PMID-sentid	Pub_year	Sent_text	compound_name	comp_offset	prot_official_name	organism	prot_offset
8560739-4	1995	We demonstrated that MPO together with oxidizing agents generated by xanthine oxidase, hypoxanthine and chloride form a potent antibacterial system against the common udder pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus dysgalactiae and Escherichia coli in a synthetic medium.	Hypoxanthine	87-99	myeloperoxidase	Bos taurus	21-24
8548025-2	1995	A plasma sample was incubated with hypoxanthine and ribose-1-phosphate in phosphate-free medium at pH 7.4 to catalyse the production of inosine by plasmatic PNP.	Hypoxanthine	35-47	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	157-160
7575641-8	1995	Nevertheless, reversal of cytotoxicity studies with thymidine, hypoxanthine and folinic acid using the HL-60 cell line suggested that TS is the primary target for these analogues.	Hypoxanthine	63-75	thymidylate synthetase	Homo sapiens	134-136
8577321-7	1995	Overexpression of L. donovani hgprt in E. coli complemented genetic deficiencies in hypoxanthine and guanine phosphoribosylating activities and yielded abundant quantities of enzymatically active HGPRT.	Hypoxanthine	84-96	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Leishmania donovani	30-35
8577321-8	1995	The recombinant HGPRT was purified to homogeneity and recognized hypoxanthine, guanine and allopurinol, but not adenine or xanthine, as substrates.	Hypoxanthine	65-77	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Leishmania donovani	16-21
7935410-3	1994	For the second step, a targeting construct (the "plug") that recombines homologously with the integrated socket and supplies the remaining portion of the HPRT minigene is used; this homologous recombination generates a functional HPRT gene and makes the ES cells hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine resistant.	Hypoxanthine	263-275	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	230-234
7654490-6	1995	Incubation (at 10 min, 37 degrees C) with 4 mM hypoxanthine/0.03 u ml-1 xanthine oxidase resulted in 7% and 20% thiol oxidation in captopril and MPG (at 1 mM) respectively.	Hypoxanthine	47-59	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	145-148
7536169-1	1994	The possibility of reversing the hypoxanthine induced 2-cell block in mouse embryos when cultured in conditions supplemented with compounds that increase (FSH, hMG, IBMX, hCG) or inhibit (GnRH-analogue) cAMP was assessed.	Hypoxanthine	33-45	hypertrichosis 2 (generalised, congenital)	Homo sapiens	171-174
8128888-5	1993	The higher activity of HPRT with training suggests an improved potential for rephosphorylation of intracellular hypoxanthine to inosine monophosphate (IMP) in the trained muscle.	Hypoxanthine	112-124	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	23-27
8016081-9	1994	ANPG protein, APDG protein, and MAG protein--the 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylases of human, rat, and yeast origin, respectively--were also able to release hypoxanthine from various DNA substrates containing dIMP residues.	Hypoxanthine	155-167	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	0-4
8032345-2	1994	In enzyme pattern-targeted chemotherapy, tiazofurin inhibits IMP dehydrogenase activity in cancer cells and allopurinol-induced high serum hypoxanthine levels inhibit HGPRT activity.	Hypoxanthine	139-151	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	167-172
7660963-5	1994	Plasma and urinary hypoxanthine levels were strikingly increased after ethanol drinking in homozygotes for ALDH2*1 but not in heterozygotes for ALDH2*1/ALDH2*2, indicated extensive purine nucleotide degradation in homozygote for ALDH2*1.	Hypoxanthine	19-31	aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member	Homo sapiens	107-112
8241176-2	1993	Purine nucleoside phosphorylase from calf spleen catalyzes the arsenolysis of inosine to form hypoxanthine and ribose 1-arsenate, which spontaneously hydrolyzes to ribose and arsenate.	Hypoxanthine	94-106	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Bos taurus	0-31
8093106-6	1994	The foregoing logically led to the finding that the 7-beta-D-ribosides of guanine (N7Guo) and hypoxanthine (N7Ino) were weak substrates of PNP from human erythrocytes, calf spleen and E. coli.	Hypoxanthine	94-106	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	139-142
8276029-0	1993	Elevated beta-endorphin immunoreactivity in the cerebrospinal fluid in victims of sudden infant death correlates with hypoxanthine in vitreous humour.	Hypoxanthine	118-130	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	9-23
8297116-1	1993	A monoclonal anti-CEA secreting hybridoma (11-285-14) was made hypoxanthine, aminopterin and thymidine (HAT) sensitive by back selecting it in increasing concentrations of 8-azaguanine.	Hypoxanthine	63-75	carcinoembryonic antigen gene family	Mus musculus	18-21
8240456-4	1993	Additionally, adenosine deaminase activity was measured in vitro in the presence of various concentrations of either inosine or hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	128-140	adenosine deaminase	Canis lupus familiaris	14-33
8336135-4	1993	The finding of the normal profile of purine nucleotides in the HGPRT-deficient neurons indicates that the lack of hypoxanthine salvage is adequately compensated by the enhanced de novo nucleotide synthesis.	Hypoxanthine	114-126	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	63-68
1400180-3	1992	Hypoxanthine utilization in other organisms requires molybdenum cofactor as a component of xanthine dehydrogenase, and thus most chlorate-resistant mutants cannot use hypoxanthine as a sole source of nitrogen.	Hypoxanthine	0-12	Xanthine dehydrogenase	Klebsiella pneumoniae	91-113
16727321-10	1993	These results indicate that HPRT activity of bovine preimplantation embryos can be microassayed using radiolabeled hypoxanthine, and this assay could provide an alternative method for embryo sexing.	Hypoxanthine	115-127	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Bos taurus	28-32
8099493-3	1993	Four putative inhibitors of the enzyme, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT), which metabolizes hypoxanthine to inosine monophosphate, were tested on lysates of oocyte-cumulus cell complexes.	Hypoxanthine	40-52	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	80-84
8099493-7	1993	Also, oocytes from XO mice were more sensitive to the meiosis-arresting action of hypoxanthine than oocytes from XX littermates, which have twice the HPRT activity.	Hypoxanthine	82-94	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	150-154
8099493-8	1993	The actions of the HPRT inhibitors were not due to their conversion to nucleotides via HPRT and negative feedback on purine de novo synthesis, because azaserine and 6-methylmercaptopurine riboside, which are more potent inhibitors of de novo synthesis, had a stimulatory, rather than inhibitory, effect on hypoxanthine-arrested oocytes.	Hypoxanthine	306-318	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	19-23
8099493-9	1993	Furthermore, several lines of evidence indicate that metabolism of hypoxanthine to xanthine and uric acid by xanthine oxidase does not mediate the inhibitory action of this purine base on meiotic maturation.	Hypoxanthine	67-79	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	109-125
8436613-9	1993	Resting concentrations of adenosine, inosine, and hypoxanthine in the subwindow CSF were 0.18 +/- 0.09, 0.35 +/- 0.21, and 0.62 +/- 0.12 microM, respectively.	Hypoxanthine	50-62	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	80-83
8381105-3	1993	In the presence of an inhibitor of ecto-5"-nucleotidase [alpha, beta-methylene-adenosine 5"-diphosphate (ADP), 0.5 mM], exposure to xanthine oxidase and hypoxanthine resulted in the appearance of three times more nucleotides in the culture medium than in the absence of the inhibitor, but there was no change in medium nucleotides after H2O2 exposure.	Hypoxanthine	153-165	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	35-55
8244086-5	1993	Chemiluminescence assays of oxidation of hypoxanthine by xanthine oxidase in the presence of luminol, confirm that the three ACE inhibitors are oxygen free radical scavengers.	Hypoxanthine	41-53	angiotensin I converting enzyme	Homo sapiens	125-128
1487231-1	1992	Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT, EC 2.4.2.8) is a purine salvage enzyme that catalyses the conversion of hypoxanthine and guanine to their respective mononucleotides.	Hypoxanthine	126-138	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-46
1487231-1	1992	Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT, EC 2.4.2.8) is a purine salvage enzyme that catalyses the conversion of hypoxanthine and guanine to their respective mononucleotides.	Hypoxanthine	126-138	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	48-52
1444325-1	1992	A series of novel C-2 functionalized hypoxanthine and purine ribonucleosides have been synthesized and evaluated against exotic RNA viruses of the family or genus alpha, arena, flavi, and rhabdo.	Hypoxanthine	37-49	complement C2	Homo sapiens	18-21
1627539-2	1992	Purine nucleoside phosphorylase from calf spleen is a trimer which catalyzes the hydrolysis of inosine to hypoxanthine and ribose in the absence of inorganic phosphate.	Hypoxanthine	106-118	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Bos taurus	0-31
1445289-2	1992	For instance, mutants resistant to azahypoxanthine showed a loss of the HPRT enzyme (hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase), whereas gain of the same enzyme was accomplished by blocking de novo purine biosynthesis with aminopterin, while supplying hypoxanthine and thymine (HAT selection).	Hypoxanthine	38-50	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	72-76
1320658-7	1992	AlF4- stimulated GVB in both cumulus cell-enclosed oocytes and denuded oocytes when meiotic arrest was maintained with hypoxanthine but was much less effective in dbcAMP-arrested oocytes.	Hypoxanthine	119-131	AF4/FMR2 family, member 4	Mus musculus	0-4
1551113-0	1992	Induction of mutation of a synthetic c-Ha-ras gene containing hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	62-74	Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene	Mus musculus	37-45
1551113-1	1992	The second base of codon 61 of a synthetic c-Ha-ras gene was replaced with a hypoxanthine residue in a site-specific manner.	Hypoxanthine	77-89	Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene	Mus musculus	43-51
1583701-3	1992	The proportion of hypoxanthine converted to IMP by hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.8) is markedly greater than that degraded to xanthine and uric acid by xanthine oxidase (EC 1.3.2.3).	Hypoxanthine	18-30	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	51-97
1576055-5	1992	In addition to the intracellular formation of ddA-TP, ddI can be broken down to hypoxanthine, by purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) and to uric acid, by xanthine oxidase.	Hypoxanthine	80-92	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	97-128
1576055-5	1992	In addition to the intracellular formation of ddA-TP, ddI can be broken down to hypoxanthine, by purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) and to uric acid, by xanthine oxidase.	Hypoxanthine	80-92	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	130-133
1731938-5	1992	The steady-state kinetic mechanism for the schistosomal HGPRTase has been determined by including both hypoxanthine and guanine in the forward and reverse reactions under identical conditions.	Hypoxanthine	103-115	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	56-64
1576959-5	1992	Exogenous hypoxanthine and adenine, which partially inhibited development, were taken up by the embryos and converted to xanthine, most probably by salvage pathways, since the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which converts hypoxanthine directly to xanthine and then to uric acid, could not be detected.	Hypoxanthine	10-22	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	183-199
27280651-3	1992	5MU and hypoxanthine were synthesized from inosine and thymine by PUNP and PYNP.	Hypoxanthine	8-20	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	66-70
1499278-0	1992	Influence of hypoxanthine and other purines on the lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase reaction in the plasma of rat and other species.	Hypoxanthine	13-25	lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	51-87
1499278-6	1992	Maximum inhibition of the LCAT reaction in rat plasma occurred at 1.4 mM hypoxanthine or xanthine; inhibition was not dependent upon the concentration of LCAT or plasma lipoproteins but increased with the amount of lipoprotein depleted rat plasma (LDRP) present in the incubation mixture.	Hypoxanthine	73-85	lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	26-30
1499278-10	1992	In the presence of heated rat plasma, LDRP or, to a lesser extent, rat high density lipoproteins (HDL) prepared from heated plasma, the LCAT reaction in human plasma was inhibited by hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	183-195	lecithin cholesterol acyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	136-140
1499278-12	1992	Rat HDL and LDRP prepared from plasma pre-incubated at 37 degrees C for 4 hr before heating increased and decreased, respectively, the inhibitory effect of hypoxanthine on human plasma LCAT compared with HDL and LDRP prepared from unincubated rat plasma.	Hypoxanthine	156-168	lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase	Homo sapiens	185-189
1576959-5	1992	Exogenous hypoxanthine and adenine, which partially inhibited development, were taken up by the embryos and converted to xanthine, most probably by salvage pathways, since the enzyme xanthine oxidase, which converts hypoxanthine directly to xanthine and then to uric acid, could not be detected.	Hypoxanthine	216-228	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	183-199
1712425-5	1991	In contrast to wild-type cells and a mutant clone carrying a complete deletion of the HPRT gene, these 4 investigated 6TGr-HATr-HAsTr clones all showed an enhanced incorporation of exogenous 3H-hypoxanthine in the presence of aminopterin and L-azaserine suggesting that these clones carry mutations in the structural part of the HPRT gene.	Hypoxanthine	191-206	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Cricetulus griseus	86-90
1289809-1	1992	In order to investigate whether several DNA lesions (O6-methylguanine, 8-hydroxyguanine, xanthine, an abasic site analogue and hypoxanthine) activate a c-Ha-ras gene and to determine the type of mutations induced by the DNA lesions, they were introduced into a synthetic c-Ha-ras gene by DNA cassette mutagenesis techniques.	Hypoxanthine	127-139	Harvey rat sarcoma virus oncogene	Mus musculus	152-160
1939392-10	1991	These results indicate that during the postischemic period, adenine nucleosides and hypoxanthine in CSF are elevated and could affect reperfusion.	Hypoxanthine	84-96	colony stimulating factor 2	Rattus norvegicus	100-103
1815139-3	1991	Two of the peaks (Peak 2, and Peak 3) which had lower molecular weights than that of peak 1 were identified as inosine and hypoxanthine by TLC methods.	Hypoxanthine	123-135	pseudopodium enriched atypical kinase 1	Bos taurus	85-91
1712904-1	1991	The enzyme hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) catalyzes the metabolic salvage of the purine bases hypoxanthine and guanine.	Hypoxanthine	11-23	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	51-55
1649184-1	1991	We determined the effects of superoxide anion, produced by addition of xanthine oxidase to hypoxanthine, on the intracellular pH (pHi) and intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and release of arachidonate in human cultured amnion cells.	Hypoxanthine	91-103	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	126-128
1649184-1	1991	We determined the effects of superoxide anion, produced by addition of xanthine oxidase to hypoxanthine, on the intracellular pH (pHi) and intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and release of arachidonate in human cultured amnion cells.	Hypoxanthine	91-103	glucose-6-phosphate isomerase	Homo sapiens	130-133
1662497-4	1991	NO depressed the rate of reduction of cytochrome c by .O2- released from PMN"s or generated from the oxidation of hypoxanthine by xanthine oxidase.	Hypoxanthine	114-126	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	38-50
1659450-2	1991	We noted that in contrast to results with other hydroxyl radical detection systems, superoxide dismutase (SOD) often increased the amount of hydroxyl radical-derived spin adducts of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) produced by the reaction of hypoxanthine, xanthine oxidase and iron.	Hypoxanthine	250-262	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	84-104
1659450-2	1991	We noted that in contrast to results with other hydroxyl radical detection systems, superoxide dismutase (SOD) often increased the amount of hydroxyl radical-derived spin adducts of 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) produced by the reaction of hypoxanthine, xanthine oxidase and iron.	Hypoxanthine	250-262	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	106-109
1712425-5	1991	In contrast to wild-type cells and a mutant clone carrying a complete deletion of the HPRT gene, these 4 investigated 6TGr-HATr-HAsTr clones all showed an enhanced incorporation of exogenous 3H-hypoxanthine in the presence of aminopterin and L-azaserine suggesting that these clones carry mutations in the structural part of the HPRT gene.	Hypoxanthine	191-206	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Cricetulus griseus	329-333
1712425-9	1991	Based on their characteristics of hypoxanthine incorporation, the present mutant clones fit the model for the proposed functional domains of the HPRT protein.	Hypoxanthine	34-46	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Cricetulus griseus	145-149
1850982-8	1991	The purine phosphoribosyltransferase activity with adenine was highest, about tenfold the HGPRTase activity with hypoxanthine and fivefold that with guanine.	Hypoxanthine	113-125	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	90-98
1873380-0	1991	Hypoxanthine-maintained two-cell block in mouse embryos: dependence on glucose and effect of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase inhibitors.	Hypoxanthine	0-12	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	93-131
1873380-6	1991	Assays of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) activity in lysates of four-cell embryos determined that the drugs 6-mercapto-9-(tetrahydro-2-furyl)-purine (MPTF) and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), but not 6-azauridine (6-AzaU), prevented salvage of hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	10-22	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	50-54
2071157-1	1991	Hypoxanthine--guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) is a purine salvage enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of hypoxanthine to inosine monophosphate and guanine to guanosine monophosphate.	Hypoxanthine	115-127	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-47
2071157-1	1991	Hypoxanthine--guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) is a purine salvage enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of hypoxanthine to inosine monophosphate and guanine to guanosine monophosphate.	Hypoxanthine	115-127	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	49-53
1877368-4	1991	Inhibition of adenosine deaminase by deoxycoformycin produced a significant 1.4-fold increase in extracellular adenosine levels and a fall in inosine and hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	154-166	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	14-33
1850982-10	1991	The Km values of APRTase for adenine and PP-Rib-P are 2 and 30 microM, respectively, and the Km values of HGPRTase for hypoxanthine, guanine and PP-Rib-P are less than 1, less than 1 and 15 microM, respectively.	Hypoxanthine	119-131	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	17-24
1850982-10	1991	The Km values of APRTase for adenine and PP-Rib-P are 2 and 30 microM, respectively, and the Km values of HGPRTase for hypoxanthine, guanine and PP-Rib-P are less than 1, less than 1 and 15 microM, respectively.	Hypoxanthine	119-131	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	106-114
1789243-0	1991	Lower xanthine oxidoreductase activity in isolated perfused hearts if xanthine replaces hypoxanthine as substrate.	Hypoxanthine	88-100	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	6-29
1983876-1	1991	We have detected xanthine oxidoreductase activity in unfixed cryostat sections of rat and chicken liver, rat duodenum, and bovine mammary gland using the tissue protectant polyvinyl alcohol, the electron carrier 1-methoxyphenazine methosulfate, the final electron acceptor Tetranitro BT, and hypoxanthine as a substrate.	Hypoxanthine	292-304	xanthine dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	17-40
2021865-1	1991	Xanthine oxidase is the pathological form of xanthine oxidoreductase, which generates free oxygen radicals, when it converts (hypo)xanthine to urate.	Hypoxanthine	125-139	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	45-68
1761346-1	1991	The bombesin carboxy terminal dipeptide Leu-Met, was bound to hypoxanthine with a pentoxy-carbonyl chain.	Hypoxanthine	62-74	gastrin releasing peptide	Homo sapiens	4-12
1886405-0	1991	The pathogenesis of the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome: ATP use is positively related to hypoxanthine supply to hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase.	Hypoxanthine	79-91	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	102-148
1886405-3	1991	We have shown that ATP turnover continuously supplies hypoxanthine for recycling by the enzyme HPRT and that this supply increases curvilinearly with increasing ATP turnover.	Hypoxanthine	54-66	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	95-99
2038069-1	1991	In the reoxygenated hypoxic heart, hypoxanthine is either oxidized by xanthine oxidase with production of toxic oxygen species or salvaged for the ATP pool by hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase.	Hypoxanthine	35-47	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	159-206
2038069-4	1991	Thus, it is likely that hypoxanthine is salvaged when present alone and is oxidized generating the reperfusion injury when the salvage is prevented by guanine that competes with hypoxanthine from the same site of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase.	Hypoxanthine	24-36	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	213-260
2038069-4	1991	Thus, it is likely that hypoxanthine is salvaged when present alone and is oxidized generating the reperfusion injury when the salvage is prevented by guanine that competes with hypoxanthine from the same site of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase.	Hypoxanthine	178-190	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	213-260
2038069-5	1991	The functional impairment was slower when hypoxanthine was replaced by xanthine, and was eliminated by superoxide dismutase and catalase, indicating that the injury is caused by toxic oxygen species generated from hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase.	Hypoxanthine	42-54	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	128-136
2038069-5	1991	The functional impairment was slower when hypoxanthine was replaced by xanthine, and was eliminated by superoxide dismutase and catalase, indicating that the injury is caused by toxic oxygen species generated from hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase.	Hypoxanthine	214-226	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	128-136
2176255-4	1990	When the cells were exposed to 25, 50, and 100 mU/ml xanthine oxidase with 5.0 mM hypoxanthine, ATP levels were significantly lower (P less than 0.001) in LLC-PK1, NHK-C and OK cells compared to MDCK cells while ATP levels were significantly lower (P less than 0.01) in endothelial cells compared to all tubular cell lines.	Hypoxanthine	82-94	xanthine dehydrogenase	Sus scrofa	53-69
2176255-6	1990	When the cells were exposed to 50 mU/ml xanthine oxidase with 5.0 mM hypoxanthine for five hours, total 51chromium release was significantly (P less than 0.001) greater in LLC-PK1, NHK-C and OK cells compared to MDCK cells, while total 51chromium release was significantly (P less than 0.001) greater in endothelial cells compared to all tubular cells.	Hypoxanthine	69-81	xanthine dehydrogenase	Sus scrofa	40-56
2176255-6	1990	When the cells were exposed to 50 mU/ml xanthine oxidase with 5.0 mM hypoxanthine for five hours, total 51chromium release was significantly (P less than 0.001) greater in LLC-PK1, NHK-C and OK cells compared to MDCK cells, while total 51chromium release was significantly (P less than 0.001) greater in endothelial cells compared to all tubular cells.	Hypoxanthine	69-81	prokineticin 1	Homo sapiens	176-179
2355938-3	1990	The hypoxanthine-guanine (HGPRT) and adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT) activities of extracts of CHEL cells were lower than those of corresponding extracts of V79.	Hypoxanthine	4-16	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Cricetulus griseus	26-31
2397107-7	1990	The values of APRT in leukemic patients were enhanced when referred to the proteins and those of HGPRT decreased: the Authors propose to complete the study evaluating the intracellular content of adenine and hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	208-220	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	14-18
2294125-7	1990	Experiments with inhibitors of adenosine deaminase and adenosine kinase indicated that the production of inosine and hypoxanthine proceeded via AMP deamination.	Hypoxanthine	117-129	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	31-50
2294125-7	1990	Experiments with inhibitors of adenosine deaminase and adenosine kinase indicated that the production of inosine and hypoxanthine proceeded via AMP deamination.	Hypoxanthine	117-129	adenosine kinase	Homo sapiens	55-71
2163266-3	1990	The CSF concentrations of end products of the neuronal metabolism of purines--hypoxanthine for the adenine nucleotides and xanthine for guanine nucleotides--have not been previously studied in patients with overactivity of PRPP synthetase.	Hypoxanthine	78-90	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	4-7
2163266-4	1990	We have evaluated the plasma and CSF levels of hypoxanthine and xanthine in a 8-year-old male with tophaceous gout and neurosensitive deafness and in his mother, who had gout without neurological involvement.	Hypoxanthine	47-59	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	33-36
2163266-6	1990	In 4 normal individuals, the plasma levels of hypoxanthine and xanthine were 1.7 +/- 0.4 microM and 0.9 +/- 0.2 microM (mean +/- SEM), respectively, while in in CSF they were 3.3 +/- 1.1 microM and 2.0 +/- 0.2 microM.	Hypoxanthine	46-58	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	161-164
2163266-7	1990	The hemizygote male showed a considerable increase in hypoxanthine level (5.6 microM in plasma and 22.1 microM in CSF); the plasma and CSF xanthine levels were 1.8 and 4.5 microM, respectively.	Hypoxanthine	54-66	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	114-117
34074415-6	2021	The multifunctional dsDNA probe contains the hypoxanthine sites and the uracil sites which can be recognized by hAAG and UDG respectively to generate apyrimidinic (AP) sites in the dsDNA probe.	Hypoxanthine	45-57	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	112-116
9092930-4	1997	A HAT (hypoxanthine, aminopterin, thymidine) sensitivity test allowed us to infer that Hprt- clones, selected as 6-thioguanine-resistant clones, possessed mutations at the Hprt locus after 532 nm Nd:YAG laser irradiation.	Hypoxanthine	7-19	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	87-91
34744776-6	2021	Markers of hypoxia such as succinate, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), and hypoxanthine were all elevated in PKD subjects.	Hypoxanthine	73-85	protein kinase D1	Homo sapiens	107-110
34626042-1	2022	INTRODUCTION: Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is known as an enzyme related to purine metabolism, catalyzing the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and of xanthine to uric acid.	Hypoxanthine	124-136	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	14-37
34626042-1	2022	INTRODUCTION: Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is known as an enzyme related to purine metabolism, catalyzing the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and of xanthine to uric acid.	Hypoxanthine	124-136	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	39-42
34494551-1	2021	Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is an enzyme that catalyzes hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid, respectively.	Hypoxanthine	58-70	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-23
34494551-1	2021	Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is an enzyme that catalyzes hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid, respectively.	Hypoxanthine	58-70	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	25-28
34494551-7	2021	In vitro, human liver S9-derived XOR promoted proliferation of SMCs with phenotypic modulation and induced ROS production by catabolizing hypoxanthine released from human endothelial cells.	Hypoxanthine	138-150	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	33-36
34811515-1	2021	Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a critical, rate-limiting enzyme that controls the last two steps of purine catabolism by converting hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid.	Hypoxanthine	134-146	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-23
34811515-1	2021	Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a critical, rate-limiting enzyme that controls the last two steps of purine catabolism by converting hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid.	Hypoxanthine	134-146	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	25-28
34829959-1	2021	Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is an enzyme that catalyzes the two-step reaction from hypoxanthine to xanthine and from xanthine to uric acid in purine metabolism.	Hypoxanthine	85-97	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-23
34829959-1	2021	Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is an enzyme that catalyzes the two-step reaction from hypoxanthine to xanthine and from xanthine to uric acid in purine metabolism.	Hypoxanthine	85-97	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	25-28
34619144-3	2022	Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid and is related to oxidative stress.	Hypoxanthine	75-87	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-23
34619144-3	2022	Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid and is related to oxidative stress.	Hypoxanthine	75-87	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	25-28
34074415-6	2021	The multifunctional dsDNA probe contains the hypoxanthine sites and the uracil sites which can be recognized by hAAG and UDG respectively to generate apyrimidinic (AP) sites in the dsDNA probe.	Hypoxanthine	45-57	uracil DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	121-124
34440256-8	2021	The logarithmically transformed plasma XOR activity (ln-XOR) correlated positively with hypoxanthine, xanthine, visceral fatty area, and liver dysfunction but negatively with HDL cholesterol.	Hypoxanthine	88-100	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	39-42
34440256-8	2021	The logarithmically transformed plasma XOR activity (ln-XOR) correlated positively with hypoxanthine, xanthine, visceral fatty area, and liver dysfunction but negatively with HDL cholesterol.	Hypoxanthine	88-100	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	56-59
35094660-4	2022	This study aimed to clone Slc23a4-paralog SLC23A3 from the human kidney and investigate its hypoxanthine transport activity.	Hypoxanthine	92-104	solute carrier family 23 member 4, pseudogene	Homo sapiens	26-33
34268726-1	2021	Xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (XPRT) and hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) are purine salvaging enzymes of Leishmania donovani with distinct 6-oxopurine specificities.	Hypoxanthine	167-178	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Leishmania donovani	46-92
