute to basal superoxide production in the isolated perfused lung. Superoxides 250-260 cytochrome P-450 Oryctolagus cuniculus 2-18 8396109-9 1993 A cytochrome P-450 inhibitor, SKF 525A, or the mitochondrial transport inhibitor antimycin decreased basal photoemission by approximately 50%, suggesting that cytochrome P-450-mediated reactions and perhaps mitochondrial function contribute to basal superoxide production in the isolated perfused lung. Superoxides 250-260 cytochrome P-450 Oryctolagus cuniculus 159-175 8096463-4 1993 Our results show that the cytokines used in this study inhibit to a certain extent the proliferation of the tumor cells and drive the cells toward a differentiation phenotype that has several characteristics in common with mononuclear phagocytes, such as the expression of CD14, phagocytosis and release of superoxide anions. Superoxides 307-324 CD14 molecule Homo sapiens 273-277 8394973-0 1993 Thyrotropin-releasing hormone enhances the superoxide anion production of rabbit peritoneal macrophages stimulated with N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine and opsonized zymosan. Superoxides 43-59 thyrotropin releasing hormone Oryctolagus cuniculus 0-29 8394973-1 1993 Effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on the superoxide anion (O2-) production, which is essential for effective microbicidal and cytotoxic activity in macrophages (M phi s), were investigated. Superoxides 54-70 thyrotropin releasing hormone Oryctolagus cuniculus 42-45 8394973-1 1993 Effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) on the superoxide anion (O2-) production, which is essential for effective microbicidal and cytotoxic activity in macrophages (M phi s), were investigated. Superoxides 72-74 thyrotropin releasing hormone Oryctolagus cuniculus 42-45 8394973-6 1993 These results indicate that TRH has the priming effect on FMLP- and OZ-induced O2- production of rabbit peritoneal M phi s, although the mechanism remains to be clarified. Superoxides 79-81 thyrotropin releasing hormone Oryctolagus cuniculus 28-31 8395629-3 1993 Biochemically, the lithospermate B also inhibits the reduction of cytochrome c by superoxide radical anion. Superoxides 82-106 cytochrome c Oryctolagus cuniculus 66-78 1336731-9 1992 The rate of superoxide anion production was measured spectrophotometrically by superoxide dismutase-inhibitable cytochrome c reduction. Superoxides 12-28 cytochrome c Felis catus 112-124 1431262-7 1992 These results and previous experiments using superoxide dismutase suggest that the increase of rCBF, ICP, and brain water content is mainly caused by superoxide or superoxide reaction products. Superoxides 45-55 CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta Rattus norvegicus 95-99 1431262-7 1992 These results and previous experiments using superoxide dismutase suggest that the increase of rCBF, ICP, and brain water content is mainly caused by superoxide or superoxide reaction products. Superoxides 150-160 CCAAT/enhancer binding protein zeta Rattus norvegicus 95-99 1468117-3 1992 Both GH and IFN-gamma primed macrophages triggered with opsonized zymosan to secrete superoxide anion (O2-) in vitro, but IFN-gamma was effective at a 40-fold lower concentration. Superoxides 85-101 gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor Rattus norvegicus 5-7 1468117-3 1992 Both GH and IFN-gamma primed macrophages triggered with opsonized zymosan to secrete superoxide anion (O2-) in vitro, but IFN-gamma was effective at a 40-fold lower concentration. Superoxides 103-105 gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor Rattus norvegicus 5-7 1328604-7 1992 Furthermore, MB induced a dose- and time-dependent generation of superoxide anion from RPASM, as evidenced from spectrophotometric determination of cytochrome c reduction. Superoxides 65-81 LOC104968582 Bos taurus 148-160 1326682-5 1992 Superoxide anion (O2-) release by macrophages in response to phorbol myristate acetate was determined by cytochrome c reduction. Superoxides 0-16 cytochrome c Oryctolagus cuniculus 105-117 1326682-5 1992 Superoxide anion (O2-) release by macrophages in response to phorbol myristate acetate was determined by cytochrome c reduction. Superoxides 18-20 cytochrome c Oryctolagus cuniculus 105-117 1333306-3 1992 A significant correlation was observed between elastase activity and superoxide release. Superoxides 69-79 elastase, neutrophil expressed Homo sapiens 47-55 1607008-5 1992 These results suggested that superoxide radicals in the ovary might play a critical role in the mechanism for hCG-induced ovulation. Superoxides 29-39 chorionic gonadotropin subunit beta 5 Homo sapiens 110-113 1316877-2 1992 Macrophages obtained from rats with intact pituitaries (pituitary-intact rats) or HX rats that were treated in vivo with either GH or the closely related hormone prolactin released elevated (P less than 0.05) levels of superoxide anion (O2-) after in vitro opsonized-zymosan stimulation compared with those from placebo-treated animals. Superoxides 219-235 gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor Rattus norvegicus 128-130 1316877-2 1992 Macrophages obtained from rats with intact pituitaries (pituitary-intact rats) or HX rats that were treated in vivo with either GH or the closely related hormone prolactin released elevated (P less than 0.05) levels of superoxide anion (O2-) after in vitro opsonized-zymosan stimulation compared with those from placebo-treated animals. Superoxides 237-239 gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor Rattus norvegicus 128-130 1316877-4 1992 In time course in vivo macrophage activation studies, both IFN-gamma and GH significantly increased O2- secretion within 24 h, with maximal secretion occurring at day 3. Superoxides 100-102 gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor Rattus norvegicus 73-75 1316877-6 1992 The mechanism of action of GH in vivo is likely to be a direct one because resident peritoneal macrophages from rats could be primed in vitro for enhanced secretion of O2- following triggering of these cells with opsonized zymosan. Superoxides 168-170 gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor Rattus norvegicus 27-29 1316893-1 1992 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase system in phagocytes consists of at least membrane-associated cytochrome b558 and three cytosolic components named SOCI/NCF-3/sigma 1/C1, SOCII/NCF-1/p47-phox, and SO-CIII/NCF-2/p67-phox. Superoxides 4-14 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 212-217 1316893-1 1992 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase system in phagocytes consists of at least membrane-associated cytochrome b558 and three cytosolic components named SOCI/NCF-3/sigma 1/C1, SOCII/NCF-1/p47-phox, and SO-CIII/NCF-2/p67-phox. Superoxides 4-14 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 218-226 1582797-1 1992 Human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) contains two genetically distinct forms of superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes that scavenge harmful superoxide anions. Superoxides 139-156 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 104-107 1325381-2 1992 Purified (Na+ + K+)-ATPase was irreversibly inhibited upon exposure to hydrogen peroxide, the superoxide anion, and the hydroxyl radical. Superoxides 94-110 dynein axonemal heavy chain 8 Homo sapiens 20-26 1312328-8 1992 Mastoparan triggered superoxide radical production in a cytochalasin B-sensitive manner and induced complement type 3 receptor (CR3) up-regulation. Superoxides 21-39 teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1 pseudogene 3 Homo sapiens 56-131 1374055-6 1992 In addition, PMN primed in vivo with rh G-CSF released more superoxide anions when stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate. Superoxides 60-77 colony stimulating factor 3 (granulocyte) Mus musculus 40-45 1311550-7 1992 Pretreatment with IL-1 or LPS significantly increased superoxide anion production, C albicans phagocytosis, and survival compared with pretreatment with phosphate-buffered solution. Superoxides 54-70 interleukin 1 complex Mus musculus 18-22 1311175-3 1992 Enzymic reactions were studied in which Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD and Fe-SOD each competed with the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline 1-oxide (DMPO) for superoxide anion (O2-) at pH 7.8 O2- from dissolved KO2 (potassium superoxide) in dimethyl sulphoxide was added directly to the enzyme solutions containing DMPO. Superoxides 146-162 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 51-57 1311175-3 1992 Enzymic reactions were studied in which Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD and Fe-SOD each competed with the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline 1-oxide (DMPO) for superoxide anion (O2-) at pH 7.8 O2- from dissolved KO2 (potassium superoxide) in dimethyl sulphoxide was added directly to the enzyme solutions containing DMPO. Superoxides 164-166 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 51-57 1311175-3 1992 Enzymic reactions were studied in which Cu,Zn-SOD, Mn-SOD and Fe-SOD each competed with the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline 1-oxide (DMPO) for superoxide anion (O2-) at pH 7.8 O2- from dissolved KO2 (potassium superoxide) in dimethyl sulphoxide was added directly to the enzyme solutions containing DMPO. Superoxides 179-181 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 51-57 1311175-4 1992 The results show that, in this competition reaction system, the kinetics of the reactions between the enzymes and O2- follow a function y = f[( SOD]0.5). Superoxides 114-116 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 144-147 1662913-3 1991 This study shows that a 30-min infusion of a nonlethal dose of TNF induced the release of superoxide anion (0.9 nmol.min-1.g-1) by the in situ perfused rat liver. Superoxides 90-106 tumor necrosis factor-like Rattus norvegicus 63-66 1662913-4 1991 TNF also primed the liver to generate more superoxide anion (2.0 nmol.min-1.g-1) in response to an in vitro challenge with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Superoxides 43-59 tumor necrosis factor-like Rattus norvegicus 0-3 1662913-5 1991 Kupffer cells are most likely responsible for the superoxide anion production under these conditions, because the isolated Kupffer cells from TNF-infused rats produced increased quantities of superoxide anion (4-8 nmol/10(6) cells) when subsequently treated in vitro with either PMA or opsonized zymosan (control less than 1 nmol/10(6) cells). Superoxides 50-66 tumor necrosis factor-like Rattus norvegicus 142-145 1662913-5 1991 Kupffer cells are most likely responsible for the superoxide anion production under these conditions, because the isolated Kupffer cells from TNF-infused rats produced increased quantities of superoxide anion (4-8 nmol/10(6) cells) when subsequently treated in vitro with either PMA or opsonized zymosan (control less than 1 nmol/10(6) cells). Superoxides 192-208 tumor necrosis factor-like Rattus norvegicus 142-145 1662913-6 1991 Thus, under these experimental conditions, TNF in vivo primed the Kupffer cells, but not the hepatocytes, endothelial cells, and the blood or hepatic neutrophils, to release more superoxide anion. Superoxides 179-195 tumor necrosis factor-like Rattus norvegicus 43-46 1664838-4 1991 Staphylococcus aureus, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-2 all increased the number of somatic cells after intramammary infusion and activated the inducible superoxide production in milk polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Superoxides 159-169 interleukin 1 beta Bos taurus 23-41 1662273-3 1991 The full potentiation by SOD of the relaxation produced by photoactivation of NO2- was matched by cytochrome c (30 microM), MnCl2 (30 microM) and CuCl2 (100 microM), all of which are scavengers of superoxide (O2-). Superoxides 79-81 cytochrome c Oryctolagus cuniculus 98-110 1959661-1 1991 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is a nuclear encoded mitochondrial matrix enzyme that functions to scavenge superoxide radicals. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-37 1654848-1 1991 Stable nitroxide radicals have been previously shown to function as superoxide dismutase (SOD)2 mimics and to protect mammalian cells against superoxide and hydrogen peroxide-mediated oxidative stress. Superoxides 68-78 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 90-95 1676856-1 1991 Components involved in superoxide anion production (cytochrome b) and in cell adhesion processes (CD11b, CD11c, CD18), two early functional responses of neutrophils during acute inflammation, are intracellularly located in resting human neutrophils. Superoxides 23-39 integrin subunit alpha X Homo sapiens 105-110 1889832-1 1991 There is a correlation between phylogeny and the activities of L-gulonolactone oxidase (LGO), the key enzyme responsible for ascorbic acid (AH2) synthesis in animals and total xanthine oxidase and dehydrogenase [XOD(D/O)], the enzyme responsible for the production of endogenous superoxide radical (O2-.). Superoxides 279-297 gulonolactone (L-) oxidase Rattus norvegicus 63-86 1889832-1 1991 There is a correlation between phylogeny and the activities of L-gulonolactone oxidase (LGO), the key enzyme responsible for ascorbic acid (AH2) synthesis in animals and total xanthine oxidase and dehydrogenase [XOD(D/O)], the enzyme responsible for the production of endogenous superoxide radical (O2-.). Superoxides 279-297 gulonolactone (L-) oxidase Rattus norvegicus 88-91 1889832-1 1991 There is a correlation between phylogeny and the activities of L-gulonolactone oxidase (LGO), the key enzyme responsible for ascorbic acid (AH2) synthesis in animals and total xanthine oxidase and dehydrogenase [XOD(D/O)], the enzyme responsible for the production of endogenous superoxide radical (O2-.). Superoxides 299-301 gulonolactone (L-) oxidase Rattus norvegicus 63-86 1889832-1 1991 There is a correlation between phylogeny and the activities of L-gulonolactone oxidase (LGO), the key enzyme responsible for ascorbic acid (AH2) synthesis in animals and total xanthine oxidase and dehydrogenase [XOD(D/O)], the enzyme responsible for the production of endogenous superoxide radical (O2-.). Superoxides 299-301 gulonolactone (L-) oxidase Rattus norvegicus 88-91 1889832-5 1991 and it appears that tissue specific expression of LGO takes place to counteract the endogenous O2-. Superoxides 95-97 gulonolactone (L-) oxidase Rattus norvegicus 50-53 1850207-2 1991 Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) is a superoxide anion (O2-.) Superoxides 45-61 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-30 1850207-2 1991 Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) is a superoxide anion (O2-.) Superoxides 45-61 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-38 1850207-2 1991 Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) is a superoxide anion (O2-.) Superoxides 63-65 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-30 1850207-2 1991 Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) is a superoxide anion (O2-.) Superoxides 63-65 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 32-38 1850207-15 1991 Our results suggest that the induction of Mn-SOD by TNF-alpha in pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells is pretranslationally mediated and that increasing Mn-SOD activity with TNF-alpha confers protection against O2 radicals. Superoxides 205-207 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 147-153 1649310-2 1991 Conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) to xanthine oxidase (XO) contributes to the formation of superoxide, an oxygen radical. Superoxides 100-110 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 14-36 1649310-2 1991 Conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) to xanthine oxidase (XO) contributes to the formation of superoxide, an oxygen radical. Superoxides 100-110 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 38-41 1649410-6 1991 Bt2cGMP (0.1 and 1 mmol/l) enhanced O2- formation induced by 0.1 mumol/1 C5a by 23% and 49%, respectively, and Bt2cGMP antagonized inhibition of O2- formation caused by Bt2cAMP. Superoxides 36-38 small ubiquitin like modifier 1 Homo sapiens 0-18 1703491-9 1991 In addition, the reduced superoxide generative and phagocytic activity of the peritoneal neutrophils of the BMT mice were restored to normal by the rG-CSF treatment. Superoxides 25-35 colony stimulating factor 3 Rattus norvegicus 148-154 1964925-4 1990 We find that a 50% increase in cSOD activity above the normal diploid level confers increased resistance to ionizing radiation and, in contrast, confers decreased resistance to the superoxide-generating agent paraquat. Superoxides 181-191 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 31-35 2164045-4 1990 We now show that purified neutrophil elastase markedly impairs complement-mediated PMN-Pa interactions including phagocytosis of opsonized Pa, stimulation by opsonized Pa of PMN superoxide production, and killing of opsonized Pa by PMN. Superoxides 178-188 elastase, neutrophil expressed Homo sapiens 26-45 2155276-2 1990 We used the chemotactic peptide fMLP and the phorbol ester PMA as soluble stimuli, and beta-glucan particles as a CR3-specific solid phase stimulus of neutrophil superoxide production. Superoxides 162-172 teratocarcinoma-derived growth factor 1 pseudogene 3 Homo sapiens 114-117 1964391-3 1990 Ca2+ ionophore triggered generation of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide by macrophages was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by fluphenazine (IC50, 20 microM and 12 microM, respectively) and also by capsaicin (IC50, 30 microM and 9 microM, respectively), suggesting an involvement of calmodulin in the regulation of NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 39-55 calmodulin 1 Rattus norvegicus 293-303 34909830-7 2021 Additionally, Hex-Mn preserved body weight gain, preserved the hepatic glycogen content, and also reduced the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and nitrite levels, as well as restored the superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 194-204 hematopoietically expressed homeobox Rattus norvegicus 14-17 34667598-2 2021 Recently, a single nucleotide polymorphism of the gene coding for mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2), namely the missense substitution A16V (C47>T) resulting in alteration of SOD2 enzyme activity, has been reported to be associated with MCS. Superoxides 80-90 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 102-106 34667598-2 2021 Recently, a single nucleotide polymorphism of the gene coding for mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2), namely the missense substitution A16V (C47>T) resulting in alteration of SOD2 enzyme activity, has been reported to be associated with MCS. Superoxides 80-90 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 182-186 34854238-5 2022 BORIS knockdown exhibited high levels of ROS biogenesis, indicating an upregulated mitochondrial superoxide production and thereby induction of senescence. Superoxides 97-107 CCCTC-binding factor (zinc finger protein)-like Mus musculus 0-5 34866998-11 2021 Our research findings shown that there was a decline in activity of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione s transferase in addition, personal habits like smoking play a major role in the development and progression of oral carcinogenesis and based on Insilco analysis results CCND1/Cyclin D1 could be the potential therapeutic target in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Superoxides 68-78 cyclin D1 Homo sapiens 299-304 34838735-9 2022 KEY RESULTS: SARS-CoV-2 infected HUVECs, which express ACE2 and TMPRSS2 proteins, and promoted mitochondrial dysfunction, i.e. it increased mitochondria-derived superoxide anion, mitochondrial membrane potential, and mtDNA release, leading to activation of TLR9 and NF-kB, and release of cytokines. Superoxides 161-177 angiotensin converting enzyme 2 Homo sapiens 55-59 34829655-9 2021 These results imply an important link between neurotoxicity and superoxides wherein abnormal increases in NTS endogenous mu-opioids promote the interaction between Ang II and muOR, the binding of Ang II to AT1R, and the activation of microglia. Superoxides 64-75 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Rattus norvegicus 206-210 34481879-1 2021 This study evaluated the potential of antitumor activity of snake venom from Vipera ammodytes and L-amino acid oxidase from Crotalus adamanteus on different colorectal cancer cell lines through determination of cytotoxic activity by MTT assay, pro-apoptotic activity by acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining, and concentrations of redox status parameters (superoxide, reduced glutathione, lipid peroxidation) by colorimetric methods. Superoxides 360-370 interleukin 4 induced 1 Homo sapiens 98-118 34685682-3 2021 An analysis of the underlying mechanism revealed that MEHP promotes increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) by reducing the activity of superoxide dismutase in all lineages, possibly via its actions at the aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Superoxides 139-149 aryl hydrocarbon receptor Homo sapiens 209-234 34478853-11 2021 ETBR antagonist BQ788 inhibited hypoxia-increased expressions of Nox1/4, superoxide anion production, and proliferation of cells. Superoxides 73-89 endothelin receptor type B Rattus norvegicus 0-4 34411426-4 2021 This heterostructure with a strong built-in potential (EBI ) of 1.78 V provides enlarged electrochemical active surface area, enhanced active site, facilitated electron separation and transfer, and accelerated formation of superoxide radical. Superoxides 223-241 transducin beta like 1 X-linked Homo sapiens 55-58 34069420-11 2021 Therefore, we infer that ablation of Selenbp1 elicits oxidative stress caused by increased levels of superoxide anions, which alters lipid metabolism via the Pparalpha pathway. Superoxides 101-118 selenium binding protein 1 Mus musculus 37-45 34605115-4 2021 The results showed that in diquat-treated piglets, supplementation of dietary GOD and CAT elevated the superoxide dismutase and CAT activities and attenuated the malondialdehyde level in plasma and intestinal mucosa, enhanced the duodenal villus height and villus height/crypt depth ratio, upregulated ZO-1 mRNA level, and attenuated the apoptosis of the epithelial cells and caspase-3 mRNA level in the intestine. Superoxides 103-113 catalase Sus scrofa 86-89 35576681-7 2022 TBN also significantly reduced ROS levels and superoxide accumulation in C. elegans. Superoxides 46-56 TATA-box binding protein associated factor 8 Homo sapiens 0-3 35427698-7 2022 Downregulating of midkine inhibited the increases of oxidative stress markers 8-OHdG, superoxide anions and MDA in the heart of mice or in the Ang II-treated HL-1 cells. Superoxides 86-103 midkine Mus musculus 18-25 35594792-4 2022 Using ovarian cancer cells as a model, we demonstrate that an increase in mitochondrial superoxide dismutase SOD2 protein expression is a very early event initiated in response to detachment, an important step during metastasis that has been associated with increased oxidative stress. Superoxides 88-98 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 109-113 35612680-4 2022 HOMO (highest occupied molecular orbital) and LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) and ESP-fitted charge analysis of EUK-134 indicate that Mn atom plays an electron acceptor and donor for dismutation reactions of superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by EUK-134, respectively. Superoxides 219-229 protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type V, pseudogene Homo sapiens 93-96 35623546-8 2022 Mechanistically, we found aorta of G6PDS188F as compared to WT rats produced less sustained contraction and less inositol-1,2,3-phosphate (IP3) and superoxide in response to Ang-II. Superoxides 148-158 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 35-44 35227703-8 2022 Antioxidant results showed that administration of ACP-fortified yogurt significantly decreased serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase enzyme activities and malondialdehyde levels, while increasing superoxide dismutase, catalase, phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase, and total antioxidant capacity in the liver and hippocampus of the mice. Superoxides 220-230 vitamin A enhanced cleft palate Mus musculus 50-53 35092565-3 2022 Intravenous administration of antisense against cPLA2alpha that significantly inhibited its expression in mouse peritoneal neutrophils and macrophages also inhibited superoxide production, in contrast to cPLA2alpha knockout mice that showed normal superoxide production. Superoxides 166-176 phospholipase A2, group IVA (cytosolic, calcium-dependent) Mus musculus 48-58 35092565-3 2022 Intravenous administration of antisense against cPLA2alpha that significantly inhibited its expression in mouse peritoneal neutrophils and macrophages also inhibited superoxide production, in contrast to cPLA2alpha knockout mice that showed normal superoxide production. Superoxides 248-258 phospholipase A2, group IVA (cytosolic, calcium-dependent) Mus musculus 48-58 35447940-8 2022 Moreover, the expression of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD1 and SOD2) in CA1-3 pyramidal cells were gradually and significantly reduced after ischemia. Superoxides 52-62 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 83-87 35189109-1 2022 Arsenite, a well-established human carcinogen and toxic compound, promotes the formation of mitochondrial superoxide (mitoO2-.) via a Ca2+-dependent mechanism, in which an initial stimulation of the inositol 1, 4, 5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R) is followed by the activation of the ryanodine receptor (RyR), critical for providing Ca2+ to the mitochondria. Superoxides 106-116 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 Homo sapiens 240-244 35149995-9 2022 The total ROS, superoxide, H2 O2 levels and lipid peroxidation were higher in the AOX-AS line than WT and AOX-OE lines. Superoxides 15-25 alternative oxidase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 82-85 35110539-9 2022 Moreover, baicalein treatment inhibited ferroptosis in adenine-stimulated PTEC by selectively modulating the mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and thus, suppressing mitochondrial superoxide production and DNA damage. Superoxides 208-218 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 142-164 35110539-9 2022 Moreover, baicalein treatment inhibited ferroptosis in adenine-stimulated PTEC by selectively modulating the mitochondrial antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and thus, suppressing mitochondrial superoxide production and DNA damage. Superoxides 208-218 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 166-170 35205334-4 2022 This study aimed to evaluate changes in IL-6 concentration and the concentration/activity of superoxide dismutase isoenzymes (SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3) in the blood of patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) in terms of rs1800795 polymorphism in the IL6 gene. Superoxides 93-103 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 132-136 35174211-8 2021 Increased superoxide formation in the brain was mirrored by a downregulation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (Nos3) and transcription factor Foxo3 genes, whereas Vcam1 mRNA, a marker for inflammation was upregulated in all noise exposure groups. Superoxides 10-20 nitric oxide synthase 1, neuronal Mus musculus 80-110 35075692-10 2022 In contrast, priming significantly enhanced OpZ-induced oxygen consumption and superoxide production in WT but not Trem-1-/- neutrophils indicating that TREM-1 is required for primed oxidative burst. Superoxides 79-89 triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1 Mus musculus 153-159 35204081-7 2022 The acute antioxidant role of iPLA2gamma-released FAs is supported by monitoring both intramitochondrial superoxide and extramitochondrial H2O2 release. Superoxides 105-115 patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 8 Mus musculus 30-40 35024970-14 2022 (5) miR-21-deficient mice exhibited increased cardiac PGC-1alpha, PPARalpha and eNOS protein and reduced endothelial superoxide. Superoxides 117-127 microRNA 21a Mus musculus 4-10 35053313-4 2022 SLC4A11, at the inner mitochondrial membrane, facilitates glutamine catabolism and suppresses the production of mitochondrial superoxide by providing ammonia-sensitive H+ uncoupling that reduces glutamine-driven mitochondrial membrane potential hyperpolarization. Superoxides 126-136 solute carrier family 4, sodium bicarbonate transporter-like, member 11 Mus musculus 0-7 2476237-2 1989 Here we demonstrate that manganous superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), a mitochondrial enzyme involved in the scavenging of superoxide radicals (O2-), is such a protein. Superoxides 35-45 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 57-62 2476237-2 1989 Here we demonstrate that manganous superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), a mitochondrial enzyme involved in the scavenging of superoxide radicals (O2-), is such a protein. Superoxides 139-141 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 25-55 2476237-2 1989 Here we demonstrate that manganous superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), a mitochondrial enzyme involved in the scavenging of superoxide radicals (O2-), is such a protein. Superoxides 139-141 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 57-62 2542378-7 1989 Lipocortin I, a glucocorticoid inducible and phospholipase A2 inhibitory protein, inhibited O2- generation initiated by A23187 but failed to modulate the respiratory burst activated by PMA. Superoxides 92-94 annexin A1 Mus musculus 0-12 2539367-8 1989 Xanthine/O2 turnover with these enzymes (and native XDH) resulted in approximately 40-50% of the xanthine reducing equivalents appearing as superoxide. Superoxides 140-150 xanthine dehydrogenase Gallus gallus 52-55 2539600-1 1989 The role of copper/zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (cSOD; superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) in metabolic defense against O2 toxicity in Drosophila is examined through the properties of a mutant strain carrying a cSOD-null mutation, cSODn108. Superoxides 35-45 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 57-61 2539600-1 1989 The role of copper/zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (cSOD; superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) in metabolic defense against O2 toxicity in Drosophila is examined through the properties of a mutant strain carrying a cSOD-null mutation, cSODn108. Superoxides 143-145 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 12-55 2539600-1 1989 The role of copper/zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (cSOD; superoxide:superoxide oxidoreductase, EC 1.15.1.1) in metabolic defense against O2 toxicity in Drosophila is examined through the properties of a mutant strain carrying a cSOD-null mutation, cSODn108. Superoxides 143-145 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 57-61 2539600-3 1989 cSODn108 confers recessive sensitivity to the superoxide anion (O2-)-generator paraquat and to the transition metal compound CuSO4, which indicates that the cSOD-null condition in fact leads to impaired O2- metabolism. Superoxides 46-62 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 0-4 2539600-3 1989 cSODn108 confers recessive sensitivity to the superoxide anion (O2-)-generator paraquat and to the transition metal compound CuSO4, which indicates that the cSOD-null condition in fact leads to impaired O2- metabolism. Superoxides 64-66 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 0-4 2539600-3 1989 cSODn108 confers recessive sensitivity to the superoxide anion (O2-)-generator paraquat and to the transition metal compound CuSO4, which indicates that the cSOD-null condition in fact leads to impaired O2- metabolism. Superoxides 203-205 Superoxide dismutase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 0-4 2914919-3 1989 The next phase was also second order in oxygen (260 M-1 s-1), involved the loss of flavin semiquinone and yielded, on average, 1 mol of superoxide/mol of XDH oxidized. Superoxides 136-146 xanthine dehydrogenase Gallus gallus 154-157 2848333-1 1988 The physiological significance of the enzyme indoleamine 2,3,-dioxygenase (IDO) (EC 1.13.11.17), which consumes superoxide anion (O2-), is not known. Superoxides 112-128 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 45-73 2848333-1 1988 The physiological significance of the enzyme indoleamine 2,3,-dioxygenase (IDO) (EC 1.13.11.17), which consumes superoxide anion (O2-), is not known. Superoxides 112-128 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 75-78 2843714-4 1988 Thereafter, O2- release by these cells in response to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was determined by cytochrome c reduction. Superoxides 12-14 cytochrome c Oryctolagus cuniculus 104-116 3166490-8 1988 Because xanthine oxidase utilizes molecular oxygen to produce superoxide radical, ethanol-induced conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase could contribute to the enhanced lipid peroxidation reported previously after administration of a single dose of ethanol. Superoxides 62-80 xanthine dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 112-134 2843104-2 1988 Legionella micdadei cells contain an acid phosphatase (ACP2) which blocks superoxide anion production by human neutrophils stimulated with formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP) [A. K. Saha, et al. Superoxides 74-90 acid phosphatase 2, lysosomal Homo sapiens 55-59 3220661-8 1988 Thus, SMA-SOD may effectively dismutase superoxide radicals in the circulation. Superoxides 40-59 survival of motor neuron 1, telomeric Homo sapiens 6-13 2979721-2 1988 The electron-transfer reduction of molecular oxygen yields superoxide ion (O2.-), which reacts with proton sources to form HO2.. Superoxides 59-69 heme oxygenase 2 Homo sapiens 123-126 2850458-1 1987 The generation of superoxide radicals from xanthine oxidase-hypoxanthine in a particulate fraction of gerbil cerebral cortex influenced the activity of the synaptic enzyme adenylate cyclase, as well as Mn2+- and Na+,K+-sensitive forms of ATPase. Superoxides 18-28 dynein axonemal heavy chain 8 Homo sapiens 238-244 2850458-8 1987 The sensitivity of the particulate ATPase to Mn2+ was more labile to the consequence of superoxide formation than Na+, K+ -ATPase. Superoxides 88-98 dynein axonemal heavy chain 8 Homo sapiens 35-41 3495372-6 1987 The loss of Mn SOD activity could be mediated by a low intracellular level of superoxide anion due to the scavenger effect of melanin on superoxide anion; in fact, it is well known that the biosynthesis of Mn SOD is induced by intracellular levels of superoxide anion. Superoxides 78-94 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 12-18 3495372-6 1987 The loss of Mn SOD activity could be mediated by a low intracellular level of superoxide anion due to the scavenger effect of melanin on superoxide anion; in fact, it is well known that the biosynthesis of Mn SOD is induced by intracellular levels of superoxide anion. Superoxides 78-94 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 206-212 3495372-6 1987 The loss of Mn SOD activity could be mediated by a low intracellular level of superoxide anion due to the scavenger effect of melanin on superoxide anion; in fact, it is well known that the biosynthesis of Mn SOD is induced by intracellular levels of superoxide anion. Superoxides 137-153 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 12-18 3495372-6 1987 The loss of Mn SOD activity could be mediated by a low intracellular level of superoxide anion due to the scavenger effect of melanin on superoxide anion; in fact, it is well known that the biosynthesis of Mn SOD is induced by intracellular levels of superoxide anion. Superoxides 137-153 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 206-212 3495372-6 1987 The loss of Mn SOD activity could be mediated by a low intracellular level of superoxide anion due to the scavenger effect of melanin on superoxide anion; in fact, it is well known that the biosynthesis of Mn SOD is induced by intracellular levels of superoxide anion. Superoxides 137-153 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 12-18 3495372-6 1987 The loss of Mn SOD activity could be mediated by a low intracellular level of superoxide anion due to the scavenger effect of melanin on superoxide anion; in fact, it is well known that the biosynthesis of Mn SOD is induced by intracellular levels of superoxide anion. Superoxides 137-153 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 206-212 3032176-0 1987 The diacylglycerol kinase inhibitor, R59022, enhances the superoxide generation from human neutrophils induced by stimulation of fMet-Leu-Phe, IgG and C3b receptors. Superoxides 58-68 endogenous retrovirus group K member 3 Homo sapiens 151-154 2881544-2 1987 This mechanism of guanylate cyclase activation is not blocked by scavengers for superoxide anion or hydroxyl radical, but is selectively inhibited by methylene blue, inactivation of catalase and ethanol. Superoxides 80-96 guanylate cyclase Bos taurus 18-35 2881544-2 1987 This mechanism of guanylate cyclase activation is not blocked by scavengers for superoxide anion or hydroxyl radical, but is selectively inhibited by methylene blue, inactivation of catalase and ethanol. Superoxides 80-96 catalase Bos taurus 182-190 3005456-4 1986 In contrast, superoxide anion generation from human neutrophils stimulated with PF4 was undetectable even at the highest PF4 concentration tested (2 X 10(-5) M). Superoxides 13-29 platelet factor 4 Homo sapiens 80-83 3510480-3 1986 Moreover, trypsin can activate the conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase into superoxide radicals producing xanthine oxidase. Superoxides 77-87 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 49-71 6268529-1 1981 During phagocytosis and membrane perturbation, mouse macrophages generate superoxide in direct proportion to their intracellular adenosine deaminase activity. Superoxides 74-84 adenosine deaminase Mus musculus 129-148 6251902-2 1980 The rates of reduction of phosvitin-bound ferricytochrome c by cytochrome b2, ascorbate and the superoxide radical generated by xanthine oxidase wer repressed where the binding ratio was less than half the maximum, but at higher ratios they were restored gradually with increase in the ratio. Superoxides 96-114 casein kinase 2 beta Homo sapiens 26-35 30812210-1 1979 Superoxide dismutase activity was shown to be present in bovine milk serum and was quantified by measuring the capacity of retentate from dialyzed milk serum to inhibit reduction of cytochrome c by xanthine-xanthine oxidase-generated superoxide anion. Superoxides 234-250 LOC104968582 Bos taurus 182-194 33780792-3 2021 Our results showed that SUMO E3 ligase (SIZ1) gene expression was higher in florets treated with PSKalpha, which may prevent endogenous H2O2 accumulation, resulting from the higher activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase. Superoxides 193-203 glutathione-disulfide reductase Homo sapiens 251-272 33652112-12 2021 In agreement with the effect of KA over pro-inflammatory cytokines it inhibited oxidative stress (total ROS, superoxide production and superoxide positive cells) and NF-kappaB activation during peritonitis. Superoxides 109-119 zinc finger protein of the cerebellum 3 Mus musculus 32-34 33652112-12 2021 In agreement with the effect of KA over pro-inflammatory cytokines it inhibited oxidative stress (total ROS, superoxide production and superoxide positive cells) and NF-kappaB activation during peritonitis. Superoxides 135-145 zinc finger protein of the cerebellum 3 Mus musculus 32-34 33781891-11 2021 Collectively, our study reveals that epigenetic silencing of GCH1 promotes HCC growth by activating superoxide anion-mediated ASK1/p38 signaling via inhibiting BH4 de novo biosynthesis, suggesting that targeting GCH1/BH4 pathway may be a promising therapeutic strategy to combat HCC. Superoxides 100-116 GTP cyclohydrolase 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 33781891-11 2021 Collectively, our study reveals that epigenetic silencing of GCH1 promotes HCC growth by activating superoxide anion-mediated ASK1/p38 signaling via inhibiting BH4 de novo biosynthesis, suggesting that targeting GCH1/BH4 pathway may be a promising therapeutic strategy to combat HCC. Superoxides 100-116 GTP cyclohydrolase 1 Homo sapiens 212-216 34015492-9 2021 Furthermore, MCA and MBVSMCs from SMC RNF34-deficient mice showed increased superoxide anion and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation as well as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity, but exhibited no marked effect on mitochondria-derived ROS. Superoxides 76-92 ring finger protein 34 Mus musculus 38-43 34027418-4 2021 Apoptosis induced by SIRT5 disruption is preceded by reductions in oxidative phosphorylation and glutamine utilization, and an increase in mitochondrial superoxide that is attenuated by ectopic superoxide dismutase 2. Superoxides 153-163 sirtuin 5 Homo sapiens 21-26 34027418-4 2021 Apoptosis induced by SIRT5 disruption is preceded by reductions in oxidative phosphorylation and glutamine utilization, and an increase in mitochondrial superoxide that is attenuated by ectopic superoxide dismutase 2. Superoxides 194-204 sirtuin 5 Homo sapiens 21-26 33932953-10 2021 ABSTRACT: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) activates NADPH Oxidase 1 (Nox1) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), producing superoxide (O2 - ) required for subsequent signaling. Superoxides 133-143 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 76-80 33935045-6 2021 Especially, excessive COMP-Ang1 disturbed late-stage erythroblast maturation, followed by decreased expression of stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) and globin transcription factor 1 (GATA-1) and increased levels of superoxide anion and p-p38 kinase. Superoxides 219-235 cartilage oligomeric matrix protein Mus musculus 22-26 33720242-10 2021 In the OVX group fed HFD, chia increased the activity of superoxide dismutase, decreased NO and maintained the content of minerals and ATPase enzymes. Superoxides 57-67 chitinase, acidic Rattus norvegicus 26-30 33868265-1 2021 While oxidative stress has been linked to multiple sclerosis (MS), the role of superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase (Nox2) in central nervous system (CNS) pathogenesis remains unclear. Superoxides 79-89 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 125-129 33189402-1 2021 Superoxide-hydrogen peroxide (S-HP), triggered by Val16Ala-SOD2 human polymorphism, may influence the risk of depression. Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 59-63 33383163-8 2021 Results showed that maternal CS exposure led to an increase in ROS production, and brought about decreases in mitochondrial superoxide dismutase and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1, and an increase in NF-E2-related factor 2 in offspring RTN/pFRG. Superoxides 124-134 citrate synthase Rattus norvegicus 29-31 33579817-2 2021 Here, we report that endothelial TrxR2 controls both the steady-state concentration of peroxynitrite, the product of the reaction of superoxide radical and nitric oxide, and the integrity of the vascular system. Superoxides 133-151 thioredoxin reductase 2 Mus musculus 33-38 33539225-12 2021 Pharmacological or genetic KLF5 inhibition alleviated superoxide formation, prevented ceramide accumulation, and improved cardiac function in diabetic mice. Superoxides 54-64 Kruppel-like factor 5 Mus musculus 27-31 32879139-3 2020 Disruption of the apelin gene in mice increased (2.4-fold) NADPH-stimulated superoxide levels and slowed atrial conduction velocities in optical mapping of a Langendorff-perfused isolated heart model, suggesting that apelin levels may influence AF vulnerability. Superoxides 76-86 apelin Mus musculus 18-24 32879139-3 2020 Disruption of the apelin gene in mice increased (2.4-fold) NADPH-stimulated superoxide levels and slowed atrial conduction velocities in optical mapping of a Langendorff-perfused isolated heart model, suggesting that apelin levels may influence AF vulnerability. Superoxides 76-86 2,4-dienoyl CoA reductase 1, mitochondrial Mus musculus 59-64 33042267-7 2020 Mechanistically, the effects of TLR5 were largely attributed to direct interaction with spleen tyrosine kinase to activate NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2, increasing the production of superoxide and subsequent activation of p38. Superoxides 175-185 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 123-144 32580031-3 2020 In addition, the mitochondrial expression of SVCT2 appeared particularly elevated and, consistently, a brief pre-exposure to low concentrations of Ascorbic Acid (AA) abolished mitochondrial superoxide formation selectively induced by the cocktail arsenite/ATP. Superoxides 190-200 solute carrier family 23 member 2 Homo sapiens 45-50 32171837-4 2020 Moreover, CS@Se significantly increased the levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), Na+/K+-ATPase assay (Na+/K+-ATPase) and acetyltransferase (ChAT), and decreased the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and acetylcholinesterase (ChAE) in AD mice. Superoxides 54-64 choline acetyltransferase Mus musculus 173-177 32345536-7 2020 We also found that mice exposed to both noise and ATII had increased phagocytic NADPH oxidase (NOX-2)-mediated superoxide formation, immune cell infiltration (monocytes, neutrophils and T cells) in the aortic wall, astrocyte activation in the brain, enhanced cytokine signaling, and subsequent vascular and cerebral oxidative stress. Superoxides 111-121 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 95-100 32248057-3 2020 Expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 1 (Nox1), which produces superoxide, is associated with senescence in vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro and atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice in vivo. Superoxides 91-101 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 14-67 32248057-3 2020 Expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 1 (Nox1), which produces superoxide, is associated with senescence in vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro and atherosclerosis in ApoE-/- mice in vivo. Superoxides 91-101 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 69-73 32016802-9 2020 Expression of TLR-3 mRNA in co-cultures was increased by rhPlGF 100 ng/mL at 21% O2 (p = 0.03). Superoxides 81-83 toll like receptor 3 Homo sapiens 14-19 32466166-9 2020 SOD2 expression was reduced upon exposure to B. burgdorferi, suggesting that B. burgdorferi might be responsible for superoxide reduction. Superoxides 117-127 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 32014500-6 2020 The elevated levels of H2O2 (a biomarker of oxidative stress) and the free radicals (NO and O2 -) reduced the concentration of dominant pathogens and regulated ROS/RNS/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR pathway by affecting p-AMPK, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1). Superoxides 25-27 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1 Homo sapiens 161-197 32014500-6 2020 The elevated levels of H2O2 (a biomarker of oxidative stress) and the free radicals (NO and O2 -) reduced the concentration of dominant pathogens and regulated ROS/RNS/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR pathway by affecting p-AMPK, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1). Superoxides 25-27 protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 1 Homo sapiens 199-203 32343137-2 2020 Here, we report two different approaches for the preparation of heterometallic superoxide complexes [PhL2CrIII-eta1-O2][MX]2 (PhL = -OPh2SiOSiPh2O-, MX+ = [CoCl]+, [ZnBr]+, [ZnCl]+) starting from the CrII precursor complex [PhL2CrII]Li2(THF)4. Superoxides 79-89 ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 12 Homo sapiens 233-242 32030866-0 2020 Ultra-Long Life Li-Rich Li1.2Mn0.6Ni0.2O2 Cathode by Three-in-One Surface Modification for Lithium-Ion Batteries. Superoxides 38-41 transglutaminase 1 Homo sapiens 24-27 32030866-2 2020 Here, we design a three-in-one surface treatment via the pyrolysis of urea to improve the voltage and capacity stability of Li1.2Mn0.6Ni0.2O2 (LMNO), by which oxygen vacancy, spinel phase integration and N-doped carbon nanolayer are synchronously built on the surface of LMNO microspheres. Superoxides 138-141 transglutaminase 1 Homo sapiens 124-127 32144179-7 2020 Functionally, deletion of Bbeta2 and maintained Drp1 Ser637 phosphorylation improved mitochondrial respiratory capacity, Ca2+ homeostasis, and attenuated superoxide production in response to ischemia and excitotoxicity in vitro and ex vivo Lastly, deletion of Bbeta2 rescued excessive stroke damage associated with dephosphorylation of Drp1 S637 and mitochondrial fission. Superoxides 154-164 bone area 2 Mus musculus 26-32 31877229-9 2020 CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Our data suggested that CD74 ablation protected against LPS-induced cardiac anomalies, O2 - production, inflammation and apoptosis through suppression of autophagy in a Skp2-SUV39H1-mediated mechanism. Superoxides 117-119 CD74 molecule Homo sapiens 54-58 32024700-6 2020 Pstpip2cmo neutrophils display highly elevated superoxide production in response to a range of stimuli. Superoxides 47-57 proline-serine-threonine phosphatase interacting protein 2 Homo sapiens 0-7 32014991-0 2020 Genome-wide siRNA screening reveals that DCAF4-mediated ubiquitination of optineurin stimulates autophagic degradation of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 128-138 DDB1 and CUL4 associated factor 4 Homo sapiens 41-46 31980585-6 2020 Similar to the effect of HN alone, incorporation of Mt by microglia (1) upregulated expression of the transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and its target genes (including mitochondrial superoxide dismutase), (2) enhanced phagocytic activity toward red blood cells (an in vitro model of hematoma clearance after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH)), and (3) reduced pro-inflammatory responses. Superoxides 218-228 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma Mus musculus 123-171 31945431-3 2020 We developed and evaluated a new automatable monitoring tool (Early Warning ScoreO2: EWS.O2) that incorporates cardio-respiratory parameters (Respiratory rate, Heart rate, SpO2, and FiO2 derived from oxygen flow rate), aiming to achieve early detection of poor outcome among patients with dyspnea. Superoxides 81-83 EWS RNA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 85-88 31945431-3 2020 We developed and evaluated a new automatable monitoring tool (Early Warning ScoreO2: EWS.O2) that incorporates cardio-respiratory parameters (Respiratory rate, Heart rate, SpO2, and FiO2 derived from oxygen flow rate), aiming to achieve early detection of poor outcome among patients with dyspnea. Superoxides 89-91 EWS RNA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 85-88 31945431-8 2020 The EWS.O2 displayed better or comparable predictive accuracy at triage (AUROC: 0.704, 95%CI 0.672-0.736) compared to NEWS (0.662, p < 0.01), NEWS2 (0.672, p = 0.02) and SpO2/FiO2 (0.695, p = 0.46). Superoxides 8-10 EWS RNA binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 4-7 31633519-6 2020 For Mobil-O-Graph pulse pressure less than 43 mm Hg, the DBP difference was 6.3 +- 5.5, and for Mobil-O-Graph pulse pressure more than 50 mm Hg, the SBP difference was 7.4 +- 9.3. Superoxides 96-109 selenium binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 149-152 31891227-0 2020 Superoxide imbalance triggered by Val16Ala-SOD2 polymorphism increases the risk of depression and self-reported psychological stress in free-living elderly people. Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 43-47 31891227-2 2020 However, it is still not clear whether the VV-SOD2 genotype that causes higher basal superoxide anion levels has any impact on the risk for depression and self-reported psychological stress in elderly people. Superoxides 85-101 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 46-50 31723239-6 2020 Mechanistically, SIRT3 prevents mitochondrial superoxide surges in detached cells by regulating the manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2). Superoxides 100-120 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 132-136 31815328-4 2020 The Fe2 [(2,3,9,10,16,17,23,24-octahydroxy phthalocyaninato)Cu] MOF composited with I2 (Fe2 -O8 -PcCu/I2 ) serves as a cathode for a Na-I2 battery exhibiting a stable specific capacity of 150 mAh g-1 after 3200 cycles and outperforming the state-of-the-art cathodes for Na-I2 batteries. Superoxides 93-95 lysine acetyltransferase 8 Homo sapiens 64-67 31814573-4 2020 The Cu content and activity of anti- oxidative enzyme Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase, or SOD1, were lower in the lungs of PrPC-knockout mice, suggesting that the anti-oxidative activity of PrPC is probably attributable to its function of activating SOD1 through regulating Cu content in lungs. Superoxides 60-70 prion protein Mus musculus 118-122 31814573-4 2020 The Cu content and activity of anti- oxidative enzyme Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase, or SOD1, were lower in the lungs of PrPC-knockout mice, suggesting that the anti-oxidative activity of PrPC is probably attributable to its function of activating SOD1 through regulating Cu content in lungs. Superoxides 60-70 prion protein Mus musculus 185-189 31643023-12 2020 Mechanically, Dex blocked Dox-induced the ubiquitination of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1alpha), leading to the restoration of PGC-1alpha and downstream oxidative stress-protective molecules uncoupling protein 2 and manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase expression. Superoxides 282-292 peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha Mus musculus 60-128 31643023-12 2020 Mechanically, Dex blocked Dox-induced the ubiquitination of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1alpha), leading to the restoration of PGC-1alpha and downstream oxidative stress-protective molecules uncoupling protein 2 and manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase expression. Superoxides 282-292 peroxisome proliferative activated receptor, gamma, coactivator 1 alpha Mus musculus 130-140 31494578-5 2020 This gene encodes superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) or manganese-superoxide dismutase, a mitochondrial matrix protein that scavenges oxygen radicals produced by oxidation-reduction and electron transport reactions occurring in mitochondria via conversion of superoxide anion (O2 - ) into H2O2. Superoxides 254-270 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 18-40 31494578-5 2020 This gene encodes superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) or manganese-superoxide dismutase, a mitochondrial matrix protein that scavenges oxygen radicals produced by oxidation-reduction and electron transport reactions occurring in mitochondria via conversion of superoxide anion (O2 - ) into H2O2. Superoxides 254-270 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 42-46 31494578-5 2020 This gene encodes superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) or manganese-superoxide dismutase, a mitochondrial matrix protein that scavenges oxygen radicals produced by oxidation-reduction and electron transport reactions occurring in mitochondria via conversion of superoxide anion (O2 - ) into H2O2. Superoxides 254-270 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 51-81 31729001-1 2020 The superoxide (O2 -)-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes comprises a membrane-associated heterodimeric flavocytochrome, known as cytochrome b 558 (consisting of NOX2 and p22phox) and four cytosolic regulatory proteins, p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 4-14 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 241-248 31729001-1 2020 The superoxide (O2 -)-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes comprises a membrane-associated heterodimeric flavocytochrome, known as cytochrome b 558 (consisting of NOX2 and p22phox) and four cytosolic regulatory proteins, p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 16-18 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 241-248 31678720-3 2020 Duox1 and Duox2 activities similarly produce intracellular protons but synthesize hydrogen peroxide directly instead of superoxide. Superoxides 120-130 dual oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 31560934-5 2019 Mechanistically, activated MLKL targets mitochondria and triggers excessive generation of mitochondrial superoxide, which promotes AIF translocation into nucleus via causing mitochondrial depolarization and aggravates gamma-H2AX formation via improving intracellular accumulation of ROS. Superoxides 104-114 mixed lineage kinase domain like pseudokinase Homo sapiens 27-31 31922706-8 2019 In the 40% O2 group, RelA, RelB, ASK1 and TNF-alpha were upregulated, but SC expression was not significantly different than that of the control group. Superoxides 11-13 RELA proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 21-25 31861667-6 2019 In the activated splenic CD4+ T cells, hypoxia (1.5% O2) increased K2P5.1 expression and activity, whereas a treatment with the HIF inhibitor FM19G11 but not the selective HIF-2 inhibitor exerted the opposite effect. Superoxides 53-55 potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 5 Homo sapiens 67-73 31891121-9 2019 We demonstrate transcriptional and translational upregulation of NGF, NT-3, Ang-1, and FGF-2 in response to cytokines in ASCs in 21% and 5% O2. Superoxides 140-142 3'-nucleotidase Homo sapiens 70-74 31891121-9 2019 We demonstrate transcriptional and translational upregulation of NGF, NT-3, Ang-1, and FGF-2 in response to cytokines in ASCs in 21% and 5% O2. Superoxides 140-142 angiopoietin 1 Homo sapiens 76-81 31855167-2 2019 Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and adaptive servoventilation (ASV) as well as nocturnal oxygen (O2) are proposed treatment modalities of CSA/CSR. Superoxides 108-110 ERCC excision repair 8, CSA ubiquitin ligase complex subunit Homo sapiens 149-152 31602731-3 2019 ADR is equipped with chemiluminescence and near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) signaling channels that can be activated by oxidative stress (superoxide anion, O2 .- ) and lysosomal damage (N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase, NAG), respectively. Superoxides 139-155 O-GlcNAcase Mus musculus 187-218 31137980-10 2019 Inhibition of hydrogen peroxide production from superoxide anions in the gp91phox-/- status prevented the increased TEWL and decreased skin hydration level noted with degradation of NLRP3 and caspase-1. Superoxides 48-58 caspase 1 Mus musculus 192-201 31710352-4 2019 Here, we found that hypoxia, as modeled by 1% O2 or exposure to the hypoxia-mimetic reagent desferrioxamine (DFO) has strong inductive effects on the expression of CXCL13 and CXCR5, a CXCL13 receptor, in both undifferentiated and differentiated adipocytes and in organ-cultured white adipose tissue (WAT). Superoxides 46-48 chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 5 Mus musculus 175-180 31693344-7 2019 The latter mixture can also react with HS-, giving HNO and HS2- (hydrogen disulfide), a S0(sulfane)-transfer reagent toward {(H)SNO}, leading to SSNO-, a moderately stable species that slowly decomposes in aqueous sulfide-containing solutions in the minute-hour time scale, depending on [O2]. Superoxides 288-290 strawberry notch homolog 1 Homo sapiens 128-131 31697484-3 2019 The prepared MoS2/SnS2/r-GO showed significant photoexcitation of photosensitive oxygen (ROS) by electron spin resonance spectroscopy, demonstrating that superoxide radicals ( O2-), pores, and hydroxyl radicals ( OH) are the main active species. Superoxides 154-164 sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 11 Homo sapiens 18-22 31697484-3 2019 The prepared MoS2/SnS2/r-GO showed significant photoexcitation of photosensitive oxygen (ROS) by electron spin resonance spectroscopy, demonstrating that superoxide radicals ( O2-), pores, and hydroxyl radicals ( OH) are the main active species. Superoxides 176-178 sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 11 Homo sapiens 18-22 31752090-7 2019 In support of a role of the oxidative state in the control of lymphocyte activation, exposure of spleen cells to exogenous superoxide induced Cx43 expression, p38 activation and IgG production. Superoxides 123-133 mitogen-activated protein kinase 14 Mus musculus 159-162 31704983-9 2019 The ICH-induced increase in intracellular ROS, superoxide anion, and mROS generation and the decrease in adenosine triphosphate production were exacerbated in RNF34 transgenic mice, but NADPH oxidase activity was unaffected. Superoxides 47-63 ring finger protein 34 Mus musculus 159-164 31405216-6 2019 Visfatin significantly induced apoptosis and superoxide anion production, increased miR-34a, miR-181a, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-2, catalase (CAT), NRF2 and decreased BCL2 gene and protein expression in OA chondrocytes. Superoxides 45-61 nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase Homo sapiens 0-8 31399108-10 2019 Analysis of NADPH oxidases (NOXs), a major source of superoxide ion in the cell, showed a significant increase of NOX4 mRNA and protein levels after irradiation in both patient groups. Superoxides 53-63 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 114-118 30652267-8 2019 Mechanistically, AKAP121 promotes neuroprotection by enhancing PKA-mediated phosphorylation of Drp1 to increase mitochondrial fusion, elevates ATP levels, and elicits an increase in the levels of antioxidants GSH and superoxide dismutase 2 leading to a reduction in the level of mitochondrial superoxide. Superoxides 217-227 death-associated protein kinase 2 Mus musculus 95-99 31329637-7 2019 Whereas loss of the cytosolic FSD1 had little effect, an fsd2 mutant exhibited increased superoxide production, reduced chlorophyll levels, lower PSII efficiency, a lower rate of CO2 assimilation, but elevated non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). Superoxides 89-99 Fe superoxide dismutase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 57-61 30507840-17 2019 Intrathecal injection of RyR inhibitor lowered mitochondrial superoxide in the spinal cord dorsal horn in the gp120 neuropathic pain model. Superoxides 61-71 ryanodine receptor 2 Rattus norvegicus 25-28 30925081-2 2019 TNFalpha activates NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide (O2 -), production extracellularly is required for subsequent signaling in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Superoxides 87-97 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 19-34 30926564-9 2019 The presence of ascorbate in bleomycin-treated cells suppressed a DSB-independent activation of the ATM-CHK2 axis by blocking superoxide radical. Superoxides 126-144 checkpoint kinase 2 Homo sapiens 104-108 29931336-3 2019 NOX4 is constitutively active producing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the prevalent ROS detected, whereas other NOX isoforms present in the renal and cardiovascular systems (i.e. NOX1, NOX2 and NOX5) generate superoxide radical anions as main products. Superoxides 207-225 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-4 30889865-5 2019 We propose a novel hypothesis that ER-alpha36-GPER signaling initially induces rapid and temporal activation of NADPH oxidase 1 to generate superoxide, which subsequently activates redox-sensitive neutral sphingomyelinase 2 generating the lipid signaling mediator ceramide. Superoxides 140-150 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 112-127 30874894-4 2019 Transgenic up-regulation of mitochondria-targeted CAPN1 dose-dependently induced cardiac cell death, adverse myocardial remodeling, heart failure, and early death in mice, the changes of which were associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial superoxide generation. Superoxides 258-268 calpain 1 Mus musculus 50-55 30874894-9 2019 In conclusion, this study has provided direct evidence demonstrating that increased mitochondrial calpain-1 is an important mechanism contributing to myocardial injury and heart failure by disrupting ATP synthase, and promoting mitochondrial superoxide generation and mPTP opening. Superoxides 242-252 calpain 1 Mus musculus 98-107 31245767-9 2019 However, the introduction of the msl1 lesion into the msl2 msl3 mutant background suppressed other msl2 msl3 mutant phenotypes, including ectopic callus formation, accumulation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in the shoot apical meristem, decreased root length, and reduced number of lateral roots. Superoxides 180-190 U2 snRNP complex subunit MSL1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 33-37 30779137-4 2019 PF-A and PF-B demonstrated similar scavenging activity of free radical (DPPH, ABTS, hydroxyl radical, superoxide anion). Superoxides 102-118 keratin 75 Homo sapiens 9-13 30779137-5 2019 The scavenging activity of PF-A and PF-B on hydroxyl radical and superoxide anion radical reached the equal levels of vitamin C and gallic acid. Superoxides 65-89 keratin 75 Homo sapiens 36-40 30625302-9 2019 Conversely, when LonP1 was knocked down in isolated neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs), an up-regulation of Complex I subunits and electron transport chain (ETC) activities was observed, which was associated with increased superoxide production and reduced respiratory efficiency. Superoxides 230-240 lon peptidase 1, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 17-22 30623799-6 2019 NRP1 loss reduces ABCB8 levels, resulting in iron accumulation, iron-induced mitochondrial superoxide production, and iron-dependent EC senescence. Superoxides 91-101 neuropilin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 30502394-0 2019 gamma-Mangostin alleviates liver fibrosis through Sirtuin 3-superoxide-high mobility group box 1 signaling axis. Superoxides 59-70 high mobility group box 1 Homo sapiens 71-96 31172470-6 2019 NOX3 constitutively produces superoxide, which is enhanced by regulatory proteins such as p47phox, NOXO1, and p67phox. Superoxides 29-39 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Homo sapiens 110-117 30190172-5 2018 Increased renal mitochondrial AT2R density by transgenic overexpression was associated with reduced superoxide production of isolated mitochondria from non-diabetic rats. Superoxides 100-110 angiotensin II receptor, type 2 Rattus norvegicus 30-34 30190172-8 2018 AT2R overexpression in tubular epithelial cells inhibited all diabetes-induced renal changes including a drop in mitochondrial bioenergetics efficiency, a rise in mitochondrial superoxide production, metabolic reprogramming, and increased proliferation. Superoxides 177-187 angiotensin II receptor, type 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 30464607-15 2018 Both PRL-3 and RAP1 could regulate the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and the uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), which may be related to PRL-3 suppression induced mitochondria superoxide anion. Superoxides 193-209 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 87-91 30464607-15 2018 Both PRL-3 and RAP1 could regulate the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and the uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), which may be related to PRL-3 suppression induced mitochondria superoxide anion. Superoxides 193-209 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 101-121 30464607-15 2018 Both PRL-3 and RAP1 could regulate the expression of manganese superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and the uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2), which may be related to PRL-3 suppression induced mitochondria superoxide anion. Superoxides 193-209 uncoupling protein 2 Homo sapiens 123-127 30279321-2 2018 Mitochondria are the source of up to 90% of cellular ROS generation, and MnSOD performs its necessary bioprotective role by converting superoxide into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 135-145 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 73-78 30298646-5 2018 The inhibition of Wnt signaling in injured mesangial cells is likely attributed to the high glucose-induced Ras/Rac1 dependent superoxide formation. Superoxides 127-137 Rac family small GTPase 1 Mus musculus 112-116 29981238-10 2018 CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS: Angiotensin II in the CNS facilitates micturition reflex by inhibiting central GABAergic activity and activating the AT1 receptor/PLC/PKC/NADPH oxidase/superoxide anion pathway. Superoxides 182-198 angiotensin II receptor, type 1a Rattus norvegicus 147-150 30309285-9 2018 The results indicate that global DMT1 overexpression causes decreased superoxide generation upon stimulation in inflammatory cells, which presumably delayed the promotional stage of crocidolite-induced mesothelial carcinogenesis. Superoxides 70-80 solute carrier family 11 (proton-coupled divalent metal ion transporters), member 2 Mus musculus 33-37 29966697-8 2018 These data indicate that, in conditions close to pathophysiological, matrix NADPH oxidoreductase(s), presumably, an adrenodoxin reductase in complex with adrenodoxin, can essentially contribute to SA flashes associated with transient or irreversible permeability transition pore opening or membrane permeabilization by another mechanism. Superoxides 197-199 ferredoxin reductase Homo sapiens 116-137 29643318-1 2018 BACKGROUND: Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of uric acid from hypoxanthine and xanthine, leading to an increase in superoxide and reactive oxygen species. Superoxides 155-165 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 12-35 29643318-1 2018 BACKGROUND: Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of uric acid from hypoxanthine and xanthine, leading to an increase in superoxide and reactive oxygen species. Superoxides 155-165 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 37-40 29466765-0 2018 Genetic or pharmacological superoxide-hydrogen peroxide imbalances modulate the in vitro effects of lithium on glycogen synthase kinase-3beta. Superoxides 27-37 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta Homo sapiens 111-141 29466765-3 2018 Previous investigations described association between a genetic superoxide-hydrogen (S-HP) imbalance caused by a superoxide dismutase manganese dependent gene polymorphism (Val16Ala-SOD2 SNP, rs4880) and differential anti-inflammatory response of some drugs and bioactive molecules. Superoxides 64-74 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 182-186 29594097-5 2018 We show that cadmium telluride (CdTe) QDs with conduction band (CB) position at -0.5 V with respect to Normal Hydrogen Electron (NHE) and visible 2.4 eV bandgap generate a large flux of selective superoxide radicals, thereby demonstrating the effective light-activated therapy. Superoxides 196-206 solute carrier family 9 member C1 Homo sapiens 129-132 29291576-7 2018 The levels of H2O2, O2 -, and OH were increased, but the activities of CAT, GSH-PX, and POD were decreased by GSK-3beta RNA interference. Superoxides 16-18 glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, genome duplicate a Danio rerio 111-120 29282552-1 2018 Superoxide dismutases (SOD) are vital enzymes for disproportionation of superoxide molecules in mammals. Superoxides 72-82 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 23-26 29165597-11 2018 Adding ethacrynic acid or silencing of GSTA1 increased aldosterone secretion by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide, H2O2 levels, and Ca2+ influx. Superoxides 122-132 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Homo sapiens 39-44 29305896-4 2018 When superoxide production was increased by treatment with paraquat, RNR activity was further decreased, with yeast lacking SOD1 being the most sensitive. Superoxides 5-15 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 124-128 29305896-8 2018 Our results demonstrate that protection of RNR from inactivation by superoxide is an important function of SOD, particularly cytoplasmic SOD1. Superoxides 68-78 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 107-110 29305896-8 2018 Our results demonstrate that protection of RNR from inactivation by superoxide is an important function of SOD, particularly cytoplasmic SOD1. Superoxides 68-78 superoxide dismutase SOD1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 137-141 29216769-12 2018 In summary, zinc induces mitophagy through PINK1 and Beclin1 via ERK leading to the prevention of mitochondrial superoxide generation in the setting of H/R. Superoxides 112-122 beclin 1 Rattus norvegicus 53-60 29851012-6 2018 Superoxide dismutase (MnSOD, SOD2) from the mitochondrial matrix, as well as superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD, SOD1) present in small amounts in the mitochondrial intramembrane space, converts superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide, which can be then converted by catalase to harmless H2O.In the chapter we describe a relation between mitochondrial membrane potential and the rate of ROS formation. Superoxides 191-207 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 22-27 29851012-6 2018 Superoxide dismutase (MnSOD, SOD2) from the mitochondrial matrix, as well as superoxide dismutase (Cu/ZnSOD, SOD1) present in small amounts in the mitochondrial intramembrane space, converts superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide, which can be then converted by catalase to harmless H2O.In the chapter we describe a relation between mitochondrial membrane potential and the rate of ROS formation. Superoxides 191-207 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 29-33 27975175-7 2018 NOX2-/- mice are more resistant to synergistic neurotoxicity than NOX2+/+mice in vivo and in vitro, and NOX2 inhibitor protects against synergistic neurotoxicity through decreasing microglial superoxide production, illustrating a critical role of microglial NOX2. Superoxides 192-202 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 0-4 28916474-4 2017 In aging cells, NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), one of the main superoxide generating enzymes, and its associated protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) chaperone were highly activated, and the resultant ER redox imbalance leads to disturbance of protein folding capability, namely endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, ultimately inducing dissociation between HSP90 and IRE-1alpha or PERK, decreasing HSP90 stability and dissociating the binding of eNOS from the HSP90 and leading to eNOS uncoupling. Superoxides 56-66 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 16-31 28916474-4 2017 In aging cells, NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), one of the main superoxide generating enzymes, and its associated protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) chaperone were highly activated, and the resultant ER redox imbalance leads to disturbance of protein folding capability, namely endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, ultimately inducing dissociation between HSP90 and IRE-1alpha or PERK, decreasing HSP90 stability and dissociating the binding of eNOS from the HSP90 and leading to eNOS uncoupling. Superoxides 56-66 NADPH oxidase 4 Homo sapiens 33-37 28916474-4 2017 In aging cells, NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), one of the main superoxide generating enzymes, and its associated protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) chaperone were highly activated, and the resultant ER redox imbalance leads to disturbance of protein folding capability, namely endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, ultimately inducing dissociation between HSP90 and IRE-1alpha or PERK, decreasing HSP90 stability and dissociating the binding of eNOS from the HSP90 and leading to eNOS uncoupling. Superoxides 56-66 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 106-133 28916474-4 2017 In aging cells, NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), one of the main superoxide generating enzymes, and its associated protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) chaperone were highly activated, and the resultant ER redox imbalance leads to disturbance of protein folding capability, namely endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, ultimately inducing dissociation between HSP90 and IRE-1alpha or PERK, decreasing HSP90 stability and dissociating the binding of eNOS from the HSP90 and leading to eNOS uncoupling. Superoxides 56-66 prolyl 4-hydroxylase subunit beta Homo sapiens 135-138 28942246-16 2017 Taken together, these studies demonstrate that HNF1b plays an essential role in controlling hepatic TG homeostasis and insulin sensitivity by regulating DPP4/NOX1mediated generation of superoxide. Superoxides 185-195 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 158-162 28878116-6 2017 NOX2 inhibition decreased LPS-induced superoxide and prevented mitochondrial dysfunction. Superoxides 38-48 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 0-4 28797123-1 2017 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), which catalyzes purine catabolism, has two interconvertible forms, xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase, the latter of which produces superoxide during uric acid (UA) synthesis. Superoxides 196-206 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 24-47 28797123-1 2017 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), which catalyzes purine catabolism, has two interconvertible forms, xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase, the latter of which produces superoxide during uric acid (UA) synthesis. Superoxides 196-206 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 49-52 28797123-1 2017 BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), which catalyzes purine catabolism, has two interconvertible forms, xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase, the latter of which produces superoxide during uric acid (UA) synthesis. Superoxides 196-206 xanthine dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 122-144 28771600-9 2017 An oxidative stress PCR array followed by quantitative PCR revealed that NADPH oxidase-4 (NOX4), an enzyme that generates superoxide, gene expression was up-regulated in arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of klotho mice. Superoxides 122-132 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 73-88 28771600-9 2017 An oxidative stress PCR array followed by quantitative PCR revealed that NADPH oxidase-4 (NOX4), an enzyme that generates superoxide, gene expression was up-regulated in arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of klotho mice. Superoxides 122-132 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 90-94 28568315-9 2017 The superoxide radical degradation pathway was identified as over-represented based on the differential expression of the genes GPX7, SOD2 and TYRP1, suggesting a potential role for oxidative stress or inflammatory pathways among low gain-high intake animals. Superoxides 4-22 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Bos taurus 134-138 28398002-3 2017 Here, we demonstrate that an increase in superoxide anion radicals due to superoxide dismutase 2 (Sod2) deficiency in stromal precursor cells suppress osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation through fundamental changes in the global metabolite landscape. Superoxides 41-66 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 74-96 28398002-3 2017 Here, we demonstrate that an increase in superoxide anion radicals due to superoxide dismutase 2 (Sod2) deficiency in stromal precursor cells suppress osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation through fundamental changes in the global metabolite landscape. Superoxides 41-66 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 98-102 28232171-11 2017 Dopamine decreased the microglial AT1/AT2 ratio leading to inhibition of the pro-inflammatory AT1/NADPH-oxidase/superoxide axis. Superoxides 112-122 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 34-37 28232171-11 2017 Dopamine decreased the microglial AT1/AT2 ratio leading to inhibition of the pro-inflammatory AT1/NADPH-oxidase/superoxide axis. Superoxides 112-122 angiotensin II receptor type 2 Homo sapiens 38-41 28232171-11 2017 Dopamine decreased the microglial AT1/AT2 ratio leading to inhibition of the pro-inflammatory AT1/NADPH-oxidase/superoxide axis. Superoxides 112-122 angiotensin II receptor type 1 Homo sapiens 94-97 28467198-6 2017 Vascular superoxide generation via nicotine adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase ( p < 0.05) was elevated in aorta from diabetic mice which was associated with increased expression of NOX2 ( p < 0.05). Superoxides 9-19 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 197-201 28403150-10 2017 Moreover, PEDF stimulated the production of superoxide by macrophages. Superoxides 44-54 serpin family F member 1 Homo sapiens 10-14 28216161-0 2017 Reduced expression of citrate synthase leads to excessive superoxide formation and cell apoptosis. Superoxides 58-68 citrate synthase Mus musculus 22-38 30263539-6 2017 The hydroxycinnamates also inhibited the irradiation-mediated increases in the mitochondrial superoxide anions of Lin-Sca-1+c-Kit+ (LSK) cells and CD150+CD48- LSK cells in the bone marrow. Superoxides 93-103 lymphocyte protein tyrosine kinase Mus musculus 132-135 28240310-4 2017 Real time PCR, western blot and knock down assays demonstrate that IL-27 is able to enhance the potential of superoxide production not only during differentiation but also in terminally differentiated-macrophages and immature dendritic cells (iDC) in association with the induction of p47phox, a cytosolic component of the ROS producing enzyme, NADPH oxidase, and the increase in amounts of phosphorylated p47phox upon stimulation. Superoxides 109-119 interleukin 27 Homo sapiens 67-72 28038454-4 2017 Furthermore, by over-expression of MnSOD and GPx in cells, we show that ROS, and especially superoxide, is the primary oxidative species induced by intense heat stress and responsible for cell death. Superoxides 92-102 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 35-40 28187742-8 2017 Suppression of cPLA2alpha activity inhibited superoxide production by NOX2-NADPH oxidase and activation of NF-kappaB detected by the phosphorylation of p65 on serine 536 at 15 min by LPS and at 4 h by IFNgamma. Superoxides 45-55 phospholipase A2, group IVA (cytosolic, calcium-dependent) Mus musculus 15-25 28187742-8 2017 Suppression of cPLA2alpha activity inhibited superoxide production by NOX2-NADPH oxidase and activation of NF-kappaB detected by the phosphorylation of p65 on serine 536 at 15 min by LPS and at 4 h by IFNgamma. Superoxides 45-55 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 70-74 28165386-8 2017 Thus, LC-MS/MS analysis revealed multiple oxidative modifications of MNSOD at different amino acid residues that might mediate the regulation of the superoxide radicals, mitochondrial ROS scavenging and MNSOD activity in kidney cancer. Superoxides 149-159 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 69-74 29047081-6 2017 In parallel with these different cellular sites of superoxide production, the three SOD isoforms are also specifically localized to the cytosol (SOD1), mitochondria (SOD2) or extracellular compartment (SOD3). Superoxides 51-61 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 166-170 27556956-6 2017 The production of superoxide anion in KO-Rtp801 MLF was lower than that in Rtp801 Wt cells after CSE treatment, and it was inhibited in Wt MLF by silencing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-4 (Nox4) expression with small interfering Nox4 RNA. Superoxides 18-34 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 156-209 27556956-6 2017 The production of superoxide anion in KO-Rtp801 MLF was lower than that in Rtp801 Wt cells after CSE treatment, and it was inhibited in Wt MLF by silencing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-4 (Nox4) expression with small interfering Nox4 RNA. Superoxides 18-34 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 211-215 27556956-6 2017 The production of superoxide anion in KO-Rtp801 MLF was lower than that in Rtp801 Wt cells after CSE treatment, and it was inhibited in Wt MLF by silencing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase-4 (Nox4) expression with small interfering Nox4 RNA. Superoxides 18-34 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 251-255 27634671-12 2017 Knockdown of NOX4 caused an increased mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased mitochondrial superoxide levels, reduced number of apoptotic cells, decreased lipid accumulation, and improved ATP levels and NAD+/NADH ratio after ethanol treatment. Superoxides 96-106 NADPH oxidase 4 Mus musculus 13-17 27335373-7 2016 We demonstrate that Plg treatment of podocytes specifically upregulates NADPH oxidase isoforms NOX2/NOX4 and increases production of mitochondrial-dependent superoxide anion (O2-) that promotes endothelin-1 synthesis. Superoxides 157-173 plasminogen Homo sapiens 20-23 27335373-7 2016 We demonstrate that Plg treatment of podocytes specifically upregulates NADPH oxidase isoforms NOX2/NOX4 and increases production of mitochondrial-dependent superoxide anion (O2-) that promotes endothelin-1 synthesis. Superoxides 175-177 plasminogen Homo sapiens 20-23 27838438-7 2016 Signaling steps disrupted by both siLRRC8A and DCPIB included; extracellular O2 - production by Nox1, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation and endocytosis of TNFR1. Superoxides 77-79 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 96-100 27838438-10 2016 Reducing JNK expression (siJNK) increased extracellular O2 - suggesting that JNK provides important negative feedback regulation to Nox1 at the plasma membrane. Superoxides 56-58 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 132-136 27897222-3 2016 Gp91phox, a plasma membrane subunit of NADPH oxidase (Nox), is constitutively expressed in BMMs and plays a major role in superoxide anion production. Superoxides 122-138 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 0-8 27897222-9 2016 Treating wild-type BMMs with antioxidants and superoxide inhibitors resulted in a differentiation defect resembling the phenotype of gp91phox-/- BMMs. Superoxides 46-56 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 133-144 27897222-10 2016 Therefore, our results demonstrate that gp91phox-derived superoxide is important for promoting efficient osteoclast differentiation by inducing NFATc1 as a downstream signaling mediator of RANK. Superoxides 57-67 cytochrome b-245, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 40-48 27920727-2 2016 Recent evidence demonstrates that enhanced levels of the L-arginine:ureahydrolase, including the two isoenzymes arginase-I (Arg-I) and arginase-II (Arg-II) in vascular endothelial cells promote uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), leading to increased superoxide radical anion and decreased NO production thereby endothelial dysfunction. Superoxides 271-295 arginase, liver Mus musculus 112-122 27874952-2 2016 In particular, superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1), a member of Nox enzyme family, is highly expressed in the colon tissue and has been implicated in physiological and pathophysiological states of colon cancer. Superoxides 15-25 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 37-52 27874952-2 2016 In particular, superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase 1 (Nox1), a member of Nox enzyme family, is highly expressed in the colon tissue and has been implicated in physiological and pathophysiological states of colon cancer. Superoxides 15-25 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 54-58 26882122-2 2016 Superoxide anions are metabolized by manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (MnSOD or SOD2) in the mitochondria. Superoxides 0-17 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 79-84 26882122-2 2016 Superoxide anions are metabolized by manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (MnSOD or SOD2) in the mitochondria. Superoxides 0-17 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 88-92 27632208-3 2016 A small hydrolase enzyme of guanosine triphosphate (GTPase) rac1 plays a role in the F-actin dynamics related to the synaptic plasticity, as well as superoxide production via reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activation. Superoxides 149-159 Rac family small GTPase 1 Mus musculus 60-64 27389323-10 2016 The increased levels of superoxide, as well as peroxynitrite, coexist with the impaired vasodilation related to ATP-sensitive K(+) channels and CSE. Superoxides 24-34 cystathionine gamma-lyase Rattus norvegicus 144-147 26876598-2 2016 In particular, superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase (Nox) 1 is highly expressed in the colon and has been implicated in physiological and pathophysiological states of colon tissues. Superoxides 15-25 NADPH oxidase 1 Mus musculus 37-58 27094494-0 2016 Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) supports NADPH oxidase1 (Nox1)-based superoxide generation and cell migration. Superoxides 61-71 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 0-15 27094494-0 2016 Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) supports NADPH oxidase1 (Nox1)-based superoxide generation and cell migration. Superoxides 61-71 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 17-22 27094494-0 2016 Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) supports NADPH oxidase1 (Nox1)-based superoxide generation and cell migration. Superoxides 61-71 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 33-47 27094494-0 2016 Peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6) supports NADPH oxidase1 (Nox1)-based superoxide generation and cell migration. Superoxides 61-71 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 49-53 27094494-5 2016 We demonstrated in several cell models that Prdx6 knockdown suppresses Nox1 activity, whereas enhanced Prdx6 expression supports higher Nox1-derived superoxide production. Superoxides 149-159 peroxiredoxin 6 Homo sapiens 103-108 27094494-5 2016 We demonstrated in several cell models that Prdx6 knockdown suppresses Nox1 activity, whereas enhanced Prdx6 expression supports higher Nox1-derived superoxide production. Superoxides 149-159 NADPH oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 136-140 27174562-9 2016 Mitochondria from rat receiving miR-22 inhibitor 48h before ischemia were found to have a significantly less mitochondrial superoxide production and greater mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production as compared with rat receiving miR control. Superoxides 123-133 microRNA 22 Rattus norvegicus 32-38 27227512-1 2016 Human Mn-containing superoxide dismutase (hMnSOD) is a mitochondrial enzyme that metabolizes superoxide radical (O2( -)). Superoxides 93-111 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 42-48 27227512-1 2016 Human Mn-containing superoxide dismutase (hMnSOD) is a mitochondrial enzyme that metabolizes superoxide radical (O2( -)). Superoxides 113-116 superoxide dismutase 2 Homo sapiens 42-48 24147028-7 2013 Additionally, WIN55,212-2 inhibits gp120-induced superoxide production by purified human microglial cells, inhibits migration of human microglia towards supernatants generated from gp120-stimulated human mesencephalic neuronal/glial cultures and reduces chemokine and cytokine production from the human mesencephalic neuronal/glial cultures. Superoxides 49-59 inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 Homo sapiens 35-40 23419712-7 2013 Superoxide anion-inducing agent LY83583 downregulated MYPT1 mRNA and protein levels, but did not affect the phosphorylation of MYPT1 and catalytic subunit of MP, PP1delta. Superoxides 0-16 protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 12A Mus musculus 54-59 23637640-6 2013 Using Acon enzymatic mutants, and expression of mitoferritin that scavenges free iron, we show that [4Fe-4S] cluster inactivation, as a result of increased superoxide in pink1 mutants, results in oxidative stress and mitochondrial swelling. Superoxides 156-166 PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 170-175 23564995-11 2013 MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Relative to wild-type mice, CHOP-/- mice conferred resistance to oxidative stress (superoxide production/ carbonyl proteins) in brain regions examined: cortex, hippocampus, and motor nuclei. Superoxides 114-124 DNA-damage inducible transcript 3 Mus musculus 59-63 23280471-7 2013 Tamoxifen-induced up-regulation of renal kallikrein expression increased nitric oxide production and dampened renal superoxide production and inflammatory cell infiltration, alluding to some of the pathways through which kallikreins may be operating within the kidneys. Superoxides 116-126 kallikrein 1-related peptidase b9 Mus musculus 41-51 23314732-7 2013 The superoxide dismutase mimetic antioxidant MnTBaP [Mn (III) tetrakis (4-benzonic acid) porphyrin chloride] inhibited the H(2)O(2)-induced O(2)- generation, apoptosis and XBP-1 and caspase-12 activation at comparable concentrations. Superoxides 127-131 X-box binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 172-177 23118353-0 2013 Protein disulfide isomerase in ALS mouse glia links protein misfolding with NADPH oxidase-catalyzed superoxide production. Superoxides 100-110 prolyl 4-hydroxylase, beta polypeptide Mus musculus 0-27 23142710-0 2013 Superoxide anion mediates the L-selectin down-regulation induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in human neutrophils. Superoxides 0-16 selectin L Homo sapiens 30-40 23142710-7 2013 In accordance with these results, neutrophils from patients with chronic granulomatous disease, a hereditary disease in which neutrophils show a reduced capacity to form superoxide radicals, exhibited a lower down-regulation of L-selectin (IC50: 15.3 mug/ml) compared to normal controls (IC50: 5.6 mug/ml) in response to diclofenac. Superoxides 170-180 selectin L Homo sapiens 228-238 23142710-8 2013 CONCLUSION: A group of NSAIDs is capable of interfering with the ability of neutrophils to interact with endothelial cells by triggering L-selectin-shedding through the NADPH-oxidase-dependent generation of superoxide anion at the plasma membrane. Superoxides 207-223 selectin L Homo sapiens 137-147 24033955-2 2013 The P22phox subunit of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAPDH) oxidase, encoded by the cytochrome b245a polypeptide gene, CYBA, plays a key role in superoxide anion production. Superoxides 160-176 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 134-138 24069041-6 2013 Despite the lack of a granule localized storage pool of receptors, the PAF-induced superoxide production could be primed; receptor mobilization was, thus, not required for priming of the PAF response. Superoxides 83-93 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 71-74 23091050-7 2012 In summary, our data show that increased O(2)( -) production by XOR selectively uncouples eNOS activity and abolishes the negative inotropic effect of beta(3)-AR stimulation in nNOS(-/-) myocytes. Superoxides 41-45 adrenergic receptor, beta 3 Mus musculus 151-161 22632894-4 2012 Increased glomerular superoxide levels were observed in SOD1(-/-)SOD3(+/+) and SOD1(-/-)SOD3(-/-) C57BL/6-Akita mice but not in SOD1(+/+)SOD3(-/-) C57BL/6-Akita mice. Superoxides 21-31 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 65-69 22632894-4 2012 Increased glomerular superoxide levels were observed in SOD1(-/-)SOD3(+/+) and SOD1(-/-)SOD3(-/-) C57BL/6-Akita mice but not in SOD1(+/+)SOD3(-/-) C57BL/6-Akita mice. Superoxides 21-31 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 88-92 22632894-4 2012 Increased glomerular superoxide levels were observed in SOD1(-/-)SOD3(+/+) and SOD1(-/-)SOD3(-/-) C57BL/6-Akita mice but not in SOD1(+/+)SOD3(-/-) C57BL/6-Akita mice. Superoxides 21-31 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 88-92 23065119-3 2012 In the present work we demonstrate that heterologously expressed AAO1 and AAO3, two prominent members of the AO family from Arabidopsis thaliana, do not only generate hydrogen peroxide but also superoxide anions by transferring aldehyde-derived electrons to molecular oxygen. Superoxides 194-211 aldehyde oxidase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 65-69 23065119-5 2012 In addition to their aldehyde oxidation activity, AAO1 and AAO3 were found to exhibit NADH oxidase activity, which likewise is associated with the production of superoxide anions. Superoxides 161-178 aldehyde oxidase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 50-54 22824301-10 2012 Additionally, a substantially increased level of mitochondrial superoxide production, and a markedly decreased repair capacity for oxidative DNA damage were observed in the mitochondria of both RecQL4 deficient human fibroblasts and RecQL4-suppressed cancer cells. Superoxides 63-73 RecQ like helicase 4 Homo sapiens 194-200 22824301-10 2012 Additionally, a substantially increased level of mitochondrial superoxide production, and a markedly decreased repair capacity for oxidative DNA damage were observed in the mitochondria of both RecQL4 deficient human fibroblasts and RecQL4-suppressed cancer cells. Superoxides 63-73 RecQ like helicase 4 Homo sapiens 233-239 23107895-1 2012 Renalase is a novel flavoprotein, highly expressed in kidney and heart, which metabolizes catecholamines and catecholamine-like substances via a superoxide (O2(-))-dependent mechanism using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) as a cofactor. Superoxides 145-155 renalase, FAD dependent amine oxidase Homo sapiens 0-8 23107895-1 2012 Renalase is a novel flavoprotein, highly expressed in kidney and heart, which metabolizes catecholamines and catecholamine-like substances via a superoxide (O2(-))-dependent mechanism using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) as a cofactor. Superoxides 157-163 renalase, FAD dependent amine oxidase Homo sapiens 0-8 22708815-0 2012 CYP2C29 produces superoxide in response to shear stress. Superoxides 17-27 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily c, polypeptide 29 Mus musculus 0-7 22708815-1 2012 OBJECTIVE: Activation of CYP2C29 releases superoxide during shear stress-induced dilation (SSID). Superoxides 42-52 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily c, polypeptide 29 Mus musculus 25-32 22708815-10 2012 CONCLUSIONS: CYP2C29 synthesizes EETs to mediate SSID, and simultaneously releases superoxide and sequential H(2)O(2), which in turn impair SSID. Superoxides 83-93 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily c, polypeptide 29 Mus musculus 13-20 23772366-3 2012 RvE1 blocked p47phox translocation to plasma membrane induced by CSE in a macrophage cell line, RAW264.7 cells, resulting in suppression of superoxide production. Superoxides 140-150 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 13-20 22912383-0 2012 Increased superoxide and endothelial NO synthase uncoupling in blood vessels of Bmal1-knockout mice. Superoxides 10-20 aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like Mus musculus 80-85 22912383-5 2012 Aortae from Bmal1-KO mice exhibited enhanced superoxide levels as determined by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and dihydroethidium fluorescence, an elevation that was abrogated by administration of nitro-l-arginine methyl ester. Superoxides 45-55 aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like Mus musculus 12-17 22920572-6 2012 The reactive species likely responsible for in vivo degradation appears to be superoxide anion, as the in vivo results were in agreement with in vitro degradation via superoxide anion, while cholesterol esterase, known to degrade similar poly(alkylene carbonate)s, had no affect on elastomer degradation. Superoxides 78-94 carboxyl ester lipase Homo sapiens 191-211 22930723-9 2012 RESULTS: In response to hyperoxia, enhanced eNOS expression led to increased NOS-derived superoxide and dysfunctional NO production, NT accumulation, and exacerbated vessel closure associated with tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) insufficiency. Superoxides 89-99 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 44-48 22930723-12 2012 Enhanced recovery was also associated with neovascular tuft formation, which showed defective NO production and increased eNOS-derived superoxide and NT levels. Superoxides 135-145 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 122-126 22824861-7 2012 Interestingly, the activation of ASK1 was mediated by hydrogen peroxide rather than superoxide anions as PEG-catalase but not PEG-SOD suppressed its activation. Superoxides 84-94 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 Homo sapiens 33-37 22784235-0 2012 Uncoupling of eNOS causes superoxide anion production and impairs NO signaling in the cerebral microvessels of hph-1 mice. Superoxides 26-42 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 14-18 22784235-3 2012 In the cerebral microvessels of hph-1(+/-) and hph-1(-/-) mice, increased superoxide anion production was inhibited by supplementation of BH(4) or NOS inhibitor- L- N(G) -nitro arginine-methyl ester, indicative of eNOS uncoupling. Superoxides 74-90 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 214-218 22677363-0 2012 Tanshinone II-A inhibits oxidized LDL-induced LOX-1 expression in macrophages by reducing intracellular superoxide radical generation and NF-kappaB activation. Superoxides 104-122 oxidized low density lipoprotein (lectin-like) receptor 1 Mus musculus 46-51 22461303-3 2012 We hypothesized that luminal ANG II stimulates CTGF via activation of protein kinase C (PKC), NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), and enhanced production of superoxide (O(2)(-)). Superoxides 157-161 connective tissue growth factor Oryctolagus cuniculus 47-51 22484311-5 2012 Briefly, MCL-1 specific inhibited fMLP-induced superoxide anion production in a concentration-dependent (IC(50)=0.16+-0.01 muM) and Tec kinase-dependent manner, however, MCL-1 did not affect fMLP-induced cathepsin G release. Superoxides 47-63 MCL1 apoptosis regulator, BCL2 family member Homo sapiens 9-14 22950046-5 2012 SOD2, also known as MnSOD, is targeted to mitochondria and is instrumental in regulating ROS by conversion of superoxides to hydrogen peroxide, which is further broken down into H(2)O and oxygen. Superoxides 110-121 Superoxide dismutase 2 (Mn) Drosophila melanogaster 0-4 22950046-5 2012 SOD2, also known as MnSOD, is targeted to mitochondria and is instrumental in regulating ROS by conversion of superoxides to hydrogen peroxide, which is further broken down into H(2)O and oxygen. Superoxides 110-121 Superoxide dismutase 2 (Mn) Drosophila melanogaster 20-25 22579869-3 2012 And the antioxidant activities of PPS were investigated in vitro including reducing power, hydroxyl assay, superoxide radical assay and DPPH scavenge activity. Superoxides 107-125 inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase K Homo sapiens 34-37 22573891-0 2012 GBF1 bears a novel phosphatidylinositol-phosphate binding module, BP3K, to link PI3Kgamma activity with Arf1 activation involved in GPCR-mediated neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide production. Superoxides 172-182 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma Homo sapiens 80-89 22573891-7 2012 Our results identify a novel mechanism that links PI3Kgamma activity with chemotaxis and superoxide production in GPCR signaling. Superoxides 89-99 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma Homo sapiens 50-59 22580330-3 2012 Specifically knockdown of G6PD protein expression in hippocampus CA1 subregion at early reperfusion period (1-24 h) with a strategy to pre-treated G6PD AS-ODNs significantly reduced G6PD activity and NADPH level, an effect correlated with attenuation of NADPH oxidase activation and superoxide anion production. Superoxides 283-299 carbonic anhydrase 1 Rattus norvegicus 65-68 22260450-2 2012 The purpose of this study was to investigate whether klotho gene transfer attenuates superoxide production and oxidative stress in rat aorta smooth muscle (RASM) cells. Superoxides 85-95 Klotho Rattus norvegicus 53-59 22260450-6 2012 Klotho gene transfer decreased intracellular superoxide production and oxidative stress in RASM cells. Superoxides 45-55 Klotho Rattus norvegicus 0-6 22260450-7 2012 Klotho gene expression also significantly attenuated the angiotensin II (AngII)-induced superoxide production, oxidative damage, and apoptosis. Superoxides 88-98 Klotho Rattus norvegicus 0-6 22260450-12 2012 Klotho not only downregulated Nox2 protein expression and intracellular superoxide production but also attenuated AngII-induced superoxide production, oxidative damage, and apoptosis. Superoxides 72-82 Klotho Rattus norvegicus 0-6 22260450-12 2012 Klotho not only downregulated Nox2 protein expression and intracellular superoxide production but also attenuated AngII-induced superoxide production, oxidative damage, and apoptosis. Superoxides 128-138 Klotho Rattus norvegicus 0-6 22467312-1 2012 The endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) requires tetrahydrobiopterin (H(4)B) as a cofactor and, in its absence, produces superoxide (O(2)( -)) rather than nitric oxide (NO( )), a condition referred to as eNOS uncoupling. Superoxides 126-136 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 4-37 22467312-1 2012 The endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) requires tetrahydrobiopterin (H(4)B) as a cofactor and, in its absence, produces superoxide (O(2)( -)) rather than nitric oxide (NO( )), a condition referred to as eNOS uncoupling. Superoxides 138-142 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 4-37 22535762-10 2012 Taken together, our results show that the anthocyanin C3G prevents or reverses hypercholesterolemia-induced endothelial dysfunction by inhibiting cholesterol and 7-oxysterol accumulation in the aorta and the subsequent decrease in superoxide production, thereby preserving eNOS activity and NO bioavailability. Superoxides 231-241 Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 1 Mus musculus 54-57 22335598-0 2012 Ligand-activated PPARdelta inhibits UVB-induced senescence of human keratinocytes via PTEN-mediated inhibition of superoxide production. Superoxides 114-124 phosphatase and tensin homolog Homo sapiens 86-90 22465246-9 2012 These findings suggest that Ang II-NADPH oxidase-superoxide signaling chronically regulates the protein expression of the HCN channels in rat nodose neurons. Superoxides 49-59 cyclic nucleotide gated channel subunit alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 122-125 22307906-6 2012 In response to LPS, MKP5-deficient macrophages produced significantly more inflammatory factors including inflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide, and superoxide. Superoxides 148-158 dual specificity phosphatase 10 Mus musculus 20-24 21604272-0 2012 NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide anion-induced apoptosis is mediated via the JNK-dependent activation of NF-kappaB in cardiomyocytes exposed to high glucose. Superoxides 22-38 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 77-80 22405822-11 2012 These results suggest that the stimulation of mouse iPS cells with AT(1)R may enhance LIF-induced DNA synthesis, by augmenting the generation of superoxide and activating JAK/STAT3, and that AT(1)R stimulation may enhance Col IV-induced differentiation into mesodermal progenitor cells via p38 MAPK activation. Superoxides 145-155 angiotensin II, type I receptor-associated protein Mus musculus 67-73 22219181-1 2012 We recently demonstrated that hyperoxia (HO) activates lung endothelial cell NADPH oxidase and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS)/superoxide via Src-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of p47(phox) and cortactin. Superoxides 135-145 Rous sarcoma oncogene Mus musculus 150-153 22219181-1 2012 We recently demonstrated that hyperoxia (HO) activates lung endothelial cell NADPH oxidase and generates reactive oxygen species (ROS)/superoxide via Src-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of p47(phox) and cortactin. Superoxides 135-145 milk fat globule EGF and factor V/VIII domain containing Mus musculus 192-201 22395609-4 2012 Knocking down glutathione peroxidase-1 drastically increases superoxide anion in cells synthesizing mitochondrial gamma-glutamylcysteine. Superoxides 61-77 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 14-38 22213462-13 2012 These findings suggest that the superoxide anion-MEK-ERK-MLCK-MLC signaling mediates IS-induced junctional dispersal of BPAECs. Superoxides 32-48 myosin light chain kinase Homo sapiens 57-61 22116513-5 2012 CLP caused NADPH oxidase activation and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling to produce superoxide, increased NO production by inducible NOS (iNOS) and neuronal NOS (nNOS) activity, and elevated 3-nitrotyrosine (a product of peroxynitrite) formation and PP2A activity in the hindlimb skeletal muscles at 12 h after CLP. Superoxides 103-113 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 40-73 22158615-2 2012 Here we report that stimulation of DR4 and/or DR5 by the agonistic protein KD548-Fc, an Fc-fused DR4/DR5 dual-specific Kringle domain variant, activates plasma membrane-associated Nox1 NADPH oxidase to generate superoxide anion and subsequently accumulates intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to sustained c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation and eventual apoptotic cell death in human HeLa and Jurkat tumor cells. Superoxides 211-227 TNF receptor superfamily member 10b Homo sapiens 46-49 22158615-2 2012 Here we report that stimulation of DR4 and/or DR5 by the agonistic protein KD548-Fc, an Fc-fused DR4/DR5 dual-specific Kringle domain variant, activates plasma membrane-associated Nox1 NADPH oxidase to generate superoxide anion and subsequently accumulates intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to sustained c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation and eventual apoptotic cell death in human HeLa and Jurkat tumor cells. Superoxides 211-227 TNF receptor superfamily member 10b Homo sapiens 101-104 22223334-7 2012 This indicates that GS inhibits the production of superoxide by regulating a component of NAD(P)H oxidase, p22(phox). Superoxides 50-60 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 107-110 22108622-4 2012 Using hydroethidine (Het) method, the fluorescent signal of the oxidized products of Het (reflecting O(2) (-) production) significantly increased (by 50%-60%) following 60 min lasting seizures in all the studied structures, namely CA1, CA3 and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, cerebral cortex and thalamus. Superoxides 101-107 carbonic anhydrase 1 Rattus norvegicus 231-234 22064362-3 2012 Superoxide production was measured in attached INS1E cells as a function of glucose concentration, by following in real time the oxidation of dihydroethidine. Superoxides 0-10 insulin 1 Rattus norvegicus 47-51 23139859-5 2012 The mechanism involved impaired early neutrophil recruitment to the liver with Fpr1 and Fpr2 being sole receptors for neutrophils to sense Listeria chemoattractant signals and for production of bactericidal superoxide. Superoxides 207-217 formyl peptide receptor 1 Mus musculus 79-83 21940665-9 2011 These findings suggest that endogenous angiotensin II-NADPH oxidase-superoxide signaling contributes to the enhanced HCN currents and the depressed cell excitation in the aortic baroreceptor neurons of diabetic rats. Superoxides 68-78 cyclic nucleotide gated channel subunit alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 117-120 21826531-8 2011 Superoxide production was higher in both MAT and SMA of Lepr(db) mice, and anti-IFNgamma reduced MAT and SMA superoxide production. Superoxides 0-10 leptin receptor Mus musculus 56-60 21799125-10 2011 The increased PA contractility induced by 100% O(2) was reversed by scavenging superoxide anions with superoxide dismutase and catalase. Superoxides 79-96 catalase Ovis aries 127-135 22002675-0 2011 Hyperglycemia promotes tissue plasminogen activator-induced hemorrhage by Increasing superoxide production. Superoxides 85-95 plasminogen activator, tissue type Rattus norvegicus 23-51 22002675-11 2011 INTERPRETATION: These findings demonstrate a causal relationship between hyperglycemia and hemorrhage in an animal model of tPA stroke treatment, and suggest that this effect of hyperglycemia is mediated through an increase in superoxide production by NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 227-237 plasminogen activator, tissue type Rattus norvegicus 124-127 21708247-6 2011 The critical role of NADPH-oxidase-dependent superoxide generation in this cross-talk mechanism is corroborated by the finding that apocynin or a siRNA against p22(phox) prevents EGFR transactivation and c-Src kinase activity. Superoxides 45-55 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 160-163 21703327-12 2011 Scavengers for O(2)(-), ONOO(-) or NO attenuated induction of ATF4 by CSE. Superoxides 15-19 choreoathetosis/spasticity, episodic (paroxysmal choreoathetosis/spasticity) Homo sapiens 70-73 21703327-14 2011 These results suggest that O(2)(-) and ONOO(-) are selectively involved in CSE-triggered induction of CHOP and that the PERK-eIF2alpha pathway plays a crucial role in the induction of CHOP and apoptosis downstream of the particular reactive oxygen species. Superoxides 27-31 choreoathetosis/spasticity, episodic (paroxysmal choreoathetosis/spasticity) Homo sapiens 75-78 21475303-7 2011 Short-term, but not prolonged inhibition of TAK1 interfered with the activation of p38/MAPK and JNK by OGD, the induction of the pro-oxidative genes Cox-2, Nox-2, and p40(phox), and the formation of superoxide. Superoxides 199-209 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 Homo sapiens 44-48 22156677-5 2011 Superoxide radicals as secondary messengers involve in the induction of T cells viability and proliferative activity regulating genes (CD95L and IL-2) and by this way contribute modification of cell proliferation and apoptosis intensity. Superoxides 0-19 Fas ligand Homo sapiens 135-140 21966644-7 2011 RESULTS: Superoxide levels increased 1.4-fold in the muscle of mice with cancer cachexia, and this was associated with a decrease in mRNA of NOX enzyme subunits, NOX2, p40(phox) and p67(phox) along with the antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2 and GPx. Superoxides 9-19 methionine aminopeptidase 2 Mus musculus 182-185 21690092-5 2011 We propose that trace amounts of peroxide previously proposed to occur in NADH solutions as well as solid NADH activate IDO and lead to aerobic formation of superoxide and the reactive dioxygen adduct of the enzyme. Superoxides 157-167 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 120-123 21712825-3 2011 In addition, UCP suppress the generation of superoxide, a byproduct of mitochondrial electron transport and a major source of oxidative stress. Superoxides 44-54 uncoupling protein 1 Homo sapiens 13-16 20682584-5 2011 All particle-ligand complexes stimulated the release of nitric oxide, but only beads coated with IgG, complement factors or FN caused production of superoxide. Superoxides 148-158 fibronectin 1 Mus musculus 124-126 21497059-9 2011 Aripiprazole proved to inhibit the O(2)(-) generation through the cascade of protein kinase C (PKC) activation, intracellular Ca(2+) regulation and NADPH oxidase activation via cytosolic p47(phox) translocation to the plasma/phagosomal membranes. Superoxides 36-40 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 188-191 21515682-4 2011 In addition, cav1 KO mice exhibited elevated inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-12a), decreased phagocytic ability of macrophages, and increased superoxide release in the lung, liver, and kidney. Superoxides 158-168 caveolin 1, caveolae protein Mus musculus 13-17 21602838-4 2011 ClC-3 may function as a key component of the volume-regulated Cl(-) channels, a superoxide anion transport and/or NADPH oxidase interaction partner, and a regulator of many other transporters. Superoxides 80-96 chloride voltage-gated channel 3 Homo sapiens 0-5 21194376-0 2011 Hsp90 regulates NADPH oxidase activity and is necessary for superoxide but not hydrogen peroxide production. Superoxides 60-70 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 21194376-1 2011 The goal of this study was to identify whether heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) regulates the production of superoxide and other reactive oxygen species from the NADPH oxidases (Nox). Superoxides 105-115 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 47-68 21194376-1 2011 The goal of this study was to identify whether heat-shock protein 90 (Hsp90) regulates the production of superoxide and other reactive oxygen species from the NADPH oxidases (Nox). Superoxides 105-115 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 70-75 21194376-2 2011 We found that pharmacological and genetic inhibition of Hsp90 directly reduced Nox5-derived superoxide without secondarily modifying signaling events. Superoxides 92-102 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 56-61 21194376-2 2011 We found that pharmacological and genetic inhibition of Hsp90 directly reduced Nox5-derived superoxide without secondarily modifying signaling events. Superoxides 92-102 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 79-83 21194376-5 2011 Inhibitors of Hsp90 also reduced superoxide from Nox1, Nox2 (neutrophils), and Nox3. Superoxides 33-43 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 14-19 21194376-9 2011 We conclude that Hsp90 binds to the C-terminus of Noxes1-3 and 5 and is necessary for enzyme stability and superoxide production. Superoxides 107-117 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 17-22 21860589-5 2011 Furthermore, CLE-dependent arginase inhibition resulted in increase of NO generation and decrease of superoxide production on endothelium of isolated mice aorta. Superoxides 101-111 closed eyes and microphthalmia Mus musculus 13-16 21463685-4 2011 Under hypoxic conditions, multipotent RPCs upregulate Epo receptors, and Epo, along with insulin, protects against both superoxide- and severe hypoxia- (0.25% O2) induced apoptosis through activation of the canonical PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Superoxides 120-130 erythropoietin Rattus norvegicus 73-76 21443430-6 2011 This decrease in superoxide release was accompanied by diminished mRNA expression for subunit p47(phox) of the phagocyte superoxide-generating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase. Superoxides 17-27 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 94-97 21443430-6 2011 This decrease in superoxide release was accompanied by diminished mRNA expression for subunit p47(phox) of the phagocyte superoxide-generating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase. Superoxides 121-131 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 94-97 21300143-6 2011 Also DJ-1 null cells generated less superoxide than SN4741 cells by paraquat treatment. Superoxides 36-46 Parkinson disease (autosomal recessive, early onset) 7 Mus musculus 5-9 21544240-5 2011 Silencing S6K1 in senescent cells reduced superoxide generation and enhanced NO production. Superoxides 42-52 ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1 Rattus norvegicus 10-14 21117892-6 2011 Superoxide anion output was associated with enhanced expression of osteopontin (x7.7) and accumulation of pro-collagen type I (x3.7). Superoxides 0-16 secreted phosphoprotein 1 Homo sapiens 67-78 21193407-12 2011 Stimulation with NB1-activating mAb triggered degranulation and superoxide production in mNB1(pos)/mPR3(high) neutrophils, and this effect was reduced using blocking antibodies to CD11b. Superoxides 64-74 CD177 molecule Homo sapiens 17-20 21156216-1 2011 Although extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), which scavenges the superoxide anion in extracellular spaces, has previously been implicated in the prenatal pulmonary response to oxidative stress in the developing lungs, little is currently known regarding the schematic expression pattern and the roles played by EC-SOD during embryogenesis. Superoxides 74-90 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 45-51 21095183-5 2011 Compounds 1-10 gave rise to a calcium response in the FPR2 transfectants with EC(50) values ranging from 4x10(-9)M to 2x10(-7)M. All 10 compounds activated human neutrophils to release superoxide, and based on the potency of their activity, the three most potent activators of the neutrophil NADPH-oxidase were further characterized. Superoxides 185-195 formyl peptide receptor 2 Homo sapiens 54-58 21068072-9 2011 Our results suggest that in hypoxic MSCs the increase in intracellular superoxide levels induced by high-glucose concentrations may attenuate hypoxia-induced HIF-1alpha expression, which in turn attenuates hypoxia-induced VEGF-A165 and PDGF-B transcription. Superoxides 71-81 hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit Mus musculus 158-168 21068072-9 2011 Our results suggest that in hypoxic MSCs the increase in intracellular superoxide levels induced by high-glucose concentrations may attenuate hypoxia-induced HIF-1alpha expression, which in turn attenuates hypoxia-induced VEGF-A165 and PDGF-B transcription. Superoxides 71-81 platelet derived growth factor, B polypeptide Mus musculus 236-242 21072051-2 2011 Using targeted approaches against components of the superoxide-producing NADPH-oxidases, including NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), NOX4 and the common p22(phox) subunit of NOX1-4, myeloid cells were found to display reduced cell growth and spontaneous migration. Superoxides 52-62 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 143-146 20934416-1 2011 NADPH oxidase, catalysing superoxide radical (O2(.