34268726-1	2021	Xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (XPRT) and hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) are purine salvaging enzymes of Leishmania donovani with distinct 6-oxopurine specificities.	Hypoxanthine	167-178	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Leishmania donovani	94-99
34361398-4	2021	Reactive modification of PCL/PLA via liquid organic peroxides (OP) including 0.5 wt.% of tert-butyl cumyl peroxide (BU), 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di-(tert-butylperoxy)-hexane (HX), and tert-butyl peroxybenzoate (PB) is reported.	Hypoxanthine	168-170	PHD finger protein 1	Homo sapiens	25-32
35063356-5	2022	Metabolic responses to trail running were largely independent of sex but were influenced by the level of training, with runners with a higher level showing resistance to exercise-induced changes in taurine, 1-methyl histidine, acetyl-carnitine, and hypoxanthine concentrations.	Hypoxanthine	249-261	TNF superfamily member 10	Homo sapiens	23-28
35465823-9	2022	The detection kit developed by 2F7 and 2G7 could be adopted to specifically detect HPV58 L1 protein with good linearity and detection range, which could be widely used in clinical testing and quality control in the production of HPV vaccines.Abbreviations: BSA: Bovine serum albumin; CDRs: Complementarity-determining regions; CV: Coefficient of variation; DTT: Dithiothreitol; ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; HAT: Hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine; HPV: Human Papillomavirus; IC50: 50% inhibition rate; IC90: 90% inhibition rate; mAbs: Monoclonal antibodies; VLP: Virus-like particle.	Hypoxanthine	425-437	long intergenic non-protein coding RNA 1150	Homo sapiens	31-42
35194983-6	2022	Additionally, 32 genes were identified as under positive selection in cetaceans, including key purine salvage enzymes (i.e., HPRT1), suggesting improved re-utilization of non-recyclable purines avoid hypoxanthine accumulation and reduce oxidative stress.	Hypoxanthine	200-212	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	125-130
35094660-4	2022	This study aimed to clone Slc23a4-paralog SLC23A3 from the human kidney and investigate its hypoxanthine transport activity.	Hypoxanthine	92-104	solute carrier family 23 member 3	Homo sapiens	42-49
35094660-5	2022	We observed Na+-dependent 10 nM (3H)-hypoxanthine uptake in SLC23A3 RNA-injected Xenopus oocytes.	Hypoxanthine	37-49	solute carrier family 23 member 3	Homo sapiens	60-67
2513475-4	1989	They grow in medium containing hypoxanthine, aminopterin, and thymidine plus IFN and are killed by 6-thioguanine plus IFN.	Hypoxanthine	31-43	interferon alpha 1	Homo sapiens	118-121
2543233-1	1989	Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) catalyzes the conversion of hypoxanthine and guanine to IMP and GMP, respectively, in the presence of 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate.	Hypoxanthine	82-94	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-46
2567208-3	1989	Allopurinol was also given to inhibit xanthine oxidase activity to decrease uric acid excretion and to elevate the serum concentration of hypoxanthine, which should competitively inhibit the activity of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.8), the salvage enzyme of guanylate synthesis.	Hypoxanthine	138-150	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	203-249
2543233-1	1989	Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) catalyzes the conversion of hypoxanthine and guanine to IMP and GMP, respectively, in the presence of 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate.	Hypoxanthine	82-94	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	48-52
2909293-2	1989	The oxygen metabolites produced by hypoxanthine plus xanthine oxidase caused relaxation of the ductus that was inhibited by catalase (hydrogen peroxide scavenger) but not by superoxide dismutase (superoxide anion scavenger).	Hypoxanthine	35-47	catalase	Ovis aries	124-132
2610113-0	1989	Mammalian xanthine oxidoreductase--a unique enzyme among hypoxanthine hydroxylating enzymes in vertebrates.	Hypoxanthine	57-69	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	10-33
2561361-5	1989	ODFR generated by the xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine system in the presence of trace amounts of iron and EDTA activated latent neutrophil collagenase to an equal extent as the known activators phenylmercuric chloride and gold thioglucose.	Hypoxanthine	39-51	matrix metallopeptidase 8	Homo sapiens	126-148
2846693-6	1988	Incubation of AOPCP-treated MLC with hypoxanthine restored proliferation but not cytotoxicity.	Hypoxanthine	37-49	modulator of VRAC current 1	Homo sapiens	28-31
2618701-1	1989	Hypoxanthine was demonstrated to have a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on type B monoamine oxidase (MAO-B) activity in liver and brain tissues, and slight inhibitory effect on type A MAO(MAO-A) activity when given orally to mice at doses of 25-500 mg/kg.	Hypoxanthine	0-12	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	102-107
2618701-1	1989	Hypoxanthine was demonstrated to have a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on type B monoamine oxidase (MAO-B) activity in liver and brain tissues, and slight inhibitory effect on type A MAO(MAO-A) activity when given orally to mice at doses of 25-500 mg/kg.	Hypoxanthine	0-12	monoamine oxidase A	Mus musculus	189-194
2618701-2	1989	When mice were given orally hypoxanthine 500 mg/kg, MAO-A and -B activities were all inhibited significantly 16 hours after administration, but the inhibitory action on MAO-A was weaker.	Hypoxanthine	28-40	monoamine oxidase A	Mus musculus	52-64
2618701-2	1989	When mice were given orally hypoxanthine 500 mg/kg, MAO-A and -B activities were all inhibited significantly 16 hours after administration, but the inhibitory action on MAO-A was weaker.	Hypoxanthine	28-40	monoamine oxidase A	Mus musculus	52-57
2618701-4	1989	In vitro experiment showed that the action of hypoxanthine on MAO-B was competitive inhibition and that on MAO-A was competitive mixed with noncompetitive inhibition.	Hypoxanthine	46-58	monoamine oxidase B	Mus musculus	62-67
3221837-6	1988	Some of the latter were probably HPRT- nonsense mutants because they were very stringent (had less than 2% of wild-type [3H]hypoxanthine incorporation and HPRT enzyme activity), and did not complement genetically.	Hypoxanthine	124-136	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	33-37
2850959-2	1988	Therefore, we generated a hybridoma (HY2-15) by a fusion between thyroid monolayer cells from a patient with Graves" disease, and a hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine (HAT)-sensitive variant of this human T cell leukemia line, Molt 4-8AGR.	Hypoxanthine	132-144	RNA, Ro60-associated Y3	Homo sapiens	37-43
2843172-3	1988	To determine how O2- affects the formation of HOCl, chlorination of monochlorodimedon by myeloperoxidase was investigated using xanthine oxidase and hypoxanthine as a source of O2- and H2O2.	Hypoxanthine	149-161	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	89-104
3276363-6	1988	An increase in c-fos expression was also found in HL-60 cells differentiated along the granulocytic pathway after exposure to hypoxanthine, hexamethylene bisacetamide, and the combination of retinoic acid and dibutyryl adenosine 3"5" cyclic monophosphate.	Hypoxanthine	126-138	Fos proto-oncogene, AP-1 transcription factor subunit	Homo sapiens	15-20
3342099-4	1988	If ADA activity was blocked by 2"-deoxycoformycin (dCF, 5 microM), a tight-binding inhibitor of ADA, most of the Ado (96%) was incorporated into adenine nucleotides, whereas if Ado kinase activity was blocked with 5-iodotubercidin (10 microM), Ado was mainly (95%) metabolized into hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	282-294	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	3-6
2828350-4	1988	Selection and analysis of cell clones resistant to hypoxanthine/aminopterin/thymidine and mycophenolic acid showed that the apoA-I gene is expressed in L6E9 but not in HeLa cells.	Hypoxanthine	51-63	apolipoprotein A1	Rattus norvegicus	124-130
3148065-3	1988	Accumulation of the substrate, hypoxanthine, of the missing hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) enzyme, is more marked in urine and in CSF than in plasma.	Hypoxanthine	31-43	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	60-106
3148065-3	1988	Accumulation of the substrate, hypoxanthine, of the missing hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) enzyme, is more marked in urine and in CSF than in plasma.	Hypoxanthine	31-43	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	108-112
3148065-3	1988	Accumulation of the substrate, hypoxanthine, of the missing hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) enzyme, is more marked in urine and in CSF than in plasma.	Hypoxanthine	31-43	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	153-156
3148065-5	1988	The function of HPRT seems to be the recycling of hypoxanthine which is released from tissues in increasing quantities as energy use, ATP "turnover", in the tissue increases.	Hypoxanthine	50-62	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	16-20
3435682-1	1987	WI-L2 B lymphoblasts deficient in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) excreted amounts of hypoxanthine two to three times larger than CEM T lymphoblasts deficient in HGPRT, despite similar growth rates.	Hypoxanthine	34-46	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	82-87
3171573-5	1988	Further, the two CSF measures correlated highly significantly and positively with the CSF monoamine metabolites HVA and 5-HIAA and the purine metabolites hypoxanthine and xanthine.	Hypoxanthine	154-166	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	17-20
3435682-1	1987	WI-L2 B lymphoblasts deficient in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) excreted amounts of hypoxanthine two to three times larger than CEM T lymphoblasts deficient in HGPRT, despite similar growth rates.	Hypoxanthine	34-46	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	185-190
3119707-4	1987	We fused two monoclonal cell lines: an ouabain-sensitive and azaserine/hypoxanthine-resistant Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human cell line that produces an IgG1 kappa antibody directed against tetanus toxoid and an azaserine/hypoxanthine-sensitive and ouabain-resistant human-mouse xenohybrid cell line that produces a human IgG1 lambda antibody directed against hepatitis-B surface antigen.	Hypoxanthine	71-83	LOC105243590	Mus musculus	158-162
2850458-1	1987	The generation of superoxide radicals from xanthine oxidase-hypoxanthine in a particulate fraction of gerbil cerebral cortex influenced the activity of the synaptic enzyme adenylate cyclase, as well as Mn2+- and Na+,K+-sensitive forms of ATPase.	Hypoxanthine	60-72	dynein axonemal heavy chain 8	Homo sapiens	238-244
3622635-7	1987	The HGPRTase-deficient cells were capable of transporting hypoxanthine at increased rates but did not accumulate the base to concentrations in excess of that in the culture medium.	Hypoxanthine	58-70	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	4-12
3426528-1	1987	Xanthine oxidase activities of pig myocardium and blood during and following myocardial ischemia were measured using HPLC, and electrochemical detection of hypoxanthine, xanthine and uric acid.	Hypoxanthine	156-168	xanthine dehydrogenase	Sus scrofa	0-16
3621464-2	1987	The formation of gap junctions was studied by measurement of the incorporation of [3H]hypoxanthine in HGPRT deficient V79 mutant cells after co-cultivation with the hepatocytes.	Hypoxanthine	86-98	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Cricetulus griseus	102-107
3670521-3	1987	The permeability-surface area product was 3 X 10(-4) sec-1 with a hypoxanthine concentration of 0.02 microM in the perfusate.	Hypoxanthine	66-78	secretory blood group 1	Rattus norvegicus	53-58
3574341-4	1987	Superoxide dismutase (100 microliter/ml) and catalase (220 microliter/ml) caused a significant reduction in the number of sister-chromatid exchanges induced by xanthine oxidase, hypoxanthine and vitamin C.	Hypoxanthine	178-190	catalase	Homo sapiens	0-53
3469021-1	1987	Both xanthine dehydrogenase (XD) and xanthine oxidase (XO) catalyze the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine, and xanthine to uric acid.	Hypoxanthine	86-98	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	5-27
3031618-1	1987	Decadeoxynucleotides containing hypoxanthine, N2-methylguanine, 3-deazaadenine in the recognition sequences of restriction endonucleases Bgl II, Sau 3AI, and Mbo I were synthesized.	Hypoxanthine	32-44	LPS responsive beige-like anchor protein	Homo sapiens	137-140
3469021-1	1987	Both xanthine dehydrogenase (XD) and xanthine oxidase (XO) catalyze the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine, and xanthine to uric acid.	Hypoxanthine	86-98	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	37-53
2437821-2	1987	Inosinic acid formed from the enzyme-catalyzed reaction of hypoxanthine and PP-ribose-P using partially purified hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase is measured after chromatography on an ion-exchange column (Partisil 10 SAX).	Hypoxanthine	59-71	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	113-159
3104208-4	1987	Gonococcal type 1 IgA1 protease was produced primarily by N. gonorrhoeae strains which require arginine, hypoxanthine, and uracil (AHU) and which belong to the protein IA-1 or IA-2 serovar.	Hypoxanthine	105-117	immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1	Homo sapiens	18-22
3091593-3	1986	Adenosine has been implicated as a major source for intraerythrocytic hypoxanthine production via deamination and phosphorolysis, utilizing adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase, respectively.	Hypoxanthine	70-82	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	140-159
3569637-2	1987	This may be due to salvaging guanine by the enzyme hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT), or to competition for a common membrane carrier involved in mediated transport of both guanine and hypoxanthine in normal biosynthesis and also of MPA.	Hypoxanthine	51-63	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	100-105
3091593-3	1986	Adenosine has been implicated as a major source for intraerythrocytic hypoxanthine production via deamination and phosphorolysis, utilizing adenosine deaminase and purine nucleoside phosphorylase, respectively.	Hypoxanthine	70-82	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	164-195
3746429-2	1986	The formation of inosine and hypoxanthine as a measure of ADA activity in homogenates of brain was optimal at pH 7.0, linear for up to 60 min at 37 degrees C using 500 microM adenosine as substrate, and linear with protein concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 0.8 mg.	Hypoxanthine	29-41	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	58-61
3532845-1	1986	Human retroplacental serum (RPS) containing polyamine oxidase inhibited the growth of the Camp strain of Plasmodium falciparum in vitro as assayed by the parasite"s decreased incorporation of 3H-hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	192-207	polyamine oxidase	Homo sapiens	44-61
3016191-3	1986	Since 5"-AMP, adenosine, inosine, and hypoxanthine appeared in the culture medium after incubation with cAMP or Bt2-cAMP, we have determined their effect on nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite outgrowth.	Hypoxanthine	38-50	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	157-176
3016191-3	1986	Since 5"-AMP, adenosine, inosine, and hypoxanthine appeared in the culture medium after incubation with cAMP or Bt2-cAMP, we have determined their effect on nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neurite outgrowth.	Hypoxanthine	38-50	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	178-181
3942743-2	1986	Part of the slow entry of hypoxanthine seems to be due to non-mediated permeation, but the remainder is saturable, strongly inhibited by uridine, nitrobenzylthioinosine and dipyridamole and not detectable in a nucleoside-transport-deficient mutant of S49 cells (AE1).	Hypoxanthine	26-38	solute carrier family 4 (anion exchanger), member 1	Mus musculus	262-265
3484740-2	1986	The concentrations of exogenous hypoxanthine required to reverse azaserine toxicity and replenish azaserine-depleted nucleoside triphosphate pools in AE1 cells, a nucleoside transport-deficient clone, were about 10-fold higher than those required for wild type cells.	Hypoxanthine	32-44	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	150-153
3484740-5	1986	The addition of submicromolar concentrations of either p-nitrobenzylthioinosine or dipyridamole, two potent inhibitors of nucleoside transport, to wild type cells mimicked the phenotype of the AE1 cells with respect to hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	219-231	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	193-196
3484740-6	1986	AE1 cells or p-nitrobenzylthioinosine-treated wild type cells could only transport hypoxanthine at 10-25% the rate of untreated wild type cells, whereas 80-5D2 cells could transport hypoxanthine more efficiently.	Hypoxanthine	83-95	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-3
3484740-6	1986	AE1 cells or p-nitrobenzylthioinosine-treated wild type cells could only transport hypoxanthine at 10-25% the rate of untreated wild type cells, whereas 80-5D2 cells could transport hypoxanthine more efficiently.	Hypoxanthine	182-194	solute carrier family 4 member 1 (Diego blood group)	Homo sapiens	0-3
3456059-4	1986	Three mutant clones were established, which have remained hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) deficient for a period of 7 months, as shown by indirect measurements with the use of autoradiography and scintillation counting of cells exposed to [3H]hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	58-70	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	98-102
3941107-6	1986	The activity staining pattern remains the same whether hypoxanthine or guanine is used as the substrate, further supporting the existence of a single protein, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase.	Hypoxanthine	55-67	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	159-205
4047319-6	1985	The factors contributing to the increase of the uric acid in CSF under the condition of postoperative meningitis were thought to be 1) increased permeability of the blood-CSF barrier, 2) neutrophilia in the CSF and increase of the nucleic acid due to it, 3) increase of hypoxanthine, xanthine or xanthine oxidase activity in the central nervous system and 4) dysfunction of the CSF dynamics.	Hypoxanthine	270-282	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	61-64
3491799-0	1986	Kinetic analysis of the immunopotentiating effect of the hypoxanthine analogue, NPT-15392, on the interleukin-2 production potential of human lymphocytes.	Hypoxanthine	57-69	interleukin 2	Homo sapiens	98-111
3161610-7	1985	After an expression period of 7 days, during which the cultures were subcultured twice, HGPRT- mutants were selected by plating in hypoxanthine-free medium containing 5 micrograms of 6-thioguanine per ml, at a density of 2 X 10(5) cells per 100 mm dish.	Hypoxanthine	131-143	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Cricetulus griseus	88-93
2992450-2	1985	A similar product was observed with myeloperoxidase in the presence of hypoxanthine, xanthine oxidase and Cl-.	Hypoxanthine	71-83	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	36-51
4005552-2	1985	This peak is increased by microinfusion of uric acid or xanthine oxidase (which enhances conversion of hypoxanthine and xanthine to uric acid) and is decreased or eliminated by microinfusion of uricase.	Hypoxanthine	103-115	urate oxidase	Rattus norvegicus	194-201
3873611-7	1985	The TGr clones tested have less than 10% hypoxanthine incorporation in vivo relative to unselected clones and have stable phenotypes in the absence of selection.	Hypoxanthine	41-53	thioredoxin reductase 3	Mus musculus	4-7
2860872-11	1985	It has now been found that in the presence of Fe(III), O2, and an appropriate electron donor (hypoxanthine or NADPH, respectively) glutamine synthetase is also inactivated by either milk xanthine oxidase or Clostridial nicotinate hydroxylase.	Hypoxanthine	94-106	glutamate-ammonia ligase	Homo sapiens	131-151
2983925-5	1985	Evaluation of the distribution of radiolabel in both cell and medium demonstrated that human macrophages with intact ADA metabolize dAR under physiological conditions to deoxyinosine and hypoxanthine exclusively.	Hypoxanthine	187-199	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	117-120
2983925-5	1985	Evaluation of the distribution of radiolabel in both cell and medium demonstrated that human macrophages with intact ADA metabolize dAR under physiological conditions to deoxyinosine and hypoxanthine exclusively.	Hypoxanthine	187-199	Allatostatin A receptor 2	Drosophila melanogaster	132-135
3838707-2	1985	Simultaneously, xanthine dehydrogenase is converted to xanthine oxidase, an enzyme that converts hypoxanthine to xanthine, and xanthine to uric acid, producing a superoxide anion for each molecule of hypoxanthine or xanthine oxidized.	Hypoxanthine	97-109	xanthine dehydrogenase	Canis lupus familiaris	16-38
3838707-2	1985	Simultaneously, xanthine dehydrogenase is converted to xanthine oxidase, an enzyme that converts hypoxanthine to xanthine, and xanthine to uric acid, producing a superoxide anion for each molecule of hypoxanthine or xanthine oxidized.	Hypoxanthine	200-212	xanthine dehydrogenase	Canis lupus familiaris	16-38
2985821-4	1985	The hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine selectability of the thymidine kinase gene carried by this virus has been exploited to develop three mutants defective in the p21 ras sequence.	Hypoxanthine	4-16	cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (P21)	Mus musculus	165-168
3972817-2	1985	Four of the eight hypoxanthine/aminopterin/thymidine-containing medium-resistant, TK+ transfectants were shown to produce different amounts of chicken glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase by zymogram analysis.	Hypoxanthine	18-30	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase	Gallus gallus	151-191
3881043-2	1985	Production of labeled inosine and hypoxanthine from adenosine was considerably lower in adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient cells than in normal cells and virtually eliminated in normal cells by the presence of 1 microM deoxycoformycin (a potent ADA inhibitor), suggesting that labeled inosine and hypoxanthine production requires ADA activity.	Hypoxanthine	298-310	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	109-112
6462247-5	1984	We find that the level of c-myc messenger RNA shows a rapid biphasic change in MEL cells induced to differentiate by dimethyl sulphoxide or hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	140-152	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Homo sapiens	26-31
3881043-2	1985	Production of labeled inosine and hypoxanthine from adenosine was considerably lower in adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient cells than in normal cells and virtually eliminated in normal cells by the presence of 1 microM deoxycoformycin (a potent ADA inhibitor), suggesting that labeled inosine and hypoxanthine production requires ADA activity.	Hypoxanthine	34-46	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	88-107
3881043-2	1985	Production of labeled inosine and hypoxanthine from adenosine was considerably lower in adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient cells than in normal cells and virtually eliminated in normal cells by the presence of 1 microM deoxycoformycin (a potent ADA inhibitor), suggesting that labeled inosine and hypoxanthine production requires ADA activity.	Hypoxanthine	34-46	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	109-112
3881043-2	1985	Production of labeled inosine and hypoxanthine from adenosine was considerably lower in adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient cells than in normal cells and virtually eliminated in normal cells by the presence of 1 microM deoxycoformycin (a potent ADA inhibitor), suggesting that labeled inosine and hypoxanthine production requires ADA activity.	Hypoxanthine	34-46	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	246-249
3881043-2	1985	Production of labeled inosine and hypoxanthine from adenosine was considerably lower in adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient cells than in normal cells and virtually eliminated in normal cells by the presence of 1 microM deoxycoformycin (a potent ADA inhibitor), suggesting that labeled inosine and hypoxanthine production requires ADA activity.	Hypoxanthine	34-46	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	246-249
3939140-4	1985	Our studies demonstrate that myoglobin, in the presence of hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase, catalyze the peroxidation of arachidonic acid.	Hypoxanthine	59-71	myoglobin	Homo sapiens	29-38
3939543-1	1985	The low activity of the human variant HPRT Cape Town is associated with substrate inhibition by hypoxanthine and guanine in vitro.	Hypoxanthine	96-108	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	38-42
3939543-5	1985	These results indicate that if substrate inhibition is responsible for the low intracellular activity of HPRT Cape Town, the concentration of either hypoxanthine or guanine in the vicinity of the active site of the enzyme must be greater than the Ki(app) for these substrates, 118 and 28 mumol L(-1) respectively.	Hypoxanthine	149-161	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	105-109
6392474-4	1984	The mutants appeared to retain some A-PRT activity in crude extracts, and strains of the genotype ade2 apt1 responded to both adenine and hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	138-150	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase APT1	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	103-107
6206848-1	1984	The hepatic metabolism of hypoxanthine was investigated by studying both the fate of labelled hypoxanthine, added at micromolar concentrations to isolated rat hepatocyte suspensions, and the kinetic properties of purified hypoxanthine/guanine phosphoribosyltransferase from rat liver.	Hypoxanthine	26-38	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	222-268
6206848-10	1984	In the presence of 5 microM-hypoxanthine and 2.5 microM-phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate, the mixture of nucleotides inhibited the activity of purified hypoxanthine/guanine phosphoribosyltransferase by 95%.	Hypoxanthine	28-40	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	148-194
6323433-4	1984	This hypothesis was tested by measuring the catalytic activity of 12 different iron chelates using hypoxanthine and xanthine oxidase to generate O-.2.	Hypoxanthine	99-111	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39	Homo sapiens	145-149
6547789-4	1984	The increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations and the cytotoxicity of hypoxanthine plus xanthine oxidase were not affected by superoxide dismutase, but were strongly inhibited by catalase.	Hypoxanthine	75-87	catalase	Cricetulus griseus	184-192
6327016-8	1984	For both liver and hepatoma HGPRT, the reciprocal plots for hypoxanthine and guanine yielded the same Km of 3 microM.	Hypoxanthine	60-72	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	28-33
6327061-3	1984	Transformants expressing human transferrin receptor were isolated by selection on hypoxanthine/aminopterin/thymidine (HAT) medium and fluorescence-activated cell sorting of HAT-resistant cells.	Hypoxanthine	82-94	transferrin receptor	Homo sapiens	31-51
6714325-2	1984	Intercellular communication was measured as the transfer of [3H]hypoxanthine-derived nucleotides between RLB hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase+ (HPRT+) and RLB HPRT- cells.	Hypoxanthine	64-76	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Rattus norvegicus	109-156
6706936-7	1984	This amino acid substitution lies within the putative hypoxanthine-binding site of human hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase possibly explaining its selective effect on intrinsic enzyme activity and binding of hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	54-66	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	89-135
6526001-1	1984	Correlation of HPRT activity with hypoxanthine utilization and growth in selection media.	Hypoxanthine	34-46	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	15-19
6656991-4	1983	Hypoxanthine and xanthine levels in CSF were each approximately 2.5 microM.	Hypoxanthine	0-12	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	36-39
6526001-2	1984	In the present study, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) has been investigated in fibroblasts of 19 patients from 16 different families with HPRT deficiency, concerning activity, incorporation of 14C-hypoxanthine, and growth in 8-azaguanine and HAT (hypoxanthine, azaserine, thymidine containing) selection media.	Hypoxanthine	22-34	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	62-66
6204922-2	1984	The affected males were found to have markedly reduced levels of erythrocytic hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) activity; these were 5-12% with hypoxanthine and 0.5-3% with guanine as compared to controls.	Hypoxanthine	78-90	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	126-131
6614674-2	1983	Activity of hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) was studied in an intact fibroblast system in which the pattern of incorporation of isotope of 14C-labeled hypoxanthine into its purine products was assessed.	Hypoxanthine	12-24	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	61-66
6199667-6	1983	Hypoxanthine is phosphoribosylated by hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase.	Hypoxanthine	0-12	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Leishmania donovani	38-84
6334216-4	1983	WI-L2-729-HF2 cells fuse at high frequency with mitogen-stimulated human b cells resulting in the rapid appearance (within 2 weeks) of stable hybridomas in hypoxanthine/aminopterin/thymidine (HAT) medium.	Hypoxanthine	156-168	complement factor H	Homo sapiens	10-13
6622825-7	1983	Hypoxanthine transport by HPRT deficient cells suspended in serum-free medium containing 2 uM hypoxanthine was inhibited by N6-methyladenosine in a dose-dependent manner.	Hypoxanthine	0-12	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Cricetulus griseus	26-30
6622825-7	1983	Hypoxanthine transport by HPRT deficient cells suspended in serum-free medium containing 2 uM hypoxanthine was inhibited by N6-methyladenosine in a dose-dependent manner.	Hypoxanthine	94-106	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Cricetulus griseus	26-30
6622825-8	1983	When HPRT deficient cells were preincubated for 15 min in 200 uM N6-methyladenosine, a concentration which when present during the transport assay reduces transport to 5% of control, the subsequent transport of hypoxanthine in the absence of inhibitor was 65% of control.	Hypoxanthine	211-223	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Cricetulus griseus	5-9
6622825-10	1983	In HPRT deficient cells N6-methyladenosine was a far more effective inhibitor of hypoxanthine transport than adenosine.	Hypoxanthine	81-93	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Cricetulus griseus	3-7
6191988-1	1983	Hypoxanthine (Hx) and allopurinol (HPP) have been shown experimentally to reduce the conversion of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) to FUMP by orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRTase).	Hypoxanthine	0-12	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	132-165
6191988-1	1983	Hypoxanthine (Hx) and allopurinol (HPP) have been shown experimentally to reduce the conversion of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) to FUMP by orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRTase).	Hypoxanthine	0-12	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	167-174
6191988-1	1983	Hypoxanthine (Hx) and allopurinol (HPP) have been shown experimentally to reduce the conversion of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) to FUMP by orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRTase).	Hypoxanthine	14-16	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	132-165
6191988-1	1983	Hypoxanthine (Hx) and allopurinol (HPP) have been shown experimentally to reduce the conversion of 5-fluorouracil (FUra) to FUMP by orotate phosphoribosyltransferase (OPRTase).	Hypoxanthine	14-16	uridine monophosphate synthetase	Homo sapiens	167-174
6406252-2	1983	CHW-1102, which is deficient in hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT+), incorporated a [3H]purine metabolite(s) from medium in which B82 cells, but not V79, A9 and BHK cells, had been grown for 24 h with [3H]hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	32-44	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Cricetulus griseus	81-87
6572373-3	1983	This enzyme variant, which is called HPRTLondon, is characterized by a decreased concentration of HPRT protein in erythrocytes and lymphoblasts, a normal Vmax, a 5-fold increased Km for hypoxanthine, a normal isoelectric point, and an apparently smaller subunit molecular weight.	Hypoxanthine	186-198	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	37-41
6852123-1	1983	A significant and reproducible enhancement of purine nucleotide synthesis from hypoxanthine occurs in HAT medium, when communication-competent hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT+) cells are co-cultured with communication-competent (HGPRT-) LN cells.	Hypoxanthine	79-91	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	143-189
6852123-1	1983	A significant and reproducible enhancement of purine nucleotide synthesis from hypoxanthine occurs in HAT medium, when communication-competent hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT+) cells are co-cultured with communication-competent (HGPRT-) LN cells.	Hypoxanthine	79-91	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	191-196
6852123-1	1983	A significant and reproducible enhancement of purine nucleotide synthesis from hypoxanthine occurs in HAT medium, when communication-competent hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT+) cells are co-cultured with communication-competent (HGPRT-) LN cells.	Hypoxanthine	79-91	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	251-256
6188805-6	1983	The observation that certain isolated depressive symptoms appear to relate to hypoxanthine/xanthine in CSF is consistent with the hypothesis of a central role of purines in behaviour.	Hypoxanthine	78-90	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	103-106
14582166-1	1982	Biochemical transformation of Ltk- cells with the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (tk) gene resulted in numerous TK+ colonies that survived selection in hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine medium.	Hypoxanthine	159-171	leukocyte receptor tyrosine kinase	Homo sapiens	30-33
6848504-1	1983	Thrombin-stimulated platelet secretion is accompanied by a 30% reduction in the steady state level of cytosolic ATP, a breakdown that proceeds through ADP, AMP, IMP, and inosine to hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	181-193	coagulation factor II, thrombin	Homo sapiens	0-8
6300847-3	1983	Transfection of HPRT-deficient mouse LA9 cells with the purified plasmid leads to the expression of human HPRT enzyme activity in cells stably transfected and selected for enzyme activity in hypoxanthine/aminopterin/thymidine medium.	Hypoxanthine	191-203	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	16-20
6958362-2	1982	In each case, it was found that exogenous purines (guanosine, deoxyguanosine, adenosine, deoxyadenosine, and hypoxanthine) both reduced and potentiated MTX cytotoxicity depending on the MTX concentration.	Hypoxanthine	109-121	metaxin 1	Homo sapiens	152-155
6292103-6	1982	Both A. fumigatus and R. oryzae hyphae were damaged by the myeloperoxidase-hydrogen peroxide-halide system either with reagent hydrogen peroxide or enzymatic systems for generating hydrogen peroxide (glucose oxidase with glucose, or xanthine oxidase with either hypoxanthine or acetaldehyde).	Hypoxanthine	262-274	myeloperoxidase	Homo sapiens	59-74
7104338-1	1982	The kinetics of hypoxanthine transport were measured in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient Novikoff cells by rapid kinetic techniques applying both zero-trans and equilibrium exchange protocols.	Hypoxanthine	16-28	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	56-94
6284006-4	1982	Ceruloplasmin, at concentrations present in normal plasma, inhibited reduction of both cytochrome c and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) mediated by the aerobic action of xanthine oxidase on hypoxanthine (a superoxide-generating system).	Hypoxanthine	186-198	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	0-13
6284006-4	1982	Ceruloplasmin, at concentrations present in normal plasma, inhibited reduction of both cytochrome c and nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) mediated by the aerobic action of xanthine oxidase on hypoxanthine (a superoxide-generating system).	Hypoxanthine	186-198	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	87-99
6284006-6	1982	Furthermore, in an experimental system in which contact between ceruloplasmin and indicator was prevented by a relatively impermeable lipid membrane barrier, ceruloplasmin inhibited reduction of NBT trapped within liposomes exposed to xanthine oxidase and hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	256-268	ceruloplasmin	Homo sapiens	158-171
6811144-2	1982	Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) activity in the mutants was determined for both hypoxanthine and azaguanine as substrates.	Hypoxanthine	94-106	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Cricetulus griseus	0-38
6811144-2	1982	Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) activity in the mutants was determined for both hypoxanthine and azaguanine as substrates.	Hypoxanthine	94-106	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Cricetulus griseus	40-44
6952874-0	1981	Effect of NADH on hypoxanthine hydroxylation by native NAD+-dependent xanthine oxidoreductase of rat liver, and the possible biological role of this effect.	Hypoxanthine	18-30	xanthine dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	70-93
6952874-1	1981	The course of the reaction sequence hypoxanthine leads to xanthine leads to uric acid, catalysed by the NAD+-dependent activity of xanthine oxidoreductase, was investigated under conditions either of immediate oxidation of the NADH formed or of NADH accumulation.	Hypoxanthine	36-48	xanthine dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	131-154
6952874-6	1981	The inhibition of the Xanthine oxidoreductase NAD+-dependent activity by NADH is discussed as a possible factor in the regulation of IMP biosynthesis by the "de novo" pathway or (from unchanged hypoxanthine) by ther salvage pathway.	Hypoxanthine	194-206	xanthine dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	22-45
7314248-4	1981	HPRT Michaelis constant (KM) for hypoxanthine and phosphoribosylpyrophosphate, and maximal reaction rate (Vm) offered considerable differences between all the resistant clones and sensitive cells.	Hypoxanthine	33-45	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Cricetulus griseus	0-4
6255057-2	1980	In combination with the enzymes nucleoside phosphorylase and xanthine oxidase, inosine, formed by hydrolysis of 5"-IMP by 5"-nucleotidase, is cleaved phosphorolytically to hypoxanthine, which is oxidized to uric acid.	Hypoxanthine	172-184	5'-nucleotidase ecto	Homo sapiens	122-137
7275307-1	1981	In an in vitro assay, malarial parasites (Plasmodium vinckei petteri) taken from mice 7 to 8 h after the injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) incorporated significantly less hypoxanthine into nucleic acid than did parasites from saline-treated controls.	Hypoxanthine	185-197	toll-like receptor 4	Mus musculus	148-151
6945488-5	1981	For these patients the frequency of raised hypoxanthine and uric acid values in the CSF was twice as high as in Group A.	Hypoxanthine	43-55	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	84-87
6945488-11	1981	All these deceased patients showed extremely high hypoxanthine + xanthine and uric acid concentrations in their CSF.	Hypoxanthine	50-62	colony stimulating factor 2	Homo sapiens	112-115
7027497-5	1981	HPRT extracted from NBR4 had decreased affinity of both hypoxanthine and PRPP relative to wild type.	Hypoxanthine	56-68	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	0-4
7228032-1	1981	Hypoxanthine incorporation was studied in growing HPRT mutant cells by preincubating them with extracts from normal cells, HPRT mutant cells, and extracts of their lyophilized cell sediment.	Hypoxanthine	0-12	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	50-54
7228032-1	1981	Hypoxanthine incorporation was studied in growing HPRT mutant cells by preincubating them with extracts from normal cells, HPRT mutant cells, and extracts of their lyophilized cell sediment.	Hypoxanthine	0-12	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	123-127
7446528-4	1980	The TIC-1 variant is activated by adenine and inhibited by folic acid to the same extent as the type-A enzyme, while the stimulation of the activity of the TIC-1 enzyme by hypoxanthine and the inhibition of it by uric acid is similar to that for the B enzyme.	Hypoxanthine	172-184	SPARC (osteonectin), cwcv and kazal like domains proteoglycan 1	Homo sapiens	4-9
7446528-4	1980	The TIC-1 variant is activated by adenine and inhibited by folic acid to the same extent as the type-A enzyme, while the stimulation of the activity of the TIC-1 enzyme by hypoxanthine and the inhibition of it by uric acid is similar to that for the B enzyme.	Hypoxanthine	172-184	SPARC (osteonectin), cwcv and kazal like domains proteoglycan 1	Homo sapiens	156-161
7402756-6	1980	However, the Km of APRTase for hypoxanthine in these subjects was the same as that in the normal adults.	Hypoxanthine	31-43	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	19-26
7402756-9	1980	The Km of HGPRTase for hypoxanthine in cultivated cells and human tissues were similar to that in erythrocytes and leukocytes.	Hypoxanthine	23-35	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	10-18
7394700-5	1980	We also present evidence which shows that such mutants arise through a mutation that specifically alters the HPRT molecule so that the enzyme no longer recognizes 8-azaguanine as a substrate, while remaining catalytically functional with hypoxanthine and 6-thioguanine.	Hypoxanthine	238-250	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	109-113
7363876-5	1980	Hypoxanthine can be oxidized further to uric acid by xanthine oxidase or to allantoin by xanthine oxidase and uricase.	Hypoxanthine	0-12	urate oxidase (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	110-117
6291560-2	1980	The superoxide anion (O-2) was generated in vitro using the xanthine oxidase-hypoxanthine system.	Hypoxanthine	77-89	immunoglobulin kappa variable 1D-39	Homo sapiens	22-25
6258915-5	1980	In HGPRT-containing cells, salvage IMP synthesis from preformed and exogenously supplied hypoxanthine is the main source for IMP production.	Hypoxanthine	89-101	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	3-8
388444-3	1979	All 30 somatic cell hybrids selected in hypoxanthine/aminopterin/thymidine medium expressed human acid alpha-glucosidase and galactokinase (EC 2.7.1.6) and retained human chromosome 17; counterselection of the same hybrids in medium containing 5-bromodeoxyuridine resulted in the growth of hybrids that concordantly lost the expression of human acid alpha-glucosidase and galactokinase as well as human chromosome 17.	Hypoxanthine	40-52	galactokinase 1	Homo sapiens	125-138
291939-8	1979	Because the Chinese hamster cell line (380) used for cell hybridization is deficient in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT; IMP: pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase, EC 2.4.2.8), that part of the mouse X chromosome carrying the complementing Hprt gene can be identified by selection in hypoxanthine/aminopterin/thymidine medium and counterselection in 8-azaguanine.	Hypoxanthine	88-100	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Cricetulus griseus	128-132
435498-12	1979	In vivo, HPRT+ cells, in contrast to HPRT- cells, may be operating purine de novo synthesis at a reduced rate because of their ability to reutilise hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	148-160	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	9-13
477861-2	1979	PRPP is reacted with excess hypoxanthine in the presence of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase.	Hypoxanthine	28-40	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	60-106
223645-4	1979	In the presence of allopurinol, and inhibitor of xanthine dehydrogenase, hypoxanthine accumulated in the medium as the end-product of adenosine catabolism.	Hypoxanthine	73-85	xanthine dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	49-71
435498-4	1979	Fetal calf serum, which was used to supplement the assay and cell growth medium, was found to contain sufficient quantities of the purine base hypoxanthine to inhibit purine de novo synthesis in HPRT+ cells.	Hypoxanthine	143-155	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	195-199
762946-2	1979	In comparison to normal HGPRTase the mutant enzyme from erythrocytes was found to have an elevated apparent Km-value for hypoxanthine and guanine and a lower Km-value for PRPP.	Hypoxanthine	121-133	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	24-32
295042-3	1979	Hypoxanthine-aminopterine thymidine-selected hybrid clones expressing rat hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) and containing the rat X chromosome were counterselected in a medium containing 30 micrograms/ml of 6-thioguanine.	Hypoxanthine	0-35	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	74-112
295042-3	1979	Hypoxanthine-aminopterine thymidine-selected hybrid clones expressing rat hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) and containing the rat X chromosome were counterselected in a medium containing 30 micrograms/ml of 6-thioguanine.	Hypoxanthine	0-35	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	114-118
295042-3	1979	Hypoxanthine-aminopterine thymidine-selected hybrid clones expressing rat hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) and containing the rat X chromosome were counterselected in a medium containing 30 micrograms/ml of 6-thioguanine.	Hypoxanthine	0-35	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	121-154
437792-1	1979	The uptake of adenine and hypoxanthine in HGPRT-deficient and normal human erythrocytes was measured using a rapid filtering centrifugation technique.	Hypoxanthine	26-38	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	42-47
437792-3	1979	The transport of hypoxanthine into HGPRT-deficient erythrocytes differs from that into normal cells with respect to a higher accumulation capacity, to lower initial velocities and to the kinetic properties of the translocator.	Hypoxanthine	17-29	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	35-40
295042-3	1979	Hypoxanthine-aminopterine thymidine-selected hybrid clones expressing rat hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) and containing the rat X chromosome were counterselected in a medium containing 30 micrograms/ml of 6-thioguanine.	Hypoxanthine	0-35	glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	156-160
295042-3	1979	Hypoxanthine-aminopterine thymidine-selected hybrid clones expressing rat hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) and containing the rat X chromosome were counterselected in a medium containing 30 micrograms/ml of 6-thioguanine.	Hypoxanthine	0-35	phosphoglycerate kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	167-190
295042-3	1979	Hypoxanthine-aminopterine thymidine-selected hybrid clones expressing rat hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) and containing the rat X chromosome were counterselected in a medium containing 30 micrograms/ml of 6-thioguanine.	Hypoxanthine	0-35	phosphoglycerate kinase 1	Rattus norvegicus	192-195
712639-3	1978	When the renal metabolism of [14C]hypoxanthine was inhibited by xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitors, almost no excess 14C-label appeared in the urine of the infused side suggesting that formation of nephrogenic urate plays an important role in the tubular excretion of hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	34-46	xanthine dehydrogenase	Gallus gallus	64-86
282949-2	1978	Hypoxanthine--guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) activity was measured in erythrocyte haemolysates and quadriceps muscle extracts of normal and dystrophic 129 ReJ and C57 BL/6J mice with [8(-14)C]hypoxanthine as substrate and 5-phosphorylribose 1-pyrophosphate as a ribose 5-phosphate donor.	Hypoxanthine	203-215	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	0-47
282949-2	1978	Hypoxanthine--guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) activity was measured in erythrocyte haemolysates and quadriceps muscle extracts of normal and dystrophic 129 ReJ and C57 BL/6J mice with [8(-14)C]hypoxanthine as substrate and 5-phosphorylribose 1-pyrophosphate as a ribose 5-phosphate donor.	Hypoxanthine	203-215	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	49-54
99741-3	1978	The purine overproduction that is characteristic of a deficiency in either the transferase or the phosphorylase and that results from a block in purine reutilization can be demonstrated by the resistance of [14C]formate incorporation into purines to inhibition by hypoxanthine in the case of hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase-deficient fibroblasts and by resistance to inhibition by inosine in the case of purine nucleoside phosphorylase-deficient fibroblasts.	Hypoxanthine	264-276	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	411-442
891652-0	1977	Transport of hypoxanthine by human diploid skin fibroblasts deficient in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase.	Hypoxanthine	13-25	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	73-119
912950-2	1977	Identification of the major component in TFg, a precursor of Tx, as hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	68-80	trafficking from ER to golgi regulator	Homo sapiens	41-44
844191-1	1977	Xanthine oxidase and guanase activities in normal and psoriatic epidermis were demonstrated and accurately assayed by the new micro-assay methods which rely on the isolation of 14C-labelled end-products, xanthine and uric acid, from the substrates, hypoxanthine and guanine, by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membrane using 0.1 M borate buffer, pH 9.0.	Hypoxanthine	249-261	guanine deaminase	Homo sapiens	21-28
18484-2	1977	These hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine resistant revertant clone had 45-55% of wild-type cell HGPRT activity.	Hypoxanthine	6-18	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	96-101
18484-4	1977	Apparent Km values of HGPRT for hypoxanthine and 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate were similar in wild-type and revertant cells.	Hypoxanthine	32-44	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	22-27
560213-3	1977	Mutant cells are resistant to 6-thioguanine at 33-39 degrees C and sensitive to hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine at 37-39 degrees C, but not at 33 degrees C. We hypothesize that a single structural mutation of HPRT can explain these results.	Hypoxanthine	80-92	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	212-216
862666-0	1977	Hypoxanthine transport in normal and hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) deficient diploid human lymphoblasts.	Hypoxanthine	0-12	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	37-83
862666-0	1977	Hypoxanthine transport in normal and hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) deficient diploid human lymphoblasts.	Hypoxanthine	0-12	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	85-90
305334-2	1977	Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT, EC 2.4.2.8) catalyses the conversion of hypoxanthine and guinine into their respective nucleotides.	Hypoxanthine	95-107	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-46
305334-2	1977	Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT, EC 2.4.2.8) catalyses the conversion of hypoxanthine and guinine into their respective nucleotides.	Hypoxanthine	95-107	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	48-53
932196-2	1976	In the present study, the conversion of hypoxanthine to phosphorylated products was measured in intact skin fibroblasts and in cell extracts from seven patients with mutant hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) and six control subjects.	Hypoxanthine	40-52	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	173-219
993266-6	1976	The utilization of [3H]hypoxanthine by communicating mixtures of HPRT+ and HPRT- human cells is not significantly different than in the normal cells alone.	Hypoxanthine	23-35	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	65-69
993266-6	1976	The utilization of [3H]hypoxanthine by communicating mixtures of HPRT+ and HPRT- human cells is not significantly different than in the normal cells alone.	Hypoxanthine	23-35	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	75-79
972164-2	1976	Those which are drug resistant by virtue of a deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) fail to take up any exogenous hypoxanthine or azaguanine.	Hypoxanthine	60-72	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Cricetulus griseus	108-112
972164-4	1976	The results suggest that their basis for resistance resides in lowered incorporation of azaguanine into DNA and RNA, possibly due to a mofified HPRT molecule which accepts hypoxanthine, but not azaguanine as a substrate.	Hypoxanthine	172-184	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Cricetulus griseus	144-148
932196-2	1976	In the present study, the conversion of hypoxanthine to phosphorylated products was measured in intact skin fibroblasts and in cell extracts from seven patients with mutant hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) and six control subjects.	Hypoxanthine	40-52	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	221-225
14997605-8	1976	In many clones, HGPRT activity increased as the hypoxanthine concentration was reduced.	Hypoxanthine	48-60	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Cricetulus griseus	16-21
1390-7	1976	Respective Kis calculated were 1.25 x 10(-5) M for guanine and 2.5 x 10(-5) M for hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	82-94	serine/threonine-protein kinase Kist	Oryctolagus cuniculus	11-14
1182198-2	1975	Adenosine deaminase was assayed by measuring the formation of product, inosine (plus traces of hypoxanthine), isolated chromatographically with 95% recovery of inosine.	Hypoxanthine	95-107	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	0-19
1178522-4	1975	For these last; the Cd-N bonds are appreciably out of the planes of the hypoxanthine bases so that the angle between these planes is only 31.4 degrees.	Hypoxanthine	72-84	5', 3'-nucleotidase, cytosolic	Homo sapiens	20-24
4753213-0	1973	Transport of hypoxanthine in fibroblasts with normal and mutant hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase.	Hypoxanthine	13-25	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	64-110
4426333-0	1974	Incorporation of hypoxanthine by PHA-stimulated HPRT-deficient lymphocytes.	Hypoxanthine	17-29	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	48-52
33746782-0	2021	Hypoxanthine Induces Muscular ATP Depletion and Fatigue via UCP2.	Hypoxanthine	0-12	uncoupling protein 2 (mitochondrial, proton carrier)	Mus musculus	60-64
4791194-0	1973	Resistance of erythrocyte adenine phosphoribosyltransferase in the Lesch-Nyhan syndrome to destabilization to heat by hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	118-130	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	26-59
5763653-0	1969	Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase: further evidence for the identity of the binding sites for hypoxanthine and guanine.	Hypoxanthine	107-119	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-46
34000416-3	2021	Xanthine oxidase is the rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the degradation of hypoxanthine and xanthine into uric acid.	Hypoxanthine	79-91	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	0-16
33548240-9	2021	Overexpression of AMPD3 in H9c2 cells elevated levels of hypoxanthine and ROS and reduced the level of ATP.	Hypoxanthine	57-69	adenosine monophosphate deaminase 3	Rattus norvegicus	18-23
33578127-2	2021	The main XOR activities are: (i) xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) activity that performs the last two steps of purine catabolism, from hypoxanthine to uric acid; (ii) xanthine oxidase (XO) activity that, besides purine catabolism, produces reactive oxygen species (ROS); (iii) nitrite reductase activity that generates nitric oxide, contributing to vasodilation and regulation of blood pressure; (iv) NADH oxidase activity that produces ROS.	Hypoxanthine	131-143	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	9-12
33578127-2	2021	The main XOR activities are: (i) xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) activity that performs the last two steps of purine catabolism, from hypoxanthine to uric acid; (ii) xanthine oxidase (XO) activity that, besides purine catabolism, produces reactive oxygen species (ROS); (iii) nitrite reductase activity that generates nitric oxide, contributing to vasodilation and regulation of blood pressure; (iv) NADH oxidase activity that produces ROS.	Hypoxanthine	131-143	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	33-55
33578127-2	2021	The main XOR activities are: (i) xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) activity that performs the last two steps of purine catabolism, from hypoxanthine to uric acid; (ii) xanthine oxidase (XO) activity that, besides purine catabolism, produces reactive oxygen species (ROS); (iii) nitrite reductase activity that generates nitric oxide, contributing to vasodilation and regulation of blood pressure; (iv) NADH oxidase activity that produces ROS.	Hypoxanthine	131-143	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	57-60
33827820-4	2021	Mechanistically, GAT2 deficiency boosts the betaine/S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)/hypoxanthine metabolic pathway to inhibit transcription factor KID3 expression through the increased DNA methylation in its promoter region.	Hypoxanthine	79-91	solute carrier family 6 member 13	Homo sapiens	17-21
33854690-6	2021	In the human body, xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) catalyzes the oxidative hydroxylation of hypoxanthine to xanthine to uric acid, with the accompanying production of ROS.	Hypoxanthine	90-102	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	19-42
33854690-6	2021	In the human body, xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) catalyzes the oxidative hydroxylation of hypoxanthine to xanthine to uric acid, with the accompanying production of ROS.	Hypoxanthine	90-102	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	44-47
33565347-5	2021	Up-regulated Ribulose-5-Phosphate and NADPH/NADP+ level, SOD1, and CAT expression by ouabain enabled OCI-Ly3 cells to resist ROS, while enhanced hypoxanthine and guanine oxidation promoting ROS generation by ouabain, and lowered capacity of scavenging ROS indicated by lowered SOD1 and CAT expression and NADPH/NADP+ levels in Su-DHL4 cells made it more vulnerable to apoptosis through caspase 7 pathway.	Hypoxanthine	145-157	catalase	Homo sapiens	67-70
33580173-1	2021	Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine, and of xanthine to uric acid.	Hypoxanthine	57-69	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-23
33580173-1	2021	Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine, and of xanthine to uric acid.	Hypoxanthine	57-69	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	25-28
32880889-7	2021	The growth inhibitory effect with accompanying energy spilling, respectively hypoxanthine secretion and cessation of cAMP formation is not unique to the production of hFGF-2 but observed during the production of other proteins and also during overexpression of genes without transcript translation.	Hypoxanthine	77-89	fibroblast growth factor 2	Homo sapiens	167-173
33501915-6	2021	Among cells that consumed lysine and released hypoxanthine, ecm21 mutations repeatedly arose.	Hypoxanthine	46-58	Ecm21p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	60-65
33501915-8	2021	ecm21 is also partner-serving, increasing hypoxanthine release rate per lysine consumption and the steady state growth rate of partner.	Hypoxanthine	42-54	Ecm21p	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	0-5
32789757-6	2021	Both, XO and XDH, catalyse the conversion of hypoxanthine via xanthine to uric acid, the former by using oxygen forming superoxide and hydrogen peroxide and the latter NAD+.	Hypoxanthine	45-57	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	13-16
32868309-8	2020	In addition, we found that purinergic analog, hypoxanthine, promotes FAT3 expression in BV2 and mouse primary microglia.	Hypoxanthine	46-58	FAT atypical cadherin 3	Mus musculus	69-73
32868309-9	2020	FAT3 expression induced by hypoxanthine extends the time of sustaining the elongated forms in BV2.	Hypoxanthine	27-39	FAT atypical cadherin 3	Mus musculus	0-4
32868309-10	2020	These data suggest that the hypoxanthine-FAT3 axis is a novel pathway associated with microglial morphology.	Hypoxanthine	28-40	FAT atypical cadherin 3	Mus musculus	41-45
32868309-16	2020	We found that FAT3 expression is induced by purinergic derivative, hypoxanthine, and is necessary for sustaining microglial morphology after changing to elongated shapes in vitro Because both purinergic metabolism and FAT3 pathway have been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, our findings may shed light on the novel approach for treating these disorders associated with a microglial abnormality.	Hypoxanthine	67-79	FAT atypical cadherin 3	Mus musculus	14-18
33370225-10	2022	RESULTS: In the presence of xanthine oxidase, hypoxanthine, alone and in combination with RBC supernatants, caused increases of TNF-alpha- and IL-8-positive cells after 5 hours of treatment.	Hypoxanthine	46-58	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	128-137
33370225-10	2022	RESULTS: In the presence of xanthine oxidase, hypoxanthine, alone and in combination with RBC supernatants, caused increases of TNF-alpha- and IL-8-positive cells after 5 hours of treatment.	Hypoxanthine	46-58	C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8	Homo sapiens	143-147
33290201-4	2021	OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to isolate and characterize AAH by learning its kinetic mode of action using preferred substrate Adenine and additives estimated through expected product formation Hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	206-218	aspartate beta-hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	70-73
33258913-6	2020	To gain insights into the deaminated-induced mutagenesis, we solved crystal structures of human DNA polymerase eta (poleta) catalyzing across xanthine and hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	155-167	DNA polymerase eta	Homo sapiens	96-114
32893671-8	2020	Treatment with an XOR inhibitor can decrease uric acid for preventing gout, reduce production of XO-related ROS, and promote reutilization of hypoxanthine and ATP production through the salvage pathway.	Hypoxanthine	142-154	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	18-21
33096031-5	2020	Xanthine dehydrogenase converted the hypoxanthine to uric acid and yielded two molecules of NADH, which in turn reduced Fe3+ to Fe2+ (mediated by 1-methoxy-5-ethylphenazinium ethylsulfate).	Hypoxanthine	37-49	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-22
32996975-1	2020	In purine metabolism, the xanthine oxidoreductase enzyme converts hypoxanthine (HXN) to xanthine (XN) and XN to uric acid (UA).	Hypoxanthine	66-78	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	26-49