-)) formation, is considered as a main source of reactive oxygen species in kidneys and its increased activity is supposed to be involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Superoxides 26-44 NADPH oxidase 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 0-13 20934416-1 2011 NADPH oxidase, catalysing superoxide radical (O2(.-)) formation, is considered as a main source of reactive oxygen species in kidneys and its increased activity is supposed to be involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Superoxides 46-48 NADPH oxidase 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 0-13 20706193-1 2011 BACKGROUND: gp91(PHOX), a catalytic subunit of NAD(P)H oxidase, is involved in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced superoxide (O2-) generation. Superoxides 111-121 paired Ig-like receptor B Mus musculus 12-16 20706193-1 2011 BACKGROUND: gp91(PHOX), a catalytic subunit of NAD(P)H oxidase, is involved in angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced superoxide (O2-) generation. Superoxides 123-125 paired Ig-like receptor B Mus musculus 12-16 20708598-2 2011 It becomes active when membrane-bound cytochrome b(558), the redox core, is assembled with cytosolic p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and rac proteins to produce superoxide, the precursor for generation of toxic reactive oxygen species. Superoxides 162-172 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 101-104 21114366-9 2011 Treatment with rAPN markedly decreased superoxide production (-62 %, P<0.05) and enhanced antioxidant capacity (+38 %, P<0.05) in hyperlipidemic platelets. Superoxides 39-49 alanyl aminopeptidase, membrane Rattus norvegicus 15-19 22140445-3 2011 Furthermore, we established in mice a correlation between hypoxic induction of Egr-1 and reduced activity of extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), an antioxidant that scavenges extracellular superoxide. Superoxides 123-133 early growth response 1 Mus musculus 79-84 22140445-3 2011 Furthermore, we established in mice a correlation between hypoxic induction of Egr-1 and reduced activity of extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), an antioxidant that scavenges extracellular superoxide. Superoxides 123-133 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 145-151 21655287-6 2011 Despite in vitro analyses demonstrating that apocynin and DM ameliorate Abeta-induced extracellular superoxide production and neurotoxicity, both DM and apocynin failed to significantly affect learning and memory tasks or synaptic density in hAPP(751)(SL) mice. Superoxides 100-110 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 72-77 21155037-6 2011 Hyperoxia- induced activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, which is responsible for superoxide anion production, as evidenced by upregulation and membrane translocation of p67(phox) was significantly attenuated after G-CSF treatment, as were inflammatory responses such as increased myeloperoxidase activity and mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-beta. Superoxides 111-127 methionyl aminopeptidase 2 Rattus norvegicus 199-202 21155037-6 2011 Hyperoxia- induced activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, which is responsible for superoxide anion production, as evidenced by upregulation and membrane translocation of p67(phox) was significantly attenuated after G-CSF treatment, as were inflammatory responses such as increased myeloperoxidase activity and mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-beta. Superoxides 111-127 myeloperoxidase Rattus norvegicus 310-325 22129883-10 2011 Overexpression of 5-LOX only slightly improved the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 65-75 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Rattus norvegicus 18-23 21217813-5 2010 We demonstrate that eEF1gamma partially colocalises with the mitochondrial marker Tom20 and that eEF1gamma depletion increases mitochondrial superoxide generation as well as the total levels of carbonylated proteins. Superoxides 141-151 eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 gamma Homo sapiens 97-106 21172655-1 2010 Genetic deletion of the mitochondrial deacetylase sirtuin-3 (Sirt3) results in increased mitochondrial superoxide, a tumor-permissive environment, and mammary tumor development. Superoxides 103-113 sirtuin 3 Mus musculus 61-66 21172655-6 2010 Furthermore, infection of Sirt3-/- MEFs with lenti-MnSOD(K122-R) inhibited in vitro immortalization by an oncogene (Ras), inhibited IR-induced genomic instability, and decreased mitochondrial superoxide. Superoxides 192-202 sirtuin 3 Mus musculus 26-31 21151885-6 2010 Here we have adapted a technique of flow cytometry to directly measure ROS levels in isolated mitochondria to show that the generation of superoxide is elevated in the nuo-6 and isp-1 mitochondrial mutants, although overall ROS levels are not, and oxidative stress is low. Superoxides 138-148 Complex I-B15 Caenorhabditis elegans 168-173 21059996-7 2010 eNOS(-/-)/GCH(+/-) hybrid mice demonstrated that GTPCH preserved the circulating EPC number, reduced intracellular O2- in EPCs, and ameliorated EPC dysfunction independent of eNOS in DOCA-salt hypertension. Superoxides 115-117 GTP cyclohydrolase 1 Mus musculus 49-54 21175423-7 2010 In this review, we enlightened various functions of histamine H(4) and use of histamine H(4) receptor antagonists in autoimmune diseases, allergic responses, inflammatory responses, and in superoxide generation which are helpful to establish H(4) receptor antagonists as newer anti histamines. Superoxides 189-199 histamine receptor H4 Homo sapiens 78-101 20564349-11 2010 The brain microvessels of TERT(-/-) mice also were more susceptible to oxidative stress, revealing higher superoxide and lower glutathione levels compared with mice with normal TERT expression. Superoxides 106-116 telomerase reverse transcriptase Mus musculus 26-30 20634294-8 2010 TCDD also induced superoxide anion production, measured by NADPH-dependent lucigenin luminescence, in aorta, heart, and kidney of CYP1A1 WT mice but not KO mice. Superoxides 18-34 cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 130-136 20634294-12 2010 These results demonstrate that CYP1A1 is required for TCDD-induced cardiovascular superoxide anion production, endothelial dysfunction, and hypertension. Superoxides 82-98 cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 31-37 20493824-7 2010 Further, NSC23766 prevented C2-CER-induced Rac1 activation and production of superoxides and lipid peroxides. Superoxides 77-88 complement C2 Rattus norvegicus 28-34 20797565-4 2010 Indoxyl sulfate is taken up by the cells through organic anion transporters (OAT1 and/or OAT3), and induces cellular production of free radicals such as superoxide by activating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, especially Nox4, thereby impairing the cellular antioxidative system. Superoxides 153-163 solute carrier family 22 member 6 Homo sapiens 77-81 20797565-4 2010 Indoxyl sulfate is taken up by the cells through organic anion transporters (OAT1 and/or OAT3), and induces cellular production of free radicals such as superoxide by activating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, especially Nox4, thereby impairing the cellular antioxidative system. Superoxides 153-163 solute carrier family 22 member 8 Homo sapiens 89-93 21082491-2 2010 The cytochrome b-245 alpha gene (CYBA) encodes cytochrome b-245 alpha light chain (p22phox peptide), a critical element of NAD(P)H oxidases, the most important source of superoxide anion in the cerebral arteries. Superoxides 170-186 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 4-31 21082491-2 2010 The cytochrome b-245 alpha gene (CYBA) encodes cytochrome b-245 alpha light chain (p22phox peptide), a critical element of NAD(P)H oxidases, the most important source of superoxide anion in the cerebral arteries. Superoxides 170-186 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 33-37 21082491-2 2010 The cytochrome b-245 alpha gene (CYBA) encodes cytochrome b-245 alpha light chain (p22phox peptide), a critical element of NAD(P)H oxidases, the most important source of superoxide anion in the cerebral arteries. Superoxides 170-186 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 83-90 20811569-5 2010 The results revealed that SOD1 was essential for viability and that depletion of SOD1, especially nuclear SOD1, increased sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency, suggesting that superoxide is generated in or near the nucleus and that nuclear SOD1 functions as a guardian of the genome. Superoxides 181-191 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Gallus gallus 81-85 20811569-5 2010 The results revealed that SOD1 was essential for viability and that depletion of SOD1, especially nuclear SOD1, increased sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency, suggesting that superoxide is generated in or near the nucleus and that nuclear SOD1 functions as a guardian of the genome. Superoxides 181-191 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Gallus gallus 81-85 20811569-5 2010 The results revealed that SOD1 was essential for viability and that depletion of SOD1, especially nuclear SOD1, increased sister chromatid exchange (SCE) frequency, suggesting that superoxide is generated in or near the nucleus and that nuclear SOD1 functions as a guardian of the genome. Superoxides 181-191 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Gallus gallus 81-85 20453164-13 2010 Our results indicate that NOS3 contributes to ventilator-induced lung injury via increased production of superoxide. Superoxides 105-115 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 26-30 20522591-7 2010 Chronic treatment with the sGC activator HMR1766 improved NO sensitivity and endothelial function, reduced CYP2E1 expression and superoxide formation, enhanced 20-HETE levels, and reversed the contractile deficit observed in the diabetic rats that received placebo. Superoxides 129-139 guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 2 Rattus norvegicus 27-30 20148283-0 2010 Urinary trypsin inhibitor suppresses excessive generation of superoxide anion radical, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial injury in endotoxemic rats. Superoxides 61-85 alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor Rattus norvegicus 0-25 20621841-3 2010 CKII inhibition by treatment with CKII inhibitor or CKIIalpha small-interfering RNA (siRNA) increased intracellular hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion levels. Superoxides 138-154 casein kinase 2 alpha 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 20621841-3 2010 CKII inhibition by treatment with CKII inhibitor or CKIIalpha small-interfering RNA (siRNA) increased intracellular hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion levels. Superoxides 138-154 casein kinase 2 alpha 1 Homo sapiens 34-38 20621841-7 2010 These data demonstrate that CKII inhibition induces superoxide anion generation via NOX activation, and subsequent superoxide-dependent activation of p53 acts as a mediator of senescence in HCT116 cells after down-regulation of CKII. Superoxides 52-68 casein kinase 2 alpha 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 20621841-7 2010 These data demonstrate that CKII inhibition induces superoxide anion generation via NOX activation, and subsequent superoxide-dependent activation of p53 acts as a mediator of senescence in HCT116 cells after down-regulation of CKII. Superoxides 52-62 casein kinase 2 alpha 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 20493858-5 2010 Our results indicate that EC-SOD attenuates bleomycin-induced pulmonary injury, at least in part, by preventing superoxide-mediated release of hyaluronan into alveolar space. Superoxides 112-122 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 26-32 20651824-4 2010 These results suggest that in the mouse aorta, exposure to high glucose levels may lead to an excessive generation of superoxide via increased gp91phox and decreased Mn-SOD protein expression and that this may in turn trigger an impairment of endothelium-dependent relaxation. Superoxides 118-128 paired Ig-like receptor B Mus musculus 143-147 19733484-7 2010 Finally, p22-phox and p47-phox, key players in the superoxide-generating NAD(P)H oxidase, were also up-regulated by reduced compliance. Superoxides 51-61 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 9-12 20873174-2 2010 It was shown that the influence of the studied xenobiotics on severed roots of wheat seedlings caused an increase in the permeability ofplasmalemma for K+ and H+ and stimulated the activity of the extracellular peroxidase that forms the superoxide radical anion. Superoxides 237-261 peroxidase-like Triticum aestivum 211-221 20304813-4 2010 Transfection of BPA with small inhibitory RNA (siRNA) for Nox2 and Nox4 decreased Nox2 and Nox4 protein expression, respectively, associated with an attenuation of superoxide detection, without affecting 25 mM KCl contraction. Superoxides 164-174 NADPH oxidase 4 Bos taurus 67-71 20304813-6 2010 A Nox4 inhibitor plumbagin (10 muM) increased basal force, decreased superoxide detection and peroxide release, and caused BPA to relax under hypoxia. Superoxides 69-79 NADPH oxidase 4 Bos taurus 2-6 20304813-10 2010 However, peroxide derived from superoxide generated by Nox4 appears to maintain a basal relaxation in BPA under normoxic conditions, which is removed under hypoxia leading to HPV. Superoxides 31-41 NADPH oxidase 4 Bos taurus 55-59 20446672-6 2010 After lysis of each fiber in their corresponding nanowell, the contents of each well were processed and analyzed by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with laser-induced fluorescence detection (MEKC-LIF) making it possible to detect superoxide found in single fibers. Superoxides 247-257 LIF interleukin 6 family cytokine Homo sapiens 213-216 20648216-1 2010 Superoxide generated by human NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5) is of growing importance for various physiological and pathological processes. Superoxides 0-10 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 30-45 20648216-1 2010 Superoxide generated by human NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5) is of growing importance for various physiological and pathological processes. Superoxides 0-10 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 47-51 20074642-0 2010 Characterization of P-Rex1 for its role in fMet-Leu-Phe-induced superoxide production in reconstituted COS(phox) cells. Superoxides 64-74 phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate dependent Rac exchange factor 1 Homo sapiens 20-26 20074642-5 2010 P-Rex1-dependent superoxide generation in the reconstituted COS(phox) cells was further enhanced by expression of the novel PKC isoform PKCdelta and by overexpression of Akt. Superoxides 17-27 phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate dependent Rac exchange factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 20074642-8 2010 These results demonstrate that in COS(phox) cells, P-Rex1 is a critical component for FPR1-mediated signaling leading to NADPH oxidase activation, and there is a crosstalk between the P-Rex1-Rac pathway and Akt in superoxide generation. Superoxides 214-224 phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate dependent Rac exchange factor 1 Homo sapiens 51-57 20074642-8 2010 These results demonstrate that in COS(phox) cells, P-Rex1 is a critical component for FPR1-mediated signaling leading to NADPH oxidase activation, and there is a crosstalk between the P-Rex1-Rac pathway and Akt in superoxide generation. Superoxides 214-224 phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate dependent Rac exchange factor 1 Homo sapiens 184-190 20346917-1 2010 The membrane bound cytochrome b558 composed of large gp91-phox and small p22-phox subunits, and cytosolic proteins p40-, p47- and p67-phox are important components of superoxide (O(2)(-))-generating system in phagocytes and B lymphocytes. Superoxides 179-182 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 121-124 20346917-1 2010 The membrane bound cytochrome b558 composed of large gp91-phox and small p22-phox subunits, and cytosolic proteins p40-, p47- and p67-phox are important components of superoxide (O(2)(-))-generating system in phagocytes and B lymphocytes. Superoxides 167-177 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 73-76 20346917-1 2010 The membrane bound cytochrome b558 composed of large gp91-phox and small p22-phox subunits, and cytosolic proteins p40-, p47- and p67-phox are important components of superoxide (O(2)(-))-generating system in phagocytes and B lymphocytes. Superoxides 167-177 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 121-124 20230789-6 2010 Expression of S282A mutant of NoxA1 in these cells led to increased superoxide anion production in response to EGF compared to expression of the wild type, whereas the expression of S282E, a phosphomimetic mutant, resulted in significantly decreased superoxide anion generation. Superoxides 68-84 epidermal growth factor Mus musculus 111-114 20396382-11 2010 High level of leptin (50 nM) compromised contractile and intracellular Ca2+ response as well as O2(-) production and stress signaling in all groups. Superoxides 96-101 leptin Mus musculus 14-20 19843095-0 2010 Evidence that nitric oxide inhibits vascular inflammation and superoxide production via a p47phox-dependent mechanism in mice. Superoxides 62-72 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 90-97 20194292-3 2010 In the present study, we hypothesized that EPO stimulates expression and activity of copper- and zinc-containing superoxide dismutase (SOD1), thus protecting vascular tissue from oxidative stress induced by excessive concentrations of superoxide anions. Superoxides 235-252 erythropoietin Mus musculus 43-46 20194292-6 2010 The ability of EPO to reduce vascular production of superoxide anions was abolished in SOD1-deficient mice. Superoxides 52-69 erythropoietin Mus musculus 15-18 20172962-7 2010 Enhanced PKC-beta activation by DHEAS resulted in increased phosphorylation of p47(phox), a crucial component of the active reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate complex responsible for neutrophil superoxide generation. Superoxides 211-221 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 79-82 20160535-5 2010 Decreased superoxide generation by Nox4 oxidase and its conversion to peroxide by Cu,Zn-SOD appear to be potential factors in sensing hypoxia, and decreased cGMP-associated vasodilation and removal of redox controlled vasodilator mechanisms by increased cytosolic NADPH may be key coordinators of the HPV response. Superoxides 10-20 NADPH oxidase 4 Bos taurus 35-39 20154025-0 2010 Intermittent high glucose exacerbates the aberrant production of adiponectin and resistin through mitochondrial superoxide overproduction in adipocytes. Superoxides 112-122 resistin Homo sapiens 81-89 20074088-9 2010 The results suggest that UVB-induced and cNOS-produced NO* is rapidly scavenged by photolytically and enzymatically generated superoxide (O(2) (-)) to produce high levels of ONOO(-), which enhances oxidative injury and apoptosis of the irradiated cells. Superoxides 126-136 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 41-45 20074088-9 2010 The results suggest that UVB-induced and cNOS-produced NO* is rapidly scavenged by photolytically and enzymatically generated superoxide (O(2) (-)) to produce high levels of ONOO(-), which enhances oxidative injury and apoptosis of the irradiated cells. Superoxides 138-142 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 41-45 20163541-2 2010 We explored the possibility that "uncoupled" endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is the source of this O(2) (-). Superoxides 108-112 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 45-78 19874561-9 2010 The superoxide anion generation was highly correlated with the loss of MMP, increasing Annexin V binding, and pH decline. Superoxides 4-20 annexin A5 Homo sapiens 87-96 19818760-8 2010 The enhanced expression of metallothionein-I and metallothionein-II mRNA in rotenone-treated control cells was significantly decreased in rotenone-treated PHGPx-ov cells, suggesting that the hydrogen peroxide that is formed by superoxide anions generated in mitochondria diffuse into the cytosol and induce metallothionein mRNA expression. Superoxides 227-244 metallothionein 2A Homo sapiens 49-67 19818760-8 2010 The enhanced expression of metallothionein-I and metallothionein-II mRNA in rotenone-treated control cells was significantly decreased in rotenone-treated PHGPx-ov cells, suggesting that the hydrogen peroxide that is formed by superoxide anions generated in mitochondria diffuse into the cytosol and induce metallothionein mRNA expression. Superoxides 227-244 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 155-160 20018626-7 2010 Similarly, silencing cytohesin-1 or Arf6 in PLB-985 cells negatively affected fMLF-induced activation of PLD, superoxide production, and expression of granule markers on the cell surface. Superoxides 110-120 ADP ribosylation factor 6 Homo sapiens 36-40 20016280-6 2010 production, which reacts with superoxide (O(2)(*-)) to form peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) and activate PERK. Superoxides 30-40 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 Homo sapiens 97-101 20016280-6 2010 production, which reacts with superoxide (O(2)(*-)) to form peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) and activate PERK. Superoxides 42-46 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 Homo sapiens 97-101 19625761-5 2010 MATERIALS AND METHODS: We assessed gene and protein expression of p22phox (RT-PCR and Western blot), NAD(P)H oxidase subunit essential for superoxide production and gene expression of transforming growth fator (TGF) beta, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1, and heme oxygenase (HO)-1, effectors of OxSt (RT-PCR), in a Conn"s adenoma, removed from a patient with primary hyperaldosteronism. Superoxides 139-149 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 66-73 19773531-5 2009 Compared with WT cells, HO-2(-/-) mAEC showed a 2-fold reduction in HO activity and marked increases in levels of gp91(phox)/NADPH oxidase isoform, superoxide, nuclear factor kappaB activation, and expression of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1alpha and IL-6. Superoxides 148-158 heme oxygenase 2 Mus musculus 24-28 19727064-4 2009 Increasing the amount of AOPPs in the media of conditionally immortalized podocytes rapidly triggered the production of intracellular superoxide by activation of NADPH oxidase and this, in turn, led to an upregulation of p53, Bax, caspase 3 activity, and apoptosis. Superoxides 134-144 Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene Rattus norvegicus 221-224 19409565-8 2009 These observations, together with the functions of catalase and Cu/Zn-SOD to scavenge hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions, implicate a causal role of ROS in the pathogenesis of BaP-induced atherosclerosis. Superoxides 108-125 prohibitin 2 Mus musculus 181-184 19799418-0 2009 Vitamin B(12) and redox homeostasis: cob(II)alamin reacts with superoxide at rates approaching superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 63-73 metabolism of cobalamin associated B Homo sapiens 37-40 19660541-8 2009 The expression of NR1 significantly (p<0.001) increased 72 h after 30 min exposure to superoxide (+33.8+/-7.5%), peroxynitrite (+84.9+/-10.7%), or hydrogen peroxide (+92.8+/-7.6%), resulting in increased cellular response to NMDA-R stimulation and diminished monolayer impedance. Superoxides 89-99 glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA1 (zeta 1) Mus musculus 18-21 19666465-6 2009 Pharmacological inhibition of DHFR activity by methotrexate or genetic knockdown of DHFR protein by RNA interference reduced intracellular BH4 and increased BH2 levels resulting in enzymatic uncoupling of eNOS, as indicated by increased eNOS-dependent superoxide but reduced NO production. Superoxides 252-262 dihydrofolate reductase Homo sapiens 30-34 19666465-6 2009 Pharmacological inhibition of DHFR activity by methotrexate or genetic knockdown of DHFR protein by RNA interference reduced intracellular BH4 and increased BH2 levels resulting in enzymatic uncoupling of eNOS, as indicated by increased eNOS-dependent superoxide but reduced NO production. Superoxides 252-262 dihydrofolate reductase Homo sapiens 84-88 19696743-4 2009 Neutrophils isolated from Mkp5(-/-) mice exhibited augmented p38 MAPK activation and increased superoxide generation on activation. Superoxides 95-105 dual specificity phosphatase 10 Mus musculus 26-30 19657099-11 2009 Further investigation revealed that oxidative stress due to increased superoxide generation was responsible for increased phosphorylation and degradation of IkappaBalpha leading to NF-kappaB activation in the liver. Superoxides 70-80 NFKB inhibitor alpha Rattus norvegicus 157-169 19309260-1 2009 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase NOX1 is thought to be involved in signaling by the angiotensin II-receptor AT1R. Superoxides 4-14 angiotensin II, type I receptor-associated protein Mus musculus 115-119 19737096-13 2009 Increased levels of reactive oxygen species (i.e., H(2)O(2) and superoxide anion) accumulated only in the ATAF1-OE but not in the ATAF1-SRDX plants after Botrytis spp. Superoxides 64-80 NAC (No Apical Meristem) domain transcriptional regulator superfamily protein Arabidopsis thaliana 106-111 19497959-1 2009 We examined the role of interleukin (IL)-18 and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemokines (CINC)-1 and CINC-3 in the neutrophil release of superoxide anion (O2-) and elastase following alcohol/ethanol (EtOH) and burn injury. Superoxides 136-152 interleukin 18 Rattus norvegicus 24-43 19497959-1 2009 We examined the role of interleukin (IL)-18 and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemokines (CINC)-1 and CINC-3 in the neutrophil release of superoxide anion (O2-) and elastase following alcohol/ethanol (EtOH) and burn injury. Superoxides 136-152 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 Rattus norvegicus 48-95 19497959-1 2009 We examined the role of interleukin (IL)-18 and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemokines (CINC)-1 and CINC-3 in the neutrophil release of superoxide anion (O2-) and elastase following alcohol/ethanol (EtOH) and burn injury. Superoxides 154-156 interleukin 18 Rattus norvegicus 24-43 19506101-8 2009 Elevated vascular superoxide and hydrogen peroxide levels, as well as expression of NADPH oxidase subunits in response to angiotensin II infusion, were significantly attenuated in Tg(hTrx2) mice. Superoxides 18-28 thioredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 183-188 19506101-9 2009 Mitochondrial superoxide anion levels were augmented after angiotensin II infusion in wild-type mice, and this was blunted in Tg(hTrx2) mice. Superoxides 14-30 thioredoxin 2 Homo sapiens 129-134 19656030-13 2009 Exogenous CP treatment of healthy PMNs resulted in significant increases in O(2)(-) generation and iron ion conversion similar to LAgP PMNs. Superoxides 76-80 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 10-12 19642220-7 2009 LF ability to inhibit superoxide radical generation was higher in sows as in cows and increased significantly within examined time. Superoxides 22-32 lactotransferrin Bos taurus 0-2 19276128-9 2009 Finally, the supplementation of human Trx-1, superoxide scavenger, or peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst in HG pre-cultured cells reduced Trx-1 nitration, preserved Trx-1 activity, and normalized SI/R injury to levels observed in NG pre-cultured cardiomyocytes. Superoxides 45-55 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 140-145 19276128-9 2009 Finally, the supplementation of human Trx-1, superoxide scavenger, or peroxynitrite decomposition catalyst in HG pre-cultured cells reduced Trx-1 nitration, preserved Trx-1 activity, and normalized SI/R injury to levels observed in NG pre-cultured cardiomyocytes. Superoxides 45-55 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 140-145 19747097-0 2009 Effect of exogenous phenols on superoxide production by extracellular peroxidase from wheat seedling roots. Superoxides 31-41 peroxidase-like Triticum aestivum 70-80 19220254-0 2009 Superoxide from NADPH oxidase as second messenger for the expression of osteopontin and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 in renal epithelial cells exposed to calcium oxalate crystals. Superoxides 0-10 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Rattus norvegicus 88-122 19487814-4 2009 Further, treatment of Cav1-/- mice with either MnTMPyP (a superoxide scavenger) or l-NAME (a NOS inhibitor) reversed their pulmonary vascular pathology and PH phenotype. Superoxides 58-68 caveolin 1, caveolae protein Mus musculus 22-26 19357530-12 2009 Increased NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production was significantly associated with higher NADPH oxidase p22phox expression in insulin-resistant than in insulin-sensitive patients. Superoxides 34-44 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 111-118 19386027-15 2009 Superoxide anion-induced HSC apoptosis is dependent on JNK activation and glutathione status. Superoxides 0-16 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 55-58 19503084-0 2009 NADPH oxidase is the primary source of superoxide induced by NMDA receptor activation. Superoxides 39-49 glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA1 (zeta 1) Mus musculus 61-74 19503084-1 2009 Neuronal NMDA receptor (NMDAR) activation leads to the formation of superoxide, which normally acts in cell signaling. Superoxides 68-78 glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA1 (zeta 1) Mus musculus 9-22 19503084-1 2009 Neuronal NMDA receptor (NMDAR) activation leads to the formation of superoxide, which normally acts in cell signaling. Superoxides 68-78 glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA1 (zeta 1) Mus musculus 24-29 19503084-2 2009 With extensive NMDAR activation, the resulting superoxide production leads to neuronal death. Superoxides 47-57 glutamate receptor, ionotropic, NMDA1 (zeta 1) Mus musculus 15-20 19345729-6 2009 Glucose-induced activation of retinal capillary cell MMP-2 and MT1-MMP and decrease in TIMP-2 were inhibited by superoxide scavengers, and their accelerated apoptosis was prevented by the inhibitors of MMP-2. Superoxides 112-122 TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2 Rattus norvegicus 87-93 19234337-12 2009 Studies using human ECs demonstrated that TNF-alpha-induced CCL2 production was also inhibited by the NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor DPI, the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine, or the superoxide scavenger Tiron, further indicating that inhibition occurs through the NAD(P)H/ROS pathway. Superoxides 177-187 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 60-64 19232731-4 2009 Previously, we showed that Dectin-1 mediates phagocytosis of beta-glucan and subsequent superoxide production in microglia. Superoxides 88-98 C-type lectin domain containing 7A Homo sapiens 27-35 19130504-0 2009 HIV-1 Nef induces p47(phox) phosphorylation leading to a rapid superoxide anion release from the U937 human monoblastic cell line. Superoxides 63-79 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 18-21 18621373-8 2009 Pretreatment with extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitors, but not p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) significantly decreased CRP-induced superoxide anion release from macrophages in vivo. Superoxides 197-213 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 66-87 18621373-8 2009 Pretreatment with extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitors, but not p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAPK) significantly decreased CRP-induced superoxide anion release from macrophages in vivo. Superoxides 197-213 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 89-92 19091790-9 2009 In addition, Ad CuZnSOD reduced the elevation of superoxide level in CBs from CHF rabbits. Superoxides 49-59 superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Oryctolagus cuniculus 16-23 19027750-11 2009 Treatment of APN(-/-) mice in vivo with the globular domain of adiponectin reduced aortic superoxide production, increased eNOS phosphorylation, and normalized vasodilatory response to ACh. Superoxides 90-100 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Mus musculus 13-16 19027750-11 2009 Treatment of APN(-/-) mice in vivo with the globular domain of adiponectin reduced aortic superoxide production, increased eNOS phosphorylation, and normalized vasodilatory response to ACh. Superoxides 90-100 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Mus musculus 63-74 19129478-1 2009 The assembly of cytosolic p47(phox) and p67(phox) with flavocytochrome b(558) at the membrane is crucial for activating the leukocyte NADPH oxidase that generates superoxide for microbial killing. Superoxides 163-173 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 26-35 19129478-1 2009 The assembly of cytosolic p47(phox) and p67(phox) with flavocytochrome b(558) at the membrane is crucial for activating the leukocyte NADPH oxidase that generates superoxide for microbial killing. Superoxides 163-173 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 30-34 19019916-6 2009 Challenge with AOPPs triggered cytosolic superoxide generation, resulting in upregulation of fibronectin and collagen IV genes and proteins and overexpression of TGF-beta1 via a PKC-NADPH oxidase-dependent pathway, as these downstream events were blocked by the inhibitors of PKC, inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, or the cytosolic superoxide scavenger. Superoxides 41-51 fibronectin 1 Rattus norvegicus 93-104 18983909-2 2009 Here we show that the premature mortality of Drosophila deficient in superoxide scavengers, superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1 or SOD2, is rescued by chronic hypoxia. Superoxides 69-79 Superoxide dismutase 2 (Mn) Drosophila melanogaster 124-128 18983909-4 2009 This finding challenges the notion that irreversible oxidative damage initiated by unscavenged superoxide in the mitochondrial matrix underpins the premature mortality of SOD2-deficient adults. Superoxides 95-105 Superoxide dismutase 2 (Mn) Drosophila melanogaster 171-175 18996352-0 2009 FPRL1-mediated induction of superoxide in LL-37-stimulated IMR90 human fibroblast. Superoxides 28-38 formyl peptide receptor 2 Homo sapiens 0-5 19029489-7 2009 In the rat kidneys with transfection of a dominant-active Vav2 variant (onco-Vav2), we found that overexpression of Vav2 led to significant increases in Rac1 activity, superoxide production, and glomerular injury, which was similar to that induced by hyperhomocysteinemia. Superoxides 168-178 vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 58-62 19542619-7 2009 Interestingly, vitamin C was found to be selective in the scavenging activity, suggesting that expression of truncated tau protein preferentially leads to increases in aqueous phase oxidants and free radicals such as hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. Superoxides 252-262 microtubule associated protein tau Homo sapiens 119-122 18714161-7 2009 Inhibition of superoxide was associated with a decreased Bax/Bcl-xL ratio, and caspase-3 and -9 expression. Superoxides 14-24 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 57-60 18987137-0 2009 Viral inhibitor of apoptosis vFLIP/K13 protects endothelial cells against superoxide-induced cell death. Superoxides 74-84 keratin 13 Homo sapiens 35-38 18987137-8 2009 The induction of MnSOD expression was dependent on vFLIP/K13-mediated activation of NF-kappaB, occurred in a cell-intrinsic manner, and was correlated with decreased intracellular superoxide accumulation and increased resistance of endothelial cells to superoxide-induced death. Superoxides 180-190 keratin 13 Homo sapiens 57-60 18987137-8 2009 The induction of MnSOD expression was dependent on vFLIP/K13-mediated activation of NF-kappaB, occurred in a cell-intrinsic manner, and was correlated with decreased intracellular superoxide accumulation and increased resistance of endothelial cells to superoxide-induced death. Superoxides 253-263 keratin 13 Homo sapiens 57-60 18818682-3 2009 The AG490 JAK2 inhibitor and overexpression of a dominant negative JAK2 protein protected endothelial and renal epithelial cells in culture against peroxide, superoxide anion and cyclosporin A induced cell death while reducing intracellular oxidation in cells challenged with peroxide and cyclosporin A. Superoxides 158-174 Janus kinase 2 Mus musculus 10-14 18818682-3 2009 The AG490 JAK2 inhibitor and overexpression of a dominant negative JAK2 protein protected endothelial and renal epithelial cells in culture against peroxide, superoxide anion and cyclosporin A induced cell death while reducing intracellular oxidation in cells challenged with peroxide and cyclosporin A. Superoxides 158-174 Janus kinase 2 Mus musculus 67-71 19000905-6 2008 We further demonstrate that the in vitro quinone reduction by CBR4 generates superoxide through the redox cycling, and suggest that the enzyme may be involved in the induction of apoptosis by cytotoxic 9,10-phenanthrenequinone. Superoxides 77-87 carbonyl reductase 4 Homo sapiens 62-66 18929641-0 2008 Tumor necrosis factor alpha activates transcription of the NADPH oxidase organizer 1 (NOXO1) gene and upregulates superoxide production in colon epithelial cells. Superoxides 114-124 NADPH oxidase organizer 1 Homo sapiens 86-91 18692908-9 2008 Bovine AGP dose-dependently inhibited zymosan-induced PMN extracellular release of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide without affecting the capacity of PMN to engulf and kill Staphylococcus aureus. Superoxides 83-99 alpha-1-acid glycoprotein Bos taurus 7-10 18423932-13 2008 The discrepancy in the dynamics of ETR and Fv/Fm responses may be explained by the formation of alternative electron sinks such as reactive oxygen species, particularly superoxides, which withdraw electrons from the photosynthetic transport, resulting in apparently higher values of calculated ETR. Superoxides 169-180 ethylene receptor Malus domestica 35-38 18423932-13 2008 The discrepancy in the dynamics of ETR and Fv/Fm responses may be explained by the formation of alternative electron sinks such as reactive oxygen species, particularly superoxides, which withdraw electrons from the photosynthetic transport, resulting in apparently higher values of calculated ETR. Superoxides 169-180 ethylene receptor Malus domestica 294-297 18718525-3 2008 Comparison with wild-type (WT) MEF showed that Terc(-/-) MEF had greater oxidant damage, showing higher superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide production and lower catalase activity. Superoxides 104-120 telomerase RNA component Mus musculus 47-51 18806116-6 2008 Special functions include the use of proline by POX/PRODH to generate superoxide radicals that initiate apoptosis by intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Superoxides 70-80 proline dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 48-51 18806116-6 2008 Special functions include the use of proline by POX/PRODH to generate superoxide radicals that initiate apoptosis by intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. Superoxides 70-80 proline dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 52-57 18824773-5 2008 METHODS AND RESULTS: Endothelium-targeted overexpression of GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH), the rate limiting enzyme in BH4 synthesis, increased levels of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), reduced endothelial superoxide, improved eNOS coupling, and reduced vein graft atherosclerosis in transgenic GCH/ApoE-KO mice compared to ApoE-KO controls. Superoxides 198-208 GTP cyclohydrolase 1 Mus musculus 60-80 18824773-5 2008 METHODS AND RESULTS: Endothelium-targeted overexpression of GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH), the rate limiting enzyme in BH4 synthesis, increased levels of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), reduced endothelial superoxide, improved eNOS coupling, and reduced vein graft atherosclerosis in transgenic GCH/ApoE-KO mice compared to ApoE-KO controls. Superoxides 198-208 GTP cyclohydrolase 1 Mus musculus 82-85 18772386-6 2008 HtrA2 inhibits mitochondrial superoxide generation, stabilizes mitochondrial membrane potential, and prevents apoptosis at baseline and in response to extracellular inducers of mitochondrial stress. Superoxides 29-39 HtrA serine peptidase 2 Homo sapiens 0-5 21791370-7 2008 The linear regression analysis of the effect of B(a)P on the superoxide anion overproduction showed a good coefficient (r=0.97, p<0.01), showed that ANT and B(a)P exposure induces PpIX accumulation, probably by disruption of the haem biosynthesis. Superoxides 61-77 prohibitin 2 Homo sapiens 48-53 21791370-7 2008 The linear regression analysis of the effect of B(a)P on the superoxide anion overproduction showed a good coefficient (r=0.97, p<0.01), showed that ANT and B(a)P exposure induces PpIX accumulation, probably by disruption of the haem biosynthesis. Superoxides 61-77 prohibitin 2 Homo sapiens 160-165 18436804-8 2008 uPA increased macrophage oxidative stress, measured by increased lipid peroxides, reactive oxygen species formation, superoxide anion release, and cell-mediated LDL oxidation. Superoxides 117-133 plasminogen activator, urokinase Mus musculus 0-3 18440651-9 2008 Preincubation with IFN-gamma resulted in enhanced GM-CSF- or IL-5-induced superoxide anion generation and degranulation of human eosinophils, whereas stimulus-induced eosinophil adhesion was unaffected. Superoxides 74-90 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 50-56 18440651-13 2008 In conclusion, IFN-gamma might upregulate ERK, p38, or JNK/ATF-2 phosphorylation induced by GM-CSF or IL-5, leading to enhanced cytokine-induced eosinophil superoxide generation and degranulation. Superoxides 156-166 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 92-98 18669246-6 2008 This study revealed that neutrophils under the influence of TNFalpha exacerbated the release of elastase, MPO, ALKP and superoxide. Superoxides 120-130 tumor necrosis factor Bos taurus 60-68 18339714-0 2008 Superoxide destabilization of beta-catenin augments apoptosis of high-glucose-stressed mesangial cells. Superoxides 0-10 catenin beta 1 Rattus norvegicus 30-42 18485875-4 2008 Here we find that GzmA accesses the mitochondrial matrix to cleave the complex I protein NDUFS3, an iron-sulfur subunit of the NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase complex I, after Lys56 to interfere with NADH oxidation and generate superoxide anions. Superoxides 227-244 NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S3 Homo sapiens 89-95 18480288-7 2008 Whereas LPS failed to kill preOLs in cocultures of microglia and preOLs deficient in inducible NOS (iNOS) or gp91(phox), the catalytic subunit of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase, LPS caused a similar degree of preOL death in mixed glial cultures of wild-type, iNOS-/-, and gp91(phox-/-) mice. Superoxides 150-160 paired Ig-like receptor B Mus musculus 109-113 18480288-7 2008 Whereas LPS failed to kill preOLs in cocultures of microglia and preOLs deficient in inducible NOS (iNOS) or gp91(phox), the catalytic subunit of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase, LPS caused a similar degree of preOL death in mixed glial cultures of wild-type, iNOS-/-, and gp91(phox-/-) mice. Superoxides 150-160 paired Ig-like receptor B Mus musculus 281-285 18299324-2 2008 The current dogma is that superoxide anion radical (O(2)(*-)) is responsible for this activation, based largely on previous work employing purified rabbit IDO and rabbit enterocytes. Superoxides 26-50 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 155-158 18299324-2 2008 The current dogma is that superoxide anion radical (O(2)(*-)) is responsible for this activation, based largely on previous work employing purified rabbit IDO and rabbit enterocytes. Superoxides 52-60 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 155-158 18289732-6 2008 It also suppressed LPS+IFN-gamma-induced NADPH oxidase activation and eventually, the inducible form of superoxide production. Superoxides 104-114 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 19-32 18289732-7 2008 Transfection with dominant negative vector of p38 alpha reduced LPS+IFN-gamma-induced ONOO(-) generation through blocking both iNOS-derived NO production and NADPH oxidase-derived O2(-) production. Superoxides 180-182 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 64-77 18250162-7 2008 Consequently, generation of both superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide following 6-OHDA treatment was decreased in MN9D/PRX1. Superoxides 33-49 peroxiredoxin 1 Mus musculus 121-125 18287332-9 2008 These results demonstrate that extracellular superoxide has proinflammatory effects on neutrophils, predominantly acting through an TLR4-dependent mechanism that enhances nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB and increases expression of NF-kappaB-dependent cytokines. Superoxides 45-55 toll like receptor 4 Homo sapiens 132-136 18334557-8 2008 In TERT-overexpressing cells, mtDNA is protected, mitochondrial membrane potential is increased and mitochondrial superoxide production and cell peroxide levels are decreased, all indicating improved mitochondrial function and diminished retrograde response. Superoxides 114-124 telomerase reverse transcriptase Homo sapiens 3-7 18439101-9 2008 The JNK inhibitor markedly suppressed TNF-alpha-induced and GM-CSF-induced superoxide release. Superoxides 75-85 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 60-66 18439101-10 2008 These findings suggest that JNK1 and JNK2 are involved in TNF-alpha-induced neutrophil apoptosis and GM-CSF-mediated antiapoptotic effect on neutrophils, respectively, and both JNK isoforms are involved in TNF-alpha-induced and GM-CSF-induced superoxide release. Superoxides 243-253 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 101-107 18206124-6 2008 The inhibition of ROS response by either AP-5 or L-NAME together with the ROS sensitivity profile of the dye suggest that peroxynitrite, the reaction product of superoxide and nitric oxide, plays a role in the response. Superoxides 161-171 adaptor related protein complex 5 subunit beta 1 Homo sapiens 41-45 18182393-7 2008 Enhanced JunD/JNK1-dependent liver injury correlated with the acute induction of diphenylene iodonium-sensitive NADPH-dependent superoxide production by the liver following I/R. Superoxides 128-138 jun D proto-oncogene Mus musculus 9-13 18301379-3 2008 Recent data have indicated that superoxide generation is dependent on the activation of NADPH oxidases, which form a complex with the adaptor molecules RIP1 and TRADD. Superoxides 32-42 receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 152-156 18301379-4 2008 The mechanism of superoxide generation further establishes RIP1 as the central molecule in ROS production and cell death initiated by TNFalpha and other death receptors. Superoxides 17-27 receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 1 Homo sapiens 59-63 18078827-6 2008 CYP2E1 is also an effective generator of reactive oxygen species such as the superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide and, in the presence of iron catalysts, produces powerful oxidants such as the hydroxyl radical. Superoxides 77-101 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily e, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 0-6 18160052-2 2008 H(2)O(2) induced a transient, dose-dependent increase in superoxide production in K562 cells expressing NOX5. Superoxides 57-67 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 104-108 18160052-3 2008 Confocal studies demonstrated that the initial calcium influx generated by H(2)O(2) is amplified by a feedback mechanism involving NOX5-dependent superoxide production and H(2)O(2). Superoxides 146-156 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 131-135 18166194-0 2008 Changes in the ratio between FPR and FPRL1 triggered superoxide production in human neutrophils-a tool in analysing receptor specific events. Superoxides 53-63 formyl peptide receptor 2 Homo sapiens 37-42 18166194-1 2008 Neutrophils express the G protein-coupled N-formyl peptide receptor (FPR) as well as its closely related homologue, formyl peptide like receptor 1 (FPRL1), and activation of these receptors induce a release of superoxide anions. Superoxides 210-227 formyl peptide receptor 2 Homo sapiens 148-153 18268143-11 2008 CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that endothelium-specific GTPCH I overexpression abrogates O2(-) production and preserves eNOS phosphorylation, which results in preserved structural and functional integrity of resistance mesenteric arteries and lowered blood pressure in low-renin hypertension. Superoxides 98-103 GTP cyclohydrolase 1 Mus musculus 65-72 17993589-6 2008 Cav-1(-/-) PMNs showed 50-80% reduction in PMA- or fMLP-stimulated superoxide production compared with Cav-1(+/+) PMNs. Superoxides 67-77 caveolin 1, caveolae protein Mus musculus 0-5 17993589-9 2008 Exogenous expression of caveolin-1 in COS-phox cells augmented the fMLP-induced Rac1 activation and superoxide production, indicating a direct role of caveolin-1 in the mechanism of superoxide production. Superoxides 100-110 caveolin 1, caveolae protein Mus musculus 24-34 17993589-9 2008 Exogenous expression of caveolin-1 in COS-phox cells augmented the fMLP-induced Rac1 activation and superoxide production, indicating a direct role of caveolin-1 in the mechanism of superoxide production. Superoxides 182-192 caveolin 1, caveolae protein Mus musculus 24-34 17993589-9 2008 Exogenous expression of caveolin-1 in COS-phox cells augmented the fMLP-induced Rac1 activation and superoxide production, indicating a direct role of caveolin-1 in the mechanism of superoxide production. Superoxides 182-192 caveolin 1, caveolae protein Mus musculus 151-161 18328147-4 2008 When challenged with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), RA neutrophils exhibited reduced responses to these cytokines, which included O2- release, adherence, priming for enhanced O2- release, and phosphorylation of ERK and p38. Superoxides 226-228 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 21-58 18328147-4 2008 When challenged with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) or tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), RA neutrophils exhibited reduced responses to these cytokines, which included O2- release, adherence, priming for enhanced O2- release, and phosphorylation of ERK and p38. Superoxides 226-228 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 68-94 17974492-3 2008 CYP-mediated superoxide production reduces nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Superoxides 13-23 cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 0-3 18061074-2 2007 BACKGROUND: Stenting causes an acute increase in superoxide anion production and oxidative stress; EC-SOD is a major component of antioxidative defense in blood vessels and has powerful cardioprotective effects in ischemic myocardium. Superoxides 49-65 extracellular superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Oryctolagus cuniculus 99-105 17827253-0 2007 Nitric oxide and superoxide generation from endothelial NOS: modulation by HSP90. Superoxides 17-27 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 75-80 17827253-6 2007 We found that overexpression of HSP90 significantly increased the shear-stimulated association of HSP90 with eNOS and led to significant increases in NO production and reduced NOS-dependent superoxide generation. Superoxides 190-200 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 32-37 17827253-6 2007 We found that overexpression of HSP90 significantly increased the shear-stimulated association of HSP90 with eNOS and led to significant increases in NO production and reduced NOS-dependent superoxide generation. Superoxides 190-200 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 98-103 17827253-7 2007 Conversely, the exposure of PAECs isolated from fetal lambs to the HSP90 inhibitor radicicol led to significant decreases in eNOS-HSP90 interactions, decreased shear-stimulated NO generation, and increased NOS-dependent superoxide production indicative of eNOS uncoupling. Superoxides 220-230 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 67-72 17827253-9 2007 Our data indicate that HSP90-eNOS interactions were decreased in shunt lambs and that this was associated with decreased NO generation and an increase in eNOS-dependent generation of superoxide. Superoxides 183-193 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 23-28 17827253-10 2007 Together, our data support a significant role for HSP90 in promoting NO generation and inhibiting superoxide generation by eNOS and indicate that the disruption of this interaction may be involved in the endothelial dysfunction associated with pulmonary hypertension. Superoxides 98-108 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 50-55 17883332-6 2007 Selective expression of HO-1 prevented TNF- and hyperglycemia-mediated superoxide (O2-) formation, DNA degeneration, and upregulation of caspase, but increased the expression of pAkt and Bcl-xL, proteins responsible for endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. Superoxides 71-81 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 24-28 17883332-6 2007 Selective expression of HO-1 prevented TNF- and hyperglycemia-mediated superoxide (O2-) formation, DNA degeneration, and upregulation of caspase, but increased the expression of pAkt and Bcl-xL, proteins responsible for endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. Superoxides 83-85 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 24-28 18066125-8 2007 Transfection of human endothelial cells or vascular smooth muscle cells with p22 phox siRNA to inhibit NADPH oxidase activation effectively abolished Hcy-induced superoxide anion production, thus indicating the direct involvement of NADPH oxidase in elevated superoxide generation in vascular cells. Superoxides 162-178 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 77-80 18066125-8 2007 Transfection of human endothelial cells or vascular smooth muscle cells with p22 phox siRNA to inhibit NADPH oxidase activation effectively abolished Hcy-induced superoxide anion production, thus indicating the direct involvement of NADPH oxidase in elevated superoxide generation in vascular cells. Superoxides 162-172 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 77-80 17942113-10 2007 Furthermore, CRP-induced O(2)(-) production was reversed by pharmacologic inhibition and siRNAs to p47 phox and p22 phox. Superoxides 25-32 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 99-102 17964606-8 2007 The results support the evidence about the ability of antioxidants to restore altered vascular reactivity of aortic rings in PPx rats, probably through the scavenging property of superoxide anion accumulation. Superoxides 179-195 protein phosphatase 4, catalytic subunit Rattus norvegicus 125-128 17583407-4 2007 Although Nox3 complexed with p22(phox) constitutively produce superoxide, the production can be enhanced by supportive proteins. Superoxides 62-72 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 29-32 17583407-4 2007 Although Nox3 complexed with p22(phox) constitutively produce superoxide, the production can be enhanced by supportive proteins. Superoxides 62-72 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 33-37 17583407-7 2007 When these oxidases use Noxo1 as an organizer instead of p47(phox), they produce a small but significant amount of superoxide without expression of Rac1(Q61L), although the production is enhanced by Rac1(Q61L). Superoxides 115-125 NADPH oxidase organizer 1 Homo sapiens 24-29 17583407-7 2007 When these oxidases use Noxo1 as an organizer instead of p47(phox), they produce a small but significant amount of superoxide without expression of Rac1(Q61L), although the production is enhanced by Rac1(Q61L). Superoxides 115-125 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 57-60 17583407-7 2007 When these oxidases use Noxo1 as an organizer instead of p47(phox), they produce a small but significant amount of superoxide without expression of Rac1(Q61L), although the production is enhanced by Rac1(Q61L). Superoxides 115-125 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 61-65 17583407-10 2007 We also demonstrate that, in the Nox3-based oxidase containing solely p67(phox) as supportive protein, expression of Rac1(Q61L) enhances not only superoxide production but also membrane translocation of p67(phox). Superoxides 146-156 NADPH oxidase 3 Homo sapiens 33-37 17583407-10 2007 We also demonstrate that, in the Nox3-based oxidase containing solely p67(phox) as supportive protein, expression of Rac1(Q61L) enhances not only superoxide production but also membrane translocation of p67(phox). Superoxides 146-156 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 74-78 17587483-0 2007 NOX5 is expressed at the plasma membrane and generates superoxide in response to protein kinase C activation. Superoxides 55-65 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 0-4 17587483-8 2007 Two arguments suggest that NOX5 is at least partially expressed on the plasma membrane: (i) the membrane-impermeant superoxide was readily detected by extracellular probes, and (ii) immunofluorescent labeling of NOX5 detected a fraction of the NOX5 protein at the plasma membrane. Superoxides 116-126 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 27-31 17391658-10 2007 NADPH oxidase inhibitors and superoxide scavengers significantly decreased Ang II-induced ET-1 mRNA and peptide expression, superoxide production as well as collagen expression. Superoxides 29-39 endothelin 1 Mus musculus 90-94 17443690-6 2007 When eNOS protein expression in endothelial cells was significantly decreased by eNOS siRNA treatment, superoxide generation was significantly higher in the MMECs grown in low glucose, but reduced in those grown in high glucose for 72 h. Thus, exposure of MMECs to high glucose results in increased oxidative stress that is associated with increased eNOS and NADPH oxidase subunit expression, notably p22phox, and decreased expression of SOD1 and 3. Superoxides 103-113 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 5-9 17443690-6 2007 When eNOS protein expression in endothelial cells was significantly decreased by eNOS siRNA treatment, superoxide generation was significantly higher in the MMECs grown in low glucose, but reduced in those grown in high glucose for 72 h. Thus, exposure of MMECs to high glucose results in increased oxidative stress that is associated with increased eNOS and NADPH oxidase subunit expression, notably p22phox, and decreased expression of SOD1 and 3. Superoxides 103-113 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 81-85 17443690-6 2007 When eNOS protein expression in endothelial cells was significantly decreased by eNOS siRNA treatment, superoxide generation was significantly higher in the MMECs grown in low glucose, but reduced in those grown in high glucose for 72 h. Thus, exposure of MMECs to high glucose results in increased oxidative stress that is associated with increased eNOS and NADPH oxidase subunit expression, notably p22phox, and decreased expression of SOD1 and 3. Superoxides 103-113 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 81-85 17553943-0 2007 Superoxide (*O2- ) production in CA1 neurons of rat hippocampal slices exposed to graded levels of oxygen. Superoxides 0-10 carbonic anhydrase 1 Rattus norvegicus 33-36 17463333-10 2007 CONCLUSION: In contrast to vitamin C treatment, augmenting BH4 levels in the endothelium by GCH overexpression reduced the accelerated atherosclerotic lesion formation in ApoE-KO/eNOS-Tg mice, associated with a reduction of superoxide production from uncoupled eNOS. Superoxides 224-234 GTP cyclohydrolase 1 Mus musculus 92-95 17538186-1 2007 Previous study has demonstrated that superoxide and the related products are involved in mediating the effect of low K intake on renal K secretion and ROMK channel activity in the cortical collecting duct (CCD). Superoxides 37-47 potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 1 Mus musculus 151-155 17250890-4 2007 Cytochrome c release to cytoplasm, superoxide anion overproduction and ATP depletion in NB4 cells induce, 16 h later, apoptosis by a typical caspase-9/caspase-3-dependent intrinsic pathway. Superoxides 35-51 caspase 9 Homo sapiens 141-150 17560373-2 2007 TNF signaling enables the generation of superoxide in phagocytic and vascular cells through the activation of the NADPH oxidase Nox2/gp91. Superoxides 40-50 paired Ig-like receptor B Mus musculus 133-137 17560373-6 2007 Moreover, the prevention of TNF-induced superoxide generation with dominant-negative mutants of TRADD or Rac1, as well as knockdown of Nox1 using siRNA, inhibits necrosis. Superoxides 40-50 TNFRSF1A-associated via death domain Mus musculus 96-101 17344185-0 2007 Depolarization of the macula densa induces superoxide production via NAD(P)H oxidase. Superoxides 43-53 NADPH oxidase 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 69-84 17344185-3 2007 We hypothesized that the increase in tubular NaCl concentration that initiates tubuloglomerular feedback induces O(2)(-) production by the macula densa via NAD(P)H oxidase, which is activated by macula densa depolarization. Superoxides 113-120 NADPH oxidase 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 156-171 17525281-7 2007 Expression and superoxide generation of the membrane components of NADPH oxidase, p22(phox) and gp91(phox), in the neointima were also suppressed by Ad-PEDF. Superoxides 15-25 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 82-85 17344208-10 2007 Finally, we demonstrate that T. thermophilus PRODH reacts with O(2) producing superoxide. Superoxides 63-67 proline dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 45-50 17344208-10 2007 Finally, we demonstrate that T. thermophilus PRODH reacts with O(2) producing superoxide. Superoxides 78-88 proline dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 45-50 17344208-11 2007 This is significant because superoxide production underlies the role of human PRODH in p53-mediated apoptosis, implying commonalities between eukaryotic and bacterial monofunctional PRODHs. Superoxides 28-38 proline dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 78-83 17122189-3 2007 The cardiac protein expression of p67(phox) and p22(phox) was increased in diabetic rats, accompanied by increased NADPH-dependent superoxide production. Superoxides 131-141 methionyl aminopeptidase 2 Rattus norvegicus 34-37 17320757-0 2007 Reduction of hexavalent chromium by human cytochrome b5: generation of hydroxyl radical and superoxide. Superoxides 92-102 cytochrome b5 type A Homo sapiens 42-55 17209050-1 2007 The interaction of C1q with specific cells of the immune system induces activities, such as enhancement of phagocytosis in monocytes and stimulation of superoxide production in neutrophils. Superoxides 152-162 complement C1q A chain Homo sapiens 19-22 17170376-1 2007 OBJECTIVES: Extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) lowers superoxide anions and maintains vascular nitric oxide level. Superoxides 62-79 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 12-46 17170376-1 2007 OBJECTIVES: Extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) lowers superoxide anions and maintains vascular nitric oxide level. Superoxides 62-79 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 48-53 17192422-5 2007 The stimulation of OKL38 by OxPAPC depends on superoxide production, because the NADPH oxidase (Nox) inhibitor apocynin and the superoxide scavenger N-acetyl cysteine block this stimulation. Superoxides 46-56 oxidative stress induced growth inhibitor 1 Homo sapiens 19-24 17192422-5 2007 The stimulation of OKL38 by OxPAPC depends on superoxide production, because the NADPH oxidase (Nox) inhibitor apocynin and the superoxide scavenger N-acetyl cysteine block this stimulation. Superoxides 128-138 oxidative stress induced growth inhibitor 1 Homo sapiens 19-24 17196179-12 2007 Thus, the study documented regional distributions of NOS, NAD(P)H oxidase, antioxidant enzymes, sGC and calmodulin which collectively regulate production and biological activities of NO and superoxide, the two important small molecular size signaling molecules. Superoxides 190-200 guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 2 Rattus norvegicus 96-99 17308111-7 2007 This activation, in combination with BaP-induced phosphorylated p53, promoted mitochondrial superoxide anion production, supporting the existence of a common target for NHE1 and p53. Superoxides 92-108 prohibitin 2 Homo sapiens 37-40 17332699-2 2007 First, the discovery of 7 Nox/Duox family proteins, Noxo1 and Noxa1 (homologues of gp91(phox), p47(phox) and p67(phox)) may clarify novel physiological mechanisms for superoxide regulation in various organs, such as the regulation of blood pressure, mucosal defense system in respiratory/digestive tract and nephron. Superoxides 167-177 NADPH oxidase organizer 1 Homo sapiens 52-57 17332699-2 2007 First, the discovery of 7 Nox/Duox family proteins, Noxo1 and Noxa1 (homologues of gp91(phox), p47(phox) and p67(phox)) may clarify novel physiological mechanisms for superoxide regulation in various organs, such as the regulation of blood pressure, mucosal defense system in respiratory/digestive tract and nephron. Superoxides 167-177 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 88-92 17332699-2 2007 First, the discovery of 7 Nox/Duox family proteins, Noxo1 and Noxa1 (homologues of gp91(phox), p47(phox) and p67(phox)) may clarify novel physiological mechanisms for superoxide regulation in various organs, such as the regulation of blood pressure, mucosal defense system in respiratory/digestive tract and nephron. Superoxides 167-177 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 95-104 17332699-2 2007 First, the discovery of 7 Nox/Duox family proteins, Noxo1 and Noxa1 (homologues of gp91(phox), p47(phox) and p67(phox)) may clarify novel physiological mechanisms for superoxide regulation in various organs, such as the regulation of blood pressure, mucosal defense system in respiratory/digestive tract and nephron. Superoxides 167-177 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 99-103 17126813-1 2007 NADPH oxidase organizer 1 (Noxo1), harboring a PX domain, two SH3 domains, and a proline-rich region (PRR), participates in activation of superoxide-producing Nox-family NADPH oxidases. Superoxides 138-148 NADPH oxidase organizer 1 Homo sapiens 0-25 17126813-1 2007 NADPH oxidase organizer 1 (Noxo1), harboring a PX domain, two SH3 domains, and a proline-rich region (PRR), participates in activation of superoxide-producing Nox-family NADPH oxidases. Superoxides 138-148 NADPH oxidase organizer 1 Homo sapiens 27-32 17126813-2 2007 Here, we show that Noxo1 supports superoxide production in a cell-free system for gp91(phox)/Nox2 activation by arachidonic acid. Superoxides 34-44 NADPH oxidase organizer 1 Homo sapiens 19-24 17137568-6 2007 Kallikrein treatment increased cardiac nitric oxide (NO) levels and reduced NAD(P)H oxidase activity and superoxide production. Superoxides 105-115 kallikrein 1-related peptidase b9 Mus musculus 0-10 17982273-7 2007 In Vav2-siRNA transfected RMCs, Hcys-induced Rac activity was blocked, which was accompanied by significant reduction of Hcys-induced O(2)(-). Superoxides 134-138 vav guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 3-7 17116747-4 2007 The released actMMP-3, as well as catalytically active recombinant MMP-3 (cMMP-3) led to microglial activation and superoxide generation in microglia and enhanced DA cell death. Superoxides 115-125 matrix metallopeptidase 3 Mus musculus 16-21 16971022-7 2007 Through immunocytochemistry analysis and assay of proinflammatory factors, we observed that each of the four PDIgGs (60microg/ml) and C5a (0.1nM) synergistically induced microglia activation and production of superoxide and nitric oxide (NO) in neuron-glia cultures. Superoxides 209-219 complement C5 Rattus norvegicus 134-137 17507875-0 2007 Iron-mediated dismutation of superoxide anion augments antigen-induced allergic inflammation: effect of lactoferrin. Superoxides 29-45 lactotransferrin Mus musculus 104-115 17456148-0 2007 Antibacterial activity of bovine lactoferrin hydrolysate against mastitis pathogens and its effect on superoxide production of bovine neutrophils. Superoxides 102-112 lactotransferrin Bos taurus 33-44 17133584-7 2006 Increased liver superoxide anion levels caused by the I/R procedure were reduced to normal levels by EC-SOD gene delivery. Superoxides 16-32 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 101-107 16895900-1 2006 The heterodimeric flavocytochrome b558, comprised of the two integral membrane proteins p22phox and gp91phox, mediates the transfer of electrons from NADPH to molecular oxygen in the phagocyte NADPH oxidase to generate the superoxide precursor of microbicidal oxidants. Superoxides 223-233 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 88-95 16800860-8 2006 When administered along with glucose oxidase (G-ox), a superoxide-generating enzyme, Amb a 1 induced robust airway inflammation, which was significantly lowered by LF. Superoxides 55-65 hydroxyacid oxidase 1, liver Mus musculus 29-44 16800860-8 2006 When administered along with glucose oxidase (G-ox), a superoxide-generating enzyme, Amb a 1 induced robust airway inflammation, which was significantly lowered by LF. Superoxides 55-65 hydroxyacid oxidase 1, liver Mus musculus 46-50 16807359-4 2006 IL-10 significantly inhibited LPS-induced production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nitric oxide, and extracellular superoxide in microglia cells. Superoxides 117-127 interleukin 10 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 16763214-4 2006 Inhibition of cross-linking activity of TG2 by monodansylcadaverin in these cells led to diminished nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) positivity, production of less superoxide anion, and decreased expression of GP91PHOX, the membrane-associated subunit of NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 159-175 transglutaminase 2, C polypeptide Mus musculus 40-43 16763214-5 2006 Neutrophils isolated from TG2(-/-) mice showed diminished NBT reduction capacity, reduced superoxide anion formation, and down-regulation of the gp91phox subunit of NADPH oxidase, compared with wild-type cells. Superoxides 90-106 transglutaminase 2, C polypeptide Mus musculus 26-29 16619034-0 2006 Proline oxidase activates both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways for apoptosis: the role of ROS/superoxides, NFAT and MEK/ERK signaling. Superoxides 95-106 proline dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 0-15 16619034-2 2006 We have shown that POX generated proline-dependent reactive oxygen species (ROS), specifically superoxide radicals, and induced apoptosis through the mitochondrial (intrinsic) pathway. Superoxides 95-105 proline dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 19-22 16987008-5 2006 Here the authors describe how the novel superoxide-producing Nox oxidases (Nox1, 3, 4, and 5) with different functions are regulated by p22( phox ), the Nox organizers, the Nox activators, and Rac, and how their expression is controlled at the transcriptional level. Superoxides 40-50 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 136-139 16864745-9 2006 Thus, during angiotensin II infusion, ecSOD reduces hypertension, minimizes vascular superoxide production, and preserves endothelial function in resistance arterioles. Superoxides 85-95 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 38-43 16846837-0 2006 Taurine chloramine inhibits PMA-stimulated superoxide production in human neutrophils perhaps by inhibiting phosphorylation and translocation of p47(phox). Superoxides 43-53 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 145-148 16846837-0 2006 Taurine chloramine inhibits PMA-stimulated superoxide production in human neutrophils perhaps by inhibiting phosphorylation and translocation of p47(phox). Superoxides 43-53 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 149-153 16899095-8 2006 CONCLUSIONS: C242T p22phox NADPH oxidase and FcgammaR polymorphisms may predispose to AgP through a modulation of neutrophil superoxide production. Superoxides 125-135 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 19-26 16698001-12 2006 Transfection with RhoGDIalpha siRNA constructs potently reduced RhoGDIalpha protein expression, decreased AngII-induced superoxide production and lipid peroxidation, and inhibited AngII-induced leucine incorporation. Superoxides 120-130 Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor alpha Rattus norvegicus 18-29 16816381-2 2006 The gp91(phox-/-) mouse is deficient in the gp91(phox) gene, an essential subunit of the phagocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase that generates superoxide anion. Superoxides 166-182 paired Ig-like receptor B Mus musculus 4-8 16816381-2 2006 The gp91(phox-/-) mouse is deficient in the gp91(phox) gene, an essential subunit of the phagocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase that generates superoxide anion. Superoxides 166-182 paired Ig-like receptor B Mus musculus 44-48 16804062-10 2006 Taken together, increased polyol pathway flux through AR is a major contributing factor in the early signs of diabetic neuropathy, possibly through depletion of glutathione, increased superoxide accumulation, increased JNK activation, and DNA damage. Superoxides 184-194 aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B3 (aldose reductase) Mus musculus 54-56 16816114-5 2006 Superoxide and hydrogen peroxide were generated at increased levels in GD3 synthase gene transfectants in comparison with empty vector (EV) -transfected VSMC. Superoxides 0-10 GRDX Homo sapiens 71-74 16271489-8 2006 These results indicate that superoxide secondarily generated from damaged mitochondria, not hydroxyl radicals generated in medium directly by sonication, give rise to intracellular oxidative stress inducing HO-1 expression. Superoxides 28-38 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 207-211 16751409-7 2006 We also provide evidence that the PI3K-dependent functional responses (i.e., superoxide production and chemotaxis) induced by the chemotactic factor mainly involve PI3K I(A) and, by implication, the delayed phase of PI(3,4,5)P(3) production, whereas p110gamma and the early peak of PI(3,4,5)P(3) do not play major roles in the initiation or the control of these responses. Superoxides 77-87 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit gamma Homo sapiens 250-259 16756681-0 2006 The superoxide scavenger TEMPOL induces urokinase receptor (uPAR) expression in human prostate cancer cells. Superoxides 4-14 plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor Homo sapiens 60-64 16756681-3 2006 We investigated the effect of increased scavenging of superoxide anions on the expression of the urokinase receptor (uPAR) in PC-3M human prostate cancer cells. Superoxides 54-71 plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor Homo sapiens 117-121 16756681-5 2006 Addition of the superoxide scavenger 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxy (TEMPOL) to PC-3M cultures stimulated expression of uPAR protein peaking between 48 and 72 hours. Superoxides 16-26 plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor Homo sapiens 133-137 16756681-11 2006 These findings reveal a novel pathway for uPAR regulation involving reactive oxygens such as superoxide anion. Superoxides 93-109 plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor Homo sapiens 42-46 16633352-4 2006 MSP effects were compared with those induced by known AM stimuli, for example, phorbol myristate acetate, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, lipopolysaccharide.MSP evokes O(2)(-) production, cytokine release and NF-kappaB activation in a concentration-dependent manner. Superoxides 177-184 macrophage stimulating 1 Homo sapiens 166-169 16633352-5 2006 By evaluating the respiratory burst, we demonstrate a significantly increased O(2)(-) production in AM from healthy smokers or smokers with pulmonary fibrosis, as compared to non-smokers, thus suggesting MSP as an enhancer of cigarette smoke toxicity. Superoxides 78-82 macrophage stimulating 1 Homo sapiens 204-207 16551617-7 2006 The lower oxidative stress resulting from the decrease in cellular O2*- delayed the cell cycle at G1 and significantly slowed SPC-A-1 cell growth in association with the dephosphorylation of the serine-threonine protein kinase Akt and expression of p27kip1. Superoxides 67-69 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 1B Homo sapiens 249-256 16551628-5 2006 An inhibitor of Src kinase, PP2, significantly blocked S100B-induced activation of Src kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinases, transcription factors NF-kappaB and STAT3, superoxide production, tyrosine phosphorylation of Cav-1, VSMC migration, and expression of the pro-inflammatory genes monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and interleukin-6. Superoxides 173-183 Rous sarcoma oncogene Mus musculus 16-19 16551628-5 2006 An inhibitor of Src kinase, PP2, significantly blocked S100B-induced activation of Src kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinases, transcription factors NF-kappaB and STAT3, superoxide production, tyrosine phosphorylation of Cav-1, VSMC migration, and expression of the pro-inflammatory genes monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and interleukin-6. Superoxides 173-183 neuropeptide Y receptor Y6 Mus musculus 28-31 16551628-5 2006 An inhibitor of Src kinase, PP2, significantly blocked S100B-induced activation of Src kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinases, transcription factors NF-kappaB and STAT3, superoxide production, tyrosine phosphorylation of Cav-1, VSMC migration, and expression of the pro-inflammatory genes monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and interleukin-6. Superoxides 173-183 S100 protein, beta polypeptide, neural Mus musculus 55-60 16646023-2 2006 METHODS: Superoxide release from neutrophils binding to purified P-selectin or to tumor necrosis factor-activated endothelial cells was measured under flow or static conditions using the superoxide dismutase (SOD)-inhibitable reduction of ferricytochrome c. Neutrophils were activated with fMLP, normal IgG, or ANCA IgG. Superoxides 9-19 selectin P Homo sapiens 65-75 16646023-5 2006 RESULTS: ANCA IgG or fMLP induced superoxide release when perfused over neutrophils that were rolling over P-selectin, but not those that were binding to endothelial cells. Superoxides 34-44 selectin P Homo sapiens 107-117 16643434-9 2006 Superoxide anion scavenging by superoxide dismutase (SOD) attenuated the hyperglycaemic enhancement of platelet P-selectin expression, but did not counteract the enhancement of TRAP-induced platelet fibrinogen binding. Superoxides 0-16 selectin P Homo sapiens 112-122 16643434-13 2006 This occurred via superoxide anion production, which enhanced platelet P-selectin expression (secretion), and PKC signalling, which enhanced TRAP-induced fibrinogen binding (aggregablity). Superoxides 18-34 selectin P Homo sapiens 71-81 16622226-8 2006 K252a, an inhibitor of TrkA receptor, and LY294002, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), reduced the toxin-induced production of O2(-) and phosphorylation of PDK1, but not the formation of DG. Superoxides 146-148 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 175-179 16631534-4 2006 The eNOS-mediated enhancement of blood cell adhesion is reversible by pretreatment with sepiapterin (which generates the eNOS cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin) or polyethyleneglycol-superoxide dismutase, implicating a role for eNOS-dependent superoxide production. Superoxides 178-188 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 4-8 16611809-8 2006 At the molecular level, aged EC-SOD transgenic mice had lower superoxide levels, a decrease in protein carbonyl levels, and a decrease in p38 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 phosphorylation compared with aged wild-type mice. Superoxides 62-72 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 29-35 16611809-9 2006 Our findings suggest that elevated levels of superoxide contribute to aging-related impairments in hippocampal LTP and memory, and that these impairments can be alleviated by overexpression of EC-SOD. Superoxides 45-55 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 193-199 16451799-7 2006 In hyperhomocysteinaemic rabbits there was a marked reduction of acetylcholine-stimulated relaxation and an increase in superoxide formation that were both inhibited with superoxide dismutase and apocynin, an NADPH oxidase inhibitor. Superoxides 120-130 NADPH oxidase 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 209-222 16451799-11 2006 These data indicate that hyperhomocysteinaemia augments the formation of arterial superoxide through an increase in NADPH oxidase expression/activity which in turn reduces NO bioavailability. Superoxides 82-92 NADPH oxidase 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 116-129 16405902-9 2006 fMLP- and AA-induced tyrosyl phosphorylation and translocation of the cytosolic proteins p47(phox), p67(phox), and rac to the cell membrane were suppressed in parallel with the suppression of the stimulus-induced superoxide generation. Superoxides 213-223 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 89-92 16446495-14 2006 A possible role of GM-CSF in inducing O2*- production and in restoring the defensive role of neutrophils in CD patients is suggested. Superoxides 38-41 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 19-25 16371425-1 2006 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3), a secretory copper enzyme, plays an important role in atherosclerosis and hypertension by modulating the levels of extracellular superoxide anion (O2*-) in the vasculature. Superoxides 172-188 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 36-40 16371425-1 2006 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3), a secretory copper enzyme, plays an important role in atherosclerosis and hypertension by modulating the levels of extracellular superoxide anion (O2*-) in the vasculature. Superoxides 190-192 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 36-40 16371425-10 2006 In conclusion, vascular MNK plays an essential role in full activity of SOD3 through transporting copper to SOD3 in the TGN, thereby regulating O2*- levels in the vasculature. Superoxides 144-147 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 72-76 16449797-4 2006 Mechanistically, substance P (10(-13)-10(-14) M) activated microglial NADPH oxidase to produce extracellular superoxide and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxides 109-119 tachykinin 1 Mus musculus 17-28 16380530-9 2006 Intracellular superoxide generation was enhanced after leptin treatment, which was partially blocked by apocynin, BQ123, or BQ788. Superoxides 14-24 leptin Mus musculus 55-61 16329999-13 2006 Thus, upregulation of HO-1 and overproduction of CO may allow the survival of LPS-stimulated macrophages; first, by eliminating the free heme to prevent Fenton reaction, second, by limiting the availability of free heme required for induction of NO-producing heme enzyme (i.e., iNOS), third, by limiting additional production of O(2)(-) and NO via CO-derived inhibition on the activities of heme enzymes like NADPH oxidase and iNOS, respectively. Superoxides 329-333 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 22-26 16339961-5 2006 Increases in superoxide anions induced by low dietary K intake are responsible for the stimulation of PTK expression and tyrosine phosphorylation of ROMK channels. Superoxides 13-30 potassium inwardly-rectifying channel, subfamily J, member 1 Mus musculus 149-153 16344367-1 2006 Endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) produces superoxide when depleted of (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-L-biopterin (BH4) and L-arginine by uncoupling the electron flow from NO production. Superoxides 40-50 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 25-29 16344367-12 2006 Nevertheless, eNOS-dependent ROS production was not completely abolished by the addition of BH4, suggesting intrinsic superoxide production by eNOS. Superoxides 118-128 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 14-18 16344367-12 2006 Nevertheless, eNOS-dependent ROS production was not completely abolished by the addition of BH4, suggesting intrinsic superoxide production by eNOS. Superoxides 118-128 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 143-147 16344367-13 2006 This study indicates that potentially beneficial sustained increases in eNOS expression and activity could lead to eNOS uncoupling and superoxide production as a consequence. Superoxides 135-145 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 72-76 17065038-10 2006 Inhibition of Hsp90 by GA resulted in an increase in superoxide generation and a decrease in eNOs protein expression. Superoxides 53-63 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 14-19 16429256-4 2006 Superoxide generation was measured by the reduction of cytochrome C in a colorimetric assay. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome c, somatic Equus caballus 55-67 16150735-3 2005 While NADH dehydrogenase (NDH) is a critical site of this O(2)(.) Superoxides 58-62 GLIS family zinc finger 3 Homo sapiens 26-29 16204621-3 2005 However, this production of O2- is dependent on translocation of the oxidase subunits, including gp91phox, p22phox, p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and Rac2 from the cytosol or specific granules to the plasma membrane. Superoxides 28-30 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 107-114 16204621-3 2005 However, this production of O2- is dependent on translocation of the oxidase subunits, including gp91phox, p22phox, p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and Rac2 from the cytosol or specific granules to the plasma membrane. Superoxides 28-30 neutrophil cytosolic factor 4 Homo sapiens 134-141 16271517-6 2005 More interestingly, these signaling events are modulated by NAD(P)H oxidase-derived superoxide anions which directly phosphorylate JAK2 and thereby control JAK2 activity. Superoxides 84-101 Janus kinase 2 Mus musculus 131-135 16271517-6 2005 More interestingly, these signaling events are modulated by NAD(P)H oxidase-derived superoxide anions which directly phosphorylate JAK2 and thereby control JAK2 activity. Superoxides 84-101 Janus kinase 2 Mus musculus 156-160 16179591-9 2005 Aortic and cardiac O2*- production was significantly increased in eNOS-Tg mice compared with wild type but was normalized after NOS inhibition with Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME), suggesting O2*- production by uncoupled eNOS. Superoxides 19-21 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 66-70 16179591-9 2005 Aortic and cardiac O2*- production was significantly increased in eNOS-Tg mice compared with wild type but was normalized after NOS inhibition with Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME), suggesting O2*- production by uncoupled eNOS. Superoxides 19-23 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 66-70 16151022-5 2005 DPI or antisense p22phox or p47phox oligonucleotide treatment also attenuated the AT1 receptor-dependent increase in O2*- production in the ventrolateral medulla elicited by Ang II at the RVLM. Superoxides 117-121 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 17-24 15900020-12 2005 These findings indicate that superoxide anion contributes to the elevated RVR and increased arterial blood pressure, by a mechanism that is at least in part nitric oxide dependent, in Cyp1a1-Ren2 rats with malignant hypertension. Superoxides 29-45 cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 184-190 16186389-0 2005 Gene delivery of Tim44 reduces mitochondrial superoxide production and ameliorates neointimal proliferation of injured carotid artery in diabetic rats. Superoxides 45-55 translocase of inner mitochondrial membrane 44 Homo sapiens 17-22 16254825-5 2005 FMLP-induced tyrosyl phosphorylation or PMA-induced serine/threonine phosphorylation and the translocation of the cytosolic proteins p47(phox) and p67(phox) to the cell membrane were suppressed in parallel to the suppression of the stimulus-induced superoxide generation. Superoxides 249-259 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 133-142 16254825-5 2005 FMLP-induced tyrosyl phosphorylation or PMA-induced serine/threonine phosphorylation and the translocation of the cytosolic proteins p47(phox) and p67(phox) to the cell membrane were suppressed in parallel to the suppression of the stimulus-induced superoxide generation. Superoxides 249-259 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 137-141 16140258-2 2005 Aconitase inactivation was calibrated using the known rate of matrix superoxide production from complex I. Glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase generated superoxide about equally to each side of the membrane, whereas centre o of complex III in the presence of antimycin A generated superoxide about 30% on the cytosolic side and 70% on the matrix side. Superoxides 69-79 Mitochondrial aconitase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 0-9 16140258-1 2005 The topology of superoxide generation by sn-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase and complex III in intact Drosophila mitochondria was studied using aconitase inactivation to measure superoxide production in the matrix, and hydrogen peroxide formation in the presence of superoxide dismutase to measure superoxide production from both sides of the membrane. Superoxides 16-26 Mitochondrial aconitase 1 Drosophila melanogaster 147-156 15994299-1 2005 The integral membrane protein p22phox is an indispensable component of the superoxide-generating phagocyte NADPH oxidase, whose catalytic core is the membrane-associated gp91phox (also known as Nox2). Superoxides 75-85 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 30-37 15860507-7 2005 N-Acetyl-L-cysteine, superoxide (O2-) dismutase and catalase attenuated the EGCG-induced pro-MMP-7 production, suggesting an involvement of oxidative stress in these events. Superoxides 21-31 matrix metallopeptidase 7 Homo sapiens 93-98 15860507-11 2005 Our results suggest that some green tea catechins induce pro-MMP-7 production via O2- production and the activation of JNK1/2, c-JUN, c-FOS and AP-1 in HT-29 cells. Superoxides 82-84 matrix metallopeptidase 7 Homo sapiens 61-66 15951351-3 2005 We now report that an annexin AI peptide (Ac9-25) activates, as well as inhibits, the neutrophil release of superoxide anions. Superoxides 108-125 adenylate cyclase 9 Homo sapiens 42-45 16009563-6 2005 GM-CSF primed (4 days) microglia also produced significantly higher amounts of superoxide after PMA-stimulation. Superoxides 79-89 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-6 15879305-6 2005 Increased superoxide production by the endothelial and/or smooth muscle cells has important consequences with respect to signaling by the soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) and the cGMP-dependent protein kinase I (cGK-I), the activity and expression of which has been shown to be regulated in a redox-sensitive fashion. Superoxides 10-20 protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1 Homo sapiens 177-208 15879305-6 2005 Increased superoxide production by the endothelial and/or smooth muscle cells has important consequences with respect to signaling by the soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) and the cGMP-dependent protein kinase I (cGK-I), the activity and expression of which has been shown to be regulated in a redox-sensitive fashion. Superoxides 10-20 protein kinase cGMP-dependent 1 Homo sapiens 210-215 15817612-11 2005 Compared with control cells, MnSOD-expressing DLD-1 POX cells generated a higher concentration of H2O2 owing to dismutation of superoxide radicals, which was elevated by POX. Superoxides 127-137 proline dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 52-55 15817612-12 2005 Thus, these data further suggest that the generation of superoxide radicals plays a crucial role in POX-induced apoptosis and the process is partially blocked by MnSOD. Superoxides 56-75 proline dehydrogenase 1 Homo sapiens 100-103 15878997-2 2005 A cell-permeable protein kinase C (PKC) betaII peptide inhibitor was used to test the hypothesis that PKC betaII inhibition could attenuate PMN-induced cardiac dysfunction by suppression of superoxide production from PMNs and increase NO release from vascular endothelium. Superoxides 190-200 phospholipase C, beta 2 Rattus norvegicus 102-112 15878997-8 2005 These results suggest that the PKC betaII peptide inhibitor attenuates PMN-induced post-I/R cardiac contractile dysfunction by increasing endothelial NO release and by inhibiting superoxide release from PMNs. Superoxides 179-189 phospholipase C, beta 2 Rattus norvegicus 31-41 16104590-0 2005 [super-molecular interaction of p47(phox): a regulatory protein of superoxide-producing system in phagocytes]. Superoxides 67-77 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 32-35 15925276-8 2005 In other cardiovascular situations, delivery of human HO-1 to hyperglycemic rats significantly lowers superoxide (O(2)(-)) levels and prevents EC damage and sloughing of vascular EC into the circulation. Superoxides 102-112 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 54-58 15925276-8 2005 In other cardiovascular situations, delivery of human HO-1 to hyperglycemic rats significantly lowers superoxide (O(2)(-)) levels and prevents EC damage and sloughing of vascular EC into the circulation. Superoxides 114-118 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 54-58 15824103-3 2005 Here we show that ectopic expression of Nox3 in various types of cells leads to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-independent constitutive production of a substantial amount of superoxide under the conditions where gp91(phox) and Nox1 fail to generate superoxide, i.e. in the absence of the oxidase organizers and activators. Superoxides 175-185 paired Ig-like receptor B Mus musculus 213-217 15890626-6 2005 Under conditions of oxidative stress, caused by the superoxide-generating agent methyl viologen, growth of worms lacking nnt-1 activity was severely impaired. Superoxides 52-62 Proton-translocating NAD(P)(+) transhydrogenase Caenorhabditis elegans 121-126 15821440-0 2005 Mediation of the effect of nicotine on Kir6.1 channels by superoxide anion production. Superoxides 58-74 potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 8 Homo sapiens 39-45 16010852-9 2005 However, hyphae of S. apiospermum were damaged significantly more after incubation with PMN that had been treated with IFN-gamma and GM-CSF for 2 h. In addition, incubation of PMN with GM-CSF for 2 h enhanced PMN oxidative burst measured as superoxide anion (O2-) production in response to nonopsonized hyphae of A. flavus and Scedosporium spp. Superoxides 241-257 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 133-139 16010852-9 2005 However, hyphae of S. apiospermum were damaged significantly more after incubation with PMN that had been treated with IFN-gamma and GM-CSF for 2 h. In addition, incubation of PMN with GM-CSF for 2 h enhanced PMN oxidative burst measured as superoxide anion (O2-) production in response to nonopsonized hyphae of A. flavus and Scedosporium spp. Superoxides 241-257 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 185-191 16010852-9 2005 However, hyphae of S. apiospermum were damaged significantly more after incubation with PMN that had been treated with IFN-gamma and GM-CSF for 2 h. In addition, incubation of PMN with GM-CSF for 2 h enhanced PMN oxidative burst measured as superoxide anion (O2-) production in response to nonopsonized hyphae of A. flavus and Scedosporium spp. Superoxides 259-261 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 133-139 16010852-9 2005 However, hyphae of S. apiospermum were damaged significantly more after incubation with PMN that had been treated with IFN-gamma and GM-CSF for 2 h. In addition, incubation of PMN with GM-CSF for 2 h enhanced PMN oxidative burst measured as superoxide anion (O2-) production in response to nonopsonized hyphae of A. flavus and Scedosporium spp. Superoxides 259-261 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 185-191 15882436-4 2005 In addition, anti-oxidants such as hydroxyl-radical excluders and capturers of superoxide and inhibitors of superoxide production effectively reduced the size of the apoptotic fraction in MT-2 cells cultured with chrysotile-A. Superoxides 79-89 metallothionein 2A Homo sapiens 188-192 15882436-4 2005 In addition, anti-oxidants such as hydroxyl-radical excluders and capturers of superoxide and inhibitors of superoxide production effectively reduced the size of the apoptotic fraction in MT-2 cells cultured with chrysotile-A. Superoxides 108-118 metallothionein 2A Homo sapiens 188-192 15718503-6 2005 After Ca2+-induced activation, endoglin-deficient endothelial cells have reduced eNOS/Hsp90 association, produce less NO, and generate more eNOS-derived superoxide (O2-), indicating that endoglin also facilitates eNOS/Hsp90 interactions and is an important regulator in the coupling of eNOS activity. Superoxides 153-163 endoglin Mus musculus 31-39 15718503-6 2005 After Ca2+-induced activation, endoglin-deficient endothelial cells have reduced eNOS/Hsp90 association, produce less NO, and generate more eNOS-derived superoxide (O2-), indicating that endoglin also facilitates eNOS/Hsp90 interactions and is an important regulator in the coupling of eNOS activity. Superoxides 165-167 endoglin Mus musculus 31-39 15718503-7 2005 Treatment with an O2- scavenger reverses the vasomotor abnormalities in Eng(+/-) arteries, suggesting that uncoupled eNOS and resulting impaired myogenic response represent early events in HHT1 pathogenesis and that the use of antioxidants may provide a novel therapeutic modality. Superoxides 18-20 endoglin Mus musculus 72-75 15718503-7 2005 Treatment with an O2- scavenger reverses the vasomotor abnormalities in Eng(+/-) arteries, suggesting that uncoupled eNOS and resulting impaired myogenic response represent early events in HHT1 pathogenesis and that the use of antioxidants may provide a novel therapeutic modality. Superoxides 18-20 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 117-121 15820617-3 2005 Gastric biopsies of hospitalized geriatric patients were analyzed for histology (Sidney classification), and real-time PCR was used to quantify mRNA expression of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidases NOX1, NOX2, and NOX5. Superoxides 167-177 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 220-224 15820256-9 2005 Furthermore, GGTI treatment attenuated balloon-injury-induced superoxide generation assayed by MCLA luminescence. Superoxides 62-72 protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I subunit beta Homo sapiens 13-17 15828232-5 2005 In addition, the phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated 22 kDa-subunit (p22phox) protein levels and 47 kDa-subunit (p47phox) protein levels in NADPH (superoxide generating enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form)) oxidase were decreased by treatment with PPARalpha and PPARgamma ligands/activators. Superoxides 154-164 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 76-83 15828232-5 2005 In addition, the phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated 22 kDa-subunit (p22phox) protein levels and 47 kDa-subunit (p47phox) protein levels in NADPH (superoxide generating enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form)) oxidase were decreased by treatment with PPARalpha and PPARgamma ligands/activators. Superoxides 154-164 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha Homo sapiens 284-293 15755139-1 2005 Nanocrystalline CeO2 supplies reactive oxygen in the form of surface eta1 superoxide species and peroxide adspecies at the one-electron defect site to the supported active species of gold for the oxidation of CO. Superoxides 74-84 secreted phosphoprotein 1 Homo sapiens 69-73 15784978-1 2005 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an enzyme facilitating the removal of superoxide anions from living organisms. Superoxides 68-85 superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Bombyx mori 0-20 15784978-1 2005 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an enzyme facilitating the removal of superoxide anions from living organisms. Superoxides 68-85 superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Bombyx mori 22-25 15492012-4 2005 Immunoprecipitation and Western blotting analysis demonstrated that arsenic stimulation induced serine phosphorylation of p47phox, a key component of NADPH oxidase, indicating that arsenic induces O2* formation through NADPH oxidase activation. Superoxides 197-199 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 122-129 15467005-0 2005 Superoxide scavenging attenuates renal responses to ANG II during nitric oxide synthase inhibition in anesthetized dogs. Superoxides 0-10 ANG Canis lupus familiaris 52-55 15467005-5 2005 These data demonstrate that renal responses to ANG II are partly mediated by O2- generation and its interaction with NO. Superoxides 77-79 ANG Canis lupus familiaris 47-50 15471985-0 2005 Endostatin uncouples NO and Ca2+ response to bradykinin through enhanced O2*- production in the intact coronary endothelium. Superoxides 73-77 collagen type XVIII alpha 1 chain Homo sapiens 0-10 15471985-1 2005 The present study tested the hypothesis that endostatin stimulates superoxide (O2*-) production through a ceramide-mediating signaling pathway and thereby results in an uncoupling of bradykinin (BK)-induced increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) from nitric oxide (NO) production in coronary endothelial cells. Superoxides 67-77 collagen type XVIII alpha 1 chain Homo sapiens 45-55 15471985-1 2005 The present study tested the hypothesis that endostatin stimulates superoxide (O2*-) production through a ceramide-mediating signaling pathway and thereby results in an uncoupling of bradykinin (BK)-induced increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) from nitric oxide (NO) production in coronary endothelial cells. Superoxides 79-83 collagen type XVIII alpha 1 chain Homo sapiens 45-55 15358609-7 2004 These changes in infiltrated leukocyte number and MPO activity were associated with an increase in superoxide generation in perinecrotic areas from hearts of young rats compared with aged rats. Superoxides 99-109 myeloperoxidase Rattus norvegicus 50-53 15528465-1 2004 The extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) plays an important role in atherosclerosis and endothelial function by modulating levels of the superoxide anion (O2*-) in the extracellular space. Superoxides 143-159 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 4-38 15528465-1 2004 The extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) plays an important role in atherosclerosis and endothelial function by modulating levels of the superoxide anion (O2*-) in the extracellular space. Superoxides 143-159 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 40-45 15528465-1 2004 The extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) plays an important role in atherosclerosis and endothelial function by modulating levels of the superoxide anion (O2*-) in the extracellular space. Superoxides 161-165 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 4-38 15528465-1 2004 The extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) plays an important role in atherosclerosis and endothelial function by modulating levels of the superoxide anion (O2*-) in the extracellular space. Superoxides 161-165 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 40-45 15528465-8 2004 Importantly, the decrease in tissue-bound ecSOD levels in aortas from fibulin-5-/- mice was associated with an increase in vascular O2*- levels. Superoxides 132-134 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 42-47 15528465-8 2004 Importantly, the decrease in tissue-bound ecSOD levels in aortas from fibulin-5-/- mice was associated with an increase in vascular O2*- levels. Superoxides 132-134 fibulin 5 Mus musculus 70-79 15528465-10 2004 In summary, we provide in this study the first evidence that the ecSOD-fibulin-5 interaction is required for ecSOD binding to vascular tissues, thereby regulating vascular O2*- levels. Superoxides 172-174 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 65-70 15528465-10 2004 In summary, we provide in this study the first evidence that the ecSOD-fibulin-5 interaction is required for ecSOD binding to vascular tissues, thereby regulating vascular O2*- levels. Superoxides 172-174 fibulin 5 Mus musculus 71-80 15528465-10 2004 In summary, we provide in this study the first evidence that the ecSOD-fibulin-5 interaction is required for ecSOD binding to vascular tissues, thereby regulating vascular O2*- levels. Superoxides 172-174 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 109-114 15571180-5 2004 PATIENTS AND METHODS: To this end, the gene expression of p22phox, a NAD(P)H oxidase subunit closely linked with the generation of superoxide anions and of Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), induced by and protective from oxidative stress, were evaluated by RT-PCR in mononuclear cells from 5 patients under 3 times a week chronic bicarbonate dialysis. Superoxides 131-148 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 58-65 15312990-4 2004 We aimed to investigate whether superoxide and peroxynitrite impacts on the expression and function of sGC and if such a mechanism occurs in a hypercholestemia-induced atherosclerosis. Superoxides 32-42 guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 2 Rattus norvegicus 103-106 15312990-6 2004 Furthermore, intracellular superoxide as generated by LY85385 almost completely inhibited sGC-activity and increased its expression. Superoxides 27-37 guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 2 Rattus norvegicus 90-93 15322091-12 2004 We provide evidence that p22phox directly interacts with Nox1 and Nox4, to form an superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase and demonstrate that mutation of the potential heme binding site in the Nox proteins disrupts the complex formation of Nox1 and Nox4 with p22phox. Superoxides 83-93 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 25-32 15326186-0 2004 NOX3, a superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase of the inner ear. Superoxides 8-18 NADPH oxidase 3 Homo sapiens 0-4 15326186-6 2004 NOX3-dependent superoxide production required a stimulus in the absence of subunits and upon co-expression with phagocyte NADPH oxidase subunits p47(phox) and p67(phox), but it was stimulus-independent upon co-expression with colon NADPH oxidase subunits NOX organizer 1 and NOX activator 1. Superoxides 15-25 NADPH oxidase 3 Homo sapiens 0-4 15326186-6 2004 NOX3-dependent superoxide production required a stimulus in the absence of subunits and upon co-expression with phagocyte NADPH oxidase subunits p47(phox) and p67(phox), but it was stimulus-independent upon co-expression with colon NADPH oxidase subunits NOX organizer 1 and NOX activator 1. Superoxides 15-25 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 145-154 15326186-6 2004 NOX3-dependent superoxide production required a stimulus in the absence of subunits and upon co-expression with phagocyte NADPH oxidase subunits p47(phox) and p67(phox), but it was stimulus-independent upon co-expression with colon NADPH oxidase subunits NOX organizer 1 and NOX activator 1. Superoxides 15-25 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 149-153 15326186-6 2004 NOX3-dependent superoxide production required a stimulus in the absence of subunits and upon co-expression with phagocyte NADPH oxidase subunits p47(phox) and p67(phox), but it was stimulus-independent upon co-expression with colon NADPH oxidase subunits NOX organizer 1 and NOX activator 1. Superoxides 15-25 NADPH oxidase organizer 1 Homo sapiens 255-270 15326186-7 2004 Pre-incubation of NOX3-transfected human embryonic kidney 293 cells with the ototoxic drug cisplatin markedly enhanced superoxide production, in both the presence and the absence of subunits. Superoxides 119-129 NADPH oxidase 3 Homo sapiens 18-22 15509740-10 2004 These studies suggest that gp120 may induce neuronal apoptosis in the CNS of HAD patients through the CXCR4-NADPH oxidase-superoxide-NSMase-ceramide pathway. Superoxides 122-132 inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 Homo sapiens 27-32 15373923-9 2004 The stimulation of superoxide release by IgG1- and IgG3-ANCA subclass fractions is consistent with the proposed mechanism of co-ligation of PR3 antigen and FcgammaRIIa/IIIb receptors. Superoxides 19-29 immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 3 (G3m marker) Homo sapiens 51-55 15464300-10 2004 It has also been reported recently that UCP2 and UCP3 responses to superoxide application may be an antioxidant protective mechanism. Superoxides 67-77 uncoupling protein 3 Rattus norvegicus 49-53 15325298-1 2004 This study shows that hydroethidine (HE) used for the qualitative detection of superoxide anion can also be oxidized by heme proteins such as the mitochondrial cytochromes, hemoglobin, and myoglobin, forming spectrally nonhomogenous mixtures of HE-derived products of various oxidation states. Superoxides 79-95 myoglobin Homo sapiens 189-198 15249190-0 2004 Role of NADPH oxidase-mediated superoxide production in the regulation of E-selectin expression by endothelial cells subjected to anoxia/reoxygenation. Superoxides 31-41 selectin E Homo sapiens 74-84 15249190-1 2004 OBJECTIVE: Anoxia followed by reoxygenation (A/R) increases endothelial cell superoxide (O2-) generation which is implicated in E-selectin overexpression. Superoxides 77-87 selectin E Homo sapiens 128-138 15249190-1 2004 OBJECTIVE: Anoxia followed by reoxygenation (A/R) increases endothelial cell superoxide (O2-) generation which is implicated in E-selectin overexpression. Superoxides 89-91 selectin E Homo sapiens 128-138 15210651-2 2004 NADPH oxidase is the main source of superoxide in phagocytic and vascular cells, and the p22phox subunit is involved in NADPH oxidase activation. Superoxides 36-46 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 89-96 15255947-7 2004 Phospholipase A2 inhibitors decrease the deregulation-related increase in superoxide without protecting against deregulation. Superoxides 74-84 phospholipase A2 group IB Rattus norvegicus 0-16 15251438-1 2004 To understand the biochemical events that control the generation of superoxide, the effect of inhibiting the respiratory complexes III and IV (C-III and C-IV) and alternative oxidase (AOX) on the rate of superoxide production was analyzed in mitochondria from maize seedlings. Superoxides 68-78 alternative oxidase Zea mays 184-187 15251438-1 2004 To understand the biochemical events that control the generation of superoxide, the effect of inhibiting the respiratory complexes III and IV (C-III and C-IV) and alternative oxidase (AOX) on the rate of superoxide production was analyzed in mitochondria from maize seedlings. Superoxides 204-214 alternative oxidase Zea mays 163-182 15251438-1 2004 To understand the biochemical events that control the generation of superoxide, the effect of inhibiting the respiratory complexes III and IV (C-III and C-IV) and alternative oxidase (AOX) on the rate of superoxide production was analyzed in mitochondria from maize seedlings. Superoxides 204-214 alternative oxidase Zea mays 184-187 15251438-3 2004 Below this inhibition threshold, AOX exerted the highest degree of control on superoxide production, whereas above it, the highest degree of control was exerted by C-IV. Superoxides 78-88 alternative oxidase Zea mays 33-36 15251438-4 2004 The contribution of C-III to control superoxide production became significant when AOX activity was modulated. Superoxides 37-47 alternative oxidase Zea mays 83-86 15020294-7 2004 This increase in superoxide levels could be blocked by the exogenous addition of Cu/Zn SOD (150 U/ml) or by apocynin (30 microM, an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase) but was not affected by gp91(phox) knockout mice. Superoxides 17-27 paired Ig-like receptor B Mus musculus 184-188 15016652-1 2004 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) is the primary extracellular enzymatic scavenger of superoxide ((.)O(2)(-)). Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 36-40 15001455-2 2004 Among various mechanisms implicated in the impaired EDR in atherosclerosis, superoxide generated from dysfunctional eNOS has attracted attention. Superoxides 76-86 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 116-120 15001455-3 2004 Under conditions in which vascular tissue levels of tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), a cofactor for NOS, are deficient or lacking, eNOS becomes dysfunctional and produces superoxide rather than NO. Superoxides 165-175 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 125-129 15001455-6 2004 In contrast, eNOS overexpression with hypercholesterolemia may promote atherogenesis via increased superoxide generation from dysfunctional eNOS. Superoxides 99-109 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 13-17 15001455-6 2004 In contrast, eNOS overexpression with hypercholesterolemia may promote atherogenesis via increased superoxide generation from dysfunctional eNOS. Superoxides 99-109 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 140-144 15078863-2 2004 p22phox-based NAD(P)H oxidases exist in the vessel wall, acting as important superoxide-generating systems in the vasculature. Superoxides 77-87 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 0-7 15078863-4 2004 Because vascular p22phox is identical to neutrophil p22phox, we studied the association between the C242T, A640G, and -930A/G CYBA polymorphisms and the quantity of superoxide produced from neutrophils isolated from healthy adults to determine if these polymorphisms had any functional impact on NADPH oxidase function. Superoxides 165-175 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 126-130 15185295-9 2004 Administration of N-acetyl L-cysteine or a chimeric superoxide dismutase (SOD)-SOD2/3, a genetically engineered SOD-abrogated ALT release in H/R-perfused PP zones, implicating a role for superoxide (O(2) (-)). Superoxides 52-62 glutamic pyruvic transaminase, soluble Mus musculus 126-129 15166482-1 2004 Platelet-activating factor (PAF) induces various cellular functions in eosinophils including chemotaxis, adhesion, superoxide anion (O2-) production, and degranulation. Superoxides 115-131 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 0-26 15166482-1 2004 Platelet-activating factor (PAF) induces various cellular functions in eosinophils including chemotaxis, adhesion, superoxide anion (O2-) production, and degranulation. Superoxides 115-131 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 28-31 15166482-1 2004 Platelet-activating factor (PAF) induces various cellular functions in eosinophils including chemotaxis, adhesion, superoxide anion (O2-) production, and degranulation. Superoxides 133-136 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 0-26 15166482-1 2004 Platelet-activating factor (PAF) induces various cellular functions in eosinophils including chemotaxis, adhesion, superoxide anion (O2-) production, and degranulation. Superoxides 133-136 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 28-31 15037533-2 2004 We hypothesized that the endothelial gp91phox-containing NADPH oxidase is predominant in generating the O2- to scavenge endothelial NO and thus is responsible for the development of endothelial dysfunction. Superoxides 104-106 paired Ig-like receptor B Mus musculus 37-41 15037533-10 2004 CONCLUSIONS: These data indicate that the formation of O2- by the endothelial gp91phox-containing NADPH oxidase accounts for the reduced NO bioavailability in the 2K1C model and contributes to the development of renovascular hypertension and endothelial dysfunction. Superoxides 55-57 paired Ig-like receptor B Mus musculus 78-82 14973143-11 2004 We conclude that the TNF-alpha/TNFR1 system impairs HERG/I(Kr) function mainly by stimulating reactive oxygen species, particularly superoxide anion, but not by altering HERG expression; the effect may contribute to APD prolongation by TNF-alpha and may be a novel mechanism for electrophysiological abnormalities and sudden death in CHF. Superoxides 132-148 tumor necrosis factor Canis lupus familiaris 21-30 14672918-10 2004 Stress-related signaling pathways in epithelial cells are modulated by hypoxia and confer protection from reoxygenation, since hypoxia and chemical inhibition of p38mapk and MEK1/2 similarly increase cytolysis resulting from O2-. Superoxides 225-227 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 Homo sapiens 174-180 15024088-7 2004 With HBP1 expression and the subsequent reduction in p47phox gene expression, intracellular superoxide production was correspondingly reduced. Superoxides 92-102 HMG-box transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 5-9 15024088-8 2004 Using both the wild type and a dominant-negative mutant of HBP1, we demonstrated that the repression of superoxide production through the NADPH oxidase contributed to the observed cell cycle inhibition by HBP1. Superoxides 104-114 HMG-box transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 59-63 15024088-8 2004 Using both the wild type and a dominant-negative mutant of HBP1, we demonstrated that the repression of superoxide production through the NADPH oxidase contributed to the observed cell cycle inhibition by HBP1. Superoxides 104-114 HMG-box transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 205-209 15024088-9 2004 Together, these results indicate that HBP1 may contribute to the regulation of NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production through transcriptional repression of the p47phox gene. Superoxides 103-113 HMG-box transcription factor 1 Homo sapiens 38-42 14978183-7 2004 In patient-derived neutrophils, the high-affinity Fcgamma receptor FcgammaRI was also demonstrated to be involved in ANCA-induced superoxide production. Superoxides 130-140 Fc gamma receptor Ia Homo sapiens 67-76 15052604-5 2004 Rat C6 glioma cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide Escherichia coli 0111:B4 and interferon gamma (LPS/IFN-g) produced high levels of nitric oxide (241 nmol mg(-1) protein 24 h(-1)) but not superoxide (O(-) (2)) or hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). Superoxides 193-203 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 106-111 14757147-0 2004 Angiotensin II stimulates superoxide production via both angiotensin AT1A and AT1B receptors in mouse aorta and heart. Superoxides 26-36 angiotensin II receptor, type 1b Mus musculus 78-82 14757147-1 2004 The present study was conducted to determine the roles of angiotensin AT(1A) and AT(1B) receptors in angiotensin II-induced superoxide anion production in mouse aorta and heart. Superoxides 124-140 angiotensin II receptor, type 1b Mus musculus 81-86 14757147-9 2004 These results indicate that angiotensin II stimulates superoxide anion production via both angiotensin AT(1A) and AT(1B) receptors, and that angiotensin AT(1A) receptors appear to play a predominant role in angiotensin II-induced superoxide anion production in mouse aorta and heart. Superoxides 54-70 angiotensin II receptor, type 1b Mus musculus 114-119 12807699-6 2004 p22phox antisense oligonucleotide prevented the TNF-induced effect on p22phox, p47phox, O2-*, and permeability. Superoxides 88-90 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 12807699-6 2004 p22phox antisense oligonucleotide prevented the TNF-induced effect on p22phox, p47phox, O2-*, and permeability. Superoxides 88-90 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 0-7 14555723-3 2003 In the present study, a null mutation of gp91phox in neutrophils prevented superoxide production in cytotoxicity assays in which muscle cells were targets, and prevented most neutrophil-mediated cytolysis of muscle cells in comparison to wild-type neutrophils in vitro. Superoxides 75-85 paired Ig-like receptor B Mus musculus 41-45 12877653-3 2003 The NAD(P)H oxidase system generates superoxide anions in vascular cells; however, the role of the C242T polymorphism of the NAD(P)H oxidase p22 phox gene in ischaemic heart disease is unclear due to contradictory results from case-control studies. Superoxides 37-54 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 141-149 14638734-9 2003 Inhibition of superoxides inhibits glucose-induced release of cytochrome c and Bax and inhibits apoptosis in both endothelial cells and pericytes. Superoxides 14-25 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 79-82 12904598-8 2003 Superoxide production in response to multivalent C1q by neonatal neutrophils was also comparable to adult cells. Superoxides 0-10 complement C1q A chain Homo sapiens 49-52 14519512-2 2003 Peroxynitrite, resulting from the combination of nitric oxide and superoxide anions, triggers DNA strand breaks, leading to the activation of poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1. Superoxides 66-83 poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 Rattus norvegicus 142-170 14551246-5 2003 Left ventricular (LV) ASK1 was activated by Ang II infusion in wild-type mice, which was mediated by angiotensin II type 1 receptor and superoxide. Superoxides 136-146 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 Mus musculus 22-26 14550916-5 2003 Even though the exact functions of c-myb in the normal and pathological states were not clearly revealed until now, we think that the increase in c-myb expression in the mutant mice could be due to the compensate mechanism of the astrocytes for the reduced defence against superoxide toxicity because the only known function of c-myb was its correlation with the prevention of programmed cell death, which could be deduced from the previous studies. Superoxides 273-283 myeloblastosis oncogene Mus musculus 146-151 14550916-5 2003 Even though the exact functions of c-myb in the normal and pathological states were not clearly revealed until now, we think that the increase in c-myb expression in the mutant mice could be due to the compensate mechanism of the astrocytes for the reduced defence against superoxide toxicity because the only known function of c-myb was its correlation with the prevention of programmed cell death, which could be deduced from the previous studies. Superoxides 273-283 myeloblastosis oncogene Mus musculus 146-151 14521919-2 2003 The present study was carried out to find out the concomitant production of superoxide and to investigate a suitable inhibitor of NO, which is produced by iNOS. Superoxides 76-86 inositol-3-phosphate synthase 1 Homo sapiens 155-159 14521919-6 2003 The expressions of p67 and p47(phox) were reduced by the addition of apocynin, aminoguanidine or ONO 1714 whereas xanthine oxidase and cyclooxygenase did not have a major role in superoxide production. Superoxides 179-189 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 27-30 14521919-7 2003 The results of the present study show that iNOS and NADPH oxidase play an important role in superoxide release. Superoxides 92-102 inositol-3-phosphate synthase 1 Homo sapiens 43-47 14530369-4 2003 We found that superoxide production elicited by FMLP in Vav1(-/-) murine neutrophils isolated from either bone marrow or from peritoneal exudates was substantially reduced compared with that of wild type. Superoxides 14-24 vav 1 oncogene Mus musculus 56-60 12933702-2 2003 The relevance of extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) for the detoxification of vascular O2.- is unknown. Superoxides 95-97 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 17-51 12933702-2 2003 The relevance of extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) for the detoxification of vascular O2.- is unknown. Superoxides 95-97 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 53-58 12933702-9 2003 Vascular O2.-, as measured by lucigenin chemiluminescence, was higher in ecSOD-/- compared with ecSOD+/+ mice and was increased by clipping. Superoxides 9-11 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 73-78 12933702-9 2003 Vascular O2.-, as measured by lucigenin chemiluminescence, was higher in ecSOD-/- compared with ecSOD+/+ mice and was increased by clipping. Superoxides 9-11 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 96-101 12933702-12 2003 These data reveal that endogenous ecSOD is a major antagonistic principle to vascular O2.-, controlling blood pressure and vascular function in angiotensin II-dependent models of hypertension. Superoxides 86-88 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 34-39 14505347-4 2003 Taken together, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) rather than superoxide anion (O(2) (*-)) acts as a second messenger of metabolic oxidative stress to activate the ASK1-MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) kinase (MEK)-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signal transduction pathway. Superoxides 39-43 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 Homo sapiens 159-163 12842893-1 2003 Anti-Hsp90 ribozyme reveals a complex mechanism of Hsp90 inhibitors involving both superoxide- and Hsp90-dependent events. Superoxides 83-93 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 5-10 12842893-1 2003 Anti-Hsp90 ribozyme reveals a complex mechanism of Hsp90 inhibitors involving both superoxide- and Hsp90-dependent events. Superoxides 83-93 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 51-56 12842893-1 2003 Anti-Hsp90 ribozyme reveals a complex mechanism of Hsp90 inhibitors involving both superoxide- and Hsp90-dependent events. Superoxides 83-93 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1 Homo sapiens 51-56 14500388-0 2003 Dicumarol inhibition of NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase induces growth inhibition of pancreatic cancer via a superoxide-mediated mechanism. Superoxides 106-116 crystallin zeta Homo sapiens 30-52 14522051-5 2003 The neoglycoproteins were tested for their ability to interact with human FcgammaRI by inhibiting superoxide production by gamma-interferon-stimulated U937 cells. Superoxides 98-108 Fc gamma receptor Ia Homo sapiens 74-83 12928592-11 2003 Our results demonstrate that the inhibition of scoparone on LPS-induced TF expression in HUVECs may mediate by the mechanisms suppressing superoxide anion formation and TF transcription. Superoxides 138-154 coagulation factor III, tissue factor Homo sapiens 72-74 12920210-4 2003 Although leukocyte chemotaxis mediated by activated FPRL1 has been reported, the role of FPRL1 in superoxide generation remains to be studied. Superoxides 98-108 formyl peptide receptor 2 Homo sapiens 89-94 12920210-8 2003 To understand this difference on superoxide generation via the same receptor, FPRL1, we compared the signaling pathways downstream of FPRL1 by the two different ligands. Superoxides 33-43 formyl peptide receptor 2 Homo sapiens 78-83 12676772-8 2003 These complexes likely function to stabilize sGC as well as to provide directed intracellular transfer of NO from NOS to sGC, thus preventing inactivation of NO by superoxide anion and formation of peroxynitrite, which is a toxic molecule that has been implicated in the pathology of several vascular diseases. Superoxides 164-180 guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 2 Rattus norvegicus 45-48 12676772-8 2003 These complexes likely function to stabilize sGC as well as to provide directed intracellular transfer of NO from NOS to sGC, thus preventing inactivation of NO by superoxide anion and formation of peroxynitrite, which is a toxic molecule that has been implicated in the pathology of several vascular diseases. Superoxides 164-180 guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 2 Rattus norvegicus 121-124 12850576-0 2003 Differential role of PTK, ERK and p38 MAPK in superoxide impairment of NMDA cerebrovasodilation. Superoxides 46-56 protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta Homo sapiens 21-24 12716910-1 2003 The catalytic core of a superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase (Nox) in phagocytes is gp91phox/Nox2, a membrane-integrated protein that forms a heterodimer with p22phox to constitute flavocytochrome b558. Superoxides 24-34 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 157-160 12793995-0 2003 Differential role of PTK and ERK MAPK in superoxide impairment of K(ATP) and K(Ca) channel cerebrovasodilation. Superoxides 41-51 protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta Homo sapiens 21-24 12793995-5 2003 These data show that PTK and ERK MAPK activation contribute to O2 --induced KATP and KCa channel PAD impairment and suggest a differential greater role for PTK and ERK MAPK in KATP vs. KCa channel PAD impairment. Superoxides 63-65 protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta Homo sapiens 21-24 12793995-5 2003 These data show that PTK and ERK MAPK activation contribute to O2 --induced KATP and KCa channel PAD impairment and suggest a differential greater role for PTK and ERK MAPK in KATP vs. KCa channel PAD impairment. Superoxides 63-65 protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta Homo sapiens 156-159 12650641-5 2003 Supplementing neutrophil membranes with phosphoinositides or other negatively charged phospholipids markedly enhanced cell-free superoxide generation by these p47-phox mutants in the absence of arachidonic acid, to levels equivalent to those generated by wild-type p47-phox following arachidonic acid activation. Superoxides 128-138 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 159-162 12650641-5 2003 Supplementing neutrophil membranes with phosphoinositides or other negatively charged phospholipids markedly enhanced cell-free superoxide generation by these p47-phox mutants in the absence of arachidonic acid, to levels equivalent to those generated by wild-type p47-phox following arachidonic acid activation. Superoxides 128-138 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 265-268 12840634-6 2003 Superoxide was elevated POST (Max) and 2 h post (Max and LT+). Superoxides 0-10 solute carrier family 35 member G1 Homo sapiens 24-28 12840634-6 2003 Superoxide was elevated POST (Max) and 2 h post (Max and LT+). Superoxides 0-10 solute carrier family 35 member G1 Homo sapiens 43-47 12771544-8 2003 In contrast, PAF-induced superoxide generation was inhibited by treatment with BisI, myr-psiPKC and rottlerin. Superoxides 25-35 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 13-16 12771544-9 2003 CONCLUSIONS: PKCalpha, beta and delta are not involved in PAF-induced CD11b expression, but PKCdelta is involved in the PAF-induced activation of superoxide anion generation. Superoxides 146-162 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 120-123 12718913-5 2003 Antisense magnetofection against p22(phox) significantly decreased basal and prevented stimulated superoxide release due to loss of NAD(P)H-oxidase activity by mRNA knockout as assessed after 24 h. Knockout of endothelial phosphatase SHP-1 and connexin 37 proteins confirmed the method"s efficiency. Superoxides 98-108 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 33-36 12654483-5 2003 The 13-HPODE-induced increase in O2*- was blocked by transfecting the cells with antisense oligonucleotides against p22phox, suggesting that the O2*- was produced by NAD(P)H oxidase. Superoxides 33-35 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 116-123 12654483-7 2003 Treatment with superoxide dismutase or Tiron to scavenge O2*-, or transfection with p22phox antisense oligonucleotides to inhibit O2*- production, attenuated 13-HPODE-induced cytotoxicity, but not that induced by 4-HNE. Superoxides 130-134 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 84-91 12731668-0 2003 Serine protease inhibitors inhibit superoxide release and adherence in human neutrophils stimulated by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Superoxides 35-45 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 103-151 12731668-1 2003 Stimulation of human neutrophils with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) results in increased superoxide (O2-) release and adherence. Superoxides 154-164 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 38-86 12731668-1 2003 Stimulation of human neutrophils with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) results in increased superoxide (O2-) release and adherence. Superoxides 154-164 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 88-94 12731668-1 2003 Stimulation of human neutrophils with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) results in increased superoxide (O2-) release and adherence. Superoxides 166-168 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 38-86 12731668-1 2003 Stimulation of human neutrophils with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) results in increased superoxide (O2-) release and adherence. Superoxides 166-168 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 88-94 12641745-14 2003 We conclude that overlapping and sequential signaling pathways are involved in the apoptosis of adult brain neurons and that DNA damage generated by superoxide derivatives is an upstream mechanism for p53-regulated, Bax-dependent apoptosis of target-deprived neurons. Superoxides 149-159 Wistar clone pR53P1 p53 pseudogene Rattus norvegicus 201-204 12641745-14 2003 We conclude that overlapping and sequential signaling pathways are involved in the apoptosis of adult brain neurons and that DNA damage generated by superoxide derivatives is an upstream mechanism for p53-regulated, Bax-dependent apoptosis of target-deprived neurons. Superoxides 149-159 BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator Rattus norvegicus 216-219 12654610-1 2003 BACKGROUND: Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) impairs endothelial cell function by uncoupling endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, which allows superoxide anion (O2*-)) to be generated rather than nitric oxide (*NO). Superoxides 154-170 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 90-123 12654610-1 2003 BACKGROUND: Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) impairs endothelial cell function by uncoupling endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, which allows superoxide anion (O2*-)) to be generated rather than nitric oxide (*NO). Superoxides 154-170 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 125-129 12654610-1 2003 BACKGROUND: Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) impairs endothelial cell function by uncoupling endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, which allows superoxide anion (O2*-)) to be generated rather than nitric oxide (*NO). Superoxides 172-175 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 90-123 12654610-1 2003 BACKGROUND: Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) impairs endothelial cell function by uncoupling endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity, which allows superoxide anion (O2*-)) to be generated rather than nitric oxide (*NO). Superoxides 172-175 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 125-129 12621153-5 2003 Furthermore, in BNP-Tg mice, inflammatory cell infiltration in ischemic tissue and vascular superoxide production were suppressed compared with control mice. Superoxides 92-102 natriuretic peptide type B Mus musculus 16-19 12473664-3 2003 Here we show that NOX1 generates superoxide when co-expressed with the p47(phox) and p67(phox) subunits of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase but not when expressed by itself. Superoxides 33-43 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 71-80 12473664-3 2003 Here we show that NOX1 generates superoxide when co-expressed with the p47(phox) and p67(phox) subunits of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase but not when expressed by itself. Superoxides 33-43 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 75-79 12473664-9 2003 In conclusion, NOX1 is a superoxide-generating enzyme that is activated by two novel proteins, which we propose to name NOXO1 (NOX organizer 1) and NOXA1 (NOX activator 1). Superoxides 25-35 NADPH oxidase organizer 1 Homo sapiens 120-125 12473664-9 2003 In conclusion, NOX1 is a superoxide-generating enzyme that is activated by two novel proteins, which we propose to name NOXO1 (NOX organizer 1) and NOXA1 (NOX activator 1). Superoxides 25-35 NADPH oxidase organizer 1 Homo sapiens 127-142 12479852-4 2003 Prolonged exposure to 8Br-cAMP increased the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (TPA)-stimulated superoxide generation and CD14 expression that characterize the differentiation phenotype, which was blocked by MEK-1 inhibitor. Superoxides 94-104 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 Homo sapiens 206-211 12482825-7 2002 Dihydroethidium fluorescence, a marker of superoxide, was elevated in Gpx1-/- mice fed the high-methionine diet (P<0.05 versus Gpx1+/+ mice fed the control diet). Superoxides 42-52 glutathione peroxidase 1 Mus musculus 70-74 12482831-6 2002 Macrophages and macrophage-derived foam cells expressed the 4 phox subunits that constitute superoxide-producing cytochrome b558-dependent NAD(P)H oxidase. Superoxides 92-102 inhibitor of growth family member 1 Homo sapiens 62-66 12384455-1 2002 The present study tested the hypothesis that ceramide, a sphingomylinase metabolite, serves as an second messenger for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) to stimulate superoxide production, thereby decreasing endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in coronary arteries. Superoxides 172-182 tumor necrosis factor Bos taurus 119-146 12384455-1 2002 The present study tested the hypothesis that ceramide, a sphingomylinase metabolite, serves as an second messenger for tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) to stimulate superoxide production, thereby decreasing endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in coronary arteries. Superoxides 172-182 tumor necrosis factor Bos taurus 148-157 12384455-7 2002 We conclude that TNF-alpha inhibits NO-mediated endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in small coronary arteries via sphingomyelinase activation and consequent superoxide production in endothelial cells. Superoxides 159-169 tumor necrosis factor Bos taurus 17-26 12421370-7 2002 Low doses of Abeta significantly increased the production of superoxide anions, but not of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1beta or nitric oxide. Superoxides 61-78 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 13-18 12421370-10 2002 The role of NADPH oxidase-generated superoxide in mediating Abeta-induced neurotoxicity was further substantiated by a study which showed that Abeta caused less of a decrease in dopamine uptake in mesencephalic neuron-glia cultures from NADPH oxidase-deficient mutant mice than in that from wild-type controls. Superoxides 36-46 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 60-65 12421370-10 2002 The role of NADPH oxidase-generated superoxide in mediating Abeta-induced neurotoxicity was further substantiated by a study which showed that Abeta caused less of a decrease in dopamine uptake in mesencephalic neuron-glia cultures from NADPH oxidase-deficient mutant mice than in that from wild-type controls. Superoxides 36-46 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 143-148 12215380-4 2002 In order to evaluate the Syk kinase inhibitors in a human cell system, we have developed an assay with human monocytic cell line, U937, to monitor FcgammaRI-mediated superoxide production. Superoxides 166-176 Fc gamma receptor Ia Homo sapiens 147-156 12215380-6 2002 Engagement of FcgammaRI stimulated superoxide production, which was accompanied with Syk phosphorylation. Superoxides 35-45 Fc gamma receptor Ia Homo sapiens 14-23 12215380-8 2002 Moreover, the treatment of cells with antisense oligonucleotide against syk attenuated Syk protein expression and suppressed superoxide production induced by FcgammaRI-engagement, but not by PMA. Superoxides 125-135 Fc gamma receptor Ia Homo sapiens 158-167 12145295-6 2002 Lentivirus-induced overexpression of A53T mutant alpha-synuclein in differentiated MESC2.10 cells resulted in down-regulation of the vesicular dopamine transporter (VMAT2), decreased potassium-induced and increased amphetamine-induced dopamine release, enhanced cytoplasmic dopamine immunofluorescence, and increased intracellular levels of superoxide. Superoxides 341-351 synuclein alpha Homo sapiens 49-64 12225956-2 2002 In addition to regulating intracellular pH and cell volume, AE2 exports superoxide (O.) Superoxides 72-82 solute carrier family 4 member 2 Homo sapiens 60-63 12352324-0 2002 Statins, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, are able to reduce superoxide anion production by NADPH oxidase in THP-1-derived monocytes. Superoxides 88-104 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase Homo sapiens 9-56 12352324-2 2002 This study looked for the effect of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitors on NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide anion production in THP-1 cells, a monocyte-derived cell line, and on the translocation of p21 Rac 2 and p67. Superoxides 132-148 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase Homo sapiens 36-93 12392993-11 2002 Cardiac and aortic superoxide production and cardiac expression of p67(phox) and gp91(phox) were significantly greater in MF1 mice compared with the other strains. Superoxides 19-29 forkhead box C1 Mus musculus 122-125 12169574-1 2002 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), which scavenges extracellular superoxide (O. Superoxides 14-24 extracellular superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Oryctolagus cuniculus 36-42 12176910-7 2002 In addition to increasing receptor expression, GM-CSF treatment enhanced the interleukin 8 (IL-8) secretion and superoxide priming responses of neutrophils to stimulation with TLR2 ligands, including zymosan, peptidoglycan, and lipoarabinomannan. Superoxides 112-122 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 47-53 12440767-6 2002 A defect in any of the genes encoding gp91phox, p22phox, p67phox or p47phox results in chronic granulomatous disease, a genetic disorder characterized by severe and recurrent infections, illustrating the role of O2- and the derived metabolites H2O2 and HOCl in host defense against invading microorganisms. Superoxides 212-214 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 48-55 12097406-11 2002 GM-CSF also enhanced superoxide production and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin release stimulated by the lower concentrations of immobilized lactoferrin. Superoxides 21-31 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-6 12114322-6 2002 Superoxide production in DETCA-treated collared arteries was enhanced further by NADPH and was inhibited by diphenyleneiodonium, suggesting NADPH oxidase was the source of the radical in collared arteries. Superoxides 0-10 NADPH oxidase 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 140-153 12225397-1 2002 All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) combined with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) synergistically increases superoxide-generating activity in human myeloblastic leukemia ML-1 cells. Superoxides 129-139 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 45-93 12225397-1 2002 All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) combined with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) synergistically increases superoxide-generating activity in human myeloblastic leukemia ML-1 cells. Superoxides 129-139 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 95-101 12225397-9 2002 We speculate that the remarkable induction of gp91phox and p47phox protein is associated with an increase in superoxide-generating activity due to the synergistic effect of ATRA plus GM-CSF. Superoxides 109-119 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 59-62 12225397-9 2002 We speculate that the remarkable induction of gp91phox and p47phox protein is associated with an increase in superoxide-generating activity due to the synergistic effect of ATRA plus GM-CSF. Superoxides 109-119 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 183-189 12031896-3 2002 We determined the role of the p47phox subunit of the oxidase in O(2)(-) generation and signaling in aortic rings and cultured smooth muscle cells (SMC) from wild-type (WT) and p47phox-deficient (p47phox -/-) mice. Superoxides 64-68 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 30-37 12031896-4 2002 Basal O(2)(-) levels in aortae of p47phox -/- mice were lower than those in WT aortae. Superoxides 6-10 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 34-41 11978825-2 2002 We show that neuron death in cocultures of rat cortical microglia and neurons activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Abeta1-42 plus interferon gamma (IFNgamma) is caused by short-lived diffusible molecules and follows the generation of superoxide and/or peroxynitrite as determined by electron paramagnetic spectroscopy. Superoxides 238-248 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 134-161 11937561-3 2002 In this work we study galectin-1 in its interaction with human neutrophils, with regard to both cell surface binding and activation of the superoxide-producing NADPH-oxidase. Superoxides 139-149 galectin 1 Homo sapiens 22-32 11943718-4 2002 Superoxide levels in the affected muscles were reduced by approximately 50% in eNOS-Tg compared with WT during reperfusion. Superoxides 0-10 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 79-83 11784711-0 2002 Superoxide mediates shock wave induction of ERK-dependent osteogenic transcription factor (CBFA1) and mesenchymal cell differentiation toward osteoprogenitors. Superoxides 0-10 EPH receptor B2 Homo sapiens 44-47 11784711-8 2002 Further studies demonstrated that ESW induced ERK activation, and blockage of O(2)(-) production or inhibition of tyrosine kinase, but not protein kinase A and C inhibitors, suppressed ESW-induced ERK activation. Superoxides 78-82 EPH receptor B2 Homo sapiens 197-200 11784711-9 2002 In support that O(2)(-) mediated the ESW-induced ERK activation and osteogenic differentiation, we further demonstrated that scavenging of O(2)(-) by superoxide dismutase and inhibition of ERK activation by PD98059 decreased specific osteogenic transcription factor, core binding factor A1 activation, and decreased osteocalcin expression. Superoxides 16-20 EPH receptor B2 Homo sapiens 49-52 11784711-9 2002 In support that O(2)(-) mediated the ESW-induced ERK activation and osteogenic differentiation, we further demonstrated that scavenging of O(2)(-) by superoxide dismutase and inhibition of ERK activation by PD98059 decreased specific osteogenic transcription factor, core binding factor A1 activation, and decreased osteocalcin expression. Superoxides 16-20 EPH receptor B2 Homo sapiens 189-192 11773068-10 2002 The potential significance of the AP-1 binding is suggested by the finding that the response of HO-1, in COS cells stably transfected with antisense hBVR, with 66% reduced BVR activity, to superoxide anion (O(2)()) formed by menadione is attenuated, whereas induction by heme is not affected. Superoxides 189-205 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 96-100 11773068-10 2002 The potential significance of the AP-1 binding is suggested by the finding that the response of HO-1, in COS cells stably transfected with antisense hBVR, with 66% reduced BVR activity, to superoxide anion (O(2)()) formed by menadione is attenuated, whereas induction by heme is not affected. Superoxides 207-211 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 96-100 11781308-8 2002 Wild type Galpha(i2) but not Cys(287)- or Cys(326)-substituted mutants are activated by UV light, singlet oxygen, superoxide anion, and nitric oxide, indicating that these oxidative stresses activate Galpha(i2) by the mechanism similar to *OH-induced activation. Superoxides 114-130 succinate-CoA ligase GDP/ADP-forming subunit alpha Homo sapiens 10-19 11733522-1 2002 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes consists of a membranal heterodimeric flavocytochrome (cytochrome b(559)), composed of gp91(phox) and p22(phox) subunits, and four cytosolic proteins, p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (1 or 2). Superoxides 4-14 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 154-158 11733522-1 2002 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes consists of a membranal heterodimeric flavocytochrome (cytochrome b(559)), composed of gp91(phox) and p22(phox) subunits, and four cytosolic proteins, p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (1 or 2). Superoxides 4-14 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 164-167 11733522-1 2002 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes consists of a membranal heterodimeric flavocytochrome (cytochrome b(559)), composed of gp91(phox) and p22(phox) subunits, and four cytosolic proteins, p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (1 or 2). Superoxides 4-14 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 168-172 11733522-1 2002 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes consists of a membranal heterodimeric flavocytochrome (cytochrome b(559)), composed of gp91(phox) and p22(phox) subunits, and four cytosolic proteins, p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (1 or 2). Superoxides 4-14 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 213-216 11733522-1 2002 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes consists of a membranal heterodimeric flavocytochrome (cytochrome b(559)), composed of gp91(phox) and p22(phox) subunits, and four cytosolic proteins, p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (1 or 2). Superoxides 4-14 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 168-172 11733522-1 2002 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes consists of a membranal heterodimeric flavocytochrome (cytochrome b(559)), composed of gp91(phox) and p22(phox) subunits, and four cytosolic proteins, p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (1 or 2). Superoxides 4-14 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 168-172 11733522-1 2002 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes consists of a membranal heterodimeric flavocytochrome (cytochrome b(559)), composed of gp91(phox) and p22(phox) subunits, and four cytosolic proteins, p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (1 or 2). Superoxides 4-14 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 168-172 12014661-7 2002 The direction of generation of apoptosis inducing ROS and RNS to the site of superoxide anion production has relevance for the selectivity of ROS and RNS-based natural antitumor systems, as extracellular superoxide anion generation represents a hallmark of the transformed state. Superoxides 77-93 FAM20C golgi associated secretory pathway kinase Homo sapiens 58-61 12014661-7 2002 The direction of generation of apoptosis inducing ROS and RNS to the site of superoxide anion production has relevance for the selectivity of ROS and RNS-based natural antitumor systems, as extracellular superoxide anion generation represents a hallmark of the transformed state. Superoxides 77-93 FAM20C golgi associated secretory pathway kinase Homo sapiens 150-153 12014661-7 2002 The direction of generation of apoptosis inducing ROS and RNS to the site of superoxide anion production has relevance for the selectivity of ROS and RNS-based natural antitumor systems, as extracellular superoxide anion generation represents a hallmark of the transformed state. Superoxides 204-220 FAM20C golgi associated secretory pathway kinase Homo sapiens 58-61 12014661-7 2002 The direction of generation of apoptosis inducing ROS and RNS to the site of superoxide anion production has relevance for the selectivity of ROS and RNS-based natural antitumor systems, as extracellular superoxide anion generation represents a hallmark of the transformed state. Superoxides 204-220 FAM20C golgi associated secretory pathway kinase Homo sapiens 150-153 11890736-1 2002 In some neurological disorders, excessive nitric oxide (NO, nitrogen monoxide) produced by inducible and/or neuronal nitric oxide synthases (iNOS and nNOS) is able to combine with superoxide (O(minus sign)(2)) to form peroxynitrite (ONOO(minus sign)), which can then induce p53-dependent neural apoptosis. Superoxides 180-190 transformation related protein 53, pseudogene Mus musculus 274-277 11915330-0 2002 [Association of Fc gamma receptor with low-density detergent-resistant membranes is important for crosslinking-dependent initiation of the tyrosine phosphorylation pathway and superoxide generation]. Superoxides 176-186 Fc gamma receptor Ia Homo sapiens 16-33 11942325-0 2002 The role of superoxide anion in the regulation of epidermal growth factor or the expression and proliferation of its receptor in prostate cancer cell line PC3. Superoxides 12-28 epidermal growth factor Homo sapiens 50-73 11942325-0 2002 The role of superoxide anion in the regulation of epidermal growth factor or the expression and proliferation of its receptor in prostate cancer cell line PC3. Superoxides 12-28 chromobox 8 Homo sapiens 155-158 11942325-1 2002 The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of superoxide anion(O2-) in the regulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and proliferation in the prostate cancer cell line PC3. Superoxides 57-73 epidermal growth factor Homo sapiens 100-123 11942325-1 2002 The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of superoxide anion(O2-) in the regulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and proliferation in the prostate cancer cell line PC3. Superoxides 57-73 epidermal growth factor Homo sapiens 125-128 11942325-1 2002 The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of superoxide anion(O2-) in the regulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and proliferation in the prostate cancer cell line PC3. Superoxides 57-73 chromobox 8 Homo sapiens 235-238 11942325-1 2002 The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of superoxide anion(O2-) in the regulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and proliferation in the prostate cancer cell line PC3. Superoxides 74-77 epidermal growth factor Homo sapiens 100-123 11942325-1 2002 The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of superoxide anion(O2-) in the regulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and proliferation in the prostate cancer cell line PC3. Superoxides 74-77 epidermal growth factor Homo sapiens 125-128 11942325-1 2002 The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of superoxide anion(O2-) in the regulation of epidermal growth factor (EGF) or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression and proliferation in the prostate cancer cell line PC3. Superoxides 74-77 chromobox 8 Homo sapiens 235-238 11942325-4 2002 EGF or EGFR mRNA expression in the cells treated with O2- was examined by in situ hybridisation. Superoxides 54-56 epidermal growth factor Homo sapiens 0-3 11942325-8 2002 O2- at the concentration of 18 micromol/l NADH and 4 micromol/l PMS can downregulate EGF and EGF mRNA expression. Superoxides 0-2 epidermal growth factor Homo sapiens 85-88 11942325-8 2002 O2- at the concentration of 18 micromol/l NADH and 4 micromol/l PMS can downregulate EGF and EGF mRNA expression. Superoxides 0-2 epidermal growth factor Homo sapiens 93-96 11788419-2 2002 Recent evidence, mainly from the aorta, suggests that NAD(P)H oxidase is a major source of vascular superoxide. Superoxides 100-110 NADPH oxidase 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 54-69 11788419-10 2002 These increases in superoxide were markedly reduced in the presence of polyethylene glycol-superoxide dismutase (300 U/ml) or diphenylene iodonium [0.1 mM, an inhibitor of flavin-containing enzymes, including NAD(P)H oxidase] but were not affected by indomethacin, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine, or allopurinol. Superoxides 19-29 NADPH oxidase 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 209-224 11788419-11 2002 These data suggest that NADH- and NADPH-induced changes in cerebral vascular tone are mediated by superoxide, produced by a flavin-containing enzyme, most likely NAD(P)H oxidase, but not xanthine oxidase or nitric oxide synthase. Superoxides 98-108 NADPH oxidase 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 162-177 11936750-4 2002 The superoxide scavenging capacity of PNS/TPL-that is, the inhibition of the reduction of cytochrome c in the presence of xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/XO)-was evaluated in vitro. Superoxides 4-14 BPI fold containing family A, member 5 Mus musculus 42-45 12622181-5 2002 The activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were enhanced, which might be to eliminate the superoxide radical and H2O2 and accompanied by a fall in glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity. Superoxides 156-174 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 249-270 12622181-5 2002 The activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were enhanced, which might be to eliminate the superoxide radical and H2O2 and accompanied by a fall in glutathione-s-transferase (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity. Superoxides 156-174 glutathione-disulfide reductase Rattus norvegicus 272-274 11755924-1 2002 In the present study we provide evidence, both direct and circumstantial, that macrophage oxysterols induce translocation of p47phox from the cytosol to the cell"s plasma membrane, forming an active NADPH-oxidase complex which produces superoxide anion and facilitates cell-mediated oxidation of LDL. Superoxides 236-252 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 125-132 11815376-11 2002 Inhibition of superoxide production by the cells increased caspase-3-like activity, but the inhibitory action of diclofenac on caspase activity remained. Superoxides 14-24 LOC100725100 Cavia porcellus 59-73 11756504-2 2002 We have reported that overexpression of copper/zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD1) reduced superoxide production and ameliorated neuronal injury in the hippocampal CA1 subregion after global ischemia. Superoxides 52-62 carbonic anhydrase 1 Rattus norvegicus 161-164 11782666-2 2002 In unrelated studies, superoxide (O-2) contributed to impaired hypotensive cerebrovasodilation following traumatic brain injury in the rat while the opioid nociceptin/orphanin FQ (NOC/oFQ) generated O-2 via activation of protein kinase C in the piglet. Superoxides 199-202 prepronociceptin Rattus norvegicus 156-166 11782666-2 2002 In unrelated studies, superoxide (O-2) contributed to impaired hypotensive cerebrovasodilation following traumatic brain injury in the rat while the opioid nociceptin/orphanin FQ (NOC/oFQ) generated O-2 via activation of protein kinase C in the piglet. Superoxides 199-202 prepronociceptin Rattus norvegicus 167-178 11726431-1 2001 UNLABELLED: Superoxide is generated by reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase that exists in the cell membrane of neutrophils and contains p47 phox in the enzyme complex. Superoxides 12-22 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 168-171 11726431-9 2001 Our results suggest that suppression of superoxide production by a therapeutic dose of lidocaine correlates strongly with suppression of p47 phox translocation. Superoxides 40-50 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 137-140 11704649-0 2001 Macrophage stimulating protein (MSP) evokes superoxide anion production by human macrophages of different origin. Superoxides 44-60 macrophage stimulating 1 Homo sapiens 0-30 11704649-0 2001 Macrophage stimulating protein (MSP) evokes superoxide anion production by human macrophages of different origin. Superoxides 44-60 macrophage stimulating 1 Homo sapiens 32-35 11704649-6 2001 We show here that human recombinant MSP (hrMSP) evokes a dose-dependent superoxide anion production in human alveolar and peritoneal macrophages as well as in monocyte-derived macrophages, but not in circulating human monocytes. Superoxides 72-88 macrophage stimulating 1 Homo sapiens 36-39 11711515-7 2001 P22phox mRNA level increased in cells exposed to both unidirectional and oscillatory shear stress, suggesting that p22phox gene expression upregulation contributes to flow-induced increase in superoxide anion production in endothelial cells. Superoxides 192-208 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 0-7 11711515-7 2001 P22phox mRNA level increased in cells exposed to both unidirectional and oscillatory shear stress, suggesting that p22phox gene expression upregulation contributes to flow-induced increase in superoxide anion production in endothelial cells. Superoxides 192-208 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 115-122 11766994-11 2001 Moreover, KF38789 inhibited P-selectin-induced superoxide production from human polymorphonuclear cells. Superoxides 47-57 selectin P Homo sapiens 28-38 11714743-4 2001 p47phox(-/-) SMCs had diminished superoxide production and a decreased proliferative response to growth factors compared with wild-type cells, whereas the response of gp91phox(-/-) SMCs was indistinguishable from that of wild-type SMCs. Superoxides 33-43 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 0-7 11714451-4 2001 In the 25 afebrile patients, the percentage of superoxide anion production by granulocytes was significantly decreased from 86.5 +/- 7.7 (%) to 75.1 +/- 8.8 (%) at day 7 and 71.0 +/- 6.3 (%) at day 14 without administration of CSF. Superoxides 47-63 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 227-230 11520794-7 2001 Inhibition of ANCA-induced superoxide generation with pertussis toxin suggests that ANCAs activate the p101/p110gamma PI3K isoform. Superoxides 27-37 phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 5 Homo sapiens 103-107 11666094-9 2001 It has been suggested that the activation of PKC-epsilon is mediated by peroxynitrite produced by the combination of NO and the superoxide anion, the latter being generated during reperfusion which follows preconditioning ischemia. Superoxides 128-144 protein kinase C epsilon Homo sapiens 45-56 11413138-1 2001 The phagocyte NADPH-dependent oxidase generates superoxide (O(2)) by reducing molecular oxygen through flavocytochrome b(558) (flavocytochrome b), a heterodimeric oxidoreductase composed of gp91(phox) and p22(phox) subunits. Superoxides 48-58 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 205-208 11342529-0 2001 Leptin induces mitochondrial superoxide production and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 expression in aortic endothelial cells by increasing fatty acid oxidation via protein kinase A. Superoxides 29-39 leptin Homo sapiens 0-6 11435342-0 2001 Genetic demonstration of p47phox-dependent superoxide anion production in murine vascular smooth muscle cells. Superoxides 43-59 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 25-32 11435342-5 2001 VSMCs from p47phox(+/+) but not those from p47phox(-/-) mice produced superoxide after stimulation by phorbol myristate acetate. Superoxides 70-80 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 11-18 11435342-7 2001 p47phox-transduced p47phox(-/-) but not enhanced green fluorescent protein-transduced p47phox(-/-) VSMCs generated significant levels of superoxide after stimulation by angiotensin II or platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB). Superoxides 137-147 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 0-7 11435342-8 2001 Enhanced expression of recombinant p47phox in p47phox-transduced p47phox(-/-) cells correlated with superoxide production in these cells. Superoxides 100-110 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 35-42 11435342-8 2001 Enhanced expression of recombinant p47phox in p47phox-transduced p47phox(-/-) cells correlated with superoxide production in these cells. Superoxides 100-110 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 46-53 11435342-8 2001 Enhanced expression of recombinant p47phox in p47phox-transduced p47phox(-/-) cells correlated with superoxide production in these cells. Superoxides 100-110 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 46-53 11435342-9 2001 CONCLUSIONS: These data provide direct functional proof that an oxidase requiring the p47phox component mediates superoxide release from VSMCs in the blood vessel wall in response to angiotensin II or PDGF-BB. Superoxides 113-123 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 86-93 11495009-2 2001 NRC triggered superoxide generation from neutrophils in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 14-24 nuclear receptor coactivator 6 Homo sapiens 0-3 11495009-4 2001 Superoxide generation of neutrophils induced by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was delayed but intensified both by NRC and empty liposomes. Superoxides 0-10 nuclear receptor coactivator 6 Homo sapiens 116-119 11495009-5 2001 The intensity of superoxide generation induced by NRC was smaller than that by the empty liposomes. Superoxides 17-27 nuclear receptor coactivator 6 Homo sapiens 50-53 11495009-6 2001 As NRC contained superoxide dismutase (SOD) that was copurified with hemoglobin from red blood cells and its activity remained, SOD contained in NRC may partially eliminate superoxide. Superoxides 17-27 nuclear receptor coactivator 6 Homo sapiens 3-6 11495009-6 2001 As NRC contained superoxide dismutase (SOD) that was copurified with hemoglobin from red blood cells and its activity remained, SOD contained in NRC may partially eliminate superoxide. Superoxides 17-27 nuclear receptor coactivator 6 Homo sapiens 145-148 11423751-0 2001 Differential effects of circulating IgA isolated from patients with IgA nephropathy on superoxide and fibronectin production of mesangial cells. Superoxides 87-97 immunoglobulin heavy variable 4-38-2-like Homo sapiens 36-39 11423751-0 2001 Differential effects of circulating IgA isolated from patients with IgA nephropathy on superoxide and fibronectin production of mesangial cells. Superoxides 87-97 immunoglobulin heavy variable 4-38-2-like Homo sapiens 68-71 11348868-6 2001 Furthermore, the injury-induced superoxide production was associated with augmented NAD(P)H oxidase activity and upregulation of p47(phox) and p67(phox) in adventitial fibroblasts (immunohistochemistry). Superoxides 32-42 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 129-138 11348868-6 2001 Furthermore, the injury-induced superoxide production was associated with augmented NAD(P)H oxidase activity and upregulation of p47(phox) and p67(phox) in adventitial fibroblasts (immunohistochemistry). Superoxides 32-42 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 133-137 11331261-11 2001 CONCLUSIONS: We therefore conclude that increased expression of sGC in the setting of tolerance reflects a chronic inhibition rather than an induction of the sGC-cGK-I pathway and may be mediated at least in part by increased vascular superoxide. Superoxides 235-245 guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 2 Rattus norvegicus 64-67 11510094-4 2001 We have investigated the association between the C 242 T polymorphism of p 22 phox, a critical subunit of superoxide-generating NADH/NADPH oxidase, and susceptibility to DPB and COPD. Superoxides 106-116 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 73-82 11259126-6 2001 17beta-Estradiol does, however, decrease gp120-induced lipid peroxidation and accumulation of superoxide. Superoxides 94-104 inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 Homo sapiens 41-46 11384204-2 2001 We previously demonstrated that NK1 and NK2 receptors are present on human monocytes, SP and NKA inducing superoxide anion production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA expression. Superoxides 106-122 tachykinin receptor 1 Homo sapiens 32-35 11179319-7 2001 Consistent with these observations, generation of superoxide (O2-) and nitric oxide and the release of murine tumor necrosis factor-alpha were attenuated in response to L. donovani or rIL-10 treatment. Superoxides 50-60 interleukin 10 Rattus norvegicus 184-190 11179319-7 2001 Consistent with these observations, generation of superoxide (O2-) and nitric oxide and the release of murine tumor necrosis factor-alpha were attenuated in response to L. donovani or rIL-10 treatment. Superoxides 62-64 interleukin 10 Rattus norvegicus 184-190 11339504-1 2001 OBJECTIVE: Superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase consists of the membrane-bound cytochrome b558 (gp91phox and p22Phox) and the cytosolic components (p67phox, p47phox, p40phox and rac). Superoxides 11-21 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 108-115 11339504-1 2001 OBJECTIVE: Superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase consists of the membrane-bound cytochrome b558 (gp91phox and p22Phox) and the cytosolic components (p67phox, p47phox, p40phox and rac). Superoxides 11-21 neutrophil cytosolic factor 4 Homo sapiens 165-181 11231354-12 2001 Superoxide production in response to phorbol myristic acetate was maintained in monocytes cultured with AGE-beta(2)m, but declined with time in cells cultured with serum. Superoxides 0-10 beta-2-microglobulin Homo sapiens 108-116 11253164-3 2001 We tested the hypothesis that the modification of ODC by peroxynitrite (OONO-), a short-lived free radical formed from NO and superoxide produces a fall in ODC activity, and therefore polyamine synthesis and cell proliferation. Superoxides 126-136 ornithine decarboxylase 1 Rattus norvegicus 50-53 11253164-3 2001 We tested the hypothesis that the modification of ODC by peroxynitrite (OONO-), a short-lived free radical formed from NO and superoxide produces a fall in ODC activity, and therefore polyamine synthesis and cell proliferation. Superoxides 126-136 ornithine decarboxylase 1 Rattus norvegicus 156-159 11264889-6 2001 Analysis of the mechanism by which alpha(2) M was inactivated revealed that the process was dependent on generation of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 119-135 alpha-2-macroglobulin Homo sapiens 35-45 11264889-8 2001 Moreover, low concentrations of alpha(2) M were found to stimulate superoxide production by some unknown mechanism. Superoxides 67-77 alpha-2-macroglobulin Homo sapiens 32-42 11139401-5 2001 Full activation of caspase 9 and caspase 3 appeared to be correlated with the appearance of superoxide anions in the mitochondria, and followed the drop in NADPH. Superoxides 92-109 caspase 9 Homo sapiens 19-28 11145700-6 2001 Concomitant with the cleavage of ERK and p38 MAPK, GM-CSF- and TNF-induced superoxide release, adherence, and phosphorylation of ERK and p38 MAPK were decreased in neutrophils undergoing apoptosis. Superoxides 75-85 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 51-66 11145703-1 2001 Generation of superoxide anion by the multiprotein complex NADPH phagocyte oxidase is accompanied by extensive phosphorylation of its 47-kDa protein component, p47(phox), a major cytosolic component of this oxidase. Superoxides 14-30 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 160-163 11172467-1 2001 We examined the effects of a variety of ligands/activators of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) on the expression of the superoxide scavenger enzyme, Cu2+,Zn2+-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD), and the superoxide generating enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form) (NADPH) oxidase in primary cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human aorta endothelial cells (HAEC). Superoxides 141-151 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha Homo sapiens 110-114 11172467-1 2001 We examined the effects of a variety of ligands/activators of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) on the expression of the superoxide scavenger enzyme, Cu2+,Zn2+-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD), and the superoxide generating enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form) (NADPH) oxidase in primary cultures of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human aorta endothelial cells (HAEC). Superoxides 180-190 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha Homo sapiens 110-114 11732329-0 2001 Role of extracellular peroxidase in the superoxide production by wheat root cells. Superoxides 40-50 peroxidase-like Triticum aestivum 22-32 11732329-1 2001 Extracellular peroxidase has been shown to contribute to superoxide production in wounded wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Superoxides 57-67 peroxidase-like Triticum aestivum 14-24 11732329-9 2001 Results obtained indicate that extra-cellular peroxidase is involved in the superoxide production in wheat root cells. Superoxides 76-86 peroxidase-like Triticum aestivum 46-56 11789966-5 2001 In comparison to the normocholesterolemic state, hypercholesterolemia led to a significant increase in superoxide production (221 +/- 44%, p < 0.02); this was reduced by ex vivo treatment of the vessel segment with Ang II-antagonist (to 130 +/- 29%; p < 0.04 vs HC), or PKC-antagonist (to 86 +/- 26%; p < 0.001 vs HC), or PDTC (to 103 +/- 27%; p < 0.02 vs HC). Superoxides 103-113 angiogenin Oryctolagus cuniculus 218-221 11104691-9 2000 In conclusion, the present study has clearly demonstrated that the activation of PKC as well as superoxide production followed by activation of NF-kappaB is responsible for homocysteine-induced MCP-1 expression in VSMCs. Superoxides 96-106 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 194-199 11106438-11 2000 Thus, the L243 scFvhCH2 homo-dimer constitutes the minimal truncated form that binds the MHC Class II antigen and triggers superoxide production through FcgammaRI. Superoxides 123-133 Fc gamma receptor Ia Homo sapiens 153-162 11192322-9 2000 RESULTS: Neutrophils from patients receiving 50, 100 or 150 microg/m2 G-CSF, but not from control patients or those receiving 25 microg/m2, showed significantly increased phagocytosis and killing at 96 h. Doses of 50 or 150 microg/m2 G-CSF resulted in increased superoxide production at 96 h. No patients discontinued treatment as a consequence of side effects related to G-CSF administration. Superoxides 262-272 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 70-75 11024007-5 2000 Lastly, platelets isolated from NOS3-deficient mice released 80% less superoxide as compared with control animals (P=0.011), and incubation of NOS III-deficient platelets with 500 mM a-tocopherol only caused a modest additional decrease in platelet superoxide release (NS). Superoxides 249-259 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 143-150 11129782-1 2000 Transgenic mice overexpressing the amyloid precursor protein (APP) have a profound impairment in endothelium-dependent cerebrovascular responses that is counteracted by the superoxide scavenger superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 173-183 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 35-60 11046057-1 2000 Phosphorylation of p47 phagocyte oxidase, (p47(phox)), one of the NADPH oxidase components, is essential for the activation of this enzyme and for superoxide production. Superoxides 147-157 inhibitor of growth family member 1 Homo sapiens 19-22 11046057-1 2000 Phosphorylation of p47 phagocyte oxidase, (p47(phox)), one of the NADPH oxidase components, is essential for the activation of this enzyme and for superoxide production. Superoxides 147-157 inhibitor of growth family member 1 Homo sapiens 43-52 10931844-6 2000 The ARF6(Q67L) mutant defective in GTP hydrolysis caused increased superoxide production, whereas the ARF6(T27N) mutant defective in GTP binding caused diminished responses to fMLP. Superoxides 67-77 ADP ribosylation factor 6 Homo sapiens 4-8 11027223-3 2000 Using transgenic mice that overexpress extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), a superoxide scavenger, we found that LTP was impaired in hippocampal area CA1 despite normal LTP in area CA3. Superoxides 53-63 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 75-81 11027223-3 2000 Using transgenic mice that overexpress extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), a superoxide scavenger, we found that LTP was impaired in hippocampal area CA1 despite normal LTP in area CA3. Superoxides 53-63 carbonic anhydrase 1 Mus musculus 159-162 11023926-0 2000 Functional effect of the C242T polymorphism in the NAD(P)H oxidase p22phox gene on vascular superoxide production in atherosclerosis. Superoxides 92-102 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 67-74 11023926-2 2000 NAD(P)H oxidase is an important source of superoxide in human blood vessels, and some studies suggest a possible association between polymorphisms in the NAD(P)H oxidase CYBA gene and atherosclerosis; however, no functional data address this hypothesis. Superoxides 42-52 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 170-174 11023926-3 2000 We examined the relationships between the CYBA C242T polymorphism and direct measurements of superoxide production in human blood vessels. Superoxides 93-103 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 42-46 11023926-7 2000 CONCLUSIONS: Association of the CYBA 242T allele with reduced NAD(P)H oxidase activity in human blood vessels suggests that genetic variation in NAD(P)H oxidase components may play a significant role in modulating superoxide production in human atherosclerosis. Superoxides 214-224 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 32-36 11037884-0 2000 Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and beta2 integrins in C1q-stimulated superoxide production by human neutrophils: an example of a general regulatory mechanism governing acute inflammation. Superoxides 72-82 complement C1q A chain Homo sapiens 57-60 11037884-1 2000 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and beta2 integrins in the production of superoxide (O2-) by C1q-stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Superoxides 122-132 complement C1q A chain Homo sapiens 142-145 11037884-1 2000 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and beta2 integrins in the production of superoxide (O2-) by C1q-stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Superoxides 134-136 complement C1q A chain Homo sapiens 142-145 11037884-7 2000 Co-immobilization of ICAM-1 with C1q cooperatively triggered O2- production by PMN. Superoxides 61-63 complement C1q A chain Homo sapiens 33-36 11037884-8 2000 CONCLUSION: beta2 integrin binding to an ICAM provided an essential costimulatory signal for O2-production triggered by C1q in PMN. Superoxides 93-95 complement C1q A chain Homo sapiens 120-123 10975852-11 2000 By contrast, selectively cross-linking uPA-occupied uPAR was capable of directly inducing superoxide release as well as enhancing FMLP-stimulated superoxide release. Superoxides 90-100 plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor Homo sapiens 52-56 10975852-11 2000 By contrast, selectively cross-linking uPA-occupied uPAR was capable of directly inducing superoxide release as well as enhancing FMLP-stimulated superoxide release. Superoxides 146-156 plasminogen activator, urokinase receptor Homo sapiens 52-56 10960505-8 2000 GM-CSF and G-CSF gave comparable results in all functions studied except that GM-CSF improved superoxide release to a greater extent. Superoxides 94-104 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 78-84 10833511-6 2000 Superoxide inhibits ECE by ejecting zinc from the enzyme, and the addition of exogenous zinc restores enzymatic activity. Superoxides 0-10 endothelin converting enzyme 1 Homo sapiens 20-23 10930585-5 2000 Superoxide anions were formed during reduction of TNT by zeta-crystallin, though negligible enzyme activity or protein content for superoxide dismutase, a superoxide scavenging enzyme, was found in the lens. Superoxides 0-17 crystallin zeta Bos taurus 57-72 10841522-1 2000 The bioactivity of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) reflects its rates of production and of inactivation by superoxide (O(2)(*-)), a reactive species dismutated by extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD). Superoxides 113-123 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 205-210 10841522-1 2000 The bioactivity of endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) reflects its rates of production and of inactivation by superoxide (O(2)(*-)), a reactive species dismutated by extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD). Superoxides 125-129 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 205-210 10788501-1 2000 The superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase can be activated by arachidonic acid (AA) or by phosphorylation of p47(phox) under cell-free conditions. Superoxides 4-14 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 116-119 10788501-1 2000 The superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase can be activated by arachidonic acid (AA) or by phosphorylation of p47(phox) under cell-free conditions. Superoxides 4-14 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 120-124 10788501-7 2000 Furthermore, phosphorylated p47(phox) effectively binds to p22(phox) and activates the oxidase in the presence of AA at low concentrations (1-5 micrometer), where an unphosphorylated protein only slightly supports superoxide production. Superoxides 214-224 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 28-31 10788501-7 2000 Furthermore, phosphorylated p47(phox) effectively binds to p22(phox) and activates the oxidase in the presence of AA at low concentrations (1-5 micrometer), where an unphosphorylated protein only slightly supports superoxide production. Superoxides 214-224 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 32-36 10865844-2 2000 The NADH/NADPH oxidase system, which includes a 22 kD subunit (p22 phox), is the major source of superoxide production in vascular tissues. Superoxides 97-107 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 63-66 10779444-4 2000 G-CSF-induced neutrophils of patients with SCN are functionally defective (eg, chemotaxis, superoxide anion generation, Ca(++ )mobilization). Superoxides 91-107 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 0-5 10848817-6 2000 Cells in group B were appropriately primed by G-CSF, GM-CSF, tumour necrosis factor alpha and IL-1beta for enhanced release of O2 -. Superoxides 127-129 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 46-51 10848817-6 2000 Cells in group B were appropriately primed by G-CSF, GM-CSF, tumour necrosis factor alpha and IL-1beta for enhanced release of O2 -. Superoxides 127-129 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 53-59 10831318-7 2000 Anti-FcgammaRII Fab bound to ELISA plates induced superoxide production, while anti-FcgammaRIIIB Fab did not. Superoxides 50-60 FA complementation group B Homo sapiens 16-19 10831318-8 2000 Pretreatment of neutrophils with anti-FcgammaRII Fab reduced superoxide generated by immobilized anti-FcgammaRII antibody. Superoxides 61-71 FA complementation group B Homo sapiens 49-52 10872749-7 2000 The results of these studies suggest that although both isoforms of MT are able to scavenge free radicals, the MT-1 appears to be a superior scavenger of superoxide anions and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals. Superoxides 154-171 metallothionein 1I, pseudogene Homo sapiens 111-115 10879688-5 2000 Both CD64+ subsets (CD16+ or CD16-) exhibit high phagocytic activity accompanied by intracellular superoxide induction. Superoxides 98-108 Fc gamma receptor Ia Homo sapiens 5-9 10722888-7 2000 Proliferin expression measured in near-confluent cultures was induced up to 10-fold during the 36-hr period following di-n-butyltin dichloride exposure and was accompanied by increased accumulation of transcripts from many genes regulated by oxidative stresses, growth-inducing agents, and/or other promoting agents (asbestos, superoxide radicals ). Superoxides 327-346 prolactin family 2, subfamily c, member 2 Mus musculus 0-10 10744650-1 2000 Soluble recombinant (r) P-selectin and rP-selectin immobilized on plastic surfaces were tested for their capacity to activate neutrophils to produce superoxide anion. Superoxides 149-165 selectin P Homo sapiens 24-34 10744650-7 2000 Cap formation and superoxide anion production induced by solid-phase P-selectin or by IL-8 and soluble rP-selectin treatment were inhibited by treatment of the leukocytes with cytochalasin B. Superoxides 18-34 selectin P Homo sapiens 69-79 10938860-5 2000 The results showed that SA induced the peroxidase inhibitor-sensitive production of superoxide and H2O2 in tobacco suspension culture, but no production of hydroxy radicals was detected. Superoxides 84-94 peroxidase N1 Nicotiana tabacum 39-49 10979599-1 2000 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) controls the availability of extracellular superoxide and appears to play a role in controlling intercellular signaling. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 36-42 10662600-1 2000 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) activate neutrophils to induce degranulation and undergo superoxide production through a mechanism that involves stimulation of phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)). Superoxides 90-100 phospholipase A2 group IB Rattus norvegicus 161-179 10662600-1 2000 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) activate neutrophils to induce degranulation and undergo superoxide production through a mechanism that involves stimulation of phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)). Superoxides 90-100 phospholipase A2 group IB Rattus norvegicus 181-187 10666117-2 2000 Here we show that IL-1beta and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulate superoxide production by pulmonary vascular SMC and that this effect is blocked by both FTI-277 and GGTI-298, suggesting that farnesylated and geranylgeranylated proteins are required for superoxide production. Superoxides 267-277 protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I subunit beta Homo sapiens 179-183 10666117-3 2000 We also show that FTI-277 and GGTI-298 block superoxide production stimulated by constitutively active mutant H-Ras. Superoxides 45-55 protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I subunit beta Homo sapiens 30-34 10666117-3 2000 We also show that FTI-277 and GGTI-298 block superoxide production stimulated by constitutively active mutant H-Ras. Superoxides 45-55 HRas proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 110-115 10666117-5 2000 Given the role of oxidant radicals in vascular reactivity and injury, the action of both FTI-277 and GGTI-298 in suppressing superoxide generation by an inflammatory cytokine as well as by a potent smooth muscle mitogen may be therapeutically useful. Superoxides 125-135 protein geranylgeranyltransferase type I subunit beta Homo sapiens 101-105 10685001-7 2000 In the presence of L-NAME, PMA (1 nM) stimulation significantly increased superoxide anion generation following 3 h treatments with IL-3, TNF-alpha or IFN-gamma. Superoxides 74-90 interleukin 3 Homo sapiens 132-136 10687957-0 2000 Ribonuclease, cell-free translation-inhibitory and superoxide radical scavenging activities of the iron-binding protein lactoferrin from bovine milk. Superoxides 51-61 lactotransferrin Bos taurus 120-131 10559253-2 1999 Activation of the superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase requires interaction between p47(phox) and p22(phox), which is mediated via the SH3 domains of the former protein. Superoxides 18-28 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 92-101 10559253-2 1999 Activation of the superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase requires interaction between p47(phox) and p22(phox), which is mediated via the SH3 domains of the former protein. Superoxides 18-28 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 106-109 10559253-2 1999 Activation of the superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase requires interaction between p47(phox) and p22(phox), which is mediated via the SH3 domains of the former protein. Superoxides 18-28 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 96-100 10532402-7 1999 In contrast, production of TNF-alpha dependent intracellular hydrogen peroxide, the dismutation product of the superoxide radical, was demonstrated spectroscopically by formation of electron dense cerium-hydroperoxide precipitates. Superoxides 111-129 tumor necrosis factor Canis lupus familiaris 27-36 10540319-9 1999 Together these findings suggest that the defective host defense of TNF/LT-alpha-deficient mice against L. monocytogenes partially stems from reduced superoxide production of macrophages due to the absence of TNF and imply a function for peroxynitrite, the reaction product of NO and superoxide, in the intracellular killing of L. monocytogenes. Superoxides 149-159 lymphotoxin A Mus musculus 71-79 10540319-9 1999 Together these findings suggest that the defective host defense of TNF/LT-alpha-deficient mice against L. monocytogenes partially stems from reduced superoxide production of macrophages due to the absence of TNF and imply a function for peroxynitrite, the reaction product of NO and superoxide, in the intracellular killing of L. monocytogenes. Superoxides 283-293 lymphotoxin A Mus musculus 71-79 10479660-1 1999 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) protects arteries against deleterious effects of superoxide anions and the development of atherosclerosis. Superoxides 93-110 extracellular superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Oryctolagus cuniculus 0-34 10479660-1 1999 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) protects arteries against deleterious effects of superoxide anions and the development of atherosclerosis. Superoxides 93-110 extracellular superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Oryctolagus cuniculus 36-42 10430744-5 1999 NO production and xanthine oxidase (XO)/xanthine dehydrogenase activity, which are responsible for O(2)(-) production, were enhanced during the LAR. Superoxides 99-106 xanthine dehydrogenase/oxidase Cavia porcellus 40-62 10430665-1 1999 Binding of C1q to cell surfaces has been shown to mediate a number of biological activities including enhancement of phagocytosis and stimulation of superoxide production. Superoxides 149-159 complement component 1, q subcomponent, alpha polypeptide Mus musculus 11-14 10400704-1 1999 Neutrophil superoxide production can be potentiated by prior exposure to "priming" agents such as granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Superoxides 11-21 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 98-146 10400704-1 1999 Neutrophil superoxide production can be potentiated by prior exposure to "priming" agents such as granulocyte/macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Superoxides 11-21 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 148-154 10400704-5 1999 GM-CSF-induced p47(phox) phosphorylation was time- and concentration-dependent and ran parallel to the priming effect of GM-CSF on superoxide production. Superoxides 131-141 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-6 10400704-5 1999 GM-CSF-induced p47(phox) phosphorylation was time- and concentration-dependent and ran parallel to the priming effect of GM-CSF on superoxide production. Superoxides 131-141 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 15-18 10400704-5 1999 GM-CSF-induced p47(phox) phosphorylation was time- and concentration-dependent and ran parallel to the priming effect of GM-CSF on superoxide production. Superoxides 131-141 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 19-23 10400704-5 1999 GM-CSF-induced p47(phox) phosphorylation was time- and concentration-dependent and ran parallel to the priming effect of GM-CSF on superoxide production. Superoxides 131-141 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 121-127 10393079-1 1999 It is commonly assumed that activation of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase requires the formation of a stable complex between flavocytochrome b-245 (the gp91phox/p22phox heterodimer) and the cytosolic cofactors p47phox, p67phox and Rac2. Superoxides 46-56 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 169-176 10224233-6 1999 In sharp contrast, activation of the LXA4 receptor reversed LTB4-initiated PSDP remodeling, leading to an accumulation of PSDP and potent inhibition of both PLD and superoxide anion generation. Superoxides 165-181 formyl peptide receptor 2 Homo sapiens 37-50 10202371-8 1999 Furthermore, enhanced O2- generation, but not adhesion, associated with IL-4 + TNFalpha-treatment of HUVEC was inhibited when EOS were treated with the platelet activating factor (PAF)-antagonist WEB 2086 (20 microM), thus suggesting an involvement of PAF in priming EOS. Superoxides 22-24 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 180-183 10202371-8 1999 Furthermore, enhanced O2- generation, but not adhesion, associated with IL-4 + TNFalpha-treatment of HUVEC was inhibited when EOS were treated with the platelet activating factor (PAF)-antagonist WEB 2086 (20 microM), thus suggesting an involvement of PAF in priming EOS. Superoxides 22-24 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 252-255 10049498-1 1999 The effects of d-cystathionine ketimine (D-CK) and l-cystathionine ketimine (L-CK) on the stimulus-induced superoxide generation by human neutrophils were compared. Superoxides 107-117 LCK proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 51-81 9882616-0 1999 Enhancement of chemotactic peptide-induced activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and its relation to the cytokine-mediated priming of neutrophil superoxide-anion production. Superoxides 199-215 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta Homo sapiens 57-82 9882616-0 1999 Enhancement of chemotactic peptide-induced activation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and its relation to the cytokine-mediated priming of neutrophil superoxide-anion production. Superoxides 199-215 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 86-134 9882616-1 1999 Incubation of human neutrophils with a chemotactic peptide [N-formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine (fMLP)] gave rise to an increase in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity, phosphorylation of p47phox and superoxide-anion (O2(-)) generation in the same fMLP-concentration-dependent manner. Superoxides 212-222 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta Homo sapiens 138-163 9882616-1 1999 Incubation of human neutrophils with a chemotactic peptide [N-formylmethionyl-leucylphenylalanine (fMLP)] gave rise to an increase in the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) activity, phosphorylation of p47phox and superoxide-anion (O2(-)) generation in the same fMLP-concentration-dependent manner. Superoxides 230-232 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta Homo sapiens 138-163 9857096-11 1998 The finding that the potencies of a series of bis(benzylidene)cycloalkanones in inducing quinone reductase appear to be correlated with their ability to quench superoxide radicals suggests that the regulation of phase 2 enzymes may involve both Michael reaction reactivity and radical quenching mechanisms. Superoxides 160-170 crystallin, zeta Mus musculus 89-106 9851874-9 1998 A specific Src inhibitor, PP1, was shown to completely abrogate the FcgammaR-induced superoxide response, correlating with a decrease in Cbl and Nck tyrosine phosphorylation. Superoxides 85-95 Cbl proto-oncogene Homo sapiens 137-140 9851874-9 1998 A specific Src inhibitor, PP1, was shown to completely abrogate the FcgammaR-induced superoxide response, correlating with a decrease in Cbl and Nck tyrosine phosphorylation. Superoxides 85-95 NCK adaptor protein 1 Homo sapiens 145-148 9876093-2 1998 Monocytes and neutrophils produce superoxide anion by activated platelets through p-selectin. Superoxides 34-50 selectin P Homo sapiens 82-92 9799359-2 1998 Transcription of UTH1 was decreased by the superoxide anion and increased by hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 43-59 SUN family protein UTH1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 17-21 9799359-4 1998 The uth1 mutant showed increased resistance to peroxides and, in contrast, was sensitive to superoxide or the thiol oxidant diamide. Superoxides 92-102 SUN family protein UTH1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 4-8 9788896-10 1998 Thus, PP1/PP2a appear to be the primary phosphatases for controlling the intensity of the respiratory burst during receptor-elicited superoxide production in AM, whereas PP1/PP2a and PP2b play a role in turning off the respiratory burst. Superoxides 133-143 protein phosphatase 2 phosphatase activator Homo sapiens 10-14 9846011-1 1998 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) rapidly primed human neutrophils for enhanced superoxide (O2-) release, and membrane depolarization stimulated by chemotactic peptide (N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine), interleukin 8, concanavalin A (Con A) and ionomycin. Superoxides 183-193 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 29-77 9846011-1 1998 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) rapidly primed human neutrophils for enhanced superoxide (O2-) release, and membrane depolarization stimulated by chemotactic peptide (N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine), interleukin 8, concanavalin A (Con A) and ionomycin. Superoxides 183-193 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 91-128 9846011-1 1998 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) rapidly primed human neutrophils for enhanced superoxide (O2-) release, and membrane depolarization stimulated by chemotactic peptide (N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine), interleukin 8, concanavalin A (Con A) and ionomycin. Superoxides 183-193 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 130-135 9846011-1 1998 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) rapidly primed human neutrophils for enhanced superoxide (O2-) release, and membrane depolarization stimulated by chemotactic peptide (N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine), interleukin 8, concanavalin A (Con A) and ionomycin. Superoxides 195-197 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 29-77 9846011-1 1998 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) rapidly primed human neutrophils for enhanced superoxide (O2-) release, and membrane depolarization stimulated by chemotactic peptide (N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine), interleukin 8, concanavalin A (Con A) and ionomycin. Superoxides 195-197 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 91-128 9846011-1 1998 Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) rapidly primed human neutrophils for enhanced superoxide (O2-) release, and membrane depolarization stimulated by chemotactic peptide (N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine), interleukin 8, concanavalin A (Con A) and ionomycin. Superoxides 195-197 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 130-135 10190138-4 1998 The permeabilized mast cells were stimulated to generate O2- by the addition of Ca2+, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and arachidonic acid. Superoxides 57-59 phospholipase A2 group IB Rattus norvegicus 86-102 10190138-4 1998 The permeabilized mast cells were stimulated to generate O2- by the addition of Ca2+, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and arachidonic acid. Superoxides 57-59 phospholipase A2 group IB Rattus norvegicus 104-108 9756092-11 1998 Thus, Ang II acting on AT1 receptors stimulates superoxide generation, which, in turn, induces expression of P-selectin on the endothelial cell surface. Superoxides 48-58 selectin P Homo sapiens 109-119 9651192-4 1998 Although only VCAM-1 stimulated EOS superoxide anion (O2-) generation, the addition of GM-CSF (100 pM) to the reactions resulted in a greater and equivalent production of O2- with VCAM-1 and ICAM-1. Superoxides 171-173 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 87-93 9661038-0 1998 Inhibitory effect of erythromycin on superoxide anion production by human neutrophils primed with granulocyte-colony stimulating factor. Superoxides 37-53 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 98-135 9624128-1 1998 The superoxide generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes consists, in resting cells, of a membrane-associated electron transporting flavocytochrome (cytochrome b559) and four cytosolic proteins as follows: p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase, Rac(1 or 2). Superoxides 4-14 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 203-206 9626179-8 1998 Conversely, superoxides (generated with 10 mU/mL xanthine oxidase plus 0.6 mmol/L hypoxanthine, and 100 mumol/L hydrogen peroxide) induced the accumulation of PAI-1 and collagen (n = 6). Superoxides 12-23 serpin family E member 2 Rattus norvegicus 159-164 9636846-5 1998 M-CSF enhances cytotoxicity, superoxide production, phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and secondary cytokine production in monocytes and macrophages. Superoxides 29-39 colony stimulating factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 9708036-10 1998 Our results provide the first evidence that excess superoxide production in hypertension may trigger a desensitization of vascular sGC. Superoxides 51-61 guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 2 Rattus norvegicus 131-134 9556556-9 1998 The NADPH oxidase activity of TrxR induced by dinitrohalobenzenes generated superoxide, as detected by reaction with epinephrine (the adrenochrome method). Superoxides 76-86 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 30-34 9556556-12 1998 A model for the interaction between TrxR and dinitrohalobenzenes is proposed, involving a functional FAD in the alkylated TrxR generating an anion nitroradical in a dinitrophenyl group, which in turn reacts with oxygen to generate superoxide. Superoxides 231-241 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 36-40 9556556-12 1998 A model for the interaction between TrxR and dinitrohalobenzenes is proposed, involving a functional FAD in the alkylated TrxR generating an anion nitroradical in a dinitrophenyl group, which in turn reacts with oxygen to generate superoxide. Superoxides 231-241 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 122-126 9555979-7 1998 Macrophages from animals treated with IFN-gamma had higher in vitro tumoricidal activity and production of O2- (p < 0.05). Superoxides 107-109 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 38-47 10093201-7 1998 A positive correlation was observed between the killing capacity, the O2- production and the amount of IFN-gamma in PBMC supernatants employed for monocyte activation. Superoxides 70-72 interferon gamma Canis lupus familiaris 103-112 9485188-9 1998 Together with an augmentation of neutrophil reactive oxidant species production and release of superoxide anions, these data raise the possibility that soluble E-selectin exerts pro-inflammatory effects upon neutrophil function at sites of inflammation, thereby exacerbating disease processes. Superoxides 95-112 selectin E Homo sapiens 160-170 9443792-7 1998 Osteoclast superoxide production, monitored kinetically by cytochrome c reduction and histochemically by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction staining, was significantly greater in the presence of 121F, but not 29C, Fab treatment. Superoxides 11-21 FA complementation group B Homo sapiens 211-214 9443792-8 1998 Furthermore, the release of another free radical known as nitric oxide, which is produced by osteoclasts, can scavenge superoxides, and acts to potently inhibit osteoclast bone resorption, was dose-dependently increased by 121F Fab in resorbing osteoclast cultures. Superoxides 119-130 FA complementation group B Homo sapiens 228-231 10684481-2 1998 When nitrates are metabolized to release NO, there is a considerable coproduction of reactive oxygen species (superoxide radical and peroxynitrite) in vessels leading to inactivation of NO, to diminished cyclic quanosine monophosphate production in smooth muscle cells (SMC), to impaired vasomotor responses to the endothelium-derived relaxation factor (EDRF), and to formation of nitrotyrosine as a marker of glyceryltrinitrate (GTN)-induced formation of peroxynitrite. Superoxides 110-128 alpha hemoglobin stabilizing protein Homo sapiens 315-352 10684481-2 1998 When nitrates are metabolized to release NO, there is a considerable coproduction of reactive oxygen species (superoxide radical and peroxynitrite) in vessels leading to inactivation of NO, to diminished cyclic quanosine monophosphate production in smooth muscle cells (SMC), to impaired vasomotor responses to the endothelium-derived relaxation factor (EDRF), and to formation of nitrotyrosine as a marker of glyceryltrinitrate (GTN)-induced formation of peroxynitrite. Superoxides 110-128 alpha hemoglobin stabilizing protein Homo sapiens 354-358 9405639-3 1997 In the present studies, we characterize the enzyme responsible for O2- production in the adventitia and show that this enzyme is a constitutively active NADPH oxidase with similar composition as the phagocyte NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 67-69 NADPH oxidase 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 153-166 9405639-3 1997 In the present studies, we characterize the enzyme responsible for O2- production in the adventitia and show that this enzyme is a constitutively active NADPH oxidase with similar composition as the phagocyte NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 67-69 NADPH oxidase 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 209-222 9497899-4 1997 Convincingly, hyperglycemic conditions yielded an increase in superoxide anion release from endothelial cells and the superoxide anion-generating mixture xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine mimicked the effect of hyperglycemia on Ca2+/EDRF signaling. Superoxides 118-134 alpha hemoglobin stabilizing protein Homo sapiens 229-233 9548461-2 1997 Our previous work in human myeloid cells showed that ligation of CD38 with mAbs (HB-7 and T-16; IgG1 subclass) not only induced protein-tyrosine phosphorylation but also potentiated superoxide generation stimulated by G protein-coupled receptors. Superoxides 182-192 CD38 molecule Homo sapiens 65-69 9550098-6 1997 Since these enzymes (EROD, CYP 1A1/2 and PROD, CYP2B1) activate polycyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic amines and aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons to their ultimate mutagenic or carcinogenic forms, and are effective in producing reactive oxygen species such as superoxide, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide, the new compound, BITN, appears to have a greater anticarcinogenic and antioxidant potential than RA and BHT. Superoxides 258-268 cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 27-34 9370364-1 1997 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytic cells is a multicomponent system containing a membrane-bound flavocytochrome b and a small G protein Rac as well as cytosolic factors p67phox, p47phox and p40phox which translocate to the membrane upon activation. Superoxides 4-14 neutrophil cytosolic factor 4 Homo sapiens 217-224 9370364-5 1997 Typically, in cells transiently activated by fMet-Leu-Phe-Lys, onset of superoxide production coincides with the appearance of new phosphorylated species of p40phox and, at the end of the respiratory burst, dephosphorylation of p40phox is observed. Superoxides 72-82 neutrophil cytosolic factor 4 Homo sapiens 157-164 9370364-5 1997 Typically, in cells transiently activated by fMet-Leu-Phe-Lys, onset of superoxide production coincides with the appearance of new phosphorylated species of p40phox and, at the end of the respiratory burst, dephosphorylation of p40phox is observed. Superoxides 72-82 neutrophil cytosolic factor 4 Homo sapiens 228-235 9336880-6 1997 Following stimulation with C5a complement derived from normal serum, the neutrophils from the FXI deficient animals exhibited a greater increase (P < 0.05) in both alkaline phosphatase release and superoxide production. Superoxides 200-210 coagulation factor XI Bos taurus 94-97 9336880-9 1997 The C5a complement from FXI deficient serum was more effective (P < 0.05) in stimulating alkaline phosphatase release and superoxide production in normal neutrophils than the equivalent fraction from FXI deficient serum while the C3b complement from the FXI deficient serum was less effective than the normal serum fraction at inducing myeloperoxidase release from normal neutrophils. Superoxides 125-135 coagulation factor XI Bos taurus 24-27 9269528-3 1997 However, by day 2 of culture, PAF induced an increase in O2- generation that was inhibited by pretreatment with the PAF receptor antagonist WEB 2086. Superoxides 57-59 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 30-33 9269528-3 1997 However, by day 2 of culture, PAF induced an increase in O2- generation that was inhibited by pretreatment with the PAF receptor antagonist WEB 2086. Superoxides 57-59 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 116-119 9269528-8 1997 In contrast, pretreatment with the protein kinase C inhibitor staurosporine had no effect on PAF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation, but did inhibit PAF-induced O2- generation. Superoxides 159-161 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 147-150 9277048-2 1997 GM-CSF suppressed this process and neutrophils retained their functions of superoxide production and enzyme release against invasion of microorganisms. Superoxides 75-85 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-6 9291376-5 1997 Our hypothesis is that the well-recognized postinjury mediators platelet-activating factor (PAF) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) prime PMNs for the concordant release of elastase and superoxide (O2-) as well as for CD11b up-regulation. Superoxides 177-187 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 64-90 9291376-5 1997 Our hypothesis is that the well-recognized postinjury mediators platelet-activating factor (PAF) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) prime PMNs for the concordant release of elastase and superoxide (O2-) as well as for CD11b up-regulation. Superoxides 177-187 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 92-95 9291376-5 1997 Our hypothesis is that the well-recognized postinjury mediators platelet-activating factor (PAF) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) prime PMNs for the concordant release of elastase and superoxide (O2-) as well as for CD11b up-regulation. Superoxides 189-191 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 64-90 9291376-5 1997 Our hypothesis is that the well-recognized postinjury mediators platelet-activating factor (PAF) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) prime PMNs for the concordant release of elastase and superoxide (O2-) as well as for CD11b up-regulation. Superoxides 189-191 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 92-95 9483174-2 1997 Since LPS stimulates active oxygen species production by these cells, we investigated the roles of superoxide anion and nitric oxide in the induction of TF in human blood monocytes. Superoxides 99-115 coagulation factor III, tissue factor Homo sapiens 153-155 9245567-1 1997 Platelet-activating factor (PAF) concordantly primes neutrophils (PMNs) for superoxide generation and elastase release. Superoxides 76-86 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 0-26 9245567-1 1997 Platelet-activating factor (PAF) concordantly primes neutrophils (PMNs) for superoxide generation and elastase release. Superoxides 76-86 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 28-31 9245567-4 1997 We hypothesized that beta-adrenergic neutrophil stimulation has disparate effects on PAF-mediated PMN superoxide generation versus elastase release. Superoxides 102-112 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 85-88 9224389-1 1997 Platelet activating factor (PAF) enhances polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) superoxide (.O2-) production, CD11b expression, and elastase release, all essential components in the pathophysiology of multiple-organ failure. Superoxides 76-86 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 28-31 9224389-1 1997 Platelet activating factor (PAF) enhances polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) superoxide (.O2-) production, CD11b expression, and elastase release, all essential components in the pathophysiology of multiple-organ failure. Superoxides 89-91 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 28-31 9224389-11 1997 Lexipafant attenuated the PAF-mediated upregulation of PMN .O2- production, CD11b expression, and elastase release in a dose dependent fashion. Superoxides 60-62 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 26-29 9054359-1 1997 NIH 3T3 fibroblasts stably transformed with a constitutively active isoform of p21(Ras), H-RasV12 (v-H-Ras or EJ-Ras), produced large amounts of the reactive oxygen species superoxide (.O2-). Superoxides 173-183 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 79-82 9054359-1 1997 NIH 3T3 fibroblasts stably transformed with a constitutively active isoform of p21(Ras), H-RasV12 (v-H-Ras or EJ-Ras), produced large amounts of the reactive oxygen species superoxide (.O2-). Superoxides 186-188 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 79-82 9032440-1 1997 Flavocytochrome b558 of the NADPH oxidase which generates superoxide in phagocytic cells, is a alpha1 beta1 heterodimer of gp91phox and p22phox, which together form a membrane-spanning electron-transport chain that transfers electrons from NADPH in the cytosol to oxygen. Superoxides 58-68 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 136-143 9051308-18 1997 Basal and YC-1-stimulated sGC activity was sensitive to inhibition by superoxide (O-2) generated by xanthine/xanthine oxidase, and was protected from this inhibition by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 70-80 guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 2 Rattus norvegicus 26-29 9051308-18 1997 Basal and YC-1-stimulated sGC activity was sensitive to inhibition by superoxide (O-2) generated by xanthine/xanthine oxidase, and was protected from this inhibition by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 82-85 guanylate cyclase 1 soluble subunit beta 2 Rattus norvegicus 26-29 9048341-9 1997 Overexpressed Crry suppressed antibody/complement induced production of superoxide, one of the inflammatory mediators induced by sublytic complement attack. Superoxides 72-82 complement C3b/C4b receptor 1 like Rattus norvegicus 14-18 9027726-7 1997 Superoxide levels were otherwise shown to determine the EPO production in hepatoma cell lines. Superoxides 0-10 erythropoietin Rattus norvegicus 56-59 9013127-4 1997 Superoxide dismutase and catalase abolish both sperm capacitation and tyrosine phosphorylation of p105 and p81, suggesting the involvement of O2.- and hydrogen peroxide in these two processes. Superoxides 142-144 ezrin Homo sapiens 107-110 9067998-9 1997 In addition, ulinastatin inhibited the activities of elastase and cathepsin G from human leukocytes, and it suppressed TNF alpha, IL-8 and superoxide production by rat macrophages and rabbit leukocytes in vitro. Superoxides 139-149 alpha-1-microglobulin/bikunin precursor Rattus norvegicus 13-24 8892651-2 1996 The priming effects produced by recombinant human granulocyte CSF (rhGCSF) and TNF-alpha (rhTNF-alpha) on FMLP-stimulated superoxide production in human and rabbit blood neutrophils were compared with their effects in their respective tissue neutrophils, i.e., human salivary and rabbit peritoneal neutrophils. Superoxides 122-132 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 50-74 8930166-2 1996 The following agents inhibited phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-stimulated O2- generation significantly in the all-trans retinoic acid-treated HL-60 cells (expressed as percentage of control, P < .05): 1) PKC inhibitors: staurosporine (100 nM, 3 +/- 1%); Ro 31-8220 (1 microM, 3 +/- 2%); sphingosine (100 microM, 15 +/- 7%); 2) PSP 1 and 2a inhibitors, okadaic acid (10 microM, 35 +/- 1%); calyculin A (10 microM, 73 +/- 1%); 3) MAPK inhibitor: SB-203580 (100 microM, 62 +/- 1%); 4) PTP inhibitors: phenylarsine oxide (1 microM, 12 +/- 9%); diamide (1 mM, 21 +/- 11%); and 5) secretory phospholipase A2 inhibitors: manoalide (1 microM, 24 +/- 10%); scalaradial (1 microM, 11 +/- 4%). Superoxides 74-76 paraspeckle component 1 Homo sapiens 330-342 8986067-2 1996 The superoxide production of blood leukocytes increased by treatment of G-CSF with its dose dependency. Superoxides 4-14 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 72-77 8886015-0 1996 Enhancement of superoxide production and protection against heat shock by HSP27 in fibroblasts. Superoxides 15-25 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 74-79 8886015-5 1996 Cells with the enhanced expression of normal human HSP27 as well as the non-phosphorylatable protein exhibited a 20-fold higher superoxide production than control CCL39 cells. Superoxides 128-138 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 51-56 8837751-0 1996 Failure of tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 to elicit superoxide production in the mitochondrial matrices of mammalian cells. Superoxides 61-71 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 37-50 8837751-1 1996 Subversion of mitochondrial electron transport to the production of O2.- has been proposed as a mechanism of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated cell killing and to a lesser extent interleukin-1 (IL-1) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) cytotoxicity. Superoxides 68-70 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 182-195 8837751-1 1996 Subversion of mitochondrial electron transport to the production of O2.- has been proposed as a mechanism of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated cell killing and to a lesser extent interleukin-1 (IL-1) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) cytotoxicity. Superoxides 68-70 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 197-201 8931940-3 1996 The HPH-Pep-CuII complex had unique pentacoordinated structure as shown by X-ray crystallography and exhibited superoxide-scavenging activity as indicated by ESR spectroscopy. Superoxides 111-121 progestagen associated endometrial protein Homo sapiens 8-11 8931940-4 1996 The superoxide-quenching profile of HPH-Pep-CuII was studied in detail by cytochrome c assay and ESR spin trapping and it was found that (1) HPH-Pep-CuII did not scavenge hydrogen peroxide or hydroxyl radical and hence the scavenging activity was specific to superoxide, and (2) HPH-Pep-CuII did not generate hydrogen peroxide upon scavenging superoxide. Superoxides 4-14 progestagen associated endometrial protein Homo sapiens 40-43 8931940-4 1996 The superoxide-quenching profile of HPH-Pep-CuII was studied in detail by cytochrome c assay and ESR spin trapping and it was found that (1) HPH-Pep-CuII did not scavenge hydrogen peroxide or hydroxyl radical and hence the scavenging activity was specific to superoxide, and (2) HPH-Pep-CuII did not generate hydrogen peroxide upon scavenging superoxide. Superoxides 4-14 progestagen associated endometrial protein Homo sapiens 145-148 8931940-4 1996 The superoxide-quenching profile of HPH-Pep-CuII was studied in detail by cytochrome c assay and ESR spin trapping and it was found that (1) HPH-Pep-CuII did not scavenge hydrogen peroxide or hydroxyl radical and hence the scavenging activity was specific to superoxide, and (2) HPH-Pep-CuII did not generate hydrogen peroxide upon scavenging superoxide. Superoxides 4-14 progestagen associated endometrial protein Homo sapiens 145-148 8872362-9 1996 SCA40 (1 nM-10 microM) produced a concentration-related inhibition of FMLP (30 nM approximately EC50)-induced superoxide production (-log IC50 = 5.48 +/- 0.10; n = 6) and elastase release (-log IC50 = 5.50 +/- 0.26; n = 6). Superoxides 110-120 coiled-coil domain containing 88C Homo sapiens 0-5 8635236-5 1996 Stimulation of vascular smooth muscle cells with LPS and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) triggered the production of superoxide anion over 3 to 48 hours and NO and ONOO- over 24 to 48 hours and resulted in significant DNA strand breakage. Superoxides 114-130 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 57-84 8635290-4 1996 In contrast, both (O2)- generation and enzyme induction were attenuated by priming with IL1-alpha, with the exception of PMA-stimulated (O2)- generation. Superoxides 19-21 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 88-97 8622631-9 1996 Anti-cytochrome b5 IgG decreased NADPH- and NADH-dependent HER formation, and this was associated with inhibition of superoxide formation with both reductants. Superoxides 117-127 cytochrome b5 type A Homo sapiens 5-18 8622631-13 1996 Cytochrome b5 seems to play a role in HER formation, most likely due to its effect on superoxide production. Superoxides 86-96 cytochrome b5 type A Homo sapiens 0-13 8857670-0 1996 Activation of tyrosinase reduces the cytotoxic effects of the superoxide anion in B16 mouse melanoma cells. Superoxides 62-78 tyrosinase Mus musculus 14-24 8857670-1 1996 Tyrosinase may protect against oxidative stress by using the superoxide anion (O2-1.) Superoxides 61-77 tyrosinase Mus musculus 0-10 8857670-14 1996 We conclude that tyrosinase is able to utilise O2.- to produce melanin and this provides pigment cells with a unique anti-oxidant mechanism. Superoxides 47-49 tyrosinase Mus musculus 17-27 8612727-0 1996 Peroxynitrite formed by simultaneous generation of nitric oxide and superoxide selectively inhibits bovine aortic prostacyclin synthase. Superoxides 68-78 prostaglandin I2 synthase Bos taurus 114-135 8616070-0 1996 The regulation of neutrophil phospholipase A2 by granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and its role in priming superoxide production. Superoxides 122-132 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 49-97 8834862-2 1996 We undertook this study to determine whether phospholipase A2-dependent release of arachidonic acid is involved in PCB-induced O2- production. Superoxides 127-129 phospholipase A2 group IB Rattus norvegicus 45-61 8834862-11 1996 These data suggest that Aroclor 1242 stimulates neutrophils to produce O2- by a mechanism that involves phospholipase A2-dependent release of arachidonic acid. Superoxides 71-73 phospholipase A2 group IB Rattus norvegicus 104-120 8551399-3 1996 The data indicate that mutations in the p47-phagocyte oxidase component of the reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase component do not completely prevent oxidation despite severe defects in superoxide generation. Superoxides 211-221 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 40-43 8676749-3 1996 Results provide evidence that LPS and/or GM-CSF priming was able to enhance O2- production in old PMN, even if values were still lower than those observed in similarly-treated young cells. Superoxides 76-78 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 41-47 8567031-5 1995 The ability of LPS, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha or PAF to maintain the high superoxide response was blocked by addition of inhibitors of serine proteases, either 4-(2-aminoethyl)-benzenesulphonyl fluoride (AEBSF) or 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin. Superoxides 69-79 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 44-47 8567031-11 1995 We conclude that activity of a monocyte serine protease is required to maintain the high superoxide response in monocytes primed with LPS, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, or PAF. Superoxides 89-99 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 164-167 7594500-0 1995 Differential effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on eosinophil and neutrophil superoxide anion generation. Superoxides 102-118 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 24-72 7594500-4 1995 Incubation with GM-CSF (10 or 100 pM) significantly enhanced FMLP-stimulated EOS superoxide anion (O2-) generation, LTC4 release, and adhesion to tissue culture plates. Superoxides 81-97 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 16-22 7594500-4 1995 Incubation with GM-CSF (10 or 100 pM) significantly enhanced FMLP-stimulated EOS superoxide anion (O2-) generation, LTC4 release, and adhesion to tissue culture plates. Superoxides 99-101 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 16-22 8548563-6 1995 MnSOD is considered as being protective against the cytotoxic effects of those superoxide anions, possibly generated in macrophages, which are involved in the metabolism of modified lipoproteins. Superoxides 79-96 SOD-2 Oryctolagus cuniculus 0-5 7561176-4 1995 MNC pretreated with M-CSF exhibited enhanced superoxide anion production in response to PMA (P = .026). Superoxides 45-61 colony stimulating factor 1 Homo sapiens 20-25 7664497-1 1995 Human neutrophils, plated on fibronectin-precoated wells, were found to release large quantities of superoxide anion (O2-) in response to GM-CSF. Superoxides 100-116 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 138-144 7664497-1 1995 Human neutrophils, plated on fibronectin-precoated wells, were found to release large quantities of superoxide anion (O2-) in response to GM-CSF. Superoxides 118-120 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 138-144 7639508-0 1995 Superoxide anion generation by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to prothymosin alpha. Superoxides 0-16 prothymosin alpha pseudogene 9 Homo sapiens 87-104 7639508-1 1995 The ability of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to respond to highly purified prothymosin alpha by generating superoxide anion was investigated. Superoxides 118-134 prothymosin alpha pseudogene 9 Homo sapiens 86-103 7639508-6 1995 Selective stimulation of these fractions with prothymosin alpha revealed that different cell populations were responsible for the generation of superoxide at higher and lower concentrations of stimulant, respectively. Superoxides 144-154 prothymosin alpha pseudogene 9 Homo sapiens 46-63 7639508-10 1995 Finally, simultaneous addition of prothymosin alpha and PMA resulted in a approximately 40% decrease of the O2- generation induced by PMA alone. Superoxides 108-110 prothymosin alpha pseudogene 9 Homo sapiens 34-51 7543524-4 1995 Several recent reports have demonstrated that ligation and cross-linking of neutrophil L-selectin results in neutrophil activation, including intracellular calcium release, superoxide production, and induction of mRNA for production of IL-8 and TNF-alpha. Superoxides 173-183 selectin L Homo sapiens 87-97 7643012-0 1995 C1q triggers neutrophil superoxide production by a unique CD18-dependent mechanism. Superoxides 24-34 complement C1q A chain Homo sapiens 0-3 7643012-1 1995 Complement protein C1q induces the production of superoxide (O2-) by neutrophils via an as yet unidentified receptor or receptor complex. Superoxides 49-59 complement C1q A chain Homo sapiens 19-22 7643012-1 1995 Complement protein C1q induces the production of superoxide (O2-) by neutrophils via an as yet unidentified receptor or receptor complex. Superoxides 61-63 complement C1q A chain Homo sapiens 19-22 7643012-4 1995 Next, 17 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) recognizing various neutrophil surface antigens were tested for their ability to inhibit C1q-CLR-mediated O2- production. Superoxides 144-146 complement C1q A chain Homo sapiens 127-130 7643012-7 1995 Because CD11b/CD18 is recognized to play a role in cell adhesion, the role of adherence in C1q-mediated O2- production was explored. Superoxides 104-106 complement C1q A chain Homo sapiens 91-94 7643012-8 1995 Adherence of neutrophils to C1q-CLR-coated surfaces occurred with kinetics, which usually paralleled those of O2- production, and was invariably abolished by the anti-CD11b mAb 44a. Superoxides 110-112 complement C1q A chain Homo sapiens 28-31 7601250-1 1995 Together, interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and IL-1 beta primed human neutrophils for enhanced release of superoxide (O2-) stimulated by chemotactic peptide, chemokine, and plant lectin, and alone, each triggered O2- release in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 106-116 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 10-29 7601250-1 1995 Together, interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and IL-1 beta primed human neutrophils for enhanced release of superoxide (O2-) stimulated by chemotactic peptide, chemokine, and plant lectin, and alone, each triggered O2- release in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 106-116 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 31-41 7601250-1 1995 Together, interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and IL-1 beta primed human neutrophils for enhanced release of superoxide (O2-) stimulated by chemotactic peptide, chemokine, and plant lectin, and alone, each triggered O2- release in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 118-120 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 10-29 7601250-1 1995 Together, interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and IL-1 beta primed human neutrophils for enhanced release of superoxide (O2-) stimulated by chemotactic peptide, chemokine, and plant lectin, and alone, each triggered O2- release in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 118-120 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 31-41 7601250-1 1995 Together, interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and IL-1 beta primed human neutrophils for enhanced release of superoxide (O2-) stimulated by chemotactic peptide, chemokine, and plant lectin, and alone, each triggered O2- release in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 213-215 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 10-29 7601250-1 1995 Together, interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1 alpha) and IL-1 beta primed human neutrophils for enhanced release of superoxide (O2-) stimulated by chemotactic peptide, chemokine, and plant lectin, and alone, each triggered O2- release in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 213-215 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 31-41 7791340-3 1995 Therefore, we hypothesized that reperfused gut secretes platelet activating factor (PAF) via PLA2 activation that is responsible for increased PMN chemotaxis and priming for superoxide (O2-) generation. Superoxides 174-184 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 84-87 7791340-3 1995 Therefore, we hypothesized that reperfused gut secretes platelet activating factor (PAF) via PLA2 activation that is responsible for increased PMN chemotaxis and priming for superoxide (O2-) generation. Superoxides 186-188 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 84-87 7791340-10 1995 Similarly, gut I/R supernatant primed PMNs for O2- (P < 0.05) compared to laparotomy, and this effect was abrogated by a PAF antagonist. Superoxides 47-49 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 124-127 7738010-3 1995 Rac1 also activates superoxide production by the components (cytochrome b, p40phox, p67phox, and p47phox) of the neutrophil oxidase. Superoxides 20-30 neutrophil cytosolic factor 4 Homo sapiens 75-82 7536800-1 1995 Interleukin (IL)-2, initially discovered for its mitogenic activity on T cells, also acts on monocytes, resulting in the activation of cytokine production, superoxide production, and tumoricidal activity. Superoxides 156-166 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 0-18 7636807-9 1995 The oxygen electrode and spectrophotometer data indicate that there is a superoxide-generating NAD(P)H oxidase on the blastocyst surface. Superoxides 73-83 NADPH oxidase 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 95-110 7602192-7 1995 Furthermore, M-CSF promoted the production of superoxide and nitric oxide in macrophage. Superoxides 46-56 colony stimulating factor 1 Homo sapiens 13-18 7900800-2 1995 We found in rats subjected to intestinal I/R (ischemia 45 min and reperfusion 6 h) that 1) intestinal phospholipase A2 (PLA2) was activated during ischemia, 2) circulating PMN priming (assessed by superoxide production with N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe) occurred after 1 h reperfusion, and 3) exaggerated 125I-labeled albumin lung leak occurred after 2 h reperfusion, compared with sham-treated animals (P < 0.05). Superoxides 197-207 phospholipase A2 group IB Rattus norvegicus 102-118 7900800-2 1995 We found in rats subjected to intestinal I/R (ischemia 45 min and reperfusion 6 h) that 1) intestinal phospholipase A2 (PLA2) was activated during ischemia, 2) circulating PMN priming (assessed by superoxide production with N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe) occurred after 1 h reperfusion, and 3) exaggerated 125I-labeled albumin lung leak occurred after 2 h reperfusion, compared with sham-treated animals (P < 0.05). Superoxides 197-207 phospholipase A2 group IB Rattus norvegicus 120-124 7532664-2 1995 Cross-linking of L-selectin using different mAbs induced a rapid and transient increase in [Ca2+]i and O2- generation by neutrophils that were dependent on the extent of L-selectin cross-linking and mAb epitope binding. Superoxides 103-105 selectin L Homo sapiens 17-27 7532664-2 1995 Cross-linking of L-selectin using different mAbs induced a rapid and transient increase in [Ca2+]i and O2- generation by neutrophils that were dependent on the extent of L-selectin cross-linking and mAb epitope binding. Superoxides 103-105 selectin L Homo sapiens 170-180 7532664-7 1995 The data indicate that cross-linking of L-selectin and Mac-1 initiates changes in [Ca2+]i and O2- production in neutrophils and suggest that these distinct adhesion molecules independently may play important regulatory roles in modulating neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions, transmigration, and neutrophil function at sites of tissue injury. Superoxides 94-96 selectin L Homo sapiens 40-50 7744303-0 1995 Lung damage in paraquat poisoning and hyperbaric oxygen exposure: superoxide-mediated inhibition of phospholipase A2. Superoxides 66-76 phospholipase A2 group IB Rattus norvegicus 100-116 7852836-6 1995 LTB4- and PAF-induced superoxide anion generation is enhanced by the diacyglycerol kinase inhibitor R59022, whereas aggregation induced by LTB4, but not PAF, is augmented. Superoxides 22-38 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 10-13 7538966-0 1995 Superoxide production by neutrophils in children with malignant tumors treated with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Superoxides 0-10 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 102-139 7538966-1 1995 BACKGROUND: Human recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF), widely used to combat chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, stimulates both in vivo and in vitro intra- and extra-cellular O2- production in human polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs). Superoxides 198-200 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 30-67 7538966-1 1995 BACKGROUND: Human recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF), widely used to combat chemotherapy-induced neutropenia, stimulates both in vivo and in vitro intra- and extra-cellular O2- production in human polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs). Superoxides 198-200 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 73-76 7538966-3 1995 Intra- and extracellular O2- production by PMNs isolated from these patients after 5 days of rhG-CSF therapy was assessed following both fMLP and PMA stimulation. Superoxides 25-27 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 97-100 7538966-5 1995 CONCLUSIONS: rhG-CSF potentiates in vivo O2- production by PMNs stimulated with receptor-mediated agonists via G-protein (e.g. fMLP), but not by those stimulated with agonists that bypass receptors via protein kinase C (e.g. PMA). Superoxides 41-43 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 17-20 8835629-0 1995 Glycosylation improves the priming effect exerted by recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (lenograstim) on human neutrophil superoxide production. Superoxides 143-153 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 71-108 7549267-6 1995 G-CSF enhanced PMN superoxide anion (O2-) production and luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) induced by opsonized zymosan in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 19-35 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 0-5 7549267-6 1995 G-CSF enhanced PMN superoxide anion (O2-) production and luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (CL) induced by opsonized zymosan in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 37-40 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 0-5 7982975-3 1994 J774 cells were also found to respond to immobilized IgG2a, but not IgG2b, by the increased production of superoxide, H2O2, and TNF-alpha. Superoxides 106-116 immunoglobulin heavy variable V1-9 Mus musculus 53-58 7525817-0 1994 Induction of superoxide anion production from monocytes an neutrophils by activated platelets through the P-selectin-sialyl Lewis X interaction. Superoxides 13-29 selectin P Homo sapiens 106-116 7525817-2 1994 We examined the possibility that the leukocytes were activated by their adhesion to activated platelets and demonstrated that P-selectin-dependent platelet adhesion to neutrophils and monocytes induced production of extracellular superoxide anion (O2-) by these leukocytes. Superoxides 230-246 selectin P Homo sapiens 126-136 7525817-2 1994 We examined the possibility that the leukocytes were activated by their adhesion to activated platelets and demonstrated that P-selectin-dependent platelet adhesion to neutrophils and monocytes induced production of extracellular superoxide anion (O2-) by these leukocytes. Superoxides 248-250 selectin P Homo sapiens 126-136 7525817-5 1994 For example, treatments of neutrophils with interleukin-8 (IL-8) or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) potentiated the P-selectin-induced O2- production. Superoxides 149-151 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 68-105 7525817-5 1994 For example, treatments of neutrophils with interleukin-8 (IL-8) or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) potentiated the P-selectin-induced O2- production. Superoxides 149-151 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 107-112 7525817-5 1994 For example, treatments of neutrophils with interleukin-8 (IL-8) or granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) potentiated the P-selectin-induced O2- production. Superoxides 149-151 selectin P Homo sapiens 130-140 7940191-11 1994 Administration of IL-4 significantly reduced the incidence of bacteria positive MLN and increased PMO superoxide production, CAP, CAK, and MLN lymphocyte mitogenesis. Superoxides 102-112 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 18-22 7930587-0 1994 Endothelial cell-associated platelet-activating factor primes neutrophils for enhanced superoxide production and arachidonic acid release during adhesion to but not transmigration across IL-1 beta-treated endothelial monolayers. Superoxides 87-97 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 28-54 7521876-1 1994 We previously reported that activated platelets stimulated neutrophils and monocytes to produce superoxide anion (O2-) through the interaction between P-selectin and its carbohydrate ligand, sialyl Lewis X (sLeX) (Nagata, K., Tsuji, T., Todoroki, N., Katagiri, Y., Tanoue, K., Yamazaki, H., Hanai N., and Irimura, T. (1993) J. Immunol. Superoxides 96-112 selectin P Homo sapiens 151-161 7521876-1 1994 We previously reported that activated platelets stimulated neutrophils and monocytes to produce superoxide anion (O2-) through the interaction between P-selectin and its carbohydrate ligand, sialyl Lewis X (sLeX) (Nagata, K., Tsuji, T., Todoroki, N., Katagiri, Y., Tanoue, K., Yamazaki, H., Hanai N., and Irimura, T. (1993) J. Immunol. Superoxides 114-116 selectin P Homo sapiens 151-161 7521876-5 1994 Granulocyte-like differentiated HL-60 (gHL-60) cells released an increased amount of O2- in response to activated platelets in a P-selectin-dependent manner. Superoxides 85-87 selectin P Homo sapiens 129-139 7943259-3 1994 Eosinophils were isolated by negative immunoselection, and activation with 10(-7) M platelet-activating factor (PAF) was confirmed by measurements of eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) secretion and superoxide (O2-.) Superoxides 192-202 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 84-110 7943259-3 1994 Eosinophils were isolated by negative immunoselection, and activation with 10(-7) M platelet-activating factor (PAF) was confirmed by measurements of eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) secretion and superoxide (O2-.) Superoxides 192-202 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 112-115 7943259-3 1994 Eosinophils were isolated by negative immunoselection, and activation with 10(-7) M platelet-activating factor (PAF) was confirmed by measurements of eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) secretion and superoxide (O2-.) Superoxides 204-206 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 84-110 7943259-3 1994 Eosinophils were isolated by negative immunoselection, and activation with 10(-7) M platelet-activating factor (PAF) was confirmed by measurements of eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) secretion and superoxide (O2-.) Superoxides 204-206 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 112-115 7943259-6 1994 Similarly, PAF-induced O2-. Superoxides 23-25 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 11-14 7802603-6 1994 Eosinophils generated superoxide in response to IL-3 and IL-5 (maximum concentration was 50 ng/ml), but neutrophils did not. Superoxides 22-32 interleukin 3 Homo sapiens 48-52 8556501-5 1994 However, rhG-CSF was able to prime human PMNs and to enhance O2- release stimulated by FMLP in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 61-63 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 13-16 8034626-2 1994 Although Rap1A copurifies with cytochrome b558, a component of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex of human phagocytes and B lymphocytes, the involvement of Rap1A in the regulation of the oxidative burst in these cells has not been clearly established. Superoxides 67-77 RAP1A, member of RAS oncogene family Homo sapiens 9-14 8034626-4 1994 Both the 17N and 63E mutants of Rap1A inhibited phorbol ester-stimulated O2-. Superoxides 73-75 RAP1A, member of RAS oncogene family Homo sapiens 32-37 7988496-5 1994 Neutrophil elastase activities in the supernatants of pulmonary lavaged fluids measured using methoxysuccinyl-alanyl-alanyl-prolyl-valine-4-methylcoumar-7-amide were lower (p < .05) in beige mice than those in the normal littermates, whereas neutrophil recruitment into the airways and production of superoxide anion measured as the superoxide dismutase inhibitable rate of cytochrome c reduction were not impaired. Superoxides 303-319 elastase, neutrophil expressed Mus musculus 0-19 8075245-5 1994 Superoxide dismutase as well as KCN suppressed the radical production, thus being suggestive of the generation of superoxide radicals in the bc1 complex, while the mechanism of O2- production is the same as was suggested for isolated mitochondria. Superoxides 114-133 brain cytoplasmic RNA 1 Rattus norvegicus 141-144 8075245-5 1994 Superoxide dismutase as well as KCN suppressed the radical production, thus being suggestive of the generation of superoxide radicals in the bc1 complex, while the mechanism of O2- production is the same as was suggested for isolated mitochondria. Superoxides 177-179 brain cytoplasmic RNA 1 Rattus norvegicus 141-144 7514638-3 1994 Normal human eosinophils incubated in albumin-coated polystyrene plates released granule protein and produced superoxide anion when stimulated with human recombinant granulocyte-macrophage CSF (rGM-CSF), platelet-activating factor (PAF), or PMA. Superoxides 110-126 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 189-192 8185647-2 1994 This was due to the superoxide anion scavenging property of superoxide dismutase since neutrophil degranulation, cathepsin G and elastase enzymatic activities (the two main mediators of this cell-to-cell interaction) and platelet reactivity were not affected. Superoxides 20-36 cathepsin G Homo sapiens 113-137 7511663-1 1994 Binding of FMLP to the neutrophil N-formyl peptide receptor (FPR) transmits signals through pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins triggering Ca2+ flux, superoxide production, granule exocytosis, and neutrophil aggregation and adhesion involving the beta 2 (CD18) integrins. Superoxides 151-161 formyl peptide receptor 1 Mus musculus 34-59 7511663-1 1994 Binding of FMLP to the neutrophil N-formyl peptide receptor (FPR) transmits signals through pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins triggering Ca2+ flux, superoxide production, granule exocytosis, and neutrophil aggregation and adhesion involving the beta 2 (CD18) integrins. Superoxides 151-161 formyl peptide receptor 1 Mus musculus 61-64 8157360-2 1994 The acquisition of immunogenicity by the H-2Kb-transformed clones following gene transfer is associated with the reduction of constitutive reactive superoxide radicals. Superoxides 148-158 histocompatibility 2, K1, K region Mus musculus 41-46 8157360-3 1994 When the levels of cellular superoxide for the H-2Kb-positive immunogenic clones were determined, they were significantly lower (30 to 60%) than that of the parental K36.16 tumor cells. Superoxides 28-38 histocompatibility 2, K1, K region Mus musculus 47-52 8157360-4 1994 This reduction of superoxide in the H-2Kb-transformed cells was associated with a significant increase in the level of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) and GPX I, together with a reduction in the DNA-binding form of the NF-kappa B transcription factor. Superoxides 18-28 histocompatibility 2, K1, K region Mus musculus 36-41 8157360-6 1994 To further support the role of superoxide anion radicals in tumorigenesis, in vivo depletion of glutathione promoted the tumorigenicity of the H-2Kb-transformed clones in (AKR/J x C57BL/6/J) F1 mice, whereas SOD was able to reduce their tumorigenicity. Superoxides 31-56 histocompatibility 2, K1, K region Mus musculus 143-148 8032542-7 1994 Treatment with IL-2 also caused induction of the superoxide-generating enzyme xanthine oxidase (XO) in tissues and serum and induced bacterial translocation in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). Superoxides 49-59 interleukin 2 Mus musculus 15-19 7914788-7 1994 The protective activity of oxypurinol, amflutizole, superoxide dismutase, NG nitro-L-arginine and quinacrine, also suggests that xanthine oxidase activation, the generation of superoxide radical, and nitrix oxide, as well as phospholipase A2 stimulation are responsible for neuron injury (i.e. LDH release). Superoxides 176-194 phospholipase A2 group IB Rattus norvegicus 225-241 7908174-7 1994 In conclusion, P-selectin mediates the increased leukocyte flux induced by superoxide, whereas PAF and CD18 modulate leukocyte adhesion. Superoxides 75-85 selectin P Homo sapiens 15-25 8174315-2 1994 Exposure of adherent peripheral blood PMN to cytokines known to be present in RA joints (IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, GM-CSF) resulted in enhanced O2- production from both RA and controls. Superoxides 140-142 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 111-117 7533039-3 1994 In addition, superoxide anions play a role in gp120 neurotoxicity since superoxide dismutase also attenuates neurotoxicity. Superoxides 13-30 inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4 Homo sapiens 46-51 7510873-3 1994 Short-term pretreatment (15 min) of GSD 1b neutrophils with G-CSF increased the rate of O2- production (p < 0.01); however, this rate was still significantly below the rate of O2- production in control neutrophils. Superoxides 88-90 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 60-65 7510873-3 1994 Short-term pretreatment (15 min) of GSD 1b neutrophils with G-CSF increased the rate of O2- production (p < 0.01); however, this rate was still significantly below the rate of O2- production in control neutrophils. Superoxides 179-181 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 60-65 7510873-7 1994 In vivo, G-CSF therapy increased f-Met-Leu-Phe-stimulated O2- production to 52% of control after 1 mo, and by mo 4, O2- production reached control levels. Superoxides 58-60 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 9-14 7510873-7 1994 In vivo, G-CSF therapy increased f-Met-Leu-Phe-stimulated O2- production to 52% of control after 1 mo, and by mo 4, O2- production reached control levels. Superoxides 116-118 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 9-14 7510873-9 1994 In vivo administration of G-CSF increased f-Met-Leu-Phe-triggered Ca2+ mobilization by neutrophils to 43% of control by mo 1 of G-CSF therapy and to 93% of control by mo 4, thus paralleling the improvements in O2- generation. Superoxides 210-212 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 26-31 7510873-11 1994 In summary, G-CSF therapy produced a rapid increase in circulating neutrophils and a gradual correction of O2- production. Superoxides 107-109 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 12-17 7506847-10 1994 CD64 signal transduction augmented superoxide anion, hypochlorous acid, and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase production by PMNs of volunteers and group 1. Superoxides 35-51 Fc gamma receptor Ia Homo sapiens 0-4 7505023-4 1993 Freshly isolated alveolar macrophages from control rats were found to produce nitric oxide as well as hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion in response to in vitro treatment with inflammatory mediators such as IFN-gamma or LPS and phorbol esters, respectively. Superoxides 124-140 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 211-220 8244961-3 1993 After a lag, diC8PA caused a high rate of superoxide production (19.6 nmol of cytochrome c reduced/min/10(6) cells). Superoxides 42-52 cytochrome c Cricetulus griseus 78-90 8240339-1 1993 HNP-1 [correction of NHP-1], a member of a family of microbicidal cationic, cystine-rich polypeptides abundant in the azurophilic granules of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) interfered with detergent-induced cell-free activation of superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 235-245 HNP1 Homo sapiens 0-5 8403496-5 1993 On the other hand, MoAbs against Fc gamma RI, Fc gamma RII and especially CR3 could also induce superoxide anion synthesis. Superoxides 96-112 Fc gamma receptor Ia Homo sapiens 33-44 8395827-1 1993 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase system in phagocytes consists of membrane-associated cytochrome b558 and three cytosolic components named p67-phox, p47-phox, and rac p21s. Superoxides 4-14 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 156-159 8342134-4 1993 We therefore undertook this study with the hypothesis that PAF-induced PMN superoxide production requires CD11B-mediated PMN-endothelial cell adherence. Superoxides 75-85 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 59-62 8342134-7 1993 RESULTS: PAF induced prompt changes in PMN priming (increased superoxide production after N-formyl-methyl-leucyl-phenylalanine activation), adhesion to unstimulated endothelial cells, and CD11B receptor expression. Superoxides 62-72 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 9-12 8314788-7 1993 Recombinant cytochrome b558 supported superoxide production in a cell-free assay containing recombinant p47phox, p67phox, and p21Rac. Superoxides 38-48 CYTB Spodoptera frugiperda 12-24 8314788-8 1993 The enzymatic turnover of the partially purified recombinant cytochrome b558 and neutrophil cytochrome b558 were similar (approximately 100-160 mol of superoxide generated/s/mol of cytochrome heme, range of two experiments) and the native and recombinant cytochromes showed similar requirements for NADPH and exogenous FAD. Superoxides 151-161 CYTB Spodoptera frugiperda 61-73 7689895-6 1993 G-CSF treatment also enhanced superoxide anion production by the PMNs in response to f-MLP as determined by the superoxide dismutase inhibitable cytochrome C reduction method. Superoxides 30-46 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 0-5 8396104-9 1993 These findings suggest that superoxide anion may be implicated in the pathogenesis of the pulmonary hypertension induced by TNF in sheep. Superoxides 28-44 tumor necrosis factor Ovis aries 124-127 8396615-3 1993 Lesional esterase-positive cells (suggestive of monocytes/macrophages) from rIFN-gamma-injected sites of many subjects showed net increments in the H2O2 and O2 levels compared to controls. Superoxides 150-152 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 76-86 7684358-2 1993 Neurokinin A (NKA), neurokinin B (NKB) and eledoisin (E) but not kassinin (K) have similar effects to substance P (SP) in priming neutrophils for increased superoxide anion (O2-) production in response to formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP). Superoxides 156-172 tachykinin precursor 3 Homo sapiens 20-32 7684358-5 1993 The priming effect of tachykinins was not confined to a single stimulus, such as FMLP, since NKA, NKB and SP also enhanced O2- production stimulated by platelet-activating factor (PAF), an important mediator of inflammation but a weak stimulus of O2- production on its own. Superoxides 123-125 tachykinin precursor 3 Homo sapiens 98-101 8461525-7 1993 By increasing EDRF production or inhibiting its breakdown, EDRF precursors such as L-arginine, the superoxide radical scavenger superoxide dismutase, nitroglycerin, and nitroprusside all cause vasodilation by increasing NO levels in the setting of myocardial ischemia. Superoxides 99-109 alpha hemoglobin stabilizing protein Homo sapiens 14-18 8461525-7 1993 By increasing EDRF production or inhibiting its breakdown, EDRF precursors such as L-arginine, the superoxide radical scavenger superoxide dismutase, nitroglycerin, and nitroprusside all cause vasodilation by increasing NO levels in the setting of myocardial ischemia. Superoxides 99-109 alpha hemoglobin stabilizing protein Homo sapiens 59-63 8383168-8 1993 PAF also stimulated superoxide anion production alone and in combination with the macrophage activator 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in both cell types. Superoxides 20-36 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 0-3 8381917-3 1993 Erythrocytes sensitized with near maximal levels of aglycosylated IgG3 were able to trigger > 80% of the superoxide generation triggered by the glycosylated antibody from U937 cells induced to differentiate by interferon gamma and the aglycosylated IgG3 gave half maximal responses at sensitization levels only 72% higher than those required by the glycosylated form. Superoxides 108-118 immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 3 (G3m marker) Homo sapiens 66-70 8381917-4 1993 Aglycosylated IgG3 was, however, much less effective in triggering superoxide generation by interferon gamma treated U937 cells at low sensitization levels as threshold responses required only 60 glycosylated IgG3 molecules per erythrocyte compared with 16,000 aglycosylated molecules. Superoxides 67-77 immunoglobulin heavy constant gamma 3 (G3m marker) Homo sapiens 14-18 8357331-4 1993 Although earlier studies suggested that sulfhydryl-containing ACE inhibitors scavenge superoxide anions, recent data have shown that these drugs scavenge hydroxyl radical and hypochlorous acid with no effect on superoxide anion. Superoxides 86-103 angiotensin I converting enzyme Canis lupus familiaris 62-65 8357331-4 1993 Although earlier studies suggested that sulfhydryl-containing ACE inhibitors scavenge superoxide anions, recent data have shown that these drugs scavenge hydroxyl radical and hypochlorous acid with no effect on superoxide anion. Superoxides 86-102 angiotensin I converting enzyme Canis lupus familiaris 62-65 8417002-10 1993 The prolonged increase in mRNA and the decrease in the protein of CuZnSOD in the CA1 neurons seem to imply an important role of the endogenous antioxidant enzyme that protects against the detrimental effects of superoxide radicals on delayed neuronal death. Superoxides 211-221 carbonic anhydrase 1 Rattus norvegicus 81-84 1339007-2 1992 The distribution of superoxide anions in the CNS is based upon the 380 nm chemiluminescence of 2-methyl-6-phenyl-3,7-dihydroimidazo[1,2a] pyrazin-3-one (CLA-phenyl) when it reacts with superoxide anions in frozen tissue sections. Superoxides 20-37 selectin P ligand Homo sapiens 153-156 1384435-6 1992 Similar inhibition by the TK inhibitors and stimulation by the PKC inhibitors were also observed with formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP)-induced superoxide (O2.-) generation by TNF-alpha- or G-CSF-primed PMN. Superoxides 154-164 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 200-205 1384435-6 1992 Similar inhibition by the TK inhibitors and stimulation by the PKC inhibitors were also observed with formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP)-induced superoxide (O2.-) generation by TNF-alpha- or G-CSF-primed PMN. Superoxides 166-168 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 200-205 1329105-12 1992 as an important mediator in CNS O2 toxicity and suggest that ECSOD increases CNS O2 toxicity by inhibiting O2(-)-mediated inactivation of NO. Superoxides 107-112 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 61-66 1468117-3 1992 Both GH and IFN-gamma primed macrophages triggered with opsonized zymosan to secrete superoxide anion (O2-) in vitro, but IFN-gamma was effective at a 40-fold lower concentration. Superoxides 85-101 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 12-21 1468117-3 1992 Both GH and IFN-gamma primed macrophages triggered with opsonized zymosan to secrete superoxide anion (O2-) in vitro, but IFN-gamma was effective at a 40-fold lower concentration. Superoxides 103-105 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 12-21 1365032-0 1992 Recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor stimulates superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide production in human neutrophils. Superoxides 78-94 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 18-66 1365032-7 1992 GM-CSF also induced granulocytes to release superoxide anion (O2-) in a dose-dependent manner, when the respiratory burst was assessed by a conventional cytochrome c reduction assay. Superoxides 44-60 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-6 1365032-7 1992 GM-CSF also induced granulocytes to release superoxide anion (O2-) in a dose-dependent manner, when the respiratory burst was assessed by a conventional cytochrome c reduction assay. Superoxides 62-65 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-6 1365032-8 1992 In contrast to hydrogen superoxide production, GM-CSF significantly (p < 0.001) enhanced f-MLP-stimulated release of superoxide anion over that expected from the additive effects of the two agonists. Superoxides 120-136 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 47-53 1365032-8 1992 In contrast to hydrogen superoxide production, GM-CSF significantly (p < 0.001) enhanced f-MLP-stimulated release of superoxide anion over that expected from the additive effects of the two agonists. Superoxides 120-136 MARCKS like 1 Homo sapiens 94-97 1334711-0 1992 Epstein-Barr virus BCRF1 gene product (viral interleukin 10) inhibits superoxide anion production by human monocytes. Superoxides 70-86 protein UL87 Human gammaherpesvirus 4 19-24 1334711-6 1992 Additions of IFN-gamma, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), which prime monocyte activation and induce O2- production, were also affected by the reciprocal effect of vIL-10. Superoxides 174-176 colony stimulating factor 1 Homo sapiens 62-67 1334711-6 1992 Additions of IFN-gamma, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), which prime monocyte activation and induce O2- production, were also affected by the reciprocal effect of vIL-10. Superoxides 174-176 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 72-120 1334711-6 1992 Additions of IFN-gamma, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), which prime monocyte activation and induce O2- production, were also affected by the reciprocal effect of vIL-10. Superoxides 174-176 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 122-128 1426492-5 1992 Finally, that the rainbow trout oxidase is a multicomponent enzyme was suggested by inhibitor studies, where specific inhibitors of the flavin and cytochrome b-245 components of NADPH oxidase induced significant reduction in superoxide anion production. Superoxides 225-241 cytochrome b Oncorhynchus mykiss 147-159 1325477-2 1992 IFN gamma produced a marked increase in superoxide anion levels when PMA was used to initiate superoxide anion production but had no effect in OPZ-stimulated microglia. Superoxides 40-56 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 0-9 1325477-2 1992 IFN gamma produced a marked increase in superoxide anion levels when PMA was used to initiate superoxide anion production but had no effect in OPZ-stimulated microglia. Superoxides 94-110 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 0-9 1382400-0 1992 [Role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and active oxygen species in hyperthermia--enhancing effect of G-CSF on superoxide generation from PMN]. Superoxides 116-126 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 107-112 1382400-1 1992 We examined in vitro the effect of G-CSF and temperature on superoxide (O2-) generation by Cypridina luciferin analog (CLA) dependent chemiluminescence. Superoxides 60-70 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 35-40 1328038-4 1992 We found that IL-4 could inhibit the priming of macrophages for enhanced superoxide production induced by IFN-gamma although IL-4 when used alone did have some enhancing effect of its own. Superoxides 73-83 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 14-18 1328038-5 1992 This effect of IL-4 on IFN-gamma-primed superoxide production was dose dependent and could be observed even if the treatment by IL-4 was done 24 hr after treatment by IFN-gamma. Superoxides 40-50 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 15-19 1328038-5 1992 This effect of IL-4 on IFN-gamma-primed superoxide production was dose dependent and could be observed even if the treatment by IL-4 was done 24 hr after treatment by IFN-gamma. Superoxides 40-50 interleukin 4 Mus musculus 128-132 1316877-3 1992 These levels of O2- release were similar in magnitude to those of macrophages from rats treated in vivo with IFN-gamma. Superoxides 16-18 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 109-118 1316877-4 1992 In time course in vivo macrophage activation studies, both IFN-gamma and GH significantly increased O2- secretion within 24 h, with maximal secretion occurring at day 3. Superoxides 100-102 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 59-68 1316893-1 1992 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase system in phagocytes consists of at least membrane-associated cytochrome b558 and three cytosolic components named SOCI/NCF-3/sigma 1/C1, SOCII/NCF-1/p47-phox, and SO-CIII/NCF-2/p67-phox. Superoxides 4-14 UBX domain protein 11 Homo sapiens 155-159 1316893-1 1992 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase system in phagocytes consists of at least membrane-associated cytochrome b558 and three cytosolic components named SOCI/NCF-3/sigma 1/C1, SOCII/NCF-1/p47-phox, and SO-CIII/NCF-2/p67-phox. Superoxides 4-14 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 190-193 1316893-11 1992 These results indicate that the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase system is regulated by both smg GDS and rho GDI through rac2 p21 or the rac2-related small G protein in phagocytes. Superoxides 32-42 Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor alpha Homo sapiens 108-115 1316893-11 1992 These results indicate that the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase system is regulated by both smg GDS and rho GDI through rac2 p21 or the rac2-related small G protein in phagocytes. Superoxides 32-42 H3 histone pseudogene 16 Homo sapiens 129-132 1312809-2 1992 When HPPMN were exposed to recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha (rHuTNF-alpha) or recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rG-CSF), they underwent priming and the rate of superoxide anion (O.-2) generation was increased by subsequent exposure to formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) or opsonized zymosan (OZ). Superoxides 196-212 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 109-146 1313435-11 1992 These data strongly suggest that p47 undergoes a continual cycle of phosphorylation and dephosphorylation throughout the period of O2- release when PMA is the stimulus. Superoxides 131-133 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 33-36 1313435-12 1992 Moreover, we show that antagonists of type 1 and 2A protein phosphatases block dephosphorylation of p47 both in vivo and in vitro, indicating that these enzymes may modulate O2- release under certain circumstances. Superoxides 174-176 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 100-103 1312344-2 1992 Cytochrome b558, the terminal electron donor to O2, is an integral membrane heterodimer containing 91- and 22-kDa subunits (gp91-phox and p22-phox, respectively). Superoxides 48-50 calcineurin like EF-hand protein 1 Homo sapiens 138-141 1312371-0 1992 Rapid priming of human monocytes by human hematopoietic growth factors: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF), macrophage-CSF, and interleukin-3 selectively enhance superoxide release triggered by receptor-mediated agonists. Superoxides 182-192 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 72-120 1312371-0 1992 Rapid priming of human monocytes by human hematopoietic growth factors: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF), macrophage-CSF, and interleukin-3 selectively enhance superoxide release triggered by receptor-mediated agonists. Superoxides 182-192 colony stimulating factor 1 Homo sapiens 128-142 1312371-0 1992 Rapid priming of human monocytes by human hematopoietic growth factors: granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (CSF), macrophage-CSF, and interleukin-3 selectively enhance superoxide release triggered by receptor-mediated agonists. Superoxides 182-192 interleukin 3 Homo sapiens 148-161 1312371-5 1992 Enhancement of O2- release by GM-CSF was observed over the complete range of effective concentrations of FMLP (10(-8) to 10(-6) mol/L). Superoxides 15-17 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 30-36 1312371-7 1992 These findings show that GM-CSF, M-CSF, and IL-3 selectively enhance O2- release in human monocytes triggered by receptor-mediated agonists after short-term preincubation. Superoxides 69-71 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 25-31 1312371-7 1992 These findings show that GM-CSF, M-CSF, and IL-3 selectively enhance O2- release in human monocytes triggered by receptor-mediated agonists after short-term preincubation. Superoxides 69-71 colony stimulating factor 1 Homo sapiens 26-31 1312371-7 1992 These findings show that GM-CSF, M-CSF, and IL-3 selectively enhance O2- release in human monocytes triggered by receptor-mediated agonists after short-term preincubation. Superoxides 69-71 interleukin 3 Homo sapiens 44-48 1312372-2 1992 Preliminary studies with CGD suggested that rIFN-gamma treatment enhanced phagocyte oxidase activity and increased superoxide (O2-) production. Superoxides 115-125 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 44-54 1312372-2 1992 Preliminary studies with CGD suggested that rIFN-gamma treatment enhanced phagocyte oxidase activity and increased superoxide (O2-) production. Superoxides 127-129 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 44-54 1312373-7 1992 Approximately 70% of the total Rap1A labeling was associated with the phagolysosomal membrane, the site of assembly of the superoxide-generating system. Superoxides 123-133 RAP1A, member of RAS oncogene family Homo sapiens 31-36 1312373-8 1992 The colocalization and cotranslocation of Rap1A with cytochrome b in resting and activated neutrophils is consistent with a functional association of these two molecules in the intact cell and provides further evidence for a role of this LMWG in the structure or function of the neutrophil superoxide-generating system. Superoxides 290-300 RAP1A, member of RAS oncogene family Homo sapiens 42-47 1312101-0 1992 The effects of eosinophil-granule major basic protein on lung-macrophage superoxide anion generation. Superoxides 73-89 myelin basic protein Cavia porcellus 34-53 1312101-1 1992 The effects of major basic protein (MBP) on superoxide anion release in vitro from normal guinea pig (GP) alveolar macrophages (AM) was determined. Superoxides 44-60 myelin basic protein Cavia porcellus 15-34 1312101-1 1992 The effects of major basic protein (MBP) on superoxide anion release in vitro from normal guinea pig (GP) alveolar macrophages (AM) was determined. Superoxides 44-60 myelin basic protein Cavia porcellus 36-39 1312101-2 1992 Native MBP at 55 micrograms/ml had an immediate effect (reduction) on phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced (p less than 0.01) and spontaneous (p = 0.055) superoxide (O2-) release by GP AMs. Superoxides 157-167 myelin basic protein Cavia porcellus 7-10 1312101-2 1992 Native MBP at 55 micrograms/ml had an immediate effect (reduction) on phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-induced (p less than 0.01) and spontaneous (p = 0.055) superoxide (O2-) release by GP AMs. Superoxides 169-171 myelin basic protein Cavia porcellus 7-10 1312101-4 1992 However, after AMs were incubated with MBP for 48 hours, again there was a significant reduction observed in both PMA-induced (p = 0.01) and spontaneous (p = 0.002) O2- release compared to that of control cultures. Superoxides 165-167 myelin basic protein Cavia porcellus 39-42 1312101-5 1992 The immediate effect of MBP on AM O2- release was not due to cytotoxicity of MBP for AM. Superoxides 34-36 myelin basic protein Cavia porcellus 24-27 1312101-7 1992 The effect of MBP on AM O2- release at 48 hours was progressive over concentrations ranging from 2 to 55 micrograms/ml. Superoxides 24-26 myelin basic protein Cavia porcellus 14-17 1312101-8 1992 These data suggest that native MBP can affect adversely PMA-induced and spontaneous release of O2- by GP AMs and that this effect depends only in part on the cytotoxic properties of MBP. Superoxides 95-97 myelin basic protein Cavia porcellus 31-34 1531037-1 1992 We recently showed that mRNA levels coding the high-affinity Fc gamma receptor for IgG (Fc gamma R-I, CD64) and two of the components of the phagocytic superoxide anion-generating system--the heavy-chain subunit of cytochrome b558 (gp91-phox) and the 47-Kd cytosolic factor (p47-phox)--are modulated by interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). Superoxides 152-168 Fc gamma receptor Ia Homo sapiens 61-78 1531037-1 1992 We recently showed that mRNA levels coding the high-affinity Fc gamma receptor for IgG (Fc gamma R-I, CD64) and two of the components of the phagocytic superoxide anion-generating system--the heavy-chain subunit of cytochrome b558 (gp91-phox) and the 47-Kd cytosolic factor (p47-phox)--are modulated by interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). Superoxides 152-168 Fc gamma receptor Ia Homo sapiens 88-100 1531037-1 1992 We recently showed that mRNA levels coding the high-affinity Fc gamma receptor for IgG (Fc gamma R-I, CD64) and two of the components of the phagocytic superoxide anion-generating system--the heavy-chain subunit of cytochrome b558 (gp91-phox) and the 47-Kd cytosolic factor (p47-phox)--are modulated by interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). Superoxides 152-168 Fc gamma receptor Ia Homo sapiens 102-106 1531037-1 1992 We recently showed that mRNA levels coding the high-affinity Fc gamma receptor for IgG (Fc gamma R-I, CD64) and two of the components of the phagocytic superoxide anion-generating system--the heavy-chain subunit of cytochrome b558 (gp91-phox) and the 47-Kd cytosolic factor (p47-phox)--are modulated by interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). Superoxides 152-168 inhibitor of growth family member 1 Homo sapiens 275-278 1662497-7 1991 These observations indicate that NO(EDRF) can be regarded as a scavenger of superoxide anion and they suggest that EDRF(NO) may provide a chemical barrier to cytotoxic free radicals (.O2-). Superoxides 76-92 alpha hemoglobin stabilizing protein Homo sapiens 36-40 1662497-7 1991 These observations indicate that NO(EDRF) can be regarded as a scavenger of superoxide anion and they suggest that EDRF(NO) may provide a chemical barrier to cytotoxic free radicals (.O2-). Superoxides 76-92 alpha hemoglobin stabilizing protein Homo sapiens 115-119 1720802-0 1991 Recombinant human G-CSF and GM-CSF prime human neutrophils for superoxide production through different signal transduction mechanisms. Superoxides 63-73 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 18-23 1720802-0 1991 Recombinant human G-CSF and GM-CSF prime human neutrophils for superoxide production through different signal transduction mechanisms. Superoxides 63-73 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 28-34 1720802-2 1991 We studied the effects of G-CSF and GM-CSF on neutrophil superoxide production and secretion. Superoxides 57-67 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 36-42 1720802-3 1991 G-CSF and GM-CSF alone stimulated neither superoxide production nor secretion, but both agents primed neutrophils for superoxide production stimulated by either N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) or ionomycin. Superoxides 118-128 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 0-5 1720802-3 1991 G-CSF and GM-CSF alone stimulated neither superoxide production nor secretion, but both agents primed neutrophils for superoxide production stimulated by either N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) or ionomycin. Superoxides 118-128 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 10-16 1668104-3 1991 Pretreatment of PMNs with the phospholipase A2 inhibitor, chloroquine, or the serine protease inhibitor, tosyl-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone, reduced the fMLP-stimulated generation of PAF and also reduced the generation of O2-. Superoxides 227-229 phospholipase A2 Oryctolagus cuniculus 30-46 1668107-0 1991 Effect of platelet-activating factor on tumor necrosis factor-induced superoxide generation from human neutrophils. Superoxides 70-80 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 10-36 1668107-3 1991 PAF alone (0.1 pM to 0.1 nM) failed to evoke superoxide production; however, when PAF was added for 10 min to cells upon prior incubation with 10 ng/mL TNF for 50 min, superoxide production was significantly enhanced as compared to that induced by TNF alone. Superoxides 168-178 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 82-85 1668107-6 1991 Pretreatment of the PMN with either pertussis or cholera toxin attenuated the PAF amplified superoxide production in TNF stimulated cells, suggesting that G proteins sensitive to these toxins may be involved in the mechanisms controlling amplification. Superoxides 92-102 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 78-81 1668119-0 1991 Role of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in superoxide production by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Superoxides 44-54 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 8-34 1668119-0 1991 Role of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in superoxide production by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Superoxides 44-54 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 36-39 1668119-1 1991 The effect of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in superoxide production by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was studied. Superoxides 50-60 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 14-40 1668119-1 1991 The effect of platelet-activating factor (PAF) in superoxide production by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was studied. Superoxides 50-60 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 42-45 1668119-3 1991 PAF induced superoxide generation in human PMN in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 12-22 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 0-3 1668119-4 1991 Preincubation with a small amount of PAF (5 x 10(-9) M) enhanced PMN superoxide release induced by various stimuli, such as phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), opsonized zymosan (OZ), calcium ionophore (A23187) and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP). Superoxides 69-79 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 37-40 1668119-5 1991 The PAF antagonist, CV-6209, inhibited superoxide production induced by PAF, but not that induced by other stimuli. Superoxides 39-49 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 4-7 1668119-5 1991 The PAF antagonist, CV-6209, inhibited superoxide production induced by PAF, but not that induced by other stimuli. Superoxides 39-49 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 72-75 1833457-2 1991 By using site-specific mutants of a chimeric antibody (mouse V H domain and L chain; human IgG3 C H domains), we have demonstrated that human Fc gamma RI interacts with a site in the lower hinge of human IgG (residues 234 to 237) and that this interaction dictates Fc gamma RI-mediated superoxide generation. Superoxides 286-296 Fc gamma receptor Ia Homo sapiens 142-153 1653237-2 1991 Phagocyte superoxide (O2-) response is primed by a variety of physiologic compounds including the neutrophil secretory proteases cathepsin G and elastase. Superoxides 10-20 cathepsin G Homo sapiens 129-153 1653237-2 1991 Phagocyte superoxide (O2-) response is primed by a variety of physiologic compounds including the neutrophil secretory proteases cathepsin G and elastase. Superoxides 22-24 cathepsin G Homo sapiens 129-153 1646607-7 1991 PAF increased the production of superoxide anion (O2-) by human alveolar macrophages in a dose- dependent manner. Superoxides 32-48 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 0-3 1646607-7 1991 PAF increased the production of superoxide anion (O2-) by human alveolar macrophages in a dose- dependent manner. Superoxides 50-52 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 0-3 1646607-8 1991 The effects of PAF on [Ca2+]i and (O2-) could be blocked by the PAF-specific antagonist WEB 2086 dose dependently, indicating a receptor-mediated event. Superoxides 35-37 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 15-18 1646607-8 1991 The effects of PAF on [Ca2+]i and (O2-) could be blocked by the PAF-specific antagonist WEB 2086 dose dependently, indicating a receptor-mediated event. Superoxides 35-37 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 64-67 1650966-0 1991 Involvement of superoxide anion and platelet-activating factor in increased tissue-type plasminogen activator during rat gastric microvascular damages. Superoxides 15-31 plasminogen activator, tissue type Rattus norvegicus 76-109 1650966-5 1991 Pretreatment of SOD or allopurinol significantly attenuated the irritation-induced t-PA activation, suggesting that the t-PA activity was modulated by xanthine oxidase-associated superoxide anions. Superoxides 179-189 plasminogen activator, tissue type Rattus norvegicus 83-87 1650966-5 1991 Pretreatment of SOD or allopurinol significantly attenuated the irritation-induced t-PA activation, suggesting that the t-PA activity was modulated by xanthine oxidase-associated superoxide anions. Superoxides 179-189 plasminogen activator, tissue type Rattus norvegicus 120-124 1874796-9 1991 An additional proposed biological function of EDRF(NO) is cytoprotection by virtue of scavenging superoxide radicals. Superoxides 97-107 alpha hemoglobin stabilizing protein Homo sapiens 46-50 1672790-4 1991 In addition, GM-CSF primed the neutrophils of the patient to an enhanced release of superoxide anions. Superoxides 84-101 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 13-19 1849050-4 1991 Sal and Sin B were able to inhibit gossypol-induced superoxide anion generation in rat liver microsomes. Superoxides 52-68 polymerase (RNA) III (DNA directed) polypeptide E Mus musculus 8-11 1647806-2 1991 All compounds were potent inhibitors of formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP)- and platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced superoxide anion generation, beta-glucuronidase release and Ca++ influx. Superoxides 131-147 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 118-121 1649082-0 1991 Effects of ceruloplasmin on superoxide-dependent iron release from ferritin and lipid peroxidation. Superoxides 28-38 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 11-24 1649082-1 1991 Ceruloplasmin (CP) effectively inhibited superoxide and ferritin-dependent peroxidation of phospholipid liposomes, using xanthine oxidase or gamma irradiation of water as sources of superoxide. Superoxides 41-51 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 0-13 1649082-1 1991 Ceruloplasmin (CP) effectively inhibited superoxide and ferritin-dependent peroxidation of phospholipid liposomes, using xanthine oxidase or gamma irradiation of water as sources of superoxide. Superoxides 41-51 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 15-17 1649082-1 1991 Ceruloplasmin (CP) effectively inhibited superoxide and ferritin-dependent peroxidation of phospholipid liposomes, using xanthine oxidase or gamma irradiation of water as sources of superoxide. Superoxides 182-192 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 0-13 1649082-1 1991 Ceruloplasmin (CP) effectively inhibited superoxide and ferritin-dependent peroxidation of phospholipid liposomes, using xanthine oxidase or gamma irradiation of water as sources of superoxide. Superoxides 182-192 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 15-17 1649082-2 1991 In addition, CP inhibited superoxide-dependent mobilization of iron from ferritin, suggesting that CP inhibited lipid peroxidation by decreasing the availability of iron from ferritin. Superoxides 26-36 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 13-15 1649082-2 1991 In addition, CP inhibited superoxide-dependent mobilization of iron from ferritin, suggesting that CP inhibited lipid peroxidation by decreasing the availability of iron from ferritin. Superoxides 26-36 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 99-101 1649082-3 1991 CP also exhibited some superoxide scavenging activity as evidenced by its inhibition of superoxide-dependent cytochrome c reduction. Superoxides 23-33 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 0-2 1649082-3 1991 CP also exhibited some superoxide scavenging activity as evidenced by its inhibition of superoxide-dependent cytochrome c reduction. Superoxides 88-98 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 0-2 1649082-4 1991 However, superoxide scavenging by CP did not quantitatively account for its inhibitory effects on iron release. Superoxides 9-19 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 34-36 1649082-9 1991 Collectively these data suggest that CP inhibits superoxide and ferritin-dependent lipid peroxidation via its ability to incorporate reductively-mobilized iron into ferritin. Superoxides 49-59 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 37-39 1663143-0 1991 Effect of recombinant human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor on neutrophil superoxide production. Superoxides 91-101 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 28-76 1663143-1 1991 Recombinant human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) induced significant superoxide production in human neutrophils within 30 minutes after addition of stimulus and the response was complete within 2 hr. Superoxides 96-106 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 18-66 1663143-1 1991 Recombinant human granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) induced significant superoxide production in human neutrophils within 30 minutes after addition of stimulus and the response was complete within 2 hr. Superoxides 96-106 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 68-74 1663143-3 1991 Using a panel of pharmacologic inhibitors, we sought to compare GM-CSF-induced neutrophil superoxide to that produced by cells exposed to N-formyl methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMet-Leu-Phe) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA). Superoxides 90-100 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 64-70 1663143-7 1991 Cytochalasin B totally inhibited superoxide induced by GM-CSF under conditions that promote the fMet-Leu-Phe-induced response. Superoxides 33-43 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 55-61 1663143-10 1991 Superoxide secretion from GM-CSF-treated neutrophils appears to be a direct, delayed response that requires assembly of microfilaments during exposure to the cytokine. Superoxides 0-10 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 26-32 1667183-3 1991 Preincubation with human recombinant granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor for 30 min or platelet-activating factor for 10 min resulted in augmented O2- generation by eosinophils from control, but not from asthmatic children, indicating a possible in vivo priming of eosinophils in asthma. Superoxides 160-162 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 37-85 1722549-6 1991 Both GM-CSF and G-CSF induced in vitro amplification of (a) O2- production in response to fmet-leu-phe (FMLP) (b) phagocytosis and killing of C. albicans and (c) killing of S. aureus. Superoxides 60-62 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 5-11 1722549-6 1991 Both GM-CSF and G-CSF induced in vitro amplification of (a) O2- production in response to fmet-leu-phe (FMLP) (b) phagocytosis and killing of C. albicans and (c) killing of S. aureus. Superoxides 60-62 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 16-21 2265254-7 1990 All full-length and C-terminal recombinant p47-phox proteins augmented the superoxide-generating capacity of the cell-free system and were phosphorylated when added to cytosol from normal subjects or from a patient with p47-deficient autosomal CGD. Superoxides 75-85 pleckstrin Homo sapiens 43-46 1966845-5 1990 In the presence of calmodulin inhibitors, FMLP-induced chemotaxis and superoxide anion production were strongly suppressed, whereas 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol(OAG)(a direct activator of protein kinase C)-induced superoxide anion production was not affected. Superoxides 70-86 calmodulin-3 Cavia porcellus 19-29 1966845-5 1990 In the presence of calmodulin inhibitors, FMLP-induced chemotaxis and superoxide anion production were strongly suppressed, whereas 1-oleoyl-2-acetylglycerol(OAG)(a direct activator of protein kinase C)-induced superoxide anion production was not affected. Superoxides 211-227 calmodulin-3 Cavia porcellus 19-29 1702900-6 1990 When a recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) was intravenously injected, superoxide production did not change in either GF or CV neutrophils, but the myeloperoxidase activity of neutrophils in both types of rats decreased. Superoxides 101-111 colony stimulating factor 3 Homo sapiens 25-62 1964761-0 1990 Differential inhibition by nedocromil sodium of superoxide generation elicited by platelet activating factor in human neutrophils. Superoxides 48-58 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 82-108 1964761-1 1990 Nedocromil sodium (10(-10) - 10(-9) M) produced a dose-related inhibition of superoxide anion generation induced by platelet activating factor (PAF) in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Superoxides 77-93 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 116-142 1964761-1 1990 Nedocromil sodium (10(-10) - 10(-9) M) produced a dose-related inhibition of superoxide anion generation induced by platelet activating factor (PAF) in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Superoxides 77-93 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 144-147 1964761-4 1990 The preferential inhibitory effects of nedocromil sodium on PAF-induced activation of superoxide generation may provide insight into the therapeutic action of this drug as an anti-asthmatic agent. Superoxides 86-96 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 60-63 2240225-1 1990 The objective of this study was to assess whether superoxide and leukocyte adhesion glycoproteins (CD18) mediate the leukocyte adherence to mesenteric microvessels and increased intestinal microvascular permeability induced by platelet-activating factor (PAF). Superoxides 50-60 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 227-253 2240225-1 1990 The objective of this study was to assess whether superoxide and leukocyte adhesion glycoproteins (CD18) mediate the leukocyte adherence to mesenteric microvessels and increased intestinal microvascular permeability induced by platelet-activating factor (PAF). Superoxides 50-60 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 255-258 2240225-6 1990 Adherence of PAF-activated cat neutrophils to plastic was reduced only by MoAb IB4, suggesting that PAF-induced leukocyte adherence is mediated by both CD18 and superoxide and that endothelium is necessary for the superoxide-mediated adhesion. Superoxides 161-171 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 13-16 2240225-6 1990 Adherence of PAF-activated cat neutrophils to plastic was reduced only by MoAb IB4, suggesting that PAF-induced leukocyte adherence is mediated by both CD18 and superoxide and that endothelium is necessary for the superoxide-mediated adhesion. Superoxides 161-171 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 100-103 2240225-6 1990 Adherence of PAF-activated cat neutrophils to plastic was reduced only by MoAb IB4, suggesting that PAF-induced leukocyte adherence is mediated by both CD18 and superoxide and that endothelium is necessary for the superoxide-mediated adhesion. Superoxides 214-224 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 13-16 2240225-6 1990 Adherence of PAF-activated cat neutrophils to plastic was reduced only by MoAb IB4, suggesting that PAF-induced leukocyte adherence is mediated by both CD18 and superoxide and that endothelium is necessary for the superoxide-mediated adhesion. Superoxides 214-224 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 100-103 2240225-8 1990 These data indicate that the increased microvascular permeability induced by PAF can be attenuated when leukocyte adherence to microvascular endothelium is reduced using molecules that either bind to CD18 adhesive glycoproteins or scavenge superoxide. Superoxides 240-250 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 77-80 15374469-1 1990 The radical scavenging activity of oxidized and reduced idebenone (ID-O and ID-H, respectively) against superoxide radical (O2(-*) was studied in vitro using two methods: (1) O2(-*) radicals were generated enzymatically in a hypoxanthine (HPX)-xanthine oxidase (XOD) system and detected by 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) spin trapping. Superoxides 104-122 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 67-71 15374469-1 1990 The radical scavenging activity of oxidized and reduced idebenone (ID-O and ID-H, respectively) against superoxide radical (O2(-*) was studied in vitro using two methods: (1) O2(-*) radicals were generated enzymatically in a hypoxanthine (HPX)-xanthine oxidase (XOD) system and detected by 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) spin trapping. Superoxides 104-122 isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1 Homo sapiens 76-80 15374469-3 1990 ID-O reacted about 12-fold quicker (k = 4.48 x 10(4) M(-1)s(-1)) with the O2(-*) radicals than ID-H (k = 3.62 x 10(3) M(-1)s(-1)) x (2) O2(-*) radicals were generated chemically in potassium superoxide (KO2)-crown ether system. Superoxides 74-76 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 15374469-3 1990 ID-O reacted about 12-fold quicker (k = 4.48 x 10(4) M(-1)s(-1)) with the O2(-*) radicals than ID-H (k = 3.62 x 10(3) M(-1)s(-1)) x (2) O2(-*) radicals were generated chemically in potassium superoxide (KO2)-crown ether system. Superoxides 136-138 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 15374469-6 1990 These experiments also revealed that ID-O possesses an O2(-*) radical scavenging activity, whereas ID-H reacts quantitatively much slower. Superoxides 55-57 indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 37-41 1702455-0 1990 Increased superoxide anion release from chondrocytes in response to interleukin 1 and interferons. Superoxides 10-26 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 68-81 1702455-1 1990 In order to investigate a possible mechanism of degradation of cartilage matrix in chronic inflammation, superoxide anion (O2-) release from chondrocytes after stimulation with interleukin 1 (IL 1) and interferons (IFNs) has been studied. Superoxides 105-121 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 177-196 1702455-1 1990 In order to investigate a possible mechanism of degradation of cartilage matrix in chronic inflammation, superoxide anion (O2-) release from chondrocytes after stimulation with interleukin 1 (IL 1) and interferons (IFNs) has been studied. Superoxides 123-125 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 177-196 2167293-3 1990 The priming of PMN superoxide production normally seen after in vitro GM-CSF exposure was also blunted in these cells. Superoxides 19-29 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 70-76 2167293-5 1990 Pentoxifylline, but not butanol, also reversed the effects of in vitro GM-CSF on PMN superoxide production. Superoxides 85-95 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 71-77 1975264-0 1990 Fc gamma RII-mediated superoxide production by phagocytes is augmented by GM-CSF without a change in Fc gamma RII expression. Superoxides 22-32 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 74-80 1975264-7 1990 Whilst GM-CSF induced neutrophil superoxide production in response to cross-linking Fc gamma RII, there was no concomitant change in Fc gamma RII expression either in in vitro studies of neutrophils from healthy individuals or in in vivo studies of patients receiving GM-CSF. Superoxides 33-43 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 7-13 2174565-2 1990 Both PG12 and EDRF are readily degraded by free radicals, especially superoxide anion. Superoxides 69-85 alpha hemoglobin stabilizing protein Homo sapiens 14-18 2165948-0 1990 Interferon-gamma-induced priming for secretion of superoxide anion and tumor necrosis factor-alpha declines in macrophages from aged rats. Superoxides 50-66 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 0-16 2165948-2 1990 The production of O2- by macrophages in response to opsonized-zymosan and recombinant rat IFN-gamma is 75% lower in 23-month-old rats than in 3-month-old rats. Superoxides 18-20 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 90-99 2168472-5 1990 Following intratracheal instillation of 15, 75, or 150 mg of Poly-I:C, we observed a dose-dependent increase in Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis, a dose-independent tumoricidal activity directed against xenogeneic P815 murine mastocytoma target cells, and a dose-independent decrease in superoxide anion (O2-) generation. Superoxides 288-304 Fc receptor Mus musculus 112-123 2168472-5 1990 Following intratracheal instillation of 15, 75, or 150 mg of Poly-I:C, we observed a dose-dependent increase in Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis, a dose-independent tumoricidal activity directed against xenogeneic P815 murine mastocytoma target cells, and a dose-independent decrease in superoxide anion (O2-) generation. Superoxides 306-308 Fc receptor Mus musculus 112-123 1697194-13 1990 The NK2 receptor agonist [beta-Ala8]-NKA (4-10) dose-dependently evoked O2-. Superoxides 72-74 substance-K receptor Cavia porcellus 4-16 2155231-9 1990 The different hGM-CSF forms induced neutrophil superoxide anion production by a variable amount depending on the extent of N-linked glycosylation. Superoxides 47-63 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 14-21 2159354-0 1990 Modulation of superoxide anion release from human polymorphonuclear cells by Met- and Leu-enkephalin. Superoxides 14-30 prodynorphin Homo sapiens 86-100 2159354-1 1990 The present work describes the ability of Met- and Leu-enkephalin to modulate the superoxide anion (O2-) release from unstimulated human polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and from PMN stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Superoxides 82-98 prodynorphin Homo sapiens 51-65 2159354-1 1990 The present work describes the ability of Met- and Leu-enkephalin to modulate the superoxide anion (O2-) release from unstimulated human polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and from PMN stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Superoxides 100-102 prodynorphin Homo sapiens 51-65 2159354-4 1990 PMNs collected from donors with medium baseline reactivity incubated with Leu-enkephalin regardless of concentration released less O2- than control, nontreated PMNs. Superoxides 131-133 prodynorphin Homo sapiens 74-88 2159354-6 1990 Superoxide anion release from PMNs of individuals with high baseline reactivity was concentration dependent and suppressed by Met- and Leu-enkephalin. Superoxides 0-16 prodynorphin Homo sapiens 135-149 2159354-7 1990 Leu-enkephalin induced baseline reactivity was dependent upon progressive increase in the magnitude of change on O2- release (i.e., the higher the baseline the higher the magnitude of change in O2- generation). Superoxides 113-115 prodynorphin Homo sapiens 0-14 2159354-7 1990 Leu-enkephalin induced baseline reactivity was dependent upon progressive increase in the magnitude of change on O2- release (i.e., the higher the baseline the higher the magnitude of change in O2- generation). Superoxides 194-196 prodynorphin Homo sapiens 0-14 2312718-4 1990 PTH and IL-1-stimulated bone resorption was inhibited by both natural and recombinant superoxide dismutase, an enzyme that depletes tissues of superoxide anions. Superoxides 143-160 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 8-12 2157034-2 1990 Their superoxide production at rest and following stimulation with either serum-treated zymosan (STZ) or phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) was measured by cytochrome-c reduction. Superoxides 6-16 cytochrome c, somatic Equus caballus 153-165 2082835-3 1990 The thioredoxin reductase/thioredoxin system has been shown to reduce superoxide anion radicals through hydrogen peroxide to water. Superoxides 70-95 peroxiredoxin 5 Homo sapiens 4-25 2082835-3 1990 The thioredoxin reductase/thioredoxin system has been shown to reduce superoxide anion radicals through hydrogen peroxide to water. Superoxides 70-95 thioredoxin Homo sapiens 4-15 2153021-8 1990 The data suggest that alterations in the assembly and function of the NADPH oxidase may contribute to enhanced superoxide secretion by wound neutrophils. Superoxides 111-121 NADPH oxidase 1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 70-83 2386536-6 1990 Our findings indicate that: 1) The significant increase in GST activity suggests their induction aimed at counteracting the oxidant stress induced during exercise; 2) The significant increase in xanthine oxidase and SOD activities indicates the generation of more superoxide anion radicals and their removal, respectively. Superoxides 264-289 hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase Rattus norvegicus 59-62 2167520-3 1990 When T-2 toxin was administered to mice at sublethal doses (0.50-1.00 mg/kg/24 hr), the levels of lysosomal and cytoplasmic enzyme activity and the generation of superoxide anion were significantly enhanced as compared to controls. Superoxides 162-178 brachyury 2 Mus musculus 5-8 34438314-7 2021 In addition, BG1 and BG3 reduced in vivo the lipid peroxidation, increased the nitric oxide, especially at 14 days and improved superoxide dismutase activity, mainly in BG1 treated animals. Superoxides 128-138 acyl-CoA synthetase bubblegum family member 1 Homo sapiens 13-16 34438314-7 2021 In addition, BG1 and BG3 reduced in vivo the lipid peroxidation, increased the nitric oxide, especially at 14 days and improved superoxide dismutase activity, mainly in BG1 treated animals. Superoxides 128-138 acyl-CoA synthetase bubblegum family member 1 Homo sapiens 169-172 34638028-3 2021 Herein we focus on two enzymes that are key to the biosynthesis of superoxide and nitric oxide, NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), respectively. Superoxides 67-77 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 96-111 34638028-3 2021 Herein we focus on two enzymes that are key to the biosynthesis of superoxide and nitric oxide, NADPH oxidase 5 (NOX5) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), respectively. Superoxides 67-77 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 113-117 34539384-7 2021 The subsequent experiment suggested that inhibition of PDE4D in the prefrontal cortex rescued the long-term potentiation (LTP) and synaptic proteins" expression; it also increased antioxidant response by increasing superoxide dismutase (SOD) and decreasing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Superoxides 215-225 phosphodiesterase 4D, cAMP specific Mus musculus 55-60 34439484-0 2021 Neonatal Extracellular Superoxide Dismutase Knockout Mice Increase Total Superoxide Dismutase Activity and VEGF Expression after Chronic Hyperoxia. Superoxides 73-83 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 9-43 34439484-2 2021 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) is an enzyme that processes superoxide radicals and has been shown to facilitate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and nitric oxide (NO) signaling in vascular endothelium. Superoxides 70-80 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 0-34 34133924-6 2021 Moreover, Gpx4-deficient Treg cells elevate generation of mitochondrial superoxide and production of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) that facilitates T helper 17 (TH17) responses. Superoxides 72-82 glutathione peroxidase 4 Homo sapiens 10-14 35321825-8 2022 M2-Exo treatment also suppressed reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde production and improved the reduction of superoxide dismutase activity. Superoxides 118-128 5'-3' exoribonuclease 1 Mus musculus 3-6 35531284-7 2022 Moreover, EP4 and EP5 could significantly protect human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) from H2O2-induced oxidative damage by increasing the levels of antioxidant enzyme systems including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) to reduce the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) (60.51 and 51.74% of model group) and malondialdehyde (MDA) (75.36 and 64.45% of model group). Superoxides 198-208 prostaglandin E receptor 4 Homo sapiens 10-13 35395335-8 2022 Finally, the intracellular levels of ROS, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione in C3A and HepG2-hCYP1A1 exposed to BPAF were all moderately increased, while unchanged in HepG2 cells. Superoxides 42-52 cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 104-111 35384915-6 2022 TRPM3 activation provokes an outbreak of pulsatile superoxide production (mitoflash) that comes in the form of a surge in frequency being tunable. Superoxides 51-61 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 3 Homo sapiens 0-5 35089811-10 2022 Together, our data demonstrate that ECV exposure activates NADPH oxidase and uncouples eNOS, causing a vicious cycle of superoxide generation and vascular oxidant stress that triggers VED and hypertension with predisposition to other cardiovascular disease. Superoxides 120-130 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 87-91 35066972-7 2022 Moreover, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone similarly enhanced the stimulatory effect of corticotropin-releasing hormone on intracellular reactive oxygen species levels and superoxide dismutase activity but did not influence the inhibitory effect on endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity, nitric oxide release and catalase activity. Superoxides 176-186 corticotropin releasing hormone Homo sapiens 92-123 35485210-9 2022 Moreover, LINC01606 protected colon cancer cells from ferroptosis by decreasing the concentration of iron, lipid reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial superoxide and increasing mitochondrial membrane potential. Superoxides 152-162 long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1606 Homo sapiens 10-19 35326667-5 2022 Molecularly, stressed cancer cells increase mitochondrial superoxide production, which activates the transforming growth factor-beta pathway through src directly within mitochondria, ultimately activating focal adhesion kinase Pyk2. Superoxides 58-68 protein tyrosine kinase 2 beta Homo sapiens 227-231 35424823-3 2022 Control and quenching experiments confirmed the occurrence of a radical pathway and superoxide radical anion alpha-oxygenation reactions, and also provided strong evidence for the reductive quenching of (Acr+-Mes)BF4 based on a Stern-Volmer plot, which led to the proposed mechanism of this reaction. Superoxides 84-108 acrosin Homo sapiens 204-207 35360337-5 2022 Arabidopsis fsd1 mutants showed lower capacity to decompose superoxide at low Cu2+ concentrations in the medium. Superoxides 60-70 Fe superoxide dismutase 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 12-16 35226569-6 2022 Subsequently, the activities of superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, and reactive oxygen species revealed the level of oxidative stress injury after miR-34a-5p and MDM4 knockdown. Superoxides 32-42 MDM4 regulator of p53 Homo sapiens 166-170 35222798-6 2022 Moreover, VEGFR-3 knockdown significantly inhibited cardiac lymphangiogenesis in mice, resulting in exacerbation of tissue edema, hypertrophy, fibrosis superoxide production, inflammation, and heart failure (HF). Superoxides 152-162 FMS-like tyrosine kinase 4 Mus musculus 10-17 35174211-8 2021 Increased superoxide formation in the brain was mirrored by a downregulation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (Nos3) and transcription factor Foxo3 genes, whereas Vcam1 mRNA, a marker for inflammation was upregulated in all noise exposure groups. Superoxides 10-20 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 112-116 35079639-1 2022 Superoxide generated by NADPH Oxidase 5 (Nox5) is regulated by Ca2+ through the interaction of its self-contained Ca2+ binding domain and dehydrogenase domain (DH). Superoxides 0-10 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 24-39 35079639-1 2022 Superoxide generated by NADPH Oxidase 5 (Nox5) is regulated by Ca2+ through the interaction of its self-contained Ca2+ binding domain and dehydrogenase domain (DH). Superoxides 0-10 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 41-45 35000528-6 2022 Stimulation through HR led to marked increases in cellular apoptosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and superoxide generation in H9c2 cells, which were rescued with knockdown of Foxp1 by siRNA. Superoxides 101-111 forkhead box P1 Rattus norvegicus 175-180 2553311-0 1989 Production of interleukin 1-like factor from human peripheral blood monocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes by superoxide anion: the role of interleukin 1 and reactive oxygen species in inflamed sites. Superoxides 114-130 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 14-27 2553311-3 1989 O2-, but not H2O2, could induce an IL-1-like factor(s) from monocytes and PMNs. Superoxides 0-2 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 35-39 2553311-4 1989 IL-1-like activity from monocytes and PMNs induced by O2- was due to de novo synthesis because no IL-1-like activity was found in culture supernatants and in the lysate of unstimulated cells. Superoxides 54-56 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 0-4 2553311-7 1989 These results suggest that production of an IL-1-like factor(s) from monocytes and PMNs was due to O2- stimulation. Superoxides 99-101 interleukin 1 alpha Homo sapiens 44-48 2556346-0 1989 Fc receptor density, MHC antigen expression and superoxide production are increased in interferon-gamma-treated microglia isolated from adult rat brain. Superoxides 48-58 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 87-103 2556346-1 1989 Treatment of microglia isolated from adult rat brain with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) at a concentration of 1 U/ml resulted in enhanced expression of Fc receptors and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and increased production of superoxide anions. Superoxides 244-261 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 58-74 2556346-1 1989 Treatment of microglia isolated from adult rat brain with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) at a concentration of 1 U/ml resulted in enhanced expression of Fc receptors and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens and increased production of superoxide anions. Superoxides 244-261 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 76-85 2551966-5 1989 Stimulatory receptor moieties were formed by cross-linking Fc gamma RI with receptor-specific mAb that are known to trigger superoxide anion release. Superoxides 124-140 Fc gamma receptor Ia Homo sapiens 59-70 2552811-11 1989 These results suggest that ceruloplasmin may act as an anti-inflammatory agent by reducing the number of PMNs attaching to endothelium and by acting as an extracellular scavenger of superoxide. Superoxides 182-192 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 27-40 2553603-0 1989 C1q binding to human vascular smooth muscle cells mediates immune complex deposition and superoxide generation. Superoxides 89-99 complement C1q A chain Homo sapiens 0-3 2545809-0 1989 Effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor on superoxide production in cytoplasts and intact human neutrophils: role of protein kinase and G-proteins. Superoxides 62-72 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 10-58 2545809-1 1989 Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, GM-CSF, potentiates superoxide generation produced by human neutrophils stimulated with fMet-Leu-Phe and platelet-activating factor, PAF, but not by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or opsonized zymosan. Superoxides 70-80 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 0-48 2545809-1 1989 Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, GM-CSF, potentiates superoxide generation produced by human neutrophils stimulated with fMet-Leu-Phe and platelet-activating factor, PAF, but not by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) or opsonized zymosan. Superoxides 70-80 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 50-56 2546554-2 1989 EPO release and Ca2+ mobilization occurred at lower concentrations of PAF (EC50 values of 1.3 nM and 11.5 nM, respectively) while .O2- production was observed at higher concentrations (EC50 of 31.7 microM). Superoxides 131-133 eosinophil peroxidase Cavia porcellus 0-3 2545495-5 1989 EDRF is rapidly inactivated by hemoglobin and superoxide. Superoxides 46-56 alpha hemoglobin stabilizing protein Homo sapiens 0-4 2541203-4 1989 Monocytes incubated with either IFN-gamma or LPS became "primed" and released greater amounts of O2- in response to stimuli. Superoxides 97-99 interferon regulatory factor 6 Homo sapiens 45-48 2541203-7 1989 When glucocorticoids were co-incubated with IFN-gamma or LPS, the effect of hydrocortisone and other active steroids was blocked, and the monocytes released high O2-. Superoxides 162-164 interferon regulatory factor 6 Homo sapiens 57-60 2541203-8 1989 However, when monocytes were preincubated with hydrocortisone for 24 h before addition of IFN-gamma or LPS, priming for enhanced O2- production by LPS was partially inhibited whereas there was no effect on IFN-gamma priming. Superoxides 129-131 interferon regulatory factor 6 Homo sapiens 103-106 2541203-8 1989 However, when monocytes were preincubated with hydrocortisone for 24 h before addition of IFN-gamma or LPS, priming for enhanced O2- production by LPS was partially inhibited whereas there was no effect on IFN-gamma priming. Superoxides 129-131 interferon regulatory factor 6 Homo sapiens 147-150 2541203-13 1989 LPS-induced secretion of TNF-alpha and IL-1 beta was completely blocked by hydrocortisone, but the priming effect of LPS on O2- release was only partly blocked. Superoxides 124-126 interferon regulatory factor 6 Homo sapiens 117-120 2548692-7 1989 These results indicate that the production of superoxide radical increases in plasma membrane samples prepared from regressing rat corpora lutea and that this increase is mainly due to the products of phospholipase A2 and cyclooxygenase activity. Superoxides 46-64 phospholipase A2 group IB Rattus norvegicus 201-217 2541141-1 1989 When human granulocytes that have been primed with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSFrh) are activated by ligands that stimulate the respiratory burst, the amount of superoxide anion (O2-) they generate is significantly increased. Superoxides 206-222 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 69-117 2541141-1 1989 When human granulocytes that have been primed with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSFrh) are activated by ligands that stimulate the respiratory burst, the amount of superoxide anion (O2-) they generate is significantly increased. Superoxides 224-226 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 69-117 2540792-0 1989 Enhancement of superoxide anion release by granulocytes harvested from patients receiving granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Superoxides 15-31 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 90-138 2540792-1 1989 We examined the rate and quantity of superoxide anion (O2-) generation by granulocytes harvested from the blood of patients before and after a 12-24 h constant intravenous infusion with recombinant human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSFrh). Superoxides 55-57 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 204-252 2542037-6 1989 Vascular and nonvascular relaxant responses to both EDRF and NO were inhibited by oxyhemoglobin, methylene blue or superoxide, and were enhanced by superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 115-125 alpha hemoglobin stabilizing protein Homo sapiens 52-56 2535839-5 1989 However, the extent of the superoxide scavenging of CP did not quantitatively account for its effects on iron release, suggesting that CP inhibits superoxide-dependent mobilization of ferritin iron independently of its ability to scavenge superoxide. Superoxides 147-157 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 135-137 2535839-5 1989 However, the extent of the superoxide scavenging of CP did not quantitatively account for its effects on iron release, suggesting that CP inhibits superoxide-dependent mobilization of ferritin iron independently of its ability to scavenge superoxide. Superoxides 147-157 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 135-137 2535839-10 1989 These data suggest that CP inhibits superoxide and ferritin-dependent lipid peroxidation largely via its ability to reincorporate reductively mobilized iron back into ferritin. Superoxides 36-46 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 24-26 2553551-4 1989 To test this hypothesis, FABP was examined for scavenging against free radicals such as the superoxide anion (O2-), hydroxyl radical (OH.) Superoxides 92-108 glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2 Homo sapiens 25-29 2553551-4 1989 To test this hypothesis, FABP was examined for scavenging against free radicals such as the superoxide anion (O2-), hydroxyl radical (OH.) Superoxides 110-112 glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2 Homo sapiens 25-29 2553551-9 1989 as indicated by the FABP inhibition of O2- -dependent reduction of cytochrome c, OH.-dependent hydroxybenzoic acid formation and OCl.-mediated chemiluminescence response. Superoxides 39-41 glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase 2 Homo sapiens 20-24 3058856-2 1988 We recently reported the isolation of a novel monokine, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 (MIP-1), which causes local inflammatory responses in vivo, and induces superoxide production by neutrophils in vitro. Superoxides 162-172 transportin 1 Homo sapiens 56-89 3058856-2 1988 We recently reported the isolation of a novel monokine, macrophage inflammatory protein 1 (MIP-1), which causes local inflammatory responses in vivo, and induces superoxide production by neutrophils in vitro. Superoxides 162-172 transportin 1 Homo sapiens 91-96 3192624-1 1988 We have shown that platelet-activating factor (PAF), a weak primary stimulus for neutrophil superoxide generation, synergistically enhances neutrophil oxidative responses to the tumor promoter phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Superoxides 92-102 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 19-45 3192624-1 1988 We have shown that platelet-activating factor (PAF), a weak primary stimulus for neutrophil superoxide generation, synergistically enhances neutrophil oxidative responses to the tumor promoter phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Superoxides 92-102 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 47-50 2846728-0 1988 Influence of platelet activating factor and a nonmetabolizable analogue on superoxide production by bone marrow derived macrophages. Superoxides 75-85 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 13-39 2843577-9 1988 Finally, when purified C1q was added to preopsonized, washed microfilariae, granulocyte production of superoxide was increased from 0.25 +/- 0.07 to 0.68 +/- 0.07 nm/10(6) cells.10 min (P less than 0.01). Superoxides 102-112 complement C1q A chain Homo sapiens 23-26 3207972-19 1988 In conclusion, these data show that PLA2 (an enzyme involved in the synthesis of Paf-acether, prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, diacylglycerol, superoxide free radicals and lipid peroxides, etc.) Superoxides 154-164 phospholipase A2 group IB Rattus norvegicus 36-40 2839363-1 1988 When stimulated with immune complex or C5a anaphylatoxin, human neutrophils undergo an increase in the concentration of intracellular Ca2+ [( Ca2+]i) that precedes the onset of superoxide (O2-) production. Superoxides 177-187 complement C5 Homo sapiens 39-56 2836109-1 1988 The abilities of angiotensin converting-enzyme (ACE) inhibitors to suppress superoxide anion formation in vitro and to improve postischemic cardiac function in vivo were examined. Superoxides 76-92 angiotensin I converting enzyme Canis lupus familiaris 48-51 2834450-10 1988 rTNF plus either rIFN-gamma or rIL-2 triggered significant increases in superoxide anion production, but subsequent MAC killing was no greater than with rTNF alone. Superoxides 72-88 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 17-27 2834450-10 1988 rTNF plus either rIFN-gamma or rIL-2 triggered significant increases in superoxide anion production, but subsequent MAC killing was no greater than with rTNF alone. Superoxides 72-88 interleukin 2 Rattus norvegicus 31-36 2841270-5 1988 Since Trp-P-2(NHOH) in solution generates superoxide anion accompanying its oxidative degradation, we conclude that the Trp-P-2(NHOH) treatment produces intracellular active oxygens that can damage DNA. Superoxides 42-58 polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel Mus musculus 6-13 2841270-5 1988 Since Trp-P-2(NHOH) in solution generates superoxide anion accompanying its oxidative degradation, we conclude that the Trp-P-2(NHOH) treatment produces intracellular active oxygens that can damage DNA. Superoxides 42-58 polycystin 2, transient receptor potential cation channel Mus musculus 120-127 2450644-4 1988 (b) Interferon induces xanthine oxidase; superoxide generated by interferon-induced xanthine oxidase destroys cytochrome P-450. Superoxides 41-51 cytochrome P450, family 21, subfamily a, polypeptide 1 Mus musculus 110-126 2833279-5 1988 The data indicate that in the presence of no or small amounts of chelated iron in negatively-charged membranous systems, most of the hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions necessary for generation of hydroxyl radicals, are produced by cytochrome P-450 LM2. Superoxides 155-172 cytochrome P450 2B4 Oryctolagus cuniculus 236-256 3282238-2 1988 Prior to GM-CSF infusion, AIDS patients" neutrophil superoxide generation and neutrophil antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity were enhanced normally by in vitro exposure to GM-CSF. Superoxides 52-62 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 182-188 3278750-1 1988 Human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) enhances numerous functions of mature neutrophils (PMN) including phagocytosis, superoxide responses to chemotaxins, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and expression of complement receptors. Superoxides 144-154 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 6-54 3278750-1 1988 Human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) enhances numerous functions of mature neutrophils (PMN) including phagocytosis, superoxide responses to chemotaxins, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity, and expression of complement receptors. Superoxides 144-154 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 56-62 2825844-9 1988 These results suggest that PAF induces an increase in particulate protein kinase activity in neutrophils by a calcium-dependent mechanism and that the induction of membrane-associated protein kinase activity may be involved in neutrophil-stimulating actions such as superoxide production, which occur at higher concentrations of PAF. Superoxides 266-276 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 27-30 2825844-9 1988 These results suggest that PAF induces an increase in particulate protein kinase activity in neutrophils by a calcium-dependent mechanism and that the induction of membrane-associated protein kinase activity may be involved in neutrophil-stimulating actions such as superoxide production, which occur at higher concentrations of PAF. Superoxides 266-276 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 329-332 2856514-0 1988 Formation of reactive intermediates [ROOOOR] from the addition of superoxide ion (O2.-) to CCl4, CF3CCl3, PhCCl3, PhC(O)Cl, n-BuBr, and n-BuCl in acetonitrile. Superoxides 66-76 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Homo sapiens 91-95 2856514-0 1988 Formation of reactive intermediates [ROOOOR] from the addition of superoxide ion (O2.