33042620-8	2020	Metabonomics analysis showed that SLFN5 influences many metabolic pathways and especially decreases purine metabolites, including inosine, xanthine, and hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	153-165	schlafen family member 5	Homo sapiens	34-39
31916414-1	2020	AIMS: Uric acid is synthesized by oxidation of hypoxanthine and xanthine using a catalyzing enzyme, xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), which can be a source of reactive oxygen species.	Hypoxanthine	47-59	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	100-123
32853477-2	2020	The enzyme hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) recycles hypoxanthine to generate substrates for nucleotide synthesis and key metabolites, and here we show that HPRT deficiency in the rat disrupts early embryonic development and causes infertility in females.	Hypoxanthine	11-23	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Rattus norvegicus	51-55
31916414-1	2020	AIMS: Uric acid is synthesized by oxidation of hypoxanthine and xanthine using a catalyzing enzyme, xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), which can be a source of reactive oxygen species.	Hypoxanthine	47-59	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	125-128
32547961-8	2020	However, the expressions of the enzymes related to hypoxanthine synthesis and guanosine metabolism were elevated significantly in ssrA (small stable RNA, tmRNA) deletion strain, which eventually caused an augmented metabolic product xanthine.	Hypoxanthine	51-63	ssrA	Aeromonas veronii	130-134
33132325-1	2020	Xanthine and hypoxanthine are intermediate metabolites of uric acid and a source of reactive oxidative species (ROS) by xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), suggesting that facilitating their elimination is beneficial.	Hypoxanthine	13-25	xanthine dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	145-148
32864084-4	2020	We design a bifunctional double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) substrate with a hypoxanthine base (I) in one strand for hAAG recognition and an uracil (U) base in the other strand for UDG recognition, whose cleavage by APE1 generates two corresponding primers.	Hypoxanthine	70-82	apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1	Homo sapiens	209-213
32404047-9	2020	XDH could affect purine metabolism by suppressing the expression of hypoxanthine and xanthine leading to low serum levels of uric acid in OTLF, which could be a focal point in developing new therapeutic methods for OTLF.	Hypoxanthine	68-80	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-3
32380118-10	2020	Specificity of hAAG towards different DNA lesions was evaluated using a multiplex oligonucleotide-cleavage assay, confirming the ability of hAAG to detect ethenoadenines and hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	174-186	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	15-19
32380118-10	2020	Specificity of hAAG towards different DNA lesions was evaluated using a multiplex oligonucleotide-cleavage assay, confirming the ability of hAAG to detect ethenoadenines and hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	174-186	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	140-144
31624844-9	2020	The phosSNP rs3184504 (p.Trp262Arg) at SH2B3 was significantly associated with RA, SH2B3 expression level, and plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TC, hypoxanthine and 80 proteins, including beta-2-microglobulin.	Hypoxanthine	207-219	SH2B adaptor protein 3	Homo sapiens	39-44
31624844-9	2020	The phosSNP rs3184504 (p.Trp262Arg) at SH2B3 was significantly associated with RA, SH2B3 expression level, and plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TC, hypoxanthine and 80 proteins, including beta-2-microglobulin.	Hypoxanthine	207-219	SH2B adaptor protein 3	Homo sapiens	83-88
31624844-9	2020	The phosSNP rs3184504 (p.Trp262Arg) at SH2B3 was significantly associated with RA, SH2B3 expression level, and plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TC, hypoxanthine and 80 proteins, including beta-2-microglobulin.	Hypoxanthine	207-219	beta-2-microglobulin	Homo sapiens	247-267
32420127-0	2020	Proteomic analysis of oxidative stress response in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs): role of heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) in hypoxanthine-induced oxidative stress in HUVECs.	Hypoxanthine	136-148	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	108-124
32420127-0	2020	Proteomic analysis of oxidative stress response in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs): role of heme oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) in hypoxanthine-induced oxidative stress in HUVECs.	Hypoxanthine	136-148	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	126-131
32420127-11	2020	Conclusions: We found that HMOX1 was closely related to the oxidative stress response induced by hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	97-109	heme oxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	27-32
31683036-11	2020	Decreased expression of Myc gene required for oxidative stress and Fgfr2 gene required for profibrotic signaling were observed in failing hearts treated with HX and WYYQ, respectively.	Hypoxanthine	158-160	MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor	Rattus norvegicus	24-27
31683036-11	2020	Decreased expression of Myc gene required for oxidative stress and Fgfr2 gene required for profibrotic signaling were observed in failing hearts treated with HX and WYYQ, respectively.	Hypoxanthine	158-160	fibroblast growth factor receptor 2	Rattus norvegicus	67-72
31989565-2	2020	Here, we describe a high-throughput method for identifying mouse spleen lymphocytes with mutations in the endogenous X-linked hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (Hprt) gene and the endogenous autosomal thymidine kinase (Tk) gene.	Hypoxanthine	126-161	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	175-179
31091128-7	2019	Treatment of TALs with O2- produced by exogenous xanthine oxidase (1 mU/ml) and hypoxanthine (500 microM) stimulated surface NKCC2 expression by ~18 +- 5% (P < 0.05).	Hypoxanthine	80-92	solute carrier family 12 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	125-130
31111951-4	2019	Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of genes encoding melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), calpain 1 (CAPN1), and adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) on body weight, muscle fiber, and content of purine and its derivatives (i.e., adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine), to develop molecular markers for breeding programs.	Hypoxanthine	250-262	melanocortin 4 receptor	Gallus gallus	68-91
31111951-4	2019	Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of genes encoding melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), calpain 1 (CAPN1), and adenylosuccinate lyase (ADSL) on body weight, muscle fiber, and content of purine and its derivatives (i.e., adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine), to develop molecular markers for breeding programs.	Hypoxanthine	250-262	adenylosuccinate lyase	Gallus gallus	147-151
31130575-1	2019	Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), an enzyme of uric acid formation from hypoxanthine and xanthine, is recognized as a source of oxidative stress.	Hypoxanthine	69-81	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-23
31130575-1	2019	Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), an enzyme of uric acid formation from hypoxanthine and xanthine, is recognized as a source of oxidative stress.	Hypoxanthine	69-81	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	25-28
31563800-6	2019	The nanohybrid was applied as electrochemical sensors for single/simultaneous analysis of uric acid (UA), xanthine (XT) and hypoxanthine (HX).	Hypoxanthine	124-136	hemopexin	Homo sapiens	138-140
31160323-5	2019	Here we present the crystal structures of hAPRT complexed to three cellular nucleotide analogs (hypoxanthine, IMP, and GMP) that we compare with the phosphate-bound enzyme.	Hypoxanthine	96-108	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	42-47
30068899-2	2018	Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of uric acid from hypoxanthine and xanthine, leading to an increase in superoxide and reactive oxygen species.	Hypoxanthine	90-102	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-23
30740729-2	2019	UA excess, causing renal failure, is commonly decreased by xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitors, such as allopurinol, yielding a xanthine and hypoxanthine increase.	Hypoxanthine	146-158	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	59-82
30740729-2	2019	UA excess, causing renal failure, is commonly decreased by xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitors, such as allopurinol, yielding a xanthine and hypoxanthine increase.	Hypoxanthine	146-158	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	84-87
30740729-11	2019	Our results demonstrate effective PNP inhibition by low inhibitor concentration, with reduced hypoxanthine release, and no appreciable toxicity in control or patient cells, suggesting a new therapeutic strategy for LND hyperuricemia.	Hypoxanthine	94-106	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	34-37
30895693-5	2019	The Hprt gene of the endogenous X chromosome was inactivated by CRISPR/Cas9 technology thus allowing the exploitation of the hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine selection system to introduce a normal donor X chromosome by microcell-mediated chromosome transfer.	Hypoxanthine	125-137	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	4-8
30609614-1	2019	Human alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (hAAG) is an important protein enzyme which can specifically recognize and initiate the repair of a variety of alkylated purines and hypoxanthine, and the dysregulation of hAAG activity is associated with various human diseases.	Hypoxanthine	168-180	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	36-40
30837873-8	2019	Similarly, beneficial effects have been seen in heart, skeletal muscle, or brain after treatment with allopurinol or febuxostat to inhibit xanthine oxidoreductase, which catalyzes hypoxanthine -> xanthine and xanthine -> urate reactions.	Hypoxanthine	180-192	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	139-162
30068899-2	2018	Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of uric acid from hypoxanthine and xanthine, leading to an increase in superoxide and reactive oxygen species.	Hypoxanthine	90-102	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	25-28
30320253-7	2018	The biosensor showed a highly selective H2O2 signal with current sensitivity and detection limit values 0.1303 muA muM-1 and 990 nM, respectively, with tolerable interference from the common biochemicals like dissolved oxygen, cysteine, ascorbic acid, glucose, xanthine, hypoxanthine, uric acid, and hydrazine.	Hypoxanthine	271-283	PWWP domain containing 3A, DNA repair factor	Homo sapiens	115-120
29643318-1	2018	BACKGROUND: Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of uric acid from hypoxanthine and xanthine, leading to an increase in superoxide and reactive oxygen species.	Hypoxanthine	102-114	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	12-35
29877616-0	2018	Hypoxanthine Secretion from Human Adipose Tissue and its Increase in Hypoxia.	Hypoxanthine	0-12	WD and tetratricopeptide repeats 1	Mus musculus	34-41
29877616-13	2018	CONCLUSIONS: The present study revealed that hypoxanthine was secreted from human adipose tissue, and the secretion might be increased in local hypoxia.	Hypoxanthine	45-57	WD and tetratricopeptide repeats 1	Mus musculus	82-89
29643318-1	2018	BACKGROUND: Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is an enzyme that catalyzes the formation of uric acid from hypoxanthine and xanthine, leading to an increase in superoxide and reactive oxygen species.	Hypoxanthine	102-114	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	37-40
29233758-6	2018	In kinetic analysis, Ld-XPRT could phosphoribosylate xanthine, hypoxanthine and guanine with Km values of 7.27, 8.13, 8.48muM and kcat values of 2.24, 1.82, 1.19min-1 respectively.	Hypoxanthine	63-75	xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase	Leishmania donovani	24-28
29684895-1	2018	Xanthine oxidase, which catalyzes the oxidative reaction of hypoxanthine and xanthine into uric acid, is a key enzyme to the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia and gout.	Hypoxanthine	60-72	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	0-16
29483189-7	2018	Supplementation of Mthfd1l-null MEFs with formate, hypoxanthine, or combined hypoxanthine and thymidine restored their growth to wildtype levels.	Hypoxanthine	51-63	methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 1-like	Mus musculus	19-26
29483189-7	2018	Supplementation of Mthfd1l-null MEFs with formate, hypoxanthine, or combined hypoxanthine and thymidine restored their growth to wildtype levels.	Hypoxanthine	77-89	methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 1-like	Mus musculus	19-26
29483189-9	2018	Tracer experiments also revealed lower proportions of labeled hypoxanthine and inosine monophosphate in Mthfd1l-null than in wildtype MEFs, suggesting that Mthfd1l deletion results in increased reliance on the purine salvage pathway.	Hypoxanthine	62-74	methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent) 1-like	Mus musculus	104-111
28640361-7	2017	After validation, the 3 top metabolites (xanthine, hypoxanthine, and d-mannose) were validated: lower levels of xanthine and hypoxanthine and higher levels of d-mannose were found in PLP and CRC cases versus controls.	Hypoxanthine	51-63	proteolipid protein 1	Homo sapiens	183-186
29420256-7	2018	Supplementation with hypoxanthine and thymidine completely reversed the antiproliferative activity of MTX in NAMPT-deficient cells and corresponded to repletion of the cellular ATP pool without any effect on NAD levels.	Hypoxanthine	21-33	nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase	Homo sapiens	109-114
29406992-4	2018	Thus, we hypothesize that adenine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, 2,8-dihydroxyadenine and uric acid may potentially interfere with the activity of AChE.	Hypoxanthine	35-47	acetylcholinesterase (Cartwright blood group)	Homo sapiens	141-145
29416770-7	2018	The HPRT1 mutation dramaticly decreased the production of [13C5,15N4]-IMP from [13C5,15N4]-hypoxanthine (HX), showed a loss-of-funciton mechanism.	Hypoxanthine	91-103	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	4-9
29148771-4	2017	Using the ONIOM(QM:MM) methodology, we provide fundamental atomic level details of AAG bound to DNA-containing a neutral substrate (hypoxanthine (Hx)), a nonsubstrate (G), or a cationic substrate (7-methylguanine (7MeG)) and probe changes in the reaction pathway that occur when AAG targets different nucleotides.	Hypoxanthine	132-144	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	83-86
29306799-8	2018	Hypoxanthine, guanine, inosine and guanosine are salvaged to IMP and GMP by hypoxanthine/guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.8) and inosine/guanosine kinase (EC 2.7.1.73).	Hypoxanthine	0-12	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	76-122
29132796-2	2017	In maintaining normal whole-body purine levels, xanthine oxidase (XOD) is a key enzyme in the purine metabolic pathway, as it catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and finally to uric acid.	Hypoxanthine	153-165	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	48-64
29132796-2	2017	In maintaining normal whole-body purine levels, xanthine oxidase (XOD) is a key enzyme in the purine metabolic pathway, as it catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and finally to uric acid.	Hypoxanthine	153-165	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	66-69
30023537-2	2017	Tuning substrate electronics and reaction conditions resulted in the development of highly efficient sp2-sp, sp2-sp2, and sp2-sp3 cross-coupling conditions for modification of 3-deazaadenine to access C3-modified adenine and hypoxanthine scaffolds.	Hypoxanthine	225-237	Sp2 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	101-104
30023537-2	2017	Tuning substrate electronics and reaction conditions resulted in the development of highly efficient sp2-sp, sp2-sp2, and sp2-sp3 cross-coupling conditions for modification of 3-deazaadenine to access C3-modified adenine and hypoxanthine scaffolds.	Hypoxanthine	225-237	Sp2 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	109-112
30023537-2	2017	Tuning substrate electronics and reaction conditions resulted in the development of highly efficient sp2-sp, sp2-sp2, and sp2-sp3 cross-coupling conditions for modification of 3-deazaadenine to access C3-modified adenine and hypoxanthine scaffolds.	Hypoxanthine	225-237	Sp2 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	109-112
30023537-2	2017	Tuning substrate electronics and reaction conditions resulted in the development of highly efficient sp2-sp, sp2-sp2, and sp2-sp3 cross-coupling conditions for modification of 3-deazaadenine to access C3-modified adenine and hypoxanthine scaffolds.	Hypoxanthine	225-237	Sp2 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	109-112
30023537-2	2017	Tuning substrate electronics and reaction conditions resulted in the development of highly efficient sp2-sp, sp2-sp2, and sp2-sp3 cross-coupling conditions for modification of 3-deazaadenine to access C3-modified adenine and hypoxanthine scaffolds.	Hypoxanthine	225-237	Sp3 transcription factor	Homo sapiens	126-129
28640361-7	2017	After validation, the 3 top metabolites (xanthine, hypoxanthine, and d-mannose) were validated: lower levels of xanthine and hypoxanthine and higher levels of d-mannose were found in PLP and CRC cases versus controls.	Hypoxanthine	125-137	proteolipid protein 1	Homo sapiens	183-186
28355168-10	2017	CONCLUSION: In school-age children, uric acid and the ratios of uric acid/xanthine and xanthine/hypoxanthine were significantly associated with DBP z-scores.	Hypoxanthine	96-108	D-box binding PAR bZIP transcription factor	Homo sapiens	144-147
27677364-10	2017	Plasma aspartate concentration was increased (P<0.05), whereas plasma glutamine, hypoxanthine and uric acid concentrations were decreased (P<0.05) by BCAA supplementation.	Hypoxanthine	84-96	AT-rich interaction domain 4B	Homo sapiens	156-160
28527616-8	2017	It is concluded that the H2O2 needed for catalase activity is derived from the oxidation of (hypo)xanthine by xanthine oxidase and the oxidation of urate by uricase.	Hypoxanthine	92-106	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	41-49
28403945-1	2017	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The enzyme xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) catalyzes the formation of uric acid (UA) from hypoxanthine and xanthine, which in turn are products of purine metabolism starting from ribose-5-phosphate.	Hypoxanthine	109-121	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	32-55
28403945-1	2017	BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The enzyme xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) catalyzes the formation of uric acid (UA) from hypoxanthine and xanthine, which in turn are products of purine metabolism starting from ribose-5-phosphate.	Hypoxanthine	109-121	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	57-60
28244322-3	2017	However, when in combination with doxorubicin and methotrexate, Pd2Spm induced strong metabolic deviations on lipids, choline compounds, amino acids, nucleotides, and compounds related to antioxidative mechanisms (e.g., glutathione, inositol, hypoxanthine), similarly to the cDDP cocktail.	Hypoxanthine	243-255	PAF1 homolog, Paf1/RNA polymerase II complex component	Homo sapiens	64-67
27013467-6	2017	Intrastriatal administration of hypoxanthine increased IL-6 levels in striatum of both ages of rats tested, while TNF-alpha increased only in 21-day-old rats.	Hypoxanthine	32-44	interleukin 6	Rattus norvegicus	55-59
27013467-7	2017	Hypoxanthine also increased nuclear immunocontent of NF-kappaB/p65 subunit in striatum of both ages of rats.	Hypoxanthine	0-12	nuclear factor kappa B subunit 1	Homo sapiens	53-62
27013467-7	2017	Hypoxanthine also increased nuclear immunocontent of NF-kappaB/p65 subunit in striatum of both ages of rats.	Hypoxanthine	0-12	synaptotagmin 1	Rattus norvegicus	63-66
27013467-8	2017	Nitrite levels were decreased in striatum of 21-day-old rats; however, the immunocontent of iNOS was increased in striatum of hypoxanthine groups.	Hypoxanthine	126-138	nitric oxide synthase 2	Rattus norvegicus	92-96
28228507-8	2017	Under folate deficiency, ALDH2 knockdown cells exhibited a 37% lower ratio of [14C]-formate to [3H]-hypoxanthine (P < 0.001) compared with wild-type HepG2 cells, indicating decreased use of exogenous formate, or increased endogenous formate synthesis, for de novo purine biosynthesis.Conclusions: In HepG2 cells, ADH5 is a source of formate for de novo purine biosynthesis, especially during folate deficiency when folate-dependent formate production is limited.	Hypoxanthine	100-112	aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member	Homo sapiens	25-30
27025273-3	2017	To understand better, how the step of nucleotide eversion influences the overall catalytic process, we performed a pre-steady-state kinetic analysis of AAG interaction with specific DNA-substrates, 13-base pair duplexes containing in the 7th position 1-N6-ethenoadenine (epsilonA), hypoxanthine (Hx), and the stable product analogue tetrahydrofuran (F).	Hypoxanthine	282-294	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	152-155
27976868-7	2017	Furthermore, the calculations show that the human PNP specificity for 6-oxopurines over 6-aminopurines originates from significant differences in electrostatic preorganization.	Hypoxanthine	70-82	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	50-53
28282408-1	2017	Excess of uric acid is mainly treated with xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors, also called uricostatics because they block the conversion of hypoxanthine and xanthine into urate.	Hypoxanthine	139-151	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	43-59
28282408-1	2017	Excess of uric acid is mainly treated with xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibitors, also called uricostatics because they block the conversion of hypoxanthine and xanthine into urate.	Hypoxanthine	139-151	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	61-63
28111550-3	2016	ROS generation, by either H/R or the ROS donor xanthine oxidase-hypoxanthine (XO/HX) activated all three MAPKs (ERK1/2, JNK, p38), and induced Egr-1 expression and Egr-1 DNA-binding activity in CMECs, whereas ROS scavengers (EDA and NAC) had the opposite effect following H/R.	Hypoxanthine	64-76	mitogen-activated protein kinase 3	Homo sapiens	112-118
28111550-3	2016	ROS generation, by either H/R or the ROS donor xanthine oxidase-hypoxanthine (XO/HX) activated all three MAPKs (ERK1/2, JNK, p38), and induced Egr-1 expression and Egr-1 DNA-binding activity in CMECs, whereas ROS scavengers (EDA and NAC) had the opposite effect following H/R.	Hypoxanthine	64-76	mitogen-activated protein kinase 1	Homo sapiens	125-128
28111550-3	2016	ROS generation, by either H/R or the ROS donor xanthine oxidase-hypoxanthine (XO/HX) activated all three MAPKs (ERK1/2, JNK, p38), and induced Egr-1 expression and Egr-1 DNA-binding activity in CMECs, whereas ROS scavengers (EDA and NAC) had the opposite effect following H/R.	Hypoxanthine	64-76	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	143-148
28111550-3	2016	ROS generation, by either H/R or the ROS donor xanthine oxidase-hypoxanthine (XO/HX) activated all three MAPKs (ERK1/2, JNK, p38), and induced Egr-1 expression and Egr-1 DNA-binding activity in CMECs, whereas ROS scavengers (EDA and NAC) had the opposite effect following H/R.	Hypoxanthine	64-76	early growth response 1	Homo sapiens	164-169
28111550-3	2016	ROS generation, by either H/R or the ROS donor xanthine oxidase-hypoxanthine (XO/HX) activated all three MAPKs (ERK1/2, JNK, p38), and induced Egr-1 expression and Egr-1 DNA-binding activity in CMECs, whereas ROS scavengers (EDA and NAC) had the opposite effect following H/R.	Hypoxanthine	64-76	ectodysplasin A	Homo sapiens	225-228
28111550-3	2016	ROS generation, by either H/R or the ROS donor xanthine oxidase-hypoxanthine (XO/HX) activated all three MAPKs (ERK1/2, JNK, p38), and induced Egr-1 expression and Egr-1 DNA-binding activity in CMECs, whereas ROS scavengers (EDA and NAC) had the opposite effect following H/R.	Hypoxanthine	64-76	X-linked Kx blood group	Homo sapiens	233-236
27396856-11	2016	Hypoxanthine and APOE knockdown using APOE-siRNA synergistically induced cholesterol accumulation and reduced APOE and ABCA1 expression.	Hypoxanthine	0-12	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	38-42
27798228-1	2016	Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is the rate-limiting enzyme in purine catabolism and converts hypoxanthine to xanthine, and xanthine into uric acid.	Hypoxanthine	92-104	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-23
27798228-1	2016	Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is the rate-limiting enzyme in purine catabolism and converts hypoxanthine to xanthine, and xanthine into uric acid.	Hypoxanthine	92-104	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	25-28
27906640-5	2016	Hypoxanthine deregulates early neuronal differentiation increasing WNT4 and EN1 gene expression.	Hypoxanthine	0-12	Wnt family member 4	Homo sapiens	67-71
27906640-5	2016	Hypoxanthine deregulates early neuronal differentiation increasing WNT4 and EN1 gene expression.	Hypoxanthine	0-12	engrailed homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	76-79
27396856-6	2016	Hypoxanthine markedly increased serum cholesterol levels and the atherosclerotic plaque area in Apoe KO mice.	Hypoxanthine	0-12	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	96-100
27396856-8	2016	Hypoxanthine increased cholesterol accumulation and decreased APOE and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) mRNA and protein expression in HepG2 cells.	Hypoxanthine	0-12	apolipoprotein E	Homo sapiens	62-66
27396856-11	2016	Hypoxanthine and APOE knockdown using APOE-siRNA synergistically induced cholesterol accumulation and reduced APOE and ABCA1 expression.	Hypoxanthine	0-12	ATP-binding cassette, sub-family A (ABC1), member 1	Mus musculus	119-124
27396856-8	2016	Hypoxanthine increased cholesterol accumulation and decreased APOE and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) mRNA and protein expression in HepG2 cells.	Hypoxanthine	0-12	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	71-106
27396856-8	2016	Hypoxanthine increased cholesterol accumulation and decreased APOE and ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) mRNA and protein expression in HepG2 cells.	Hypoxanthine	0-12	ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1	Homo sapiens	108-113
27396856-11	2016	Hypoxanthine and APOE knockdown using APOE-siRNA synergistically induced cholesterol accumulation and reduced APOE and ABCA1 expression.	Hypoxanthine	0-12	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	38-42
27396856-12	2016	Hypoxanthine induces cholesterol accumulation in hepatic cells through alterations in enzymes that control lipid transport and induces atherosclerosis in APOE-deficient cells and mice.	Hypoxanthine	0-12	apolipoprotein E	Mus musculus	154-158
27721668-1	2016	In Archaea repair of uracil and hypoxanthine, which arise by deamination of cytosine and adenine, respectively, is initiated by three enzymes: Uracil-DNA-glycosylase (UDG, which recognises uracil); Endonuclease V (EndoV, which recognises hypoxanthine); and Endonuclease Q (EndoQ), (which recognises both uracil and hypoxanthine).	Hypoxanthine	32-44	uracil DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	143-165
27721668-1	2016	In Archaea repair of uracil and hypoxanthine, which arise by deamination of cytosine and adenine, respectively, is initiated by three enzymes: Uracil-DNA-glycosylase (UDG, which recognises uracil); Endonuclease V (EndoV, which recognises hypoxanthine); and Endonuclease Q (EndoQ), (which recognises both uracil and hypoxanthine).	Hypoxanthine	32-44	uracil DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	167-170
27721668-1	2016	In Archaea repair of uracil and hypoxanthine, which arise by deamination of cytosine and adenine, respectively, is initiated by three enzymes: Uracil-DNA-glycosylase (UDG, which recognises uracil); Endonuclease V (EndoV, which recognises hypoxanthine); and Endonuclease Q (EndoQ), (which recognises both uracil and hypoxanthine).	Hypoxanthine	32-44	endonuclease V	Homo sapiens	198-212
27721668-1	2016	In Archaea repair of uracil and hypoxanthine, which arise by deamination of cytosine and adenine, respectively, is initiated by three enzymes: Uracil-DNA-glycosylase (UDG, which recognises uracil); Endonuclease V (EndoV, which recognises hypoxanthine); and Endonuclease Q (EndoQ), (which recognises both uracil and hypoxanthine).	Hypoxanthine	32-44	endonuclease V	Homo sapiens	214-219
27721668-1	2016	In Archaea repair of uracil and hypoxanthine, which arise by deamination of cytosine and adenine, respectively, is initiated by three enzymes: Uracil-DNA-glycosylase (UDG, which recognises uracil); Endonuclease V (EndoV, which recognises hypoxanthine); and Endonuclease Q (EndoQ), (which recognises both uracil and hypoxanthine).	Hypoxanthine	238-250	uracil DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	143-165
27721668-1	2016	In Archaea repair of uracil and hypoxanthine, which arise by deamination of cytosine and adenine, respectively, is initiated by three enzymes: Uracil-DNA-glycosylase (UDG, which recognises uracil); Endonuclease V (EndoV, which recognises hypoxanthine); and Endonuclease Q (EndoQ), (which recognises both uracil and hypoxanthine).	Hypoxanthine	238-250	uracil DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	167-170
27721668-1	2016	In Archaea repair of uracil and hypoxanthine, which arise by deamination of cytosine and adenine, respectively, is initiated by three enzymes: Uracil-DNA-glycosylase (UDG, which recognises uracil); Endonuclease V (EndoV, which recognises hypoxanthine); and Endonuclease Q (EndoQ), (which recognises both uracil and hypoxanthine).	Hypoxanthine	238-250	endonuclease V	Homo sapiens	198-212
27721668-1	2016	In Archaea repair of uracil and hypoxanthine, which arise by deamination of cytosine and adenine, respectively, is initiated by three enzymes: Uracil-DNA-glycosylase (UDG, which recognises uracil); Endonuclease V (EndoV, which recognises hypoxanthine); and Endonuclease Q (EndoQ), (which recognises both uracil and hypoxanthine).	Hypoxanthine	238-250	endonuclease V	Homo sapiens	214-219
27721668-1	2016	In Archaea repair of uracil and hypoxanthine, which arise by deamination of cytosine and adenine, respectively, is initiated by three enzymes: Uracil-DNA-glycosylase (UDG, which recognises uracil); Endonuclease V (EndoV, which recognises hypoxanthine); and Endonuclease Q (EndoQ), (which recognises both uracil and hypoxanthine).	Hypoxanthine	238-250	uracil DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	143-165
27721668-1	2016	In Archaea repair of uracil and hypoxanthine, which arise by deamination of cytosine and adenine, respectively, is initiated by three enzymes: Uracil-DNA-glycosylase (UDG, which recognises uracil); Endonuclease V (EndoV, which recognises hypoxanthine); and Endonuclease Q (EndoQ), (which recognises both uracil and hypoxanthine).	Hypoxanthine	238-250	uracil DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	167-170
27721668-1	2016	In Archaea repair of uracil and hypoxanthine, which arise by deamination of cytosine and adenine, respectively, is initiated by three enzymes: Uracil-DNA-glycosylase (UDG, which recognises uracil); Endonuclease V (EndoV, which recognises hypoxanthine); and Endonuclease Q (EndoQ), (which recognises both uracil and hypoxanthine).	Hypoxanthine	238-250	endonuclease V	Homo sapiens	198-212
27721668-1	2016	In Archaea repair of uracil and hypoxanthine, which arise by deamination of cytosine and adenine, respectively, is initiated by three enzymes: Uracil-DNA-glycosylase (UDG, which recognises uracil); Endonuclease V (EndoV, which recognises hypoxanthine); and Endonuclease Q (EndoQ), (which recognises both uracil and hypoxanthine).	Hypoxanthine	238-250	endonuclease V	Homo sapiens	214-219