-) to CCl4, CF3CCl3, PhCCl3, PhC(O)Cl, n-BuBr, and n-BuCl in acetonitrile. Superoxides 82-84 C-C motif chemokine ligand 4 Homo sapiens 91-95 2851696-0 1988 Arachidonic acid release is closely related to the Fc gamma receptor-mediated superoxide generation in macrophages. Superoxides 78-88 Fc gamma receptor Ia Homo sapiens 51-68 2824612-6 1987 Superoxide production in response to phorbol myristic acetate was maintained in CSF-1 cultured monocytes, but declined with time in monocytes cultured in serum. Superoxides 0-10 colony stimulating factor 1 Homo sapiens 80-85 2820532-1 1987 We compared the ability of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (rHuTNF-alpha) and tumor necrosis factor-beta (rHuTNF-beta) to stimulate polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) migration and superoxide production. Superoxides 195-205 lymphotoxin alpha Rattus norvegicus 74-118 3038160-4 1987 PAF enhanced FMLP-elicited superoxide release in a dose-dependent fashion. Superoxides 27-37 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 0-3 3024757-5 1987 Purified biosynthetic GM-CSF enhanced superoxide anion production by neutrophils in response to f-MLP, C5a desArg, and LTB4. Superoxides 38-54 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 22-28 3024761-9 1987 The bacterially synthesized human GM-CSF increased N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP)-induced superoxide production and lysozyme secretion. Superoxides 106-116 colony stimulating factor 2 Homo sapiens 34-40 2849591-1 1987 Using pulse radiolysis and competition kinetics with cytochrome c, the reaction of superoxide with horse spleen ferritin was investigated. Superoxides 83-93 cytochrome c, somatic Equus caballus 53-65 3021865-2 1986 Incubating the monocytes with rIFN-gamma resulted in increased basal production of superoxide anion, as well as a significantly enhanced respiratory burst in response to concanavalin A (Con A). Superoxides 83-99 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 30-40 3011936-10 1986 In addition, both resident Kupffer cells and MNP from LPS-treated rats were found to release superoxide anion in response to stimulation by C5a and TPA. Superoxides 93-109 complement C5 Rattus norvegicus 140-143 3009727-4 1986 High concentration of CTX, an alkylating agent, showed a significant depression of PMN superoxide production, (124 +/- 13 v 161 +/- 15 nmol/10(7) cells, 5 minutes, P less than or equal to .025). Superoxides 87-97 cytochrome P450 family 27 subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 22-25 3006836-1 1986 The role of platelet activating factor (PAF) as a regulator of human neutrophil superoxide (O2-) generation in response to soluble and particulate stimuli was examined. Superoxides 80-90 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 40-43 3006836-1 1986 The role of platelet activating factor (PAF) as a regulator of human neutrophil superoxide (O2-) generation in response to soluble and particulate stimuli was examined. Superoxides 92-95 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 40-43 3006836-2 1986 At concentrations greater than 10(-7) mol/L, PAF alone induced a brief burst of O2- production. Superoxides 80-82 PCNA clamp associated factor Homo sapiens 45-48 3034998-6 1986 Ceruloplasmin, freed from contaminating superoxide dismutase, was found to catalytically dismute the superoxide anion radical with a rate constant of about 1.0 X 10(4) M-1 s-1 per copper atom. Superoxides 101-125 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 0-13 3034998-7 1986 Under physiological conditions with a low rate of superoxide production, ceruloplasmin preferentially reacts stoichiometrically with the superoxide radical with a rate constant of about 2 X 10(5) M-1 s-1 per copper atom. Superoxides 50-60 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 73-86 3034998-7 1986 Under physiological conditions with a low rate of superoxide production, ceruloplasmin preferentially reacts stoichiometrically with the superoxide radical with a rate constant of about 2 X 10(5) M-1 s-1 per copper atom. Superoxides 137-155 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 73-86 3034998-9 1986 From the kinetic data obtained it was calculated that in normal human plasma, extracellular-superoxide dismutase will scavenge about twice as much superoxide as ceruloplasmin. Superoxides 92-102 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 161-174 6088686-8 1984 Evidence is also presented that ceruloplasmin catalyzes the oxidation of cysteine with a one-electron reduction of oxygen and the formation of superoxide ion, which is then converted to H2O2 by ceruloplasmin. Superoxides 143-153 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 32-45 6088686-8 1984 Evidence is also presented that ceruloplasmin catalyzes the oxidation of cysteine with a one-electron reduction of oxygen and the formation of superoxide ion, which is then converted to H2O2 by ceruloplasmin. Superoxides 143-153 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 194-207 6293870-0 1982 Involvement of calcium, calmodulin and phospholipase A in the alteration of membrane dynamics and superoxide production of human neutrophils stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate. Superoxides 98-108 phospholipase A and acyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 39-54 6288006-1 1982 The preparation and properties of a partially succinoylated cytochrome c, suited for the detection of superoxide anion radicals in liver microsomes, is reported. Superoxides 102-127 cytochrome c, somatic Equus caballus 60-72 6288006-9 1982 The initial rates of succinoylated ferricytochrome c reduction determined at various finite concentrations of the cytochrome c derivative can be extrapolated to obtain true rates of O2-. Superoxides 182-184 cytochrome c, somatic Equus caballus 40-52 6776205-5 1980 In addition this inactivation of tyrosinase by dopa was not inhibited by any of: 1.4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, scavenger for singlet oxygen; D-mannitol, that for hydroxyl radical; superoxide dismutase, that for superoxide anion; and catalase, cleavaging enzyme for hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 212-228 tyrosinase Mus musculus 33-43 7350910-5 1980 The production of HCN was associated with an increased O2 uptake, which was established from the beginning of the reaction, with no apparent lag and ranged from 1.2 to 1.6 mumol extra O2 taken up/mumol HCN formed. Superoxides 55-57 metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 Homo sapiens 18-21 7350910-5 1980 The production of HCN was associated with an increased O2 uptake, which was established from the beginning of the reaction, with no apparent lag and ranged from 1.2 to 1.6 mumol extra O2 taken up/mumol HCN formed. Superoxides 55-57 metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 Homo sapiens 202-205 7350910-5 1980 The production of HCN was associated with an increased O2 uptake, which was established from the beginning of the reaction, with no apparent lag and ranged from 1.2 to 1.6 mumol extra O2 taken up/mumol HCN formed. Superoxides 184-186 metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 Homo sapiens 18-21 7350910-9 1980 The facts could be interpreted in terms of superoxide anion formation during the HCN-producing reaction. Superoxides 43-59 metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 Homo sapiens 81-84 232945-0 1979 A new function for ceruloplasmin as an acute-phase reactant in inflammation: a scavenger of superoxide anion radicals. Superoxides 92-117 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 19-32 232945-1 1979 In summary, purified human ceruloplasmin inhibits several reactions mediated by superoxide anion in a fashion consistent with an ability to scavenge this free radical. Superoxides 80-96 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 27-40 232945-2 1979 It must be pointed out, however, that on a weight basis, the superoxide-scavenging activity of ceruloplasmin is substantially less than that of purified human erythrocyte superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 61-71 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 95-108 232945-3 1979 Nevertheless, since superoxide dismutase is almost exclusively an intracellular enzyme, ceruloplasmin probably represents the major circulating scavenger of superoxide anion radicals. Superoxides 157-182 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 88-101 232945-7 1979 Consequently, we have not yet been able to quantify the superoxide-scavenging activity of either ceruloplasmin or superoxide dismutase in whole human plasma. Superoxides 56-66 ceruloplasmin Homo sapiens 97-110 33934624-2 2021 Oxidative stress-induced uncoupling of eNOS leads to decreased NO bioavailability, compounded by increased superoxide generation. Superoxides 107-117 nitric oxide synthase 3, endothelial cell Mus musculus 39-43 33781891-11 2021 Collectively, our study reveals that epigenetic silencing of GCH1 promotes HCC growth by activating superoxide anion-mediated ASK1/p38 signaling via inhibiting BH4 de novo biosynthesis, suggesting that targeting GCH1/BH4 pathway may be a promising therapeutic strategy to combat HCC. Superoxides 100-116 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 Homo sapiens 126-130 33717152-6 2021 In addition, NLRP3 knockout mice displayed the mitigated microglia activation that elicited by CIH, concomitantly with elimination of damaged mitochondria and reduction of oxidative stress levels (malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase). Superoxides 217-227 NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3 Mus musculus 13-18 33546740-6 2021 Similarly, assays of antioxidant activity disclosed that THP had reasonable concentration-dependent hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical scavenging activities, peroxidation inhibition ability and ferrous ion chelating potency, in addition to a significant 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity. Superoxides 121-139 uromodulin Mus musculus 57-60 31999938-9 2021 MiR-126 overexpression also inhibited reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels and enhanced superoxide dismutase levels, as well as increased angiopoietin (Ang)1 expression and decreased Ang2 expression in H2O2-treated EPCs. Superoxides 102-112 microRNA 126b Rattus norvegicus 0-7 32780460-3 2021 E-DRS scavenged free oxygen radicals effectively, including superoxide anion (ascorbic acid > E-DRS > SAA >= rutin > RES) and DPPH radical (rutin > E-DRS >= ascorbic acid > SAA > RES), and exhibited powerful total antioxidant capacity (ascorbic acid > E-DRS > SAA >= rutin > RES) in vitro. Superoxides 60-76 sushi-repeat-containing protein Mus musculus 2-5 33641449-6 2021 Serum ANGPTL4 levels were positively correlated with superoxide dismutase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, and negatively correlated with the CHA2DS2-VASC score, left atrial diameter, and levels of brain natriuretic peptide, malondialdehyde, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6. Superoxides 53-63 angiopoietin like 4 Homo sapiens 6-13 33344504-9 2020 In skeletal muscle IRAP inhibitor treatment up-regulated enzymes of antioxidant defense system - superoxide dismutase 1 and 2 and improved insulin signal transduction pathway. Superoxides 97-107 leucyl and cystinyl aminopeptidase Rattus norvegicus 19-23 33011272-11 2020 Activation of NADK by PKC in phagocytic cells could be critical for the rapid provision of sufficient levels of superoxide for host defence against invading microorganisms. Superoxides 112-122 NAD kinase Homo sapiens 14-18 32721518-7 2020 In contrast, ArcB downregulates sodA, therefore, an inverse correlation (r = -0.86, p = 0.013) between superoxide production and sodA expression was observed. Superoxides 103-113 hypothetical protein Escherichia coli 13-17 32966340-7 2020 Additionally, EPC2 cells demonstrated enhanced oxidative stress by flow cytometry for mitochondrial superoxide (MitoSOX), which was antagonized by the mitochondria-specific antioxidant MitoCP. Superoxides 100-110 enhancer of polycomb homolog 2 Homo sapiens 14-18 33042267-7 2020 Mechanistically, the effects of TLR5 were largely attributed to direct interaction with spleen tyrosine kinase to activate NADPH oxidase (NOX) 2, increasing the production of superoxide and subsequent activation of p38. Superoxides 175-185 toll-like receptor 5 Mus musculus 32-36 32901506-4 2020 Results: Knockdown of miR-96-5p in the presence of naringin was shown to reduce the expression of Foxo1 and contents of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, yet increase lipocalin-2 expression as well as hydroxyproline and malondialdehyde contents. Superoxides 120-130 microRNA 96 Mus musculus 22-28 31975462-2 2020 By analyzing gene expressions in a 1 O2 -overproducing Arabidopsis mutant (ch1) under different light regimes, we show here that the 1 O2 signaling pathway involves the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mediated unfolded protein response (UPR). Superoxides 37-39 Pheophorbide a oxygenase family protein with Rieske 2Fe-2S domain-containing protein Arabidopsis thaliana 75-78 31975462-2 2020 By analyzing gene expressions in a 1 O2 -overproducing Arabidopsis mutant (ch1) under different light regimes, we show here that the 1 O2 signaling pathway involves the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mediated unfolded protein response (UPR). Superoxides 135-137 Pheophorbide a oxygenase family protein with Rieske 2Fe-2S domain-containing protein Arabidopsis thaliana 75-78 31975462-3 2020 ch1 plants in low light exhibited a moderate activation of UPR genes, in particular bZIP60, and low concentrations of the UPR-inducer tunicamycin enhanced tolerance to photooxidative stress, together suggesting a role for UPR in plant acclimation to low 1 O2 levels. Superoxides 256-258 Pheophorbide a oxygenase family protein with Rieske 2Fe-2S domain-containing protein Arabidopsis thaliana 0-3 31975462-6 2020 Conversely, light acclimation of ch1 to 1 O2 stress put a limitation in the high light-induced expression of UPR genes, except for the gene encoding the BIP3 chaperone which was selectively up-regulated. Superoxides 42-44 Pheophorbide a oxygenase family protein with Rieske 2Fe-2S domain-containing protein Arabidopsis thaliana 33-36 32041085-5 2020 Activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and catalase (CAT) were markedly altered in most of the individual and pesticide mixture treatments compared with the control. Superoxides 20-30 catalase Danio rerio 42-61 32414595-7 2021 Although JNK1 siRNA decreased apoptosis and the levels of malondialdehyde, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha), it increased the levels of superoxide dismutase, S-phase percentage, and cyclin D1; JNK2 siRNA had a converse effect. Superoxides 167-177 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Rattus norvegicus 9-13 32062149-6 2020 In the second catalytic stage, IrRu NPs in IrRu-GOx@PEG NPs catalyzed the upstream endogenous H2O2 to highly toxic singlet oxygen 1O2 and O2. Superoxides 96-98 hydroxyacid oxidase 1, liver Mus musculus 48-51 32017898-4 2020 We show that LARP7 physically connects the spliceosomal U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) with a distinct subset of box C/D small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) guiding U6 2"-O-methylation. Superoxides 161-165 La ribonucleoprotein 7, transcriptional regulator Homo sapiens 13-18 32017898-7 2020 Importantly, we identified defects in 2"-O-methylation of the U6 snRNA in Alazami syndrome siblings carrying a LARP7 mutation. Superoxides 38-42 La ribonucleoprotein 7, transcriptional regulator Homo sapiens 111-116 31868610-8 2020 The results showed that (i) flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD, redox center of DAAO) was a direct electroactive substance that produced a reduction peak current; in the presence of O2, the amount of FAD increased leading to an increase of the reduction peak current. Superoxides 180-182 D-amino acid oxidase Homo sapiens 78-82 31809873-7 2020 Photoactivation of AKT inhibited the transcriptional activity of Forkhead box transcription factor O1 (FoxO1), reducing expression of lipolytic enzymes and FFA generation and release. Superoxides 99-101 forkhead box O1 Mus musculus 103-108 32020293-2 2020 The complexes with two chloride ligands (C2 and C3) were more reactive toward proteins than those with only one (C1 and C4), and the complex with S,N-chelating ligand (C4) was less reactive than one with O,N-chelating ligand (C1). Superoxides 204-207 complement C2 Homo sapiens 41-50 32529818-1 2020 This study explored the effects of propofol on the cognitive function and expressions of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) through the silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) signaling pathway during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Superoxides 89-99 sirtuin 1 Mus musculus 186-191 31780259-9 2020 beta-arrestin2 knockout mice exhibited stronger tolerance in oxidative stress compared with wild-type mice, which was demonstrated by decreased ROS level and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in the liver. Superoxides 168-178 arrestin, beta 2 Mus musculus 0-14 31799578-11 2020 Reduced Sod2 activity, predicted to cause superoxide-dependent iron-sulphur cluster damage, resulted in cellular iron misregulation. Superoxides 42-52 Superoxide dismutase 2 (Mn) Drosophila melanogaster 8-12 31893334-7 2020 In addition, inhibition of autophagy by 3-methyladenine and Beclin-1 siRNA impeded activation of HSCs cultured in 1% O2. Superoxides 117-119 beclin 1, autophagy related Mus musculus 60-68 31901727-5 2020 Down-regulation of Raptor expression increased mitochondrial ROS production, and mitochondria specific superoxide scavengers prevented USP27x-mediated stabilization of Bim by inhibition of Cat K. Superoxides 103-113 ubiquitin specific peptidase 27 X-linked Homo sapiens 135-141 31901727-5 2020 Down-regulation of Raptor expression increased mitochondrial ROS production, and mitochondria specific superoxide scavengers prevented USP27x-mediated stabilization of Bim by inhibition of Cat K. Superoxides 103-113 cathepsin K Homo sapiens 189-194 31989925-3 2020 TLR4, the prototypic receptor for LPS, also mediates inflammation after O3, triggered by endogenous hyaluronan. Superoxides 72-74 toll like receptor 4 Homo sapiens 0-4 31989925-6 2020 Using in vivo animal models of TLR4-mediated inflammations (LPS, O3, hyaluronan), we show that TLR5 impacts the in vivo response to LPS, hyaluronan and O3. Superoxides 65-67 toll like receptor 4 Homo sapiens 31-35 31989925-6 2020 Using in vivo animal models of TLR4-mediated inflammations (LPS, O3, hyaluronan), we show that TLR5 impacts the in vivo response to LPS, hyaluronan and O3. Superoxides 65-67 toll like receptor 5 Homo sapiens 95-99 31989925-6 2020 Using in vivo animal models of TLR4-mediated inflammations (LPS, O3, hyaluronan), we show that TLR5 impacts the in vivo response to LPS, hyaluronan and O3. Superoxides 152-154 toll like receptor 4 Homo sapiens 31-35 31989925-6 2020 Using in vivo animal models of TLR4-mediated inflammations (LPS, O3, hyaluronan), we show that TLR5 impacts the in vivo response to LPS, hyaluronan and O3. Superoxides 152-154 toll like receptor 5 Homo sapiens 95-99 31989925-7 2020 We demonstrate that immune cells of human carriers of a dominant negative TLR5 allele have decreased inflammatory response to O3 exposure ex vivo and LPS exposure in vitro. Superoxides 126-128 toll like receptor 5 Homo sapiens 74-78 31849213-7 2020 Results demonstrated that modified NPs were capable of catalyzing H2O2 to produce O2 and eliminate NO, hence inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) further rescuing mitochondrial function. Superoxides 68-70 hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit Mus musculus 120-151 31849213-7 2020 Results demonstrated that modified NPs were capable of catalyzing H2O2 to produce O2 and eliminate NO, hence inhibiting hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha (HIF-1alpha) further rescuing mitochondrial function. Superoxides 68-70 hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit Mus musculus 153-163 31841342-1 2020 A selective C-O cross-coupling reaction between porphyrins and phenols has been developed through 2,3-dicyano-5,6-dichlorobenzoquinone (DDQ)/Sc(OTf)3 oxidation, efficiently delivering meso-etherified porphyrins in good yields (<=93%). Superoxides 12-15 POU class 5 homeobox 1 Homo sapiens 141-149 32554967-10 2020 Vit-C did not lead to a similar effect, suggesting that alterations in the superoxide dismutase pathway may play a role in the basal aortic tone. Superoxides 75-85 vitrin Rattus norvegicus 0-3 31729001-1 2020 The superoxide (O2 -)-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes comprises a membrane-associated heterodimeric flavocytochrome, known as cytochrome b 558 (consisting of NOX2 and p22phox) and four cytosolic regulatory proteins, p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 4-14 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 183-190 31729001-1 2020 The superoxide (O2 -)-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes comprises a membrane-associated heterodimeric flavocytochrome, known as cytochrome b 558 (consisting of NOX2 and p22phox) and four cytosolic regulatory proteins, p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 4-14 neutrophil cytosolic factor 4 Homo sapiens 250-257 31729001-1 2020 The superoxide (O2 -)-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes comprises a membrane-associated heterodimeric flavocytochrome, known as cytochrome b 558 (consisting of NOX2 and p22phox) and four cytosolic regulatory proteins, p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 16-18 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 183-190 31729001-1 2020 The superoxide (O2 -)-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes comprises a membrane-associated heterodimeric flavocytochrome, known as cytochrome b 558 (consisting of NOX2 and p22phox) and four cytosolic regulatory proteins, p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 16-18 neutrophil cytosolic factor 4 Homo sapiens 250-257 31677552-6 2020 Exposure of worms to O2 starvation conditions (i.e. hypoxia) induces a major upregulation in levels of the conserved iron-cage protein ferritin 1 (ftn-1) in the intestine, while exposure to 21% O2 decreases ftn-1 level. Superoxides 21-23 Ferritin Caenorhabditis elegans 135-145 31677552-6 2020 Exposure of worms to O2 starvation conditions (i.e. hypoxia) induces a major upregulation in levels of the conserved iron-cage protein ferritin 1 (ftn-1) in the intestine, while exposure to 21% O2 decreases ftn-1 level. Superoxides 21-23 Ferritin Caenorhabditis elegans 147-152 31677552-6 2020 Exposure of worms to O2 starvation conditions (i.e. hypoxia) induces a major upregulation in levels of the conserved iron-cage protein ferritin 1 (ftn-1) in the intestine, while exposure to 21% O2 decreases ftn-1 level. Superoxides 21-23 Ferritin Caenorhabditis elegans 207-212 31677552-6 2020 Exposure of worms to O2 starvation conditions (i.e. hypoxia) induces a major upregulation in levels of the conserved iron-cage protein ferritin 1 (ftn-1) in the intestine, while exposure to 21% O2 decreases ftn-1 level. Superoxides 194-196 Ferritin Caenorhabditis elegans 135-145 31677552-6 2020 Exposure of worms to O2 starvation conditions (i.e. hypoxia) induces a major upregulation in levels of the conserved iron-cage protein ferritin 1 (ftn-1) in the intestine, while exposure to 21% O2 decreases ftn-1 level. Superoxides 194-196 Ferritin Caenorhabditis elegans 147-152 31568998-5 2020 The observed H/D KIE (alpha = 2.15-1.50) is much larger than what is calculated assuming a classical KIE for Tg = 5000 K (alpha = 1.15) obtained from the sonoluminescence spectra in H2O and D2O. Superoxides 190-193 adrenoceptor alpha 1D Homo sapiens 122-131 31568998-6 2020 Furthermore, the alpha values sharply decrease with increasing of H2O content in H2O/D2O mixtures reaching a steady-state value close to alpha = 1.50, which also cannot be explained by O-H/O-D zero-point energy difference. Superoxides 85-88 adrenoceptor alpha 1D Homo sapiens 137-146 31585272-3 2020 In practical applications, the combustion atmosphere in oxy-fuel boiler is O2/CO2/H2O, which is different from that in the conventional boiler (O2/N2). Superoxides 75-77 complement C2 Homo sapiens 78-85 31922706-8 2019 In the 40% O2 group, RelA, RelB, ASK1 and TNF-alpha were upregulated, but SC expression was not significantly different than that of the control group. Superoxides 11-13 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 5 Homo sapiens 33-37 31882813-5 2019 Besides, Mn-TAT PTD-Ngb activated the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway, which up-regulated the expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT). Superoxides 199-209 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 174-190 31882813-5 2019 Besides, Mn-TAT PTD-Ngb activated the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway, which up-regulated the expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT). Superoxides 199-209 heme oxygenase 1 Homo sapiens 192-196 31646342-8 2019 Exogenous 4E-BP1 enhanced proliferation, decreased apoptosis, increased anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein, impaired NADPH oxidoreductase activity, increased mitochondrial proteins and increased superoxide production in PKD patient-derived renal epithelial cells. Superoxides 189-199 eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 Homo sapiens 10-16 31891092-6 2019 Compared with commercial cobalt blue, these tunable hibonite blues possess a reddish hue that intensifies the blue color as observed in Y(In,Mn)O3 (YInMn) blues, with a significant reduction of Co2+ concentration from 33% to as low as 4% by mass. Superoxides 144-146 complement C2 Homo sapiens 194-197 31407802-9 2019 The extract was able to protect human fibroblasts against superoxide anion-induced cell death at the concentration of 10 microg mL-1 . Superoxides 58-74 L1 cell adhesion molecule Mus musculus 128-132 30607767-5 2019 The MCP-1 is also a known potent chemotactic factor for monocytes and macrophages that can stimulate them to produce superoxide and other mediators. Superoxides 117-127 C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 Homo sapiens 4-9 31724336-1 2019 Although the high energy density and environmental benignancy of LiNi0.8 Co0.15 Al0.05 O2 (NCA) holds promise for use as cathode material in Li-ion batteries, present low rate capabilities, and fast capacity fade limit its broad commercial applications. Superoxides 87-89 CEA cell adhesion molecule 6 Homo sapiens 91-94 31682627-3 2019 TNF-alpha-induced expression of TSLP in human keratinocyte HaCaT and in mouse keratinocyte PAM212 cell lines were inhibited under hypoxic condition (1% O2), although the mRNA expressions of TNF-alpha, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and VEGF-A were not inhibited. Superoxides 152-154 thymic stromal lymphopoietin Homo sapiens 32-36 31389735-0 2019 Potential Role of Cartilage Oligomeric Matrix Protein in the Modulation of Pulmonary Arterial Smooth Muscle Superoxide by Hypoxia. Superoxides 108-118 cartilage oligomeric matrix protein Bos taurus 18-53 31389735-4 2019 Knockdown of COMP by siRNA increased BPA levels of mitochondrial and extra-mitochondrial superoxide detected by MitoSOX and dihydroethidium (DHE) HPLC products. Superoxides 89-99 cartilage oligomeric matrix protein Bos taurus 13-17 31389735-7 2019 In the presence of COMP, BMPR2 siRNA treated BPA showed increases in superoxide detected by MitoSOX and depletion of SOD2. Superoxides 69-79 cartilage oligomeric matrix protein Bos taurus 19-23 30652267-8 2019 Mechanistically, AKAP121 promotes neuroprotection by enhancing PKA-mediated phosphorylation of Drp1 to increase mitochondrial fusion, elevates ATP levels, and elicits an increase in the levels of antioxidants GSH and superoxide dismutase 2 leading to a reduction in the level of mitochondrial superoxide. Superoxides 217-227 A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 1 Mus musculus 17-24 31327087-6 2019 The inactivation of alpha2M was due to photodynamic generation of superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide by gallic acid. Superoxides 66-84 alpha-2-macroglobulin Ovis aries 20-27 31084929-7 2019 Furthermore, we found that superoxide anion levels were significantly increased in AngII-treated endothelial cells compared with controls and that the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) significantly abolished CSE ubiquitination. Superoxides 27-43 choreoathetosis/spasticity, episodic (paroxysmal choreoathetosis/spasticity) Homo sapiens 215-218 30926564-9 2019 The presence of ascorbate in bleomycin-treated cells suppressed a DSB-independent activation of the ATM-CHK2 axis by blocking superoxide radical. Superoxides 126-144 ATM serine/threonine kinase Homo sapiens 100-103 31083380-10 2019 We found that knockdown of NgBR resulted in MAM disruption and augmented the phosphorylation of IP3R3 through pAkt, accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction including decreased Ca2+m, respiration and mitochondrial superoxide, increased mitochondrial membrane potential and HIF-1alpha nuclear localization, which were determined by confocal microscopy and Seahorse XF-96 analyzer. Superoxides 214-224 NUS1 dehydrodolichyl diphosphate synthase subunit Rattus norvegicus 27-31 31139044-10 2019 BGP-15 co-administration significantly increased mitochondrial superoxide production, mitochondrial depolarization and cytochrome c release in myenteric plexus and exacerbated 5-FU-induced colonic inflammation. Superoxides 63-73 carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 Mus musculus 0-3 30918256-2 2019 Myoglobin binds O2, facilitates its intracellular transport and serves as a controller of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species. Superoxides 16-18 myoglobin Homo sapiens 0-9 30918256-5 2019 Biochemical characterization reveals that the mutant myoglobin has altered O2 binding, exhibits a faster heme dissociation rate and has a lower reduction potential compared to wild-type myoglobin. Superoxides 75-77 myoglobin Homo sapiens 53-62 30918256-6 2019 Preliminary studies show that mutant myoglobin may result in elevated superoxide levels at the cellular level. Superoxides 70-80 myoglobin Homo sapiens 37-46 30889865-5 2019 We propose a novel hypothesis that ER-alpha36-GPER signaling initially induces rapid and temporal activation of NADPH oxidase 1 to generate superoxide, which subsequently activates redox-sensitive neutral sphingomyelinase 2 generating the lipid signaling mediator ceramide. Superoxides 140-150 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 3 Homo sapiens 197-223 30414927-8 2019 We discuss circumstances under which promotion of superoxide formation exceeds its attenuation by uncoupling in mitochondria and throughout point out areas of future research into UCP1 function. Superoxides 50-60 uncoupling protein 1 Homo sapiens 180-184 30665935-0 2019 The Kinesin Light Chain-Related Protein PAT1 Promotes Superoxide Anion Production in Human Phagocytes. Superoxides 54-70 amyloid beta precursor protein binding protein 2 Homo sapiens 40-44 30665935-8 2019 Overexpression of PAT1 in human monocytes and in COSphox cells increased superoxide anion production and depletion of PAT1 by specific small interfering RNA inhibited this process. Superoxides 73-89 amyloid beta precursor protein binding protein 2 Homo sapiens 18-22 30665935-9 2019 These data clearly identify PAT1 as a novel regulator of NADPH oxidase activation and superoxide anion production, a key phagocyte function. Superoxides 86-102 amyloid beta precursor protein binding protein 2 Homo sapiens 28-32 32254727-4 2019 Characterization demonstrated that Mnx(PO4)y layer modified hollow carbon sphere (Mn-MPSA-HCS) and hollow carbon cubic (Mn-MPSA-HCC) were successfully prepared and used as nanozymes for superoxide detection. Superoxides 186-196 keratin 86 Homo sapiens 35-38 30303710-1 2019 Extracellular superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3), one member of the antioxidant defense system and a superoxide scavenger, has been noted to be downregulated in the kidneys of diabetic mice and is characterized by a heparin-binding domain that can anchor the protein to the endothelium and extracellular matrix. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 38-42 30044122-8 2019 Depletion of ATF4 and p22phox diminished the levels of superoxide and H2O2 under ER stress conditions. Superoxides 55-65 cytochrome b-245 alpha chain Homo sapiens 22-29 31555023-3 2019 The authors give values of the coefficients c 1, c 2, c 3 for six gases: Ne, Ar, Xe, N2, CO2, and N2O. Superoxides 98-101 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein C Homo sapiens 44-57 31172470-6 2019 NOX3 constitutively produces superoxide, which is enhanced by regulatory proteins such as p47phox, NOXO1, and p67phox. Superoxides 29-39 NADPH oxidase 3 Homo sapiens 0-4 31172470-6 2019 NOX3 constitutively produces superoxide, which is enhanced by regulatory proteins such as p47phox, NOXO1, and p67phox. Superoxides 29-39 NADPH oxidase organizer 1 Homo sapiens 99-104 30354808-9 2018 In conclusion, both O2- from p47phox/NOX2 and H2O2 from NOX4/POLDIP2 enhance maximal arteriolar Ang II contractions from RRM mice during high salt, but H2O2 and NOX4/POLDIP2 reduce the sensitivity to lower concentrations of Ang II by >100-fold. Superoxides 20-22 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 29-36 29949402-4 2018 In this study, we investigated the potential role of olfactomedin 4 (Olfm4) in H2O2-induced superoxide production and apoptosis in mouse neutrophils. Superoxides 92-102 olfactomedin 4 Mus musculus 53-67 29949402-4 2018 In this study, we investigated the potential role of olfactomedin 4 (Olfm4) in H2O2-induced superoxide production and apoptosis in mouse neutrophils. Superoxides 92-102 olfactomedin 4 Mus musculus 69-74 29949402-5 2018 We have demonstrated that Olfm4 is not required for maximal-dosage PMA- and Escherichia coli bacteria-induced superoxide production, but Olfm4 contributes to suboptimal-dosage PMA- and H2O2-induced superoxide production. Superoxides 198-208 olfactomedin 4 Mus musculus 137-142 30093535-4 2018 Mechanistically, deletion of AKAP1 dysregulates complex II of the electron transport chain, increases superoxide production, and impairs Ca2+ homeostasis in neurons subjected to excitotoxic glutamate. Superoxides 102-112 A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 1 Mus musculus 29-34 30093535-6 2018 Our results indicate that inhibition of Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission by the outer mitochondrial AKAP1/PKA complex protects neurons from ischemic stroke by maintaining respiratory chain activity, inhibiting superoxide production, and delaying Ca2+ deregulation. Superoxides 214-224 A kinase (PRKA) anchor protein 1 Mus musculus 104-109 30056019-11 2018 This was also followed by low reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), superoxide and autophagy induction levels in the HSP27-KD cells as compared to the control cells. Superoxides 74-84 heat shock protein family B (small) member 1 Homo sapiens 123-128 30183770-6 2018 Up-regulation of the activities and transcript levels of APX, GR, MDHAR and DHAR in the DCPTA treatments contributed to the increases in ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) levels and inhibited the increased generation rate of superoxide anion radicals (O2 -), the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the electrolyte leakage (EL) induced by drought. Superoxides 229-254 glutathione reductase 1 Zea mays 62-64 30183770-6 2018 Up-regulation of the activities and transcript levels of APX, GR, MDHAR and DHAR in the DCPTA treatments contributed to the increases in ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) levels and inhibited the increased generation rate of superoxide anion radicals (O2 -), the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the electrolyte leakage (EL) induced by drought. Superoxides 229-254 glutathione dehydroascorbate reductase2 Zea mays 67-71 30183770-6 2018 Up-regulation of the activities and transcript levels of APX, GR, MDHAR and DHAR in the DCPTA treatments contributed to the increases in ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) levels and inhibited the increased generation rate of superoxide anion radicals (O2 -), the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the electrolyte leakage (EL) induced by drought. Superoxides 256-260 glutathione reductase 1 Zea mays 62-64 30183770-6 2018 Up-regulation of the activities and transcript levels of APX, GR, MDHAR and DHAR in the DCPTA treatments contributed to the increases in ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) levels and inhibited the increased generation rate of superoxide anion radicals (O2 -), the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the electrolyte leakage (EL) induced by drought. Superoxides 256-260 glutathione dehydroascorbate reductase2 Zea mays 67-71 30181899-3 2018 Here we show that postsynaptic superoxide generation through PKCzeta-activated NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) is critical for long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic transmission in the CA1-Shaffer collateral synapse of the rat hippocampus. Superoxides 31-41 carbonic anhydrase 1 Rattus norvegicus 177-180 29953508-8 2018 Interleukin-1-beta and interferon-gamma also increase mitochondrial superoxide levels (P < 0.05), which may reinforce the inhibition of pyruvate oxidation, and cause a modest (20%) but significant (P < 0.01) loss of INS-1E cells. Superoxides 68-78 interferon gamma Rattus norvegicus 23-39 29907654-1 2018 BACKGROUND: NADPH Oxidase 5 (Nox5) is a calcium-sensitive superoxide-generating Nox. Superoxides 58-68 NADPH oxidase 5 Homo sapiens 29-33 29891006-10 2018 We demonstrated that these mechanisms of SOD1 partly exist to maintain low levels of the superoxide anion and to avoid the accumulation of lipid droplets via enhanced CPT1A-mediated fatty acid oxidation. Superoxides 89-105 carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a, liver Mus musculus 167-172 29750788-6 2018 Consistently, superoxide deficiency, or the administration of a glutathione precursor, rescued CD27- Vgamma6+ gammadelta17 T-cell proliferation in vivo. Superoxides 14-24 CD27 molecule Homo sapiens 95-99 29625492-6 2018 Results: In P23 male Pde6brd10 mice, only the outer superior retina showed oxidative stress in vivo, as measured by QUEST MRI; a lucigenin assay confirmed supernormal superoxide production. Superoxides 167-177 prostaglandin E synthase 3 Mus musculus 12-15 29410501-4 2018 We report that the genetic ablation of both LXR isoforms in mice (LXRdKO) provokes significant locomotor defects correlated with enhanced anion superoxide production, lipid oxidization and protein carbonylation in the sciatic nerves despite the activation of Nrf2-dependant antioxidant response. Superoxides 144-154 nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, member 2 Mus musculus 44-47 29209893-8 2018 The superoxide anion ( O2-) scavenging ability of SOD-CLP-ELP was 1.5 times that of SOD, and the catalytic efficiency of DAAO-CLP-ELP was 1.7 times that of DAAO. Superoxides 4-20 nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1 Homo sapiens 58-61 29209893-8 2018 The superoxide anion ( O2-) scavenging ability of SOD-CLP-ELP was 1.5 times that of SOD, and the catalytic efficiency of DAAO-CLP-ELP was 1.7 times that of DAAO. Superoxides 4-20 nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1 Homo sapiens 130-133 28855087-6 2017 Upon interaction with FPR2 expressed by neutrophils both F2Pal10 and WKYMVM activated the PLC-PIP2-Ca2+ signaling pathway and the superoxide-generating NADPH-oxidase, but only WKYMVM activated the receptor to recruit beta-arrestin. Superoxides 130-140 formyl peptide receptor 2 Homo sapiens 22-26 29100041-6 2017 Mitochondria from pol beta-deficient mouse fibroblasts had compromised DNA repair and showed elevated levels of superoxide radicals after hydrogen peroxide treatment. Superoxides 112-122 polymerase (DNA directed), beta Mus musculus 18-26 28942246-16 2017 Taken together, these studies demonstrate that HNF1b plays an essential role in controlling hepatic TG homeostasis and insulin sensitivity by regulating DPP4/NOX1mediated generation of superoxide. Superoxides 185-195 dipeptidylpeptidase 4 Mus musculus 153-157 29096559-9 2017 RARalpha and RARgamma overexpression could protect cells from oxidative stress-induced injury by inhibiting HR-induced intracellular superoxide anion (O2-) generation, cell viability and mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) decrease and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1) expression and promoting endogenous antioxidant defense components, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH). Superoxides 133-149 retinoic acid receptor, alpha Rattus norvegicus 0-8 29096559-10 2017 Meanwhile, inhibition of RARalpha and RARgamma expressions by small interference RNAs (siRNA) resulted in a less resistance of RTEC to HR as shown in increased O2- production and TGF-beta1 expression and decreased cell viability, MMP, SOD and GSH levels. Superoxides 160-162 retinoic acid receptor, alpha Rattus norvegicus 25-33 29180598-8 2017 Moreover, not only does the nramp2 mutant accumulate superoxide ions, but NRAMP2 can functionally replace cytosolic superoxide dismutase in yeast, indicating that the pool of Mn displaced by NRAMP2 is required for the detoxification of reactive oxygen species. Superoxides 53-63 NRAMP metal ion transporter 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 28-34 29180598-8 2017 Moreover, not only does the nramp2 mutant accumulate superoxide ions, but NRAMP2 can functionally replace cytosolic superoxide dismutase in yeast, indicating that the pool of Mn displaced by NRAMP2 is required for the detoxification of reactive oxygen species. Superoxides 53-63 NRAMP metal ion transporter 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 191-197 28739528-8 2017 Leptin treatment also increased both cellular and mitochondrial superoxide levels concomitant to increased expression of nitric oxide synthase-2 (NOS2). Superoxides 64-74 leptin Mus musculus 0-6 28515175-10 2017 Taken together, these data suggest that NOX4-derived ROS in general, and possibly superoxide in particular, are involved in flow-stimulated IMCD ET-1 production. Superoxides 82-92 endothelin 1 Mus musculus 145-149 28039072-0 2017 Lead-induced stress, which triggers the production of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O2 -) in Arabidopsis peroxisomes, affects catalase activity. Superoxides 76-92 catalase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 136-144 28039072-0 2017 Lead-induced stress, which triggers the production of nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O2 -) in Arabidopsis peroxisomes, affects catalase activity. Superoxides 94-98 catalase 2 Arabidopsis thaliana 136-144 28742114-4 2017 Results showed that EP-1 possessed higher oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and 2-3 times higher ability to scavenge 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide and hydroxyl radicals than a hot water extract of commercially available HE fruiting body. Superoxides 163-173 prostaglandin E receptor 1 Homo sapiens 20-24 28672042-5 2017 As LOX-1 has various ligands, we hypothesized that, being essentially packages of lipoproteins, STBEVs are able to activate the LOX-1 receptor thereby impairing vascular function via the production of superoxide and decreased nitric oxide bioavailability. Superoxides 201-211 oxidized low density lipoprotein receptor 1 Rattus norvegicus 128-133 28274989-7 2017 Vascular explants from mice that were deficient for the NADPH oxidase subunit p47 phox showed diminished intimal superoxide production and GM-CSF release after ex vivo stimulation with MALP-2. Superoxides 113-123 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Mus musculus 78-86 28356348-8 2017 Tpl2 ablation impaired neutrophil TNF secretion in response to LPS stimulation, superoxide generation in response to the chemotactic peptide fMLP, and killing of the extracellular bacterium, Citrobacter rodentium, despite normal bacterial phagocytosis. Superoxides 80-90 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 8 Mus musculus 0-4 27990791-2 2017 Indoxyl sulfate induces cellular dysfunction by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide by activating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, and by activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor through its uptake via organic anion transporters (OAT1 and OAT3). Superoxides 96-106 potassium two pore domain channel subfamily K member 3 Homo sapiens 269-273 27990791-2 2017 Indoxyl sulfate induces cellular dysfunction by producing reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide by activating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, and by activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor through its uptake via organic anion transporters (OAT1 and OAT3). Superoxides 96-106 solute carrier family 22 member 8 Homo sapiens 278-282 28397812-5 2017 Superoxide anion and malondialdehyde were enhanced and positively correlated to the protein expression of Sesn1/2/3. Superoxides 0-16 sestrin 1 Homo sapiens 106-115 28275112-0 2017 CLIC1 null mice demonstrate a role for CLIC1 in macrophage superoxide production and tissue injury. Superoxides 59-69 chloride intracellular channel 1 Mus musculus 0-5 28275112-0 2017 CLIC1 null mice demonstrate a role for CLIC1 in macrophage superoxide production and tissue injury. Superoxides 59-69 chloride intracellular channel 1 Mus musculus 39-44 28275112-6 2017 Absence of CLIC1 increased PMA-induced superoxide production by isolated peritoneal neutrophils but dramatically decreased PMA-induced superoxide production by peritoneal macrophages. Superoxides 39-49 chloride intracellular channel 1 Mus musculus 11-16 28275112-6 2017 Absence of CLIC1 increased PMA-induced superoxide production by isolated peritoneal neutrophils but dramatically decreased PMA-induced superoxide production by peritoneal macrophages. Superoxides 135-145 chloride intracellular channel 1 Mus musculus 11-16 28275112-11 2017 We conclude that the role of CLIC1 in macrophage superoxide production is to support redistribution of NADPH oxidase to the plasma membrane, and not through major effects on ERM cytoskeleton or by acting as a plasma membrane chloride channel. Superoxides 49-59 chloride intracellular channel 1 Mus musculus 29-34 27780767-1 2017 Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD- 1) is an antioxidant enzyme that regulates the levels of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) by catalyzing the conversion of superoxide radical into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxygen. Superoxides 148-166 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Gallus gallus 0-22 27780767-1 2017 Superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD- 1) is an antioxidant enzyme that regulates the levels of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) by catalyzing the conversion of superoxide radical into hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and oxygen. Superoxides 148-166 superoxide dismutase 1, soluble Gallus gallus 24-30 27540894-5 2017 We observed that the level of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), an enzyme responsible for reducing superoxide radicals in mitochondria, was increased by RANKL. Superoxides 44-54 tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11 Mus musculus 164-169 27916526-7 2017 Conversely, knockdown of transformer in chromosomal females eliminates the female-specific Lon isoform expression, Lon proteolytic activity induction, and H2O2 stress adaptation and produces the male-specific paraquat (superoxide) stress adaptation. Superoxides 219-229 lon peptidase 1, mitochondrial Homo sapiens 91-94 27978828-16 2016 FAK inhibition induced loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, which was counteracted by bryostatin, and increased superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production. Superoxides 117-127 PTK2 protein tyrosine kinase 2 Mus musculus 0-3 27157612-6 2016 Consistent with a mitophagic phenotype, in vivo labeling with specific fluorophores uncovered increased levels of oxidative stress (elevated intracellular reactive oxygen species and mitochondrial superoxide and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential) in the Sos1-KO and the Sos1/2-DKO cells as compared with Sos2-KO and WT MEFs. Superoxides 197-207 SOS Ras/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 Mus musculus 261-265 27838438-9 2016 Thus, O2 - is the critical extracellular oxidant for TNFR signal transduction. Superoxides 6-8 TNF receptor superfamily member 1A Homo sapiens 53-57 27838438-13 2016 It is required for extracellular O2 - production, which is in turn essential for TNFR1 endocytosis. Superoxides 33-35 TNF receptor superfamily member 1A Homo sapiens 81-86 27897258-5 2016 Analysis of the underlying mechanisms revealed that STZ + EDA-/- mice show increased oxidative stress as demonstrated by enhanced aortic superoxide anion, nitrotyrosine levels and expression of NADPH oxidase NOX4 and TGF-beta1, the last two being reverted by treatment with the antioxidant n-acetylcysteine. Superoxides 137-153 ectodysplasin-A Mus musculus 58-61 27510432-3 2016 In this work, we employed our previously reported D-pi-A-structured naphthalene-BODIPY TBET platform to design an efficient two-photon fluorescent probe for dynamic monitoring of superoxide anion oxidative stress and the GSH reducing repair process. Superoxides 179-195 T-box transcription factor 21 Homo sapiens 87-91 27444386-5 2016 Our results showed that Abeta-promoted mitochondrial superoxide production and neuronal lipid oxidation were significantly suppressed by the application of mitotempo. Superoxides 53-63 amyloid beta (A4) precursor protein Mus musculus 24-29 27328698-1 2016 The repair of PSII under strong light is particularly sensitive to reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as the superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide, and these ROS are efficiently scavenged by superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase. Superoxides 110-128 pfam00199 Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 226-234 27391159-3 2016 As reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to promote cancer cell invasion, we investigated on the hypothesis that gelsolin-induced changes in ROS levels may mediate the invasive capacity of colon cancer cells.Herein, we show that increased gelsolin enhances the invasive capacity of colon cancer cells, and this is mediated via gelsolin"s effects in elevating intracellular superoxide (O2.-) levels. Superoxides 381-391 gelsolin Homo sapiens 121-129 27391159-3 2016 As reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to promote cancer cell invasion, we investigated on the hypothesis that gelsolin-induced changes in ROS levels may mediate the invasive capacity of colon cancer cells.Herein, we show that increased gelsolin enhances the invasive capacity of colon cancer cells, and this is mediated via gelsolin"s effects in elevating intracellular superoxide (O2.-) levels. Superoxides 381-391 gelsolin Homo sapiens 247-255 27061078-1 2016 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is an enzyme that catalyses the dismutation of superoxide anions. Superoxides 91-108 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 0-34 27061078-1 2016 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is an enzyme that catalyses the dismutation of superoxide anions. Superoxides 91-108 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 36-42 27394172-6 2016 The functional consequences were evaluated by the use of neutrophils isolated from wild-type and EC-SOD KO mice, and showed that EC-SOD release significantly reduce the level of superoxide in the extracellular space, but does not affect the capacity to generate neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Superoxides 178-188 superoxide dismutase 3, extracellular Mus musculus 129-135 27349915-5 2016 Compared with wild type Arabidopsis, lsf2-1 mutant exhibited reduced rates of superoxide generation and higher levels of hydrogen peroxide upon oxidative stress treatments. Superoxides 78-88 dual specificity protein phosphatase (DsPTP1) family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 37-41 27329107-0 2016 Identification of a specific alpha-synuclein peptide (alpha-Syn 29-40) capable of eliciting microglial superoxide production to damage dopaminergic neurons. Superoxides 103-113 synuclein, alpha Mus musculus 29-44 27329107-0 2016 Identification of a specific alpha-synuclein peptide (alpha-Syn 29-40) capable of eliciting microglial superoxide production to damage dopaminergic neurons. Superoxides 103-113 synuclein, alpha Mus musculus 54-63 27329107-7 2016 RESULTS: We report alpha-Syn (29-40) as a specific peptide capable of activating microglial Nox2 to produce superoxide and cause dopaminergic neuronal damage. Superoxides 108-118 synuclein, alpha Mus musculus 19-28 23271050-15 2013 TRPV1-KO mice showed impaired myeloperoxidase release, whereas TRPA1-KO mice exhibited diminished production of superoxide. Superoxides 112-122 transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1 Mus musculus 63-68 23531539-4 2013 AOX activity can control the level of potential mitochondrial signaling molecules such as superoxide, nitric oxide and important redox couples. Superoxides 90-100 acyl-CoA oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 23246566-8 2013 MnSOD is a critical endogenous antioxidant enzyme that scavenges excess superoxide radicals in the mitochondria. Superoxides 72-82 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 23319544-12 2013 In conclusion, inhibition of PDE-1 attenuated CIPH and reversed cold-induced PA remodeling by suppressing macrophage infiltration and superoxide production, suggesting that upregulation of PDE-1C expression may be involved in the pathogenesis of CIPH. Superoxides 134-144 phosphodiesterase 1C Rattus norvegicus 189-195 23324884-6 2013 Compared with the response of preoperative PMNs, PMNs assayed on days 3 and 5 after OPCAB demonstrated a significantly blunted increase in the expression of CD11b and CBRM1/5 after fMLF, significantly diminished shedding of CD62L in response to platelet-activating factor and fMLF, and diminished superoxide production after stimulation on day 3. Superoxides 297-307 integrin subunit alpha M Homo sapiens 157-162 23832357-5 2013 Additionally, markedly enhanced expression of p22(phox) and temporally increased expression of NADPH oxidase1 indicated that superoxide was produced. Superoxides 125-135 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 95-109 22997160-8 2013 Moreover, Sca-1(pos) CPCs isolated from hearts of diabetic mice displayed reduced activity of key enzymes of the pentose phosphate pathway, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and transketolase, increased levels of superoxide and advanced glucose end-products (AGE), and inhibition of the Akt/Pim-1/Bcl-2 signalling pathway. Superoxides 221-231 lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus A Mus musculus 10-15 24033955-2 2013 The P22phox subunit of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAPDH) oxidase, encoded by the cytochrome b245a polypeptide gene, CYBA, plays a key role in superoxide anion production. Superoxides 160-176 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 99-111 24175472-3 2013 They consist, from one side, in activating of the constitutive de novo biosynthesis of nitric oxide by cNOS, from other side, in suppression of inducible nitric oxide de novo synthesis by iNOS in such way to prevent the formation of toxic peroxynitrite by co-operation of surplus nitric oxide with superoxide anion, thereby limits the generation of toxic active forms of nitrogen (*NO2) and oxygen (*OH). Superoxides 298-314 nitric oxide synthase 3 Canis lupus familiaris 103-107 22257935-7 2013 BRCA1 gene therapy was associated with lower CLP-evoked cardiac and hepatic superoxide generation that in the liver was in part due to improved reactive oxygen species removal. Superoxides 76-86 breast cancer 1, early onset Mus musculus 0-5 23216904-4 2013 Here, we show that through the Ras/MEK pathway, Ras oncogene up-regulated the expression of superoxide-generating oxidases, Nox1 in rat REF52 cells and Nox4 in primary human lung TIG-3 cells, leading to an increase in intracellular level of ROS. Superoxides 92-102 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 124-128 23115037-5 2013 Relative to the wild-type UPEC isolate, the cyaA and crp deletion mutants are sensitive to nitrosative stress and the superoxide generator methyl viologen but remarkably resistant to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and acid stress. Superoxides 118-128 catabolite gene activator protein Escherichia coli 53-56 23305039-11 2013 Overexpression of Txnip enhanced HG-induced superoxide generation and aggravated cardiomyocyte apoptosis, whereas Txnip RNAi significantly blunted the deleterious effects of HG. Superoxides 44-54 thioredoxin interacting protein Rattus norvegicus 18-23 22983620-2 2013 Among three isozymes of superoxide dismutase (SOD), extracellular (EC)-SOD should play a role to detoxify O(2)(-) in extracellular space; however, a little is known about EC-SOD in brain. Superoxides 106-110 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 52-74 23300486-3 2013 AOX thus provides a bypath that releases constraints on the cytochrome pathway and prevents the over-reduction of the ubiquinone pool, a major source of superoxide. Superoxides 153-163 acyl-Coenzyme A oxidase 1, palmitoyl Mus musculus 0-3 23300486-5 2013 Thus, preventing RC blockade and excess superoxide production by means of AOX should be of considerable interest. Superoxides 40-50 acyl-Coenzyme A oxidase 1, palmitoyl Mus musculus 74-77 23091050-6 2012 Although inhibitors of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) or NOX2 NADPH oxidase caused a similar reduction in myocardial O(2)( -), only XOR inhibition reduced eNOS S-glutathionylation and Ser-1177 phosphorylation and restored both eNOS coupled activity and the negative inotropic and [Ca(2+)](i) transient response to beta(3)-AR stimulation in nNOS(-/-) mice. Superoxides 116-120 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 23-46 23091050-6 2012 Although inhibitors of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) or NOX2 NADPH oxidase caused a similar reduction in myocardial O(2)( -), only XOR inhibition reduced eNOS S-glutathionylation and Ser-1177 phosphorylation and restored both eNOS coupled activity and the negative inotropic and [Ca(2+)](i) transient response to beta(3)-AR stimulation in nNOS(-/-) mice. Superoxides 116-120 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 48-51 23091050-7 2012 In summary, our data show that increased O(2)( -) production by XOR selectively uncouples eNOS activity and abolishes the negative inotropic effect of beta(3)-AR stimulation in nNOS(-/-) myocytes. Superoxides 41-45 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 64-67 23124204-4 2012 We report a detailed examination of H(2)O(2) production during glycerol 3-phosphate oxidation by skeletal muscle, brown fat, brain, and heart mitochondria with an emphasis on conditions under which mGPDH itself is the source of superoxide and H(2)O(2). Superoxides 228-238 glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 198-203 23065119-3 2012 In the present work we demonstrate that heterologously expressed AAO1 and AAO3, two prominent members of the AO family from Arabidopsis thaliana, do not only generate hydrogen peroxide but also superoxide anions by transferring aldehyde-derived electrons to molecular oxygen. Superoxides 194-211 abscisic aldehyde oxidase 3 Arabidopsis thaliana 74-78 23065119-5 2012 In addition to their aldehyde oxidation activity, AAO1 and AAO3 were found to exhibit NADH oxidase activity, which likewise is associated with the production of superoxide anions. Superoxides 161-178 abscisic aldehyde oxidase 3 Arabidopsis thaliana 59-63 23240562-5 2012 Both superoxide and NO in moderate doses facilitate Ca2+ output from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, accelerating the course of "calcium clocks", but in higher doses they have opposite effect that may be neutralized mainly by reduced glutathione. Superoxides 5-15 carbonic anhydrase 2 Homo sapiens 52-55 22940066-4 2012 Similarly, the rate of superoxide production by the complex III site of quinol oxidation (site III(Qo)) was calibrated to the reduction state of endogenous cytochrome b(566). Superoxides 23-33 cytochrome b, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 156-168 23387274-3 2012 It is shown that the increased NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase activity is accompanied with the intensification of superoxide anion-radical generation in liver microsomal fraction of preliminary radiation-exposed rats. Superoxides 116-140 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Rattus norvegicus 31-63 22819981-6 2012 Increasing evidence suggests that Nox2 produces superoxide and Nox4 generates only hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 48-58 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 34-38 22280420-9 2012 Role of cytokines such as TNF-alpha, IL-17 or IL-6 and their links to superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production are discussed. Superoxides 70-80 interleukin 17A Homo sapiens 37-42 22823229-4 2012 We found that costimulation with TGFbeta1 decreased IFNgamma-induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-type-1 (STAT1) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which correlated with a reduced O(2) (-) and NO production in mixed and purified glial cultures. Superoxides 233-237 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 Homo sapiens 88-143 22823229-4 2012 We found that costimulation with TGFbeta1 decreased IFNgamma-induced phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription-type-1 (STAT1) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), which correlated with a reduced O(2) (-) and NO production in mixed and purified glial cultures. Superoxides 233-237 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 Homo sapiens 145-150 22829592-8 2012 These results demonstrate that Fe(2+)-generated O(2)() mediates p21(ras) and TAK1 activation via PTP inhibition and Lys(63)-polyUb of TRAF6 in caveosomes for proinflammatory M1 activation in HM. Superoxides 48-52 KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase Rattus norvegicus 64-67 22829592-8 2012 These results demonstrate that Fe(2+)-generated O(2)() mediates p21(ras) and TAK1 activation via PTP inhibition and Lys(63)-polyUb of TRAF6 in caveosomes for proinflammatory M1 activation in HM. Superoxides 48-52 mitogen activated protein kinase kinase kinase 7 Rattus norvegicus 77-81 22829592-8 2012 These results demonstrate that Fe(2+)-generated O(2)() mediates p21(ras) and TAK1 activation via PTP inhibition and Lys(63)-polyUb of TRAF6 in caveosomes for proinflammatory M1 activation in HM. Superoxides 48-52 TNF receptor associated factor 6 Rattus norvegicus 134-139 22441669-0 2012 PON3 is upregulated in cancer tissues and protects against mitochondrial superoxide-mediated cell death. Superoxides 73-83 paraoxonase 3 Homo sapiens 0-4 22441669-8 2012 PON3 is found overexpressed in various human tumors and diminishes mitochondrial superoxide formation. Superoxides 81-91 paraoxonase 3 Homo sapiens 0-4 23112419-4 2012 Moreover, BA significantly inhibited the increase of ROS level, as well as the decrease of NO level, the endothelial NOS (eNOS) activity, and the SOD activity in aortas induced by pyrogallol-derived superoxide anion. Superoxides 199-215 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 105-120 22815290-6 2012 3BP2 is required for optimal activation of Src family kinases, small GTPase Rac2, neutrophil superoxide anion production, and for Listeria monocytogenes bacterial clearance in vivo. Superoxides 93-109 SH3-domain binding protein 2 Mus musculus 0-4 22728270-9 2012 Accordingly, we suggest that PI3K/AKT signaling mediates TGIF-induced Nox2/p67(phox) complex activation and the resultant superoxide production which reinforces the PI3K/AKT signaling to promote the cellular migration/invasion ability of UC. Superoxides 122-132 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 70-74 22700772-14 2012 In conclusion, nNOS contributed to vascular relaxation in young, but not aging rats, where its enzymatic function shifted toward superoxide production. Superoxides 129-139 nitric oxide synthase 1 Rattus norvegicus 15-19 22580300-9 2012 UCP4 expression induced by c-Rel overexpression significantly decreased superoxide levels and preserved GSH levels and MMP under similar stress. Superoxides 72-82 REL proto-oncogene, NF-kB subunit Homo sapiens 27-32 22240895-8 2012 Within this context, ABC-me deletion causes an increase in mitochondrial superoxide production and protein carbonylation in erythroid precursors. Superoxides 73-83 ATP-binding cassette, sub-family B (MDR/TAP), member 10 Mus musculus 21-27 22573891-0 2012 GBF1 bears a novel phosphatidylinositol-phosphate binding module, BP3K, to link PI3Kgamma activity with Arf1 activation involved in GPCR-mediated neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide production. Superoxides 172-182 golgi brefeldin A resistant guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 22573891-0 2012 GBF1 bears a novel phosphatidylinositol-phosphate binding module, BP3K, to link PI3Kgamma activity with Arf1 activation involved in GPCR-mediated neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide production. Superoxides 172-182 ADP ribosylation factor 1 Homo sapiens 104-108 22573891-2 2012 GIT2, a GTPase-activating protein for Arf1, forms a complex with Gbetagamma and is integral for directional sensing and suppression of superoxide production. Superoxides 135-145 GIT ArfGAP 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 22573891-2 2012 GIT2, a GTPase-activating protein for Arf1, forms a complex with Gbetagamma and is integral for directional sensing and suppression of superoxide production. Superoxides 135-145 ADP ribosylation factor 1 Homo sapiens 38-42 22573891-3 2012 Here we show that GBF1, a guanine nucleotide exchanging factor for Arf-GTPases, is primarily responsible for Arf1 activation upon GPCR stimulation and is important for neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide production. Superoxides 194-204 golgi brefeldin A resistant guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 Homo sapiens 18-22 22200675-3 2012 The amplitude and time course of the increase of superoxide anion observed early during apoptosis correlated with the increase of the content of soluble cytochrome b(5), a substrate of the NADH-dependent oxidase activity of the cytochrome b(5) reductase associated with lipid rafts in CGN. Superoxides 49-65 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 153-165 22200675-3 2012 The amplitude and time course of the increase of superoxide anion observed early during apoptosis correlated with the increase of the content of soluble cytochrome b(5), a substrate of the NADH-dependent oxidase activity of the cytochrome b(5) reductase associated with lipid rafts in CGN. Superoxides 49-65 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 228-240 22200675-6 2012 In conclusion, our results indicate that overstimulation of cytochrome b(5) reductase associated with lipid rafts can account for the overshot of plasma membrane-focalized superoxide anion production that triggers the entry of CGN in the irreversible phase of apoptosis. Superoxides 172-188 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 60-72 22335598-0 2012 Ligand-activated PPARdelta inhibits UVB-induced senescence of human keratinocytes via PTEN-mediated inhibition of superoxide production. Superoxides 114-124 peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta Homo sapiens 17-26 22261313-9 2012 BDNF treatment inhibited apoptosis induced by a superoxide anion generator LY83583, and serum starvation-induced cell detachment. Superoxides 48-64 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 0-4 22304857-3 2012 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) can fuel ROS production by providing reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) for superoxide generation by NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 142-152 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 0-33 22304857-3 2012 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) can fuel ROS production by providing reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) for superoxide generation by NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 142-152 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 35-39 22056415-3 2012 First, Hv1 channels maintain a physiological membrane potential during the respiratory burst of neutrophils by providing a compensating charge for the electrons transferred by NOX2 from NADPH to superoxide. Superoxides 195-205 hepatitis virus (MHV-2) susceptibility Mus musculus 7-10 22362050-13 2012 The increased iNOS expression was correlated with increased expression of superoxide scavenger MnSOD. Superoxides 74-84 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 95-100 22243365-1 2012 Microglia express three isoforms of the NADPH oxidase, Nox1, Nox2 and Nox4, with the potential to produce superoxide (O(2) (-) ). Superoxides 106-116 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 55-59 22243365-1 2012 Microglia express three isoforms of the NADPH oxidase, Nox1, Nox2 and Nox4, with the potential to produce superoxide (O(2) (-) ). Superoxides 106-116 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 61-65 22243365-1 2012 Microglia express three isoforms of the NADPH oxidase, Nox1, Nox2 and Nox4, with the potential to produce superoxide (O(2) (-) ). Superoxides 106-116 NADPH oxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 70-74 22243365-1 2012 Microglia express three isoforms of the NADPH oxidase, Nox1, Nox2 and Nox4, with the potential to produce superoxide (O(2) (-) ). Superoxides 118-122 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 55-59 22243365-1 2012 Microglia express three isoforms of the NADPH oxidase, Nox1, Nox2 and Nox4, with the potential to produce superoxide (O(2) (-) ). Superoxides 118-122 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 61-65 22243365-1 2012 Microglia express three isoforms of the NADPH oxidase, Nox1, Nox2 and Nox4, with the potential to produce superoxide (O(2) (-) ). Superoxides 118-122 NADPH oxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 70-74 22653900-4 2012 Physiologically, superoxide is immediately transformed into hydrogen peroxide and diatomic oxygen with manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Superoxides 17-27 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 103-133 22653900-4 2012 Physiologically, superoxide is immediately transformed into hydrogen peroxide and diatomic oxygen with manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Superoxides 17-27 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 135-140 22215724-6 2012 Conversely, in hypoxic animals and cell cultures activation of CD47 by TSP1 disrupts this constitutive interaction, promoting eNOS-dependent superoxide production, oxidative stress, and PAH. Superoxides 141-151 CD47 molecule Homo sapiens 63-67 22215724-8 2012 Further, therapeutic blockade of CD47 activation in hypoxic pulmonary artery endothelial cells upregulated Cav-1, increased Cav-1CD47 co-association, decreased eNOS-derived superoxide, and protected animals from developing PAH. Superoxides 173-183 CD47 molecule Homo sapiens 33-37 22130631-1 2012 BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) converts superoxide anion into H(2)O(2), which is neutralized sequentially by either catalase (CAT) or glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx 1) into water or converted into highly reactive hypochlorous acid by myeloperoxidase (MPO). Superoxides 74-90 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 168-192 22130631-1 2012 BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) converts superoxide anion into H(2)O(2), which is neutralized sequentially by either catalase (CAT) or glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx 1) into water or converted into highly reactive hypochlorous acid by myeloperoxidase (MPO). Superoxides 74-90 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 194-199 22365606-3 2012 Phox-I1 binds to p67(phox) with a submicromolar affinity and abrogates Rac1 binding and is effective in inhibiting NOX2-mediated superoxide production dose-dependently in human and murine neutrophils without detectable toxicity. Superoxides 129-139 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 115-119 22293404-4 2012 Surprisingly, both CycD/Cdk4 addition and loss of function increase mitochondrial superoxide production and decrease lifespan, indicating that an imbalance in mitobiogenesis may lead to oxidative stress and aging. Superoxides 82-92 Cyclin D Drosophila melanogaster 19-23 22293404-4 2012 Surprisingly, both CycD/Cdk4 addition and loss of function increase mitochondrial superoxide production and decrease lifespan, indicating that an imbalance in mitobiogenesis may lead to oxidative stress and aging. Superoxides 82-92 Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 Drosophila melanogaster 24-28 22100343-0 2012 NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent intracellular and extracellular O2 - production in coronary arterial myocytes from CD38 knockout mice. Superoxides 58-60 CD38 antigen Mus musculus 109-113 22100343-4 2012 This study was designed to test a hypothesis that the CD38/cADPR pathway as a downstream event exerts feedback regulatory action on the NAD(P)H oxidase activity in production of extra- or intracellular O(2)( -) in mouse coronary arterial myocytes (CAMs). Superoxides 202-206 CD38 antigen Mus musculus 54-58 22100343-7 2012 Consistently, the OXO-induced intracellular O(2)( -) production was markedly inhibited by CD38 shRNA or the CD38 inhibitor nicotinamide in CD38(+/+) CAMs. Superoxides 44-48 CD38 antigen Mus musculus 90-94 22100343-7 2012 Consistently, the OXO-induced intracellular O(2)( -) production was markedly inhibited by CD38 shRNA or the CD38 inhibitor nicotinamide in CD38(+/+) CAMs. Superoxides 44-48 CD38 antigen Mus musculus 108-112 22100343-7 2012 Consistently, the OXO-induced intracellular O(2)( -) production was markedly inhibited by CD38 shRNA or the CD38 inhibitor nicotinamide in CD38(+/+) CAMs. Superoxides 44-48 CD38 antigen Mus musculus 108-112 22100343-8 2012 Further, Nox4 siRNA inhibited OXO-induced intracellular but not extracellular O(2)( -) production, whereas Nox1 siRNA attenuated both intracellular and extracellular O(2)( -) production in CD38(+/+) CAMs. Superoxides 166-170 CD38 antigen Mus musculus 189-193 22100343-11 2012 These results provide direct evidence that the CD38/cADPR pathway is an important controller of Nox4-mediated intracellular O(2)( -) production and that CD38-dependent intracellular O(2)( -) production is augmented in an autocrine manner by CD38-independent Nox1-derived extracellular O(2)( -) production in CAMs. Superoxides 124-128 CD38 antigen Mus musculus 47-51 22100343-11 2012 These results provide direct evidence that the CD38/cADPR pathway is an important controller of Nox4-mediated intracellular O(2)( -) production and that CD38-dependent intracellular O(2)( -) production is augmented in an autocrine manner by CD38-independent Nox1-derived extracellular O(2)( -) production in CAMs. Superoxides 182-186 CD38 antigen Mus musculus 153-157 22100343-11 2012 These results provide direct evidence that the CD38/cADPR pathway is an important controller of Nox4-mediated intracellular O(2)( -) production and that CD38-dependent intracellular O(2)( -) production is augmented in an autocrine manner by CD38-independent Nox1-derived extracellular O(2)( -) production in CAMs. Superoxides 182-186 CD38 antigen Mus musculus 153-157 22100343-11 2012 These results provide direct evidence that the CD38/cADPR pathway is an important controller of Nox4-mediated intracellular O(2)( -) production and that CD38-dependent intracellular O(2)( -) production is augmented in an autocrine manner by CD38-independent Nox1-derived extracellular O(2)( -) production in CAMs. Superoxides 182-186 CD38 antigen Mus musculus 153-157 22100343-11 2012 These results provide direct evidence that the CD38/cADPR pathway is an important controller of Nox4-mediated intracellular O(2)( -) production and that CD38-dependent intracellular O(2)( -) production is augmented in an autocrine manner by CD38-independent Nox1-derived extracellular O(2)( -) production in CAMs. Superoxides 182-186 CD38 antigen Mus musculus 153-157 22192670-9 2012 Both myocardial O(2)(-) and ONOO(-) are reduced by pre-operative statin treatment, through a Rac1-mediated suppression of NADPH oxidase activity. Superoxides 16-20 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 93-97 22108622-4 2012 Using hydroethidine (Het) method, the fluorescent signal of the oxidized products of Het (reflecting O(2) (-) production) significantly increased (by 50%-60%) following 60 min lasting seizures in all the studied structures, namely CA1, CA3 and dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, cerebral cortex and thalamus. Superoxides 101-107 carbonic anhydrase 3 Rattus norvegicus 236-239 22675339-2 2012 AGEs ligate to the receptor for AGEs (RAGE), promoting protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and superoxide radical generation. Superoxides 166-184 long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 914 Homo sapiens 38-42 22064362-8 2012 Activation of AMPK, a cellular metabolic sensor, and its downstream target ACC by low glucose concentration was largely inhibited by addition of MnTBAP, a MnSOD and catalase mimetic that also totally suppressed superoxide production. Superoxides 211-221 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 155-160 21884795-13 2012 Present results indicate that long-term MGO treatment has an inhibitory effect on contractility of isolated blood vessel, which is likely mediated via increased NOX1-derived superoxide production and subsequent apoptosis. Superoxides 174-184 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 161-165 21969089-4 2012 In addition, mkkk20 mutants showed higher accumulation of superoxide, a reactive oxygen species (ROS), compared to WT plants under high salt condition. Superoxides 58-68 mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 20 Arabidopsis thaliana 13-19 22693564-0 2012 Human stanniocalcin-1 suppresses angiotensin II-induced superoxide generation in cardiomyocytes through UCP3-mediated anti-oxidant pathway. Superoxides 56-66 uncoupling protein 3 Homo sapiens 104-108 23139859-5 2012 The mechanism involved impaired early neutrophil recruitment to the liver with Fpr1 and Fpr2 being sole receptors for neutrophils to sense Listeria chemoattractant signals and for production of bactericidal superoxide. Superoxides 207-217 formyl peptide receptor 2 Mus musculus 88-92 21962460-5 2012 Indeed, suppression of superoxide production by targeting the primary enzymatic source of superoxide in mammalian inflammatory cells, NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2), markedly alleviates influenza A virus-induced lung injury and virus replication, irrespective of the infecting strain. Superoxides 23-33 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 134-149 21962460-5 2012 Indeed, suppression of superoxide production by targeting the primary enzymatic source of superoxide in mammalian inflammatory cells, NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2), markedly alleviates influenza A virus-induced lung injury and virus replication, irrespective of the infecting strain. Superoxides 23-33 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 151-155 21962460-5 2012 Indeed, suppression of superoxide production by targeting the primary enzymatic source of superoxide in mammalian inflammatory cells, NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2), markedly alleviates influenza A virus-induced lung injury and virus replication, irrespective of the infecting strain. Superoxides 90-100 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 134-149 21962460-5 2012 Indeed, suppression of superoxide production by targeting the primary enzymatic source of superoxide in mammalian inflammatory cells, NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2), markedly alleviates influenza A virus-induced lung injury and virus replication, irrespective of the infecting strain. Superoxides 90-100 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 151-155 21826556-6 2011 Moreover, the inhibition of reactive oxygen species with allopurinol or apocynin in peritoneal leukocytes from old mice, suggest that both XO and NADPH oxidase contribute to the generation of superoxide anion, whereas the XO may have a special relevance in the production of hydrogen peroxyde. Superoxides 192-208 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 139-141 22063193-7 2011 In contrast, pyrogallol (a superoxide generator) augmented high pacing frequency-induced ANP secretion. Superoxides 27-37 natriuretic peptide A Rattus norvegicus 89-92 21712088-5 2011 Furthermore, the enhanced phosphorylation of EGFR in VSMC from SHR was also restored to control levels by captopril, losartan, PP2, a c-Src inhibitor and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) scavenger, whereas enhanced ERK1/2 phosphorylation was attenuated by captopril and losartan. Superoxides 181-197 epidermal growth factor receptor Rattus norvegicus 45-49 21712088-5 2011 Furthermore, the enhanced phosphorylation of EGFR in VSMC from SHR was also restored to control levels by captopril, losartan, PP2, a c-Src inhibitor and N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) scavenger, whereas enhanced ERK1/2 phosphorylation was attenuated by captopril and losartan. Superoxides 199-203 epidermal growth factor receptor Rattus norvegicus 45-49 21681764-6 2011 Higher polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity and total phenolic content were found in MC, dry CR (DCR) and asymptomatic tissue of wet CR (asympWCR) fruits than in healthy fruits, as well as significantly higher catalase and peroxidase activities in DCR and symptomatic tissue of WCR (sympWCR) fruits respectively, while asympWCR fruits showed a marked increase in malondialdehyde content, membrane permeability and superoxide production and a significant decrease in superoxide dismutase activity. Superoxides 411-421 polyphenol oxidase, chloroplastic Malus domestica 27-30 21605479-7 2011 There was a significant negative correlation between CD45-, CD34+, KDR+, and CD133+ cell levels and the severity of sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome and superoxide anion. Superoxides 151-167 protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C Homo sapiens 53-57 22004287-8 2011 RESULTS: Eosinophil adhesion to ICAM-1 was significantly enhanced by IP-10, which also significantly induced eosinophil O2- generation in the presence of ICAM-1. Superoxides 120-122 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 32-38 22004287-8 2011 RESULTS: Eosinophil adhesion to ICAM-1 was significantly enhanced by IP-10, which also significantly induced eosinophil O2- generation in the presence of ICAM-1. Superoxides 120-122 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 Homo sapiens 69-74 22102021-1 2011 The manganese-specific superoxide dismutase SOD2 from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a protein that resides in the mitochondrion and protects it against attack by superoxide radicals. Superoxides 23-33 superoxide dismutase SOD2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 44-48 22102021-6 2011 Additionally, the surface-potential distribution of SOD2 revealed a conserved positively charged electrostatic zone in the proximity of the active site that probably functions in the same way as in Cu/Zn-SODs by facilitating the diffusion of the superoxide anion to the metal ion. Superoxides 246-262 superoxide dismutase SOD2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 52-56 21784147-4 2011 SAA (10mug/ml) stimulated a Ca(2+) influx linked to apocynin-sensitive superoxide radical anion (O(2)( -)) production. Superoxides 71-95 serum amyloid A1 cluster Homo sapiens 0-3 21784147-4 2011 SAA (10mug/ml) stimulated a Ca(2+) influx linked to apocynin-sensitive superoxide radical anion (O(2)( -)) production. Superoxides 97-101 serum amyloid A1 cluster Homo sapiens 0-3 21703327-12 2011 Scavengers for O(2)(-), ONOO(-) or NO attenuated induction of ATF4 by CSE. Superoxides 15-19 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 62-66 21966644-7 2011 RESULTS: Superoxide levels increased 1.4-fold in the muscle of mice with cancer cachexia, and this was associated with a decrease in mRNA of NOX enzyme subunits, NOX2, p40(phox) and p67(phox) along with the antioxidant enzymes SOD1, SOD2 and GPx. Superoxides 9-19 interleukin 9 Mus musculus 168-171 21690482-13 2011 In low-flow remodeling, heme oxygenase 1 induction requires macrophage infiltration and is mediated by NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide. Superoxides 125-135 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 24-40 21474820-5 2011 IL17A/ApoE(-/-) mice had reduced aortic superoxide production, increased aortic nitric oxide levels, decreased aortic leukocyte and dendritic cell infiltration, and reduced weight gain after a high-fat diet compared with ApoE(-/-) mice. Superoxides 40-50 interleukin 17A Mus musculus 0-5 21467031-4 2011 Here, we give evidence of a mechanism for the reverse reaction, namely dark reoxidation of protein-bound flavin in Arabidopsis thaliana cryptochrome (AtCRY1) by molecular oxygen that involves formation of a spin-correlated FADH( )-superoxide radical pair. Superoxides 231-241 cryptochrome 1 Arabidopsis thaliana 150-156 21641399-2 2011 Genetic defects of NADPH oxidase 2-based proteins interrupt phagocyte superoxide generation and are the basis for the human immunodeficiency chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Superoxides 70-80 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 19-34 21194376-5 2011 Inhibitors of Hsp90 also reduced superoxide from Nox1, Nox2 (neutrophils), and Nox3. Superoxides 33-43 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 55-59 21327719-2 2011 A previous study showed that Ald induces hypertrophy of VSMCs by up-regulating NOX1, a catalytic subunit of NADPH oxidase that produces superoxides. Superoxides 136-147 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 79-83 21410334-10 2011 In contrast, release of superoxide anions (hydroethidine method) after incubation with travoprost/timolol BAK was not significantly different from incubation with latanoprost/timolol BAK or travoprost/timolol PQ. Superoxides 24-41 BCL2 antagonist/killer 1 Homo sapiens 106-109 21463685-0 2011 The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway mediates retinal progenitor cell survival under hypoxic and superoxide stress. Superoxides 86-96 mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase Rattus norvegicus 13-17 21079197-12 2011 Increased NADPH oxidase activity is associated with increased superoxide production and lipid peroxidation. Superoxides 62-72 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 10-15 21383306-3 2011 The present study examined the hypothesis that HO-1 induction in a rat model of placental ischemia would beneficially affect blood pressure, angiogenic balance, superoxide, and endothelin 1 production in the ischemic placenta. Superoxides 161-171 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 47-51 21383306-7 2011 Placental superoxide increased in RUPP (952.5+-278.8 versus 243.9+-70.5 relative light units/min per milligram) but was significantly attenuated by HO-1 induction (482.7+-117.4 relative light units/min per milligram). Superoxides 10-20 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 148-152 21780368-3 2011 Our results showed that superoxide levels were significantly increased in a time-dependent manner in blood monocyte-derived macrophages treated with 100 microg/ml MWCNTs for 12 h. Concomitantly, MWCNTs induced membrane translocation of the NADPH oxidase subunits p47phox and p67phox, a signature event for NADPH oxidase activation. Superoxides 24-34 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 263-270 21213045-0 2011 Proline rich polypeptide (PRP-1) increases the superoxide-producing and ferrihemoglobin reducing activities of cytochrome B(558) isoforms from human lymphosarcoma tissue cells. Superoxides 47-57 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 111-123 21343298-1 2011 In contrast to the NADPH oxidases Nox1 and Nox2, which generate superoxide (O(2)( -)), Nox4 produces hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). Superoxides 64-74 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 43-47 21343298-1 2011 In contrast to the NADPH oxidases Nox1 and Nox2, which generate superoxide (O(2)( -)), Nox4 produces hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)). Superoxides 76-80 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 43-47 21241727-10 2011 CONCLUSIONS: the impaired defense against mitochondrial superoxide formation in SOD2+/- mice prolongs JNK activation after APAP overdose and consequently further enhances the mitochondrial oxidant stress leading to exaggerated mitochondrial dysfunction, release of intermembrane proteins with nuclear DNA fragmentation and more necrosis. Superoxides 56-66 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 102-105 21193407-12 2011 Stimulation with NB1-activating mAb triggered degranulation and superoxide production in mNB1(pos)/mPR3(high) neutrophils, and this effect was reduced using blocking antibodies to CD11b. Superoxides 64-74 proteinase 3 Mus musculus 99-103 21193407-12 2011 Stimulation with NB1-activating mAb triggered degranulation and superoxide production in mNB1(pos)/mPR3(high) neutrophils, and this effect was reduced using blocking antibodies to CD11b. Superoxides 64-74 integrin subunit alpha M Homo sapiens 180-185 21164151-10 2011 These results indicate that superoxide anions in the PVN mediate the CSAR and the effects of ANG II in the PVN. Superoxides 28-45 angiogenin Rattus norvegicus 93-96 21278346-0 2011 GCN5 regulates the superoxide-generating system in leukocytes via controlling gp91-phox gene expression. Superoxides 19-29 lysine acetyltransferase 2A Homo sapiens 0-4 21278346-0 2011 GCN5 regulates the superoxide-generating system in leukocytes via controlling gp91-phox gene expression. Superoxides 19-29 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 78-87 21278346-7 2011 When human monoblastic U937 cells were cultured in the presence of IFN-gamma, transcription of gp91-phox was remarkably upregulated, and the cells were differentiated to macrophage-like cells that can produce O(2)(-). Superoxides 209-213 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 95-104 21278346-9 2011 These results suggested that GCN5 regulates the O(2)(-)-generating system in leukocytes via controlling the gp91-phox gene expression as a supervisor. Superoxides 48-53 lysine acetyltransferase 2A Homo sapiens 29-33 21278346-9 2011 These results suggested that GCN5 regulates the O(2)(-)-generating system in leukocytes via controlling the gp91-phox gene expression as a supervisor. Superoxides 48-53 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 108-117 21037555-2 2011 K-ras activates Rac1-dependent NADPH oxidase, a key source of superoxide. Superoxides 62-72 KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 0-5 21037555-2 2011 K-ras activates Rac1-dependent NADPH oxidase, a key source of superoxide. Superoxides 62-72 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 16-20 21037555-11 2011 These results suggest that activation of Rac1-dependent superoxide generation leads to pancreatic cancer cell proliferation. Superoxides 56-66 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 41-45 20959139-6 2011 In addition, NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor DPI and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a scavenger of superoxide anion (O2-) also inhibited the enhanced phosphorylation of PDGFR and IGF-1R and c-Src in VSMC from SHR to control levels. Superoxides 86-102 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Rattus norvegicus 177-182 20959139-6 2011 In addition, NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor DPI and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a scavenger of superoxide anion (O2-) also inhibited the enhanced phosphorylation of PDGFR and IGF-1R and c-Src in VSMC from SHR to control levels. Superoxides 104-106 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Rattus norvegicus 177-182 21072051-2 2011 Using targeted approaches against components of the superoxide-producing NADPH-oxidases, including NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), NOX4 and the common p22(phox) subunit of NOX1-4, myeloid cells were found to display reduced cell growth and spontaneous migration. Superoxides 52-62 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 99-114 21072051-2 2011 Using targeted approaches against components of the superoxide-producing NADPH-oxidases, including NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), NOX4 and the common p22(phox) subunit of NOX1-4, myeloid cells were found to display reduced cell growth and spontaneous migration. Superoxides 52-62 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 116-120 21368884-9 2011 Apart from CHOP, PON2 also diminished intrinsic apoptosis as it prevented mitochondrial superoxide formation, cardiolipin peroxidation, cytochrome c release, and caspase activation. Superoxides 88-98 paraoxonase 2 Homo sapiens 17-21 20708598-0 2011 Characterization of superoxide overproduction by the D-Loop(Nox4)-Nox2 cytochrome b(558) in phagocytes-Differential sensitivity to calcium and phosphorylation events. Superoxides 20-30 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 66-70 20708598-0 2011 Characterization of superoxide overproduction by the D-Loop(Nox4)-Nox2 cytochrome b(558) in phagocytes-Differential sensitivity to calcium and phosphorylation events. Superoxides 20-30 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 71-83 20708598-2 2011 It becomes active when membrane-bound cytochrome b(558), the redox core, is assembled with cytosolic p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and rac proteins to produce superoxide, the precursor for generation of toxic reactive oxygen species. Superoxides 162-172 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 38-50 20708598-3 2011 In a previous study, we demonstrated that the potential second intracellular loop of Nox2 was essential to maintaining NADPH oxidase activity by controlling electron transfer from FAD to O(2). Superoxides 187-191 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 85-89 20708598-4 2011 Moreover, replacement of this loop by the Nox4-D-loop (D-loop(Nox4)-Nox2) in PLB-985 cells induced superoxide overproduction. Superoxides 99-109 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 68-72 20708598-10 2011 The superoxide overproduction of the D-loop(Nox4)-Nox2 mutant may come from a change of responsiveness to intracellular Ca(2+) level and to phosphorylation events during oxidase activation. Superoxides 4-14 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 50-54 20942796-8 2011 The effects of HO-1 induction were less dramatic in the absence of substrate for CYP1A2, suggesting that the enzyme was more effective in inhibiting the CYP1A2-related activity than the CPR-related production of superoxide (that dismutates to form hydrogen peroxide). Superoxides 212-222 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 15-19 20942796-8 2011 The effects of HO-1 induction were less dramatic in the absence of substrate for CYP1A2, suggesting that the enzyme was more effective in inhibiting the CYP1A2-related activity than the CPR-related production of superoxide (that dismutates to form hydrogen peroxide). Superoxides 212-222 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Rattus norvegicus 186-189 21114366-11 2011 Taken together, these data suggest that adiponectin is an adipokine that suppresses platelet aggregation by enhancing eNOS activation and attenuating oxidative/nitrative stress including blocking iNOS expression and superoxide production. Superoxides 216-226 adiponectin, C1Q and collagen domain containing Rattus norvegicus 40-51 21909393-1 2011 BACKGROUND: Extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3), which dismutates superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide, has been shown to reduce the free radical stress derived apoptosis in tissue injuries. Superoxides 72-88 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 48-52 21909393-7 2011 CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: The study shows the complexity of SOD3-derived effects on tissue injury recovery that are not limited to the reduction of superoxide anion caused cellular stress but highlights the impact of SOD3 related signal transduction on tissue functions and suggests an important role for SOD3 in attenuating cell stress effects in different pathological conditions. Superoxides 152-168 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 64-68 21172066-4 2010 Moreover NGAL levels increase in correlation with the age, and showed a significantly correlation between the increase with the severity of disease.DS is characterized by an enhancement of gene production such as GART, SOD-1 and CBS that encode specific protein and enzyme involved in hydrogen peroxide and superoxide production, species highly cytotoxic implicated in inflammation and ageing.NGAL may have the potential application to ameliorate the toxicity induced by oxidative stress conditions such as Alzheimer"s disease, thalassemia, cardiovascular disease, burn injury, transplantation, diabetes, and aging. Superoxides 307-317 lipocalin 2 Homo sapiens 9-13 20467833-1 2010 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) catalyzes the dismutation of the biologically toxic superoxide anion into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide and is deployed by the immune system to kill invading microorganisms. Superoxides 79-95 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 22-25 21120355-9 2010 A significant stimulatory effect of IL-15 on O2- and H2O2 release suggests that fungicidal activity was dependent on the activation of oxidative metabolism. Superoxides 45-47 interleukin 15 Homo sapiens 36-41 20223106-9 2010 Brain and plasma malondialdehyde, HMGB1, and ICAM-1 were significantly attenuated in the UTI group compared with those in the control group, except for brain HMGB1, which was associated with the amount of O2- generated during FBI/R. Superoxides 205-207 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 158-163 20814019-0 2010 Transcriptional upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in rostral ventrolateral medulla by angiotensin II: significance in superoxide homeostasis and neural regulation of arterial pressure. Superoxides 134-144 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 32-65 20814019-3 2010 OBJECTIVE: We assessed the hypothesis that BDNF plays an active role in oxidative stress-associated neurogenic hypertension by maintaining superoxide anion (O-(. Superoxides 139-155 brain derived neurotrophic factor Homo sapiens 43-47 20656887-3 2010 Chronic ANG-(1-7) infusion significantly reduced vascular superoxide levels and restored the nitric oxide-dependent dilation to ACh (10(-10)-10(-5) M) that was lost in MCAs of rats fed a HS diet. Superoxides 58-68 angiogenin Rattus norvegicus 8-11 20493824-0 2010 Tiam1/Rac1 signaling pathway mediates palmitate-induced, ceramide-sensitive generation of superoxides and lipid peroxides and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in pancreatic beta-cells. Superoxides 90-101 TIAM Rac1 associated GEF 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 20493824-9 2010 Together, our findings suggest that Tiam1/Rac1 signaling pathway regulates PA-induced, CER-dependent superoxide generation and mitochondrial dysfunction in pancreatic beta-cells. Superoxides 101-111 TIAM Rac1 associated GEF 1 Rattus norvegicus 36-41 20600837-9 2010 At 24h, UCP5 overexpression preserved MMP, ATP levels, and cell survival; attenuated superoxide generation; and maintained oxidative phosphorylation as indicated by lower lactate levels. Superoxides 85-95 solute carrier family 25 member 14 Homo sapiens 8-12 20553682-0 2010 Vascular superoxide production by endothelin-1 requires Src non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase and MAPK activation. Superoxides 9-19 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Rattus norvegicus 56-59 20553682-3 2010 At 2 h, ET-1 induced an increase in NADPH oxidase-driven O(2)(*-) production in rat isolated aortic rings, which was completely suppressed in PP2 (c-Src inhibitor)-pretreated rings, whereas PP3 (inactive analogue of PP2) was without effect. Superoxides 57-65 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Rattus norvegicus 147-152 20479714-5 2010 The effect of inhibiting diabetes-induced retinal superoxide accumulation on MMP2 and its regulators was investigated in diabetic mice overexpressing mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Superoxides 50-60 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Mus musculus 77-81 21082491-2 2010 The cytochrome b-245 alpha gene (CYBA) encodes cytochrome b-245 alpha light chain (p22phox peptide), a critical element of NAD(P)H oxidases, the most important source of superoxide anion in the cerebral arteries. Superoxides 170-186 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 4-16 20530481-0 2010 One enzyme, two functions: PON2 prevents mitochondrial superoxide formation and apoptosis independent from its lactonase activity. Superoxides 55-65 paraoxonase 2 Homo sapiens 27-31 20530481-6 2010 We demonstrate that PON2 indirectly but specifically reduced superoxide release from the inner mitochondrial membrane, irrespective whether resulting from complex I or complex III of the electron transport chain. Superoxides 61-71 paraoxonase 2 Homo sapiens 20-24 20621841-3 2010 CKII inhibition by treatment with CKII inhibitor or CKIIalpha small-interfering RNA (siRNA) increased intracellular hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anion levels. Superoxides 138-154 casein kinase 2 alpha 2 Homo sapiens 52-61 20448043-6 2010 via AT1and PKC alpha-dependent NADPH oxidase activation.In rat TALs, 1 nM Ang II stimulated O2. Superoxides 92-94 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 11-20 20448043-14 2010 A general PKC inhibitor, GF109203X, blocked the effect of Ang II on O2(1.47 +/- .21 versus 2.72 +/- .47 nmol/min/mg with Ang II alone; p < 0.03). Superoxides 68-70 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 10-13 20448043-15 2010 A PKCalpha- and ss-selective inhibitor, Go6976, also blocked the stimulatory effect of Ang II on O2. Superoxides 97-99 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 2-10 19733484-7 2010 Finally, p22-phox and p47-phox, key players in the superoxide-generating NAD(P)H oxidase, were also up-regulated by reduced compliance. Superoxides 51-61 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 22-30 20304813-3 2010 Inhibitors of Nox2 (0.1 mM apocynin and 50 muM gp91-dstat) and mitochondrial electron transport (10 muM antimycin and rotenone) decreased superoxide generation in BPA without affecting contraction to 25 mM KCl or the HPV response. Superoxides 138-148 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Bos taurus 14-18 20304813-4 2010 Transfection of BPA with small inhibitory RNA (siRNA) for Nox2 and Nox4 decreased Nox2 and Nox4 protein expression, respectively, associated with an attenuation of superoxide detection, without affecting 25 mM KCl contraction. Superoxides 164-174 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Bos taurus 58-62 20304813-9 2010 Thus Nox2 and mitochondria are sources for superoxide generation in BPA, which do not appear to influence the HPV response. Superoxides 43-53 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Bos taurus 5-9 20357031-1 2010 We previously demonstrated that K depletion inhibited ROMK-like small-conductance K channels (SK) in the cortical collecting duct (CCD) and that the effect was mediated by superoxide anions that stimulated Src family protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) (51). Superoxides 172-189 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Rattus norvegicus 206-209 20439821-0 2010 Angiotensin II-induced vascular smooth muscle cell migration and growth are mediated by cytochrome P450 1B1-dependent superoxide generation. Superoxides 118-128 cytochrome P450, family 1, subfamily b, polypeptide 1 Rattus norvegicus 88-107 20171273-3 2010 Here, to further investigate the role of HIPK2 in p53 activation, we started with the finding that HIPK2 inhibition upregulated Nox1, a homolog of the catalytic subunit of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase, involved in tumor progression and ROS production. Superoxides 176-186 homeodomain interacting protein kinase 2 Homo sapiens 99-104 20074642-8 2010 These results demonstrate that in COS(phox) cells, P-Rex1 is a critical component for FPR1-mediated signaling leading to NADPH oxidase activation, and there is a crosstalk between the P-Rex1-Rac pathway and Akt in superoxide generation. Superoxides 214-224 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 191-194 20346917-0 2010 Curcumin dramatically enhances retinoic acid-induced superoxide generating activity via accumulation of p47-phox and p67-phox proteins in U937 cells. Superoxides 53-63 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 104-112 20346917-1 2010 The membrane bound cytochrome b558 composed of large gp91-phox and small p22-phox subunits, and cytosolic proteins p40-, p47- and p67-phox are important components of superoxide (O(2)(-))-generating system in phagocytes and B lymphocytes. Superoxides 167-177 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 19-31 20346917-1 2010 The membrane bound cytochrome b558 composed of large gp91-phox and small p22-phox subunits, and cytosolic proteins p40-, p47- and p67-phox are important components of superoxide (O(2)(-))-generating system in phagocytes and B lymphocytes. Superoxides 167-177 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 53-62 20346917-1 2010 The membrane bound cytochrome b558 composed of large gp91-phox and small p22-phox subunits, and cytosolic proteins p40-, p47- and p67-phox are important components of superoxide (O(2)(-))-generating system in phagocytes and B lymphocytes. Superoxides 179-182 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 19-31 20346917-1 2010 The membrane bound cytochrome b558 composed of large gp91-phox and small p22-phox subunits, and cytosolic proteins p40-, p47- and p67-phox are important components of superoxide (O(2)(-))-generating system in phagocytes and B lymphocytes. Superoxides 179-182 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 53-62 20089675-8 2010 In cultured proximal tubular cells, TK inhibited angiotensin II-induced superoxide production and NADH oxidase activity via NO formation. Superoxides 72-82 kallikrein 1-related peptidase C12 Rattus norvegicus 36-38 20214507-6 2010 Plasma and liver high-mobility group box 1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were also suppressed with the suppression of O(2).- generation. Superoxides 187-191 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 17-42 20214507-6 2010 Plasma and liver high-mobility group box 1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, plasma aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were also suppressed with the suppression of O(2).- generation. Superoxides 187-191 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 44-77 20172962-3 2010 However, here we show that DHEAS, but not DHEA, increases superoxide generation in primed human neutrophils in a dose-dependent fashion, thereby impacting on a key bactericidal mechanism. Superoxides 58-68 sulfotransferase family 2A member 1 Homo sapiens 27-32 20172962-7 2010 Enhanced PKC-beta activation by DHEAS resulted in increased phosphorylation of p47(phox), a crucial component of the active reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate complex responsible for neutrophil superoxide generation. Superoxides 211-221 sulfotransferase family 2A member 1 Homo sapiens 32-37 20172962-8 2010 Our results demonstrate that PKC-beta acts as an intracellular receptor for DHEAS in human neutrophils, a signaling mechanism entirely distinct from the role of DHEA as sex steroid precursor and with important implications for immunesenescence, which includes reduced neutrophil superoxide generation in response to pathogens. Superoxides 279-289 sulfotransferase family 2A member 1 Homo sapiens 76-81 20379047-11 2010 These results suggest that the main source of superoxide by metabolic stimuli is cardiac myocytes and Mn-SOD is a scavenger from superoxide to H(2)O(2). Superoxides 46-56 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 102-108 20379047-11 2010 These results suggest that the main source of superoxide by metabolic stimuli is cardiac myocytes and Mn-SOD is a scavenger from superoxide to H(2)O(2). Superoxides 129-139 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 102-108 20025971-0 2010 VEGF up-regulation by G93A superoxide dismutase and the role of malate-aspartate shuttle inhibition. Superoxides 27-37 vascular endothelial growth factor A Mus musculus 0-4 19946124-0 2010 Beta-actin association with endothelial nitric-oxide synthase modulates nitric oxide and superoxide generation from the enzyme. Superoxides 89-99 POTE ankyrin domain family member F Homo sapiens 0-10 19946124-3 2010 In the present study, we found that beta-actin-induced increase in NO production was accompanied by decrease in superoxide formation. Superoxides 112-122 POTE ankyrin domain family member F Homo sapiens 36-46 19946124-5 2010 Peptide 326 also prevented beta-actin-induced decrease in superoxide formation and increase in NO and L-citrulline production. Superoxides 58-68 POTE ankyrin domain family member F Homo sapiens 27-37 19968973-9 2010 The amount of O(2)(-) generated during FBI/R correlated with malondialdehyde, HMGB1, and ICAM1 in both the brain and plasma. Superoxides 14-18 high mobility group box 1 Rattus norvegicus 78-83 19968973-9 2010 The amount of O(2)(-) generated during FBI/R correlated with malondialdehyde, HMGB1, and ICAM1 in both the brain and plasma. Superoxides 14-18 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 89-94 20026664-0 2010 VSOP/Hv1 proton channels sustain calcium entry, neutrophil migration, and superoxide production by limiting cell depolarization and acidification. Superoxides 74-84 hepatitis virus (MHV-2) susceptibility Mus musculus 5-8 20026664-2 2010 Voltage-gated proton channels (voltage-sensing domain only protein [VSOP]/Hv1) are required for high-level superoxide production by phagocytes, but the mechanism of this effect is not established. Superoxides 107-117 hepatitis virus (MHV-2) susceptibility Mus musculus 74-77 20026664-4 2010 VSOP/Hv1-/- neutrophils had a more acidic cytosol, were more depolarized, and produced less superoxide and hydrogen peroxide than neutrophils from wild-type mice. Superoxides 92-102 hepatitis virus (MHV-2) susceptibility Mus musculus 5-8 19892704-0 2010 Decreased superoxide production in macrophages of long-lived p66Shc knock-out mice. Superoxides 10-20 src homology 2 domain-containing transforming protein C1 Mus musculus 61-67 19892704-3 2010 Our microarray analysis of p66Shc(-/-) mouse tissues showed alterations in transcripts involved in heme and superoxide production and insulin signaling. Superoxides 108-118 src homology 2 domain-containing transforming protein C1 Mus musculus 27-33 19892704-5 2010 p66Shc(-/-) mice had a 40% reduction in PHOX-dependent superoxide production. Superoxides 55-65 src homology 2 domain-containing transforming protein C1 Mus musculus 0-6 19892704-6 2010 To confirm whether the defect in superoxide production was a direct consequence of p66Shc deficiency, p66Shc was knocked down with siRNA in the macrophage cell line RAW264, and a 30% defect in superoxide generation was observed. Superoxides 193-203 src homology 2 domain-containing transforming protein C1 Mus musculus 102-108 19892704-10 2010 Thus, p66Shc deficiency causes a defect in activation of the PHOX complex that results in decreased superoxide production. Superoxides 100-110 src homology 2 domain-containing transforming protein C1 Mus musculus 6-12 19892704-12 2010 Because phagocyte-derived superoxide is often a component of oxidant injury and inflammation, we suggest that the decreased superoxide production by PHOX in p66Shc-deficient mice could contribute significantly to their relative protection from oxidant injury and consequent longevity. Superoxides 26-36 src homology 2 domain-containing transforming protein C1 Mus musculus 157-163 19892704-12 2010 Because phagocyte-derived superoxide is often a component of oxidant injury and inflammation, we suggest that the decreased superoxide production by PHOX in p66Shc-deficient mice could contribute significantly to their relative protection from oxidant injury and consequent longevity. Superoxides 124-134 src homology 2 domain-containing transforming protein C1 Mus musculus 157-163 20204742-4 2010 Additional studies have revealed an important contribution of superoxide anion (O2-)-induced RhoA activation to both receptor-mediated and membrane depolarization-induced myofilament Ca2+ sensitization in hypertensive pulmonary arteries. Superoxides 62-78 ras homolog family member A Rattus norvegicus 93-97 20204742-4 2010 Additional studies have revealed an important contribution of superoxide anion (O2-)-induced RhoA activation to both receptor-mediated and membrane depolarization-induced myofilament Ca2+ sensitization in hypertensive pulmonary arteries. Superoxides 80-82 ras homolog family member A Rattus norvegicus 93-97 20204742-5 2010 Xanthine oxidase and NADPH oxidase isoforms are potential sources of O2- that mediate RhoA-dependent vasoconstriction and associated pulmonary hypertension. Superoxides 69-71 ras homolog family member A Rattus norvegicus 86-90 19907415-7 2010 AS605240 significantly abrogated myeloperoxidase- or proteinase 3-ANCA-stimulated superoxide production in vitro. Superoxides 82-92 myeloperoxidase Mus musculus 33-48 19907415-7 2010 AS605240 significantly abrogated myeloperoxidase- or proteinase 3-ANCA-stimulated superoxide production in vitro. Superoxides 82-92 proteinase 3 Mus musculus 53-65 21208524-2 2010 Pericytes are known to be susceptible to oxidative stress and selective dropout of pericytes is one of the earliest pathological changes in DR. Extracellular-superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is a major antioxidative enzyme and protects vascular cells from the damaging effects of superoxide. Superoxides 158-168 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 180-186 19797171-10 2009 Increased superoxide production was associated with increased expression of NAD(P)H oxidase 1 and its molecular regulators, Noxo1 and Noxa1. Superoxides 10-20 NADPH oxidase organizer 1 Mus musculus 124-129 19797171-11 2009 CONCLUSIONS: Deletion of PTP1B improved both endothelium dependent and independent NO-mediated dilation and reduced superoxide generation in db/db mice. Superoxides 116-126 protein tyrosine phosphatase, non-receptor type 1 Mus musculus 25-30 19889994-3 2009 E(2) neuroprotection was shown to involve a profound attenuation of NADPH oxidase activation and superoxide production in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons after stroke, an effect mediated by extranuclear estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha)-mediated nongenomic signaling, involving Akt activation and subsequent phosphorylation/inactivation of Rac1, a factor critical for activation of NOX2 NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 97-107 carbonic anhydrase 1 Homo sapiens 134-137 19762685-8 2009 CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that transcriptional upregulation of mitochondrial UCP2 in response to an elevation in superoxide plays an active role in feedback regulation of reactive oxygen species production in RVLM and neurogenic hypertension associated with chronic oxidative stress. Superoxides 122-132 uncoupling protein 2 Rattus norvegicus 86-90 19681754-3 2009 Noxs (NADPH oxidases) are well-known sources of superoxide, which contribute to the antimicrobial capabilities of macrophages, a process involving the prototypical member of the family referred to as Nox2. Superoxides 48-58 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 200-204 19751728-1 2009 The NADPH-oxidase of phagocytic cells is a multicomponent enzyme that generates superoxide. Superoxides 80-90 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 4-9 19666844-5 2009 Anti-MCP-1 attenuated superoxide production and the protein expression of nitrotyrosine, which is an indicator of peroxynitrite production, in isolated coronary arterioles of Lepr(db) mice. Superoxides 22-32 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 Mus musculus 5-10 19616620-8 2009 The generation and attenuation of O(2)(-) were indirectly confirmed by plasma lipid peroxidation with malondialdehyde, endothelial injury with soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and microcirculatory dysfunction. Superoxides 34-38 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 151-184 19687351-2 2009 The NADPH oxidase constitutes a major source of superoxide anion in phagocytic cells, and its activation is associated with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 secretion by these cells. Superoxides 48-64 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Homo sapiens 124-156 20083859-3 2009 NADPH oxidases (Nox) are the predominant producers of superoxide in the vasculature, whereas superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1) are the major enzymes responsible for the inactivation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, respectively. Superoxides 93-103 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 150-154 19523965-5 2009 Repetitive adult exposure to the NMDA-R antagonist ketamine increases the levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 in brain which, through activation of the superoxide-producing enzyme NADPH oxidase (Nox2), leads to the loss of the GABAergic phenotype of PV-interneurons and to decreased inhibitory activity in prefrontal cortex. Superoxides 169-179 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 212-216 19559404-3 2009 We studied the role of the superoxide-producing nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (NOX2) in rats exposed to social isolation. Superoxides 27-37 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 48-111 19559404-3 2009 We studied the role of the superoxide-producing nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 2 (NOX2) in rats exposed to social isolation. Superoxides 27-37 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 113-117 19328559-9 2009 These results confirm the key role of O2- generation in the ROS cascade in PMN and reveal its critical role on MPO inactivation. Superoxides 38-40 myeloperoxidase Equus caballus 111-114 19497305-2 2009 Rac1-GTPase is an essential component of the superoxide-producing NADPH-oxidase complex. Superoxides 45-55 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 19497305-9 2009 In summary, the data show that down-regulation of Rac1-GTPase contributes to the inhibition of angiotensin II-mediated superoxide release by 17beta-estradiol in monocytes. Superoxides 119-129 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 50-54 19207718-3 2009 The present study tested the hypothesis that a high-cholesterol diet accelerates endothelial dysfunction in Ins2(Akita) mice, a Type 1 diabetic model with a spontaneous autosomal preproinsulin gene (Ins2 gene) mutation, through further increase of superoxide production. Superoxides 248-258 insulin II Mus musculus 199-203 19632579-11 2009 Post-C was associated with a significant reduction in tissue injury and superoxide production in LDLR(-/-) and C57bl/6 (p < 0.05), but these effects were not observed in animals fed the high-cholesterol diet. Superoxides 72-82 low density lipoprotein receptor Mus musculus 97-101 19357530-11 2009 The interaction between insulin resistance and abnormally high NADPH oxidase-mediated superoxide production was associated with the highest matrix metalloproteinase-9 values. Superoxides 86-96 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Homo sapiens 140-166 19398669-8 2009 Both MTHFR genotype and vascular 5-MTHF were associated with vascular nitric oxide bioavailability and superoxide generated by uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Superoxides 103-113 methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase Homo sapiens 5-10 19372380-0 2009 Hv1 proton channels are required for high-level NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production during the phagocyte respiratory burst. Superoxides 72-82 hepatitis virus (MHV-2) susceptibility Mus musculus 0-3 19372380-4 2009 O(2)(-*) production is substantially reduced in the absence of Hv1, suggesting that Hv1 contributes a majority of the charge compensation required for optimal NADPH oxidase activity. Superoxides 0-4 hepatitis virus (MHV-2) susceptibility Mus musculus 84-87 19193722-9 2009 In conclusion, IP renders kidney resistance to I/R injury, and this resistance is mediated by increased superoxide formation, which activates MnSOD activity and expression as well as HSP-27 expression. Superoxides 104-114 heat shock protein 1 Mus musculus 183-189 19259823-8 2009 These results suggest that the intracellular superoxide and peroxide generated by sanazole might be involved in the enhancement of radiation-induced apoptosis, and that these effects are associated with modulation of the Fas-mitochondria-caspase-dependent pathway, an increase in [Ca(2+)](i), and a decrease in the Hsp70 expression levels. Superoxides 45-55 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 Homo sapiens 315-320 19285483-6 2009 Superoxide anion production upon PMA activation was significantly reduced in neutrophils from VSOP/Hv1 knockout mice. Superoxides 0-16 hepatitis virus (MHV-2) susceptibility Mus musculus 99-102 19282511-1 2009 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an enzyme that catalytically removes the superoxide radical (*O2-) and protects organisms from oxidative damage during normal aging. Superoxides 71-89 Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Caenorhabditis elegans 22-25 19282511-1 2009 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is an enzyme that catalytically removes the superoxide radical (*O2-) and protects organisms from oxidative damage during normal aging. Superoxides 92-94 Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Caenorhabditis elegans 22-25 19282511-3 2009 Interestingly, this suggests that the activity of SOD-1, which so far has been thought to act mainly in cytoplasm, helps to control the detoxification of *O2- also in the mitochondria. Superoxides 155-157 Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Caenorhabditis elegans 50-55 19178557-7 2009 DISCUSSION: Prolonged seizures prompted NO-, O(2)(-)-, and peroxynitrite-dependent reduction in mitochondrial respiratory enzyme Complex I activity, leading to cytochrome c/caspase-3-dependent apoptotic cell death in the hippocampal CA3 subfield after induction of experimental temporal lobe status epilepticus. Superoxides 45-50 carbonic anhydrase 3 Rattus norvegicus 233-236 19130504-3 2009 We have recently shown that the inducible expression of HIV-1 Nef in human macrophages cell line modulates in bi-phasic mode the superoxide anion release by NADPH oxidase, inducing a fast increase of the superoxide production, followed by a delayed strong inhibition mediated by Nef-induced soluble factor(s). Superoxides 129-145 Nef Human immunodeficiency virus 1 62-65 19130504-3 2009 We have recently shown that the inducible expression of HIV-1 Nef in human macrophages cell line modulates in bi-phasic mode the superoxide anion release by NADPH oxidase, inducing a fast increase of the superoxide production, followed by a delayed strong inhibition mediated by Nef-induced soluble factor(s). Superoxides 129-139 Nef Human immunodeficiency virus 1 62-65 19076165-0 2009 Nox2-containing NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase are sources of superoxide in mouse trachea. Superoxides 66-76 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 34-50 19076165-3 2009 The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether the two key candidate superoxide-producing enzymes in mammalian cells, namely Nox2-containing NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase, are responsible for superoxide production in mouse trachea. Superoxides 76-86 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 132-136 19076165-3 2009 The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether the two key candidate superoxide-producing enzymes in mammalian cells, namely Nox2-containing NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase, are responsible for superoxide production in mouse trachea. Superoxides 76-86 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 166-182 19076165-3 2009 The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether the two key candidate superoxide-producing enzymes in mammalian cells, namely Nox2-containing NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase, are responsible for superoxide production in mouse trachea. Superoxides 204-214 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 132-136 19076165-3 2009 The aim of the present study was to elucidate whether the two key candidate superoxide-producing enzymes in mammalian cells, namely Nox2-containing NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase, are responsible for superoxide production in mouse trachea. Superoxides 204-214 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 166-182 19076165-5 2009 Superoxide production by isolated trachea, as measured by L-012-dependent chemiluminescence, was markedly reduced by superoxide dismutase (300 U/mL) and the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol (100 micromol/L). Superoxides 0-10 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 157-173 19076165-8 2009 These novel findings suggest that superoxide production by mouse trachea is attributed to both Nox2-containing NADPH oxidase and xanthine oxidase. Superoxides 34-44 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 129-145 19100713-1 2009 Manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (SOD2) serves as the primary defense against mitochondrial superoxide, and decreased SOD2 activity results in a range of pathologies. Superoxides 20-30 superoxide dismutase 2, mitochondrial Gallus gallus 42-46 19116138-0 2009 Role for the first SH3 domain of p67phox in activation of superoxide-producing NADPH oxidases. Superoxides 58-68 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Mus musculus 33-40 19057515-6 2009 RESULTS: In the injured artery, superoxide anion production and expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunits p47(phox) and Rac-1 were markedly increased, together with expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Superoxides 32-48 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 Mus musculus 220-250 19057515-6 2009 RESULTS: In the injured artery, superoxide anion production and expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunits p47(phox) and Rac-1 were markedly increased, together with expression of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha. Superoxides 32-48 chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 Mus musculus 252-257 19019916-6 2009 Challenge with AOPPs triggered cytosolic superoxide generation, resulting in upregulation of fibronectin and collagen IV genes and proteins and overexpression of TGF-beta1 via a PKC-NADPH oxidase-dependent pathway, as these downstream events were blocked by the inhibitors of