26968365-1	2016	Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) (EC 2.4.2.8) reversibly catalyzes the transfer of the 5-phophoribosyl group from 5-phosphoribosyl-alpha-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP) to hypoxanthine or guanine to form inosine monophosphate (IMP) or guanosine monophosphate (GMP) in the purine salvage pathway.	Hypoxanthine	185-197	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	48-53
27173606-2	2016	The developed method considered and took advantage of the natural conversion from the ADA product, inosine to hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	110-122	adenosine deaminase	Mus musculus	86-89
27423335-2	2016	Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) catalyzes oxidative hydroxylation of hypoxanthine to xanthine to uric acid, accompanying the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).	Hypoxanthine	67-79	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-23
27423335-2	2016	Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) catalyzes oxidative hydroxylation of hypoxanthine to xanthine to uric acid, accompanying the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS).	Hypoxanthine	67-79	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	25-28
27170514-6	2016	With allopurinol, the hypoxanthine levels of B6-ChrXC(MSM) and Uox-KO were significantly lower than that of controls.	Hypoxanthine	22-34	urate oxidase	Mus musculus	63-66
26067813-2	2016	HGprt has two functions; it recycles hypoxanthine and guanine.	Hypoxanthine	37-49	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
26673227-6	2016	Because high concentrations of endogenous xanthine and hypoxanthine affect XOR activities, we employed a multi-component analysis using LC/HRMS to improve the accuracy of XOR activity assay.	Hypoxanthine	55-67	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	75-78
26843817-8	2016	G-Rg1 and G-Rg2 treatment influenced the levels of hypoxanthine, dihydrosphingosine, hexadecasphinganine, LPC C 16:0, and LPC C 18:0 in AD mice.	Hypoxanthine	51-63	protein phosphatase 1, regulatory subunit 3A	Mus musculus	2-5
26843817-8	2016	G-Rg1 and G-Rg2 treatment influenced the levels of hypoxanthine, dihydrosphingosine, hexadecasphinganine, LPC C 16:0, and LPC C 18:0 in AD mice.	Hypoxanthine	51-63	transducin-like enhancer of split 2	Mus musculus	10-15
26823950-1	2016	Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is the enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid and is widely distributed among species.	Hypoxanthine	76-88	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-23
26823950-1	2016	Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is the enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid and is widely distributed among species.	Hypoxanthine	76-88	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	25-28
26902413-2	2015	Human HGPRT follows a steady-state ordered mechanism, wherein PRPP binding precedes the binding of hypoxanthine/guanine and release of product IMP/GMP is the rate limiting step.	Hypoxanthine	99-111	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	6-11
26455426-5	2015	In addition, SLC43A3 expressed in MDCKII cells mediated the uptake of purine nucleobases such as adenine, guanine, and hypoxanthine without requiring typical driving ions such as Na(+) and H(+), but it did not mediate the uptake of nucleosides.	Hypoxanthine	119-131	solute carrier family 43 member 3	Canis lupus familiaris	13-20
25940910-6	2015	Hypoxanthine effects on RA-differentiation were examined by the changes on the expression of various transcription factor genes essential to neuronal differentiation and by the changes in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine, adenosine and serotonin receptors (DRD, ADORA, HTR).	Hypoxanthine	0-12	tyrosine hydroxylase	Homo sapiens	188-208
25940910-6	2015	Hypoxanthine effects on RA-differentiation were examined by the changes on the expression of various transcription factor genes essential to neuronal differentiation and by the changes in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine, adenosine and serotonin receptors (DRD, ADORA, HTR).	Hypoxanthine	0-12	dopamine receptor D1	Homo sapiens	260-263
25940910-6	2015	Hypoxanthine effects on RA-differentiation were examined by the changes on the expression of various transcription factor genes essential to neuronal differentiation and by the changes in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine, adenosine and serotonin receptors (DRD, ADORA, HTR).	Hypoxanthine	0-12	telomerase RNA component	Homo sapiens	272-275
25940910-7	2015	We report that hypoxanthine excess deregulate WNT4, from Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, and engrailed homeobox 1 gene and increased TH and dopamine DRD1, adenosine ADORA2A and serotonin HTR7 receptors, whose over expression characterize early neuro-developmental processes.	Hypoxanthine	15-27	Wnt family member 4	Homo sapiens	46-50
25940910-7	2015	We report that hypoxanthine excess deregulate WNT4, from Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, and engrailed homeobox 1 gene and increased TH and dopamine DRD1, adenosine ADORA2A and serotonin HTR7 receptors, whose over expression characterize early neuro-developmental processes.	Hypoxanthine	15-27	catenin beta 1	Homo sapiens	61-73
25940910-7	2015	We report that hypoxanthine excess deregulate WNT4, from Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, and engrailed homeobox 1 gene and increased TH and dopamine DRD1, adenosine ADORA2A and serotonin HTR7 receptors, whose over expression characterize early neuro-developmental processes.	Hypoxanthine	15-27	engrailed homeobox 1	Homo sapiens	87-107
25940910-7	2015	We report that hypoxanthine excess deregulate WNT4, from Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, and engrailed homeobox 1 gene and increased TH and dopamine DRD1, adenosine ADORA2A and serotonin HTR7 receptors, whose over expression characterize early neuro-developmental processes.	Hypoxanthine	15-27	dopamine receptor D1	Homo sapiens	143-147
25940910-7	2015	We report that hypoxanthine excess deregulate WNT4, from Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, and engrailed homeobox 1 gene and increased TH and dopamine DRD1, adenosine ADORA2A and serotonin HTR7 receptors, whose over expression characterize early neuro-developmental processes.	Hypoxanthine	15-27	adenosine A2a receptor	Homo sapiens	159-166
25940910-7	2015	We report that hypoxanthine excess deregulate WNT4, from Wnt/beta-catenin pathway, and engrailed homeobox 1 gene and increased TH and dopamine DRD1, adenosine ADORA2A and serotonin HTR7 receptors, whose over expression characterize early neuro-developmental processes.	Hypoxanthine	15-27	5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 7	Homo sapiens	181-185
26593410-0	2015	Effect of Hypoxanthine on Functional Activity of Nucleoside Transporters ENT1 and ENT2 in Caco-2 Polar Epithelial Intestinal Cells.	Hypoxanthine	10-22	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	73-77
26593410-0	2015	Effect of Hypoxanthine on Functional Activity of Nucleoside Transporters ENT1 and ENT2 in Caco-2 Polar Epithelial Intestinal Cells.	Hypoxanthine	10-22	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	82-86
25501928-1	2015	Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), which is widely distributed from humans to bacteria, has a key role in purine catabolism, catalyzing two steps of sequential hydroxylation from hypoxanthine to xanthine and from xanthine to urate at its molybdenum cofactor (Moco).	Hypoxanthine	175-187	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-23
26368337-5	2015	The crystal structures of HPEPG and HPEPHx (where Hx=hypoxanthine) in complex with human HGPRT were obtained, showing specific interactions with active site residues.	Hypoxanthine	53-65	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	89-94
26119820-8	2015	Moreover, we investigated the effects of ROS derived from XO on BCRP homodimer level directly in Caco-2 cells using hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	116-128	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	64-68
26119820-9	2015	Treatment with hypoxanthine decreased BCRP homodimer level.	Hypoxanthine	15-27	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	38-42
26119820-10	2015	Treatment with hypoxanthine induced mitochondrial dysfunction, suggesting that the decreasing BCRP homodimer level might be caused by mitochondrial dysfunction.	Hypoxanthine	15-27	ATP binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (Junior blood group)	Homo sapiens	94-98
25501928-1	2015	Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), which is widely distributed from humans to bacteria, has a key role in purine catabolism, catalyzing two steps of sequential hydroxylation from hypoxanthine to xanthine and from xanthine to urate at its molybdenum cofactor (Moco).	Hypoxanthine	175-187	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	25-28
25448155-0	2015	Hypoxanthine uptake by skeletal muscle microvascular endothelial cells from equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1)-null mice: effect of oxidative stress.	Hypoxanthine	0-12	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	76-114
25448155-0	2015	Hypoxanthine uptake by skeletal muscle microvascular endothelial cells from equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1)-null mice: effect of oxidative stress.	Hypoxanthine	0-12	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	116-120
25448155-8	2015	There was a reduction in the rate of ENBT1-mediated hypoxanthine uptake by ENT1(+/+) MVEC treated with menadione or after exposure to conditions that simulate ischemia/reperfusion.	Hypoxanthine	52-64	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 1	Mus musculus	75-79
25538240-1	2015	Human N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase (hMPG) initiates base excision repair of a number of structurally diverse purine bases including 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine, hypoxanthine, and alkylation adducts in DNA.	Hypoxanthine	156-168	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	6-36
25538240-1	2015	Human N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase (hMPG) initiates base excision repair of a number of structurally diverse purine bases including 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine, hypoxanthine, and alkylation adducts in DNA.	Hypoxanthine	156-168	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	38-42
25143052-9	2015	Higher HX concentration was observed in patients with ypStage 0-1 compared to ypStage 2-4 (p=0.034) or ypStage 3-4 (p=0.030); a similar difference was observed between TRG 4-3 and TRG 1 (p=0.035).	Hypoxanthine	7-9	tRNA-Gly (anticodon CCC) 2-2	Homo sapiens	168-173
25143052-9	2015	Higher HX concentration was observed in patients with ypStage 0-1 compared to ypStage 2-4 (p=0.034) or ypStage 3-4 (p=0.030); a similar difference was observed between TRG 4-3 and TRG 1 (p=0.035).	Hypoxanthine	7-9	tRNA-Gly (anticodon CCC) 1-1	Homo sapiens	180-185
25350109-7	2014	Apocynin, TTFA, chelerythrine, and SOD opposed the effects by hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	62-74	superoxide dismutase [Mn], mitochondrial	Cavia porcellus	35-38
25355292-2	2014	Here, we present the development of reproducible and specific enzymatic assays for methylpurine DNA glycosylase (MPG) repairing the oxidative lesions 1,N6-ethenoadenine (epsilonA) and hypoxanthine (Hx) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells protein extracts.	Hypoxanthine	184-196	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	83-111
25355292-2	2014	Here, we present the development of reproducible and specific enzymatic assays for methylpurine DNA glycosylase (MPG) repairing the oxidative lesions 1,N6-ethenoadenine (epsilonA) and hypoxanthine (Hx) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells protein extracts.	Hypoxanthine	184-196	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	113-116
25355292-2	2014	Here, we present the development of reproducible and specific enzymatic assays for methylpurine DNA glycosylase (MPG) repairing the oxidative lesions 1,N6-ethenoadenine (epsilonA) and hypoxanthine (Hx) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells protein extracts.	Hypoxanthine	198-200	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	83-111
25355292-2	2014	Here, we present the development of reproducible and specific enzymatic assays for methylpurine DNA glycosylase (MPG) repairing the oxidative lesions 1,N6-ethenoadenine (epsilonA) and hypoxanthine (Hx) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells protein extracts.	Hypoxanthine	198-200	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	113-116
24068103-2	2014	O2(-) was generated in Krebs" solution by reacting hypoxanthine with xanthine oxidase (Hx-XO) or with the O2(-) generator pyrogallol to model acute oxidative stress in vitro.	Hypoxanthine	51-63	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	69-85
24692658-5	2014	TDG targets the non-damaged DNA strand and efficiently excises T opposite of hypoxanthine (Hx), 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine, 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoadenine and abasic site in TpG/CpX context, where X is a modified residue.	Hypoxanthine	77-89	thymine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	0-3
24692658-5	2014	TDG targets the non-damaged DNA strand and efficiently excises T opposite of hypoxanthine (Hx), 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine, 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoadenine and abasic site in TpG/CpX context, where X is a modified residue.	Hypoxanthine	91-93	thymine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	0-3
23972113-0	2013	Effects of hypoxanthine substitution in peptide nucleic acids targeting KRAS2 oncogenic mRNA molecules: theory and experiment.	Hypoxanthine	11-23	Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog	Mus musculus	72-77
24940669-9	2014	Xanthine oxidase was converted to UA in mouse serum from hypoxanthine which was released from blood cells during incubation.	Hypoxanthine	57-69	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	0-16
26328123-1	2013	Xanthine dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid in the final two steps of the purine degradation process.	Hypoxanthine	50-62	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-22
23972113-5	2013	Using molecular dynamics simulations and free energy calculations, we show that hypoxanthine substitutions in PNAs are tolerated in KRAS2 RNA:PNA duplexes where wild type guanine is replaced by mutant uracil or adenine in RNA.	Hypoxanthine	80-92	Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog	Mus musculus	132-137
23116398-1	2013	Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), a complex flavoprotein, catalyzes the metabolic reactions leading from hypoxanthine to xanthine and from xanthine to urate, and both reactions take place at the molybdenum cofactor.	Hypoxanthine	102-114	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-23
23400363-0	2013	Effect of hypoxanthine, antioxidants and allopurinol on cholinesterase activities in rats.	Hypoxanthine	10-22	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	56-70
23400363-1	2013	In the present study, we investigate the in vitro effect of hypoxanthine on acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities in the hippocampus, striatum, cerebral cortex and serum of 15-, 30- and 60-day-old rats.	Hypoxanthine	60-72	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	76-96
23400363-5	2013	Hypoxanthine (10.0 muM), when added to the incubation medium, enhanced acetylcholinesterase activity in the hippocampus and striatum of 15- and 30-day-old rats and reduced butyrylcholinesterase activity in the serum of 60-day-old rats.	Hypoxanthine	0-12	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	71-91
23400363-7	2013	Data indicate that hypoxanthine alters cholinesterase activities, probably through free radicals and uric acid production since the alterations were prevented by the administration of allopurinol and antioxidants.	Hypoxanthine	19-31	butyrylcholinesterase	Homo sapiens	39-53
23305069-0	2013	Preparing a new biosensor for hypoxanthine determination by immobilization of xanthine oxidase and uricase in polypyrrole-polyvinyl sulphonate film.	Hypoxanthine	30-42	urate oxidase (pseudogene)	Homo sapiens	99-106
23877847-1	2013	BACKGROUND: Inhibition of xanthine oxidase by allopurinol increases hypoxanthine and xanthine, which are converted to purines, including the inhibitory neuromodulator adenosine.	Hypoxanthine	68-80	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	26-42
23116398-1	2013	Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), a complex flavoprotein, catalyzes the metabolic reactions leading from hypoxanthine to xanthine and from xanthine to urate, and both reactions take place at the molybdenum cofactor.	Hypoxanthine	102-114	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	25-28
23360294-1	2013	We herein investigated the in vitro effect of hypoxanthine on the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in erythrocytes, as well as on thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBA-RS), in the plasma of rats.	Hypoxanthine	46-58	glutathione peroxidase 1	Rattus norvegicus	148-154
23203137-1	2012	Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) catalyzes the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid with concomitant reduction of either NAD+ or O(2).	Hypoxanthine	58-70	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-23
23241220-4	2013	Together, FSH and GDF-9 increased HAS2 and versican (VCAN) mRNA levels, but decreased PCNA mRNA expression, compared with levels in follicles cultured in alpha-minimum essential medium supplemented with 3.0 mg mL-1 bovine serum albumin, 10 microg mL-1 insulin, 5.5 microg mL-1 transferrin, 5 ng mL-1 selenium, 2 mM glutamine, 2mM hypoxanthine and 50 mug mL-1 ascorbic acid (alpha-MEM+).	Hypoxanthine	330-342	growth differentiation factor 9	Bos taurus	18-23
23203137-1	2012	Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) catalyzes the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid with concomitant reduction of either NAD+ or O(2).	Hypoxanthine	58-70	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	25-28
22780445-5	2012	Hypoxanthine, a product of purine degradation, dominates the SERS spectrum of blood after ~10-20 h of storage at 8  C. The corresponding SERS spectrum of plasma isolated from the stored blood shows the same temporal release of hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	0-12	seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	61-65
22678977-1	2012	Xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), also known as xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), has long been recognized as the key enzyme in the catabolism of purines, oxidizing hypoxanthine into xanthine and then xanthine into uric acid.	Hypoxanthine	158-170	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-22
22678977-1	2012	Xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), also known as xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), has long been recognized as the key enzyme in the catabolism of purines, oxidizing hypoxanthine into xanthine and then xanthine into uric acid.	Hypoxanthine	158-170	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	24-27
22678977-1	2012	Xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), also known as xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), has long been recognized as the key enzyme in the catabolism of purines, oxidizing hypoxanthine into xanthine and then xanthine into uric acid.	Hypoxanthine	158-170	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	44-67
22678977-1	2012	Xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), also known as xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), has long been recognized as the key enzyme in the catabolism of purines, oxidizing hypoxanthine into xanthine and then xanthine into uric acid.	Hypoxanthine	158-170	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	69-72
22780445-5	2012	Hypoxanthine, a product of purine degradation, dominates the SERS spectrum of blood after ~10-20 h of storage at 8  C. The corresponding SERS spectrum of plasma isolated from the stored blood shows the same temporal release of hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	0-12	seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	137-141
22780445-5	2012	Hypoxanthine, a product of purine degradation, dominates the SERS spectrum of blood after ~10-20 h of storage at 8  C. The corresponding SERS spectrum of plasma isolated from the stored blood shows the same temporal release of hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	227-239	seryl-tRNA synthetase 2, mitochondrial	Homo sapiens	137-141
22099222-8	2012	This new approach is a valuable tool to PNP ligand screening, since it directly measures the hypoxanthine released by inosine phosphorolysis, thus furnishing more reliable results than those one used in a coupled enzymatic spectrophotometric assay.	Hypoxanthine	93-105	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	40-43
23030062-3	2012	In the presence of phosphate, PNPase catalyzes the phosphorolysis of inosine, generating hypoxanthine, which is oxidized to uric acid by XOD.	Hypoxanthine	89-101	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	30-36
22238346-3	2012	Leishmania donovani AAH is 38 and 23% identical to Saccharomyces cerevisiae AAH and human adenosine deaminase enzymes, respectively, catalyzes adenine deamination to hypoxanthine with an apparent K(m) of 15.4 muM, and does not recognize adenosine as a substrate.	Hypoxanthine	166-178	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	90-109
22378735-8	2012	Gestational supplementation of Mthfd1(gt/+) dams with hypoxanthine increased FGR frequency and caused occasional neural tube defects (NTDs) in Mthfd1(gt/+) embryos.	Hypoxanthine	54-66	methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent), methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase, formyltetrahydrofolate synthase	Mus musculus	31-37
22378735-8	2012	Gestational supplementation of Mthfd1(gt/+) dams with hypoxanthine increased FGR frequency and caused occasional neural tube defects (NTDs) in Mthfd1(gt/+) embryos.	Hypoxanthine	54-66	methylenetetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase (NADP+ dependent), methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase, formyltetrahydrofolate synthase	Mus musculus	143-149
22157001-5	2012	In the current studies 44 HPRT1 mutations associated with a wide spectrum of clinical phenotypes were reconstructed by site-directed mutagenesis, the mutant enzymes were expressed in vitro and purified, and their kinetic properties were examined toward their substrates hypoxanthine, guanine, and phosphoribosylpyrophosphate.	Hypoxanthine	270-282	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	26-31
21904906-4	2012	However, when the HPRT activity was measured at low substrate concentrations [phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) and hypoxanthine] and compared with usual assay conditions, the HPRT activity at lower PRPP was less in the propositus, suggesting altered enzyme kinetics.	Hypoxanthine	118-130	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	18-22
21904906-4	2012	However, when the HPRT activity was measured at low substrate concentrations [phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate (PRPP) and hypoxanthine] and compared with usual assay conditions, the HPRT activity at lower PRPP was less in the propositus, suggesting altered enzyme kinetics.	Hypoxanthine	118-130	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	178-182
22167616-1	2011	Xanthinuria is a rare autosomal recessive disorder associated with a deficiency of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), which normally catalyzes the conversion of hypoxanthine to uric acid.	Hypoxanthine	157-169	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	108-111
22041025-9	2011	However, using a molecular beacon assay to test lesion removal in vitro, we found that XRCC1 facilitates AAG-initiated excision of two key NO-induced DNA lesions: 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine and hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	188-200	X-ray repair cross complementing 1	Homo sapiens	87-92
22041025-9	2011	However, using a molecular beacon assay to test lesion removal in vitro, we found that XRCC1 facilitates AAG-initiated excision of two key NO-induced DNA lesions: 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine and hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	188-200	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	105-108
21959625-3	2011	Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) has been previously characterized as a housekeeping enzyme responsible for cellular uric acid formation via enzymatic conversion of hypoxanthine and xanthine.	Hypoxanthine	162-174	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-23
21959625-3	2011	Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) has been previously characterized as a housekeeping enzyme responsible for cellular uric acid formation via enzymatic conversion of hypoxanthine and xanthine.	Hypoxanthine	162-174	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	25-28
21710971-7	2011	Structures of Pa0148 with adenine, 6-chloropurine, and hypoxanthine were also determined, thereby permitting identification of the residues responsible for coordinating the substrate and product.	Hypoxanthine	55-67	adenosine deaminase	Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1	14-20
21795683-6	2011	The same study also revealed lower, but significant, transport of hypoxanthine by h/rENT1.	Hypoxanthine	66-78	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	84-89
21795683-8	2011	Fluxes of hypoxanthine, thymine, and adenine by hENT1 were saturable and inhibited by NBMPR.	Hypoxanthine	10-22	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	48-53
21396949-6	2011	Furthermore, co-treatment of cells with hypoxanthine plus 3-HK or MPA, which caused a reduction of about 60% in the intracellular GTP levels, led to apoptosis and activation of mitochondrial pathways through inverse regulation of Bcl-2/Bax expression and activation of caspase-3.	Hypoxanthine	40-52	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	230-235
21396949-6	2011	Furthermore, co-treatment of cells with hypoxanthine plus 3-HK or MPA, which caused a reduction of about 60% in the intracellular GTP levels, led to apoptosis and activation of mitochondrial pathways through inverse regulation of Bcl-2/Bax expression and activation of caspase-3.	Hypoxanthine	40-52	BCL2 associated X, apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	236-239
21396949-6	2011	Furthermore, co-treatment of cells with hypoxanthine plus 3-HK or MPA, which caused a reduction of about 60% in the intracellular GTP levels, led to apoptosis and activation of mitochondrial pathways through inverse regulation of Bcl-2/Bax expression and activation of caspase-3.	Hypoxanthine	40-52	caspase 3	Homo sapiens	269-278
21605007-4	2011	RESULTS: At baseline, the purines AMP and hypoxanthine correlated with multiple inflammatory markers including neutrophil counts and the cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and IL-1beta (r ranged from 0.41 to 0.66, all P < 0.05).	Hypoxanthine	42-54	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	202-211
21486037-5	2011	Human hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hHGPRT) catalyzes the phosphoribosylation of guanine and hypoxanthine, while the Plasmodium falciparum HGPRT (PfHGPRT) acts on xanthine as well.	Hypoxanthine	6-18	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	54-60
21486037-5	2011	Human hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hHGPRT) catalyzes the phosphoribosylation of guanine and hypoxanthine, while the Plasmodium falciparum HGPRT (PfHGPRT) acts on xanthine as well.	Hypoxanthine	6-18	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	55-60
20726841-8	2010	In addition, the HYD3-knockdown lines grew poorly on hypoxanthine, indicating impaired function of xanthine dehydrogenase, another cytosolic Fe-S enzyme.	Hypoxanthine	53-65	uncharacterized protein	Chlamydomonas reinhardtii	17-21
21247091-1	2011	Adenine deaminase (ADE) catalyzes the conversion of adenine to hypoxanthine and ammonia.	Hypoxanthine	63-75	adenine deaminase	Agrobacterium tumefaciens	0-17
21054786-1	2010	Human hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) (EC 2.4.2.8) catalyzes the conversion of hypoxanthine and guanine to their respective nucleoside monophosphates.	Hypoxanthine	6-18	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	54-58
21054786-6	2010	Using a thermal-melt assay, a nucleotide metabolome library was screened against PRTFDC1 and revealed that hypoxanthine and guanine specifically interacted with the enzyme.	Hypoxanthine	107-119	phosphoribosyl transferase domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	81-88
21054786-8	2010	However, the catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K(m)) of PRTFDC1 towards hypoxanthine and guanine was only 0.26% and 0.09%, respectively, of that of HPRT.	Hypoxanthine	67-79	phosphoribosyl transferase domain containing 1	Homo sapiens	51-58
21054786-8	2010	However, the catalytic efficiency (k(cat)/K(m)) of PRTFDC1 towards hypoxanthine and guanine was only 0.26% and 0.09%, respectively, of that of HPRT.	Hypoxanthine	67-79	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	143-147
21605007-4	2011	RESULTS: At baseline, the purines AMP and hypoxanthine correlated with multiple inflammatory markers including neutrophil counts and the cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and IL-1beta (r ranged from 0.41 to 0.66, all P < 0.05).	Hypoxanthine	42-54	interleukin 1 beta	Homo sapiens	218-226
21282358-4	2011	Because the growth of MTAP-deleted tumor cells is dependent on DNPS or hypoxanthine salvage, we would predict such cells to show differential sensitivity to 6-MP and 6-TG.	Hypoxanthine	71-83	methylthioadenosine phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	22-26
21167141-1	2011	Xanthine oxidase is a key enzyme that catalyses hypoxanthine and xanthine to uric acid and the overproduction of uric acid will lead to hyperuricemia which is an important cause of gout.	Hypoxanthine	48-60	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	0-16
20800925-6	2010	RESULTS: The hypoxanthine concentration was 23.0 +- 12 muM in early samples and 11.7 +- 6.8 muM in late samples (normal level ~2.0 muM).	Hypoxanthine	13-25	latexin	Homo sapiens	55-58
20840885-7	2010	Here, we show that binding to AAG is, in fact, dramatically more thermodynamically favorable for hypoxanthine, at least, a specific lesion, produced by oxidative deamination of adenine, than for undamaged adenine.	Hypoxanthine	97-109	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	30-33
20363738-12	2010	Biochemical studies further showed that hypoxanthine, unexpectedly, was an inefficient substrate for APRT, evidence that could account for the ability of the suppressors to metabolize hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	40-52	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Leishmania donovani	101-105
20615869-5	2010	Kinetic experiments demonstrate that >98% of hypoxanthine is hydroxylated at C-2 rather than C-8, indicating that the second crystallographically observed orientation is significantly less catalytically effective than the former.	Hypoxanthine	48-60	complement C2	Bos taurus	80-83
20615869-6	2010	Theoretical calculations suggest that enzyme selectivity for the C-2 over C-8 of hypoxanthine is largely due to differences in the intrinsic reactivity of the two sites.	Hypoxanthine	81-93	complement C2	Bos taurus	65-68
20615869-7	2010	For the orientation of hypoxanthine with C-2 proximal to the molybdenum center, the disposition of substrate in the active site is such that Arg(880) and Glu(802), previous shown to be catalytically important for the conversion of xanthine to uric acid, play similar roles in hydroxylation at C-2 as at C-8.	Hypoxanthine	23-35	complement C2	Bos taurus	41-44
20615869-7	2010	For the orientation of hypoxanthine with C-2 proximal to the molybdenum center, the disposition of substrate in the active site is such that Arg(880) and Glu(802), previous shown to be catalytically important for the conversion of xanthine to uric acid, play similar roles in hydroxylation at C-2 as at C-8.	Hypoxanthine	23-35	complement C2	Bos taurus	293-296
19953630-5	2010	RESULTS: The PpIX synthesis and mRNA expression of CPO was much higher in the cells treated with ALA-hx than ALA.	Hypoxanthine	101-103	coproporphyrinogen oxidase	Homo sapiens	51-54
20493251-4	2010	The modified SOD1 effectively scavenged xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine-derived O(2)(*-), as determined by HPLC and the measurement of 2-hydroxyethidium.	Hypoxanthine	57-69	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	13-17
20693661-1	2010	Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRTase), which is a key enzyme in the purine-salvage pathway, catalyzes the synthesis of IMP or GMP from alpha-D-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate and hypoxanthine or guanine, respectively.	Hypoxanthine	198-210	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase	Thermus thermophilus HB8	0-46
20693661-1	2010	Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRTase), which is a key enzyme in the purine-salvage pathway, catalyzes the synthesis of IMP or GMP from alpha-D-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate and hypoxanthine or guanine, respectively.	Hypoxanthine	198-210	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase	Thermus thermophilus HB8	48-56
20363738-12	2010	Biochemical studies further showed that hypoxanthine, unexpectedly, was an inefficient substrate for APRT, evidence that could account for the ability of the suppressors to metabolize hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	184-196	adenine phosphoribosyltransferase	Leishmania donovani	101-105
19915948-1	2010	Xanthine dehydrogenase AtXDH1 from Arabidopsis thaliana is a key enzyme in purine degradation where it oxidizes hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid.	Hypoxanthine	112-124	xanthine dehydrogenase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	23-29
20347426-1	2010	Human alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (hAAG) excises alkylated purines, hypoxanthine, and etheno bases from DNA to form abasic (AP) sites.	Hypoxanthine	69-81	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	36-40
19616486-4	2009	Our results showed that MPG excises 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine (varepsilonA) from varepsilonA-containing oligonucleotide (varepsilonA-DNA) at a similar or slightly increased efficiency than it does hypoxanthine (Hx) from Hx-containing oligonucleotide (Hx-DNA) under similar conditions.	Hypoxanthine	192-204	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	24-27
20057051-5	2010	Furthermore, the first crystal structures of complexes of an LMW PNP with adenosine and adenine are reported, together with those with inosine and hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	147-159	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	65-68
19728741-2	2009	Erythrocyte adenine nucleotides are the source of the purine precursors, making adenosine deaminase (ADA) a key enzyme in the pathway of hypoxanthine formation.	Hypoxanthine	137-149	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	101-104
19478237-5	2009	It is known that PNP cleaves inosine with AsV into hypoxanthine and ribose-1-arsenate.	Hypoxanthine	51-63	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	17-20
19642651-0	2009	Interaction of human DNA polymerase alpha and DNA polymerase I from Bacillus stearothermophilus with hypoxanthine and 8-oxoguanine nucleotides.	Hypoxanthine	101-113	DNA polymerase alpha 1, catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	21-41
19642651-5	2009	The effects of N1, N(6), and N7 demonstrated a strong interdependence during formation of adenine:hypoxanthine base pairs by pol alpha, and N3 of dATP again helps prevent polymerization opposite a templating hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	98-110	DNA polymerase alpha 1, catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	125-134
19642651-5	2009	The effects of N1, N(6), and N7 demonstrated a strong interdependence during formation of adenine:hypoxanthine base pairs by pol alpha, and N3 of dATP again helps prevent polymerization opposite a templating hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	208-220	DNA polymerase alpha 1, catalytic subunit	Homo sapiens	125-134
19362594-5	2009	Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT; EC 2.4.2.8) is a purine salvage pathway enzyme that specifically recycles hypoxanthine and guanine from the medium, which are in turn converted to, respectively, IMP and GMP.	Hypoxanthine	129-141	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv	0-46
19667249-7	2009	Urinary excretions of xanthine and hypoxanthine were markedly elevated in XOR(-/-) mice.	Hypoxanthine	35-47	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	74-77
19667249-10	2009	These results suggest that XOR gene disruption induced the depletion of uric acid and the accumulation of triglyceride-rich substances, xanthine, and hypoxanthine in the renal tubules.	Hypoxanthine	150-162	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	27-30
19184967-1	2009	Xanthine oxidase (XOD) catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and then to uric acid, and is a key enzyme in the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia.	Hypoxanthine	50-62	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	0-16
19391117-4	2009	Homologous recombination into the Hprt locus, which is deleted for the promoter and first two exons in HM1 embryonic stem cells, reconstitutes a functional Hprt gene, allowing for growth in HAT (hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine) medium.	Hypoxanthine	195-207	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	34-38
19391117-4	2009	Homologous recombination into the Hprt locus, which is deleted for the promoter and first two exons in HM1 embryonic stem cells, reconstitutes a functional Hprt gene, allowing for growth in HAT (hypoxanthine-aminopterin-thymidine) medium.	Hypoxanthine	195-207	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	156-160
19449863-1	2009	Human alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG) locates and excises a wide variety of damaged purine bases from DNA, including hypoxanthine that is formed by the oxidative deamination of adenine.	Hypoxanthine	120-132	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	6-34
19449863-1	2009	Human alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG) locates and excises a wide variety of damaged purine bases from DNA, including hypoxanthine that is formed by the oxidative deamination of adenine.	Hypoxanthine	120-132	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	36-39
19449863-7	2009	We find that APE1 stimulates the multiple-turnover excision of hypoxanthine by AAG but has no effect on single-turnover excision.	Hypoxanthine	63-75	apurinic/apyrimidinic endodeoxyribonuclease 1	Homo sapiens	13-17
19449863-7	2009	We find that APE1 stimulates the multiple-turnover excision of hypoxanthine by AAG but has no effect on single-turnover excision.	Hypoxanthine	63-75	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	79-82
19219989-1	2009	The human 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG) recognizes and excises a broad range of purines damaged by alkylation and oxidative damage, including 3-methyladenine, 7-methylguanine, hypoxanthine (Hx), and 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine (epsilonA).	Hypoxanthine	184-196	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	10-41
19219989-1	2009	The human 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG) recognizes and excises a broad range of purines damaged by alkylation and oxidative damage, including 3-methyladenine, 7-methylguanine, hypoxanthine (Hx), and 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine (epsilonA).	Hypoxanthine	184-196	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	43-46
19219989-1	2009	The human 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG) recognizes and excises a broad range of purines damaged by alkylation and oxidative damage, including 3-methyladenine, 7-methylguanine, hypoxanthine (Hx), and 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine (epsilonA).	Hypoxanthine	198-200	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	10-41
19219989-1	2009	The human 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG) recognizes and excises a broad range of purines damaged by alkylation and oxidative damage, including 3-methyladenine, 7-methylguanine, hypoxanthine (Hx), and 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine (epsilonA).	Hypoxanthine	198-200	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	43-46
19017535-6	2009	All the nitrofurans were nitroreduced either by the pure XOR or the cytosolic fraction in the presence of hypoxanthine, and these activities were inhibited by allopurinol.	Hypoxanthine	106-118	xanthine dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	57-60
19377526-2	2009	New polymethylene derivatives of nucleic bases with a beta-diketo function in the omega-position were obtained by alkylation of uracil, thymine, cytosine, hypoxanthine, adenine, and N(2)-isobutyryl guanine with 2-omega-chloroal-kanoyl)cyclohexanones.	Hypoxanthine	155-167	amyloid beta precursor protein	Homo sapiens	52-58
19133987-2	2009	Allopurinol works by inhibiting xanthine oxidase (XO), the enzyme responsible for converting hypoxanthine to uric acid which is deposited as crystals in the joints of gout sufferers.	Hypoxanthine	93-105	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	32-48
19133987-2	2009	Allopurinol works by inhibiting xanthine oxidase (XO), the enzyme responsible for converting hypoxanthine to uric acid which is deposited as crystals in the joints of gout sufferers.	Hypoxanthine	93-105	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	50-52
19133987-5	2009	A concomitant increase in cerebrospinal fluid levels of adenosine supports their hypothesis that inhibiting XO increases adenosine levels via salvage from hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	155-167	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	108-110
19249470-6	2009	E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 concentrations correlated positively with hypoxanthine concentrations during reperfusion, whereas the concentrations of ICAM-1 correlated negatively with xanthine concentrations.	Hypoxanthine	73-85	selectin E	Homo sapiens	0-10
19249470-6	2009	E-selectin, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 concentrations correlated positively with hypoxanthine concentrations during reperfusion, whereas the concentrations of ICAM-1 correlated negatively with xanthine concentrations.	Hypoxanthine	73-85	vascular cell adhesion molecule 1	Homo sapiens	24-30
18710792-2	2008	The enzyme HPRT is part of the savage pathway of purine biosynthesis and catalyzes the conversion of hypoxanthine and guanine to their respective nucleotides, IMP and GMP.	Hypoxanthine	101-113	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	11-15
18761016-0	2008	Interplay between DNA polymerase and proliferating cell nuclear antigen switches off base excision repair of uracil and hypoxanthine during replication in archaea.	Hypoxanthine	120-132	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens	37-71
18761016-3	2008	Addition of the processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) resulted in increased affinity of the polymerase for all primer-templates, producing extremely tight complexes when uracil (K(d)=16 pM) or hypoxanthine (K(d)=65 pM) was present.	Hypoxanthine	217-229	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens	36-70
18761016-3	2008	Addition of the processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) resulted in increased affinity of the polymerase for all primer-templates, producing extremely tight complexes when uracil (K(d)=16 pM) or hypoxanthine (K(d)=65 pM) was present.	Hypoxanthine	217-229	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens	72-76
18761016-7	2008	Uracil and hypoxanthine are removed from DNA by base excision repair, initiated by uracil-DNA glycosylase and endonuclease V, respectively.	Hypoxanthine	11-23	endonuclease V	Homo sapiens	110-124
18761016-9	2008	Thus, when the PCNA-polymerase complex encounters uracil/hypoxanthine in DNA templates, base excision repair is switched off, protecting the complex from a repair pathway that is dangerous in the context of single-stranded DNA formed during replication.	Hypoxanthine	57-69	proliferating cell nuclear antigen	Homo sapiens	15-19
18775418-1	2008	The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intrastriatal injection of hypoxanthine on ectonucleotidase (E-NTPDases and ecto-5"-nucleotidase) activities and expressions in the striatum of rats.	Hypoxanthine	83-95	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	132-152
18775418-9	2008	Moreover, ecto-5"-nucleotidase expression was increased (80%) at 24 h after hypoxanthine infusion.	Hypoxanthine	76-88	5' nucleotidase, ecto	Rattus norvegicus	10-30
18789404-3	2008	This work investigates the DNA repair activity of Spo TDG on all four deaminated bases: xanthine (X) and oxanine (O) from guanine, hypoxanthine (I) from adenine, and uracil from cytosine.	Hypoxanthine	131-143	thymine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	54-57
18710792-2	2008	The enzyme HPRT is part of the savage pathway of purine biosynthesis and catalyzes the conversion of hypoxanthine and guanine to their respective nucleotides, IMP and GMP.	Hypoxanthine	101-113	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	167-170
18295933-6	2008	Results showed that pretreatment with vitamins E and C prevented hypoxanthine-mediated effects on Na+,K+-ATPase, TBARS and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GPx) activities; however the reduction on TRAP was not prevented by these vitamins.	Hypoxanthine	65-77	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	149-152
18328088-1	2008	Xanthine dehydrogenase/xanthine oxidase (XDH/XO) catalyses the hydroxylation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and finally to uric acid in purine degradation.	Hypoxanthine	80-92	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	41-47
18375259-3	2008	With the supply of molecular oxygen upon reperfusion of ischemic tissues, xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) metabolizes xanthine and hypoxanthine to uric acid and free radicals are generated.	Hypoxanthine	129-141	xanthine dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	74-97
18375259-3	2008	With the supply of molecular oxygen upon reperfusion of ischemic tissues, xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) metabolizes xanthine and hypoxanthine to uric acid and free radicals are generated.	Hypoxanthine	129-141	xanthine dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	99-102
18375259-9	2008	We suggest that the decrease in xanthine oxidoreductase expression is one of the beneficial mechanisms of TMZ on I/R injury, preventing the degradation of purine nucleotides during the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and uric acid and formation of free radicals.	Hypoxanthine	198-210	xanthine dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	32-55
18295933-6	2008	Results showed that pretreatment with vitamins E and C prevented hypoxanthine-mediated effects on Na+,K+-ATPase, TBARS and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GPx) activities; however the reduction on TRAP was not prevented by these vitamins.	Hypoxanthine	65-77	acid phosphatase 5, tartrate resistant	Rattus norvegicus	199-203
18191412-8	2008	Steady-state enzyme kinetics showed an apparent K(m) of 5.3 nM and k(cat) of 0.2 min(-1) of MPG for the hypoxanthine (Hx) cleavage reaction.	Hypoxanthine	104-116	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	92-95
18048066-0	2008	Hypoxanthine uptake and release by equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 (ENT2) of rat microvascular endothelial cells.	Hypoxanthine	0-12	equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2	Rattus norvegicus	35-73
18048066-0	2008	Hypoxanthine uptake and release by equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2 (ENT2) of rat microvascular endothelial cells.	Hypoxanthine	0-12	equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2	Rattus norvegicus	75-79
18048066-3	2008	The equilibrative nucleoside transporter, ENT2, mediates the transfer of hypoxanthine into cells.	Hypoxanthine	73-85	equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2	Rattus norvegicus	42-46
18048066-4	2008	We hypothesize that ENT2 also mediates the cellular release of hypoxanthine, which would limit the amount of intracellular hypoxanthine available for xanthine oxidase-mediated ROS production.	Hypoxanthine	63-75	equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2	Rattus norvegicus	20-24
18048066-4	2008	We hypothesize that ENT2 also mediates the cellular release of hypoxanthine, which would limit the amount of intracellular hypoxanthine available for xanthine oxidase-mediated ROS production.	Hypoxanthine	123-135	equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2	Rattus norvegicus	20-24
18048066-10	2008	Thus, ENT2 mediates both the influx and efflux of hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	50-62	equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2	Rattus norvegicus	6-10
18048066-11	2008	Inhibition of ENT2 in MVECs might be expected to increase the amount of intracellular hypoxanthine available for metabolism by xanthine oxidase and enhance the intracellular production of ROS.	Hypoxanthine	86-98	equilibrative nucleoside transporter 2	Rattus norvegicus	14-18
18369465-7	2008	Degradation of Plasmodium-derived hypoxanthine/xanthine results in the formation of uric acid, which triggers the secretion of TNF.	Hypoxanthine	34-46	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	127-130
18269249-12	2008	Thermodynamic boxes, constructed to characterize the binding of phosphate, guanine, and hypoxanthine to native, Leuko-, and Y249W-Leuko-PNPs, establish that Leuko-PNP provides a versatile protein scaffold for introduction of specific Trp catalytic site probes.	Hypoxanthine	88-100	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	130-139
17883419-8	2007	Hypoxanthine affected equilibrative transport (mainly ENT2 type) in PBL(LN) and PBL(C).	Hypoxanthine	0-12	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	54-58
18610840-2	2008	Recombinant hS3 purified from inclusion bodies and refolded under different conditions was investigated for its ability to bind and cleave oligodeoxyribonucleotide substrates containing different lesions abundant in cellular DNA (apurine/apyrimidine sites, uracil, 8-oxoguanine, 8-oxoadenine, 5,6-dihydrouracil, hypoxanthine).	Hypoxanthine	312-324	ribosomal protein S3	Homo sapiens	12-15
18360072-1	2008	Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) catalyzes the reaction of hypoxanthine to xanthine and of xanthine to uric acid.	Hypoxanthine	56-68	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-23
18360072-1	2008	Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) catalyzes the reaction of hypoxanthine to xanthine and of xanthine to uric acid.	Hypoxanthine	56-68	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	25-28
17768096-6	2008	We found that moAb 520-3A significantly inhibited MPG"s enzymatic activity towards different substrates, such as hypoxanthine, 1,N(6)ethenoadenine and methylated bases, which represent different classes of DNA damage, however, with different efficiencies.	Hypoxanthine	113-125	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	50-53
17921321-9	2007	PK15NTD cells expressing human ENT2 accumulated 4.5-fold more [3H]hypoxanthine in the presence of the ENT2 inhibitor dipyridamole than did PK15NTD cells or hMVECs, suggesting trapping of ENT2-permeable metabolites.	Hypoxanthine	66-78	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	31-35
17681497-5	2007	Adenosine deamination would generate hypoxanthine (Hx), a substrate for the alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (Aag).	Hypoxanthine	37-49	N-methylpurine-DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	106-109
17681497-5	2007	Adenosine deamination would generate hypoxanthine (Hx), a substrate for the alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (Aag).	Hypoxanthine	51-53	N-methylpurine-DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	106-109
18225653-4	2007	It is supposed that, during the formation of metallized A2I, Cd2+ ions form bridges between the adenine and hypoxanthine of its homopolynucleotide circuits, being arranged inside the triple helix.	Hypoxanthine	108-120	CD2 molecule	Homo sapiens	61-64
17716976-0	2007	N-terminal extension of N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase is required for turnover in hypoxanthine excision reaction.	Hypoxanthine	83-95	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	24-54
17716976-2	2007	In this study we tested the role of N-terminal extension on MPG hypoxanthine (Hx) cleavage activity.	Hypoxanthine	64-76	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	60-63
17716976-2	2007	In this study we tested the role of N-terminal extension on MPG hypoxanthine (Hx) cleavage activity.	Hypoxanthine	78-80	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	60-63
17716976-3	2007	Our results showed that MPG lacking N-terminal extension excises hypoxanthine with significantly reduced efficiency, one-third of that exhibited by full-length MPG under similar conditions.	Hypoxanthine	65-77	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	24-27
17655363-4	2007	Alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG) is the enzyme responsible for excising hypoxanthine from DNA in humans.	Hypoxanthine	74-86	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	0-28
17701896-7	2007	The loss-of-function mutations of PRPS1 likely result in impaired purine biosynthesis, which is supported by the undetectable hypoxanthine in urine and the reduced uric acid levels in serum from patients.	Hypoxanthine	126-138	phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate synthetase 1	Homo sapiens	34-39
17655363-4	2007	Alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG) is the enzyme responsible for excising hypoxanthine from DNA in humans.	Hypoxanthine	74-86	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	30-33
17655363-11	2007	We find that the N9-H of hypoxanthine is more acidic than that of adenine and guanine, pointing to a way that AAG could discriminate damaged bases from normal bases.	Hypoxanthine	25-37	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	110-113
17655363-12	2007	We hypothesize that AAG may cleave certain damaged nucleobases as anions and that the active site may take advantage of a nonpolar environment to favor deprotonated hypoxanthine as a leaving group versus deprotonated adenine or guanine.	Hypoxanthine	165-177	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	20-23
17446223-6	2007	Breakdown of adenosine by adenosine deaminase was the major source of the inosine/hypoxanthine tone.	Hypoxanthine	82-94	adenosine deaminase	Rattus norvegicus	26-45
17341112-4	2007	HX-40-DHP-G- and HX-40-DHP-GS-derived particles display complex morphological patterns whereas HX-90-DHP-G and HX-90-DHP-GS present rather spherical shapes.	Hypoxanthine	0-2	dihydropyrimidinase	Homo sapiens	6-9
17580130-8	2007	Moreover, the concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10 correlated negatively with hypoxanthine concentrations, and the concentrations of IL-4 also correlated negatively with Xan concentrations.	Hypoxanthine	74-86	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	32-36
17580130-8	2007	Moreover, the concentrations of IL-6 and IL-10 correlated negatively with hypoxanthine concentrations, and the concentrations of IL-4 also correlated negatively with Xan concentrations.	Hypoxanthine	74-86	interleukin 10	Homo sapiens	41-46
17226099-2	2007	Results show that hypoxanthine significantly decreased Na(+),K(+)-ATPase activity and TRAP while increased chemiluminescence in all ipsislateral structures tested.	Hypoxanthine	18-30	acid phosphatase 5, tartrate resistant	Rattus norvegicus	86-90
17088032-9	2007	Therefore, we concluded that 6-MP and 6-TG, but not 5-FU, are transported mediated by the same recognition site on ENT2 with hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	125-137	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 2	Mus musculus	115-119
16949240-3	2007	Purine nucleoside phosphorylase is an enzyme in the purine salvage pathway that reversibly converts inosine to hypoxanthine and guanosine to guanine.	Hypoxanthine	111-123	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	0-31
17088032-5	2007	The hypoxanthine uptake mediated by ENT2 was significantly reduced by the addition of 6-MP and 6-TG, and the inhibition of the hypoxanthine uptake by the 6-thiopurines was competitive.	Hypoxanthine	4-16	solute carrier family 29 (nucleoside transporters), member 2	Mus musculus	36-40
17034984-8	2006	We suggest that these modification on cerebral biochemical parameters (Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, acetylcholinesterase and catalase activities) induced by intrastriatal administration of hypoxanthine in all cerebral structures studied, striatum, hippocampus and cerebral cortex, could be involved in the pathophysiology of Lesch-Nyhan disease.	Hypoxanthine	179-191	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	90-110
17216066-1	2007	The hydrogen-bonding and stacking interactions of hypoxanthine, a potential universal nucleobase, were calculated using a variety of methodologies (CCSD(T), MP2, B3LYP, PWB6K, AMBER).	Hypoxanthine	50-62	tryptase pseudogene 1	Homo sapiens	157-160
17018265-7	2007	The kinetics of AAG-catalyzed excision of two damaged bases, hypoxanthine and 1,N6-ethenoadenine, were measured in the presence and absence of APE1 to investigate the mechanism by which the base excision activity of AAG is coordinated with the AP incision activity of APE1.	Hypoxanthine	61-73	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	16-19
17018265-7	2007	The kinetics of AAG-catalyzed excision of two damaged bases, hypoxanthine and 1,N6-ethenoadenine, were measured in the presence and absence of APE1 to investigate the mechanism by which the base excision activity of AAG is coordinated with the AP incision activity of APE1.	Hypoxanthine	61-73	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	216-219
17103092-6	2007	To generate superoxide anions in situ, we treated the IDO-and control-transfected cultures with xanthine or hypoxanthine, and then used ELISA methods to quantitate the relative levels of oxidatively modified proteins in total cell lysates.	Hypoxanthine	108-120	indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1	Homo sapiens	54-57
17288740-2	2006	Hypoxanthine, a degradation product of ATP, can be salvaged by hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) and used to reform high-energy purines.	Hypoxanthine	0-12	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Oryctolagus cuniculus	104-108
17034984-0	2006	Intrastriatal hypoxanthine administration affects Na+,K+-ATPase, acetylcholinesterase and catalase activities in striatum, hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rats.	Hypoxanthine	14-26	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	65-85
17034984-0	2006	Intrastriatal hypoxanthine administration affects Na+,K+-ATPase, acetylcholinesterase and catalase activities in striatum, hippocampus and cerebral cortex of rats.	Hypoxanthine	14-26	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	90-98
17034984-1	2006	The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a single intrastriatal injection of hypoxanthine, the major metabolite accumulating in Lesch-Nyhan disease, on Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, acetylcholinesterase and catalase activities in striatum, cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rats at different post-infusion periods.	Hypoxanthine	92-104	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	186-206
17034984-1	2006	The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a single intrastriatal injection of hypoxanthine, the major metabolite accumulating in Lesch-Nyhan disease, on Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, acetylcholinesterase and catalase activities in striatum, cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rats at different post-infusion periods.	Hypoxanthine	92-104	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	211-219
17034984-8	2006	We suggest that these modification on cerebral biochemical parameters (Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, acetylcholinesterase and catalase activities) induced by intrastriatal administration of hypoxanthine in all cerebral structures studied, striatum, hippocampus and cerebral cortex, could be involved in the pathophysiology of Lesch-Nyhan disease.	Hypoxanthine	179-191	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	115-123
17034984-5	2006	Results show regional and time dependent effects of hypoxanthine on Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, acetylcholinesterase and catalase activities.	Hypoxanthine	52-64	acetylcholinesterase	Rattus norvegicus	87-107
17034984-5	2006	Results show regional and time dependent effects of hypoxanthine on Na(+),K(+)-ATPase, acetylcholinesterase and catalase activities.	Hypoxanthine	52-64	catalase	Rattus norvegicus	112-120
17002451-1	2006	Inosine monophosphate (IMP) and its degradation products, ribose and hypoxanthine, are all considered to be important constituents in meat flavor formation and development.	Hypoxanthine	69-81	inositol monophosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	23-26
17002451-3	2006	During aging the concentration of IMP decreased with a simultaneous increase in the concentrations of inosine, hypoxanthine, and ribose.	Hypoxanthine	111-123	inositol monophosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	34-37
17002451-4	2006	The rates at which IMP was degraded to inosine and inosine to hypoxanthine during aging were found to be in agreement with the known rate constants of the dephosphorylation of IMP and the hydrolysis of inosine, respectively.	Hypoxanthine	62-74	inositol monophosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	19-22
17002451-4	2006	The rates at which IMP was degraded to inosine and inosine to hypoxanthine during aging were found to be in agreement with the known rate constants of the dephosphorylation of IMP and the hydrolysis of inosine, respectively.	Hypoxanthine	62-74	inositol monophosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	176-179
17002451-7	2006	The increasing bitterness of the pork as a function of aging coincided with the higher content of hypoxanthine in these samples, thereby suggesting that degradation of IMP to hypoxanthine might influence pork flavor.	Hypoxanthine	98-110	inositol monophosphatase 1	Homo sapiens	168-171
16952134-3	2006	Substitution of guanine by hypoxanthine and 6-thioguanine resulted in activity similar to the unmodified parent molecule, whereas purine, 2-aminopurine, 2,6-diaminopurine, and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine substitution resulted in approximately 40-60 % reduction in activity, and 7-deazaguanine substitution led to the strongest (80 %) reduction in TLR9 stimulation.	Hypoxanthine	27-39	toll like receptor 9	Homo sapiens	344-348
16903734-6	2006	Pt(DNSH-dien)Cl and [Pt(DNSH-tren)Cl]Cl bind to N7 of 6-oxopurines (e.g., 5"-GMP, 3"-IMP, and 9-ethylguanine) and sulfur of methionine (met).	Hypoxanthine	54-66	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	77-80
16452486-1	2006	Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) catalyzes the formation of uric acid from xanthine and hypoxanthine and is recognized as a source of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.	Hypoxanthine	85-97	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	0-23
16452486-1	2006	Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) catalyzes the formation of uric acid from xanthine and hypoxanthine and is recognized as a source of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.	Hypoxanthine	85-97	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	25-28