PKC, inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, or the cytosolic superoxide scavenger. Superoxides 41-51 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 178-181 19019916-6 2009 Challenge with AOPPs triggered cytosolic superoxide generation, resulting in upregulation of fibronectin and collagen IV genes and proteins and overexpression of TGF-beta1 via a PKC-NADPH oxidase-dependent pathway, as these downstream events were blocked by the inhibitors of PKC, inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, or the cytosolic superoxide scavenger. Superoxides 327-337 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 178-181 19075094-10 2009 Thus, we tested whether scavenging superoxide enhances the angiotensin II-induced reduction in NOS3 expression. Superoxides 35-45 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 95-99 19075094-13 2009 We concluded that angiotensin II-induced decreases in NOS3 expression in mTHALs require both NO and superoxide. Superoxides 100-110 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 54-58 19075096-8 2009 Therefore, we conclude that bradykinin protects endothelial cells from superoxide-induced senescence through bradykinin B2 receptor- and NO-mediated inhibition of DNA damage. Superoxides 71-81 kininogen 1 Bos taurus 28-38 19075096-8 2009 Therefore, we conclude that bradykinin protects endothelial cells from superoxide-induced senescence through bradykinin B2 receptor- and NO-mediated inhibition of DNA damage. Superoxides 71-81 kininogen 1 Bos taurus 109-119 18852331-2 2009 Superoxide inhibits glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), which activates major pathways implicated in diabetic complications, including advanced glycation end products (AGEs), protein kinase C, and hexosamine pathway. Superoxides 0-10 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 20-60 18852331-2 2009 Superoxide inhibits glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), which activates major pathways implicated in diabetic complications, including advanced glycation end products (AGEs), protein kinase C, and hexosamine pathway. Superoxides 0-10 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Rattus norvegicus 62-67 18852069-2 2009 The association of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), which generates nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O2(-)), is a critical mechanism on regulating vessel homeostasis. Superoxides 134-150 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 54-87 18852069-2 2009 The association of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), which generates nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O2(-)), is a critical mechanism on regulating vessel homeostasis. Superoxides 134-150 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 89-93 18852069-2 2009 The association of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), which generates nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O2(-)), is a critical mechanism on regulating vessel homeostasis. Superoxides 152-154 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 54-87 18852069-2 2009 The association of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) with endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), which generates nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O2(-)), is a critical mechanism on regulating vessel homeostasis. Superoxides 152-154 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 89-93 18852069-3 2009 In this study, the role of Hsp90 association with eNOS in the balance of NO and O2(-) was examined in PTE rat model. Superoxides 80-82 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 50-54 18711728-6 2009 Furthermore, Ngb overexpression reduced superoxide anion generation after H/R, whereas glutathione levels were significantly improved compared with WT controls. Superoxides 40-56 neuroglobin Homo sapiens 13-16 18714161-6 2009 Treatment with tempol or eNOS gene transfer decreased superoxide levels and medial SMC apoptosis, with a concomitant increase in medial SMC density. Superoxides 54-64 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 25-29 19305493-10 2009 Consequently Lyn(-/-) mice had reduced MCP-1 secretion and resulted in a decrease in superoxide and phagocytosis by AM. Superoxides 85-95 LYN proto-oncogene, Src family tyrosine kinase Mus musculus 13-16 18983820-4 2008 The inhibitors of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide, which were produced by mitochondria under stress, could inhibit the phosphorylation of c-Jun in XIAP knockdown cells. Superoxides 40-50 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 139-144 18983820-4 2008 The inhibitors of hydrogen peroxide and superoxide, which were produced by mitochondria under stress, could inhibit the phosphorylation of c-Jun in XIAP knockdown cells. Superoxides 40-50 X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis Homo sapiens 148-152 19091984-2 2008 We recently showed that ketamine activates the innate immune enzyme NADPH-oxidase in brain, and that the superoxide produced leads to dysfunction of a subset of fast-spiking inhibitory interneurons expressing the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin (PV). Superoxides 105-115 parvalbumin Homo sapiens 237-248 19091984-2 2008 We recently showed that ketamine activates the innate immune enzyme NADPH-oxidase in brain, and that the superoxide produced leads to dysfunction of a subset of fast-spiking inhibitory interneurons expressing the calcium-binding protein parvalbumin (PV). Superoxides 105-115 parvalbumin Homo sapiens 250-252 19041781-6 2008 Furthermore, we present evidence that astrocytes can activate NOX2 to produce superoxide and that effect can be reversed by antioxidants. Superoxides 78-88 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 62-66 18822320-8 2008 Knockdown of RAGE expression using small interfering RNA abolished GA-induced apoptosis, mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload, and superoxide release, demonstrating that RAGE mediates the GA-induced mitochondrial death pathway. Superoxides 124-134 advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor Homo sapiens 13-17 18822320-8 2008 Knockdown of RAGE expression using small interfering RNA abolished GA-induced apoptosis, mitochondrial Ca(2+) overload, and superoxide release, demonstrating that RAGE mediates the GA-induced mitochondrial death pathway. Superoxides 124-134 advanced glycosylation end-product specific receptor Homo sapiens 163-167 19356108-1 2008 Increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression improves vascular function by decreasing superoxide and increasing antioxidant levels. Superoxides 86-96 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 10-26 19356108-1 2008 Increased heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression improves vascular function by decreasing superoxide and increasing antioxidant levels. Superoxides 86-96 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 28-32 19001187-1 2008 Renal medullary superoxide (O(2)(-)) increases in angiotensin (Ang) II-dependent hypertension. Superoxides 16-26 angiogenin Rattus norvegicus 63-66 18760347-0 2008 Distinct roles of Nox1 and Nox4 in basal and angiotensin II-stimulated superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production. Superoxides 71-81 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 18-22 18760347-0 2008 Distinct roles of Nox1 and Nox4 in basal and angiotensin II-stimulated superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production. Superoxides 71-81 NADPH oxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 27-31 18715945-0 2008 Mitochondrial respiratory enzyme complexes in rostral ventrolateral medulla as cellular targets of nitric oxide and superoxide interaction in the antagonism of antihypertensive action of eNOS transgene. Superoxides 116-126 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 187-191 18715945-3 2008 Because superoxide anion (O(2)(*-)) level is increased and synthesis or activity of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) is reduced in RVLM during hypertension, we hypothesized that an interaction between NO and O(2)(*-) in RVLM, using mitochondrial respiratory enzyme complexes (MRC) as the cellular target, contributes to those cardiovascular outcomes after eNOS gene transduction in SHR. Superoxides 227-231 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 130-134 18715945-7 2008 We conclude that an interactive action between NO and O(2)(*-) on MRC-I in RVLM via formation of peroxynitrite contributes to the unsustained hypotensive effects of NO after overexpression of eNOS in SHR. Superoxides 54-58 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 192-196 18518859-6 2008 When the constitutively active form of Rac, Rac1(Q61L) or GTP-bound Rac1 was added exogenously to the membrane, O(2)(-)-producing activity was enhanced up to 1.5-fold above the basal level, but GDP-loaded Rac1 did not affect superoxide-generating kinetics. Superoxides 112-116 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 39-42 18518859-6 2008 When the constitutively active form of Rac, Rac1(Q61L) or GTP-bound Rac1 was added exogenously to the membrane, O(2)(-)-producing activity was enhanced up to 1.5-fold above the basal level, but GDP-loaded Rac1 did not affect superoxide-generating kinetics. Superoxides 112-116 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 18518859-6 2008 When the constitutively active form of Rac, Rac1(Q61L) or GTP-bound Rac1 was added exogenously to the membrane, O(2)(-)-producing activity was enhanced up to 1.5-fold above the basal level, but GDP-loaded Rac1 did not affect superoxide-generating kinetics. Superoxides 112-116 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 68-72 18518859-6 2008 When the constitutively active form of Rac, Rac1(Q61L) or GTP-bound Rac1 was added exogenously to the membrane, O(2)(-)-producing activity was enhanced up to 1.5-fold above the basal level, but GDP-loaded Rac1 did not affect superoxide-generating kinetics. Superoxides 112-116 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 68-72 18518859-6 2008 When the constitutively active form of Rac, Rac1(Q61L) or GTP-bound Rac1 was added exogenously to the membrane, O(2)(-)-producing activity was enhanced up to 1.5-fold above the basal level, but GDP-loaded Rac1 did not affect superoxide-generating kinetics. Superoxides 225-235 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 39-42 18518859-6 2008 When the constitutively active form of Rac, Rac1(Q61L) or GTP-bound Rac1 was added exogenously to the membrane, O(2)(-)-producing activity was enhanced up to 1.5-fold above the basal level, but GDP-loaded Rac1 did not affect superoxide-generating kinetics. Superoxides 225-235 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 44-48 18518859-6 2008 When the constitutively active form of Rac, Rac1(Q61L) or GTP-bound Rac1 was added exogenously to the membrane, O(2)(-)-producing activity was enhanced up to 1.5-fold above the basal level, but GDP-loaded Rac1 did not affect superoxide-generating kinetics. Superoxides 225-235 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 68-72 18518859-6 2008 When the constitutively active form of Rac, Rac1(Q61L) or GTP-bound Rac1 was added exogenously to the membrane, O(2)(-)-producing activity was enhanced up to 1.5-fold above the basal level, but GDP-loaded Rac1 did not affect superoxide-generating kinetics. Superoxides 225-235 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 68-72 18518859-8 2008 The activated forms of Rac1 and NOXA1 are essentially involved in Nox1 activation and their interactions might be responsible for regulating the O(2)(-)-producing activity in Caco-2 cells. Superoxides 145-150 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 23-27 18729006-7 2008 While it is understood that G6PD-derived NADPH, which is a cofactor for NADPH oxidase, enhances superoxide anion generation and elevates oxidative stress in diabetes, heart failure, and angiotensin II-induced hypertrophy of smooth muscle, there are no specific drugs available to study the role of G6PD and G6PD-derived NADPH in organ function and the development of human diseases. Superoxides 96-112 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 72-77 18214465-6 2008 Fructose, and particularly F6P and FBP exhibited high capacities for scavenging superoxide and showed to be involved in antioxidative protection in pea leaves. Superoxides 80-90 fructose-bisphosphatase 1 Homo sapiens 35-38 18714034-5 2008 C5 incubated with enzymatically active ASP induced neutrophil migration in a dose-dependent manner from an ASP concentration of 3 nM and in an incubation time-dependent manner in as little as 7 min, with neutrophil accumulation in guinea pigs at intradermal injection sites and neutrophil superoxide release. Superoxides 289-299 complement C5 Cavia porcellus 0-2 18685038-7 2008 Finally, we show that DAP12 and CD11b control the production of microglial superoxide ions, which kill the neurons. Superoxides 75-85 TYRO protein tyrosine kinase binding protein Mus musculus 22-27 18522938-4 2008 Here we show that superoxide formation at the ubiquinol oxidation center of the membrane-bound or purified cytochrome bc(1) complex is stimulated by the presence of oxidized ubiquinone indicating that in a reverse reaction the electron is transferred onto oxygen from reduced cytochrome b(L) via ubiquinone rather than during the forward ubiquinone cycle reaction. Superoxides 18-28 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 107-119 32688792-1 2008 Respiratory burst oxidase homologues (RBOHs) of the human phagocyte gp91phox gene have been isolated from several plant species and the proteins that they encode have been shown to play important roles in the cellular response to biotic stress via the production of superoxide. Superoxides 266-276 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 68-76 18398843-1 2008 The NADPH-oxidase 1 (Nox1) is a homolog of gp91phox, the catalytic subunit of the phagocyte superoxide-generating NADPH-oxidase. Superoxides 92-102 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 43-51 18514509-6 2008 Aldosterone dose-dependently increased NOX1 expression and NADPH activity, which subsequently caused superoxide over-production and A7r5 cell hypertrophy. Superoxides 101-111 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 39-43 18440651-13 2008 In conclusion, IFN-gamma might upregulate ERK, p38, or JNK/ATF-2 phosphorylation induced by GM-CSF or IL-5, leading to enhanced cytokine-induced eosinophil superoxide generation and degranulation. Superoxides 156-166 activating transcription factor 2 Homo sapiens 59-64 18569014-5 2008 Infusion of Abeta(1-40) led to an increase in Mn-superoxide dismutase activity and a decrease in activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase in mitochondria, to elevation of activities of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase and aldehyde oxidase, forwarded the conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase and corresponding increase in the rate of H2O2 formation in the cytosol. Superoxides 49-59 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 12-17 18569014-5 2008 Infusion of Abeta(1-40) led to an increase in Mn-superoxide dismutase activity and a decrease in activities of catalase and glutathione peroxidase in mitochondria, to elevation of activities of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase and aldehyde oxidase, forwarded the conversion of xanthine dehydrogenase to xanthine oxidase and corresponding increase in the rate of H2O2 formation in the cytosol. Superoxides 200-210 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 12-17 18473406-9 2008 The protection is associated with blocking the generation of superoxide anions during the hepatic I/R procedure by inhibiting xanthine oxidase and NADPH oxidase activity. Superoxides 61-78 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 126-142 18346986-7 2008 Retinas from diabetic 5-lipoxygenase-deficient mice also had significantly less leukostasis, superoxide production, and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) expression (all P < 0.006), whereas retinas from diabetic 12/15-lipoxygenase-deficient mice had significantly less leukostasis (P < 0.005) but not superoxide production or NF- kappaB expression. Superoxides 93-103 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Mus musculus 22-36 18346986-7 2008 Retinas from diabetic 5-lipoxygenase-deficient mice also had significantly less leukostasis, superoxide production, and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) expression (all P < 0.006), whereas retinas from diabetic 12/15-lipoxygenase-deficient mice had significantly less leukostasis (P < 0.005) but not superoxide production or NF- kappaB expression. Superoxides 307-317 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Mus musculus 22-36 18302965-10 2008 In diabetic rats, superoxide generation was significantly attenuated by ANP (to 229+/-78%) or tempol (to 186+/-64%). Superoxides 18-28 natriuretic peptide A Rattus norvegicus 72-75 18177745-4 2008 In order to test this hypothesis, we investigated direct effects of O2- [hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase system generating 0.12 (n=42) and 0.25 (n=45) microM O2-/min], H2O2 (20 or 100 microM, n=60), and HOCl, (1, 10, and 100 microM, n=50) on freshly ovulated or relatively old mouse oocytes, while their sibling oocytes were fixed immediately or cultured under physiological conditions (n=96). Superoxides 156-158 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 86-102 18180306-8 2008 Superoxide production by brain mitochondria isolated from vitamin E-deficient and Ttp-/- mice, measured by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, demonstrated a biphasic dependence on exogenously added alpha-tocopherol. Superoxides 0-10 zinc finger protein 36 Mus musculus 82-85 18182393-7 2008 Enhanced JunD/JNK1-dependent liver injury correlated with the acute induction of diphenylene iodonium-sensitive NADPH-dependent superoxide production by the liver following I/R. Superoxides 128-138 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 14-18 18224486-11 2008 These results indicate that the intracellular superoxide generated by BC2 or BC4 is involved in the enhancement of apoptosis through Fas-mitochondria caspase and [Ca2+](i)-dependent pathways, and a decrease in Hsp70 also contributed to the enhancement of apoptosis. Superoxides 46-56 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 Homo sapiens 210-215 18096828-6 2008 Reducing superoxide anion by antioxidant seleno-L-methionine or SOD mimetic (MnTBAP) effectively abolished the CRP-induced decrease in cholesterol efflux and the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1. Superoxides 9-25 ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1 Homo sapiens 176-181 18160052-5 2008 Transfected kinase-active GFP-c-Abl colocalized with vesicular sites of superoxide production in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. Superoxides 72-82 ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 30-35 18250367-8 2008 The interaction between angiotensin II and UK14,304 on superoxide generation and RhoA activation was blocked by inhibitors of phospholipase C (U73312), protein kinase C (GF109203X), c-src (PP1), NADPH oxidase (diphenyleneiodonium), or superoxide (Tempol). Superoxides 235-245 ras homolog family member A Rattus norvegicus 81-85 18250367-8 2008 The interaction between angiotensin II and UK14,304 on superoxide generation and RhoA activation was blocked by inhibitors of phospholipase C (U73312), protein kinase C (GF109203X), c-src (PP1), NADPH oxidase (diphenyleneiodonium), or superoxide (Tempol). Superoxides 235-245 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Rattus norvegicus 182-187 18250367-9 2008 We conclude that NADPH oxidase/superoxide and RhoA/Rho kinase are involved in the interaction between alpha(2)-adrenoceptors and angiotensin II on renal vascular resistance by mediating signaling events downstream of the phospholipase C/protein kinase C/c-src pathway. Superoxides 31-41 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Rattus norvegicus 254-259 18156192-7 2008 The increase in superoxide in response to 20-HETE was prevented by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, suggesting that uncoupled eNOS is a source of this superoxide. Superoxides 16-26 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 129-133 18156192-7 2008 The increase in superoxide in response to 20-HETE was prevented by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, suggesting that uncoupled eNOS is a source of this superoxide. Superoxides 154-164 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 129-133 18068196-5 2008 Kallikrein increased cardiac endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation and NO levels and decreased superoxide formation, TGF-beta1 levels and Smad2 phosphorylation. Superoxides 107-117 kallikrein related peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-10 18185592-6 2008 Here we show that a superoxide-dependent step in tryptophan metabolism along the kynurenine pathway is blocked in CGD mice with lethal pulmonary aspergillosis, leading to unrestrained Vgamma1(+) gammadelta T-cell reactivity, dominant production of interleukin (IL)-17, defective regulatory T-cell activity and acute inflammatory lung injury. Superoxides 20-30 interleukin 17A Mus musculus 248-267 17996248-1 2008 Human neutrophil flavocytochrome b (Cyt b) is a heterodimeric, integral membrane protein that generates high levels of superoxide in the multisubunit NADPH oxidase complex. Superoxides 119-129 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 36-41 18063869-2 2008 Erythrocyte catalase (CAT) and cellular glutathione peroxidase (c-GPx) are antioxidant enzymes that detoxify peroxides generated from dismutation of superoxide anion. Superoxides 149-165 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 31-62 18063869-2 2008 Erythrocyte catalase (CAT) and cellular glutathione peroxidase (c-GPx) are antioxidant enzymes that detoxify peroxides generated from dismutation of superoxide anion. Superoxides 149-165 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 64-69 17655889-3 2008 Compound 10 showed a significant inhibitory effect on the release of beta-glucuronidase from rat neutrophils stimulated with formyl-Met-Leu-Phe (fMLP)/cytochalasin B (CB) whereas compound 9 significantly inhibited superoxide anion formation in fMLP/CB-stimulated rat neutrophils. Superoxides 214-230 glucuronidase, beta Rattus norvegicus 69-87 17991456-10 2007 Our findings suggest that T1D impairs nNOS-dependent dilatation of cerebral arterioles by a mechanism that appears to be related to the formation of superoxide anion. Superoxides 149-165 nitric oxide synthase 1 Rattus norvegicus 38-42 18004884-1 2007 The heterodimeric, integral membrane protein flavocytochrome b (Cyt b) is the catalytic core of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase and generates superoxide which plays a critical role in host defense. Superoxides 138-148 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 64-69 18004884-6 2007 Further support that binding of the p47phox SH3 domains modulates the structure of Cyt b was obtained using a cell-free assay system where p47SH3AB enhanced superoxide production in the presence of a p67phox (1-212)-Rac1(Q61L) fusion protein. Superoxides 157-167 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 36-43 18004884-6 2007 Further support that binding of the p47phox SH3 domains modulates the structure of Cyt b was obtained using a cell-free assay system where p47SH3AB enhanced superoxide production in the presence of a p67phox (1-212)-Rac1(Q61L) fusion protein. Superoxides 157-167 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 83-88 18005061-6 2007 In brain tissue, NMDA increased the protein levels of Ha-Ras, FTIs caused the accumulation of non-prenylated inactive Ras in the cytosolic fraction, and significantly reduced superoxide production and necrotic volume after excitotoxicity. Superoxides 175-185 Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene Mus musculus 54-60 17901243-6 2007 Our findings suggest that acute exposure to nicotine impairs nNOS-dependent dilatation of cerebral arterioles by a mechanism that appears to be related to the formation of superoxide anion. Superoxides 172-188 nitric oxide synthase 1 Rattus norvegicus 61-65 18041653-8 2007 The third aim was to determine if extracellular superoxide anions evoke GP IIb/IIIa activation. Superoxides 48-65 integrin subunit alpha 2b Homo sapiens 72-78 17873023-6 2007 With the lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence assay, superoxide anion production in GRO-alpha-treated vessels (50 and 100 ng/ml) was significantly increased by 50 and 86%, respectively, compared with controls (P < 0.05). Superoxides 53-69 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 Homo sapiens 84-93 17873023-11 2007 Thus GRO-alpha impairs endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in porcine coronary arteries through a mechanism of overproduction of superoxide anion and downregulation of eNOS. Superoxides 130-146 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 Homo sapiens 5-14 17664251-6 2007 The pretreatment of the cell with SNP along with ascorbate, methylene blue, or superoxide dismutase attenuated the induction of function and expression for P-glycoprotein, suggesting that the reaction product between superoxide and NO is involved in the induction of function and expression. Superoxides 79-89 ATP-binding cassette, subfamily B (MDR/TAP), member 1B Rattus norvegicus 156-170 18030069-3 2007 Amiodarone tissue uptake was quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography, and xanthine oxidase-dependent superoxide anion formation was investigated in vitro in presence or absence of amiodarone. Superoxides 114-130 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 87-103 17942726-12 2007 The most likely explanation for these findings is that mitochondria increased O2*- production after NGF withdrawal. Superoxides 78-82 nerve growth factor Mus musculus 100-103 17854710-7 2007 Cells with mutant K-ras had significantly lower amounts of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) vs those with wild-type K-ras, but MnSOD protein correlated positively with superoxide levels. Superoxides 69-79 KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 18-23 17854710-8 2007 In a subset of cell lines with similar levels of MnSOD, comparable to those in HPL1D cells, K-ras activity correlated positively with levels of both superoxide and DNA strand breaks. Superoxides 149-159 KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 92-97 17854710-9 2007 These results suggest that persistent DNA damage in some lung adenocarcinoma cells may be caused by superoxide resulting from mutant K-ras activity, and that OGG1 is important for prevention of this damage. Superoxides 100-110 KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 133-138 18064574-3 2007 Following a 24-h exposure of the cells to amyloid beta-peptide fragment 25-35 (A beta 25-35), a significant reduction in cell survival and activities of total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), as well as increased of malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed. Superoxides 159-169 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 79-85 17869312-1 2007 NADPH oxidase Nox2 is involved in the production of superoxide by rheumatoid synovial cells, constitutively and after pro-inflammatory cytokine treatment. Superoxides 52-62 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 14-18 17869312-6 2007 cPLA(2) inhibitors inhibited both IL-1beta and TNF-alpha-induced superoxide production in RA and OA cells. Superoxides 65-75 phospholipase A2 group IVA Homo sapiens 0-7 17583407-7 2007 When these oxidases use Noxo1 as an organizer instead of p47(phox), they produce a small but significant amount of superoxide without expression of Rac1(Q61L), although the production is enhanced by Rac1(Q61L). Superoxides 115-125 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 199-203 17583407-10 2007 We also demonstrate that, in the Nox3-based oxidase containing solely p67(phox) as supportive protein, expression of Rac1(Q61L) enhances not only superoxide production but also membrane translocation of p67(phox). Superoxides 146-156 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 117-121 17645645-2 2007 Enhanced superoxide (O2(-)) activity as a result of the inhibition of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme results in vasoconstrictor and antinatriuretic responses in the canine kidney; these responses were shown to be greatly enhanced during inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Superoxides 9-19 nitric oxide synthase 3 Canis lupus familiaris 258-279 17645645-2 2007 Enhanced superoxide (O2(-)) activity as a result of the inhibition of the superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme results in vasoconstrictor and antinatriuretic responses in the canine kidney; these responses were shown to be greatly enhanced during inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Superoxides 21-23 nitric oxide synthase 3 Canis lupus familiaris 258-279 17645645-5 2007 Nitric oxide synthase inhibition was also shown to enhance endogenous O2(-) activity. Superoxides 70-72 nitric oxide synthase 3 Canis lupus familiaris 0-21 18004245-6 2007 CONCLUSION: It is supposed that the one of mechanisms of detected earlier antimetastatic effect of complex is based on its ability to induce the formation of high level of superoxide radical-anions selectively in the tumor tissue that results in the damage of its regulatory functions, in particular alteration in the regulation of NO-synthase, decrease of NO generation as well as activities of MMPs. Superoxides 172-190 matrix metallopeptidase 2 Mus musculus 396-400 17443690-6 2007 When eNOS protein expression in endothelial cells was significantly decreased by eNOS siRNA treatment, superoxide generation was significantly higher in the MMECs grown in low glucose, but reduced in those grown in high glucose for 72 h. Thus, exposure of MMECs to high glucose results in increased oxidative stress that is associated with increased eNOS and NADPH oxidase subunit expression, notably p22phox, and decreased expression of SOD1 and 3. Superoxides 103-113 cytochrome b-245, alpha polypeptide Mus musculus 401-408 17537988-7 2007 Pharmacological inhibitors of NF-kappaB activation blocked TNF-alpha-induced up-regulation of NCF1, NCF2, and CYBB message, which correlated with a reduction in expression of the corresponding oxidase proteins and decreased O2*- production. Superoxides 224-227 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 94-98 17537988-7 2007 Pharmacological inhibitors of NF-kappaB activation blocked TNF-alpha-induced up-regulation of NCF1, NCF2, and CYBB message, which correlated with a reduction in expression of the corresponding oxidase proteins and decreased O2*- production. Superoxides 224-227 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 110-114 17522887-4 2007 Related mRNA-level analysis showed the AtMTM1 gene is induced by paraquat but not by hydrogen peroxide, which indicates that this gene is related to the superoxide scavenger SOD. Superoxides 153-163 superoxide dismutase SOD2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 174-177 17764260-4 2007 A comparison of the calculated and experimental spectra reveals that the spectrum of O(2) (-).benzene most likely arises from an isomer where the superoxide molecule binds preferentially to one CH group of benzene. Superoxides 146-156 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 85-89 17634371-0 2007 Mitochondrial superoxide production and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 activation in p75 neurotrophin receptor-induced motor neuron apoptosis. Superoxides 14-24 TNF receptor superfamily member 1B Homo sapiens 98-101 17634371-3 2007 In the present study, we show that p75(NTR)-mediated apoptosis in motor neurons involved neutral sphingomyelinase activation, increased mitochondrial superoxide production, and cytochrome c release to the cytosol. Superoxides 150-160 TNF receptor superfamily member 1B Homo sapiens 35-38 17634371-9 2007 Together, our data indicate that p75(NTR)-mediated motor neuron apoptosis involves ceramide-dependent increased mitochondrial superoxide production. Superoxides 126-136 TNF receptor superfamily member 1B Homo sapiens 33-36 17568572-10 2007 CONCLUSIONS: NO causes sustained suppression of NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production in human endothelial cells by S-nitrosylation of p47phox. Superoxides 72-82 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 143-150 17560536-5 2007 In addition, superoxide anion radical was detected as a mGPDH-related primary ROS species by fluorescent probe dihydroethidium, as well as by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy with DMPO spin trap. Superoxides 13-37 glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 56-61 17560536-6 2007 Altogether, the data obtained demonstrate pronounced differences in the mechanism of ROS production originating from oxidation of glycerophosphate and succinate indicating that electron transfer from mGPDH to coenzyme Q is highly prone to electron leak and superoxide generation. Superoxides 257-267 glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase 2, mitochondrial Mus musculus 200-205 17576211-2 2007 Mutations in one of four known NADPH-oxidase components preclude generation of superoxide and related antimicrobial oxidants, leading to the phenotype of CGD. Superoxides 79-89 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 31-36 17517644-5 2007 K restriction stimulates the expression of ING4 in the kidney and superoxide anions, and its related products are involved in mediating the effect of low K intake on ING4 expression. Superoxides 66-83 inhibitor of growth family member 4 Homo sapiens 166-170 17515880-7 2007 Inhibition of superoxide significantly attenuated glucose-induced activation of H-Ras, Raf-1 and p-p38 MAP kinase. Superoxides 14-24 Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene Mus musculus 80-85 17515880-7 2007 Inhibition of superoxide significantly attenuated glucose-induced activation of H-Ras, Raf-1 and p-p38 MAP kinase. Superoxides 14-24 v-raf-leukemia viral oncogene 1 Mus musculus 87-92 17515880-9 2007 CONCLUSIONS: Our results clearly indicate that the activation of H-Ras and its downstream signaling pathway in the retina and its vasculature could be under the control of superoxide, and H-Ras activation in diabetes can be prevented by inhibiting superoxide accumulation. Superoxides 172-182 Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene Mus musculus 65-70 17515880-9 2007 CONCLUSIONS: Our results clearly indicate that the activation of H-Ras and its downstream signaling pathway in the retina and its vasculature could be under the control of superoxide, and H-Ras activation in diabetes can be prevented by inhibiting superoxide accumulation. Superoxides 172-182 Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene Mus musculus 188-193 17515880-9 2007 CONCLUSIONS: Our results clearly indicate that the activation of H-Ras and its downstream signaling pathway in the retina and its vasculature could be under the control of superoxide, and H-Ras activation in diabetes can be prevented by inhibiting superoxide accumulation. Superoxides 248-258 Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene Mus musculus 65-70 17515880-9 2007 CONCLUSIONS: Our results clearly indicate that the activation of H-Ras and its downstream signaling pathway in the retina and its vasculature could be under the control of superoxide, and H-Ras activation in diabetes can be prevented by inhibiting superoxide accumulation. Superoxides 248-258 Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene Mus musculus 188-193 17194891-0 2007 Phagocytic NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production stimulates matrix metalloproteinase-9: implications for human atherosclerosis. Superoxides 35-45 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Homo sapiens 68-94 17194891-6 2007 In addition, a positive relationship (P<0.001) was found between phagocytic NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production determined with lucigenin and plasma MMP-9 levels in 188 asymptomatic subjects free of overt clinical atherosclerosis. Superoxides 103-113 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Homo sapiens 162-167 17194891-8 2007 Interestingly, subjects in the upper quartile of superoxide production exhibited the highest values of MMP-9, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, nitrotyrosine, carotid intima media thickness, and an increased presence of carotid plaques. Superoxides 49-59 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Homo sapiens 103-108 17194891-9 2007 CONCLUSIONS: Enhanced NADPH oxidase-dependent *O2(-) production stimulates MMP-9 in monocytes and this relationship may be relevant in the atherosclerotic process. Superoxides 47-49 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Homo sapiens 75-80 17414223-9 2007 Pitavastatin restores vascular dysfunction by inhibiting NAD(P)H oxidase activity and uncoupled eNOS-dependent O(2)(-) production. Superoxides 111-115 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 96-100 16990613-7 2007 PSDP, but not PSMP, directly inhibits phospholipase D, phosphoinositol-3 kinase, and superoxide anion generation. Superoxides 85-101 phospholipid phosphatase 6 Homo sapiens 0-4 17212352-7 2007 However, accumulation of these reactive oxygen species also leads to the inactivation of TDO, so that both TDO activation and inactivation proceed with the specific outcome depending greatly on the concentrations of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 216-226 tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase Homo sapiens 107-110 16963226-2 2007 We have observed that Group IV cPLA(2) activity is required for the production of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) in human monocytes [Li Q., Cathcart M.K. Superoxides 82-98 phospholipase A2 group IVA Homo sapiens 31-37 16963226-2 2007 We have observed that Group IV cPLA(2) activity is required for the production of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) in human monocytes [Li Q., Cathcart M.K. Superoxides 100-104 phospholipase A2 group IVA Homo sapiens 31-37 17007611-10 2007 This latter effect appears to be related to increased eNOS activity associated with increased calmodulin-1 expression and decreased O(2)(-) generation. Superoxides 132-136 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 54-58 17156794-1 2007 The hypothesis was tested that endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced superoxide (O(2)(-)) generation mediates post-ischemic coronary endothelial injury, that ischemic preconditioning (IPC) affords endothelial protection by preventing post-ischemic ET-1, and thus O(2)(-), generation, and that opening of the mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium channel (mK(ATP)) triggers the mechanism of IPC. Superoxides 59-69 endothelin-1 Cavia porcellus 31-43 17156794-1 2007 The hypothesis was tested that endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced superoxide (O(2)(-)) generation mediates post-ischemic coronary endothelial injury, that ischemic preconditioning (IPC) affords endothelial protection by preventing post-ischemic ET-1, and thus O(2)(-), generation, and that opening of the mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium channel (mK(ATP)) triggers the mechanism of IPC. Superoxides 71-75 endothelin-1 Cavia porcellus 31-43 17156794-1 2007 The hypothesis was tested that endothelin-1 (ET-1)-induced superoxide (O(2)(-)) generation mediates post-ischemic coronary endothelial injury, that ischemic preconditioning (IPC) affords endothelial protection by preventing post-ischemic ET-1, and thus O(2)(-), generation, and that opening of the mitochondrial ATP-dependent potassium channel (mK(ATP)) triggers the mechanism of IPC. Superoxides 253-257 endothelin-1 Cavia porcellus 31-43 17129597-7 2007 Copper supplementation greatly extended the life span of sod1 and sod2 strains, suggesting that addition of copper may reduce the generation of superoxide. Superoxides 144-154 superoxide dismutase SOD2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 66-70 17126813-2 2007 Here, we show that Noxo1 supports superoxide production in a cell-free system for gp91(phox)/Nox2 activation by arachidonic acid. Superoxides 34-44 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 93-97 17447855-2 2007 For this purpose, the effect of heating on the activity of xanthine oxidase (XOD) in tumor cells upon their photosensitization with HPD was examined; this enzyme is participated in purine catabolism and has the ability to generate O2-*, a precursor of H2O2 and very cytotoxic hydroxyl radical. Superoxides 231-235 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 59-75 17447855-2 2007 For this purpose, the effect of heating on the activity of xanthine oxidase (XOD) in tumor cells upon their photosensitization with HPD was examined; this enzyme is participated in purine catabolism and has the ability to generate O2-*, a precursor of H2O2 and very cytotoxic hydroxyl radical. Superoxides 231-235 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 77-80 17447855-6 2007 Experiments showed that the intensification of O2-* formation could be mediated by the stimulatory effects of heating on the activity of XOD; namely, the 12 min treatment of EAC cells by HPD-PDT at a control (30 degrees C) temperature caused an about 2-fold growth in the activity of XOD, whereas the same light exposure at 44 degrees C led already to a 2.7-fold increase in the activity of this enzyme. Superoxides 47-49 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 137-140 17447855-6 2007 Experiments showed that the intensification of O2-* formation could be mediated by the stimulatory effects of heating on the activity of XOD; namely, the 12 min treatment of EAC cells by HPD-PDT at a control (30 degrees C) temperature caused an about 2-fold growth in the activity of XOD, whereas the same light exposure at 44 degrees C led already to a 2.7-fold increase in the activity of this enzyme. Superoxides 47-49 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 284-287 17114277-7 2007 Temporal expression patterns demonstrated that the superoxide production (NADPH oxidase activity) was coordinated with nectar secretion, the expression of Nectarin I (a superoxide dismutase in nectar), and the expression of NOX1, a putative gene for a nectary NADPH oxidase that was cloned from nectaries and identified as an rbohD-like NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 51-61 respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein C-like Nicotiana tabacum 260-273 17114277-8 2007 Further, in situ hybridization studies indicated that the NADPH oxidase was expressed in the early stages of flower development although superoxide was generated at later stages (after Stage 10), implicating posttranslational regulation of the NADPH oxidase in the nectary. Superoxides 137-147 respiratory burst oxidase homolog protein C-like Nicotiana tabacum 244-257 17177504-4 2006 The 4"-OH in the B ring was suggested to be important for reducing xanthing/xanthine oxidase-generated superoxide; while an additional OH moiety on the ortho sites (3" or 5") attenuated the effect as the observed inhibitory potency was K approximately equals MO > Q > F > MY. Superoxides 103-113 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 76-92 17128987-1 2006 We have previously shown that redox agents including superoxide anion radical and nitrogen dioxide can react with GXXXXGK(S/T)C motif-containing GTPases (i.e., Rac1, Cdc42, and RhoA) to stimulate guanine nucleotide release. Superoxides 53-77 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 160-164 17109653-8 2006 prevented hypertension-induced attenuation of acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation, impairment of vascular endothelial lining, decrease in expression of mRNA for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), serum nitrite/nitrate concentration and increase in expression of mRNA for p22phox, superoxide anion and serum TBARS. Superoxides 306-322 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 215-219 17229985-1 2006 Superoxide anion is produced in human platelets predominantly by Nox2-dependent NADPH oxidases. Superoxides 0-16 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 65-69 17159805-3 2006 Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a major NO scavenger and a marker of oxidative stress, as well as increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, may affect the NO-superoxide balance, critical for cellular redox balance in the cardiovascular system at physiologic conditions. Superoxides 168-178 myeloperoxidase Mus musculus 0-15 17159805-3 2006 Myeloperoxidase (MPO), a major NO scavenger and a marker of oxidative stress, as well as increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, may affect the NO-superoxide balance, critical for cellular redox balance in the cardiovascular system at physiologic conditions. Superoxides 168-178 myeloperoxidase Mus musculus 17-20 16891616-4 2006 PACAP38 and GIF ameliorated the production of microglia-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS), where both LPS- and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced superoxide and intracellular ROS were inhibited. Superoxides 155-165 cobalamin binding intrinsic factor Rattus norvegicus 12-15 16895900-1 2006 The heterodimeric flavocytochrome b558, comprised of the two integral membrane proteins p22phox and gp91phox, mediates the transfer of electrons from NADPH to molecular oxygen in the phagocyte NADPH oxidase to generate the superoxide precursor of microbicidal oxidants. Superoxides 223-233 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 100-108 16890211-4 2006 We tested the hypothesis that reduced superoxide accumulation contributes to the antihypertrophic action of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). Superoxides 38-48 natriuretic peptide A Rattus norvegicus 108-134 16626305-5 2006 357, 233-240] demonstrated that Hcy (homocysteine) treatment caused a significant elevation of intracellular superoxide anion, leading to increased expression of chemokine receptor in monocytes. Superoxides 109-125 C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 Homo sapiens 162-180 16626305-9 2006 Transfection of cells with p47phox siRNA (small interfering RNA) abolished Hcy-induced superoxide anion production, indicating the involvement of NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 87-103 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 27-34 16670255-2 2006 In this study, we used genetic tools to test the hypothesis that increased formation of superoxide (O2-*) radicals from a Rac1-regulated Nox2-containing NADPH oxidase is a key upstream mediator of ANG II-induced activation of serine-threonine kinase Akt, and that this signaling cascade plays a crucial role in ANG II-dependent cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Superoxides 88-100 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 122-126 16670255-2 2006 In this study, we used genetic tools to test the hypothesis that increased formation of superoxide (O2-*) radicals from a Rac1-regulated Nox2-containing NADPH oxidase is a key upstream mediator of ANG II-induced activation of serine-threonine kinase Akt, and that this signaling cascade plays a crucial role in ANG II-dependent cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Superoxides 88-100 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 137-141 16670255-8 2006 These findings suggest that O2-* generated by a Nox2-containing NADPH oxidase is a central mediator of ANG II-induced Akt activation and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and that dysregulation of this signaling cascade may play an important role in cardiac hypertrophy. Superoxides 28-30 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 48-52 16828794-0 2006 Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase-derived NADPH fuels superoxide production in the failing heart. Superoxides 54-64 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Canis lupus familiaris 0-33 16828794-3 2006 Therefore, we hypothesized that cardiac G6PD activation drives part of the excessive superoxide production implicated in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Superoxides 85-95 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Canis lupus familiaris 40-44 16828794-10 2006 G6PD was upregulated and its activity higher in heart failure compared to control (0.61 +/- 0.10 vs. 0.24 +/- 0.03 nmol/min/mg protein, P < 0.05), while superoxide production decreased to normal levels in the presence of the G6PD inhibitor 6-aminonicotinamide. Superoxides 156-166 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Canis lupus familiaris 0-4 16543474-0 2006 FcgammaR-induced production of superoxide and inflammatory cytokines is differentially regulated by SHIP through its influence on PI3K and/or Ras/Erk pathways. Superoxides 31-41 inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase D Homo sapiens 100-104 16543474-4 2006 Here, we have examined the role of SHIP in FcgammaR-induced production of superoxide and inflammatory cytokines. Superoxides 74-84 inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase D Homo sapiens 35-39 16543474-6 2006 Analysis of the molecular mechanism revealed that SHIP regulates upstream Rac-GTP binding, an obligatory event for superoxide production. Superoxides 115-125 inositol polyphosphate-5-phosphatase D Homo sapiens 50-54 16715100-0 2006 Neutrophil direction sensing and superoxide production linked by the GTPase-activating protein GIT2. Superoxides 33-43 GIT ArfGAP 2 Homo sapiens 95-99 16715100-3 2006 Here we show that GIT2 was necessary for directional chemotaxis and for the suppression of superoxide production in G protein-coupled receptor-stimulated neutrophils. Superoxides 91-101 GIT ArfGAP 2 Homo sapiens 18-22 16715100-4 2006 GIT2 was also necessary for the orientation of superoxide production toward chemoattractant sources. Superoxides 47-57 GIT ArfGAP 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 16715100-6 2006 This study establishes a function for GIT2 in linking chemotaxis and superoxide production in neutrophils and shows that loss of GIT2 in vivo leads to an immunodeficient state. Superoxides 69-79 GIT ArfGAP 2 Homo sapiens 38-42 16271366-0 2006 Effects of homocysteine and ginsenoside Rb1 on endothelial proliferation and superoxide anion production. Superoxides 77-93 RB transcriptional corepressor 1 Mus musculus 40-43 16271366-14 2006 CONCLUSION: Hcy significantly inhibits endothelial proliferation with increased production of superoxide anion, which is effectively blocked by ginsenoside Rb1. Superoxides 94-110 RB transcriptional corepressor 1 Mus musculus 156-159 16685209-4 2006 Combined stimulation markedly increased p22-phox and Nox-1 mRNA, however, which was associated with increased NADPH oxidase activity, superoxide production and total 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha concentration. Superoxides 134-144 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 53-58 16702314-7 2006 Luteolin, but not chrysin, inhibited xanthine/xanthine oxidase-generated superoxide formation at 100 micromol/L in a cell-free system (P < 0.001). Superoxides 73-83 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 46-62 16439134-1 2006 In order to develop spin traps with an optimal ratio between hydrophilic and lipophilic properties, low toxicity, and high stability of spin adducts (especially with superoxide radicals), several EMPO-derived spin traps have recently been synthesized forming more stable superoxide adducts (t(1/2) > 20 min) than DMPO or DEPMPO. Superoxides 166-176 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 20-24 16439134-1 2006 In order to develop spin traps with an optimal ratio between hydrophilic and lipophilic properties, low toxicity, and high stability of spin adducts (especially with superoxide radicals), several EMPO-derived spin traps have recently been synthesized forming more stable superoxide adducts (t(1/2) > 20 min) than DMPO or DEPMPO. Superoxides 271-281 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 20-24 16622226-11 2006 These observations show that the toxin independently induces production of DG through activation of endogenous PLC and phosphorylation of PDK1 via the TrkA receptor signaling pathway and that these events synergistically activate PKCtheta in stimulating an increase in O2(-). Superoxides 269-271 protein kinase C theta type Oryctolagus cuniculus 230-238 16622226-12 2006 In addition, we show the participation of mitogen-activated protein kinase-associated signaling events via activation of PKCtheta in the toxin-induced generation of O2(-). Superoxides 165-167 protein kinase C theta type Oryctolagus cuniculus 121-129 16497987-10 2006 Rather, our findings indicated that superoxide (O2*-), in combination with NO, regulated SREBP activation by Ox-PAPC. Superoxides 36-46 protocadherin 8 Homo sapiens 112-116 16497987-10 2006 Rather, our findings indicated that superoxide (O2*-), in combination with NO, regulated SREBP activation by Ox-PAPC. Superoxides 48-52 protocadherin 8 Homo sapiens 112-116 16497987-11 2006 We found that Ox-PAPC treatment generated O2*- through an eNOS-mediated mechanism and that mercaptoethylguanidine, a peroxynitrite scavenger, reduced SREBP activation by Ox-PAPC. Superoxides 42-44 protocadherin 8 Homo sapiens 17-21 16510607-1 2006 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) converts the superoxide anion into H(2)O(2), which, unless it is detoxified by glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), can increase hepatic iron and can react with iron to form genotoxic compounds. Superoxides 52-68 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 144-148 16401625-6 2006 Kallikrein"s protective effects were accompanied by increased nitric oxide formation, and reduced NADH oxidase activity and superoxide production. Superoxides 124-134 kallikrein related peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 0-10 16162660-2 2006 We report that interferon (IFN)-gamma, a crucial transactivator of the gp91(phox) gene, also stimulates expression of Nox1 mRNA and protein in large intestinal epithelium (T84 cells), leading to fourfold upregulation of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) generation. Superoxides 220-236 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 71-81 16162660-2 2006 We report that interferon (IFN)-gamma, a crucial transactivator of the gp91(phox) gene, also stimulates expression of Nox1 mRNA and protein in large intestinal epithelium (T84 cells), leading to fourfold upregulation of superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) generation. Superoxides 238-242 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 71-81 16343485-10 2006 Moreover, AM"s effects were associated with increased cerebral nitric oxide (NO) levels, as well as decreased NAD(P)H oxidase activities and superoxide anion production. Superoxides 141-157 adrenomedullin Homo sapiens 10-12 16155939-7 2006 These results suggest that, (1) NO is released from PBN by hyperthermia, and subsequently reacts with O2- to form ONOO-, (2) NO and ONOO- are involved in the enhancement of apoptosis through Fas-mitochondria-caspase and [Ca2+]i-dependent pathways, and (3) a decrease in Hsp70 and phosphorylated HSF1 also contributed to the enhancement of apoptosis. Superoxides 102-104 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 Homo sapiens 270-275 16514436-6 2006 In vitro, IL-18 primed superoxide production by ANCA-activated neutrophils comparably to TNFalpha. Superoxides 23-33 interleukin 18 Homo sapiens 10-15 16514436-7 2006 IL-18-primed, ANCA-induced superoxide production was unaffected by anti-TNFalpha antibody, which abrogated TNFalpha priming. Superoxides 27-37 interleukin 18 Homo sapiens 0-5 16514436-9 2006 The p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB20358, reduced IL-18-primed, ANCA-induced superoxide production in a concentration-dependent manner. Superoxides 68-78 interleukin 18 Homo sapiens 41-46 16195250-5 2006 The PXR-induced paraquat sensitivity was associated with decreased activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, enzymes that scavenge superoxide and hydrogen peroxide, respectively. Superoxides 81-91 nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group I, member 2 Mus musculus 4-7 16257122-0 2006 Hyperglycemia increases superoxide production in the CA1 pyramidal neurons after global cerebral ischemia. Superoxides 24-34 carbonic anhydrase 1 Homo sapiens 53-56 16257122-4 2006 The results showed that hyperglycemic ischemia caused a significant increase of superoxide production in the hippocampal CA1 neurons compared to normoglycemic animals after 18 h of recirculation, suggesting that enhanced superoxide anion production may mediate the hyperglycemia-accelerated and -enhanced neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 area after ischemia and reperfusion. Superoxides 80-90 carbonic anhydrase 1 Homo sapiens 121-124 16257122-4 2006 The results showed that hyperglycemic ischemia caused a significant increase of superoxide production in the hippocampal CA1 neurons compared to normoglycemic animals after 18 h of recirculation, suggesting that enhanced superoxide anion production may mediate the hyperglycemia-accelerated and -enhanced neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 area after ischemia and reperfusion. Superoxides 80-90 carbonic anhydrase 1 Homo sapiens 339-342 16257122-4 2006 The results showed that hyperglycemic ischemia caused a significant increase of superoxide production in the hippocampal CA1 neurons compared to normoglycemic animals after 18 h of recirculation, suggesting that enhanced superoxide anion production may mediate the hyperglycemia-accelerated and -enhanced neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 area after ischemia and reperfusion. Superoxides 221-237 carbonic anhydrase 1 Homo sapiens 121-124 16257122-4 2006 The results showed that hyperglycemic ischemia caused a significant increase of superoxide production in the hippocampal CA1 neurons compared to normoglycemic animals after 18 h of recirculation, suggesting that enhanced superoxide anion production may mediate the hyperglycemia-accelerated and -enhanced neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 area after ischemia and reperfusion. Superoxides 221-237 carbonic anhydrase 1 Homo sapiens 339-342 16375898-1 2006 Actin has been reported to enhance the superoxide-generating activity of neutrophil NADPH oxidase in a cell-free system and to interact with p47phox, a regulatory subunit of the oxidase. Superoxides 39-49 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 141-148 16400006-4 2006 Superoxide anions and H(2)O(2) increased mRNA and protein expression of GAS5 (growth arrest-specific protein 5) and CHOP (C/EBP homology protein). Superoxides 0-17 growth arrest specific 5 Homo sapiens 72-76 16400006-4 2006 Superoxide anions and H(2)O(2) increased mRNA and protein expression of GAS5 (growth arrest-specific protein 5) and CHOP (C/EBP homology protein). Superoxides 0-17 growth arrest specific 5 Homo sapiens 78-110 16275890-4 2006 Combined stimulation of rac2-/- neutrophils with exogenous AA and PMA had a synergistic effect on NADPH oxidase activity, and superoxide production increased to a level that was at least as high as wild-type cells and had no effect on fMLP-elicited enzyme activity. Superoxides 126-136 Rac family small GTPase 2 Mus musculus 24-28 16275890-6 2006 Inhibitor studies were consistent with important roles for phorbol ester-activated protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms and an atypical isoform, PKCzeta, in superoxide production by wild-type and rac2-/- neutrophils stimulated with AA and PMA. Superoxides 152-162 Rac family small GTPase 2 Mus musculus 191-195 16354686-6 2006 Small interfering RNAs to either MyD88 or Rac1 inhibited IL-1beta induction of endosomal superoxide and NF-kappaB activation. Superoxides 89-99 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 42-46 16283857-3 2005 Recent studies indicate that activation of TrkA promotes superoxide generation via NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 57-67 neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1 Rattus norvegicus 43-47 16237045-4 2005 This defect in killing was due to diminished NADPH oxidase-mediated production of superoxide anion in response to bacteria by MyD88-/- phagocytes as a consequence of defective NADPH oxidase assembly. Superoxides 82-98 myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 Mus musculus 126-131 16204621-3 2005 However, this production of O2- is dependent on translocation of the oxidase subunits, including gp91phox, p22phox, p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and Rac2 from the cytosol or specific granules to the plasma membrane. Superoxides 28-30 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 97-105 16204621-3 2005 However, this production of O2- is dependent on translocation of the oxidase subunits, including gp91phox, p22phox, p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and Rac2 from the cytosol or specific granules to the plasma membrane. Superoxides 28-30 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 116-123 16081273-1 2005 Sensitivity of the assay for Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3), the predominant form of SOD in serum, can be increased, and interferences caused by low-molecular-weight substances in the serum can be reduced by conducting the assay at pH 10 with xanthine/xanthine oxidase and acetylated cytochrome c (cyt c) as superoxide generator and detector, respectively. Superoxides 35-45 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 59-63 16081273-1 2005 Sensitivity of the assay for Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3), the predominant form of SOD in serum, can be increased, and interferences caused by low-molecular-weight substances in the serum can be reduced by conducting the assay at pH 10 with xanthine/xanthine oxidase and acetylated cytochrome c (cyt c) as superoxide generator and detector, respectively. Superoxides 35-45 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 59-62 16137784-2 2005 We found that the CA1 region of hippocampus explants, cultured under normal conditions, had significantly higher superoxide levels and expressed both anti-oxidant genes and genes related to the generation of reactive oxygen species at significantly higher levels than the CA3. Superoxides 113-123 carbonic anhydrase 1 Homo sapiens 18-21 16151022-5 2005 DPI or antisense p22phox or p47phox oligonucleotide treatment also attenuated the AT1 receptor-dependent increase in O2*- production in the ventrolateral medulla elicited by Ang II at the RVLM. Superoxides 117-121 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 28-35 16176446-5 2005 5 These data suggest that the observed enhancement of eNOS protein expression could constitute a compensatory mechanism to counter-regulate a chronic loss of NO possibly through increased superoxide anion production from NAD(P)H oxidase induced by age. Superoxides 188-204 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 54-58 16150654-2 2005 We hypothesized that sulfaphenazole, an inhibitor of CYP2C6 and 9, also attenuates post-ischemic endothelial dysfunction by reducing CYP-mediated superoxide generation (which scavenges nitric oxide (NO)), thereby restoring NO bioavailability and vascular tone. Superoxides 146-156 cytochrome P450, family 2, subfamily C, polypeptide 6, variant 1 Rattus norvegicus 53-65 15994299-1 2005 The integral membrane protein p22phox is an indispensable component of the superoxide-generating phagocyte NADPH oxidase, whose catalytic core is the membrane-associated gp91phox (also known as Nox2). Superoxides 75-85 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 170-178 15994299-1 2005 The integral membrane protein p22phox is an indispensable component of the superoxide-generating phagocyte NADPH oxidase, whose catalytic core is the membrane-associated gp91phox (also known as Nox2). Superoxides 75-85 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 194-198 15863444-12 2005 Eosinophils treated with medium from IL-4-stimulated A549 cells preincubated with anti-CCL26 showed a marked decrease of superoxide anion production compared with anti-CCL24 treated. Superoxides 121-137 C-C motif chemokine ligand 26 Homo sapiens 87-92 15908460-3 2005 The RhoA/Rho kinase pathway partially mediates ET-1-induced contraction and recently was implicated in superoxide-induced contraction. Superoxides 103-113 ras homolog family member A Rattus norvegicus 4-8 15847608-3 2005 Considering that HIV-1 Nef protein plays a primary role in AIDS pathogenesis, by affecting the immune system, we sought to dissect possible effects of Nef on the release of superoxide anions. Superoxides 173-190 Nef Human immunodeficiency virus 1 23-26 15847608-3 2005 Considering that HIV-1 Nef protein plays a primary role in AIDS pathogenesis, by affecting the immune system, we sought to dissect possible effects of Nef on the release of superoxide anions. Superoxides 173-190 Nef Human immunodeficiency virus 1 151-154 16026774-8 2005 Therefore, it is concluded that PHCR plays a critical role in superoxide formation through redox cycling of PQ. Superoxides 62-72 dehydrogenase/reductase SDR family member 4 Sus scrofa 32-36 16081809-1 2005 Rac1 and Rac2 are capable of stimulating superoxide production in vitro, but their targeting and functional mechanisms are still unknown. Superoxides 41-51 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 16014615-2 2005 The goals of this study were to determine whether 1) gene transfer of extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) reduces levels of superoxide and improves endothelial function in the aorta and mesenteric artery in rats with heart failure, and 2) the heparin-binding domain (HBD) of ecSOD, by which ecSOD binds to cells, is required for protective effects of ecSOD. Superoxides 84-94 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 106-111 16014615-2 2005 The goals of this study were to determine whether 1) gene transfer of extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) reduces levels of superoxide and improves endothelial function in the aorta and mesenteric artery in rats with heart failure, and 2) the heparin-binding domain (HBD) of ecSOD, by which ecSOD binds to cells, is required for protective effects of ecSOD. Superoxides 84-94 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 282-287 16014615-2 2005 The goals of this study were to determine whether 1) gene transfer of extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) reduces levels of superoxide and improves endothelial function in the aorta and mesenteric artery in rats with heart failure, and 2) the heparin-binding domain (HBD) of ecSOD, by which ecSOD binds to cells, is required for protective effects of ecSOD. Superoxides 84-94 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 282-287 16014615-2 2005 The goals of this study were to determine whether 1) gene transfer of extracellular superoxide dismutase (ecSOD) reduces levels of superoxide and improves endothelial function in the aorta and mesenteric artery in rats with heart failure, and 2) the heparin-binding domain (HBD) of ecSOD, by which ecSOD binds to cells, is required for protective effects of ecSOD. Superoxides 84-94 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 282-287 16014615-6 2005 Gene transfer of ecSOD, but not ecSODDeltaHBD, reduced levels of superoxide and improved relaxation to acetylcholine and ADP in the aorta and mesenteric artery from rats with heart failure. Superoxides 65-75 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 17-22 16136772-1 2005 BACKGROUND: Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is characterized by defective bactericidal activity of white blood cells, specifically, a defect in superoxide production. Superoxides 148-158 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 43-46 15993337-1 2005 The nox2-dependent NADPH oxidase was shown to be a major superoxide source in vascular disease, including diabetes. Superoxides 57-67 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 4-8 16024814-4 2005 STAT1 knockout macrophages demonstrated profoundly decreased superoxide production and were resistant to treatment with zVAD/LPS, indicating the crucial involvement of STAT1 in macrophage death by zVAD/LPS. Superoxides 61-71 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 16024814-7 2005 Conversely, p38 MAPK activation was dependent upon superoxide and was also nullified in STAT1 knockout macrophages, probably due to impaired generation of superoxide. Superoxides 155-165 signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 Homo sapiens 88-93 16132699-6 2005 This increased iron demand in the sod 2 Delta mutant may be a reflection of the cells" efforts to reconstitute proteins that are inactivated in conditions of excess superoxide. Superoxides 165-175 superoxide dismutase SOD2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 34-39 15935692-8 2005 In addition, IL-15 enhanced PMNL oxidative respiratory burst evaluated as superoxide anion production in response to S. prolificans but not to the other fungi after 2 h incubation. Superoxides 74-90 interleukin 15 Homo sapiens 13-18 15976863-0 2005 Spin trapping of superoxide by diester-nitrones. Superoxides 17-27 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 15976863-2 2005 The kinetic aspects of the superoxide detection by this new spin trap and by two other diester-nitrones, i.e. 2,2-diethoxycarbonyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-1-oxide (DEPO) and N-benzylidene-1,1-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)ethylamine N-oxide (DEEPN), were examined by determining the rate constants for the trapping reaction and for the spin adduct decay at pH 7.2. Superoxides 27-37 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 60-64 15976863-2 2005 The kinetic aspects of the superoxide detection by this new spin trap and by two other diester-nitrones, i.e. 2,2-diethoxycarbonyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-1-oxide (DEPO) and N-benzylidene-1,1-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)ethylamine N-oxide (DEEPN), were examined by determining the rate constants for the trapping reaction and for the spin adduct decay at pH 7.2. Superoxides 27-37 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 324-328 15976863-3 2005 Comparing the results obtained to those given by analogous monoester-nitrones showed that both the spin trapping and the adduct decay reactions were faster in the presence of a second ester group in the cyclic nitrone series, while the superoxide trapping capacities of linear diester-nitrones were found to be dramatically weak. Superoxides 236-246 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 99-103 15955119-8 2005 The increased amount of superoxide anion released from macrophages in Gp DM and Gp DMLN was restored by apocynin. Superoxides 24-40 glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 2 Rattus norvegicus 70-75 15972506-12 2005 We identified proteins homologous to a number of proteins essential for superoxide production in human neutrophils and demonstrated that significant regions of the 67-kDa and 47-kDa insect proteins are identical to regions of the p67phox and p47phox proteins of neutrophils. Superoxides 72-82 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 242-249 15824103-3 2005 Here we show that ectopic expression of Nox3 in various types of cells leads to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-independent constitutive production of a substantial amount of superoxide under the conditions where gp91(phox) and Nox1 fail to generate superoxide, i.e. in the absence of the oxidase organizers and activators. Superoxides 175-185 NADPH oxidase 3 Mus musculus 40-44 15824103-3 2005 Here we show that ectopic expression of Nox3 in various types of cells leads to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-independent constitutive production of a substantial amount of superoxide under the conditions where gp91(phox) and Nox1 fail to generate superoxide, i.e. in the absence of the oxidase organizers and activators. Superoxides 250-260 NADPH oxidase 3 Mus musculus 40-44 15824103-4 2005 Nox3 likely forms a functional complex with p22(phox); Nox3 physically interacts with and stabilizes p22(phox), and the Nox3-dependent superoxide production is totally dependent on p22(phox). Superoxides 135-145 NADPH oxidase 3 Mus musculus 0-4 15824103-4 2005 Nox3 likely forms a functional complex with p22(phox); Nox3 physically interacts with and stabilizes p22(phox), and the Nox3-dependent superoxide production is totally dependent on p22(phox). Superoxides 135-145 NADPH oxidase 3 Mus musculus 55-59 15824103-4 2005 Nox3 likely forms a functional complex with p22(phox); Nox3 physically interacts with and stabilizes p22(phox), and the Nox3-dependent superoxide production is totally dependent on p22(phox). Superoxides 135-145 NADPH oxidase 3 Mus musculus 55-59 15824103-5 2005 The organizers p47(phox) and Noxo1 are capable of enhancing the superoxide production by Nox3 in the absence of the activators, and the enhancement requires the interaction of the organizers with p22(phox), further indicating a link between Nox3 and p22(phox). Superoxides 64-74 NADPH oxidase organizer 1 Mus musculus 29-34 15824103-5 2005 The organizers p47(phox) and Noxo1 are capable of enhancing the superoxide production by Nox3 in the absence of the activators, and the enhancement requires the interaction of the organizers with p22(phox), further indicating a link between Nox3 and p22(phox). Superoxides 64-74 NADPH oxidase 3 Mus musculus 89-93 15824103-5 2005 The organizers p47(phox) and Noxo1 are capable of enhancing the superoxide production by Nox3 in the absence of the activators, and the enhancement requires the interaction of the organizers with p22(phox), further indicating a link between Nox3 and p22(phox). Superoxides 64-74 NADPH oxidase 3 Mus musculus 241-245 15824103-8 2005 Thus Nox3 functions together with p22(phox) as an enzyme constitutively producing superoxide, which can be distinctly regulated by combinatorial use of the organizers and activators. Superoxides 82-92 NADPH oxidase 3 Mus musculus 5-9 15806113-0 2005 Artocarpol A stimulation of superoxide anion generation in neutrophils involved the activation of PLC, PKC and p38 mitogen-activated PK signaling pathways. Superoxides 28-44 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 103-106 15806113-12 2005 7 These results indicate that the ART stimulation of superoxide anion generation involved the activation of p38 MAPK, PLC/Ca2+, and PKC signaling pathways in rat neutrophils. Superoxides 53-69 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 132-135 15653716-8 2005 Exogenous administration of kallikrein also led to increased nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP and cAMP levels, and reduced NAD(P)H oxidase activities, superoxide formation and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Superoxides 141-151 kallikrein related peptidase 4 Homo sapiens 28-38 15701043-5 2005 Further confirmation of the potential of C-3-G to counteract UVA-induced ROS formation comes from our demonstration of its ability to enhance the resistance of HaCaT cells to the apoptotic effects of both H2O2 and the superoxide anion (O2*-), two ROS involved in UVA-oxidative stress. Superoxides 218-234 Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 Homo sapiens 41-46 15701043-5 2005 Further confirmation of the potential of C-3-G to counteract UVA-induced ROS formation comes from our demonstration of its ability to enhance the resistance of HaCaT cells to the apoptotic effects of both H2O2 and the superoxide anion (O2*-), two ROS involved in UVA-oxidative stress. Superoxides 236-240 Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 Homo sapiens 41-46 15731115-1 2005 It has been established that reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as H2O2 or superoxide anion is involved in bone loss-related diseases by stimulating osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption and that receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) is a critical osteoclastogenic factor expressed on stromal/osteoblastic cells. Superoxides 75-91 TNF superfamily member 11 Homo sapiens 245-250 15731115-3 2005 Here we report that increased intracellular ROS levels by H2O2 or xanthine/xanthine oxidase-generated superoxide anion stimulated RANKL mRNA and protein expression in human osteoblast-like MG63 cell line and primary mouse bone marrow stromal cells and calvarial osteoblasts. Superoxides 102-118 TNF superfamily member 11 Homo sapiens 130-135 15814684-0 2005 Rac2 regulates neutrophil chemotaxis, superoxide production, and myeloid colony formation through multiple distinct effector pathways. Superoxides 38-48 Rac family small GTPase 2 Mus musculus 0-4 15814684-2 2005 We have shown previously that migration and superoxide (O2*-) production, as well as some kinase signaling pathways are compromised in mice deficient in the Ras-related Rho GTPase Rac2. Superoxides 44-54 Rac family small GTPase 2 Mus musculus 180-184 15814684-2 2005 We have shown previously that migration and superoxide (O2*-) production, as well as some kinase signaling pathways are compromised in mice deficient in the Ras-related Rho GTPase Rac2. Superoxides 56-60 Rac family small GTPase 2 Mus musculus 180-184 15814684-3 2005 In this study, we demonstrate that Rac2 controls chemotaxis and superoxide production via distinct pathways and is critical for development of myeloid colonies in vitro. Superoxides 64-74 Rac family small GTPase 2 Mus musculus 35-39 15814684-4 2005 The Rac2 mutants V36A, F37A, and N39A all bind to both Pak1 and p67(phox), yet are unable to rescue superoxide production and chemotaxis when expressed in Rac2-/- PMN. Superoxides 100-110 Rac family small GTPase 2 Mus musculus 4-8 15814684-5 2005 In contrast, the N43A mutant, which binds to Por1 (Arfaptin 2), p67phox, and Pak1, is able to rescue superoxide production but not chemotaxis. Superoxides 101-111 neutrophil cytosolic factor 2 Mus musculus 64-71 15814684-5 2005 In contrast, the N43A mutant, which binds to Por1 (Arfaptin 2), p67phox, and Pak1, is able to rescue superoxide production but not chemotaxis. Superoxides 101-111 p21 (RAC1) activated kinase 1 Mus musculus 77-81 15828232-5 2005 In addition, the phorbol myristate acetate (PMA)-stimulated 22 kDa-subunit (p22phox) protein levels and 47 kDa-subunit (p47phox) protein levels in NADPH (superoxide generating enzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form)) oxidase were decreased by treatment with PPARalpha and PPARgamma ligands/activators. Superoxides 154-164 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 120-127 15644319-0 2005 Superoxide anions are involved in mediating the effect of low K intake on c-Src expression and renal K secretion in the cortical collecting duct. Superoxides 0-17 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Rattus norvegicus 74-79 15644319-11 2005 We conclude that O(2)(-) and related products play a role in mediating the effect of low K intake on c-Src expression and in suppressing ROMK channel activity and renal K secretion. Superoxides 17-21 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Rattus norvegicus 101-106 15753257-1 2005 Using flow cytometry, we observed that interleukin-18 (IL-18) primed human neutrophils (PMNs) in whole blood to produce superoxide anion (O2 degrees-) in response to N-formyl peptide (fMLP) stimulation, whereas IL-18 alone had no significant effect. Superoxides 120-136 interleukin 18 Homo sapiens 39-53 15753257-1 2005 Using flow cytometry, we observed that interleukin-18 (IL-18) primed human neutrophils (PMNs) in whole blood to produce superoxide anion (O2 degrees-) in response to N-formyl peptide (fMLP) stimulation, whereas IL-18 alone had no significant effect. Superoxides 120-136 interleukin 18 Homo sapiens 55-60 15596440-1 2005 Interaction of p50 Rho GTPase-activating protein (p50RhoGAP) with Rho family small GTPases was investigated in a yeast two-hybrid system, by radioactive GAP assay, and in a Rac-regulated enzymatic reaction, through superoxide production by the phagocytic NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 215-225 activating signal cointegrator 1 complex subunit 1 Homo sapiens 15-18 15596440-1 2005 Interaction of p50 Rho GTPase-activating protein (p50RhoGAP) with Rho family small GTPases was investigated in a yeast two-hybrid system, by radioactive GAP assay, and in a Rac-regulated enzymatic reaction, through superoxide production by the phagocytic NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 215-225 Rho GTPase activating protein 1 Homo sapiens 50-59 15596440-1 2005 Interaction of p50 Rho GTPase-activating protein (p50RhoGAP) with Rho family small GTPases was investigated in a yeast two-hybrid system, by radioactive GAP assay, and in a Rac-regulated enzymatic reaction, through superoxide production by the phagocytic NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 215-225 Rho GTPase activating protein 1 Homo sapiens 56-59 15839099-5 2005 We also found that G6PD has a role in the mechanism of protection against superoxide and peroxide stresses. Superoxides 74-84 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 19-23 15504745-3 2005 Mice deficient in the hematopoietic-specific Rac2 isoform exhibit agonist-specific defects in neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide production, despite expression of the highly homologous Rac1 isoform. Superoxides 120-130 Rac family small GTPase 2 Mus musculus 45-49 15504745-7 2005 In rac2(-/-) neutrophils isolated from mice transplanted with Rac-transduced bone marrow cells, superoxide production and chemotaxis were fully reconstituted by expression of exogenous Rac2, but not Rac1. Superoxides 96-106 Rac family small GTPase 2 Mus musculus 3-7 15504745-7 2005 In rac2(-/-) neutrophils isolated from mice transplanted with Rac-transduced bone marrow cells, superoxide production and chemotaxis were fully reconstituted by expression of exogenous Rac2, but not Rac1. Superoxides 96-106 Rac family small GTPase 2 Mus musculus 185-189 15504745-8 2005 A chimeric Rac1 protein in which the Rac1 C-terminal polybasic domain, which contains six lysines or arginines, was replaced with that of the human Rac2 polybasic domain containing only three basic residues, also reconstituted superoxide production and chemotaxis, whereas expression of a Rac2 derivative in which the polybasic domain was replaced with that of Rac1 did not and resulted in disoriented cell motility. Superoxides 227-237 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 11-15 15610897-9 2005 CORT (10(-4) to 10(-10) mol/L) rapidly inhibited superoxide anion production by macrophages in less than 30 min. Superoxides 49-65 cortistatin Mus musculus 0-4 15610897-12 2005 The results indicated that CORT could rapidly inhibit phagocytosis and superoxide anion production by mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro in less than 30 min by a rapid, nongenomic mechanism, which contributes to the anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive actions of GCs. Superoxides 71-87 cortistatin Mus musculus 27-31 15319209-8 2004 Furthermore, production of superoxide anion in aorta and serum levels of amyloid P component, which is the murine analog of C-reactive protein, was increased in old mice. Superoxides 27-43 C-reactive protein, pentraxin-related Mus musculus 124-142 15539515-5 2004 GM-CSF together with peptide 2 but not other peptides enhanced the production of superoxide (O2-) by neutrophils. Superoxides 81-91 colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage) Mus musculus 0-6 15539515-5 2004 GM-CSF together with peptide 2 but not other peptides enhanced the production of superoxide (O2-) by neutrophils. Superoxides 93-95 colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage) Mus musculus 0-6 15494527-4 2004 The NADPH oxidase components p47phox and gp91phox were down-regulated during monocyte differentiation to DC, and maturation of DC with pathogen-derived molecules, known to activate TLRs, increased p47phox and gp91phox expression and enhanced superoxide anions release. Superoxides 242-259 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 29-36 15494527-4 2004 The NADPH oxidase components p47phox and gp91phox were down-regulated during monocyte differentiation to DC, and maturation of DC with pathogen-derived molecules, known to activate TLRs, increased p47phox and gp91phox expression and enhanced superoxide anions release. Superoxides 242-259 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 41-49 15494527-4 2004 The NADPH oxidase components p47phox and gp91phox were down-regulated during monocyte differentiation to DC, and maturation of DC with pathogen-derived molecules, known to activate TLRs, increased p47phox and gp91phox expression and enhanced superoxide anions release. Superoxides 242-259 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 197-204 15494527-4 2004 The NADPH oxidase components p47phox and gp91phox were down-regulated during monocyte differentiation to DC, and maturation of DC with pathogen-derived molecules, known to activate TLRs, increased p47phox and gp91phox expression and enhanced superoxide anions release. Superoxides 242-259 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 209-217 15496169-2 2004 This O2- production contributes to increased expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP-1) and consequent deposition of collagen in response to Hcys. Superoxides 5-7 TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 Rattus norvegicus 98-104 15574831-2 2004 Because treatment with the antioxidant n-propyl gallate before irradiation suppressed these changes, gamma irradiation partially rescued the rhd2 mutant (defective in NADPH oxidase); the superoxide-generating reagent paraquat induced similar root morphogenesis. Superoxides 187-197 NADPH/respiratory burst oxidase protein D Arabidopsis thaliana 141-145 15322091-1 2004 Nox1 and Nox4, homologues of the leukocyte NADPH oxidase subunit Nox2 (gp91phox) mediate superoxide anion formation in various cell types. Superoxides 89-105 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 65-69 15322091-1 2004 Nox1 and Nox4, homologues of the leukocyte NADPH oxidase subunit Nox2 (gp91phox) mediate superoxide anion formation in various cell types. Superoxides 89-105 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 71-79 15509740-10 2004 These studies suggest that gp120 may induce neuronal apoptosis in the CNS of HAD patients through the CXCR4-NADPH oxidase-superoxide-NSMase-ceramide pathway. Superoxides 122-132 C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 Homo sapiens 102-107 15464300-10 2004 It has also been reported recently that UCP2 and UCP3 responses to superoxide application may be an antioxidant protective mechanism. Superoxides 67-77 uncoupling protein 2 Rattus norvegicus 40-44 15507762-4 2004 The translocation depends on a stimulus-induced conformational change of p47phox, which leads to the SH3 domain-mediated interaction with p22phox, a binding required for the gp91phox/Nox2-dependent superoxide production. Superoxides 198-208 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 174-182 15507762-4 2004 The translocation depends on a stimulus-induced conformational change of p47phox, which leads to the SH3 domain-mediated interaction with p22phox, a binding required for the gp91phox/Nox2-dependent superoxide production. Superoxides 198-208 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 183-187 15507763-5 2004 The changes of splicing pattern in the transcripts and prolonged effect on superoxide generating ability of patients" neutrophils indicate that IFN-gamma induced an ability to correct abnormal splicing of CYBB gene transcripts in progenitor cells at least in part. Superoxides 75-85 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 205-209 15304252-3 2004 Superoxide and the lipid peroxidation products it engenders, including hydroxyalkenals such as hydroxynonenal, are potent activators of proton conductance by mitochondrial uncoupling proteins such as UCP2 and UCP3, although the mechanism of activation has yet to be established. Superoxides 0-10 uncoupling protein 3 Homo sapiens 209-213 15356189-6 2004 Isolated mitochondrial alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (KGDHC) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDHC) complexes produced superoxide and H(2)O(2). Superoxides 118-128 oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate) dehydrogenase (lipoamide) Mus musculus 23-56 15117745-2 2004 The lung"s main extracellular enzymatic defense against superoxide, extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), is closely regulated during development. Superoxides 56-66 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 68-102 15117745-2 2004 The lung"s main extracellular enzymatic defense against superoxide, extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD), is closely regulated during development. Superoxides 56-66 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 104-110 15277203-13 2004 We conclude that after gene transfer in vivo, binding of ECSOD to arteries effectively decreases the numbers of adherent leukocytes and levels of superoxide and improves impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation produced by LPS. Superoxides 146-156 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 57-62 15277209-6 2004 Whereas ischemic preconditioning increased superoxide anion production in PKC-delta(+/+) hearts, no increase in reactive oxygen species was observed in PKC-delta(-/-) hearts. Superoxides 43-59 protein kinase C, delta Mus musculus 74-83 15296881-0 2004 Inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase and superoxide production reduces matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity and restores coronary vasomotor function in rat cardiac allografts. Superoxides 50-60 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Rattus norvegicus 80-106 15296881-1 2004 OBJECTIVE: Oxidants such as nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide are involved in coronary endothelial dysfunction, an early event in the process of allograft coronary atherogenesis, possibly by activation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and extracellular matrix proteins. Superoxides 50-60 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Rattus norvegicus 231-235 15223068-5 2004 An electron spin resonance (ESR) study indicated that superoxide (O(2)(.-)) was generated during reduction of TNT by nNOS. Superoxides 54-64 nitric oxide synthase 1 Rattus norvegicus 117-121 15223068-5 2004 An electron spin resonance (ESR) study indicated that superoxide (O(2)(.-)) was generated during reduction of TNT by nNOS. Superoxides 66-70 nitric oxide synthase 1 Rattus norvegicus 117-121 15255948-7 2004 In wild-type animals, we found significantly lower GADD34 levels than in SOD1 transgenes but no differences in gadd34 mRNA levels, implying that superoxides regulate gadd34 translation. Superoxides 145-156 protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 15A Rattus norvegicus 166-172 15123630-5 2004 Loading cells with heme reversed the decrease in O(2)(-) production and gp91(phox) expression induced by HO-1 overexpression. Superoxides 49-53 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 105-109 15170212-4 2004 Thus, we have defined specific sequences in Rac that specify subcellular localization and determine the specificity of Rac2 in neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide generation. Superoxides 153-163 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 44-47 15172677-6 2004 In conclusion, alpha-MSH inhibits the production of superoxide radicals by activated rat peritoneal neutrophils and COX contributes to this effect. Superoxides 52-71 proopiomelanocortin Rattus norvegicus 15-24 15102859-0 2004 Binding of FAD to cytochrome b558 is facilitated during activation of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase, leading to superoxide production. Superoxides 110-120 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 18-30 15370890-4 2004 Additionally, O2*- -induced inhibition of Na+-dependent Ca2+ uptake was reversed by SOD and TIMP-2 (50 microg ml(-1)). Superoxides 14-17 TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2 Bos taurus 92-98 15370890-6 2004 O2*- -induced changes in MMP-2 activity, ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake and Na+-dependent Ca2+ uptake, were not reversed upon pretreatment of the microsomes with a low dose (5 microg ml(-1)) of TIMP-2 which, on the contrary, reversed MMP-2 (1 microg ml(-1))-mediated alteration on these parameters. Superoxides 0-3 TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2 Bos taurus 189-195 15370890-8 2004 Treatment of TIMP-2 (5 microg ml(-1)) with the O2*- -generating system abolished the inhibitory effect of TIMP-2 (5 microg ml(-1)) on MMP-2 (1 microg ml(-1)) (measured by (14)C-gelatin degradation). Superoxides 47-49 TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2 Bos taurus 13-19 15370890-8 2004 Treatment of TIMP-2 (5 microg ml(-1)) with the O2*- -generating system abolished the inhibitory effect of TIMP-2 (5 microg ml(-1)) on MMP-2 (1 microg ml(-1)) (measured by (14)C-gelatin degradation). Superoxides 47-49 TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2 Bos taurus 106-112 15370890-9 2004 Overall, the present study suggests that O2*- inactivated TIMP-2, the ambient inhibitor of MMP-2, leading to activation of the ambient proteinase, MMP-2, which subsequently stimulated Ca2+ ATPase activity and ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake, but inhibited Na+-dependent Ca2+ uptake, resulting in a marked decrease in Ca2+ uptake in the smooth muscle microsomes. Superoxides 41-44 TIMP metallopeptidase inhibitor 2 Bos taurus 58-64 14973180-7 2004 A positive correlation was found in PMN between the levels of G6PD activity, hexose monophosphate (HMP) shunt activity, and superoxide anion release (p < 0.01). Superoxides 124-140 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 62-66 15024088-7 2004 With HBP1 expression and the subsequent reduction in p47phox gene expression, intracellular superoxide production was correspondingly reduced. Superoxides 92-102 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 53-60 15024088-9 2004 Together, these results indicate that HBP1 may contribute to the regulation of NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production through transcriptional repression of the p47phox gene. Superoxides 103-113 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 167-174 14767536-4 2004 Furthermore, GcMAF enzymatically prepared from the Gc protein enhanced the superoxide-generation capacity and phagocytic activity of monocytes/macrophages. Superoxides 75-85 GC vitamin D binding protein Homo sapiens 13-18 14765128-1 2004 The superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase consists of a membrane-bound flavocytochrome b558 complex, and cytosolic factors p47phox, p67phox and the small GTPase Rac, which translocate to the membrane to assemble the active complex following cell activation. Superoxides 4-14 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 130-137 14758023-6 2004 In contrast, GMC cytosol enables cytochrome b(558) to generate plenty of O(2)(-), on condition that rp47(phox) is added. Superoxides 73-77 cytochrome b Cavia porcellus 33-45 15040433-4 2004 A combination of clinical and knockout-transgenic SCD mouse studies show increased rates of xanthine oxidase-dependent superoxide (O2*-) production and reveal the presence of an oxidative and nitrative inflammatory milieu in the sickle cell vasculature, kidney and liver. Superoxides 119-129 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 92-108 14734109-1 2004 NADPH oxidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the production of superoxide from oxygen and NADPH. Superoxides 60-70 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 0-5 14734109-1 2004 NADPH oxidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the production of superoxide from oxygen and NADPH. Superoxides 60-70 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 87-92 14563789-2 2004 Studies showing that inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC) prevent tolerance to GTN suggest the involvement of PKC activation, which can also increase O2*-. Superoxides 150-152 protein kinase C, gamma Rattus norvegicus 35-51 14563789-2 2004 Studies showing that inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC) prevent tolerance to GTN suggest the involvement of PKC activation, which can also increase O2*-. Superoxides 150-152 protein kinase C, gamma Rattus norvegicus 53-56 14563789-2 2004 Studies showing that inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC) prevent tolerance to GTN suggest the involvement of PKC activation, which can also increase O2*-. Superoxides 150-152 protein kinase C, gamma Rattus norvegicus 110-113 15325022-2 2004 The ability of superoxide to quench NO is well known, but oxidants derived from superoxide also appear to inhibit dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase (DDAH) and to oxidize tetrahydrobiopterin (THBP). Superoxides 80-90 dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase 2 Mus musculus 155-159 16328846-0 2004 Superoxide, Hydrogen Peroxide and Hydroxyl Radical in D1/D2/cytochrome b-559 Photosystem II Reaction Center Complex. Superoxides 0-10 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 60-72 16328846-1 2004 Spin-trapping electron spin resonance (ESR) was used to monitor the formation of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals in D1/D2/cytochrome b-559 Photosystem II reaction center (PS II RC) Complex. Superoxides 81-91 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 123-135 15140587-7 2004 Superoxide is known to alter the bioavailability of NO, and its contribution to the GPIIb/IIIa dependent increase in NO release was determined. Superoxides 0-10 integrin subunit alpha 2b Homo sapiens 84-89 15140587-8 2004 In the presence of GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors, platelet superoxide release was significantly decreased. Superoxides 51-61 integrin subunit alpha 2b Homo sapiens 19-24 15140587-9 2004 Preincubation with GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors also modified aggregation induced membrane translocation of the platelet proteins, endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and NADPH oxidase (p67phox and p47phox), known to contribute to the generation of NO and superoxide, respectively. Superoxides 244-254 integrin subunit alpha 2b Homo sapiens 19-24 15207803-0 2004 Interleukin (IL)-8 (CXCL8) induces cytokine expression and superoxide formation by guinea pig neutrophils infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Superoxides 59-69 interleukin-8 Cavia porcellus 0-18 15207803-0 2004 Interleukin (IL)-8 (CXCL8) induces cytokine expression and superoxide formation by guinea pig neutrophils infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Superoxides 59-69 interleukin-8 Cavia porcellus 20-25 14962293-5 2004 Stable transfectants expressing human Gpx-1 or CuZn SOD were isolated and tested for their resistance to hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) and menadione, which generates superoxide intracellularly. Superoxides 165-175 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 38-43 14674759-1 2003 It has previously been reported that exposure of purified mitochondrial or cytoplasmic aconitase to superoxide (O(2)(-)(*) or hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) leads to release of the Fe-alpha from the enzyme"s [4Fe-4S](2+) cluster and to inactivation. Superoxides 100-110 FEA Homo sapiens 179-187 14674759-1 2003 It has previously been reported that exposure of purified mitochondrial or cytoplasmic aconitase to superoxide (O(2)(-)(*) or hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) leads to release of the Fe-alpha from the enzyme"s [4Fe-4S](2+) cluster and to inactivation. Superoxides 112-116 FEA Homo sapiens 179-187 12877653-3 2003 The NAD(P)H oxidase system generates superoxide anions in vascular cells; however, the role of the C242T polymorphism of the NAD(P)H oxidase p22 phox gene in ischaemic heart disease is unclear due to contradictory results from case-control studies. Superoxides 37-54 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 4-11 12877653-3 2003 The NAD(P)H oxidase system generates superoxide anions in vascular cells; however, the role of the C242T polymorphism of the NAD(P)H oxidase p22 phox gene in ischaemic heart disease is unclear due to contradictory results from case-control studies. Superoxides 37-54 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 125-132 14564009-3 2003 In contrast, Rac2, but not Rac1, regulates superoxide production and directed migration in neutrophils, and in each cell type, the two GTPases play distinct roles in actin organization, cell survival, and proliferation. Superoxides 43-53 Rac family small GTPase 2 Mus musculus 13-17 14584904-6 2003 Superoxide formation and nitrite production were enhanced in stimulated macrophages lacking TRACP as was the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, and IL-12. Superoxides 0-10 acid phosphatase 5, tartrate resistant Mus musculus 92-97 14523042-1 2003 In this report, we show that hyperglycemia-induced overproduction of superoxide by the mitochondrial electron transport chain activates the three major pathways of hyperglycemic damage found in aortic endothelial cells by inhibiting GAPDH activity. Superoxides 69-79 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Mus musculus 233-238 14523042-3 2003 Hyperglycemia-induced GAPDH inhibition was found to be a consequence of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of GAPDH by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), which was activated by DNA strand breaks produced by mitochondrial superoxide overproduction. Superoxides 210-220 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Mus musculus 22-27 14523042-3 2003 Hyperglycemia-induced GAPDH inhibition was found to be a consequence of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of GAPDH by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), which was activated by DNA strand breaks produced by mitochondrial superoxide overproduction. Superoxides 210-220 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Mus musculus 98-103 14523042-3 2003 Hyperglycemia-induced GAPDH inhibition was found to be a consequence of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of GAPDH by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), which was activated by DNA strand breaks produced by mitochondrial superoxide overproduction. Superoxides 210-220 poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1 Mus musculus 107-134 14523042-3 2003 Hyperglycemia-induced GAPDH inhibition was found to be a consequence of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of GAPDH by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), which was activated by DNA strand breaks produced by mitochondrial superoxide overproduction. Superoxides 210-220 poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase family, member 1 Mus musculus 136-140 14523042-4 2003 Both the hyperglycemia-induced decrease in activity of GAPDH and its poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation were prevented by overexpression of either uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) or manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), which decrease hyperglycemia-induced superoxide. Superoxides 177-187 glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase Mus musculus 55-60 12874194-7 2003 The PKC activator phorbol myristate acetate significantly increased vascular O2*- production, which was inhibited by superoxide dismutase, diphenyleneiodonium, chelerythrine, or removal of extracellular Ca2+. Superoxides 77-81 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 4-7 12874194-9 2003 CONCLUSIONS: High Pi itself elicits arterial O2.- production, most likely by PKC-dependent activation of NAD(P)H oxidase, thus providing a potential explanation for the presence of oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in various forms of hypertension and the vasculoprotective effect of antihypertensive agents of different mechanisms of action. Superoxides 45-47 protein kinase C, alpha Rattus norvegicus 77-80 12925450-8 2003 Gene transfer of GTPCH I restored arterial GTPCH I activity and BH4 levels, resulting in reduced O2- and improved endothelium-dependent relaxation and basal NO release in DOCA-salt rats. Superoxides 97-99 GTP cyclohydrolase 1 Rattus norvegicus 17-24 12925450-9 2003 CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that a BH4 deficiency resulting from ET-1-induced O2- via an ETA/NADPH oxidase pathway leads to endothelial dysfunction, and gene transfer of GTPCH I reverses the BH4 deficiency and endothelial dysfunction by reducing O2- in low renin mineralocorticoid hypertension. Superoxides 86-88 GTP cyclohydrolase 1 Rattus norvegicus 178-185 12925450-9 2003 CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that a BH4 deficiency resulting from ET-1-induced O2- via an ETA/NADPH oxidase pathway leads to endothelial dysfunction, and gene transfer of GTPCH I reverses the BH4 deficiency and endothelial dysfunction by reducing O2- in low renin mineralocorticoid hypertension. Superoxides 254-256 GTP cyclohydrolase 1 Rattus norvegicus 178-185 12927784-5 2003 Inhibition of PI3K delta with IC980033 and IC87114 blocked both fMLP- and TNF1 alpha-induced neutrophil superoxide generation and elastase exocytosis. Superoxides 104-114 phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta Mus musculus 14-24 12680700-0 2003 Interactions of growth inhibitory factor with hydroxyl and superoxide radicals. Superoxides 59-78 metallothionein 3 Homo sapiens 16-40 12928414-3 2003 This increased TNFR expression correlated with an increase in TNF-induced superoxide production. Superoxides 74-84 TNF receptor superfamily member 1B Homo sapiens 15-19 12714605-4 2003 In the present study, the autoxidation of H4B was reinvestigated with the aim to find direct evidence for superoxide formation. Superoxides 106-116 H4 clustered histone 4 Homo sapiens 42-45 12714605-8 2003 Our data fully confirm earlier conclusions that the direct reaction between H4B and oxygen serves as an initiation reaction for the further, rapid reaction of the thus formed superoxide with H4B, thereby very likely establishing a chain reaction process involving reduction of molecular oxygen by the intermediary tetrahydrobiopterin radical. Superoxides 175-185 H4 clustered histone 4 Homo sapiens 76-79 12714605-8 2003 Our data fully confirm earlier conclusions that the direct reaction between H4B and oxygen serves as an initiation reaction for the further, rapid reaction of the thus formed superoxide with H4B, thereby very likely establishing a chain reaction process involving reduction of molecular oxygen by the intermediary tetrahydrobiopterin radical. Superoxides 175-185 H4 clustered histone 4 Homo sapiens 191-194 12716910-0 2003 Novel human homologues of p47phox and p67phox participate in activation of superoxide-producing NADPH oxidases. Superoxides 75-85 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 26-33 12716910-1 2003 The catalytic core of a superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase (Nox) in phagocytes is gp91phox/Nox2, a membrane-integrated protein that forms a heterodimer with p22phox to constitute flavocytochrome b558. Superoxides 24-34 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 82-90 12716910-1 2003 The catalytic core of a superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase (Nox) in phagocytes is gp91phox/Nox2, a membrane-integrated protein that forms a heterodimer with p22phox to constitute flavocytochrome b558. Superoxides 24-34 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 91-95 12665464-10 2003 Inhibition of NADH dehydrogenase, aconitase, and SDH activities during reoxygenation are due to excess O2-. Superoxides 103-106 succinate dehydrogenase complex iron sulfur subunit B Homo sapiens 49-52 12831960-6 2003 It stimulates endogenous H(4)B regeneration, a cofactor necessary for eNO synthesis, inhibits intracellular superoxide generation, and thus enhances the half-life of NO. Superoxides 108-118 H4 clustered histone 4 Homo sapiens 25-30 14606649-5 2003 Recent studies of our laboratories showed that the membrane-bound gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) enzyme activity--expressed by a number of malignancies, including melanoma--can act as a basal source of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and other prooxidants. Superoxides 204-214 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 66-92 14606649-5 2003 Recent studies of our laboratories showed that the membrane-bound gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) enzyme activity--expressed by a number of malignancies, including melanoma--can act as a basal source of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide and other prooxidants. Superoxides 204-214 gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 Homo sapiens 94-97 12595275-1 2003 The present study hypothesized that superoxide (O2(-)*) importantly contributes to the regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha expression at posttranscriptional levels in renal medullary interstitial cells (RMICs) of rats. Superoxides 36-46 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 101-138 12595275-1 2003 The present study hypothesized that superoxide (O2(-)*) importantly contributes to the regulation of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1alpha expression at posttranscriptional levels in renal medullary interstitial cells (RMICs) of rats. Superoxides 48-50 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 101-138 12595275-2 2003 By Western blot analysis, it was found that incubation of RMICs with O2(-)* generators xanthine/xanthine oxidase and menadione significantly inhibited the hypoxia- or CoCl(2)-induced increase in HIF-1alpha levels and completely blocked the increase in HIF-1alpha levels induced by ubiquitin-proteasome inhibition with CBZ-LLL in the nuclear extracts from these cells. Superoxides 69-71 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 195-205 12595275-2 2003 By Western blot analysis, it was found that incubation of RMICs with O2(-)* generators xanthine/xanthine oxidase and menadione significantly inhibited the hypoxia- or CoCl(2)-induced increase in HIF-1alpha levels and completely blocked the increase in HIF-1alpha levels induced by ubiquitin-proteasome inhibition with CBZ-LLL in the nuclear extracts from these cells. Superoxides 69-71 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 252-262 12595275-7 2003 By Northern blot analysis, scavenging or dismutation of O2(-)* by TEMPOL and PEG-SOD was found to increase the mRNA levels of an HIF-1alpha-targeted gene, heme oxygenase-1. Superoxides 56-58 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 129-139 12595275-7 2003 By Northern blot analysis, scavenging or dismutation of O2(-)* by TEMPOL and PEG-SOD was found to increase the mRNA levels of an HIF-1alpha-targeted gene, heme oxygenase-1. Superoxides 56-58 heme oxygenase 1 Rattus norvegicus 155-171 12595275-8 2003 These results indicate that increased intracellular O2(-)* levels induce HIF-1alpha degradation independently of H(2)O(2) and OH* radicals in RMICs. Superoxides 52-54 hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha Rattus norvegicus 73-83 12654468-0 2003 Resveratrol, a red wine constituent polyphenol, prevents superoxide-dependent inflammatory responses induced by ischemia/reperfusion, platelet-activating factor, or oxidants. Superoxides 57-67 PCNA clamp associated factor Rattus norvegicus 134-160 12689660-11 2003 CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) cells isolated from the blood or spleen of TCDD-treated mice produced up to fivefold higher levels of superoxide following PMA stimulation when compared with cells from vehicle-treated mice. Superoxides 118-128 integrin subunit alpha M Homo sapiens 0-5 12552364-3 2003 This study measured the acute effects of high glucose or the G6PD inhibitor dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on the production of O(2)(-) from isolated human neutrophils. Superoxides 127-134 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 61-65 12552364-12 2003 CONCLUSIONS: High extracellular glucose concentrations acutely reduce O(2)(-) production from activated neutrophils possibly through inhibition of G6PD. Superoxides 70-74 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 147-151 12618760-4 2003 Our results demonstrate that overexpression of the inducible Ha-ras oncogene by isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) increases the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS, including O(2*-) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))) and GSH in an Ha-ras-transformed NIH/3T3 fibroblast cell line. Superoxides 184-190 Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene Mus musculus 61-67 12715901-0 2003 Synthesis and characterization of EMPO-derived 5,5-disubstituted 1-pyrroline N-oxides as spin traps forming exceptionally stable superoxide spin adducts. Superoxides 129-139 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 89-93 12715901-0 2003 Synthesis and characterization of EMPO-derived 5,5-disubstituted 1-pyrroline N-oxides as spin traps forming exceptionally stable superoxide spin adducts. Superoxides 129-139 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 140-144 12715901-1 2003 EMPO [5-(ethoxycarbonyl)-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide] is a highly hydrophilic cyclic nitrone spin trap, whose superoxide adduct is considerably more stable (t 1/2 = 8.6 min) than DMPO (5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide, t 1/2=45 s). Superoxides 111-121 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 94-98 12586694-5 2003 The overexpression of Sods--mitochondrial Sod2 and cytosolic CuZnSod (Sod1)--delays the age-dependent reversible inactivation of mitochondrial aconitase, a superoxide-sensitive enzyme, and extends survival by 30%. Superoxides 156-166 superoxide dismutase SOD2 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 42-46 12417265-5 2002 Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy measurements revealed that NAC, DPI, and ascorbic acid inhibited xanthine oxidase-induced superoxide (O(2)(.-)) generation in a cell-free system. Superoxides 141-151 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 78-81 12417265-5 2002 Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy measurements revealed that NAC, DPI, and ascorbic acid inhibited xanthine oxidase-induced superoxide (O(2)(.-)) generation in a cell-free system. Superoxides 153-157 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 78-81 12411394-8 2002 Superoxide and MCP-1 production were enhanced by RacV12 (constitutively active) in the absence of ND, and were inhibited by RacN17 (dominant-negative) adenoviral transduction under ND, suggesting that the small G-protein Rac1 is required. Superoxides 0-10 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 221-225 12489494-11 2002 Plasma ALP levels in smokers were significantly higher than in controls and correlated positively with superoxide release and PMNL counts. Superoxides 103-113 ATHS Homo sapiens 7-10 12183447-2 2002 It has been hypothesized that in the absence of or under nonsaturating levels of L-arginine where O(2) reduction is the primary outcome of NOS activation, H(4)B promotes the generation of H(2)O(2) at the expense of O(2)(-.). Superoxides 98-102 H4 clustered histone 4 Homo sapiens 155-160 12183447-2 2002 It has been hypothesized that in the absence of or under nonsaturating levels of L-arginine where O(2) reduction is the primary outcome of NOS activation, H(4)B promotes the generation of H(2)O(2) at the expense of O(2)(-.). Superoxides 192-196 H4 clustered histone 4 Homo sapiens 155-160 12183447-5 2002 Initial rates of NADPH turnover and O(2) utilization were found to be considerably greater in the H(4)B-bound NOS I preparation than in the H(4)B-free NOS I preparation. Superoxides 36-40 H4 clustered histone 4 Homo sapiens 98-103 12215380-0 2002 Establishment of the superoxide production assay with human monocytic cell line, U937, for the evaluation of Syk kinase inhibitors. Superoxides 21-31 spleen associated tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 109-112 12215380-6 2002 Engagement of FcgammaRI stimulated superoxide production, which was accompanied with Syk phosphorylation. Superoxides 35-45 spleen associated tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 85-88 12215380-8 2002 Moreover, the treatment of cells with antisense oligonucleotide against syk attenuated Syk protein expression and suppressed superoxide production induced by FcgammaRI-engagement, but not by PMA. Superoxides 125-135 spleen associated tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 72-75 12383939-5 2002 MT-III was also able to efficiently remove the superoxide anion, which was generated from the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system. Superoxides 47-63 metallothionein 3 Homo sapiens 0-6 12440767-6 2002 A defect in any of the genes encoding gp91phox, p22phox, p67phox or p47phox results in chronic granulomatous disease, a genetic disorder characterized by severe and recurrent infections, illustrating the role of O2- and the derived metabolites H2O2 and HOCl in host defense against invading microorganisms. Superoxides 212-214 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 38-46 12440767-6 2002 A defect in any of the genes encoding gp91phox, p22phox, p67phox or p47phox results in chronic granulomatous disease, a genetic disorder characterized by severe and recurrent infections, illustrating the role of O2- and the derived metabolites H2O2 and HOCl in host defense against invading microorganisms. Superoxides 212-214 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 68-75 12192108-0 2002 Regulatory effects of eotaxin, eotaxin-2, and eotaxin-3 on eosinophil degranulation and superoxide anion generation. Superoxides 88-104 C-C motif chemokine ligand 26 Homo sapiens 46-55 12192108-5 2002 Investigation results suggest that all three subtypes of eotaxin directly stimulate eosinophil superoxide anion generation that is inhibited by neutralizing eotaxin antibody or pretreatment of cells with the receptor antibody anti-CCR3. Superoxides 95-111 C-C motif chemokine receptor 3 Homo sapiens 231-235 12186546-1 2002 Besides NO, neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) also produces superoxide (O(2)(-.) Superoxides 54-64 nitric oxide synthase 1 Rattus norvegicus 34-38 12186546-1 2002 Besides NO, neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) also produces superoxide (O(2)(-.) Superoxides 66-70 nitric oxide synthase 1 Rattus norvegicus 34-38 12186546-10 2002 Purified rat nNOS generated strong O(2)(-.) Superoxides 35-39 nitric oxide synthase 1 Rattus norvegicus 13-17 12101222-4 2002 We have previously reported that cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) expression and activity are essential for superoxide anion production in activated human monocytes. Superoxides 114-130 phospholipase A2 group IVA Homo sapiens 33-70 12119003-7 2002 We have found that, in a manner similar to CPR, nNOS can interact with 1,3-DNB and generate superoxide anion radical (O2*-). Superoxides 92-116 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Rattus norvegicus 43-46 12119003-7 2002 We have found that, in a manner similar to CPR, nNOS can interact with 1,3-DNB and generate superoxide anion radical (O2*-). Superoxides 92-116 nitric oxide synthase 1 Rattus norvegicus 48-52 12119003-7 2002 We have found that, in a manner similar to CPR, nNOS can interact with 1,3-DNB and generate superoxide anion radical (O2*-). Superoxides 118-122 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Rattus norvegicus 43-46 12119003-7 2002 We have found that, in a manner similar to CPR, nNOS can interact with 1,3-DNB and generate superoxide anion radical (O2*-). Superoxides 118-122 nitric oxide synthase 1 Rattus norvegicus 48-52 12119003-10 2002 Therefore, NO., L-citrulline, and O2*- are simultaneously produced by nNOS in the presence of 1,3-DNB and other nitroarenes. Superoxides 34-38 nitric oxide synthase 1 Rattus norvegicus 70-74 12470609-7 2002 These results suggested that a second receptor, likely FPR2, mediates superoxide production at high concentrations of fMLF. Superoxides 70-80 formyl peptide receptor 2 Mus musculus 55-59 12142572-6 2002 In conclusion, SAH during acute stage causes an increase in NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent superoxide formation in cerebral vessels, which is due to activation of tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent increased expression of gp91phox mRNA and translocation of Rac protein, thereby resulting in a significant reduction of autoregulatory vasodilation. Superoxides 86-96 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 217-225 12065324-14 2002 NADPH-induced superoxide generation was reduced by gp91ds-tat and apocynin, inhibitors of p47phox-gp91phox interactions. Superoxides 14-24 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 90-97 12065324-14 2002 NADPH-induced superoxide generation was reduced by gp91ds-tat and apocynin, inhibitors of p47phox-gp91phox interactions. Superoxides 14-24 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 98-106 12044177-2 2002 Previous studies have shown that aconitase/IRP-1 may be a target of *NO or peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), formed after reaction of *NO with superoxide anion (O(2)(*-)); however, the mechanisms and consequences of such interactions have remained uncertain. Superoxides 134-150 aconitase 1 Mus musculus 43-48 12044177-2 2002 Previous studies have shown that aconitase/IRP-1 may be a target of *NO or peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)), formed after reaction of *NO with superoxide anion (O(2)(*-)); however, the mechanisms and consequences of such interactions have remained uncertain. Superoxides 152-156 aconitase 1 Mus musculus 43-48 12044177-3 2002 In this study, recombinant aconitase/IRP-1 was exposed to SIN-1, whose thermal decomposition releases *NO and O(2)(*-). Superoxides 110-114 aconitase 1 Mus musculus 37-42 12044177-10 2002 *NO was less efficient than ONOO(-) in attacking the Fe-S cluster of cytoplasmic aconitase; in fact, SIN-1-dependent iron release and IRP-1 activation were diminished by superoxide dismutase, which scavenged O(2)(*-) before it reacted with *NO to form ONOO(-). Superoxides 208-212 aconitase 1 Mus musculus 69-90 12107766-1 2002 The manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) converts superoxide anions to hydrogen peroxide plus oxygen, providing the first line of defense against oxidative stress in mitochondria. Superoxides 53-70 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 4-34 12107766-1 2002 The manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) converts superoxide anions to hydrogen peroxide plus oxygen, providing the first line of defense against oxidative stress in mitochondria. Superoxides 53-70 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 36-42 12031983-14 2002 Restoration of vasorelaxation with PEG-SOD or allopurinol suggests that the mechanism(s) by which IL-10 preserves endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation involves O(2-), perhaps by reducing production of O(2-) by xanthine oxidase. Superoxides 160-165 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 210-226 12225397-9 2002 We speculate that the remarkable induction of gp91phox and p47phox protein is associated with an increase in superoxide-generating activity due to the synergistic effect of ATRA plus GM-CSF. Superoxides 109-119 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 46-54 12062184-3 2002 We also examined its effect on the potency of GcMAF to activate mouse peritoneal macrophage to produce superoxide in GcMAF-mediated macrophage activation cascade. Superoxides 103-113 GC vitamin D binding protein Homo sapiens 46-51 12062184-3 2002 We also examined its effect on the potency of GcMAF to activate mouse peritoneal macrophage to produce superoxide in GcMAF-mediated macrophage activation cascade. Superoxides 103-113 GC vitamin D binding protein Homo sapiens 117-122 12062184-6 2002 GcMAF enhance superoxide production in mouse macrophage, and pre-treatment of GcMAF with tumor cell lysate reduce the activity. Superoxides 14-24 GC vitamin D binding protein Homo sapiens 0-5 12062184-6 2002 GcMAF enhance superoxide production in mouse macrophage, and pre-treatment of GcMAF with tumor cell lysate reduce the activity. Superoxides 14-24 GC vitamin D binding protein Homo sapiens 78-83 12082502-3 2002 In particular, beside its function in the Krebs cycle and the respiratory chain, the specific redox properties of the enzyme could confer to the SDH a specific function in superoxide handling. Superoxides 172-182 succinate dehydrogenase complex iron sulfur subunit B Homo sapiens 145-148 11733522-1 2002 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes consists of a membranal heterodimeric flavocytochrome (cytochrome b(559)), composed of gp91(phox) and p22(phox) subunits, and four cytosolic proteins, p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (1 or 2). Superoxides 4-14 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 117-129 11884382-2 2002 However, it remains to be elucidated how in vivo angiotensin II treatment may alter the expression of the gp91(phox) isoforms and the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS III) and subsequent signaling events and whether, in addition to the NAD(P)H oxidase, NOS III contributes to vascular superoxide formation. Superoxides 291-301 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 169-176 11884382-12 2002 NADPH oxidase-induced superoxide production may trigger NOS III uncoupling, leading to impaired NO/cGMP signaling and to endothelial dysfunction in this animal model. Superoxides 22-32 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 56-63 11992625-0 2002 Inhibition of superoxide anion generation by YC-1 in rat neutrophils through cyclic GMP-dependent and -independent mechanisms. Superoxides 14-30 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 45-49 11834524-9 2002 VCAM-1 expression was significantly lower in MnSOD- and eNOS-transduced hypertensive arteries, with a concomitant reduction of superoxide level. Superoxides 127-137 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 45-50 11834524-9 2002 VCAM-1 expression was significantly lower in MnSOD- and eNOS-transduced hypertensive arteries, with a concomitant reduction of superoxide level. Superoxides 127-137 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 56-60 11834524-10 2002 These results suggest that gene transfer of MnSOD or eNOS suppresses arterial VCAM-1 expression in DOCA-salt hypertension by reducing the superoxide level. Superoxides 138-148 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 44-49 11834524-10 2002 These results suggest that gene transfer of MnSOD or eNOS suppresses arterial VCAM-1 expression in DOCA-salt hypertension by reducing the superoxide level. Superoxides 138-148 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 53-57 11899098-5 2002 Reactive oxygen species (e.g., superoxide, peroxynitrite, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical) are all potential reactants capable of initiating DNA single strand breakage, with subsequent activation of the nuclear enzyme poly (ADP ribose) synthetase (PARS), leading to eventual severe energy depletion of the cells, and necrotic-type cell death. Superoxides 31-41 glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase 1 Homo sapiens 255-259 11936750-4 2002 The superoxide scavenging capacity of PNS/TPL-that is, the inhibition of the reduction of cytochrome c in the presence of xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/XO)-was evaluated in vitro. Superoxides 4-14 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 131-147 11851353-2 2002 Using isolated microsomal membranes exposed to a superoxide and hydroxyl radical generating system, 9-AAP was found to be at least 10-fold more potent than propranolol (and about 50% as potent as vitamin E) in inhibiting lipid peroxidation. Superoxides 49-59 serpin family F member 2 Homo sapiens 102-105 11826097-1 2002 Consistent with this idea, we show that brief incubation of hippocampal slices with the superoxide-generating system xanthine/xanthine oxidase (X/XO) produces a long-lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission in area CA1. Superoxides 88-98 carbonic anhydrase 1 Homo sapiens 220-223 11585836-1 2001 Rac1 has been shown to activate a NADPH oxidase complex producing superoxide anions in a variety of mammalian cell types. Superoxides 66-83 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 11709424-8 2001 The results demonstrate that IL-1 beta-dependent MMP-9 induction is mediated by superoxide-stimulated ERK activation. Superoxides 80-90 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Homo sapiens 49-54 11672444-2 2001 Our objective was to compare the protection of GPX1 against cytotoxicity of superoxide generator diquat (DQ), NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP) and peroxynitrite generator 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1). Superoxides 76-86 glutathione peroxidase 1 Homo sapiens 47-51 11606320-13 2001 This study demonstrates that LTB(4)-induced superoxide generation from adherent and non-adherent eosinophils is mediated via both common (p38 MAP kinase, MEK-1, PKC and the src kinases) and divergent intracellular pathways (syk kinases and PtdIns 3-kinase). Superoxides 44-54 prostaglandin reductase 1 Cavia porcellus 29-35 11686491-1 2001 This study determined if endothelin (ET-1) generates superoxide anion (O2-) in a cyclooxygenase-dependent manner and if such production contributes to impairment of dilation to activators of ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) and calcium-sensitive K+ (Kca) channels following fluid percussion brain injury (FPI) in newborn pigs equipped with closed cranial windows. Superoxides 53-69 endothelin-1 Sus scrofa 37-41 11686491-1 2001 This study determined if endothelin (ET-1) generates superoxide anion (O2-) in a cyclooxygenase-dependent manner and if such production contributes to impairment of dilation to activators of ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) and calcium-sensitive K+ (Kca) channels following fluid percussion brain injury (FPI) in newborn pigs equipped with closed cranial windows. Superoxides 71-74 endothelin-1 Sus scrofa 37-41 11686491-8 2001 These data show that ET-1 increased O2- production in a cyclooxygenase-dependent manner and contributed to this production after FPI. Superoxides 36-38 endothelin-1 Sus scrofa 21-25 11520794-4 2001 Pretreatment of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha-primed neutrophils with antibodies against FcgammaRII and FcgammaRIII inhibited MPO-ANCA and PR3-ANCA induced superoxide generation, confirming that FcgammaR ligation is involved in ANCA-mediated neutrophil activation. Superoxides 160-170 Fc gamma receptor IIIa Homo sapiens 108-119 11509539-4 2001 In this study, we examined the hypothesis that NO inhibits MMP-9 induction by attenuating superoxide generation and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation. Superoxides 90-100 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Homo sapiens 59-64 11665837-6 2001 Furthermore, ICAM-1 expression by autologous blood was well correlated with generation of superoxide anion in the aortic segment (r=0.975, P<0.05). Superoxides 90-106 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 13-19 11665837-7 2001 Taken together, it is suggested that NADH/NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide is implicated in periarterial blood-induced vasospasm via increased expression of ICAM-1 with subsequent mobilization of granulocyte/macrophage. Superoxides 64-74 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 157-163 11525764-10 2001 Reactive oxygen species (e.g., superoxide, peroxynitrite, hydroxyl radical and hydrogen peroxide) are all potential reactants capable of initiating DNA single-strand breakage, with subsequent activation of the nuclear enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) synthetase (PARS), leading to eventual severe energy depletion of the cells, and necrotic-type cell death. Superoxides 31-41 glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase 1 Homo sapiens 255-259 11413138-1 2001 The phagocyte NADPH-dependent oxidase generates superoxide (O(2)) by reducing molecular oxygen through flavocytochrome b(558) (flavocytochrome b), a heterodimeric oxidoreductase composed of gp91(phox) and p22(phox) subunits. Superoxides 48-58 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 163-177 11509453-10 2001 These data suggest that the reduction of NOS activity associated with inhaled NO therapy may involve ETA receptor-mediated superoxide production. Superoxides 123-133 endothelin-1 receptor Ovis aries 101-104 11514595-1 2001 High molecular weight homologues of gp91phox, the superoxide-generating subunit of phagocyte nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-oxidase, have been identified in human (h) and Caenorhabditis elegans (Ce), and are termed Duox for "dual oxidase" because they have both a peroxidase homology domain and a gp91phox domain. Superoxides 50-60 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 36-44 11488600-3 2001 Our results show that oxidative stress induced by exogenous adding of hydrogen peroxide or superoxide anion in macrophage RAW 264.7 and mouse peritoneal macrophage cultures caused a marked enhancement of calcium-independent PLA2 (iPLA2) activity,whereas the increment of secreted PLA2 (sPLA2) and calcium-dependent cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) activities were slight. Superoxides 91-107 phospholipase A2, group IIA (platelets, synovial fluid) Mus musculus 224-228 11488600-3 2001 Our results show that oxidative stress induced by exogenous adding of hydrogen peroxide or superoxide anion in macrophage RAW 264.7 and mouse peritoneal macrophage cultures caused a marked enhancement of calcium-independent PLA2 (iPLA2) activity,whereas the increment of secreted PLA2 (sPLA2) and calcium-dependent cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) activities were slight. Superoxides 91-107 phospholipase A2, group IIA (platelets, synovial fluid) Mus musculus 231-235 11488600-3 2001 Our results show that oxidative stress induced by exogenous adding of hydrogen peroxide or superoxide anion in macrophage RAW 264.7 and mouse peritoneal macrophage cultures caused a marked enhancement of calcium-independent PLA2 (iPLA2) activity,whereas the increment of secreted PLA2 (sPLA2) and calcium-dependent cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) activities were slight. Superoxides 91-107 phospholipase A2, group IIA (platelets, synovial fluid) Mus musculus 286-291 11435314-0 2001 Improved superoxide-generating ability by interferon gamma due to splicing pattern change of transcripts in neutrophils from patients with a splice site mutation in CYBB gene. Superoxides 9-19 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 165-169 11464219-5 2001 Results indicate that early after UVB exposure (up to 4 h), PBR-transfected cells were more resistant to apoptosis and exhibited a delayed mitochondrial transmembrane potential drop, a diminished superoxide anions production, and a reduced caspase-3 activation. Superoxides 196-213 translocator protein Homo sapiens 60-63 11454988-7 2001 The alveolar cell population in the ASMKO mice produces less superoxide when stimulated, but this can be corrected by providing recombinant ASM to the culture media. Superoxides 61-71 sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1, acid lysosomal Mus musculus 36-39 11352506-5 2001 Results showed that Rac-1 activation is mediated via a pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive heteromeric G-protein pathway, and that Rac-1 membrane sequestration was preceded by [Ca2+]i mobilization following entry of Ca2+ e. Therefore, we propose that O2- production is dependent on activation of PTX-sensitive G-proteins and sequestration of Rac-1 in the plasma membrane, following entry of Ca2+ e. Superoxides 247-249 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 20-25 11352506-5 2001 Results showed that Rac-1 activation is mediated via a pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive heteromeric G-protein pathway, and that Rac-1 membrane sequestration was preceded by [Ca2+]i mobilization following entry of Ca2+ e. Therefore, we propose that O2- production is dependent on activation of PTX-sensitive G-proteins and sequestration of Rac-1 in the plasma membrane, following entry of Ca2+ e. Superoxides 247-249 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 127-132 11352506-5 2001 Results showed that Rac-1 activation is mediated via a pertussis toxin (PTX)-sensitive heteromeric G-protein pathway, and that Rac-1 membrane sequestration was preceded by [Ca2+]i mobilization following entry of Ca2+ e. Therefore, we propose that O2- production is dependent on activation of PTX-sensitive G-proteins and sequestration of Rac-1 in the plasma membrane, following entry of Ca2+ e. Superoxides 247-249 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 127-132 11331784-1 2001 Nox1, a homologue of gp91phox, the catalytic moiety of the superoxide (O(2)(-))-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes, causes increased O(2)(-) generation, increased mitotic rate, cell transformation, and tumorigenicity when expressed in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Superoxides 59-69 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 21-29 11331784-1 2001 Nox1, a homologue of gp91phox, the catalytic moiety of the superoxide (O(2)(-))-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes, causes increased O(2)(-) generation, increased mitotic rate, cell transformation, and tumorigenicity when expressed in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Superoxides 71-75 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 21-29 11331784-1 2001 Nox1, a homologue of gp91phox, the catalytic moiety of the superoxide (O(2)(-))-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes, causes increased O(2)(-) generation, increased mitotic rate, cell transformation, and tumorigenicity when expressed in NIH 3T3 fibroblasts. Superoxides 137-141 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 21-29 11348868-5 2001 These changes were NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent, because diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) abolished superoxide generation (P<0.001). Superoxides 90-100 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 19-26 11275480-2 2001 Subsequently, *NO/superoxide (O(2-)-derived peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) consumes one additional mol NADPH. Superoxides 18-28 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 96-101 11523308-0 2001 Protein kinase inhibition exerts cardioprotective effects in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion via inhibition of superoxide release. Superoxides 111-121 KIT proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase Rattus norvegicus 0-14 11523308-1 2001 Staurosporine, a selective inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC) in the low nanomolar range suppresses superoxide production from polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Superoxides 101-111 KIT proto-oncogene receptor tyrosine kinase Rattus norvegicus 40-54 11384204-2 2001 We previously demonstrated that NK1 and NK2 receptors are present on human monocytes, SP and NKA inducing superoxide anion production and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA expression. Superoxides 106-122 tachykinin receptor 2 Homo sapiens 40-43 11256471-2 2001 In the in vitro studies, BWHE scavenged super oxide anion produced in the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system (IC50=11.4 microg phenolic compound/ml), and strongly inhibited autoxidation of linoleic acid (IC50=6.2 microg phenolic compound/ml). Superoxides 40-57 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 83-99 11339504-1 2001 OBJECTIVE: Superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase consists of the membrane-bound cytochrome b558 (gp91phox and p22Phox) and the cytosolic components (p67phox, p47phox, p40phox and rac). Superoxides 11-21 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 78-90 11339504-1 2001 OBJECTIVE: Superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase consists of the membrane-bound cytochrome b558 (gp91phox and p22Phox) and the cytosolic components (p67phox, p47phox, p40phox and rac). Superoxides 11-21 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 95-103 11339504-1 2001 OBJECTIVE: Superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase consists of the membrane-bound cytochrome b558 (gp91phox and p22Phox) and the cytosolic components (p67phox, p47phox, p40phox and rac). Superoxides 11-21 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 156-163 11261799-6 2001 When stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), Lsp1-/- peritoneal neutrophils produce more superoxide than WT. Superoxides 102-112 lymphocyte specific 1 Mus musculus 58-62 11261799-7 2001 The data presented suggest that LSP1 plays important roles in the regulation of neutrophil morphology, motility, and superoxide production. Superoxides 117-127 lymphocyte specific 1 Mus musculus 32-36 11230347-0 2001 Superoxide inhibits neuronal nitric oxide synthase influences on afferent arterioles in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Superoxides 0-10 nitric oxide synthase 1 Rattus norvegicus 20-50 11230347-1 2001 This study was designed to determine the influence of increased superoxide anion in neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-dependent regulation of afferent arterioles in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Superoxides 64-80 nitric oxide synthase 1 Rattus norvegicus 84-114 11230347-1 2001 This study was designed to determine the influence of increased superoxide anion in neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS)-dependent regulation of afferent arterioles in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Superoxides 64-80 nitric oxide synthase 1 Rattus norvegicus 116-120 11230347-10 2001 These suggest that superoxide anion inhibits the control of afferent arteriolar diameters by nNOS in SHR. Superoxides 19-35 nitric oxide synthase 1 Rattus norvegicus 93-97 11145705-2 2001 In bone marrow (BM) neutrophils isolated from rac2(-/-) mice generated by gene targeting, we previously reported that PMA-induced superoxide production was reduced by about 4-fold, which was partially corrected in TNF-alpha-primed BM neutrophils and in peritoneal exudate neutrophils. Superoxides 130-140 Rac family small GTPase 2 Mus musculus 46-50 11145705-3 2001 We investigated receptor-mediated activation of the NADPH oxidase in the current study, finding that superoxide production in rac2(-/-) BM and peritoneal exudate neutrophils was normal in response to opsonized zymosan, reduced to 22% of wild type in response to IgG-coated SRBC, and almost absent in response to fMLP. Superoxides 101-111 Rac family small GTPase 2 Mus musculus 126-130 11732328-4 2001 Fibroblasts, hepatocytes, and HeLa cells possess a superoxide system which shows higher activity with NADH than NADPH. Superoxides 51-61 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 112-117 11007780-1 2000 The superoxide (O(2))-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes consists of a membrane-associated flavocytochrome (cytochrome b(559)) and four cytosolic proteins, p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase Rac (Rac1 or -2). Superoxides 16-20 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 227-231 11007780-2 2000 NADPH oxidase activation (O(2) production) is elicited as the consequence of assembly of some or all cytosolic components with cytochrome b(559). Superoxides 26-30 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 127-139 11007780-4 2000 We now show that post-translationally processed (prenylated) Rac1 initiates NADPH oxidase assembly, expressed in O(2) production, in a cell-free system containing phagocyte membrane vesicles and p67(phox), in the absence of an activating amphiphile and of p47(phox). Superoxides 113-117 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 61-65 11007780-8 2000 Binding of prenylated Rac1 to membrane vesicles is accompanied by the recruitment of p67(phox) to the same location and the formation of an assembled NADPH oxidase complex, producing O(2) upon the addition of NADPH. Superoxides 183-187 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 22-26 11168498-1 2000 Flavocytochrome b558 (Cyt b) is important in generating superoxide and other toxic oxygen species involved in inflammation and host defense. Superoxides 56-66 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 22-27 11118808-3 2000 Superoxide is controlled by enzymes such as manganese- or copper-zinc-dependent superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD, CuZn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and antioxidants derived from heme oxygenase (HO) activity such as biliverdin and bilirubin. Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 44-100 11118808-3 2000 Superoxide is controlled by enzymes such as manganese- or copper-zinc-dependent superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD, CuZn-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and antioxidants derived from heme oxygenase (HO) activity such as biliverdin and bilirubin. Superoxides 0-10 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 102-108 11073107-2 2000 This was followed by a second release of superoxide, which began at 10 min after addition of C5a, was sustained for more than 30 min, and required ICAM-1 immobilized in the wells. Superoxides 41-51 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 147-153 11050244-2 2000 We determined first that hyperglycemia induced a decrease in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase activity in bovine aortic endothelial cells via increased production of mitochondrial superoxide and a concomitant 2.4-fold increase in hexosamine pathway activity. Superoxides 188-198 LOC786101 Bos taurus 61-101 11009441-12 2000 The source of superoxide in this model may be xanthine oxidase. Superoxides 14-24 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 46-62 11037884-0 2000 Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and beta2 integrins in C1q-stimulated superoxide production by human neutrophils: an example of a general regulatory mechanism governing acute inflammation. Superoxides 72-82 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 0-33 11037884-1 2000 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and beta2 integrins in the production of superoxide (O2-) by C1q-stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Superoxides 122-132 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 38-71 11037884-1 2000 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and beta2 integrins in the production of superoxide (O2-) by C1q-stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Superoxides 122-132 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 73-79 11037884-1 2000 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and beta2 integrins in the production of superoxide (O2-) by C1q-stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Superoxides 134-136 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 38-71 11037884-1 2000 OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and beta2 integrins in the production of superoxide (O2-) by C1q-stimulated human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Superoxides 134-136 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 73-79 11037884-7 2000 Co-immobilization of ICAM-1 with C1q cooperatively triggered O2- production by PMN. Superoxides 61-63 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 21-27 10942521-1 2000 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is an antioxidant enzyme that reduces superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide in cell mitochondria. Superoxides 77-93 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-30 10942521-1 2000 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is an antioxidant enzyme that reduces superoxide anion to hydrogen peroxide in cell mitochondria. Superoxides 77-93 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 32-37 10990205-17 2000 CONCLUSIONS: H2O2 and superoxide anion radical (O(*-)2) were deduced to be the intermediates involved in the ascorbate/Cu(II)/O2-induced oxidation of cyclic-His peptide. Superoxides 22-46 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 119-128 10873554-1 2000 The present study is the first to show that superoxide (O(-)(2)) forming NADPH oxidase is activated in Alzheimer"s disease (AD) brains by demonstrating the marked translocation of the cytosolic factors p47-phox and p67-phox to the membrane. Superoxides 44-54 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 202-210 10838165-6 2000 Superoxide formation by microsomes prepared from the cultured cells was decreased by immunoinhibition of NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase or by its irreversible inhibition by diphenyliodonium chloride, suggesting the involvement of this flavoprotein in radical production. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Rattus norvegicus 105-136 10747906-2 2000 NADPH stimulated the production of superoxide anion and H(2)O(2) in human aortic endothelial cells that was inhibited by the NADPH oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium and was significantly attenuated in cells transiently expressing a dominant negative allele of the small GTP-binding protein Rac1, which is required for oxidase activity. Superoxides 35-51 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 294-298 10844115-1 2000 A ditriazine derivative (4,10-dichloropyrido[5,6:4,5]thieno[3,2-d":3, 2-d]-1,2,3-ditriazine (DTD)) inhibited neutrophil functions, including degranulation, superoxide generation, and leukotriene B(4) production, without any effect on 5-lipoxygenase activity. Superoxides 156-166 arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase Mus musculus 234-248 16859283-2 2000 METHODS: In an in vitro study, a significant amount of superoxide inhibited by diphenyleneiodonium (20 microM and 100 microM) was identified at 3 hours after application of 10% whole blood to the aortic segments, and these results were correlated with in vitro ICAM-1 expression. Superoxides 55-65 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 261-267 16859283-7 2000 CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that application of PAAB to the rat FA causes superoxide-linked expression of ICAM-1 and mobilization of granulocyte and macrophages. Superoxides 82-92 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 114-120 10879688-5 2000 Both CD64+ subsets (CD16+ or CD16-) exhibit high phagocytic activity accompanied by intracellular superoxide induction. Superoxides 98-108 Fc gamma receptor IIIa Homo sapiens 20-24 10879688-5 2000 Both CD64+ subsets (CD16+ or CD16-) exhibit high phagocytic activity accompanied by intracellular superoxide induction. Superoxides 98-108 Fc gamma receptor IIIa Homo sapiens 29-33 10927881-0 2000 Spin-trapping detection of superoxides in polymorphonuclear leukocytes stimulated with serum-opsonized zymosan. Superoxides 27-38 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 10754302-0 2000 Independent functioning of cytosolic phospholipase A2 and phospholipase D1 in Trp-Lys-Tyr-Met-Val-D-Met-induced superoxide generation in human monocytes. Superoxides 112-122 phospholipase A2 group IVA Homo sapiens 27-53 10754302-3 2000 Superoxide generation as well as arachidonic acid (AA) release evoked by treatment with WKYMVm could be almost completely blocked by pretreatment of the cells with cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2)-specific inhibitors. Superoxides 0-10 phospholipase A2 group IVA Homo sapiens 164-178 10754302-3 2000 Superoxide generation as well as arachidonic acid (AA) release evoked by treatment with WKYMVm could be almost completely blocked by pretreatment of the cells with cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2)-specific inhibitors. Superoxides 0-10 phospholipase A2 group IVA Homo sapiens 180-185 10788668-2 2000 Superoxide (O(2)(-&z. rad;)) was generated by xanthine oxidase metabolism of hypoxanthine, and quantified by following reduction of cytochrome c by O(2)(-&z. rad;) as increasing absorbance at 550 nm. Superoxides 0-10 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 50-66 10722648-2 2000 Xanthine oxidase (XO) is another enzyme known to produce superoxide in many tissues. Superoxides 57-67 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 0-16 10722648-2 2000 Xanthine oxidase (XO) is another enzyme known to produce superoxide in many tissues. Superoxides 57-67 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 18-20 10942074-4 2000 The superoxide radical level after UV-B irradiation measured by the cytochrome c reduction method shows only a slight increase (p > 0.05). Superoxides 4-22 cytochrome c Sus scrofa 68-80 10669417-3 2000 The study of the mice lacking PLC-beta2 and -beta3 revealed that the PLC pathways have an important role in chemoattractant-mediated production of superoxide and regulation of protein kinases, but not chemotaxis. Superoxides 147-157 phospholipase C, beta 2 Mus musculus 30-50 10694352-10 2000 Superoxide anions significantly increased matrix metalloproteinase 9 activity but did not increase matrix metalloproteinase 2 activity, which effect was reversed by the addition of superoxide dismutase. Superoxides 0-17 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Homo sapiens 42-68 10694352-15 2000 Matrix metalloproteinase 9 activity in human fetal membranes is directly increased by superoxide anion, a byproduct of macrophages and neutrophils. Superoxides 86-102 matrix metallopeptidase 9 Homo sapiens 0-26 10676651-1 2000 Xanthine oxidase (XO) mediates anticancer activity because of its ability to generate cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 137-161 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 0-16 10651808-1 2000 Involvement of protein kinase C. Stimulation of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) with PMA initiates a cascade of events leading to the production and release of superoxide anion (O-2), a major component in anti-bacterial defense. Superoxides 170-186 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 188-191 10724328-0 2000 Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-pump isoform SERCA3a is more resistant to superoxide damage than SERCA2b. Superoxides 75-85 ATPase sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 3 Homo sapiens 46-52 10644010-4 1999 We investigated whether superoxide anion direct generation or accumulation through specific SOD inhibition, may affect ICAM-1 expression in human melanoma and endothelial cells. Superoxides 24-40 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 119-125 10577519-1 1999 NADPH oxidase, a superoxide-producing enzyme in phagocytic cells, consists of membrane-associated cytochrome b558 and cytosolic components (p47-phox, p67-phox, p40-phox, rac 1/2). Superoxides 17-27 cytochrome b Cavia porcellus 98-110 12666954-9 1999 These results suggest that lipopolysaccharide binding protein in rapidly progressive periodontitis serum may be responsible for enhancement of superoxide generation, which may result in more severe tissue damage in these patients. Superoxides 143-153 lipopolysaccharide binding protein Homo sapiens 27-61 10555159-6 1999 When compared with NGF, BDNF induced a weaker but significant protective effect on the cells from O2- induced death. Superoxides 98-100 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 24-28 10555159-8 1999 On the other hand, BDNF increased O2- and decreased H2O2- levels in the same cells, although not so strongly as NGF. Superoxides 34-36 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 19-23 10555159-9 1999 These results suggest that decreasing conversion from O2- to H2O2 is also critical for the protection by BDNF, which is considered to play a central role in survival and differentiation of CNS neurons. Superoxides 54-56 brain-derived neurotrophic factor Rattus norvegicus 105-109 10453032-0 1999 Superoxide attenuates macrophage apoptosis by NF-kappa B and AP-1 activation that promotes cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Superoxides 0-10 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 61-65 10453032-5 1999 Preactivation with superoxide promoted cyclooxygenase-2 induction that was NF-kappa B and AP-1 mediated. Superoxides 19-29 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 90-94 10453032-8 1999 The importance of AP-1 for superoxide-mediated Cox-2 expression and cell protection was substantiated by using the extracellular signal-regulated kinase-inhibitor PD98059 and the p38-inhibitor SB203580, which blocked Cox-2 expression. Superoxides 27-37 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 18-22 10393079-1 1999 It is commonly assumed that activation of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase requires the formation of a stable complex between flavocytochrome b-245 (the gp91phox/p22phox heterodimer) and the cytosolic cofactors p47phox, p67phox and Rac2. Superoxides 46-56 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 160-168 10393079-1 1999 It is commonly assumed that activation of the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase requires the formation of a stable complex between flavocytochrome b-245 (the gp91phox/p22phox heterodimer) and the cytosolic cofactors p47phox, p67phox and Rac2. Superoxides 46-56 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 218-225 10377083-3 1999 We hypothesized that either angiotensin II or ET-1 may increase vascular O2.- production during nitrate therapy. Superoxides 73-75 endothelin-1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 46-50 10377083-14 1999 CONCLUSIONS: The positive effects of AT1 and ET-1 receptor blockade on tolerance and O2.- production imply a pathophysiological role for angiotensin II and to some extent for ET-1 in the development of nitrate tolerance. Superoxides 85-87 endothelin-1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 45-49 10377083-14 1999 CONCLUSIONS: The positive effects of AT1 and ET-1 receptor blockade on tolerance and O2.- production imply a pathophysiological role for angiotensin II and to some extent for ET-1 in the development of nitrate tolerance. Superoxides 85-87 endothelin-1 Oryctolagus cuniculus 175-179 10224233-3 1999 We recently identified a novel polyisoprenyl phosphate (PIPP) signaling pathway and found that one of its components, presqualene diphosphate (PSDP), is a potent negative intracellular signal in PMN that regulates superoxide anion generation by several stimuli, including phosphatidic acid. Superoxides 214-230 phospholipid phosphatase 6 Homo sapiens 143-147 10224233-6 1999 In sharp contrast, activation of the LXA4 receptor reversed LTB4-initiated PSDP remodeling, leading to an accumulation of PSDP and potent inhibition of both PLD and superoxide anion generation. Superoxides 165-181 phospholipid phosphatase 6 Homo sapiens 75-79 11225730-0 1999 The actin cytoskeleton reorganization induced by Rac1 requires the production of superoxide. Superoxides 81-91 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 49-53 11225730-9 1999 Our data support the hypothesis that superoxide is one of the important mediators acting downstream of rac1 on the pathway of actin cytoskeleton remodeling in endothelial cells. Superoxides 37-47 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 103-107 10402208-4 1999 Furthermore, a synthetic peptide corresponding to the COOH-terminus of the large subunit apparently blocked superoxide production in a specific and dose-dependent fashion in eel and tilapia neutrophils, indicating that the region equivalent to the COOH-terminus of cytochrome b large subunit is responsible for superoxide generation in fish neutrophils. Superoxides 108-118 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 265-277 10402208-4 1999 Furthermore, a synthetic peptide corresponding to the COOH-terminus of the large subunit apparently blocked superoxide production in a specific and dose-dependent fashion in eel and tilapia neutrophils, indicating that the region equivalent to the COOH-terminus of cytochrome b large subunit is responsible for superoxide generation in fish neutrophils. Superoxides 311-321 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 265-277 10214958-0 1999 The extensin multigene family responds differentially to superoxide or hydrogen peroxide in tomato cell cultures. Superoxides 57-67 extensin-3-like Solanum lycopersicum 4-12 11674206-5 1999 Superoxide trapping by DEPPPO gave a persistent nitroxide spin adduct, and its half-time life was measured and compared to that of the DEPMPO analogue. Superoxides 0-10 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 58-62 9922209-0 1999 Superoxide mediates cigarette smoke-induced infiltration of neutrophils into the airways through nuclear factor-kappaB activation and IL-8 mRNA expression in guinea pigs in vivo. Superoxides 0-10 interleukin-8 Cavia porcellus 134-138 9922209-1 1999 We examined the hypothesis that superoxide mediates infiltration of neutrophils to the airways through nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and interleukin-8 (IL-8) after acute exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) in vivo. Superoxides 32-42 interleukin-8 Cavia porcellus 134-147 9922209-1 1999 We examined the hypothesis that superoxide mediates infiltration of neutrophils to the airways through nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB and interleukin-8 (IL-8) after acute exposure to cigarette smoke (CS) in vivo. Superoxides 32-42 interleukin-8 Cavia porcellus 149-153 9922209-11 1999 These observations suggest that acute exposure to CS initiates superoxide-dependent mechanism that, through NF-kappaB activation and IL-8 mRNA expression, produces infiltration of neutrophils to the airways in vivo. Superoxides 63-73 interleukin-8 Cavia porcellus 133-137 9895214-4 1999 Oxygen free radicals generated by the hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase system led to a marked increase in the current through GIRK channels, termed superoxide-induced current (I(SO)). Superoxides 145-155 potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 3 S homeolog Xenopus laevis 123-127 10072071-4 1999 Superoxide production by rac2-/- bone marrow neutrophils was significantly reduced compared to wild type, but it was normal in activated peritoneal exudate neutrophils. Superoxides 0-10 Rac family small GTPase 2 Mus musculus 25-29 10416679-1 1999 Manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) is a naturally-occurring scavenger of superoxide, one of several reactive oxygen intermediates. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 32-38 10021465-7 1999 GM-CSF plays an important role in GBS clearance in vivo, mediated in part by its role in enhancing superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production and bacterial killing by alveolar macrophages. Superoxides 99-109 colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage) Mus musculus 0-6 9933760-5 1999 These results suggested that superoxide anion/hydrogen peroxide generated during the ischemia-reperfusion other than EGF could act as an activator for the EGFR. Superoxides 29-45 epidermal growth factor receptor Rattus norvegicus 155-159 10761632-5 1999 The demonstration of the presence of the elastin receptor on leukocytes facilitated the detailed description of the transmission pathway from receptor to the intracellular sites activated by the receptor: modifications of ion fluxes, increase of elastase production and excretion of reactive oxygen species, superoxide and NO*. Superoxides 308-318 elastin Homo sapiens 41-48 10761632-6 1999 The calcium transients triggered by elastin peptides acting on the receptor decrease with age, the receptor appears to be uncoupled from the G-proteins, but superoxide release is increased. Superoxides 157-167 elastin Homo sapiens 36-43 10343137-10 1999 CONCLUSION: The production of superoxide correlates with HSP70 induction, but not with LDH release. Superoxides 30-40 heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 4 Homo sapiens 57-62 9862783-3 1999 LY293111 inhibited LTB4-induced human neutrophil aggregation (IC50 = 32 +/- 5 nM), luminol-dependent chemiluminescence (IC50 = 20 +/- 2 nM), chemotaxis (IC50 = 6.3 +/- 1.7 nM), and superoxide production by adherent cells (IC50 = 0.5 nM). Superoxides 181-191 prostaglandin reductase 1 Cavia porcellus 19-23 9837891-1 1998 The efflux of protons through a H+ channel acts as the charge compensation pathway for the electrogenic generation of superoxide (O-2) by human neutrophil NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 118-128 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 130-133 9843849-2 1998 NO can combine with superoxide (O-2) to form peroxynitrite, which can decompose into nitrate. Superoxides 20-30 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 32-35 9770244-4 1998 Additionally, it stimulates mRNA levels for superoxide dismutase and the activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (all of which are antioxidative enzymes), thereby increasing its antioxidative capacity. Superoxides 44-54 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 137-170 9779342-4 1998 G-CSF and GM-CSF have been shown to both enhance neonatal neutrophil superoxide production in vitro and to increase circulating neutrophil numbers through expansion of the NSP in the BM in neonatal rats and humans. Superoxides 69-79 colony stimulating factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 10-16 9786603-1 1998 We investigated the effect of oxidative stress on the expression of adrenomedullin (AM) mRNA in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), using diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC), which is known to inhibit endogenous Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) and to increase superoxide (O2-). Superoxides 227-237 adrenomedullin Rattus norvegicus 68-82 9786603-1 1998 We investigated the effect of oxidative stress on the expression of adrenomedullin (AM) mRNA in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), using diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC), which is known to inhibit endogenous Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD) and to increase superoxide (O2-). Superoxides 282-284 adrenomedullin Rattus norvegicus 68-82 9721338-4 1998 The timing of paralleled induction of XO with that of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) indicates efficient simultaneous reaction: NO + O2*- --> ONOO- (peroxynitrite). Superoxides 131-137 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 38-40 9624128-1 1998 The superoxide generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytes consists, in resting cells, of a membrane-associated electron transporting flavocytochrome (cytochrome b559) and four cytosolic proteins as follows: p47(phox), p67(phox), p40(phox), and the small GTPase, Rac(1 or 2). Superoxides 4-14 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 258-268 9695291-2 1998 This disease is a disorder of the formation of superoxide (O2-) by the neutrophil NADPH oxidase system, mostly due to defects in cytochrome b558 (cyt b558), which is one of the oxidase components. Superoxides 47-57 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 129-141 9695291-2 1998 This disease is a disorder of the formation of superoxide (O2-) by the neutrophil NADPH oxidase system, mostly due to defects in cytochrome b558 (cyt b558), which is one of the oxidase components. Superoxides 59-61 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 129-141 9668203-2 1998 Assuming that electron transfer between hemes of cytochrome b is the main electrogenic step of the Q-cycle, we found that rate of superoxide production increased dramatically with increase in DeltaPsi in the range from 170 to 200 mV. Superoxides 131-141 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 50-62 9556587-10 1998 The detection of NADPH-oxidizing activities and a production of superoxide anion catalyzed by mtNOS and recombinant cytochrome P450 reductase were consistent with the sequence homology reported for these two proteins. Superoxides 64-80 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Rattus norvegicus 116-141 9514859-7 1998 Escherichia coli, a species resistant to the antibiotic, did not reduce Q1 and showed lower superoxide anion generation; besides, there was an increase of intracellular SOD with extracellular decrease. Superoxides 92-108 AT695_RS09750 Staphylococcus aureus 169-172 9497319-4 1998 Kinetic analysis showed that the degradation of S-nitrosothiols in the presence of superoxide proceeded at second order rate constants of 76,900 M-1 s-1 (S-nitrosocysteine) and 12,800 M-1 s-1 (S-nitrosoglutathione), respectively, with a stoichiometric ratio of 1 mol of S-nitrosothiol per 2 mol of superoxide. Superoxides 83-93 period circadian regulator 2 Homo sapiens 285-290 9497394-7 1998 Alanine substitution or deletion of the carboxyl-terminal Phe570 in gp91phox resulted in a 2-fold reduction in superoxide production. Superoxides 111-121 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 68-76 9579260-1 1998 PURPOSE: We investigated the relationship between the generation of superoxide radicals and histopathological changes on delayed neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 subfield. Superoxides 68-87 carbonic anhydrase 1 Homo sapiens 163-166 9579260-11 1998 CONCLUSION: There is a correlation between the generation of superoxide radicals and histopathological changes of the pyramidal cells in the hippocampal CA1 subfield. Superoxides 61-80 carbonic anhydrase 1 Homo sapiens 153-156 9435318-8 1998 However, PMNs treated sequentially with LPS and fMLP showed a three- to sixfold increase (compared with either agent alone) in plasma membrane-associated p47-phox, p67-phox, and Rac2, and translocation paralleled augmented O2- generation by intact PMNs. Superoxides 223-225 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 154-162 9414292-1 1998 The X-linked form of chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is caused by mutations in the CYBB gene, which encodes the 91-kD subunit of the flavocytochrome b558, a component of the superoxide-generating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase in phagocytic leukocytes. Superoxides 178-188 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 87-91 9414292-7 1998 The presence of the normal CYBB gene in the mother was also proven by the finding of normal superoxide-generating neutrophils in addition to cells lacking this ability. Superoxides 92-102 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 27-31 9791941-6 1998 This protein is a part of the NADPH-oxidase complex that neutrophilic granulocytes employ to generate O-2, superoxide anion. Superoxides 107-123 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 102-105 9436627-6 1998 Moreover, the O2.- -generating system, xanthine plus xanthine oxidase, caused a marked hyperpolarization. Superoxides 14-16 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 53-69 9436627-8 1998 Furthermore, in the presence of quinidine, a blocker of Ca2+-dependent K+ conductance fMLP and PAF caused only prolonged depolarization while the effect of O2.- was reduced to a minimum. Superoxides 156-158 patchy fur Mus musculus 95-98 9436627-9 1998 These data suggest that the macrophage hyperpolarization response to fMLP and PAF involves superoxide-mediated Ca2+-dependent alteration of the relative membrane permeability to K+. Superoxides 91-101 patchy fur Mus musculus 78-81 9423851-0 1998 Interleukin-15 augments superoxide production and microbicidal activity of human monocytes against Candida albicans. Superoxides 24-34 interleukin 15 Homo sapiens 0-14 9423851-2 1998 We report here results demonstrating the ability of IL-15 to enhance superoxide production and antifungal activity of human monocytes. Superoxides 69-79 interleukin 15 Homo sapiens 52-57 9423851-3 1998 After 18 and 48 h of treatment with IL-15, human elutriated monocytes manifested enhanced superoxide production in response to either phorbol myristate acetate or opsonized Candida albicans blastoconidia. Superoxides 90-100 interleukin 15 Homo sapiens 36-41 9423851-7 1998 Antibodies against the gamma chain of the IL-2 receptor and, to a lesser extent, against the beta chain partially abrogated the IL-15-mediated enhanced superoxide production. Superoxides 152-162 interleukin 15 Homo sapiens 128-133 9423860-5 1998 The mutant showed no increased sensitivity to paraquat, which generates superoxide within the cytosol, but was approximately 1,000-fold more sensitive to the toxicity of superoxide generated in solution by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system. Superoxides 170-180 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 219-235 9488113-4 1998 The superoxide production observed during NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase-dependent monoelectronic reduction of four xenobiotics, menadione, anthraquinone, nitrofurazone and diquat, was also investigated in these cultured cells at confluence. Superoxides 4-14 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Rattus norvegicus 42-73 9507510-7 1998 Alkali-lignin also hinders the activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, another enzyme related to the generation of superoxide anion radicals, with an IC50 of 123.6 micrograms/ml, and obstructs the growth and viability of cancer (HeLa) cells in a dose-dependent manner. Superoxides 122-147 glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase Homo sapiens 43-76 9445352-13 1998 It suggests that Mn-SOD protects the cells in these regions from superoxide-induced damage and therefore may limit the retrograde and anterograde spread of neurotoxicity. Superoxides 65-75 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 17-23 9425254-1 1997 The cytosolic proteins p47phox and p67phox, each containing two SH3 domains, are required for activation of the superoxide-producing phagocyte NADPH oxidase in a cell-free system with human neutrophil membrane and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 112-122 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 23-30 9421281-4 1997 In naive guinea-pig AM, 0.06 nM hr-IL-1alpha pretreatment decreased by 65% O2.- release stimulated with 10 nM fMLP. Superoxides 75-77 interleukin-1 alpha Cavia porcellus 35-44 9421281-20 1997 In conclusion, hr-IL-1alpha can modulate the responsiveness of AM from naive and sensitized guinea-pigs, as suggested by changes found in the release of PAF and O2.- and in cPLA2 activity; therefore, sensitization itself may affect cellular responsiveness. Superoxides 161-163 interleukin-1 alpha Cavia porcellus 18-27 9464844-7 1997 [Ca2+]i measured with fluo-3-loaded PMN by flow cytometry and O2- production determined by lucigenin-dependent chemiluminescence were inhibited by co-cross-linking of CD45 with Fc gammaRIIa in comparison to isotype control monoclonal antibody (mAb). Superoxides 62-64 protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C Homo sapiens 167-171 9464844-9 1997 In summary, both clustered human RPTP, CD45 and CD148, inhibit Fc gammaRIIa-induced O2- production in PMN, but they differ in regulation of [Ca2+]i. Superoxides 84-86 protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type C Homo sapiens 39-43 9419017-6 1997 Furthermore, three kinds of bovine serum albumin (BSA) with different purity, and human serum and plasma albumins, also enhanced O2- production to a similar extent to that by rat serum. Superoxides 129-131 albumin Rattus norvegicus 35-48 9365277-2 1997 Oxidase specific proteins in the cytosol, p47phox and p67phox, as well as the small GTP binding protein p21rac are important for activation of superoxide production. Superoxides 143-153 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 42-49 9400607-8 1997 In addition, GM-CSF was also found to synergistically enhance the superoxide production by neutrophils in response to EBV. Superoxides 66-76 colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage) Mus musculus 13-19 9374727-2 1997 Because superoxide rapidly scavenges .NO, forming the injurious peroxynitrite anion (OONO-), we hypothesize that stimulated cells upregulate EC-SOD expression concurrently with .NO release. Superoxides 8-18 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 141-147 9359403-8 1997 Whereas both fMLP and GM-CSF stimulated superoxide production, IL-3 failed to activate respiratory burst activity. Superoxides 40-50 colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage) Mus musculus 22-28 9370364-1 1997 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytic cells is a multicomponent system containing a membrane-bound flavocytochrome b and a small G protein Rac as well as cytosolic factors p67phox, p47phox and p40phox which translocate to the membrane upon activation. Superoxides 4-14 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 205-212 9280288-5 1997 On the other hand, nitric oxide and superoxide generated concomitantly from 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1) did not induce appreciable hemolysis, while it converted hemoglobin to methemoglobin extensively. Superoxides 36-46 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 179-192 9264504-7 1997 The induction of MCP-1 by cytokines or oxidized lipoproteins was associated with an increased generation of superoxide anion by the SMCs and increased activity of the transcriptional protein nuclear factor-kappaB (NFkappaB). Superoxides 108-124 C-C motif chemokine 2 Oryctolagus cuniculus 17-22 9235911-1 1997 Rates of mitochondrial superoxide anion radical (O-2) generation are known to be inversely correlated with the maximum life span potential of different mammalian species. Superoxides 23-47 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 49-52 9231752-0 1997 Differential vulnerability of the CA1 and CA3 subfields of the hippocampus to superoxide and hydroxyl radicals in vitro. Superoxides 78-88 carbonic anhydrase 1 Homo sapiens 34-37 9231752-2 1997 Cultures exposed to 100 microM duroquinone, a superoxide-generating compound, for 3 h developed CA1-selective lesions over a period of 24 h. The damage accounted for approximately 64% of the CA1 subfield, whereas CA3 showed just 6% damage, a pattern of damage comparable to that observed following hypoxia/ischaemia. Superoxides 46-56 carbonic anhydrase 1 Homo sapiens 96-99 9231752-6 1997 These data demonstrate a selective vulnerability of the CA1 pyramidal neurones to superoxide-induced damage and suggest that of the free radicals generated following hypoxia/ischaemia, superoxide, rather than hydroxyl radical, is instrumental in producing neuronal damage. Superoxides 82-92 carbonic anhydrase 1 Homo sapiens 56-59 9231752-6 1997 These data demonstrate a selective vulnerability of the CA1 pyramidal neurones to superoxide-induced damage and suggest that of the free radicals generated following hypoxia/ischaemia, superoxide, rather than hydroxyl radical, is instrumental in producing neuronal damage. Superoxides 185-195 carbonic anhydrase 1 Homo sapiens 56-59 9291376-5 1997 Our hypothesis is that the well-recognized postinjury mediators platelet-activating factor (PAF) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) prime PMNs for the concordant release of elastase and superoxide (O2-) as well as for CD11b up-regulation. Superoxides 177-187 integrin subunit alpha M Homo sapiens 209-214 9291376-5 1997 Our hypothesis is that the well-recognized postinjury mediators platelet-activating factor (PAF) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) prime PMNs for the concordant release of elastase and superoxide (O2-) as well as for CD11b up-regulation. Superoxides 189-191 integrin subunit alpha M Homo sapiens 209-214 9195914-13 1997 They also highlight the primary importance of CXCR1 in chemokine-mediated release of granule enzymes and superoxide generation. Superoxides 105-115 C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 1 Homo sapiens 46-51 9151291-10 1997 These results suggest that the suppression of PKC activity through the interaction with the regulatory region of PKC is involved in the inhibition by cycloheterophyllin of the O2- generation in rat neutrophils. Superoxides 176-178 protein kinase C, beta Rattus norvegicus 46-49 9151291-10 1997 These results suggest that the suppression of PKC activity through the interaction with the regulatory region of PKC is involved in the inhibition by cycloheterophyllin of the O2- generation in rat neutrophils. Superoxides 176-178 protein kinase C, beta Rattus norvegicus 113-116 9131041-1 1997 The superoxide (O2-)-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytic cells is composed of a membrane-bound flavocytochrome (cytochrome b-559) and three cytosolic components, p47-phox, p67-phox, and the small GTPase rac-1 (or 2). Superoxides 4-14 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 115-127 9131041-1 1997 The superoxide (O2-)-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytic cells is composed of a membrane-bound flavocytochrome (cytochrome b-559) and three cytosolic components, p47-phox, p67-phox, and the small GTPase rac-1 (or 2). Superoxides 4-14 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 165-173 9131041-1 1997 The superoxide (O2-)-generating NADPH oxidase of phagocytic cells is composed of a membrane-bound flavocytochrome (cytochrome b-559) and three cytosolic components, p47-phox, p67-phox, and the small GTPase rac-1 (or 2). Superoxides 4-14 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 206-217 9079661-6 1997 Reduced XDH reacts with oxygen in at least 4 bi-molecular steps, with 1.7-1.9 mol of superoxide per mol of XDH formed from the last 2 electrons oxidized. Superoxides 85-95 xanthine dehydrogenase Bos taurus 8-11 9079661-6 1997 Reduced XDH reacts with oxygen in at least 4 bi-molecular steps, with 1.7-1.9 mol of superoxide per mol of XDH formed from the last 2 electrons oxidized. Superoxides 85-95 xanthine dehydrogenase Bos taurus 107-110 9054508-3 1997 Thus, LSD1 monitors a superoxide-dependent signal and negatively regulates a plant cell death pathway. Superoxides 22-32 LSD1 zinc finger family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 6-10 9067545-6 1997 Overexpression of MnSOD led to a significant decrease in c-jun and c-fos expression in response to treatment with TPA or the oxidant promoter superoxide. Superoxides 142-152 Jun proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 57-62 9067545-6 1997 Overexpression of MnSOD led to a significant decrease in c-jun and c-fos expression in response to treatment with TPA or the oxidant promoter superoxide. Superoxides 142-152 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 67-72 9073553-4 1997 When peripheral blood monocytes/ macrophages (designated macrophages) of 33 systemic lupus erythematosus patients were incubated with GcMAF (100 pg/ml), the macrophages of all patients were activated as determined by superoxide generation. Superoxides 217-227 GC vitamin D binding protein Homo sapiens 134-139 9032440-1 1997 Flavocytochrome b558 of the NADPH oxidase which generates superoxide in phagocytic cells, is a alpha1 beta1 heterodimer of gp91phox and p22phox, which together form a membrane-spanning electron-transport chain that transfers electrons from NADPH in the cytosol to oxygen. Superoxides 58-68 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 123-131 9051308-0 1997 Effect of YC-1, an NO-independent, superoxide-sensitive stimulator of soluble guanylyl cyclase, on smooth muscle responsiveness to nitrovasodilators. Superoxides 35-45 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 10-14 9051308-18 1997 Basal and YC-1-stimulated sGC activity was sensitive to inhibition by superoxide (O-2) generated by xanthine/xanthine oxidase, and was protected from this inhibition by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 70-80 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 10-14 9051308-18 1997 Basal and YC-1-stimulated sGC activity was sensitive to inhibition by superoxide (O-2) generated by xanthine/xanthine oxidase, and was protected from this inhibition by superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 82-85 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 10-14 9051308-20 1997 Relaxation to YC-1 was significantly attenuated in aortae from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), which generated O-2 at a higher rate than aortae from normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats (WKY). Superoxides 118-121 glutathione S-transferase alpha 1 Rattus norvegicus 14-18 9071927-8 1997 Isolated cells obtained from the oesophageal mucosa after acidified pepsin exposure generated increased amounts of superoxide anions, which were mainly produced by CD11b positive cells. Superoxides 115-132 integrin subunit alpha M Homo sapiens 164-169 9179619-0 1997 Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) inhibits human neutrophil superoxide anion production in vitro. Superoxides 61-77 chromosome 20 open reading frame 181 Homo sapiens 0-28 9179619-0 1997 Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) inhibits human neutrophil superoxide anion production in vitro. Superoxides 61-77 chromosome 20 open reading frame 181 Homo sapiens 30-33 9179619-1 1997 Because neutrophils contribute to reperfusion injury associated with acute myocardial infarction (MI), and because tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is often used in the management of MI, we evaluated the effect of tPA on superoxide (O2.-) production by human neutrophils in vitro. Superoxides 223-233 chromosome 20 open reading frame 181 Homo sapiens 216-219 9179619-2 1997 We found that adding increasing amounts of tPA significantly (r = 0.89, P < 0.025) and progressively reduced O2.- generation by neutrophils treated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) in vitro. Superoxides 112-114 chromosome 20 open reading frame 181 Homo sapiens 43-46 9006364-1 1997 A modified immunoglobulin peroxidase bridge sequence method was used to detect the localization of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), a superoxide radical (O2-) scavenging enzyme locating in mitochondrial matrix, in the vestibular labyrinth of pigmented rats. Superoxides 141-159 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 99-129 9006364-1 1997 A modified immunoglobulin peroxidase bridge sequence method was used to detect the localization of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), a superoxide radical (O2-) scavenging enzyme locating in mitochondrial matrix, in the vestibular labyrinth of pigmented rats. Superoxides 141-159 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 131-136 9006364-1 1997 A modified immunoglobulin peroxidase bridge sequence method was used to detect the localization of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), a superoxide radical (O2-) scavenging enzyme locating in mitochondrial matrix, in the vestibular labyrinth of pigmented rats. Superoxides 161-164 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 99-129 9006364-1 1997 A modified immunoglobulin peroxidase bridge sequence method was used to detect the localization of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), a superoxide radical (O2-) scavenging enzyme locating in mitochondrial matrix, in the vestibular labyrinth of pigmented rats. Superoxides 161-164 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 131-136 9006364-3 1997 The result provides for the first time direct evidence demonstrating the existence of mitochondrial O2- scavengers in the vestibular labyrinth and illustrates that the specific sites for vestibular MnSOD immunolocalization are the dark cell regions. Superoxides 100-102 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 198-203 9006364-6 1997 Cell types showing negative MnSOD immunostaining may conceivably be relatively vulnerable to acute O2- damage. Superoxides 99-101 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 28-33 8996511-15 1997 CONCLUSIONS: These data show that ET-1, in concentrations similar to that present in cerebrospinal fluid after FPI, increases O2- production. Superoxides 126-128 endothelin-1 Sus scrofa 34-38 8996511-17 1997 These data suggest that ET-1 contributes to altered cerebral hemodynamics after FPI, at least in part, through elevated O2- production. Superoxides 120-122 endothelin-1 Sus scrofa 24-28 8954615-7 1996 LPS and IFN-gamma treatment also decreased PAF-induced, calcium-dependent O2- production. Superoxides 74-76 patchy fur Mus musculus 43-46 8954615-8 1996 When added together, IFN-gamma increased the suppression of PAF-induced intracellular calcium mobilization and inhibited O2- production mediated by LPS. Superoxides 121-123 patchy fur Mus musculus 60-63 8982388-1 1996 The superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase consists of membrane-associated cytochrome b558 and cytosolic components, p47-phox and p67-phox. Superoxides 4-14 cytochrome b Cavia porcellus 71-83 8961931-1 1996 NADPH-dependent superoxide generation can be reconstituted in a cell-free system using recombinant cytosolic factors (p47-phox, p67-phox, and Rac) plus flavocytochrome b558. Superoxides 16-26 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 118-126 8961931-1 1996 NADPH-dependent superoxide generation can be reconstituted in a cell-free system using recombinant cytosolic factors (p47-phox, p67-phox, and Rac) plus flavocytochrome b558. Superoxides 16-26 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 142-145 8961931-4 1996 In contrast, low concentrations of isoprenylated Rac1 and Rac2 both supported high rates of superoxide generation. Superoxides 92-102 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 49-53 8961931-6 1996 Mutation of single positively charged residues in the C terminus of nonisoprenylated Rac1 markedly reduced its ability to support superoxide generation, affecting both its EC50 and the Vmax. Superoxides 130-140 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 85-89 8810307-1 1996 The capacity of neutrophils to generate superoxide (O-2) can be enhanced by prior exposure to "priming" agents such as interleukin-8 (IL-8), melanoma growth-stimulatory activity (MGSA), and neutrophil-activating peptide (ENA-78). Superoxides 40-50 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 Homo sapiens 179-183 8810307-1 1996 The capacity of neutrophils to generate superoxide (O-2) can be enhanced by prior exposure to "priming" agents such as interleukin-8 (IL-8), melanoma growth-stimulatory activity (MGSA), and neutrophil-activating peptide (ENA-78). Superoxides 40-50 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5 Homo sapiens 221-227 8810307-1 1996 The capacity of neutrophils to generate superoxide (O-2) can be enhanced by prior exposure to "priming" agents such as interleukin-8 (IL-8), melanoma growth-stimulatory activity (MGSA), and neutrophil-activating peptide (ENA-78). Superoxides 52-55 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 Homo sapiens 179-183 8810307-1 1996 The capacity of neutrophils to generate superoxide (O-2) can be enhanced by prior exposure to "priming" agents such as interleukin-8 (IL-8), melanoma growth-stimulatory activity (MGSA), and neutrophil-activating peptide (ENA-78). Superoxides 52-55 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 5 Homo sapiens 221-227 8794795-3 1996 The superoxide production was measured spectrophotometrically in activated PMNs initially incubated in the presence of IL-4 or IL-10. Superoxides 4-14 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 127-132 8794795-8 1996 Finally, the superoxide production was inhibited and delayed by the addition of IL-10 (P < 0.01), whereas IL-4 only delayed this parameter. Superoxides 13-23 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 80-85 8794795-9 1996 In conclusion, apart from the well-known suppressive effect on proinflammatory cytokine production, IL-4 delays and IL-10 inhibits superoxide generation. Superoxides 131-141 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 116-121 8751892-2 1996 To inhibit superoxide-dependent processes, superoxide dismutase was cross-linked to immunoglobulin G and the conjugate was attached to the surface of S. aureus via protein A in its cell wall. Superoxides 11-21 AT695_RS09750 Staphylococcus aureus 43-63 8886852-5 1996 The effects of taurine on O2- production was attributed to the in vitro formation of Tau-Cl catalyzed by PMN associated halide-dependent myeloperoxidase. Superoxides 26-28 myeloperoxidase Mus musculus 137-152 8810235-3 1996 Copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn-SOD), a scavenger of superoxide radicals, whose function is complementary to manganese-SOD (Mn-SOD), is inactivated during glycation. Superoxides 13-23 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 119-132 8810235-3 1996 Copper, zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu, Zn-SOD), a scavenger of superoxide radicals, whose function is complementary to manganese-SOD (Mn-SOD), is inactivated during glycation. Superoxides 13-23 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 134-140 8836527-5 1996 The main range of reduction potentials corresponding to a large superoxide anion production suggests that the redox cycling of these chemicals was mediated by NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase. Superoxides 64-80 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Rattus norvegicus 159-191 8679714-2 1996 Activation of the superoxide-generating NADPH-oxidase in phagocytic cells requires the assembly of a membrane-bound flavocytochrome b and cytosolic factors p47phox and p67phox under the control of the GTP-binding protein, Rac. Superoxides 18-28 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 156-163 8635290-0 1996 Role of cytokines, tyrosine kinase, and protein kinase C on production of superoxide and induction of scavenging enzymes in human leukocytes. Superoxides 74-84 TXK tyrosine kinase Homo sapiens 19-34 8675190-3 1996 Rats pretreated with a specific PAF receptor antagonist exhibited suppression of the increase in plasma TNF-alpha and CINC levels, as well as the priming of peripheral neutrophils for superoxide production after reperfusion when compared with animals pretreated with physiological saline. Superoxides 184-194 PCNA clamp associated factor Rattus norvegicus 32-35 8632171-4 1996 Nevertheless, concomitant with an increase in the number of responsive cells, a profound priming of the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-evoked production of superoxide anion was observed in A beta (1-40)-treated cultures. Superoxides 157-173 amyloid beta precursor protein Rattus norvegicus 190-196 8667228-3 1996 Inhibition is selective and reversible and is correlated with functional antagonism of PAF-mediated cellular responses (calcium mobilization, priming of superoxide generation, aggregation and degranulation). Superoxides 153-163 PCNA clamp associated factor Rattus norvegicus 87-90 8857670-4 1996 Xanthine oxidase (XO) was used to generate O2.1 and cytotoxicity assessed by measuring cell survival. Superoxides 43-45 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 0-16 8857670-7 1996 [Nle4, DPhe7]MSH increased tyrosinase activity and melanin content, reduced O2.- concentration and increased the resistance of F10 cells to the cytotoxic effects of O2.-. Superoxides 76-78 msh homeobox 1 Mus musculus 13-16 8857670-7 1996 [Nle4, DPhe7]MSH increased tyrosinase activity and melanin content, reduced O2.- concentration and increased the resistance of F10 cells to the cytotoxic effects of O2.-. Superoxides 165-167 msh homeobox 1 Mus musculus 13-16 8857672-6 1996 It has recently been suggested that superoxide anion is a preferential oxygen substrate for human tyrosinase. Superoxides 36-52 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 98-108 8600980-14 1996 These results indicate that P-450, and to a lesser extent, cytochrome b5, play a role in the ferritin-dependent increase in formation of reactive oxygen species with either NADPH or NADH, most likely reflecting the requirement of these enzymes for microsomal production of superoxide anion. Superoxides 273-289 cytochrome b5 type A Rattus norvegicus 59-72 8653839-8 1996 Myocytes treated with Mn-SOD during short, intermittent anoxia exhibited decreased activity of Mn-SOD and increased O2- production 24 hours later. Superoxides 116-118 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 22-28 8834862-2 1996 We undertook this study to determine whether phospholipase A2-dependent release of arachidonic acid is involved in PCB-induced O2- production. Superoxides 127-129 pyruvate carboxylase Rattus norvegicus 115-118 8737784-3 1996 In order to locate the mitochondrial O2- scavenging enzyme, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), the authors used a modified immunoglobulin peroxidase bridge sequence method to detect MnSOD in paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed rat cochleas. Superoxides 37-39 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 60-90 8737784-3 1996 In order to locate the mitochondrial O2- scavenging enzyme, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), the authors used a modified immunoglobulin peroxidase bridge sequence method to detect MnSOD in paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed rat cochleas. Superoxides 37-39 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 92-97 8737784-3 1996 In order to locate the mitochondrial O2- scavenging enzyme, manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), the authors used a modified immunoglobulin peroxidase bridge sequence method to detect MnSOD in paraffin-embedded, formalin-fixed rat cochleas. Superoxides 37-39 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 187-192 8737784-4 1996 Site-specific immunolocalization of MnSOD could be demonstrated in the cochlear labyrinth, suggesting that the generation of intracochlear O2- was possibly implicated in the metabolically active sites and sites rich in vascularity. Superoxides 139-142 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 36-41 8907171-8 1996 These results indicate that the decreased levels of cytochrome b558, especially that of the large subunit, is responsible for the low level of superoxide-generating ability of DCs and that the suppression is caused by IL-4. Superoxides 143-153 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 52-64 8833990-5 1996 Moreover, bombesin stimulated superoxide anion production and interleukin-8 release by peripheral monocytes. Superoxides 30-46 gastrin releasing peptide Homo sapiens 10-18 7492274-11 1995 Treatment with GM-CSF was associated with increased production from splenic macrophages of interleukin-6, superoxide anion, and nitric oxide as well as decreased interleukin-4 production from splenocytes. Superoxides 106-122 colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage) Mus musculus 15-21 7492274-13 1995 The antimicrobial properties of GM-CSF may function through enhanced production of nitric oxide and superoxide anion. Superoxides 100-116 colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage) Mus musculus 32-38 8566012-3 1995 In mice bearing transgenic alpha/beta T cell receptor (TCR) specific for a class I-restricted male-specific peptide, the superoxide-mediated oxidation of HE into ethidium (Eth) is enhanced among thymocytes which are being deleted due to negative selection (CD4+ CD8+ cells expressing the transgenic TCR in male mice) or lack of positive selection (CD4+ CD8- thymocytes from female mice). Superoxides 121-131 CD4 antigen Mus musculus 257-260 8566012-3 1995 In mice bearing transgenic alpha/beta T cell receptor (TCR) specific for a class I-restricted male-specific peptide, the superoxide-mediated oxidation of HE into ethidium (Eth) is enhanced among thymocytes which are being deleted due to negative selection (CD4+ CD8+ cells expressing the transgenic TCR in male mice) or lack of positive selection (CD4+ CD8- thymocytes from female mice). Superoxides 121-131 CD4 antigen Mus musculus 348-351 8675753-5 1995 Parathyroid hormone treatment significantly enhanced (threefold) release of superoxide anion by monocytes stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and increased migration of monocytes to bone particles in vitro. Superoxides 76-92 parathyroid hormone Bos taurus 0-19 7561019-0 1995 Structure of human phagocyte cytochrome b and its relationship to microbicidal superoxide production. Superoxides 79-89 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 29-41 7654216-1 1995 Detergent-mediated activation of the phagocyte superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase requires the participation of at least four proteins: the membrane-bound heterodimeric cytochrome b558 and three cytosolic components, p47-phox, p67-phox and a Rac1/Rac2 protein. Superoxides 47-57 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 170-182 7654216-1 1995 Detergent-mediated activation of the phagocyte superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase requires the participation of at least four proteins: the membrane-bound heterodimeric cytochrome b558 and three cytosolic components, p47-phox, p67-phox and a Rac1/Rac2 protein. Superoxides 47-57 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 218-226 7654216-1 1995 Detergent-mediated activation of the phagocyte superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase requires the participation of at least four proteins: the membrane-bound heterodimeric cytochrome b558 and three cytosolic components, p47-phox, p67-phox and a Rac1/Rac2 protein. Superoxides 47-57 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 243-247 8519601-1 1995 Previously employed non-selective protein kinase inhibitors yielded inconclusive results regarding involvement of protein kinase C (PKC) in phosphorylation of 47 kDa protein (p47 phox) in intact neutrophils stimulated with physiologic agonists of superoxide generation. Superoxides 247-257 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 175-183 8569737-6 1995 And finally, the data is presented that acetylcholine-induced elevations of intracellular levels of cyclic GMP can be attenuated by muscarinic antagonist, atropine and superoxide anion scavenger, nitroblue tetrazolium. Superoxides 168-184 5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II Homo sapiens 107-110 7480175-6 1995 The IC50 of abruquinones A, B, D, and F for the inhibition of superoxide formation were less than 0.3 micrograms/ml, for the inhibition of the release of both beta-glucuronidase and lysozyme from rat neutrophils and the release of both beta-glucuronidase and histamine from mast cells were less than 1 microgram/ml. Superoxides 62-72 glucuronidase, beta Rattus norvegicus 159-177 7480175-6 1995 The IC50 of abruquinones A, B, D, and F for the inhibition of superoxide formation were less than 0.3 micrograms/ml, for the inhibition of the release of both beta-glucuronidase and lysozyme from rat neutrophils and the release of both beta-glucuronidase and histamine from mast cells were less than 1 microgram/ml. Superoxides 62-72 glucuronidase, beta Rattus norvegicus 236-254 7616102-1 1995 Cytosolic components of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase (p47phox, p67phox, and Rac2) translocate to the plasma membrane on cell activation where they interact with a membrane-bound cytochrome b to generate superoxide anion. Superoxides 202-218 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 53-60 7616102-1 1995 Cytosolic components of the phagocyte NADPH oxidase (p47phox, p67phox, and Rac2) translocate to the plasma membrane on cell activation where they interact with a membrane-bound cytochrome b to generate superoxide anion. Superoxides 202-218 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 177-189 7616434-3 1995 Antibodies to rat ICAM-1 substantially ameliorated the inflammatory response as indicated by a reduction in gross inflammatory characteristics, tissue/body weight ratio, myeloperoxidase activity and superoxide levels. Superoxides 199-209 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Rattus norvegicus 18-24 7791334-4 1995 Normal rat PMNs, labeled with 51Cr, were incubated with PAF (10 ng/ml) to induce priming for superoxide (O2-) generation and enhance CD11b expression. Superoxides 93-103 PCNA clamp associated factor Rattus norvegicus 56-59 7791334-4 1995 Normal rat PMNs, labeled with 51Cr, were incubated with PAF (10 ng/ml) to induce priming for superoxide (O2-) generation and enhance CD11b expression. Superoxides 105-107 PCNA clamp associated factor Rattus norvegicus 56-59 7791334-10 1995 These data suggest that PAF priming for O2- generation and increased CD11b expression are insufficient alone to promote PMN sequestration in the lung. Superoxides 40-42 PCNA clamp associated factor Rattus norvegicus 24-27 7744754-11 1995 Interestingly, mutants of p47phox unable to bind to p67phox were fully capable of supporting superoxide production under cell-free activation conditions. Superoxides 93-103 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 26-33 7748884-0 1995 Spatial and electrogenic properties of superoxide-producing cytochrome b-559 incorporated into liposomes. Superoxides 39-49 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 60-72 7748884-1 1995 Purified cytochrome b-559 reconstituted into liposomes, consisting of certain azolectin-based phospholipid mixtures, is capable of NADPH-supported FAD-dependent superoxide (O2-) production in the absence of cytosolic activators. Superoxides 161-171 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 9-21 7738010-3 1995 Rac1 also activates superoxide production by the components (cytochrome b, p40phox, p67phox, and p47phox) of the neutrophil oxidase. Superoxides 20-30 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 7738010-3 1995 Rac1 also activates superoxide production by the components (cytochrome b, p40phox, p67phox, and p47phox) of the neutrophil oxidase. Superoxides 20-30 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 61-73 7738010-3 1995 Rac1 also activates superoxide production by the components (cytochrome b, p40phox, p67phox, and p47phox) of the neutrophil oxidase. Superoxides 20-30 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 97-104 7738357-0 1995 Interleukin-8 and GRO alpha prime human neutrophils for superoxide anion production and induce up-regulation of N-formyl peptide receptors. Superoxides 56-72 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 Homo sapiens 18-27 7738357-6 1995 This study indicates that IL-8 and GRO alpha, in addition to their known chemotactic activity, prime neutrophils for superoxide anion production, presumably by up-regulating the number of receptors for strong superoxide-anion-triggering stimuli. Superoxides 117-133 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 Homo sapiens 35-44 7738357-6 1995 This study indicates that IL-8 and GRO alpha, in addition to their known chemotactic activity, prime neutrophils for superoxide anion production, presumably by up-regulating the number of receptors for strong superoxide-anion-triggering stimuli. Superoxides 209-225 C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 1 Homo sapiens 35-44 7713877-1 1995 Phagocytic cytochrome b558 is a unique heme-containing enzyme, which catalyzes one electron reduction of molecular oxygen to produce a superoxide anion with a six-coordinated heme iron. Superoxides 135-151 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 11-23 7713877-2 1995 To clarify the mechanism of the superoxide production, we have analyzed oxidation-reduction kinetics of cytochrome b558 purified from porcine neutrophils by stopped-flow and rapid-scanning spectroscopy. Superoxides 32-42 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 104-116 7733341-2 1995 Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is then inducible and catalyzes superoxide detoxification within mitochondria. Superoxides 10-20 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 32-37 7889565-6 1995 These results connect Bcr in vivo with the regulation of Rac-mediated superoxide production by the NADPH-oxidase system of leukocytes and suggest a link between Bcr function and the cell type affected in Ph-positive leukemia. Superoxides 70-80 Rac family small GTPase 2 Mus musculus 57-60 7532664-4 1995 Cross-linking of Mac-1 molecules with mAb also induced significant changes in [Ca2+]i levels and O2- generation by neutrophils, which was also dependent on the epitope binding by mAb. Superoxides 97-99 integrin subunit alpha M Homo sapiens 17-22 7532664-7 1995 The data indicate that cross-linking of L-selectin and Mac-1 initiates changes in [Ca2+]i and O2- production in neutrophils and suggest that these distinct adhesion molecules independently may play important regulatory roles in modulating neutrophil-endothelial cell interactions, transmigration, and neutrophil function at sites of tissue injury. Superoxides 94-96 integrin subunit alpha M Homo sapiens 55-60 7852842-4 1995 Superoxide production and Fc receptor-mediated phagocytosis also were reduced in bafilomycin-treated m phi. Superoxides 0-10 glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Oryctolagus cuniculus 103-106 7720785-6 1995 Moreover, in vitro addition of manganese-superoxide dismutase, a superoxide anion scavenger, or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a hydroxyl radical scavenger, also showed potent inhibition. Superoxides 65-81 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 31-61 7888254-4 1995 Tissue plasminogen activator was more potent than heparin in inhibiting superoxide production induced by opsonised zymosan or FMLP, but it did not affect the activity stimulated by PMA. Superoxides 72-82 chromosome 20 open reading frame 181 Homo sapiens 0-28 7888254-6 1995 When heparin was used in combination with tissue plasminogen activator, streptokinase, or urokinase at their therapeutic concentrations there was a significant inhibition of superoxide generation (70%, 30%, and 25%, respectively). Superoxides 174-184 chromosome 20 open reading frame 181 Homo sapiens 42-70 7888254-7 1995 The therapeutic concentrations of tissue plasminogen activator alone caused a reduction of 40% of neutrophil superoxide production. Superoxides 109-119 chromosome 20 open reading frame 181 Homo sapiens 34-62 7811256-5 1994 The spin adducts of superoxide and hydroxyl radical (DMPO-OOH and DMPO-OH, respectively) were generated in the reaction of NCS with the NADPH/cyt P-450 reductase system. Superoxides 20-30 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 136-141 7982999-2 1994 When the neutrophil NADPH oxidase is activated to generate superoxide, the cytosolic components, p47phox, p67phox, and the GTP-binding protein Rac, become stably associated with the plasma membrane. Superoxides 59-69 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 97-104 7980562-0 1994 Peptides corresponding to the region adjacent to His-94 in the small subunit of cytochrome b558 inhibit superoxide generation in a cell-free system from human neutrophils. Superoxides 104-114 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 80-92 7980562-1 1994 Synthetic peptides corresponding to the region adjacent to His-94 in the small subunit of cytochrome b558 inhibited superoxide generation in a cell-free system. Superoxides 116-126 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 90-102 7958970-1 1994 In previous studies, we showed that interleukin-4 (IL-4) suppressed porcine (p) macrophage superoxide production and that the mechanism of suppression involved down-regulation of the superoxide-generating enzyme NADPH oxidase heavy-chain 91-kDa subunit mRNA (gp91-phox) expression. Superoxides 183-193 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 259-268 7948035-3 1994 The increase in the amounts of cytochrome b-558 paralleled the superoxide anion generating activity. Superoxides 63-79 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 31-43 7929839-11 1994 Finally, generation of superoxide anion by xanthine oxidase activated NF-kB, an effect also mitigated by PDTC. Superoxides 23-39 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 43-59 7521876-5 1994 Granulocyte-like differentiated HL-60 (gHL-60) cells released an increased amount of O2- in response to activated platelets in a P-selectin-dependent manner. Superoxides 85-87 growth hormone 2 Homo sapiens 39-42 7521876-8 1994 O-Sialoglycoprotease treatment of gHL-60 cells decreased the activated platelet-induced O2- production with concomitant reduction of cell surface sLex expression. Superoxides 88-90 growth hormone 2 Homo sapiens 34-37 7918597-0 1994 Superoxide generation by lipoxygenase in the presence of NADH and NADPH. Superoxides 0-10 linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4 Glycine max 25-37 7918597-1 1994 The ability of soybean lipoxygenase to mediate NAD(P)H oxidation and concomitant superoxide generation in the presence of linoleic acid was examined. Superoxides 81-91 linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4 Glycine max 23-35 7918597-11 1994 These results strongly suggest that lipoxygenase not only generates lipid hydroperoxides but can also generate superoxide via oxidation of pyridine nucleotides and may, therefore, significantly contribute to oxidative stress in cells. Superoxides 111-121 linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4 Glycine max 36-48 7981788-0 1994 Superoxide scavenging activity of spin-labeled nitrosourea and triazene derivatives. Superoxides 0-10 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 34-38 7981788-1 1994 Superoxide scavenging activities (SSA) of newly synthesized spin-labeled nitrosourea and triazene derivatives, and their precursor nitroxides were investigated by the ESR/spin-trapping method using the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide (DMPO) and hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase as the superoxide-generating system. Superoxides 0-10 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 60-64 7982627-0 1994 Determination of the rate of superoxide generation from biological systems by spin trapping: use of rapid oxygen depletion to measure the decay rate of spin adducts. Superoxides 29-39 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 78-82 7982627-0 1994 Determination of the rate of superoxide generation from biological systems by spin trapping: use of rapid oxygen depletion to measure the decay rate of spin adducts. Superoxides 29-39 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 152-156 7982627-1 1994 A method was developed to measure the superoxide generation rate from biological systems using the spin trapping method. Superoxides 38-48 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 99-103 7969813-3 1994 The present study tested the effects of a synthetic, catalytic superoxide radical scavenger (EUK-8) on CA1 pyramidal cell responses elicited by electrical stimulation of the Schaffer-commissural pathway after severe anoxic episodes. Superoxides 63-81 carbonic anhydrase 1 Homo sapiens 103-106 7975732-8 1994 Scutellarein and nepetin were found to be inhibitors of xanthine oxidase activity, whereas morelloflavone acted as a scavenger of superoxide generated by hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase. Superoxides 130-140 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 167-183 8202490-3 1994 Here we show that the region of the tandem SH3 domains of p47phox (p47-SH3) expressed as a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein inhibits the superoxide production in a cell-free system, indicating involvement of the domains in the activation. Superoxides 145-155 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 58-65 7952923-5 1994 Xanthine oxidase (XO), which generates the superoxide anion (O2-), also increased the melanin content of B16 melanoma cells with effects at 3 h and 48 h. As with UVR, the delayed response was accompanied by an increase in tyrosinase activity but no such association was evident at 3 h. In addition, the short-term effect, like that seen with UVR, was reduced with SOD and to a lesser extent with catalase. Superoxides 43-59 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 0-16 7952923-5 1994 Xanthine oxidase (XO), which generates the superoxide anion (O2-), also increased the melanin content of B16 melanoma cells with effects at 3 h and 48 h. As with UVR, the delayed response was accompanied by an increase in tyrosinase activity but no such association was evident at 3 h. In addition, the short-term effect, like that seen with UVR, was reduced with SOD and to a lesser extent with catalase. Superoxides 43-59 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 18-20 7952923-5 1994 Xanthine oxidase (XO), which generates the superoxide anion (O2-), also increased the melanin content of B16 melanoma cells with effects at 3 h and 48 h. As with UVR, the delayed response was accompanied by an increase in tyrosinase activity but no such association was evident at 3 h. In addition, the short-term effect, like that seen with UVR, was reduced with SOD and to a lesser extent with catalase. Superoxides 61-63 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 0-16 7952923-5 1994 Xanthine oxidase (XO), which generates the superoxide anion (O2-), also increased the melanin content of B16 melanoma cells with effects at 3 h and 48 h. As with UVR, the delayed response was accompanied by an increase in tyrosinase activity but no such association was evident at 3 h. In addition, the short-term effect, like that seen with UVR, was reduced with SOD and to a lesser extent with catalase. Superoxides 61-63 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 18-20 8200975-11 1994 Thus, superoxide-mediated, iron-catalyzed formation of hydroxyl radicals can rapidly and irreversibly inactivate PAF acetylhydrolase. Superoxides 6-16 phospholipase A2 group VII Homo sapiens 113-132 7514638-10 1994 Superoxide production induced by human rGM-CSF and PAF was also abolished by the treatment of cells with anti-CD18 mAb. Superoxides 0-10 PCNA clamp associated factor Rattus norvegicus 39-54 7514638-12 1994 These results indicate that CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1)-dependent cellular adhesion plays an important role in the degranulation and superoxide production of eosinophils induced by human rGM-CSF and PAF, and that these mechanisms may be employed in vivo where eosinophils contact with stromal cells and/or proteins. Superoxides 124-134 integrin subunit alpha M Homo sapiens 28-33 7514638-12 1994 These results indicate that CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1)-dependent cellular adhesion plays an important role in the degranulation and superoxide production of eosinophils induced by human rGM-CSF and PAF, and that these mechanisms may be employed in vivo where eosinophils contact with stromal cells and/or proteins. Superoxides 124-134 integrin subunit alpha M Homo sapiens 40-45 7514638-12 1994 These results indicate that CD11b/CD18 (Mac-1)-dependent cellular adhesion plays an important role in the degranulation and superoxide production of eosinophils induced by human rGM-CSF and PAF, and that these mechanisms may be employed in vivo where eosinophils contact with stromal cells and/or proteins. Superoxides 124-134 colony stimulating factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 178-185 7948767-0 1994 Platelet-activating factor antagonists suppress the generation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and superoxide induced by lipopolysaccharide or phorbol ester in rat liver macrophages. Superoxides 98-108 PCNA clamp associated factor Rattus norvegicus 0-26 7948767-1 1994 Platelet-activating factor (PAF) has been shown to play an important role in the generation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and superoxide in guinea pig peritoneal macrophages. Superoxides 139-149 PCNA clamp associated factor Rattus norvegicus 0-26 7948767-1 1994 Platelet-activating factor (PAF) has been shown to play an important role in the generation of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and superoxide in guinea pig peritoneal macrophages. Superoxides 139-149 PCNA clamp associated factor Rattus norvegicus 28-31 8179594-6 1994 These studies support the idea that superoxide anion radical plays a role in the expression of c-fos mRNA. Superoxides 36-60 Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit Homo sapiens 95-100 8161194-9 1994 Similar spin-trapping results were obtained in studies of the autooxidation of 3-morpholinosydnonimine, a sydnonimine which generates a flux of both superoxide and nitric oxide. Superoxides 149-159 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 8-12 8070900-2 1994 The objective of this study was to determine nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion release (O-2) by neutrophils (PMNs) in the septic multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and to compare them with the response of normal cells to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and cytokines. Superoxides 67-83 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 93-96 8032542-7 1994 Treatment with IL-2 also caused induction of the superoxide-generating enzyme xanthine oxidase (XO) in tissues and serum and induced bacterial translocation in the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN). Superoxides 49-59 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 78-94 7823534-7 1994 The present findings provide evidence that superoxide generated from HUVEC is responsible for the up-regulation of ICAM-1 expression under H/R, and the cause of endothelial cellular injury. Superoxides 43-53 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 115-121 8147881-1 1994 The cytosolic 47-kDa protein designated as p47-phox (phagocyte oxidase) is one of the essential components of the superoxide-generating system in phagocytes, and its defect is known to cause chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). Superoxides 114-124 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 43-51 8133151-2 1994 LPS treatment (600 micrograms/mouse, IP) was associated with a marked induction of the superoxide-generating enzyme xanthine oxidase (XO) in serum and lung. Superoxides 87-97 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 116-132 8307196-0 1994 Superoxide production by cytochrome b559. Superoxides 0-10 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 25-37 8307196-2 1994 Purified cytochrome b559 relipidated with either a mixture of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidic acid or with phosphatidylcholine only exhibits high and low superoxide (O2-) producing ability, respectively, in the absence of cytosolic activators [Koshkin, V. and Pick, E. (1993) FEBS Lett. Superoxides 159-169 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 9-21 8307196-2 1994 Purified cytochrome b559 relipidated with either a mixture of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidic acid or with phosphatidylcholine only exhibits high and low superoxide (O2-) producing ability, respectively, in the absence of cytosolic activators [Koshkin, V. and Pick, E. (1993) FEBS Lett. Superoxides 171-173 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 9-21 8307196-6 1994 High affinity binding of FAD to cytochrome b559 relipidated with phosphatidylcholine combined with phosphatidic acid is associated with an enhanced NADPH-driven O2- producing capacity. Superoxides 161-163 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 32-44 8307196-6 1994 High affinity binding of FAD to cytochrome b559 relipidated with phosphatidylcholine combined with phosphatidic acid is associated with an enhanced NADPH-driven O2- producing capacity. Superoxides 161-163 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 148-153 8307196-7 1994 A kinetic study of O2- production by cytochrome b559 reflavinated under stoichiometric FAD binding conditions revealed an FAD/heme ratio of 1:2. Superoxides 19-21 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 37-49 8307196-8 1994 A further kinetic study of O2- production by high- and low-activity relipidated and reflavinated cytochrome b559, at varying substrate concentrations, and the determination of steady-state difference spectra of such preparations, reduced by NADPH, indicated that O2- production is activated by facilitation of electron transfer from NADPH to FAD rather than by an enhancement of NADPH binding. Superoxides 27-29 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 241-246 8307196-8 1994 A further kinetic study of O2- production by high- and low-activity relipidated and reflavinated cytochrome b559, at varying substrate concentrations, and the determination of steady-state difference spectra of such preparations, reduced by NADPH, indicated that O2- production is activated by facilitation of electron transfer from NADPH to FAD rather than by an enhancement of NADPH binding. Superoxides 263-265 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 241-246 7909296-7 1994 ICAM-1 levels on AMs in the patient group correlated strongly with the sodium fluoride triggered release of superoxide anion (O2-) but not with the spontaneous secretion of TNF-alpha by AMs. Superoxides 108-124 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 7909296-7 1994 ICAM-1 levels on AMs in the patient group correlated strongly with the sodium fluoride triggered release of superoxide anion (O2-) but not with the spontaneous secretion of TNF-alpha by AMs. Superoxides 126-128 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 0-6 8279538-6 1993 Increased Cu-Zn-SOD and decreased Mn-SOD in atrophy might reflect increased generation of superoxide anions in the cytoplasm rather than in the mitochondria. Superoxides 90-107 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 34-40 8298920-6 1993 GM-CSF upregulated macrophage antitumour mechanisms by enhancing the in vivo production of superoxide radicals (mean(s.e.m.) Superoxides 91-110 colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage) Mus musculus 0-6 8148304-4 1993 Superoxide-generating system in these cells consists of a total of 5 proteins, i.e. 91- and 22-kDa subunits of cytochrome b558 in membrane and 21-, 47- and 65-kDa proteins in cytoplasm. Superoxides 0-10 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 111-123 8226891-3 1993 In contrast, p47phox phosphorylation, translocation, and superoxide generation were inhibited by a peptide, p47phox(323-332) (AYRRNSVRFL), based on a putative serine phosphorylation domain. Superoxides 57-67 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 108-115 8137896-6 1993 Based upon the ability of these retinoids to inhibit the reduction of cytochrome c by superoxide radicals, we propose that retinoids can inhibit and stimulate lipid peroxidation depending upon their concentration by reacting with superoxide radicals. Superoxides 86-96 Cytochrome c proximal Drosophila melanogaster 70-82 8137896-6 1993 Based upon the ability of these retinoids to inhibit the reduction of cytochrome c by superoxide radicals, we propose that retinoids can inhibit and stimulate lipid peroxidation depending upon their concentration by reacting with superoxide radicals. Superoxides 230-240 Cytochrome c proximal Drosophila melanogaster 70-82 8305740-6 1993 The effect of p190 on superoxide (O2-) formation was reversed by the addition of a constitutively GTP-bound Rac2 mutant or Rac1-GTP gamma S but not by RhoA-GTP gamma S. Addition of p190 to an activated oxidase produced no inhibitory effect, suggesting either that p190 no longer has access to Rac in the assembled oxidase or that Rac-GTP is not required for activity once O2- generation has been initiated. Superoxides 22-32 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 123-127 8305740-6 1993 The effect of p190 on superoxide (O2-) formation was reversed by the addition of a constitutively GTP-bound Rac2 mutant or Rac1-GTP gamma S but not by RhoA-GTP gamma S. Addition of p190 to an activated oxidase produced no inhibitory effect, suggesting either that p190 no longer has access to Rac in the assembled oxidase or that Rac-GTP is not required for activity once O2- generation has been initiated. Superoxides 34-36 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 123-127 8302731-1 1993 Expression of cytochrome b558, an essential constituent of the superoxide generating system in phagocytes, was demonstrated in B-lymphocytes. Superoxides 63-73 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 14-26 8234321-2 1993 Superoxide formation was absent in targeted cells after differentiation to granulocytes but was rescued by stable transfection and expression of wild-type gp91phox cDNA. Superoxides 0-10 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 155-163 8395827-1 1993 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase system in phagocytes consists of membrane-associated cytochrome b558 and three cytosolic components named p67-phox, p47-phox, and rac p21s. Superoxides 4-14 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 93-105 8371013-6 1993 (1) The role of superoxide anion in ovulation and luteal function was investigated the localization of Cu, Zn-SOD and Mn-SOD in rat and human ovary by immunohistochemical methods. Superoxides 16-32 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 118-124 8342134-4 