16311911-1	2005	Treatment of bovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle with the O2 *- generating system hypoxanthine plus xanthine oxidase stimulated MMP-2 activity and PKC activity; and inhibited Na+ dependent Ca2+ uptake in the microsomes.	Hypoxanthine	84-96	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Bos taurus	130-135
16504657-0	2006	Hypoxanthine as a graft ischemia marker stimulates catalase activity in the renal vein during reperfusion in humans.	Hypoxanthine	0-12	catalase	Homo sapiens	51-59
16504657-12	2006	Catalase activity at 4 minutes after total tissue reperfusion correlated positively with hypoxanthine concentrations immediately after total tissue reperfusion (Rs = +0.49), 2 minutes after total tissue reperfusion (Rs = +0.47), and 4 minutes after total tissue reperfusion (Rs = +0.46).	Hypoxanthine	89-101	catalase	Homo sapiens	0-8
16504657-14	2006	CONCLUSIONS: The results of the present study suggest that catalase activity may correlate with the concentration of hypoxanthine in the graft renal vein and other mediators of oxidative stress.	Hypoxanthine	117-129	catalase	Homo sapiens	59-67
16382292-2	2005	The transformation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and the conversion of the latter into uric acid, which occur in purine catabolism, are catalysed by xanthine oxidoreductase.	Hypoxanthine	22-34	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	147-170
15927541-7	2005	XRCC1 co-purifies with DNA glycosylase activities capable of excising hypoxanthine and dihydrothymine, in addition to 8-oxoguanine, but not uracil.	Hypoxanthine	70-82	X-ray repair cross complementing 1	Homo sapiens	0-5
15990111-1	2005	Human hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) catalyses the synthesis of the purine nucleoside monophosphates, IMP and GMP, by the addition of a 6-oxopurine base, either hypoxanthine or guanine, to the 1-beta-position of 5-phospho-alpha-d-ribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRib-PP).	Hypoxanthine	160-171	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	6-52
15990111-1	2005	Human hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) catalyses the synthesis of the purine nucleoside monophosphates, IMP and GMP, by the addition of a 6-oxopurine base, either hypoxanthine or guanine, to the 1-beta-position of 5-phospho-alpha-d-ribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRib-PP).	Hypoxanthine	160-171	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	54-59
15990111-1	2005	Human hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) catalyses the synthesis of the purine nucleoside monophosphates, IMP and GMP, by the addition of a 6-oxopurine base, either hypoxanthine or guanine, to the 1-beta-position of 5-phospho-alpha-d-ribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRib-PP).	Hypoxanthine	6-18	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	54-59
15990363-0	2005	The efficiency of hypoxanthine excision by alkyladenine DNA glycosylase is altered by changes in nearest neighbor bases.	Hypoxanthine	18-30	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	43-71
15990363-1	2005	Alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG) excises a structurally diverse group of damaged purines including hypoxanthine, 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine, 3-methyladenine, and 7-methylguanine from DNA to initiate base excision repair at these sites.	Hypoxanthine	101-113	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	0-28
15990363-1	2005	Alkyladenine DNA glycosylase (AAG) excises a structurally diverse group of damaged purines including hypoxanthine, 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine, 3-methyladenine, and 7-methylguanine from DNA to initiate base excision repair at these sites.	Hypoxanthine	101-113	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	30-33
15713479-4	2005	To investigate sequence context, we used 13 different 25 bp oligodeoxyribonucleotides containing a unique hypoxanthine residue (Hx) and show that the steady-state specificity of Hx excision by MPG varied by 17-fold.	Hypoxanthine	106-118	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	193-196
15821440-8	2005	Coapplication of hypoxanthine (HX) and xanthine oxidase (XO) to the transfected HEK-293 cells resulted in a significant and reproducible increase in Kir6.1 currents (P < 0.05).	Hypoxanthine	17-29	potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 8	Homo sapiens	149-155
15595853-0	2004	Active site contacts in the purine nucleoside phosphorylase--hypoxanthine complex by NMR and ab initio calculations.	Hypoxanthine	61-73	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	28-59
15582582-0	2005	Crystal structure of human PNP complexed with hypoxanthine and sulfate ion.	Hypoxanthine	46-58	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	27-30
15582582-3	2005	Here we report the crystal structure of human PNP in complex with hypoxanthine, refined to 2.6A resolution.	Hypoxanthine	66-78	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	46-49
16375736-2	2005	The final two reactions of its production catalyzing the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine and the latter to uric acid are catalysed by the enzyme xanthine oxidoreductase, which may attain two inter-convertible forms, namely xanthine dehydrogenase or xanthine oxidase.	Hypoxanthine	71-83	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	152-175
16375736-2	2005	The final two reactions of its production catalyzing the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine and the latter to uric acid are catalysed by the enzyme xanthine oxidoreductase, which may attain two inter-convertible forms, namely xanthine dehydrogenase or xanthine oxidase.	Hypoxanthine	71-83	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	230-252
15595853-1	2004	Hypoxanthine (Hx) with specific (15)N labels has been used to probe hydrogen-bonding interactions with purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) by NMR spectroscopy.	Hypoxanthine	0-12	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	103-134
15595853-1	2004	Hypoxanthine (Hx) with specific (15)N labels has been used to probe hydrogen-bonding interactions with purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) by NMR spectroscopy.	Hypoxanthine	0-12	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	136-139
15595853-1	2004	Hypoxanthine (Hx) with specific (15)N labels has been used to probe hydrogen-bonding interactions with purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) by NMR spectroscopy.	Hypoxanthine	14-16	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	103-134
15595853-1	2004	Hypoxanthine (Hx) with specific (15)N labels has been used to probe hydrogen-bonding interactions with purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) by NMR spectroscopy.	Hypoxanthine	14-16	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	136-139
15571222-4	2004	The partial HPRT deficiency could be detected only by measuring HPRT activity in intact fibroblasts (uptake of hypoxanthine into nucleotides).	Hypoxanthine	111-123	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	12-16
15838309-1	2004	Increased intrapericardial levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) induce myocardial ischemia and concomitant release of the purine metabolites adenosine (ADO), inosine (INO) and hypoxanthine (HXA) into the pericardial fluid.	Hypoxanthine	169-181	endothelin 1	Canis lupus familiaris	37-49
15838309-1	2004	Increased intrapericardial levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) induce myocardial ischemia and concomitant release of the purine metabolites adenosine (ADO), inosine (INO) and hypoxanthine (HXA) into the pericardial fluid.	Hypoxanthine	169-181	endothelin 1	Canis lupus familiaris	51-55
15838309-1	2004	Increased intrapericardial levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) induce myocardial ischemia and concomitant release of the purine metabolites adenosine (ADO), inosine (INO) and hypoxanthine (HXA) into the pericardial fluid.	Hypoxanthine	183-186	endothelin 1	Canis lupus familiaris	37-49
15838309-1	2004	Increased intrapericardial levels of endothelin-1 (ET-1) induce myocardial ischemia and concomitant release of the purine metabolites adenosine (ADO), inosine (INO) and hypoxanthine (HXA) into the pericardial fluid.	Hypoxanthine	183-186	endothelin 1	Canis lupus familiaris	51-55
15571295-5	2004	At a fixed concentration of MPA a higher percentage of apoptotic or differentiated cells is obtained when non dialysed serum substitutes for the dialysed one, due to the higher hypoxanthine concentration in the former (about 10 microM) leading to competition on HPRT-mediated salvage of guanine.	Hypoxanthine	177-189	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	262-266
14761960-7	2004	ERalpha increased MPG acetylation, stabilized the binding of MPG with hypoxanthine-containing oligos, and enhanced MPG-catalyzed removal of hypoxanthine from DNA.	Hypoxanthine	70-82	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	0-7
15247209-12	2004	This study extends the deaminated base glycosylase activities of AAG to oxanine; thus, AAG is a mammalian enzyme that can act on all three purine deamination bases, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and oxanine.	Hypoxanthine	165-177	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	65-68
15247209-12	2004	This study extends the deaminated base glycosylase activities of AAG to oxanine; thus, AAG is a mammalian enzyme that can act on all three purine deamination bases, hypoxanthine, xanthine, and oxanine.	Hypoxanthine	165-177	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	87-90
14761960-7	2004	ERalpha increased MPG acetylation, stabilized the binding of MPG with hypoxanthine-containing oligos, and enhanced MPG-catalyzed removal of hypoxanthine from DNA.	Hypoxanthine	70-82	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	61-64
14761960-7	2004	ERalpha increased MPG acetylation, stabilized the binding of MPG with hypoxanthine-containing oligos, and enhanced MPG-catalyzed removal of hypoxanthine from DNA.	Hypoxanthine	70-82	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	61-64
14761960-7	2004	ERalpha increased MPG acetylation, stabilized the binding of MPG with hypoxanthine-containing oligos, and enhanced MPG-catalyzed removal of hypoxanthine from DNA.	Hypoxanthine	140-152	estrogen receptor 1	Homo sapiens	0-7
14726515-9	2004	Like xanthine dehydrogenases from other organisms AtXDH1 uses hypoxanthine and xanthine as main substrates and is strongly inhibited by allopurinol.	Hypoxanthine	62-74	xanthine dehydrogenase 1	Arabidopsis thaliana	50-56
14712481-5	2004	These effects, associated with an up-regulation of p53, p21 and bax, a shuttling of p53 protein into the nucleus and a down-regulation of bcl-2, survivin and p27 protein, were reversed by the simultaneous addition of guanine or guanosine and were more evident using nondialysed serum containing hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	295-307	BCL2 apoptosis regulator	Homo sapiens	138-143
14694147-3	2004	XOR is a member of the molybdoenzyme family and is best known for its catalytic role in purine degradation, metabolizing hypoxanthine and xanthine to uric acid with concomitant generation of superoxide.	Hypoxanthine	121-133	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-3
14729667-0	2004	The Bacillus subtilis counterpart of the mammalian 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase has hypoxanthine and 1,N6-ethenoadenine as preferred substrates.	Hypoxanthine	87-99	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	51-82
14729667-4	2004	As expected, B. subtilis Aag was found to be a DNA glycosylase, which releases 3-alkylated purines and hypoxanthine, as well as the cyclic etheno adduct 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine from DNA.	Hypoxanthine	103-115	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	25-28
14688248-3	2004	The rate enhancements for excision of different bases reveal that AAG is most adept at excising the deaminated lesion hypoxanthine (k(st)/k(non) = 10(8)), suggesting that enzymatic activity may have evolved in response to this lesion.	Hypoxanthine	118-130	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	66-69
14769022-7	2004	The 9-(15)N KIE for human PNP is also in agreement with theory for equilibrium formation of hypoxanthine and oxacarbenium ion at this level of theory.	Hypoxanthine	92-104	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	26-29
15159647-1	2004	Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) is an enzyme that catalyses the conversion of hypoxanthine and guanine into their respective nucleotides.	Hypoxanthine	100-112	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	0-46
15159647-1	2004	Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) is an enzyme that catalyses the conversion of hypoxanthine and guanine into their respective nucleotides.	Hypoxanthine	100-112	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	48-52
12829005-1	2003	Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (LNS) is caused by a severe deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) and clinically characterized by self-injurious behavior and nephrolithiasis; the latter is treatable with allopurinol, an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase which converts xanthine and hypoxanthine into uric acid.	Hypoxanthine	63-75	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	111-115
14669324-6	2003	The oligonucleosomal DNA fragments and Caspase-3 activity were also lower in CD-Hx group than in OB-CD and OB groups 3 days after hepatectomy, without differences between CD-Hx and Hx groups.	Hypoxanthine	80-82	caspase 3	Rattus norvegicus	39-48
14567703-7	2003	Single-turnover excision of hypoxanthine and 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine follows bell-shaped pH-rate profiles, indicating that AAG-catalyzed excision of these neutral lesions requires the action of both a general acid and a general base.	Hypoxanthine	28-40	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	120-123
14567703-11	2003	Acid-base catalysis can account for much of the 10(8)-fold rate enhancement that is achieved by AAG in the excision of hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	119-131	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	96-99
22905396-1	2002	The role of the matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2) in regulating Ca(2+)-ATPase activity in bovine pulmonary artery smooth muscle plasma membranes during treatment with the O2*- generating system, hypoxanthine (HPX) plus xanthine oxidase (XO) has been studied.	Hypoxanthine	208-211	matrix metallopeptidase 2	Bos taurus	42-47
12853604-4	2003	The 37-kDa mouse enzyme (mEndo V) incises the DNA strand at the second phosphodiester bond 3" to hypoxanthine- and uracil-containing nucleotides.	Hypoxanthine	97-109	endonuclease V	Mus musculus	25-32
12853604-7	2003	We suggest that mEndo V initiates an alternative excision repair pathway for hypoxanthine removal.	Hypoxanthine	77-89	endonuclease V	Mus musculus	16-23
12735798-7	2003	In vivo studies revealed that, when IMP is overproduced through constitutive activation of the IMP de novo synthesis pathway, ISN1 is required for excretion of inosine and hypoxanthine in the medium.	Hypoxanthine	172-184	IMP 5'-nucleotidase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	126-130
12700271-9	2003	K. pneumoniae differs from E. coli in having two cytosine deaminase genes, an intervening open reading frame between the codB and codA orthologs, and a different response to hypoxanthine which increased cod expression in K. pneumoniae but decreased it in E. coli.	Hypoxanthine	174-186	plasmid maintenance protein CcdA	Escherichia coli	130-134
12689826-3	2003	The hypoxanthine is oxidized to uric acid by xanthine oxidase/xanthine dehydrogenase and can be measured by formation of formazan when a tetrazolium salt is used as the oxidant.	Hypoxanthine	4-16	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	62-84
12367777-1	2002	BACKGROUND: Adenosine deaminase (AD) and xanthine oxidase (XO) are enzymes of purine catabolism that catalyze the conversion of adenosine to inosine, deoxyadenosine to deoxyinosine, hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid, respectively.	Hypoxanthine	182-194	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	12-31
12367777-1	2002	BACKGROUND: Adenosine deaminase (AD) and xanthine oxidase (XO) are enzymes of purine catabolism that catalyze the conversion of adenosine to inosine, deoxyadenosine to deoxyinosine, hypoxanthine to xanthine and xanthine to uric acid, respectively.	Hypoxanthine	182-194	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	33-35
12398932-7	2002	However, accumulation of urate formed by the oxidation of hypoxanthine by xanthine dehydrogenase and oxidase in heart appeared to be the major inhibitor of nitration.	Hypoxanthine	58-70	xanthine dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	74-96
12388830-10	2002	(4) AsV reductase activity of purified PNP, like the cytosolic AsV reductase activity, was inhibited by phosphate (a substrate of PNP alternative to AsV), guanine and hypoxanthine (products of PNP favoring the reverse reaction), mercurial thiol reagents (nonspecific inhibitors of PNP), as well as CI-1000 and BCX-1777 (specific PNP inhibitors).	Hypoxanthine	167-179	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Bos taurus	39-42
12173924-6	2002	Steady-state kinetic analysis of T. vaginalis PNP-catalyzed reactions gave K(m)"s of 31.5, 59.7, and 6.1 microM for inosine, guanosine, and adenosine in the nucleosidase reaction and 45.6, 35.9, and 12.3 microM for hypoxanthine, guanine, and adenine in the direction of nucleoside synthesis.	Hypoxanthine	215-227	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Homo sapiens	46-49
12361800-11	2002	In Escherichia coli, the major enzyme activity that initiates the repair of hypoxanthine and xanthine is endonuclease V.	Hypoxanthine	76-88	endonuclease V	Homo sapiens	105-119
12361800-15	2002	Endonuclease V sequence homologs are present in all kingdoms, and it is conceivable that endonuclease V might also be a major enzyme that initiates the repair of hypoxanthine and xanthine in mammalian cells.	Hypoxanthine	162-174	endonuclease V	Homo sapiens	0-14
12361800-15	2002	Endonuclease V sequence homologs are present in all kingdoms, and it is conceivable that endonuclease V might also be a major enzyme that initiates the repair of hypoxanthine and xanthine in mammalian cells.	Hypoxanthine	162-174	endonuclease V	Homo sapiens	89-103
12193085-4	2002	An experimental model was designed to determine the intrapericardial concentrations of adenosine, inosine and hypoxanthine during coronary spasm provoked by intracoronary administration of endothelin-1 (ET-1; 0.08+/-0.02 nmol/g of myocardial tissue).	Hypoxanthine	110-122	endothelin 1	Canis lupus familiaris	189-201
12193085-4	2002	An experimental model was designed to determine the intrapericardial concentrations of adenosine, inosine and hypoxanthine during coronary spasm provoked by intracoronary administration of endothelin-1 (ET-1; 0.08+/-0.02 nmol/g of myocardial tissue).	Hypoxanthine	110-122	endothelin 1	Canis lupus familiaris	203-207
12006583-5	2002	hENT2 and rENT2 efficiently transported radiolabeled hypoxanthine, adenine, guanine, uracil, and thymine (apparent K(m) values 0.7-2.6 mm), and hENT2, but not rENT2, also transported cytosine.	Hypoxanthine	53-65	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	0-5
11897495-4	2002	Similar to CCK-8, ROS generated by the oxidation of hypoxanthine (HX) with xanthine oxidase (XOD) induced an initial decrease in actin filaments located under the apical membrane followed by a smaller increase in the content of actin filaments in the subapical area.	Hypoxanthine	52-64	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	75-91
12006583-6	2002	These findings were independently confirmed by hypoxanthine transport experiments with recombinant hENT2 produced in purine-cytosine permease (FCY2)-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae and provide the first direct demonstration that the ENT2 isoform is a dual mechanism for the cellular uptake of nucleosides and nucleobases, both of which are physiologically important salvage metabolites.	Hypoxanthine	47-59	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	99-104
12006583-6	2002	These findings were independently confirmed by hypoxanthine transport experiments with recombinant hENT2 produced in purine-cytosine permease (FCY2)-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae and provide the first direct demonstration that the ENT2 isoform is a dual mechanism for the cellular uptake of nucleosides and nucleobases, both of which are physiologically important salvage metabolites.	Hypoxanthine	47-59	purine-cytosine permease	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	143-147
12006583-6	2002	These findings were independently confirmed by hypoxanthine transport experiments with recombinant hENT2 produced in purine-cytosine permease (FCY2)-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae and provide the first direct demonstration that the ENT2 isoform is a dual mechanism for the cellular uptake of nucleosides and nucleobases, both of which are physiologically important salvage metabolites.	Hypoxanthine	47-59	epsin	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	100-104
12006583-7	2002	In contrast, recombinant hENT1 and rENT1 mediated negligible oocyte fluxes of hypoxanthine relative to hENT2 and rENT2.	Hypoxanthine	78-90	solute carrier family 29 member 1 (Augustine blood group)	Homo sapiens	25-30
12006583-7	2002	In contrast, recombinant hENT1 and rENT1 mediated negligible oocyte fluxes of hypoxanthine relative to hENT2 and rENT2.	Hypoxanthine	78-90	solute carrier family 29 member 1	Rattus norvegicus	35-40
11962667-5	2002	The antioxidant capacities of each material were assessed by their ability to inhibit cytochrome C reduction by O2*- fluxes, generated via the oxidation of hypoxanthine by xanthine oxidase, and their inhibition of 2-deoxy-D-ribose degradation by *OH fluxes, generated by the reaction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and iron (Fe2+).	Hypoxanthine	156-168	cytochrome c, somatic	Homo sapiens	86-98
12168784-1	2002	Xanthine oxidoreductase (xanthine dehydrogenase + xanthine oxidase) is a complex enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine, subsequently producing uric acid.	Hypoxanthine	120-132	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-23
12630412-2	2002	After 5 days of coculture, HPRT-deficient ES cells were killed by selection in HAT (hypoxanthine, aminopterin, thymidine) medium.	Hypoxanthine	84-96	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	27-31
12168784-1	2002	Xanthine oxidoreductase (xanthine dehydrogenase + xanthine oxidase) is a complex enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine, subsequently producing uric acid.	Hypoxanthine	120-132	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	25-47
12237496-1	2002	PURPOSE: Recent research on the purine derivative of hypoxanthine Neotrofin (4-[[3-(1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-9-purin-9-yl)-1-oxopropyl]amino]benzoic acid; AIT-082) has indicated that Neotrofin treatment elevates the mRNA levels of various neurotrophic factors, including nerve growth factor (NGF), in the CNS.	Hypoxanthine	53-65	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	264-283
12237496-1	2002	PURPOSE: Recent research on the purine derivative of hypoxanthine Neotrofin (4-[[3-(1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-9-purin-9-yl)-1-oxopropyl]amino]benzoic acid; AIT-082) has indicated that Neotrofin treatment elevates the mRNA levels of various neurotrophic factors, including nerve growth factor (NGF), in the CNS.	Hypoxanthine	53-65	nerve growth factor	Rattus norvegicus	285-288
11796116-1	2002	Xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), a complex molybdo/iron-sulfur/flavoprotein, catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine followed by oxidation of xanthine to uric acid with concomitant reduction of NAD+.	Hypoxanthine	101-113	xanthine dehydrogenase	Bos taurus	24-27
11811520-3	2001	CD8+ lymphocytes showed a higher sensitivity than CD4+ cells to the XOR/hypoxanthine system.	Hypoxanthine	72-84	CD8a molecule	Homo sapiens	0-3
11811520-3	2001	CD8+ lymphocytes showed a higher sensitivity than CD4+ cells to the XOR/hypoxanthine system.	Hypoxanthine	72-84	CD4 molecule	Homo sapiens	50-53
11811520-3	2001	CD8+ lymphocytes showed a higher sensitivity than CD4+ cells to the XOR/hypoxanthine system.	Hypoxanthine	72-84	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	68-71
11811520-7	2001	The hydrogen peroxide scavenging enzyme, catalase, gave a higher protection than superoxide dismutase from the toxicity caused by the XOR/hypoxanthine system.	Hypoxanthine	138-150	catalase	Homo sapiens	41-49
11811520-7	2001	The hydrogen peroxide scavenging enzyme, catalase, gave a higher protection than superoxide dismutase from the toxicity caused by the XOR/hypoxanthine system.	Hypoxanthine	138-150	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	134-137
11307586-2	2001	The enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) catalyzes the reutilization of hypoxanthine and guanine to the purine nucleotides IMP and GMP, respectively.	Hypoxanthine	11-23	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	59-63
11796116-5	2002	As a hypoxanthine analog, it is oxidized to alloxanthine, which cannot be further oxidized but acts as a tight binding inhibitor of XDH.	Hypoxanthine	5-17	xanthine dehydrogenase	Bos taurus	132-135
11514452-1	2001	Xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) is a member of the molybdenum hydroxylase family of enzymes catalyzing the oxidation of hypoxanthine and xanthine to uric acid.	Hypoxanthine	117-129	xanthine dehydrogenase	Ceratitis capitata	0-22
11514452-1	2001	Xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) is a member of the molybdenum hydroxylase family of enzymes catalyzing the oxidation of hypoxanthine and xanthine to uric acid.	Hypoxanthine	117-129	xanthine dehydrogenase	Ceratitis capitata	24-27
11319822-5	2001	The use of Nafion and PPh as a matrix for XO immobilization yields enhanced specificity, sensitivity, and linearity toward hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	123-135	enolase 1	Homo sapiens	22-25
11700989-4	2001	The hypoxanthine base was excised in solution using the MPG protein, a human DNA glycosylase.	Hypoxanthine	4-16	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	56-59
11687292-3	2001	Intact WISH cells catabolise deoxyinosine by conversion into hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	61-73	NCK interacting protein with SH3 domain	Homo sapiens	7-11
11562934-1	2001	Heterozygous carriers of HPRT1 mutations responsible for Lesch-Nyhan syndrome can be detected by analysis of somatic cell hybrids derived from peripheral blood lymphocytes and Hprt1-negative cells of rodent origin followed by selection in culture medium containing hypoxanthine, aminopterine, and thymidine (HAT).	Hypoxanthine	265-277	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	25-30
11241585-2	2001	The deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) in LNS leads to increased hypoxanthine and uric acid production.	Hypoxanthine	18-30	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	67-72
10976110-10	2000	Thus, by increasing the binding affinity of 6-oxopurine, we were able to convert the GPRTase to a HGPRTase.	Hypoxanthine	44-55	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	98-106
11226382-9	2001	Competition studies with HPX and thymidine transport via ENT2 indicated an overlap between nucleoside and nucleobase transport transporters in the breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 and T-47D).	Hypoxanthine	25-28	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	57-61
11170405-9	2001	Contacts between PNP and catalytic site ligands are shorter in the transition state analogue complex of PNP.ImmH.PO(4) than in the Michaelis complexes of PNP.inosine.SO(4) or PNP.hypoxanthine.ribose 1-PO(4).	Hypoxanthine	179-191	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Bos taurus	17-20
11170405-9	2001	Contacts between PNP and catalytic site ligands are shorter in the transition state analogue complex of PNP.ImmH.PO(4) than in the Michaelis complexes of PNP.inosine.SO(4) or PNP.hypoxanthine.ribose 1-PO(4).	Hypoxanthine	179-191	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Bos taurus	104-107
11170405-9	2001	Contacts between PNP and catalytic site ligands are shorter in the transition state analogue complex of PNP.ImmH.PO(4) than in the Michaelis complexes of PNP.inosine.SO(4) or PNP.hypoxanthine.ribose 1-PO(4).	Hypoxanthine	179-191	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Bos taurus	104-107
11170405-9	2001	Contacts between PNP and catalytic site ligands are shorter in the transition state analogue complex of PNP.ImmH.PO(4) than in the Michaelis complexes of PNP.inosine.SO(4) or PNP.hypoxanthine.ribose 1-PO(4).	Hypoxanthine	179-191	purine nucleoside phosphorylase	Bos taurus	104-107
11146053-3	2001	HPLC analysis revealed that the purine nucleobase hypoxanthine and the pyrimidine nucleobase thymine can pass intact through the choroid plexus and enter the cerebrospinal fluid CSF so the lack of backflux for hypoxanthine was not a result of metabolic trapping in the cell.	Hypoxanthine	50-62	granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor	Ovis aries	178-181
11146053-5	2001	HPLC analysis of sheep CSF collected in vivo revealed only two nucleobases were present adenine and hypoxanthine; with an R(CSF/Plasma) 0.19+/-0.02 and 3.43+/-0.20, respectively.	Hypoxanthine	100-112	granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor	Ovis aries	124-127
11149897-6	2001	We have identified some purines (hypoxanthine, inosine, and adenosine) as potential endogenous PARP inhibitors.	Hypoxanthine	33-45	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	95-99
11149897-7	2001	We have found that purines (hypoxanthine > inosine > adenosine) dose-dependently inhibited PARP activation in peroxynitrite-treated macrophages and also inhibited the activity of the purified PARP enzyme.	Hypoxanthine	28-40	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	97-101
11149897-7	2001	We have found that purines (hypoxanthine > inosine > adenosine) dose-dependently inhibited PARP activation in peroxynitrite-treated macrophages and also inhibited the activity of the purified PARP enzyme.	Hypoxanthine	28-40	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	198-202
11149897-11	2001	In line with the PARP inhibitory effect of purines, hypoxanthine has prevented necrotic cell death while increasing caspase activity and DNA fragmentation.	Hypoxanthine	52-64	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	17-21
11149897-12	2001	As previously shown with other PARP inhibitors, hypoxanthine acted proximal to mitochondrial alterations as hypoxanthine inhibited the peroxynitrite-induced mitochondrial depolarization and secondary superoxide production.	Hypoxanthine	48-60	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	31-35
11149897-12	2001	As previously shown with other PARP inhibitors, hypoxanthine acted proximal to mitochondrial alterations as hypoxanthine inhibited the peroxynitrite-induced mitochondrial depolarization and secondary superoxide production.	Hypoxanthine	108-120	poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1	Homo sapiens	31-35
11092937-1	2000	Xanthine dehydrogenase catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and the further oxidation of xanthine to uric acid.	Hypoxanthine	50-62	xanthine dehydrogenase	Bos taurus	0-22
11146053-7	2001	These results suggest that the activity of xanthine oxidase in the brain of the sheep is very low so the metabolic degradation of purines is carried out only as far as hypoxanthine which then accumulates in the CSF.	Hypoxanthine	168-180	granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor	Ovis aries	211-214
10980409-1	2000	The methylpurine-DNA glycosylase (MPG) gene coding for human 3-methyladenine (3-meAde)-DNA glycosylase functions in the first step of base excision repair (BER) to remove numerous damaged bases including 3-meGua, ethenoadenine, and hypoxanthine (Hx) in addition to 3-meAde.	Hypoxanthine	232-244	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	4-32
11063676-9	2000	Finally, incorporation of hypoxanthine into nucleotides is similarly diminished in hpt1 and guk1 mutants in vivo.	Hypoxanthine	26-38	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	83-87
11063676-9	2000	Finally, incorporation of hypoxanthine into nucleotides is similarly diminished in hpt1 and guk1 mutants in vivo.	Hypoxanthine	26-38	guanylate kinase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	92-96
10854423-4	2000	Furthermore, the MPG.hHR23 protein complex elevates the rate of MPG protein-catalyzed excision from hypoxanthine-containing substrates.	Hypoxanthine	100-112	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	17-20
10854423-4	2000	Furthermore, the MPG.hHR23 protein complex elevates the rate of MPG protein-catalyzed excision from hypoxanthine-containing substrates.	Hypoxanthine	100-112	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	64-67
10980409-1	2000	The methylpurine-DNA glycosylase (MPG) gene coding for human 3-methyladenine (3-meAde)-DNA glycosylase functions in the first step of base excision repair (BER) to remove numerous damaged bases including 3-meGua, ethenoadenine, and hypoxanthine (Hx) in addition to 3-meAde.	Hypoxanthine	232-244	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	34-37
10936174-7	2000	A specific effect of reactive oxygen species on glutamate transporters was suggested by the much smaller inhibitory effects of xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine and menadione on GABA uptake than on glutamate uptake.	Hypoxanthine	144-156	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	127-143
11126021-1	2000	The HPLC method for the separation of the disodium salt of inosine phosphate (PIN) and the product of its transformation, inosine (IN) and hypoxanthine (HP) were developed and validated.	Hypoxanthine	4-6	dynein light chain LC8-type 1	Homo sapiens	78-81
10684645-2	2000	By the use of ARP assay detecting abasic sites in DNA, we first investigated the activity on the natural DNA substrates containing methylpurines, ethenopurines, or hypoxanthine (Hx) prepared by the conventional methods.	Hypoxanthine	164-176	mesencephalic astrocyte derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	14-17
10833458-1	2000	Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) catalyzes the phosphoribosylation of hypoxanthine and guanine by transferring the phosphoribosyl moiety from phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) on to N9 in the purine base, resulting in the formation of inosine monophosphate (IMP) and guanosine monophosphate (GMP).	Hypoxanthine	92-104	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-46
10833458-1	2000	Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) catalyzes the phosphoribosylation of hypoxanthine and guanine by transferring the phosphoribosyl moiety from phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) on to N9 in the purine base, resulting in the formation of inosine monophosphate (IMP) and guanosine monophosphate (GMP).	Hypoxanthine	92-104	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	48-53
10783310-0	2000	Influence of DNA structure on hypoxanthine and 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine removal by murine 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase.	Hypoxanthine	30-42	N-methylpurine-DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	86-117
10783310-2	2000	Substrate bases for the murine 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase (other than 3-methyladenine) include hypoxanthine and 1,N(6)-ethenoadenine, two mutagenic adducts formed by both endogenous and exogenous agents.	Hypoxanthine	100-112	N-methylpurine-DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	31-62
10766785-8	2000	In H9c2 cells, in which 5"-nucleotidase activity was rate-limiting, only cN-II overexpression accelerated inosine and hypoxanthine formation.	Hypoxanthine	118-130	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	73-78
10722669-10	2000	The nucleobase hypoxanthine inhibits [(3)H]uridine uptake by hENT2 but has minimal effect on hENT1.	Hypoxanthine	15-27	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	61-66
10722669-11	2000	Taken together, these results suggest that hENT2 might be important in transporting adenosine and its metabolites (inosine and hypoxanthine) in tissues such as skeletal muscle where ENT2 is predominantly expressed.	Hypoxanthine	127-139	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	43-48
10722669-11	2000	Taken together, these results suggest that hENT2 might be important in transporting adenosine and its metabolites (inosine and hypoxanthine) in tissues such as skeletal muscle where ENT2 is predominantly expressed.	Hypoxanthine	127-139	solute carrier family 29 member 2	Homo sapiens	44-48
10833458-8	2000	DS1 exhibits a reduced k(cat) for hypoxanthine and guanine, while its K(m) for these oxopurine bases remains largely unchanged.	Hypoxanthine	34-46	mitochondrial ribosomal protein L58	Homo sapiens	0-3
10727684-3	2000	In the continuous ACTH loading test, the plasma concentration of uric acid and oxypurines (hypoxanthine and xanthine) decreased, and the urinary excretion and fractional clearance of them increased as well as the plasma concentrations and urinary excretion of cortisol.	Hypoxanthine	91-103	proopiomelanocortin	Homo sapiens	18-22
10684645-2	2000	By the use of ARP assay detecting abasic sites in DNA, we first investigated the activity on the natural DNA substrates containing methylpurines, ethenopurines, or hypoxanthine (Hx) prepared by the conventional methods.	Hypoxanthine	178-180	mesencephalic astrocyte derived neurotrophic factor	Homo sapiens	14-17
10684645-3	2000	After the treatment with hMPG, the amount of AP sites in methylated DNA was much higher than that in DNA containing ethenopurines or Hx.	Hypoxanthine	133-135	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	25-29
10657589-2	2000	The underlying HPRT mutation was unique in that the specific activity of HPRT in erythrocyte and in fibroblast lysates was normal, but the rate of uptake of hypoxanthine into nucleotides of intact cultured fibroblasts was markedly reduced (23% of normal).	Hypoxanthine	157-169	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	15-19
10657589-3	2000	The low functioning of HPRT in the intact fibroblasts was associated with decreased utilization of endogenously generated hypoxanthine and with decreased utilization of the cosubstrate 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP).	Hypoxanthine	122-134	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	23-27
11790327-3	2000	The paradox was explained in part, by the presence in serum of purine nucleoside phosphorylase and adenosine deaminase, that, together with xanthine oxidase, catabolized adenosine, inosine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine to uric acid yielding trypanocidal H(2)O(2).	Hypoxanthine	190-202	adenosine deaminase	Homo sapiens	99-118
10854040-1	2000	Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.8.; HPRT) catalyzes the salvage synthesis of inosine-5"-monophosphate (IMP) and guanosine-5"-monophosphate (GMP) from the purine bases hypoxanthine and guanine, respectively.	Hypoxanthine	192-204	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	0-46
10854040-1	2000	Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.8.; HPRT) catalyzes the salvage synthesis of inosine-5"-monophosphate (IMP) and guanosine-5"-monophosphate (GMP) from the purine bases hypoxanthine and guanine, respectively.	Hypoxanthine	192-204	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	61-65
10604966-1	2000	Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a mammalian enzyme that possesses a series of redox centers, which use either NAD(+) or molecular oxygen for oxidation of the purines xanthine and hypoxanthine to uric acid.	Hypoxanthine	180-192	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	0-23
10850548-6	1999	Here we show that infection of human 1306, HPRT-negative cells with RAd-HPRT, expressed high enough levels of HPRT enzyme activity, as to reverse their abnormal biochemical phenotype, thus enhancing hypoxanthine incorporation and restoring purine recycling, increasing GTP levels, decreasing adenine incorporation, and allowing cell survival in HAT medium in which only cells expressing high levels of HPRT can survive.	Hypoxanthine	199-211	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	43-47
10850548-6	1999	Here we show that infection of human 1306, HPRT-negative cells with RAd-HPRT, expressed high enough levels of HPRT enzyme activity, as to reverse their abnormal biochemical phenotype, thus enhancing hypoxanthine incorporation and restoring purine recycling, increasing GTP levels, decreasing adenine incorporation, and allowing cell survival in HAT medium in which only cells expressing high levels of HPRT can survive.	Hypoxanthine	199-211	RRAD, Ras related glycolysis inhibitor and calcium channel regulator	Homo sapiens	68-71
10850548-6	1999	Here we show that infection of human 1306, HPRT-negative cells with RAd-HPRT, expressed high enough levels of HPRT enzyme activity, as to reverse their abnormal biochemical phenotype, thus enhancing hypoxanthine incorporation and restoring purine recycling, increasing GTP levels, decreasing adenine incorporation, and allowing cell survival in HAT medium in which only cells expressing high levels of HPRT can survive.	Hypoxanthine	199-211	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	72-76
10850548-6	1999	Here we show that infection of human 1306, HPRT-negative cells with RAd-HPRT, expressed high enough levels of HPRT enzyme activity, as to reverse their abnormal biochemical phenotype, thus enhancing hypoxanthine incorporation and restoring purine recycling, increasing GTP levels, decreasing adenine incorporation, and allowing cell survival in HAT medium in which only cells expressing high levels of HPRT can survive.	Hypoxanthine	199-211	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	72-76
10850548-6	1999	Here we show that infection of human 1306, HPRT-negative cells with RAd-HPRT, expressed high enough levels of HPRT enzyme activity, as to reverse their abnormal biochemical phenotype, thus enhancing hypoxanthine incorporation and restoring purine recycling, increasing GTP levels, decreasing adenine incorporation, and allowing cell survival in HAT medium in which only cells expressing high levels of HPRT can survive.	Hypoxanthine	199-211	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	72-76
10567419-11	1999	Kinetic analysis revealed that the XPRT preferentially phosphoribosylated xanthine but could also recognize hypoxanthine and guanine.	Hypoxanthine	108-120	xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase	Leishmania donovani	35-39
10604966-1	2000	Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) is a mammalian enzyme that possesses a series of redox centers, which use either NAD(+) or molecular oxygen for oxidation of the purines xanthine and hypoxanthine to uric acid.	Hypoxanthine	180-192	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	25-28
10321671-10	1999	By considering the high amounts of xanthine oxidase seen in the gut, the increases in hypoxanthine may provide an important substrate for reactive oxygen species formation in this organ.	Hypoxanthine	86-98	xanthine dehydrogenase	Sus scrofa	35-51
10444573-7	1999	Oxidant injury was induced in mouse PT and TAL cells in culture by the catabolism of hypoxanthine by xanthine oxidase.	Hypoxanthine	85-97	xanthine dehydrogenase	Mus musculus	101-117
10362602-4	1999	Both superoxide (generated by xanthine oxidase plus hypoxanthine) and hydrogen peroxide were potent inducers of PAI-1, and hydroxyl radical scavengers completely abolished the TNF-alpha induction of PAI-1.	Hypoxanthine	52-64	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	112-117
10362602-4	1999	Both superoxide (generated by xanthine oxidase plus hypoxanthine) and hydrogen peroxide were potent inducers of PAI-1, and hydroxyl radical scavengers completely abolished the TNF-alpha induction of PAI-1.	Hypoxanthine	52-64	tumor necrosis factor	Homo sapiens	176-185
10362602-4	1999	Both superoxide (generated by xanthine oxidase plus hypoxanthine) and hydrogen peroxide were potent inducers of PAI-1, and hydroxyl radical scavengers completely abolished the TNF-alpha induction of PAI-1.	Hypoxanthine	52-64	serpin family E member 1	Homo sapiens	199-204
10329732-5	1999	In mammalian cells hypoxanthine (HX) and 1,N6-ethenoadenine (epsilonA) are both substrates for the monofunctional 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase, the ANPG protein, whereas 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) is removed by the bifunctional DNA glycosylase/beta-lyase 8-oxoG-DNA gly- cosylase (OGG1).	Hypoxanthine	19-31	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	151-155
10329732-5	1999	In mammalian cells hypoxanthine (HX) and 1,N6-ethenoadenine (epsilonA) are both substrates for the monofunctional 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase, the ANPG protein, whereas 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) is removed by the bifunctional DNA glycosylase/beta-lyase 8-oxoG-DNA gly- cosylase (OGG1).	Hypoxanthine	19-31	8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	291-295
10329732-5	1999	In mammalian cells hypoxanthine (HX) and 1,N6-ethenoadenine (epsilonA) are both substrates for the monofunctional 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase, the ANPG protein, whereas 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) is removed by the bifunctional DNA glycosylase/beta-lyase 8-oxoG-DNA gly- cosylase (OGG1).	Hypoxanthine	33-35	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	151-155
10329732-5	1999	In mammalian cells hypoxanthine (HX) and 1,N6-ethenoadenine (epsilonA) are both substrates for the monofunctional 3-methyladenine DNA glycosylase, the ANPG protein, whereas 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) is removed by the bifunctional DNA glycosylase/beta-lyase 8-oxoG-DNA gly- cosylase (OGG1).	Hypoxanthine	33-35	8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	291-295
9927176-1	1999	Xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) is a molybdoenzyme which catalyses oxidation of xanthine and hypoxanthine to uric acid.	Hypoxanthine	90-102	xanthine dehydrogenase 1	Bombyx mori	0-22
9927176-1	1999	Xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) is a molybdoenzyme which catalyses oxidation of xanthine and hypoxanthine to uric acid.	Hypoxanthine	90-102	xanthine dehydrogenase 1	Bombyx mori	24-27
10622277-3	1999	XOR is an enzyme involved in purine metabolism, converting ATP metabolites hypoxanthine and xanthine to uric acid.	Hypoxanthine	75-87	xanthine dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	0-3
9860503-2	1998	At pH 1, hypoxanthine and xanthine are formed from the deamination of adenine and guanine, respectively, whereas under the same conditions, uracil is not detected.	Hypoxanthine	9-21	alanine--glyoxylate and serine--pyruvate aminotransferase	Homo sapiens	3-7
9860824-1	1998	Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) salvages 6-oxopurine bases in the nucleotide metabolic pathway.	Hypoxanthine	55-66	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-38
9860824-1	1998	Hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT) salvages 6-oxopurine bases in the nucleotide metabolic pathway.	Hypoxanthine	55-66	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	40-44
9860824-2	1998	The 1.8 A crystal structure of an asymmetric dimer of the HPRT from the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi was determined in a ternary complex with the primary substrate phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) and an analogue of the substrate hypoxanthine, revealing both open and closed active site conformations.	Hypoxanthine	240-252	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	58-62
18465624-0	1998	AIT-082 NeoTherapeutics Inc. AIT-082 (an analog of hypoxanthine) is an orally-active nerve growth factor (NGF) agonist under development by NeoTherapeutics as a potential treatment for Alzheimer"s disease (AD), stroke and motor neuron disease.	Hypoxanthine	51-63	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	85-104
9822451-4	1998	Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) oxidizes ATP metabolites hypoxanthine and xanthine to urate.	Hypoxanthine	55-67	xanthine dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	0-23
9822451-4	1998	Xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) oxidizes ATP metabolites hypoxanthine and xanthine to urate.	Hypoxanthine	55-67	xanthine dehydrogenase	Rattus norvegicus	25-28
18465624-0	1998	AIT-082 NeoTherapeutics Inc. AIT-082 (an analog of hypoxanthine) is an orally-active nerve growth factor (NGF) agonist under development by NeoTherapeutics as a potential treatment for Alzheimer"s disease (AD), stroke and motor neuron disease.	Hypoxanthine	51-63	nerve growth factor	Homo sapiens	106-109
9521733-1	1998	Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRTase) catalyzes the reversible formation of IMP and GMP from their respective bases hypoxanthine (Hx) and guanine (Gua) and the phosphoribosyl donor 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP).	Hypoxanthine	136-148	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-46
9773783-10	1998	Uric acid, xanthine, and hypoxanthine was found to suppress basal as well as calcitriol-induced CD14 expression of monocytes in a dose-dependent manner.	Hypoxanthine	25-37	CD14 molecule	Homo sapiens	96-100
9705516-3	1998	The intrinsic kinetic parameters (k(cat) and K(m)) for the excision of hypoxanthine by the recombinant human MPG protein from a 39 bp oligodeoxyribonucleotide harboring a unique hypoxanthine were determined.	Hypoxanthine	71-83	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	109-112
9705516-3	1998	The intrinsic kinetic parameters (k(cat) and K(m)) for the excision of hypoxanthine by the recombinant human MPG protein from a 39 bp oligodeoxyribonucleotide harboring a unique hypoxanthine were determined.	Hypoxanthine	178-190	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	109-112
9705516-7	1998	DNase I footprinting experiments with the MPG protein on an oligodeoxyribonucleotide with a unique hypoxanthine at a defined position indicate that the protein protects 11 bases on the strand with the hypoxanthine and 12 bases on the complementary strand.	Hypoxanthine	99-111	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	42-45
9705516-7	1998	DNase I footprinting experiments with the MPG protein on an oligodeoxyribonucleotide with a unique hypoxanthine at a defined position indicate that the protein protects 11 bases on the strand with the hypoxanthine and 12 bases on the complementary strand.	Hypoxanthine	201-213	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	42-45
9736227-2	1998	The purpose of this paper was to examine if there were any correlations between hypoxanthine in vitreous humour and IL-6 in CSF.	Hypoxanthine	80-92	interleukin 6	Homo sapiens	116-120
9670994-2	1998	The syndrome is caused by a defect in the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT), which converts guanine and hypoxanthine to the nucleotides GMP and IMP.	Hypoxanthine	49-61	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	97-101
9626179-8	1998	Conversely, superoxides (generated with 10 mU/mL xanthine oxidase plus 0.6 mmol/L hypoxanthine, and 100 mumol/L hydrogen peroxide) induced the accumulation of PAI-1 and collagen (n = 6).	Hypoxanthine	82-94	serpin family E member 2	Rattus norvegicus	159-164
9518618-7	1998	These regional differences in ADA activities are in good agreement with the regional differences in the ratio of inosine plus hypoxanthine levels to adenosine during complete ischemia.	Hypoxanthine	126-138	adenosine deaminase	Cavia porcellus	30-33
9518618-10	1998	These results indicate that the changes in concentrations of adenosine and its metabolites (inosine and hypoxanthine) during complete ischemia depend on ADA activity in each brain region.	Hypoxanthine	104-116	adenosine deaminase	Cavia porcellus	153-156
9521733-1	1998	Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRTase) catalyzes the reversible formation of IMP and GMP from their respective bases hypoxanthine (Hx) and guanine (Gua) and the phosphoribosyl donor 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP).	Hypoxanthine	136-148	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	48-56
9521733-1	1998	Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRTase) catalyzes the reversible formation of IMP and GMP from their respective bases hypoxanthine (Hx) and guanine (Gua) and the phosphoribosyl donor 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP).	Hypoxanthine	150-152	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	0-46
9521733-1	1998	Hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRTase) catalyzes the reversible formation of IMP and GMP from their respective bases hypoxanthine (Hx) and guanine (Gua) and the phosphoribosyl donor 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate (PRPP).	Hypoxanthine	150-152	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	48-56
9495817-5	1998	We confirmed that superoxide anion radical (O2-) generated from hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase reaction decreases calmodulin content and increases 45Ca2+ efflux from the heavy fraction of canine cardiac SR vesicles; hypoxanthine-xanthine oxidase also decreases Ca2+ free within the intravesicular space of the SR with no effect on Ca2+-ATPase activity.	Hypoxanthine	64-76	calmodulin-2	Canis lupus familiaris	113-123
9589850-3	1998	Our studies showed that ade2 mutants were unable to grow on a synthetic medium with glycerol and hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	97-109	phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase ADE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	24-28
9589850-6	1998	Strains with single adenine mutations, ade4, ade5, ade8, ade6, ade7, or ade1 grow on glycerol- and hypoxanthine-containing media.	Hypoxanthine	99-111	amidophosphoribosyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	39-43
9589850-2	1998	Strains bearing the ade2 mutation are able to grow on a glucose-containing synthetic medium with the addition of adenine or hypoxanthine, which under the action of the cellular phosphoribosyltransferases are converted into adenosine monophosphate and inosine monophosphate, respectively.	Hypoxanthine	124-136	phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase ADE2	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	20-24
9589850-6	1998	Strains with single adenine mutations, ade4, ade5, ade8, ade6, ade7, or ade1 grow on glycerol- and hypoxanthine-containing media.	Hypoxanthine	99-111	phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	51-55
9589850-6	1998	Strains with single adenine mutations, ade4, ade5, ade8, ade6, ade7, or ade1 grow on glycerol- and hypoxanthine-containing media.	Hypoxanthine	99-111	phosphoribosylformylglycinamidine synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	57-61
9589850-6	1998	Strains with single adenine mutations, ade4, ade5, ade8, ade6, ade7, or ade1 grow on glycerol- and hypoxanthine-containing media.	Hypoxanthine	99-111	phosphoribosylaminoimidazolesuccinocarboxamide synthase	Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288C	72-76
9402067-9	1997	DPR potently (p < 0.05) inhibited both hypoxanthine/xanthine- and gp120-induced oxidative damage with concentrations that produce 50% inhibition (apparent IC50 values) of 1.3 microM for hypoxanthine/xanthine and 1.0 microM for gp120.	Hypoxanthine	189-201	inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor heavy chain 4	Homo sapiens	69-74
9473738-8	1997	Incubation of hydroxyurea and Cu,Zn-SOD with xanthine oxidase and hypoxanthine in a system forming O2- -->H2O2 also resulted in appreciable NO production.	Hypoxanthine	66-78	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	30-39
21781760-4	1997	The initial rate of change in optical density (OD) at 550 nm, i.e., initial reaction rate, generated by xanthine oxidase (20 mU/ml)/hypoxanthine (100 muM) coupled to ferricytochrome c (100 muM) was effectively abolished by SOD (200 U/ml), tiron (10 mM) and TEMPO (0.3 mM), indicating the involvement of superoxide anions.	Hypoxanthine	132-144	latexin	Homo sapiens	150-153
9235951-5	1997	The surprising ability of mutant L. donovani lacking HGPRT, APRT, and/or AK to incorporate and grow in hypoxanthine could be attributed to the ability of the parasite xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase enzyme to salvage hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	103-115	hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase	Leishmania donovani	53-58
9211842-2	1997	The reaction trajectory of IDH was modified (i) after the adenine moiety of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate was changed to hypoxanthine (the 6-amino was changed to 6-hydroxyl), and (ii) by replacing Mg2+, which has six coordinating ligands, with Ca2+, which has eight coordinating ligands.	Hypoxanthine	135-147	isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP(+)) 1	Homo sapiens	27-30
9201021-7	1997	ECs under strain or pretreated with either H2O2 or xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine induced MCP-1 expression.	Hypoxanthine	68-80	C-C motif chemokine ligand 2	Homo sapiens	89-94
9283960-7	1997	On the other hand, presumed production of ROS using the hypoxanthine-xanthine system at the beginning of the in vitro maturation period did improve subsequent developmental competence of the oocytes under some conditions and when catalase was present (control: 14% +/- 4 SEM and treated: 23% +/- 9 and 27% +/- 8 SEM; P < 0.05).	Hypoxanthine	56-68	catalase	Bos taurus	230-238
9128279-2	1997	Experimental studies have revealed two main sources of these metabolites: 1) the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and on to uric acid by the oxidase form of xanthine oxidoreductase and 2) neutrophils accumulating in ischemic and reperfused tissue.	Hypoxanthine	94-106	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	162-185
9222444-2	1997	The activation of the PA/plasmin system in Gin cells exposed to a sublethal oxygen radical [hypoxanthine (HX) 0.1 mg ml-1/xanthine oxidase (XOD) 5 munit ml-1] system was examined.	Hypoxanthine	92-104	plasminogen	Homo sapiens	25-32
9222444-2	1997	The activation of the PA/plasmin system in Gin cells exposed to a sublethal oxygen radical [hypoxanthine (HX) 0.1 mg ml-1/xanthine oxidase (XOD) 5 munit ml-1] system was examined.	Hypoxanthine	92-104	interleukin 17F	Homo sapiens	117-121
9222444-2	1997	The activation of the PA/plasmin system in Gin cells exposed to a sublethal oxygen radical [hypoxanthine (HX) 0.1 mg ml-1/xanthine oxidase (XOD) 5 munit ml-1] system was examined.	Hypoxanthine	92-104	interleukin 17F	Homo sapiens	153-157
9132023-8	1997	The more rapid rate of utilization of guanine than hypoxanthine in the forward reaction is the result of the faster release of product GMP rather than the result of differences in the rate of the chemical step.	Hypoxanthine	51-63	5'-nucleotidase, cytosolic II	Homo sapiens	135-138
9371767-0	1997	Targeted deletion of alkylpurine-DNA-N-glycosylase in mice eliminates repair of 1,N6-ethenoadenine and hypoxanthine but not of 3,N4-ethenocytosine or 8-oxoguanine.	Hypoxanthine	103-115	N-methylpurine-DNA glycosylase	Mus musculus	21-50
21528298-1	1997	Xanthine oxidase (XO) and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) are alternate enzymatic forms of the XO/XDH protein that catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine, and xanthine to uric acid, and in the process XO/XDH generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals.	Hypoxanthine	139-151	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	26-48
21528298-1	1997	Xanthine oxidase (XO) and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) are alternate enzymatic forms of the XO/XDH protein that catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine, and xanthine to uric acid, and in the process XO/XDH generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals.	Hypoxanthine	139-151	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	50-53
21528298-1	1997	Xanthine oxidase (XO) and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) are alternate enzymatic forms of the XO/XDH protein that catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine, and xanthine to uric acid, and in the process XO/XDH generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals.	Hypoxanthine	139-151	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	92-98
21528298-1	1997	Xanthine oxidase (XO) and xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) are alternate enzymatic forms of the XO/XDH protein that catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine, and xanthine to uric acid, and in the process XO/XDH generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals.	Hypoxanthine	139-151	xanthine dehydrogenase	Homo sapiens	95-98
21781760-4	1997	The initial rate of change in optical density (OD) at 550 nm, i.e., initial reaction rate, generated by xanthine oxidase (20 mU/ml)/hypoxanthine (100 muM) coupled to ferricytochrome c (100 muM) was effectively abolished by SOD (200 U/ml), tiron (10 mM) and TEMPO (0.3 mM), indicating the involvement of superoxide anions.	Hypoxanthine	132-144	latexin	Homo sapiens	189-192
21781760-4	1997	The initial rate of change in optical density (OD) at 550 nm, i.e., initial reaction rate, generated by xanthine oxidase (20 mU/ml)/hypoxanthine (100 muM) coupled to ferricytochrome c (100 muM) was effectively abolished by SOD (200 U/ml), tiron (10 mM) and TEMPO (0.3 mM), indicating the involvement of superoxide anions.	Hypoxanthine	132-144	superoxide dismutase 1	Homo sapiens	223-226
8976122-3	1996	Since individuals with ALDH2*1 can catalyze ethanol readily, they consume large amount of ATP, and thus produce more hypoxanthine than those with ALDH2*2.	Hypoxanthine	117-129	aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 family member	Homo sapiens	23-28
8922366-13	1996	Furthermore, IL-1beta inhibits cytosolic synthesis of new purine nucleotides (via the salvage pathway), as assessed by a decrease in their specific activity after labeling with [3H]hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	181-193	interleukin 1 beta	Rattus norvegicus	13-21
8976093-1	1996	The purine salvage enzyme hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) catalyzes the transfer of phosphoribose from PRPP to the 9-position of hypoxanthine or guanine, yielding IMP or GMP, respectively.	Hypoxanthine	26-38	hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase 1	Homo sapiens	75-79
8895486-1	1996	N-Methylpurine-DNA glycosylase (MPG), a ubiquitous DNA repair protein, removes several N-alkylpurine adducts, hypoxanthine, cyclic ethenoadducts of adenine, guanine and cytosine and 8-oxoguanine from DNA.	Hypoxanthine	110-122	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	0-30
8895486-1	1996	N-Methylpurine-DNA glycosylase (MPG), a ubiquitous DNA repair protein, removes several N-alkylpurine adducts, hypoxanthine, cyclic ethenoadducts of adenine, guanine and cytosine and 8-oxoguanine from DNA.	Hypoxanthine	110-122	N-methylpurine DNA glycosylase	Homo sapiens	32-35
8647926-4	1996	In 51Cr release assays, the toxicity of exogenous RO2S including hydrogen peroxide or superoxide (generated by xanthine oxidase/hypoxanthine) to human retinal pigment epithelial cells was inhibited by the iron chelators, desferrioxamine and apo-transferrin.	Hypoxanthine	128-140	transferrin	Homo sapiens	245-256
8725879-2	1996	Unlike other genes tested to date in brain tumor models, the Escherichia coli gpt gene is unique in that it not only sensitizes cells to the prodrug 6-thioxanthine (6TX) but also encodes resistance to a different regimen (mycophenolic acid, xanthine, and hypoxanthine), thus providing a means to select for gpt-positive cells.	Hypoxanthine	255-267	glutamic--pyruvic transaminase	Rattus norvegicus	78-81
8602176-3	1996	T lymphocytes from spleen were cloned in vitro and HPRT deficient clones were detected by double-labeling with [3H]thymidine and [14C]hypoxanthine.	Hypoxanthine	134-146	hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase	Mus musculus	51-55