1993 We therefore undertook this study with the hypothesis that PAF-induced PMN superoxide production requires CD11B-mediated PMN-endothelial cell adherence. Superoxides 75-85 integrin subunit alpha M Homo sapiens 106-111 8392946-0 1993 Generation of superoxide by purified and relipidated cytochrome b559 in the absence of cytosolic activators. Superoxides 14-24 cytochrome b Cavia porcellus 53-65 8392946-2 1993 Relipidated cytochrome b559 was found capable of NADPH-dependent superoxide (O2-) production in the absence of the cytosolic components of the NADPH oxidase complex. Superoxides 65-75 cytochrome b Cavia porcellus 12-24 8392946-2 1993 Relipidated cytochrome b559 was found capable of NADPH-dependent superoxide (O2-) production in the absence of the cytosolic components of the NADPH oxidase complex. Superoxides 77-80 cytochrome b Cavia porcellus 12-24 8392946-3 1993 The rate of O2- generation by cytochrome b559 varied with the type of phospholipid utilized for relipidation, was absolutely dependent on exogenous FAD, and was enhanced by a critical concentration of anionic amphiphile. Superoxides 12-14 cytochrome b Cavia porcellus 30-42 8392845-0 1993 Spin trapping of superoxide released by opsonized asbestos from human promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL60. Superoxides 17-27 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 8392845-1 1993 By ESR using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide as a spin trap, superoxide (O2-) production was proved upon stimulation of dimethyl sulfoxide-differentiated HL60 by crocidolite opsonized with fresh or refrigerated serum, as well as by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Superoxides 62-72 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 51-55 8392845-1 1993 By ESR using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide as a spin trap, superoxide (O2-) production was proved upon stimulation of dimethyl sulfoxide-differentiated HL60 by crocidolite opsonized with fresh or refrigerated serum, as well as by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA). Superoxides 74-76 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 51-55 8323962-8 1993 Moreover, when superoxide dismutase, a converting enzyme from superoxide anion to H2O2, was added in this system, the formation of TRACP(+)MNCs was significantly increased. Superoxides 62-78 acid phosphatase 5, tartrate resistant Mus musculus 131-136 8387097-7 1993 CsA reduced FMLP-induced O2- formation by 20%, but CsB, CsC, CsD, and CsE did not. Superoxides 25-27 chorionic somatomammotropin hormone 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 8004151-0 1993 Enhanced generation of O2- by human neutrophils via a complement iC3b/Mac-1 interaction. Superoxides 23-25 integrin subunit alpha M Homo sapiens 70-75 8004151-1 1993 There is evidence for a tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha)-initiated and CD11b/CD18-dependent burst of superoxide anion (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide production by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes which are adherent to surfaces bearing a variety of proteins. Superoxides 108-124 integrin subunit alpha M Homo sapiens 78-83 8004151-1 1993 There is evidence for a tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha)-initiated and CD11b/CD18-dependent burst of superoxide anion (O2-) and hydrogen peroxide production by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes which are adherent to surfaces bearing a variety of proteins. Superoxides 126-128 integrin subunit alpha M Homo sapiens 78-83 8004151-5 1993 C3 and factor B were required for this response, since sera deficient in either component caused 56 and 68% reductions, respectively, in O2- production. Superoxides 137-139 complement C3 Homo sapiens 0-15 8004151-8 1993 Antibodies to CD18 (R15.7) or CD11b (CL44 and 60.1) reduced the incremental production of O2- by 76, 71 and 77%, respectively. Superoxides 90-92 integrin subunit alpha M Homo sapiens 30-35 7678734-0 1993 The cytochrome b-558 molecules involved in the fibroblast and polymorphonuclear leucocyte superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase systems are structurally and genetically distinct. Superoxides 90-100 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 4-16 8285025-7 1993 Exposure to phenazine methosulfate, to produce intracellular superoxide ions, resulted in moderate GSH depletion and methemoglobin production. Superoxides 61-71 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 117-130 8225036-10 1993 When spin trapping was conducted on PMNs in suspension, the EPR signal of superoxide adduct (DMPO-OOH) was undetectable after stimulation with fMLP. Superoxides 74-84 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 5-9 8225036-13 1993 Unlike fMLP, phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), which has been most commonly used in spin trapping studies, induced superoxide release which was not influenced by cell adhesion. Superoxides 114-124 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 83-87 7678602-12 1993 Transfected cell lines from a p47-phox-deficient patient generated normal levels of superoxide and had readily detectable cytosolic p47-phox. Superoxides 84-94 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 30-38 8384457-6 1993 Preincubation of SENCAR MPs with 100 microM dibromoacetophenone, an inhibitor of phospholipase A2, completely suppressed the superoxide induced by TPA and TG stimulation. Superoxides 125-135 phospholipase A2, group IB, pancreas Mus musculus 81-97 1281879-0 1992 Modulation of neutrophil superoxide generation by inhibitors of protein kinase C, calmodulin, diacylglycerol and myosin light chain kinases, and peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase. Superoxides 25-35 peptidylprolyl isomerase like 1 Homo sapiens 113-180 1403804-2 1992 The nitroaromatic drug nilutamide has been shown previously to undergo redox cycling in aerobic rat liver microsomes, being reduced by NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase to a nitro anion-free radical which reacts with oxygen, to regenerate the parent drug, and form a superoxide anion dismuted to hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 266-282 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Rattus norvegicus 135-167 1334711-0 1992 Epstein-Barr virus BCRF1 gene product (viral interleukin 10) inhibits superoxide anion production by human monocytes. Superoxides 70-86 interleukin 10 Homo sapiens 45-59 1619279-4 1992 Therefore, the large amount of Mn-SOD in parietal cells is due to the abundant mitochondria, in which Mn-SOD is considered to play important roles in protecting the ion pump and the cell itself from superoxide insult. Superoxides 199-209 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 31-37 1619279-4 1992 Therefore, the large amount of Mn-SOD in parietal cells is due to the abundant mitochondria, in which Mn-SOD is considered to play important roles in protecting the ion pump and the cell itself from superoxide insult. Superoxides 199-209 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 102-108 1316893-1 1992 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase system in phagocytes consists of at least membrane-associated cytochrome b558 and three cytosolic components named SOCI/NCF-3/sigma 1/C1, SOCII/NCF-1/p47-phox, and SO-CIII/NCF-2/p67-phox. Superoxides 4-14 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 102-114 1316893-1 1992 The superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase system in phagocytes consists of at least membrane-associated cytochrome b558 and three cytosolic components named SOCI/NCF-3/sigma 1/C1, SOCII/NCF-1/p47-phox, and SO-CIII/NCF-2/p67-phox. Superoxides 4-14 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 184-189 1316893-11 1992 These results indicate that the superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase system is regulated by both smg GDS and rho GDI through rac2 p21 or the rac2-related small G protein in phagocytes. Superoxides 32-42 Rap1 GTPase-GDP dissociation stimulator 1 Homo sapiens 96-103 1319381-7 1992 Translocation of cytochrome b-245, essential for generation of O2-, was not affected by omeprazole. Superoxides 63-66 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 17-29 1320745-8 1992 Therefore, it is possible to hypothesize that an electron leakage at the level of the auto-oxidizing chain components (i.e., cytochrome b and ubiquinone populations) increases the release of activated oxygen species (superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical). Superoxides 217-235 cytochrome b, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 125-137 1374234-6 1992 Because oxygen free radicals have been implicated as a major cause of reperfusion damage and the function of MnSOD is to detoxify superoxide anions in the mitochondria, a possible protective mechanism for TNF-alpha may be to induce expression of MnSOD in the heart and thus confer resistance to oxygen free radicals generated during reperfusion. Superoxides 130-147 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 109-114 1313715-2 1992 One third of CGD patients have an autosomal gene defect resulting in absence of p47phox protein, a cytoplasmic component critical to superoxide production by phagocytic cells. Superoxides 133-143 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 80-87 1313715-3 1992 cDNA encoding p47phox has been cloned and recombinant p47phox (rp47phox) restores superoxide-generating activity to a cell-free assay containing cell membranes and cytosol from p47phox-deficient CGD neutrophils. Superoxides 82-92 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 14-21 1313715-3 1992 cDNA encoding p47phox has been cloned and recombinant p47phox (rp47phox) restores superoxide-generating activity to a cell-free assay containing cell membranes and cytosol from p47phox-deficient CGD neutrophils. Superoxides 82-92 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 54-61 1313715-3 1992 cDNA encoding p47phox has been cloned and recombinant p47phox (rp47phox) restores superoxide-generating activity to a cell-free assay containing cell membranes and cytosol from p47phox-deficient CGD neutrophils. Superoxides 82-92 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 54-61 1312373-8 1992 The colocalization and cotranslocation of Rap1A with cytochrome b in resting and activated neutrophils is consistent with a functional association of these two molecules in the intact cell and provides further evidence for a role of this LMWG in the structure or function of the neutrophil superoxide-generating system. Superoxides 290-300 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 53-65 1311166-0 1992 Spin trapping study on the kinetics of Fe2+ autoxidation: formation of spin adducts and their destruction by superoxide. Superoxides 109-119 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 1311166-5 1992 Another was due to destruction of the spin adduct by superoxide anion (.O2-), because superoxide dismutase (SOD) markedly prevented the decay. Superoxides 53-69 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 38-42 1533235-1 1992 Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare inherited disorder in which neutrophils do not appropriately generate cytotoxic superoxide anion, the respiratory burst, in response to invading bacteria or fungi as a part of normal host defence. Superoxides 126-142 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 31-34 1627273-5 1992 The SOD mimetic activity of PS-K was demonstrated by quantitative analysis of hydrogen peroxide as the end product of O2-., its formation being assisted catalytically by SOD or PS-K. Superoxides 118-120 TAO kinase 2 Homo sapiens 28-32 1627273-5 1992 The SOD mimetic activity of PS-K was demonstrated by quantitative analysis of hydrogen peroxide as the end product of O2-., its formation being assisted catalytically by SOD or PS-K. Superoxides 118-120 TAO kinase 2 Homo sapiens 177-181 1309977-0 1992 Generation of superoxide during the enzymatic action of tyrosinase. Superoxides 14-24 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 56-66 1309977-1 1992 Evidence for the generation of superoxide anion in an enzymatic action of tyrosinase is reported. Superoxides 31-47 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 74-84 1309977-4 1992 ESR studies for the accumulation of semiquinone radicals generated from tyrosine and N-acetyltyrosine in the presence of tyrosinase imply that O2- is not generated by the semiquinone + O2 reaction. Superoxides 143-145 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 121-131 1309977-5 1992 Since the addition of H2O2 and dopa to tyrosinase promotes the release of O2- and formation of dopachrome, the Cu(II)O2-Cu(I) complex could be formed as a intermediate (an active form of tyrosinase); [Cu(II)]2 + H2O2 in equilibrium Cu(I)O2-Cu(II) + 2H+. Superoxides 24-26 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 39-49 1309977-5 1992 Since the addition of H2O2 and dopa to tyrosinase promotes the release of O2- and formation of dopachrome, the Cu(II)O2-Cu(I) complex could be formed as a intermediate (an active form of tyrosinase); [Cu(II)]2 + H2O2 in equilibrium Cu(I)O2-Cu(II) + 2H+. Superoxides 24-26 tyrosinase Homo sapiens 187-197 1531037-1 1992 We recently showed that mRNA levels coding the high-affinity Fc gamma receptor for IgG (Fc gamma R-I, CD64) and two of the components of the phagocytic superoxide anion-generating system--the heavy-chain subunit of cytochrome b558 (gp91-phox) and the 47-Kd cytosolic factor (p47-phox)--are modulated by interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). Superoxides 152-168 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 215-227 1531037-1 1992 We recently showed that mRNA levels coding the high-affinity Fc gamma receptor for IgG (Fc gamma R-I, CD64) and two of the components of the phagocytic superoxide anion-generating system--the heavy-chain subunit of cytochrome b558 (gp91-phox) and the 47-Kd cytosolic factor (p47-phox)--are modulated by interferon gamma (IFN-gamma). Superoxides 152-168 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 232-241 1309871-1 1992 7-[3-(4-acetyl-3-methoxy-2-propylphenoxy)-propoxy]-3,4-dihydro-8- propyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-carboxylic acid (SC-41930), a leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor antagonist with anti-inflammatory activity in animal models of colitis, was evaluated for effects on superoxide, LTB4 and prostaglandin E2 production. Superoxides 253-263 leukotriene B4 receptor Homo sapiens 121-151 1309871-1 1992 7-[3-(4-acetyl-3-methoxy-2-propylphenoxy)-propoxy]-3,4-dihydro-8- propyl-2H-1-benzopyran-2-carboxylic acid (SC-41930), a leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor antagonist with anti-inflammatory activity in animal models of colitis, was evaluated for effects on superoxide, LTB4 and prostaglandin E2 production. Superoxides 253-263 prostaglandin reductase 1 Cavia porcellus 137-141 1541852-1 1992 We studied the effect of Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Mn-SOD, which are specific scavenging enzymes of the superoxide anion radical, on ovulation and examined the localization of SOD in rat ovaries. Superoxides 115-139 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 62-68 1764075-1 1991 When a particulate NADPH oxidase prepared from phorbol ester-activated human neutrophils was treated with pyridoxal 5"-diphospho-5"-adenosine (PLP-AMP), the superoxide anion-producing activity was inhibited according to affinity labeling kinetics. Superoxides 157-173 proteolipid protein 1 Homo sapiens 143-146 1798278-6 1991 These cyclic GMP-mediated mechanisms of relaxation are inhibited by superoxide anion, produced from endogenous sources after inhibition of superoxide dismutase or produced by pharmacological agents that undergo redox cycling. Superoxides 68-84 5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II Homo sapiens 13-16 1685923-5 1991 Superoxide anion production requires translocation of a cytochrome b-245 and this translocation was reduced by sulphasalazine (P less than 0.01) but not by 5-ASA or sulphapyridine. Superoxides 0-16 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 56-68 1664838-4 1991 Staphylococcus aureus, interleukin-1 beta, and interleukin-2 all increased the number of somatic cells after intramammary infusion and activated the inducible superoxide production in milk polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Superoxides 159-169 interleukin 2 Bos taurus 47-60 1659916-4 1991 Expression of cytochrome b 558 was found to be at low levels in patients who had neutrophils showing decreased O2- production when stimulated with FMLP, indicating that decreased expression of cytochrome b 558 might contribute to the impairment of O2- production in some MDS patients. Superoxides 111-113 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 14-26 1659916-4 1991 Expression of cytochrome b 558 was found to be at low levels in patients who had neutrophils showing decreased O2- production when stimulated with FMLP, indicating that decreased expression of cytochrome b 558 might contribute to the impairment of O2- production in some MDS patients. Superoxides 248-250 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 14-26 1659916-4 1991 Expression of cytochrome b 558 was found to be at low levels in patients who had neutrophils showing decreased O2- production when stimulated with FMLP, indicating that decreased expression of cytochrome b 558 might contribute to the impairment of O2- production in some MDS patients. Superoxides 248-250 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 193-205 1664322-4 1991 Production of superoxide via mitochondrial, NADPH-oxidase and xanthine/xanthine oxidase systems has been investigated. Superoxides 14-24 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 71-87 1664322-5 1991 The evidence suggests that superoxide, and thereby H2O2, is produced by the xanthine/xanthine oxidase system, but an involvement of the other superoxide generating systems has not been excluded. Superoxides 27-37 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 85-101 1652936-9 1991 Incubation of the macrophages with mCSF enhanced the sugar transport and PMA-dependent stimulation of HMPS activity and superoxide production, indicating a role for mCSF in the "priming" of macrophage functions. Superoxides 120-130 colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage) Mus musculus 35-39 1676856-1 1991 Components involved in superoxide anion production (cytochrome b) and in cell adhesion processes (CD11b, CD11c, CD18), two early functional responses of neutrophils during acute inflammation, are intracellularly located in resting human neutrophils. Superoxides 23-39 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 52-64 1676856-1 1991 Components involved in superoxide anion production (cytochrome b) and in cell adhesion processes (CD11b, CD11c, CD18), two early functional responses of neutrophils during acute inflammation, are intracellularly located in resting human neutrophils. Superoxides 23-39 integrin subunit alpha M Homo sapiens 98-103 1649124-1 1991 Bombesin, as well as the two mammalian bombesin-like peptides gastrin-releasing peptide and neuromedin C, have been shown in this study to stimulate in vitro all steps of the phagocytic process in murine peritoneal macrophages: adherence to substrate, chemotaxis, ingestion of cells (Candida albicans) and inert particles (latex beads), and production of superoxide anion as measured by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction. Superoxides 355-371 gastrin releasing peptide Homo sapiens 0-8 1649124-1 1991 Bombesin, as well as the two mammalian bombesin-like peptides gastrin-releasing peptide and neuromedin C, have been shown in this study to stimulate in vitro all steps of the phagocytic process in murine peritoneal macrophages: adherence to substrate, chemotaxis, ingestion of cells (Candida albicans) and inert particles (latex beads), and production of superoxide anion as measured by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction. Superoxides 355-371 gastrin releasing peptide Homo sapiens 92-104 1649131-4 1991 Group II PLA2 purified from synovial fluid or from placenta caused marked spontaneous superoxide generation followed by inhibition of phagocytosis-induced burst of energy. Superoxides 86-96 phospholipase A2 group IIA Homo sapiens 9-13 1848582-0 1991 Inhibition of human neutrophil superoxide generation by alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. Superoxides 31-41 serpin family A member 3 Homo sapiens 56-80 1649410-0 1991 Differential inhibition and potentiation of chemoattractant-induced superoxide formation in human neutrophils by the cell-permeant analogue of cyclic GMP, N2,2"-O-dibutyryl guanosine 3":5"-cyclic monophosphate. Superoxides 68-78 5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II Homo sapiens 150-153 2044603-2 1991 Two main types of CGD are known, an X-linked form which is normally associated with the absence of cytochrome b558, a component of the membrane-associated reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase which generates superoxide and an autosomal recessive form, in which cytochrome b558 is present, caused by the deficiency of a cytosolic factor required to activate NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 239-249 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 99-111 1648022-0 1991 Spin-trapping of the superoxide radical in aprotic solvents. Superoxides 21-31 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 2060844-3 1991 Platelet activating factor (PAF), a phospholipid associated with inflammatory disorders, has been shown to both prime and amplify the release of superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide from polymorphonuclear neutrophils and macrophages stimulated by FMLP or PMA. Superoxides 145-161 PCNA clamp associated factor Rattus norvegicus 28-31 2176110-1 1990 Phagocytes from X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (X-CGD) patients are deficient in their ability to generate superoxide because of a defective gene that encodes a heavy chain of cytochrome b, a critical component in the superoxide-generating pathway. Superoxides 115-125 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 184-196 2176110-1 1990 Phagocytes from X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (X-CGD) patients are deficient in their ability to generate superoxide because of a defective gene that encodes a heavy chain of cytochrome b, a critical component in the superoxide-generating pathway. Superoxides 226-236 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 184-196 1965497-6 1990 When each agent was administered after pre-incubation with adenosine deaminase (ADA) (0.1 U/mL), O2- production was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner in comparison with that under administration of ADA alone. Superoxides 97-99 adenosine deaminase Homo sapiens 59-78 1965497-6 1990 When each agent was administered after pre-incubation with adenosine deaminase (ADA) (0.1 U/mL), O2- production was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner in comparison with that under administration of ADA alone. Superoxides 97-99 adenosine deaminase Homo sapiens 80-83 1963276-0 1990 Spin-trapping of superoxide by 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide: application to isolated perfused organs. Superoxides 17-27 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 1963276-2 1990 For superoxide and hydroxyl radical, the spin trap 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline 1-oxide (DMPO) is most frequently used. Superoxides 4-14 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 41-45 2146522-1 1990 We propose that increased formation of oxygen-derived free radicals, such as the superoxide and hydroxyl species, may be responsible for progressive neural degeneration in dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT). Superoxides 81-91 solute carrier family 6 member 3 Homo sapiens 204-207 2198957-5 1990 In addition, rGM-CSF stimulated circulating monocytes as evidenced by an increase in superoxide anion production and expression of surface HLA-DR antigen. Superoxides 85-101 colony stimulating factor 2 Rattus norvegicus 13-20 2380580-1 1990 The effects of a single exposure to UVB radiation on skin antioxidant enzymes and superoxide-generating xanthine oxidase were examined in Skh:HR-1 hairless mice. Superoxides 82-92 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 104-120 2159460-5 1990 Both phorbol ester- and cytokine-stimulated ingestion of IgG-opsonized targets and superoxide anion production were inhibited by the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors TFP and H7. Superoxides 83-99 inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase pseudogene Homo sapiens 167-170 2178703-4 1990 Peritoneal neutrophils isolated from mice treated with rGM-CSF exhibited primed superoxide generation (O2-) after in vitro stimulation with suboptimal concentrations of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), as compared with control mice (treated with diluent). Superoxides 80-90 colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage) Mus musculus 59-62 2178703-4 1990 Peritoneal neutrophils isolated from mice treated with rGM-CSF exhibited primed superoxide generation (O2-) after in vitro stimulation with suboptimal concentrations of phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), as compared with control mice (treated with diluent). Superoxides 103-106 colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage) Mus musculus 59-62 2154454-0 1990 Spin trapping evidence for the lack of significant hydroxyl radical production during the respiration burst of human phagocytes using a spin adduct resistant to superoxide-mediated destruction. Superoxides 161-171 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 2154454-0 1990 Spin trapping evidence for the lack of significant hydroxyl radical production during the respiration burst of human phagocytes using a spin adduct resistant to superoxide-mediated destruction. Superoxides 161-171 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 136-140 2154454-2 1990 Recent reports that 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide spin adducts are unstable in the presence of superoxide-generating systems such as stimulated neutrophils has raised concerns regarding the sensitivity of spin trapping techniques for assessment of phagocyte free radical formation. Superoxides 98-108 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 208-212 2160241-2 1990 Both compounds exhibited inhibitory effect with concentration dependency on the n-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP)-induced superoxide (O-2) production by human PMN. Superoxides 135-145 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 147-150 2405495-4 1990 Methemoglobin formation and recycling are accompanied by release of superoxide. Superoxides 68-78 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 0-13 3026324-1 1986 The reduction with dithionite of neutrophil cytochrome b-558, implicated in superoxide generation by activated neutrophils, was investigated by a stopped-flow technique in non-ionic-detergent extracts of the membranes and in crude membrane particles. Superoxides 76-86 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 44-56 34592471-8 2021 The production of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite and total ROS were also significantly increased with endocan treatment supported by decreased activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Superoxides 18-28 endothelial cell specific molecule 1 Homo sapiens 116-123 34592471-8 2021 The production of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, peroxynitrite and total ROS were also significantly increased with endocan treatment supported by decreased activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase. Superoxides 169-179 endothelial cell specific molecule 1 Homo sapiens 116-123 34829655-9 2021 These results imply an important link between neurotoxicity and superoxides wherein abnormal increases in NTS endogenous mu-opioids promote the interaction between Ang II and muOR, the binding of Ang II to AT1R, and the activation of microglia. Superoxides 64-75 angiogenin Rattus norvegicus 196-199 34768760-5 2021 We demonstrated that the expression of antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutases SOD1 and SOD2) were elevated in EAE rat brains. Superoxides 62-72 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 93-97 34447480-11 2021 The malondialdehyde content was significantly decreased, whereas superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels were increased following IL-22 treatment. Superoxides 65-75 interleukin 22 Homo sapiens 134-139 34478853-7 2021 q-PCR and DHE staining showed that the expressions of NADPH oxidase 1/4 (Nox1/4) were up-regulated, along with the increased production of superoxide anion. Superoxides 139-155 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 54-71 34478853-7 2021 q-PCR and DHE staining showed that the expressions of NADPH oxidase 1/4 (Nox1/4) were up-regulated, along with the increased production of superoxide anion. Superoxides 139-155 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 73-79 34293347-1 2021 NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) produces the superoxide anion radical (O2-), which has functions in both cell signaling and immune defense. Superoxides 36-60 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 0-15 34293347-1 2021 NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) produces the superoxide anion radical (O2-), which has functions in both cell signaling and immune defense. Superoxides 36-60 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 17-21 34309015-6 2021 In mouse models of cardiac remodelling, we also show that restoration of circulating nitrite levels using dietary nitrate improves endothelial dysfunction through targeting of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR)-driven H2 O2 and superoxide, and reduces cardiac fibrosis through NO-mediated block of SMAD-phosphorylation leading to improvements in cardiac structure and function. Superoxides 223-233 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 176-199 34309015-6 2021 In mouse models of cardiac remodelling, we also show that restoration of circulating nitrite levels using dietary nitrate improves endothelial dysfunction through targeting of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR)-driven H2 O2 and superoxide, and reduces cardiac fibrosis through NO-mediated block of SMAD-phosphorylation leading to improvements in cardiac structure and function. Superoxides 223-233 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 201-204 34337190-6 2022 Similarly, we also observed increased expression of the superoxide dismutase-3 gene (SOD3), indicating oxidative stress caused by the microplastics treatments. Superoxides 56-66 superoxide dismutase 3 Canis lupus familiaris 85-89 34447955-9 2021 Also, a linear effect was observed on the glucose and superoxide dismutase of blood profile with the dietary inclusion of GOx. Superoxides 54-64 hydroxyacid oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 122-125 35577065-1 2022 Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are strongly implicated in Parkinson"s disease (PD) pathogenesis and there is evidence that mitochondrially-generated superoxide can activate NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2). Superoxides 165-175 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 189-204 35577065-1 2022 Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are strongly implicated in Parkinson"s disease (PD) pathogenesis and there is evidence that mitochondrially-generated superoxide can activate NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2). Superoxides 165-175 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 206-210 35489654-1 2022 The phagocyte NADPH oxidase (NOX2) is a key enzyme of the innate immune system generating superoxide anions (O2 -), precursors of reactive oxygen species. Superoxides 90-107 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 29-33 35447940-8 2022 Moreover, the expression of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD1 and SOD2) in CA1-3 pyramidal cells were gradually and significantly reduced after ischemia. Superoxides 52-62 carbonic anhydrase 1 Homo sapiens 92-97 35395832-5 2022 In addition, S1-OPA1 overexpression significantly aggravated mitochondrial damage in neurons exposed to OGD for 60 min and 24 h after OGD/R, characterized by mitochondrial fragmentation, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial cristae ultrastructural damage, increased superoxide production, decreased ATP production and increased mitochondrial apoptosis, which was inhibited by the lysine 301 to alanine mutation (K301A). Superoxides 287-297 OPA1, mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase Mus musculus 16-20 35395335-8 2022 Finally, the intracellular levels of ROS, superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione in C3A and HepG2-hCYP1A1 exposed to BPAF were all moderately increased, while unchanged in HepG2 cells. Superoxides 42-52 complement C3 Homo sapiens 90-93 35347316-5 2022 This reconfiguration maximizes NADPH yield to fuel superoxide production via NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 51-61 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 31-36 35347316-5 2022 This reconfiguration maximizes NADPH yield to fuel superoxide production via NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 51-61 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 77-82 35174211-8 2021 Increased superoxide formation in the brain was mirrored by a downregulation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (Nos3) and transcription factor Foxo3 genes, whereas Vcam1 mRNA, a marker for inflammation was upregulated in all noise exposure groups. Superoxides 10-20 forkhead box O3 Mus musculus 143-148 35158330-2 2021 NF-kappaB is activated by superoxide (O2 -)- producing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase homologues, including NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2), and vice versa, with NF-kappaB inducing Nox2. Superoxides 26-36 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 138-153 35158330-2 2021 NF-kappaB is activated by superoxide (O2 -)- producing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase homologues, including NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2), and vice versa, with NF-kappaB inducing Nox2. Superoxides 26-36 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 155-159 35158330-2 2021 NF-kappaB is activated by superoxide (O2 -)- producing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase homologues, including NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2), and vice versa, with NF-kappaB inducing Nox2. Superoxides 26-36 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 202-206 2557043-9 1989 B103U was also more potent as an inhibitor of bovine xanthine oxidase-catalyzed generation of superoxide radicals. Superoxides 94-104 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 53-69 2509942-1 1989 Activation of the superoxide generating system in human neutrophils is thought to involve the interaction or assembly of cytochrome b with other cytosolic and membrane proteins. Superoxides 18-28 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 121-133 2509942-5 1989 The association of a Ras-related GTP-binding protein with cytochrome b of human neutrophils could indicate a role for such a protein in the transduction, regulation or structure of the superoxide generating system. Superoxides 185-195 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 58-70 2545706-5 1989 However, superoxide destroys the preformed hydroxyl radical spin-trapped adduct, 2,2-dimethyl-5-hydroxy-1-pyrrolidinyloxy (DMPO-OH), and DMPO-CH3. Superoxides 9-19 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 60-64 2545706-12 1989 Although spin-trapped adducts can be destroyed by a high concentration of superoxide, or by lower concentrations of superoxide in the presence of thiol-containing compounds, our results demonstrate that such decomposition does not interfere with the ability of the spin-trapping method to detect hydroxyl radical generated by human neutrophils. Superoxides 74-84 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 9-13 2545706-12 1989 Although spin-trapped adducts can be destroyed by a high concentration of superoxide, or by lower concentrations of superoxide in the presence of thiol-containing compounds, our results demonstrate that such decomposition does not interfere with the ability of the spin-trapping method to detect hydroxyl radical generated by human neutrophils. Superoxides 116-126 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 9-13 2542378-7 1989 Lipocortin I, a glucocorticoid inducible and phospholipase A2 inhibitory protein, inhibited O2- generation initiated by A23187 but failed to modulate the respiratory burst activated by PMA. Superoxides 92-94 annexin A1 Homo sapiens 45-80 2545762-0 1989 Spin trapping of the superoxide anion: complications in the use of the water-soluble nitroso-aromatic reagent DBNBS. Superoxides 21-37 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 2545762-1 1989 Sodium 3,5-dibromo-4-nitrosobenzenesulfonate (DBNBS) is reported to be a useful spin trap for the measurement of superoxide anions in aqueous solution. Superoxides 113-130 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 80-84 2545762-2 1989 However, the signal observed arises from interaction of the spin trap with some species other than the superoxide radical or hydrogen peroxide, a product of its dismutation, as the addition of both superoxide dismutase and catalase to a superoxide generating system failed to attenuate the signal. Superoxides 103-113 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 60-64 2536769-0 1989 Superoxide-dependent nitroblue tetrazolium reduction and expression of cytochrome b-245 components by human tonsillar B lymphocytes and B cell lines. Superoxides 0-10 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 71-83 2546868-3 1989 Rates of both antimycin A-resistant respiration of isolated mitochondria and O2 generation at ubiquinone-cytochrome b site by submitochondrial particles increased during aging and were associated with life expectancy of flies. Superoxides 77-79 CYTB Musca domestica 105-117 2501113-10 1989 Drastic peroxidative conditions involving superoxide and prolonged incubation in the presence of iron were found to destroy flavin nucleotides, inhibit NADPH:cytochrome P-450 reductase and inhibit propagation step of lipid peroxidation. Superoxides 42-52 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 152-157 2501113-12 1989 Reactive oxo-complex formed between iron and superoxide is proposed as an ultimate species for the initiation of lipid peroxidation in microsomes from human term placenta as well as for the destruction of flavin nucleotides and inhibition of NADPH:cytochrome P-450 reductase as well as for impairment of promotion of lipid peroxidation under drastic peroxidative conditions. Superoxides 45-55 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 242-247 20702295-0 1989 The antioxidant effects of copper sulphate on the actions of a phorbol ester and a xanthine-xanthine oxidase superoxide-anion generating system in murine epidermal cells. Superoxides 109-125 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 92-108 20702295-4 1989 The superoxide generating system xanthine-xanthine oxidase was shown to induce ornithine decarboxylase by two- to threefold; such induction was partially inhibited by CuSO(4). Superoxides 4-14 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 42-58 20702295-4 1989 The superoxide generating system xanthine-xanthine oxidase was shown to induce ornithine decarboxylase by two- to threefold; such induction was partially inhibited by CuSO(4). Superoxides 4-14 ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1 Mus musculus 79-102 2848319-2 1988 Anion exchange chromatography separated from normal neutrophil cytosol a 47-kilodalton neutrophil cytosol factor, NCF-1, that restored activity to defective neutrophil cytosol from most patients with autosomally inherited CGD in a cell-free O2.--generating system. Superoxides 241-243 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 114-119 2849347-8 1988 A decrease in rat PAM membrane cytochrome b558 levels was observed after ozone exposure of 3 ppm for 3 h, preliminarily suggesting that the mechanism by which ozone interferes with PAM O2- production may be through interaction with this heme-containing electron carrier. Superoxides 185-187 cytochrome b, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 31-43 2844836-2 1988 All five drugs were able to inhibit superoxide anion production stimulated by n-formyl-nel-leu-phe (FNLP), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), and phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PDB). Superoxides 36-52 prostaglandin reductase 1 Cavia porcellus 123-127 3411191-5 1988 Direct oxidant-mediated cytotoxicity induced by either H2O2 or the superoxide anion radical (as generated by xanthine-xanthine oxidase) also resulted in more significant injury to hypocatalasemic RBCs than to normocatalasemic RBCs (p less than 0.05, both comparisons). Superoxides 67-91 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 118-134 2450644-4 1988 (b) Interferon induces xanthine oxidase; superoxide generated by interferon-induced xanthine oxidase destroys cytochrome P-450. Superoxides 41-51 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 23-39 2450644-4 1988 (b) Interferon induces xanthine oxidase; superoxide generated by interferon-induced xanthine oxidase destroys cytochrome P-450. Superoxides 41-51 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 84-100 2829973-7 1988 Both creatine kinase and glycogen phosphorylase b competed favorably with ferricytochrome c for superoxide anion in the standard xanthine oxidase system for the generation of oxyradicals and H2O2. Superoxides 96-112 glycogen phosphorylase B Homo sapiens 25-49 3338107-4 1988 In order to mimick AO released by phagocytes we used xanthine/xanthine oxidase as a source of extracellular superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 108-118 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 62-78 2827493-11 1988 Serum obtained from thrombin-generated whole blood also resulted in a modest degree of neutrophil superoxide anion generation, but this did not occur with plasma-derived serum. Superoxides 98-114 coagulation factor II, thrombin Bos taurus 20-28 2827493-12 1988 The results indicate that serum factors obtained by clotting blood with thrombin induce neutrophil aggregation and neutrophil adherence to the endothelium as well as superoxide production. Superoxides 166-176 coagulation factor II, thrombin Bos taurus 72-80 2820405-0 1987 Porcine polymorphonuclear leukocyte NADPH-cytochrome c reductase generates superoxide in the presence of cytochrome b559 and phospholipid. Superoxides 75-85 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 36-41 2820405-0 1987 Porcine polymorphonuclear leukocyte NADPH-cytochrome c reductase generates superoxide in the presence of cytochrome b559 and phospholipid. Superoxides 75-85 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 105-117 3028401-8 1987 By using acetylated ferricytochrome c in place of native ferricytochrome c in quantitating the product specificity of the oxidoreductase we show that no more than 70% of the electron equivalents donated by NADPH to the oxidoreductase are involved in superoxide formation. Superoxides 250-260 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 122-136 2822547-0 1987 Spin-trapping evidence that graded myocardial ischemia alters post-ischemic superoxide production. Superoxides 76-86 spindlin 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 2824937-5 1987 Study of the functional activity of the induced cells revealed that the rate of superoxide (O-2) production, as assayed by superoxide dismutase-inhibitable ferricytochrome c reduction, was faster in RA treated HL-60 cells than in TTNPB treated cells (0.41 vs. 0.25 nmol. Superoxides 80-90 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 92-95 3023612-0 1986 Spin trapping of superoxide and hydroxyl radicals with substituted pyrroline 1-oxides. Superoxides 17-27 spindlin 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 3023612-4 1986 Hyperfine coupling constants for the spin trapping of superoxide and hydroxyl radical by the various nitrones were determined. Superoxides 54-64 spindlin 1 Rattus norvegicus 37-41 3023612-5 1986 The rate of spin trapping of superoxide with each nitrone was conducted by competitive kinetics with superoxide dismutase (SOD). Superoxides 29-39 spindlin 1 Rattus norvegicus 12-16 3019604-2 1986 Superoxide anion production and degranulation of rat neutrophils, upon stimulation with the liver membrane vesicles, were measured by cytochrome c reduction before and after the addition of superoxide dismutase, and beta-glucuronidase release respectively. Superoxides 0-16 glucuronidase, beta Rattus norvegicus 216-234 3021127-3 1986 Perhydroxyl or superoxide radicals (HO.2 or O-2) cannot be established as the inactivating species in this mechanism, but they influence the rate of reconversion of the intermediate lactoperoxidase-compound III back to the resting ferric form of the enzyme. Superoxides 15-34 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 44-47 3015445-1 1986 In order to investigate the correlation between stimulation of superoxide generation and induction of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) we have used the macrophage cell line J774.16 and a clone derived from this line that, by contrast with the parental line, is unable to generate superoxides in response to TPA. Superoxides 323-334 ornithine decarboxylase, structural 1 Mus musculus 127-130 3011108-7 1986 K0.5 (half-maximal activation) for the PMA activation of purified protein kinase C was shown to be equivalent to the K0.5 for PMA stimulation of superoxide (O-2) production in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes, suggesting that protein kinase C is involved in activation of the NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 145-155 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 157-160 3707996-6 1986 Superoxide dismutase induction does not appear to be a response that is specific to paraquat, since another superoxide-generating compound, juglone, caused a similar increase in total superoxide dismutase activity. Superoxides 108-118 superoxide dismutase Zea mays 184-204 3707996-7 1986 Therefore, the effect of these compounds on the expression of the maize Sod genes is exerted via their ability to generate superoxide. Superoxides 123-133 superoxide dismutase Zea mays 72-75 3015753-3 1986 With NADH, however, strong O2- production was induced by Con A and Cyt B. Superoxides 27-29 cytochrome b, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 67-72 3015753-4 1986 2) FUT-175 at 10(-6) and 10(-5) M inhibited O2- production in rat PMN induced by Con A and Cyt B with NADH in a concentration-dependent manner. Superoxides 44-46 cytochrome b, mitochondrial Rattus norvegicus 91-96 3010990-0 1986 Spin-trapping of superoxide ion by a water-soluble, nitroso-aromatic spin-trap. Superoxides 17-27 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 3010990-0 1986 Spin-trapping of superoxide ion by a water-soluble, nitroso-aromatic spin-trap. Superoxides 17-27 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 69-73 3010990-1 1986 Spin-trapping of superoxide ion, O2-, which is produced from two different sources (OH(-)-DMSO and xanthine-xanthine oxidase systems), was investigated by use of a water-soluble, notroso-aromatic spin trap, sodium 3,5-dibromo-4-nitrosobenzene-sulfonate (DBNBS). Superoxides 17-27 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 3010990-1 1986 Spin-trapping of superoxide ion, O2-, which is produced from two different sources (OH(-)-DMSO and xanthine-xanthine oxidase systems), was investigated by use of a water-soluble, notroso-aromatic spin trap, sodium 3,5-dibromo-4-nitrosobenzene-sulfonate (DBNBS). Superoxides 17-27 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 196-200 3010990-1 1986 Spin-trapping of superoxide ion, O2-, which is produced from two different sources (OH(-)-DMSO and xanthine-xanthine oxidase systems), was investigated by use of a water-soluble, notroso-aromatic spin trap, sodium 3,5-dibromo-4-nitrosobenzene-sulfonate (DBNBS). Superoxides 33-35 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 3010990-1 1986 Spin-trapping of superoxide ion, O2-, which is produced from two different sources (OH(-)-DMSO and xanthine-xanthine oxidase systems), was investigated by use of a water-soluble, notroso-aromatic spin trap, sodium 3,5-dibromo-4-nitrosobenzene-sulfonate (DBNBS). Superoxides 33-35 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 196-200 3011845-2 1986 Defects in the superoxide generating system were characterized at the level of the heme-containing cytochrome b and of the FAD-containing flavoprotein, both localized in the plasma membrane of granulocytes. Superoxides 15-25 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 99-111 2577732-2 1986 According to the rates of reduction and the concentration of O2- and H2O2, the metal complexes may serve either as catalyst of O2- dismutation or as catalysts of the reaction between O2- and H2O2 to form OH. Superoxides 61-63 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 183-195 3007813-0 1985 [A colorimetric method for determination of guanase activity in serum based on superoxide anion with elimination of interference by endogenous xanthine]. Superoxides 79-95 guanine deaminase Homo sapiens 44-51 4063352-9 1985 Association of cytochrome b with the NADPH oxidase activity and its very low Em7.0 makes it a suitable candidate to be part of the superoxide-generating system also in macrophages. Superoxides 131-141 cytochrome b Cavia porcellus 15-27 2996947-7 1985 Priming can be explained at least in part by a modification of the respiratory burst enzyme such that it binds its substrate NADPH, the source of electrons for reduction of oxygen to superoxide anion, more efficiently. Superoxides 183-199 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 125-130 3862727-2 1985 The basis for this response appears to be an NAD(P)H oxidase that utilizes reduced NAD(P)H to form superoxide anion. Superoxides 99-115 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 45-52 3876795-1 1985 To kill microorganisms, phagocytes exhibit an oxidative burst with, in particular, a NADPH-dependent, superoxide-generating system that consists, in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), of a flavin enzyme and cytochrome b-245 (cyt b-245). Superoxides 102-112 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 208-220 6725961-1 1984 The enzyme responsible for the respiratory burst in human neutrophils is an oxidase that catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to superoxide anion (O-2). Superoxides 126-142 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 144-147 6261743-0 1981 Spin trap evidence for production of superoxide radical anions by purified NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase. Superoxides 37-62 spindlin 1 Homo sapiens 0-4 6265062-1 1981 Comparison was made of the ability of the potent tumor promoter phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), as well as less active PMA analogs and non-phorbol ester tumor promoters, to stimulate superoxide anion radical (O-.2) production by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Superoxides 184-208 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 210-214 6253458-9 1980 It is proposed that neutrophil-derived O2.- oxidizes oxyhemoglobin to generate methemoglobin and H2O2 which interact to form a cytotoxic complex capable of hemolyzing the erythrocyte target. Superoxides 39-41 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 79-92 6256498-4 1980 Furthermore, superoxide formation was stimulated by NADPH and scavenged by the addition of exogenous superoxide dismutase in cortical slice homogenates. Superoxides 13-23 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 52-57 6258576-20 1980 Thus the effect of superoxide may involve NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase and cytosolically orientated membrane factor(s). Superoxides 19-29 cytochrome p450 oxidoreductase Rattus norvegicus 42-74 119581-5 1979 Lipoxygenase-catalyzed oxidation of furan (IV), which is inhibited by hydroquinone, is explained by a mechanism involving lipoxygenase-superoxide complex and furan-radical intermediates. Superoxides 135-145 linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4 Glycine max 0-12 119581-5 1979 Lipoxygenase-catalyzed oxidation of furan (IV), which is inhibited by hydroquinone, is explained by a mechanism involving lipoxygenase-superoxide complex and furan-radical intermediates. Superoxides 135-145 linoleate 9S-lipoxygenase-4 Glycine max 122-134 226386-1 1979 The higher superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels found in human blood cells when Nitro Blue Tetrazolium (NBT) rather than Cytochrome C was used as the colorimetric detector of superoxide (O-2) was investigated. Superoxides 11-21 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 184-187 207453-0 1978 Involvement of superoxide radicals in the formation of methemoglobin from oxyhemoglobin: inhibition of superoxide dismutase by diethyldithiocarbamate. Superoxides 15-25 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 55-68 23176-1 1978 Acetylated ferricytochrome c was employed for the detection of superoxide radicals (O-2) generated both in intact cells and in subcellular fractions of leukocytes. Superoxides 63-82 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 84-87 203409-3 1977 Superoxide radical anion (O-2) failed to react with cholesterol under a variety of conditions. Superoxides 0-24 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 26-29 182230-4 1976 The superoxide anion appears to be the source of hydrogen peroxide which accounts for most of the observed methemoglobin formation when hemoglobin is reacted with menadione. Superoxides 4-20 hemoglobin subunit gamma 2 Homo sapiens 107-120 34050627-4 2021 The Lf-Au-Bi2 Se3 NDs can also serve as multiple enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and peroxide. Superoxides 65-75 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1-132 Mus musculus 10-13 33849947-0 2021 Nox3-derived superoxide in cochleae induces sensorineural hearing loss Mechanisms of Nox3-dependent hearing loss. Superoxides 13-23 NADPH oxidase 3 Mus musculus 0-4 33849947-0 2021 Nox3-derived superoxide in cochleae induces sensorineural hearing loss Mechanisms of Nox3-dependent hearing loss. Superoxides 13-23 NADPH oxidase 3 Mus musculus 85-89 33662439-2 2021 The present study investigated the antioxidant cytochrome c-like activities of Mn(III)TMPyP [meso-tetrakis (4-N-methyl pyridinium) porphyrin] against superoxide ion and hydrogen peroxide that remained unexplored for this porphyrin. Superoxides 150-160 cytochrome c-like Rattus norvegicus 47-64 33582209-10 2021 Ang-(1-5) treatment increased Mn-superoxide dismutase, catalase, and heme oxygenase-1 protein levels, which was attenuated by A779 pretreatment. Superoxides 33-43 angiogenin Rattus norvegicus 0-8 33290831-0 2021 Mitochondrial protein adduct and superoxide generation are prerequisites for early activation of c-jun N-terminal kinase within the cytosol after an acetaminophen overdose in mice. Superoxides 33-43 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 97-120 33290831-4 2021 Cytosolic JNK activation was only evident at 60 min, and was significantly attenuated by scavenging superoxide specifically in the cytosol by TEMPO treatment. Superoxides 100-110 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 10-13 33290831-7 2021 Inhibitor studies identified the putative source of mitochondrial superoxide as complex III, which released superoxide towards the intermembrane space after APAP resulting in activation of JNK in the cytosol. Superoxides 66-76 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 189-192 33290831-7 2021 Inhibitor studies identified the putative source of mitochondrial superoxide as complex III, which released superoxide towards the intermembrane space after APAP resulting in activation of JNK in the cytosol. Superoxides 108-118 mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 Mus musculus 189-192 33634117-3 2021 The xanthine oxidase (XO) form of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), the key enzyme in xanthine and uric acid metabolism, is a major cellular source of superoxide. Superoxides 148-158 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 4-20 33634117-3 2021 The xanthine oxidase (XO) form of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), the key enzyme in xanthine and uric acid metabolism, is a major cellular source of superoxide. Superoxides 148-158 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 34-57 33634117-3 2021 The xanthine oxidase (XO) form of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), the key enzyme in xanthine and uric acid metabolism, is a major cellular source of superoxide. Superoxides 148-158 xanthine dehydrogenase Mus musculus 59-62 33309799-11 2021 This was accompanied by an increased level of superoxide (O2.-), nitric oxide (NO), and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) which were decreased in the presence of NAC, DPI, and 1400W, signifying the role of iNOS-Rac2 interaction. Superoxides 46-56 X-linked Kx blood group Homo sapiens 150-153 33011272-3 2020 Activation of NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX-2) in neutrophils by stimulators of protein kinase C (PKC), such as phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), results in the rapid generation of superoxide at the expense of oxidation of NADPH to NADP+. Superoxides 171-181 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 14-29 33011272-3 2020 Activation of NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX-2) in neutrophils by stimulators of protein kinase C (PKC), such as phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), results in the rapid generation of superoxide at the expense of oxidation of NADPH to NADP+. Superoxides 171-181 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 31-36 33011272-3 2020 Activation of NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX-2) in neutrophils by stimulators of protein kinase C (PKC), such as phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), results in the rapid generation of superoxide at the expense of oxidation of NADPH to NADP+. Superoxides 171-181 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 14-19 31690958-8 2020 NADPH oxidase-dependent O2- generation was elevated in renal cortex of the OX group and markedly enhanced in the HFD + OX rats, and associated to an up-regulation of Nox1 and a down-regulation of Nox4 expression. Superoxides 24-26 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 166-170 31690958-8 2020 NADPH oxidase-dependent O2- generation was elevated in renal cortex of the OX group and markedly enhanced in the HFD + OX rats, and associated to an up-regulation of Nox1 and a down-regulation of Nox4 expression. Superoxides 24-26 NADPH oxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 196-200 32978411-5 2020 Here, we demonstrate that CSE/H2S pathway sustain endothelial mitochondrial bioenergetics and loss of CSE increases the production of mitochondrial-specific superoxide. Superoxides 157-167 cystathionine gamma-lyase Homo sapiens 102-105 32554304-8 2020 We further demonstrated that RAD51 inhibition or depletion led to elevated production of mitochondrial superoxide and increased accumulation of mitochondria. Superoxides 103-113 RAD51 recombinase Homo sapiens 29-34 31912425-3 2020 Thus, we presented an improved genetic circuit by introducing an artificial hybrid promoter PluxI-lacO combining PlacO originated from lactose promoter with QS regulatory promoter PluxI to control the expression of reporter gene rfp. Superoxides 113-118 tripartite motif containing 27 Homo sapiens 229-232 32694733-3 2020 Here, we identify the non-phagocytic NADPH oxidase organizer 1 (NOXO1) as the superoxide source and an essential driver of smoke-induced emphysema and pulmonary hypertension development in mice. Superoxides 78-88 NADPH oxidase organizer 1 Mus musculus 37-62 32694733-3 2020 Here, we identify the non-phagocytic NADPH oxidase organizer 1 (NOXO1) as the superoxide source and an essential driver of smoke-induced emphysema and pulmonary hypertension development in mice. Superoxides 78-88 NADPH oxidase organizer 1 Mus musculus 64-69 32694733-6 2020 Quantification of superoxide, nitrotyrosine and multiple NOXO1-dependent signalling pathways confirm that peroxynitrite formation from nitric oxide and superoxide is a driver of lung emphysema. Superoxides 152-162 NADPH oxidase organizer 1 Mus musculus 57-62 31975462-8 2020 In conclusion, 1 O2 induces the ER-mediated UPR response that fulfills a dual role in high light stress: a moderate UPR, with selective induction of BIP3, is part of the acclimatory response to 1 O2 , and a strong activation of the whole UPR is associated with cell death. Superoxides 17-19 Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp 70) family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 149-153 31975462-8 2020 In conclusion, 1 O2 induces the ER-mediated UPR response that fulfills a dual role in high light stress: a moderate UPR, with selective induction of BIP3, is part of the acclimatory response to 1 O2 , and a strong activation of the whole UPR is associated with cell death. Superoxides 196-198 Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp 70) family protein Arabidopsis thaliana 149-153 31972339-2 2020 Extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) is important for removing extracellular superoxide anions and is highly expressed in renal tissue. Superoxides 14-24 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 36-40 32014500-6 2020 The elevated levels of H2O2 (a biomarker of oxidative stress) and the free radicals (NO and O2 -) reduced the concentration of dominant pathogens and regulated ROS/RNS/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR pathway by affecting p-AMPK, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1). Superoxides 25-27 acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha Homo sapiens 358-382 32014500-6 2020 The elevated levels of H2O2 (a biomarker of oxidative stress) and the free radicals (NO and O2 -) reduced the concentration of dominant pathogens and regulated ROS/RNS/AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mTOR pathway by affecting p-AMPK, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1). Superoxides 25-27 acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha Homo sapiens 384-388 32343137-2 2020 Here, we report two different approaches for the preparation of heterometallic superoxide complexes [PhL2CrIII-eta1-O2][MX]2 (PhL = -OPh2SiOSiPh2O-, MX+ = [CoCl]+, [ZnBr]+, [ZnCl]+) starting from the CrII precursor complex [PhL2CrII]Li2(THF)4. Superoxides 79-89 BCR activator of RhoGEF and GTPase Homo sapiens 101-104 31840416-10 2020 In addition, selective upregulation of Opa1 alone can also promote mitochondrial fusion, improve mitochondrial function and inhibited mitochondria-derived superoxide production in HG-cultured cardiomyocytes. Superoxides 155-165 OPA1, mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase Rattus norvegicus 39-43 31573704-3 2020 Recent advances in 2D electrocatalysts are reviewed for emerging applications that utilize naturally existing H2 O, N2 , O2 , Cl- (seawater) and CH4 (natural gas) as reactants for nitrogen reduction (N2 NH3 ), two-electron oxygen reduction (O2 H2 O2 ), chlorine evolution (Cl- Cl2 ), and methane partial oxidation (CH4 CH3 OH) reactions to generate NH3 , H2 O2 , Cl2 , and CH3 OH. Superoxides 121-123 endogenous retrovirus group W member 5 Homo sapiens 283-286 31573704-3 2020 Recent advances in 2D electrocatalysts are reviewed for emerging applications that utilize naturally existing H2 O, N2 , O2 , Cl- (seawater) and CH4 (natural gas) as reactants for nitrogen reduction (N2 NH3 ), two-electron oxygen reduction (O2 H2 O2 ), chlorine evolution (Cl- Cl2 ), and methane partial oxidation (CH4 CH3 OH) reactions to generate NH3 , H2 O2 , Cl2 , and CH3 OH. Superoxides 121-123 endogenous retrovirus group W member 5 Homo sapiens 371-374 31910027-8 2020 With downregulation of miR-873 in GDM rats, the cardiac function was improved and the myocardial apoptosis was inhibited, coupled with elevated activity of superoxide dismutase, carbon monoxide synthase, and the nitric oxide content. Superoxides 156-166 microRNA 873 Rattus norvegicus 23-30 31912910-7 2020 The increased reactive oxygen species production and decreased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities in H2 O2 -induced HCASMCs were reversed by GLA pretreatment. Superoxides 63-73 galactosidase alpha Homo sapiens 165-168 31900966-6 2020 RESULTS: Continuous gestational mild hypoxia (14% O2 ) applied from embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5) reduced the expression of VEGF-A mRNA and proteins by over 60% in E12.5 hearts relative to control normoxic hearts. Superoxides 50-52 vascular endothelial growth factor A Mus musculus 121-127 31989131-9 2020 Oxygen (O2) and ammonia (NH3) gases were detected in the concentration ranges 1-20% O2 and 1-10 ppm NH3 in the two GPEs using both linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and long-term chronoamperometry (LTCA). Superoxides 8-10 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 84-92 31928223-8 2020 Klotho protein supplementation enhanced glomerular filtration rate, renal expressions of superoxide dismutase (SOD), klotho itself (p<0.05). Superoxides 89-99 klotho Mus musculus 0-6 31911167-10 2020 Immunohistochemistry for astrocyte (GFAP) phenotypic analysis and its activation in brain and spinal cord were measured by using using image J software in N2O exposed rats and control animals. Superoxides 155-158 glial fibrillary acidic protein Rattus norvegicus 36-40 31714656-9 2020 SOD3 expression was not observed in PICT, Reactive oxygen species, a target of superoxide dismutase, was strongly and locally expressed in all three tissues. Superoxides 79-89 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 31993743-11 2020 PI3KCA and KRAS mutations were less frequent: they were more frequent in MMMT-O than in HGSOC (P = 0.015 and P = 0.018, respectively). Superoxides 73-79 KRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase Homo sapiens 11-15 31931142-6 2020 In the present work, we show that aberrant Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fragmentation within the striatum of HD mutant mice, forces mitochondria to place far away from the ER disrupting the ER-mitochondria association and therefore causing drawbacks in Ca2+ efflux and an excessive production of mitochondria superoxide species. Superoxides 308-318 collapsin response mediator protein 1 Mus musculus 43-47 31893939-7 2020 Results: PGD2/DP1 axis was down-regulated in CD4+ T cells from older humans and aged mice, DP1 deletion in CD4+ T cells (TDP1KO) augmented age-related hypertension in aged male mice by enhancing Th1 cytokine secretion, vascular remodeling and CD4+ T cells infiltration, superoxide production in vasculature and kidneys. Superoxides 270-280 receptor accessory protein 5 Mus musculus 91-94 31893939-12 2020 DP1 receptor activation by BW245C prevented age-associated BP elevation and reduced vascular/renal superoxide production in male mice. Superoxides 99-109 receptor accessory protein 5 Mus musculus 0-3 32093292-9 2020 In both studies, NADPH oxidase-dependent superoxide production in phagocytic cells was only due to the specific expression of the Nox2 isoform. Superoxides 41-51 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 130-134 32045633-5 2020 SFE could significantly regulate malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Superoxides 56-66 membrane metallo-endopeptidase Rattus norvegicus 0-3 31465718-4 2020 Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), an isoform of SOD that is exclusively expressed in the intracellular mitochondrial matrix, plays a crucial role in oxidative resistance against mitochondrial superoxide. Superoxides 189-199 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-22 31465718-4 2020 Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), an isoform of SOD that is exclusively expressed in the intracellular mitochondrial matrix, plays a crucial role in oxidative resistance against mitochondrial superoxide. Superoxides 189-199 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 24-28 31679459-2 2020 Through inactivation of the Vitamin B12 dependent enzyme, methionine synthase, N2O can lead to the development of peripheral neuropathy. Superoxides 79-82 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase Homo sapiens 58-77 31950451-6 2020 After 12 h or 24 h of refusion, the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly inhibited, accompanied by NOX2 protein increase within MCAO rat infarct area. Superoxides 36-46 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 116-120 31894837-5 2020 CFTR overexpression could inhibit the pulmonary endothelial cell apoptosis, reduce the levels of glutathione (GSH), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) and increase the values of superoxide dismutase (SOD), GSH peroxidase (GSH-Px), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). Superoxides 200-210 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator Mus musculus 0-4 32010784-3 2020 Although CD11b+Gr-1+Sca-1+ cells have impaired migratory capacity and superoxide anion-producing activity, they secrete increased levels of several cytokines and chemokines compared to Sca-1- counterparts. Superoxides 70-86 integrin subunit alpha M Homo sapiens 9-14 31854436-2 2020 The diphenate ligand dip2- adopts different coordination modes, mixtures of kappa2-O,O"-chelation by individual carboxylate groups, chelation involving both carboxylate groups, and bridging, resulting in different associations of the cations present. Superoxides 76-87 disco interacting protein 2 homolog A Homo sapiens 21-25 31812669-12 2020 In parallel, QSOX1-induced proliferation was independent of its redox activity, although mediated by intracellular superoxide. Superoxides 115-125 quiescin sulfhydryl oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 13-18 31734363-4 2020 C. albicans treated with Mo-CBP2 also had catalase and peroxidase activities inhibited, while superoxide dismutase was increased. Superoxides 94-104 serpin family H member 1 Homo sapiens 28-32 32021440-9 2020 Also, CA6-generated ROS inhibited Akt and activated forkhead O3A (FoxO3a), causing cytotoxicity in gastric cancer cells. Superoxides 61-64 forkhead box O3 Mus musculus 66-72 31264901-3 2020 OBJECTIVES: We tested the hypothesis that Src/epidermal growth factor receptor signaling mediates enhanced vasoconstrictor sensitivity following chronic hypoxia through NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide generation. Superoxides 191-201 SRC proto-oncogene, non-receptor tyrosine kinase Rattus norvegicus 42-45 31264901-3 2020 OBJECTIVES: We tested the hypothesis that Src/epidermal growth factor receptor signaling mediates enhanced vasoconstrictor sensitivity following chronic hypoxia through NADPH oxidase-derived superoxide generation. Superoxides 191-201 epidermal growth factor receptor Rattus norvegicus 46-78 31264901-8 2020 Consistently, chronic hypoxia augmented endothelin-1-induced superoxide production through epidermal growth factor receptor signaling, and rats treated chronically with gefitinib displayed reduced right ventricular pressure and diminished arterial remodeling. Superoxides 61-71 epidermal growth factor receptor Rattus norvegicus 91-123 31760771-11 2020 We conclude: 1) angiotensin II causes oxidative stress in proximal tubules by increasing O2- production by NOX4 and decreasing GSH; and 2) dietary fructose enhances angiotensin II"s ability to stimulate O2- and diminish GSH thereby exacerbating oxidative stress. Superoxides 89-91 NADPH oxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 107-111 32013346-9 2020 The estimation of macrophage phagocytosis rate of VitD~dgVDBP (5,864.3 +/- 742.2 cps) was significantly higher compared to dgVDBP (2,789.6 +/- 102.7 cps; p < 0.01) and VDBP (1,134.3 +/- 135.9 cps) whereas the production of macrophage superoxide anion radicals showed significantly higher levels of dgVDBP (255.3 +/- 14.5 cps) in comparison to VDBP (148.6 +/- 24.7 cps, p < 0.01) and VitD~dgVDBP (142.3 +/- 20.0 cps; p < 0.001). Superoxides 234-250 GC vitamin D binding protein Homo sapiens 57-61 31697642-7 2020 Further, miR-375 reduced O2 consumption related to glycolysis and pyruvate metabolism, but not in response to alpha-ketoisocaproate. Superoxides 25-27 microRNA 375 Rattus norvegicus 9-16 31729000-2 2020 The O2 molecules consumed are reduced by electrons delivered by a membrane localized NADPH-oxidase that initially generate one- and two electron reduced superoxide anions (O2 -) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), respectively. Superoxides 153-170 2,4-dienoyl-CoA reductase 1 Homo sapiens 85-90 31729001-1 2020 The superoxide (O2 -)-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes comprises a membrane-associated heterodimeric flavocytochrome, known as cytochrome b 558 (consisting of NOX2 and p22phox) and four cytosolic regulatory proteins, p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 4-14 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 142-154 31729001-1 2020 The superoxide (O2 -)-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes comprises a membrane-associated heterodimeric flavocytochrome, known as cytochrome b 558 (consisting of NOX2 and p22phox) and four cytosolic regulatory proteins, p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 4-14 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 174-178 31729001-1 2020 The superoxide (O2 -)-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes comprises a membrane-associated heterodimeric flavocytochrome, known as cytochrome b 558 (consisting of NOX2 and p22phox) and four cytosolic regulatory proteins, p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 4-14 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 232-239 31729001-1 2020 The superoxide (O2 -)-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes comprises a membrane-associated heterodimeric flavocytochrome, known as cytochrome b 558 (consisting of NOX2 and p22phox) and four cytosolic regulatory proteins, p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 16-18 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 142-154 31729001-1 2020 The superoxide (O2 -)-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes comprises a membrane-associated heterodimeric flavocytochrome, known as cytochrome b 558 (consisting of NOX2 and p22phox) and four cytosolic regulatory proteins, p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 16-18 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 174-178 31729001-1 2020 The superoxide (O2 -)-generating NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes comprises a membrane-associated heterodimeric flavocytochrome, known as cytochrome b 558 (consisting of NOX2 and p22phox) and four cytosolic regulatory proteins, p47phox, p67phox, p40phox, and the small GTPase Rac. Superoxides 16-18 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 232-239 31868116-1 2020 Aim: Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) immobilized on gold nanoparticles (AuNP) and silver nanoparticles (AgNP) nanoparticles were used to reduce UV radiation-induced oxidative stress in rat skin. Superoxides 5-15 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 27-30 31560934-5 2019 Mechanistically, activated MLKL targets mitochondria and triggers excessive generation of mitochondrial superoxide, which promotes AIF translocation into nucleus via causing mitochondrial depolarization and aggravates gamma-H2AX formation via improving intracellular accumulation of ROS. Superoxides 104-114 apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 1 Homo sapiens 131-134 31882813-5 2019 Besides, Mn-TAT PTD-Ngb activated the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling pathway, which up-regulated the expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT). Superoxides 199-209 neuroglobin Homo sapiens 20-23 31746191-7 2019 As such, the study not only demonstrates a "coupled" mechanism for O2 activation by binuclear cop-per monooxygenases, but also deciphers the full catalytic cycle of PHM and DbetaM in accord with the available experimental data. Superoxides 67-69 peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase Homo sapiens 165-168 31639106-7 2019 Mitochondria from TGF-beta1-treated Pink1-/- BMDMs exhibited increased superoxide levels, along with reduced respiration and ATP production. Superoxides 71-81 PTEN induced kinase 1 Homo sapiens 36-41 31602731-3 2019 ADR is equipped with chemiluminescence and near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) signaling channels that can be activated by oxidative stress (superoxide anion, O2 .- ) and lysosomal damage (N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase, NAG), respectively. Superoxides 139-155 neuroblastoma amplified sequence Mus musculus 220-223 31692128-2 2019 Here, a red blood cell membrane (mRBC)-camouflaged hollow MnO2 (HMnO2 ) catalytic nanosystem embedded with lactate oxidase (LOX) and a glycolysis inhibitor (denoted as PMLR) is constructed for intra/extracellular lactic acid exhaustion as well as synergistic metabolic therapy and immunotherapy of tumor. Superoxides 60-62 lysyl oxidase Homo sapiens 124-127 31560926-8 2019 In cultured HRECs, PRP-Exos induced the production of malonyldialdehyde(MDA) and reactive oxygen species(ROS) and inhibited the activity of superoxide dismutase(SOD). Superoxides 140-150 proline rich protein 2-like 1 Rattus norvegicus 19-22 31580948-0 2019 Uncoupled human flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 releases superoxide radical in addition to hydrogen peroxide. Superoxides 59-69 flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3 Homo sapiens 16-49 31580948-5 2019 For the first time, we were able to follow the production of the superoxide radical in hFMO3, which was found to account for 13-18% of the total uncoupling of this human enzyme. Superoxides 65-75 flavin containing dimethylaniline monoxygenase 3 Homo sapiens 87-92 31747128-1 2019 Glucose oxidase (GOx) can react with intracellular glucose and oxygen (O2 ) to produce hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and gluconic acid, which can cut off the nutrition source of cancer cells and consequently inhibit their proliferation. Superoxides 71-73 hydroxyacid oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 0-15 31747128-1 2019 Glucose oxidase (GOx) can react with intracellular glucose and oxygen (O2 ) to produce hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) and gluconic acid, which can cut off the nutrition source of cancer cells and consequently inhibit their proliferation. Superoxides 71-73 hydroxyacid oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 17-20 32198338-8 2019 The order of active species affecting the photocatalytic degradation of TC by mpg-C3N4-ZIF-8 was hole > superoxide radical > hydroxyl radical. Superoxides 104-122 N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase Homo sapiens 78-81 31710352-4 2019 Here, we found that hypoxia, as modeled by 1% O2 or exposure to the hypoxia-mimetic reagent desferrioxamine (DFO) has strong inductive effects on the expression of CXCL13 and CXCR5, a CXCL13 receptor, in both undifferentiated and differentiated adipocytes and in organ-cultured white adipose tissue (WAT). Superoxides 46-48 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 Mus musculus 164-170 31710352-4 2019 Here, we found that hypoxia, as modeled by 1% O2 or exposure to the hypoxia-mimetic reagent desferrioxamine (DFO) has strong inductive effects on the expression of CXCL13 and CXCR5, a CXCL13 receptor, in both undifferentiated and differentiated adipocytes and in organ-cultured white adipose tissue (WAT). Superoxides 46-48 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 13 Mus musculus 184-190 31595750-2 2019 Among these M1/PTA SACs, Os1/PTA SAC possesses high activity for N2O reduction by H2 with a relevant low rate-determining barrier. Superoxides 65-68 frizzled related protein Homo sapiens 25-28 31595750-3 2019 The favorable catalytic pathway involves the first and second N2O decomposition over the Os1/PTA SAC and hydrogenation of the key species after the second N2O decomposition. Superoxides 62-65 frizzled related protein Homo sapiens 89-92 31595750-3 2019 The favorable catalytic pathway involves the first and second N2O decomposition over the Os1/PTA SAC and hydrogenation of the key species after the second N2O decomposition. Superoxides 155-158 frizzled related protein Homo sapiens 89-92 31389735-8 2019 Scavenging superoxide (0.5muM TEMPO or mitoTEMPO) maintained the expression of contractile phenotype proteins Calponin and SM22alpha decreased by 48hrs hypoxia (1% oxygen). Superoxides 11-21 transgelin Bos taurus 123-132 31325723-2 2019 NADPH oxidase type 2 (NOX2) is a respiratory burst oxidase that generates large amounts of superoxide anion (O2 -) and subsequent other reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxides 91-107 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 0-20 31325723-2 2019 NADPH oxidase type 2 (NOX2) is a respiratory burst oxidase that generates large amounts of superoxide anion (O2 -) and subsequent other reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxides 91-107 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 22-26 31091128-0 2019 Superoxide increases surface NKCC2 in the rat thick ascending limbs via PKC. Superoxides 0-10 solute carrier family 12 member 1 Rattus norvegicus 29-34 31091128-2 2019 The free radical superoxide ( O2- ) stimulates TAL NaCl absorption by enhancing NKCC2 activity. Superoxides 17-27 solute carrier family 12 member 1 Rattus norvegicus 80-85 31091128-2 2019 The free radical superoxide ( O2- ) stimulates TAL NaCl absorption by enhancing NKCC2 activity. Superoxides 30-32 solute carrier family 12 member 1 Rattus norvegicus 80-85 31091128-5 2019 We hypothesized that O2- stimulates NKCC2 activity by enhancing apical surface NKCC2 expression. Superoxides 21-23 solute carrier family 12 member 1 Rattus norvegicus 36-41 30952549-8 2019 Furthermore, with >=24 minutes of ischemia, superoxide production by nitric oxide synthase and peroxynitrite levels were significantly increased compared with non-ischemic hearts, suggesting endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) uncoupling (p <0.05 for both). Superoxides 44-54 nitric oxide synthase 3 Rattus norvegicus 191-224 30963327-0 2019 Over-expression of Isu1p and Jac1p increases the ethanol tolerance and yield by superoxide and iron homeostasis mechanism in an engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. Superoxides 80-90 iron-binding protein ISU1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 19-24 30963327-0 2019 Over-expression of Isu1p and Jac1p increases the ethanol tolerance and yield by superoxide and iron homeostasis mechanism in an engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. Superoxides 80-90 J-type chaperone JAC1 Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 29-34 29170064-3 2019 PON2 and PON3 are intracellular enzymes which modulate mitochondrial superoxide anion production and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis. Superoxides 69-85 paraoxonase 2 Homo sapiens 0-4 29170064-3 2019 PON2 and PON3 are intracellular enzymes which modulate mitochondrial superoxide anion production and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis. Superoxides 69-85 paraoxonase 3 Homo sapiens 9-13 31118451-9 2019 NOX1 levels were significantly increased in endothelial cells followed by increased superoxide production within 4 hours of blast. Superoxides 84-94 NADPH oxidase 1 Rattus norvegicus 0-4 30935113-8 2019 Unexpectedly, however, elevated ACSL-5 expression increased mitochondrial superoxide production (+30%), which was associated with a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in insulin-stimulated p-Akt and p-AS160 protein levels. Superoxides 74-84 acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 5 Homo sapiens 32-38 30889865-5 2019 We propose a novel hypothesis that ER-alpha36-GPER signaling initially induces rapid and temporal activation of NADPH oxidase 1 to generate superoxide, which subsequently activates redox-sensitive neutral sphingomyelinase 2 generating the lipid signaling mediator ceramide. Superoxides 140-150 G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 Homo sapiens 46-50 30623799-6 2019 NRP1 loss reduces ABCB8 levels, resulting in iron accumulation, iron-induced mitochondrial superoxide production, and iron-dependent EC senescence. Superoxides 91-101 ATP binding cassette subfamily B member 8 Homo sapiens 18-23 30044122-8 2019 Depletion of ATF4 and p22phox diminished the levels of superoxide and H2O2 under ER stress conditions. Superoxides 55-65 activating transcription factor 4 Homo sapiens 13-17 31657686-0 2019 Targeting Hypertension: Superoxide anions are involved in apelin-induced long-term high blood pressure and sympathetic activity in the paraventricular nucleus. Superoxides 24-34 apelin Rattus norvegicus 58-64 31657686-6 2019 RESULTS: Infusion of apelin into PVN of Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats induced chronic increases in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), plasma norepinephrine (NE) level, maximal depressor response to hexamethonium (Hex), NAD(P)H oxidase activity, superoxide anions levels, and Nox4 expression. Superoxides 297-307 apelin Rattus norvegicus 21-27 31172469-3 2019 In a flavin-dependent fashion, cytochrome b558 shuttles electrons from cytoplasmic NADPH across membranes to molecular oxygen and thereby generates superoxide anion. Superoxides 148-164 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 31-43 31172470-6 2019 NOX3 constitutively produces superoxide, which is enhanced by regulatory proteins such as p47phox, NOXO1, and p67phox. Superoxides 29-39 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 90-97 29417337-3 2018 Ang II treatment of aortic VSMC augmented the levels of superoxide anion (O2-), NADPH oxidase activity, and the expression of NADPH oxidase subunits and C-ANP4-23 treatment attenuated all these to control levels. Superoxides 56-72 angiogenin Rattus norvegicus 0-3 29417337-3 2018 Ang II treatment of aortic VSMC augmented the levels of superoxide anion (O2-), NADPH oxidase activity, and the expression of NADPH oxidase subunits and C-ANP4-23 treatment attenuated all these to control levels. Superoxides 74-76 angiogenin Rattus norvegicus 0-3 30099546-3 2018 Superoxide production was investigated in human embryonic kidney (HEK)-293 cells stably overexpressing the TSHR. Superoxides 0-10 thyroid stimulating hormone receptor Homo sapiens 107-111 30099546-9 2018 M22 (P = 0.0082), bovine TSH (P = 0.0028), and sera of hyperthyroid patients with GD (P < 0.05) increased superoxide-specific 2-hydroxyethidium levels in HEK-293 TSHR cells after 48-hour incubation vs control subjects. Superoxides 109-119 thyroid stimulating hormone receptor Homo sapiens 165-169 29775122-2 2018 The MnSOD enzymatic activity, a key enzyme on oxidative stress control, is reduced by superoxide-induced nitration. Superoxides 86-96 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 4-9 29492849-3 2018 Mechanistically, neuroprotective effects elicited by PGE2 were mediated by the inhibition of microglial NOX2, a major superoxide-producing enzyme. Superoxides 118-128 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 104-108 29492849-4 2018 This conclusion was supported by (1) the close relationship between inhibition of superoxide and PGE2-induced neuroprotective effects; (2) the mediation of PGE2-induced reduction of superoxide and neuroprotection via direct inhibition of the catalytic subunit of NOX2, gp91phox, rather than through the inhibition of conventional prostaglandin E2 receptors; and (3) abolishment of the neuroprotective effect of PGE2 in NOX2-deficient cultures. Superoxides 82-92 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 263-267 29492849-4 2018 This conclusion was supported by (1) the close relationship between inhibition of superoxide and PGE2-induced neuroprotective effects; (2) the mediation of PGE2-induced reduction of superoxide and neuroprotection via direct inhibition of the catalytic subunit of NOX2, gp91phox, rather than through the inhibition of conventional prostaglandin E2 receptors; and (3) abolishment of the neuroprotective effect of PGE2 in NOX2-deficient cultures. Superoxides 82-92 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 269-277 29492849-4 2018 This conclusion was supported by (1) the close relationship between inhibition of superoxide and PGE2-induced neuroprotective effects; (2) the mediation of PGE2-induced reduction of superoxide and neuroprotection via direct inhibition of the catalytic subunit of NOX2, gp91phox, rather than through the inhibition of conventional prostaglandin E2 receptors; and (3) abolishment of the neuroprotective effect of PGE2 in NOX2-deficient cultures. Superoxides 82-92 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 419-423 29492849-4 2018 This conclusion was supported by (1) the close relationship between inhibition of superoxide and PGE2-induced neuroprotective effects; (2) the mediation of PGE2-induced reduction of superoxide and neuroprotection via direct inhibition of the catalytic subunit of NOX2, gp91phox, rather than through the inhibition of conventional prostaglandin E2 receptors; and (3) abolishment of the neuroprotective effect of PGE2 in NOX2-deficient cultures. Superoxides 182-192 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 263-267 29492849-4 2018 This conclusion was supported by (1) the close relationship between inhibition of superoxide and PGE2-induced neuroprotective effects; (2) the mediation of PGE2-induced reduction of superoxide and neuroprotection via direct inhibition of the catalytic subunit of NOX2, gp91phox, rather than through the inhibition of conventional prostaglandin E2 receptors; and (3) abolishment of the neuroprotective effect of PGE2 in NOX2-deficient cultures. Superoxides 182-192 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 269-277 29492849-4 2018 This conclusion was supported by (1) the close relationship between inhibition of superoxide and PGE2-induced neuroprotective effects; (2) the mediation of PGE2-induced reduction of superoxide and neuroprotection via direct inhibition of the catalytic subunit of NOX2, gp91phox, rather than through the inhibition of conventional prostaglandin E2 receptors; and (3) abolishment of the neuroprotective effect of PGE2 in NOX2-deficient cultures. Superoxides 182-192 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 419-423 30309503-7 2018 Our results showed that administration of 100muM of H2O2 on HUVECs for 2, 6, 12 and 24 h induced a time-dependent increase in ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 mRNA and protein expression levels with a significant increase observed from 6 h. HUVECs exposed to H2O2 exhibit increased O2-, suggesting that H2O2 induced oxidative stress may be a reasonable for atherosclerosis. Superoxides 54-56 intercellular adhesion molecule 1 Homo sapiens 126-132 30183770-6 2018 Up-regulation of the activities and transcript levels of APX, GR, MDHAR and DHAR in the DCPTA treatments contributed to the increases in ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) levels and inhibited the increased generation rate of superoxide anion radicals (O2 -), the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the electrolyte leakage (EL) induced by drought. Superoxides 229-254 APx1-Cytosolic Ascorbate Peroxidase Zea mays 57-60 30183770-6 2018 Up-regulation of the activities and transcript levels of APX, GR, MDHAR and DHAR in the DCPTA treatments contributed to the increases in ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH) levels and inhibited the increased generation rate of superoxide anion radicals (O2 -), the contents of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and the electrolyte leakage (EL) induced by drought. Superoxides 256-260 APx1-Cytosolic Ascorbate Peroxidase Zea mays 57-60 30085078-7 2018 On the other hand, similar to ascorbic acid, OLE1 overexpression significantly reduced the levels of superoxide radical, carbonyl protein and lipid peroxidation. Superoxides 101-119 stearoyl-CoA 9-desaturase Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C 45-49 29605448-4 2018 This process consumes large amounts of oxygen, which is converted into the highly-reactive superoxide radical O2- and H2O2. Superoxides 91-109 immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39 Homo sapiens 110-122 29878401-4 2018 Additionally, inhibition of BRD4 using small interfering RNA or JQ1 (a selective potent chemical inhibitor) led to repression of H2 O2 -induced oxidative stress, as revealed by a decrease in the reactive oxygen species production accompanied by a decreased malondialdehyde content, along with increased activities of antioxidant markers superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase on exposure of chondrocytes to H2 O2 . Superoxides 337-347 bromodomain containing 4 Rattus norvegicus 28-32 29992759-4 2018 Kallistatin blocked H2 O2 -induced superoxide formation, NADPH oxidase levels and VCAM-1, ICAM-1, IL-6 and miR-34a synthesis. Superoxides 35-45 serpin family A member 4 Homo sapiens 0-11 29575122-7 2018 In high glucose-exposed H9c2 cells, melatonin treatment increased the expression of SIRT1 and PGC-1alpha and inhibited Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission and mitochondria-derived superoxide production. Superoxides 180-190 dynamin 1-like Rattus norvegicus 119-123 30181899-3 2018 Here we show that postsynaptic superoxide generation through PKCzeta-activated NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) is critical for long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic transmission in the CA1-Shaffer collateral synapse of the rat hippocampus. Superoxides 31-41 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 79-94 30181899-3 2018 Here we show that postsynaptic superoxide generation through PKCzeta-activated NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) is critical for long-term depression (LTD) of synaptic transmission in the CA1-Shaffer collateral synapse of the rat hippocampus. Superoxides 31-41 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 96-100 30025448-18 2018 HCy-SeH further provides a new information that, even when intracellular Hg2+ has been antagonized, the outbreak of O2 - caused by mercury poisoning still lasts. Superoxides 116-118 epoxide hydrolase 2, cytoplasmic Mus musculus 4-7 30135489-7 2018 Furthermore, we found that argirein blocked the endothelin (ET)-1/Nox4 signal-dependent superoxide (O2-.) Superoxides 88-98 NADPH oxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 66-70 30135489-7 2018 Furthermore, we found that argirein blocked the endothelin (ET)-1/Nox4 signal-dependent superoxide (O2-.) Superoxides 100-102 NADPH oxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 66-70 29775863-9 2018 Importantly, the partial suppression of symptomless nonhost resistance of barley to wheat powdery mildew by heat shock (49 C, 45 s) and antioxidant (SOD and catalase) treatments points to a functional role of superoxide in symptomless (type I) nonhost resistance. Superoxides 210-220 SOD Triticum aestivum 150-166 29524539-2 2018 Macrophage cells use the NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX2) enzymatic complex as a first line of defense against pathogens by generating superoxide ions O2- and releasing H2O2. Superoxides 125-135 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 25-40 29524539-2 2018 Macrophage cells use the NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX2) enzymatic complex as a first line of defense against pathogens by generating superoxide ions O2- and releasing H2O2. Superoxides 125-135 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 42-46 29524539-2 2018 Macrophage cells use the NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX2) enzymatic complex as a first line of defense against pathogens by generating superoxide ions O2- and releasing H2O2. Superoxides 141-143 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 25-40 29524539-2 2018 Macrophage cells use the NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX2) enzymatic complex as a first line of defense against pathogens by generating superoxide ions O2- and releasing H2O2. Superoxides 141-143 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 42-46 29632528-9 2018 Additional mechanistic studies identified NADPH oxidase 2 (Nox2) and intracellular superoxide anion as important players in DC macropinocytosis of antigens downstream of PKCdelta activation. Superoxides 83-99 protein kinase C, delta Mus musculus 170-178 29670693-5 2018 Inhibitors of TrxR-1, which act through this mechanism, convert TrxR-1 into a SecTRAP, which utilizes NADPH to reduce oxygen to superoxide radical anion (O2- ). Superoxides 128-152 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 14-20 29670693-5 2018 Inhibitors of TrxR-1, which act through this mechanism, convert TrxR-1 into a SecTRAP, which utilizes NADPH to reduce oxygen to superoxide radical anion (O2- ). Superoxides 128-152 thioredoxin reductase 1 Homo sapiens 64-70 29313986-12 2018 PKD-dependent phosphorylation of DLP1 initiates DLP1 association with the OMM, which then enhances mitochondrial fragmentation, mitochondrial superoxide generation, mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening and apoptotic signalling. Superoxides 142-152 protein kinase D1 Mus musculus 0-3 29313986-12 2018 PKD-dependent phosphorylation of DLP1 initiates DLP1 association with the OMM, which then enhances mitochondrial fragmentation, mitochondrial superoxide generation, mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening and apoptotic signalling. Superoxides 142-152 dynamin 1-like Rattus norvegicus 33-37 29313986-12 2018 PKD-dependent phosphorylation of DLP1 initiates DLP1 association with the OMM, which then enhances mitochondrial fragmentation, mitochondrial superoxide generation, mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening and apoptotic signalling. Superoxides 142-152 dynamin 1-like Rattus norvegicus 48-52 29195919-0 2018 S-Glutathionylation of p47phox sustains superoxide generation in activated neutrophils. Superoxides 40-50 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 23-30 29955206-10 2018 AEM-2 significantly reduced mitochondrial superoxide formation, prevented the LPS-induced decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential and attenuated the release of cytochrome c. Superoxides 42-52 anti-erythrocyte autoantibody modifier 2 Mus musculus 0-5 28916473-7 2017 Interestingly after activation, NOX2-NIS3 cells exhibited superoxide overproduction compared with wild-type cells. Superoxides 58-68 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 32-36 28916473-12 2017 Thus, the absence of Ser486 in NIS3 could explain the superoxide overproduction in the NOX2-NIS3 mutant. Superoxides 54-64 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 87-91 28942246-16 2017 Taken together, these studies demonstrate that HNF1b plays an essential role in controlling hepatic TG homeostasis and insulin sensitivity by regulating DPP4/NOX1mediated generation of superoxide. Superoxides 185-195 HNF1 homeobox B Mus musculus 47-52 28303482-1 2017 BACKGROUND: Extracellular superoxide dismutase (ECSOD) protects nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability by decreasing superoxide levels and preventing peroxynitrite generation, which is important in maintaining renal blood flow and in preventing acute kidney injury. Superoxides 26-36 superoxide dismutase 3 Rattus norvegicus 48-53 28697922-6 2017 Interestingly, we observed that the intracellular NAG-1 protein induced by GL-V9 could, at least in part, localize in mitochondria where it might affect protein expression, thereby resulting in dissipation of mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) and accumulation of mitochondrial superoxide, eventually facilitating to apoptosis events. Superoxides 281-291 growth differentiation factor 15 Homo sapiens 50-55 28733324-0 2017 NADPH oxidase-2 derived superoxide drives mitochondrial transfer from bone marrow stromal cells to leukemic blasts. Superoxides 24-34 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 0-15 28733324-4 2017 Here we report that in human AML, NOX2 generates superoxide, which stimulates bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) to AML blast transfer of mitochondria through AML-derived tunneling nanotubes. Superoxides 49-59 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 34-38 28833480-2 2017 NADPH oxidase (NOX), and mainly the NOX2 isoform, produces superoxide anions (O2 - ). Superoxides 59-76 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 36-40 28833480-2 2017 NADPH oxidase (NOX), and mainly the NOX2 isoform, produces superoxide anions (O2 - ). Superoxides 78-80 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 36-40 28600985-12 2017 In conclusions, hyperinsulinemia may reduce FID via inducing Nox2-mediated superoxide production in microvascular endothelial cells which reduce the availability of NO and enhances peroxynitrite formation. Superoxides 75-85 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 61-65 28129719-8 2017 INNOVATION: Real-time changes of mitochondrial H2O2 and GSH in tissue cultures during early RP, and also during controlled production of superoxide and peroxide, reveal significant differences between CA1 and CA3. Superoxides 137-147 carbonic anhydrase 1 Homo sapiens 201-204 28724632-1 2017 Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a ubiquitous antioxidant enzyme that catalytically converts the superoxide radical to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Superoxides 94-112 Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Caenorhabditis elegans 22-25 28499910-0 2017 SPARC paucity alleviates superoxide-mediated oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy in diabetogenic hepatocytes. Superoxides 25-35 secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich Rattus norvegicus 0-5 28499910-6 2017 In addition, Nox4-dependent superoxide generation contributed to increased expression of SPARC, and this was inhibited by tiron and pharmacological or genetic inactivation of Nox4-containing NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 28-38 NADPH oxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 13-17 28499910-6 2017 In addition, Nox4-dependent superoxide generation contributed to increased expression of SPARC, and this was inhibited by tiron and pharmacological or genetic inactivation of Nox4-containing NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 28-38 secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich Rattus norvegicus 89-94 28499910-6 2017 In addition, Nox4-dependent superoxide generation contributed to increased expression of SPARC, and this was inhibited by tiron and pharmacological or genetic inactivation of Nox4-containing NADPH oxidase. Superoxides 28-38 NADPH oxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 175-179 28499910-7 2017 Remarkably, SPARC deficiency inhibited diabetic stimuli-induced elevation of superoxide production and resolved salient features of hepatocyte damage such as impaired cytoprotection, inflammation, apoptosis, and autophagy. Superoxides 77-87 secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich Rattus norvegicus 12-17 28499910-8 2017 At the same time, links between SPARC, integrin-beta1, Nox4-derived superoxide, and JNK signaling provide a basis for these phenotypes. Superoxides 68-78 secreted protein acidic and cysteine rich Rattus norvegicus 32-37 28499910-8 2017 At the same time, links between SPARC, integrin-beta1, Nox4-derived superoxide, and JNK signaling provide a basis for these phenotypes. Superoxides 68-78 NADPH oxidase 4 Rattus norvegicus 55-59 28263293-4 2017 AOPP challenge rapidly increased the production of intracellular superoxide by activation of NADPH oxidases, demonstrated by p47phox translocation and interaction with p22phox and gp91phox, and this in turn led to apoptosis. Superoxides 65-75 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Rattus norvegicus 180-188 28274989-5 2017 NADPH oxidase activators or ROS donors alone did not result in GM-CSF secretion; however, additional superoxide supply augmented MALP-2-induced GM-CSF secretion and restored GM-CSF levels after NADPH oxidase inhibition. Superoxides 101-111 colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage) Mus musculus 144-150 28274989-5 2017 NADPH oxidase activators or ROS donors alone did not result in GM-CSF secretion; however, additional superoxide supply augmented MALP-2-induced GM-CSF secretion and restored GM-CSF levels after NADPH oxidase inhibition. Superoxides 101-111 colony stimulating factor 2 (granulocyte-macrophage) Mus musculus 144-150 28542246-0 2017 A drastic superoxide-dependent oxidative stress is prerequisite for the down-regulation of IRP1: Insights from studies on SOD1-deficient mice and macrophages treated with paraquat. Superoxides 10-20 aconitase 1 Mus musculus 91-95 28542246-2 2017 Superoxide radical (O2.-) converts IRP1 from a [4Fe-4S] aconitase to a [3Fe-4S] "null" form possessing neither aconitase nor trans-regulatory activity. Superoxides 0-18 aconitase 1 Mus musculus 35-39 28542246-2 2017 Superoxide radical (O2.-) converts IRP1 from a [4Fe-4S] aconitase to a [3Fe-4S] "null" form possessing neither aconitase nor trans-regulatory activity. Superoxides 20-22 aconitase 1 Mus musculus 35-39 28542246-3 2017 Genetic ablation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), an antioxidant enzyme that acts to reduce O2.- concentration, revealed a new O2.--dependent regulation of IRP1 leading to the reduction of IRP1 protein level and in consequence to the diminution of IRP1 enzymatic and IRE-binding activities. Superoxides 93-95 aconitase 1 Mus musculus 157-161 28542246-3 2017 Genetic ablation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), an antioxidant enzyme that acts to reduce O2.- concentration, revealed a new O2.--dependent regulation of IRP1 leading to the reduction of IRP1 protein level and in consequence to the diminution of IRP1 enzymatic and IRE-binding activities. Superoxides 93-95 aconitase 1 Mus musculus 190-194 28542246-3 2017 Genetic ablation of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), an antioxidant enzyme that acts to reduce O2.- concentration, revealed a new O2.--dependent regulation of IRP1 leading to the reduction of IRP1 protein level and in consequence to the diminution of IRP1 enzymatic and IRE-binding activities. Superoxides 93-95 aconitase 1 Mus musculus 190-194 28242228-9 2017 S-glutathionylation catalysts diamide and disulfiram significantly reduced pyruvate or 2-oxoglutarate driven O2 -/ H2O2 production in liver mitochondria, results that were confirmed using various Pdh, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (Ogdh), and respiratory chain inhibitors. Superoxides 109-111 oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate) dehydrogenase (lipoamide) Mus musculus 201-229 28242228-9 2017 S-glutathionylation catalysts diamide and disulfiram significantly reduced pyruvate or 2-oxoglutarate driven O2 -/ H2O2 production in liver mitochondria, results that were confirmed using various Pdh, 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (Ogdh), and respiratory chain inhibitors. Superoxides 109-111 oxoglutarate (alpha-ketoglutarate) dehydrogenase (lipoamide) Mus musculus 231-235 28368370-7 2017 MnSOD vectors suppressed the upregulated mitochondrial superoxide, and endoplasmic reticulum stress markers (glucose-related protein 78 (GRP78) and activating transcription factor 6 alpha (ATF6alpha)) in the PAG induced by MW. Superoxides 55-65 superoxide dismutase 2 Rattus norvegicus 0-5 28032259-0 2017 Role of the NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase NQR and the cytochrome b AIR12 in controlling superoxide generation at the plasma membrane. Superoxides 89-99 ARP protein (REF) Arabidopsis thaliana 43-46 28032259-0 2017 Role of the NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase NQR and the cytochrome b AIR12 in controlling superoxide generation at the plasma membrane. Superoxides 89-99 LOC100797098 Glycine max 55-67 28322326-3 2017 Here, we show superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1), an enzyme that converts superoxide into less toxic hydrogen peroxide and oxygen, functions in the gustatory neuron ASER to mediate C. elegans pathogen avoidance response. Superoxides 14-24 Superoxide dismutase [Cu-Zn] Caenorhabditis elegans 38-43 28240310-4 2017 Real time PCR, western blot and knock down assays demonstrate that IL-27 is able to enhance the potential of superoxide production not only during differentiation but also in terminally differentiated-macrophages and immature dendritic cells (iDC) in association with the induction of p47phox, a cytosolic component of the ROS producing enzyme, NADPH oxidase, and the increase in amounts of phosphorylated p47phox upon stimulation. Superoxides 109-119 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 285-292 28240310-4 2017 Real time PCR, western blot and knock down assays demonstrate that IL-27 is able to enhance the potential of superoxide production not only during differentiation but also in terminally differentiated-macrophages and immature dendritic cells (iDC) in association with the induction of p47phox, a cytosolic component of the ROS producing enzyme, NADPH oxidase, and the increase in amounts of phosphorylated p47phox upon stimulation. Superoxides 109-119 neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 Homo sapiens 406-413 28755362-4 2017 The Cytb 558 is the membrane catalytic core of the NADPH oxidase complex, through which the reducing equivalent provided by NADPH is transferred via the associated prosthetic groups (one flavin and two hemes) to reduce dioxygen into superoxide anion. Superoxides 233-249 mitochondrially encoded cytochrome b Homo sapiens 4-8 27854077-6 2017 Enforced expression of PHB in ISO-treated H9c2 cells suppressed cellular ROS production with mitochondrial superoxide generation and enhanced the mitochondrial membrane potential resulting in suppression of oxidative stress which likely offered potent cellular protection, led to the availability of more healthy cells, and also, significant constitutive activation of Gsk-3beta via inactivation of Akt was observed. Superoxides 107-117 prohibitin 1 Rattus norvegicus 23-26 27830987-4 2016 Since AOX indirectly, is able to control the synthesis of important signaling molecules like hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, nitric oxide, thus it is also helping in stress signaling. Superoxides 112-122 acyl-CoA oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 6-9 27694440-5 2016 In cells in which TRPM2 was depleted, mitochondrial superoxide production was significantly increased, particularly following doxorubicin. Superoxides 52-62 transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 2 Homo sapiens 18-23 27437916-0 2016 17-beta-estradiol Decreases Neutrophil Superoxide Production through Rac1. Superoxides 39-49 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 69-73 27437916-7 2016 The newly identified pathway involved largely second messengers from previously described non-genomic estrogen effects and affected superoxide production via Rac1 - an important regulator of free radical production and chemotaxis. Superoxides 132-142 Rac family small GTPase 1 Homo sapiens 158-162 27453505-6 2016 We treated neutrophils with extracellular superoxide and observed NET DNA release, histone H3 citrullination, and increased levels of MPO-DNA complexes occurring in a TLR-4 dependent manner. Superoxides 42-52 myeloperoxidase Mus musculus 134-137 27474077-0 2016 NADPH Oxidase-Derived Superoxide Provides a Third Signal for CD4 T Cell Effector Responses. Superoxides 22-32 CD4 antigen Mus musculus 61-64 27091647-3 2016 As an alternative approach, we analyzed ex vivo neutrophilic superoxide inhibition in response to beta2 AR stimulation. Superoxides 61-71 adrenoceptor beta 2 Homo sapiens 98-106 27091647-5 2016 Furthermore, we assessed effects of genetic variants in beta2 AR by sequencing the ADRB2 gene in our cohort and relating genotypes to beta2 AR-mediated neutrophilic superoxide inhibition. Superoxides 165-175 adrenoceptor beta 2 Homo sapiens 134-142 27225894-6 2016 Treatment with a noneffective dose of rosuvastatin (0.5 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) plus a low dose of C21 (1 mug kg(-1) day(-1)) inhibited the PCNA labeling index, superoxide anion production, mRNA expressions of NAD(P)H subunits, and mRNA and protein expressions of inflammatory markers associated with marked inhibition of neointima formation. Superoxides 156-172 proliferating cell nuclear antigen Mus musculus 135-139 27040821-8 2016 Superoxide production, zinc translocation and microglia activation similarly showed a marked increase in the EAAC1 (-/-) mice. Superoxides 0-10 solute carrier family 1 (neuronal/epithelial high affinity glutamate transporter, system Xag), member 1 Mus musculus 109-114 27094492-3 2016 AOX can restore respiratory electron flow when the cytochrome segment of the mitochondrial respiratory chain is inhibited, supporting ATP synthesis, maintaining cellular redox homeostasis and mitigating excess superoxide production at respiratory complexes I and III. Superoxides 210-220 acyl-CoA oxidase 1 Homo sapiens 0-3 27174562-9 2016 Mitochondria from rat receiving miR-22 inhibitor 48h before ischemia were found to have a significantly less mitochondrial superoxide production and greater mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP production as compared with rat receiving miR control. Superoxides 123-133 membrane associated ring-CH-type finger 8 Rattus norvegicus 32-35 27050287-2 2016 Stimulated neutrophils activate their NADPH oxidase (NOX2) to generate large amounts of superoxide, which acts as a precursor of hydrogen peroxide and other reactive oxygen species that are generated by their heme enzyme myeloperoxidase. Superoxides 88-98 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 53-57 27050287-3 2016 When neutrophils engulf bacteria they enclose them in small vesicles (phagosomes) into which superoxide is released by activated NOX2 on the internalized neutrophil membrane. Superoxides 93-103 cytochrome b-245 beta chain Homo sapiens 129-133